A Social Survey for Rural Communities A Practical Scheme for the Investigation of the Structure, Problems, and Possi- bilities of Rural, Village and other Communities from the Point of View of the Church and Its Work By GEORGE FREDERICK WELLS 1911 This pamphlet may be secured at ten cents per copy, or $1.00 per dozen copies, by addressing the author, at Room 512 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City A Social Survey for Rural Communities A Practical Scheme for the Investigation of the Structure, Problems, and Possi- bilities of Rural, Village and other Communities from the Point of View of the Church and Its Work By GEORGE FREDERICK WELLS 1911 This pamphlet may be secured at ten cents per copy, or $1.00 per dozen copies by addressing the author, at Room 512. 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City COPYRIGHT, 1911, by GEORGE FREDERICK WELLS A SOCIAL SURVEY FOR RURAL COMMUNITIES By GEORGE FREDERICK WELLS THE DEMAND. THERE is no community life in altogether too many rural and country townships and villages. In thousands of instances the absence of local resources and the exodus from rural districts has tended to destroy community spirit. Sectarianism among the churches, the excessive num- ber of contending associations and clubs, family feuds and class jealousies, unjust and withering gossips and scandals, the absence of community policy and leadership, and many other causes having the nature either of stagnation or of war, indicate the deplorable dearth of community feeling and pride in places which might well be the gardens of the Lord. The tide is rapidly turning. The social consciousness of our day that is, the growing passion for brotherhood the practice of social democracy and solidarity Christian Social- ism, I would call it, honoring its Source "the parliament of man, the federation of the world," finds no surer herald than that of the increasing demand for first-hand rural research. One year ago a person would hardly venture to publish a country community survey without careful apology lest he wound tender rural sensibilities. To-day the spirit is entirely changed. We need to make apology for tardiness in respond- ing to the increasing number of requests for printed helps for the most intensive and thorough studies of rural conditions. POINT OF VIEW. The nation-wide investigation made in 1909 by Theodore Roosevelt's Commission on Rural Life was a tremendous stride toward rural uplift. The field studies of the County Work Department of the Y. M- C. A. have had a stimulating influ- ence. The limitations of the much used house-to-house can- vass have encouraged the new demand. The investigation of "overlooking and overlapping" in Colorado made by the Fed- eral Council of the Churches of Christ in America, and similar studies in other states, have had great educational value. The Missionary Education Movement, the American Unitarian As- sociation, the "Men and Religion Forward Movement, and the Russell Sage Foundation have published during 1911 manuals of field surveys in large town and urban districts. But we have had no guide to survey work for rural and country churches. The call to which we now seek to respond is for a program of local field study which shall be so clear, simple, thorough and practical that the average country pastor can apply it and receive its help. MOTIVES. Some pastor may say : "I must know my community bet- ter. Perhaps the things I know best how to do are not the things the community most needs to have done. If it is so, I want to find it out for myself. I want to know how to get in touch with all the forces that I should work with. I want to discover the problems and with them the resources with which they may be solved. "I believe in revivals, but I want, if we are to have a revival, that it shall come as the central experience of the community as a whole. I want it to change people's morals as well as their feelings. "I believe in social service by the church. But it must be so directed that it will not exhaust me and my more faithful workers. It should come in response to the awakened desire to meet needs we had not seen before. I don't intend to call in outside agencies to make a beginning at our boy problem or our temperance problem, and when they have spent our money to leave the problem, after all, on our own shoulders. I want to keep leadership where it belongs. "I don't want to be burdened by any church federation scheme for its own sake. The other churches in the village ought to be as strong as our own. There are some things they can do better than we, and some things that can't be done at all unless we work together. "A card index to the families I call upon is already begun. I do not want too much of statistics. 'I would like, however, to tell my people of some things that we have worked out, or need to work out, and have the facts to back me up. Let the study be scientific, but I haven't time to take a graduate course in sociology before I begin to study my church and field. I want a plan I can carry out along with my work, so that the study and the work will help each other." We are glad that the demand is not for programs of re- search which experts from the outside shall inflict upon inno- cent parishes. If such were the case, where is the anaesthetic ? If one were a consummate "mixer," or, to speak truly, a tramp, he might find his way from Boston to Pekin without consulting a railroad or steamship guide book. It is needless to say that it is an absolute impossibility for a country pastor or a country church to do efficient work without accurate, and we may. say, sociologically valid information concerning the field of service. THE COMMUNITY. What is meant by a "community" of which a survey may be made? Let the question be answered by describing con- crete examples. 1. A rural neighborhood of from one to three hundred people who have as their social center a place, very often called "the city," consisting of a blacksmith shop, a saw mill, a store, a post office, a public school, and six or eight farm- houses. Many such communities are only small parts of town- ships. They may be surveyed, especially by those who are their responsible local leaders. 2. A more interesting community is one of 24 or more square miles, 700 people, a village of 125 houses, three churches, a small factory, a school, stores, a post office, and other churches in out neighborhoods. Such a community would be a fair place for a survey, even though its village is in two different counties and its citizens pay taxes in three townships. Political boundaries and social boundaries do not always correspond. It is best to follow political boundaries where possible. 3. A township of 36 square miles, 1,400 people, one lead- ing village and two or three subordinate hamlets, three or four churches and well-developed industrial and commercial enter- prises. Such a township constitutes a natural responsibility district for the churches. 4. A county seat town of from two to ten thousand people, a college, from five to eight churches, two or three factories, a bank, two or three nationality or race groups, and social life in other respects similar. THE HOUSE-TO-HOUSE CANVASS. A house-to-house canvass of a community is not a social survey of that community. It is, however, a most necessary help or means to the survey. If a pastor is contemplating a survey of his field when he has not already at hand the re- sults in card catalogue form of a complete canvass, I would strongly urge that the canvass precede and the social survey follow. The relation of a canvass to a survey is that of a part to its whole. For the purpose of having together under one cover the guidance for a complete community study suggestions are here given concerning the community canvass. It is recommended that the pastor or pastors make their own canvass. For this plain manila cards five or six inches square may be provided, one for each family group. When filled out for a family the card will convey the following facts in the order mentioned : 1. Name of the head of the family. 2. His address, both post office and telephone. 3. The wife's name. 4. Names and ages of children. 5. Grandparents or other members of the family. 6. Names of servants. 7. Religious standing of the family. (R.) 8. Moral standing. (M.) 9. Economic standing. (E.) 10. Literary provisions. (L.) 11. Educational standing. (Ed.) 12. Social standing. (S.) It will be observed that this plan is so simple that it is not necessary that the family cards have any printed numbers or questions. The first six are name facts in logical order, and the last six are status facts in logical order. A ,card when it is filled out for a family will appear something as follows: Brown, Mr. Charles R. R. F. D. 2, Jonesville, N. Y. Tel. 13-23. Mrs. Hattie L. Brown. Frank M. Age n. Charles L. Age 6. John T. Age 4. Henry Brown, his father. Age 72. Sarah Jones. Age 17. Ralph Smith. Age 20. R. Parents members, active. Children in S. S. M. High. E. Prosperous farmer, invested funds. L. Daily papers, Youth's Companion, Delineator, World's Work, Outlook. Ed. Common public schools, wife college graduate. S. High, community leaders. I.O.O.F. and I.O.G.T. When the work of the social survey itself is begun it will be a surprise to note the number of questions which can be answered direct from the available information which this simple plan makes possible. The canvass considered alone has great social and practical value, but taken as a means to an inside knowledge of the social structure, problems and possibilities of the community, it will be a source of both in- terest and inspiration. SUGGESTED AUSPICES. It is suggested that rural social surveys be made under any one of the following auspices : 1. By the pastor of one of the churches of a community. This would be a still hunt for facts. The pastor would make use of the facts privately or publicly, according to local needs. 2. By the pastor and one or two select laymen. 3. By the Inter-Church Federation or Ministerial Asso- ciation in communities where there are several churches. Re- sponsibility for the different parts of the survey could thus be distributed, and frequent meetings could be held for the dis- cussion of results and best methods of procedure. 4. By all the pastors uniting for this purpose, even though they have no organized Federation or Association. 5. By the pastor of a local church and a group of laymen, such as the officers of the church, an Adult Bible Class or a Men's Club. 6. By all the pastors of the community and one or two laymen from each church, constituting a sort of self-appointed Committee on the Religious State of the Community. "TELL Us How." The Outlook for August 18, 1906, has an article entitled, The Country Church arid Its Social Problem, which contains a report of a survey of 25 rural communities. The investiga- tion was made by asking the pastor and leading workers of each of the 50 churches to answer a set of about 200 questions. That set of questions was made by a country minister. As far as I know it was the only set for rural surveys available at that time. It was the product of actual experience not of a theorist sitting at his desk. One form of the following Questionaire has been used in the social survey of Tioga County, New York. Though our present Questionaire has required much study, it is largely the product of actual field work. The first question which a person wishing to make a social diagnosis of his parish would ask if a questionaire were put in his hands would be : "How shall this be used ?" To this only one answer is necessary: "The questionaire is the guide to its own use." Try it and see! A few suggestions are made, however, to clear up a few points which may not be so easily evident. 1. Let each person who is to make the survey procure a loose leaf note-book or a card index and give each leaf or card a number corresponding to the number of the question in the list. For instance, card or leaf numbers I, 34 and 127 will contain, after the survey is made, the answers to ques- tions i, 34 and 127. Each leaf or card, with added pages if necessary, may have the answer to but one question. And thus the work of the survey, each investigator keeping his own notes, may proceed in an orderly manner. 2. It would be very easy if a group of persons were mak- ing the survey of a field for certain questions to be assigned to each person. The numbering would help, and the results could be brought together into a single report. 3. Warnings like the following are often given in connec- tion with the use of surveys: "There is need to remember that communities vary as widely as their number, and that no one set of questions will uniformly suit all situations. Some of the following questions will not be applicable in a given com- munity. Those making the survey, therefore, must exercise a certain caution in endeavoring to press questions which may not be fitting." If such a warning is necessary a social survey of a com- munity is unnecessary. The purpose of a survey is not to fit the truth to conditions, but to fit conditions to the truth. If one is to dodge every sensitive issue he had better not make the survey. Survey work is valueless if it fails to be both brave and scientific. What is called for is not that the survey should be made to fit the community, but to fit the capacity and resources of those who are to make it. Since so much is necessary to suit the varying provisions of survey work it seems best to present one set of questions which is fairly comprehensive, rather than to work out several different sets. The persons making surveys may select and number the questions which they think best to use. 4. The purpose of a survey is not to measure the lifetime of a community, but to measure the life of a community at one particular time. It is, therefore, urged that if the survey of a parish is undertaken that the student or students concen- trate upon that one thing until the facts are all secured. This may require three months in some instances, but if the work can be thoroughly done in one week or day I would advise the latter course. For the purpose of learning the facts of growth the same questions may be asked at different times. 5. This survey may be applied in the study of conditions throughout the rural portions of a county or state. When the same set of questions is used in different communities by several investigators allowance must be made in the com- prehensive conclusion for the differing personal equation. AFTER THE SURVEY WHAT? A true questionaire is the guide not only to its own use, but to the community program of service to which it leads. Again, it may be said, try it and see. The questionaire has been pre- pared with the larger, practical result especially in view. The purpose of a social survey is not to produce statistics, but to produce better communities. While the survey is in progress, and after, it is urgently recommended that extensive and painstaking use be made of a bibliography of printed helps for country pastors. By the union of the field and the library studies, aided by constant prayer and earnest personal service, the investigator will find a place in the very heart of the rural life movement which shall realize to him that the community structure in which he builds is the world, and of which the completed temple is heaven. THE QUESTIONAIRE Introduction. 1. Name of person making the survey. 2. P. O. address. 3. Position in business. 4. Position in church life. STUDY No. i. THE COMMUNITY AND ITS POPULATION. 5. Name of community surveyed. 6. Size in square miles. 7. Boundaries. Population. 8. Total number of people in the community. 9. Name of each hamlet, village or town center and the population of each. 10. How many people live outside of hamlet, village and town centers? 11. Name the rural neighborhoods outside of hamlets and villages above named and give the population of each. Families. 12. How many families are there in the community? 13. What is the average number of persons in each family group ? 14. How many children under fourteen years of age in the community ? 15. How many boys from 14 to 21 years of age in the com- munity ? 16. How many girls from 14 to 21 years of age? 17. How many instances are there of persons occupying houses alone? 1 8. Name the nationalities in the community and give the number of people in each. 19. Name the classes of industries in the community and give the number of people represented by each. (NOTE. Consult the pastor's card catalogue, which should contain much of this information.) STUDY No. 2. ECONOMIC AND INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS. Natural Resources. 20. What natural resources, such as tillable soil, timber, min- erals, fisheries, water-power, lake or mountain scen- ery, etc., has the community ? 21. Name any of these resources which are failing, give rea- sons and probable effect on the industrial life of the community. 22. What efforts, if any, are being made to conserve the nat- ural resources? 23. What is the effect of the failure or development of any natural resources on the character of the population ? Public Service Facilities. 24. What kind of roads has the community? 25. What are the waterway, steam and electric transporta- tion facilities of the community? 26. How is the U. S. mail collected and distributed in the community ? 27. What are the telephone facilities of the community? 28. What provisions are made for a pure and adequate water supply ? 10 29. What central lighting facilities, if any, have the village homes and other buildings? 30. Is the present ownership or control of public service fa- cilities satisfactory? Inter-Community Relations. 31. What is the proximity of the community to cities or large towns ? 32. Name the industrial and commercial advantages, if any, arising from such proximity? 33. How many persons live in the community who commute to town or city for industrial, business or professional occupations ? 34. How does this fact affect the community interest of such commuters ? 35. What effect, if any, do the above conditions have on church attendance? 36. To what places and for what purpose have families moved during the last few years? Factory Labor Conditions. 37. Name the factories and mills in the community and the number of men employed in each. How many women are employed? 38. What are the wages, hours of labor and rest-day privi- leges in each organized industry? 39. What labor unions has the community, and what is the purpose, leadership, standing and influence of each? 40. How many children of each sex under 15 years of age are employed in manufacturing industries? (Answer this question according to the age limit as given in the Child Labor Laws of the State in which the survey is made.) Wealth and Poverty. 42. How many families pay rent upon the houses which they use? 43. How many pay rent upon the farms they occupy? 44. What is the proportion of renters to property owners? 45. How many unoccupied or abandoned houses or home- steads in the community? 46. What are the more wealthy persons of the community considered to be worth? 47. How many families of dependent poor? 11 48. What are the causes of such poverty? 49. Are there special problems arising out of the relation of Capital and Labor? If so, name them. Commercial Agencies. (NOTE. In answering questions like these it will be best to make an orderly catalogue of each agency, giving names and the facts concerning it.) 50. Name the banks, stores and other agencies for com- mercial exchange and state the number of persons employed in each. 51. Name the public interests, such as law offices, doctors' and dental rooms, recreation rooms, barber shops, restaurants, livery stables, blacksmith shops, saw mills, stage routes, news-stands and other concerns not requiring special organization which are eco- nomically essential to the community? 52. Name any interests similar to the above not so essential or perhaps of questionable influence. 53. Name the regular hotels, and the summer hotels and in- dicate the capacity of each. 54. To what extent is the population increased by summer boarders? What are the influences of the summer boarders ? 55. How many licensed saloons in the community, and what is the approximate annual expenditure for liquors at each? 56. What forms of loafing, games, gambling, cheap shows or other evils are connected with each saloon ? STUDY No. 3. Civic LIFE AND COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS. 57. What political influences are in the ascendency in the community ? 58. Describe their moral bearing. 59. What is the social, moral and religious standing of the men who are elected to the highest town offices and responsibilities ? 60. What public interests seem to be harmful on account of dubious leadership? 61. In what ways has the church helped or hindered in the community progress toward civic righteousness ? 12 Community Organisations. 62. Enumerate the various co-operative business organizations of the community and give the standing and efficiency of each. 63. What clubs, lodges and secret fraternal orders other than the grange exist in the community? What is the membership, leadership and influence of each ? 64. What grange, or farmer's social and educational organiza- tions are there? What is the membership, leadership and influence of each? 65. What libraries, lecture courses, nature clubs, museums or other cultural institutions belonging to the community as a whole are organized? What is their standing and efficiency? 66. What institutions has the community for the care of de- pendent, defective and delinquent classes, such as the poor, aged, sick, orphan, blind, epileptic, criminal, etc.? What is the standing and efficiency of each? STUDY No. 4. THE COMMUNITY'S RECREATION. Play Problems of Children Under 12 Years of Age. 67. What proportion of the children have wholesome and ade- quate recreation at home? 68. What groups of children are at play on the public streets or in other public places? 69. What games are played in these public places? 70. What are the most popular games for boys? 71. For girls? 72. What is being done to give moral direction to such recre- ation as is noted above ? Recreation Problems of Boys and Girls of 13-16 Years of Age. 73. What natural play gangs of boys are to be found, and what are the meeting places? 74. Of girls? 75. Are the moral influences of the gangs good ? 76. How have the physical changes attendant upon ado- lescence affected the play of boys and girls? Recreation Problems of Young Men and Women. 77. What are the forms of spontaneous recreation for the young men? 13 78. For the young women? 79. What are the youngest ages for young men and women to be in each other's company? 80. Are they unchaperoned ? 81. What cases of immorality have arisen from the recre- ations of young men and women? Recreation Problems of Adult Life. 82. What forms of recreation are initiated by groups of men of their own accord? 83. By groups of women? 84. By men and women? 85. What recreation is afforded in the homes of the people. Organized Public Recreation. 86. What are the agencies, such as playgrounds, tennis clubs, snowshoe clubs, etc.? 87. Name the public occasions, such as legal holidays, field days, picnics, etc., which take place each year, and which attract the interest and attendance of the larg- est numbers of people. 88. What shows, moving-picture exhibitions, plays, concerts or other entertainments take place each year in public halls? 89. What are the favorite athletic sports of the community, and what is the occurrence, leadership and influence of each? 90. What is the prevalence of whist and other card games, and what organized provisions are made for the same? 91. What and how many public dances take place in the com- munity each year? What is the leadership, standing and influence of each? 92. Which ones of the above may be adjudged harmful on the basis of actual observation of facts ? Public Provision for Recreation. 93. To what extent and in what forms are the social gather- ings, recreations, amusements and entertainments of the community provided by the families or households as such? 94. By the school or schools? 95. By the church or churches ? 96. By the community's organizations? 14 97- To what extent are the town officials interested in and committed to the policy of admitting only helpful en- tertainments to public buildings ? STUDY No. 5. EDUCATION AND SCHOOL LIFE. 98. What schools below the high school grade has the community, and what is the attendance at each? 99. How many children who are old enough to attend schools below high school grade do not attend such schools? What are the reasons for not attending? oo. To what extent is there centralization of public schools, and what is the educational, economic and social ef- fect of the same? 101. What high school advantages, local or otherwise, have the community? 102. How many boys of the community attend high school? How many girls? 103. What proportion of boys attending high school are church members? Of girls? 104. How many boys of high school age are not attendants at high school? Of girls? 105. What proportion of the boys of high school age who are not in high school are church members? Of the girls? 1 06. What is the average age of the young people of the community when they cease going to school? 107. Do the public schools fit young men and women for the work which most of them must do in life? 1 08. How many young people of the community are attend- ing college ? 109. What proportion of the high school graduates have gone to college in the last five years ? no. How many young men and women have gone to agri- cultural colleges? in. What is the influence in the community of those who have attended agricultural college? 112. What schools aside from those mentioned are being attended by persons from the community? STUDY No. 6. RELIGION AND CHURCH LIFE. Religious Divisions of the Population. 113. What numerically is the Protestant population of the community ? 15 114- What numerically is the Roman Catholic population? 115. Of what other religious divisions or classes are adher- ents found? State numbers. 116. How many families in the community do not definitely belong to the constituency of any church? 117. When was the last religious census of the community taken? The Churches. 1 1 8. Name the churches in the community giving the de- nomination and the date of the establishment of each. (NOTE. In this study any local group of people hav- ing religious meetings as often as once a year and with any degree of religious leadership may be counted as a church.) 119. What is the actual resident membership of each church? The total membership? 1 20. How many families does each church number as its own distinct constituency? 121. What are the distinctly religious or devotional services by each church ? What is the attendance at each ? 122. What is the average attendance at the leading service of worship in each church? 123. Is church membership and attendance increasing or de- creasing ? 124. If decreasing church membership and attendance are evidently caused by race suicide, small families and childless homes among church people state the facts. If the opposite is true, state the facts which show it. 125. If decreasing church membership and attendance is due to the exodus of the people to town and city, describe the extent and local causes of this movement. 126. To what extent are the representative and leading men of the community in each of the churches? 127. Are the young people of the community definitely at- tracted and trained to church attendance and member- ship? If so, to what extent and by what means? 128. To what extent and in what ways is each church in- clusive or exclusive of economic, intellectual or social grades or classes? 129. Is the church ruled or influenced by personal, family, social or religious cliques? How? 130. What is the nature of the attracting power of each church; the pastor's leadership, sociability, educa- tional advantage, evangelistic fervor, the habit of wor- 16 ship, theological enlightenment, devotional satisfac- tion or personal principle? 131. What are the leading causes of non-church attendance in the community? STUDY No. 7. THE PASTOR. 132. Was the pastor reared in the country? Has he had practical experience at farming? I 33- What, in years, has been the length of each pastor's service in the community? 134. What high school, college, theological seminary or other educational training has each pastor had? 135. What strong points due to special gifts, training or past experience has each pastor to fit him for community leadership ? 136. How many pastoral calls does the pastor of each church make annually? 137. Does each church give its pastor an adequate field of service? Are the needs and possibilities of each field sufficient to command the best efforts of a strong man? 138. What cash salary, locally raised, does each church pay its pastor? 139. What annual assistance does each church receive from endowments, invested funds or town moneys? 140. What financial aid does each church or pastor receive annually from denominational missionary sources? 141. What financial assistance, if any, does each church or pastor in the community receive from the service by the pastor of churches in other communities? 142. Has each pastor the use of parsonage? Church land? What are the cash equivalents for such advantages? 143. What ministers are limited in their efficiency and leader- ship by inadequate salaries, and to what extent ? What side issues, if any, are necessary for a comfortable livelihood ? 144. What ministers are hindered in their local community leadership because of inability to concentrate their efforts upon local problems? STUDY No. 8. INTER-CHURCH RELATIONS. 145. What church or churches in the community stand "for 17 evangelical conversion, personal regeneration, and emotional fervor in their worship, teaching and serv- ice? 146. What church or churches stand for intellectual liberal- ism in their worship, teaching and service? 147. What particular characteristics give to each church a rightful place, if such is the case, in the community? 148. What church or churches, if any, habitually serve de- nominational interests at the expense of community interests ? 149. What churches have habitually sacrificed themselves to serve the community primarily and in consequence have served the denomination? 150. What union meetings or gatherings have the churches of the community held during the past year? State whether they have been for regular Sabbath wor- ship, mid-week devotional help, Sunday-school pro- motion, social enjoyment, evangelism or other objects. 151. What church or churches have stood aloof from such gatherings, and for what reasons ? 152. On what community issues, religious, moral, educational, social or political have the churches united for work? With what results? 153. Has the effort ever been made to form an inter-church federation through which the churches might unitedly carry on a continuous program of community service ? 154. What would be the losses to each individual church and to the community of such a permanent inter-church organization ? 155. What would be the gains both to the churches and to the community from such an organization? 156. Give any concrete instances when the influence of the churches has suffered on account of the lack of united effort. 157. Has the community two or more churches which stand so nearly for the same things and work among the same constituencies that the Christian interests of the community would be enhanced by their organic union ? 158. Has the community more churches than would be needed, if they would work unitedly, to secure the moral wholesomeness and spiritual welfare of the whole community? 18 STUDY No. 9. EVANGELISM. (NoxE. By evangelism we mean the effort to propa- gate Christian standards of life.) 159. What have been the most recent efforts of evangelism in the community? Have they been in the nature of personal work campaigns, religious education efforts or revivals led by evangelists? 1 60. Which form of revivals have been most productive of good, denominational or community revivals? 161. To what extent and with what results has the periodic policy of evangelism that is, dependence uppn an allotted period for special efforts at bringing people into the Christian life been practiced by the church or churches? Have hurtful reactions followed such efforts ? 162. To what extent and with what results has the continuous policy of evangelism that is, dependence upon mak- ing all the work of the church, public, personal, social and religious, a continuous means of showing the people their privilege and duty of the Christian life been practiced by the church or churches? 163. What revivals have been injected into the religious life of the community as substitutes for evangelistic em- phasis in regular worship, pastoral calling, the church's leadership in the parish, or as an artificial means of maintaining church membership and stand- ing? What has been the ultimate effect upon the Church? Upon the community? 164. When revivals have come as a vital result, marking a stage in the process of carrying forward a Chris- tian program of community development, what has been the ultimate effect upon the church? Upon the community ? 165. Have the churches gained or lost in evangelistic influ- ence on account of co-operation in community move- ments for moral or social betterment? 1 66. What have been the permanent results of evangelism in securing the spiritual new birth and integrity of individuals ? 167. Which expressions of evangelism have been more pro- ductive, remedial efforts toward reclaiming hardened cases or preventive efforts toward directing and de- veloping the young? 19 Organised Work and Evangelism. 1 68. What is the enrollment and average attendance in each Sunday-school. 169. Report the actual number present at each Sunday-school on a given Sunday. a. Under 6 years. b. From 6-8 c. " 9-12 d. " 13-16 " e. " 17-20 " f. 21 years and over. 170. What proportion of the present members of each church were first members of the Sunday-school? 171. What proportion of the present members of each Sun- day-school are also members of the church ? 172. To what extent is each Sunday-school a means and an agency leading to evangelistic results? 173. To what extent has the work of young people's societies been a means to evangelistic results in the church or churches ? 174. What facts tend to show that the named results follow this cause? 175. Answer the same questions for the brotherhoods of the church or churches? 176. For the Ladies' Aid Society or Societies. 177. For the mission study class or classes. 178. For any other systematic effort at missionary education or giving. 179. For the boys' clubs. 1 80. For men's clubs. 181. For any other organized religious and social work of the church or churches. STUDY No. 10. INSTITUTIONAL CHURCH WORK. 182. What are the regular gatherings for social and educa- tional purposes by the church or churches? 183. What secondary co-operative associations or agencies, such as the Y.M.C.A., the Good Templars, the Salva- tion Army, the W.C.T.U., the King's Daughters, the Boy Scouts, the Anti-Saloon League, are in the com- munity ? To what extent does such work make direct institutional or organized social work by the churches unnecessary ? 20 184. Name the advantages to the community if the churches did this work. 185. To what extent is each church equipped with kitchen, dining-room, library, parlor, gymnasium, lecture rooms or parish house for institutional work ? 1 86. What forms of institutional work does each church con- duct and with what results ? 187. What forms of charitable and philanthropic work does each church do? 1 88. What heed is given to problems of health and sanita- tion? 189. What expert supplemental assistance is received or avail- able to each pastor and church from denominational sources ? 190. Has such aid when received meant the exhaustion, the weakening or the development of local forces and pos- sibilities ? How ? 191. Has any expert assistance received from educational, re- form and other associational movements, such as the Anti-Saloon League, Sunday School Association, Na- tional Reform Bureau, American Institute of Social Service, tended to exhaust, weaken or develop local possibilities ? How ? STUDY No. ii. FEDERATION OF RURAL SOCIAL FORCES. 192. What organization or institution in the community as- sembles the largest number of people ? What occasion and what motives attract this maximum crowd? 193. What organization or institution draws the second larg- est crowd, on what occasion and by what motives? 194. State the same facts for the third largest crowd. 195. The fourth largest crowd. 196. The fifth largest crowd. 197. Name the five organizations or institutions in the order of their size or inclusiveness which come nearest to representing the entire community, and state for what each stands. 198. Name the leading social centers that is, the centers of the widest and most potent influence in the com- munity in the order of their religious value to the community. 199. In the order of their moral or ethical value. 200. In the order of their social value. 21 201. What conditions of co-operation are there between the homes and the church or churches of the community, and what is the effect of the same ? 202. Answer the same questions as to co-operation between the homes and the public schools. 203. The public schools and the church or churches. 204. The church or churches and the grange. What is the extent of co-membership in this case? 205. The church or churches and other fraternal and secret orders or clubs. What is the extent of co-member- ship? 206. The church or churches and the town or civic organiza- tion. 207. Make a catalogue of the pairs of organizations in the community between which there is strife and conten- tion which is harmful to the community. 208. State the instances in which the contention is more de- structive of community unification and welfare than the institutions themselves are of value to community welfare. 209. State in itemized form the facts which indicate the ex- tent of co-operation among the various organizations of the community? 210. What outstanding social needs has the community which are not being met by any organizations or institu- tions ? 211. Can the church or churches by co-operative leadership meet these needs through existing organizations? In what ways? 212. Name the organizations in the community in the order of their fitness for leadership in bringing about the co-operation or federation of all helpful associations, organizations or institutions for the purpose of com- munity unification and welfare. 213. Is there sufficient community interest and co-operation among existing organizations so that by their united voice they could debar from the community new movements from entering to become rivals to those already in the field? STUDY No. 12. ULTIMATE SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS NEEDS. 214. What items of need call for reinforced personal leader- ship on the part of the pastor or pastors ? 215. What items call for the best leadership of Christian lay- men? 216. What items of physical, social and moral betterment could be realized by the active co-operation of the churches ? 217. Name the conditions of need which call for evangelism on the part of the church or churches? 218. Name the instances in which the church or churches could help the community work in needy neighbor- hoods or among special populations or classes. 219. Name the problems concerning which the church or churches could serve the community by getting per- sons of Christian integrity and influence in charge of public interests. 220. Name the instances in which the church or churches could help the community by a program of co-opera- tion with other community institutions. 221. Name the problems and special needs which definitely call for forms of institutional work by the church or churches. 222. What special needs or problems call for some form of expert aid by non-resident specialists ? 223. To what extent and in what ways is the unity and co- operation of all helpful community forces and or- ganizations realized? 224. What part is taken by each church in hindering or pro- moting such unity? 225 What definite things which are not being done may the church or churches do to promote this unification ? 23 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY, BERKELEY THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW Books not returned on time are subject to a fine of 50c per volume after the third day overdue, increasing to $1.00 per volume after the sixth day. Books not in demand may be renewed if application is made before expiration of loan period. Gaylord Bros. Makers Syracuse, N. Y. PAT. JAN. 21, 1908 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY