FROM THE 
 
 MAGNETIC OBSERVATORY, 
 TORONTO. 
 
 I 
 
 ~ 
 
 O. T. KINGSTON, 
 
 Director. 
 
 
 PHILLIPS LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 HARVARD COLLEGE OBSERVATORY. 
 

 ABSTRACTS 
 
 /**-*' / 
 
 OF 
 
 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 
 
 MADE AT THE 
 
 MAGNETICAL OBSERVATORY, TORONTO, 
 
 CANADA WEST, 
 
 DURING THE YEARS 1854 TO 1859, INCLUSIVE. 
 
 'TORONTO: 
 
 PRINTED BY LOVELL AND GIBSON, YONGE STREET, 
 
 1864. 
 
GIFT 
 
 
l V 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 iNTKODTTCTIOir 
 
 General monthly meteorological abstracts, 1854 to 1869 inclusive, giving the daily mean values of the meteoro- 
 logical elements, the daily resultant directions, resultant velocities and mean velocities of the wind, the 
 daily extremes of temperature, with the amount and approximate duration of rain and snow for each day 
 on which rain or snow fell 2 
 
 TABLES 
 
 I. Monthly means of the temperature of the air at each of the six observation hours, from 1854 to 1859 in- 
 clusive 74 
 
 II. Monthly and annual means of the temperature of the air, furnished by six daily observations from 1854 
 
 to 1859 inclusive 78 
 
 III. Differences of the monthly and annual means of the temperature of the air from 1854 to 1859 inclusive, in ex- 
 cess or defect from the normal monthly and annual means, both being derived from six daily observations 78 
 
 IV. Monthly means of the temperature of the air at each of the six observation hours, for the period 1854 to 
 
 1859 inclusive ; '_. 79 
 
 V. Differences of the mean monthly temperature at each observation hour, in excess or defect from the normal 
 
 mean monthly temperature of the same hour, together with the means of the six hourly differences ... 79 
 
 VI. Monthly mean differences, without regard to sign, between the normal temperatures of the day and hour 
 and the observed temperatures at the same day and hour, for each month of the years 1854 to 1859 in- 
 clusive 80 
 
 VII. Monthly mean differences, without regard to sign, between the normal temperatures of the day and hour and 
 
 the observed temperatures, for each of the six observation hours, for the period 1854 to 1859 inclusive . . 80 
 
 VIII. Mean differences, without regard to sign, between the temperatures observed at 2 P.M. on consecutive days, 
 
 for each month in the years 1854 to 1859 inclusive, the effect of the annual variation being eliminated . . 81 
 
 DL Shewing for each month (for the period 1854 to 1859 inclusive) the number of cases in a hundred when the 
 change of temperature observed at 2 P.M. on consecutive days was increasing, with the average values 
 of the increasing and of the decreasing changes 81 
 
 ^ X. Mean difference of the temperature of the air, from the normal at the hour of observation, for each of 
 the sixteen points of the wind's direction, with the number of observations from which the means 
 are derived, for the years 1853 to 1859 inclusive 82 
 
 XI. Monthly means of the diurnal change of temperature, exclusive of that due to annual variation, from 6A.M. 
 to 6 A.M., for the period 1854 to 1859 inclusive, arranged according to the daily resultant direction of 
 the wind 83 
 
 XII. Frequency of increasing changes of temperature, the total number in each month and direction being 100 .. 83 
 
 XIIL Aggregate of increasing changes for each direction, the joint aggregate of increasing and decreasing changes 
 
 for any one month and direction being expressed by 100 83 
 
IV CONTENTS. 
 
 XIV. Monthly and yearly means of the diurnal change of temperature, without regard to sign, and excluding 
 that due to annual variation, from 6 A.M. to 6 A.M., for the period 1854 to 1859, arranged according to 
 the daily resultant direction of the wind ................................................. 34 
 
 XV. Comparative diurnal changes of temperature in the same month that are due to different winds, being the 
 
 numbers in Table XIV. expressed in terms of the arithmetic mean change in that month for all winds . 84 
 
 XVI. Comparative diurnal changes of temperature that are due in different months to the same wind, being the 
 
 numbers in Table XIV. expressed in terms of the annual arithmetic mean for that wind ............ 84 
 
 XVII. Monthly means of the daily maxima, minima, and ranges of temperature, for the years 1854 to 1859 inclusive 85 
 
 XVIII. Highest and lowest temperatures in each month, and monthly ranges of temperature, for the years 1854 to 
 
 1859 inclusive ..................................... ....................................... 86 
 
 XIX. Monthly means of the barometer at each of the six observation hours, from 1854 to 1859 inclusive ....... 87 
 
 XX. Monthly and annual means of the barometer, furnished by six daily observations, 1854 to 1859 inclusive . . 91 
 
 TfTfl. Differences of the monthly and annual means of the barometer, for 1854 to 1859 inclusive, in excess or de- 
 
 fect from the assumed normal monthly and annual means, both being derived from six daily observations 91 
 
 XXII. Monthly means of the barometer at each of the six observation hours, for the period 1854 to 1859 inclusive 92 
 
 XXIII. Differences of the mean monthly readings of the barometer at each observation hour, in excess or defect 
 
 from the assumed normal for the hour, together with the means of the six hourly differences ...... 92 
 
 XXIV. Monthly mean differences, without regard to sign, between the observed readings of the barometer and the 
 
 assumed normals proper to the day and hour, for each month of the years 1854 to 1859 inclusive ..... 93 
 
 XXV. Monthly mean differences, without regard to sign, between the observed readings of the barometer and the 
 assumed normals for the day and hour at each of the six observation hours, for the period 1854 to 1859 
 inclusive ..................................... .................... ....... ...... ... ..... 93 
 
 XXVI. Mean differences, without regard to sign, between the heights of the barometer observed at 2 P.M. on con- 
 
 secutive days for each month, in the years 1854 to 1859 inclusive ............... ........ .......... 94 
 
 XXVII. Shewing for each month (for the period 1854 to 1859 inclusive) the number of cases in a hundred when the 
 
 height of the barometer observed at 2 P.M. on consecutive days was increasing, with the average values 
 
 of the increasing and of the decreasing changes ... .......... ........ ............ . ....... 94 
 
 XXVIII. Mean difference of the reading of the barometer from the normal at the hour of observation, for each 
 
 of the sixteen points of the wind's direction, with the number of observations from which the means 
 are derived, for the years 1853 to 1859 inclusive .................................................... 95 
 
 XXIX. Monthly and yearly means of the diurnal change in the readings of the barometer (corrected to tempera- 
 ture 32) from 6 A.M. to 6 A.M., for the period 1854 to 1859 inclusive, arranged according to the daily 
 resultant direction of the wind ............................................................. 96 
 
 XXX. Frequency of increasing changes in each month, the total number in each direction being 100 .......... 96 
 
 XXXI. Aggregate of increasing changes for each direction, the joint aggregate of increasing and decreasing 
 
 changes in the month for any one direction, being expressed by 100 ................................. 96 
 
 XXXII. Monthly and diurnal means of the diurnal change, without regard to sign, in the readings of the baro- 
 meter (corrected to temperature 32) from 6 A.M. to 6 A.M., for the period 1854 to 1859, arranged accord- 
 ing to the daily resultant direction of the wind .......................... ..................... 97 
 
 XXXIII. Comparative diurnal changes in the height of the barometer in the same month that are due to different 
 winds, being the numbers in Table XXXII. expressed in terms of the mean change in that month for 
 allwinds.. ............. 97 
 
CONTENTS. W 
 
 TABLES PASS 
 
 XXXTV. Comparative diurnal changes in the height of the barometer that are due in different months to the 
 same wind, being the numbers in Table XXXII. expressed in terms of the annual arithmetic mean 
 forthatwind 97 
 
 XXXV. Highest and lowest readings, and monthly ranges of the barometer in each month, from 1854 to 1859 
 
 inclusive 98 
 
 XXXVI. Monthly means of the pressure of dry air at each of the six observation hours, for the years 1854 to 
 
 1859 inclusive : 99 
 
 XXXVII. Monthly and annual means of the pressure of dry air furnished by six daily observations, for 1854 to 
 
 1859 inclusive 103 
 
 XXXVIII. Monthly means of the pressure of dry air at each of the six observation hours, for the period 1854 to 
 
 1859 inclusive 103 
 
 XXXIX. Monthly means of the pressure of vapour at each of the six observation hours, for the years 1854 to 
 
 1859 inclusive 104 
 
 XL. Monthly means of the relative humidity at each of the six observation hours, for the years 1854 to 
 
 1859 inclusive 108 
 
 XLI. & XLII. Monthly and annual means of the pressure of vapour and relative humidity, furnished by six daily 
 
 observations, for 1854 to 1859 inclusive 112 
 
 XLIII. & XL1V. Monthly means of the pressure of vapour and relative humidity at each of the six observation 
 
 hours, for the period 1854 to 1859 inclusive 113 
 
 XLV. Monthly means of the extent of sky clouded at each of the six observation hours (the hemisphere being 
 
 unity) for the years 1854 to 1859 Inclusive . 114 
 
 XLVI. Monthly and annual means of the extent of sky clouded, from six daily observations, for 1854 to 
 
 1859 inclusive 116 
 
 XL VII. Monthly means of the extent of sky clouded at each observation hour, for the period 1854 to 1859 inclusive 116 
 
 XLVIII. Mean clouded sky for each of the sixteen points of the wind's direction, with the number of observations 
 
 from which the means are derived, for the years 1853 to 1859 inclusive" 117 
 
 XLIX. Comparative view of the annual variations of certain meteorological elements derived from the series 
 
 1842 to 1848, and from the series 185459 118 
 
 L. Comparative view of the diurnal variations at the six observation hours, for the same two series 118 
 
 LI. Resultant direction, resultant velocity, and mean velocity of the wind for each month 119 
 
 LII. Monthly and annual resultant directions of the wind for each hour of Toronto astronomical time, for the 
 
 period 1854 to 1859 inclusive '. 120 
 
 LIII. Monthly and yearly resultant velocities of the wind, for each hour of Toronto astronomical time, for the 
 
 period 1854 to 1859 inclusive, the velocities being in miles per hour ; 121 
 
 LIV. Monthly aud yearly mean velocities of the wind for each hour of Toronto astronomical time, for the 
 
 period 1854 to 1859 inclusive, the velocities being in miles per hour 122 
 
 LV. Mean velocity of the wind for each of the sixteen points of the wind's direction, with the number of 
 
 observations from which the means are derived, for the years 1853 to 1859 inclusive 123 
 
IV CONTENTS. 
 
 XFV. Monthly and yearly means of the diurnal change of temperature, without regard to sign, and excluding 
 that due to annual variation, from 6 A.M. to 6 A.M., for the period 1854 to 1859, arranged according to 
 the daily resultant direction of the wind ................................................. 34 
 
 XV. Comparative diurnal changes of temperature in the same month that are due to different winds, being the 
 
 numbers in Table XIV. expressed in terms of the arithmetic mean change in that month for all winds . 84 
 
 XVI. Comparative diurnal changes of temperature that are due in different months to the same wind, being the 
 
 numbers in Table XIV. expressed in terms of the annual arithmetic mean for that wind ............ 84 
 
 XVII. Monthly means of the daily maxima, minima, and ranges of temperature, for the years 1854 to 1859 inclusive 85 
 
 XVIII. Highest and lowest temperatures in each month, and monthly ranges of temperature, for the years 1854 to 
 
 1859 inclusive ............................................................................ 86 
 
 XIX. Monthly means of the barometer at each of the six observation hours, from 1854 to 1859 inclusive ....... 87 
 
 XX. Monthly and annual means of the barometer, furnished by six daily observations, 1854 to 1859 inclusive. . 91 
 
 TfTfl. Differences of the monthly and annual means of the barometer, for 1854 to 1859 inclusive, in excess or de- 
 
 fect from the assumed normal monthly and annual means, both being derived from six daily observations 91 
 
 XXII. Monthly means of the barometer at each of the six observation hours, for the period 1854 to 1859 inclusive 92 
 
 XXIII. Differences of the mean monthly readings of the barometer at each observation hour, in excess or defect 
 
 from the assumed normal for the hour, together with the means of the six hourly differences ...... 92 
 
 XXTV. Monthly mean differences, without regard to sign, between the observed readings of the barometer and the 
 
 assumed normals proper to the day and hour, for each month of the years 1854 to 1859 inclusive ..... 93 
 
 XXV. Monthly mean differences, without regard to sign, between the observed readings of the barometer and the 
 assumed normals for tbe day and hour at each of the six observation hours, for the period 1854 to 1859 
 inclusive .................... ................ ....................... ... ..... ......... 93 
 
 XXVI. Mean differences, without regard to sign, between the heights of the barometer observed at 2 P.M. on con- 
 
 secutive days for each month, in the years 1854 to 1859 inclusive ............... ........ ........ 94 
 
 XXVII. Shewing for each month (for the period 1854 to 1869 inclusive) the number of cases in a hundred when the 
 
 height of the barometer observed at 2 P.M. on consecutive days was increasing, with the average values 
 
 of the increasing and of the decreasing changes ... ................. ............ . ....... 94 
 
 XXVIII. Mean difference of the reading of the barometer from the normal at the hour of observation, for each 
 
 of the sixteen points of the wind's direction, with the number of observations from which the means 
 are derived, for the years 1853 to 1859 inclusive ........................... ......................... 95 
 
 XXIX. Monthly and yearly means of the diurnal change in the readings of the barometer (corrected to tempera- 
 ture 32) from 6 A.M. to 6 A.M., for the period 1854 to 1859 inclusive, arranged according to the daily 
 resultant direction of the wind ............................................................. 96 
 
 XXX. Frequency of increasing changes in each month, the total number in each direction being 100 .......... 96 
 
 XXXI. Aggregate of increasing changes for each direction, the joint aggregate of increasing and decreasing 
 
 changes in the month for any one direction, being expressed by 100 ................................. 96 
 
 XXXII. Monthly and diurnal means of the diurnal change, without regard to sign, in the readings of the baro- 
 meter (corrected to temperature 32) from 6 A.M. to 6 A.M., for the period 1854 to 1859, arranged accord- 
 ing to the daily resultant direction of the wind .......................... ................... 97 
 
 XXXIII. Comparative diurnal changes in the height of the barometer in the same month that are due to different 
 winds, being the numbers in Table XXXII. expressed in terms of the mean change in that month for 
 all winds .......................................... . ..... ................................... 97 
 
CONTENTS. W 
 
 TABLES 
 
 XXXIV. Comparative diurnal changes in the height of the barometer that are due in different months to the 
 same wind, being the numbers in Table XXXII. expressed in terms of the annual arithmetic mean 
 forthatwind ......................................................... ---- ................. 97 
 
 XXXV. Highest and lowest readings, and monthly ranges of the barometer in each month, from 1864 to 1859 
 
 inclusive ............... ................................................................... 98 
 
 XXXVI. Monthly means of the pressure of dry air at each of the six observation hours, for the years 1854 to 
 
 1859 inclusive ............... . ... ....... ........ ............. ................ . ............ 99 
 
 XXXVII. Monthly and annual means of the pressure of dry air furnished by six daily observations, for 1854 to 
 
 1859 inclusive ............ ................................................... ........ 103 
 
 XXXVIII. Monthly means of the pressure of dry air at each of the six observation hours, for the period 1854 to 
 
 1859 inclusive ........................ ....... ................. ............................ 103 
 
 XXXIX. Monthly means of the pressure of vapour at each of the six observation hours, for the years 1854 to 
 
 1859 inclusive ...................................................................... ............ 104 
 
 XL. Monthly means of the relative humidity at each of the six observation hours, for the years 1854 to 
 
 1859 inclusive .......... ........................................................... ............ 108 
 
 XLI. & XLII. Monthly and annual means of the pressure of vapour and relative humidity, furnished by six daily 
 
 observations, for 1854 to 1859 inclusive ....................................................... 112 
 
 XLIII. <fc XL1V. Monthly means of the pressure of vapour and relative humidity at each of the six observation 
 
 hours, for the period 1854 to 1859 inclusive .................................................... 113 
 
 XLV. Monthly means of the extent of sky clouded at each of the six observation hours (the hemisphere being 
 
 unity) for the years 1854 to 1859 Inclusive ............ ........ ........... . ........................ 114 
 
 XL VI. Monthly and annual means of the extent of sky clouded, from six daily observations, for 1854 to 
 
 1859 inclusive ................................................................................ 116 
 
 XL VII. Monthly means of the extent of sky clouded at each observation hour, for the period 1854 to 1859 inclusive 116 
 
 XLVIII. Mean clouded sky for each of the sixteen points of the wind's direction, with the number of observations 
 
 from which the means are derived, for the years 1853 to 1859 inclusive .............................. 117 
 
 XLIX. Comparative view of the annual variations of certain meteorological elements derived from the series 
 
 1842 to 1848, and from the series 185459 .............. . ............................................................... 118 
 
 L. Comparative view of the diurnal variations at the six observation hours, for the same two series ............ 118 
 
 LI. Resultant direction, resultant velocity, and mean velocity of the wind for each month ....................... 119 
 
 LII. Monthly and annual resultant directions of the wind for each hour of Toronto astronomical time, for the 
 
 period 1854 to 1859 inclusive ........................................... '. ........ ............................................ 120 
 
 LIU. Monthly and yearly resultant velocities of the wind, for each hour of Toronto astronomical time, for the 
 
 period 1854 to 1859 inclusive, the velocities being in miles per hour .............................. ; .............. 121 
 
 LIV. Monthly aud yearly mean velocities of the wind for each hour of Toronto astronomical time, for the 
 
 period 1854 to 1859 inclusive, the velocities being in miles per hour ............................................... 122 
 
 LV. Mean velocity of the wind for each of the sixteen points of the wind's direction, with the number of 
 
 observations from which the means are derived, for the years 1853 to 1859 inclusive ........................ 123 
 
Vi CONTENTS. 
 
 TABIBS PAOB 
 
 LVL Ratios shewing the comparative duration of different winds in each separate month, being the absolute 
 durations of the different winds in the month, expressed in terms of the monthly mean duration for 
 all winds 124 
 
 LVII. Ratios shewing the comparative duration of each separate wind in the different months, being the numbers 
 
 in Table LVL expressed in terms of the annual means given at the foot of each column 124 
 
 LVIIL Ratios shewing the comparative duration of different winds for each separate hour, being the absolute 
 
 durations for the hour, expressed in terms of the duration of all winds for the same hour 126 
 
 LIX. Ratios shewing the comparative duration of each separate wind in different hours, being the absolute 
 
 durations for the hour, expressed in terms of the mean duration of that wind for all hours 128 
 
 LX. The number of days in which rain fell, its approximate duration in hours, and depth in inches, for each 
 
 month of the years 1854 to 1859 inclusive 130 
 
 LXI. The number of days in which snow fell, its approximate duration in hours, and depth in inches, for each 
 
 month of the years 1864 to 1859 inclusive 181 
 
 LXI I. The nnmber of days in which either rain or snow fell, their approximate duration in hours, and depth in 
 inches, for each month of the years 1854 to 1859 inclusive ; one inch of snow being reckoned as 
 equivalent to one-tenth of an inch of rain 132 
 
 LXIII. Comparative duration of the several winds during the days in any part of which rain or snow fell, from 
 
 observations in the years 1853 to 1859 inclusive 133 
 
 LXIV. Comparative duration of the several winds during the hours in any part, of which rain or snow fell, from 
 
 observations in the years 1857 to 1859 inclusive 134 
 
 LXV. Comparative duration of the several winds during the days in any part of which snow fell, from observa- 
 tions in the years 1853 to 1859 inclusive, the snow storms being arranged in four classes, according to 
 the amount of snow, and each class being taken to include all the higher classes 135 
 
 LXVL Comparative duration of the several winds during the hours in any part of which snow fell, from obser- 
 vations in the years 1857 to 1859 inclusive, the snow storms being arranged in four classes, according 
 to the amount of snow, and each class being taken to include all the higher classes 136 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The Toronto Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory is situated in the grounds of the University 
 of Toronto, in Latitude 43 39'. 4 N, Longitude* 5h. 17m. 33s. W., 108 feet above Lake Ontario, and ap- 
 proximately 342 feet above the level of the sea. 
 
 The early history of the Observatory, including the circumstances which led to its establishment by 
 the British Government in 1839-40, are given in detail in the introduction to the 1st Volume of the 
 Observations, published under the superintendence of General Sabine, R. A., which, together with the 
 2nd and 3rd volumes, contain the magnetical and meteorological observations, from 1840 to 1848 in- 
 clusive. 
 
 The operations of the Observatory as an imperial establishment were brought to a close in the 
 early part of the year 1853. The magnetical observations, which had ceased preparatory to the re- 
 moval of the instruments, were resumed under the authority of the Provincial Government in July of 
 the same year, while the meteorological observations were continued without intermission. The non- 
 commissioned officers of the Royal Artillery, Messrs. Walker, Menzies and Stewart, who had acted as 
 observers under Captain Lefroy, R. A., and other officers of the Royal Artillery, were permitted by the 
 indulgence of the Military authorities to continue in the same capacity till they became permanently 
 attached to the Observatory on their retirement from the army in 1855.f The general supervision was 
 committed to the Professor of Natural Philosophy! in University College, Toronto, till the appointment 
 of the present director, G. T. Kingston, M.A. in August, 1855. 
 
 In the Autumn of 1853 a new building was commenced, to take the place of the old Observatory. 
 The principal part of the present structure is in form rectangular, about 54 feet from North to South, in 
 the direction of the magnetic meridian, 44 feet from East to West, and 16 feet in height, exclusive of the 
 roof. Its western portion is occupied by the entrance, the two offices, and the dark room, which com- 
 municate towards the east with the principal room containing the magnetical differential instruments, 
 mounted on their original stone pedestals, which latter, during the progress of the work, were boxed 
 over for protection. 
 
 In the north-west corner, and included in the same horizontal dimensions, is a square tower, side 
 16 feet and height 43 feet, including a balustrade 2J feet high. 
 
 Determined by electric telegraph with Boston in January, 1867. It accords with the result of chronometric comparison with 
 Boston in 1840, see Toronto Observations, p. 17, Vol. I. The heights 108 feet and 342 feet refer to the level of the mercury in the 
 cistern of the barometer. 
 
 f The staff of observers waa increased in January, 1867, by the appointment of Mr. W. P. Davidson. 
 t J. B. Cherriman, M.A., late Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge. 
 
VIU. INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The whole of the main building, together with the tower, are of stone, whose freedom from mag- 
 netism had been carefully ascertained, prior to its employment in the construction. The nails and 
 other fastenings are either copper or zinc. 
 
 From the southern face of the chief room extends a passage 4J feet wide, which communicates at 
 its southern extremity with a room 20 feet by IS, appropriated to the observations of absolute magnetic 
 intensity. On the east and west of the passage, and communicating with it by a second transverse 
 passage, are two small rooms, the former for observing transits, and the latter for the observations of 
 absolute declination. The three rooms with their connecting passages form a cross 72 feet from north 
 to south, 73 feet from east to west, and 8J feet in height. The extreme length of the whole building is 
 thus 126 feet, and its greatest width 73 feet. 
 
 The three small rooms are built of stone, the passages being of lath and plaster on stone founda- 
 tions. These buildings, which were the first erected, were used as offices during the demolition of the 
 old observatory and the erection of the large room and tower, which latter work was commenced in 
 June, 1854 and completed in June 1855. 
 
 The mteorological observations for the years 1854 to 1859, the results of which are given in this 
 volume, were made with the following instruments : 
 
 The Standard Barometer, by Newman, is described on page Ixxiii. of the 1st volume of the Toronto 
 osbervations. The interior diameter of the tube is 0.6 inches. In conformity with the practice in the 
 preceding observations, the corrections for capillarity amounting only to .002 inches, have not been 
 applied. 
 
 The Standard Thermometer is the instrument described on pp. xcvii. and xcviii. of the 2nd volume 
 of the Toronto observations. It is by Fastre of Paris, and is graduated & VicheUe arbitraire. 
 
 All the observations on the temperature of the air were made by this thermometer, excepting when 
 the temperature fell lower than the limits of the scale, (about 8) when the thermometer employed 
 was one supplied from the Kew Observatory. 
 
 The wet bulb thermometer is also by Fastr6, and is graduated according to an arbitrary scale. 
 
 The position occupied by the thermometers till June 24, 1854, was on the outside and near the 
 middle of the north wall of the principal room in the old building. They were protected above by a 
 double projecting roof, and on the east and west and north by double Venetian shutters descending to 
 about 4 feet from the ground. The thermometers were attached to horizontal strips of wood extending 
 east and west, and were read from an aperture in the wall made for that purpose, and fitted with a 
 shutter and sliding window. The bulbs, which were perfectly free, were about 4J feet from the 
 ground. 
 
 On June 24, 1854, the thermometer shed was removed from the wall, and placed against the south 
 fence of the Observatory enclosure. The thermometers remained under the shed in this position till the 
 completion of the new Observatory. On June 15, 1855, at 3 P.M , they were moved to the new ther- 
 mometer shed on the outside of the north wall of the tower. The projecting roof above, and Venetian 
 or rather Louvre shutters of the new shed are single and painted white, instead of being double and 
 green as in the old shed. 
 
 The interior length of the new shed, from east to west, is 13J feet, the distance of the northern 
 shutter from the northern wall of the Observatory 6 feet, and the height, exclusive of the slope of the 
 
INTRODUCTION. IX 
 
 roof, 9| feet. The shutters extend down to a distance of 2 feet from the ground. The thermometers 
 are attached to horizontal strips of wood extending east and west, their bulbs, which are perfectly 
 free, being 4^ feet from the ground, and 14 inches from the inside of the shutters. The shed is entered 
 by a door communicating with the interior of the building, but the thermometers can also be read 
 through a window by the aid of a telescope. 
 
 The self-registering thermometers, .for recording the extremes of temperature in the shade, are 
 attached to the same horizontal strip of wood with the standard and wet bulb thermometers. 
 
 The anemometer (Robinson's) prior to June 1854, was mounted over a temporary shed attached to 
 the N. W. corner of the old Observatory. The floor of this shed, its roof and the horizontal plane in 
 which the cups revolved were respectively 6 feet, 12 feet and 20 feet above the floor of the Obser- 
 vatory. 
 
 On June 26lh, 1854, the anemometer was moved to the top of a conical wooden tower standing 
 at a distance of about 20 feet N.W. .from the N. W. corner of the main building. This tower, originally 
 built for Osier's anemometer, was about 30 feet in height. The anemometer continued in operation in 
 this latter position from June 28th, 1854, till June llth, 1855, when it was mounted on the tower of the 
 new Observatory. The centres of the cups in the present position of the anemometer revolve in a hor- 
 izontal plane 4J feet above the balustrade. The clockwork and papers for recording the direction and 
 velocity of the wind are supported by a platform immediately under the .deck roof of the tower. 
 
 The Rain Gauge in use is simply a rectangular vessel with an aperture of 10 inches by 20 inches, 
 placed 7 feet above the ground, and communicating by a pipe with a receiver beneath. The volume 
 of water received is measured by a glass graduated to cubic inches and parts of an inch. 
 
 The frame supporting the rain gauge stands in the enclosure surrounding the Observatory, and at 
 a distance from other objects sufficient to secure it from the effect of eddy winds. 
 
 The barometer, standard thermometer and wet-bulb thermometer were read six times each day, 
 namely, at 6 A.M., 8 A.M., 2 P.M., 4 P.M., 10 P.M., and midnight, excepting on Sundays, Christmas Day, 
 and Good Friday, when these instruments were read at 6 A.M. and 2 P.M. only. These latter readings, 
 though recorded in the daily registers, are not included in the hourly means for those hours. From 
 the temperature of the air and of evaporation, the pressure of vapour and the relative humidity were 
 deduced by hygrornetric tables. Prior to the 1st January, 1858, KupfTer's hygrometric tables were in 
 use, but after that date the tables employed were those calculated by Professor Coffin, of Lafayette 
 College, Pennsylvania, from the more recent experiments of Regnault. 
 
 The differences between the barometric pressure and the pressure of vapour were recorded at 
 each observation, in conformity with ordinary usage, as the Pressure of Dry Air. 
 
 At the same six observalion hours, a record was also made of the direction and velocity of the 
 wind, with the general appearance of the sky, including the class, distribution, and motions of the 
 clouds. 
 
 The meteorological day having been regarded since the establishment of the Observatory as 
 beginning at 6 A.M., local civil time of the day of date, the custom was introduced in January,^ 1 856, 
 of reading and setting both the maximum and minimum self-registering thermometers at 6 A.M., 
 terminating the day of date, with the view of ascertaining the highest and lowest temperatures that 
 occurred within each successive space of twenty-four hours. 
 
x INTRODUCTION. 
 
 As the reading the minimum thermometer at 6 A.M., from the proximity of that hour to the time 
 of minimum temperature, necessarily led 1o the loss of many of the true minima, and to the record 
 as such of other lower temperatures which were in fact not true minima ; and since ihe aggregate of 
 the temperatures recorded as minima was consequently lower than the aggregate of the true minima, 
 the hour of reading the minimum thermometer was changed, January 1, 1858, from 6 A.M. to 2 P.M., 
 the temperature being recorded as the minimum of tne day that included the hour of reading. By 
 thus reading the minimum thermometer at an hour near to the ordinary time of maximum, no minimum 
 could be lost, excepting when the temperature at 2 P.M. was lower than any that had occurred during 
 the previous twenty-four hours. The maximum thermometer continued to be read as before, at 6 A.M., 
 the temperature that it indicated being recorded as the maximum of the twenty-four hours just ter- 
 minated. 
 
 From Robinson's Anemometer a record was made of the general direction of the wind during 
 each hour of every day (Sundays and other holidays included), and the mean velocity or number of 
 miles travelled by the wind during the same hour, the space of each hour being designated by the 
 hour with which it commenced. For each of the six observation hours, the instantaneous direction 
 and approximate velocity at the hour was also recorded, such velocity being the number of miles 
 travelled by the wind during the half hour preceding and the half hour following the hour of obser- 
 vation. 
 
 The resultant direction an'd resultant velocity for any day or other group of consecutive hours, or 
 for a group consisting of like hours on different days, were calculated from the directions and velo- 
 cities in the several hours composing the group by the formulae 
 
 2 (Vsin 0) _ _ S (Vcos fl) 
 ^ = 2 (Vcos*)' V = cos 8 
 
 Where 6 represents the angular distance to the right of north of the point from which the wind 
 blew during the hour, V the corresponding velocity, 6 and V the values of 6 and V corresponding to 
 the resultant, and n the number "of hours in the group under consideration. 
 
 The depth of the rain or snow recorded as having fallen during any day was measured at 9 A.M. 
 of the following day, prior to January 1, 1856 ; but after that date the time was changed to 6 A.M., the 
 termination of the meteorological day as regards the other elements. 
 
 In the general monthly abstracts in pp. 2 to 73, the numbers given in the six columns headed 
 " da ili) means " are the daily averages of the observations made at the six observation hours, and are 
 uncorrecled for diurnal variation. The resultant directions and velocities and the mean velocities of 
 the wind are derived from the twenty-four hourly directions and velocities. 
 
 The numbers at the bases of the columns of daily means, as well as those of the mean velocity 
 of the wind, and of the extremes of temperature , are the averages of the numbers under which they 
 stand, Sundays being excluded only in the first six columns. Under the columns containing the <Iaily 
 resultant directions and resultant velocities of the wind are entered the monthly resultant directions and 
 velocities ; and under the columns for the rain and snow are entered the sums of the numbers which 
 those columns respectively contain. In the rain or snow columns, the occurrence of a star (*) indicates 
 that the amount was inappreciable, or the duration less than half an hour. Where rain and melted 
 enow are combined, ten inches of snow are reckoned as equivalent to one inch of rain. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 REMARKS ON THE TABLES. 
 
 The normals to which reference is made in the temperature tables (Tables I. to XVIII.) are the 
 normal temperatures proper to Toronto in its actual circumstances, and not those proper to the parallel 
 of latitude on which Toronto stands. They have been deduced from the table of twenty-four-hour 
 daily means (a) givea by General Sabine in his paper on " the periodic and non-periodic variations of 
 temperature at Toronto," by applying the diurnal variations (6) contained (though with contrary signs) 
 in a table given in the same paper. 
 
 The normals thus computed have been tabulated, and are kept as standards to which the actual 
 temperatures are referred ; the abnormal variations, with their proper signs, being entered in the daily 
 register side by side with each observed temperature. 
 
 Table I. gives the monthly means of the temperature of the air at each of the six observation hours 
 in the years 1854 to 1859 inclusive. The numbers in the last column on the right are the means of the 
 numbers in the six preceding columns, and are uncorrected for diurnal variation. 
 
 The final columns for the several months in Table I. are exhibited at one view in Table II., which 
 contains the monthly and annual means of temperature, furnished by six daily observations, in each of 
 the years 1854 to 1859 inclusive, as well as for the period consisting of the same six years. 
 
 In Table III. the monthly means of temperature given by Table II. are compared with the corres- 
 ponding normal means, namely, those derived from the normals proper to the six observation hours. It 
 will be seen that on the average of the six years the temperatures have been in excess of the normals in 
 the summer and autumn months, and in defect throughout the winter and spring, the mean of the whole 
 year being 0.36 in defect. 
 
 The numbers at the foot of each of the several monthly parts of Table I. are collected in Table IV. 
 which shews, on the average of the six years, 1854 to 1859, the monthly means of temperature for each 
 month, at each of the six observation hours. 
 
 In Table V. the hourly means in Table IV. are compared with the corresponding normals. 
 
 The extent of the oscillations of temperature above and below the normals proper to the day and 
 hour are shewn by Table VI. which contains the average abnormal variations or digressions of tem- 
 perature, without regard to sign, for every month and for the mean of the twelve months in each of the 
 six years of observation. From the final column we learn, that taking one month with another, the tem- 
 perature on the average of the whole series made oscillations to the extent of 6. 7 above or below the nor- 
 mal proper to the time of observation, and that their mean amplitudes in different years never differed 
 by more than 0~.5 from the average (6. 7). The progression from month to month in the monthly 
 mean digressions is not perfectly continuous, but the general character of the annual period is shewn 
 by the quarterly averages of the six-year means at the foot of the table, which are 6 e .2 in spring, 5". 2 
 in summer , 5. 9 in autumn, and 9. 4 in winter. 
 
 In Table VII. a comparison is made for each month between the abnormal digressions of tempera- 
 ture, without regard to sign, at each of the six observation hours. 
 
 (a) Philosophical Transactions for 1858, pp. 154-159. 
 (.6) '< " pp. 145, 146. 
 
xii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 If the annual means alone be regarded, there is nothing to warrant the belief that one hour is, to 
 any great extent, more subject than another to thermic disturbances ; but if the numbers in the columns 
 for 10h., 12h., 18h. and 20h. be compared with those for 2h. and 4h., it will be seen that in the six 
 winter months (October to March ) the former group are in nearly every case, number for number, greater 
 than the latter group, and that exactly the reverse takes place in the other six months. The winter half- 
 yearly means are in every case greater, and the summer half-yearly means less at each of the hours, 
 10h., 12h., 18h. and 20h. than at 2h. and 4h.. The half-yearly means for the two groups, each taken 
 collectively, are as follows : 
 
 At 10h., 12h., 18h. and 20h., winter half-year, 8. 25 : summer, 5 l '.13 ; 
 " 2h. and 4h., " " 7.48 ; 5. 90; 
 
 From this it appears that in the winter half-year there is on the average a greater steadiness of tempera- 
 ture at 2h. and at 4h. than at the other observation hours, and also that this is reversed in the summer 
 half-year, the greater steadiness of the temperature being then at the hours of the night and morning. 
 
 The mean abnormal digressions, while they shew the extent of the temperature oscillations, do not 
 afford any measure of their duration, nor do they indicate whether the temperature passes gradually or 
 suddenly from one abnormal condition to another. 
 
 The rate per day at which the temperature changes, irrespective of diurnal and annual variation, 
 will be found by taking the algebraical differences between the abnormal digressions at the same hour of 
 consecutive days. These differences being taken for 2 P.M., their monthly averages without regard to 
 sign have been collected in Table VIII. From inspecting the table it will be seen that one day with 
 another through the year, the average difference in the temperature at 2 P.M. on consecutive days was 
 5. 83 ; the maximum 7. 38 occurring in January, and the minimum 4. 73 in August ; while the 
 quarterly means were 7. 17 for winter, 5. 70 for spring, 5^.24 for summer, and 5.21 for autumn.* 
 
 The ratios at the foot of the table, which express the means of each month in terms of the mean 
 for the year, exhibit the comparative changeableness of temperature in the different months. 
 
 In Table VIII. no distinction is made between the increasing and the decreasing changes of tem- 
 perature, and it does not appear whether the changes of one sign are numerous and of small magnitude 
 and those of the opposite sign few and abrupt, or whether the changes in either direction are on the 
 average equal in number and magnitude. These points are considered in Table IX. The numbers 
 in the first line are each obtained by dividing 100 times the number of all the increasing changes that 
 occured in the group of months of the same name by the total number of changes in the same group of 
 months. The numbers in the third line are the quotients arising from the division of the sum of all the 
 increasing changes in the group of months of the same name by the number of increasing changes. 
 The numbers in the fifth line are derived in an analogous manner. It appears from the table that in 
 eight months in the year there is a preponderance in the number of increasing changes of temperature, 
 the mean percentage in the year being 54, that the average value of an increasing change is 5 U .44, and 
 
 * The differences were subsequently taken between the temperatures at 6 A.M. on consecutive days, for the purpose of forming 
 Tablet XIV. to XVI., in which the differences are connected with the daily resultant winds. The quarterly and annual means thence 
 derived are 9".41 for the winter, 5.31 for the spring, 8.90 for the summer, 6.76 for the autumn, and 6.8B for the year. 
 
 The fact stated with reference to Table VII., namely, that the temperature at 2 P.M. is systematically more irregular in summer 
 and less irregular in winter than at 6 A.M., will explain why the summer mean is less and the winter mean greater when the differ- 
 ences are taken between 6 A.M. That the annual mean is also greater in the latter coie is owing to the circumstance that the tem- 
 perature at 6 A.K U more irregular on the average of the year than at P.M. 
 
INTRODUCTION. xiii 
 
 of a decreasing change 6.34. For the different seasons the average percentage of the numbers of 
 increasing changes of temperature, and the average values* of the changes are as follows : 
 
 
 Percentage. 
 51 
 
 Average 
 Increase. 
 
 6.95 
 
 Average 
 Decrease. 
 
 7.49 
 
 
 65 
 
 5.16 
 
 6.38 
 
 
 55 
 
 4.73 
 
 5.87 
 
 
 54 
 
 4.92 
 
 5.61 
 
 Hence it appears that the descending changes of temperature are systematically more sudden at all 
 seasons than the ascending changes. 
 
 In Table X. the abnormal variations of the temperature with their proper signs are arranged 
 according to the different directions of the wind at the six ordinary hours of observation. Regarding 
 each point in the table as including an angular space of 11 15' on each side of it, it appears that the 
 temperature was above or below the normal at the time of observation, according as the wind blew from 
 a point lying to the south or to the north of a line drawn from N.E. b E. to S.W. b W. The greatest 
 depression of temperature 3. 58, accompanied a wind from N.N.W., and the greatest elevation 3. 61 
 occurred with a S.S.W. wind, giving a range of 7. 19. 
 
 In Table X. the dependence of the actual temperature on the actual direction of the wind is con- 
 sidered, but no regard has been had to the duration of the wind in its actual direction, cases being 
 embraced in which the wind had just begun to blow from a given direction, as well as those in which 
 it was about to shift. If it be admitted that in the long run the epoch of observation may be considered 
 as occurring at the middle of the space of time in which the proposed wind was blowing, the 
 mean observed effect on the temperature, corresponding to a given direction, will be a combination of the 
 effect due to the actual wind during half the time of its action, and that due to the preceding winds. 
 To escape from the difficulty which these considerations involve, instead of employing as a standard 
 of reference the normal temperature of the day and hour,which includes the joint effect of all the winds, 
 it would seem better to refer the actual temperature to that which existed when the actual wind began 
 to blow. Where hourly observations both of temperature and of wind are recorded, the question might 
 be investigated, though with some labour, as to the rate of change per hour in the temperature effected 
 by a given wind ; but in the absence of hourly observations of temperature, the effect of a certain wind 
 may be approximately known by arranging the changes of temperature after consecutive intervals of 
 twenty-four hours, according to the resultant direction of the wind during the interval. The resultant 
 direction of the wind having been computed at Toronto for every day, commencing and ending at 6 
 A.M., at which hour the temperature is recorded every day, Sunday included, the differences between 
 the temperatures at 6 A.M. on consecutive days throughout the series 1854 to 1859 have'been arranged 
 in separate months, and in eight groups corresponding to the eight principal points of the compass, each 
 difference or change of temperature being placed in the group most nearly corresponding to the resul- 
 tant direction of the wind during the day in which the change occurred. The algebraical sum of the 
 changes of temperature that accompanied a given resultant wind during a group of months of the same 
 name, being divided by the number of times that this resultant wind occurred in the same month, the 
 quotient will be the number in Table XI. corresponding to that month and wind. 
 
 The quarterly averages are found independently of the separate months, by dividing the quarterly earns of the increasing or 
 decreasing changes by the corresponding numbers. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 In tracing the connection between a change in the value of any meteorological element and the 
 direction of the wind during the interval of time in which the change occurred, the practice of refer- 
 ring the change to the resultant wind is admissible, provided that the direction undergoes no great 
 change during the interval ; but if the change of the wind's direction be great, the resultant computed 
 in the ordinary way, although geometrically equivalent to the several component winds, in the direc- 
 tion with which they reach the anemometer, may possibly be far from equivalent in physical effect, 
 and should it be from a direction for which the resultants are comparatively few, errors may thus be 
 introduced sufficient possibly to disguise the true character of the relation sought, unless the errors be 
 subdivided and thus rendered inappreciable by the combination of a series of sufficient length. From 
 these considerations, the results arrived at, where the .series, as in the present instance, comprises only 
 six years, will possibly demand modification when combined with the observations of future years, 
 and particularly with regard to the conclusions relative to single months. 
 
 it will be seen on examining Table XI. that in every month with a resultant wind from N., N.W. 
 and W. the temperature was lowered ; in every month with a resultant wind from S.W., S., S.E. and 
 E. the temperature was raised ; and that with a resultant wind from N.E. the temperature was raised 
 in some months and depressed in others, the collective effect in the whole year being a rise of temp- 
 erature with a resultant wind from the N.E. Taking the average of the year, with the wind from 
 any point between N.E. through East and South to S.W. inclusive the temperature was raised, and with 
 the wind from any point between West and North both inclusive the temperature was lowered. 
 The S.E. wind accompanied the greatest rise, and the N.W. wind the greatest depression, the 
 opposite effects being nearly equal, and the range 9.l. 
 
 The greatest ascent of temperature occurred with the S.E. wind in seven months; but in Jannary, 
 March, July, November and December, a south wind corresponded to the greatest rise. The greatest 
 depression of temperature occurred with a N.W. wind in all months but March, when the most cold 
 producing wind was from the west, and August and October, when the North wind accompanied the 
 greatest depression. 
 
 Table XII. gives for each resultant direction for each month and for each year, the number of 
 days that an increase of temperature occured out of a hundred days, in which the resultant wind was 
 from the same direction in the same month. 
 
 Cases of a rise of temperature exceed the number of falls with the resultant wind from N.E., E. 
 SE., S., and S.W., in all months, with three exceptions for N.E. and one exception for each of the 
 points East, South and S.W. 
 
 The temperature fell more frequently than it rose in all months wilh the resultant wind from W. 
 N.W. and N. Taking the year round, the number of cases in which the ttmperature rose exceeeded 
 those in which il fell, with the wind from N.E., E., S.E., S.,and S.W., the mean percentage being 69, 
 while with the wind from W., N.W. and N.,the number of increasing changes fell short of the depres- 
 sions, the mean percentage being 34. 
 
 In i able XIII. we have for each month and for the year the relative amount of the ascending 
 change of temperature with each wind, as compared with the whole amount of ascending and descend- 
 ing changes with the same wind. 
 
 In Table XIV. are given, for each month and for the year, the means (without regard to sign) of 
 the changes of temperature in twenty-four hours that accompany different resultant winds. The 
 
INTBODTJCTIOX. XY 
 
 numbers in the final column are not the arithmetic means of those in the preceding columns, as they 
 would be if the wind blew an equal number of times in all months, but are obtained by dividing the 
 aggregate amount of all the changes, without regard to sign, for the corresponding wind, by the number 
 of times that that wind occurred. The numbers at the foot of the table are the arithmetic means* of 
 the numbers in the columns under which they stand. 
 
 In Table XV. the effects of different winds in the same month are compared by aid of the ratios of 
 the numbers in table XIV. to the arithmetic means over which they severally stand. For Ihe most part 
 the South wind would seem to be most productive of change in the colder months, and the N.W. wind in 
 the summer months, while for the whole year the effects of the cold winds seem to be greater, and 
 those of the warm winds less than the average effect of all winds. 
 
 In Table XVI. the effects of the same wind in different months are compared. It has been already 
 seen from Table VIII. th;it the average change of temperature in twenty-four hours, irrespective of the 
 direction of the wind, is least in the warmer months and greatest in the colder months. Table XVI. 
 shews that this holds also for each wind taken separately, the greatest contrasts between the effects in 
 cold and hot months being those presented by the north and south winds, the effect produced by the 
 north wind* in Jauu-iry being more than four times its effect in July, and the effect of the south wind 
 in January and December being at least five times that produced in June.f 
 
 Table XVII. gives the monthly means of the daily maxima, minima, ;md ranges of temperature, 
 and Table XVIII. the absolute maxima, minima, and ranges for each month and for the year, in each 
 of the years 1854 to 1859, <md on the average of the six years. 
 
 BAROMETRIC TABLES. 
 
 The means or approximate normals employed as standards of comparison in the barometric tables 
 (Tables XIX. to XXXV. inclusive), are the hourly means in each month, derived from the observations 
 of seven years for the first nine months, and from the observations of six years forthe rest of the year. 
 
 Table XIX. gives the monthly means of the height of the barometer, corrected to temp. 32 
 Fahrenheit, at each of the six observation hours in the years 1854 to 1859. The numbers in the last 
 column are simply the monthly six-hour means, or the means of the numbers in the six preceding 
 columns. 
 
 The final columns for the sevei al months in Table XIX. are exhibited in one view in Table XX.' 
 which contains the monthly and annual means of barometric pressure furnished by six daily observations 
 in each of the years 1854 to 1859, as well as for the period consisting of the same six years. 
 
 In Table XXI. the monthly means of the barometer given by Table XX. are compared with the cor- 
 responding approximate normal means. 
 
 The numbers at the foot of each of the several monthly parts of Table XIX. are collected in Table 
 XXII. which shews, on the average of the six years, the monthly means of barometric pressure, for 
 each month, at each of the six observation hours. 
 
 * These means are of course not the same as those from which the quarterly averages are derived, that are given in the foot note 
 to the remarks on Table VIII. 
 
 f T.iblos XIV. to XVI. were formed for the purpose of tracing the connection (should such connection exist) between the resul- 
 tant directions of the win! and theraioTiHric movements generally, without reference to the directions or signs of those^movements. 
 As the computations were made, the tables have been given, though the results do not indicate anything very definite. A combina- 
 tion with a few additional years, might possibly lead to more satisfactory conclusions. 
 
INTKODUCTION. 
 
 In Table XXIII. the hourly means in Table XXII. are compared with the corresponding assumed 
 normals. 
 
 Table XXIV. is designed to shew the monthly averages of the extent of the barometric abnormal 
 oscillations. The numbers whose averages are tabulated are the differences between the actual heights 
 of the barometer and the assumed normal heights proper to the month and hour. 
 
 The annual distribution of these mean abnormal variations of the barometer resembles in its gen- 
 eral character the corresponding distribution in the abnormal variations of temperature. The maximum 
 is 0.249 in January, the minimum 0.119 in August, and the mean 0.183. The quarterly means of 
 the abnormal digressions are 0.230 for the winter, 0.190 for the spring, 0.122 for the summer, and 
 O.J91 for the autumn. 
 
 Table XXV. shews the distribution of the abnormal variations of the barometer at the different 
 hours. The diurnal progression, unlike that shewn in the corresponding table for temperature, is well 
 marked on the average of the twelve months. The greatest digression, which took place at 8 A.M. on 
 the average of the year, maintained the same hour in every month but February and December. The 
 minimum digression occurred on the average of the year at 10 P.M., and at either 10 P.M. or midnight in 
 every month but November, when it took place at 4 P.M. 
 
 The numbers in Table XXVI. are obtained by dividing the monthly sums of the differences 
 between the corrected readings of the barometer at 2 P.M. on consecutive days by the number of the 
 days in the month. The average change in the whole year was 0-195, the maximum, 0-232, being in 
 December, and the minimum, 0-123, in July; while the quarterly means were 0-267 for winter, 0-210 
 for spring, 0-125 for summer, and 0-182 for autumn.* The ratios at the foot of the table exhibit the 
 relative rate of the diurnal change in the barometer in the different months. 
 
 From Table XXVII. it is seen lh.it on the whole the barometric pressure passed from one condition 
 to another by gradations, of which those in which the pressure increased are nearly equal in number 
 and magnitude to those in which the pressure diminished, the average magnitudes of the ascending 
 and descending changes being respectively 0-194 and 0-197. 
 
 Table XXVIII. gives the mean abnormal variations of the barometer, with their proper signs, 
 arranged according to the actual direction of the wind at the six ordinary observation hours. According 
 to the table the barometer was above the normal when the wind was blowing from any point between 
 east and south, both inclusive, and below the normal with the wind from any point between S.S.W. 
 through west to N.W. 
 
 The change in the state of the barometer dependent on the direction of the wind has been sought 
 by a method similar to that employed in the temperature tables, namely, by collecting in Table XIX. 
 the monthly and yearly means of the differences between the corrected readings of the barometer at 6 
 A.M. of consecutive days, arranged according to the resultant direction of the wind. 
 
 From this table we learn that the barometer rose during the twenty-four hours when the resultant 
 wind Wi<s from West, N.W. and North, in all months ; that it fell with a wind from N.E., E., S.E. and 
 S. in all months, and that with a wind from S.W. it rose in some months and fell in others. Taking 
 
 The quarterly means given in the text are nearly identical with those obtained from the differences taken between 8 A.M. and 
 8 AM. on consecutive days, namely, 0'289 for winter, 0-211 for spring, 0-121 for summer, 0-189 for autumn, and 0-198 for the whole 
 rear. In connection with this subject, it may be noticed that the annual mean abnormal variations given in Table XXV. for 6 AJI. 
 and 2 r.m. are nearly identical. 
 
INTBODUCTION. 
 
 the year collectively, the barometer rose with a wind from W., N.Wand N., and*fell with a wind 
 from N.E., E., S.E., S.,and S.W. 
 
 From Table XXX. it appears that a rise of the barometerwas more frequent than a fall in all months 
 with a resultant wind from W., N. W.,and N., that a fall was more frequent than a rise in all months with 
 n wind from E., S.E.,and S., and that witli a wind from N.E. and S.W. the number of ascents of the 
 barometer exceeded the number of descents in some months and fell short of it in others, the number of 
 months in which the number of descents preponderated being greater in both cases than the number of 
 months in which the number of ascents preponderated. Taking the year collectively the barometer rose 
 more frequently than it fell with a resultant wind from W., N.W.,and N., and it fell more frequently 
 than it rose with a resultant wind from N.E., E., S.E., S.,and S.W., the mean percentage in the num- 
 ber of ascents being 78 for the first group of winds and 27 for the latter group. 
 
 In Table XXXI. a comparison is made between the amounts of the ascending and of the descend- 
 ing changes of the barometric pressure corresponding to the different resultant winds. The joint 
 amount of the change of both signs for each wind and month being represented by 100, the number In 
 this table will of course exceed or fall short of 50, according as the signs in Table XXIX. are positive 
 or negative.* 
 
 Table XXXII. gives for each month and for the year the mean changes in the height of the bar- 
 ometer, irrespective of sign, between 6 A.M. and 6 A.M. on consecutive days, arranged according to the 
 resultant direction of the wind. 
 
 In Table XXXIII. the relative influence of each of the several winds is compared for each month 
 separately, as well as for the year, by expressing the numbers in Table XXXII. in terms of the monthly 
 and annual arithmetic means for all winds. Taking the year collectively, it will be found that the 
 N. W., S.E. and E. winds were most productive of barometric change, and that the least change accom- 
 panied the South wind. The greatest change corresponded to the N.W. wind in May, June, July, and 
 October, and to either the E. or S.E. winds in the other months. The least change corresponded to 
 either the South or S.W. winds in seven months, and to other winds in the remaining five months. 
 
 In Table XXXIV. a comparison is made of the relative influence of the same wind in different 
 months, by expressing the twelve monthly numbers for each wind in Table XXXII. in terms of the 
 arithmetic means of the same monthly numbers. The table shews that for each wind separately, as 
 well as for all winds collectively, (as shewn by Table XXVI.) the minimum change of barometric pres- 
 sure in twenty-four hours took place in one of the cold months, occurring in January for four directions 
 in December for two directions, in February for one, and in March for one. For each wind also, the 
 minimum change of barometer occurred in June or July, excepting that the minimum for the N.E. wind 
 was approximately the same in October as it was in July, f 
 
 Table XXXV. gives the highest and lowest readings of the barometer recorded each month in the 
 several years 1854 to 1859, and their differences or the monthly ranges. The final column in the table 
 of ranges gives the difference between the highest and lowest readings in each year. On the average 
 of the six years, the greatest monthly range occurred in December and the least in July. The mean 
 monthly range for all months was 1.035, being 0.793 for the six months, April to September, and 
 1.277 for the remaining six months. 
 
 * In January and August, although the number of ascending changes that accompanied a S.E. wind were respectively .20 and 
 .08 of the number of all the changes in these months for the S.E. wind, the amounts of increasing changes were in each case less 
 than .006 of the whole change, and are therefore represented as (0) in Table XXXI. 
 
 t See note to remarks on Tables XIV. to XVL 
 
 C 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 The monthly and annual means at each observation hour for the separate years, 1854 to 1859, and 
 for the period embracing these years, are given in Tables XXXVI. to XLVII. inclusive, for the follow- 
 ing elements, namely, pressure of dry air, pressure of vapour, relative humidity and extent of sky 
 clouded. 
 
 From Table XLVI. it appears that 0.59 was the average amount of cloudiness in the year, Decem- 
 ber and August being, respectively, the most cloudy and the least cloudy months. 
 
 Table XLVII. shews that, among the six observation hours, 2 P.M., on the average of the year, was 
 the most cloudy hour, and midnight the hour most free from clouds. 
 
 In Table XLVIII. the numbers expressing the extent of sky clouded are classified according to 
 the sixteen principal directions of the wind. If the sixteen points be arranged in four groups, each 
 embracing four contiguous points, and the mean cloudiness for each point be treated as though it were 
 of equal weight, it appears that the means of cloudiness during winds from directions included within the 
 four quadrants, with their respective differences from the general mean, 0.59, were as follows : 
 
 Centres of groups, N.E.b.E. S.E.b S. S.W.b.W. N.W.b.N. 
 
 0.72 0.54 0.61 0.51 
 
 +0.13 0.05 +0.02 0.08 
 
 From this we gather that the sky was most cloudy on the average during winds from N.E.b.E., and most 
 clear with winds from N.W.b.N., and that there was a second maximum for winds from S.W.b.W. 
 and a second minimum for winds trom S.E.b S. 
 
 In forming Tables XLIX. and L , that give a comparative view of the annual and diurnal varia- 
 tions of certain meteorological elements, as derived from the series 1842-48, and from the series 1854-59, 
 the monthly and annual means of temperature as given by six daily observations have been reduced 
 to the twenty-four-hour means by applying corrections derived from the table on pp. cxxvi-vii. of the 
 introduction to the second volume of the Toronto observations. The independence of the annual varia- 
 tions of temperature for 1854-59 will therefore be affected to the extent of the differences between the 
 monthly and annual values of these correction differences which in no case exceed 0.ll. 
 
 The independence of the diurnal variations of temperature for 1854-59 will be affected by the 
 annual mean value of the correction, a quantity amounting only to 0.02. 
 
 RESULTANT DIRECTIONS OF THE WIND IN THE DIFFERENT MONTHS. 
 
 The comparison of the monthly resultants derived from the period 1854 to 1859, and given in Table 
 LI., shews that the general direction of the atmospheric current is considerably more from the west- 
 ward in the winter than in the summer months, the monthly resultants oscillating about N. 43 W. 
 from April to September, inclusive, and about N. 72" W. during the remaining six months. 
 
 There is a much nearer approach to uniformity of direction in the different years for some months 
 than for others ; thus taking the angular difference between a monthly partial resultant on a particular 
 year, and the corresponding monthly resultant for the six years, as a rough measure of the irregularity 
 of the partial resultant, it is found that the averages of these differences are 7 for January, and about 
 75 for June and July. The quarterly averages of the differences are, for winter (commencing Decem- 
 ber 1st) 20, for summer 53, for spring 29, and for autumn 27 ; their half-yearly averages being 46 
 from April to September, and 1 9 during the rest of the year. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 RESULTANT TELOCITIES AND MEAN VELOCITIES IN THE DIFFERENT MONTHS. 
 
 The resultant velocities and mean velocities have each their maximum in March and their mini- 
 mum in July. The change from month to month is regular in both, with the exception of a small inter- 
 ruption of continuity in August and another in December. 
 
 RESULTANT DIRECTIONS OF THE WIND IN THE DIFFERENT HOURS. 
 
 Confining our attention in the first instance to the annual resultants given in Table LII. we find 
 that during the hour commencing noon the resultant wind is from N. 103 W. its extreme distance left 
 of North. From this point at which the wind is nearly steady during the three hours commencing at 
 noon, it draws round towards the north regularly and continuously till it makes its nearest approach to 
 the North (N. 39 W.) at 5 A.M. About this point it remains nearly steady from midnight to 7 A.M. 
 and then rapidly recedes again to the westward. 
 
 The extreme recession of the resultant direction from the north takes place during the first three 
 hours after noon in all months excepting November, when it occurs between 11 A.M. and noon, and 
 in December, when it is between 3 P.M. and 5 P.M. It occurs in May between 1 P.M. and 2 P.M., but 
 in a contrary direction to that of all olher months, being 108 to the east of north. 
 
 The hours of nearest approach to the north are not so well marked, and are included within wider 
 limits. In most months they are found between midnight and sunrise, but in May, June, and Nov- 
 ember, they occur in the early part of the night. The angular diurnal range in the direction of the 
 resultant is 180 in July (its maximum), and 15" in November (its minimum). The quarterly averages 
 of the diurnal ranges are 25 from December to February, 85 from March to May, 152* from June to 
 August, and 65 from September to November. The half yearly averages are 135 from April to 
 September, and 29 from October to March. 
 
 MEAN RESULTANT VELOCITIES OF WIND IN THE DIFFERENT HOURS. 
 
 By Table LIII. it is seen that the maximum resultant velocity for the whole year occurs during 
 the hour commencing 1 P.M., and the minimum during the two hours between 4 A.M. and 6 A.M ; the 
 progression being continuous from the maximum to the minimum and to the maximum again, if the 
 second place of decimals be disregarded. 
 
 The maximum takes place in one of the three hours commencing noon in every month but 
 April and May, when it is found in the hours commencing respectively at 9 P.M. and 7 A.M. The 
 hours of minimum are not well marked ; and in July, August, and September there is a double pro- 
 gression. 
 
 MEAN VELOCITY OF THE WIND IN THE DIFFERENT HOURS. 
 
 On the average of the year as shewn in Table LIV. the maximum velocity is from 1 P.M. to 2 PM. 
 and the minimum from 1 A.M. to 2 A.M. The maximum occurs in every month during one of the four 
 hours commencing noon, and the minimum in most months within three hours of midnight, a promi- 
 nent exception being December, when the minimum is at 7 A.M. 
 
 MEAN VELOCITIES OF THE WIND IN DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS. 
 
 From Table LV., which includes only winds at the six observation hours, we learn that the wind 
 has a maximum velocity of 10-90 miles per hour when it blows from N.W., and a minimum velocity 
 
XX INTRODUCTION. 
 
 of 5-22 miles per hour when it blows from S.E. There is an interruption to the continuity of the pro- 
 gression amounting to a second minimum at about N.N.E., and a second maximum at about E.N.E. 
 
 ANNUAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE DIFFERENT WINDS WITH RESPECT TO DURATION. 
 
 The results given in Table LI. to LIV. depend on the velocities as well as on the durations of the 
 different winds, and as the average velocities in some directions are much greater than in others, these 
 tables convey but indirect information as to the comparative prevalence of the different winds with re- 
 ipect to their duration. Tables LVI. to LIX., which are given to supply this want, were computed in 
 the following manner : From the monthly abstracts which give the direction of the wind during each 
 hour of each day, tables were formed for each month in the seven years 1853 to 1859, containing the 
 number of times during like hours that the wind blew from the sixteen principal points, as well as the 
 number of absolute calms in each group of like hours. By combining these tables the two following 
 auxiliary tables were then prepared. 
 
 Table A giving the absolute duration in hours of the different winds and of the calms for the 
 everal months, each month embracing the observations of seven years. 
 
 Table B. giving the absolute duration of the different winds and calms for each of the* twenty-four 
 hours, each hour including all the winds recorded for that hour in the seven years. 
 
 Table LVI is derived from table (A) by expressing the absolute durations of each wind in each 
 month and in the year, in terms of the monthly and annual mean durations for all winds. It is de- 
 aigned to give, for each month separately, and for the year collectively, a comparative view of the 
 durations of the different winds. 
 
 It appears from this table that winds from between S.S.W., through West to North, have a more 
 than average duration as compared with other winds, taking the whole year collectively ; but it is 
 only those from N.N.W. that have a duration exceeding the average in each separate month. 
 
 Winds from E.N.E. and E. are above the average on the whole year as well as in each separate 
 month, but December, January, February, and August. The North wind is above the average on the 
 whole year and is above the average in some months and below it in others, but without any per- 
 ceptible annual period. 
 
 The South wind is below the average on the whole year collectively, and in each separate month 
 but May, June, July, and August. 
 
 The wind of maximum duration for the whole year collectively is N.N.W., and the wind of 
 minimum duration S.E., with a second maximum at East and a second minimum at N.N.E. 
 
 The principal maximum is found at some point between W.S.W. and N.N.W. in seven months; 
 but in April, May, and June, East winds are the most frequent, and in July and September the most 
 frequent wind is from S.S.W. 
 
 The wind of least duration is from S.E., S.S.E. or South in seven months ; but in May, July, 
 August and September! the least frequent wind is from W.S.W., and in June it is from N.N.E. 
 
 The ipace of the hoar baa been always designated by the point of time with which it corumoncea, thus, the winds for noon 
 we those between noon and 1 P.M. 
 
 t la September the duration of the E.S.E. wind u nearly identical with that of the W.S.W. wind. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 In Table LVII. the durations of the same wind in different months are compared. As the months 
 are of different lengths, instead of comparing the absolute durations, which for the longer months would 
 be unduly great, this table is obtained by expressing the numbers of table LVI. in terms of the annual 
 arithmetic means for the several winds. 
 
 The change in duration from month to month, exhibited by this table, is for most winds very 
 irregular, the only instance of a distinct period being in the case of the South wind, which decreases 
 in duration regularly from its maximum in June to its minimum in December ; the maximum being to 
 the minimum nearly in the ratio of 8 to 1. 
 
 If N 3 be taken to denote the ratio which the duration of the winds, from the three points .V.N.W., 
 North, and N.N.E. in the six winter months (October to March), beais to the duration of the winds 
 from the same points in the summer half year, and N 7 the corresponding ratio when the winds from 
 North are associated with those from the three points on either side of it, from W.N.W. to E.N.E ; 
 the ratio for the analogous combinations about the three other cardinal points being represented by S 3 , 
 S r , E 3 , E\, W 3 , W 7 ; it will be found that 
 
 N 3 =0-91; S 3 =0-49; E 3 = 0-65 ; W 3 = 2-24 
 N 7 = 1-01 ; S 7 = 0-91 ; E 7 = 0-70; W 7 = 1-39 
 
 Again if the durations of the winds in the Northern and in the Western groups be compared with 
 
 (N\ 
 - I be employed to denote the ratio whose first term 
 k/3 
 
 is the duration of the winds from the three points about North, the ratios between other groups being 
 expressed in an analogous manner ; we have 
 
 (5). "' GO; = '" GO. - 2 : 18; GO, - " 
 
 In Summer = 1-04; ==1-22; =0-63; =1-13 
 
 Year = 1-34 =1-30 =1-25 =1-59 
 
 DIURNAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE DIFFERENT WINDS WITH RESPECT TO DURATION. 
 
 The comparative duration, for each hour, of the sixteen winds and the calms are obtained by 
 dividing the absolute duration of each wind in the hour by the average duration of all winds, including 
 calms, in the same hour. From Table LVIII., in which the results are given, the following facts 
 may be gathered. 
 
 I. The durations of the winds from W.S.W. to N.N.W. inclusive, for each hour separately as well 
 as for all hours collectively, are above the average duration of all winds. 
 
 II. The durations of winds from E. and E.N.E., taking the twenty-four hours collectively, are above 
 the average ; and one or other or both of these winds are above the average at all hours, excepting 
 from 2 A.M. to 3 A.M. 
 
 III. The durations of the North winds are above the average for the whole day collectively and have a 
 marked diurnal period, their duration being above the average duration of all winds from 9 P.M. to 
 
 9 A.M., and below the average from 9 A.M. to 9 P.M. 
 
 IV. The South winds have a duration less than the average, taking one hour with another, and they 
 also have a diurnal period, their durations being above the average duration of all winds from 
 
 10 A.M. to 6 P.M., and below the average during the rest of the twenty-four hours. 
 
INTBODTJCTION. 
 
 The principal maximum occurs with the wind from S.S.W. from 11 A.M. to 4 P.M., that is to say, 
 during a portion of the time when the duration of the South wind is above the average, and it occurs 
 with the N.N.W. and North wind mostly at the hours when the duration of the North wind is above 
 the average ; a second maximum vibrating from East to E.N.E. during the whole of the day and 
 night. From 9 A.M. to 11 A.M. and from 4 P.M. to 7 P.M., namely, wheu the North and South winds 
 respectively are near their average as compared with other winds, and when the winds in the N.W. 
 quadrant are more equally distributed among its several points, the easterly or second maximum 
 surpasses in value the westerly or principal maximum. 
 
 The character of the diurnal periodicity of the different winds is better seen by Table LIX., in 
 which the duration of each wind at each hour is expressed in terms of the average duration of that 
 wind in the twenty-four hours. 
 
 If the columns corresponding to the four cardinal points be examined, it is found that the West 
 wind during the night is mostly above the twenty-four-hour average, and below the averag* during 
 several hours of the day ; but the range is small, the maximum being to the minimum in the ratio of 
 1.36 to 1. 
 
 The East wind from 8 A.M. to 9 P.M. is above the average of twenty-four hours for that wind, and 
 is below the average from 9 p M. to 8 A.M. ; its diurnal range, or the ratio of the maximum to the mini- 
 mum being 2.40 to 1. 
 
 The North wind is above the average from 10 P.M. to 9 A.M., and below the average from 9 P.M. to 
 to 10 P.M., the range being 3.44 to 1. 
 
 The South wind is above the average from 10 A.M. to 7 P.M., and below it from 7 P.M. to 10 A.M., 
 and its range is 4.82 to 1. 
 
 Calms occur eight times as often between midnight and 1 A.M. as they do between 1 P.M. and 
 2 P.M. The hours of maximum and minimum frequency of calms are very nearly the same as the 
 hours of minimum and maximum mean velocity, a correspondence, which, as appears from Table LVII., 
 does not hold in the case of the annual distribution of calms. 
 
 RAIN AND SNOW. 
 
 The approximate durations of rain and snow forming parts of Tables LX., LXI., and LXII. are 
 found by the addition of the durations in hours recorded on each day from estimation. The numbers 
 given are probably not far from the truth, but must not be regarded as strictly accurate. 
 
 The monthly average number of days in which rain fell, as given by the six years terminating 
 with 1859, are month for month, with one exception, either equal to or greater than the corresponding 
 monthly averages for the series of 15 years terminating also with 1859, the excess on the whole year 
 being 12 days in favour of the shorter series. The same remark applies, and without any exception, to 
 the monthly averages of the number of days of snow as well as to those of rain and snow, where the 
 two are regarded indiscriminately ; the number of days of either rain or snow for the whole year, given 
 in the shorter series, being 24 days in excess of the number given by the series of 15 years. 
 
 With respect to the quantity of rain the case is reversed, the average annual depth in the six-years 
 series being less than that in the fifteen-years series by about 0.6 of an inch ; but this deficiency in the 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 amount of rain is in part made up by a greater amount of snow ; so that in combining together the rain 
 and snow, the average amount generally of aqueous precipitation in the year differs only by little more 
 than a tenth of an inch in the two series ; and this difference would disappear if eight inches of snow 
 instead of ten inches were taken as equivalent to one inch of water. 
 
 
 
 RELATION BETWEEN RAIN AND SNOW AND THE DIRECTION OP THE WIND. 
 
 As no instrument was in use during the years 1853 to 1859 for recording the hours in which 
 rain fell, an attempt has been made to trace the connection between the fall of rain and the direction 
 of the wind by means of the ratios which express the duration of each wind, on the days in any part of 
 which rain fell, in terms of the whole duration of the same wind during the same series of years. The 
 method employed will be understood by referring to Table LXIII. 
 
 Column (1) contains the number of hours that each wind blew during the days on which rain fell, 
 in the years 1853 1o 1859. Column (2) contains the corresponding numbers for snow, and column (3) 
 the numbers foi rain or snow. The latter are not accurately the sums of the numbers in columns (1) 
 and (2) from the fact that when both rain and snow fell on the same day, the duration of each wind on 
 that day is reckoned twice, namely, in both of the columns (1) and (2), whereas it is reckoned once only 
 in column (3). 
 
 If each wind blew an equal number of hours through the year, the numbers in column (1) or rather 
 the ratios that they severally bear to their mean for all winds, would exhibit the comparative frequency 
 of the different winds during rainy days ; but as the numbers of hours during which the different winds 
 blew were not equal, it is necessary that the numbers in column (1) should be divided by the numbers 
 in column (4) that express the whole duration of the corresponding wind during the years 1853 to 1859. 
 From the quotients, which are given in column (5), we learn that of 1000 hours in which the wind blew 
 from E.N.E. as many as 545 hours were comprised in days during some part of which rain fell, but 
 that of 1000 hours of North wind, only 248 hours belonged to days of rain. 
 
 Similarly from column (6), 330 hours in 1000 hours of West winds, and only 86 hours in 1000 hours 
 of South winds were included in days in which snow fell ; also from column (7), 637 hours in 1000 hours 
 of winds from E.N.E., and 412 hours in 1000 hours of South winds were included in days in 
 which a fall occured of either rain or snow. 
 
 Column (8) cdhtains the numbers in (5) expressed in terms of their arithmetic mean for all 
 winds, and columns (9) and (10) are derived in a similar manner from columns (6) and (7). 
 
 From column (9) it appears that during days of rain, winds from N.E. through South to S.W. are 
 above or not below the average duration of all winds, and that winds from N.N.E. through North to 
 W.S.W. are below the same average ; also, that the most rainy wind is from E.N.E. and the winds for 
 which rain is most rare are from North and N.N.W. 
 
 In the case of the snow the winds whose durations are above the average of all winds are from N.E. 
 through North and West to W.S.W., and the winds that have a less than average duration are from 
 E.N.E. through South to S.S.W., the greatest number of winds relatively that occurred during days of 
 snow being from the West with a second maximum at N.E., and the least number being from South 
 and S.S.W. 
 
 The two sets of ratios in (8) and (9) produce by their superposition a double progression in column 
 
INTXODTJCTIOir 
 
 (10), the chief maximum being at E.N.E., with a second maximum at West ; the winds that are least 
 frequently accompanied by rain or snow being those from the north and south points. 
 
 During the years 1857 to 1859 a record was made each day of the hours during any part of which 
 rain or snow was seen to fall, or was believed to have fallen, from the b^st evidence that could be pro 
 cured at the time when the entries were made. The want of any suitable instrument during tht pe- 
 riod precluded any more certain mode of procuring the requisite facts ; but although the entries do not 
 claim the same confidence as those made at the observation hours, or by self-registering instru- 
 ments, it is believed that they furnish very fair data for determining approximately the relative 
 frequency of the winds that blew during the same hours with rain or snow. 
 
 The distribution of the winds that blew during the same hours with rain or snow is given in 
 Table LXIV. 
 
 Column (1) gives the number of hours during any part of which rain fell during the years 1857 
 to 1859, arranged according to the direction of the wind during the same hour. Column (2) gives 
 the corresponding numbers for snow ; and column (3) those for rain or snow. For a reason already 
 explained, the numbers in (3) are frequently less than the sum of those in (1) and (2). 
 
 Column (4) contains the whole number of hours that each wind blew during the years 1857 to 
 1859. The quotients arising from the division of the the numbers in (1) by those in (4), and which 
 are contained in column (5), are measures of the frequency of rain for each wind. Thus, it rained 
 during some part of each of 219 hours out of 1000 hours in which the wind was from E.N.E., and 
 39 hours only out of 1000 hours of N.W. wind. 
 
 Similarly from column (6), derived in a like manner from (2) and (4), it is seen that snow was 
 falling during part of each of 140 hours in 1000 hours of N.E. wind, and only 18 hours in 1000 hours 
 of South wind. 
 
 Column (7) shews that of 1000 hours of E.N.E. winds (and the same is true for N.N.E. winds), 
 it rained or snowed during parts of each of 282 hours, whereas it rained or snowed only 84 hours in 
 1000 hours of N.W. wind. 
 
 Columns (8), (9) and (10) give the ratios of the numbers in (5), (6) and (7) to their respective 
 means for all winds. 
 
 From (8) it appears that during rain, winds from N.N.E. through East to S^.S.W., with an inter- 
 ruption at South, have a duration above the average for all winds, and that winds from North through 
 West to S.W. have a duration below the same average. 
 
 The most rainy wind is fromE.N.E. ; and the N.W. wind is that which is least frequently accom- 
 panied by rain. 
 
 During snow, winds from North to E.N.E. are decidedly above the average, the wind of greatest 
 frequency being that from N.E. Winds from the remaining points of the compass do not follow any 
 regular progression. They are for the most part below the average ; but there is a trace of a 
 second maximum between W.N.W. and W.S.W. 
 
 In column (10) the second maximum is obliterated by the superposition of the two sets of ratios ; 
 the progression becomes single and is uninterrupted, excepting that at the South point the winds are 
 slightly less numerous than at either S.S.E. and S.S.W., and that the ratio at N.E. is rather less than 
 at either of the contiguous points. Daring precipitation generally, making no distinction between rain 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXV 
 
 and snow, the winds whose relative durations are above the average, are limited to N.N.E., N.E., 
 E.N.E., East, and E.S.E. ; the relative durations of other winds being all less than the average. 
 
 Comparing the ratios in Table LXIV. with those from Table LXIIf., which have been placed 
 side by side with them for that purpose, it may be noticed that the range is much greater in the former 
 than in the latter table ; and also that during snow, the west wind, instead of being, as in Table LXIH, 
 the wind of greatest frequency, now touches or is slightly below the average, the principal maximum 
 being transferred in Table LXIV to N.E. ; at which point the wind is two and a half times as fre- 
 quent as the west wind during the actual fall of snow, although during days of snow, the west 
 wind blows for more hours than the N.E. wind. 
 
 RELATION BETWEEN RAIN AND THE DIRECTION OF THE WIND WHEN THE LIGHTER AND THE 
 HEAVIER FALLS ARE EXAMINED SEPARATELY. 
 
 As it is probable that in the enquiries that have been made with reference to the distribution of 
 the different winds during rainy days and during hours of rain, the lighter showers may have given by 
 their number a greater prominence to certain winds than is their due, and have diminished also in 
 some degree the preponderance of those which are properly the rainy winds ; tables LXIH. (bis.) and 
 LXIV. (bis.) have been formed, for the purpose of shewing the distribution of the winds among the 
 several points of the compass, under different circumstances as regards the amount of rain in the day. 
 
 The ratios in these tables are obtained in a manner precisely similar to that employed in computing 
 the final columns of tables LXIH. and LXIV. 
 
 Table LXIH. (bis.) contains the ratios which express the relative* durations of each wind during 
 days of rain, in terms of the mean of the relative durations of all winds during days of rain ; (1) 
 when the rain that falls in a day is less than half an inch ; (2) when the rain is not less than half an 
 inch ; and (3) when light and heavy rain are taken together. 
 
 When the rain that falls in the day is less than half an inch, it is shewn by column (1) that the 
 points for which the relative duration of the wind is above the average, as well as the points of the 
 greatest and least relative duration, are the same as when the heavy and light rain are taken together ; 
 the range also is very nearly the same, being slightly less than 2 to 1. 
 
 When the heavy rains only are taken inlo account, the winds whose relalive durations are above 
 the average, are limiled to the six points from N.E. to S.S.E.; the wind of maximum relalive duration 
 remains as before at E.N.E., but the minimum is transferred to W.S.W., and the range greatly 
 increases ; the E.N.E. winds having a relative duration nearly nine times that of the W.S.W. winds. 
 The increase in the relative durations of the winds from the six points N.E. to S.S.E. inclusive, as 
 compared with those of the other ten winds, is shewn by the averages of the corresponding ratios in 
 columns (1), (2), and (3.) 
 
 (1.) (2.) (3.) 
 
 Averages of ratios for the six points, N.E. to S.S.E 1.18 1.75 1.25 
 
 Averages for remaining ten points 0.89 0.59 0.85 
 
 The ratios in table LXIV. (bis.) express the relative duration of each wind during the hours, in 
 
 The term relative duration is here employed to denote the ratio of the absolute duration of a given wind during rainy days, or 
 during hours of rair, to the whole absolute duration of the same wind, with and without rain, during the same period. 
 
 D 
 
XXVI 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 any part of which rain fell, in terms of the mean of the relative durations of all winds during hours 
 of rain. 
 
 When rain under half an inch is taken alone, the winds of more than an average duration, if we 
 except an interruption that occurs at N.E., are the same as when no account is taken of the amount 
 that fell in the day ; the \v.ind of least duration is still from N.W., but that of the greatest duration is 
 no longer so decidedly at E.N.E. 
 
 When rains amounting to less than half an inch are omitted, the most rainy and least rainy winds 
 are still from E.N^E. and N.W. ; but the relative duration of the E.N.E. wind is eighteen times as 
 great as that of the N.W. wind. The winds also whose relative durations are above the average, are 
 limited to the four points N.N.E., N.E., E.N.E., and East. 
 
 TABLE LXIII. (Bit.) 
 
 RATIOS comparing the relative durations of the several 
 winds during days in any part of which rain fell, 
 from observations in the jears 1853 to 1859 inclu- 
 sive, the falls under half an inch in the day, those of 
 bait an inch and upwards, and rain generally, without 
 reference to its amount, being considered separately. 
 
 TABLE LX1V. (#.) 
 
 RATIOS comparing the relative durations of the several 
 winds during the hours in any part of which rain 
 fell, from observations in the years 1857 to 1859, 
 the falls under halt' an iuch, those of half an inch 
 and upwards, and raiu in general, without reference 
 to its amount, being considered separately 
 
 o * * 
 
 
 Direction 
 of the wind. 
 
 Kain 
 under half an 
 inch. 
 (1) 
 
 Itain 
 half an inch 
 and upwards. 
 (2) 
 
 Kain 
 generally. 
 
 (3) 
 
 Direction 
 of the wind. 
 
 Kain 
 
 under half an 
 inch. 
 (1) 
 
 liain 
 half an inch 
 and upwards. 
 (2) 
 
 Kain 
 
 generally. 
 
 (3) 
 
 N. 
 
 0.73 
 
 0.64 
 
 0.72 
 
 N. 
 
 0.68 
 
 0.67 
 
 0.68 
 
 N.N.E. 
 
 0.76 
 
 0.88 
 
 0.77 
 
 N.N.E. 
 
 1.49 
 
 2.18 
 
 1.68 
 
 N.E. 
 
 - 1.01 
 
 1.40 
 
 1.06 
 
 N.E. 
 
 0.1)3 
 
 1.55 
 
 1. 10 
 
 E.N.E. 
 
 1.41 
 
 2.71 
 
 1.58 
 
 E.N.E. 
 
 1.C5 
 
 4.37 
 
 2.41 
 
 E. 
 
 1.36 
 
 2.43 
 
 1.50 
 
 E. 
 
 1.34 
 
 1.71 
 
 1.44 
 
 E.S.E. 
 
 1.17 
 
 1.61 
 
 1.23 
 
 E.8E. 
 
 1.68 
 
 0.83 
 
 1.45 
 
 S.B. 
 
 1.06 
 
 1.12 
 
 1.07 
 
 8.E. 
 
 1.29 
 
 0.67 
 
 1.12 
 
 S8.E. 
 
 1.07 
 
 1.20 
 
 1.09 
 
 S.S.E. 
 
 1.17 
 
 0.75 
 
 1.05 
 
 K 
 
 1.04 
 
 0.73 
 
 1.00 
 
 8. 
 
 1.00 
 
 0.60 
 
 0.89 
 
 8.8. W. 
 
 1.14 
 
 0.88 
 
 1.11 
 
 8.S.W. 
 
 1.20 
 
 0.67 
 
 1.05 
 
 8.W. 
 
 1.07 
 
 0.80 
 
 1.03 
 
 s.w. 
 
 0.79 
 
 0.83 
 
 0.80 
 
 W.S.W. 
 
 0.94, 
 
 0.30 
 
 0.83 
 
 w.s.\v. 
 
 0.64 
 
 0.43 
 
 0.58 
 
 W. 
 
 0.86 
 
 0.34 
 
 0.79 
 
 W. 
 
 0.68 
 
 0.36 
 
 0.59 
 
 W.N.W. 
 
 0.80 
 
 0.47 
 
 0.76 
 
 W.N.W. 
 
 0.58 
 
 0.28 
 
 0.49 
 
 N.W. 
 
 0.81 
 
 0.43 
 
 0.76 
 
 N.W. 
 
 0.50 
 
 0.21, , 
 
 0.43 
 
 N.N.W. 
 
 0.77 
 
 0.45 
 
 0.72 
 
 N.N.W. 
 
 0.64 
 
 0.39 
 
 0.57 
 
 Calms. 
 
 1.00 
 
 0.62 
 
 0.95 
 
 Calms. 
 
 0.74 
 
 0.48 
 
 O.C7 
 
 ELATION HETWKEX 8NOW AND THE DIRECTION OF THE WIND WHEN THE SNOW STORMS ARE DIVIDED 
 INTO CLASSES ACCORDING TO THE QUANTITY THAT FELL DURING THE TWENTY-FOUR HOURS. 
 
 In Table* LXIII. and LXIV., which contain the ratios that exhibit the comparative frequency of 
 (he different winds during days of snow or during the actual fall of snow, no distinction ia made 
 between snow storms of different magnitude ; light falls, lasting for a few minutes, and the heaviest 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 storms being ranked together indiscriminately. With a view of examining whether the distribution of 
 the winds found to prevail during snow generally, is maintained in the caie of the heavy falls, the 
 methods employed in computing Tables LXJII. and LXJV. have been applied to the following four 
 classes of snow storms : 
 
 Class I. including every instance where snow was recorded. 
 
 Class II. limited to those cases in which the snow in twenty-four hours was equal to or exceeded 
 one inch. 
 
 Class III. limited to falls of three inches and upwards. 
 Class IV. limited to falls of six inches and upwards. 
 
 In Table LXV. is shewn the distribution of the winds during days of snow, arranged in the 
 above-named four classes, and in Table LXVI. the distribution of the winds during the hours in any 
 part of which snow fell, the falls of snow by this method also being arranged in the same four classes. 
 
 On comparing the four final columns of Table LXV., we find that the second maximum at N.E. 
 in column (10) becomes very decidedly the principal maximum in column (11) wherein snow amount- 
 ing to less than an inch in the day is excluded, and increases greatly as the storms become more 
 heavy. The West wind also, which was the principal maximum when light snow was included, is 
 now decidedly below the average, and rapidly decreases in frequency in columns (12) and (13). The 
 North wind maintains a more than average frequency till the falls of snow are limited to those of six 
 inches and upwards. 
 
 The progressive increase in the predominance of winds from the five points, N.N.E. through East 
 to E.S.E. in passing from Class I. to Class IV., and the diminished frequency of other winds, are made 
 apparent by the averages of the ratios for the former five points, and of the remaining eleven points. 
 
 The averages are as follows : 
 
 AVERAGE RATIOS. 
 Class I. Class II. Class III. Class IV. 
 
 Five winds from N.N.E. to E.S.E 1.00 .. 1.70 .. 2.10 .. 2.55 
 
 Eleven remaining winds 1.04 .. 0.74 .. 0.57 .. 0.35 
 
 On turning to Table LXVI. we find that the principal maximum at N.E., in column (10), increases 
 rapidly in the higher classes, and that the second maximum at or near West in column (10) disappears 
 when the snow amounts to one inch. The North wind continues above the average during falls of 
 snow whereof all less than an inch are excluded, but is below the average when falls of less than three 
 inches are excluded, and is wholly absent when the storms included are only those of six inches and 
 upwards. 
 
 It appears further, with reference to the heaviest snow storms, that although during some part of 
 the day in which the storm takes place, the wind may blow more or less from any point of the com- 
 pass, during the actual fall of snow the directions of the wind are limited to the four points N.N.E., 
 N.E., E.N.E., and East. 
 
 The increasing frequency in the easterly group of winds from N.N.E. through East to E.S.E., 
 during the actual fall of snow, as more and more of the lighter falls are excluded, and the diminish- 
 ing frequency of all other winds, are shewn by the averages of the corresponding ratios in the manner 
 already employed with reference to table LXV. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The averages are the following : 
 
 Class I. Class II. Class III. Class IV. 
 
 Five winds from N.N.E. to E.S.E 1.41 .. 2.16 .. 2.59 .. 3.22 
 
 Eleven remaining winds 0.84 .. 0.52 .. 0.33 .. 0.00 
 
 The distribution of the winds among the several points of the compass during falls of snow in 
 which the amount in the day falls short of one inch, will be found by subtracting the relative durations 
 in column (7) from those in column (6). The progression in the resulting series, omitting minor 
 irregularities, becomes single ; the maximum is decidedly between the three points W.N.W., West, 
 and W.S.W. ; and the minimum is in the S.E. quadrant, the winds from N.E. being well below the 
 average. 
 
TORONTO 
 
 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
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TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
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TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
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TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
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TOEONTO MBTEOROLOGICAi OBSERVATIONS. 
 
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 sanoq 
 
 US i 
 
 IN : i 
 
 o m us <M us 
 
 o 
 
 : co 
 
 O us o O us 
 
 : coi> co I-H o 
 
 eaqonj 
 
 o o 
 i i : * 
 
 us us o us us 
 
 t- i i i I O 
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 O 
 
 i 4 
 
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 i us co co 
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 rH M (M i-l 
 
 
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 us 
 
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 papnoto 
 
 : os us us o co os o t> co co us 
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 : d d d d d d 
 
 ^? ^H t 1 * ^^ JO t'* 00 ^5 
 
 'r-!ddddd 'OI-H 
 
 It 
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 d 
 
 jo 
 
 iM 
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 r-( !>* 
 
 io : i-i os 
 
 OS CO OS 
 <M CN (N 
 
 CO 
 
 * 
 
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 co us co co t^ ' 
 
 OS GO OS 
 
 OSOOO5-*5O 
 
 -*OCOCOO5>O 
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 O US t- O (N OS -*i-i 
 
 OOO5 
 OOCOlN 
 
 OOO5 
 
 COCOCM 
 
 ;O3COOCOOil> 
 CO GO i> 
 
 ; CO O I-H * (M C5 : -* (M 
 
 i> GO 00 GO CS GO 00 OS 
 
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 1-O5CO5OUS 
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12 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 sjnoq 
 
 111 
 
 oo :*ocoo 
 
 O O * O O O 9 O O 5 U5 VO 
 'CO "CO*t>COCO(M*'^icOCO i-H CO O ' * 
 
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 1 O -H rH rH O O 'OOOO 
 
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 r-COOCS 
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 OOOO5OCO 
 
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 O > 1 OO 
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 C5 
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 CM O 1 
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 < CO i-i CO O5 i 1 
 
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 ; O O <N CO 
 .lOCDlOCOCCOO -lOCOlQt- 
 
 OO 
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 O OCQOO 
 
 IN CNCNCN 
 
 OC5OO t^t^COOO'-l 
 
 tcococo : t- t- t- oo oo oo 
 
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 : oo oo oo oo oo co 
 
 t.500tOOO -OOOOCO 
 
 oo oo xi oo OT oo : oo oo t-- 1>- 
 
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 CNr-IUSOO -!MI>.TlOlCN ;tt^OCOOOCO ;>O-*1>COOSOO 
 
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TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 13 
 
 PS 
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 saqouj 
 
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 tanniiuipj 
 
 papnojQ 
 
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 OOOO K5O O >fl> 
 
 CO1NOOOO t Tfl rH '* ' rH O 
 
 OO 
 
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 OOOO O O 
 
 o co co co : IN o 
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 -i IIH 
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 OOO O O kOOO 
 
 ros^m -co : as : ;cococo 
 :OOIM : -o -*r-i . . rn o co * 
 
 s 
 
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 OOOO^iOO O5 
 
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 iiTi 
 
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 rH<Nr-ir-INCN<N.-l 
 
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 tH(Ni-lr-l-H 
 
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 I> 00 : CM 00 t-. CM CO CO : t>- IN 5 CO C<J 00 ; Tp O t^ 5 IN 00 
 
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14 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 m 
 
 -1 
 
 sanoq 
 m uopBJTip 
 
 00>OO 
 
 USU5O OOO -H 
 
 OOOOOOO 
 
 eaqonj 
 
 OO5 OOO OOO 
 
 t~-*r-l <M-*O '(Mt^TO 
 
 : : :ooo : : -'ooo :ooo : * : 
 
 OOOOOO 
 
 05 
 
 g 
 
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 T 
 
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 US O S O O 
 
 : co : f* ' < ' 
 
 OOOOOOO 
 
 % 
 
 eaqonj 
 
 ' d d o d d 03 
 
 : : o >o 1 10 o * cq 
 
 t- M O US <N O O 
 
 sanoq 
 
 00 us O 
 
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 eaqonj 
 
 n 
 
 :o O o 
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 Pu W 
 
 o pa 
 
 6 
 
 OCOOC^?4OO'"OO-*COOOO-*MOiMT<-*tffliO'1'Oa:TfloOt>OOtOOO 
 
 oSqi-Hl.'3l>IMOO-*-JO>do3lO5CO'idcOOOOO---J'*O~'*dl' 
 r-li ((Nr-<f IO4rH?^ -Hi ICC^^Ht l*iH ^^C^iHi IrHt 1^- 
 
 WIN03Sv|<N03CQIMr-li-IIMO) 
 
 <N IN IN M (N 
 
 
 Q 
 fc 
 
 80 fe 08 j 
 
 'MS 
 papnoio 
 
 i i ^^ fp ^^ ^^ ^^ ^5 O O5 ^5 Ci ^5 ^ CO t^ C^ t** ^5 d t ^3 ^5 Ci 
 ,-nddi-HO-- 'OOOr-lpHO ' rt <- 1 O iH O -H 'OOOOMO r-lrHO 
 
 Jty A^lfj , i ; > - f: :: ; 
 
 jo ajnBKAij 
 
 CMOOOOWOlO 
 
 05OOGCO 
 
 t^COOSOOCO ; 
 
 05 
 
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 H 
 
 J 
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 Duiomojg 
 
 JO ,1JI1K!.).I ( | 
 
 r-l i CO M t 00 
 
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TOKONTO METEOKOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 15 
 
 
 gjnoq j ooOOOOC5pOO ] OLOOOOOC3O_ 
 
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 saqonj 
 
 OOOOOOOO O O >O W5 O C: O O 
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 sjnoq j usooowooooo o ooooo 
 
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 m qadarr OOOOOC^IMO ^* 10 * i o o 
 
 sjnoq 
 
 ' t- co 
 
 saqouj 
 m q?da(j j 
 
 EXTREMES OF 
 EMPERATURE. 
 
 WIND. 
 
 DAILY MEANS 
 
 raruumq^ 
 
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 O5O5-^'*00<M(MlOOCO 
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 f)00 f^ O ^ 00 CO CO ' 
 
 CM (M rHrHIMCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCNCOCOeqr-irHr^rHrHIM 
 
 papnoto 
 
 JO fUUSKa.1,1 
 
 aansgajj 
 
 jo 
 
 OCO lot- 
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 COCOC5 
 
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 CO5r-l 
 
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 OOC4 >OCOCOCO'rfllM 00OCOrHCOO * 
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 OOO 'OOOOOO ' rH rH rH t rH rH -rH 
 
 r-l CSI OOOirH 
 
 
 t-OOCM (MOCOOCMaCt- OOO 
 CMOrH ;COCO<M-n(MCD ^r-O 
 
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 rH C^COCOCOMM IMCNCNCM 
 
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16 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 BAIN AND 
 MELTED SNOW 
 
 SNOW. 
 
 sjnoq 
 
 ni iioijBjnp 
 oqsmixojddy 
 
 eaqouj 
 
 m 
 
 wnoq 
 
 nt 
 
 eaqoaj 
 
 o o o ^J "? "? 
 
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 O O O US O <N O ."SO OO 
 
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 o oo r- 1 ,-1 's -^ co : TO us 
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 tf 
 
 REMES Of 
 
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 Ti 
 
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 DAILY MEANS. 
 
 saqoaj 
 m qijdag; 
 
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 ; 00 rH 
 
 
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 ao ee * eo 05 go S3 
 
 g r e 
 
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 odd :d--iddorH :dd-<ooo ^oooooo 
 
 jo 
 
 05 US t> t- 00 00 ; O -I <M O5 !O ;t -- ' C W 
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 rHUS*H . CC US 00 WS 00 f 1 
 
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 93 
 
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TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 17 
 
 BJnot) 
 
 P O 
 
 to z ni 
 
 <j02 
 
 5 s 
 5 5 
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 a^Buiixoaddy 
 
 saqonj 
 ui q?da(j 
 
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 02 
 
 10 
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 j" 
 
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 sanoq 
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 saqouj 
 
 sanoq 
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 saqonj 
 
 tb M 
 
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 F 
 
 tun mini j^j 
 
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 U5USOOU5 
 
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 iiM-^(MIMlMf-lr-i COSMCO(N IMCOIM'MIMIM COCO i-H 
 
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 S O N M 
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 I- r- ' 
 
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 C53(N 
 
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 tH r-< ;CO 
 
 jo gjnssaaj 
 
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 r- 1 i-i -H i I -i-li I^H-J 'IM -(MIMCOCOIMN ^IMCOlMIMr-I^H ^IM 
 
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 OOCOU5IM 
 
 O O 
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 8iV(J 
 
 r-l<NIMIMCMiM(M<N<MiMIMCO 
 
 U5 
 
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18 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 i 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 5J 
 
 Rjiioq 
 
 in uoijiunp 
 
 saqouj 
 
 III q |fl.: 
 
 I 
 
 fc 
 
 tn 
 
 Bjnoq 
 n; noi^Bunp 
 
 isaqonj 
 
 n 
 
 O O vo O O _ O 
 
 - rH rH CO ^1 
 
 m 
 
 to 
 
 2 j. 
 co * 
 
 S 
 
 qo 
 
 :-*co 
 
 
 
 03 
 
 CO 
 
 1 
 
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 t- 
 
 C3 
 
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 ejnoq 
 in noi^ojnp 
 
 O O O O IQ O 
 
 'OO5 : : I-H I-H co : *t< 
 
 CO 
 
 :d 
 
 to 
 
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 saqouj 
 in qidafj 
 
 $ ' 
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 O s 
 
 w 3 
 
 M a 
 
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 - 
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 !zi 
 
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 OJ 
 
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 i- r- j 7i .- r. -c - r _- 7! 
 
 ri i - - _. :- _ 71 71 / 71 
 
 
 llMCOrHOO 
 
 t-IOOOOt-OOrH 
 
 w 
 
 r?; 
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 papnoio 
 
 * oo co o q : CN c I-H rH co : i> t- * rH co q : * co * :qq ; q * oo 05 
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 Jiy 
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 OOrHOS'-iOO 
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 OS 
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 OJ 
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 CClOCO 
 
 O!OOOOO 
 
 oo oo * oo 
 
 COSTCO 
 
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 rHCO ffl^tN 
 
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 71 
 
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 03 
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 00 
 
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 Jiy eq? jo 
 
 CNOU5X t-OOOOCMt^TO l^iOi^CMQCO OOCOI> O(M OI^<N 
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 |<NCNCN<N<NCNIN<NCMCNCOCO 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 19 
 
 qca 
 
 5 S 
 
 sonoq 
 m uoiyemp 
 
 saqonj 
 
 ut 
 
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 sanoq 
 ui noi^Banp 
 
 m 
 
 m 
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 ni noi^uanp 
 
 ejtituixojddy 
 
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TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 29 
 
 33 
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30 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 RAIN AND 
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TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 31 
 
 
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32 
 
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TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 35 
 
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 65 
 
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56 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
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 57 
 
58 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
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 59 
 
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 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
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 61 
 
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TOEONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 71 
 
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72 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
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TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 73 
 
 O5 
 
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 10 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLE I. 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR AT EACH OF THE SIX OBSERVATION HOURS, FROM 
 
 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2 , 
 
 4 fl . 
 
 10*. 
 
 12/t. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20/i. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means . 
 
 
 1854 
 
 2o.l8 
 
 25.43 
 
 22.94 
 
 22.49 
 
 22.23 
 
 22.17 
 
 23.57 
 
 ^ 
 
 1855 
 
 30.06 
 
 28.46 
 
 25.01 
 
 24.61 
 
 23.73 
 
 23.80 
 
 25.95 
 
 " 
 
 1856 
 
 20.67 
 
 20.43 
 
 14.60 
 
 13.83 
 
 13.19 
 
 13.42 
 
 16.02 
 
 " 
 
 -5 
 
 1857 
 1858 
 
 16.04 
 33.35 
 
 15.75 
 32.56 
 
 12.64 
 
 28.47 
 
 11.66 
 28.22 
 
 10.34 
 29.00 
 
 10.07 
 28.60 
 
 12.75 
 30.03 
 
 
 1859 
 
 28.75 
 
 28.35 
 
 26.20 
 
 25.87 
 
 24.54 
 
 24.93 
 
 26.44 
 
 
 Means. , 25.84 
 
 26.16 
 
 21.64 
 
 21.11 
 
 20.51 
 
 20.50 2246 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 
 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20/i. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 26.00 
 
 25.49 
 
 26.91 
 
 19.99 
 
 17.39 
 
 17.75 
 
 21.09 
 
 
 
 1855 
 
 21.89 
 
 20.34 
 
 13.91 
 
 12.49 
 
 11.67 
 
 12.24 
 
 15.41 
 
 C3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1856 
 
 21.82 
 
 21.77 
 
 14.65 
 
 12.84 
 
 11.10 
 
 11.97 
 
 15.69 
 
 D 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 05 
 
 to 
 
 1857 
 
 31.41 
 
 30.97 
 
 28.63 
 
 28.88 
 
 25.28 
 
 25.99 
 
 28.63 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1868 
 
 20.92 
 
 21.02 
 
 16.64 
 
 16.08 
 
 13.42 
 
 13.92 
 
 16.98 
 
 
 1859 
 
 29.12 
 
 29.09 
 
 25.82 
 
 25.23 
 
 23.67 
 
 23.28 
 
 26.04 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 26.03 
 
 24.78 
 
 20.08 
 
 19.25 
 
 17.07 
 
 17.63 
 
 20.62 
 
 Toronto 
 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2/i. 
 
 4/i. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12/i. 
 
 IS/i. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly. 
 Means. 
 
 
 1864 
 
 3496 
 
 34.99 
 
 29.14 
 
 28.45 
 
 27.28 
 
 2.23 
 
 30.68 
 
 
 1855 
 
 34.11 
 
 32.94 
 
 28.02 
 
 27.18 
 
 23.06 
 
 25.47 
 
 28.46 
 
 MARCH. 
 
 1856 
 1857 
 1858 
 
 28.49 
 32.98 
 33.64 
 
 28.16 
 33.09 
 33.46 
 
 22.49 
 27.40 
 27.19 
 
 21.43 
 26.36 
 26.13 
 
 17.77 
 9fc 
 
 24.09 
 
 20.03 
 24.46 
 26.21 
 
 23.06 
 27.82 
 28.44 
 
 
 1859 
 
 39.14 
 
 39.68 
 
 36.32 
 
 35.53 
 
 33.10 
 
 34,26 
 
 36.34 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 33.87 
 
 33.72 
 
 28.43 
 
 27.51 
 
 24.65 
 
 . 
 
 26.61 
 
 29.13 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 75 
 
 TABLE I. (Continued.) 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OP THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR AT EACH OF THE SIX OBSERVATION HOURS, FROM 
 
 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2k 
 
 4k 
 
 10k 
 
 12k 
 
 18k 
 
 20k 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 46.65 
 
 47.07 
 
 38.82 
 
 37.77 
 
 36 29 
 
 39.62 
 
 41.04 
 
 
 1855 
 
 51.20 
 
 49.23 
 
 39.39 
 
 38.69 
 
 35 75 
 
 40.34 
 
 42.43 
 
 J 
 
 hH 
 
 1856 
 
 47.81 
 
 47.33 
 
 40.53 
 
 39.34 
 
 37.57 
 
 41.05 
 
 42.27 
 
 
 
 1857 
 
 40.86 
 
 40.62 
 
 33.27 
 
 32.24 
 
 30.90 
 
 34.25 
 
 35.36 
 
 
 1858 
 
 46.44 
 
 46.01 
 
 39.72 
 
 38.84 
 
 37.07 
 
 40.66 
 
 41.46 
 
 
 1859 
 
 44.04 
 
 43.73 
 
 38.20 
 
 36.84 
 
 35.52 
 
 38.86 
 
 39.53 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 46.17 
 
 45.66 
 
 38.32 
 
 37.29 
 
 35.52 
 
 39 13 
 
 40.35 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time . 
 
 2k 
 
 4k 
 
 10k 
 
 . 
 
 18k 
 
 20k 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 58.67 
 
 58.12 
 
 4.41 
 
 46.74 
 
 47.93 
 
 53.33 
 
 62.20 
 
 
 1855 
 
 61.54 
 
 60.39 
 
 48.11 
 
 46.52 
 
 48 78 
 
 53.06 
 
 53.07 
 
 > 
 
 1856 
 
 64.95 
 
 54.77 
 
 48.96 
 
 47.37 
 
 46.82 
 
 50.49 
 
 60 52 
 
 M 
 
 1857 
 
 63.77 
 
 53 37 
 
 47.14 
 
 45.61 
 
 44 45 
 
 48.98 
 
 48.87 
 
 
 1858 
 
 53.31 ' 
 
 52.88 
 
 47.15 
 
 46.07 
 
 45.86 
 
 48.12 
 
 48.90 
 
 
 1859 
 
 60.70 
 
 60.80 
 
 52.72 
 
 51.16 
 
 60.37 
 
 65.23 
 
 66.16 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 57.16 
 
 56.72 
 
 48.75 
 
 47.19 
 
 47.37 
 
 51.54 
 
 51.45 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2k 
 
 4k 
 
 10k 
 
 12k 
 
 18 k 
 
 20k 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 71.70 
 
 70 78 
 
 59.39 
 
 58.23 
 
 59 86 
 
 64.78 
 
 64.12 
 
 
 1855 
 
 66.66 
 
 65.82 
 
 56.43 
 
 55 13 
 
 55.81 
 
 59 75 
 
 59.93 
 
 H 
 g 
 
 f 
 
 1856 
 1857 
 
 67.76 
 61.85 
 
 67.73 
 61.60 
 
 59 36 
 54.84 
 
 57.69 
 53.24 
 
 58.07 62.02 
 63.52 56.47 
 
 62 11 
 56.92 
 
 
 1858 
 
 72.28 
 
 71.52 
 
 63.53 
 
 61.88 
 
 61.87 6584 
 
 66.15 
 
 
 1859 
 
 64:25 
 
 63.83 
 
 55.81 
 
 53.17 
 
 64.31 
 
 68.44 
 
 58.30 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 67.42 
 
 66.88 
 
 58.23 
 
 56 56 
 
 ' 
 57 24 61 21 
 
 1 
 til -20 
 
76 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLE \. (Continued.) 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR AT EACH OF THE SIX OBSERVATION HOURS, FROM 
 
 1854 TO 1869 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2h. 
 
 ,. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 8?. 86 
 
 88.25 
 
 67.10 
 
 65.50 
 
 67.09 
 
 72.99 
 
 72.47 
 
 
 1855 
 
 73.78 
 
 73.57 
 
 64.67 
 
 62.98 
 
 64.70 
 
 67.97 
 
 67.95 
 
 i 
 
 1856 
 1867 
 
 77.46 
 73.76 
 
 77.08 
 72.50 - 
 
 66.30 
 64.69 
 
 64.65 
 63.40 
 
 64.27 
 63.71 
 
 69.62 
 68.53 
 
 69.90 
 67.76 
 
 
 1858 
 
 73.55 
 
 73.67 
 
 65.23 
 
 63.80 
 
 63.32 
 
 67.67 
 
 67.86 
 
 
 1859 
 
 72.39 
 
 72.05 
 
 63.80 
 
 62.79 
 
 62.70 
 
 67.47 
 
 66.87 
 
 
 Means. 75.47 
 
 74.84 
 
 65.30 
 
 63.86 
 
 64.30 
 
 69.04 
 
 68.80 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2 h. 
 
 4 h. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 7-24 
 
 76.24 
 
 63.46 
 
 61.84 
 
 61.24 
 
 67.16 
 
 68.03 
 
 AUGUST. 
 
 1855 
 1856 
 1857 
 
 71.21 
 70.68 
 71.96 
 
 70.76 
 70.51 
 71.63 
 
 60.97 
 60.48 
 62.75 
 
 58.87 
 58.82 
 61.29 
 
 58.21 
 57.90 
 59.40 
 
 64.34 
 63.27 
 64.85 
 
 64.06 
 C3.59 
 65.31 
 
 
 1868 
 
 73.97 
 
 74.20 
 
 65.37 
 
 63.38 
 
 61.62 
 
 67.14 
 
 67.61 
 
 
 1869 
 
 72.96 
 
 73.18 
 
 63.71 
 
 62.34 
 
 60.87 
 
 66.60 
 
 66.61 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 T3.15 
 
 72.75 
 
 62.79 
 
 61.09 
 
 59.87 
 
 65.56 65.87 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18*. 
 
 ... 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 70.34 
 
 67.79 
 
 67-98 
 
 6.14 
 
 5.73 
 
 60.28 
 
 el. 04 
 
 d 
 
 8 
 
 1855 
 1856 
 
 65.23 
 64.33 
 
 65.11 
 63.26 
 
 57.13 
 54.59 
 
 65.68 
 53.61 
 
 55.01 
 50.80 
 
 58.80 
 56.28 
 
 59.49 
 67.15 
 
 | 
 
 1857 
 
 65.51 
 
 65.07 
 
 65.70 
 
 54.63 
 
 53.13 
 
 67-80 
 
 58.64 
 
 W 
 03 
 
 1858 
 
 65.95 
 
 65.17 
 
 57.15 
 
 65.39 
 
 62.60 
 
 58.38 
 
 69.11 
 
 
 1869 
 
 60.18 
 
 69.87 
 
 53.88 
 
 62.60 
 
 50.35 
 
 54.20 
 
 56.18 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 65.26 
 
 64.38 
 
 66.07 
 
 6487 
 
 52.60 
 
 57.62 
 
 58.43 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 77 
 
 TABLE I. (Continued.) 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR AT EACH OF THE SIX OBSERVATION HOURS, FROM 
 
 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Toronto % h 
 Astronomical time. | 
 
 4k 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 57.38 
 
 54.77 
 
 46.89 
 
 45.73 
 
 44.33 
 
 48.04 
 
 49.52 
 
 
 1855 
 
 50.58 
 
 49.76 
 
 44.36 
 
 43.06 
 
 40.93 
 
 43.66 
 
 45.39 
 
 1 
 
 1856 
 
 51.20 
 
 50.54 
 
 43.44 
 
 42.20 
 
 40.83 
 
 43.84 
 
 45.34 
 
 EH 
 
 8 
 
 1857 
 1858 
 
 50.93 
 53.78 
 
 50.07 
 52.87 
 
 43.88 
 47.48 
 
 43.17 
 46.06 
 
 41.21 
 45.05 
 
 43.28 
 47.52 
 
 45.42 
 48.79 
 
 
 1859 
 
 48.86 
 
 47.44 
 
 41.27 
 
 40.24 
 
 38.78 
 
 41.34 
 
 42.99 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 52.12 
 
 50.91 
 
 . 44.55 
 
 43.41 
 
 41.85 
 
 44.61 
 
 46.24 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2h. 
 
 4 , 
 
 10k 
 
 12 A. 
 
 18 A. 
 
 20k 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 40.56 
 
 39.48 
 
 35 69 
 
 31.39 
 
 35.43 
 
 35.50 
 
 36.84 
 
 
 
 1855 
 
 42.68 
 
 41.52 
 
 37.66 
 
 36.41 
 
 36.35 
 
 36. 8 
 
 38.58 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1856 
 
 40.46 
 
 39.38 
 
 36.54 
 
 36.02 
 
 35.58 
 
 36.35 
 
 37.39 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 1857 
 
 36.99 
 
 36.67 
 
 32.82 
 
 31.57 
 
 31.20 
 
 31.97 
 
 33.54 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 fc 
 
 1858 
 
 36.58 
 
 35.95 
 
 33.95 
 
 33.58 
 
 32.30 
 
 32.62 
 
 34.16 
 
 
 1859 
 
 42.17 
 
 41.19 
 
 38.63 
 
 38.01 
 
 36.43 
 
 36.95 
 
 38.90 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 39.91 
 
 39.03 
 
 35.88 
 
 35.00 
 
 34.55 
 
 35.04 
 
 36.57 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2h. 
 
 4k 
 
 10k 
 
 12k 
 
 18k 
 
 20k 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 25.78 
 
 24.43 
 
 20.99 
 
 21.18 
 
 19.04 
 
 19 88 
 
 21.88 
 
 d 
 
 1855 
 
 30.46 
 
 29.41 
 
 26.30 
 
 25.28 
 
 24.77 
 
 24.73 
 
 26.83 
 
 PQ 
 
 1856 
 
 25.35 
 
 24.94 
 
 22.09 
 
 21.85 
 
 21.56 
 
 21.52 
 
 22.88 
 
 
 
 1857 
 
 34.97 
 
 34.34 
 
 30.52 
 
 30.08 
 
 30.60 
 
 30.63 
 
 31.86 
 
 O 
 
 1858 
 
 29.29 
 
 29.00 
 
 26.47 
 
 26.04 
 
 27.12 
 
 26.46 
 
 27.40 
 
 
 1859 
 
 21.03 
 
 20.71 
 
 17.23 
 
 15.74 
 
 16.52 
 
 16.12 
 
 17.89 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 27.81 
 
 27.14 
 
 23.93 
 
 23.36 
 
 23.27 
 
 23.22 
 
 24.79 
 
78 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 TABLE II. 
 
 MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEANS OF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR FURNISHED BY SIX DAILY OBSERVATIONS, 
 
 FROM 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Tear. 
 
 1854 
 
 23.67 
 
 21.09 
 
 30.68 
 
 41.04 
 
 52.20 
 
 64.12 
 
 72.47 
 
 68.03 
 
 61.04 
 
 49.52 
 
 36.84 
 
 21.88 
 
 45.21 
 
 1856 
 
 25.95 
 
 15 41 
 
 28.46 
 
 42.43 
 
 63.07 
 
 59.93 
 
 67.95 
 
 64.06 
 
 69.49 
 
 45.39 
 
 38 58l 26.83 
 
 43.96 
 
 1856 
 
 16.02 
 
 16.69 
 
 23.06 
 
 42.27 
 
 50.52 
 
 62.11 
 
 69.90 
 
 63.59 
 
 57.15 
 
 45.34 
 
 37.39 
 
 22.88 
 
 42.16 
 
 1857 
 
 12.75 
 
 28 53 
 
 27.82 
 
 35 36 
 
 48.87 
 
 56 92 
 
 67.76 
 
 65.31 
 
 58.64 
 
 45.42 
 
 33.54 
 
 31.86 
 
 42.73 
 
 1858 
 
 30.03 
 
 16.98 
 
 28.44 
 
 41.46 
 
 48.90 
 
 66.15 
 
 67.86 
 
 67.61 
 
 59.11 
 
 48.79 
 
 34.16 
 
 27.40 
 
 44.74 
 
 1859 
 
 26.44 
 
 26.04 
 
 36.34 
 
 39.63 
 
 55.16 
 
 58.30 
 
 66.87 
 
 66.61 
 
 55.18 
 
 42.99 
 
 38.90 
 
 17.89 
 
 44.19 
 
 Means! 22.46 
 
 20.62 
 
 29.13 
 
 40 35 
 
 51.45 
 
 61.26 
 
 68.80 
 
 65.87 
 
 58.43 
 
 46.24 
 
 36.67 
 
 24.79 
 
 43.83 
 
 TABLE III. 
 
 DIFFERENCE OF THE MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEANS OF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR FROM 1854 TO 1859 
 INCLUSIVE, IN EXCESS OR DEFECT FROM THE NORMAL MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEANS, BOTH BEING 
 DERIVED FROM SIX DAILY OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December 
 
 Year. 
 
 1854 
 
 -i.28 
 
 2.60 
 
 + 6.45 
 
 
 
 0.18 
 
 + 0.65 
 
 4- 3.03 
 
 + 6.14 
 
 + 2.31 
 
 + 3.62 
 
 + 4.53 
 
 + 0.70 
 
 - 5.18 
 
 + 1.02 
 
 1855 
 
 + 1.10 
 
 8.28 
 
 1.77 
 
 4- 1.21 
 
 + 1 62 
 
 1.16 
 
 + 1.62 
 
 1.66 
 
 + 2.07 
 
 + 0.40 
 
 + 2.44 
 
 0.23 
 
 0.23 
 
 1856 
 
 8 83 
 
 8.00 
 
 - 7.17 
 
 + 1.05 
 
 1.03 
 
 + 1.02 
 
 -1- 3.57 
 
 - 2.13 
 
 0.27 
 
 + 0.35 
 
 + 1.25 
 
 4.18 
 
 2.03 
 
 1857 
 
 12.10 
 
 + 4.84 
 
 - 2.41 
 
 5.86 
 
 2.68 
 
 -4.17 
 
 + 1.43 
 
 0.41 
 
 + 1.22 
 
 + 0.43 
 
 2.60 
 
 + 4.80 
 
 1.46 
 
 1868 
 
 + 6.18 
 
 - 6.71 
 
 - 1.79 
 
 + 0.24 
 
 2.65 
 
 + 5.06 
 
 + 1.53+ 1.89 
 
 + 1.69 
 
 + 3.80 
 
 - 1.98 
 
 + 0.34 
 
 + 0.55 
 
 IBM 
 
 + 1.69 
 
 + 2 35 
 
 + 6.11 
 
 - 1.69 
 
 + :: r,i 
 
 - 2 79 
 
 + 0.541+ 0.89 
 
 2.24 
 
 2.00 
 
 + 2.76 
 
 9.17 
 
 0.00 
 
 M. HM 
 
 2.39 
 
 - 3.07 1.10 
 
 0.87 
 
 0.10 
 
 + 0.17 
 
 + 2.47 
 
 + 0.15 
 
 + 1.01 
 
 + 1.25 
 
 + 0.43 
 
 2.27 0.36 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 79 
 
 TABLE IV. 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR AT EACH OF THE SIX OBSERVATION HOURS, FOR THE 
 
 PERIOD 1864 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2h. 
 
 4k. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 A. 
 
 18 A. 
 
 20 A. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 January 
 
 25?84 
 
 25? 16 
 
 2164 
 
 
 
 21.11 
 
 20?51 
 
 20?50 
 
 22.46 
 
 February 
 
 25.03 
 
 24.78 
 
 20.08 
 
 19.25 
 
 17.07 
 
 17.53 
 
 20.62 
 
 
 33.87 
 
 33.72 
 
 28.43 
 
 27.51 
 
 24.65 
 
 26.61 
 
 29.13 
 
 April 
 
 46.17 
 
 4:5.66 
 
 38.32 
 
 37.29 
 
 35.52 
 
 39.13 
 
 40.35 
 
 May.. 
 
 57.16 
 
 56.72 
 
 48.75 
 
 47.19 
 
 47.37 
 
 51.54 
 
 51.45 
 
 June 
 
 67.42 
 
 6b-88 
 
 58.23 
 
 56.56 
 
 57.24 
 
 61.21 
 
 61.26 
 
 July.., 
 
 75.47 
 
 74.84 
 
 65.30 
 
 63.85 
 
 64.30 
 
 69.04 
 
 68.80 
 
 . J 
 August 
 
 73.15 
 
 72-75 
 
 62.79 
 
 61.09 
 
 59.87 
 
 65.56 
 
 65.87 
 
 September 
 
 65 . 26 
 
 64.38 
 
 56.07 
 
 54.67 
 
 52.60 
 
 57.62 
 
 58.43 
 
 October 
 
 52.12 
 
 50.91 
 
 44.55 
 
 43.41 
 
 41.85 
 
 44.61 
 
 46.24 
 
 November 
 
 39.91 
 
 39.03 
 
 35.88 
 
 35.00 
 
 34.55 
 
 35.04 
 
 36.57 
 
 December 
 
 27.81 
 
 27.14 
 
 23.93 
 
 23.36 
 
 23.27 
 
 23.22 
 
 24.79 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Means 
 
 49.10 
 
 48.50 
 
 42.00 
 
 40 86 
 
 39.90 
 
 42.63 
 
 43.83 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 TABLE V. 
 
 DIFFERENCES OF THE MEAN MONTHLY TEMPERATURE AT EACH OBSERVATION HOUR IN EXCESS OR DEFECT 
 FROM THE NORMAL MEAN MONTHLY TEMPERATURE OF THE SAME HOUR, TOGETHER WITH THE MEANS 
 OF THE SIX HOURLY DIFFERENCES. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2 A. 
 
 4 A. 
 
 
 10 A. 
 
 12 A. 
 
 18 A. 
 
 20 A. 
 
 Jl 
 
 leans. 
 
 January 
 
 
 
 2.35 
 
 
 
 2 48 
 
 
 o 
 -2 57 
 
 o 
 
 2 16 
 
 O 
 
 ,. 1Q 
 
 o 
 2 49 
 
 
 2.39 
 
 February 
 
 3.78 
 
 3.45 
 
 
 -2.55 
 
 2 73 
 
 2 79 
 
 3 17 
 
 
 -3 07 
 
 March 
 
 1.97 
 
 1 48 
 
 
 --0. 15 
 
 4 
 
 Of) 
 
 1 69 
 
 
 -1 10 
 
 April 
 
 1 .34 
 
 1 53 
 
 
 -0.34 
 
 62 
 
 "7 
 
 1 13 
 
 
 87 
 
 May 
 
 1.41 
 
 1 93 
 
 
 hO 52 
 
 _|_0 63 
 
 1 1 97 
 
 _|_0 33 
 
 
 10 
 
 June 
 
 0.76 
 
 1.87 
 
 
 -1 .00 
 
 +0 95 
 
 T-I *>l 
 \ \ 47 
 
 _|_0 2-1 
 
 
 -0.17 
 
 July.... 
 
 +0.73 
 
 15 
 
 
 -3.31 
 
 +4 02 
 
 -4-4 10 
 
 +2 74 
 
 
 2 47 
 
 August.. 
 
 45 
 
 1 01 
 
 
 -0 84 
 
 1 7T 
 
 T" iy 
 
 I n fifi 
 
 | 11 
 
 
 15 
 
 September 
 
 +0.85 
 
 +0 21 
 
 
 -1 55 
 
 + 1 20 
 
 -i-l 9K 
 
 |'l 
 
 
 -1 01 
 
 October 
 
 +1 .18 
 
 -[.(I 89 
 
 
 -1 47 
 
 ..I i 57 
 
 i 11 
 
 +1.05 
 
 
 -1 25 
 
 November 
 
 0.15 
 
 +0 02 
 
 
 hO 59 
 
 _Ln 7 
 
 i n*\ 
 
 +0 41 
 
 
 -0.43 
 
 December 
 
 2.60 
 
 2 36 
 
 
 -2 69 
 
 2 71 
 
 1 45 
 
 1 81 
 
 
 -2.27 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Means 
 
 1 00 
 
 1 6 
 
 
 Lf) 08 
 
 I ,o no 
 
 In **n 
 
 '17 
 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
80 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 TABLE VI. 
 
 MONTHLY MEAN DIFFERENCES WITHOUT REGARD TO SIGN BETWEEN THE NORMAL TEMPERATURE OF THE 
 DAY AND HOUR AND THE OBSERVED TEMPERATURE OF THE SAME DAY AND HOUR, FOR EACH MONTH 
 OF THE YEARS 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Mean of 
 the Year. 
 
 1854 
 
 .2 
 
 o 
 
 9.0 
 
 9.6 
 
 o 
 
 5.5 
 
 O 
 
 4.7 
 
 o 
 
 4.9 
 
 O 
 
 7.4 
 
 o 
 
 5.4 
 
 o 
 6.9 
 
 7.1 
 
 o 
 
 5.2 
 
 10.8 
 
 o 
 
 71 
 
 1865 
 
 7.1 
 
 12.4 
 
 6.2 
 
 6.2 
 
 4.7 
 
 5.8 
 
 5 
 
 4.9 
 
 6.5 
 
 6 2 
 
 6.5 
 
 7.8 
 
 6.6 
 
 1856 
 
 9.8 
 
 10.4 
 
 7.7 
 
 4.9 
 
 4.9 
 
 4.2 
 
 5.6 
 
 4.3 
 
 4.7 
 
 5.5 
 
 5.4 
 
 7.5 
 
 6.2 
 
 1857 
 
 13.5 
 
 11.5 
 
 7.0 
 
 6 6 
 
 5.7 
 
 6.4 
 
 4.9 
 
 3.7 
 
 5.6 
 
 5.1 
 
 6 6 
 
 6.4 
 
 6.8 
 
 1858 
 
 75 
 
 10.0 
 
 9.0 
 
 5.7 
 
 5.3 
 
 5 n 
 
 7.3 
 6 a 
 
 4.4 
 
 5Q 
 
 5.4 
 
 3R 
 
 5.1 
 
 6K 
 
 5 6 
 
 67 
 
 5.0 
 
 60 
 
 7 7 
 
 19 4. 
 
 6.5 
 
 60 
 
 loOa 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mi ;ill> 
 
 9.4 
 
 10.1 
 
 7.9 
 
 5.5 
 
 5.1 
 
 5.7 
 
 5.6 
 
 4.5 
 
 5.9 
 
 6.0 
 
 58 
 
 88 
 
 6.7 
 
 TABLE VII. 
 
 MONTHLY MEAN DIFFERENCES WITHOUT REGARD TO SIGN BETWEEN THE NORMAL TEMPERATURE OF THE 
 DAY AND HOUR AND THE OBSERVED TEMPERATURE AT EACH OF THE SIX OBSERVATION HOURS, FOR THE 
 PERIOD 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical Time. 
 
 2h. 
 
 4/t. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 A. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 .0 
 
 89 
 
 .2 
 
 8.5 
 
 9'8 
 
 o 
 
 9 9 
 
 1.4 
 
 February 
 
 91 
 
 8.9 
 
 10.3 
 
 10.5 
 
 11.0 
 
 10.7 
 
 10.1 
 
 
 7.3 
 
 7.3 
 
 7.5 
 
 7.8 
 
 8.9 
 
 8.4 
 
 7.9 
 
 April 
 
 6.9 
 
 6.7 
 
 4.8 
 
 4.9 
 
 4.7 
 
 52 
 
 5.5 
 
 Mar 
 
 6.1 
 
 6 9 
 
 4.7 
 
 4.7 
 
 4.5 
 
 5.0 
 
 5.1 
 
 
 6 4 
 
 6.6 
 
 5.3 
 
 6.3 
 
 6.0 
 
 5.4 
 
 5.7 
 
 J u ly 
 
 5.8 
 
 5.7 
 
 5.4 
 
 i 
 
 5.6 
 
 5.5 
 
 6.2 
 
 5.5 
 
 A iigust 
 
 4.3 
 
 4.3 
 
 4.5 
 
 4.9 
 
 4.8 
 
 4.4 
 
 4.5 
 
 September 
 
 6.2 
 
 5.9 
 
 5.9 
 
 5.9 
 
 6.0 
 
 5.4 
 
 5.9 
 
 October 
 
 6.1 
 
 5.6 
 
 5.9 
 
 6.0 
 
 6.5 
 
 6.0 
 
 6.0 
 
 N o veimbcr 
 
 5.6 
 
 5.3 
 
 5.8 
 
 6.1 
 
 6.2 
 
 6.0 
 
 5.8 
 
 
 8.3 
 
 8.3 
 
 8.7 
 
 8.8 
 
 9.3 
 
 9.3 
 
 8.8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Means 
 
 6.8 
 
 6.6 
 
 6.5 
 
 6.7 
 
 6.9 
 
 6.7 
 
 6.7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 81 
 
 TABLE VIII. 
 
 MEAN DIFFERENCES WITHOUT REGARD TO SIGN BETWEEN THE TEMPERATURES OBSERVED AT 2 P.M. ON 
 CONSECUTIVE DATS, FOR EACH MONTH IN THE YEARS 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE, THE EFFECT OF ANNUAL 
 VARIATION BEING ELIMINATED. 
 
 Yews. January. 
 
 Feoruary. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 Juue. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Yearly 
 Means. 
 
 1854 
 
 o 
 8.48 
 
 9.92 
 
 
 
 5.83 
 
 o 
 7.44 
 
 1.76 
 
 6.09 
 
 6.42 
 
 o 
 
 7.18 
 
 6.89 
 
 5.68 
 
 6.61 
 
 7.73 
 
 6.84 
 
 1855 
 
 6.70 
 
 5.14 
 
 4.52 
 
 6.91 
 
 6.01 
 
 5.80 
 
 4.92 
 
 4.61 
 
 6.41 
 
 5.69 
 
 4.88 
 
 5.54 
 
 5.59 
 
 1856 
 
 7.16 
 
 7.89 
 
 3.67 
 
 5.29 
 
 7.49 
 
 5.33 
 
 5.55 
 
 4.85 
 
 5.21 
 
 5.04 
 
 5.80 
 
 5.46 
 
 5.73 
 
 1857 
 
 7.92 
 
 8.39 
 
 7.54 
 
 4 50 
 
 5.56 
 
 5.14 
 
 3.48 
 
 4.08 
 
 6.33 
 
 3.47 
 
 4.22 
 
 4.36 
 
 5.42 
 
 1858 
 
 6.35 
 
 6 09 
 
 6.45 
 
 6.10 
 
 6.10 
 
 4.54 
 
 6 10 
 
 4.44 
 
 3.94 
 
 5.19 
 
 3.30 
 
 7.92 
 
 5.54 
 
 1859 
 
 7.67 
 
 5.96 
 
 4.22 
 
 5.35 
 
 4.96 
 
 6.94 
 
 5.61 
 
 3.23 
 
 3.94 
 
 5.49 
 
 6.71 
 
 10.36 
 
 5.87 
 
 Means. 
 
 7.38 
 
 7-24 
 
 5.37 
 
 5.91 
 
 5.82 
 
 5.64 
 
 5.35 
 
 4 73 
 
 5.45 
 
 5.08 
 
 5.09 
 
 6.89 
 
 5.83 
 
 Ratio to 
 Mean of 
 Year. 
 
 1.27 
 
 1.24 
 
 92 
 
 1.01 
 
 1.00 
 
 0.97 
 
 0.92 
 
 0.81 
 
 0.93 
 
 0.87 
 
 0.87 
 
 1.18 
 
 
 TABLE IX. 
 
 SHEWING FOR EACH MONTH (FOR THE PERIOD 1854 TO 18S9 INCLUSIVE) THE NUMBER OF CASES IN A HUN- 
 DRED WHEN THE CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE OBSERVED AT 2 P. M. ON CONSECUTIVE DAYS WAS 
 INCREASING, WITH THE AVERAGE VALUES OF THE INCREASING AND OF THE DECREASING CHANGES. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 ! September 
 
 October. 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 Number in a hundred. 
 
 48 
 
 57 
 
 56 
 
 63 
 
 66 
 
 55 
 
 56 
 
 55 
 
 59 
 
 54 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 Ratio to mean of year. 
 
 0.89 
 
 1.06 
 
 1.04 
 
 0.98 
 
 1.04 
 
 1.02 
 
 1.04 
 
 1.02 
 
 1.09 
 
 1.00 
 
 0.89 
 
 0.91 
 
 Average increase .... 
 
 7 58 
 
 6.39 
 
 4 79 
 
 5 58 
 
 5 10 
 
 5 22 
 
 4 76 
 
 4 22 
 
 4 77 
 
 4 74 
 
 5 27 
 
 6 91 
 
 Ratio to mean of year. 
 
 1.39 
 
 1.17 
 
 88 
 
 1.03 
 
 0.94 
 
 0.96 
 
 0.87 
 
 0.78 
 
 0.88 
 
 0.87 
 
 0.97 
 
 1.27 
 
 Average decrease 
 
 7.20 
 
 8 36 
 
 6.12 
 
 6.29 
 
 6.72 
 
 6.15 
 
 6.10 
 
 5.35 
 
 6 43 
 
 5.47 
 
 4.92 
 
 6.88 
 
 Ratio to mean of year. 
 
 1.13 
 
 1.32 
 
 0.97 
 
 0.99 
 
 1 06 
 
 0.97 
 
 0.96 
 
 0.84 
 
 1.01 
 
 0.86 
 
 0.78 
 
 1.09 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLE X. 
 
 QIVINO FOR EACH OF THE SIXTEEN POINTS OF TBE WIND'S DIRECTION, THE MEAN DIFFERENCE OF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR 
 FROM THE 1 NORMAL AT 'THE THOUR OF OBSERVATION, WITH THE NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS FROM WHICH THE MEANS ARE 
 DERIVED, FOR THE YEARS 1853-69 INCLUSIVE. 
 The sign (-f) indicates that the observed temperature was in excess, and ( ) that it was in defect of the normal. 
 
 W 
 oq 
 
 03 
 
 1 
 
 CO CM US US <}< O CN 
 
 00 
 CN 
 
 
 
 e 
 
 3 
 
 id 
 
 P 
 
 CO CO U5 US CO CN CO 
 t- (N 00 CN OS O -H 
 
 
 
 rJ (N O O O CN 
 
 +++ 1 +++ 
 
 ++++++ 
 
 6 
 
 to 
 
 CO CO CO "S S l> CO 
 US CO CN US t- O (N 
 
 CO CO CN IN CM CO IN 
 
 -H 
 
 OS 
 
 rH 
 
 ^ 
 
 * CO "* OS * O I> 
 CO US US CO US CO * 
 
 CO 
 
 to 
 
 sd 
 P 
 
 CN t- t- C5 CN CO CO 
 
 O US CN CD CO * CO 
 
 00 
 US 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 'XI 
 
 (n 
 
 p 
 
 CN US CO CO CO 
 CO O * CO US fr. CO 
 
 a> 
 
 rH 
 
 
 ICC 
 
 +++T+++ 
 
 ii 
 
 CO CO CD * US O U5 
 US CO * *< CD US * 
 
 rH 
 
 6 
 
 to 
 
 ct3$3S3!S 
 
 1 
 
 
 ' 
 
 g 
 
 p 
 
 GO CO O O W3 ^O *O 
 CO GO V5 CO C^ CO rH 
 
 o 
 
 US 
 
 CO 
 
 ri 
 
 BO 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 p 
 
 *fl CO C5 00 Q C<l N 
 
 \ft m> IA '^p ^< ~- ^* 
 
 00 
 rH 
 
 * 
 
 co co I-H -* * c 
 
 II Ml 
 
 5 
 
 IN r-l O CO O 
 
 +++ 1 +++ 
 
 6 
 
 to 
 
 r-l 1 CO IN TH * CO 
 
 00 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 to 
 
 ^g5^ 
 
 1 
 
 to] 
 
 S 
 
 O5 O3 O CN t^ <X) m> 
 CO O5 * CN 00 00 U5 
 
 rH 
 
 T 
 
 CN CO US CO r 
 
 HC ? 
 
 ri 
 
 Q 
 
 > O * t> O t- 
 
 CD t~ t- CD <N Ci * 
 
 CO 
 
 ft 
 
 1 
 
 CO US CN O OS * 
 t CN CO ^ CM ' 
 
 rH rH rH rH r 
 
 P CO 
 H r-l 
 
 ft~O5 
 
 CO 
 rH 
 O5 
 
 "f^+^+qi 
 
 6 
 
 to 
 
 O US CO CO 00 CD Oi 
 O5 * CO CN O US t- 
 
 1 
 
 * 
 
 8 
 
 00 O CO rH *? C 
 IN rH J> O3 I> C 
 
 00 
 rH 
 
 rH CN CN "* ^ O rH 
 
 1+1 il+i 
 
 to 
 p4 
 
 p 
 
 CO US CD CO ~* t~ CN 
 OO CO CN O * O CO 
 
 CO 
 
 * 
 
 6 
 
 to 
 
 
 O US 
 H rH 
 
 rH 
 O 
 
 
 
 w.s.w. 
 
 1 
 
 CO US U3 rH US CO CO 
 
 CO 
 
 t- 
 
 d 
 
 6 
 
 to 
 
 CO t- "^ 00 CO US O 
 O3 00 t- CO CN t- CD 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 w 
 
 5 
 
 t* US 00 t^ *~ "^ CO 
 
 * O U5 CO CO * CO 
 
 00 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 US OJ fr- rH Q rH CO 
 
 O5 O CO Ol CO rH (N 
 
 CO 
 CN 
 
 O5 
 
 i1tft7*f 
 
 
 02 
 
 f _ 
 
 p 
 
 2ro*e5oo8 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 to 
 
 l> a W3 O CD W5 
 OO CD CO CO *> *> 
 
 1 
 
 ^jjjjj-j!^ 
 
 6 
 
 to 
 
 CD rH CM CO U5 CO 
 
 rH rH rH rH ri 
 
 I 
 
 to 
 
 si 
 p 
 
 CO CO *O ^ CO <N 
 CO CO <O t- d ^ CO 
 
 00 
 
 rH 
 
 T 
 
 -^ CJ U3 TH O CO W3 
 
 llT IT 1 1 
 
 02' 
 
 02 
 
 g 
 P 
 
 OJ O OJ CO 00 CO US 
 fr- Cl US O! O5 CO O 
 
 O 
 
 ff.^4+$Ti 
 
 6 
 
 to 
 
 00 fr- O5 rH Ol t- 00 
 ^) f t CD CO US CO 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 to 
 
 OS CN 00 C-l OS CO ^ 
 
 CN,-< rH IN CO O5 'J' 
 rH rH rH rH rH rH 
 
 i 
 
 to 
 
 
 
 p 
 
 CN C^ O O3 U5 00 O 
 
 CO CO t- CO US r- 00 
 
 s 
 
 T 
 
 02 
 
 p 
 
 OU5COgr-CO 
 
 S 
 
 rn CO CN * t O CO 
 III 111 
 
 '^COC^COO 
 
 | 
 
 ,H rH rH rH r-l rH rH 
 
 e 
 
 00 
 
 i 
 
 rH 
 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 CO * S CD 1> 00 OV 
 
 00 UO 00 00 00 OO 00 
 
 __, .--_ 
 
 1853-59 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 00 ^ ^ CO t> 00 O 
 W5 lO O O O *O O 
 00 00 00 00 X 00 00 
 rH rH rH rH rH rH rH 
 
 1853-59 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 83 
 
 TABLE XI. 
 
 MONTHLY AND YEARLY MEANS OP THE DIURNAL CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE (EXCLUSIVE OF THAT DUE TO 
 ANNUAL VARIATION) FROM 6 A. M. TO 6 A. M. FOR THE PERIOD 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE, ARRANGED 
 ACCORDING TO THE DAILY RESULTANT DIRECTION OF THE WIND. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Yew. 
 
 N. 
 
 o 
 
 5.1 
 
 o 
 
 4.6 
 
 o 
 0.8 
 
 2.7 
 
 -2.0 
 
 o 
 
 2.3 
 
 o 
 
 1.6 
 
 o 
 
 ^t.O 
 
 o 
 
 3.7 
 
 o 
 
 6.2 
 
 o 
 
 38 
 
 o 
 
 1.7 
 
 O 
 
 3.3 
 
 N.E. 
 
 + 3.3 
 
 + 1.4 
 
 0.0 
 
 +2.2 
 
 +0.6 
 
 +0.7 
 
 0.5 
 
 +3.2 
 
 +0.2 
 
 +1.2 
 
 1.7 
 
 + 43 
 
 + 1.5 
 
 E. 
 
 +10.5 
 
 + 9.0 
 
 +5.6 
 
 +2.9 
 
 +1.8 
 
 +0.3 
 
 +1.5 
 
 +1.7 
 
 +3.8 
 
 +3.4 
 
 +4.1 
 
 + 4.8 
 
 +3.5 
 
 S.E. 
 
 + 6.0 
 
 17.8 
 
 +7.0 
 
 +4.8 
 
 +2.5 
 
 +2.8 
 
 f2.1 
 
 +3.7 
 
 +5.3 
 
 +5.4 
 
 +4.3 
 
 +10.2 
 
 +4.6 
 
 S. 
 
 +11.7 
 
 -1- 1.6 
 
 +9.2 
 
 +2 1 
 
 +0.6 
 
 +1.6 
 
 +25 
 
 +1.8 
 
 +5.1 
 
 +3.7 
 
 -1-9.9 
 
 +18.0 
 
 +3.9 
 
 S.W. 
 
 + 3.1 
 
 + 7.4 
 
 +4.4 
 
 +0.4 
 
 -f-0.8 
 
 +1.5 
 
 +0.8 
 
 +2.6 
 
 +1.6 
 
 +3.0 
 
 +0.7 
 
 + 0.1 
 
 + 2.2 
 
 W. 
 
 4.1 
 
 1.8 
 
 3.8 
 
 2.4 
 
 1.7 
 
 0.4 
 
 3.4 
 
 2.0 
 
 4.4 
 
 3.0 
 
 2.9 
 
 3.4 
 
 2.9 
 
 N.W. 
 
 8.9 
 
 7.1 
 
 3.6 
 
 3.4 
 
 3.6 
 
 3.6 
 
 4.2 
 
 3.4 
 
 5.4 
 
 2.4 
 
 42 
 
 4.5 
 
 4.6 
 
 TABLE XII. 
 
 FREQUENCY OF INCREASING CHANGES OF TEMPERATURE THE TOTAL NUMBER IN EACH MONTH AND 
 
 DIRECTION BEING EXPRESSED BY 100. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Year. 
 
 N. 
 
 36 
 
 41 
 
 33 
 
 40 
 
 32 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 13 
 
 33 
 
 29 
 
 36 
 
 48 
 
 34 
 
 N.E. 
 
 67 
 
 65 
 
 25 
 
 71 
 
 63 
 
 56 
 
 30 
 
 70 
 
 65 
 
 65 
 
 30 
 
 70 
 
 67 
 
 E. 
 
 92 
 
 81 
 
 93 
 
 80 
 
 71 
 
 50 
 
 67 
 
 68 
 
 74 
 
 66 
 
 90 
 
 84 
 
 75 
 
 S.E. 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 83 
 
 85 
 
 79 
 
 73 
 
 70 
 
 69 
 
 71 
 
 75 
 
 67 
 
 100 
 
 77 
 
 S. 
 
 86 
 
 40 
 
 87 
 
 64 
 
 63 
 
 75 
 
 78 
 
 68 
 
 83 
 
 62 
 
 83 
 
 100 
 
 74 
 
 S.W. 
 
 68 
 
 79 
 
 58 
 
 60 
 
 53 
 
 69 
 
 68 
 
 78 
 
 66 
 
 66 
 
 59 
 
 60 
 
 63 
 
 W. 
 
 36 
 
 42 
 
 30 
 
 33 
 
 42 
 
 48 
 
 31 
 
 39 
 
 32 
 
 44 
 
 40 
 
 31 
 
 37 
 
 N.W. 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 33 
 
 42 
 
 33 
 
 36 
 
 26 
 
 21 
 
 26 
 
 36 
 
 42 
 
 31 
 
 31 
 
 TABLE XIII. 
 
 AGGREGATE OF INCREASING CHANGES FOR EACH DIRECTION, THE JOINT AGGREGATE OF INCREASING AND 
 DECREASING CHANGES FOR ANY ONE MONTH AND DIRECTION BEING EXPRESSED BY 100. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Year. 
 
 N. 
 
 28 
 
 21 
 
 44 
 
 30 
 
 25 
 
 15 
 
 19 
 
 4 
 
 15 
 
 5 
 
 22 
 
 40 
 
 25 
 
 N.E. 
 
 74 
 
 57 
 
 50 
 
 71 
 
 58 
 
 61 
 
 34 
 
 83 
 
 52 
 
 61 
 
 37 
 
 76 
 
 63 
 
 E. 
 
 99 
 
 93 
 
 97 
 
 83 
 
 74 
 
 55 
 
 72 
 
 73 
 
 85 
 
 76 
 
 85 
 
 85 
 
 83 
 
 S.E. 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 94 
 
 91 
 
 84 
 
 80 
 
 84 
 
 94 
 
 87 
 
 85 
 
 75 
 
 100 
 
 88 
 
 S. 
 
 84 
 
 65 
 
 94 
 
 80 
 
 58 
 
 74 
 
 81 
 
 72 
 
 90 
 
 76 
 
 89 
 
 100 
 
 82 
 
 S.W. 
 
 67 
 
 84 
 
 79 
 
 55 
 
 68 
 
 74 
 
 62 
 
 79 
 
 63 
 
 71 
 
 55 
 
 61 
 
 67 
 
 W. 
 
 26 
 
 41 
 
 21 
 
 21 
 
 29 
 
 46 
 
 12 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 31 
 
 31 
 
 31 
 
 30 
 
 N.W. 
 
 13 
 
 16 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 18 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 30 
 
 20 
 
 26 
 
 18 
 
84 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLE XIV. 
 
 MONTHLY AND YEARLY MEANS OF THE DIURNAL CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE, WITHOUT REGARD TO SIGN 
 AND EXCLUDING THAT DUE TO ANNUAL VARIATION, FROM 6 A.M. TO 6 A.M FOR THE PERIOD 1854 TO 1859, 
 ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE DAILY RESULTANT DIRECTION OF THE WIND. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 Joly. 
 
 August. 
 
 September. 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Year. 
 
 N. 
 
 1173 
 
 8?02 
 
 687 
 
 6.79 
 
 o 
 
 4.04 
 
 339 
 
 O 
 
 2.54 
 
 4?43 
 
 538 
 
 689 
 
 o 
 6.G1 
 
 917 
 
 658 
 
 N.E. 
 
 0.80 
 
 10.44 
 
 5 58 
 
 5 29 
 
 3.82 
 
 3.06 
 
 1.63 
 
 4.75 
 
 6.05 
 
 5 15 
 
 6.68 
 
 8.17 
 
 5.75 
 
 . 
 
 10 75 
 
 10.50 
 
 5.92 
 
 4.30 
 
 3.85 
 
 3.51 
 
 3.48 
 
 3.77 
 
 5.36 
 
 6.40 
 
 5.82 
 
 6.98 
 
 5.32 
 
 S.E. 
 
 6.00 
 
 17.80 
 
 7.98 
 
 5.92 
 
 3.61 
 
 4.65 
 
 3.10 
 
 4.21 
 
 7.06 
 
 7.79 
 
 8.50 
 
 10 20 
 
 5.93 
 
 S. 
 
 17.20 
 
 5.42 
 
 10 50 
 
 3.39 
 
 3.69 
 
 3 43 
 
 4.01 
 
 4.06 
 
 6 35 
 
 7.20 
 
 12.72 
 
 17.98 
 
 5 95 
 
 S.W. 
 
 9.18 
 
 10.85 
 
 7.69 
 
 4 31 
 
 4.95 
 
 3.01 
 
 3.49 
 
 4 54 
 
 6.41 
 
 7.24 
 
 7.14 
 
 5.21 
 
 6.36 
 
 W. 
 
 8.56 
 
 10.09 
 
 6.48 
 
 4.26 
 
 3 99 
 
 4.67 
 
 4.49 
 
 4.04 
 
 7.40 
 
 8.06 
 
 7.53 
 
 8.97 
 
 7.06 
 
 N.W. 
 
 12.03 
 
 9.95 
 
 6.33 
 
 5 90 
 
 5 67 
 
 5.06 
 
 5.02 
 
 4.21 
 
 6.49 
 
 6.22 
 
 7.00 
 
 9.33 
 
 6.99 
 
 Means 
 
 10.28 
 
 10.38 
 
 7.17 
 
 5.02 
 
 4.20 
 
 3.82 
 
 3.47 
 
 4.25 
 
 6.31 
 
 6.87 
 
 7.76 
 
 9.50 
 
 6.24 
 
 TABLE XV. 
 
 COMPARATIVE CHANGES OP TEMPERATURE IN THE SAME MONTH THAT ARE DUE TO DIFFERENT WINDS, BEING 
 THE NUMBERS IN TABLE XIV. EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF THE ARITHMETIC MEAN CHANGE IN THAT MONTH 
 FOR ALL WINDS. 
 
 jl January. 
 
 Febraaiy. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 Jun. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September. 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Year. 
 
 N. 
 
 1.14 
 
 0.77 
 
 0.96 
 
 1 36 
 
 0.96 
 
 0.89 
 
 0.73 
 
 1.04 
 
 85 
 
 1.00 
 
 0.85 
 
 0.97 
 
 1.05 
 
 N.E. 
 
 0.66 
 
 1.01 
 
 78 
 
 1 05 
 
 0.91 
 
 0.80 
 
 0.47 
 
 1 12 
 
 0.96 
 
 0.75 
 
 0.86 
 
 0.86 
 
 0.92 
 
 E. 
 
 1.05 
 
 1.01 
 
 0.83 
 
 0.86 
 
 92 
 
 0.92 
 
 1.00 
 
 0.89 
 
 0.85 
 
 93 
 
 0.75 
 
 0.73 
 
 0.85 
 
 S.E. 
 
 58 
 
 1 71 
 
 1.11 
 
 1.18 
 
 0.86 
 
 1.19 
 
 0.89 
 
 0.99 
 
 1.12 
 
 1.13 
 
 1.10 
 
 1.07 
 
 0.95 
 
 S. 
 
 167 
 
 0.52 
 
 1 46 
 
 0.68 
 
 0.88 
 
 0.90 
 
 1 1C 
 
 0.96 
 
 1.01 
 
 1 06 
 
 1.64 
 
 1.89 
 
 0.95 
 
 8.W. 
 
 0.89 
 
 1.05 
 
 1.07 
 
 0.86 
 
 1.18 
 
 0.79 
 
 1.01 
 
 1.07 
 
 1.02 
 
 1.05 
 
 0.92 
 
 0.55 
 
 1 02 
 
 W. 
 
 0.83 
 
 0.97 
 
 0.90 
 
 0.85 
 
 0.96 
 
 1.20 
 
 1.29 
 
 96 
 
 1.17 
 
 1 17 
 
 0.97 
 
 0.94 
 
 1.13 
 
 N.W. 
 
 1.17 
 
 0.96 
 
 0.88 
 
 1.18 
 
 1.35 
 
 1.32 
 
 1.45 
 
 0.99 
 
 1.03 
 
 0.91 
 
 0.90 
 
 98 
 
 1.12 
 
 TABLE XVI. 
 
 COMPARATIVE DIURNAL CHANGES OF TEMPERATURE THAT ARE DUE IN DIFFERENT MONTHS TO THE SAME 
 WIND, BEING THE NUMBERS IN TABLE XIV. EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF THE ANNUAL ARITHMETIC MEAN 
 FOR THAT WIND. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September. 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 
 N. 
 
 1.86 
 
 1.27 
 
 1.09 
 
 1.07 
 
 0.64 
 
 0.64 
 
 0.40 
 
 0.70 
 
 5 
 
 1.09 
 
 1.05 
 
 1.45 
 
 
 N.E. 
 
 1 -2] 
 
 1.86 
 
 99 
 
 94 
 
 0.68 
 
 0.55 
 
 29 
 
 0.85 
 
 1.08 
 
 0.92 
 
 1.19 
 
 1.45 
 
 
 E. 
 
 I 83 
 
 1.78 
 
 1.01 
 
 0.73 
 
 0.65 
 
 0.60 
 
 0.59 
 
 0.64 
 
 0.91 1.09 
 
 0.99 
 
 1.19 
 
 
 S.E. 
 
 0.83 
 
 2.46 
 
 1.10 
 
 82 
 
 0.50 
 
 0.63 
 
 43 
 
 0.68 
 
 98 
 
 1.08 
 
 1.18 
 
 1.41 
 
 
 S. 
 
 2 15 
 
 0.68 
 
 1 31 
 
 42 
 
 0.46 
 
 0.43 
 
 50 
 
 0.61 
 
 0.79 
 
 0.90 
 
 1.59 
 
 2.25 
 
 
 S.WJ 
 
 1.49 
 
 1 70 
 
 1 25 
 
 0.70 
 
 0.80 
 
 0.49 
 
 0.57 
 
 0.74 
 
 1.04 
 
 1.17 
 
 1.16 
 
 0.84 
 
 
 W. 
 
 1.31 
 
 1.64 
 
 0.89 
 
 0.66 
 
 O.C1 
 
 0.70 
 
 O.G9 
 
 0.62 
 
 1.13 
 
 1.23 
 
 L.J6 
 
 1.37 
 
 
 N.W. 
 
 1 74 
 
 1.44 
 
 0.91 
 
 0.86 
 
 0.82 
 
 0.73 
 
 0.72 
 
 0.61 
 
 0.94 
 
 0.90 
 
 1.0! 
 
 1.35 
 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 85 
 
 TABLE XVII. 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE DAILY MAXIMA, MINIMA, AND RANGES OF TEMPERATURE FOR THE YEARS 
 
 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 MAXIMA. 
 
 Month*. 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September. 
 
 October. 
 
 November.) December. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 1854 
 
 29.31 
 
 29.63 
 
 36.40 
 
 4?.82 
 
 61.82 
 
 74.53 
 
 84.79 
 
 8(5.72 
 
 72.63 
 
 58.97 
 
 42.08 
 
 29.46 
 
 1855 
 
 32.83 
 
 23.19 
 
 36.52 
 
 52.93 
 
 65.40 
 
 68.89 
 
 76.75 
 
 74.61 
 
 68.44 52.60 
 
 45.50 
 
 32.91 
 
 1856 
 
 22.65 
 
 24.22 
 
 30.47 
 
 50.47 
 
 59.56 
 
 71.59 
 
 80.36 
 
 73.74 
 
 66.69 54.04 
 
 43.02 
 
 28.74 
 
 3857 
 
 19.46 
 
 35.66 
 
 35.25 
 
 43.36 
 
 57.17 
 
 65.48 
 
 76.79 
 
 74.45 
 
 67.48 
 
 51.93 
 
 39.94 
 
 35.75 
 
 1858 
 
 35.27 
 
 24.11 
 
 37.01 
 
 48.32 
 
 55.74 
 
 73.94 
 
 75.44 
 
 75.38 
 
 67.52 
 
 55.79 
 
 37.90 
 
 33.19 
 
 1859 
 
 30.46 
 
 31.85 
 
 42.10 
 
 46.54 
 
 63.40 
 
 66.93 
 
 74.65 
 
 75.01 
 
 62.68 
 
 50.38 
 
 43.95 
 
 25.26 
 
 Means. 
 
 28.33 
 
 28.11 
 
 36.29 
 
 48.24 
 
 60.51 
 
 70.23 
 
 78.13 
 
 75.65 
 
 67.57 
 
 53.95 
 
 42.07 
 
 30.88 
 
 MINIMA. 
 
 1854 
 
 13.53 
 
 9.15 
 
 22.94 
 
 30.69 
 
 37.90 
 
 49.84 
 
 58.46 
 
 55.26 
 
 49.09 
 
 41.32 
 
 28.13 
 
 14.38 
 
 1855 
 
 17.54 
 
 4.81 
 
 19.63 
 
 32.06 
 
 41.42 
 
 50.68 
 
 60.05 
 
 54.09 
 
 49.94 
 
 34.55 
 
 28.74 
 
 18.75 
 
 1856 
 
 6.02 
 
 3.57 
 
 12.87 
 
 33.39 
 
 40.63 
 
 52.39 
 
 59.04 
 
 52.95 
 
 45.66 
 
 35.22 
 
 28.74 
 
 15.55 
 
 1857 
 
 0.85 
 
 20.42 
 
 17.79 
 
 27.24 
 
 40.24 
 
 48.99 
 
 59.32 
 
 54.95 
 
 48.14 
 
 37.47 
 
 26.55 
 
 24.20 
 
 1858 
 
 23.73 
 
 10.85 
 
 21.93 
 
 34.15 
 
 41.68 
 
 56.41 
 
 59.98 
 
 59.21 
 
 50.79 
 
 43.41 
 
 30.03 
 
 21.37 
 
 1859 
 
 18.55 
 
 19.71 
 
 30.48 
 
 32.92 
 
 47.13 
 
 49.82 
 
 59.20 
 
 59.38 
 
 49.32 
 
 37.05 
 
 32.77 
 
 12.94 
 
 Means. 
 
 13.37 
 
 11.42 
 
 20.94 
 
 31.74 
 
 41.50 
 
 51.35 
 
 59.34 
 
 55.97 
 
 48.82 
 
 38.17 
 
 29.16 
 
 17.87 
 
 RANGES. 
 
 1854 
 
 lire 
 
 20.47 
 
 13.38 
 
 17.13 
 
 23.92 
 
 24.69 
 
 26.33 
 
 25.46 
 
 23.50 
 
 17.65 
 
 13.94 
 
 15.08 
 
 1855 
 
 15.29 
 
 18.38 
 
 16.89 
 
 20.87 
 
 23.98 
 
 18.21 
 
 16.70 
 
 20.52 
 
 18.51 
 
 18.05 
 
 16.76 
 
 14.16 
 
 1856 
 
 16.63 
 
 20.65 
 
 17.60 
 
 17.08 
 
 18.93 
 
 19.20 
 
 21.32 
 
 20.79 
 
 21.03 
 
 18.82 
 
 14.27 
 
 13.19 
 
 1857 
 
 18.61 
 
 15.25 
 
 17.46 
 
 16.12 
 
 16.94 
 
 16.49 
 
 17.47 
 
 19.50 
 
 19.34 
 
 14.45 
 
 13.39 
 
 11.55 
 
 1858 
 
 11.54 
 
 13.26 
 
 15.08 
 
 14.16 
 
 14.06 
 
 17.54 
 
 15.45 
 
 16.17 
 
 16.73 
 
 12.37 
 
 7.87 
 
 11.82 
 
 1859 
 
 11.91 
 
 12.15 
 
 11.62 
 
 13.62 
 
 16.26 
 
 17.11 
 
 15.45 
 
 15.63 
 
 13.36 
 
 13.33 
 
 11.19 
 
 ,12.32 
 
 Means. 
 
 14.96 
 
 16.69 
 
 15.34 
 
 16.50 
 
 19.02 
 
 18.87 
 
 18.79 
 
 19.68 
 
 18.75 
 
 15.78 
 
 12.90 
 
 13.20 
 
86 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 TABLE XVIII. 
 
 HIGHEST AND LOWEST TEMPERATURES IN EACH MONTH, AND MONTHLY RANGES OF TEMPERATURE FOR THE 
 
 YEARS 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 MAXIMA. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 Mav 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 Tempr. 
 
 Date. 
 
 1854 
 
 
 
 46.4 
 
 O 
 
 42.8 
 
 Q 
 
 55.1 
 
 64.5 
 
 O 
 
 71.4 
 
 92.5 
 
 98.0 
 
 99.2 
 
 93.6 
 
 O 
 
 75.4 
 
 55.4 
 
 44.8 
 
 99.2 
 
 24th Aug. 
 
 1865 
 
 49.0 
 
 39.0 
 
 49.4 
 
 69.4 
 
 77.6 
 
 91.5 
 
 92.8 
 
 83.5 
 
 82.6 
 
 68.0 
 
 59.2 
 
 47.0 
 
 92.8 
 
 19th July. 
 
 1856 
 
 344 
 
 37.8 
 
 41.4 
 
 72.2 
 
 82.2 
 
 89.2 
 
 96.6 
 
 82.7 
 
 78.4 
 
 71.4 
 
 56.4 
 
 42.2 
 
 96.6 
 
 17th July. 
 
 1857 
 
 37.2 
 
 52.4 
 
 57.6 
 
 52.0 
 
 74.8 
 
 76.0 
 
 86.6 
 
 88.2 
 
 82.0 
 
 64.0 
 
 58.2 
 
 46.0 
 
 88.2 
 
 13th Aug. 
 
 1858 
 
 47.4 
 
 42.4 
 
 55.4 
 
 65.2 
 
 69.8 
 
 90.2 
 
 85.0 
 
 84.0 
 
 81.4 
 
 76.3 
 
 53.0 
 
 45.4 
 
 90.2 
 
 26th June 
 
 1859 
 
 43.2 
 
 46.2 
 
 54.2 
 
 64.8 
 
 79.6 
 
 86.4 
 
 88.0 
 
 82.2 
 
 75.4 
 
 69.8 
 
 62.6 
 
 54.8 
 
 88.0 
 
 12th July. 
 
 Means. 
 
 42.9 
 
 43.4 
 
 52.2 
 
 64.7 
 
 75.9 
 
 87.6 
 
 91.2 
 
 86.6 
 
 82.2 
 
 70.8 
 
 57.5 
 
 46.7 
 
 92.5 
 
 24th July. 
 
 MINIMA. 
 
 1854 
 
 (5.4 
 
 10 8 
 
 O 
 
 7.4 
 
 20.2 
 
 25.2 
 
 35.3 
 
 42.5 
 
 45.6 
 
 35.8 
 
 
 
 26.4 
 
 13.8 
 
 -7.0 
 
 30.8 
 
 24th Jan. 
 
 1855 
 
 5.4 
 
 25.4 
 
 2.9 
 
 10.7 
 
 33.0 
 
 36.2 
 
 49.2 
 
 40.0 
 
 33.0 
 
 22.6 
 
 15.5 
 
 5.2 
 
 25.4 
 
 5th Feb. 
 
 1856 
 
 12.0 
 
 18 7 
 
 14.0 
 
 14.2 
 
 31.2 
 
 42.0 
 
 49.5 
 
 41.5 
 
 35.0 
 
 23.0 
 
 18.8 
 
 9.1 
 
 18.7 
 
 12th Feb. 
 
 1857 
 
 20.1 
 
 69 
 
 5.5 
 
 5.9 
 
 26.0 
 
 35.0 
 
 47.0 
 
 46.0 
 
 34.1 
 
 26.5 
 
 3.5 
 
 4.7 
 
 20.1 22nd Jan. 
 
 1858 
 
 6.5 
 
 7.3 
 
 5.5 
 
 21.8 
 
 31.0 
 
 42.6 
 
 62.0 
 
 44.0 
 
 35.6 
 
 31.5 
 
 15.3 
 
 4.2 
 
 7.3;17th Feb. 
 
 1859 
 
 26.5 
 
 2.1 
 
 9.8 
 
 22.6 
 
 39.6 
 
 32.2 
 
 44.7 
 
 46.8 
 
 35.7 
 
 22.3 
 
 21.8 
 
 6.0 
 
 26.6 
 
 10th Jan. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Means. 10.6 
 
 11.0 
 
 1.8 
 
 15.9 
 
 31.0 
 
 37.2 
 
 47.5 
 
 43.8 
 
 34.9 
 
 25.4 
 
 13.6 
 
 3.1 
 
 18.1 
 
 31st Jan. 
 
 MONTHLY RANGES. 
 
 1864 
 
 61.8 
 
 53.6 
 
 47.7 
 
 44.3 
 
 46.2 
 
 O 
 
 57.3 
 
 65.5 
 
 63.6 
 
 67.8 
 
 49.0 
 
 41.6 
 
 51.8 
 
 110.0 
 
 1855 
 
 Ml 
 
 64.4 
 
 62.3 
 
 68.7 
 
 44.5 
 
 66.3 
 
 43.6 
 
 43.5 
 
 49.6 
 
 45.4 
 
 43.7 
 
 52.2 
 
 118.2 
 
 1866 
 
 46.4 
 
 56.5 
 
 65.4 
 
 68.0 
 
 61.0 
 
 47.2 
 
 47.1 
 
 41.2 
 
 43.4 
 
 48.4 
 
 37.6 
 
 61.3 
 
 115.3 
 
 1857 
 
 57.3 
 
 68.3 
 
 63.1 
 
 46.1 
 
 48.8 
 
 41.0 
 
 39.6 
 
 42.2 
 
 47.9 
 
 37.5 
 
 61.7 
 
 41.3 
 
 108.3 
 
 1858 
 
 40.9 
 
 49.7 
 
 60.9 
 
 43.4 
 
 38.8 
 
 47.7 
 
 33.0 
 
 40.0 
 
 45.8 44.8 
 
 37.7 
 
 41.2 
 
 97.6 
 
 1869 
 
 69.7 
 
 44.1 
 
 44.4 
 
 42.2 
 
 40.1 
 
 54.2 
 
 43.3 
 
 36.4 
 
 39.7 
 
 47.5 
 
 40.8 
 
 60.8 
 
 114.5 
 
 Means.' 63.4 1 64.4 
 
 64.0 
 
 48.8 
 
 44.9 
 
 60.4 
 
 43.7 
 
 42.8 
 
 47.4 
 
 46 A 
 
 43.9 
 
 49.8 
 
 110.6 
 
TOBONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 TABLE XIX. 
 
 87 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE BAROMETER AT EACH OP THE SIX OBSERVATION HOURS, FROM 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE 
 
 Barometer at 32 = 27 inches + the number in the table. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 ,* 
 
 4, 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means . 
 
 
 1854 
 
 2.583 
 
 2.601 
 
 2.624 
 
 2.615 
 
 2.602 
 
 2.617 
 
 2.607 
 
 
 1855 
 
 2.630 
 
 2.645 
 
 2.664 
 
 2.655 
 
 2.617 
 
 2.626 
 
 2.639 
 
 a 
 
 p 
 
 1856 
 1857 
 
 2.645 
 2.714 
 
 2.653 
 2.713 
 
 2.685 
 2.734 
 
 2.679 
 2.729 
 
 2.669 
 2.762 
 
 2.687 
 2.765 
 
 2.670 
 2.736 
 
 "> 
 
 1858 
 
 2.648 
 
 2.662 
 
 2.713 
 
 2.714 
 
 2.656 
 
 2.660 
 
 2.676 
 
 
 1859 
 
 2.652 
 
 2.665 
 
 2.683 
 
 2.675 
 
 2.689 
 
 2.698 
 
 2.677 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 2.645 
 
 2.656 
 
 2.684 
 
 2.678 
 
 2.666 
 
 2.675 
 
 2.667 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2 h. 
 
 A A. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 2.669 
 
 2.667 
 
 2.710 
 
 2.714 
 
 2.697 
 
 2.711 
 
 2.695 
 
 :BRUARY. 
 
 1855 
 1856 
 1857 
 
 2.602 
 2.457 
 2.743 
 
 2.612 
 2.462 
 2.728 
 
 2.644 
 2.503 
 2.707 
 
 2.638 
 2.507 
 2.697 
 
 2.617 
 2.495 
 2.760 
 
 2.636 
 2.507 
 2.781 
 
 2.625 
 2.488 
 2.736 
 
 E 
 
 1858 
 
 2.650 
 
 2.641 
 
 2.651 
 
 2.645 
 
 2.680 
 
 2.695 
 
 2.660 
 
 
 1859 
 
 2.624 
 
 2.621 
 
 2.633 
 
 2.622 
 
 2.637 
 
 2.656 
 
 2.632 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 2.624 
 
 2.622 
 
 2.641 
 
 2.637 
 
 2.648 
 
 2.664 
 
 2.639 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2,. 
 
 4ft. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly. 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 2.494 
 
 2.493 
 
 2.530 
 
 2.520 
 
 2.552 
 
 2.557 
 
 2.525 
 
 
 1855 
 
 2.485 
 
 2.477 
 
 2.. 513 
 
 2.516 
 
 2.540 
 
 2.547 
 
 2.513 
 
 W 
 
 1856 
 
 2.538 
 
 2.543 
 
 2.570 
 
 2.570 
 
 2.562 
 
 2.571 
 
 2.559 
 
 P3 
 
 1857 
 
 2.566 
 
 2.567 
 
 2.618 
 
 2.618 
 
 2.599 
 
 2.606 
 
 2.596 
 
 
 1858 
 
 2.607 
 
 2.601 
 
 2.622 
 
 2.612 
 
 2.632 
 
 2.645 
 
 2.620 
 
 
 1859 
 
 2.397 
 
 2.393 
 
 2.416 
 
 2.411 
 
 2.425 
 
 2.434 
 
 2.413 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 2.515 
 
 2.512 
 
 2.545 
 
 2.541 
 
 2.552 
 
 2.560 
 
 2.538 
 
88 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLE XIX. (Continued.) 
 
 MOKTHLY MEANS OP THE BAROMETER AT BACH OP THE SIX OBSERVATION HOURS, FROM 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Barometer at 32 = 27 inches + the numbers in the table. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2/i. 
 
 4h. 
 
 10 fc. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Means. 
 
 
 1864 
 
 2.621 
 
 2.604 
 
 2.648 
 
 2.654 
 
 2 646 
 
 2.655 
 
 2.638 
 
 
 1855 
 
 2.642 
 
 2.636 
 
 2.659 
 
 2.662 
 
 2 664 
 
 2.670 
 
 2.664 
 
 J 
 
 1 
 
 1856 
 1867 
 
 2.569 
 2.612 
 
 2.653 
 2.508 
 
 2 587 
 2.565 
 
 2.686 
 2.660 
 
 2.593 
 2.611 
 
 2.597 
 2.524 
 
 2.579 
 2.530 
 
 
 1858 
 
 2.492 
 
 2.477 
 
 2.497 
 
 2.492 
 
 2.614 
 
 2.621 
 
 2 499 
 
 
 1859 
 
 2.614 
 
 2.513 
 
 2.564 
 
 2.552 
 
 2.538 
 
 2.540 
 
 2.635 
 
 
 Means. 2.567 
 11 
 
 2.648 
 
 2.685 
 
 2.583 
 
 2.678 
 
 2 684 
 
 2.572 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2 h. 
 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 ft. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1864 
 
 2.648 
 
 2.536 
 
 2.677 
 
 2.577 
 
 2.574 
 
 2.584 
 
 2.566 
 
 
 1865 
 
 2.646 
 
 2.633 
 
 2.636 
 
 2.634 
 
 2.676 
 
 2.685 
 
 2.651 
 
 (H 
 
 1866 
 
 2.577 
 
 2.564 
 
 2.576 
 
 2.568 
 
 2.596 
 
 2.C12 
 
 2.682 
 
 s 
 
 1857 
 
 2.528 
 
 2.516 
 
 2.532 
 
 2.623 
 
 2.653 
 
 2.560 
 
 2.536 
 
 
 1858 
 
 2 671 
 
 2.568 
 
 2.689 
 
 2.589 
 
 2.587 
 
 2 600 
 
 2.584 
 
 
 1869 
 
 2.667 
 
 2.638 
 
 2.647 
 
 2 643 
 
 2.680 
 
 2.694 
 
 2.660 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 2.588 
 
 2.676 
 
 2.593 
 
 2.689 
 
 2.611 
 
 2.622 2.696 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical Time. 
 
 2h. 
 
 4/i. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20V 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 2.644 
 
 2.534 
 
 2.551 
 
 2.646 
 
 2.562 
 
 2.573 
 
 2.551 
 
 
 1865 
 
 2.502 
 
 2.489 
 
 2.614 
 
 2.509 
 
 2.632 
 
 2.535 
 
 2.613 
 
 H 
 
 1866 
 
 2.642 
 
 2.524 
 
 2.643 
 
 2.544 
 
 2.665 
 
 2.673 
 
 2.648 
 
 -> 
 
 1857 
 
 2.416 
 
 2.406 
 
 2.430 
 
 2.430 
 
 2.436 
 
 2.442 
 
 2.427 
 
 
 1868 
 
 2.586 
 
 2.672 
 
 2.602 
 
 2.603 
 
 2.630 
 
 2.642 
 
 2.606 
 
 
 1869 
 
 2.609 
 
 2.600 
 
 2.631 
 
 2.62C 
 
 2.620 
 
 2.C32 
 
 2.620 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 2.633 
 
 2.521 
 
 2.546 
 
 2.543 
 
 2.558 
 
 2.666 
 
 2.644 
 
TOEONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 89 
 
 TABLE XIX. (Continued) 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE BAROMETER AT EACH OP THE SIX OBSERVATION HOCTRS, FROM 1854 TO 1819 INCLUSIVE. 
 Barometer at 32 = 27 inches + the numbers in the table. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2/i. 
 
 4 h. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18/i. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 2.628 
 
 2.607 
 
 2.629 
 
 2.637 
 
 2.669 
 
 2.672 
 
 2.640 
 
 
 1855 
 
 2.603 
 
 2.589 
 
 2.612 
 
 2.615 
 
 2.619 
 
 2.628 
 
 2.611 
 
 H 
 
 1856 
 
 2.584 
 
 2.562 
 
 2.576 
 
 2.577 
 
 2.619 
 
 2.629 
 
 2.591 
 
 1 
 
 1857 
 
 2.581 
 
 2.568 
 
 2.589 
 
 2.589 
 
 2.594 
 
 2.608 
 
 2.588 
 
 
 1858 
 
 2.598 
 
 2.583 
 
 2.599 
 
 2.597 
 
 2.625 
 
 2.630 
 
 2.605 
 
 
 1859 
 
 2.638 
 
 2.628 
 
 2.644 
 
 2.640 
 
 2.667 
 
 2.672 
 
 2.648 
 
 
 Means. 2.605 
 
 2.589 
 
 2.608 
 
 2.609 
 
 2.632 
 
 2.640 
 
 2.614 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2,. 
 
 4/i. 
 
 10 A. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18,. 
 
 20 A. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 2.639 
 
 2.623 
 
 2.642 
 
 2.641 
 
 2.669 
 
 2.673 
 
 2.648 
 
 | 
 
 1855 
 1856 
 
 2.642 
 2.507 
 
 2.629 
 2.501 
 
 2.650 
 2.524 
 
 2.651 
 2.525 
 
 2.672 
 2.531 
 
 2.675 
 2.537 
 
 2.653 
 2.521 
 
 P 
 
 1857 
 
 2.583 
 
 2.574 
 
 2.594 
 
 2.600 
 
 2.604 
 
 2.612 
 
 2.594 
 
 
 1858 
 
 2.608 
 
 2.597 
 
 2.620 
 
 2.617 
 
 2.633 
 
 2.642 
 
 2.619 
 
 
 1859 
 
 2.591 
 
 2.578 
 
 2.600 
 
 2.600 
 
 2.609 
 
 2.617 
 
 2.599 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 2.595 
 
 2.584 
 
 2.605 
 
 2.606 
 
 2.620 
 
 2.626 
 
 2.606 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2 A. 
 
 4 A. 
 
 10 A. 
 
 12 A. 
 
 18 A. 
 
 20 A. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 2.688 
 
 2.674 
 
 2.697 
 
 2.695 
 
 2.722 
 
 2.730 
 
 2.701 
 
 SEPTEMBER. 
 
 1855 
 1856 
 1857 
 1858 
 
 2.713 
 2.580 
 2.696 
 2.636 
 
 2.696 
 2.580 
 2.686 
 2.620 
 
 2.707 
 2.606 
 2.710 
 2.643 
 
 2.705 
 2.601 
 2.707 
 2.639 
 
 2.751 
 2.616 
 2.733 
 2.677 
 
 2.755 
 2.618 
 2.740 
 2.686 
 
 2.721 
 2.600 
 2.712 
 2.650 
 
 
 1859 
 
 2.655 
 
 2.649 
 
 2.672 
 
 2.668 
 
 2.676 
 
 2.692 
 
 2.669 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 2.661 
 
 2.651 
 
 2.672 
 
 2.669 
 
 2.696 
 
 2.703 
 
 2.675 
 
 12 
 
90 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLE XIX. (Continued.) 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE BAROMETER, AT EACH OF THE SIX OBSERVATION HOURS, FROM 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Barometer at 32= 27 inches + the numbers in the table. 
 
 Toronto fc 
 
 Astronomical time. | 
 
 4h. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18ft, 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 2.677 
 
 2.675 
 
 2.703 
 
 2.699 
 
 2.699 
 
 2.719 
 
 2.696 
 
 d 
 
 1865 
 
 2.535 
 
 2.538 
 
 2.555 
 
 2.640 
 
 2.566 
 
 2.676 
 
 2.551 
 
 OCTOBK 
 
 1856 
 1857 
 1858 
 
 2.689 
 2.647 
 2.668 
 
 2.684 
 2.649 
 2.668 
 
 2.713 
 2.671 
 2.689 
 
 2.713 
 2.672 
 2.681 
 
 2.715 
 
 2.677 
 2.684 
 
 6.727 
 2.686 
 2.697 
 
 2.707 
 2.667 
 2.681 
 
 
 1859 
 
 2.589 
 
 2.596 
 
 2.634 
 
 2.634 
 
 2.609 
 
 2.625 
 
 2.615 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 2.634 
 
 2.635 
 
 2.661 
 
 2.657 
 
 2.658 
 
 3.672 
 
 2.653 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2 A. 
 
 4 h. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 20 h - Means 
 
 
 1854 
 
 2.426 
 
 2.436 
 
 2.448 
 
 2.443 
 
 2.427 
 
 2.465 
 
 2.439 
 
 ti 
 
 1856 
 
 2.637 
 
 2.639 
 
 2.667 
 
 2.673 
 
 2.677 
 
 2.694 
 
 2.664 
 
 H 
 
 1866 
 
 2.621 
 
 2.636 
 
 2.659 
 
 2.667 
 
 2.641 
 
 2.639 
 
 2.642 
 
 > 
 
 1857 
 
 2.487 
 
 2.497 
 
 2.540 
 
 2.544 
 
 2.530 
 
 2.645 
 
 2.524 
 
 * 
 
 1858 
 
 2.616 
 
 2.622 
 
 2.631 
 
 2.628 
 
 2.622 
 
 2.640 
 
 2.627 
 
 
 1869 
 
 2 653 
 
 2.669 
 
 2.666 
 
 2.657 
 
 2.699 
 
 2.713 
 
 2.675 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 2.673 
 
 2.682 
 
 2.602 
 
 2.600 
 
 2.599 
 
 2.614 
 
 2.595 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 Zh. 
 
 4V 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 2.572 
 
 2.583 
 
 2.600 
 
 2.598 
 
 2.581 
 
 2.691 
 
 2.687 
 
 d 
 
 1855 
 
 2.697 
 
 2.701 
 
 2.701 
 
 2.696 
 
 2.701 
 
 2.718 
 
 2.702 
 
 i 
 
 1856 
 
 2.694 
 
 2.707 
 
 2.717 
 
 2.719 
 
 2.708 
 
 2.723 
 
 2.711 
 
 1 
 
 1857 
 
 2.699 
 
 2.612 
 
 2.649 
 
 2.647 
 
 2.597 
 
 2.609 
 
 2.619 
 
 i 
 
 1858 
 
 2.668 
 
 2.688 
 
 2.718 
 
 2.716 
 
 2.683 
 
 2.695 
 
 2.694 
 
 
 1869 
 
 2.686 
 
 2.693 
 
 2.719 
 
 2.717 
 
 2.711 
 
 2.729 
 
 2.709 
 
 
 Mean*. 
 
 2.653 
 
 2.664 
 
 2.684 
 
 2.682 
 
 2.663 
 
 2.677 
 
 2.670 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 91 
 
 TABLE XX. 
 
 MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEANS OF THE BAROMETER, FURNISHED BY SIX DAILY OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Barometer t 32 = 27 inches + the numbers in the table. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December 
 
 Year. 
 
 1854 
 
 2.607 
 
 2.695 
 
 2.525 
 
 2.638 
 
 2.566 
 
 2.551 
 
 2.640 
 
 2.648 
 
 2.701 
 
 2.696 
 
 2.439 
 
 2.687 
 
 2.608 
 
 1855 
 
 2.639 
 
 2.625 
 
 2.513 
 
 2.654 
 
 2.651 
 
 2.513 
 
 2.611 
 
 2.653 
 
 2.721 
 
 2.551 
 
 2.664 
 
 2.702 
 
 2.625 
 
 1856 
 
 2.670 
 
 2.488 
 
 2.559 
 
 2.579 
 
 2.582 
 
 2.548 
 
 2.591 
 
 2.521 
 
 2.600 
 
 2.707 
 
 2.642 
 
 2.711 
 
 2.600 
 
 1857 
 
 2.736 
 
 2.736 
 
 2.596 
 
 2.530 
 
 2.535 
 
 2.427 
 
 2.588 
 
 2.594 
 
 2.712 
 
 2.667 
 
 2.524 
 
 2.619 
 
 2.605 
 
 1858 
 
 2.675 
 
 2.660 
 
 2.620 
 
 2.499 
 
 2.584 
 
 2.606 
 
 2.605 
 
 2.619 
 
 2.650 
 
 2.681 
 
 2.627 
 
 2.694 
 
 2.627 
 
 1859 
 
 2.677 
 
 2.632 
 
 2.413 
 
 2.535 
 
 2.660 
 
 2.620 
 
 2.648 
 
 2.599 
 
 2.669 
 
 2.615 
 
 2.675 
 
 2.709 
 
 2.621 
 
 Mean. 
 
 2.667 
 
 2.639 
 
 2.538 
 
 2.572 
 
 2.596 
 
 2.544 
 
 2.614 
 
 2.606 
 
 2.675 
 
 2.653 
 
 2.695 
 
 2.670 
 
 2.614 
 
 TABLE XXI. 
 
 DIFFERENCES OF THE MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEANS OF THE BAROMETER, FOR 1854 TO 1889 INCLUSIVE, 
 IN EXCESS OR DEFECT FROM THE ASSUMED NORMAL MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEANS, BOTH BEING 
 DERIVED FROM SIX DAILY OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. Year 
 
 1854 
 
 .017 
 
 +.086 
 
 .091 
 
 .008 
 
 .000 
 
 .027 
 
 +.049 
 
 +.014 
 
 + .056 
 
 +.035 
 
 .184 
 
 .054 
 
 .012 
 
 1855 
 
 +.015 
 
 +.016 
 
 .103 
 
 +.008 
 
 +.085 
 
 .065 
 
 +.020 
 
 +.019 
 
 +.076 
 
 .110 
 
 +.041 
 
 +.061 
 
 +.005 
 
 1856 
 
 +.046 
 
 .121 
 
 .057 
 
 .067 
 
 +.016 
 
 .030 
 
 .000 
 
 .113 
 
 .045 
 
 +.046 
 
 +.019 
 
 +.070 
 
 .020 
 
 1857 
 
 +.112 
 
 +.127 
 
 .020 
 
 .116 
 
 .031 
 
 .151 
 
 .003 
 
 .040 
 
 +.067 
 
 +.006 
 
 .099 
 
 .022 
 
 .016 
 
 1858 
 
 +.051 
 
 +.051 
 
 +.004 
 
 .147 
 
 +.018 
 
 +.028 
 
 +.014 
 
 .015 
 
 +.005 
 
 + .020 
 
 +.004 
 
 +.053 
 
 +.007 
 
 1859 
 
 +.053 
 
 +.023 
 
 .203 
 
 .111 
 
 +.094 
 
 +.042 
 
 +.057 
 
 .035 
 
 f.024 
 
 .046 
 
 +.052 
 
 +.068 
 
 +.001 
 
 Mean. 
 
 .043 
 
 +.030 
 
 .078 
 
 .074 
 
 +.030 
 
 .034 
 
 +.023 
 
 .028 
 
 +.030 
 
 .008 
 
 .028 
 
 +.029 
 
 .006 
 
92 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLE XXII. 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE BAROMETER AT EACH OF THE SIX OBSRVATION HOURS, FOR THE PERIOD 
 
 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Barometer at 32 = 27 inches -(- the numbers in the table. 
 
 Toronto Astronomical time. 
 
 2 A. 
 
 4/i. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12V 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 January 
 
 2.645 
 
 2.606 
 
 2.684 
 
 2.678 
 
 2.666 
 
 2.675 
 
 2 667 
 
 February 
 
 2.624 
 
 2.622 
 
 2.641 
 
 2.637 
 
 2.648 
 
 2 664 
 
 2 689 
 
 March 
 
 2.515 
 
 2.612 
 
 2.545 
 
 2.541 
 
 2.552 
 
 2 560 
 
 2 537 
 
 April 
 
 2.557 
 
 2.549 
 
 2.585 
 
 2.583 
 
 2.578 
 
 2.584 
 
 2 572 
 
 May 
 
 2-588 
 
 2.576 
 
 2.593 
 
 2.589 
 
 2.611 
 
 2 622 
 
 2 596 
 
 June 
 
 2.533 
 
 2.521 
 
 2.545 
 
 2.543 
 
 2.558 
 
 3. 566 
 
 2 544 
 
 July . 
 
 2.605 
 
 2.589 
 
 2.608 
 
 2.609 
 
 2.632 
 
 2.640 
 
 2 614 
 
 August 
 
 2.595 
 
 2.584 
 
 2.605 
 
 2.606 
 
 2.620 
 
 2.626 
 
 2.606 
 
 September 
 
 2.661 
 
 2.651 
 
 2.672 
 
 2.669 
 
 2.696 
 
 2.703 
 
 2 675 
 
 October 
 
 2.634 
 
 2.635 
 
 2.661 
 
 2.657 
 
 2.658 
 
 2.672 
 
 2.653 
 
 November 
 
 2.573 
 
 2.582 
 
 2.602 
 
 2.600 
 
 2.599 
 
 2.614 
 
 2.595 
 
 December 
 
 2.653 
 
 2.664 
 
 2.684 
 
 2.682 
 
 2.663 
 
 2.677 
 
 2.671 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2.599 
 
 2.595 
 
 2.619 
 
 2.616 
 
 2.623 
 
 2.634 
 
 2.614 
 
 TABLE XXIII. 
 
 DIFFERENCES OF THE MEAN MONTHLY READINGS OF THE BAROMETER AT EACH OBSERVATION HOUR, IN 
 EXCESS OR DEFECT FROM THE ASSUMED NORMAL FOR THE HOUR, TOGETHER WITH THE MEANS OF 
 THE SIX HOURLY DIFFERENCES. 
 
 Toronto Astronomical time. 
 
 2h. 
 
 47i. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 January 
 
 +0.043 
 
 +0.043 
 
 +0.053 
 
 +0.049 
 
 +0.039 
 
 +0.033 
 
 +0.043 
 
 
 + .028 
 
 + .027 
 
 + .028 
 
 + .043 
 
 + .033 
 
 + .024 
 
 + .031 
 
 March 
 
 .085 
 
 .083 
 
 .078 
 
 .078 
 
 .069 
 
 .078 
 
 .079 
 
 Aoril 
 
 .082 
 
 .077 
 
 .055 
 
 .049 
 
 .081 
 
 .093 
 
 .073 
 
 May 
 
 + .033 
 
 + .036 
 
 + .028 
 
 + .027 
 
 + .029 
 
 + .030 
 
 + .031 
 
 
 .039 
 
 .037 
 
 .027 
 
 .026 
 
 .037 
 
 - .039 
 
 .034 
 
 July .. 
 
 -f- .022 
 
 + .019 
 
 + .022 
 
 + .022 
 
 + .028 
 
 + .025 
 
 + .023 
 
 August 
 
 .034 
 
 .030 
 
 .024 
 
 .023 
 
 .025 
 
 .030 
 
 .028 
 
 September 
 
 + .025 
 
 + .027 
 
 + .029 
 
 + .033 
 
 + .032 
 
 + .030 
 
 + .029 
 
 
 .011 
 
 .008 
 
 .004 
 
 .006 
 
 .008 
 
 .014 
 
 .009 
 
 November 
 
 .035 
 
 .030 
 
 .019 
 
 .026 
 
 .028 
 
 .030 
 
 .028 
 
 
 + .032 
 
 + .032 
 
 + .044 
 
 + .046 
 
 + .013 
 
 + .011 
 
 + .030 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.008 
 
 0.007 
 
 0.000 
 
 +0.001 
 
 0.007 
 
 0.011 
 
 0.005 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 TABLE XXIV. 
 
 93 
 
 MONTHLY MEAN DIFFERENCES WITHOUT REGARD TO SIGN BETWEEN THE OBSERVED READING OF THE 
 BAROMETER AND THE ASSUMED NORMAL PROPER TO THE DAT AND HOUR, FOR EACH MONTH OF THE 
 TEARS 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Mean 
 of the 
 Year. 
 
 1854 
 
 0.257 
 
 0.265 
 
 0.274 
 
 0.189 
 
 0.135 
 
 0.127 
 
 0.112 
 
 0.091 
 
 0.157 
 
 0.249 
 
 0.275 
 
 0.225 
 
 0.196 
 
 1855 
 
 .315 
 
 .170 
 
 .231 
 
 .160 
 
 .138 
 
 .124 
 
 .104 
 
 .139 
 
 .152 
 
 .168 
 
 .210 
 
 .244 
 
 .180 
 
 1856 
 
 .223 
 
 .227 
 
 .165 
 
 .183 
 
 .145 
 
 .106 
 
 .112 
 
 .140 
 
 .153 
 
 .206 
 
 .201 
 
 .236 
 
 .175 
 
 1857 
 
 .240 
 
 .242 
 
 .141 
 
 .205 
 
 .149 
 
 .179 
 
 .113 
 
 .132 
 
 .149 
 
 .147 
 
 .343 
 
 .226 
 
 .189 
 
 1858 
 
 .239 
 
 .212 
 
 .208 
 
 .238 
 
 .152 
 
 .085 
 
 .120 
 
 .134 
 
 .175 
 
 .200 
 
 .134 
 
 .205 
 
 .175 
 
 1859 
 
 .220 
 
 .176 
 
 316 
 
 .203 
 
 .188 
 
 .138 
 
 .163 
 
 .081 
 
 .187 
 
 .129 
 
 .208 
 
 .216 
 
 .185 
 
 Means 
 
 0.249 
 
 0.215 
 
 0.223 
 
 0.196 
 
 0.151 
 
 0.126 
 
 0.121 
 
 0.119 
 
 0.162 
 
 0.183 
 
 0.228 
 
 225 
 
 0.183 
 
 TABLE XXV. 
 
 MONTHLY MEAN DIFFERENCES WITHOUT REGARD TO SIGN BETWEEN THE OBSERVED READING OF THE 
 BAROMETER AND THE ASSUMED NORMAL FOR THE DAT AND HOUR, AT EACH OF THE SIX ORSERVATION 
 HOURS, FOR THE PERIOD 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2 h. 
 
 4 h. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 A. 
 
 18k 
 
 20 ft. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 0.255 
 
 0.247 
 
 0.237 
 
 0.237 
 
 0.259 
 
 259 
 
 249 
 
 
 .222 
 
 .218 
 
 .211 
 
 .213 
 
 .213 
 
 .217 
 
 215 
 
 
 .226 
 
 .220 
 
 .217 
 
 220 
 
 222 
 
 230 
 
 223 
 
 April... 
 
 .202 
 
 .195 
 
 .179 
 
 .179 
 
 206 
 
 216 
 
 196 
 
 May.... 
 
 .154 
 
 .147 
 
 .139 
 
 .143 
 
 162 
 
 163 
 
 151 
 
 
 .132 
 
 .126 
 
 .116 
 
 .114 
 
 134 
 
 136 
 
 126 
 
 July..., 
 
 .125 
 
 .120 
 
 .112 
 
 .114 
 
 .127 
 
 .128 
 
 121 
 
 August . 
 
 .123 
 
 .119 
 
 .113 
 
 .114 
 
 .123 
 
 126 
 
 119 
 
 September 
 
 .166 
 
 .160 
 
 .157 
 
 .160 
 
 164 
 
 167 
 
 162 
 
 October 
 
 .185 
 
 .179 
 
 .173 
 
 179 
 
 .190 
 
 192 
 
 183 
 
 
 .229 
 
 .222 
 
 228 
 
 229 
 
 230 
 
 232 
 
 228 
 
 
 230 
 
 228 
 
 .222 
 
 220 
 
 225 
 
 226 
 
 225 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Means 
 
 .187 
 
 .182 
 
 .175 
 
 .177 
 
 .188 
 
 .191 
 
 183 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLE XXVI. 
 
 MEAN DIFFERENCES, WITHOUT REGARD TO SIGN, BETWEEN THE HEIGHTS OF THE BAROMETER OBSERVED 
 AT 2 P.M. ON CONSECUTIVE DAYS, FOR EACH MONTH IN THE YEARS 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Years. 
 
 January. 
 
 Feoruary 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Yearly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1854 
 
 0.302 0.368 
 
 0.256 
 
 0.225 
 
 0.149 
 
 0.097 
 
 0.142 
 
 0.127 
 
 0.172 
 
 9.216 
 
 0.250 
 
 0.219 
 
 0.210 
 
 1855 
 
 -.246 
 
 .165 
 
 .278 
 
 .194 
 
 .107 
 
 .135 
 
 .111 
 
 .141 
 
 .158 
 
 .129 
 
 .249 
 
 .311 
 
 .185 
 
 1856 
 
 .236 
 
 .243 
 
 .187 
 
 .222 
 
 .154 
 
 .106 
 
 .110 
 
 .106 
 
 .128 
 
 .153 
 
 .199 
 
 .365 
 
 .184 
 
 1857 
 
 .261 
 
 .205 
 
 .231 
 
 .207 
 
 .146 
 
 .126 
 
 .097 
 
 .145 
 
 .166 
 
 .134, 
 
 .256 
 
 .286 
 
 .188 
 
 1858 
 
 .303 
 
 .238 
 
 .237 
 
 .193 
 
 .222 
 
 .139 
 
 .145 
 
 .135 
 
 .167 
 
 .168 
 
 .158 
 
 .298 
 
 .200 
 
 1859 
 
 .265 
 
 .228 
 
 .333 
 
 .221 
 
 .155 
 
 .155 
 
 .133 
 
 .086 
 
 .169 
 
 .129 
 
 .270 
 
 .271 
 
 .201 
 
 Means. 
 
 0.269 
 
 0.241 
 
 0.254 
 
 0.210 
 
 0.155 
 
 0.127 
 
 0.123 
 
 0.124 
 
 0.160 
 
 0.155 
 
 0.230 
 
 0.292 
 
 0.195 
 
 Ratio to 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mnn ol 
 Tew. 
 
 1.38 
 
 1.24 
 
 1.30 
 
 1.08 
 
 0.79 
 
 0.65 
 
 0.63 
 
 0.64 
 
 0.82 
 
 0.79 
 
 1.18 
 
 1.50 
 
 ... 
 
 
 TABLE XXVII. 
 
 NUMBER OF CASES IN A HUNDRED IN EACH MONTH (FOR THE PERIOD 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE) WHEN THE 
 HEIGHT OF THE BAROMETER OBSERVED AT 2 P.M. ON CONSECUTIVE DAYS WAS INCREASING, WITH THE 
 AVERAGE VALUES OF THE INCREASING AND OF THE DECREASING CHANGES. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September 
 
 October. 
 
 .November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Number in a hundred. . 
 Ratio to Mean of Year. . 
 
 52 
 1.03 
 
 50 
 0.99 
 
 52 
 1.03 
 
 49 
 0.97 
 
 49 
 
 0.97 
 
 49 
 0.97 
 
 50 
 0.99 
 
 57 
 1.13 
 
 40 
 0.91 
 
 48 
 
 0.95 
 
 50 
 0.99 
 
 53 
 1.05 
 
 
 0.262 
 1.35 
 
 0.243 
 1.25 
 
 0.243 
 1.25 
 
 0.215 
 1.11 
 
 0.158 
 0.82 
 
 0.126 
 0.65 
 
 0.125 
 0.65 
 
 0.114 
 0.59 
 
 0.171 
 0.88 
 
 0.159 
 0.82 
 
 0.233 
 1.20 
 
 0.275 
 1.42 
 
 Ratio to Mean of Year. . 
 
 Average decrease 
 
 0.276 
 1.40 
 
 0.240 
 1.22 
 
 0.266 
 1.35 
 
 0.206 
 1.05 
 
 0.153 
 0.78 
 
 0.127 
 0.64 
 
 0.122 
 0.62 
 
 0.136 
 0.69 
 
 0.151 
 0.77 
 
 0.150 
 0.76 
 
 0.227 
 1.15 
 
 0.310 
 1.58 
 
 Ratio to Mean of Year. . 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 95 
 
 & a 
 
 a 
 E- 1 > 
 
 
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 S 
 
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 W a 
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 02 
 
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 CO CO CO ^ IO t-* CO 
 
 to co CM 10 b- o EN 
 
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 rH 
 
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 gggggog 
 
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 rjl CM CM 1> IQ O OS 
 
 SS S S HS3 S 
 
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 to 
 
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 rH rH rH rH r-l rH rH 
 
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 ooooooo 
 
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 ^ 
 
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 r-l 
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 Bg 1 
 
 
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 3 
 
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 2 
 
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 & 
 
 
 
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 rH rH rH r-l rH 
 
 CO 
 g 
 
 
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 9 s o S 
 
 ^' 
 
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 +++++++ 
 
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 00 CM CO CM CO 1O 
 CO CO ^ CO 00 CO 
 
 fee 
 
 
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 ; 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 o o o o o o 
 
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 00 b- Oi iH OJ t~ 00 
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 g 
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 02 
 
 Q 
 
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 C5 00 CO ^ CO Oi CO 
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 to 
 
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 r-H -^ i-4 rH iH l-t 
 
 k 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
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 a3 S 
 
 to' 
 
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 O 
 
 +++++++ 
 
 + 
 
 
 
 a" 
 
 ^ Oi O ^5 00 1O 00 
 i 1 1O ^H rH r- 1 -^ -^ 
 
 ooo oooo 
 
 CO 
 rH 
 
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 gss&ggs 
 
 
 
 
 OS 
 
 Q 
 
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 1 + -f 1 1 + + 
 
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 g 
 
 
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 1853-59 
 
 
 
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96 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSEBYATIONS. 
 
 TABLE XXIX. 
 
 MONTHLY AND YEARLY MEANS OF THE DIDRNAL CHANGE IN THE READINGS OP THE BAROMETER (CORRECTED 
 TO TEMPERATURE 32) FROM 6 A.M. TO 6 A.M. FOR THE PERIOD 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE, ARRANGED ACCORD- 
 ING TO THE DAILY RESULTANT DIRECTION OF THE WIND. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 Jane. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September. 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Year. 
 
 N. 
 
 +0.062 
 
 +0.079 
 
 +0.006 
 
 +0.153 
 
 +0.095 
 
 +0.118 
 
 +0.039 
 
 +0.109 
 
 +0.153 
 
 + 0.106 
 
 +0.161 
 
 +0.050 
 
 +0.097 
 
 N.E. 
 
 - .268 
 
 - .167 
 
 - .154 
 
 - .023 
 
 - .057 
 
 - .066 
 
 - .003 
 
 - .064 
 
 - .001 
 
 - .032 
 
 - .103 
 
 - .249 
 
 - .102 
 
 E. 
 
 - .388 
 
 - .331 
 
 - .353 
 
 - .198 
 
 - .101 
 
 - .104 
 
 - .053 
 
 - .094 
 
 - .122 
 
 - .179 
 
 - .217 
 
 - .309 
 
 - .179 
 
 S.E. 
 
 - .325 
 
 - .390 
 
 - .269 
 
 - .197 
 
 - .101 
 
 - .135 
 
 - .058 
 
 - .172 
 
 - .293 
 
 - .138 
 
 - .347 
 
 - .570 
 
 - .197 
 
 S. 
 
 - .283 
 
 - .206 
 
 - .243 
 
 - .068 
 
 - .076 
 
 - .038 
 
 - .065 
 
 - .063 
 
 - .111 
 
 - .058 
 
 - .200 
 
 - .233 
 
 - .099 
 
 aw. 
 
 - .059 
 
 - .155 
 
 - .060 
 
 + .030 
 
 + .008 
 
 - .001 
 
 - .018 
 
 + .015 
 
 - .052 
 
 - .054 
 
 - .056 
 
 + .015 
 
 - .036 
 
 w. 
 
 + .213 
 
 + .122 
 
 + .203 
 
 + .140 
 
 + .129 
 
 + .077 
 
 + .093 
 
 + .094 
 
 + .117 
 
 + .118 
 
 + .185 
 
 + .150 
 
 + .144 
 
 N.W. 
 
 + .255 
 
 + .172 
 
 + .150 
 
 + .203 
 
 + .157 
 
 + .124 
 
 + .160 
 
 + .102 
 
 + .144 
 
 + .114 
 
 + .252 
 
 + .227 
 
 + .170 
 
 TABLE XXX. 
 
 FREQUENCY OF INCREASING CHANGES IN EACH MONTH, THE TOTAL NUMBER IN EACH DIRECTION BEING 100. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 Februaiy. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September. 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Year. 
 
 N. 
 
 79 
 
 64 
 
 67 
 
 80 
 
 68 
 
 56 
 
 57 
 
 80 
 
 89 
 
 79 
 
 93 
 
 52 
 
 72 
 
 N.E. 
 
 11 
 
 36 
 
 38 
 
 41 
 
 40 
 
 33 
 
 60 
 
 30 
 
 41 
 
 40 
 
 30 
 
 15 
 
 34 
 
 E. 
 
 13 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 19 
 
 31 
 
 28 
 
 36 
 
 30 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 16 
 
 20 
 
 S.E. 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 13 
 
 18 
 
 35 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 8. 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 40 
 
 8 
 
 38 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 S.W. 
 
 35 
 
 29 
 
 35 
 
 70 
 
 63 
 
 57 
 
 36 
 
 47 
 
 44 
 
 41 
 
 38 
 
 66 
 
 44 
 
 W. 
 
 80 
 
 72 
 
 72 
 
 75 
 
 75 
 
 74 
 
 73 
 
 82 
 
 80 
 
 79 
 
 84 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 
 N.W. 
 
 89 
 
 82 
 
 81 
 
 91 
 
 84 
 
 76 
 
 96 
 
 84 
 
 83 
 
 69 
 
 92 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 TABLE XXXI. 
 
 AGGREGATE OF INCREASING CHANGES FOR EACH DIRECTION, THE JOINT AGGREGATE OF INCREASING AND 
 DECREASING CHANGES IN THE MONTH FOR ANY ONE DIRECTION BEING EXPRESSED BY 100. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 Jane. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September. 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. Year. 
 
 N. 
 
 67 
 
 70 
 
 51 
 
 80 
 
 79 
 
 86 
 
 71 
 
 87 
 
 90 
 
 80 
 
 92 
 
 63 
 
 76 
 
 N.E. 
 
 1 
 
 20 
 
 23 
 
 44 
 
 31 
 
 18 
 
 48 
 
 24 
 
 60 
 
 33 
 
 22 
 
 12 
 
 23 
 
 E. 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 19 
 
 15 
 
 26 
 
 14 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 S.E. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 g 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 S.W. 
 
 38 
 
 20 
 
 37 
 
 58 
 
 53 
 
 50 
 
 40 
 
 67 
 
 28 
 
 35 
 
 39 
 
 55 
 
 40 
 
 W. 
 
 88 
 
 76 
 
 89 
 
 84 
 
 88 
 
 79 
 
 90 
 
 87 
 
 92 
 
 84 
 
 91 
 
 81 
 
 85 
 
 N.W. 
 
 93 
 
 88 
 
 90 
 
 94 
 
 88 
 
 90 
 
 99 
 
 90 
 
 92 
 
 79 
 
 90 
 
 89 
 
 90 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 97 
 
 TABLE XXXII. 
 
 MONTHLY AND YEARLY MEANS OF THE DIURNAL CHANGE, WITHOUT REGARD TO SIGN, IN THE READINGS 
 OF THE BAROMETER (CORRECTED TO TEMPERATURE 32) FROM 6 A.M. TO 6 A.M., FOR THE PERIOD 1854 
 TO 1859, ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE DAILY RESULTANT DIRECTION OF THE WIND. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 .IlUIO. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September. 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. Tear. 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 N. 
 
 0.186 
 
 0.196 
 
 0.283 
 
 0.253 
 
 0.164 
 
 0.172 
 
 0.095 
 
 0.148 
 
 0.190 
 
 0.177 
 
 0.190 
 
 0.188 
 
 0.187 
 
 N.E. 
 
 .276 
 
 .279 
 
 .289 
 
 .203 
 
 .147 
 
 .103 
 
 .097 
 
 .122 
 
 .145 
 
 .094 
 
 .184 
 
 .325 
 
 .191 
 
 E. 
 
 .405 
 
 .342 
 
 .369 
 
 .241 
 
 .163 
 
 .149 
 
 .108 
 
 .131 
 
 .142 
 
 .183 
 
 .222 
 
 .336 
 
 .212 
 
 S.E. 
 
 .326 
 
 .390 
 
 .269 
 
 .245 
 
 .106 
 
 .162 
 
 .093 
 
 .173 
 
 .293 
 
 .173 
 
 .357 
 
 .570 
 
 .214 
 
 S. 
 
 .283 
 
 .231 
 
 .242 
 
 .139 
 
 .127 
 
 .077 
 
 .109 
 
 .137 
 
 .135 
 
 .086 
 
 .265 
 
 .234 
 
 .141 
 
 S.W. 
 
 .244 
 
 .257 
 
 .238 
 
 .180 
 
 .147 
 
 .090 
 
 .087 
 
 .105 
 
 .116 
 
 .183 
 
 .251 
 
 .151 
 
 .176 
 
 w. 
 
 .277 
 
 .249 
 
 .258 
 
 .205 
 
 .170 
 
 .131 
 
 .117 
 
 .125 
 
 .139 
 
 .174 
 
 .229 
 
 .243 
 
 .207 
 
 N.W. 
 
 .294 
 
 .230 
 
 .188 
 
 .233 
 
 .208 
 
 .155 
 
 .162 
 
 .127 
 
 .173 
 
 .193 
 
 313 
 
 .292 
 
 .213 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 Means' 
 
 .286 
 
 .272 
 
 .267 
 
 .212 
 
 .154 
 
 .129 
 
 .108 
 
 .134 
 
 .167 
 
 .158 
 
 .251 
 
 .292 
 
 .193 
 
 TABLE XXXIII. 
 
 COMPARATIVE DIURNAL CHANGES IN THE HEIGHT OF THE BAROMETER IN THE SAME MONTH THAT ARE DUE 
 TO DIFFERENT WINDS, BEING THE NUMBERS IN TABLE XXXII. EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF THE MEAN 
 CHANGE IN THAT MONTH FOR ALL WINDS. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September. 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Tear. 
 
 N. 
 
 0.05 
 
 0.72 
 
 1.06 
 
 1.19 
 
 1.06 
 
 1.33 
 
 0.88 
 
 1.10 
 
 1.14 
 
 1.12 
 
 0.76 
 
 0.64 
 
 0.97 
 
 N.E. 
 
 0.97 
 
 1.03 
 
 1.08 
 
 0.96 
 
 0.95 
 
 0.80 
 
 0.90 
 
 0.91 
 
 0.87 
 
 0.59 
 
 0.73 
 
 1 11 
 
 0.99 
 
 E. 
 
 1.42 
 
 1.26 
 
 1.38 
 
 1.14 
 
 1.06 
 
 1.16 
 
 1.00 
 
 0.98 
 
 0.85 
 
 1.16 
 
 0.88 
 
 1.15 
 
 1.10 
 
 S.E. 
 
 1.14 
 
 1.43 
 
 1 01 
 
 1.16 
 
 69 
 
 1.18 
 
 0.86 
 
 1 29 
 
 1 75 
 
 1.09 
 
 1 42 
 
 1.96 
 
 1.11 
 
 S. 
 
 0.99 
 
 0.85 
 
 0.91 
 
 0.66 
 
 0.82 
 
 0.60 
 
 1 01 
 
 1.02 
 
 0.81 
 
 0.54 
 
 1.06 
 
 0.80 
 
 0.73 
 
 S.W. 
 
 0.85 
 
 0.94 
 
 0.89 
 
 0.85 
 
 0.95 
 
 0.70 
 
 0.81 
 
 78 
 
 0.70 
 
 1 16 
 
 1.00 
 
 0.52 
 
 91 
 
 W. 
 
 0.97 
 
 92 
 
 0.97 
 
 0.97 
 
 1.10 
 
 1.02 
 
 1.08 
 
 0.93 
 
 0.83 
 
 1.10 0.91 
 
 0.83 
 
 1.07 
 
 N.W. 
 
 1.03 
 
 0.85 
 
 0.70 
 
 1.10 
 
 1.35 
 
 1.20 
 
 1.50 
 
 0.95 
 
 1.04 
 
 1.22 1.25 
 
 1.00 
 
 1.11 
 
 TABLE XXXIV. 
 
 COMPARATIVE DIURNAL CHANGES IN THE HEIGHT OF THE BAROMETER THAT ARE DUE IN DIFFERENT MONTHS 
 TO THE SAME WIND, BEING THE NUMBERS IN TABLE XXXII. EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF THE ANNUAL ARITH- 
 METIC MEAN FOR THAT WIND. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September. 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 N. 
 
 0.99 
 
 1.05 
 
 1.51 
 
 1.55 
 
 0.88 
 
 0.92 
 
 0.51 
 
 0.79 
 
 1.02 
 
 0.95 
 
 1.02 
 
 1.01 
 
 N.E. 
 
 1.46 
 
 1 48 
 
 1.53 
 
 1.07 
 
 0.78 
 
 54 
 
 0.51 
 
 0.65 
 
 0.77 
 
 50 
 
 97 
 
 1.72 
 
 E. 
 
 1.74 
 
 1.47 
 
 1.58 
 
 1.03 
 
 0.70 
 
 0.64 
 
 0.46 
 
 0.56 
 
 61 
 
 0.78 
 
 0.95 
 
 1.44 
 
 S.E. 
 
 1.24 
 
 1.49 
 
 1.03 
 
 94 
 
 0.40 
 
 0.58 
 
 0.35 
 
 0.66 
 
 1 12 
 
 0.66 
 
 1.36 
 
 2.17 
 
 S. 
 
 1 65 
 
 1.34 
 
 1.41 
 
 0.81 
 
 0.74 
 
 0.45 
 
 0.63 
 
 0.80 
 
 78 
 
 0.50 
 
 1.54 
 
 1.36. 
 
 S.W. 
 
 1.43 
 
 1.50 
 
 1.39 
 
 1.05 
 
 0.86 
 
 0.53 
 
 51 
 
 0.61 
 
 0.68 
 
 1.07 
 
 1.47 
 
 0.88 
 
 W. 
 
 1.44 
 
 1.29 
 
 1.34 
 
 1.06 
 
 0.88 
 
 0.68 
 
 0.61 
 
 0.65 
 
 0.72 
 
 0.90 
 
 1.19 
 
 1.26 
 
 N.W. 
 
 1.37 
 
 1 07 
 
 0.88 
 
 1.09 
 
 0.97 
 
 0.72 
 
 0.76 
 
 0.69 
 
 0.81 
 
 0.90 
 
 1.46 
 
 1.36 
 
98 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLE XXXV. 
 
 HIGHEST AND LOWEST READINGS, AND MONTHLY RANGES OF THE BAROMETER IN EACH MONTH PROM 
 
 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Barometer at 32 = 27 inches + the numbers in the table. 
 HIGHEST. 
 
 Yeare. 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September. 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Barom. 
 
 Hate. 
 
 1854 
 
 3.219 
 
 3.172 
 
 3.098 
 
 3.233 
 
 2.986 
 
 2.955 
 
 2.885 
 
 2.846 
 
 3.142 
 
 3.12] 
 
 3.196 
 
 3.245 
 
 3.246 
 
 23id Dec. 
 
 1855 
 
 3.552 
 
 3.088 
 
 3.079 
 
 2.998 
 
 2.902 
 
 2.811 
 
 2.833 
 
 3.019 
 
 3.092 
 
 2.923 
 
 3.131 
 
 3.201 
 
 3.652 
 
 8th Jan. 
 
 1856 
 
 3.280 
 
 3.086 
 
 3.082 
 
 3.099 
 
 2.969 
 
 2.798 
 
 2.844 
 
 2.797 
 
 3.013 
 
 3.200 
 
 3.048 
 
 3.480 
 
 3.480 
 
 18th Dec. 
 
 1857 
 
 3.168 
 
 3.361 
 
 3.006 
 
 3.006 
 
 2.896 
 
 2.707 
 
 2.848 
 
 2.860 
 
 3.076 
 
 2.994 
 
 3.281 
 
 3.258 
 
 3.361 
 
 10th Feb. 
 
 1858 
 
 3.408 
 
 3.060 
 
 3.159 
 
 3.006 
 
 3.198 
 
 2.891 
 
 2.915 
 
 2.939 
 
 3.098 
 
 3.042 
 
 2.970 
 
 3.351 
 
 3.408 
 
 8th Jan. 
 
 1859 
 
 3.311 
 
 3.002 
 
 3.255 
 
 3.046 
 
 2.986 
 
 2.966 
 
 3.141 
 
 2.811 
 
 3.049 
 
 2.962 
 
 3.252 
 
 3.392 
 
 3.392 
 
 3rd Dec. 
 
 Moans. 
 
 3.323 
 
 3.128 
 
 3.113 
 
 3.066 
 
 2.990 
 
 2.865 
 
 2.911 
 
 2.879 
 
 3.078 
 
 3.040 
 
 3.146 
 
 3.321 
 
 3.406 
 
 
 LOWEST. 
 
 1854 
 
 1.693 
 
 2.002 
 
 1.7HS 
 
 2.045 
 
 2.066 
 
 2.287 
 
 2.308 
 
 2.384 
 
 2.302 
 
 1.731 
 
 1.685 
 
 1.917 
 
 1.685 
 
 25th Nov. 
 
 1855 
 
 1.717 
 
 2.172 
 
 1.792 
 
 2.233 
 
 2.283 
 
 1.942 
 
 2.337 
 
 2.130 
 
 2.247 
 
 1.945 
 
 1.983 
 
 1.459 
 
 1.459 
 
 9th Dec. 
 
 1856 
 
 2.186 
 
 1.778 
 
 1.828 
 
 2.081 
 
 2.125 
 
 2.207 
 
 2.241 
 
 2.174 
 
 2.149 
 
 2.217 
 
 1.902 
 
 1.450 
 
 1.459 
 
 14th Dec. 
 
 1857 
 
 2.181 
 
 2.152 
 
 2.115 
 
 1.898 
 
 2.199 
 
 1.962 
 
 2.255 
 
 2.155 
 
 2.248 
 
 2.289 
 
 1.452 
 
 1.852 
 
 1.452 
 
 19th Nov. 
 
 1858 
 
 1.973 
 
 1.940 
 
 1.849 
 
 2.011 
 
 2.032 
 
 2.147 
 
 2.290 
 
 2.231 
 
 2.167 
 
 2.000 
 
 2.190 
 
 2.008 
 
 1.849 
 
 21st Mar. 
 
 1859 
 
 1.934 
 
 1.877 
 
 1.286 
 
 1.993 
 
 2.224 
 
 2.260 
 
 2.159 
 
 2.306 
 
 2.038 
 
 2.018 
 
 1.881 
 
 2.201 
 
 1.286 
 
 19th Mar. 
 
 Means. 
 
 1.947 
 
 1.987 
 
 1.776 
 
 2.044 
 
 2.155 
 
 2.133 
 
 2.265 
 
 2.230 
 
 2.192 
 
 2.033 
 
 1.849 
 
 1.816 
 
 1.532 
 
 
 MONTHLY RANGES. 
 
 1854 
 
 1.526 
 
 1.170 
 
 1.310 
 
 1.188 
 
 0.920 
 
 0.668 
 
 0.577 
 
 0.461 
 
 0.840 
 
 1.390 
 
 1.511 
 
 1.328 
 
 1.560 
 
 1855 
 
 1.835 
 
 0.916 
 
 1.287 
 
 0.765 
 
 0.619 
 
 0.869 
 
 0.496 
 
 0.889 
 
 0.845 
 
 0.978 
 
 1.148 
 
 1.742 
 
 2.093 
 
 1856 
 
 1.094 
 
 1.308 
 
 1.254 
 
 1.018 
 
 0.844 
 
 0.591 
 
 0.603 
 
 0.623 
 
 0.864 
 
 0.983 
 
 1.146 
 
 2.021 
 
 2.021 
 
 1857 
 
 0.987 
 
 1.209 
 
 0.891 
 
 1.108 
 
 0.697 
 
 0.755 
 
 0.593 
 
 0.705 
 
 0.828 
 
 0.705 
 
 1.829 
 
 1.406 
 
 1.909 
 
 1858 
 
 1.435 
 
 1.120 
 
 1.310 
 
 0.995 
 
 1.166 
 
 0.744 
 
 0.625 
 
 (1.708 
 
 0.931 
 
 1.042 
 
 0.780 
 
 1.343 
 
 1.569 
 
 1859 
 
 1.377 
 
 1.125 
 
 1.969 
 
 1.053 
 
 0.762 
 
 0.706 
 
 0.982 
 
 0.605 
 
 1.011 
 
 -0.944 
 
 1.371 
 
 1.191 
 
 2.106 
 
 Means. 
 
 1.376 
 
 1.141 
 
 1.337 
 
 1.021 
 
 0.835 
 
 0.722 
 
 0.646 
 
 0.649 
 
 0.886 
 
 1.007 
 
 1.297 
 
 1.605 
 
 1.875 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 99 
 
 TABLE XXXVI. 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE PRESSURE OP DRY AIR AT EACH OF THE SIX OBSERVATION HOURS, FOR THE 
 
 YEARS 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Pressure of Dry Air at 32 = 27 inches + the numbers in the table. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 ii, 
 
 4k 
 
 10 ft. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 2.454 
 
 2.473 
 
 2.502 
 
 2.494 
 
 2.485 
 
 2.499 
 
 2.485 
 
 LNUARY. 
 
 1855 
 1856 
 1857 
 
 .494 
 .561 
 .626 
 
 .515 
 .564 
 .621 
 
 .539 
 .607 
 .651 
 
 .530 
 .604 
 .647 
 
 .498 
 .596 
 .683 
 
 .510 
 .613 
 .690 
 
 .514 
 .589 
 .653 
 
 1-5 
 
 1858 
 
 .507 
 
 .529 
 
 .583 
 
 .581 
 
 .518 
 
 .530 
 
 .542 
 
 
 1859 
 
 .530 
 
 .546 
 
 .659 
 
 .548 
 
 .554 
 
 .569 
 
 .551 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 2.527 
 
 2.541 
 
 2.573 
 
 2.567 
 
 2.556 
 
 2.569 
 
 2.556 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2k 
 
 4k 
 
 10k 
 
 12k 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20k 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 2.546 
 
 2.544 
 
 2.601 
 
 2.608 
 
 2.595 
 
 2.611 
 
 2.684 
 
 
 
 1855 
 
 .498 
 
 .514 
 
 .668 
 
 .556 
 
 .637 
 
 .657 
 
 .637 
 
 M 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 g 
 
 1856 
 
 .362 
 
 .370 
 
 .423 
 
 .435 
 
 .424 
 
 .436 
 
 .409 
 
 
 g 
 
 1857 
 
 .694 
 
 .681 
 
 .656 
 
 .643 
 
 .619 
 
 .641 
 
 .689 
 
 i 
 
 1858 
 
 .564 
 
 .555 
 
 .669 
 
 .664 
 
 .606 
 
 .622 
 
 .580 
 
 
 1859 
 
 .509 
 
 .602 
 
 .512 
 
 .499 
 
 .622 
 
 .647 
 
 .515 ' 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 2.512 
 
 2.511 
 
 2.536 
 
 2.534 
 
 2.551 
 
 2.569 
 
 2.536 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2k 
 
 4 h. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12k 
 
 18/i. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Mean*. 
 
 . 
 
 1854 
 
 2.324 
 
 2.325 
 
 2.379 
 
 2.372 
 
 2.408 
 
 2.407 
 
 2.369 
 
 
 1855 
 
 .343 
 
 .332 
 
 .379 
 
 .386 
 
 .424 
 
 .424 
 
 .381 
 
 i 
 
 o 
 
 1856 
 
 .433 
 
 .438 
 
 .469 
 
 .470 
 
 .471 
 
 .480 
 
 .460 
 
 9 
 
 i 
 
 1857 
 
 .438 
 
 .441 
 
 .493 
 
 .495 
 
 .482 
 
 .483 
 
 .472 
 
 
 1858 
 
 .489 
 
 .478 
 
 .499 
 
 .493 
 
 .614 
 
 .531 
 
 .501 
 
 
 1859 
 
 .227 
 
 .228 
 
 .243 
 
 .241 
 
 .259 
 
 .271 
 
 .245 
 
 
 Means- 
 
 2.376 
 
 2.374 
 
 2.410 
 
 2.409 
 
 2.426 
 
 2.433 
 
 2.406 
 
100 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLE XXXVI. (Continued) 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE PRESSURE OP DRY AIR AT EACH OF THE SIX OBSERVATION HOURS, FOR 
 
 THE YEARS 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Pressure of Dry Air at 32 = 27 inches -(- the numbers in the table. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2fc. 
 
 4/i. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 2.402 
 
 2.382 
 
 2.439 
 
 2.451 
 
 2.460 
 
 2.449 
 
 2.430 
 
 
 1855 
 
 .422 
 
 .424 
 
 .453 
 
 .446 
 
 .472 
 
 .459 
 
 .446 
 
 d 
 
 1856 
 
 .336 
 
 .337 
 
 .392 
 
 .396 
 
 .402 
 
 .396 
 
 .376 
 
 
 
 1857 
 
 .348 
 
 .344 
 
 .413 
 
 .407 
 
 .364 
 
 .370 
 
 .374 
 
 
 1858 
 
 .317 
 
 .307 
 
 .312 
 
 .311 
 
 .347 
 
 .345 
 
 .323 
 
 
 1859 
 
 .855 
 
 .362 
 
 .398 
 
 .400 
 
 .381 
 
 .391 
 
 .381 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 2.363 
 
 2.359 
 
 2.401 
 
 2.402 
 
 2.404 
 
 2.402 
 
 2.388 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2 h. 
 
 
 10 A. 
 
 12 A. 
 
 ISA. 
 
 20 A. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 2.236 
 
 2.216 
 
 2.309 
 
 2.316 
 
 2.308 
 
 2.285 
 
 2.278 
 
 
 1855 
 
 .369 
 
 x .357 
 
 .386 
 
 .383 
 
 .428 
 
 .437 
 
 .393 
 
 H 
 
 1856 
 
 .313 
 
 .299 
 
 .313 
 
 .307 
 
 .354 
 
 .356 
 
 .324 
 
 m 
 
 1857 
 
 .259 
 
 .253 
 
 .273 
 
 .271 
 
 .322 
 
 .311 
 
 .282 
 
 
 1858 
 
 .328 
 
 .329 
 
 .348 
 
 .348 
 
 .353 
 
 .364 
 
 .345 
 
 
 1859 
 
 .342 
 
 .329 
 
 .349 
 
 .354 
 
 .396 
 
 .399 
 
 .361 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 2.308 
 
 2.297 
 
 2.330 
 
 2.330 
 
 2.360 
 
 2.359 2.331 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2 A. 
 
 4/i. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12/i. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 2.067 
 
 2.069 
 
 2.149 
 
 2.149 
 
 2.148 
 
 2.121 
 
 2.217 
 
 
 1855 
 
 .050 
 
 .049 
 
 .128 
 
 .134 
 
 .151 
 
 .135 
 
 .108 
 
 I 
 
 1856 
 1857 
 
 .071 
 .042 
 
 .062 
 .028 
 
 .125 
 .095 
 
 .142 
 .098 
 
 .156 
 .095 
 
 .145 
 .084 
 
 .117 
 .074 
 
 
 1858 
 
 .079 
 
 .068 
 
 .168 
 
 .161 
 
 .192 
 
 .186 
 
 .141 
 
 
 1859 
 
 .230 
 
 .231 
 
 .295 
 
 .300 
 
 .273 
 
 .262 
 
 .265 
 
 
 Means. 2.090 
 11 
 
 2.084 
 
 2.158 
 
 2.164 
 
 2.169 
 
 2.156 
 
 2.137 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 101 
 
 TABLE XXXVI. (Continued.) 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE PRESSURE OF DRY AIR, AT EACH OF THE SIX OBSERVATION HOURS, FOR THE 
 
 YEARS 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Pressure of Dry Air at 32= 27 inches + the numbers in the table. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2, 
 
 ih. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 ' 
 
 
 18/i. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 2.024 
 
 2.025 
 
 2.115 
 
 2.140 
 
 2.152 
 
 2.085 
 
 2.090 
 
 
 1855 
 
 .032 
 
 .033 
 
 .107 
 
 .132 
 
 .094 
 
 .088 
 
 .081 
 
 * 
 
 1856 
 
 .075 
 
 .059 
 
 .091 
 
 .104 
 
 .147 
 
 .134 
 
 .102 
 
 | 
 
 1857 
 
 .029 
 
 .024 
 
 .084 
 
 .091 
 
 .099 
 
 .081 
 
 .068 
 
 
 1858 
 
 t .084 
 
 .074 
 
 .128 
 
 .138 
 
 .169 
 
 .154 
 
 .125 
 
 
 1859 
 
 .140 
 
 .143 
 
 .188 
 
 .190 
 
 .205 
 
 .197 
 
 .177 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 2.064 
 
 2.060 
 
 2.119 
 
 2.133 
 
 2.144 
 
 2.123 
 
 2.107 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2 h. 
 
 4,. 
 
 16/1. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18/i. 
 
 20/i. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 2.124 
 
 2.109 
 
 2.173 
 
 2.185 
 
 2.238 
 
 2.189 
 
 2.170 
 
 
 1855 
 
 .156 
 
 .157 
 
 .215 
 
 .237 
 
 .268 
 
 .222 
 
 .209 
 
 1 
 
 g 
 B 
 
 1856 
 1857 
 
 .057 
 .077 
 
 .059 
 .086 
 
 .122 
 .139 
 
 .131 
 
 .152 
 
 .130 
 .174 
 
 .113 
 .135 
 
 .102 
 .127 
 
 
 1858 
 
 .103 
 
 .113 
 
 .142 
 
 .156 
 
 .187 
 
 .150 
 
 .142 
 
 
 18S9 
 
 .108 
 
 .122 
 
 .139 
 
 .153 
 
 .163 
 
 .132 
 
 .136 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 2.104 
 
 2.108 
 
 2.155 
 
 2.169 
 
 2.193 
 
 2.157 
 
 2.148 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2h. 
 
 4/i. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 2.213 
 
 2.198 
 
 2.270 
 
 2.295 
 
 2.349 
 
 2.298 
 
 2.271 
 
 
 
 1855 
 
 .290 
 
 .275 
 
 .290 
 
 .311 
 
 .369 
 
 .355 
 
 .315 
 
 SEPTEMBI 
 
 1856 
 1857 
 1858 
 
 .214 
 .261 
 .235 
 
 .221 
 .255 
 .220 
 
 .255 
 .336 
 
 .258 
 
 .256 
 .337 
 .261 
 
 .294 
 .380 
 .326 
 
 .256 
 .348 
 .292 
 
 .249 
 .319 
 .266 
 
 
 1859 
 
 .305 
 
 .300 
 
 .324 
 
 .330 
 
 .368 
 
 .361 
 
 .331 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 2.253 
 
 2.245 
 
 2.289 
 
 2.298 
 
 2.348 
 
 2.318 
 
 2.292 
 
102 
 
 TOEONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLE XXXVI. (Continued.) 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE PRESSURE OF DRY AIE AT EACH OF THE SIX OBSERVATION HOURS, FOR 
 
 THE YEARS 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Pressure of Dry Air at 32 = 27 inches + the numbers in the table. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2ft. 
 
 Afc. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 2.366 
 
 2.361 
 
 2.426 
 
 2.432 
 
 2.442 
 
 2.433 
 
 2.408 
 
 ml 
 
 1866 
 
 .273 
 
 .281 
 
 .303 
 
 .296 
 
 .338 
 
 .334 
 
 .304 
 
 OCTOBEJ 
 
 1866 
 1857 
 1858 
 
 .447 
 .381 
 .406 
 
 .441 
 
 .388 
 .409 
 
 .488 
 .434 
 .436 
 
 .491 
 .437 
 .431 
 
 .492 . 
 .452 
 -.433 
 
 .494 
 .450 
 .439 
 
 .476 
 .424 
 .426 
 
 
 1859 
 
 .363 
 
 .392 
 
 .418 
 
 .420 
 
 .400 
 
 .409 
 
 .400 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 2.371 
 
 2.379 
 
 2.417 
 
 2418 
 
 2.426 
 
 2.426 
 
 2.406 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2 h. 
 
 4ft. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 
 1854 
 
 2.240 
 
 2.251 
 
 2.268 
 
 2.268 
 
 2.249 
 
 2.277 
 
 2.259 
 
 p. 
 
 
 1856 
 
 .441 
 
 .440 
 
 .481 
 
 .493 
 
 .489 
 
 .504 
 
 .475 
 
 B 
 
 
 1856 
 
 .447 
 
 .461 
 
 .481 
 
 .479 
 
 .455 
 
 .456 
 
 .463 
 
 1 
 
 
 1857 
 1858 
 
 .326 
 .453 
 
 .332 
 .463 
 
 .386 
 .470 
 
 .390 
 .466 
 
 .375 
 .457 
 
 .392 
 .477 
 
 .367 
 .464 
 
 
 
 1859 
 
 .454 
 
 .470 
 
 .472 
 
 .464 
 
 .617 
 
 .631 
 
 .484 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 2.394 
 
 2.403 
 
 2.426 
 
 2.427 
 
 2.424 
 
 2.439 
 
 2.419 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2ft. 
 
 4ft. 
 
 10ft. 
 
 12ft. 
 
 18ft. 
 
 20ft. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 2.457 
 
 2.470 
 
 2.490 
 
 2.487 
 
 2.478 
 
 2.490 
 
 2.479 
 
 Pj 
 
 1865 
 
 .670 
 
 .578 
 
 .677 
 
 .572 
 
 .679 
 
 .600 
 
 .579 
 
 8 
 
 1856 
 
 .677 
 
 .596 
 
 .611 
 
 .614 
 
 .596 
 
 .612 
 
 .601 
 
 
 
 1857 
 
 .439 
 
 .456 
 
 .606 
 
 .505 
 
 .450 
 
 .463 
 
 .470 
 
 3 
 
 1858 
 
 .639 
 
 .657 
 
 .6(94 
 
 .691 
 
 .653 
 
 .667 
 
 .667 
 
 
 1859 
 
 .676 
 
 .585 
 
 .625 
 
 .629 
 
 .614 
 
 .632 
 
 .610 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 2.526 
 
 2.640 
 
 2.667 
 
 2.666 
 
 2.646 
 
 2.661 
 
 2.561 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 TABLE XXXVII. 
 
 103 
 
 MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEANS OF THE PRESSURE OF DRY AIR FURNISHED BY SIX DAILY OBSERVATIONS 
 
 FOR 1854 TO 1869 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Pressure of Dry Air at 32 = 27 inches + the numbers in the table. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Tew. 
 
 1864 
 
 2.485 
 
 2.584 
 
 2.369 
 
 2.430 
 
 2.278 
 
 2.117 
 
 2.090 
 
 2.170 
 
 2.271 
 
 2.408 
 
 2.259 
 
 2.479 
 
 2.328 
 
 1855 
 
 .514 
 
 .537 
 
 .381 
 
 .446 
 
 .393 
 
 108 
 
 .081 
 
 .209 
 
 .315 
 
 .304 
 
 .475 
 
 .579 
 
 .362 
 
 1856 
 
 .589 
 
 .409 
 
 .460 
 
 .376 
 
 .324 
 
 .117 
 
 .102 
 
 .102 
 
 .249 
 
 .475 
 
 .463 
 
 .601 
 
 .356 
 
 1857 
 
 .653 
 
 .589 
 
 .472 
 
 .374 
 
 .282 
 
 .074 
 
 .068 
 
 .127 
 
 .319 
 
 .424 
 
 .367 
 
 .470 
 
 .352 
 
 1858 
 
 .541 
 
 .580 
 
 .501 
 
 .323 
 
 .345 
 
 .141 
 
 .125 
 
 .142 
 
 .266 
 
 .426 
 
 .464 
 
 .567 
 
 .368 
 
 1859 
 
 .551 
 
 .515 
 
 .245 
 
 .381 
 
 .361 
 
 .265 
 
 .177 
 
 .136 
 
 .331 
 
 .400 
 
 .484 
 
 .610 
 
 .371 
 
 Means 
 
 2.556 
 
 2.536 
 
 2.405 
 
 2.388 
 
 2.331 
 
 2.137 
 
 2.107 
 
 2.148 
 
 2.292 
 
 2.406 
 
 2.419 
 
 2 551 
 
 2.356 
 
 TABLE XXXVIII. 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE PRESSURE OF DRY AIR AT EACH OF THE SIX OBSERVATION HOURS, FOR THE 
 
 PERIOD 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Pressure of Dry Air at 32 = 27 inches + the numbers in the table. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2 h. 
 
 4fc. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 ISA. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 2.527 
 
 2 541 
 
 2.573 
 
 2 667 
 
 2.556 
 
 2 569 
 
 2 556 
 
 
 .512 
 
 .511 
 
 536 
 
 .634 
 
 .551 
 
 569 
 
 KQfl 
 
 March 
 
 .376 
 
 .374 
 
 .410 
 
 409 
 
 426 
 
 433 
 
 405 
 
 Acril.. . 
 
 363 
 
 359 
 
 401 
 
 402 
 
 404 
 
 402 
 
 ^Iftft 
 
 May.... 
 
 .308 
 
 .297 
 
 .330 
 
 330 
 
 360 
 
 369 
 
 ^1 
 
 
 090 
 
 084 
 
 158 
 
 164 
 
 169 
 
 156 
 
 1W7 
 
 July 
 
 064 
 
 .060 
 
 .119 
 
 .133 
 
 144 
 
 123 
 
 107 
 
 August 
 
 .104 
 
 108 
 
 155 
 
 169 
 
 193 
 
 157 
 
 14ft 
 
 September 
 
 253 
 
 245 
 
 .289 
 
 298 
 
 348 
 
 318 
 
 9Q9 
 
 October 
 
 371 
 
 379 
 
 417 
 
 418 
 
 426 
 
 426 
 
 4.ftfi 
 
 November 
 
 .394 
 
 403 
 
 426 
 
 427 
 
 424 
 
 439 
 
 41 Q 
 
 December 
 
 526 
 
 540 
 
 567 
 
 566 
 
 545 
 
 661 
 
 fifil 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Means 
 
 2.324 
 
 2 325 
 
 2 365 
 
 2 368 
 
 2 379 
 
 2 376 
 
 2 356 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
104 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLEXXXIX. 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE PRESSURE OF VAPOUR AT EACH OF THE SIX OBSERVATION HOURS, FOR THE 
 
 TEARS 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2 h. 
 
 4 h. 
 
 10 A. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 0.129 
 
 128 
 
 0.122 
 
 0.121 
 
 0.116 
 
 0.116 
 
 0.122 
 
 s 
 
 1855 
 1856 
 
 .136 
 .093 
 
 .129 
 .089 
 
 .126 
 .078 
 
 .125 
 .075 
 
 .119 
 .073 
 
 .117 
 .074 
 
 .125 
 .080 
 
 5 
 
 >- 
 
 1857 
 1858 
 
 .088 
 .141 
 
 .088 
 .133 
 
 .083 
 .129 
 
 .082 
 .132 
 
 .079 
 .138 
 
 .076 
 .130 
 
 .083 
 .134 
 
 
 1859 
 
 .123 
 
 .119 
 
 .124 
 
 .127 
 
 .135 
 
 .128 
 
 .126 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 0.118 
 
 0.114 
 
 0.110 
 
 0.310 
 
 0.110 
 
 0.107 
 
 0.112 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2h. 
 
 4, 
 
 **. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 0.118 
 
 124 
 
 0.108 
 
 0.106 
 
 0.102 
 
 0.104 
 
 0.110 
 
 OJ 
 
 1855 
 
 .104 
 
 .099 
 
 .086 
 
 .081 
 
 .080 
 
 .079 
 
 .088 
 
 | 
 
 1856 
 
 .094 
 
 .092 
 
 .079 
 
 .072. 
 
 .070 
 
 .070 
 
 .080 
 
 m 
 i 
 
 1857 
 1858 
 
 .149 
 
 .086 
 
 .147 
 .086 
 
 .151 
 
 .081 
 
 .154 
 .082 
 
 .142 
 .074 
 
 .139 
 .073 
 
 .147 
 .080 
 
 
 1859 
 
 .115 
 
 .119 
 
 .121 
 
 .123 
 
 .115 
 
 .109 
 
 .117 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 0.111 
 
 0.111 
 
 0.104 
 
 0.103 
 
 0.097 
 
 0.096 0.104 
 II 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2fc. 
 
 4 h. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 0.170 
 
 0.168 
 
 0.151 
 
 0.149 
 
 0.144 
 
 0.151 
 
 0.156 
 
 
 1855 
 
 .143 
 
 .146 
 
 .134 
 
 .131 
 
 .116 
 
 .123 
 
 .132 
 
 | 
 
 1856 
 
 .106 
 
 .105 
 
 .102 
 
 .100 
 
 .092 
 
 .092 
 
 .099 
 
 1 
 
 1857 
 
 .128 
 
 .127 
 
 .125 
 
 .123 
 
 .117 
 
 .123 
 
 .124 
 
 
 1858 
 
 .117 
 
 .123 
 
 .123 
 
 .119 
 
 .117 
 
 .114 
 
 .119 
 
 
 1859 
 
 .171 
 
 .165 
 
 .173 
 
 .170 
 
 .167 
 
 .162 
 
 .108 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 0.139 
 
 0.139 
 
 0.135 
 
 0.132 
 
 0.126 
 
 0.127 
 
 0.133 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 105 
 
 TABLE XXXIX. (Continued.) 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE PRESSURE OF VAPOUR AT EACH OF THE SIX OBSERVATION HOURS, FOR THE 
 
 YEARS 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2h. 
 
 4 h. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 fc. 
 
 ISA. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 0.219 
 
 0.222 
 
 0.209 
 
 0.203 
 
 0.187 
 
 0.206 
 
 0.207 
 
 
 1855 
 
 .220 
 
 .212 
 
 .206 
 
 .207 
 
 .192 
 
 .211 
 
 .208 
 
 d 
 
 1856 
 
 .223 
 
 .216 
 
 .195 
 
 .190 
 
 .191 
 
 .201 
 
 .203 
 
 a 
 5 
 
 1857 
 
 .164 
 
 .164 
 
 .152 
 
 .153 
 
 .147 
 
 .154 
 
 .156 
 
 
 1858 
 
 .175 
 
 .170 
 
 .184 
 
 .182 
 
 .166 
 
 .176 
 
 .176 
 
 
 1859 
 
 .159 
 
 .151 
 
 .156 
 
 .152 
 
 .157 
 
 .149 
 
 .154 
 
 
 Means, j 0.193 
 
 0.189 
 
 0.184 
 
 0.181 
 
 0.173 
 
 0.183 
 
 0.184 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2,. 
 
 4,. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 0.312 
 
 0.320 
 
 0.269 
 
 0.260 
 
 0.266 
 
 0.299 
 
 0.288 
 
 
 1855 
 
 .277 
 
 .275 
 
 .249 
 
 .252 
 
 .247 
 
 .248 
 
 .258 
 
 * 
 
 1856 
 
 .264 
 
 .265 
 
 .263 
 
 .261 
 
 .242 
 
 .256 
 
 .259 
 
 g 
 
 1857 
 
 .270 
 
 .263 
 
 .259 
 
 .252 
 
 .230 
 
 .249 
 
 .254 
 
 
 1858 
 
 .243 
 
 .239 
 
 .242 
 
 .241 
 
 .234 
 
 .236 
 
 .239 
 
 
 1859 
 
 .315 
 
 .309 
 
 .298 
 
 .289 
 
 .284 
 
 .296 
 
 .298 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 0.280 
 
 0.278 
 
 0.263 
 
 0.259 
 
 0.251 
 
 0.264 
 
 0.266 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2h. 
 
 4 h. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 0.476 
 
 0.465 
 
 0.401 
 
 0.397 
 
 0.414 
 
 0.451 
 
 0.434 
 
 
 1855 
 
 .452 
 
 .440 
 
 .386 
 
 .375 
 
 .381 
 
 .401 
 
 .406 
 
 H 
 g 
 & 
 
 1-3 
 
 1856 
 1857 
 
 .471 
 .374 
 
 .461 
 .378 
 
 .418 
 .335 
 
 .402 
 .332 
 
 .409 
 .341 
 
 .428 
 .358 
 
 .432 
 .363 
 
 
 1858 
 
 .507 
 
 .504 
 
 .444 
 
 .442 
 
 .437 
 
 .456 
 
 .465 
 
 
 1859 
 
 .379 
 
 .369 
 
 .336 
 
 .327 
 
 .347 
 
 .370 
 
 .355 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 0.443 
 
 0.436 
 
 0.387 
 
 0.379 
 
 0.388 
 
 0.411 
 
 0.407 
 
 14 
 
106 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLE XXXIX. (Continued.) 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE PRESSURE OF VAPOUR AT EACH OF THB SIX OBSERVATION HOURS, FOR THE 
 
 YEARS 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2h. 
 
 4/i. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12/i. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1864 
 
 0.603 
 
 0.683 
 
 0.615 
 
 0.407 
 
 0.018 
 
 0.587 
 
 0.650 
 
 
 1855 
 
 .571 
 
 .657 
 
 .604 
 
 .483 
 
 .625 
 
 .540 
 
 .530 
 
 IH 
 
 1856 
 
 .610 
 
 .503 
 
 .485 
 
 .473 
 
 .472 
 
 .495 
 
 .489 
 
 
 
 1857 
 
 .552 
 
 .644 
 
 .605 
 
 .497 
 
 .495 
 
 .527 
 
 .520 
 
 
 1858 
 
 .514 
 
 .609 
 
 .470 
 
 .459 
 
 .456 
 
 .476 
 
 .481 
 
 
 1859 
 
 .498 
 
 .485 
 
 .456 
 
 .450 
 
 .461 
 
 .476 
 
 .471 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 0.541 
 
 0.530 
 
 0.489 
 
 0.476 
 
 0.488 
 
 0.517 
 
 0.507 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2/. 
 
 4h. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1864 
 
 0.516 
 
 0.514 ' 
 
 0.469 
 
 0.456 
 
 0.431 
 
 0.484 
 
 0.478 
 
 
 1855 
 
 .486 
 
 .471 
 
 .436 
 
 .414 
 
 .403 
 
 .463 
 
 .444 
 
 AUGUST 
 
 1856 
 1867 
 1858 
 
 .450 
 .500 
 .605 
 
 .442 
 .488 
 .484 
 
 .402 
 .455 
 .478 
 
 .396 
 .447 
 .461 
 
 .401 
 .431 
 .446 
 
 .424 
 .476 
 .493 
 
 .419 
 .467 
 .478 
 
 
 1859 
 
 .483 
 
 .466 
 
 .461 
 
 .447 
 
 .446 
 
 .484 
 
 .463 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 0.491 
 
 0.476 
 
 0.450 
 
 0.437 
 
 0.426 
 
 0.469 
 
 0.458 
 
 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2h. 
 
 4fc. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1864 
 
 0.475 
 
 0.476 
 
 0.426 
 
 0.399 
 
 0.373 
 
 0.431 
 
 0.430 
 
 \ 
 
 1856 
 1856 
 
 .423 
 .366 
 
 .421 
 .359 
 
 .417 
 .361 
 
 .394 
 .345 
 
 .382 
 .322 
 
 .400 
 .361 
 
 .406 
 .361 
 
 1 
 
 1867 
 
 .435 
 
 .431 
 
 .375 
 
 .370 
 
 .353 
 
 .393 
 
 .393 
 
 1 
 
 1868 
 
 .401 
 
 .399 
 
 .384 
 
 .378 
 
 .350 
 
 .394 
 
 .384 
 
 
 1859 
 
 .350 
 
 .349 
 
 .348 
 
 .338 
 
 .308 
 
 .330 
 
 .337 
 
 
 Meant 
 
 0.408 
 
 0.406 
 
 0.383 
 
 0.371 
 
 0.348 
 
 0.385 
 
 0.384 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 107 
 
 TABLE XXXIX. (Continued.) 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE PRESSURE OP VAPOUR AT BACH OF THE SIX OBSERVATION HOURS, FOR THE 
 
 YEARS 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2k 
 
 4k 
 
 10k 
 
 12k 
 
 18k 
 
 20 k Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 0.323 
 
 0.315 
 
 0.277 
 
 0.268 
 
 0.256 
 
 0.286 
 
 0.288 
 
 yroBER. 
 
 1855 
 1856 
 1857 
 
 .262 
 .242 
 .267 
 
 .257 
 .243 
 .261 
 
 .251 
 .225 
 .236 
 
 .244 
 .222 
 .235 
 
 .228 
 .222 
 .225 
 
 .241 
 .231 
 .236 
 
 .247 
 .231 
 .243 
 
 o 
 
 1858 
 
 .262 
 
 .260 
 
 .252 
 
 .250 
 
 .262 
 
 .258 
 
 .256 
 
 
 1859 
 
 .226 
 
 .204 
 
 .216 
 
 .214 
 
 .209 
 
 .216 
 
 .214 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 0.264 
 
 0.257 
 
 0.243 
 
 0.239 
 
 0.232 
 
 0.245 
 
 0.247 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2k 
 
 4/i 
 
 10k 
 
 12k 
 
 18k 
 
 20k 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 0.186 
 
 0.185 
 
 0.180 
 
 0.175 
 
 0.175 
 
 0.178 
 
 0.180 
 
 A 
 
 1855 
 
 .196 
 
 .199 
 
 .186 
 
 .180 
 
 .188 
 
 .190 
 
 .190 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 m 
 9 
 
 1856 
 
 .174 
 
 .174 
 
 .178 
 
 .179 
 
 .186 
 
 .183 
 
 .179 
 
 P 
 
 > 
 
 1857 
 
 .161 
 
 .166 
 
 .154 
 
 .154 
 
 .155 
 
 .153 
 
 .157 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 to 
 
 1858 
 
 .163 
 
 .159 
 
 .161 
 
 .162 
 
 .165 
 
 .163 
 
 .162 
 
 
 1859 
 
 .199 
 
 .189 
 
 .194 
 
 .193 
 
 .183 
 
 .182 
 
 .190 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 0.180 
 
 0.179 
 
 0.175 
 
 0.174 
 
 0.175 
 
 0.175 
 
 0.176 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2k 
 
 4k 
 
 10 k 12 h. 
 
 18k 
 
 20k 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 0.115 
 
 0.113 
 
 0.110 
 
 0.110 
 
 0.101 
 
 0.101 
 
 0.109 
 
 d 
 
 1855 
 
 .127 
 
 .123 
 
 .124 
 
 .123 
 
 .121 
 
 .118 
 
 .123 
 
 DECEMBI 
 
 1856 
 1857 
 1858 
 
 .117 
 .160 
 .129 
 
 .110 
 .157 
 .131 
 
 .107 
 .143 
 .124 
 
 .106 
 .142 
 .123 
 
 .112 
 .147 
 .130 
 
 .110 
 .145 
 .128 
 
 .110 
 .149 
 .128 
 
 
 1859 
 
 .110 
 
 .108 
 
 .094 
 
 .088 
 
 .097 
 
 .097 
 
 .099 
 
 
 Means. 0. 126 
 
 0.124 
 
 0.117 
 
 0.115 
 
 0.118 
 
 0.117 
 
 0.120 
 
108 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 TABLE XL. 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE RELATIVE HUMIDITY AT EACH OF THE SIX OBSERVATION HOURS, FOR THE 
 
 YEARS 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2 A. 
 
 4 A. 
 
 10 A. 
 
 12 A. 
 
 ISA. 
 
 20 A. 
 
 Monthly 
 MeanB. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 82 
 
 84 
 
 86 
 
 86 
 
 85 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 . 
 
 1855 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 85 
 
 86 
 
 86 
 
 83 
 
 82 
 
 3 
 
 1856 
 
 76 
 
 73 
 
 79 
 
 79 
 
 81 
 
 80 
 
 78 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 1857 
 
 84 . 
 
 86 
 
 90 
 
 91 
 
 91 
 
 89 
 
 89 
 
 
 1858 
 
 71 
 
 70 
 
 79 
 
 82 
 
 83 
 
 80 
 
 78 
 
 
 1859 
 
 73 
 
 72 
 
 81 
 
 84 
 
 90 
 
 85 
 
 81 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 77 
 
 77 
 
 83 
 
 85 
 
 86 
 
 83 
 
 82 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2 A. 
 
 4 A. 
 
 10 A. 
 
 12 A. 
 
 ISA. 
 
 20 A. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 83 
 
 82 
 
 86 
 
 87 
 
 89 
 
 86 
 
 86 
 
 h 
 
 1855 
 
 76 
 
 76 
 
 82 
 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 1 
 
 1856 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 80 
 
 79 
 
 81 
 
 78 
 
 76 
 
 1 
 
 1857 
 1858 
 
 77 
 71 
 
 78 
 71 
 
 85 
 81 
 
 85 
 82 
 
 91 
 80 
 
 87 
 78 
 
 84 
 
 77 
 
 
 1859 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 81 
 
 85 
 
 86 
 
 82 
 
 79 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 74 
 
 74 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 85 
 
 82 
 
 80 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2A. 
 
 4 A. 
 
 10 A. 
 
 12 A. 
 
 ISA. 
 
 20 A. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 ' 79 
 
 78 
 
 88 
 
 89 
 
 89 
 
 86 
 
 85 
 
 
 1855 
 
 72 
 
 76 
 
 85 
 
 86 
 
 86 
 
 83 
 
 81 
 
 W 
 9 
 
 1856 
 
 64 
 
 65 
 
 78 
 
 79 
 
 83 
 
 76 
 
 74 
 
 jj 
 
 1857 
 
 67 
 
 65 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 86 
 
 85 
 
 77 
 
 
 1858 
 
 55 
 
 58 
 
 75 
 
 74 
 
 79 
 
 71 
 
 69 
 
 
 1859 
 
 68 
 
 65 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 85 
 
 79 
 
 75 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 68 
 
 68 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 84 
 
 80 
 
 77 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 109 
 
 TABLE XL. (Continued.) 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE RELATIVE HUMIDITY AT EACH OP THE SIX OBSERVATION HOURS, FOR THE 
 
 YEARS 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2h. 
 
 4>i. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 "Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 69 
 
 68 
 
 86 
 
 87 
 
 86 
 
 83 
 
 80 
 
 
 1855 
 
 56 
 
 59 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 85 
 
 80 75 
 
 A 
 
 1 
 
 1856 
 1857 
 
 68 
 63 
 
 68 
 63 
 
 77 
 79 
 
 78 
 82 
 
 83 
 82 
 
 77 
 77 
 
 75 
 
 74 
 
 
 1858 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 73 
 
 74 
 
 73 
 
 67 
 
 66 
 
 
 1859 
 
 53 
 
 62 
 
 66 
 
 69 
 
 75 
 
 62 
 
 63 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 61 
 
 61 
 
 77 79 
 
 i 
 
 81 
 
 74 
 
 72 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2 h. 
 
 4,. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 64 
 
 66 
 
 79 
 
 81 
 
 79 
 
 74 
 
 74 
 
 
 1855 
 
 51 
 
 53 
 
 74 
 
 79 
 
 72 
 
 62 
 
 65 
 
 * 
 
 1856 
 
 64 
 
 63 
 
 75 
 
 78 
 
 75 
 
 70 
 
 71 
 
 s 
 
 1857 
 
 66 
 
 66 
 
 78 
 
 82 
 
 78 
 
 71 
 
 74 
 
 
 1858 
 
 59 
 
 59 
 
 74 
 
 76 
 
 74 
 
 70 
 
 69 
 
 
 1859 
 
 58 
 
 57 
 
 72 
 
 74 
 
 75 
 
 66 
 
 67 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 60 
 
 61 . 
 
 75 
 
 78 
 
 76 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time . 
 
 2h. 
 
 4fc. 
 
 10 A. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 64 
 
 64 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 81 
 
 75 
 
 74 
 
 
 1855 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 84 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 H 
 g 
 
 1856 
 
 71 
 
 69 
 
 84 
 
 85 
 
 86 
 
 79 
 
 79 
 
 6 
 
 1857 
 
 69 
 
 71 
 
 79 
 
 82 
 
 83 
 
 79 
 
 77 
 
 
 1858 
 
 60 
 
 62 
 
 73 
 
 77 
 
 75 
 
 68 
 
 69 
 
 
 1859 
 
 60 
 
 59 
 
 72 
 
 77 
 
 77 
 
 71 
 
 69 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 66 
 
 66 
 
 78 
 
 81 
 
 81 
 
 75 
 
 74 
 
110 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLE XL. (Continued) 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE RELATIVE HUMIDITY, AT EACH OF THE SIX OBSERVATION HOURS, FOR THE 
 
 YEARS 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Toronto 
 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2h. 
 
 4h. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 A. 
 
 18 A. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 56 
 
 57 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 79 
 
 74 
 
 71 ' 
 
 
 1855 
 
 70 
 
 67 
 
 82 
 
 84 
 
 87 
 
 81 
 
 ' 79 
 
 Rj 
 
 1856 
 
 56 
 
 56 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 79 
 
 69 
 
 69 
 
 S 
 
 1857 
 
 67 
 
 70 
 
 83 
 
 86 
 
 86 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 
 1858 
 
 62 
 
 61 
 
 74 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 
 70 
 
 70 
 
 
 1859 
 
 61 
 
 60 
 
 75 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 62 
 
 62 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 73 
 
 73 
 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2h. 
 
 4/v. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12/i. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. ? ni]>] y 
 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 55 
 
 58 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 80 
 
 74 
 
 72 
 
 
 1855 
 
 64 
 
 63 
 
 81 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 75 
 
 74 
 
 | 
 
 1856 
 
 62 
 
 61 
 
 77 
 
 80 
 
 85 
 
 74 
 
 73 
 
 CJ 
 3 
 
 1857 
 1868 
 
 66 
 59 
 
 65 
 67 
 
 81 
 75 
 
 83 
 
 77 
 
 86 
 79 
 
 78 
 72 
 
 77 
 70 
 
 
 1869 
 
 69 
 
 55 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 82 
 
 72 
 
 70 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 61 
 
 60 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 74 
 
 73 
 
 Toronto ^ ^ 
 Astronomical time. I 
 
 4 ft. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12V 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 63 
 
 69 
 
 87 
 
 87 
 
 87 
 
 81 
 
 79 
 
 | 
 
 1855 
 
 67 
 
 67 
 
 86 
 
 86 
 
 86 
 
 79 
 
 79 
 
 9 
 
 1866 
 1857 
 
 61 
 67 
 
 62 
 68 
 
 81 
 83 
 
 82 
 85 
 
 85 
 
 86 
 
 79 
 80 
 
 75 
 
 78 
 
 8 
 
 1858 
 
 60 
 
 62 
 
 79 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 77 
 
 74 
 
 
 1859 
 
 65 
 
 66 
 
 81 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 76 
 
 75 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 64 
 
 66 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 85 
 
 79 
 
 77 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 Ill 
 
 TABLE XL. {Continued.) 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE RELATIVE HUMIDITY AT EACH OF THE SIX OBSERVATION HOURS, FOR THB 
 
 YEARS 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2ft. 
 
 4 h. 
 
 10ft. 
 
 12ft. 
 
 18ft. 
 
 20ft. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 
 
 68 
 
 73 
 
 85 
 
 85 
 
 87 
 
 84 
 
 80 
 
 rt 
 m 
 
 1855 
 1856 
 
 69 
 63 
 
 69 
 
 65 
 
 83 
 
 77 
 
 85 
 80 
 
 85 
 85 
 
 81 
 79 
 
 75 
 
 | 
 
 1857 
 
 70 
 
 71 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 84 
 
 80 
 
 78 
 
 
 
 1858 
 
 62 
 
 63 
 
 75 
 
 77 
 
 80 
 
 75 
 
 72 
 
 
 1859 
 
 59 
 
 57 
 
 78 
 
 81 
 
 82 
 
 77 
 
 72 
 
 i 
 
 Means. 
 
 65 
 
 66 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 84 
 
 79 
 
 76 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2ft. 
 
 4ft. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 A. 
 
 18ft. 
 
 20ft, 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 1854 71 
 
 74 
 
 83 
 
 85 
 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 80 
 
 tf 
 
 1855 
 
 69 
 
 73 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 77 
 
 W 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 1856 
 
 68 
 
 71 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 85 
 
 82 
 
 78 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 > 
 
 1857 
 
 71 
 
 73 
 
 77 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 78 
 
 77 
 
 O 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1858 
 
 72 
 
 72 
 
 79 
 
 81 
 
 86 
 
 83 
 
 79 
 
 
 1859 
 
 72 
 
 72 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 83 
 
 81 
 
 78 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 71 
 
 73 
 
 79 
 
 81 
 
 83 
 
 82 78 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2ft. 
 
 4ft. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12ft.. 
 
 18ft.. 
 
 20ft.. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1854 
 
 74 
 
 77 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 83 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 P3 
 
 1855 
 
 70 
 
 71 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 81 
 
 80 
 
 77 
 
 
 
 1856 
 
 79 
 
 78 
 
 83 
 
 82 
 
 86 
 
 85 
 
 82 
 
 g 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 1857 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 83 
 
 82 
 
 80 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 1858 
 
 75 
 
 78 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 81 
 
 
 1859 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 87 
 
 88 
 
 89 
 
 90 
 
 87 
 
 
 Means. 76 
 
 78 
 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 83 
 
 81 
 
112 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLES XLI. AND XLII. 
 
 MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEANS OP THE PRESSURE OP VAPOUR AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY FURNISHED BY 
 
 SIX DAILY OBSERVATIONS, FOR 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 PRESSURE OF VAPOUR. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 Aunust. 
 
 September. 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1854 
 
 0.122 
 
 0.110 
 
 0.156 
 
 0.207 
 
 0.288 
 
 0.434 
 
 0.550 
 
 0.478 
 
 430 
 
 0.288 
 
 0.180 
 
 109 
 
 0.279 
 
 1855 
 
 .125 
 
 .088 
 
 .132 
 
 .208 
 
 .258 
 
 .406 
 
 .530 
 
 .444 
 
 .406 
 
 .247 
 
 .190 
 
 .123 
 
 .263 
 
 1856 
 
 .080 
 
 .080 
 
 .099 
 
 .203 
 
 .259 
 
 .432 
 
 .489 
 
 .419 
 
 .351 
 
 .231 
 
 .179 
 
 .110 
 
 .244 
 
 1857 
 
 .083 
 
 .147 
 
 .124 
 
 .156 
 
 .254 
 
 .353 
 
 .520 
 
 .467 
 
 .393 
 
 .243 
 
 .157 
 
 .149 
 
 .254 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1858 
 
 .134 
 
 .080 
 
 .119 
 
 .176 
 
 .239 
 
 .465 
 
 .481 
 
 .478 
 
 .384 
 
 .256 
 
 .162 
 
 .128 
 
 .259 
 
 1859 
 
 .126 
 
 .117 
 
 .168 
 
 .154 
 
 .298 
 
 .355 
 
 .471 
 
 .463 
 
 .337 
 
 .214 
 
 .190 
 
 .099 
 
 .249 
 
 Means. 0.112 
 
 0.104 
 
 0.133 
 
 0.184 
 
 0.266 
 
 0.407 
 
 0.507 
 
 0.458 
 
 384 
 
 247 
 
 0.176 
 
 0.120 JJO 268 
 
 RELATIVE HUMIDITY. 
 
 1 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 M:,y. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1854 
 
 84 
 
 86 
 
 85 
 
 80 
 
 74 
 
 74 
 
 71 
 
 72 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 79 
 
 1855 
 
 82 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 75 
 
 65 
 
 78 
 
 79 
 
 74 
 
 79 
 
 78 
 
 77 
 
 77 
 
 77 
 
 1856 
 
 78 
 
 76 
 
 74 
 
 75 
 
 71 
 
 79 
 
 69 
 
 73 
 
 75 
 
 75 
 
 78 
 
 82 
 
 75 
 
 1857 
 
 89 
 
 84 
 
 77 
 
 74 
 
 74 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 78 
 
 77 
 
 80 
 
 79 
 
 1858 
 
 78 
 
 77 
 
 69 
 
 66 
 
 69 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 70 
 
 74 
 
 72 
 
 79 
 
 81 
 
 73 
 
 1859 
 
 81 
 
 79 
 
 75 
 
 63 
 
 67 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 70 
 
 75 
 
 72 
 
 78 
 
 87 
 
 74 
 
 82 
 
 80 
 
 77 
 
 72 
 
 70 
 
 74 
 
 73 
 
 73 
 
 77 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 81 
 
 76 
 
TOE01TTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 115 
 
 TABLES XLIII. AND XLIV. 
 
 MONTHLT MEANS OF THE PRESSURE OF VAPOUR, AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY AT EACH OF THE SIX 
 OBSERVATION HOURS, FOR THE PERIOD 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2/i. 
 
 4/i. 
 
 10ft.. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 January 
 
 0.118 
 
 114 
 
 0.110 
 
 0.110 
 
 0.110 
 
 0.107 
 
 112 
 
 February 
 
 .111 
 
 .111 
 
 104 
 
 .103 
 
 .097 
 
 .096 
 
 104 
 
 March 
 
 .139 
 
 .139 
 
 .135 
 
 .132 
 
 .126 
 
 .127 
 
 .133 
 
 April.. 
 
 .193 
 
 189 
 
 184 
 
 181 
 
 173 
 
 183 
 
 184 
 
 May 
 
 .280 
 
 .278 
 
 .263 
 
 259 
 
 251 
 
 .264 
 
 266 
 
 June 
 
 443 
 
 436 
 
 .387 
 
 .379 
 
 388 
 
 411 
 
 407 
 
 July 
 
 641 
 
 .530 
 
 489 
 
 .476 
 
 488 
 
 517 
 
 607 
 
 August 
 
 .491 
 
 476 
 
 450 
 
 .437 
 
 .426 
 
 469 
 
 468 
 
 September 
 
 408 
 
 406 
 
 .383 
 
 .371 
 
 348 
 
 .386 
 
 384 
 
 October 
 
 .264 
 
 257 
 
 .243 
 
 239 
 
 .232 
 
 .246 
 
 247 
 
 November 
 
 .180 
 
 179 
 
 175 
 
 174 
 
 175 
 
 175 
 
 .176 
 
 December 
 
 126 
 
 124 
 
 117 
 
 115 
 
 118 
 
 .117 
 
 .120 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Means 
 
 0.275 
 
 270 
 
 0.253 
 
 0.248 
 
 0.244 
 
 0.258 
 
 0.258 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2 h. 
 
 4/i. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18*. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 January 
 
 77 
 
 77 
 
 83 
 
 85 
 
 86 
 
 83 
 
 82 
 
 February 
 
 74 
 
 74 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 86 
 
 82 
 
 80 
 
 
 68 
 
 68 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 84 
 
 80 
 
 77 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 April 
 
 61 
 
 61 
 
 77 
 
 79 
 
 81 
 
 74 
 
 72 
 
 May... 
 
 60 
 
 61 
 
 75 
 
 78 
 
 76 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 June 
 
 66 
 
 66 
 
 78 
 
 81 
 
 81 
 
 76 
 
 74 
 
 July 
 
 62 
 
 62 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 73 
 
 73 
 
 August 
 
 61 
 
 60 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 74 
 
 73 
 
 September 
 
 64 
 
 66 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 85 
 
 79 
 
 77 
 
 October 
 
 . 65 
 
 66 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 84 
 
 79 
 
 76 
 
 November 
 
 71 
 
 73 
 
 79 
 
 81 
 
 83 
 
 82 
 
 78 
 
 December 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 83 
 
 81 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Means 
 
 67 
 
 68 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 83 
 
 78 
 
 76 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 15 
 
114 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLE XLV. 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE EXTENT OF SKY CLOUDED, AT EACH OF THE SIX OBSERVATION HOURS, (THE 
 HEMISPHERE BEING UNITY), FOR THE YEARS 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 JANUARY. 
 
 FEBRUARY. 
 
 Toronto 
 time. 
 
 2 A. 
 
 4 h. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20 h. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 2h. 
 
 4 h. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18 K. 
 
 20 A. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 1854 
 
 0.80 
 
 0.85 
 
 0.72 
 
 0.69 
 
 0.80 
 
 0.85 
 
 0.78 
 
 0.78 
 
 0.73 
 
 0.65 
 
 0.70 
 
 0.65 
 
 0.72 
 
 0.71 
 
 1865 
 
 .83 
 
 .81 
 
 .83 
 
 .76 
 
 .81 
 
 .73 
 
 .79 
 
 .77 
 
 .68 
 
 .63 
 
 .71 
 
 .76 
 
 .73 
 
 .71 
 
 1856 
 
 .69 
 
 .68 
 
 .62 
 
 .69 
 
 .66 
 
 .73 
 
 .66 
 
 .60 
 
 .64 
 
 .39 
 
 .41 
 
 .60 
 
 .63 
 
 .55 
 
 1857 
 
 .63 
 
 .73 
 
 .64 
 
 .65 
 
 .71 
 
 .74 
 
 .68 
 
 .75 
 
 .72 
 
 .61 
 
 .68 
 
 .77 
 
 .79 
 
 .72 
 
 1858 
 
 .67 
 
 .63 
 
 .48 
 
 .47 
 
 .82 
 
 .78 
 
 .61 
 
 .75 
 
 .69 
 
 .09 
 
 .62 
 
 .70 
 
 .68 
 
 .69 
 
 1850 
 
 .79 
 
 .86 
 
 .60 
 
 .59 
 
 .69 
 
 .77 
 
 .72 
 
 .76 
 
 .83 
 
 .66 
 
 .61 
 
 .75 
 
 .81 
 
 .74 
 
 Means. 
 
 .72 
 
 .74 
 
 .67 
 
 .62 
 
 .75 
 
 .77 
 
 .71 
 
 .73 
 
 .72 
 
 .60 
 
 .62 
 
 .71 
 
 .73 
 
 .69 
 
 MARCH. 
 
 APRIL. 
 
 1864 
 
 0.61 
 
 0.65 
 
 0.61 
 
 0.50 
 
 0.67 
 
 0.66 
 
 0.62 
 
 0.64 
 
 0.67 
 
 0.57 
 
 0.61 
 
 0.61 
 
 0.69 
 
 0.63 
 
 1866 
 
 .78 
 
 .74 
 
 .63 
 
 .69 
 
 .68 
 
 .61 
 
 .67 
 
 .49 
 
 .51 
 
 .62 
 
 .52 
 
 .63 
 
 .48 
 
 .51 
 
 1866 
 
 .56 
 
 .56 
 
 .47 
 
 .50 
 
 .61 
 
 .50 
 
 .52 
 
 .65 
 
 .60 
 
 .60 
 
 .47 
 
 .68 
 
 .71 
 
 .60 
 
 1867 
 
 .63 
 
 .60 
 
 .52 
 
 .60 
 
 .66 
 
 .64 
 
 .61 
 
 .67 
 
 .62 
 
 .42 
 
 '.44 
 
 .50 
 
 .57 
 
 .:,4 
 
 1868 
 
 .69 
 
 .54 
 
 .46 
 
 .46 
 
 .47 
 
 .48 
 
 .50 
 
 .72 
 
 .70 
 
 .69 
 
 .63 
 
 .60 
 
 .67 
 
 .65 
 
 1869 
 
 .66 
 
 .66 
 
 .63 
 
 .54 
 
 .77 
 
 .76 
 
 .65 
 
 .65 
 
 .61 
 
 .62 
 
 .52 
 
 .60 
 
 .66 
 
 .59 
 
 Means. 
 
 .64 
 
 .63 
 
 .54 
 
 .63 
 
 .63 
 
 .61 
 
 .60 
 
 .64 
 
 .62 
 
 .62 
 
 .63 
 
 .59 
 
 .63 
 
 .59 
 
 MAY. 
 
 JIN 10. 
 
 18.M 
 
 0.60 
 
 0.57 
 
 0.26 
 
 0.22 
 
 0.39 
 
 0.36 
 
 0.38 
 
 0.57 
 
 0.67 
 
 0.40 
 
 0.35 
 
 0.47 
 
 0.48 
 
 0.49 
 
 is:,:, 
 
 .49 
 
 .52 
 
 .37 
 
 .33 .53 
 
 .55 
 
 .46 
 
 .70 
 
 .71 
 
 .50 
 
 .59 
 
 .68 
 
 .69 
 
 .64 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1866 
 
 .90 
 
 .61 
 
 .60 
 
 .67 
 
 .68 
 
 .55 
 
 .59 
 
 .58 
 
 .43 
 
 .35 
 
 .46 
 
 .46 
 
 .61 
 
 .47 
 
 1867 
 
 .76 
 
 .80 
 
 .60 
 
 .61 
 
 .65 
 
 .68 
 
 .61 
 
 .75 
 
 .72 
 
 .55 
 
 .67 
 
 .70 
 
 .83 
 
 .69 
 
 1868 
 
 .77 
 
 .83 
 
 .62 
 
 .61 
 
 .75 
 
 .75 
 
 .69 
 
 .57 
 
 .65 
 
 .46 
 
 .45 
 
 .40 
 
 .42 
 
 .48 
 
 1859 
 
 .44 
 
 .38 
 
 .27 
 
 .44 
 
 .49 
 
 .45 
 
 .41 
 
 .66 
 
 .46 
 
 .42 
 
 .42 
 
 .57 
 
 .55 
 
 .60 
 
 Meant. 
 
 .59 
 
 .62 
 
 .42 
 
 .43 
 
 .55 
 
 .54 
 
 .62 
 
 .62 
 
 .59 
 
 .45 
 
 .47 
 
 .55 
 
 .58 
 
 .55 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 115 
 
 TABLE XLV. (Continued.) 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE EXTENT OF SKY CLOUDED, AT EACH OF THE SIX OBSERVATIONS, FOR THE 
 
 YEARS 1851 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 JULY. 
 
 AUGUST. 
 
 Toronto 
 time. 
 
 2h. 
 
 4ft. 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12ft. 
 
 18 h. 
 
 20ft. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 2ft. 
 
 4ft. 
 
 10ft. 
 
 12ft. 
 
 18ft. 
 
 20ft. 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 1854 
 
 0.38 
 
 0.46 
 
 0.29 
 
 0.31 
 
 0.35 
 
 0.33 
 
 0.35 
 
 0.47 
 
 0.47 
 
 0.43 
 
 0.31 
 
 0.46 
 
 0.51 
 
 0.44 
 
 1855 
 
 .63 
 
 .57 
 
 . : 47 
 
 .51 
 
 .63 
 
 72 
 
 .59 
 
 .58 
 
 .59 
 
 .35 
 
 .34 
 
 .34 
 
 .46 
 
 .44 
 
 1856 
 
 .47 
 
 .49 
 
 .24 
 
 .36 
 
 .45 
 
 .34 
 
 .39 
 
 .63 
 
 55 
 
 .25 
 
 -.35 
 
 .59 
 
 .53 
 
 .48 
 
 1857 
 
 .51 
 
 .55 
 
 .30 
 
 .33 
 
 .55 
 
 .51 
 
 .46 
 
 .53 
 
 .49 
 
 .35 
 
 .48 
 
 .55 
 
 .42 
 
 .47 
 
 1858 
 
 .57 
 
 .52 
 
 .42 
 
 .43 
 
 .53 
 
 .54 
 
 .50 
 
 .49 
 
 .43 
 
 .35 
 
 .29 
 
 .45 
 
 .49 
 
 .42 
 
 1859 
 
 .48 
 
 .48 
 
 .47 
 
 .44 
 
 .51 
 
 36 
 
 .46 
 
 .44 
 
 .39 
 
 .32 
 
 .35 
 
 .45 
 
 .48 
 
 .40 
 
 Means. 
 
 .51 
 
 .51 
 
 .37 
 
 .40 
 
 .50 
 
 .47 
 
 .46 
 
 .52 
 
 49 
 
 .34 
 
 .35 
 
 .47 
 
 48 
 
 .44 
 
 SEPTEMBER. 
 
 OCTOBER. 
 
 1854 
 
 0.44 
 
 0.45 
 
 0.45 
 
 0.34 
 
 0.56 
 
 I 
 0.58 
 
 0.47 
 
 59 
 
 0.59 
 
 48 
 
 56 
 
 0.73 
 
 71 
 
 j 
 
 0.61 
 
 1855 
 
 .49 
 
 .47 
 
 .39 
 
 .40 
 
 .47 
 
 .46 
 
 .45 
 
 .69 
 
 .65 
 
 .61 
 
 .60 
 
 .72 
 
 .79 .68 
 
 1856 
 
 .55 
 
 .55 
 
 .50 
 
 .48 
 
 .47 
 
 .41 
 
 .49 
 
 .52 
 
 .53 
 
 .42 
 
 40 
 
 .48 
 
 .47 
 
 .47 
 
 1857 
 
 49 
 
 .49 
 
 .30 
 
 .37 
 
 .45 
 
 .45 
 
 .43 
 
 .64 
 
 .64 
 
 .61 
 
 .54 
 
 .66 
 
 .61 
 
 .62 
 
 1858 
 
 -.50 
 
 .49 
 
 .30 
 
 .31 
 
 .41 
 
 .47 
 
 .41 
 
 .65 
 
 59 
 
 .56 
 
 .57 
 
 .61 
 
 .63 
 
 .60 
 
 1859 
 
 .70 
 
 .72 
 
 .61 
 
 .63 
 
 .61 
 
 .65 
 
 .65 
 
 .68 
 
 .65 
 
 .55 
 
 .48 
 
 .73 
 
 .77 
 
 1 
 
 .64 
 
 1 
 
 Means. 
 
 .53 
 
 .53 
 
 .42 
 
 .42 .50 
 
 .50 
 
 .48 
 
 .63 
 
 .61 
 
 54 
 
 .53 
 
 .65 
 
 .66 
 
 60 
 
 NOVEMBER. 
 
 DECEMBER. 
 
 1854 
 
 0.81 
 
 0.78 
 
 0.72 
 
 0.62 
 
 0.79 
 
 0.77 
 
 0.75 
 
 0.84 
 
 0.70 
 
 0.77 
 
 0.82 
 
 81 
 
 
 
 0.82 
 
 0.79 
 
 1855 
 
 .72 
 
 .65 
 
 .50 
 
 .49 
 
 .60 
 
 .62 
 
 .60 
 
 .72 
 
 .74 
 
 .59 
 
 .62 
 
 64 
 
 .70 
 
 .67 
 
 1856 
 
 .85 
 
 .83 
 
 .74 
 
 .76 
 
 .78 
 
 .91 
 
 .81 
 
 .77 
 
 .77 
 
 67 
 
 .74 
 
 .82 
 
 .80 
 
 .76 
 
 1857 
 
 .83 
 
 .78 
 
 .01 
 
 .52 
 
 .63 
 
 .66 
 
 .67 
 
 .71 
 
 .75 
 
 .67 
 
 .69 
 
 .77 
 
 .78 
 
 .73 
 
 1858 
 
 .91 
 
 .84 
 
 .80 
 
 .83 
 
 .71 
 
 .77 
 
 .81 
 
 .87 
 
 .87 
 
 .79 
 
 .83 
 
 .79 
 
 .82 
 
 .83 
 
 1859 
 
 .86 
 
 .81 
 
 .79 
 
 .79 
 
 83 
 
 .73 
 
 .81 
 
 .75 
 
 80 
 
 .64 
 
 .66 
 
 .75 
 
 .76 
 
 .73 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 Means. 
 
 .83 
 
 .78 
 
 .69 
 
 .67 
 
 .72 
 
 .76 
 
 .74 
 
 .78 
 
 .77 
 
 .69 
 
 .73 
 
 76 
 
 .78 
 
 .75 
 
116 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 TABLE XLVF. 
 
 MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEANS OF THE EXTENT OF THE SKY CLOUDED FROM SIX DAILY OBSERVATIONS, 
 
 FOR 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "*! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 if 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September. 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. Year. 
 
 1854 
 
 0.78 
 
 0.71 
 
 0.62 
 
 0.63 
 
 0.38 
 
 49 
 
 0.35 
 
 0.44 
 
 0.47 
 
 61 
 
 0.75 
 
 0.79 
 
 0.69 
 
 1866 
 
 .79 
 
 .71 
 
 .67 
 
 .51 
 
 .46 
 
 .64 
 
 .59 
 
 .44 
 
 .45 
 
 68 
 
 .60 
 
 .67 
 
 .60 
 
 1866 
 
 .66 
 
 .66 
 
 .62 
 
 .60 
 
 .69 
 
 .47 
 
 .39 
 
 .48 
 
 .49 
 
 .47 
 
 .81 
 
 .76 
 
 .67 
 
 1867 
 
 .68 
 
 .72 
 
 ,61 
 
 .54 
 
 .61 
 
 .69 
 
 .46 
 
 .47 
 
 .43 
 
 .62 
 
 .67 
 
 .73 
 
 .60 
 
 1868 
 
 .61 
 
 .69 
 
 .50 
 
 .66 
 
 .69 
 
 .48 
 
 .60 
 
 .42 
 
 .41 
 
 .60 
 
 .81 
 
 .83 
 
 .60 
 
 1869 
 
 .72 
 
 .74 
 
 .65 
 
 .59 
 
 .41 
 
 .50 
 
 .46 
 
 .40 
 
 .65 
 
 .64 
 
 81 
 
 .73 
 
 .61 
 
 Means... 
 
 0.71 
 
 0.69 
 
 0.60 
 
 59 
 
 0.62 
 
 0.55 
 
 0.46 
 
 0.44 
 
 0.48 
 
 0.60 
 
 0.74 
 
 0.75 
 
 59 
 
 TABLE XLVII. 
 
 MONTHLY MEANS OF THE EXTENT OF SKY CLOUDED AT EACH OBSERVATION HOUR, FOR THE PERIOD 
 
 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical time. 
 
 2h. 
 
 Ok 
 
 10 h. 
 
 12 h. 
 
 18/i. 
 
 20V 
 
 Monthly 
 Means. 
 
 
 0.72 
 
 74 
 
 0.67 
 
 62 
 
 0.75 
 
 77 
 
 0.71 
 
 February 
 
 .73 
 
 .72 
 
 .60 
 
 .62 
 
 .71 
 
 .73 
 
 .69 
 
 March 
 
 .64 
 
 .63 
 
 .64 
 
 .53 
 
 63 
 
 .61 
 
 .60 
 
 April... 
 
 64 
 
 62 
 
 62 
 
 .63 
 
 .59 
 
 .63 
 
 .59 
 
 May . 
 
 69 
 
 62 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 .65 
 
 .54 
 
 52 
 
 
 .62 
 
 69 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 55 
 
 58 
 
 .56 
 
 July... 
 
 .61 
 
 61 
 
 .37 
 
 .40 
 
 .60 
 
 .47 
 
 .46 
 
 
 .52 
 
 .49 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 .47 
 
 48 
 
 .44 
 
 
 .63 
 
 .63 
 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 60 
 
 60 
 
 .48 
 
 
 .63 
 
 .61 
 
 ** 
 64 
 
 53 
 
 66 
 
 .66 
 
 .60 
 
 
 .83 
 
 .78 
 
 .69 
 
 67 
 
 .72 
 
 .76 
 
 .74 
 
 December 
 
 .78 
 
 .77 
 
 .69 
 
 .73 
 
 .76 
 
 .78 
 
 .76 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.65 
 
 0.63 
 
 62 
 
 52 
 
 62 
 
 0.62 
 
 0.69 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 117 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 
 "8 . 
 
 ^fr 
 
 33&832 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 s . 
 
 ^^ 
 
 S iO IO tO CO O iO 
 
 1C 
 10 
 
 
 B 
 
 B 
 
 H 
 
 CO 
 
 S.tn 
 
 
 
 0000000 
 
 o 
 
 
 1 
 
 5 W 
 
 0000000 
 
 O 
 
 
 | 
 
 X 
 
 4 
 
 o 10 us eo S so m 
 
 g 
 
 
 
 fc 
 
 to CO Mi * IO tr CO 
 IO CO N IO t- O 1M 
 07 CO 1M N <N CO IN 
 
 i 
 
 rH 
 
 
 > 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 T* 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 13 
 
 I* 
 
 s j 
 ,302 
 
 Ci 00 OC O to O 
 to <O IO O * Tt< 
 
 S 
 
 o 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 zi 
 
 C 
 
 1^ 
 |a 
 
 CO 30 W ^ * O IN 
 * TdlO "* * S 10 
 
 i 
 
 o 
 
 
 h 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^5 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 1O SO Tf * 5O 1C * 
 
 
 
 05 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 JZi 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 i- 
 
 * > 
 
 
 ft 
 
 10 10 T)I t- o oo us 
 ia o t- 10 t- c "5 
 
 2 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 "S ^ 
 
 3 J<! 
 
 R^ 
 
 S IO CO -^ * O IO 
 
 S 
 
 o 
 
 
 H 55 
 
 H 
 
 C 02 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IB 
 
 EH ~ 
 
 05 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 22^SS& 
 
 00 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 % 
 
 
 rt^ 
 
 
 a & 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 EH 
 * 5 
 
 
 to 
 
 ^SiSi8 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 a> . 
 
 -a >> 
 
 O5 O O O t-lO 00 
 
 S 
 
 
 tfl 
 
 o 2 
 
 
 ft 
 
 ia 09 <* ^) o IN N 
 
 <O O I- 00 t-t-5O 
 
 g 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 Uj 
 
 sfi 
 
 ^03 
 
 o 
 
 oo'odo'od 
 
 d 
 
 
 S 
 
 w < 
 
 ri 
 
 CM 
 o 
 
 0000000 
 
 o 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 e 
 
 
 
 CO IO S O O5 "* t- 
 
 t ^ t- <N *(< n 
 
 CO 
 
 rH 
 
 cs 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 t 
 
 5 % g 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 g!S58SS 
 
 i 1 iH iH fH r-t tH 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 "8 . 
 SJf 
 
 T(l OS O2 OS <N iH O 
 IO CD tt>*tf 1Q.C0.W 
 
 t^ 
 
 to 
 
 
 > g * 
 
 ^J ""OS 
 
 
 TJ 
 
 3 t' 
 
 t- co Q to -H * m 
 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 .See 
 
 
 
 0000000 
 
 
 
 
 * 2 
 
 WB rT 
 
 s 
 M 
 
 g-^' 
 
 ^aa 
 O 
 
 t~ CO 00 t- O 00 t- 
 
 o oooooo 
 
 oo 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 SCO 00 * tO O 
 o to t- co co to 
 
 rH 
 & 
 
 
 j s 
 
 1 SB 
 
 w 
 
 
 
 g 
 
 eo !> Tji QO cs ia o 
 o oo t- to <M t- o 
 
 iH i-l rH 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 T! 
 
 . 
 
 "2 >> 
 
 2-" 
 
 ,02 
 
 O 00 O5 -^ iH CO O 
 
 b- CO IO CO CO CO CO 
 
 o' oooooo 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 
 H 12 Q 
 
 
 T3 
 
 
 
 
 02 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 5 H 
 
 ? 2 
 
 
 "S >> 
 3-3 
 
 iHOD O OO t- 
 00 t- <O t- 00 t- t- 
 
 21 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 6 
 
 iO O5 t>- H O ^H CO 
 
 O O CO C5 CO .-H <N 
 
 CO 
 <N 
 
 
 Cu <1 
 
 H 
 
 .Sec 
 
 o oo o o o o 
 
 
 
 
 
 !5 
 
 
 O5 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 w 5 
 
 13 H 
 
 fc 
 
 =j 
 
 00 t~ C5 1C O O iO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 P? 
 
 * O 00 t- 00 iH T)l 
 IO t- CO CO CO CO tr- 
 
 & 
 
 
 M a 
 
 
 
 
 -H 
 
 i 
 
 
 N 
 
 ^02 
 O 
 
 ooooooo 
 
 O 
 
 
 g 
 
 B & 
 
 EH (5 
 
 Ed 
 
 fe 
 
 * 
 
 m <M os i o c 
 
 CO eo 10 to CO t- 
 
 o o o o o o o 
 
 
 
 ^> 
 
 
 as 
 
 
 
 to 
 
 00 -H * r-t * <* $ 
 
 co i CM co ia co o 
 
 I < rH i-H T 1 rH 
 
 CO 
 IO 
 
 t- 
 
 
 R* 2 
 
 H 
 
 b 
 
 
 
 
 
 T3 
 
 
 
 
 B * 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 fc 
 
 a 
 
 n 
 
 OO b- C5 i-< C> t- GO 
 
 ^ t~ t- to m 10 so 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 03 
 
 "S ^ 
 
 J< 
 ^02 
 O 
 
 IO 4O iO IO O iO CO 
 
 o' 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 "8 . 
 
 co co ao * r-na o 
 
 
 
 02 
 
 1 
 
 S2g^! 
 
 S 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 P ^ 
 
 "O -^ * * O iO IO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 'B 
 
 S5 
 
 ^03 
 O 
 
 ooo oooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 T3 
 
 9 
 
 g >> 
 
 OS OS t*- SO IO O IO 
 
 ^ cc 10 -* o M< ^* 
 
 2? 
 
 
 B 
 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 
 m 
 
 ^SS&83 
 
 JP 
 B 
 
 
 02 
 
 &1 
 Q 
 
 ooooooo 
 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 iH i-l rH i-l rH rH .-H 
 
 
 
 
 
 CO <3S "* C5 rH CO IO 
 
 HI 
 
 
 t> 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S3 
 
 Cq l* b- CO t- 00 *>- 
 
 tH 
 
 fe 
 
 
 J 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 
 | 
 
 9 
 
 N 
 
 "* 1C O t- CO CS 
 O tO O iO ift 1O 
 00 00 00 00 00 00 
 i-l p-t rH rH rH i-H rH 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 ST}< lO O l>- OO C5 
 iO JO iO iO O tO 
 00 OO OO 00 00 CO CO 
 TH iH rH t-4 pH i-H ^H 
 
 O3 
 
 
118 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLE XLIX. 
 
 COMPARATIVE VIEW OF THE ANNUAL VARIATIONS OF CERTAIN METEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS DERIVED 
 FROM THE SERIES 1842-48, AND FROM THE SERIES 1854-59. 
 
 Months. 
 
 Temperature. Barometer. 
 
 Pressure of Dry 
 Air. 
 
 Pressure of 
 Vapour. 
 
 Relative 
 Humidity. 
 
 1842 
 1848 
 
 1854 1842 
 1859 1848 
 
 1854 
 1859 
 
 1842 
 1848 
 
 1854 
 1859 
 
 1842 
 1848 
 
 1854 
 1859 
 
 1842 
 1848 
 
 1854 
 1859 
 
 January 
 
 19.00 
 21.05 
 14.51 
 1.68 
 + 8.59 
 +16.37 
 +21.67 
 +21 42 
 +13 27 
 12 
 8 08 
 16.89 
 
 21.44 
 23.09 
 14.68 
 3.47 
 + 7.52 
 +17.35 
 +24 88 
 +22.08 
 +14.65 
 + 2.42 
 7.26 
 19 03 
 
 003 
 .007 
 + .001 
 + .036 
 .056 
 .044 
 .032 
 + .017 
 + .026 
 + .042 
 + .005 
 + .022 
 
 + .053 
 + .025 
 .076 
 .042 
 .018 
 .070 
 .000 
 .008 
 + .061 
 .+.039 
 .019 
 + .056 
 
 + .139 
 + 149 
 + .131 
 + .093 
 .089 
 .182 
 .235 
 .213 
 .092 
 +.064 
 + .083 
 + .155 
 
 + .200 
 + .180 
 + .049 
 + .032 
 .025 
 .219 
 .249 
 .208 
 .064 
 + .050 
 + .063 
 + .195 
 
 .142 
 .156 
 .130 
 .057 
 + .033 
 + .138 
 +.204 
 + .230 
 + .118 
 .022 
 .078 
 j .133 
 
 .146 
 .154 
 .125 
 .074 
 +.008 
 +.149 
 +.249 
 +.200 
 +.126 
 .011 
 .082 
 .138 
 
 + 5 
 2 
 3 
 6 
 5 
 2 
 4 
 + 1 
 + 2 
 + 4 
 + 6 
 + 3 
 
 + 6 
 f 4 
 + 1 
 4 
 6 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 + 1 
 
 + 2 
 + 5 
 
 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 Julv .. 
 
 
 September . 
 
 October 
 
 
 
 
 TABLE L. 
 
 COMPARATIVE VIEW OF THE ANNUAL MEANS OF THE DIURNAL VARIATIONS AT THE SIX OBSERVATION 
 
 HOURS FOR THE SAME TWO SERIES. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Temperature. 
 
 Barometer. 
 
 Pressure of Dry 
 Air. 
 
 Pressure of 
 Vapour. 
 
 Relative 
 Humidity. 
 
 1842 
 
 1854 
 
 1842 
 
 1854 
 
 1842 
 
 1854 
 
 1842 
 
 1854 
 
 1842 
 
 1854 
 
 
 1848 
 
 1859 
 
 1848 
 
 1859 
 
 1848 
 
 1859 
 
 1848 
 
 1859 
 
 1848 
 
 1859 
 
 2 
 
 + 5.90 
 
 + 6.25 
 
 -.013 
 
 -.015 
 
 -.040 
 
 -.032 
 
 + .028 
 
 + .017 
 
 - 9 
 
 - 9 
 
 4 
 
 + 5.56 
 
 + 4.65 
 
 -.018 
 
 - .019 
 
 - .041 
 
 -.031 
 
 + .024 
 
 + .012 
 
 - 9 
 
 - 8 
 
 10 
 
 -2.30 
 
 -1.85 
 
 - .001 
 
 + .005 
 
 + .011 
 
 + .009 
 
 -.012 
 
 -.005 
 
 + 3 
 
 + 4 
 
 12 
 
 -3.42 
 
 -3.99 
 
 -.005 
 
 + .002 
 
 +. .012 
 
 + .012 
 
 -.017 
 
 -.010 
 
 + 5 
 
 + 5 
 
 18 . 
 
 -4.66 
 
 -3.95 
 
 + .010 
 
 + .009 
 
 + .032 
 
 + .023 
 
 -.022 
 
 -.014 
 
 + 7 
 
 + 7 
 
 20 
 
 -1.21 
 
 - 1.22 
 
 + .025 
 
 + .020 
 
 + .025 
 
 + .020 
 
 .000 
 
 .000 
 
 + 2 
 
 + 2 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 119 
 
 TABLES LI. 
 
 RESULTANT DIRECTION, RESULTANT VELOCITY, AND MEAN VELOCITY OF THE WIND FOR EACH MONTH. 
 
 RESULTANT DIRECTION. 
 
 
 J:muar3'. 
 
 i 
 February/ March. 
 
 . 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. ; August. 
 
 September. 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1854 N 77 WIN 7 E'NSSW 
 1855 N 73 W N 40 W N 88 W 
 1856 N 75 W N 81 W N 71 W 
 1857 N 70 W N 102 W N 63 W 
 1858 N 71 WN 72 WN58W 
 1859 N 99 W N 54 WN C4 W 
 
 N50E 
 N 36 W 
 N29 E 
 N 60 W 
 N 14 W 
 N36W 
 
 N 90 E 
 N IW 
 
 N 4 E 
 N 23 W 
 N42E 
 
 N72 E 
 
 N 24 E 
 N 69 W 
 N159W 
 N 49 W 
 N160E 
 N 77 W 
 
 i 
 N131W ! N 64 W 
 N161WN 63 W 
 N 79W N 50 W 
 N112E N 77 W 
 N 15 E N 69 W 
 N 5GW N 36 W 
 
 N 22WN45WN 90 W 
 N 20 E'N82W'N 66 W 
 N101 WIN76WN 95 W 
 N 68 WN 19WN119 W 
 N 106 W N 34 W N 25 W 
 N 44 W N 68 W N 81 W 
 
 N 44 W 
 N 92 W 
 N 93 W 
 N89W 
 N 18 W 
 N 53 W 
 
 N 45 W 
 X64W 
 
 y 71 w 
 
 N74W 
 N 41 W 
 X61W 
 
 1S54 
 
 TO 
 
 1859 
 
 N77W 
 
 o ! 
 N 67 WN 70 W 
 
 N 23 WjN 20 E 
 
 N73W 
 
 N 06 WjN 58 W 
 
 N 61 W 
 
 N 61} W 
 
 N 85W 
 
 N 70 W 
 
 N 62 W 
 
 RESULTANT VELOCITY. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1854 
 
 2 44 
 
 1.73 
 
 3 39 
 
 2 57 
 
 0.40 
 
 0.71 
 
 37 
 
 1.76 
 
 1.33 
 
 1.52 
 
 3.44 
 
 4.30 
 
 ',.47 
 
 1855 1.91 
 
 4.34 
 
 4.76 
 
 3.99 
 
 2.76 
 
 1 33 
 
 0.73 
 
 1.04 
 
 1.29 
 
 4.91 
 
 3.18 
 
 5.29 
 
 2.47 
 
 1856 | 5 24 
 
 7 70 
 
 7 68 
 
 1.64 
 
 3 99 
 
 0.90 ! 1 57 
 
 2.88 
 
 1.98 
 
 2.15 
 
 2.95 
 
 4.62 
 
 3.03 
 
 1857 4.96 
 
 3.68 
 
 6 63 
 
 4.15 
 
 1 14 
 
 1.15 
 
 0.81 
 
 1.51 
 
 1.61 
 
 2.93 
 
 5.45 2.51 
 
 2.54 
 
 1858 
 
 2.33 
 
 3 22 5 45 
 
 1.64 
 
 3.33 0.25 1.13 
 
 1.57 i 1.53 
 
 0.36 
 
 3.14 
 
 1.66 
 
 1.59 
 
 1859 
 
 3.17 
 
 2.72 
 
 1.96 
 
 2.33 
 
 1 69 
 
 1.95 
 
 1.48 
 
 1.62 
 
 1.60 
 
 5.04 
 
 3.39 
 
 4.29 
 
 2.24 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1854 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 TO 
 
 1859 
 
 3 29 
 
 3.45 
 
 4.89 
 
 2.14 
 
 1.91 0.69 
 
 0.41 
 
 1.68 
 
 1.16 
 
 2.60 
 
 3.13 
 
 3.42 
 
 2.18 
 
 MEAN VELOCITY. 
 
 
 January, j February 
 
 Mnrch 
 
 April, 
 
 May 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 Sepiember 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 : December 
 
 Year. 
 
 1854 
 
 6.91 
 
 6.91 
 
 8.03 
 
 6.81 
 
 5.38 
 
 4.15 
 
 4.03 
 
 4.60 
 
 4.04 
 
 4.57 
 
 7.54 
 
 8.56 
 
 5.96 
 
 1855 
 
 7.26 
 
 817. 
 
 9.95 
 
 7.57 
 
 5.93 
 
 5.70 
 
 6.47 
 
 6.97 
 
 7.61 
 
 9.88 
 
 10.81 
 
 11.38 
 
 8.14 
 
 1856 
 
 10.69 
 
 10.71 
 
 11.39 
 
 6.05 
 
 9.81 
 
 5.30 
 
 5.84 
 
 7.03 
 
 6.53 
 
 6.07 
 
 8.75 
 
 11.56 
 
 8.31 
 
 1857 
 
 10.31 
 
 9.82 
 
 10.84 
 
 10.24 
 
 8.13 
 
 7.60 
 
 4.74 
 
 6.36 
 
 5.55 
 
 6.24 
 
 9.25 
 
 6.84 
 
 7.99 
 
 1858 
 
 7.40 
 
 9.12 
 
 8.56 
 
 9.57 
 
 9.30 
 
 5.53 5.76 
 
 6.50 
 
 5.69 
 
 5.96 
 
 8.87 
 
 9.36 
 
 7.64 
 
 1859 
 
 8.76 
 
 8.50 
 
 10.39 
 
 10.79 
 
 5.70 
 
 7.19 | 6.81 
 
 5.96 
 
 6.36 
 
 8.12 
 
 9.65 
 
 10.77 
 
 8.17 
 
 1854 
 
 TO 
 
 8.56 
 
 8.87- 
 
 9.86 
 
 8.50 
 
 7.37 . 5.91 ' 5.44 
 
 6.24 
 
 5.96 
 
 6.81 
 
 9.15 
 
 9.75 
 
 7.70 
 
 1859 
 
 
 
 
 
 ! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
120 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLE LII. 
 
 MONTHLY AND ANNUAL RESULTANT DIRECTIONS OP THE WIND AT EACH HOUR OP TORONTO 
 ASTRONOMICAL TIME, FOR THE PERIOD 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 Hour* 
 
 Commfne- 
 
 E*. 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September. 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 
 N84W 
 
 N83W 
 
 N83W 
 
 N111W 
 
 N107E 
 
 N168W 
 
 N180W 
 
 N 142 W 
 
 N146W 
 
 N 86 W 
 
 N 91 W 
 
 N 73 W 
 
 N103W 
 
 1 
 
 N86W 
 
 N82W 
 
 N84W 
 
 N110W 
 
 N108E 
 
 N164W 
 
 N175W 
 
 N139W 
 
 N142W 
 
 N87 W 
 
 N 90 W 
 
 N 79 W 
 
 N103W 
 
 2 
 
 N87W 
 
 N81W 
 
 N83W 
 
 N97W 
 
 N 80E 
 
 N168W 
 
 N 175W N 123 W 
 
 N135W 
 
 N 84 W 
 
 N 90 W 
 
 N 81 W 
 
 N101W 
 
 3 
 
 N82W 
 
 N79W 
 
 N80W 
 
 N75W 
 
 N 49E 
 
 N164W 
 
 N176W 
 
 N105W 
 
 N120W 
 
 N 77 W 
 
 N 88 W 
 
 N 82 W 
 
 N 90W 
 
 4 
 
 N79W 
 
 N72W 
 
 N76W 
 
 N51 W 
 
 N 19 E 
 
 NU8W 
 
 N153W 
 
 N 79 W 
 
 N 92 W 
 
 N 70 W 
 
 N 83 W 
 
 N 82 W 
 
 N 77 W 
 
 5 
 
 N82W 
 
 N70W 
 
 N74W 
 
 N45W 
 
 N 
 
 N 87W 
 
 N 94W 
 
 N 66 W 
 
 N 78 W 
 
 N 70 W 
 
 N 84 W 
 
 N 80 W 
 
 N 70W 
 
 6 
 
 N82W 
 
 N64W 
 
 N72W 
 
 N47W 
 
 N 3W 
 
 N 52W 
 
 N 66W 
 
 N 49 W 
 
 N 61 W 
 
 N 66 W 
 
 N 83 W 
 
 N 80 W 
 
 N 64W 
 
 7 
 
 N76W 
 
 N62W 
 
 N66W 
 
 N34W 
 
 N 1W 
 
 N 39W 
 
 N 52W 
 
 N 41 W 
 
 N 65 W 
 
 N 60 W 
 
 N 83 W 
 
 N 81 W 
 
 N 69W 
 
 8 
 
 N79W 
 
 N61W 
 
 N68W 
 
 N25W 
 
 N 6E 
 
 N 24W 
 
 N 36W 
 
 N 38W 
 
 N 44W 
 
 N 59 W 
 
 N 78 W 
 
 N 81 W 
 
 N 66 W 
 
 9 
 
 N81W 
 
 N56W 
 
 N64W 
 
 N20W 
 
 N 
 
 N 16W 
 
 N 32W 
 
 N 32 W 
 
 N 35W 
 
 N 5> W 
 
 N 77 W 
 
 N 76 W 
 
 N 61 W 
 
 10 
 
 N76W 
 
 N58W 
 
 N61W 
 
 N 13 W 
 
 N IE 
 
 N 16W 
 
 N 29W 
 
 N SOW 
 
 N SOW 
 
 N 62 W 
 
 N 80 W 
 
 N 70 W 
 
 N 48W 
 
 11 
 
 N73W 
 
 N62W 
 
 N58W 
 
 N 9W 
 
 N 3E 
 
 N 18W 
 
 N 28W 
 
 N 29W 
 
 N 21 W 
 
 N 61 W 
 
 N 79 W 
 
 N 68 W 
 
 N 46W 
 
 12 
 
 N72W 
 
 N58W 
 
 N56W 
 
 N 2W 
 
 N 6E 
 
 N 18W 
 
 N 18W 
 
 N 24W 
 
 N 22 W 
 
 N 44 W 
 
 N 79 .W 
 
 N 66 W 
 
 N 43W 
 
 13 
 
 JN 71 W 
 
 N56W 
 
 N54W 
 
 N 2\V 
 
 N 6E 
 
 N 17W 
 
 N 14 W 
 
 N 22 W 
 
 N 20 W 
 
 N 51 W 
 
 N 81 W 
 
 N 62 W 
 
 N 40W 
 
 14 
 
 N70W 
 
 N56W 
 
 N64WN 3W 
 
 N 2E 
 
 N 16W 
 
 N 11W 
 
 N 26W 
 
 N 20W 
 
 N 62 W 
 
 N 80 W 
 
 N 57 W 
 
 N 40W 
 
 15 
 
 N74W 
 
 N59W 
 
 N63W 
 
 N 2W 
 
 N 10 E 
 
 N 21W 
 
 N 9W 
 
 N 25W 
 
 N 17 W 
 
 N 43 W 
 
 N 7 W 
 
 N 64 W 
 
 N 39 W 
 
 16 
 
 N70W 
 
 N61W 
 
 N50W 
 
 N 2W 
 
 N 16 E 
 
 N 18W 
 
 N 11W 
 
 N 20W 
 
 N 15 W 
 
 N 43 W 
 
 N 83 W 
 
 N 66 W 
 
 N 39W 
 
 17 
 
 N73W 
 
 N62W 
 
 N63W 
 
 N 2W 
 
 N 15 E 
 
 N 24W 
 
 N 15W 
 
 N 18W 
 
 N 14 W 
 
 N 39 W 
 
 N 84 W 
 
 N 66 W 
 
 N 38W 
 
 18 
 
 N73VV 
 
 N64W 
 
 N53W 
 
 N 1W 
 
 N 16 E 
 
 N 29W 
 
 N 15W 
 
 N SOW 
 
 N 21 W 
 
 N 39 W 
 
 N 86 W 
 
 X 62 W 
 
 N 40W 
 
 19 
 
 N71W 
 
 N66W 
 
 N62W 
 
 N10W 
 
 N 27E 
 
 N 42W 
 
 N 14W 
 
 N 38W 
 
 N 36W 
 
 N 46 W 
 
 N 82 W 
 
 N 66 W 
 
 N 42W 
 
 20 
 
 IN68W 
 
 N65W 
 
 N53W 
 
 N 9W 
 
 N 29E 
 
 N 67W 
 
 N 19W 
 
 N 66W 
 
 N 49 W 
 
 N 60. W 
 
 N 83 W 
 
 N 69 W 
 
 N 48W 
 
 21 
 
 N69W 
 
 N68W 
 
 N 62 W 
 
 N 12 W 
 
 N 36E 
 
 N126W 
 
 N140W 
 
 N 74 W 
 
 N 78 W 
 
 N 68 W 
 
 N 87 W 
 
 N 69 W 
 
 N 63 W 
 
 22 
 
 N75W 
 
 N 72 W 
 
 N72W 
 
 N40W 
 
 N 61 E 
 
 N145W 
 
 N171E 
 
 N112W 
 
 N121 W 
 
 N 66 W 
 
 N 88 W 
 
 N 62 W 
 
 N 80W 
 
 23 
 
 N82W 
 
 N76W 
 
 N78W 
 
 N89W 
 
 N 84E 
 
 N157W 
 
 N173E 
 
 N138W 
 
 N146W 
 
 N 79 W 
 
 N 92 W 
 
 N 67 W 
 
 X 96W 
 
 TllNTTW 
 
 M h..ur8|| 
 
 N 67 W N 70 W 
 
 N 23 W'N 20 E N 73 W N 66 W 
 
 I 
 
 N 68 W 
 
 N 61 W 
 
 N 62 W 
 
 N 86 W 
 
 N 70 W 
 
 N 62W 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 TABLE LIII. 
 
 121 
 
 MONTHLY AND YEARLY RESULTANT VELOCITIES OF THE WIND FOR EACH HOUR OF TORONTO ASTRONOMICAL 
 TIME, FOR THE PERIOD 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE, THE VELOCITIES BEING IN MILES PER HOUR. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September. 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Tear. 
 
 
 
 4.71 
 
 4.34 
 
 5.97 
 
 1.17 
 
 1.49 
 
 2.35 
 
 2.97 
 
 2.67 
 
 2.35 
 
 3.54 
 
 4.40 
 
 4.39 
 
 t.61 
 
 1 
 
 4.69 
 
 4.17 
 
 6.14 
 
 1.50 
 
 1.17 
 
 2.45 
 
 2.90 
 
 2.92 
 
 2 10 
 
 3.29 
 
 4.75 
 
 4.46 
 
 2.T1 
 
 2 
 
 4.45 
 
 3.94 
 
 6.26 
 
 1.68 
 
 0.98 
 
 2.34 
 
 2.73 
 
 2.73 
 
 2 05 
 
 3.34 
 
 4.15 
 
 4.24 
 
 2.70 
 
 3 
 
 3.92 
 
 3.98 
 
 6.26 
 
 1.92 
 
 1.03 
 
 1.70 
 
 L97 
 
 2.29 
 
 1.75 
 
 3.21 
 
 4.07 
 
 3.94 
 
 2.56 
 
 4 
 
 3.48 
 
 3.76 
 
 6.27 
 
 1.99 
 
 1.37 
 
 1.42 
 
 1.16 
 
 1.96 
 
 1.70 
 
 3.39 
 
 3.77 
 
 3 89 
 
 2.60 
 
 5 
 
 3.02 
 
 2.94 
 
 5.99 
 
 2.45 
 
 1.89 
 
 0.96 
 
 0.75 
 
 2.50 
 
 1.43 
 
 2.85 
 
 3.10 
 
 3.75 
 
 2.48 
 
 6 
 
 3.10 
 
 3.13 
 
 5.48 
 
 2.68 
 
 2.29 
 
 0.86 
 
 0.69 
 
 2.50 
 
 1.38 
 
 2.47 
 
 2.83 
 
 3.82 
 
 2.44 
 
 7 
 
 3.05 
 
 3.29 
 
 5.10 
 
 2.47 
 
 2.27 
 
 1.14 
 
 0.69 
 
 2.21 
 
 1.47 
 
 2.47 
 
 2.59 
 
 3.92 
 
 2.38 
 
 8 
 
 3.02 
 
 3.28 
 
 4.93 
 
 2.84 
 
 2.04 
 
 1.19 
 
 0.80 
 
 2.30 
 
 1.58 
 
 2.45 
 
 2.53 
 
 4.00 
 
 2.35 
 
 9 
 
 2.55 
 
 3.12 
 
 5.15 
 
 3.38 
 
 1.95 
 
 1.50 
 
 1.05 
 
 2.37 
 
 1.60 
 
 2.34 
 
 2.44 
 
 3.98 
 
 2.38 
 
 10 
 
 2.73 
 
 2.92 
 
 4.60 
 
 3.17 
 
 2.02 
 
 1.66 
 
 1.46 
 
 2.24 
 
 1.92 
 
 2.15 
 
 2.53 
 
 3.88 
 
 2.36 
 
 11 
 
 2.88 
 
 2.80 
 
 4.39 
 
 2.79 
 
 2.28 
 
 * 
 
 1.58 
 
 1.64 
 
 2.03 
 
 1.82 
 
 2.00 
 
 2.38 
 
 3 80 
 
 2.28 
 
 12 
 
 2.77 
 
 2.92 
 
 4.24 
 
 3.01 
 
 2.21 
 
 1.68 
 
 1.81 
 
 2.08 
 
 1.69 
 
 1.92 
 
 2.61 
 
 3.53 
 
 2.25 
 
 13 
 
 2.73 
 
 3.42 
 
 4.29 
 
 3.07 
 
 2.39 
 
 1.73 
 
 2.05 
 
 2.25 
 
 1.80 
 
 2.04 
 
 2.52 
 
 2.94 
 
 2.32 
 
 14 
 
 2.92 
 
 3.35 
 
 3.95 
 
 3.01 
 
 2.69 
 
 1.53 
 
 2.05 
 
 .2.15 
 
 1.96 
 
 2.23 
 
 2.64 
 
 2.76 
 
 2.33 
 
 15 
 
 2.81 
 
 3.23 
 
 3.92 
 
 2.84 
 
 2.43 
 
 1.40 
 
 2.01 
 
 2.31 
 
 1.90 
 
 2.21 
 
 2.75 
 
 2.67 
 
 2.25 
 
 16 
 
 2.71 
 
 3.34 
 
 3.97 
 
 2.95 
 
 2.24 
 
 1.16 
 
 1.93 
 
 2.12 
 
 1 73 
 
 2.06 
 
 2.62 
 
 2.65 
 
 2.16 
 
 17 
 
 2.74 
 
 3.23 
 
 3.75 
 
 3.10 
 
 2.47 
 
 1.31 
 
 1.79 
 
 2.10 
 
 1.61 
 
 2.16 
 
 2.43 
 
 2.44 
 
 2.11 
 
 18 
 
 2.74 
 
 3.73 
 
 3.80 
 
 3.25 
 
 3.52 
 
 1.34 
 
 1.74 
 
 2.26 
 
 1.68 
 
 2.10 
 
 2.66 
 
 2.41 
 
 2.23 
 
 19 
 
 3.02 
 
 3.57 
 
 4.21 
 
 3.09 
 
 3.54 
 
 0.97 
 
 1.54 
 
 2.09 
 
 1.72 
 
 2.43 
 
 2.58 
 
 2.27 
 
 2.22 
 
 20 
 
 3.30 
 
 3.53 
 
 4.50 
 
 2.63 
 
 3.39 
 
 0.84 
 
 0.69 
 
 2.25 
 
 1.43 
 
 3.09 
 
 2.75 
 
 2.85 
 
 2.22 
 
 21 
 
 3.77 
 
 4.00 
 
 6.09 
 
 1.92 
 
 2.56 
 
 1.12 
 
 0.57 
 
 1.95 
 
 1.24 
 
 3.14 
 
 3.52 
 
 3.11 
 
 2.84 
 
 22 
 
 3.90 
 
 3.98 
 
 5.38 
 
 1.17 
 
 1.82 
 
 1.62 
 
 1.82 
 
 1.77 
 
 1.41 
 
 3.18 
 
 4.17 
 
 3.87 
 
 2.18 
 
 23 
 
 4.45 
 
 4.30 
 
 6.71 
 
 0.92 
 
 1.49 
 
 2.08 
 
 2.48 
 
 2.49 
 
 2.01 
 
 3.33 
 
 4.43 
 
 3.93 
 
 2.37 
 
 Period 
 of 
 24 hours. 
 
 3.29 
 
 3.45 
 
 4.89 
 
 2.14 
 
 1.91 
 
 0.69 
 
 0.41 
 
 1.68 
 
 1.16 
 
 2.60 
 
 3.13 
 
 3.42 
 
 2.18 
 
 16 
 
122 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 TABLE LIV. 
 
 MONTHLY AND YEARLY MEAN VELOCITIES OF THE WIND FOR EACH HOUR OF TORONTO ASTRONOMICAL TIME, 
 FOR THE PERIOD 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE, THE VELOCITIES BEING IN MILES PER HOUR. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 Juno. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September. 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 
 10.43 
 
 10.69 
 
 12.09 
 
 11.29 
 
 10.33 
 
 8.80 
 
 8.76 
 
 8.99 
 
 9.27 
 
 10.33 
 
 11.67 
 
 10.97 
 
 10.29 
 
 1 
 
 10.54 
 
 10.54 
 
 12.29 
 
 11.12 
 
 10.28 
 
 9.06 
 
 8.62 
 
 9.45 
 
 8.94 
 
 10.22 
 
 11.79 
 
 11.05 
 
 10.32 
 
 2 
 
 10.45 
 
 10.13 
 
 12.50 
 
 10.99 
 
 10.05 
 
 8.89 
 
 8.74 
 
 9.72 
 
 9.21 
 
 9.98 
 
 11.86 
 
 10.69 
 
 10.27 
 
 3 
 
 9.86 
 
 9.95 
 
 12.28 
 
 10.66 
 
 9.67 
 
 8.85 
 
 8.18 
 
 9.62 
 
 8.80 
 
 9.39 
 
 10.94 
 
 10.02 
 
 9.84 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 9.23 
 8.63 
 
 9.72 
 8 64 
 
 12.56 
 11.18 
 
 10.43 
 9.13 
 
 9.41 
 8.02 
 
 8.57 
 7.25 
 
 7.63 
 6.39 
 
 9.11 
 
 7.84 
 
 7.86 
 6.09 
 
 8.50 
 6.65 
 
 10.28 
 9.06 
 
 9.97 
 9.60 
 
 !).44 
 8.20 
 
 6 
 
 8.66 
 
 8.67 
 
 10.24 
 
 8.15 
 
 6.99 
 
 6.98 
 
 5.01 
 
 6.41 
 
 6.09 
 
 5.87 
 
 8.83 
 
 9.64 
 
 7.45 
 
 .7 
 
 8 73 
 
 8.88 
 
 9.87 
 
 7.17 
 
 6.23 
 
 4.88 
 
 3.68 
 
 6.16 
 
 4.64 
 
 6.77 
 
 8.27 
 
 9.63 
 
 6.91 
 
 8 
 
 8 38 
 
 8.99 
 
 9.41 
 
 7.22 
 
 6.91 
 
 4.41 
 
 3.31 
 
 4.95 
 
 4.45 
 
 5.73 
 
 8.31 
 
 9.63 
 
 6.72 
 
 9 
 
 7.74 
 
 8.08 
 
 9.22 
 
 7.06 
 
 5.26 
 
 4.19 
 
 3.39 
 
 4.63 
 
 4.68 
 
 6.29 
 
 8.02 
 
 9.23 
 
 6.40 
 
 10 
 
 7.91 
 
 7.69 
 
 8.63 
 
 6.82 
 
 5.06 
 
 4.17 
 
 3.82 
 
 4.62 
 
 4.66 
 
 5.42 
 
 7.98 
 
 9.44 
 
 6.34 
 
 11 
 
 7.76 
 
 7.73 
 
 8.28 
 
 6.58 
 
 5.13 
 
 3.94 
 
 3.61 
 
 4.08 
 
 4.29 
 
 5.08 
 
 7.93 
 
 9.70 
 
 6.18 
 
 12 
 
 7.90 
 
 7.84 
 
 8.12 
 
 6.68 
 
 4.92 
 
 411 
 
 4.00 
 
 3.98 
 
 4.09 
 
 4.92 
 
 7.95 
 
 9.63 
 
 6.17 
 
 13 
 
 7.66 
 
 8.19 
 
 8.04 
 
 6.56 
 
 4.99 
 
 3.84 
 
 3.82 
 
 4.16 
 
 4 40 
 
 6.00 
 
 7.82 
 
 9.21 
 
 6.14 
 
 14 
 
 7.48 
 
 8.11 
 
 7.86 
 
 6.82 
 
 5.34 
 
 3.82 
 
 4.07 
 
 4.18 
 
 4.48 
 
 6.41 
 
 7.89 
 
 9.43 
 
 6.24 
 
 16 
 
 7.42 
 
 7.86 
 
 7.93 
 
 6.71 
 
 6.03 
 
 3.77 
 
 3.83 
 
 4.29 
 
 4.39 
 
 5.25 
 
 8.13 
 
 9.48 
 
 6.17 
 
 16 
 
 7.49 
 
 8.13 
 
 8.32 
 
 6.67 
 
 4.97 
 
 3.93 
 
 3.65 
 
 4.15 
 
 4.16 
 
 5.09 
 
 8.26 
 
 9.14 
 
 6.16 
 
 17 
 
 7.32 
 
 7.99 
 
 8.12 
 
 7.06 
 
 6.42 
 
 4.01 
 
 3.58 
 
 4.24 
 
 4.19 
 
 6.17 
 
 8.09 
 
 9.22 
 
 6.20 
 
 18 
 
 7.94 
 
 8.62 
 
 8.36 
 
 7.50 
 
 7.27 
 
 4.61 
 
 4.01 
 
 4.56 
 
 4.29 
 
 4.91 
 
 8 08 
 
 9.25 
 
 6.62 
 
 19 
 
 7.66 
 
 8 06 
 
 8.64 
 
 8.44 
 
 8.03 
 
 6.10 
 
 4.72 
 
 4.79 
 
 5.11 
 
 560 
 
 7.91 
 
 8.49 
 
 6.87 
 
 20 
 
 8.08 
 
 8 67 
 
 9.45 
 
 9.31 
 
 9.02 
 
 6.17 
 
 6.73 
 
 6.43 
 
 6.04 
 
 6.87 
 
 8.70 
 
 9.57 
 
 7.83 
 
 21 
 
 8.83 
 
 9.66 
 
 10.44 
 
 9.77 
 
 9.47 
 
 7.01 
 
 6.70 
 
 7.31 
 
 7.28 
 
 8.10 
 
 9.61 
 
 9.95 
 
 8.67 
 
 22 
 
 9.35 
 
 10.13 
 
 11.17 
 
 10.81 
 
 9.91 
 
 8.04 
 
 7.38 
 
 8.15 
 
 7.99 
 
 9.03 
 
 10.82 
 
 10.48 
 
 9.44 
 
 23 
 
 9.90 
 
 10.32 
 
 11 76 
 
 11.27 
 
 10.25 
 
 8.56 
 
 7.97 
 
 9.00 
 
 8.72 
 
 9.83 
 
 11 45 
 
 
 
 10.60 
 
 9.96 
 
 JV-riml 
 of 
 24 hours 
 
 8.66 
 
 8.87 
 
 9.86 
 
 8.60 
 
 7.37 
 
 6.91 
 
 5.44 
 
 6.24 
 
 6.96 
 
 6.81 
 
 9.16 
 
 9.76 
 
 7.70 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 123 
 
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124 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 TABLE LVI. 
 
 RATIOS SHEWING THE COMPARATIVE DURATION OF DIFFERENT WINDS IN EACH 
 
 IN THE MONTH EXPRFSSED IN TERMS OP THE 
 
 
 N. 
 
 N.N.E. 
 
 N.E. 
 
 E.N.E. 
 
 E. 
 
 E.S.E. 
 
 S.E. 
 
 S.S.E. 
 
 S. 
 
 January 
 
 1.15 
 
 0.74 
 
 0.96 
 
 0.72 
 
 0.75 
 
 0.44 
 
 0.23 
 
 0.21 
 
 25 
 
 February 
 
 1.24 
 
 85 
 
 73 
 
 0.68 
 
 96 
 
 37 
 
 20 
 
 028 
 
 37 
 
 March 
 
 0.68 
 
 0.33 
 
 0.34 
 
 1.10 
 
 1.01 
 
 0.44 
 
 0.46 
 
 0.24 
 
 0.47 
 
 April 
 
 1.29 
 
 0.96 
 
 0.84 
 
 1.40 
 
 1.71 
 
 0.89 
 
 0.48 
 
 0.52 
 
 0.75 
 
 May.. 
 
 1.31 
 
 0.50 
 
 0.71 
 
 1.90 
 
 2.08 
 
 1.03 
 
 0.56 
 
 0.57 
 
 1 08 
 
 June 
 
 0.91 
 
 0.44 
 
 0.66 
 
 1.34 
 
 1.85 
 
 0.84 
 
 0.51 
 
 0.59 
 
 1.40 
 
 July... 
 
 1.06 
 
 0.70 
 
 0.59 
 
 1.10 
 
 1.40 
 
 0.99 
 
 0.72 
 
 1.18 
 
 1.39 
 
 
 1.20 
 
 0.85 
 
 0.65 
 
 0.77 
 
 1.10 
 
 0.66 
 
 0.75 
 
 0.67 
 
 1.15 
 
 September 
 
 1.20 
 
 0.84 
 
 0.78 
 
 1.04 
 
 1.14 
 
 0.64 
 
 0.69 
 
 0.72 
 
 0.96 
 
 October 
 
 0.99 
 
 0.66 
 
 0.85 
 
 1.02 
 
 1.12 
 
 0.47 
 
 0.22 
 
 0.45 
 
 0.91 
 
 November 
 
 0.75 
 
 0.65 
 
 0.68 
 
 1.21 
 
 1.47 
 
 0.49 
 
 0.43 
 
 0.43 
 
 0.42 
 
 December 
 
 1.29 
 
 1.10 
 
 1.02 
 
 0.86 
 
 0.72 
 
 0.42 
 
 0.22 
 
 0.19 
 
 0.18 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1.09 
 
 0.72 
 
 0.73 
 
 1.09 
 
 1.28 
 
 0.64 
 
 0.46 
 
 0.50 
 
 0.78 
 
 TABLE LVII. 
 
 RATIOS SHEWING THE COMPARATIVE DURATION OF EACH SEPARATE WIND W 
 
 TERMS OF THE ANNUAL MEANS 
 
 
 N. 
 
 N.N.E. 
 
 N.E. 
 
 E.N.E. 
 
 E. 
 
 E.S.E. 
 
 S.E. 
 
 S.S.E. 
 
 S. 
 
 
 1.06 
 
 1.03 
 
 1.31 
 
 0.66 
 
 0.59 
 
 0.69 
 
 0.50 
 
 0.42 
 
 0.32 
 
 February 
 
 1.14 
 
 1.18 
 
 1.00 
 
 0.62 
 
 0.75 
 
 0.58 
 
 0.44 
 
 0.56 
 
 0.48 
 
 March 
 
 0.62 
 
 0.46 
 
 0.46 
 
 1.00 
 
 0.79 
 
 0.69 
 
 1.00 
 
 0.48 
 
 0.60 
 
 April 
 
 1.18 
 
 1.34 
 
 1.14 
 
 1.28 
 
 1.34 
 
 1.39 
 
 1.05 
 
 1.03 
 
 0.97 
 
 May 
 
 1.20 
 
 0.70 
 
 0.97 
 
 1.74 
 
 1.63 
 
 1.61 
 
 1.24 
 
 1.13 
 
 1.38 
 
 June 
 
 0.84 
 
 0.61 
 
 0.90 
 
 1.22 
 
 1.45 
 
 1.31 
 
 1.12 
 
 1.17 
 
 1.82 
 
 July 
 
 0.97 
 
 0.98 
 
 0.80 
 
 1.00 
 
 1.09 
 
 1.55 
 
 1.58 
 
 2.34 
 
 1.78 
 
 
 1.10 
 
 1.18 
 
 0.88 
 
 0.70 
 
 0.86 
 
 1.03 
 
 1.65 
 
 1.33 
 
 1.49 
 
 September 
 
 1.10 
 
 1.17 
 
 1.06 
 
 0.95 
 
 0.89 
 
 1.00 
 
 1.51 
 
 1.43 
 
 1.23 
 
 October. 
 
 0.91 
 
 0.92 
 
 1.16 
 
 0.93 
 
 0.88 
 
 0.73 
 
 0.48 
 
 0.89 
 
 1.18 
 
 November 
 
 0.69 
 
 0.90 
 
 0.93 
 
 1.11 
 
 1.16 
 
 0.77 
 
 0.94 
 
 0.85 
 
 0.54 
 
 December. 
 
 1.18 
 
 1.53 
 
 1.39 
 
 0.79 
 
 0.56 
 
 0.66 
 
 0.48 
 
 0.38 
 
 0.23 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 125 
 
 TABLE LVI. 
 
 SEPARATE MONTH, BEING THE ABSOLUTE DURATIONS OP THE DIFFERENT WINDS 
 MONTHLY MEAN DURATION FOR ALL WINDS. 
 
 s.s.w. 
 
 S.W. 
 
 W.S.W. 
 
 W. 
 
 W.N.W. 
 
 N.W. 
 
 N.N.W. 
 
 Calms. 
 
 
 0.78 
 
 1.58 
 
 2.61 
 
 '1.78 
 
 1.00 
 
 1.18 
 
 1.38 
 
 1.23 
 
 January. 
 
 1.00 
 
 1.18 
 
 2.01 
 
 2.08 
 
 1.47 
 
 1.19 
 
 1.68 
 
 0.83 
 
 February. 
 
 0.90 
 
 1.39 
 
 1.27 
 
 1.81 
 
 2.27 
 
 2.05 
 
 1.44 
 
 0.80 
 
 March. 
 
 1.03 
 
 0.73 
 
 0.71 
 
 0.93 
 
 1.13 
 
 1.12 
 
 1.51 
 
 1.00 
 
 April. 
 
 1.30 
 
 0.70 
 
 0.36 
 
 0.49 
 
 0.79 
 
 0.97 
 
 1.69 
 
 0.96 
 
 May. 
 
 1.63 
 
 1.35 
 
 0.60 
 
 0.90 
 
 0.84 
 
 1.20 
 
 1.18 
 
 0.76 
 
 June. 
 
 1.61 
 
 0.72 
 
 0.46 
 
 0.53 
 
 0.86 
 
 1.00 
 
 1.48 
 
 1.22 
 
 July. 
 
 1.27 
 
 0.83 
 
 0.51 
 
 0.92 
 
 1.38 
 
 1.49 
 
 1.69 
 
 1.11 
 
 August. 
 
 1.50 
 
 0.98 
 
 0.65 
 
 0.78 
 
 1.05 
 
 1.12 
 
 1.35 
 
 1.66 
 
 September. 
 
 1.05 
 
 1.01 
 
 0.90 
 
 1.35 
 
 1.67 
 
 1.37 
 
 1.29 
 
 1.67 
 
 October. 
 
 0.86 
 
 1.50 
 
 2.08 
 
 1.78 
 
 1.34 
 
 1.01 
 
 1.03 
 
 0.89 
 
 November. 
 
 0.49 
 
 1.42 
 
 2.61 
 
 1.98 
 
 1.11 
 
 1.08 
 
 1.29 
 
 1.02 
 
 December. 
 
 1.12 
 
 1.12 
 
 1.23 
 
 1.28 
 
 1.24 J 1.23 
 
 1.41 
 
 1.09 
 
 
 TABLE LVII. 
 
 THE DIFFERENT MONTHS, BEING THE NUMBERS IN TABLE LVI. KXPRESSED IN 
 GIVEN AT THE FOOT OF EACH COLUMN. 
 
 S.S.W. 
 
 S.W. 
 
 W.S.W. 
 
 W. 
 
 W.N.W. 
 
 N.W. 
 
 N.N.W. 
 
 Calms. 
 
 
 0.70 
 
 1.42 
 
 2.12 
 
 1.39 
 
 0.81 
 
 0.96 
 
 0.98 
 
 1.13 
 
 January. 
 
 0.89 
 
 1.06 
 
 1.63 
 
 1.63 
 
 1.19 
 
 0.97 
 
 * 1.12 
 
 0.76 
 
 February. 
 
 0.80 
 
 1.25 
 
 1.03 
 
 1.41 
 
 1.83 
 
 1.67 
 
 1.02 
 
 0.73 
 
 March. 
 
 0.92 
 
 0.65 
 
 0.58 
 
 0.73 
 
 0.91 
 
 0.91 
 
 1.07 
 
 0.92 
 
 Apiil. 
 
 1.16 
 
 0.63 
 
 0.29 
 
 0.38 
 
 0.64 
 
 0.79 
 
 1.20 
 
 0.88 
 
 May. 
 
 1.46 
 
 1.21 
 
 0.49 
 
 0.70 
 
 0.68 
 
 Q.97 
 
 0.84 
 
 0.70 
 
 June. 
 
 1.44 
 
 0.64 
 
 0.37 
 
 0.41 
 
 0.69 
 
 0.81 
 
 1.05 
 
 1.20 
 
 July. 
 
 1.13 
 
 0.74 
 
 0.41 
 
 0.72 
 
 1.11 
 
 1.21 
 
 1.20 
 
 1.02 
 
 August. 
 
 1.34 
 
 0.88 
 
 0.53 
 
 0.61 
 
 0.85 
 
 0.91 
 
 0.96 
 
 1.43 
 
 September. 
 
 0.94 
 
 0.91 
 
 0.73 
 
 1.06 
 
 1.31 
 
 1.11 
 
 0.91 
 
 1.53 
 
 October. 
 
 0.77 
 
 1.34 
 
 1.69 
 
 1.39 
 
 1.08 
 
 0.82 
 
 0.73 
 
 0.82 
 
 November. 
 
 0.44 
 
 1.27 
 
 2.12 
 
 1.55 
 
 0.90 
 
 0.88 
 
 0.92 
 
 0.94 
 
 December. 
 
126 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLE LVIII. 
 
 RATIOS SHEWING THE COMPARATIVE DURATION OF DIFFERENT WINDS FOR EACH 
 
 IN TERMS OF THE MEAN DURATION 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical 
 time. 
 
 BT. 
 
 N.N.E. 
 
 N.E. 
 
 E.N.E. 
 
 E. 
 
 E.S.E. 
 
 S.E. 
 
 S.S.E. 
 
 S. 
 
 
 
 0.61 
 
 0.33 
 
 0.43 
 
 0.86 
 
 1.61 
 
 1 02 
 
 0.78 
 
 0.96 
 
 1.65 
 
 1 
 
 65 
 
 0.28 
 
 0.44 
 
 0.93 
 
 1.54 
 
 1.04 
 
 0.80 
 
 0.99 
 
 1.65 
 
 2 
 
 0.50 
 
 0.29 
 
 43 
 
 0.86 
 
 1.78 
 
 1.05 
 
 0.70 
 
 0.94 
 
 1.62 
 
 3 
 
 0.54 
 
 0.28 
 
 0.39 
 
 0.96 
 
 1.76 
 
 1.12 
 
 0.69 
 
 0.96 
 
 1.31 
 
 4 
 
 0.61 
 
 0.31 
 
 0.45 
 
 1.01 
 
 1.84 
 
 1.00 
 
 0.71 
 
 0.81 
 
 1.16 
 
 6 
 
 0.74 
 
 0.34 
 
 0.53 
 
 1.14 
 
 1.72 
 
 0.86 
 
 0.54 
 
 0.75 
 
 1.00 
 
 6 
 
 0.70 
 
 0.40 
 
 0.59 
 
 1.30 
 
 1.58 
 
 0.67 
 
 0.46 
 
 0.66 
 
 0.97 
 
 7 
 
 0.83 
 
 0.44 
 
 0.68 
 
 1.32 
 
 1.38 
 
 0.71 
 
 0.38 
 
 0.51 
 
 0.71 
 
 8 
 
 0.94 
 
 0.53 
 
 0.66 
 
 1.24 
 
 1.30 
 
 0.51 
 
 0.46 
 
 0.39 
 
 0.54 
 
 9 
 
 1.08 
 
 0.68 
 
 0.73 
 
 1.22 
 
 1.18 
 
 0.46 
 
 0.33 
 
 0.41 
 
 0.44 
 
 10 
 
 1.27 
 
 0.80 
 
 0.77 
 
 1.22 
 
 1.04 
 
 0.43 
 
 0.37 
 
 0.35 
 
 0.40 
 
 11 
 
 1.46 
 
 0.88 
 
 0.85 
 
 1.00 
 
 1.05 
 
 0.41 
 
 0.38 
 
 0.31 
 
 0.39 
 
 12 
 
 1.59 
 
 0.97 
 
 0.86 
 
 1.08 
 
 0.88 
 
 0.41 
 
 0.31 
 
 0.25 
 
 0.37 
 
 13 
 
 1.54 
 
 1.14 
 
 0.98 
 
 1.01 
 
 0.79 
 
 0.35 
 
 0.31 
 
 0.25 
 
 39 
 
 14 
 
 1.62 
 
 1.26 
 
 1.02 
 
 0.98 
 
 0.84 
 
 0.35 
 
 0.27 
 
 0.23 
 
 0.37 
 
 15 
 
 1.72 
 
 1.24 
 
 0.97 
 
 1.01 
 
 0.82 
 
 0.34 
 
 0.27 
 
 0.21 
 
 0.42 
 
 16 
 
 1.66 
 
 1.18 
 
 0.98 
 
 1.12 
 
 0.76 
 
 0.33 
 
 0.21 
 
 0.27 
 
 0.35 
 
 17 
 
 1.62 
 
 1.18 
 
 1.03 
 
 1.16 
 
 0.77 
 
 0.34 
 
 0.19 
 
 0.33 
 
 0.37 
 
 18 
 
 1.54 
 
 1.17 
 
 1.07 
 
 1.13 
 
 0.86 
 
 0.33 
 
 0.24 
 
 0.29 
 
 0.39 
 
 19 
 
 1.46 
 
 1.07 
 
 1.02 
 
 1.18 
 
 1.07 
 
 35 
 
 0.27 
 
 0.24 
 
 0.41 
 
 20 
 
 1.19 
 
 0.86 
 
 0.92 
 
 1.34 
 
 1 36 
 
 0.54 
 
 0.35 
 
 0.27 
 
 44 
 
 21 
 
 0.96 
 
 0.64 
 
 0.84 
 
 1.18 
 
 1.55 
 
 0.75 
 
 0,46 
 
 37 
 
 0.66 
 
 22 
 
 0.79 
 
 0.53 
 
 0.53 
 
 1.04 
 
 1.57 
 
 0.93 
 
 0.70 
 
 0.62 
 
 1.12 
 
 23 
 
 0.62 
 
 0.43 
 
 0.44 
 
 0.96 
 
 1.52 
 
 1.06 
 
 0.80 
 
 0.78 
 
 1.52 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 TABLE LVIII. 
 
 SEPARATE HOUR, BEING THE ABSOLUTE DURATIONS FOR THE HOUR EXPRESSED 
 OF ALL WINDS FOR THE SAME HOUR. 
 
 127 
 
 S.S.W. 
 
 S.W. 
 
 w.s.w. 
 
 W. 
 
 W.N.W. 
 
 N.W. 
 
 N.N.W. 
 
 Calms. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical 
 time. 
 
 1.82 
 
 1.16 
 
 1.05 
 
 1.23 
 
 1.14 
 
 1.10 
 
 1.00 
 
 0.25 
 
 
 
 1.87 
 
 1.16 
 
 1 12 
 
 1.19 
 
 1.12 
 
 1.14 
 
 0.96 
 
 0.22 
 
 1 
 
 , 1.91 
 
 1.04 
 
 1.16 
 
 1.23 
 
 1.08 
 
 1.04 
 
 1.08 
 
 0.27 
 
 2 
 
 1.83 
 
 1.11 
 
 1.12 
 
 1.23 
 
 1.08 
 
 1.05 
 
 1.22 
 
 0.36 
 
 3 
 
 1.57 
 
 1.21 
 
 1.09 
 
 1.22 
 
 1.06 
 
 1.12 
 
 1.27 
 
 0.55 
 
 4 
 
 1.48 
 
 1.30 
 
 1.11 
 
 1.13 
 
 1.20 
 
 1.04 
 
 1.28 
 
 0.86 
 
 5 
 
 1.24 
 
 1.34 
 
 1.20 
 
 1 13 
 
 1.13 
 
 1.29 
 
 1.35 
 
 0.99 
 
 6 
 
 1.11 
 
 1.37 
 
 1.28 
 
 1.10 
 
 1.31 
 
 1.21 
 
 1.55 
 
 1.11 
 
 7 
 
 0.70 
 
 1.36 
 
 1.34 
 
 1.29 
 
 1.25 
 
 1.22 
 
 1.66 
 
 1.46 
 
 8 
 
 0.77 
 
 1.06 
 
 1.35 
 
 1.29 
 
 1.31 
 
 1.31 
 
 1.69 
 
 1.68 
 
 9 
 
 0.68 
 
 1.00 
 
 1.34 
 
 1.46 
 
 1.28 
 
 1.24 
 
 1.67 
 
 1.67 
 
 10 
 
 0.74 
 
 0.94 
 
 1.38 
 
 1.40 
 
 1.22 
 
 1.30 
 
 1.66 
 
 1.63 
 
 11 
 
 0.68 
 
 0.95 
 
 1.34 
 
 1.34 
 
 1.26 
 
 1.29 
 
 1.59 
 
 1.82 
 
 12 
 
 0.65 
 
 0.90 
 
 1.40 
 
 1.30 
 
 1.22 
 
 1.35 
 
 1.61 
 
 1.80 
 
 13 
 
 0.74 
 
 0.90 
 
 1.38 
 
 1.24 
 
 1.35 
 
 1.44 
 
 1.52 
 
 1.49 
 
 14 
 
 0.68 
 
 0.95 
 
 1.26 
 
 1.23 
 
 1.38 
 
 1.35 
 
 1.62 
 
 1.52 
 
 15 
 
 0.67 
 
 0.99 
 
 1.22 
 
 1.28 
 
 1.48 
 
 1.28 
 
 1.65 
 
 1.56 
 
 16 
 
 0.65 
 
 0.92 
 
 1.22 
 
 1.33 
 
 1.38 
 
 1.33 
 
 1.70 
 
 1.47 
 
 17 
 
 0.69 
 
 1.05 
 
 1.14 
 
 1.22 
 
 1.38 
 
 1.31 
 
 1.60 
 
 1.60 
 
 18 
 
 0.75 
 
 1.08 
 
 1.22 
 
 1.34 
 
 1.32 
 
 1.25 
 
 1.48 
 
 1.49 
 
 19 
 
 0.96 
 
 1 25 
 
 1.26 
 
 1.42 
 
 1.24 
 
 1.25 
 
 1.40 
 
 0.96 
 
 20 
 
 1.28 
 
 1.29 
 
 1.26 
 
 1.40 
 
 1.28 
 
 1.31 
 
 1.12 
 
 0.64 
 
 21 
 
 1.55 
 
 1.22 
 
 1.21 
 
 1.29 
 
 1.20 
 
 1.24 
 
 1.06 
 
 0.41 
 
 -22 
 
 1.69 
 
 1.17 
 
 1.05 
 
 1.26 
 
 1.12 
 
 1.14 
 
 1 06 
 
 0.39 
 
 23 
 
128 
 
 TOEONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLE LIX. 
 
 RATIOS SHEWING THE COMPARATIVE DURATION OF EACH SEPARATE WIND 
 
 EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF THE MEAN DDRA- 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical 
 time. 
 
 N. 
 
 N.N.E. 
 
 N.E. 
 
 E.N.E. 
 
 E. 
 
 E.S.E. 
 
 S.E. 
 
 S.S.E. 
 
 S. 
 
 
 
 0.56 
 
 0.46 
 
 0.59 
 
 0.79 
 
 1.26 
 
 1.59 
 
 1.71 
 
 1 90 
 
 2 12 
 
 1 
 
 0.51 
 
 39 
 
 0.61 
 
 0.85 
 
 1.21 
 
 1.62 
 
 1.75 
 
 1.96 
 
 2.12 
 
 2 
 
 0.46 
 
 0.40 
 
 0.59 
 
 0.79 
 
 1 40 
 
 1.64 
 
 1 53 
 
 1.86 
 
 2 08 
 
 3 
 
 50 
 
 0.39 
 
 0.53 
 
 0.88 
 
 1.38 
 
 1.76 
 
 1 51 
 
 1.90 
 
 1.70 
 
 4 
 
 0.56 
 
 0.43 
 
 0.61 
 
 0.92 
 
 1.44 
 
 1.56 
 
 1.55 
 
 1.60 
 
 1.49 
 
 5 
 
 0.68 
 
 0.47 
 
 0.72 
 
 1.04 
 
 1.34 
 
 1.34 
 
 1.18 
 
 1.48 
 
 1.29 
 
 6 
 
 0.64 
 
 0.56 
 
 0.80 
 
 1.19 
 
 1.24 
 
 1.06 
 
 1.01 
 
 1.30 
 
 1.25 
 
 7 
 
 0.76 
 
 0.61 
 
 0.93 
 
 1.21 
 
 1.08 
 
 1.11 
 
 0.83 
 
 1.01 
 
 0.91 
 
 8 
 
 0.86 
 
 0.74 
 
 0.90 
 
 1.13 
 
 1.02 
 
 80 
 
 1.01 
 
 0.77 
 
 0.69 
 
 9 
 
 99 
 
 94 
 
 0.99 
 
 1.12 
 
 0.96 
 
 0.72 
 
 0.72 
 
 0.81 
 
 0.67 
 
 10 
 
 1.17 
 
 1.11 
 
 1.05 
 
 1.12 
 
 0.82 
 
 0.67 
 
 0.80 
 
 0.69 
 
 51 
 
 11 
 
 1.34 
 
 1.23 
 
 1 16 
 
 0.91 
 
 0.82 
 
 0.64 
 
 0.83 
 
 0.61 
 
 0.60 
 
 12 
 
 1.46 
 
 1.35 
 
 1.17 
 
 0.99 
 
 0.69 
 
 0.64 
 
 0.67 
 
 0.49 
 
 0.48 
 
 13 
 
 1.41 
 
 1.69 
 
 1.34 
 
 0.92 
 
 0.62 
 
 0.65 
 
 0.67 
 
 49 
 
 0.50 
 
 14 
 
 1.49 
 
 1 75 
 
 1.39 
 
 0.90 
 
 66 
 
 0.65 
 
 0.59 
 
 0.45 
 
 0.48 
 
 15 
 
 1.58 
 
 1.73 
 
 1.32 
 
 0.92 
 
 60 
 
 0.53 
 
 0.59 
 
 0.41 
 
 0.64 
 
 16 
 
 1.52 
 
 1.64 
 
 1.34 
 
 1.02 
 
 0.60 
 
 0.52 
 
 0.46 
 
 0.53 
 
 0.44 
 
 17 
 
 1.49 
 
 1.64 
 
 1.40 
 
 1.06 
 
 0.60 
 
 0.63 
 
 0.41 
 
 0.65 
 
 0.47 
 
 18 
 
 1.41 
 
 1.63 
 
 1.46 
 
 1.03 
 
 0.68 
 
 0.61 
 
 0.52 
 
 0.57 
 
 0.60 
 
 19 
 
 1 34 
 
 1.49 
 
 1.39 
 
 1.08 
 
 0.84 
 
 0.65 
 
 0.59 
 
 0.47 
 
 0.53 
 
 90 
 
 1.09 
 
 1.20 
 
 1.25 
 
 1.23 
 
 1.07 
 
 84 
 
 77 
 
 0.53 
 
 0.67 
 
 21 
 
 0.88 
 
 0.89 
 
 1.14 
 
 1.08 
 
 1.22 
 
 1.17 
 
 1.01 
 
 0.73 
 
 0.85 
 
 22 
 
 0.73 
 
 0.74 
 
 0.72 
 
 0.95 
 
 1.23 
 
 1.46 
 
 1.53 
 
 
 
 1 23 
 
 1.44 
 
 23 
 
 0.57 
 
 0.60 
 
 0.61 
 
 0.88 
 
 1.19 
 
 1.66 
 
 1.75 
 
 1.54 
 
 1.96 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 TABLE LIX. 
 
 IN THE DIFFERENT HOURS, BEING THE ABSOLUTE DURATIONS AT THE HOUR 
 TION OF THE SAME WIND FOR ALL HOURS. 
 
 129 
 
 S.S.W. 
 
 S.W. 
 
 W.S.W. 
 
 W. 
 
 W.N.W. 
 
 N.W. 
 
 N.N.W. 
 
 Ca'ms. 
 
 Toronto 
 Astronomical 
 time. 
 
 1.62 
 
 1.04 
 
 0.85 
 
 0.97 
 
 0.92 
 
 0.89 
 
 0.71 
 
 0.23 
 
 
 
 1.67 
 
 1.04 
 
 0.91 
 
 0.94 
 
 0.90 
 
 0.93 
 
 0.68 
 
 0.20 
 
 1 
 
 1.70 
 
 93 
 
 0.95 
 
 0.97 
 
 0.87 
 
 0.85 
 
 0.77 
 
 0.25 
 
 2 
 
 1.63 
 
 1.00 
 
 0.91 
 
 0.97 
 
 0,87 
 
 0.85 
 
 0.87 
 
 0.33 
 
 3 
 
 1.40 
 
 1.09 
 
 0.89 
 
 0.96 
 
 0.85 
 
 0.91 
 
 0.90 
 
 0.50 
 
 4 
 
 1.32 
 
 1.17 
 
 0.90 
 
 0.89 
 
 0.97 
 
 0.85 
 
 0.91 
 
 0.79 
 
 5 
 
 1.11 
 
 1.20 
 
 0.98 
 
 0.89 
 
 0.91 
 
 1.04 
 
 0.96 
 
 0.90 
 
 6 
 
 0.99 
 
 1.23 
 
 1.04 
 
 0.87 
 
 1.06 
 
 0.98 
 
 1.10 
 
 1.02 
 
 7 
 
 0.78 
 
 1.22 
 
 1.09 
 
 1.02 
 
 1.01 
 
 0.99 
 
 1.18 
 
 1.34 
 
 8 
 
 0.69 
 
 0.95 
 
 1.10 
 
 1.02 
 
 1.05 
 
 1.06 
 
 1.20 
 
 1.54 
 
 9 
 
 0.61 
 
 0.90 
 
 1.09 
 
 1.18 
 
 1.03 
 
 1.01 
 
 1.19 
 
 1.53 
 
 10 
 
 0.66 
 
 0.84 
 
 1.12 
 
 1.06 
 
 0.98 
 
 1.06 
 
 1.18 
 
 1.49 
 
 11 
 
 0.61 
 
 0.85 
 
 1.09 
 
 1.03 
 
 1.01 
 
 1.04 
 
 1.13 
 
 1.67 
 
 12 
 
 0.68 
 
 0.81 
 
 1.14 
 
 0.98 
 
 0.98 
 
 1.09 
 
 1.14 
 
 1.65 
 
 13 
 
 0.66 
 
 0.81 
 
 1.12 
 
 0.97 
 
 1.09 
 
 1.17 
 
 1.08 
 
 1.36 
 
 14 
 
 0.61 
 
 0.85 
 
 1.03 
 
 0.97 
 
 1.11 
 
 1.09 
 
 1.15 
 
 1.39 
 
 15 
 
 0.60 
 0.68 
 
 0.89 
 0.83 
 
 0.99 
 0.99 
 
 1.01 
 1.05 
 
 1.19 
 1.11 
 
 1.04 
 1.08 
 
 1.17 
 
 1.20 
 
 1.43 
 1.35 
 
 16 
 17 
 
 62 
 
 0.94 
 
 0.93 
 
 0.96 
 
 1.11 
 
 1.06 
 
 1.13 
 
 1.47 
 
 18 
 
 0.67 
 
 0.97 
 
 0.99 
 
 1.06 
 
 1.07 
 
 1.01 
 
 1.05 
 
 1.37 
 
 19 
 
 0.86 
 
 1.12 
 
 1.03 
 
 1.12 
 
 1.00 
 
 1.01 
 
 0.99 
 
 0.88 
 
 20 
 
 l.U 
 
 1.16 
 
 1.03 
 
 1.10 
 
 1.03 
 
 1.06 
 
 0.80 
 
 0.59 
 
 21 
 
 1.38 
 
 1.10 
 
 0.98 
 
 1.02 
 
 0.97 
 
 1.01 
 
 0.75 
 
 0.38 
 
 22 
 
 1 51 
 
 1 05 
 
 0.85 
 
 1.00 
 
 0.90 
 
 0.93 
 
 0.75 
 
 0.36 
 
 23 
 
 16 
 
130 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLE LX. 
 
 THE NUMBER OF DAYS IN WHICH RAIN FELL, ITS APPROXIMATE DURATION IN HOURS, AND DEPTH IN 
 INCHES, FOR EACH MONTH OF THE YEARS 18641859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 NUMBER OF DAYS. 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September. 
 
 October. 
 
 Norember. 
 
 December. 
 
 Tear. 
 
 1864 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 13 
 
 5 
 
 114 
 
 1855 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 17 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 103 
 
 1856 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 13 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 99 
 
 1867 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 21 
 
 16 
 
 13 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 
 7 
 
 134 
 
 1868 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 17 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 17 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 131 
 
 1869 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 11 
 
 16 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 127 
 
 M,:i-. :! 
 
 the Six 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 16 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 118 
 
 Tern. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mean of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 | Fifteen 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 6 106 
 
 Years. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 APPROXIMATE DURATION IN HOURS. 
 
 1864 
 
 39- 
 
 26 
 
 63 
 
 42 
 
 40 
 
 26 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 
 60 
 
 46 
 
 34 
 
 19 
 
 417 
 
 1856 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 23 
 
 31 
 
 75 
 
 37 
 
 8 
 
 44 
 
 47 
 
 57 
 
 29 
 
 401 
 
 1856 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 63 
 
 89 
 
 28 
 
 10 
 
 24 
 
 55 
 
 28 
 
 42 
 
 26 
 
 365 
 
 1857 
 
 6 
 
 73 
 
 11 
 
 40 
 
 96 
 
 66 
 
 43 
 
 67 
 
 32 
 
 42 
 
 74 
 
 64 
 
 613 
 
 1858 
 
 33 
 
 1 
 
 31 
 
 81 
 
 104 
 
 47 
 
 31 
 
 56 
 
 22 
 
 49 
 
 85 
 
 44 
 
 584 
 
 1859 
 
 39 
 
 17 
 
 76 
 
 37 
 
 61 
 
 39 
 
 4O 
 
 41 
 
 36 
 
 26 
 
 94 
 
 28 
 
 514 
 
 Mean of 
 
 i',. v x 
 
 21 
 
 ' 
 
 33 
 
 48 
 
 68 
 
 45 
 
 32 
 
 34 
 
 40 
 
 39 
 
 64 
 
 35 
 
 482 
 
 Yean. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DEPTH IN INCHES. 
 
 1864 
 
 1.270 
 
 1.460 
 
 2 425 
 
 2 685 
 
 4 630 
 
 1 460 
 
 4.805 
 
 0.456 
 
 5.376 
 
 1.496 
 
 1.116 
 
 0.590 
 
 27.765 
 
 1856 
 
 0.625 
 
 1.770 
 
 1.485 
 
 2.030 
 
 2 565 
 
 4.070 
 
 3.245 
 
 1 455 
 
 5 585 
 
 2.485 
 
 4.590 
 
 1.845 
 
 31.650 
 
 I860 
 
 0.000 
 
 0.000 
 
 000 
 
 2 780 
 
 4 580 
 
 3.200 
 
 1.120 
 
 1.680 
 
 4 105 
 
 0.875 
 
 1.375 
 
 1.790 
 
 21.506 
 
 1857 
 
 * 
 
 3.050 
 
 336 
 
 1.755 
 
 4 145 
 
 6.000 
 
 3.476 
 
 5.265 
 
 2 040 
 
 1.040 
 
 3.235 
 
 3.205 
 
 33.205 
 
 1868 
 
 1 152 
 
 * 
 
 0.917 
 
 1 642 
 
 6.367 
 
 2.943 
 
 3.072 
 
 3.890 
 
 0.736 
 
 1.797 
 
 3.879 
 
 1.657 
 
 28.051 
 
 1869 
 
 1.449 
 
 0.455 
 
 4.064 
 
 2.527 
 
 3 410 
 
 4 086 
 
 2 611 
 
 3.990 
 
 3.525 
 
 0.940 
 
 5.193 
 
 1.035 
 
 33.274 
 
 Mean of 
 
 ,,- -;x 
 
 0.733 
 
 1.123 
 
 1.536 
 
 3.235 
 
 4.283 
 
 3.470 
 
 3.066 
 
 2.789 
 
 3.661 
 
 1.439 
 
 3.231 
 
 1.687 29.242 
 
 Year*. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ItaBtf 
 
 Fifteen 
 
 1.293 
 
 0.963 
 
 1.406 
 
 2.434 
 
 3.637 
 
 2.969 
 
 3.222 
 
 2.820 
 
 4.050 
 
 2.662 
 
 3.266 
 
 1.536 29.867 
 
 Year.. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 '' 
 
 In Tables LX to LXII, the sign denotei that the amount of Rain or Sow WM too small for measurement, and the sign f that 
 in duration wai leu than half an boor. 
 
TOB01CTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 131 
 
 TABLE LXI. 
 
 THE NUMBER OF DAYS IN WHICH SNOW FELL, ITS APPROXIMATE DURATION IN HOURS, AND DEPTH IN INCHES, 
 FOR EACH MONTH OF THE YEARS 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 NUMBER OF DAYS. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Tear. 
 
 1854 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 52 
 
 1855 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 64 
 
 1856 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 20 
 
 69 
 
 1857 
 
 16 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 14 
 
 79 
 
 1858- 
 
 11 
 
 16 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 13 
 
 18 
 
 67 
 
 1859 
 
 19 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 23 
 
 87 
 
 Mean of 
 the six 
 
 14 
 
 13 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 16 
 
 69 
 
 years. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mean of 
 fifteen 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 13 
 
 57 
 
 years. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 APPROXIMATE DURATION IN HOURS. 
 
 1854 
 
 42 
 
 61 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 17 
 
 63 
 
 202 
 
 1855 
 
 70 
 
 98 
 
 44 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 55 
 
 303 
 
 1856 
 
 88 
 
 51 
 
 75 
 
 3 
 
 t 
 
 
 
 ... 
 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 62 
 
 311 
 
 1857 
 
 88 
 
 34 
 
 49 
 
 42 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 46 
 
 52 
 
 323 
 
 1858 
 
 45 
 
 96 
 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 48 
 
 74 
 
 277 
 
 1859 
 
 90 
 
 67 
 
 13 
 
 21 
 
 
 "2 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 13 
 
 163 
 
 379 
 
 Mean of 
 the six 
 
 71 
 
 68 
 
 34 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 28 
 
 78 
 
 299 
 
 years. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DEPTH IN INCHES. 
 
 1854 
 
 7.5 
 
 18.0 
 
 2.8 
 
 2.7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 1.3 
 
 17.2 
 
 49.5 
 
 1855 
 
 23.3 
 
 21.8 
 
 18.1 
 
 1.6 
 
 0.9 
 
 ... 
 
 
 
 
 0.8 
 
 3.0 
 
 29.6 
 
 99.0 
 
 1856 
 
 13 6 
 
 9.7 
 
 16.2 
 
 0.1 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.1 
 
 9.5 
 
 16.3 
 
 65.5 
 
 1857 
 
 21.8 
 
 11.7 
 
 11.3 
 
 12.9 
 
 # 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.2 
 
 6.9 
 
 90 
 
 73.8 
 
 1858 
 
 4.0 
 
 26.7 
 
 0.2 
 
 0.1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 4.0 
 
 10.4 
 
 45.4 
 
 1859 
 
 16.4 
 
 8.3 
 
 1.0 
 
 12 
 
 ... 
 
 # 
 
 
 
 
 # 
 
 0.6 
 
 37.4 
 
 64.9 
 
 Mean of 
 the six 
 
 14.4 
 
 16.0 
 
 8.3 
 
 3.1 
 
 0.1 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.2 
 
 4.2 
 
 20.0 
 
 66.3 
 
 years. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 fifteen 
 
 12.1 
 
 17.7 
 
 9.4 
 
 2.6 
 
 0.1 
 
 > 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.3 
 
 2.7 
 
 16.6 
 
 61.5 
 
 years. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
132 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLE LXII. 
 
 NUMBER OF DAYS IN WHICH EITHER RAIN OR SNOW FELL, THEIR APPROXIMATE DURATION IN HOURS, AND 
 DEPTH IN INCHES, FOR EACH MONTH OF THE YEARS 1854 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE ; ONE INCH OF SNOW 
 BEING RECKONED AS EQUIVALENT TO ONE-TENTH OF AN INCH OF RAIN. 
 
 NUMBER OF DAYS. 
 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 August. 
 
 September. 
 
 October. 
 
 November. 
 
 December. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1854 
 
 18 
 
 20 
 
 12 
 
 16 
 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 14 
 
 18 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 
 166 
 
 1855. 
 
 18 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 17 
 
 13 
 
 IT 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 19 
 
 14 
 
 16 
 
 167 
 
 1856 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 16 
 
 15 
 
 13 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 19 
 
 26 
 
 168 
 
 1857 
 
 19 
 
 22 
 
 19 
 
 21 
 
 16 
 
 21 
 
 15 
 
 13 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 23 
 
 21 ' 
 
 213 
 
 1858 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 
 16 
 
 15 
 
 17 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 18 
 
 25 
 
 29 
 
 198 
 
 1859' 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 23 
 
 17 
 
 11 
 
 18 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 21 
 
 26 
 
 214 
 
 Mean of 
 
 til.- MI 
 
 18 
 
 17 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 13 
 
 15 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 16 
 
 20 
 
 22 
 
 187 
 
 yearn. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mean of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 nfteeu 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 15 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 14 
 
 17 
 
 19 
 
 163 
 
 years. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 APPROXIMATE DURATION IN HOURS. 
 
 1854 
 
 81 
 
 86 
 
 73 
 
 51 
 
 40 
 
 26 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 
 50 
 
 45 
 
 51 
 
 82 
 
 619 
 
 1855 
 
 80 
 
 118 
 
 64 
 
 31 
 
 38 
 
 75 
 
 37 
 
 8 
 
 44 
 
 57 
 
 68 
 
 84 
 
 704 
 
 1856 
 
 88 
 
 61 
 
 75 
 
 66 
 
 89 
 
 38 
 
 10 
 
 24 
 
 55 
 
 30 
 
 72 
 
 88 
 
 (ITU 
 
 1857 
 
 94 
 
 107 
 
 60 
 
 82 
 
 96 
 
 66 
 
 43 
 
 67 
 
 32 
 
 53 
 
 i-M 
 
 116 
 
 936 
 
 1868 
 
 78 
 
 97 
 
 42 
 
 84 
 
 104 
 
 47 
 
 31 
 
 56 
 
 22 
 
 49 
 
 133 
 
 118 
 
 8G1 
 
 1859 
 
 135 
 
 84 
 
 89 
 
 58 
 
 51 
 
 31 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 36 
 
 30 
 
 107 
 
 191 
 
 893 
 
 Mfii of 
 
 111.- six 
 
 93 
 
 90 
 
 67 
 
 62 
 
 70 . 
 
 45 
 
 32 
 
 34 
 
 40 
 
 44 
 
 92 
 
 113 
 
 782 
 
 yr. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DEPTH IN INCHES. 
 
 l-s.-,4 
 
 2 020 
 
 3.260 
 
 2.706 
 
 2 955 
 
 4 630 
 
 1.460 
 
 4.805 
 
 0.455 
 
 5.375 
 
 1.495 
 
 1 245 
 
 2.310 
 
 32 715 
 
 1855 
 
 2.866 
 
 3.950 
 
 3.295 
 
 2.190 
 
 2.655 
 
 4.070 
 
 3.245 
 
 1.455 
 
 5.585 
 
 2.565 
 
 4.890 
 
 4.795 
 
 41 560 
 
 1856 
 
 1.360 
 
 970 
 
 1 620 
 
 2.790 
 
 4.580 
 
 3.200 
 
 1.120 
 
 1.680 
 
 4.105 885 
 
 2 325 
 
 3.420 
 
 28.055 
 
 1857 
 
 2.180 
 
 4.220 
 
 1 465 
 
 3.045 
 
 4 146 
 
 5.060 
 
 3.475 
 
 5.266 
 
 2.640 
 
 1 060 
 
 3.925 
 
 4.105 
 
 40.585 
 
 IBM 
 
 1 652 
 
 2.670 
 
 937 
 
 1.652 
 
 6 367 
 
 2.943 
 
 3.072 
 
 3 890 
 
 0.736 
 
 1.7!7 
 
 4.279 
 
 2.6!)7 
 
 32.591 
 
 1800 
 
 3.089 
 
 1.285 
 
 4.154 
 
 2.647 
 
 3.410 
 
 4.085 
 
 2.611 
 
 3.990 
 
 3.525 
 
 940 
 
 6.253 
 
 4.775 
 
 :s'.i. 71; f 
 
 Mean of 
 the i 
 
 2.176 
 
 2 726 
 
 2.363 
 
 2.546 
 
 4.298 
 
 3.470 
 
 3.065 
 
 2.789 
 
 3.661 
 
 1 457 
 
 3.653 
 
 3.684 
 
 35.877 
 
 yew*. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "ar/i 2.503 
 
 2.723 
 
 2.345 
 
 2.694 
 
 3.367 
 
 2.969 
 
 3.222 
 
 2.820 
 
 4.050 
 
 2.692 
 
 3.636 
 
 3; 196 
 
 36.017 
 
 *" 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 133 
 
 TABLE LXIII. 
 
 COMPARATIVE DURATION OP THE SEVERAL WINDS DURING THE DAYS IN ANY PART OF WHICH RAIN OR 
 SNOW FELL, FROM OBSERVATIONS IN THE YEARS 1853 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 
 Absolute duration of the several winds 
 in hours. 
 
 Relative duration of each wind 
 on days of precipitation, as 
 compared with its duration on 
 all days. 
 
 Ratios of the numbers in (5) (6) 
 and (7) to their respective 
 means for all winds. 
 
 During days 
 of Rain. 
 
 0) 
 
 During days 
 of Suow. 
 
 (2) 
 
 During days 
 of Rain or 
 Soow. 
 
 (S) 
 
 During days 
 with and 
 without 
 Rain or 
 Snow. 
 (4) 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Ratio of 
 (l)to(4). 
 
 (5) 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Ratio of 
 (2) to <4). 
 
 (6) 
 
 Rain or 
 Snow. 
 Ratio 
 
 of(3)to(4). 
 
 (7) 
 
 RAIN. 
 
 (8) 
 
 SONW. 
 
 (9) 
 
 RAIN OK 
 Snow. 
 
 (10) 
 
 N. 
 
 969 
 
 909 
 
 1758 
 
 3908 
 
 248 
 
 233 
 
 0.450 
 
 0.72 
 
 1 21 
 
 0.90 
 
 N.N.E. 
 
 687 
 
 705 
 
 1286 
 
 2579 
 
 .266 
 
 .273 
 
 .499 
 
 0.77 
 
 1.41 
 
 1 00 
 
 N.E. 
 
 961 
 
 766 
 
 1566 
 
 2635 
 
 .365 
 
 .291 
 
 .594 
 
 1.06 
 
 1.61 
 
 1.19 
 
 E.N.E. 
 
 2142 
 
 533 
 
 2501 
 
 3929 
 
 .545 
 
 .136 
 
 .637 
 
 1.58 
 
 0.70 
 
 1.27 
 
 E. 
 
 2375 
 
 526 
 
 2656 
 
 4572 
 
 .519 
 
 .115 
 
 .581 
 
 1.50 
 
 0.60 
 
 1 16 
 
 E.S.E. 
 
 977 
 
 330 
 
 1190 
 
 2298 
 
 .425 
 
 .144 
 
 .518 
 
 1 23 
 
 0.75 
 
 1.04 
 
 S.E. 
 
 606 
 
 212 
 
 743 
 
 1647 
 
 .368 
 
 .129 
 
 .451 
 
 1.07 
 
 0.67 
 
 0.90 
 
 S.S.EL___ 
 
 681 
 
 
 
 165 
 
 781 
 
 1818 
 
 .375 
 
 .091 
 
 .430 
 
 1.09 
 
 0.47 
 
 0.86 
 
 S. 
 
 965 
 
 239 
 
 1152 
 
 2795 
 
 .345 
 
 .086 
 
 .412 
 
 1.00 
 
 45 
 
 0.82 
 
 S.S.W. 
 
 1538 
 
 350 
 
 1838 
 
 4021 
 
 .382 
 
 .087 
 
 .467 
 
 1.11 
 
 45 
 
 0.91 
 
 S.W. 
 
 1421 
 
 800 
 
 2120 
 
 4000 
 
 .355 
 
 .200 
 
 .530 
 
 1.03 
 
 1.04 
 
 1.06 
 
 w.s.w. 
 
 1297 
 
 1372 
 
 2430 
 
 4415 
 
 .294 
 
 .311 
 
 .550 
 
 0.85 
 
 1.61 
 
 1.10 
 
 w. 
 
 1249 
 
 1509 
 
 2578 
 
 4571 
 
 .273 
 
 .330 
 
 .564 
 
 0.79 
 
 1.71 
 
 1.13 
 
 W.N.W. 
 
 1157 
 
 1161 
 
 2150 
 
 4455 
 
 .260 
 
 .261 
 
 .483 
 
 0.76 
 
 1.35 
 
 0.97 
 
 isr.w. 
 
 1160 
 
 1000 
 
 2005 
 
 4426 
 
 .262 
 
 .226 
 
 .453 
 
 76 
 
 1.17 
 
 91' 
 
 N.N.W. 
 
 1258 
 
 1223 
 
 2317 
 
 5061 
 
 .249 
 
 .241 
 
 .458 
 
 0.72 
 
 1.25 
 
 0.92 
 
 Calms. 
 
 1283"; 
 
 504 
 
 1703 
 
 3921 
 
 .327 
 
 .129 
 
 .434 
 
 0.95 
 
 0.67 
 
 0.87 
 
134 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLE LXIV. 
 
 COMPARATIVE DURATION OF THE SEVERAL WINDS DURING THE HOURS IN ANY PART OP WHICH RAIN OR 
 SNOW FELL, FROM OBSERVATIONS IN THE YEARS 1867 TO 1859, INCLUSIVE. 
 
 
 Absolute duration of the several 
 winds expressed in hours. 
 
 Relative duration of 
 each wind during the 
 hours in which rain or 
 snow fell, as compared 
 with its duration on 
 all days. 
 
 Ratios of the numbers 
 in (5) (6; and (7) to 
 their respective means 
 for all winds. 
 
 Ratios from Table 
 LXIII corresponding 
 to those in columns 
 (8) (9) and (10) of Table 
 LXIV. 
 
 During 
 Bain. 
 0) 
 
 During 
 Snow. 
 (*) 
 
 During 
 
 U.-tin or 
 Snow. 
 
 (S) 
 
 With and 
 without 
 Rain or 
 Snow. 
 
 (4) 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Ratio of 
 (1) to (4) 
 
 (5) 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Ratio of 
 (2) to (4) 
 
 (6) 
 
 Rain or 
 Snow. 
 Ratio of 
 0) to (4) 
 
 (7) 
 
 Rain. 
 (8) 
 
 Snow. 
 () 
 
 Rain or 
 Snow. 
 
 (10) 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Rain or 
 Snow. 
 
 N. 
 
 92 
 
 105 
 
 195 
 
 1489 
 
 0.062 
 
 0.071 
 
 0.131 
 
 0.68 
 
 1.24 
 
 0.81 
 
 0.72 
 
 1.21 
 
 0.90 
 
 N.N.E. 
 
 118 
 
 100 
 
 217 
 
 770 
 
 .153 
 
 .130 
 
 .282 
 
 1.68 
 
 2.27 
 
 1.91 
 
 77 
 
 1.41 
 
 1.00 
 
 N.E. 
 
 102 
 
 143 
 
 245 
 
 1022 
 
 .100 
 
 .140 
 
 240 
 
 1.10 
 
 2.45 
 
 1.63 
 
 1 06 
 
 1.51 
 
 1.19 
 
 E.N.E. 
 
 471 
 
 139 
 
 604 
 
 2149 
 
 .219 
 
 .065 
 
 .281 
 
 2 41 
 
 1.14 
 
 1.91 
 
 1.58 
 
 0.70 
 
 1.27 
 
 E. 
 
 288 
 
 82 
 
 364 
 
 2192 
 
 .131 
 
 .037 
 
 .166 
 
 1.44 
 
 0.65 
 
 1.13 
 
 1.50 
 
 0.60 
 
 1.16 
 
 E.S.E. 
 
 116 
 
 28 
 
 144 
 
 876 
 
 .132 
 
 .032 
 
 .164 
 
 1.45 
 
 0.56 
 
 1.11 
 
 1.23 
 
 0.75 
 
 1.04 
 
 S.E. 
 
 68 
 
 31 
 
 97 
 
 661 
 
 .103 
 
 .047 
 
 .146 
 
 1.12 
 
 0.82 
 
 0.99 
 
 1.07 
 
 0.67 
 
 0.90 
 
 S.8.E. 
 
 a 
 
 75 
 
 94 
 
 36 
 21 
 
 110 
 115 
 
 781 
 1166 
 
 .096 
 .081 
 
 .046 
 
 .141 
 
 1.05 
 0.89 
 
 0.80 
 0.32 
 
 0.96 
 0.67 
 
 1.09 
 1.00 
 
 0.47 
 0.45 
 
 0.86 
 0.82 
 
 .018 
 
 .099 
 
 S.8.W. 
 
 172 
 
 49 
 
 221 
 
 1799 
 
 .096 
 
 .027 
 
 .123 
 
 1.05 
 
 0.47 
 
 0.86 
 
 1.11 
 
 0.45 
 
 0.91 
 
 S.W. 
 
 129 
 
 85 
 
 212 
 
 1760 
 
 .073 
 
 .048 
 
 .120 
 
 0.80 
 
 0.84 
 
 84 
 
 1.03 
 
 1.04 
 
 1.06 
 
 W.8.W. 
 
 103 
 
 113 
 
 215 
 
 1945 
 
 .053 
 
 .058 
 
 .110 
 
 0.58 
 
 1.01 
 
 0.75 
 
 0.85 
 
 1.61 
 
 1.10 
 
 W. 
 
 107 
 
 110 
 
 21 
 
 1975 
 
 .054 
 
 .056 
 
 .109 
 
 0.59 
 
 0.98 
 
 0.74 
 
 0.79 
 
 1.71 
 
 1.13 
 
 W.N.W. 
 
 92 
 
 125 
 
 217 
 
 2044 
 
 .045 
 
 .061 
 
 .106 
 
 0.49 
 
 1.07 
 
 72 
 
 0.76 
 
 1.35 
 
 0.97 
 
 N.W. 
 
 80 
 
 91 
 
 170 
 
 2027 
 
 .039 
 
 .045 
 
 .084 
 
 0.43 
 
 0.79 
 
 0.57 
 
 0.76 
 
 1.17 
 
 0.91 
 
 N.N.W. 
 
 115 
 
 126 
 
 239 
 
 2213 
 
 .052 
 
 .056 
 
 .108 
 
 0.57 
 
 0.98 
 
 0.73 
 
 0.72 
 
 1.25 
 
 0.92 
 
 Calms. 
 
 85 
 
 48 
 
 133 
 
 1388 
 
 .061 
 
 .035 
 
 .096 
 
 0.67 
 
 0.61 
 
 0.65 
 
 0.95 
 
 0.67 
 
 0.87 
 
TOEONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 135 
 
 TABLE LXV. 
 
 COMPARATIVE DURATION OP THE SEVERAL WINDS DURING THE DAYS IN ANY PART OP WHICH SNOW FELL, 
 FROM OBSERVATIONS IN THE YEARS 1853 TO 1859 INCLUSIVE ; THE SNOW STORMS BEING ARRANGED IN 
 FOUR CLASSES ACCORDING TO THE AMOUNT OF SNOW, AND EACH CLASS BEING TAKEN TO INCLUDE 
 ALL THE HIGHER CLASSES. 
 
 
 Absolute duration of the several winds in 
 hours. 
 
 Relative duration of each wind on 
 days of snow as compared with 
 its duration on all days. 
 
 Ratios of the nnmbers in (6), (7), 
 (8) and (9) to the respective 
 means for all winds. 
 
 Snow 
 generally 
 
 Snow 1 
 inch 
 and 
 upwards. 
 
 Snow 8 
 inches 
 and 
 upwards. 
 
 Snow 6 
 inches 
 and 
 upwards. 
 
 During 
 days with 
 and with* 
 out S now 
 
 Ratio of 
 (1) to (5) 
 
 Ratio of 
 (2) to (5) 
 
 Ratio of 
 (3) to (6) 
 
 Ratio of 
 (4) to (5) 
 
 Snow 
 generally 
 
 linch 
 and 
 upwards. 
 
 3 inches 
 and 
 upwards. 
 
 6 inches 
 and 
 upwards. 
 
 
 (1) 
 
 (2) 
 
 (3) 
 
 M) 
 
 (5) 
 
 (6) 
 
 (7) 
 
 (8) 
 
 (9) 
 
 (10) 
 
 (11) 
 
 (12) 
 
 (13) 
 
 N. 
 
 909 
 
 236 
 
 97 
 
 11 
 
 3908 
 
 0.233 
 
 0.060 
 
 0.025 
 
 0.003 
 
 1.21 
 
 1.15 
 
 1.18 
 
 83 
 
 N.N.E. 
 
 705 
 
 294 
 
 119 
 
 19 
 
 2579 
 
 .273 
 
 ..114 
 
 .046 
 
 .007 
 
 1.41 
 
 2.19 
 
 2.17 
 
 1.94 
 
 N.E. 
 
 766 
 
 403 
 
 190 
 
 38 
 
 2635 
 
 .291 
 
 .153 
 
 .072 
 
 .014 
 
 1.51 
 
 2.94 
 
 3 40 
 
 3.89 
 
 E.N.E. 
 
 633 
 
 269 
 
 171 
 
 34 
 
 3929 
 
 .136 
 
 .068 
 
 .044 
 
 .009 
 
 0.70 
 
 1 31 
 
 2 08 
 
 2.50 
 
 E. 
 
 526 
 
 236 
 
 128 
 
 27 
 
 4572 
 
 .115 
 
 .052 
 
 .028 
 
 .006 
 
 0.60 
 
 1.00 
 
 1.32 
 
 1.67 
 
 E.S.E. 
 
 330 
 
 125 
 
 74 
 
 22 
 
 2298 
 
 .144 
 
 .064 
 
 .032 
 
 .010 
 
 0.75 
 
 1.04 
 
 1.61 
 
 2.78 
 
 S.E. 
 
 212 
 
 75 
 
 27 
 
 4 
 
 1647 
 
 .129 
 
 .046 
 
 .017 
 
 .002 
 
 0.67 
 
 0.88 
 
 80 
 
 0.56 
 
 S.S.E. 
 
 165 
 
 43 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 1818 
 
 .091 
 
 .024 
 
 .007 
 
 .001 
 
 0.47 
 
 0.46 
 
 0.33 
 
 0.28 
 
 S. 
 
 239 
 
 62 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 2795 
 
 .086 
 
 .022 
 
 .005 
 
 .000 
 
 0.45 
 
 0.42 
 
 0.24 
 
 0.09 
 
 S.S.W. 
 
 
 102 
 
 14 
 
 4 
 
 4021 
 
 .087 
 
 .025 
 
 .003 
 
 .001 
 
 0.45 
 
 0.48 
 
 14 
 
 0.28 
 
 S.W. 
 
 800 
 
 147 
 
 27 
 
 7 
 
 4000 
 
 .200 
 
 .037 
 
 .007 
 
 .002 
 
 1.04 
 
 0.71 
 
 0.33 
 
 0.66 
 
 W.S.W. 
 
 1372 
 
 161 
 
 50 
 
 10 
 
 4415 
 
 .311 
 
 .036 
 
 .011 
 
 .002 
 
 1.61 
 
 0.69 
 
 0.62 
 
 66 
 
 w. 
 
 1509 
 
 212 
 
 56 
 
 3 
 
 4571 
 
 .330 
 
 .046 
 
 .012 
 
 .001 
 
 1.71 
 
 0.85 
 
 0.57 
 
 0.28 
 
 W.N.W. 
 
 1161 
 
 165 
 
 45 
 
 3 
 
 4455 
 
 .261 
 
 .037 
 
 .010 
 
 .001 
 
 1.35 
 
 0.71 
 
 0.47 
 
 0.28 
 
 N.W. 
 
 1000 
 
 176 
 
 64 
 
 5 
 
 4426 
 
 .226 
 
 .040 
 
 .014 
 
 .001 
 
 1.17 
 
 0.77 
 
 0.66 
 
 0.28 
 
 N.N.W. 
 
 1223 
 
 261 
 
 107 
 
 2 
 
 5061 
 
 .241 
 
 .052 
 
 .021 
 
 .000 
 
 1.25 
 
 1.00 
 
 99 
 
 0.00 
 
 Calms. 
 
 504 
 
 81 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 3921 
 
 .129 
 
 .021 
 
 .007 
 
 .001 
 
 0.67 
 
 0.40 
 
 0.33 
 
 28 
 
136 
 
 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 TABLE LXVI. 
 
 COMPARATIVE DURATION OF THE SEVERAL WINDS DURING THE HOURS IN ANY PART OP WHICH SNOW FELL, 
 FROM OBSERVATIONS IN THE TEARS 1867 TO 1869 INCLUSIVE ; THE SNOW STORMS liEING ARRANGED IN 
 FOUR CLASSES ACCORDING TO THE AMOUNT OF SNOW, AND EACH CLASS BEING TAKEN TO INCLUDE 
 ALL THE HIGHER CLASSES. ' 
 
 
 Absolute duration of the several winds 
 expressed in hours. 
 
 Relative duration of each wind 
 during the hours in which snow 
 fell, as compared with the dura- 
 tion on all days. 
 
 Ratios of the numbers in (6), (7), 
 (8) and (9), to their respective 
 means for all winds. 
 
 Snow 
 generally. 
 
 Snow 
 1 inch and 
 
 ii[A\ :ii ijs. 
 
 Snow 
 S inches 
 and 
 upwards. 
 
 Snow 
 6 inches 
 and 
 upwards. 
 
 Dunne 
 days with 
 and with- 
 out Snow. 
 
 Ratio of 
 
 (l)to(5). 
 
 Ratio of 
 (2) to (6). 
 
 Ratio of 
 (3) to (IS). 
 
 Ratio of 
 (to(5). 
 
 Snow I 
 generally. 
 
 1 inch 
 and 
 upwards. 
 
 3 inches 
 and 
 upwards. 
 
 6 inches 
 and 
 upwards. 
 
 
 (t) 
 
 (*) 
 
 (S) 
 
 (4) 
 
 (5) 
 
 (6) 
 
 (7) 
 
 (8) 
 
 (9) 
 
 (10) 
 
 (11) 
 
 (12) 
 
 (IS) 
 
 N. 
 
 106 
 
 43 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 1489 
 
 0.071 
 
 029 
 
 0.006 
 
 0.000 
 
 1.24 
 
 1.07 
 
 0.59 
 
 0.00 
 
 N.N.E. 
 
 100 
 
 72 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 770 
 
 .130 
 
 .094 
 
 .013 
 
 .003 
 
 2.27 
 
 3.48 
 
 1.29 
 
 2.04' 
 
 N.E. 
 
 143 
 
 117 
 
 60 
 
 11 
 
 1022 
 
 .140 
 
 .114 
 
 .059 
 
 .011 
 
 2.45 
 
 4.22 
 
 5.84 
 
 7.48 
 
 E.N.E. 
 
 139 
 
 89 
 
 64 
 
 14 
 
 2149 
 
 .065 
 
 .041 
 
 .030 
 
 .007 
 
 1.U 
 
 1.52 
 
 2.97 
 
 4.76 
 
 E. 
 
 82 
 
 58 
 
 34 
 
 8 
 
 2192 
 
 .037 
 
 .026 
 
 .016 
 
 .003 
 
 0.65 
 
 0.96 
 
 1.58 
 
 2.04 
 
 E.S.E. 
 
 28 
 
 15 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 876 
 
 .032 
 
 .017 
 
 .013 
 
 .000 
 
 0.56 
 
 0.63 
 
 1.29 
 
 .00 
 
 S.E. 
 
 31 
 
 14 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 661 
 
 .047 
 
 .021 
 
 .003 
 
 .000 
 
 0.82 
 
 0.78 
 
 0.29 
 
 .00 
 
 8.S.E. 
 8. 
 
 36 
 21 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 781 
 i "*. 
 
 .046 
 
 _ 012- 
 
 .005 
 .003 
 
 .000 
 .000 
 
 0.80 
 0.32 
 
 0.44 
 0.22 
 
 0.49 
 0.29 
 
 .00 
 .00 
 
 1166 
 
 .018 
 
 .006 
 
 8.8.W. 
 S.W. 
 
 49 
 85 
 
 20 
 26 
 
 7 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 1799 
 1760 
 
 .027 
 .048 
 
 .011 
 .015 
 
 .004 
 .003 
 
 .000 
 .000 
 
 0.47 
 0.84 
 
 0.41 
 0.56 
 
 0.39 
 0.29 
 
 .00 
 .00 
 
 W.S.W. 
 
 113 
 
 19 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 1945 
 
 .058 
 
 .010 
 
 .003 
 
 .000 
 
 1.01 
 
 0.37 
 
 0.29 
 
 .00 
 
 W. 
 
 110 
 
 16 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1975 
 
 .056 
 
 .008 
 
 .003 
 
 .000 
 
 0.98 
 
 0.30 
 
 0.29 
 
 .00 
 
 W.N.W. 
 
 126 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2044 
 
 .061 
 
 .010 
 
 .001 
 
 .000 
 
 1.07 
 
 0.37 
 
 0.10 
 
 .00 
 
 N.W. 
 
 91 
 
 25 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2027 
 
 .045 
 
 .012 
 
 .001 
 
 .000 
 
 0.79 
 
 0.44 
 
 0.10 
 
 .00 
 
 N.N.W. 
 
 125 
 
 47 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 2213 
 
 .056 
 
 .021 
 
 005 
 
 .000 
 
 0.98 
 
 0.78 
 
 0.49 
 
 .00 
 
 Calms. 
 
 48 
 
 13 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 1388 
 
 .035 
 
 .010 
 
 .004 
 
 .001 
 
 0.61 
 
 0.37 
 
 0.39 
 
 0.68 
 
 
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 flK 
 
 ^ 
 
 SSj 
 
 iRSr 
 
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