-:*iy.v.v!»rt?iW?j«a>j«<S*.S'S<^-i^^ 
 
 ■^R 

 
 THE LIBRARY 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 j^/M. 
 
 m 
 
 yt^ /:>\ 
 
 ltf^(^^^££^ 
 
 yp
 
 X
 
 THE GOLDEK MEA^f OF 
 
 W. Cave Thomas.] 
 
 [DalzicI Brothers.
 
 THE 
 
 TRIAL OF SIR JASPER 
 
 A TEMPERANCE TALE, IN VERSE. 
 
 By S. C. hall, F.S.A., 
 
 BARRISTER-AT-LA\V j EDITOR OF ' THE ART-JOURNAL.' 
 
 ' Woe unto him that giveth his neighbour drink, that puttest thy bottle 
 
 TO H1.M, and MAKEST HIM DRUNKEN.' — HaBAKKUK. 
 
 ' O THAT MEN SHOULD PUT AN ENKMY INTO THKIR MOUTHS TO STEAL AWAY THIUR 
 
 BRAINS That we should transform ourselves into Beasts Kvery 
 
 INORDINATE CUP IS UNBLESS'D, AND THE INGKEDIENT IS A DEVIL.' — ShAKSPERE. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 VIRTUE, SPALDING, AND DALDY, 
 
 26, IVY LANE, PATERNOSTER ROW.
 
 r K. 
 
 Having been strongly urged by many of the friends and 
 upholders of Temperance to issue a more costly edition 
 of this book — believing it may thus find entrance into places 
 where ordinary Temperance Tracts are seldom received — I 
 have done so : adding several pages of Illustrative Facts — 
 details as to the terrible effects of the vice of Drunkenness, 
 and the efforts that are made for its suppression. 
 
 S. C. Hall. 
 
 %ht 3EUus trillions, from ©riginal gratotngs, bn 
 
 E. M. WARD, R.A. 
 Mrs. E. M. WARD. 
 ALFRED ELMORE, R.A. 
 THOMAS FAED, R.A. 
 W. C. T. DOBSON, R.A. 
 Sir J. NOEL PATON, R.S.A. 
 Sir JOHN GILBERT, A.R.A. 
 GEORGE CRUIKSHAXK. 
 JOHN TENNIEL. 
 
 F. D. HARDY. 
 H. ANELAY. 
 
 GUSTAVE 
 
 BIRKET FOSTER. 
 W. CAVE THOMAS. 
 G. H. BOUGHTON. 
 CHARLES MERCIER. 
 P. R. MORRIS. 
 N. CHEVALIER. 
 WALTER J. ALLEN. 
 H. R. ROBERTSON. 
 E. SHERARD KENNEDY. 
 JOHN MORGAN. 
 E. M. WIMPERIS. 
 DORlt. 
 
 Ihe Cnfirabmgs bg 
 
 DALZIEL BROTHERS. 
 J. & G. P. NICHOLLS. 
 J. D. COOPER. 
 BUTTERWORTH & HEATH. 
 
 WILLIAM BALLINGALL. 
 R. S. MARRIOTT. 
 C. M. JENKIN. 
 W. J. PALMER. 
 
 ' Laws will not do the work which has to be done. We want men for that, and 
 these men must see their work before they do it. Among all the writers, all the 
 talkers, all the preachers, all the workers, all the names we see blazoned in the 
 roll of English fame, are there none that will set about to abate this nuisance 
 and scandal— QVK national dri'nkrnnf.ss ? ' 
 
 Times {Leading- Article, qth Aug., 1872). 
 
 861873
 
 From nearly Two Hundred Reviews of this Book, I presume to 
 extract the followi?ig passages : — 
 
 SPECTATOR — " The arraignment of the prosperous distiller at the bar of 
 the Judge of all the Earth is powerfully conceived, and the evidence called is 
 awful and true. A soul-destroying, mind-debasing sin, a source of awful 
 cruelty and terror, crime and ruin. As such the writer treats it, very ably, 
 and with much truthful pathos. As a literary production the poem is of con- 
 siderable merit, profusely illustrated with drawings bv our best artists." 
 
 CHURCH OF ENGLAND TEMPERANCE CHRONICLE.— " We strongly 
 recommend it; it will be found interesting and useful i or temperance meetings 
 in the winter evenings." 
 
 DAILY NEWS. — "The immeasurable woe and wickedness of drink- 
 debauchery are very powerfully revealed in these energetic verses : and the 
 poem is written with that simplicity of language which is most likely to have 
 an effect on the class of minds needing the lesson and the warning." 
 
 THE BUILDER. —" An earnest and able effort to set forth the miserable 
 results of intemperance, with a view to check its terrible progress." 
 
 THE ALLIANCE NEWS.—" Not only a beautiful and powerful poem, but 
 it is so constructed and directed as to form a touching plea for Temperance 
 We earnestly counsel all our friends to read it." 
 
 THE ECHO. — "We strongly urge temperance societies to distribute widely 
 copies of this cheap and brilliant little book." 
 
 TEMPERANCE RECORD. — " There is great power of discussion and force 
 of language in the poem, and it carries with every line irresistible conviction. 
 We heartily wish the beautiful book may find a place in every home." 
 
 BELL'S WEEKLY MESSENGER.—" An earnest, nobly conceived, and 
 ably written poem. A singularly practical and welcome publication." 
 
 MORNING POST. — " The illustrations and engravings are alike admirable, 
 and art has very rarely assisted letters so effectually in denouncing a sin 
 which is, according to statistics, becoming every day of greater magnitude, 
 and burning like a cancer into our social system." 
 
 NOTES AND QUERIES. — "The poera is forcibly written, uniting elegance 
 with force, and earnestness with all." 
 
 GENERAL BAPTIST MAGAZINE.—" The poem is bold in conception, 
 vivid, striking, and life-like in its portrait painting, fervid in feeling, and 
 everywhere resonant with the clear ring of truth." 
 
 STANDARD.—" The best and most impressive warning in verse and 
 illustration we have seen against the unspeakable horrors of Intemperance." 
 
 BRITISH TEMPERANCE ADVOCATE. — " Roth author and publisher 
 have clearly vindicated their claim to the support of the Temperance com- 
 munity, and we sincerely hope the teetotalers will show their appreciation 
 of this great effort by procuring copies of the book, and making it known 
 as extensively as possible." 
 
 THE SOCIAL REFORMER. — " A trenchant and courageous exposure of 
 the country's ' curse ' — the drink traffic." 
 
 THE TEMPLAR. — " Let this book be scattered broadcast throut;hout the 
 length and breadth of the land. Circulate it among the children, circulate it 
 among lodges and Temperance societies, circulate it in cottage and drawing- 
 room, among those who patronize :ind uphold the drinking system. We 
 believe the ' Trial of Sir Jasper ' will carry Temperance truth and effect con- 
 viction, where the Temperance lecturer and ordinary Temperance literature 
 have no access." 
 
 UNITED KINGDOM ALLIANCE ANNUAL REPORT.—" Within the past 
 few weeks they (the Committee) have rejoiced to hail the issue and aid the 
 circulation of Mr. S. C. Hall's admirable and powerful poem, ' The Trial of 
 Sir Jasper,' a temperance tale in verse. The poem contains a powerful pica 
 for the prohibition of the liquor traffic ; and it subjects that traffic to a wither- 
 ing impeachment. . . . The value and interest of the poera are sustained by 
 graphic and powerful artistic illustrations, from the hands of our ablest artists. 
 The poera should be read in every Templar lodge, and on all Temperance 
 and Band of Hope platforms, and should be circulated everywhere."
 
 Sir J. Noel Paton, R.S.A.] 
 
 [W. Ballingall. 
 
 ' Is it too late to save him ? God, we prny 
 His Guardian Angel may not pass away.'
 
 [Dalziel Brothers. 
 
 * Hungry and footsore, and without a bed : 
 Starving— yet dare not touch the meat and bread.' (p. i6.)
 
 /'"^OME into Court, before the Eternal God ! 
 ^^ Swear on His staff, and swear upon His rod ! 
 Swear, infancy and manhood, age and youth ! 
 The truth, the whole truth, nothing but the truth ! 
 
 Appear, Sir Jasper — Citizen and Knight. 
 Man render justice ! God uphold the right ! 
 
 He — THE Distiller — makes and vends the Gin ! 
 Arraign him — as the primal Source of Sin. 
 
 A self-deluded fool is he who deems 
 
 The head is innocent that moves the hand. 
 
 A fount impure may taint a thousand streams. 
 The Devil did not do the work he plann'd. 
 
 He is the very worst of evil pests 
 
 Who fears to execute — and but suggests.
 
 6 ART- AIDS. 
 
 He does not deal in driblets ; never takes 
 
 Pence from the wretch whose wretchedness he sees 
 Wholesale he sells the poison ; wholesale makes 
 The poison ; and grows fat on a disease : 
 Sells to the greedy publican, who doles 
 The liquid fire in doses, large or small : 
 In pennies-worth or shiUings-worth — that's all. 
 
 Is he responsible for lives and souls ? 
 Ay — guilt is his beyond the guilt of others 
 Who, by the assassin's knife, has slain his brothers. 
 
 II. 
 We ask — and have — the aid of Art, to show 
 
 The height and depth of this — the Country's curse : 
 To tell, with emphasis, what all should know : 
 
 For Art can give a living force to Verse. 
 Here are the Artist-Aids : impressive Teachers : 
 Social Reformers : high and holy Preachers, 
 
 Whose painted sermons he who runs may read : 
 
 Who speak the tongue of all Mankind, indeed. 
 Blessed be they who use God-given powers 
 
 To till the soil-^to plant the pregnant seed 
 That lends the moral desert fruit and flowers ! 
 
 in. 
 Oyez ! Oyez ! ye witnesses appear ! 
 Make way — and let Sir Jasper see and hear ! 
 
 Whence come the witnesses? From filthy lairs ; 
 From loathsome alleys ; mews of lordly squares ; 
 From fever hot-beds, where no skill avails ; 
 From 'crowners' courts ; from mad-houses; from jails ;
 
 A. Llraorc, K.A.j 
 
 |_l>;iii;i(.'l lirotlicrs. 
 
 ' With mcmoiies black of many a bitter blow, 
 Dealt when the father's soul was dark with gin.' (p. l6.)
 
 J'. K. Mc, 
 
 [O. i>. MdujlU. 
 
 ' Tlicsc arc the sisters, mothers, daughters, wives : 
 Hopeful— yet doubtful — all may not be spent.' (p. S^-)
 
 THE WITNESSES. 
 
 From hovels where mephitic vapour rests ; 
 From pauper poor-houses — begrudge'd guests ; 
 From dismal ' Homes ' where Parish burdens lie 
 To sodden ; where deserted children die. 
 From dreary haunts we shudder but to name — 
 Vile haunts of infamy, of sin and shame : 
 Where God is heard of only to blaspheme : 
 And Gin alone — foul Devil — reigns supreme. 
 
 From 'gay' Saloons they come, where cheats conspire : 
 
 Where shameless women show themselves for hire, 
 
 The Circes of the Attic, daubed with paint 
 
 To hide their physical and moral taint ; 
 
 Where young men dance and laugh on Ruin's brink ; 
 
 And ribald songs are stimulants to drink. 
 
 From * Halls ' where hoarse sedition-mongers spout, 
 And Bacchus revels with his rabble rout : 
 The foetid dens where rules and triumphs Vice, 
 Where ' Commune ' outcasts cog the mental dice : 
 Reeking with blood from yet unwashed hands — 
 The blood of good men, boasting they have spilt : 
 Proud of their shame, and glorying in their guilt. 
 They bear their filthy froth to many lands. 
 
 Of all such evil men, the direst foe — 
 
 The dreaded most — is Temperance : that they know. 
 
 Alas ! the Truth-recorder's duty traces 
 
 The WITNESSES to less degraded places : 
 
 To widely different ' Homes ' the ' Drink ' disgraces. 
 
 Giving a foretaste and forecast of Hell : 
 
 And those who vend the poison know it well !
 
 8 THE FELON'S WIFE. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Is that a witness ? Yes ; the Babe was nursed 
 At the gin-fount — the drunken mother's breast ; 
 
 She, from its day of birth, her offspring cursed. 
 The bird was poisoned in its very nest. 
 
 V. 
 
 Bring in the Drunkard's Daughter : want and woe, 
 
 And brutal usage, sink her very low : 
 
 With memories black of many a bitter blow, 
 
 Dealt when the father's soul was dark with gin. 
 
 You guess the poor girl's fate — a life of sin. 
 
 What — friendless, helpless, outcast — could she do ? 
 
 Who is responsible ? Sir Jasper — You ! 
 
 VI. 
 
 Is that a Woman — clad in filthy rags ? 
 
 Ay, and a woman pure : though hope is dead, 
 As, with her boys, her weary way she drags. 
 
 Hungry and footsore, and without a bed : 
 Starving — yet dare not touch the meat and bread. 
 A miserable tramper through the streets : 
 No aid she asks, no sympathy she meets. 
 Where are the comforts the fair maiden had ? — 
 For she was fair, though now so worn and sad. 
 Her husband drank the poison you supphed ; 
 It was a FELON cursed you ere he died. 
 
 She is not in the street : beneath the trees, 
 That shade her girlhood-home, she sits : and sees 
 The kine come to the milking, through the lane : 
 The setting sun lights up the window-pane :
 
 G istavo Dorc.j 
 
 J 'aUicl Jirolhtrs 
 
 * A miserable tramper through the streets : 
 No aid she asks ; no sympathy she meets.' (p. 1 6.)
 
 
 Biiket Foster.] 
 
 IJ- L>. Cooper 
 
 ' She is nol in the bticcl : beneath the Uees, 
 That shade her giilhood-lionic, she bits.' (p. l6.)
 
 THE SCHOLAR. 
 
 The blackbird sings its vesper hymn : the bees, 
 Laden with labour-fruitage, wing their way : 
 She hears the merry laugh of work at play : 
 'Tis the calm evening of a tranquil day. 
 
 Alas ! her present with her past compare : 
 And see her pictured here — and pictured there 
 
 VII. 
 
 That witness is an Artist ! On his brow 
 Genius was seated ; shame degrades it now : 
 And self-reproach. Grand works within his brain 
 Dwindled to nothings but a shadowy train : 
 His great intendings — all — have come to nought ; 
 All perished in the ruin he has wrought. 
 Giving to those who gave him love and thought 
 
 A grief of heart for premature decay 
 Of powers that might have Avon him wealth and fame, 
 And had already dignified his name. 
 
 Is it too late to save him ? God, we pray 
 His Guardian Angel may not pass away. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 That witness is a Scholar : one who stood 
 High in the college-books — of promise good. 
 Ten thousand devils haunt him, day and night ; 
 Haunt him alike in darkness and in light. 
 Horrible fancies of all hideous things. 
 Of birds with crawling feet and dogs with wings ; 
 The bread is yellow clay, the water ink ; 
 A monster mixes mud-stuff with his drink ;
 
 10 THE POLICE. 
 
 The bones have left his Hmbs ; his hair is flame 
 That burns its way into his very brain ; 
 And shadows of a past — a ghastly train — 
 
 Buzz in his ears of future guilt and shame. 
 The wretched youth is mad ! 
 Sir Jasper, look at him ! for you have had 
 Few better customers than that lost lad : 
 In dissipation old : but young in years. 
 
 And though the poison-cup your agent gave 
 Was weakened somewhat by his mother's tears, 
 
 'Twas strong enough to drive him to his grave 
 In Bedlam Ah ! Sir Jasper sees and hears ! 
 
 IX. 
 
 The Civil Guardians of our homes are true ; 
 
 Forbearing and forethinking, courteous, steady ; 
 
 In turmoils disciplined and firm and ready ; 
 Their motto ' Duty ' — they their duty do. 
 
 But, here and there, the Fiend finds victims still — 
 Victims the gin has moulded to his will ; 
 Who shock the social faith, the public sense 
 Of right — destroying trust and confidence. 
 
 That scoundrel beat a womaJi, almost dead. 
 See her — the bandage round her bleeding head. 
 What answer has he? None ! the ' man' is mute. 
 Treat him as you would treat no other brute ; 
 Flog him : the hangman's lash alone can be 
 The fitting punishment for such as he ! 
 
 Better — though sad— to picture him who meets 
 The miserable drunkard in the streets.
 
 George Cruikshank.] 
 
 [Dalziel Brothers. 
 
 Ten thousand devils haunt him, day and night ; 
 Haunt him alike in darluiess and in light.' (p. 21.)
 
 Sir John Gilbert, A.K.A.J 
 
 [G. I'. Nicholls. 
 
 'A common incident of blighted life : 
 Mourn for the wretched sufferers — child and wife,' (p. 27.
 
 THE MINISTER. ii 
 
 'Tis but the usual story : every night 
 
 Revolting scenes, like this, may shock your sight : 
 
 A common incident of blighted life ! 
 
 Mourn for the wretched sufferers — child and wife ! 
 
 X. 
 
 Is he God's Minister, who skulks along, 
 
 Humming the loose air of a tawdry song ? 
 
 Nature herself sustains a sudden shock, 
 
 And drops a tear of pity — for his flock. 
 
 And yet he loathes the foe that conquers him ; 
 
 Nay, sometimes with thick voice, eyes dull and dim, 
 
 And shaking hands that hold the book of prayer. 
 
 He prays to be delivered from the snare. 
 
 He prays, but does not pray with faith and trust ; 
 
 And Resolution in the scale is dust. 
 
 He gave an oath to God to sin no more — 
 
 'Twas on his mother's grave that oath he swore. 
 
 The chain has bound him in its iron links ; 
 And idly, weakly, vainly, sliding back, 
 He crawls again into the beaten track ; 
 
 Resolves — and drinks ; and re-resolves — and drinks. 
 
 What caused this Castaway to fall so low ? 
 
 'Twas Social Custom — an insidious foe 
 
 That saps the moral strength— then strikes the blow \ 
 
 XI. 
 
 Of pictures that deface a printed page. 
 
 Perhaps, the saddest and the darkest shows 
 An OLD MAN staggering to a drunkard's grave ; 
 Not in the frosty winter of his age.
 
 12 THE AGED DRUNKARD. 
 
 And such is he who enters next, and knows 
 Himself a sneak, a reprobate, a knave. 
 The moral sense is dead : he does not shrink 
 From any shift, or trick, or crime, for drink. 
 See the degraded wretch we picture here : 
 He blights the corn before it reach the ear. 
 Yet he was once a gentleman — whose name 
 Was heralded among the heirs of fame. 
 See him : with gin his very soul is stained ! 
 
 See him— see many such — whose wretchedness 
 Will make the Income Tax a penny less, 
 And swell the boasted ' Surplus.' Millions gained 
 For tens of millions lost. Where are they lost 
 If of such Incubi we count the cost ? 
 Jails, hospitals, mad-houses — they know well, 
 And poor-houses o'er-crowded — they can tell. 
 
 Ask what the judges, doctors, jailers, think 
 The Nation gets — and what it pays — for drink? 
 
 XII. 
 
 One man, who bore an ancient, honoured, name, 
 
 Was called as witness ; but no answer came. 
 
 Even in that mingled crowd some wept, some sigh'd : 
 
 'Twas whisper'd, ' Dead ! by his own hand he died !' 
 
 He rests ! — but that he rests, to think is hard — 
 
 In a dull corner of a bleak church-yard. 
 
 And there one helpless, aimless, woman keeps 
 
 A nightly watch above the man who died ; 
 Withered in heart, and without hope, she weeps 
 
 Over the lone grave of the suicide.
 
 - \^ 
 
 John Tennicl.] 
 
 [liuttcnvorth & Heath. 
 
 ' See the clograded wretch we picture here : 
 He blights the corn before it reach the car.' (p. 28)
 
 CI 
 
 '<3 
 
 '3 
 
 > 
 
 c 
 o 
 
 > 
 
 O 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 33
 
 THE MARINERS: THE SOLDIERS. 13 
 
 XIII, 
 
 The Mariners who guard our sea-girt coast 
 And bear our commerce through the world, in ships ; 
 The Soldiers who have gained ' good conduct strips,' 
 
 Men who are, rightly, Britain's pride and boast ; 
 Brave, honourable, faithful, loyal, just; 
 Entitled to their country's hope and trust. 
 (Let ' Balaclava ' tell its marvellous story ! 
 The ' Birkenhead ' its tale of greater glory !) 
 No better men when sober : drunk, none worse, 
 When madden'd by the self-inflicted curse. 
 Two sad examples enter : both must die 
 When youth is full of promise — hope most high.! 
 One shot his comrade, as he sat at rest, 
 The friend of all his friends he loved the best. 
 The other stabb'd his messmate on the deck, 
 His helper in the battle and the wreck. 
 They had no prepense malice — quarrels none : 
 They knew not what they did, until 'twas done ! 
 
 XIV. 
 
 To lighten somewhat an oppressive load 
 
 Of grief and guilt that fills the heart with sadness, 
 
 Let us relate, by way of episode, 
 
 A story that will strike the chord of gladness. 
 
 Giles Jonson was a ploughman : well to do : 
 An honest, thriving, yeoman : that he knew : 
 'Till neighbours saw, and grieved to see, his fall : 
 When at ' The Grapes ' he spent his wages — all : 
 And left his wife at home to starve — and think 
 How she could lay the home-curse-devil, Brink ! 
 
 C
 
 14 GILES yONSON. 
 
 See him ! he issues from the human sty 
 To tempt, by filthy lures, the passers by. 
 The artist paints him — lowest of the low : 
 Alas ! Giles Jonson ! 'twas not always so ! 
 A ministering angel was that wife — 
 
 Patient, enduring, hopeful, prayerful, good ; 
 Her husband was her very life of life ; 
 
 And she withstood him, as a woman should, 
 By tender, yielding, fond, and winning, ways — 
 Ever a woman's weapons — when she prays. 
 He saw her often smile, but seldom weep, 
 Yet heard her words of sorrow in her sleep ; 
 And soon the cheek was pale, the eyes were dim : 
 He knew — he could not help but know — for him ! 
 But the good Pastor quench'd the fatal fire : 
 And, Heaven-instructed, rais'd him from the mire. 
 One day he said — his hand upon her arm — 
 ' I've taken it ! ' With horrified alarm 
 She questioned, 'Giles ! what have you taken ?' thinking 
 'Twas a more rapid poison he'd been drinking. 
 Hurrah ! thank God ! the devil, Drink, is laid ! 
 And not in vain that faithful woman pray'd. 
 With joy and thankfulness of soul she wept 
 When Giles was pledged — and well the pledge he kept. 
 Again Giles Jonson was the ' well-to-do ; ' 
 Again the thriving yeoman ; that he knew : 
 Proud of his honest work, his humble rank ; 
 Had money in his pockets and the bank. 
 And she, his good wife, wore a silken gown, 
 And in her hallowed pride walk'd through the town.
 
 E. .M. Ward, k.A.] 
 
 LR. S. Marriott. 
 
 ' Tiie arti-,t paints liim— lowest of tlie low : 
 Alas ! Giles Jonson! 'twas not always so!' (p. 3-|.)
 
 -m0f 
 
 "yft-^. 
 
 E.-M. Ward, R.A.] 
 
 [C. AI. Ji-nkin. 
 
 ' And let the artist draw his picture now : 
 Draw Farmer Joxsox— home fioiii his own ploui^h !' (p. 39.)
 
 THE MURDERED WIFE. 15 
 
 Passing, one day, the public-house again, 
 He saw the landlord standing at his door. 
 
 Giles limp'd along as if in grief and pain. 
 ' What ails thee, Giles ? ' quoth landlord ; with a sigh, 
 ' I've got a lump here,' Jonson made reply, 
 Placing his hand upon his manly thigh. 
 ' I told thee how 'twould be,' the landlord says ; 
 * That's what thou'st got by thee teetotal ways : 
 Come in,' he added, ' and I bet a crown 
 The lump that troubles thee I'll bring it down.' 
 ' I know thou wouldst,' said Giles, and gave a jump 
 
 Full of the vigour of the days of old. 
 He turn'd to leave the now abhorred place 
 
 And from his pocket drew a purse of gold, 
 Laughed, as he shook it in the landlord's face. 
 
 And said, ' For that's the lump ! ' 
 And let the artist draw his picture now : 
 Draw Farmer Jonson — home from his own plough ! 
 
 XV. 
 
 ^\^■lat pallid wretch comes next? His hands arc red! 
 
 It is a tale of horror best unsaid. 
 
 Is that the hand ? Is that the fatal knife? 
 
 Is that the body of the murdered wife ? 
 
 Let fall the curtain ! Close it ! Let the shroud 
 
 Hide ghastly terror from a gasping crowd. 
 
 He beat her thrice within an inch of death : 
 The neighbours counselled, ' Punish him ! ' But no ! 
 She waited calmly for the latest blow. 
 
 It came, and with a panting, parting, breath, 
 She told the almost pardonable lie — 
 ' It is not by my husband's hand I die.'
 
 1 6 THE MAGDALEN. 
 
 And so these neighbours found her : and they laid 
 The dead wife on the floor — there was no bed ; 
 But a Samaritan had gently placed 
 A decent covering o'er the woman dead, 
 Through which dim outlines of a form were traced. 
 One of your 'licensed' friends who keeps the — Blank- 
 May tell you how much gin he daily drank, 
 
 And — for his memory is not dull nor dim- 
 He can give evidence how much he paid 
 
 To you of what the murderer paid him. 
 
 XVI. 
 
 Bring in that sinful woman — lost to shame; 
 They do not call her : cannot tell her name ; 
 That relic of the past remains — alone ; 
 By an abhorrent ' nick-name ' she is known. 
 
 A fierce virago is she. How she screams 
 As two policemen haul her into court, 
 Followed by hooting boys, who think it sport. 
 
 Little she knows or cares how she blasphemes. 
 Haggard and wild, of woman's charm no trace 
 Is seen in those blear'd eyes, that bloated face. 
 How she was brought to this, what need to tell ? 
 'Tis an old tale how trusting woman fell. 
 
 Yet of the village she was once the pride : 
 Her yeoman father, sturdy as the oak. 
 Was with her mother soon, whose heart she broke : 
 
 And humbly prayerful for the sinner, died. 
 Without a hand to help, a lip to bless. 
 Shrinking with loathing from the foul caress, 
 Careless and heedless what may be her fate.
 
 o 
 
 -I- 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 o 
 
 
 75 
 'a 
 
 H
 
 W . t. . 1. Iiubboii, K.A.J 
 
 LO. i'. .Nicliolls 
 
 ' She may be welcomed by the Serai^hini, 
 "Where SINNERS-PENITKNT find pardoning grace.' (p. 45.)
 
 THE PENITENT. 17 
 
 What loathsome dung-heap her last bed may be, 
 Repentance, if it come, will come too late — 
 Too late for earth ; but not too late for Him 
 
 Whose call is to the outcast — ' Come to Me !' 
 She may be pure and beautiful again ; 
 And, freed by pardoning mercy from all stain, 
 
 Again receive a parent's fond embrace ; 
 She may be welcomed by the Seraphim, 
 
 Where sinners-penitent find pardoning grace. 
 
 XVII. 
 
 One other witness comes, but comes per-force ; 
 Swearing and struggling, and, with bellowing, hoarse. 
 
 Lord Medway, from a party in Mayfair, 
 ' Incapable,' with shaking head and hands. 
 
 Was staggering to his house in Belmont Square. 
 
 They drag his lordship into court, and there 
 Sir Jasper greets the owner of broad lands, 
 Yet shrugg'd his shoulders, murmuring, ' Only think, 
 The mob has seen a nobleman in drink ! 
 That sin, disgusting, is no sin of mine ; 
 The man is drunk — /did not make the wine !' 
 
 He might have said as much, when Lady Deign 
 Beat her small maid, who said she liked champagne. 
 And gave her two hours' warning on the spot : 
 As much, when Lady Josephine Le Blot 
 Let fall a lighted candle in the cot 
 
 Where slept her babe : and when the babe was dead, 
 'Twas ' accidental death ' the Jury said : 
 As much, when Sir Augustus Hugh Fitznought 
 Home in a costermonger's cart was brought.
 
 1 8 WITNESSES THAT MIGHT BE. 
 
 To put the night-lamp underneath his bed : 
 As much, when four fine boys of Countess Class 
 Were brought in with dessert, to have their glass ; 
 
 And when, in after life, these boys became 
 
 Degraded sots, they traced to her their shame : 
 (The drunkard's children share the drunkard's curse 
 And foul diseases, thus transmitted, nurse 
 
 A vicious nature in a vicious frame :) 
 As much, when Doctor Morte was drunk beside 
 His patient's bed — and so the patient died : 
 As much when, muddled Baron Jule la Coste 
 Staked his last guinea to Sir Rooke — and lost : 
 As much, when, homeward bound. Sir Joseph Beck 
 Fell from his horse's back and broke his neck : 
 As much, when Captain Sir Adolphus Brand 
 Was wreck'd, with half his crew, in sight of land. 
 
 But why extend the list ? Take heart of grace, 
 Sir Jasper ; yours is not the only case 
 Where ' social customs ' sacrifice the soul ; 
 You have your share, indeed, but not the whole. 
 All the foul crimes we lay not at your door ; 
 
 Yoic do not tempt your equals or your betters ; 
 The poor — or those who are to be the poor — 
 
 * Low people' all — are they who are your debtors. 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 And, not content with sin and death at home, 
 We give the Demon scope and space to roam. 
 The means to sadden, sicken, and degrade, 
 Forms a huge item of our Export trade ;
 
 
 
 
 
 II. Anelay.] 
 
 [Buttcrworlh & llcatli. 
 
 ' And when the babe was dead, 
 'Twas ' accidental death ' the jury said.' (p. 45.)
 
 ilf^ 
 
 y^ — ^r^s^i — 
 
 N. Chevalier.] 
 
 IJ. & G. P. Nicholls. 
 
 ' This happened in New Zealand : tlicy had placed 
 A drunken Maori in the public stocks.' (p. 51.)
 
 THE DRUNKEN MAORI. 19 
 
 Corrupting Colonies, to make them pay 
 
 The cost at which we keep them ; rendering worse 
 
 Than ' savages,' the savages we curse ; 
 The aborigines, who, day by day, 
 Are dying out — and not by slow decay. 
 This happened in New Zealand : they had placed 
 
 A drunken Maori in the public stocks. 
 Thus to reform the man they thus disgraced : 
 
 Degrading him among his native rocks, 
 And in the sight of comrades, asked and taught 
 To love the men who sold the thing they bought. 
 He called the magistrate, and thus address'd 
 The organ of the Law : ' You find it best 
 To punish me for that I'm drunk : and think, 
 
 It wise and just : oh ! weak and foolish man ! 
 
 Ah ! I can show you a far better plan : 
 Punish the man who made and sold the drink.' 
 
 But Britain from its duty dare not shrink : 
 The counsel of that Maori may reach 
 The Law-source : and our Legislators teach : 
 
 Punish the men who make and sell the drink ! 
 
 XIX. 
 
 There was a hubbub in the Court, a cry 
 
 For justice, as more witnesses drew nigh : 
 
 Fierce shouts of execration — ' Let him die !' 
 
 And ' blood for blood ! ' were words that met his ear. 
 
 What marvel if, impell'd by selfish fear. 
 
 He left the scene of mingled grief and crime 
 
 And sought a back-door exit — just in time.
 
 20 THE GIN-PALACE — INSIDE. 
 
 XX. 
 
 He slunk away — 'twas evening, but not night — 
 And pass'd a stuccoed palace, full of light ; 
 He did not enter, only peer'd within ; 
 But saw the men who bought and drank his gin ; 
 Round a gay garnished counter saw the throng : 
 Drunk were they all, or to be drunk ere long. 
 The portly landlord gossiped with the crowd, 
 The merry barmaid smirked and smiled and bowed, 
 And madam's voice was harmony, though loud. 
 
 But who are they that through the window peep, 
 
 Scenting the ' luxuries ' they do not share ? 
 The women who should be at home, asleep. 
 
 For surely they can have no business there. 
 Some are the very young, some very old, 
 Huddled for warmth, yet shivering from the cold. 
 
 These are the sisters, mothers, daughters, wives, 
 Hopeful — yet doubtful — all may not be spent 
 Of the week's wages, for the weekly rent — 
 Surely the reckless reprobates will keep 
 
 Some little part to save the children's lives ! 
 
 All silent — few among them dare to speak : 
 
 Away, Sir Jasper ; hear that horrid shriek ! 
 
 Such sounds are nothings — from the low and mean ; 
 
 'Tis but a hungry woman, who has seen 
 
 The miserable husband gulping down 
 
 Her cherished ' pet of pets,' her Sunday gown. 
 
 Even yet more audible is that deep sob^ 
 
 So deep, it gives a shudder to the mob : 
 
 For sure a heart broke with it : was tliat strange ? 
 
 A wretched drunkard offers in exchange
 
 E. Sherard Kennedy.] 
 
 [Butterworth & Heath, 
 
 ' The Artist saw this scene in London Square, 
 
 One night of snow, or nearer early morning.' (p. 58.)

 
 Charles Mcrcier.] 
 
 [UuUcnvorth & Heath. 
 
 ' Enter the Prison : see the good man there, 
 Who from the death-doomed sinner drives despair, (p. 57.)
 
 THE GIN-PALACE — OUTSIDE. 21 
 
 For one poor poison-cup, the Sacred Word ! 
 Her Bible, her dear mother's parting gift, 
 The produce of long days of hoarded thrift. 
 
 'Tvvas her last household god ! she saw and heard ! 
 
 XXI. 
 
 Sir Jasper, more examples do you need ? 
 Read the day's Paper : shudder as you read : 
 You will, if you are human : hear the call 
 To 'writers,' 'talkers,' 'preachers,' 'workers,' — all! 
 What Authors cannot do, the Artists may : 
 Laws avail little : words are but a breath : 
 But Art can scare your victims from the way 
 That leads to death — here-and-hereafter-dealh ! 
 
 XXII. 
 
 Enter the Prison : see the good man there. 
 Who from the death-doomed sinner drives despair : 
 God's messenger is he who brings the Word : 
 In that dark, dreary, chamber read and heard. 
 Among those men of God, shall we forget 
 The venerated Priest who liveth yet : 
 
 Liveth to be a Warning and a Guide : 
 For such men never die ; no need to name 
 Him to whom Ireland owes a mighty debt : 
 And though the seed fell but on stony ground, 
 After long years, the harvest will be found : 
 
 For what was once a glory and a pride, 
 Under his blessed influence, became 
 A degradation, a reproach, a shame. 
 And blest among the very blest be they 
 Who give us Fountains in the public way. 
 Refreshing man and beast — and nought to pay !
 
 22 THE DRUNKARD' S HOME. 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 The Artist saw this scene in London Square, 
 One night of snow, or nearer early morning :* 
 
 The man had died, where he had fallen— there : 
 Leave Art to tell the tale and give the warning. 
 
 XXIV. 
 
 And this : what seeks the child? what brings her near? 
 
 'Looking for father,' that the artist saw; 
 
 And that some guiding spirit bade him draw. 
 
 What need of words ? said we not well that Art 
 
 May take the Poet's or the Preacher's part. 
 And teach to mind and heart and eye and ear ? 
 
 XXV. 
 
 Can you not guess what these pool-bubbles mean, 
 Though of the self-drowned woman nought is seen ? 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 Sir Jasper, you may come another day 
 
 To see the drunkard's ' home ' — 'tis on your way. 
 
 Be careful as you mount the dangerous stair. 
 
 The broken window shows one broken chair : 
 
 Not worth a penny or 'twould not be there. 
 The filthy floor gives rest without repose, 
 
 Imprisoned vapours in the stead of air : 
 Though chill and bitterly the bleak wind blows, 
 And rain drips through the roof; and though the wall 
 Is black and slimy : yet the vermin crawl 
 Throughout the dull and dark and dismal room. 
 Where gin-rot brings its deepest depth of gloom.
 
 K. M. \Vimi)tris.] 
 
 [\V. J.i'almcr 
 
 ' Can you not guess what these pool-bubbles mean, 
 Though of the self-drowned woman nought is seen ? ' (p. 58.)
 
 AlticJ Llmorc, U.A.J 
 
 [F. Wculwortli. 
 
 ' Where are his wife and children — both he had ? 
 Go ask the parish paupers : one is mad.' (p, 63.)
 
 THE TEMPERANCE HOME. 23 
 
 Look at the wretch who Hes upon the floor : 
 His only coat is thin — too meanly poor — 
 A rag — to bring the drunkard one drop more. 
 No food — no, not a scrap ; — the life he led 
 Destroys the appetite for meat and bread. 
 No blanket — needing none — he has no bed — • 
 
 It was exchanged for gin, ay, long ago : 
 No pillow, even of straw, to raise his head ; 
 
 Among the very lowest, very low ! 
 
 Where are his wife and children — both he had ? 
 Go ask the parish paupers : one is mad. 
 The children, pariahs, crawling ' home,' at night, 
 To crave the ' Refuge ' shelter — warmth and light ! 
 ' Full ! ' There are many hundred children more 
 Who shrink and shiver round the closed door. 
 So — frightened when the street police are met — 
 They huddle under arches from the wet ; 
 Bad as they are they are not thieves — as yet ! 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 Contrast this picture with the home where lives 
 
 The man who knows the blessings Temperance gives : 
 
 He earns his living and can pay his way. 
 
 Yet still keep something for a rainy day. 
 
 His labour done, he gaily gathers up 
 
 His tools, makes entry of a finished job. 
 Thinks, with a relish, of the fragrant cup, 
 
 And hears the kettle singing on the hob, 
 Knowing the well-stored cupboard is ' all right' 
 To satisfy a wholesome appetite.
 
 24 THE MODEL WORKMAN. 
 
 While he was toiHng, she had done her part ; 
 His counsellor, companion, friend, and wife, 
 The sharer of his joys, and cares, in life. 
 
 All is prepared — a welcome of the heart. 
 Order prevails within, the floor is swept. 
 And all things cleanly, neatly, nicely, kept. 
 Suggestive prints adorn the paper'd walls, 
 Precious as priceless gems to lordly halls ; 
 And a few bits of only common delf 
 Are heir-loom graces of the mantel-shelf 
 The children are in bed, ' tuck'd in ' and warm — 
 Little they heed the pelting rain and storm. 
 They've said their evening hymn and prayer, and sleep 
 While guardian angels watch and ward will keep. 
 Young as they are, 'twould make them sad to miss 
 The father's blessing and the mother's kiss. 
 The supper over, now they sit and chat, 
 Companioned only by the well-fed cat. 
 With cheerful mind that gives the happy look, 
 He reads some pleasant and instructive book — 
 One of the cherished prides of his small stock — 
 (For every printed word becomes a seed 
 That, planted, must spring up — a flower or weed — 
 And he who writes may write what millions read :) 
 While the wife, listening, mends the baby's frock. 
 Early to bed, with no corroding care, 
 They go — but not without Thanksgiving Prayer. 
 
 xxviir. 
 
 Such is the Model Workman ; many such, 
 Whose labour is their staff", and not their crutch,
 
 J. Morgan.] 
 
 [F. Wentworth. 
 
 ' " Full ! " There arc many hundred children more 
 Wlio shrink and shiver round the closed door.' (p. 63.)
 
 
 O 
 D 
 
 a 
 o 
 c 
 
 3 
 
 (LI 
 
 O 
 {/) 
 
 d 
 
 (3 
 
 s 
 
 XI 
 
 o
 
 THE FOE OF SEDITION. 25 
 
 Thank God, there are, as there have ahvays been, 
 Loyal and true to Country and to Queen. 
 Mindful and careful of a needing brother, 
 And the elevetith commandment, ' love each other ! ' 
 
 Avoiding public wrangle, private strife ; 
 Knowing employers and employed ahke 
 Must prosper, he condemns and hates ' the strike,' 
 
 Strikes ! the fell upas-trees of social life. 
 They grow, trade withers, enterprise is dead ; 
 All strikes — by which the hands direct the head. 
 ' Live and let live,' his cherished motto, makes 
 
 Easy his load, and smooths and clears his w^ay: 
 He asks no more than what he gives and takes - 
 
 * A fair day's labour for a fair day's pay.' 
 He shuns ' the Park,' where rogues and rascals scheme, 
 Where ' licensed ' atheists drivel and blaspheme. 
 Making God's Word a theme for brutal jest, 
 Busied to desecrate the Day of Rest. 
 Such lures are not for him. To Church he goes, 
 For hallowed thought and sanctified repose : 
 
 To any church — it little matters where, 
 
 Or by what name — if God is worshipp'd there, 
 
 And souls are strengthened and refreshed by Prayer. 
 His gift is but a very common gift : 
 Forethought for self and others ; liberal thrift ! 
 The charity that will not wildly roam ; 
 The charity that does not stay at home. 
 
 He squanders nothing, nothing leaves to chance, 
 But prays, and trusts, and knows that God will bless 
 The Heaven-directed source of all success. 
 
 The mainspring of his guidance — Temperance !
 
 26 THE SPIRIT OF TEMPERANCE. 
 
 The Member chosen by his native place 
 Was but a workman once. You still may trace 
 The signs of labour on his sinewy hand. 
 The Peer who ranks the loftiest in the land 
 Has swept his father's shop ; nor thinks it shame 
 To tell his fellow-lordships whence he came. 
 Are cases such as these, in England, rare, 
 Of men who rise to rank, by toil and care ? 
 Self-taught, self-trained, self-disciplined — self-made : 
 Esteemed, respected — gentlemen in trade. 
 What hinders him from rising as they rose 
 To share the many blessings Toil bestows ? 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 Spirit of Temperance ! Hail ! what mighty things — 
 High boons to Soul and Body — Temperance brings ! 
 
 Your work may be to bring considerate thought 
 
 To humbler toilers in the hive of men : 
 Yet take refreshing draughts to brains o'erwrought, 
 
 To care-worn, heart-sick, soldiers of the pen. 
 A mother mourning o'er a child departed : 
 
 Or worse, pursuing evil ways in life : — ■ 
 You may take comfort to the broken-hearted. 
 
 And rescue the weak struggler in the strife. 
 To the repenting, or repentant, sinner 
 
 You may bring light, and bid his terror cease : 
 Some fallen sister you may seek, and win her 
 
 Into the pleasant paths of hope and peace. 
 You may dispel from shallow doubters doubt, — 
 
 Chaos, to which is said, ' Let there be light ! ' 
 And guide the sceptic as he gropes about 
 
 In darkness, dreaming of an endless night.
 
 !•. U. Hardy. J 
 
 [JJuUerwoith & Heath. 
 
 'Looking for father," i/iai the artist saw ; 
 And i/iai some guiding spirit bade him draw.' (p. 58.)
 
 Mrs. E. M. Ward.] 
 
 [Jcwitt & Keates. 
 
 ' They've said their evening hymn and prayer, and sleep : 
 While guardian angels watch and ward will keep.' (p. 64.)
 
 ACQUITTED. 27 
 
 Where Poverty and Want are tempters ; where 
 
 Vice hath no check from Comfort : none to teach ; 
 Where self-inflicted sorrows bring despair, — 
 
 Your Lord may let your soothing influence reach 
 Where more resistless tempters triumph — worse 
 
 Than want and poverty — you may be nigh : 
 When plethora of gold creates a curse, 
 
 And wealth demands what riches cannot buy. 
 You may help those who help themselves — whose prayer 
 
 Is for God-aided efforts : who, believing 
 In SELF-HELP, greatly think and grandly dare ; 
 
 And those more blest in giving than receiving : 
 Whose Charity revives like sun-lit dew : * ' 
 
 And adds to bread the health-boon of the leaven : 
 Happy in making happy : ah ! how few 
 
 Enjoy on earth the chiefest joy in Heaven. 
 
 Your task it is to lead the soul to God ! 
 Teaching to bless His staff and kiss His rod ! 
 
 XXX. 
 
 Summon, once more. Sir Jasper ! 
 
 You have seen 
 The things that are, will be, and long have been : 
 The issues of vice-trafiic. Does it pay 
 The seardd conscience ? Is the sin condoned, 
 Because the retribution is postponed, 
 And Justice gives Repentance ' a long day ?' 
 
 Accused ! You are acquitted ! Go your way ! 
 No human law can reach you ; murders done 
 As you do yours — the penalties are none !
 
 28 
 
 AFTER-TRIAL. 
 
 Go, and be happy if you may, or can. 
 But had you killed a single fellow-man 
 By open violence, or by subtle craft, 
 Or by another kind of poison-draught, 
 
 You would have hung at Newgate for that one. 
 
 But think you that your case is ended here ? 
 That in no after "Court you need appear ? 
 That when the Accusing Angel serves his writ, 
 You've but to plead your '■autrefois acquit V 
 No ! for your victims will appeal to Him 
 Who sits enthroned above the Seraphim — 
 For justice — not in darkness but in light ! 
 
 Sir Jasper, will you grudge 
 These victims their inalienable right 
 To change the venue — and be tried elsewhere ? 
 They will be witnesses, accepted, there — 
 
 Where God will be the Judge !
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS : 
 
 STUBBORN THINGS," — " STRANGER THAN FICTION." 
 
 " For it must needs be that offences come : but woe to that man by whom 
 the offence cometh." — Sf. Matthew xviii. 7. 
 
 [When I wrote this Poem — to which I was incited by the " call " 
 I have quoted from the Times — I had but a limited idea of the 
 magnitude of the forces in arms against what is rightly termed " the 
 national vice ;" that so many men and women had " seen their work" 
 — and are doing it; " writers, talkers, preachers, workers," who 
 Aaz*^ " set about to abate this nuisance and scandal — our national 
 drunkenness." Moreover, I was but imperfectly informed as to its 
 awful and terrible extent. I may safely assume that a very 
 large number of persons, of all grades, the educated classes more 
 especially, have but a dim notion of the evil in all its manifold 
 ramifications, and know comparatively little of the immense 
 efforts to arrest its progress. Upon these two points, indeed, I 
 have confirmation strong in a recent declaration of no less a 
 person than Archbishop Manning : — 
 
 " I must own, though I ought to have known it, that I did not know it till 
 some members of the United Kingdom Alliance called my attention to the 
 two volumes of the evidence of the Committee of 1854. After reading these, 
 I declare that I felt as if I had broken into a world of horror that 1 had 
 never seen before, and of which I was till then perfectly unconscious. For 
 the first time, I then knew of the pestilence that is walking in darkness, so 
 that men are struck by it when they are not aware." 
 
 For such persons — persons who are, as I was, until recently, 
 comparatively ignorant of the terrible extent and effects of the vice, 
 and the great efforts made to suppress it — I have prepared and 
 printed these Notes.*] 
 
 • Although I have gathered these facts from many and varied sources, there 
 are three books to which I have been specially indebted ; the first is " The 
 Condensed Argument for the Legislative Prohibition of the Liquor Traffic," 
 
 E
 
 30 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 
 
 " As/c ivliat the Judges, Doctors, Jailers, think." 
 
 THE JITDGES. — " Almost everj' crime has its origin more or less in drink- 
 ing." — Judge Gurney. "Ninety-nine cases out of every hundred are caused by 
 drinking." — Judge Erskine. "If it were not for drinking, you and I would 
 have nothing to do." — Judge Pattison's charge to the Grand Jury. " If all 
 men could be persuaded from the use of intoxicating drinks, the oiEce of Judge 
 would be a sinecure." — Judge Alderson. " Three-fourths of the cases of crime 
 have their origin in public-houses and beer-shops." — Judge Wightman. " More 
 mischief is done by drunkenness than b)' any vice in the country." — ^Judge 
 Piatt. " But for the offences brought on by the excessive use of intoxicating 
 liquors the courts of justice might nearly be shut up." — Judge Coleridge. 
 "Nine-tenths of the cases to be tried were caused by drink." — Chief 
 Justice Bovill. " Whatever step we take, and into whatever direction we 
 may strike, the drink demon starts up before us, and blocks the way." — 
 M. D. Hill, Q.C., Recorder of Birmingham. Chief Baron Pigott said, 
 at the Tipperary Assizes, " The offence of drunkenness is at the bottom 
 of every crime in the country." Baron Hughes, at Armagh, " Almost 
 every crime is attributable to intoxication." Baron Fitzgerald, "Nine- 
 teen-twentieths of the crimes committed in Ireland is traceable to that 
 most powerful source of crime — drunkenness." Justice Lawson, at the Cavan 
 assizes (1872), said, "Drunkenness seemed to increase in the direct ratio of 
 the prosperity of the people. It led to almost all the crime committed in 
 the country." " I can keep no terras," said Chief Justice Coleridge recently, 
 "with a vice that fills our gaols; that destroys the comfort of homes and 
 the peace of families, and debases and brutalises the people of these 
 islands." The Grand Jury at the Central Criminal Court, London, made 
 the following presentment : " The Grand Jury cannot withhold from the 
 court the amazement and horror they have felt during their investigations, 
 at the systematic countenance of and encouragement to, vicious habits by 
 the facilities afforded by the numberless places of resort for drinking 
 and profligac}', thereby providing nurseries for crime and destitution ; and 
 they earnestly hope that some effectual steps may be taken, either by the 
 withholding of licences, or curtailing the hours for the sale of intoxicating 
 liquors, and thus grapple with a system of demoralisation as antagonistic 
 to the interests of religion, and as injurious to the social well-being of 
 all classes of the community, as it is degrading to us as an enlightened 
 nation." I have printed a long list; yet it is only a selection. 
 
 by Frederic Richard Lees, Ph. D. ; it is a book so conclusive and convincing 
 that no one can read it without a deep and fervent desire to aid the cause of 
 which the author is the eloquent and philosophic advocate. Another valu- 
 able work is "Our National Resources: How they are Wasted," by Mr. 
 William Hoj'le; an appalling picture, indeed, but one that must do enor- 
 mous service and carry conviction — not only as to the prodigious spread of 
 the curse, but that it may be, and will be, arrested. The other book is a 
 " Report by the Committee on Intemperance for the Lower House of Convo- 
 cation of the Province of Canterbur)'," containing '''• testimonies'" from 
 judges, jailers, coroners, doctors, magistrates, parochial clergy, superinten- 
 dents of lunatic asylums, chaplains and governors of prisons, masters of work- 
 houses, and the constabulary, "in answer to forms of inquiry " as to the 
 extent, the causes, the results, and the remedies of intemperance.* These 
 " testimonies " were received from all parts of the Kingdom.
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 31 
 
 THE DOCTORS. — This " Declaration " was signed by 2,000 medical men 
 in the United' Kingdom, India, and the British Colonies : " That a very large 
 portion of human misery, including poverty, disease, and crime, is induced by 
 the use of alcoholic or fermented liquors as beverages;" and this by 300 
 leading Physicians and Surgeons of the Metropolis : " Being firmly convinced 
 that the great amount of drinking of alcoholic liquors among the working- 
 classes of this country is one of the greatest evils of the day, destroying — more 
 than anything else — the health, happiness, and welfare of these classes, and 
 neutralising, to a large extent, the great industrial prosperity which Provi- 
 dence has placed within the reach of this Nation, the vmdersigned would 
 gladly support any wise legislation that would tend to restrict, within 
 proper limits, the use of alcoholic beverages, and gradually introduce habits of 
 temperance." They also expressed the opinion that no medical man should pre- 
 scribe alcohol " without a sense of grave responsibility," Sir Henry Thompson 
 (in an admirable and most valuable letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury, 
 which has been reprinted generally throughout the Kingdom), thus writes : "I 
 have long had the conviction that there is no greater cause of evil, moral and 
 physical, in this country than the use of alcoholic beverages. ... I have no 
 hesitation in attributing a verj- large proportion of some of the most painful 
 and dangerous maladies which come under my notice, as well as those which 
 every medical man has to treat, to the ordinary and daily use of fermented 
 drink taken in the quantity which is conventionally deemed moderate." 
 Dr. Carpenter, addressing the British Association (Bradford, 1873), said, 
 " Drunkenness darkened the mind, injured the nerves, and destroyed the 
 will of the individual." " Let me ask my professional brethren the cause of a 
 vast amount of kidney and liver diseases, diseases of the brain and nervous 
 S3'stem, insanity, paralysis, and idiotcy ? From what cause more than half the 
 accidents which fill our hospitals ? What number of suicides occur in the 
 depressing stage following over-excitement of alcohol?" — ^J. W. Turner, 
 F.R.C.S. Of these opinions, also, I give but a limited selection. ^ 
 
 THE JAILERS. — Take a single example — the town of Liverpool : In one 
 year 13,914 persons (5,930 being females) were taken into custody, charged with 
 "drunkenness," 1,389 with the additional offence of "assaulting the police," 
 3,078 were described as "habitual drunkards; " 1,997 wore committed to jail for 
 three days in default of payment of the fine of five shillings — 836 males, and 
 1,131 females. Well might the chaplain of the jail tlius comment on that fact : 
 " Were it not for drunkenness a jail one-third the size of this would suffice." 
 The Deputy Governor of Winchester jail writes: "Seventeen out of every 
 twenty owe their incarceration to drink." At the Perth Assizes, Lord Ivory 
 said : " Almost all the cases (fifty-two) to be tried arose from drink." At the 
 Cheshire General Sessions, at Chester, the Rev. J. M. Kilner, chaplain of 
 Chester Castle, in his report stated that, "from a careful retrospect of his 
 books, he found that out of 11,616 prisoners who had come under his notice 
 during his connection with the castle (sixteen years), 7,332, or more than 63 per 
 cent., had been violators of the law through drunkenness and its consequences." 
 The jail chaplain of Manchester writes : " Of 1,000 criminals whose cases he 
 had investigated — 714 males, 286 females ; of the 286 females, 157 confessed 
 they were drunkards, and many of these are not yet 20 years of age ; of the 714 
 males, 554 confessed they were drunkards, and a large number of these are not
 
 32 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 
 
 20 years of age ; so, out of the i,ooo prisoners, 711 admit they are drunkards." 
 The Metropolis : The Rev. Dawson Burns, one of the ablest workers in the 
 cause, who has long' been doing the work the Times says " has to be done," 
 gives this fearful summary in one of his many letters to the leading journal : 
 " The police authorities have furnished me with the following ' Return of the 
 persons apprehended by the Metropolitan police during each of the following 
 years for the offences stated below : " 
 
 
 D 
 
 runk and 
 
 
 
 Year. 
 
 disord 
 
 crly conduct. 
 
 Drunkenness. 
 
 Total. 
 
 1868 
 
 
 10,463 
 
 9,169 
 
 19,632 
 
 1869 
 
 
 10,853 
 
 9,538 
 
 20,391 
 
 1870 
 
 
 11,549 
 
 10,076 
 
 21,623 
 
 1871 
 
 
 13,016 
 
 11,197 
 
 24,213 
 
 1872 
 
 
 16,420 
 
 12,689 
 
 29,109 
 
 Total ... 62,301 ... 52,669 ... 114,970 
 
 In the year ending September 2gth, 1872, the " apprehensions for drunken- 
 ness" in the United Kingdom amounted to 151,984, nearly double what they 
 were in 1863. 
 
 " The man who knows the blessings Temperance gives." 
 
 Following the statements of Judges, Doctors, Jailers, may be introduced 
 some comments by each of them as they refer to total abstainers : — 
 
 " Let me quote a fact quite well known — the Governor of Canterbury Gaol 
 stated that in 22,000 persons who passed through his jail in fifteen years he 
 had never met with a single teetotaler." — W. S. Caine. " A gentleman 
 who has been for thirty years on the Board of Guardians at Newcastle- 
 on-T3me (George Charlton, Esq., Mayor of Gateshead) states that in the 
 whole of that time he never knew a single total abstainer to apply for relief." 
 " The rule is universal, that where no public-house exists, there the demand for 
 relief from the parish is reduced to a minimum." — Samuel Fothergill. I quote 
 the following from answers to the Canterbury Convocation : — " During twent}'- 
 eight years of official life (as a Jail Governor) to the best of my knowledge 
 I never had a total abstainer in custody." " I do not remember, in my career 
 as a policeman during nine years, to have had a teetotaler in custody for any 
 offence whatever." " I have been master of workhouse and relieving officer 
 for eleven years," said one witness, "and during that time I never knew a 
 teetotaler applying for parish relief." Another said: "Among the upwards 
 of 170 men and women in this house, there is not one teetotaler to be found." 
 
 " High boons to soul and body Temperance brings." 
 
 Every member of a temperance society ought to receive from his emploj'er 
 larger wages than he who is even but occasionally drunk. He gains more for 
 his employer and ought to be paid more, not only as an act of justice but as 
 an encouragement and an example. I heard a teetotal navvy say at a public 
 meeting — "My comrades accuse me of being an unfair man because I do the 
 work of two men. I tell them it's teetotalism. I don't work harder than one 
 of them to do the work of two ; and then I ask them to come and look at my 
 home and my children to see how I spend my double wage." Mr. Thomas 
 Brassey, senior, told me that at one time he employed 20,000 men, at wages 
 from £2 to £$ weekly ; but that he did not believe twenty of them had ^^5
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 33 
 
 saved at the end of the year. His son, Mr. Thomas Brassey, M.P., states : — 
 " But some of the most powerful among the navvies have been teetotalers. 
 On the Great Northern Railway, there was a celebrated gang of navvies, who 
 did more work in a day than any other gang on the line, and always left off 
 work an hour and a half earlier than the other men. Every navvy in this 
 powerful gang was a teetotaler." John Ware, M.D. (Boston, U.S.) : 
 "None labour so constantly, so cheerfully, and with so little exhaustion, as 
 those who entirely abstain. None endure so well hardships and exposure, the 
 inclemency of weather, and the vicissitudes of seasons." Alcohol taken to 
 obtain strength for labour, physical or intellectual, is a gross delusion. It 
 is as if a man about to run a race had voluntarily weighted himself to impede 
 his motion. The highest authorities and safest guides assert that alcohol 
 does not assist, but does prevent, digestion ; that it impairs the vital organs ; 
 " acts as a poison upon blood and tissues ;" " produces susceptibility to 
 morbid action in all the organs;" " congests the membranes of the brain;" 
 " resulting in painful and lingering diseases." "In England, where Govern- 
 ment and Life Assurance statistics are accessible, it has been established that 
 the health of teetotalers is, on the average, one half better than that of mode- 
 rate and free drinkers together ; and that the value of life amongst abstainers 
 is increased by one-third a.s compared with the moderate drinkers." 
 
 " The nation gets — and what it pays^for drink" 
 
 The gross amount of revenue collected in the year ending March 31, 1873, 
 from alcoholic liquors and malt, was as under : — 
 
 From Home-made spirits ;ii^l3, 749,542 
 
 ,, Foreign and Colonial Spirits 4,881,566 
 
 Total from Ardent spirits 18,631,108 
 
 .. i^Ialt 7.544-175 
 
 ,, Wine 1,686,639 
 
 27,861,922 
 From licences to sell intoxicating liquors 
 (about) 1,700,000 
 
 ;£2<),56l,922* 
 
 That is what the nation " gets : " see what the nation " pays " to got it. 
 
 During the seven years ending 1872, the money directly spent upon intoxi- 
 cating liquors in the United Kingdom, is thus estimated by Mr. Hoyle 
 Author of " Our National Resources, and How they are Wasted ") : — 
 
 1866 ;<; 1 13,925,458 
 
 1867 110,122,266 
 
 i868 113,464,874 
 
 1869 112,885,603 
 
 1870 118,836,284 
 
 1871 118,906,066 
 
 1872 131,601,490 
 
 £819,642,041! 
 
 • In the year ending March 31, 1872, the total thus received was ;^26, 816,314. 
 + It may be borne in mind that the national debt is less than 800 millions.
 
 34 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 
 
 Those who doubt this statement may have their doubts removed. Intem- 
 perance " deluges the land with pauperism, crime, insanity, social and domestic 
 misery, while it blocks the way of educational, religious, moral, and political 
 progress." " Then, again, there is the loss of time and labour through 
 drunkenness. That was estimated by the Parliamentary Committee of 1834 
 at fifty millions yearly.'' It would be safe to calculate such loss as very much 
 greater in 1873. 
 
 Mr. Hoyle has, in answer to my application, supplied me with this state- 
 ment, showing what the nation pays for intoxicating drinks, as a " set off" 
 against the gain of ;^29,56i,922 : — 
 
 Direct Cost — 
 
 Money expended upon intoxicating liquors (1872) ;^i3i,6oi,4go 
 
 Indirect Cost — 
 
 1. Loss of labour and time to employers and workmen 
 
 through drinking, estimated by Parliamentary Com- 
 mittee of 1834 at one-sixth of wealth produced— at 
 least ;^SO,ooo,ooo 
 
 2. Destruction of property by sea and land, and loss of 
 
 property by theft and otherwise, the result of drinking 10,000,000 
 
 3. Public and private charges, by pauperism, destitu- 
 
 tion, sickness, insanity, and premature deaths, trace- 
 able to the use of intoxicating liquors 15,000,000 
 
 ; 4. Loss of wealth arising from the idleness of paupers, 
 criminals, vagrants, lunatics, &c., say 600,000, who 
 might work and produce yearly £50 each 30,000,000 
 
 5. Loss of wealth arising from the unproductive employ- 
 
 ment of the judges, magistrates, lawj-ers, witnesses, 
 policemen, jur5men, gaolers, poor-law guardians, 
 clerks, rate-collectors, &c., whose time is employed 
 through drink, cost of keeping criminals, &c 10,000,000 
 
 6. Loss arising from non-productiveness of capital in 
 
 money spent upon drink, which in three or four years 
 
 would reach ;^20,ooo,ooo or much more annually 20,000,000 
 
 ;^266,6oi,4QO 
 
 ^' Ajtd saw the men ivJio bought and drank his gin." 
 
 It is notorious that wealthy brewers and distillers are owners of a large 
 number of public-houses and beer-shops, the rent of which is a comparatively 
 small portion of their gains ; the publican can only sell his landlord's manu- 
 facture, and is the perpetual advertiser of his " double X," " cream of the 
 valley," " old Tom," and so forth. Not one in ten of those who sell drinks 
 can go to any market in which he can obtain, such as it is, " the best." * 
 
 * Vide evidence of Mr. R. Hammond, junior, J. P., before the Parliamentary 
 Committee. He adds : " In Yarmouth there are 182 public-houses; of these 
 128 arc brewers' houses. ... A great many of them are of the lowest and 
 worst description. . . . But from the interest the parties have on the bench, 
 little or nothing is said on the licensing day."
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 35 
 
 According to the report of the Commissioners of Inland Revenue, pub- 
 lished February, 1870, the licences in the United Kingdom to sell intoxicating 
 liquors were thus described : — 
 
 Publicans 98,009 
 
 Beersellers 52,590 
 
 Spirit Dealers 5,894 
 
 Beer Dealers 5,952 
 
 Wine Dealers 3,639 
 
 Sweets Dealers and Makers 123 
 
 Retailers of Wine (consumed off the premises) 4,780 
 
 Refreshment-house Keepers, selling Wine ... 2,974 
 
 Sweets Retailers 9,024 
 
 Packet Boat licences for sale thereon 374 
 
 Table Beer Sellers 2,720 
 
 Retail Brewers 17 
 
 186,096 
 
 Nothing stronger could be written concerning public-houses than this — 
 copied from the Times, July, 1872 :— " It would be impossible to find any- 
 thing which stands for so much loss to soul, body, and estate, for so much 
 discomfort and everything that is disagroable, as the public-house. Even if 
 we accept the best case that can be made for it in principle, the fact is still a 
 huge nuisance and misery. It is not only the quiet religious family, or the 
 respectable householder, that regards the public-house as one of the enemies 
 of his peace, but it is almost everybody except the publican and his landlord. 
 It is the wife and children who see the day's or week's wages spent there. It 
 is the neighbourhood disturbed by nightly broils and deeds of violence. It is 
 the employer who finds his men demoralised and enfeebled. It is the honest 
 tradesman who sees the money that should come to the counter go to the bar. 
 There is not a vice, or a disease, or a disorder, or a calamity of any 
 
 KIND that has not ITS FREQUENT RISE IN THE PUBLIC-HOUSE. It DEGRADES, 
 RUINS, AND BRUTALISKS A LARGE FRACTION OF THE BRITISH PEOPLE." 
 
 " The drunkard's children share the drunkard's curse" 
 
 " It is scarcely necessary to say that the actual existence of intemperance in 
 an individual member of society docs not represent the mischief which this 
 unit inflicts upon it. There is the evil example ; there is the resultant poverty 
 .and distress to those dependent upon him — new factors of every malady ; 
 there is the tra?ismission to posterity not only of various forms of disease — 
 notably derangements of nerve-tissue — but of a proclivity to drink, which is 
 established by competent authorities to be as hereditary as insanity itself." — 
 Dr. Edgar .Sheppard. " Idiocy is the sin of the parent visited upon the chil- 
 dren. That poison which, taken in excess, contracts life within the body of 
 the mother, and transmits impaired and feeble constitutions to the unhappy 
 offspring who are born, must, by natural law, affect the brain. Hence 
 the frightful number of ' Naturals ' to mock the civilisation we profess." 
 " There is no single habit in this country which so much tends to deterio- 
 rate the qualities 0/ the race, and so much disqualifies it for endurance in that 
 competition which in the nature of things must exist, and in which struggle 
 the prize of superiority must fall to the best and to the strongest." — Sir Henry 
 Thompson. " Those who are habitually addicted to this revolting vice not only
 
 36 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 
 
 injure their own bodies and minds, they likewise injure the minds and bodies of 
 f heir progeny. It has been ascertained that the offspring of inebriate parents are 
 generally more than usually depraved and criminal." Of i,ooo cases investi- 
 gated by the gaol chaplain at Manchester: " Out of the i,ooo prisoners, 415 told 
 me they had drunken fathers, and 113 said they had drunken mothers." " It is 
 remarkable, that all the diseases that spring from drinking spirituous and fer- 
 mented liquors are liable to become hereditary, even to the third generation, 
 gradually increasing, if the course be continued, till the cause become 
 extinct." — Dr. Darwin, F.R.S. "These highly curious annals of crime show, 
 in the clearest manner, the fatal influence of the drinking of whisky upon 
 the lowest classes ; for out of 234 boys at present in the institution, it appears, 
 from their own account, that the drunkenness of their parents stood thus : — 
 Had drunken fathers, 72 ; drunken mothers, 62 ; both fathers and mothers 
 drunken, 6g. So that upwards of two-thirds of the whole boys have been 
 precipitated into crime, through the habits of intoxication of one or both 
 parents." — Sir Archibald Alison, of the Glasgow Refuge. " The sin of the 
 parent is visited on a stunted, sickly, and debilitated offspring." — Canterbury 
 Convocation. " Facts make clear the sad truth that the children of parents 
 whose systems were tainted by alcoholic poison do start in life under great 
 disadvantage. . . . They are more likely to fall into the pauper class or criminal 
 class."— Hon. R. C. Pitman, in the Massachusetts Senate. " The habits of 
 the parents of 300 of the idiots were learned, and 145, or nearly one-half, are 
 reported as known to be habitual drunkards."— Dr. S. G. Howe (Massachu- 
 setts) Report to the Legislature. " The drunkard entails mental disease on 
 his family."— Sir W. A. F. Browne, M.D. Dr. W. B. Carpenter, F.R.S., ex- 
 presses a very strong opinion as to the "hereditary transmission" of the 
 drunkard's disease. A declaration has been signed by twenty-one physicians, 
 that " the use of alcohol entails diseased appetite upon offspring." "Dr. North 
 (United States) remarks that children nursed by intemperate women are 
 peculiarly liable to derangements of the digestive organs, and convulsive 
 affections ; and that he has seen the latter almost instantly removed by the 
 child being transferred to a temperance woman." Dr. E. Smith writes, "The 
 drinking habit of the mother is a common occasion of dropsy in the brain of 
 infants." "The drinking mother," sa3-s a high medical authority, "is a 
 monster. She strikes a blow at reason and virtue in the very womb."* 
 
 " Drank the poison you supplied." 
 
 " The certain truth that our alcoholic beverages— notably, whisky, gin, brandy, 
 and rum— contain a deleterious agent which is decimating our population. . . 
 They are largely mixed with amylic or fusel oil, ingredients which condition, for 
 the most part, the miserable consequences of habitual sottishness. All the spirits 
 in use are nothing more or less than alcohol thus flavoured."— Mr. Phillips, 
 principal of the Laboratory of the Analytical Department for the Inland 
 
 • Dr. Carpenter gives a fearful list of the diseases that are generated by 
 alcohol : delirium tremens, insanity, oinomania, idiocy, apoplexy, paralysis, 
 epilepsy, moral perversion, irritation of the mucous membrane of the stomach, 
 gastric dyspepsia, congestion of the liver, and others.
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 37 
 
 Revenue. " Upwards of sixty persons expressed belief in the adulteration of 
 beer." " There is no doubt that much of the liquor sold at public-houses and 
 beer-shops is adulterated, and often injuriously. The worst kind is a cheap 
 liquor popularly called 'clink.'" "Public-house beer is generally adul- 
 terated with deleterious ingredients." "The beer is abominably adul- 
 terated." " The vdle mixtures sold instead of genuine beer." — Canterbury 
 Convocation Report. " During the last financial year, 26 samples of 
 beer and materials found in the possession of licensed brewers have 
 been analjsed, and of these 20 were found to be illicit, the prohibited 
 ingredients being, in 14 samples, grains of paradise — one of these samples 
 containing, in addition, tobacco ; in two others cocculus indicus was present 
 in large and dangerous quantities ; two samples contained capsicum ; and the 
 remaining two proto-sulphate of iron." — Dr. Edgar Sheppard, Professor of 
 Psychological Medicine at King's College. The learned physician asks why 
 distillers and publicans are not prosecuted for making and vending impure 
 alcohol as well as the milkmen we are " down upon " for adulterating milk 
 with water. There are few "vested interests" in the milk trade, and there 
 is no milkman in Parliament. But the milkman is not the only "adulterator" 
 the law pursues : there is scarcely a branch of trade in which some vendors 
 have not been prosecuted — all but the publican who sells, and the distiller and 
 brewer who make, the poison! Surely a time is near when "even-handed 
 justice" will punish culprits of this class as severely at least as those who 
 mix water with milk.* In a very recent case concerning " nourishing stout,' 
 it was asserted in court that " the quality was improved by something: put into 
 the casks after they reached the plaintiff's cellar." And in another recent 
 case, where a man died from drinking four gills of sherry, "It was proved by 
 Mr. Railton, analytical chymist, that the wine deceased had drunk did not 
 contain twenty per cent, of the juice of the grape, and that in four gills there 
 must have been a gill of proof spirit in the wine. The jury returned a verdict 
 attributing death to an overdose of alcohol." "It is .simply illogical and 
 
 UNJUST TO PUNISH THE BAKER AND LET THE VINTNER ESCAPE FOR ESSENTIALLY 
 
 IDENTICAL ACTS."— J. L. AV. Thudichum, M.D., on adulteration of Sherries. 
 Of Ports, also, a like verdict has been given : where " brandy and other spirits 
 (evil spirits many of them in all senses), essences, alum, catechu, valonia, 
 and glycerine, do so much for the palate and the nostril." + 
 I heard Dr. Edmunds say, at a meeting of the Alliance, " You cannot 
 
 ADULTERATE LIQUORS WITH ANYTHING WORSE THAN ALCOHOL." 
 
 * There'is a book published '■^ for the use of publicans and spirit dealers," 
 called the "Mixing and Reducing I'.ook." It professes to tell the publican 
 how to "mix" with the spirit, oils of juniper, angelica, bitter almonds, 
 coriandcr,'nitric acid (aquafortis), cassia buds, chilies ; how to purify tainted 
 gin ; how to improve the colour of gin ; how to give gin artificial strength, 
 &c., &c. A work, " The Brewer," is also issued by the same publisher. 
 
 + Greek wines, recently introduced by Mr. Denman, are recommended 
 by the faculty and by other accepted authorities as pure, unadulterated, 
 " unfortified." Those who ivill drink wine had better take it with as little 
 admixture of poison as is possible : and, perhaps, there is evidence that this 
 (ircek wine is the purest, i e. the least alcoholic, of all wines. Mr. Denman 
 has published a pamphlet to expose the system of adulterating wines : con- 
 verting into rank poison that which Nature made wholesome and pure. 
 
 F
 
 38 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 
 
 " Was ■wreck'' d with half his crew in sight of land." 
 
 Two or three cases may suffice. It would be easy to quote a score in which the 
 ship did not actually " go down." The total wrecks of which there were no 
 survivors — details concerning which underwriters bt5t surmise — can be found 
 only in the book of the Recording- Angel. In a recent case, Mr. Hooker said 
 he was prepared to prove by the witnesses that from the time the ship left 
 , where Captain took charge of her, until she arrived at Liver- 
 pool, the captain was perpetually drunk, behaved like a maniac, brutally 
 ill-treated the crew, and daily jeopardised their lives and the safety of the 
 ship." Another case: — "On the arrival of the Sat-ah-Aun at Dover, the 
 pilot, the master, and the master's wife, were rowed ashore from the road- 
 stead where the vessel lay at anchor, all three being in a state of helpless 
 intoxication. On board the ship a large portion of gunpowder was lying" in 
 proximity to the galley fire. The pilot had to be lifted from the bottom of the 
 boat into the nearest wheelbarrow, and wheeled to the police-station." — Pall 
 Mall Gazette. Another case : — "The cook, boatswain, and steward, when they 
 found the ship sinking, went down to the cabin and made themselves drunk, and 
 were seen no more." — Loss of the Clyde, Valentia Harbour, November, 1873. 
 
 A sea-captain took with him a four-gallon cask of brandy; "And the four 
 gallons," said the merchant who owned the ship, " cost me four thousand 
 pounds." " It is notorious that the annual destruction of property and life 
 through accident and shipwreck caused by Intemperance is enormous." 
 
 " A drunken Maori in the public stocks." 
 
 The anecdote was told to me by Edmund Halswell, Esq., to whom the cir- 
 cumstance occurred during his residence as a magistrate in New Zealand. The 
 Rev. Mr. Andrews, in his account of the Mohawks of Georgia, thus describes 
 the effect of spirits upon them : — " They grow quite mad — burn their own little 
 huts— murder their wives and children, or one another,— so that their wives are 
 forced to hide their guns and hatchets, and themselves too, for fear of mis- 
 chief." In 1873, an interview took place at Capetown between the Colonial 
 Secretary, and two Kaffir chiefs. The secretary, having expressed his regret 
 that there was so much drunkenness among the Kaffirs, the chief, Sewani, 
 said, " Yes, that is a matter I have to talk about. Why did you bring this 
 temptation before us ? Why is it brought into our locations — to our very 
 doors?" Subsequently he said, " We cannot resist this evil which Govern- 
 ment has allowed to be brought to us — to be forced upon us." "None but 
 those who have come directly in contact with the evils of intemperance among 
 the natives of India, who have witnessed the complete mastery it attains over, 
 and the wreck to which it reduces them, both in body and soul, can have any 
 adequate conception of the extent and power of the evil." — Rev. E. Scudder, 
 M.A. " Hear the report of the missionaries," said John Bright, in one of his 
 advocacy-speeches on Temperance. " Through the drunkenness of British 
 and American seamen, and the extensive introduction by them of ardent 
 spirits amongst the natives, many of the little churches gathered upon the 
 heathen strand — the pledges, as we have accustomed ourselves fondly to 
 regard thera, of the world's conversion — have been broken up ; the labours 
 of the missionaries thwarted, and their lives endangered; the beautiful islands 
 which gem the bosom of the Pacific, in peril of being flung back into the 
 scathed and blighted desolation of spiritual death."
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 39 
 
 " A fierce virago is she." 
 
 " Of all the affecting spectacles that can be witnessed, there is none so 
 utterly dreadful as to see a woman — a wife — a mother — staggering drunk out 
 of a gin -palace. The imagination shrinks from following out the evil to all 
 its results ; but no one can have visited the poor in great cities without being 
 profoundly conscious of the desolation caused by female intoxication. Why 
 
 NOT PUNISH THE MAN WHO SUPPLIES THE MEANS OF SUCH RUIN?" — Charlcs 
 
 Buxton, M.P. (brewer), North British Reviezv, vol. xxii., p. 466. 
 
 "/y he God's minister who skulks along?" 
 
 He cannot fail to shudder who reads the many details of clergymen " of 
 all denominations " who, having preached to others, have become castaways. 
 We find recorded in a Welsh paper the results of drinking on the part of a 
 minister of the Gospel. His name is given, for the case was public. He 
 drank and slept in a cab ; but he had made the driver drunk, and the wretched 
 man fell from his scat and broke his neck. In the following case also the name 
 is given : " Police-constable Hughes related the condition in which he found 
 the reverend gentleman. He was quite incapable, and had ridden his horse 
 to such an extent that two shoes were off its f^et, and the others were in a 
 bad condition. When he took defendant off the horse he could not walk 
 without support, and he placed him in a waggon to convey him to the police 
 station. When defendant came to fetch his steed he was again drunk, and 
 on being told that the animal wanted shoeing he refused to give more than 
 5^d. for having it done, preferring to ride the poor beast barefooted, as he 
 came." "We have known, not one minister, but scores, ruined by the Syren 
 Alcohol. Three distinguished dissenting preachers, in our own locality, 
 whom we knew, were dismissed from their pulpits — one, the eldest of the 
 three, the Rev. E. P., fell into the snares of drink, seduced a lady of his con- 
 gregation, and died abroad ;— the second, the son of the former, and one of 
 the most eloquent preachers we ever listened to, became a hopeless drunkard, 
 and it is to be feared died in that state, from the result of an accident ; — the 
 third, the Rev. W. T., we heard of, some time ago, in the west, the most 
 degraded sot of the place wlicrc he resided. We could name several others 
 less distinguished for talent, both in the Episcopal Church and amongst dis- 
 senting congregations, who have fallen into the snare." — Dr. F. R. Lees. * 
 
 " The wretched youth is fnad." 
 
 " The alarming amount of madness in the United Kingdom is well known to 
 be in great part owing to the abuse of fermented liquors." Ihat fact is very 
 easily proved. Lord Shaftesbury states that " having been for sixteen years 
 chairman of the Lunacy Commission, he has ascertained that no less than 
 three-fifths of the cases of insanity, both here and in America, are from this 
 cause." " The worst cases of general paralysis and diseases of the brain and 
 
 * Yet a clergyman was actually found to take a seat at the annual dinner 
 of the "Stamford Licensed Victuallers' Association ! " and to reply for the 
 TOAST OF THE CLERGY ! It is reported, indeed, that he said of the publicans, 
 his hosts : — " Their influence for good was enormous, .ind in many cases it tar 
 exceeded that of all the bishops on the bench and all the beneficed clergymen 
 in England ! "
 
 40 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 
 
 mind which came under my notice in a certain class of society arose from this 
 most pernicious practice." — Dr. Forbes Winslow. " Intemperance is the 
 most prolific cause of insanity, especially araongst the labouring classes." — 
 British Medical Journal. " For twelve years I have here watched and 
 chronicled the development of the greatest curse which afflicts this country. 
 From thirty-five to forty per cent, is a fairly approximate estimate of the 
 ratio of insanity directly or indirectly due to alcoholic drinks." — Dr. Edgar 
 Sheppard, dating from Colney Hatch. The twenty-sixth report of the Com- 
 missioners of Lunacy shows that the total number of lunatics, idiots, and 
 persons of unsound mind in England and Wales, registered on the ist 
 January, 1872, was 58,640, being an increase of 1,885 upon the cases recorded 
 on the 1st of January, 1871. 
 
 " Yon guess the poor girVs fate — a life of sin .-"' 
 
 " The public-house is the mainstay of the ' Social Evil ' as confessed by 
 unfortunate women, when, from time to time, they have been led to the peni- 
 tentiaries ; and after they have been reclaimed, the danger of a, relapse hangs 
 almost entirely upon a return to drinking habits." Dr. Hawkins, in a paper 
 on the "Moral Statistics of Manchester," states that " out of seventy unfor- 
 tunate women interrogated, oite-half vicva drunk at the time, viz., ten o'clock 
 on Sunday morning." "To the effects of liquor, multitudes must refer both 
 t\\eir Jiist deviation irora virtue, and their subsequent continuance 'yd. vice." 
 Mr. J. Wilson, overseer of St. Margaret's, Westminster, deposed, that as to 
 the causes of their fall — " Almost, if not alv/ays, they have attributed it to the 
 excitement of liquor." It is as certain that sin has its most eifcctive sus- 
 tainers in the public-house as it is that sin exists. " Ah ! sir," said a poor 
 girl to Mr. W. Logan, author of The I\Ioral Statistics of Glas^^ozu, " we never 
 could go on in our miserable course were it not for intoxicating liquors." 
 Mr. Poynder, LTnder- Sheriff of London, thus wrote : — "When the history 
 of these poor fallen women shall be read in the light of the last Great Day, 
 it will unmistakably be found that their fate was most intimately bound 
 up with a legalised Liquor Traffic." The subject is one that I cannot pur- 
 sue further. The abstracting even, of one hour from the night of liquor 
 sale has produced good results ; all authorities agree as to that fact. I 
 quote only one — a passage from the Report of the "Midnight Meeting move- 
 ment." " The haunts of debauchery and vice are silent when they formerly 
 were most nois}', and the strings of wretched revellers who formerly trooped 
 from tavern to tavern during the small hours, betake themselves home just as 
 they used to be beginning the evening a few years ago. Of course there is less 
 drinking in consequence, and of course the night-house keepers are indignant 
 and evasive. . . . Profligacy has lost half its grossness by the ea;-/j'<r/(?j/«^'-aci'." 
 It is just the clause the publicans are banded to repeal- — to keep open again 
 till twelve o'clock. The hour before midnight is that for which the publicans 
 most eagerly contend, for then the reason of the drunkard has left his control, 
 and he will spend his kept-back shilling ; then miserable and sinful women 
 have lost the last grain of shame, and drained their victims ; then the 
 tempters put out their glaring gaslights and count their gains, heedless of the 
 miseries, the degradations, the crimes, the murders, the suicides — ripe 
 produce of moneys heaped up in the till.
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 41 
 
 " Can you not tell what these pool-bubbles mean .?" 
 
 A short time ago, a woman entered an hotel at Virginia AVater, took 
 a drink at the bar, and, asking permission to leave there a small basket and 
 an umbrella, walked through the back-door and into the water. She must 
 have gone twenty yards nearly before the water was deep enough to drown 
 her. The basket contained only things for her " laying out." Her husband 
 on giving evidence said that a year before she had been left a sum of 
 money ; from the unhappj' day of her receiving it she was never sober ; it was 
 all spent; with her last sixpence she' bought her last drink, and went 
 deliberately to meet her God — a suicide. 
 
 " Him to whom Ireland owes a mighty debt" 
 
 Alas ! all accounts from Ireland concur in describing drunkenness to be 
 almost as extensive there as it was before Father Mathew wrought his wonderful 
 reformation in the habits of its people.* But, at least, this vast good remains : 
 drunkenness is now looked upon as a. degradation ; in the old times it was 
 rather a source of pride than of shame ; an Irishman drunk was " an Irishman 
 all in his glory;" and in the upper classes it was considered a breach of hos- 
 pitality to permit any guest to depart sober from a festive party. Now, a gentle- 
 man is very rarely seen intoxicated, and a peasant will skulk home through 
 by-ways if the foul drop has mastered him. Immense efforts are making 
 by Protestant and Roman Catholic to restore Temperance to a country pro- 
 verbially rich in " raw material ;" and by God's help and blessing these efforts 
 will be successful. My intimacy with the Good Priest, the Rev. Theobald 
 !Mathcw, is among the happiest of my memories. I loved and honoured him. 
 Truly, he was one of the very best sen'ants of his Master: a good man, a 
 thorough gentleman, a faithful Christian, and an earnest and devoted labourer 
 for the work God gave him to do. Yes, it is one of the happiest, and, also, 
 one of the proudest, of my memories, that I was " the first Englishman 
 who did him justice." (Ireland, its Scenery and Character, by Mr. and 
 Mrs. S. C. Hall : 1840.) I quote that passage from one of his letters to me. 
 He died before age had weakened his power ; died from over-toil, and alas I 
 " the wear and tear " incident to impoverished means. 
 
 " Giles Jonson was a yeoman — well to do." 
 
 I heard this tale at a Temperance meeting, thirty years ago, from the man 
 who was the hero of it. To his story, much as I have told it, he added — 
 " And here's my wife ; I drove her to this meeting in her own one-horse 
 shay." I quote a few incidents from several that occurred at a Temperance 
 meeting ; no doubt there are many who could furnish me with even stronger 
 facts: — "I'll buy no more caps or bombazine gowns for landladies," said a 
 sturdy convert ; "but my own wife shall have them." "I can now send my 
 
 • " It is our painful duty to add, that in the disgraceful crime of drunken- 
 ness, and in the assaults which are its outcome, Ireland has a bad /ire- 
 eminence. In 1872 there were 83,280 cases of drunkenness in Ireland, against 
 33,891 in a corresponding number of^the population of England and Wales ; 
 and 30,246 common assaults against 18,387. These are figures which no 
 countryman of Father Mathew can read without a blush of shame." — IVce- 
 man's Journal, 8th November, 1873.
 
 42 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 
 
 children to school and go to a place of worship m3selt'," said another. ' I 
 became an ale-house politician, a drunken reformer, trying to govern the 
 nation, and yet not able to reform myself. Ask my employers nozv whether I 
 do not work better ; ask ray fellow-workmen also." This was said by another : 
 " I never was so well in my life ; and my house, which was hell, is turned into 
 heaven by tee-total." And this by another : "lam now respected and in 
 good credit, and I can serve God as I ought to do. Ask my wife ! " A voice 
 from the crowd was heard : " Yes, and I love thee better than ever I did ! " 
 They were nearly all reclaimed drunkards who at that meeting signed this 
 address : — " We are now happy ; our wives are comfortable ; our children are 
 provided for ; we are in better health ; better in circumstances ; we have 
 peace of mind!" Take an example from another order of society. Hear 
 what was said by Edward Baines, Esq., at a public meeting in Leeds : " This 
 day, the gth of November (1870), thirty-three years ago, I made a resolution 
 to try the experiment of total abstinence from spirits, wine, and beer. I tried 
 it for a month, and I was as well, as happy, and as strong, and did as much 
 work at the end of the month as at the beginning. I have tried it for all the 
 months and 3'ears that have elapsed since, and with almost unvarying health, 
 comfort, vigour, and happiness in the discharge of the duties of life. Now for 
 comfort and happiness. I believe most conscientiously that I enjoy myself 
 more, enjoy my food more, enjoy whatever I have taken to drink more, enjoy 
 my sleep more, and enjoy my work more, and have done more work than 
 if I had taken any intoxicating drink." 
 
 " He took the pledge, and well the pledge he kept." 
 
 Very recentl}', one of the most eminent and prosperous of our manufacturers 
 told me this : — " I had a brother and a son, both drunkards. I could never 
 persuade my brother that two glasses of wine were better than two bottles, 
 and that none was better than either. He died ; I will not say in what state. 
 With my son I could do nothing ; he was a perpetual dread and disgrace to 
 me, and a terrible affliction to his family and friends. I sent him to China, 
 mainly to be rid of him — lest he might infect with the disease his younger 
 brothers. I rejoice and am thankful to God to say he is now my partner, and 
 a more estimable man or more valuable member of society does not live. 
 He took the pledge — and kept it. For five years no drop of stimulant has 
 passed his lips, and I believe by God's help and blessing it never will." This 
 is but one of tens of thousands of cases as strong. A volume of " illustrative 
 facts " might be given to show that reformed drunkards have become con- 
 scientious and useful citizens and valuable heads of families. No one would 
 believe that the labour of " Good Templars " and other Temperance societies 
 has been labour in vain : God has given an abundant harvest of their work. 
 
 " Ft'om dreary liaunts ive shudder but to name." 
 
 " These lodging-houses are, moreover, the seething hotbeds of depravity 
 and crime, and being adjacent to the habitations of the lowest class of our 
 labouring poor, the indecent and immoral habits of the population infect 
 whole streets, and cast a gloomy shadow of squalor and vice over the loca- 
 lity." — Dr. Ross, ]\Iedical OfBcer, Bloomsbury. " There is not a sin which 
 the imagination of man can conceive which is not rife in that north bank of 
 the River Thames. I saw there figures and faces deformed and defiled by the
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 43 
 
 sin of drunkenness, and, therefore, by every other form of sin ; a sight horrible 
 to look upon ; and all this is the creation of drink." — Archbishop Manning. 
 The late Home Secretary (Bruce), having referred to the " recklessness and 
 moral degradation which sprung from, and were occasioned by, the liquor 
 traffic, said that, " Our prisons, lunatic asylums, and workhouses were filled 
 with inmates whose career had originated in their passion for intoxicating 
 liquors. The back streets, courts, and alleys of most large towns were 
 thronged with a squalid and dangerous population, who owed their degrada- 
 tion to the same cause ; even rural districts were not free from the curse." 
 
 " Yet of the village she was once the p7-ider 
 
 " The details of those successive days in vice, be they few or many, which 
 commence in misfortune or folly, and end in death, it may be well to cover; 
 be that as it may, the simple attractive country lass passes off from one side 
 of life's stage, while on the other she enters, the wandering, suffering woman 
 of sin. The character is changed. No more the country-girl — but, hence- 
 forth, in a word — she is an 'Unfortunate!' Yes, an 'Unfortunate!' Mild 
 euphuism for indicating a life covered with every shade and character of 
 misery, degradation, and revolting shame." — Midnight Meeting Movement. 
 
 " F 7-0711 paitper poo7--hoiises — begrudged giiestsT 
 
 In 1871 the number of paupers in the United Kingdom was 1,280,188 ; the 
 cost of maintaining them approaching fourteen millions. There were in 1873, 
 60,296 lunatics maintained at the public cost ; in 1872, the cost of the police 
 was ;^2, 798,344. In England and Wales alone the paupers receiving relief on 
 January i, 1873, were 890,372, of whom 154,171 were indoor. Lunatics, idiots, 
 and persons of unsound mind had increased from 41,129, in 1862, to 60,296 
 in 1872. This is exclusive of Scotland and Ireland. The total cost of sup- 
 plying indoor paupers, and outdoor paupers, and workhouse; officers with 
 ale, wine and spirits during the year 1871 amounted to £\'2&,-]o\ 9s. 4d. 
 
 " That unt7tcss is a7i a7-tistP 
 
 One of the greatest of our sculptors — a man of lofty genius, largely 
 " patronised," commanding all the elements of prosperity — was found one 
 night in a gutter with a penny in his pocket. They conveyed him to the 
 Middlesex Hospital, and there he died. I knew him well from the beginning 
 to the close of his career. I knew also a landscape painter, the son of one 
 whose name is now among the most renowned of his order. I persuaded him 
 to take the pledge. He relapsed. I saw him reduced to the very dregs of 
 poverty, wretchedness, self-reproach, and shame : his accomplished wife in 
 rags— and despair. He died, I was told, in a madhouse. How many frightful 
 cases of the kind have come within my own knowledge ? Is there a single 
 artist who could not relate from sad experience some tale, such as this, of 
 an unhappy brother ? 
 
 " Over the lo7ie grave of the suicide." 
 
 " I think intoxication likely to be the cause of one half the inquests held." — 
 Mr. Wakley, Coroner for Middlesex. On another occasion he said: "Gin 
 may be thought the best friend I have : it causes me to hold annually 1,000
 
 44 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 
 
 inquests more than I should otherwise hold." A communication appeared in 
 the Liverpool Ulercttyy, from the Coroner's clerk in Liverpool, from which we 
 gather that " in seventeen out of every twenty inquests, drink has had more 
 or less to do with the cause of death." Dr. Browne, of the Crichton Asylum, 
 Dumfries, states that " of 222 cases of suicide taken as they came, at random, 
 158 sought death under the influence of drink." The mournful suicide of 
 the Earl of Delawarr is fresh in memory. " He is not said to have been 
 personally addicted to liquor, but his mind lost its balance and he destroyed 
 himself because of the death of the lady who was ' under his protection ;' and 
 the medical testimony to the cause of her death is strong and striking, ' She 
 was a great drinker ! ' " Such dismal facts as these arc to be found in nearly 
 every day's newspaper : " He was quite dead. He was very much addicted 
 to drinking ; in fact, he was hardly ever sober, and during the past three 
 months his habits had been, if possible, more intemperate than before." — 
 Deposition of the man who "cut him down." "The unfortunate gentleman 
 had been for some time past under medical treatment for deliruim tremens. 
 One of the servants, hearing a noise in the passage, went up-stairs and found 
 the captain lying on the floor weltering in blood, his head being close to the 
 street door." "Deceased was hanging from a hook in the ceiling. There 
 was a little child standing at the cellar-door as witness entered, but too 
 young to speak." The man was a drunkard, and was drunk when he passed 
 into eternity. 
 
 " What,'' exclaimed a bystander, gazing on the body of a suicide ; " "V\Tiat 
 did the man who sold him the gin get by this 'i Perhaps a shilling ! " 
 
 " Destroys the appetite fo?- meat and h'ead." 
 
 It would be easy to adduce proofs that total abstinence removes disease 
 and restores health ; that, however sudden may be the change from inebriety 
 to sobriet}^ it is attended by no danger. No evidence can be so conclusive as 
 that of the masters of workhouses and the chaplains and governors of jails ; 
 inasmuch as in workhouses and jails total abstinence is compulsory and 
 continuous. Hear what the masters of workhouses say ; I might quote a 
 hundred answers to the same effect given to the Canterbury Convocation : — 
 " I do not perceive that the inmates suffer in any way while in the work- 
 house from being total abstainers." " The change from excess to total absti- 
 nence which ensues on admission here, so far from being injurious, is highly 
 beneficial both to the mental and bodily health of those admitted." "The 
 health of paupers is greatly benefited by total abstinence from intoxicating 
 liquors ; in fact there can be no better proof of the benefits of total abstinence 
 than the healthy condition of paupers, compared with the health of the same 
 individuals when not in the house." And hear what the chaplains and 
 governors of prisons say : — " In the majority of instances, if you wish to pro- 
 long the life of a drunkard, send him to gaol,— which is, in every sense of the 
 terra, a temperance establishment,— and you will achieve your object." 
 " Teetotalism enables emaciated exhausted nature to revert to her original 
 robustness, and has here transformed the prematurely aged and enfeebled to 
 the healthfulness and activity of youth." "I never saw one prisoner injured 
 of his or her health by enforced abstinence, but the reverse. The women 
 often recover their former good looks, even if they looked ugly and hideous 
 on their admission."
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 45 
 
 *' Her Bible, her dear mother's parting gift" 
 
 Mrs. S. C. Hall, so long ago as 1840, worked this incident into a small tract.* 
 It is the record of an actual fact : the publican was so touched by the cir- 
 cumstance that he tore down the sign above his door, went down into his 
 cellar, broke all the bottles, took the bungs out of the barrels, and let the 
 contents flow into the sewer. He changed his public-house into a coffee- 
 house : his example spread, his precepts had weight, and he prospered. 
 
 " See him : he issues from the human sty." 
 
 "If I am asked to point out the great cause and encouragement of Intem- 
 perance, I have no hesitation in ascribing it to that most disastrous Act of 
 Parliament which set Beer-shops on foot. It has inflicted a terrible curse on 
 this country." "The Beer-houses as at present conducted are a social pest." 
 "The Beer-houses are an unmitigated nuisance." "The Act permitting 
 Beer-shops is here, and I think e\-erywhere, a curse." "Abolish Beer-houses, 
 the seats of Vice and Intemperance." — ^Rcport : Canterbury Convocation. 
 The late Chancellor Raikes on the Beer-shop Act : " He had seen its effects 
 spreading like a blight all through the country ; villages which formerly were 
 like the creations of romance had become the scenes of every evil." 
 
 " The dead wife on the floor P 
 
 Scarcely a day passes without the record of murder or attempted murder 
 such as that described. A few cases may be quoted. John Sibley murdered 
 his wife Jane, and then cut his own throat. Policeman found the cai-ving- 
 knife covered with blood. A neighbour deposed that " when he took to drink 
 he was a raving madman.'' Another neighbour stated that " latterly what 
 money he earned he spent in drink, and this poor woman, his wife, has sat 
 up for whole nights and dajs in succession, dressmaking, to find her children 
 in bread. In the depth of winter she has sat nearly naked, without a fire, 
 stitching, without a morsel in her lips for days together, purposely, so that her 
 children might have food. She would not touch intoxicating liquor her- 
 self, and being literally star\'ed and ill-treated was reduced to a mere 
 skeleton, but with a woman's fortitude lived, forgiving her sinning husband 
 day by day with the hope that some time he would reform." Take a case 
 
 from adiff'erent station in life: "Lady P , the wife of Sir II P , of 
 
 P , R shire, obtained a judicial separation from her husband and 
 
 ;^500 a year alimony. It appears that Sir H had contracted a habit of 
 
 drinking to excess, and was guilty of an extraordinary series of acts of cruelty 
 towards his wife, including setting his bull-dogs at her, and repeatedly beating 
 her, and firing pistols at her." In October, 1873, a ruffian was tried at 
 the Old Bailey. The details are too disgusting to reprint. " She had 
 been married to him nineteen years, and he had been given to drinking 
 all his life." Baron Alderson, in sentencing this fiend, observed that " a 
 man who indulged in drink might at any moment find himself at the bar 
 of a crimnial court." Address on the scaffold of George Driver, hanged at 
 
 * "The Drunkard's Bible," published among the Norwich Tracts (and by 
 several Societies! at the charge of Sixpence for a dozen copies. 
 
 G
 
 46 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 
 
 Chicago : " It was the poisonous drink that was in me that would not let me 
 see what I was doing. That day when I shot my wife I did not know what I 
 was doing till it was all over." This passage is extracted from an Irish paper : 
 " Calmly though terribly affected, he (Edward Walsh, hung for the murder 
 of his wife) ascended the scaffold ; and as he stood on the drop it was a 
 harrowing sight to behold; and oh ! what a lesson to the drunkard !" In the 
 year ending 2gth September, 1872, it appears from the Criminal Statistics that 
 out of the total number of fourteen capital sentences carried into execution, 
 ten were for the murder by men of their wives or of women with whom they 
 had cohabited. Of these ten cases, six were due directly and two presumably, 
 to drunkenness. To two cases of hanging for wife-murder in 1873, the Daiiy 
 Telegraph thus refers: "*** In both these instances ferocity had been 
 fostered, humanity stifled, the men's hearts hardened, and their lives shortened, 
 by drink." Well may the Poet Laureate write — 
 
 " When the vitriol madness flushes up in the ruflian's head. 
 Till the filthy by-lane rings with the }-ell of the trampled wife." ' 
 
 " His counsellor-, companion, friend, and ivife" 
 
 " Most husbands are what their wives make them. I believe much of the 
 wretchedness that arises from intemperance may be traced to the neglect of 
 home influence to procure ease, comfort, and respectability, and that very 
 often wives are responsible for the issue — to God, if not to man. Has care 
 been taken to lighten toil bj' the minute but numberless thoughts that bring 
 sunshine into even the humblest and poorest household ? Have the clothes 
 been mended so as to keep out the rain when at work ? Is the small fire- 
 place bright, although rigid economy may be needful ? Are the slippers 
 ready to replace the boots that mount the staircase muddied .' Were the 
 children tidy and clean before they were put to rest ? Is the kettle singing 
 on the hob ? Has the wife a word of greeting and a smile of welcome ? 
 Is there a book beside the table — is ' f/ie Book ' there ? Into such a 
 household be sure the demon of drink will rarely enter ! From such a 
 home evil spirits will have no power to wile away the husband. Let us 
 contemplate the reverse of the picture. Do we not know houses where the 
 wife is a slattern, who rarely mends her clothes, and does not often use 
 water; who is seldom occupied in any home duties; who spends her time 
 in gossip, and wastes the day from sunrise to sunset, doing only what mus/ 
 be done; who hears her husband stalk up the stairs, ani has no loving 
 welcome — nothing to cheer him after his hard day's work but the bare food, 
 without the condiments of pleasant words and sweet smiles .' The wet 
 towels are on the chair before the dull fire ; there is no dry coat to re- 
 place that which the rain has soddened; no change of shoes in the stead of 
 those that are heavy with the mud of labour ; if the children are yet awake 
 they are peevish and fretful. Dear women friends, low and high, humble or 
 elevated — for the lesson I desire you to read applies to the one just as much 
 as it does to the other, to the mansion as to the cottage, to the costly 
 ' suite ' as to the single room — ponder over these things ! Think how much 
 is in your power to wile the husband from the club and the beershop. How 
 terrible is your responsibility, for soul and for body, if you neglect such duties 
 as make men sober, stead}', domestic, industrious, and religious — if j-ou 
 encourage habits, the inevitable consequence of which will be, to send men
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 47 
 
 out of their homes to seek enjoyments in which you not only Lave no share, 
 but which deprive you of those you might have, and peril all that most con- 
 tributes to the good of society, the happiness of mankind, and the high and 
 holy purposes of God !" — "Building a House with a Tea-cup:" a Penny 
 Tract. By Mrs. S. C. Hall. Partridge and Co., 9, Paternoster Row. 
 
 The evil is by no means limited to the humbler classes ; most of us could 
 point to " Lordly Halls " where it exists. I have grieved when I heard (I 
 have often heard) the lady of one of the greatest men of our age say to her 
 husband, " O, Edward, I wish you would dine at your club to-day." Alas ! 
 a time came when he seldom went home at all ; and, at length, never. They 
 were " separated." It is a sad story and I cannot tell it. But in the stately 
 
 mausoleum at there lies one who could. There are mansions in 
 
 Belgravia, as there are bouses in Whitechapel, where woman's influence, 
 neglected or misdirected, leads to wretchedness, degradation, and vice. 
 
 " He blights the coj-ti before it reach the ear" 
 
 " It appears that in many parts of the country the evil begins at the 
 earliest age, and that youths and children may be found amongst its victims ; 
 and thus the physical, moral, and spiritual life of our people becomes infected 
 at its source." "The ages of this band of juvenile drunkards range from 
 under twelve years to twenty-one, among whom arc 25 girls and 32 boys 
 from fourteen to sixteen years old. These youthful inebriates are probably 
 for the most part sons and daughters of cither living or dead drunkards. 
 The public-house thus blights two generations at once. " I saw a boy of 
 ten or twelve years old, who works at a paper mill, staggering about the fields 
 — he was drunk." " As soon as they earn wages the boys get beer." " Lads 
 of nine and ten begin to frequent public houses with their parents." — Report : 
 Canterbury Convocation. "I know," said Archbishop Manning, "there 
 are boys and girls of twelve who are beginning to be drinkers of spirits." 
 The Rev. Henry Berken, of the Forest of Dean, deposed that he had seen 
 boys of twelve years old staggering home, from the public-house, drunk. 
 
 " He prays to be delivered from the stiare." 
 
 I hazard the assertion that if the proposal to close public-houses were left 
 to the decision of drunkards they would be shut up — if, that is to say, the votes 
 were given when the brain-madness had passed off. If the votes of two- 
 thirds of the ratepayers arc taken under the Permissive Bill, many drunkards 
 will be found among the voters. They cannot resist temptation that lures 
 them as they pass from labour to their homes, but would do so if they had 
 to go some distance for drink — and be thankful I The evidence of many 
 drunkards has been supplied on that head, and it is conclusive.* 
 
 * .Scghill is a Northumberland colliery village, eight miles north of Ncw- 
 castle-on-Tync, and contains a population of about two thousand. The 
 houses all belong to the colliery owners, including the two licensed public- 
 houses, which arc by far the largest and best in the place. The opinions of 
 the miners above 21 years of age on the desirability ot closing the two houses 
 were taken by eight miners. AVhen the voting-papers vccre gathered in, it was 
 found that 505 names were attached, divided as follows : — For closing, 433 ; 
 against closing, 55; neutral, 17. The result was sent to the owners, who 
 immediately gave the publicans notice to quit.
 
 48 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 
 
 " Suggestive pri7its adorn the paper' d walls" 
 
 There are few temperance homes without engravings on the walls — em- 
 phatic teachers and eloquent preachers. " The British Workman," for one 
 penny, gives such as are of unsurpassed excellence in drawing and engraving. 
 Mr. Smithies has thus laid foundations of incalculable value ; and the Reli- 
 gious Tract Society has issued a series of cottage prints, so good that the 
 stateliest mansions cannot procure better. 
 
 " No better men when sober, drunk none worse." 
 
 Intemperance in the army is a grievous blot on the service. There are 
 small fines for drunkenness," the proceeds to be given to "well-conducted 
 non-commissioned officers and men, on discharge from the army." In 
 the year 1869-70, the drunkards paid not less than ;^i3,262 14s. 3d. ; yet 
 only ;^22 OS. iid. were disbursed by way of rewards for good conduct ! 
 In 1870-71, however, the disproportion, though still very great, is less 
 startling. 5^17,904 5s. 8d. were paid by drunkards; ;^i,S2o 6s. iid. were 
 disbursed to sober and well-conducted men. In 1871-72, the Drunkards' 
 Fund shows a decided increase; ;{^2i,io6 os. 2d. were paid by them, 
 and £5,861 2S. 5d. were distributed among the sober possessors of good- 
 conduct badges. But it is admitted on all hands that while canteens are 
 sanctioned within barracks, drunkenness is inevitable. The system of recruit- 
 ing, too, is a powerful helper to vice. Mr. Godley, Under-Secretary at 
 War: — "I consider the way in which recruits are obtained to be both dis- 
 creditable and immoral." Another authority stated that "the whole of the 
 bounty- money is not merely pure waste. It is, in fact, a curse, and not a 
 boon to the soldier, being almost invariably spent in riot and debauchery." 
 It is, however, gratifying to know that, mainly through the instrumentality of 
 one of God's missionaries, a good lady (Miss Robinson), Regimental Tem- 
 perance Societies, in association with the National Temperance League, 
 exist in 140 regiments, into which 7,730 total abstainers have been enrolled. 
 Sailors, too, are provided daily with rum as part of their rations, not in much 
 strength or in large quantities, it is true, but sufficient to nurse their love for 
 it, and render them weak and depraved drunkards when they get on shore ; 
 and here, another good lady (Miss Weston) is also doing God's work, es- 
 pecially among the 34,289 seamen marines and boys that form our naval 
 service. The admirable lady, Miss Nightingale, writing of the Crimea, 
 grieves over the sight she often saw — of men not maimed in battle, but 
 defaced by a foe more dreadful and deadly than the Russian or the plague. 
 That soldiers and sailors can do, and are expected to do, without liquor, is 
 proved by the results of the expedition to South Africa. " No spirit ration 
 will be issued, except on the requisition of the medical officers." " We are 
 told that in 1864 about four hundred sailors and marines were landed from 
 the Rattlesnake, and remained on shore for four months, with the loss of only 
 two men. The grog-shops of the station were then closed by martial 
 
 law Their field flasks were filled with cold coffee, and no spirits 
 
 were allowed to be issued on the march." " No spirit ration means no crime ; 
 from the absence of liquor, no troops can have been healthier." — Narrative 
 of the Red River Expedition.
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 49 
 
 " The children are in bed." 
 
 I have pictured the drunkard's children : it is needless to picture 
 those of Temperance men and women. Something I should have said, 
 however, of the Bands of Hope and Juvenile Templars. Perhaps 
 there are 500,000 children who have been total abstainers all their lives, 
 and by far the majority, if not all, will be so as long as they live. 
 It is impossible to overrate the value of this grand movement— they are 
 emphatically the Future. A bare list of these " societies " would 
 occupy some pages of this book. They are earnestly guided and governed, 
 morally and religiously taught, and will grow up to be the blessings, not 
 only of their own homes, but of the world — as far as their influence can 
 extend in it.* It should be known that when a child seeks to enlist in this arm\-, 
 he must obtain the written consent of one or both parents ; and the "pledge" 
 is, generally, only this : " I hereby promise to abstain from all intoxicating 
 drinks as beverages." Good Mr. T. 1?. Smithies told this anecdote at a 
 public meeting. " It is my rule not to give the pledge to young boys and 
 girls without the consent of the father. Two boys came to me without such 
 consent. I sent them away to get it. By one it was brought ; the other 
 brought a letter from his father saying he would on no account let his son be 
 a teetotaler. Many years afterwards I saw the parents of both these boys. 
 One had died of delirium tremens; the other had been just taken into part- 
 nership by the master to whom he was apprenticed." God bless these Rands of 
 Hope and Juvenile Templars ; and God will bless them — with vigour and 
 health, in manhood and womanhood -boons they will transmit to children ; 
 and in age, with comfort, prosperity, and self-respect, safe and sure in pre- 
 paration for the Hereafter ; for 
 
 " In their youth they never did apply 
 Hot and rebellious liquors to their blood ; 
 Nor did not with unbashful forehead woo 
 The means of weakness and debility." 
 
 " Fro7Jt gay saloons they come /" 
 
 Any passer-by may look into one of them and confirm what is said by a 
 hundred witnesses. " In some the songs and singers were too disgusting to bo 
 dangerous : in others it was very different." " The songs were highly spiced 
 with licentious hints, which were applauded by a mixed audience of both 
 sexes." " It was painful to witness that the nearer the approacli to licen- 
 tiousness the louder grew the applause." — Canterbury Convocation Report. 
 
 " To ajty church; it little matters where." 
 
 If the " call " is to any class, it is surely a call to the ministers of re- 
 ligion. They have indeed largely responded to it. Rut while the enemy of God 
 and man, thepublic-house, is the hourly tempter (on the Sabbath even more than 
 
 • The United Kingdom Band of Hope Union sold or circulated during the 
 year 1872—3 the prodigious number of 244,203 publications intended and cal- 
 culated for the young, but including 64,654 "pledge cards."
 
 so ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 
 
 on other days) their efforts must be comparatively futile. This declaration was 
 signed by 3,000 ministers of the gospel ; and no doubt many other thousands have 
 signed it in intention : " We, the undersigned, ministers of the gospel, are con- 
 vinced by personal observation within our own sphere, and authentic testimony 
 from beyond it, that the traffic in. intoxicating liquors as drink for man is the 
 immediate cause of most of the crime and pauperism, and much of the disease 
 and insanity that afflict the land ; that ever)rwhere, and in proportion to its 
 prevalence, it deteriorates the moral character of the people, and is the chief 
 oiititiard obstruction to the progress of the gospel y This is the declaration of 
 Archbishop Manning : " I protest not upon theory, but by the experience of 
 long years — I may now say of a long life — that the moral and religious labour 
 of us all will not suffice to save men from drunkenness while the Legislature 
 studiously, year by year, multiplies profusely the temptations to drink." " The 
 clergy everywhere, but in our large towns especially, are discouraged, cast down , 
 almost driven to despair, through the universal prevalence of the vice 
 (of drinking), and the temptations that are multiplied for its encourage- 
 ment, on every hand, under the protection of law ; it thwarts, defeats, and 
 nullifies their Christian schemes and philanthropic efforts to such an extent 
 that it is becoming a matter of grave question whether infidelity, religious indif- 
 ference, and social demoralisation are not making head against us in defiance of 
 all our churches, our clergy, our Scripture readers, and our schools." — Canter- 
 bury Convocation. One witness gives as the result of an inquiry extending over 
 six successive Sundays, and including visits to 1,456 spirit-vaults, beer-houses, 
 and public-houses, in Manchester, " that they had on a single Sunday 212,243 
 visitors; and that 22,232 of the calls were by children, some of whom went to 
 drink on their own account, some to fetch drink, and some were bad cha- 
 racters.' "The crusade in which you are engaged is so important and so 
 sacred, that it must attract to its standard all true, noble, and generous 
 souls — of whatever creed, class, party, or sect. It is a work for God, for 
 humanity, and for eternity; and, in spite of all difficulties, it must and will 
 go forward. Christianity, civilisation, and civil government must fail in the 
 accomplishment of their objects, so far and so long as the liquor traffic, and 
 its inevitable results of pauperism, vice, crime, insanity, and brutality, are 
 permitted to exist under the sanction of law." — United Kingdom Alliance 
 Report. The Earl of Shaftesbury recently said — having previouslj' expressed 
 his apprehension at the growing pauperism and criminality of a large section 
 of the community, at the very time when political changes are putting the 
 destinies of the nation more than ever under the control of the great mass of 
 the people : — " Your only security is to gi\e the people of this country a deep 
 SENSE OP THEIR RESPONSIBILITY. If there is one thing more than another 
 which elevates a working-man, as a citizen of this world and an aspirant to 
 be a citizen of the next, it is the sentiment and the conviction of the respon 
 sibility that he owes to man here, and to God hereafter." 
 
 " All strikes, by ivhich the hands direct the head." 
 
 " I need not draw upon fancy to picture the terrible evils that arise from 
 ' strikes ;' I have witnessed them. Some years ago, I saw in Northumberland 
 many hundreds, I believe thousands, of men, women, and children camping 
 out under the miserable shelter of hedges and ditches, enduring an almost
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 51 
 
 incredible amount of suffering and want; years of hard toil could not have 
 restored them to the state in which they were, previous to futile sacrifices ; it 
 was ruin to the employers in many cases ; but that ruin inferred a long-con- 
 tinued wretchedness to whole families of the employed 1 will take a 
 
 single case, because it has come within my own knowledge. A skilled 
 mechanic married a good, industrious, and well-reared, maiden, with whom he 
 had a small fortune. The money was properly expended in providing a home 
 replete with comfort — approaching, indeed, to what ma)' be called a quiet 
 elegance. It was to the full appreciated : the home was a home of happiness. 
 But alas ! the strike came. Aid to such a dwelling from the coTnniMees was 
 out of the question. One by one, articles of furniture went ; there was hunger 
 in the home. Privations were at length so obvious, that relief was accorded — 
 doled out grudgingly, insignificant in amount, but sufficient to di^%troy a sense 
 of independence ; it was the ^xtizxice forced from other tnechanics, as wretched, 
 or nearly so, as the one who was relieved. He would gladly have gone to 
 work; the pale face and sunken eyes of his young wife were reproaches hard 
 to bear ; but there was a power that forbade it ; he submitted to so despotic a 
 dictation— so abject a slavery— snch as any workman would have been justified 
 in resisting to the utmost if inflicted by an employer." — " Thanksgiving : 
 27th February, 1872." Beaumont Institution Prize Essay, by Mrs. S. C. Hall. 
 
 " WJiere Commune outcasts cog the mental dice." 
 
 "The International Society" — " iniquitous association" — was brought, by 
 Mr. Baillie Cochrane, under the notice of the House of Commons. " Their 
 principles," he stated, " struck at the root of all morality, of all civilisation, of 
 all the rights of property, and of all belief in God." And lie proved the case by 
 unquestionable evidence. They were styled " a band of miscreants " by another 
 member of Parliament. Yet they are permitted to work their wicked will un- 
 checked, in the only country of the world where they could do so in personal 
 safety, and which they are labouring to destroy as a constitutional monarchj'. 
 Surely it may be said, — 
 
 " Of all such evil men the direst foe, 
 The dreaded most, is Temperance." 
 
 " The means to sadden, sicken, and degraded 
 
 The idea that wine, spirits, and beer are to be classed among the good things 
 given of God for the enjoyment of man is exploded by science as well as 
 experience. " Alcohol can in no sense be regarded as a good creature of God ;" 
 it is an artificial, not a natural product — " a product of fermentation, a.neduct 
 of distillation;" in the process, the primitive character of the grape and the 
 grain undergoes an entire change. It is a gross slander to describe alcohol 
 as a production of Nature ; " alcohol does not exist in plants, but is a product 
 of vinous fermentation." "Alcoholic liquors are no more found in creation 
 than pistols and powder, bullets and bowie-knives." Intemperance, " for 
 whose license the authority of Holy Writ is blasphemously pleaded by the 
 deluded victims." The Bible continually exhibits the evils of the use of 
 strong drinks. A volume of comments on 700 illustrative texts has been 
 published by Dr. F. R. Lees and the Rev. Dawson Burns. " Its execution 
 shows accuracy, conscientiousness, and fidelity." It sets before us the whole
 
 52 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 
 
 matter. A Temperance Hospital has been recently established in London. 
 Alcohol is not necessarily excluded, neither is strychnine, but the one is con- 
 sidered a poison as much as the other, and is treated accordingly. 
 
 '' And put the night-lamp underneath his bed." 
 
 This is no fancy— the circumstance actually occurred : the case is well 
 known. A group of houses in the Temple was thus burnt down, by an 
 eminent lawyer of rank. 
 
 " Is he responsible for lives and souls ?" 
 
 " Where, in the eye of Eternal Justice, is the difference between him who 
 strikes the blow of death and him who knowingly maddens the brain, and 
 tempts and fires the soul to strike it?"— Report American Temperance 
 -Society. " He was satisfied that every manufactory for spirits was a manu- 
 factory of poison ; that every spirit-store was a magazine of death ; and 
 that every pers m who was concerned in the trade of making or selling 
 spirits was a distributor of disease and death."— Judge Crampton. "I 
 know that the cup is poisoned : I know that it may cause death : that 
 it may lead to crime— to the tortures of everlasting remorse. Am I not 
 then a murderer -worse than a murderer— as much worse, as the soul is better 
 than the body .>"— Rev. Dr. Beecher at Boston. " If any man has priority of 
 claim to a share in this work of death it is the manufacturer."— Rev. Dr. 
 Fiske. A distinguished gentleman from one of the cities of America writes :— 
 " Distillers, retailers, and drunkards are culprits here in the eyes of all sober 
 men. The remark is now common that it is as wicked to kill a man by one 
 kind of poison as by another : he who does it in any way is, in the sight of 
 God, a murderer, and will be held responsible at His tribunal. The difference 
 between death by simple poison and death by habitual intoxication may extend 
 to the whole difference between everlasting happiness and eternal misery." 
 
 " Humbler toilers in the hive of men." 
 
 Dr. Carpenter, speaking at the British Association (Bradford, 1873), strongly 
 advocated the policy— the necessity— of "making temperance attractive," to 
 raise the status of the artisan by providing for him places of entertainment, 
 from which unhealthy stimulants are excluded. " They should establish clubs, 
 and have in them a series of entertainments, concerts, &c., besides rooms 
 for various games, such as dominoes, chess, draughts, bagatelle." This 
 is to some extent done: but partially, however; with few exceptions, the 
 Temperance Hotels, contrast strongly in their depressing gloom with 
 the glaring lights and hearty voices of "the Palace" opposite. Tem- 
 perance coffee-houses are little better. There is in all I have seen a sad 
 lack of the means by which to obtain cheerful repose and recreation after 
 labour. The Bishop of Exeter, at a meeting in Exeter of the Church Tem- 
 perance Society, said :— " Another thing at which the society should aim was 
 to provide counter attractions to the public-house, in the shape of places of 
 wholesome recreation and innocent, sober, enjoyment." The Canterbury 
 Convocation prints nearly a hundred " intreaties " for aid on this head. We 
 cannot indeed, as one of their advisers counsels us to do, "destroy all courts 
 and alleys, as most of them are hotbeds of wickedness ; " but we can establish
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 53 
 
 close to them coffee-rooms and halls for wholesome recreation and healthy 
 enjoyment. We believe temperance advocates, aware of the necessity, 
 are establishing- " public-houses without intoxicating drinks," — to be open 
 at all hours — "workmen's clubs," &c. ; and, while the evil is gradually 
 diminishing, especial care must be taken that the interests of women shall 
 be protected, and iheir means of relaxation provided for, as well as those 
 of the children. Selfish pleasures only induce self-reproach. 
 
 " Were brought in with dessert to have their glass P 
 
 "The injurous habit of tippling may be traced to a variety of causes. It 
 often originates in early life, even during the days of childhood. The perni- 
 cious practice of permitting or encouraging young children to " sip a little 
 wine" out of their father's or mother's glass during the hour of dinner, is a 
 mistaken act of kindness, and cannot be too highly condemned."— Forbes 
 Winslow, M.D. 
 
 " Of men who rise to rank by toil and care" 
 
 The newspapers have fully informed the public concerning " the Shaftesbury 
 Park Estate," which provides for working men and their families homes 
 replete with every possible comfort — in houses that each occupant may (as 
 many of them have done) make his own. There will be no public-house on 
 the estate : if men wiil ha.vc drink, they must go some distance to get it; and 
 that, which is considered shameful, will be known to all his neighbours. This 
 is but the beginning of a movement that, we trust, will be imitated in the 
 vicinity of every large town of the Kingdom. It is impossible to over-calculate 
 the immense benefits that must hence accrue ; the good Earl of -Shaftesbury 
 (to whom society owes a debt of gratitude that can never be overpaid) may live 
 to see a hundred such " workmen's cities " in these Kingdoms. May God 
 prolong the life of him whose life has been devoted to the work of God for 
 the well-doing and well-being of man. 
 
 I am reminded of a story told to me by William Chambers. He met in 
 London a man who had been in his employ. After greeting him, he said : 
 " Wei!, Tom, and are you a Chartist now?" This was his answer: "Oh, 
 n(i ; I've got two houses! " 
 
 " That witness is a scholar." 
 
 Education has been prescribed by many state-physicians as the cure for 
 drunkenness ; but that education is ineffectual is, unhappily, too clearly and 
 certainly proved. Passing over the dismal fact that some of the best and 
 ripest scholars of the age, men of the largest intellectual capacity, of the 
 loftiest genius, have been drunkards (I could give a hundred names — all 
 famous), the answers to the Canterbury Convocation conclusively show that 
 the victims of intemperance are by no means only the ignorant ; the evidence 
 of jailers, workhouse governors, clergymen, and Sunday-school teachers, sup- 
 plies an awful list of educated men who are the "best" customers of " the 
 licensed victualler," and the worst examples in parishes of which they arc the 
 pests. / resist temptation to enter into this subject at sweater length. 
 
 H
 
 54 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 
 
 " And yet he loathes the foe that conquers him!' 
 
 For those who can restrain, all 7nay be safe and well. Those who cannot 
 /«?«/ refrain; there is no other course but to avoid stimulants altogether — 
 neither to take nor touch "the accursed thing." Thaddeus Stevens — " the great 
 Commoner,'' (of the United States) as he was termed — bequeathed a large 
 fortune to his nephew on the sole condition that he was, during five years, to 
 abstain from all intoxicating drinks, otherwise his enormous wealth was to 
 erect and endow a house of refuge for homeless and indigent orphans. The 
 orphanage has been erected and endowed. " The nephew is a confirmed 
 drunkard." I knew a wealthy gentleman at Bath who paid a poor gentleman 
 a handsome salary, upon the sole condition that he was to keep him from 
 drink — the income to cease if he suffered him to "take a drop." Yet he 
 deceived his guard, and died of delirium tremens. The simple way was 
 this : a barber came every morning to shave him, and under his waistcoat he 
 carried a bottle of brandy, which he exchanged for an empty bottle, taken 
 from under the waistcoat of the gentleman. That brandy he drank at night, 
 the only time when his guard was not in his presence. 
 
 " No man," says an eminent physician, " who has taken only a single glass 
 has all his faculties in as perfect a state as the man who has taken none." 
 
 " ' Tiuas social custom — an insidious foe" 
 
 The great and good Dr. Channing has said of intemperance, that " the 
 danger of this vice lies in its almost imperceptible approach. It comes with 
 noiseless steps, and binds the first cords ■with a touch too light to be felt" 
 but, alas! which operates to a fatal end— though "the man of thought and 
 genius detects no palsying poison in the draught which seems a spring of 
 inspiration to intellect and imagination." ElihuBurritt remarks : — "Not one 
 that ever perished in its depths reached it at one bound. Custom ! not any 
 innate or instinctive thirst for inebriating drinks in the victims themselves at 
 the beginning, but custom." " The cup, which was at first carelessly sipped 
 as a matter of courtesy, or in conformity with custom, is soon quaffed with 
 the eager relish of importunate appetite ; and the harmless exhilaration 
 which occasionally surprised a man in the unguarded moments of social glee, 
 has been repeated and prolonged into a habit." — Joshua B. Flint, M.D. 
 
 " Beat her small maid who said she liked champagne" 
 
 A volume might be written on the text I copy from the Practitioner, 1871 ; 
 " the proposal to do away, entirely or for the greater part, with the provision 
 of alcoholic drinks at evening parties for women." It is a heavy grief to 
 know that " drinking customs " are terrible temptations to ladies, in society 
 and in comparative secrecy at home — habit seetns to beget impunity, but the 
 penalty is of a surety paid. Not long ago, I saw at a dinner-party, a lady 
 drink five glasses of champagne, besides sherry ; she did not appear at all 
 ashamed of the act — perhaps was not aware of what she was doing. Not 
 only in England, but in other countries the vice is growing. Dr. Wilks, 
 physician to Guy's Hospital, writes this : "That diabolical compound styled 
 absinthe is ruining the bodies and souls of many ladies in France." "Some 
 time ago, I was called to visit a woman whom I was obliged to pronounce a
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 55 
 
 confirmed maniac, and to order her removal to an asylum. Her friends then 
 told me that she never touched spirits until the doctor ordered her to take 
 brandy, which she soon learned to love too well, and which first produced 
 dyspeptic sj-mptoms, and has gradually brought on lowness of spirits, 
 melancholy, and mania." — T. P. Lucas, M.D. I knew a lady in whose closet, 
 after her death, was found a large boxfull of emptied eau-de-cologne bottles. 
 Bakers, as well as grocers, are now frequently selling wine, and it is common 
 for ladies to go in, buy a bun, and drink one, two, or three glasses. 
 
 " But who are they that throtigh the window peep ?" 
 
 The picture is under-drawn by the accomplished artist, P. R. Morris, 
 but it is from the life. A ramble through any London street, when mid- 
 night is drawing near, will show pictures infinitely more shocking. How 
 many of the miserable waiters and watchers go home hungry to hungry chil- 
 dren — to " rest " in a filthy room without a bed ! The " portly landlord " has 
 it, and their clothing and their food. The sad theme has been forcibly illus- 
 trated by Mrs. Henry Wood, in her admirable and valuable story, " Danes- 
 bury House" — the prize story of the Scottish Temperance League — of which, 
 I understand, 145,000 copies have been sold. 
 
 " Lookmg for father ! that the artist saw ! " 
 
 Many have watched the door of a public-house at midnight, and witnessed 
 scenes such as that the arti»t saw and painted. I heard this anecdote : A 
 little girl of three years old was lost in one of the streets of London. She 
 could not tell her name or where she lived ; and while the bystanders were 
 puzzled what to do, there came up another little girl who said, " Ask her 
 where she gets her daddy's beer?" That question she answered, and she 
 was recognised and taken home. " It is not a rare occurrence on Monday 
 morning for two or three little children to be seen at the door of the house of 
 their father's master asking whether ' father is at work to-day,' and it would 
 melt the heart of any man with a particle of pity in him to see the look of 
 distress on the poor little bairnies' faces as they turn away, sad and sick at 
 heart, when they are told that he is not, for they know full well what that 
 answer means for them." — J?ev. y. J. M. Perry, M.A. 
 
 " Who give 2is fountains in the public way." 
 
 Few modern improvements have had more salutary influence to diminish 
 drunkenness .than the fountains that grace so many leading thoroughfares in all 
 large cities and great towns. They are grand helpers in the work that " has 
 to be done." The world knows for how much of this boon to humanity it is 
 indebted to the benevolence and beneficence of the Baroness Burdctt Coutts, 
 for whose thoughtful mind and generous heart nothing seems too large and 
 nothing too small — that may " do good and distribute." Women have been 
 foremost in this work of mercy; it is to women, of the several grades in 
 society, from the high in rank to the humble in position, we are indebted for 
 many of the practical benefits associated with the Temperance cause. I mi>;l.t 
 print a very long list of those who have been and are in this way ulhssi.nos.
 
 56 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 
 
 "Sells to the greedy piiblicanP 
 
 The publicans — who have only of late years adopted the more euphonious 
 title of " licensed victuallers " — seek to remove " the grievances of the Licens- 
 ing Act of 1872." They aim to keep open houses all over the country from five 
 A.M. to twelve P.M.* — nineteen hours of the twenty-four — and are willing on 
 Sabb.^ths, and "such like days," to close for some part of the day, and shut 
 up at eleven o'clock. But they claim that "^K^'.y/.j" and '^ travellers"' shall 
 be supplied with drink at any hour ! They are dead set against all attempts 
 to secure a thorough inspection of their business, with efficient penalties where 
 the law is broken. They cling to a monopoly, yet violently denounce every effort 
 to conserve public sobriety. They assume the position of benefactors and not 
 culprits ; that their dealings are blessings and not curses ; and they claim not 
 onl}' the protection but the fosterage of the State. " God, the righteous 
 Judge, shall judge!" "The best defence of the Act of 1872 is that it has 
 been found, in practice, to work well, and has been tolerably successful 
 in attaining the results at which it aimed. It has succeeded in diminishing 
 the amount of actual drunkenness, and of the public riot and disorder with 
 which the vice is generally accompanied. The experience of most Londoners 
 will agree with the unanimous testimony of the Metropolitan Police Reports 
 in favour of the new restrictions." — T^i'/wf?.?, December 17th, 1873. "From 
 returns just presented to our Society by the superintendents of the police 
 throughout England and Wales, it appears that the Act of 1872, hy which the 
 hours of opening and closing public-houses were shortened, and a discre- 
 tionary power of further restriction given to the local authorities, has been 
 a.\rea.Ay productive of great benejif. Of 125 returns, no speak unhesitatingly 
 as to the favourable results, desiring the Act to be maintained, and, in many 
 instances, with further restrictions ; only thirteen decline to give an opinion, 
 and none condemn the Act." — Address : Church of England Temp. Soc. 
 
 " The issues of vice traffic" 
 
 It will not be denied that there are some kinds of traffic that society claims 
 the right to interfere with and prevent; children are not permitted to work 
 beyond fixed hours ; education has been made compulsory : so has vaccination ; 
 unwholesome graveyards have been closed up ; the infectious diseases bill is 
 one to which reluctant assent is given by man}-; gambling is under certain restric- 
 tions ; lotteries at one time contributed largely to the revenue, and their abolition 
 was sternly resisted by great statesmen on financial grounds ; our fathers can 
 remember the time when negro slaves were publicly bought and sold in 
 England. I might refer to other cases of a similar kind, such as Mr. Martin's 
 Act to Abolish Cruelty to Animals, the Act for the Suppression of Betting 
 Houses, Lord Campbell's Act to put down the Sale of Obscene Books and 
 Pictures, and several others, all of which were regarded as infringing upon the 
 liberties of the people. + But, in fact, upon this very subject — the Liquor Traffic 
 Parliament has legislated, it has curtailed the hours at which drink may be 
 
 * That is now done in London ; in the Provinces, in Ireland, in .Scotland, and 
 in Wales, the hour for closing by law is eleven, and in some parts it is ten. 
 
 + The man who sells indecent publications argues that people are not com- 
 pelled to enter his shop ; they are free agents to buy as he is to sell. Yet he 
 is condemned to fine and imprisonment. The law takes this narrow view of 
 the case : You z'end flint ivhich is injurious to yoi/r neighbour.
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 57 
 
 sold by "licensed victuallers 1" their " liberty," and tbat of their customers, 
 has been " outraged." That is surely as much an interference with freedom 
 of action on the one part and "vested interests" on the other, as it would 
 have been if in legislating the Legislature had decreed that not only should 
 no liquor be sold after the hour of eleven at night, but during any hour of the 
 twenty-four. 
 
 " Punish the men who make and sell the drink." 
 
 There are weighty authoritibs for the opinion not only that " what is 
 morally wrong cannot be financially right," but that the Legislature may, and 
 is bound to, prevent that which is prejudicial to the many though beneficial to 
 the few. Thus writes one of the earliest, Vattel : — " Let Government banish 
 from the State whatever is fitted only to corrupt the morals of the 
 people." ^ ( Fa//«/, lib. i. chap. xi. sect. 165.) And thus spoke Lord 
 Macaulay (Discussion on the Ten Hours' Bill) : — " There is a great deal 
 of trade which cannot be looked upon merely as traffic, which affects higher 
 than pecuniary interests ; and to say that Government ought only to regu- 
 late such trades is a monstrous proposition from which Adam Smith would 
 have shrunk with horror. Higher than pecuniary interests are at stake 
 here. It concerns the commonwealth that the great body of the people 
 should not live in a way that makes life wretched and short, which enfeebles 
 the body and pollutes the mind. It must be admitted that where health or 
 morality arc concerned, we are justified in interfering with the contracts of 
 individuals." This passage is from the Edinburgh Review (Mr. Conybeare), 
 July, 1854 : — " Society may put down what is dangerous to itself — sahts 
 populi suprenia lex. Any trade, employment, or use of property detrimental 
 to the life, health, or order, of the people is, by English law, a public nuisance ; 
 and, in suppressing it, the State assumes the right of sacrificing private 
 interests to the public good. And this not only when the detriment is phy- 
 sical or economical, but also when it is moral Now the liquor traffic, 
 
 and particularly the retail branch of it, is a public nuisance in all these 
 respects — physically, economically, and morally." I may quote one more 
 authority — the Duke of Argyll — (" The Reign of I/aw") : " Proposals for legis- 
 lative interference, with a view to arrest some of the most frightful evils of 
 society, are still constantly opposed, not by careful analysis of their tendency, 
 but by general assertions of national law as opposed to all legislation of the 
 kind. ' You cannot make men mo)al by act of Parliament' such is a common 
 enunciation of principle, whicli, like many others of the same kind, is in one 
 sense a truism, and in every other sense a fallacy. It is true that neither 
 wealth nor health, nor kindness, nor morality can be given by act of Parlia- 
 ment. But it is also true that the acquisition of one ani] of all of these can 
 be impeded and prevented by bad laws, as well as aided and encouraged by 
 wise and appropriate legislation." And from the Times (1853) I quote this 
 memorable passage : — " No way so rapid to increase the wealth of nations 
 and the morality of society could be devised as the uttbr annihilation of 
 the manufacture of ardent spirits, constituting as they do an infinite waste and 
 an unmixed evil." " The Maine Liquor Law" has been tlie subject of much 
 comment : to enter upon it fully here would occupy more space than lean give. 
 To say it is a failure is to say what is utterly false. This is a summary of the 
 "Failure" in Massachusetts and other States : — "Drunkenness rapidly dinii-
 
 58 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 
 
 nished ; disorder disappeared ; almshouses desolate ; houses of correction and 
 jails thinly inhabited or entirely closed: while external signs of moral and 
 social prosperity are everywhere visible."* 
 
 But evidence nearer home is to be obtained in abundance. The Report of 
 the Canterbury Convocation informs us that in the province of Canterbury 
 there are upwards of 1,000 parishes " in which there is neither public-house nor 
 beer-shop." Conclusive testimony is given by the answers of all classes of 
 people to questions on that head. I append only one of them :— 
 
 " In consequence of the absence of these inducements to crime and 
 pauperism — according to the evidence before the committee — the intelligence, 
 morality, and comfort of the people are such as the friends of Temperance 
 would have anticipated." 
 
 But the Province of Canterbury is by no means the only witness, in either 
 England, Scotland, or Ireland, where the experiment of rejecting drinking 
 houses has been tried : and of the happy and blessed results there is abundant, 
 conclusive, and convincing evidence. " Bessbrook is an Irish manufacturing 
 town near Newry. Its principal founder, and now sole proprietor, is J. G. 
 Richardson, a leading member of the Society of Friends. That gentleman, with 
 one or two other 'Friends,' founded the Bessbrook Spinning Company, and 
 erected there the Bessbrook Mills. The factory has grown so large that it 
 gives employment to 3,000 hands, most of whom reside in the neighbourhood 
 of the Works. In Bessbrook there is no licensed public-house, nor is there 
 one in any of its surrounding lands. There are no police in the place. 
 There is no drunkenness in Bessbrook ; no quarrelling ; no theft; no crime — 
 in short, the opet-atives are models of sobriety and good order" 
 
 And Lord Claud Hamilton has described a district, also in Ireland, in- 
 habited by 10,000 people, in the county of Tyrone, in which there are no 
 public-houses, entirely owing to the action of the landowners. The result 
 has been that " whereas those high roads were in former times constant scenes 
 of strife and drunkenness, necessitating the presence of a very considerable 
 number of police to be located in the district, at present there is not a single 
 policeman in that district, the poor-rates are half what they were before, and 
 all the police and magistrates testify to the great absence of crime." + 
 
 At Salt.-vire— the workmen's town of the philanthropist, Titus Salt — 
 there is no public-house nor any vendor of intoxicating drinks. I might 
 occupy pages in describing the happy results. 
 
 Yes : " Facts are stubborn things." There is no fact so easy of proof as 
 that where there is no drinking-house, there is comparatively little of misery, 
 degradation, and vice. 
 
 * The subject ordinarily treated under the heading " Maine Liquor Law " 
 is so large and comprehensive that I had better pass it over entirely than treat 
 it cursorily; but any reader can easily obtain full details. Its brave and 
 eloquent advocate, General Neal Dow, has been for some time in England 
 addressing numerous meetings in various parts of the country ; he does not 
 rest his right to belief on his own high character, but sustains his testimony 
 by evidence indubitable that, instead of being a failure, "the law" has pro- 
 duced enormous and prodigiously beneficial results. 
 
 + In Edinburgh, before the passing of the Forbes-Mackenzie Act, ;^i2,ooo 
 had been voted for enlarging the jail. The Act was passed : it was not found 
 necessary to enlarge the jail at all : and that sum has never been applied to 
 the purpose for which it was voted.
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 59 
 
 " ' Writers^, 'talkers^ ^ preachers I ' workers'— all." 
 
 In prefacing these notes, I stated that there was a prodigious force in arms 
 arrayed against " the National Vice — Drunkenness." There are several 
 powerful organizations actively engaged in the work, not only in the Metropolis, 
 but in all the Provinces, in Scotland, Wales, and Ireland, and in our Colonies. 
 The principal National organizations are the British Temperance League, the 
 National Temperance League, the Scottish Temperance League, and the 
 Irish Temperance League. These societies hold meetings, employ lecturers, 
 and issue serial and other publications in great numbers.* The United King- 
 dom Band of Hope Union, and many district Unions are earnestly engaged 
 in fostering thousands of Bands of Hope, and promoting temperance among 
 the young. There are also a number of "Orders," such as the Rechabites, 
 Sons of Temperance, and Good Templars. The last named have about 5,000 
 "lodges" in the L^nited Kingdom, with 350,000 members.+ Among various 
 religious denominations, societies exist to carry on the temperance work — 
 especially among, and by means of, their own members. "The Church of 
 England Temperance Society " was reconstructed in February, 1873 ; but 
 very many clergymen had long been active in the good work in their various 
 parishes. The Archbishops of Canterbury and York are the presidents of the 
 new society, which has two branches — one for the promotion of total absti- 
 nence, carried on by a total abstinence committee, and the other, in which 
 abstainers and others unite, for procuring such social and legislative reforms 
 as may abate drinking practices and temptations. It is calculated that 
 between four and five thousand Protestant ministers in the United Kingdom 
 are total abstainers. Some of the Roman Catholic clergy in Ireland, and in 
 England Archbishop Manning and other zealous enemies of drunkenness, are 
 waging a vigorous crusade, among their own people, against the drinking 
 customs and the drink traffic. Of the associations that directly seek 
 the assistance of law, by far the most influential is the United Kingdom 
 Alliance, formed in 1853 for the Legislative Suppression of the Traffic in 
 Intoxicating Liquors as beverages. Its president is Sir W. C. Trevelyan, 
 and for some years past it has exerted itself most laboriously in support of the 
 Permissive Bill of .Sir Wilfrid Lawson, which, if enacted, would allow the rate- 
 payers of every district to stop the sale of alcoholic liquors in their own locality, 
 if the votes in favour of such action were in the proportion of two to one.t 
 Other societies aim by legislative changes to diminish the hours of sale 
 and the number of licensed houses ; also to close public-houses on Sunday 
 (as in Scotland), to transfer the licensing power to boards popularly elected, &c. 
 Temperance societies for the young are scattered broadcast throughout these 
 Kingdoms ; there is no town, and hardly a village of size, that has not one ; 
 and each is an agent for the distribution of tracts, the aid of public meetings, 
 the employment of lecturers, and generally for the active help and encourage- 
 ment of the principles they profess and uphold. 
 
 * At the anniversary festival of the Scottish Temperance League, it was 
 stated that 70,000 volumes and 630,000 tracts had left their office during the 
 year 1873 ; several containing engraved illustrations. 
 
 + At a recent meeting of the Templars in Bristol there were present 2,500 
 representatives of Lodges. 
 
 X The United Kingdom Alliance, though it docs not make personal absti- 
 nence a condition of membership, is heartily supported by the great bulk of 
 Temperance societies.
 
 6o ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 
 
 " One of your licensed friends" 
 
 "The licensing of sin is not the way to prevent or restrain it, but it is the 
 way to sanction and perpetuate it, by declaring to the community that, if prac- 
 tised legally, it is right, and thus ignoring the efficacy of truth and facts in 
 producing the conviction that it is wrong." It has been well said (Rev. Dr. 
 !McKerrow at Edinburgh) : " the publican is an educator as well as the school- 
 master ;" and it is a memorable passage in one of Mr. Gladstone's speeches : 
 
 " The LAWf OUGHT TO MAKE IT EASY FOR MEN TO DO RIGHT, AND DIFFICULT 
 
 FOR THEM TO DO WRONG." Nay, society has frequently asserted its right, not 
 simply to regulate the traffic in spirits, but to prohibit their juajiiifacture. 
 There is no doubt that, at all elections, much of the result will be deter- 
 mined by the answer to the question, "Will you support or oppose the Per- 
 missive Bill?" and it is understood that if neither candidate will avow his 
 intention to give it aid, the members of the United Kingdom Alliance, the 
 Templars, and, in a word, abstainers generall}', will decline to vote for 
 either. There are hundreds of thousands who will consider they thus act 
 rightly — -thus best sustain the cause of God, their country, and humanity — 
 sinking, or postponing, all mere party matters in the hope of achieving this 
 one vast good. When the storm is around the ship and breakers are ahead — 
 that is not the time for the crew to hol3-stone the deck. The minority may soon 
 become the majority ; borrowing a suggestion from a not far-off past,* " agitate, 
 agitate, agitate." Fifty years ago there was not a single Roman Catholic a 
 member of any corporate body in Ireland. It was a small group of a 
 dozen who met in Clarkson's parlour and resolved that the Negro slave 
 should be made a free man : + it was an assemblage not more numerous that 
 determined to make Free Trade the shibboleth of Great Britain ; the young 
 among us can remember when the Ballot was hooted on its way through 
 Parliament. Those who are old men may live to see "the Permissive Bill" — 
 or some '''Bill," its equivalent — the law of the land; and these Kingdoms 
 relieved from an incubus infinitely more disastrous than was negro slaver}', gain- 
 ing a thousandfold more than was gained by free trade — a boon to which the 
 ballot is as a mere drop in the ocean to secure independence of thought and 
 action. No doubt many elections have been, and others will be, determined by 
 the contest between the publicans and Temperance societies. If the former 
 
 * " Does not history tell us the greatest changes of the world have been 
 wrought by minorities : but on the one condition that the minorities shall 
 not be hopeless." — Lord Lytton. 
 
 + On the 22nd of May, 1787, twelve gentlemen, principally merchants of 
 London, and, all but three, Quakers, met and constituted themselves a com- 
 mittee "for effecting the abolition of the slave-trade." Twenty years afterwards 
 — in 1807 — that purpose was accomplished : but not until then. And not until 
 nearly thirty 3'ears after that date — 1833 — was the freedom of the slave pro- 
 c laimed throughout the dominions of the British crown. To do that great work 
 of humanity Parliament paid ^{^20,000,000 to slave-owners. What a gallant 
 officer. General Vyse, said of the slave-trade in 1807, may, as surely, be said 
 of the liquor traffic in 1873 : " On the result of the question before the House 
 depends the happiness or misery of England ; and he could not tell how those 
 who opposed the Bill could satisfj' their consciences in shutting the gates of 
 mercy on mankind." And Clarkson and M^ilberforce lived to see in all the 
 possessions of the British Crown the negro as free as the Anglo-Saxon. They 
 were not deterred by the magnitude of the evil ; they did not reason that the 
 evil was "too great to be dealt with by Parliament."
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. (,i 
 
 succeed, " the rum -hole, the gin-shop, the luncheon-bar, the beer-palace, will 
 in effect give the law to the State, and whichever party is the more ready to do 
 their bidding will govern the empire." — Nonconfo7-mist. " Driven to despera- 
 tion by suspici on and alarm , the various representatives of the drink trade banded 
 together in defence of their interests, and constituted themselves a political 
 power. They have turned many an election, and they threaten to turn many 
 more. By combining to pursue one single object, and to "know nothing," as 
 the American phrase goes, except the exigencies of their own private pockets,* 
 they have accomplished a great success, and set a signal example." — Times, 
 August, 1873. 
 
 " It is certain, however, that the power of the publican is diminishing, and 
 that of the temperance advocate (whether member of any society or not) 
 augmenting. The one will continue to increase, the other to decrease. The 
 Election of 1874 wtll be long remembered as ihe death-throe (pro- 
 verbially powerful and perilous) OF A monster. Public opinion will do the 
 holy work. 
 
 A time is not far distant when men will no more think of tolerating a dram- 
 shop than of poisoning a well from which their neighbours and themselves 
 draw water to drink. 
 
 " The law-source and our legislators teach" 
 
 Although these notes are but a collection of " Facts " upon which readers 
 will reason, and over which they will, I trust, seriously ponder, I cannot bring 
 them to a close without further obser\^ations on the " Permissive Bill," which 
 will in due course again come before Parliament. The United Kingdom 
 Alliance is an association of Temperance and social reformers, and was formed 
 in Manchester, on the ist June, 1853. At the first meeting of the General 
 Council, held in Manchester, in October, 1853, when the Society was publicly 
 inaugurated, the following declaration was unanimously adopted as a basis for 
 the agitation, and as indicating the character and scope of the movement : — 
 " That it is neither right nor politic for the State to afford legal protection 
 and sanction to any traffic or system that tends to increase crime, to waste the 
 national resources, to corrupt the social habits, and to destroy the health and 
 lives of the people." The Permissive Bill, therefore, is based upon the broad 
 principle that the liquor traffic is inimical to the well-being of the nation, and 
 its preamble sets forth that, — " Whereas the common sale of Intoxicating 
 Liquors is a fruitful source of Crime, Immorality, Pauperism, Disease, Insanity, 
 and premature Death, whereby not only the individuals who give way to drink- 
 ing habits are plunged into misery, but grievous wrong is done to the persons 
 and property of Her Majesty's subjects at large, and the public rates and 
 taxes are greatly augmented ; and whereas it is right and expedient to confer 
 upon the ratepayers of cities, boroughs, parishes, and tov^ships the power to 
 
 • At a meeting in Birmingham of delegates of the Licensed Victuallers' 
 Defence League, the report contains this passage, "Their watchword should 
 be, finally, their own trade interests, and to know no other politics than to 
 ensure the right man in the right place." " Hypocrisy has been defined as 
 the homage •which vice pays to virtue. But vice has grown too bold to pay 
 any homage; it stands before its uncovered, in defiant attitude." — Hon. 
 R. C. Pitman (Judge), Speech to the Senate at Washington. 
 
 I
 
 62 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 
 
 prohibit such common sale as aforesaid, &c." The Bill simply provides 
 that where, on a poll, two- thirds of those voting in any parish shall decide 
 against the sale of liquor being licensed in such parish, no licences shall be 
 issued.* The Alliance has no test of membership bearing upon the personal 
 habits of its members, their religious .creed or political party. It invites the 
 aid and ' co-operation of all good citizens, whether abstainers or not. 
 It has but one object — the annihilation of the liquor traffic by a law 
 enacted by Parliament, and enforced by public opinion, armed with executive 
 power. It is a self-imposed law, that which advocates of the Permissive 
 Bill seek, and only compulsory on the principle that a majority shall dictate 
 to a minority ; a principle that constitutes the very essence of the British 
 Constitution, from Parliament to the poorest parish in the realm. At 
 present, the Permissive Bill supplies the only test that Temperance sup- 
 porters can put to candidates ; t but they would vote for any candidate who 
 declared adherence to the principle of that Bill, although he might object 
 to its details : the " principle " being to prevent drunkennness and its effects 
 by conferring upon districts the power of suppressing the liquor traffic in such 
 districts. 
 
 " Read the day's paperP 
 
 " The times of ignorance" are past. No plea can be put in that we cannot 
 know the extent of the evil, nor the means by which it may be lessened or 
 removed. I have shown that Temperance has a host of advocates — in the 
 pulpit, on the platform, in the press. A Royal Commission "to inquire into 
 the operation of the liquor traffic," even if the good brothers, Lord Kinnaird 
 and Arthur Kinnaird, M.P., succeed in obtaining it, will tell us little more 
 than we already know. Temperance Societies are not all of one mind, but 
 they have one object — to lessen or remove the cause of drunkenness. Any 
 
 MEASURE THAT WILL HELP TO DO WHAT THE PERMISSIVE BiLL IS INTENDED 
 AND EXPECTED TO DO WILL HAVE THEIR UNITED AND COMBINED SUPPORT. 
 
 * The Right Hon. John Bright advocates the transfer of licensing public- 
 houses from the magistrates to the town councils, thus giving to the rate- 
 payers indirect power to suppress the liquor traffic. That is, as Sir Wilfrid 
 Lawson has said, "half way on the right road." More than that — it is 
 conceding the principle on which the Permissive Bill is based ; for the power 
 to grant, must include the power to refuse, licences. And Lord Aberdare, 
 when Home Secretary, was satisfied that " if they were to create a wholesome 
 and vigorous public opinion on that subject, they must give the ratepayers 
 of the country some direct interest in it, and that the wider spread that 
 interest was, the greater would be the social advantage." J homas Brassey, 
 M.P., takes much the same view as John Bright. He writes : " I consider that 
 to transfer the responsibility for granting licences to the municipal bodies 
 would be a statesmanlike solution of a difficult problem. The members of 
 the town councils, elected by the ratepayers, are directly responsible to local 
 public opinion, and, therefore, by investing them with this additional duty, 
 the principle of the Permissive Bill is, to a certain extent, recognised. " 
 There are some Temperance advocates who seek to abolish licences alto- 
 gether, to throw the trade in liquors as open as any other trade ; thus with- 
 holding from the traffic the countenance and respectability that licences in 
 a measure give to it, but at the same time rendering the vendors of drink 
 responsible for any evils that might arise as a consequence of such sale. 
 That is indeed done in some of the States of America. 
 
 t " We cannot shut our eyes to the fact that the policy of the Permissive 
 Bill party is a definite, logical, and resolute policy." — Daily Telegraph.
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 63 
 
 " For every printed word becomes a seed." 
 
 He is daring-, who, now-a-days, writes, as the poets of long ago so often 
 wrote, in praise of " Jolly Bacchus, god of wine !" inducing misery and crime 
 by asking a festive party to " wreathe the bowl with flowers of soul." 
 
 " It is but the madman who flings about fire, 
 And tells you 'tis only in sport." 
 
 The pages of recent poets are not often disgraced by advocacy of drunken- 
 ness ; nearly all the drinking-songs that stimulate debauchery belong to the 
 past. "WTiat shall we say, then, of an author who boldly affixes his name to 
 a song entitled " ^\^liskey for Ever," and publishes it in a literary journal, the 
 proprietor of which is a Member of Parliament, I extract one verse : — 
 
 " Raimeen na gole; 
 
 (Co7ne let us drink) 
 
 Fill up the bowl ; 
 
 Let us console 
 Dull care wid a glass, boys, 
 
 Sorrow a single 
 
 Drink ye can mingle 
 Could aqual the mellow potheen that we pass, boys." 
 
 Did the author of these evil lines give a moment's thought to the wretched- 
 ness that might be (must be) in the drunkard's home, while 
 
 " Smiling we sit, 
 Warming our wit 
 Wid necthar the gods might begrudge us the drainin ?" 
 
 Did it occur to him that the hell-broth he calls " necthar " musi lead to 
 miserj', and might lead to murder : breaking hearts, making hearths desolate 
 children orphans, wives widows, peopling poor-hovses, crowding jails, throng- 
 ing mad-houses ? Let him take as a motto for his song, not the passage from 
 his own pen — " IVhisUey for ever till daiuning of day''' — but the words of 
 the prophet Daniel, 
 
 "The abomination that maketh desolation 1" 
 
 A time may come when Mr. "A. P. Graves " will feel deep remorse for that 
 which he has printed in the Atheuceum of January 17, 1874. I know that 
 Thomas Moore did, for much he had written in his youth : walking with me 
 in my garden, and speaking of the unhappy son who had been a heart- 
 break to him and his excellent wife, he referred to his early poems in terms 
 of strong repugnance. And this is the statement of Rogers ; " So heartily 
 has Moore repented of having published ' Little's Poems,' that I have seen 
 him shed tears — tears of deep contrition — when we were talking of them." 
 
 But is the author of this pernicious song more culpable than that Right 
 Honorable Member of Parliament who, addressing his constituents on the 
 3rd of February, 1874, proclaimed that " IT WAS NO part of the duty of 
 Government to keep the people sober " .' He said also — he being a 
 prominent member of the then Government — " We deal with crime, not 
 with vice." Adding, "I must leave it to the people of England to decide 
 whether it is better that their money should go down their throats or into 
 their pockets,^' .Such sentiments would excite indignation and aversion if 
 uttered in the lowest drinking-shop of Ratcliff Highway : yet they were 
 heard with patience by graduates of the London University — men of culture, 
 many of them engaged in teaching others how to light the battle of life 1
 
 64 ILLUSTRATIVE FACTS. 
 
 " Your victims will appeal to Him /" 
 
 " Neither may we grain by hurting our neighbour in his body. Therefore we 
 may not sell anything which tends to impair health. Such is eminently all 
 that liquid fire, commonly called drams or spirituous liquors. . . . All who 
 sell them in the common way, to any that will buy, are poisoners general. 
 They murder his Majesty's subjects by wholesale, neither does their eye 
 pity or spare. And what is their gain? Is it not the blood of these 
 men ? Who, then, would envy their large estates and sumptuous palaces ? 
 A curse is in the midst of them. The curse of God is in their gardens, 
 their walks, their groves — a fire that burns to the nethermost hell. Blood, 
 blood is there — the foundations, the walls, the floor, the roof, are stained 
 with blood ! And canst thou hope, O thou man of blood ! though thou 
 art 'clothed in scarlet and fine linen, and farest sumptuously every day,' 
 canst thou hope to deliver down the fields of blood to the third generation ? " 
 — Rev. John Wesley : Sermon on the Use of Money. 
 
 " The height and depth of this — the country s cursed 
 
 Instead of a summary of these notes, I print a passage from an essay, 
 "How to stop Drunkenness," written by the late Charles Buxton, M. P. (a 
 brewer) and published by Partridge & Co., Paternoster Row. It embodies all 
 I desire to say as a concluding comment on these " Facts :" — " Not only does 
 this vice produce all kinds of positive mischief, but it has also a negative 
 effect of great importance. It is the mightiest of all the forces that clog the 
 
 progress of good The struggle of the school, and the library, and the 
 
 church, all united, against the beerhouse and the gin palace, is but one 
 development of the war between heaven and hell. It is intoxication that 
 
 FILLS OUR JAILS ; IT IS INTOXICATION THAT FILLS OUR LUNATIC ASYLUMS ; AND IT 
 IS INTOXICATION THAT FILLS OUR WORKHOUSES WITH POOR. WERE IT NOT FOR 
 THIS ONE CAUSE, PAUPERISM WOULD BE NEARLY EXTINGUISHED IN ENGLAND. 
 
 . . . Looking then at the manifold and frightful evils that spring from 
 drunkenness, we think we are justified in saying that it is the most dreadful 
 of all the ills that afflict the British Isles. We are convinced that if a states- 
 man who heartily wished to do the utmost possible good to his country were 
 thoughtfully to inquire which of the topics of the day deserved the most 
 intense force of his attention, the true reply— the reply which would be 
 exacted by full deliberation— would be, that he should study the means by 
 which this worst of plagues can be stayed. The intellectual, the moral, 
 
 AND THE religious WELFARE OF OUR PEOPLE, THEIR MATERIAL COMFORTS, 
 
 THEIR DOMESTIC HAPPINESS, ARE ALL INVOLVED. The question is, whether 
 millions of our country-men should be helped to become happier and wiser 
 —whether pauperism, lunacy, disease, and crime shall be diminished— whether 
 multitudes of men, women, and children shall be aided to escape from utter 
 ruin of body and soul ? Surely such a question as this, enclosing within 
 
 ITS LIMITS consequences SO MOMENTOUS, OUGHT TO BE WEIGHED WITH 
 earnest THOUGHT BY ALL OUR PATRIOTS." 
 
 VIRTUE AND CO., PRINTERS, CITV ROAD, LONDON.
 
 THE ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 In previous Editions of this Poem the Illustrations were included in the 
 paging of the text; in this Edition it was considered desirable to page the 
 text only. By an unfortunate oversight the Illustrations have been printed 
 on the former plan, thus causing a discrepancy in the page references at foot 
 of Engravings. The error will be rectified by the following Errata : — 
 
 For page 
 
 1 6 read 
 
 page, 8. 
 
 52 .. 
 
 „ 20. 
 
 21 ,1 
 
 ,, 9- 
 
 27 ,. 
 
 » 11- 
 
 28 „ 
 
 „ 12. 
 
 34 >. 
 
 ,, 14- 
 
 39 ,, 
 
 ., 15- 
 
 40 .. 
 
 „ i6. 
 
 For page 45 read page 17. 
 
 51 » 
 
 ., 19 
 
 57 ,. 
 
 j> 21 
 
 58 „ 
 
 ,, 22 
 
 63 „ 
 
 ,. 23 
 
 33 ,, 
 
 „ 13 
 
 64 „ 
 
 ., 24
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 Los Angeles 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 THE LIBRARY" 
 
 iJNWERSITY OF CALIFORMS 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 PR 
 
 Hall - 
 
 U735 The trial of Sir 
 H^7t Jasper 
 
 UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 
 
 AA 000370 117 4 
 
 PR 
 
 U735 
 H37t 

 
 1 11 ; 1 1 ] ; I J ; 1 ; 
 
 i,!i;!Miiiil((i!M,i,i!,IM 
 
 M in. i:i.:vi