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ILLUSTRATED, CLARK WAGOONER. Editor. NEW YORK AND TOLEDO : MUNSELL & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. 1888. COPYRIGHT, 1888, BY MuNSELL & Co., New York. Blade Printing & Paper Co., Engravers, Printers and Bookbinders^ TOLEDO, OHIO. X-JAH.IS XVtlJH.tlK r.vffi /Cr / ILUOJ, '■.V g i.JU).i \^^ TO THE LOYAL MEN AND LOYAL WOMEN BY WHOSE PROMPT, JUDICIOUS AND PERSISTENT ACTION, AT HOME AND IN THE FIELD, RECORD SO HONORABLE WAS MADE FOR LUCAS COUNTY DURING THE WAR OF THE REBELLION, f §ig W>otumi is IRespecffufEp BeDicafcJ) BY ToLKDO, August 1, 1888. THE EDITOR. 457^30 PREFACE IT was with no small degree of embarrassment that the writer undertook the work of historian. While not without exjierienc-e in another field of literature, he was too well aware of the special requisites for the new department, to feel assured of success. But the work was congenial and has been pursued with unflagging interest, and with results yet to be determined. So far as the writer had definite plan at the outset, it was, primaril3-, to furnish facts, rather than narrative or discussion. Hence, the history here presented is little more than a record of what has been done and said by individuals resident in Toledo and Lucas County. In fact, such must substantially constitute real human history. With this understanding, the writer has sought, in connection with the record of each event, to show by whom such was brought about. Hence, the unusual proportion of names of individuals given in this work. In- dispensable with sucli plan is an index by which may readily be found the names of the vast number of actors in tiie progress of events recorded. Such has been provided, with great care and labor; and containing, as it does, not less than 12,000 references, it will greatly aid in tracing personal record throughout the period covered by the history. A leading purpose with the writer has been to supply such record as promised most of practical value for future use. Of this class may be specially cited: 1. The chapters giving the County's part in the War of the Eebellion, which is believed to be more full in record, both in Home Work and Field Work, than will be found in any like volume. 2. The political record of the County, embracing the vote for the several candidates at every general election for 50 years. 3. Full list of Toledo officers from the organization of the City in 1837. 4. The names of most County and Township officers. 5. Lists of officers, teachers and graduates of Toledo Public Schools ; of members of Toledo Board of Trade and Produce Exchange, of Secret Socie- ties, Pioneer Associations, Churches; and other organizations of permanent interest. The work of the historian in the present case, was made specially embarrassing and arduous by tiie fact, that he was virtually a pioneer in the field, and as such was compelled to seek chiefly in original sources material requisite for his purpose. In this, however, he was favored, (1) by comparatively long and intimate personal knowledge of the locality concerned; and (2) by access to files of local newspapers, dating even anterior to the establishment of Lucas County. These included complete files of the Toledo Blade from May, 1837, to 1850, generously donated to the Toledo Public Library by Abel W. Fairbanks, now of Cleveland, who was a Publisher of that paper during the period named. Beside those of the Blade, the files of other Toledo papers — the Commercial, the Register and the Times— and of the Maumee City Express, have been found highly useful. In this connection, it may properly be remarked, that there is no other source as prolific of desirable material for local history, as is the local Press; hence, the special impor- tance of carelul preservation of such record, a consideration quite too generally overlooked. It is a privilege here to state, that the protracted labor attending the preparation of this volume, was materially lessened by timely assistance. In such connection, the writer is indebted PREFACE. to the Toledo Public Libriu-y, for use of newspaper files aud books; to the State Library and the County Auditor, for newspaper files ; to the County Recorder ami County Clerk, for access to records; to Ex-President R. B. Hayes, for use of rare newspaper files and books; to Mr. John M. Osborn, for use of valuable books; to Fire Lands Pioneer Association, for use of files and map ; to Clerks of different Townships, for use of records; to the Adjutant General of Ohio, for use of records; to Mr. Calvin Crane, for access to records of Brie and Kalamazoo Railroad Com- l)any; and to Mr. J. P. Avorill, for use of illustrations of Fort Meigs and vicinity. Thanks are also due for valuable contributions, both of pen and pencil, by Hon. Richard Mott, specially mentioned elsewhere; to Hon. John R. Osborn, for use of personal diary; to Judge John H. Doyle, for chapter Bench and Bar; to William 0. Chapman, M. D., and William T. Rowsey, M. D., for chapter Medical Profession; to Hon. Guido Marx, for chapter German Element; and to Judge C. C. Baldwin, of Cleveland, for chapters Pre-Historic Period and Aborigines of Maumee Valley. To claim exemption fi-om errors in such work, would be unwarranted; for such, in the nature of the case, are inevitable. While the writer has been measurably free from the experience common to historians who rel^' largely for material on the memory of individuals, he has, nevertheless, been subject to errors in record, errors in transcribing and errors in printing, the whole constituting liability of no small extent. This applies especially' in connection with names of persons. And yet, it is believed that extreme care has largely avoided such errors. Of the prominent feature of this work which consists of portraits and accompanying biographies, it is proper to state, that while such accessory is found to be indispensable to the publication of local history, exceptional care has been taken in the present case, that they be justly representative of the class or interest with which the parties, respectively, are or were connected. Publishers and jJatrons alike may properly be congratulated on the success which attends this important department; while all concerned will appreciate so valuable a feature of the work. In behalf of the Publishers, no less than as the judgment of the Editor, it is a pleasure here to make special recognition, not only of the evident artistic taste and skill which mark alike the typography and binding of this volume, but also the pains-taking care and patient attention given to the same bji^ managers aud workmen -of the Blade Printing and Paper Company's establishment. CLARK WAGGONER. Toledo, August 1, 1888. CONTENTS. , — Page — , I. Outline History of the State of Ohio ..... 3-15 Chapter I. Pre-Historic Period — Settlement — Territorial Government — Indian Troubles — The State Government — Internal Improvements — Public School System — Ohio and Michigan Boundary — Salt Manufacture — Railways— Constitution of 1851 . .3 Chapter II. Benevolent and Reformatory Institutions — Geological Survey — The Ohio Press — Ohio in the War of the Rebellion — Governors — Glass and Iron Manufac- tures—Climate — Population — The " Buckeye " State — Historical Brevities . . 11 II. Locality .......... 17-33 Chapter I. Topography — Geological Structure— Surface Geology— Soils— Economic Geology— Water Supply— Analysis of Toledo Clay — " Green Scum " of the Maumee 19 Chapter II. Pre-Historic Period ....... 23 Chapter III. The Aborigines of the Maumee Valley ..... 25 Chapter IV. Game — The Ague — Put-in Bay Islands — The Word " Maumee" . 28 III. Military .......... 35-279 Chapter I. Indian Troubles following the Revolutionary War — Indian Statesmanship — Failure of Negotiations — Gen. Wayne's Military Movements — Treaty of Green- ville—Restoration of Peace — Death of Wayne— Captain William Wells . 37 Chapter II. The War of ISTJ with England — Hull's Surrender — River Raisin Massacre —Siege of Fort Meigs — Defense of Fort Stephenson —Battle of Lake Erie— Battle of the Thames— The End in the Northwest— Early Forts— Re Unions of Veterans of 1812— Indian Character and Indian Wrongs — Indian Relics ... 52 Chapter III. The Canadian " Patriot " War . . . . . .74 Chapter IV. The Mexican War ....... 81 Chapter V. Local Military Organizations ...... 82 Chapter VI. The War of the Rebellion— Home Work .... 84 Chapter VII. The War of the Rebellion— Field Work . . . . .126 Appendix to Chapter VII ......... 274 Chapter VIII. The Roll of Honor — Cemeteries ...... 220 Chapter IX. Organizations of Union Soldiers — Armies of the Tennessee and of the Cumberland — Union Ex-Prisoners of War — Grand Army of the Republic — Loyal Legion— Woman's Relief Corps ....... 223 Chapter X. Persons and Incidents — Young Heroes .... 254 Chapter XI. Honoring the Soldiers — Memorial Day — Toledo Memorial Hall . 261 Chapter XII. In Rebel Hands ....... 264 Chapter XIII. Johnson's Island ....... 271 IV. Governmental ......... 281-394 Chapter I. Public Lands ........ 283 Chapter II. Civil Government Established ...... 285 Chapter III. The Disputed Boundary and the " Toledo War " ... 289 Chapter IV. County Affairs ......'. 313 Chapter V. Political Parties and Elections ...... 330 Chapter VI. Toledo's Siart and Progress— Port Lawrence of 1817 and 1832 — Vistula — Toledo— Local Jealousies— Additions to Toledo — Transfers of Real Estate— Officers of Toledo City Government, 1837-1SS7 ...... 370 V. Communication and Trade ....... 395-510 Chapter I. Railways— The Pioneer Railway of the West — Toledo!s Eastern Railway Lines— The Erie Gauge War— The Ohio Railroad Project— The Wabash, The Colum- Vlll. CONTENTS. -Page — , 397 bus Hocking Valley and Toledo, The Flint and Pere Marquette. The Toledo and Woodville The Ohio Central, The Wheeling and Lake Erie, The Toledo, Canada Southern and Detroit, The Toledo, Ann Arbor and Northern Michigan, The Toledo, Saginaw and Muskegon, The Toledo, St. Louis and Kansas City, and the Swan Creek Railroad-Railway Miscellany -Toledo Street R^iilways-Olden and New Time Com- munication in Ohio '■■■'"'" "xoc Chai'Ter II. Western Reserve and Maumee Road .... 426 Chai'tek in. Plank Roads 428 Chapter IV. The Telegraph 432 Chapter V. The Telephone 437 Chapter VI. The Maumee M.arine ...•••• 438 Chapter VII. Marine Incidents .....••■ 442 Chapter VIII. Toledo's Canals-The Miami and Erie an.l the Wabash and Erie 444 (JiiAPTER LX. Eariy Canal and Lake Traffic ...... 450 Chapter X. Lake Marine ........ 452 Chapter XI. Harbor Improvements . . . ■ • ■ • 460 Chapter XII. Commercial Facilities ...... 464 Chapter XIII. Toledo Warehouses— Old and New ..... 466 . Chapter XIV. Early Trade of the West 468 Chapter XV. Commerce and Traders ....... 470 Chapter XVI. Trade Organizations ...... 474 Chapter XVII. Toledo Business and Professions ..... 480 Chapter XVIII. Banks and Banking ...... 488 Chapter XIX. Real Estate Sales and Improvements . . . .505 VI. Judicial . . ■ ■ • • • • • 511-538 Chapter I. Bench and Bar (by Judge .lohn H. Doyle) - . . . 513 VII. Hygienic ......... 539-576 Chapter I. The Medical Profession (by Wm. C. Chapman, M. D., and Wm. T. Rowsey, , ]VI. D.)— Drugs and Medicines— Dentistry . , . . . 541 I Chapter II. Hospitals— Asylums— Cemeteries ..... 560 Chapter III. Drainage— Water Supply— Parks ..... 565 Chapter IV. Cholera— Drouth— Mesmerism— Epizooty ... - 573 VIII. Kelioious and Benevolent ....... 577-608 Chapter I. Early Mission Work on the Maumee River — Labors of Revs. D. Bacon, Joseph Badger and Isaac Van Tassell, ....... 579 Chapter II. Permanent Religious Work — The Methodist, the Congregational, the Pro- testant Episcopal, the Catholic, the Presbyterian, the Baptist, the Lutheran, the Unitarian, the LTnited Brethren, the Christian, the German Reformed and the Jew- ish Church— The Free Chapel— Toledo Bethel— Toledo Young Men's Christian As- sociation—Lucas County Bible Society— United States Christian Commission — Allen Street Mission — Adams Street Mission — Sabbath School Union — Home Mission — Lakeside Camp-Ground ......... 584 IX. Literary . . . . . . . ... . 609-654 Chapter I. Public Schools, with lists of Officers, Teachers and Graduates of Toledo Schools — Alumni Association— Church and Private Schools— School Books— School Statistics— Color in the Toledo Schools— Evening Schools— Toledo Manual Training School— Educational Association — Toledo Lyceum— Toledo Young Men's Associa- tion — Toledo Library Association— Toledo Public Library . . . (ill Chapter II. The Public Press— Press Miscellany— Press of Ohio in 1819, 1835, 1S77, and 1887— Printing Machinery— Amateur Printing and Publishing— Book and Job Printing — Press Associations •-...... 637 X. Annals .......... 655-706 Chapter 1. Events and Persons ........ (i.'>7 Chapter II. Personal Mention of Pioneers and other Prominent Citizens . . 675 Chapter III. Maumee Valley Pioneer Association, with List of Members— Pioneer Poetry— Maumee Valley Moninnental Association, with List of Members . . 699 CONTENTS. IX. XI. Soil Products ..... Chapter I. Fruit Culture and Horticultural Societies CitAPTER II. Agricultural Societies . — Page — , 707-716 709 714 XII. Social 717-754 Chapter I. The Temperance Cause in Lucas County— Toledo and Lucas County Women's Christian Temperance Unions— Toledo Young Women's Christian Tem- perance Union — The Retreat Mission— Suppression of Vice — Sunday Law and Order League . . . . . . . . . . . 719 Chapter II. Secret Societies — Masonic, Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Knights of the Golden Rule, Order of Chosen Friends, American Legion of Honor, Royal Ar- canum, Sons of Malta ......... 725 Social Organizations— Toledo Woman Suffrage Association, New Century Literary Club, Boatingand Fishing Association, Ladies' National Covenant, Toledo Humane Society, Toledo Woman's Exchange, Places of Entertainment. Miscellaneous, Census Statis- tics, Ohio Centennial ......... 731 Chapter III. Record of Nationality — The Gerraan Element (by Hon. Guido Marx) . 741 XIII. Trade and Manufactures ....... 755-804 Chapter I. Traders and Merchants ....... 757 Chapter II. Manufactures — Labor Associations— Statistics— Strikes . . 779 Chapter III. Fuel . . . . . . . . . .799 XIV. Architecture ........ 805-822 Chapter I. Public and Business Buildings— Fire Department — Hotels — Architects 807 Appendix 825-838 Toledo Post, G. A. R.— Ohio National Guard— Woman's Relief Corjjs — Flags and Ban- ners—Expresses — St. Stephen's Evangelical Lutheran Church — St. John's Orphan Asylum— Retreat Mission— Home for the Aged— Protestant Orphans' Home— Street Improvements —Bridges— Ferries — Toledo Police. Townships op Lucas County ....... 841-934 1. Adams, ........... 841 2. Monclova, .......... 847 3. Oregon, ........... 851 4. Providence, .......... 858 5. Richfield, ........... 864 6. Spencer, ........... 869 7. Springfield 874 8. Swanton, . . . . . . . • . . . .879 9. Sylvania, ........... 887 10. Washington, .......... 896 11. Waterville, ........... 908 12. Waynesfield, .......... 921 13. Manhattan, ........... 933 PORTRAITS AND BIOGRAPHIES. Allen, John C. . Baokus, Abner L. Bacon, Randall G. Baker, William, Baldwin, Marquis, Bartle}^ Rudolph A Batenian, Elwood, Baumgardner, Leander S Bell, Robert H. . Berdan, Peter F. Bergen, Symnies H. Bigelow, Henry W. Bishop, Amasa, Blanchard, Samuel. Boice, Reed V. . Bond, Oliver S. Bostwick, O. A. . Bowen, Charles R. . Brigham, James M. Bronson, Calvin, Brown, Sylvester J. Brown, Theodore J. Brown, Theophilus P. Carrington, Miles D. Chapman, William C Crabb, Gershom, Crane, Charles A. Cass, Joseph G. Cook, Daniel F. . Cook, Josiah D. Coy, Charles, Davis, George W. Dawson, Alexander, Doyle, John H. Eaton, Frederick, Enright. Michael J. . Fairchild, Alonzo, Farley, James, . '. Fassett, Elias, Fontaine, Eugene, . Fuller, John W. Gendron, Peter, Granger, Volentine W Griffith, Wilson W. Hagenberg, Garrett W Hall, Israel, Hart, Timothy P. Haynes. George R. . Herrick, Calvin, Hiett, John W. Hill, Charles W. Hone, James W. Page. . 930 Howard, Dresden W. H 479u Howell, Daniel Y. . 767 Hunt, John E. 532 Janney, Robert S. . 675 Jones, William W. . 762 Kaley. David, . 7efffi Kellogg, Harvey, 768 Kelsey, Aaron L. . 762a Ketcham. John B. . 75S Ketcham, Valentine H. . 550 King, Charles A. 783 Laskey, George, . . 676 Lee, John C. 678 Lemmon, Reuben C. . . 503 Locke, David R. 503 Luce, Charles L. . . 767 Lungren, Samuel S. 845 Mack, George, . 918 Marx, Guido, . 780 May, John W. . 698 Merrell, Thomas S. . 771 Messer. James C. . 421 Monroe. James B. . 479 Morehouse, Lorenzo L. . 551 Mott, Richard, 907 Myers, James. . 686 Navarre, Peter, 842 Newcomb. Alexander H . 929 Nichols, Francis L. . 571 O'Brien, Patrick, . 857 Palmer, Andrew, 502 Parker, Torance D. . 811 Pratt, Charles, . . ■ 528 Pomeroy, George E. . . 763 Potter, Emery D. 789 Prentice, Frederick, . . 873 Puck, John H. . 868 Raab, Lucas, . 687 Reed, Calvin H. 793 Reed, Isaac N. . 161 Reynolds, Jeremiah, 792 Reynolds, Sheldon C. . 772 Richards. Ransom E. 502 Roff, William, . . 773 Romeis, Jacob, 712 Rood, Emmor A. . 830 Rowsey, William T. 531 Scheets, George, . . 688 Scott, J. Austin, 509 Scott, Jessup W. . 529 Sherwood, Isaac R. 510 Skinner, Samuel W. . Page. 690 7776 704 784 549 844 842 773 762« 500 479 092 534 531 654 764 557 821 753 760 777 853 420 918 497 694 658 395 535 597 695 7626 533 830 528 712 776 873 552 559 843 472ci 727 766 394 7626 558 765 711 650 199 551 Siiifail, Isaac D. 8iuith, David, Smith, Dcnison B. . Smith. Kleazer N. Smith, Robert W. . Stei'lo, Peniiison, Stevens, Oliver, Strayer, .John, Thayer, I-yman T. . Trowhriiigf, Demetrius N. Waggoner, Clark, Waite, Morrison R. CONTENTS. Page. Page. 790 Walbridge, Horace S 472e 605 Weible, John, S50 4725 'Williams, A. Davenport, 931 008 Williams, Joseph R 6.53 786 Wilcox, Henry, 607 813 Wilcox, Minot 1 776 696 Witker, Frederick E 785 848 Worts, George 782 821 Wright, James 856 606 Young, Charles L 774 651 Young, Samuel M 499 525 Map of Maumee River and Bay . Plat of original Port Lawrence Map of Northwestern Ohio in 1817, MAPS. Page. . 320 372 . 286 Maps showing Indian Tribes, Map of LucaiS County, Page. 25,26 ii. VIKW'S. Page. Toledo, ISOO, 1846, 1888, between pages 370 and 371 First Court House of Lucas County, . . 303 Fort Meigs and Vicinity, Page. . 56 Pioneer and Improved Toledo Warehouses, 1817—1887 466 Memorial Hall 261 OfHce of Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad, . 676 Pioneer Passenger Railway Train of America, . 398 Pioneer Railway Passenger Car of the West, 404 The Whig Log Cabin, 1840 352 The Whig Coon, 1844 341 ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. The "Gerrymander," The Steamboat Walk-in-the-Water, Toledo Central and Manual Training School Building, Toledo Water Works in 1873, Trinity Church, United States Government Building, Toledo, 1888 Page. 3.39 453 630 566 591 812 PART I. STATE OF OHIO. OUTLINE HISTORY STATE OF OHIO CHAPTER I. PEE-HISTOEIC PERIOD. SETTLEMENT. TEEEITOKIAL GOVEENMENT. INDIAN TEOUBLES. — THE STATE GOVEENMENT. INTEENAL IMPEOVEMENTS. PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM. — OHIO AND MICHIGAN BOUNDARY. — -SALT MANUFAGTUBE. — EAILWAYS. — THE CONSTITUTION OF 1851. IN common with the rest of the American Continent, the primitive condition of the territory now embraced within the State of Ohio and of its inhabitants, is without reliable record. That this region was occupied by an active and intelligent race for hundreds of years before the advent of the white man, is made evident by proofs which leave no room for doubt. These are of various kinds, but consist mainly of stone and earthworks still remaining in different portions of the State. The predecessors of the European settlers have come to be known as the " Mound Builders," from the fact that the chief remains of their occupancy consist of the works so numerous, especially throughout the Valley of the Ohio, the number already found being not less than 10,000. The purposes of these works seem to have been various, and chieflj' those of fortifica- tion, religious temples and bui-ial places. The chief record by which the age of these remains can be ascertained, consists of the trees here and there found growing ujion them. From these it is calculated that at least six hundred years have elapsed since the structures were abandoned by their builders. How much longer, of course, is problematical onlj'. These people seem to have lived in a condition more or less compact, and wei-e not migratory in their habits. From proofs left, they must have carried on more or less of traffic with peoples in other and distant portions of the continent. They left nothing to indicate that they used beasts of burden or vehicles of any sort, their work having all been done by themselves, in- cluding the carrying of the heavy materials used in their mounds and fortifications. Their religion seems to have been the worship of nature, in different manifestations. Whence they came, can only be conjectured, their most probable source being Asia, entering the con- tinent from the North, moving Southward, and being followed, if not driven, by succeed- ing hordes from the same general source. What was their final stopping place, is a mat- ter no less uncertain than their origin ; but they may have moved Southward into Mexico and there disappeared. The suj^posed succes- sors to the " Mound-Builders" — the Indians — are the earliest occupants of this region known to history ; and like their predecessors, these, too, were in time called to surrender their ground, and are now fast being crowded out of their hunting-grounds by advancing civiliza- tion and human greed. They will leave very little to mark their occupancy of the country or to indicate that they ever lived. In considering the date of the first settle- ment of a country, we must at the outset de- termine what constitutes a "settlement." If adventures for discovery, trade, missionary labor, or other temporai-j' purpose, be such, it is j)robable that the earliest settlers of Ohio were parties sent out in 1680, by Count de Frontenac, then the French Governor of Can- ada, for the purpose of erecting posts or stores OUTLINE HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. for occupancy and trade. One of these parties at that time built a small stockade just below where South Toledo (Maumec City) now stands, being substantially the location of Fort Miami, erected by the British in 1794. This was an important point for trade for several years, and was finally abandoned for the more desirable location at the head of the Maumee Eiver, where Fort Wayne now stands. Other enter- ])rises of various kinds are connected with the early history of Ohio, but they can in no proper sense be considered " settlements. ' The first definite movement looking to the settlement of the territory now within the State of Ohio, was made in the organization of the " Ohio Company," in 1748, composed chiefly of Virginians, who asked the British Govern- ment for a grant of land. Their request was complied with and 500,000 acres of land given them, to be located on the South side of the Ohio Eiver, and on which a colony of 100 families was to be located. This action excited the jealousy of France, which government, by right of discovery, claimed all the territory on the Mississippi and its tributaries. Active steps were at once taken to prevent the execu- tion of the British scheme. The Governor of Canada notified the Governor of ISTew York, that any attempt to carry out such project would be followed by seizure ; steps at the same time being taken to excite the Indians against the proposed settlers. The result was what came to be known as the " French and Indian War," which, with more or less activity, was continued until the treaty of 1763, by which France surrendered her claim to the territory in the Northwest. Thus relieved of sanguinary contests and uncertainty, the few weak settlements then made took on new life, while immigrants from Virginia and Maryland slowly came to open the country to civilization. Not entirely to yield their ground, the French sought to tamper with the Indians bj' efforts to excite their passions toward the British authorities and the settlements, in which they were so far successful as to cause serious trouble. The work of satisfying the several tribes making claims to the country in question, actively be- gun in 17G8, was so far accomplished by 1769, that settlers began to appear in increasing numbers on the South side of the Ohio. The author of '-Annals of the West," says: " Among the foremost speculators in Western lands at that time, was George Washington." He, with others, in 1769, asked of the King a ffrant of 2,500.000 acres in the West. In or- der to locate such lands, he crossed the moun- tains in 1770. The first definite step toward the permanent settlement of the territory West and North of the Ohio, was taken in 1778, when the Vir- ginia House of Burgesses passed an act declar- ing that "all citizens of Virginia who were already settled there or should be thereafter settled on the West side of the Ohio, should be included in the District of Kentuckj-, which should be called Illinois County." This fol- lowed the singularly successful military ex- pedition of Gen. George Rogers Clark, in which he conquered the country of the North- west in the name of Virginia. Five years later came the treaty of peace between the United States and Great Britain, when Gen. Clark's success was made the chief basis of the claim of the United States to the terri- tory which the British Government was loth to surrender. And yet. Gen. Clark was per- mitted to spend the closing years of his life in absolute want of the ordinary comforts essen- tial to a man of intelligence and refinement. Following the treaty of 1783, came the division of the Western country into three Territories — that of the Mississippi, that South of the Ohio, and that Northwest of the Ohio. Five distinct claims to different portions of the latter were set up by the States of Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts and Virginia. Beside these, several incorporated Companies presented claims to portions, while the Indians claimed the whole as their prop- erty. One by one, the State claims were re- linquished, in part in consideration of lands set oflf to them, of which Virginia's portion was in Southeastern and Connecticut's in Northeastern Ohio (the Western Eeserve). In 1784, by treaty at Fort Stanwix (now Eome, New York), the Six Nations ceded what claim they had made to that territory. In 1785, at Fort Mcintosh (now Beaver, Penn.), the Wy- andots, the Delawares, the Chippewas, and the Tawas, surrendered their claims, save and except the large tract l}'ing between the Cuya- hoga and the Maumee Eiver, and extending South nearly to the center of the present State of Ohio. The following Indian tribes THE STATE GOVERNMENT. held reservations of lands in Ohio in 1828 : Wyandots (842 in number), 163,000 acres; Shawnees (800), 117,000 acres ; Senecas (557), 55,505 acres; Delavvares (80), 5,760 acres; Ottawas (377), 50,581 acres. Totals— 2,350 Indians, and 391,846 acres, or 1,800 acres each. All these have been relinquished, the last (by Wyandots) in 1843. Jesuit Missionaries appeared in the region between the Lake and the Ohio early in the 17th century. In 1749 English traders were at Sandusky. The Moravian Missionaries be- gan operations in Eastern Ohio as early as 1762, and were driven away after great slaughter of their converts. The first important settle- ment in the State, was that made at Marietta, in 1788, while others about that time occurred along tlie Ohio between the Muskingum and the Hockiiocking Rivers. These may have preceded that at Marietta by one year. Con- necticut claimed the territory between the parallels 41° and 42° 2', and between the Penn- sylvania line and a line 120 miles West (going to the present West line of Huron County), which was then known as " New Connecticut," and since as the " Western Eoserve." In 1792 that State granted to such of its citizens as suffered from loss of property by fire during the Eevolutionarj' War, 500,000 acres from the West end of this Reserve, which tract is now known as the " Fire Lands," and lies almost wholly within the Counties of Huron and Erie. By proclamation in 1788, Governor St. Clair declared Washington County organized, with limits extending Westward to the Scioto and Northwai'd to the mouth of the Cuyahoga, with its County-seat at Marietta. Some 10 years later the Counties of Adams, Hamilton, Ross, Wayne, Jefferson and Trumbull were established, the latter including the Fire Lands, with its seat of justice at Warren. The cap- ital of the Territory was then at Chillicothe. The closing years of the 18th century were marked by serious Indian disturbances, espe- cially in the Western portion of the Territory. These fortunately closed with the signal vic- tory of Gen. Anthony Wayne at the battle of Fallen Timbers, which occurred in August, 1794, within the present limits of Lucas County, and which was followed by the im- portant treaty at Greenville, Ohio, in 1795, whereby terms of peace were agreed upon, al- though the Maumee Valley was lelt in posses- sion of the Indians. Subsequent treaties were made— at Fort Industry (now Toledo) in 1805, at Detroit in 1807, at Brownstown, Mich., in 1808, and at the Foot of the Maumee Rapids in 1817. By these, various reservations of land were made to the Indians, which since have been extinguished, the last case being that of the Wyandots at LTpper Sandusky in 1842, which tribe left for their reservation in Kansas in 1843, then numbering about 700 souls. Under the enabling act passed by Congress, a Convention to form a Constitution for the State of Ohio, was held at Chillicothe in 1802. The County of Wayne, embracing most of the present State of Michigan, was not included in the territory of the proposed State. This ac- tion caused serious dissatisfaction on the part of the people at Detroit and Monroe, who constituted the chief residents of that region. That County was attached to the Territory of Indiana, where it remained until 1805, when it was established as the Territory of Michigan. The Ohio Convention met November Ist, and closed its labors on the 20th same month. The Constitution then formed was not submitted to the vote of the people for approval, but went into effect without such action. The object of such step is believed to have been to avoid the risk of rejection on a popular vote. The State ot Ohio was admitted into the Union in February, 1803, and the first General Assembly convened in March following.* By the Constitution the Executive was made to consist of a Governor. The General Assembly was constituted of two bodies, the Senate and the House of Representatives. Only white males of 21 years of age were admitted to vote, but no property- qualification was re- quired. All State officers, Judges and Military oflScers were made elective by the Legislature, the pay of all to be fixed by that body. The judicial power was vested in a Supreme Court, Courts of Common Pleas, Justices of the Peace, and such other Courts as the Legisla- ture might see fit to provide. Justices of the Peace were chosen bj' the people of the re- spective Townships. The State organization * The exact date when Ohio became a member of tlie Union, is with some persons, j'et in dispute ; but the time here named is what has been generally ac- cepted as the correct one. The question is one not admitting of discussion here. OUTLINE HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. was followed by an increasing immigration and corresponding development, chiefly in the sections bordering on the Ohio Eiver and the Lake. War being declared against Great Britain in June, 1812, Ohio soon came to be the scene of important military events. The early sur- render of his command to the British, by Gen. Hull, whereby Northern Ohio was at once left without protection from British and Indian attack, was the cause of most serious appre- hension on the part of the scattered settlers. But the brilliant success of Gen. Harrison at Fort Meigs in May, 1813, and of Maj. Croghan at Fort Stephenson, August 2d, followed as it was by Com. Perry's victory over the British fleet on 10th September, greatly relieved this state of things and secured immunity from attack for that region to the close of the War in 1815. In 1814 the State accepted an offer of a tract of land on the East side of the Scioto Elver, opposite Franklinton, for use as its seat of government, and in 1816 the buildings thereon were so far completed as to be ready for oc- cujiancy, when the Capital was removed. The subject of a Canal to connect Lake Erie with the Ohio, was first broiight to the atten- tion of the Legislature by the Governor in 1819, when he submitted to that body a letter from Gov. DeWitt Clinton of New Tork on that subject. Nothing was done on the sub- ject until 1820, when three Commissioners were appointed, with authority to emjjloy a civil engineer to make survey of a line for the proposed Canal. As the prosecution of the work was made to depend ujjon a grant of land by Congress along the line of the same, action was delayed until 1822, when steps were taken for the survey of four different routes, to-wit: From Sandusky Bay; fi-om the mouth of the Maumee Eiver ; from the mouth of the Cuyahoga or of Black Eiver, by the Muskingum ; and from the mouth of Grand Eiver, by the Mahoning — all to the Ohio. James Geddes, a civil engineer of New Tork, was employed for such survey. Eeport was made at the next session of the Legislature, showing each of these routes to be practicable. The Commissioners made final report in 1824, recommending the line of what is known as the Ohio Canal, from Cleveland to Portsmouth, with side-cut connection with Columbus. Se- rious in-otest was made to this decision by the friends of the other lines, and especially of the Sandusky route. For some time bitter dis- cussion through the press and protest by pub- lic meetings were kept up, including sugges- tions more or less distinct and definite of bad faith on the part of the majority of the Board of Commissioners. But this action failed to defeat the adopted plan. In February, 1824, the Commission directed two additional lines to be surveyed, to-wit: One extending from the mouth of the Scioto to Coshocton, and thence by three different routes to the Lake ; and one from Cincinnati to the foot of the Eapids of the Maumee. The estimated cost of the latter (now known as the Miami and Erie Canal) was 82,502,494; and that of the Cleveland and Portsmouth line, from §2,626,571 to §2,934,024. Operations were soon commenced on the Ohio Canal, the Coshoc- ton route from Cleveland being selected, which was completed in 1833, at a cost of §4,695,202. In 1843 a Canal from Eoscoe to Walhonding, 25 miles in length, was completed at a cost of §607,360. At the same time the Hocking Canal, between Carroll and Nelsonville, 42 miles, was finished, at a cost of $947,670. The Muskingum Eiver Slack- water Improvement (Zanesville to Marietta), was completed about the same time and cost §1,628,028. The Miami and Erie (Toledo and Cincinnati), was opened throughout its line in 1845, its length, branches and feeders included, being 323 miles. The following Canals constructed by this State have been abandoned, as no longer of sufficient service to warrant keeping in repair, to-wit : The Sandy and Beaver, connecting Bolivar and Smith's Ferry ; length, 84 miles, costing §2,000,000. The Pennsylvania and Ohio, from Akron to the Pennsylvania line ; length, 87 miles; cost §1,000,000. The Athens Branch (in part), ft-om Nelsonville to Athens; length, 14 miles. The Lebanon Branch, from Middle- town to Lebanon; 20 miles; costing §217,552. The cost of these works, as given, by no means indicates the total outlay of the State on them. The excessive rates of interest and discount on bonds sold, made necessary- by a low state of public credit and a condition of general finan- cial prostration during most of the time of their construction, would largely augment the figures given ; while the heavy expenditures for repairs and other unforeseen outlays, ma- THE SCHOOL SYSTEM. terially add to the ultimate cost. And yet, there can be no doubt as to the wisdom of their construction. The advantages gained through them by the State, were both timely and im- portant, in bringing to the producing classes the means for access to market which other- wise would have been impossible ; in promot- ing intercourse and general trade, whereby all interests were advanced; and iu these ways inviting to the State population, capital and enterprise, so indispensable to its development. To these should be added the consideration, that through the enterprise and energy requi- site for such improvements under circumstances so unfavorable, the State was made for many years the most attractive field for the best classes of emigrants from the Eastern States and the Old World, which fact accounts for her wonderful growth for many years. Canals are often unfavorably comjjared with Kail- ways, as facilities for trade and travel. As well might youth and early manhood be com- pared in results with matured age. The Btiil- way system of Ohio is indebted for its present extraordinaiy extent and vigor, more to the foundation supplied by the Canal system, than to any other one cause.* * The Canal system of Ohio embraces the following Works, to- wit : Miles. 334 261 9] •56 25 Name of Improvement Ohio Canal.- tMiami and Erie Canal Muskingum Improvement. Hocking Canal Walhonding Canal -. Total cost of Ohio Canals. Cod. $4,695,203 69 6,808,800 20 1,582,459 04 940,ai9 76 600,727 01 $14,627,»i9 79 t The Miami and Erie Canal comprises the Miami Canal (including the Warren County Canal, costing $861,473.52), the Miami Extension (costing $3,112,- 953.63), and the Wabash and Erie (costing $2,834,- 373.14). The accounts of these Works, up to Jan. 1, 1S59, as regards their net revenue and expenditure for repairs, etc., stood as follows: Canals. Ohio Canal Miami and Erie Muskingum Improve- ment Hocking Canal Walhonding Net Receipts. 87,600,169 95 4,500,067 76 493,759 02 160,181 73 - 20,230 30 Totals $12,824,408 76 $71,521 15 Net balance applicable to payment oJ interest. Excess of Expenditures aver Receipts. $15,298 25 46,522 M 9,700 86 Balance applicable to Interest. $4,476,646 43 1,663,595 47 $6,140,241 90 6,068,720 75 The School system of Ohio, now so ample and successful, dates its real commencement in 1825, and received its start in connection with the adoption of the Canal system entered upon at that time. This relation is due to the fact, that the friends of the two interests made " common cause " to some extent sixty years ago, when the first State tax for School pur- poses (one-half mill on the dollar), was levied. In 1838 the School laws were revised and a State School fund of ^200,000 was established for distribution among the Counties. The adoption by the State in 1850 of the local act known as the " Akron School Law," was a very important advance. Under it the Schools were classified so far as might be practicable, and education made free to all children and youth, save where the parents or guardians of white pupils made objection to the attendance of colored children. In 1873 the School acts were consolidated in a general law, which pro- vides for more systematic and effective man- agement, while more liberal provision is made for educational facilities. Among the powers given local Boards of Education are these : They may levy an annual tax not exceeding seven mills on the dollar; may require any language to be taught; and are required to have German taught upon demand of seventy- five freeholders of the District, representing at least forty pupils ; all branches must be taught in English ; Boards may establish separate Schools for colored children, when the number Total original cost of Construction $14,627,549 79 Total cost of Repairs - 6,782,526 15 Aggregate cost inclusive of Repairs $21,410,075 94 Interest on cost at 6 per cent, (to '59).. $14,042,447 6S Revenue from Canals applicable to interest $6,068,720 75 Received from sale of Canal lands -.. 1,753,783 51 7,822,504 26 Difference of Interest paid and Revenue received.. $6,219,943 42 From 1826 to 1836, the Counties having Canals paid in Canal tax, $481,953.78; while the Counties having no Canals, paid $474,840.59. In both .State and Canal taxes, from 1837 to 1845, the former class paid $2,962,610.65, and the latter class, $2,979,747.95. And in State taxes for all purposes, from 1846 to 1858, the former paid $13,631,416.99, and the latter, $13,097,711.75. The.se figures show that the $27,630,- 019.36 sunk by the State in cost and interest up to November 15, 1858, was about equally divided be- tween the Counties having and those not having Canals. Results since that date, as the burthen of the continued loss, are not at hand, but are probably not essentially different from the foregoing. 8 OCTLJAK imrOIiV OF TUE iSTATE OF OHIO. of such exceeds twenty, and provide suitable evening Schools for white pupils not able to attend the day Schools. The following sta- tistics for the year 1885, indicate the progress made in educational fiicilities in Ohio, to-wil: Number of vouth of school age in the State in Sep- tember.'m'. l'«»'^'» Number of youth of school age iu the State in Sep- tember. 18M 1.082,295 Number of school districts in the State -. 2,099 Number of sub-districts in township districts 11,798 Number of school-houses in townshi]) districts — ll,lo5 Number of school-houses erected within the year.- 455 Cost of school-houses within the year $1,194,821 Estimated value of school-houses, including grounds, $27,9(59,757 Number of teachers necessary to supply schools-.- 18,181 Number of different teachers actually employed-- 24,628 Average number of weeks the schools were in ses- sion in township districts - --. 29 .\venige number of weeks the schools were in ses- ' sion in separate districts -_- 34 Number of pupils enrolled in the schools 774,660 Average number of pupils iu daily attendance — 517,.569 Numberof school officers -.- .51,762 Total receipts, including balance on hand Septem- ber 1. 1884 - $18,628,709.32 Total expenditures - 10,093,938.17 There are now in Ohio 54 Colleges and other institutions of learning established under au- thority of the State. Of these 32 are Colleges mostly denominational ; 12 are Schools of Med- icine ; 7 of Theology ; and 2 of Law. What is known as the " Toledo War," arose from a disagreement between the State of Ohio and tbe United States, in regard to the bound- aiy line between that State and the Territory of Michigan. Under the act of Congress of 1802, authorizing the organization of the State of Ohio, the Northern boundary fixed for tbe same, was " an East and West line drawn through the Southern extremity of Lake Michigan running East, after intersecting the due North line from the mouth of the Miami (Maumee), until it should intersect Lake Erie on the Territorial line; and thence, with the same, through Lake Erie to the Pennsylvania line." In 1805 the Territory of Michigan was established by Congress, and its Southern boundary declared to be " a line drawn East from the Southerly bend of Lake Michigan until it should intersect Lake Erie, and East of a line drawn from the Southerly bend through the middle of Lake Erie to its Northern ex- tremity." The two lines did not tigree, a material strip of land lying between them, which was made the more important by the fact, that it included the mouth of the Maumee Eiver and the site of the present City of To- ledo. The question did not assume its full significance until 1835, when the State of Ohio found it necessary to fix upon a Northern outlet for the Miami and Erie Canal, then in the course of construction. It being necessary to reach the waters of Lake Erie within the disputed territory, the question of boundary became ui'gent. The Territory of Michigan, from the first, had exercised jurisdiction over this strip, without dispute. In 1835 action was taken by the Ohio authorities looking to the assertion of its claim to such territory, when the Mich- igan Territorial Legislature passed an act making it a penal oflfense for any person to assume to exercise official authority there, un- der color of any other authority than the laws of that Territory. This action was followed by the erection of the County of Lucas by the Ohio Legislature, to include the disputed strij). Following this, came militaiy demonstrations on both sides, which were more or less threat- ening. A few arrests were made and much liitterness provoked ; but the matter was soon put in shape for adjustment, by referring the disjJute to Congress. The result was, the con- firmation of the Ohio claim and the admission of Michigan into the LTnion with an extension of its Northern boundarj' to include the upper peninsula and the country lying along 'the shore of Lake Superior and the rich mining region of that section.* The first salt manufactured in Ohio, was made on tiie Scioto River, as early as 1794, and was transported by pack-mules across the AUeghanj- Mountains, and sold at 86 to $10 per bushel. The product of the Scioto salt- works in 1808 amounted to 20,000 bushels, and then .sold at $3 per bushel. Stronger brines appearing elsewhere, the manufacture at that point in time ceased. The salt-producing sec- tions in this State are divided as follows : District No. 1 — Hocking Valley (Athens County). No. 2 — Muskingum Valley (Morgan and Muskingum Counties). No. 3 — Tuscara- was Valley (Columbiana, Guernsey and Tus- carawas Counties). No. 4 — Ohio River Val- ley (Meigs County, Ohio, and Mason County, W. Va.) Three-fourths of the entire product of salt in these districts, is made in District No. 4, where 7,917,230 Inishels were manufac- tured in 1881. The depths of the 115 wells average 950 feet, with a strength of brine of 36 5 jier cent. * The subject of the " Toledo War" is treated more fully in a subsequent chapter of this work. CONSTITUTION OF 1851. 9 The first Eailroad charter granted in Ohio, was that of the Mad Eiver and Lake Erie Road, to connect Sandusky and Dayton (since the Cincinnati, Sandusky and C'levehmd Road), enacted June 2, 1832. Other charters soon followed, the most of which were never used. The first Railroad operated within the State, was the Erie and Kalamazoo, from Toledo to Adrian, Mich., (33 miles), and now constituting a part of the Lake Shore and Michigan South- ern Road. Its charter was granted by the Territorial Legislature of Michigan in 1832, when the entire route of the Road was under Michigan jurisdiction. It was opened for traffic during the fall of 1836, and operated by horse- power, the first locomotive being used the next summer. The Sanduskj- and Dayton Road was finished to Bellevue (16 miles), in 1839. In 1841 the Railway mileage in Ohio was 41 miles ; 572 in 1851 ; 3,024 in 1861 ; and 3,457 in 1871. In 1881, there were 5,353 miles of main track, 356 miles of branches, 194 miles of double track, and 1,185 miles of sidings, etc., making a total of 7,088 miles, of which 266 miles were in Hamilton. 258 in Cuyahoga, 208 in Lucas and 189 in Franklin County. The total taxable valuation of these Roads was then $82,- 713,780, on which Sl,223,711 in taxes was paid. The first Territorial Delegate from the Northwest in Congress, was Gen. Wm. H. Har- rison, elected in 1799. In 1800 he resigned upon being appointed Governor of the Terri- tory of Indiana, and William McMillan, also of Hamilton County, was chosen as his suc- cessor. Paul Fearing of Washington County was elected in 1801, who served until the State Government went into operation, when Thomas Worthington of Ross, and John Smith of Ham- ilton, as Senators, and Jeremiah Morrow of Warren, as Representative, represented the State in Congress, the latter continuing as such until 1813, when the State was divided into Congressional Districts. The number of these at this time (1886) is 21. Amendments to the State Constitution were added from time to time, but no general revi- sion thereof was made until the Constitution of 1851 was adopted. The changes made in the form and mode of government were not numerous, nor very important. A Lieutenant Governor was provided and made elective by the people, to preside over the Senate and act as Governor in case of vacancy, and Pi-o- bate Courts for the several Counties. The limited power of the Governor was continued. Among the more important of the provisions of this Constitution, was that forbidding the granting of licenses for the sale of intoxicating liquors, which was a departure from the pre- ceding policy of the State in that regard. A third Constitutional Convention assembled in 1873, adjourning in 1874, by which a new or- ganic law was framed, after a session of 188 days, but it fixiled to meet the popular ap- proval at a succeeding election. The work of this body was singularly unsatisfactory to the people, and not less so for the expense of which it was the source. The entire cost of the Convention of 1802 did not reach 15,000 ; whereas, the official report of the proceed- ings and debates alone in 1874 amounted to $13,695.78, the aggregate expense being but little less than $200,000. Special amendments to the Constitution have been submitted to the popular vote by the Legislature from time to time, .some of which were adopted and others rejected. Notablj- among these was the one approved in 1883, providing for a system of Circuit State Courts, intermediate between the Common Pleas and the Supreme Court, and de- signed to facilitate the administration of justice by relieving the latter judicatory of its im- practicable charge. At the same time, were submitted two antagonistic provisions relating to the liquor traffic, one for a license system, under direction of the Legislature, and the other for utter prohibition of the manufacture or sale of liquors in the State. The result was defeat of both propositions. In this connec- tion may be mentioned two separate attempts by the Legislature so to subject the liquor traffic to taxation and regulation, as should evade the prohibitoi-y section of the existing Constitution. One of these was known as the "Pond" and the other as the "Scott" law. Both were pronounced unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, although the latter act was approved by that Court when first sub- mitted. At the session of 1885-86, a third act, looking to the taxation of the liquor traflic, was passed by the Legislature. It is known as the "Dow" law, and in its general scoj^e and aim, is much like the two acts already named. ■ Its constitutionality was challenged, but the Sujjreme Court, by a decision rendered in December, 1886, affirmed its validity. 10 OUTLINE HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. The rif^ht to vote in Ohio is now secured to all male citizens, without regard to race, color or previous condition of servitude, provided they be 21 years of age, and have a residence of one year within the State, 30 days in the Coiintj-, and 20 days in the Township, Village or Ward next preceding the election. The State or general elections are held on the first Tuesdaj- after the first Monday in JSTo- vemher annually, when State, District and County officers, members of Congress and of the Legislature and Presidential electors are chosen. Elections for Township and Munici- pal officers are held on the first Monday of April annually. The General Assembly consists of a Senate ofSfi members and a House of Eepresentatives of 105 members, both chosen for two 3'ears. The sessions are biennial, although they are made practically annual by an adjournment to the succeeding January, at the close of each regular session. The Executive officers of the State consist of a Governor, with a salary of $4,000 ; a Lieutenant Governor, salary, $800 ; a Secretary of State, salary, $2,000; an Au- ditor, salary, $3,000; a Treasurer, salary, $3,000 ; a Comptroller of the Treasury, salary, §2,000; an Attorney General, salary, $1,500, and fees; and a Commissioner of Schools, salary, $2,000. Of these all are elected for two years, except the Auditor, whose term is four years, and the Comptroller and Commis- sioner of Schools, elected for three years. The Board of Public Works, three in number, are chosen for three years each. The Com- missioner of Eailroads and Telegraphs, the Superintendent of Insurance, the Supervisor of Public Printing, the Gas Commissioner and the State and Law Librarians are appointed by the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The State Board of Agriculture, consisting of ten members, is chosen by a Convention of Presidents of the County Agricultural Societies, five being se- lected each j-ear. The Supreme Court of the State consists of five members, one elective each year, and the one serving on his fifth year acting as Chief Justice. Their salary is $3,000. There are nine Common Pleas Di-stricts, each having three sub-divisions, in which are pro- vided one or more Judges, according to the demands of the ease. The Circuit Court pro- vided for in 1883 consists of 21 Judges, with salaries of $4,000 each, chosen for seven Cir- cuits, who hold two terms of Court each year. There are special Superior Courts in Cincin- nati, Cleveland, Dayton and Xenia. Justices of the Peace, elected for each Township, have exclusive jurisdiction in civil actions in which not more than 8100 is involved, and concur- rent jurisdiction with the Common Pleas in cases of $100 to $300. By act of Congress the State is divided into two Districts for United States Courts, which are held, the one for Southern Ohio at Cincinnati, and the other, for Northern Ohio, at Cleveland and Toledo. Besides, Federal Circuit Courts ai-e held in each of these Districts. Under the laws of Ohio, a married woman may hold, free from claim by her husband or his creditors, all property belonging to her at the time of their marriage or afterward ac- quired bj' her by gift, bequest or inheritance, or by purchase with her own separate means, and may, by will or otherwise, dispose of such property. Like control over her earnings is possessed by her. Divorces may be granted for three j-ears' desertion, for adultery, impo- tence, extreme cruelty, fraudulent contract of marriage, gross neglect of duty, habitual drunkenness for three years, or imprisonment under criminal sentence. The legal rate of interest is six per cent., and not to exceed eight per cent, may be agreed upon in writing, while six per cent, maj- be recovered where more than eight has been contracted. CHAPTER II. BENEVOLENT AND EEFOEMATOEY INSTITUTIONS. GEOLOGICAL SUEVEY. THE OHIO PEESS. OHIO IN THE WAR OF THE EEBELLION. — GOVEENORS. GLASS AND IRON MANUFACTURES. CLI- MATE. POPULATION OF STATE AND CITIES. — THE " BUCKEYE STATE." — HISTORICAL BREVITIES. LIBEEAL provision for the care of the un- fortunate classes has been made by Ohio. As early as 1829, and far in advance of many older States, an Asj'lum for the Deaf and Dumb was established. This was followed by an Asylum for the Blind, in 1837, one for the Insane in 1839, one for Idiots in 1857, a Keform School for Boys in 1857, an Industrial Home for Girls in 18(39 ; to which have been added five asylums for the insane — the Northern, at Cleveland; the Southern, at Dayton; the Southeastern, at Athens; the Longview,-at Cincinnati; and the Northwestern, at Toledo, the latter to succeed the Lucas (lounty Asylum. The Longview Asylum, while belonging to Hamilton County, is largely occupied by State patients. Both white and colored insane are treated there. The Eefbrm School for Boys is situated on a tract of 1,170 aci-es, si.x miles South of Lancaster. The inmates are boys sent there for crime or misdemeanor, and besides receiving literary instruction, the}^ are em- ployed in farm and other industrial work. The average detention of them is about two and one-half years. The Industrial Home is at White Sulphur Springs, Delaware County, on a tract of 189 acres of land. The inmates are girls sent by authority of Probate Courts for reasons of viciousness and incorrigibility, or for want of proper parental care. At the ses- sion of the Legislature for 1885-86, provision was made for an Intermediate Penitentiary, for the incarceration of con victs for first offense, and for crimes of lesser turpitude, the prison being located at Mansfield. The first geological survey of the State was made in 1837-8, under direction of Prof W. W. Mather. A second and more full survey was begun in 18G9,and completed in 1874, by Prof. J. S. Newberry, assisted by E. B. Andrews, Edward Orton and John H. Klippart. As shown by the census of 1880, there were then in Ohio 774 newspapers, of which 683 were printed in the English language, 89 in the German, one in the French and one in the Bohemian language. There were 57 religious papers, published for 17 different denomina- tions. Of the whole, 56 were issued daily, 584 weekly, and the balance at various periods, 90 being monthly. Their aggregate circulation per issue in 1879, was 3,093,931 copies, of which 216,336 were by dailies, and 2,877,595 by week- lies and others. Few States responded as promptly or as freel}' to the call of the Government for troops in defense of the Union, as did Ohio. Her vol- unteers were among the first at the front, and throughout the struggle their numbers v^rere kept well filled, while their service was credit- able alike to them and to the State they repre- sented. The whole number of troops furnished by this State for the Union Army was 317,133, or, reduced to the three-years' standard, 239,976, making an aggregate of 719,928 years' service. Besides these, were large numbers of local troops, doing temporary service within the State and on the border. It so happened that Ohio was made even more conspicuous in the War for the Union by the relations which many of its most distinguished leaders bore to the State, among whom may be named Generals Grant, McPherson, Sherman, Sheridan, Eosecrans, Garfield, and others of more or less renown. The Governors of Ohio and years of service have been as follows : Arthur St. Clair, 1788- 1802 ; Charles W. Byrd, 1802-1803 ; Edward Tiffin, 1803-1807 ; Thomas Kirker, 1807-1808 ; Samuel Huntington, 1808-1810; Eeturn J. Meigs, 1810-1814; Othniel Looker, 1814; Thomas Worthington, 1814-1818 ; Ethan Allen Brown, 1818-1822; Allen Trimble, 1822 ; Jere- miah Morrow, 1822-1826 ; Allen Trimble, 1826- 1830; Duncan McArthur, 1830-1832; Eobert Lucas, 1832-1836 ; Joseph Vance, 1836-1838 ; Wilson Shannon, 1838-1840 ; Thomas Corwin, 1840-1842; Wilson Shannon, 1842-1844 ; Thos. W. Bartley, 1844 ; Mordecai Bartley, 1844-1846 ; William Bebb, 1846-1848 ; Seabury Ford, 1848- 1850 ; Eeuben Wood, 1850-1854 ; William Me- dill, 1854-1856 ; Salmon P. Chase, 1856-1860 ; William Dennison, 1860-1862; David Tod, 1862-1864; John Brouffh, 1864-1865; Charles 12 OUTLINE HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. Anderson, 1865-186(J; Jacob D. Cox, 18B6-1868; Rutherford B. Hayes, 1868-1872 ; Edward F. Noyes, 1872-1874; William Allen, 1874-1876; Eutheriord B. Hayes, 1876-1877; Thomas L. Young, 1877-1878; Richard M. Bishop, 1878- 1880 ;"charles Foster, 1880-1884 ; George Hoad- ley, 1884-1886; and J. B. Foraker, 1886 . The earliest record of glass-making in Ohio, is of date of 1817, when ten glass-houses were in operation in the State. None were reported by the census of 1840 ; but six were found in 1850, four in 1860, and nine in 1870. The number in 1880 was 20, with a capital of 81,194,850, employing 1,688 hands, with a total product of S],.'i49,:!2(l. The first venture in the iron industry in Oliio was that of Daniel Heaton, in 1804. His furnace stood in Poland Townshij), now Mahon- ing County, where the present furnace of the Struthers Furnace Company stands. The next furnace in the State was that Robert Mont- gomery and John Struthers built in 1806. Of these establishments Mr. Struthers said : " These furnaces were of about equal capacit}-, and would yield two and a half or three tons per day. The metal was principally run into moulds for kettles, bake-ovens, flat-irons, stoves, andirons and other such articles as the needs of a new settlement required, and any surplus into pigs, and sent to the Pittsburgh market." The Struthers furnace closed in 1S07, and the Montgomery in 1812, by the drafting of its men into the arm3\ The next venture of this sort was at Niles, Trumbull County, in 18119, by James Heaton, where was produced the first hammered bars in Ohio. Subsequently, at various dates, furnaces ap- peared — in 1816 at Middlebury and at Tall- madge, now Summit County ; in Madison, now Lake County (the '■ Arcole " furnace), in 1825 ; and in Ashtabula, Cuyahoga, Huron (now in Erie), and in Lorain Counties. These Lake siiore establishments sprung from the deposits of bog-ore found in swales and swamps near, and generally to the North of a ridge of land which was probably once the shore of Lake Erie, and extended, with some interruptions, from the New York State line to the Huron River, the Westernmost furnace having been in Vermillion Township, now Brie County. One after another, these establishments were sus- pended, in consequence of the increasing cost of charcoal, their only fuel, and the cheaper product of regions possessing bituminous coal and larger deposits of iron. The first use of the new fuel in the State, was at Lowell, Ma honing County, by Wilkeson, Wilkes & Co., in a blast furnace which was blown in on the 8th of August, 1846 This use of uncoked coal was followed by like use at various charcoal fur- naces in the Mahoning valley and elsewhere. The discovery of the coal fields of Ohio and of the iron ores of Lake Superior, joined to stim- ulate the iron product in this State to a high degree, the latter article being found highly valuable for mixture with Ohio ores. The first rolling mill in Cleveland (in 1855) was a plate- mill, worked a direct ore process, but was not a success. Rails were first re-rolled at Cleveland in 1856. In the census of 1870 and 1880, Ohio stands second in rank as an iron-producing State. The latter return shows that there were then in the State 134 iron and steel manufacto- ries, with a capital of $25,144,294; emploj'ing 20,900 hands, at an annual cost of 88,265,070 in wages, with $34,918,360 worth of products. Pennsylvania had 366 establishments, with 58,000 hands, and $145,576,268 in products. Tlie climate of Ohio is subject to material changes, the extremes in temperature being from 16° below zero to 100" above, showing a range of 116°. The annual mean at Cleveland for ten years was 49.77° — that of January being 27.36'-', and that of July, 72.57°, showing the annual range to be 45.21°. At 'Cincinnati, the average for sixteen j'ears was found to be 54.67°; the mean for January 31.20°, and for July 78.61°. The annual precipitation ranges from 33.24 inches at Kelley's Island, to 44.87 at Cincinnati. Observations for ten years at Cleve- land, bj'CI. A. Hyde, showed tlie annual maxi- mum fall to be 48.91 inches in 1866, and the minimum to be 30.76 in 1863. The population of the State and its rank in the Union as to population, as shown b}- the Federal census, have been as follows : YE.1R. White. Colored. Total. Rank. 1800 45,028 228,861 .37fi..".72 928,329 1,502,122 1,955,050 2,302,,S08 2,601,946 3,117,920 337 1,899 4,723 9,574 17,345 25,279 36,673 63,213 79.900 45,365 2.30,760 581,295 937,903 1,519,467 1,980,329 2,339,511 2,665,260 3,198,062 1810 13 1S20 1830 4 3 1840 , 1850 1860 1870.. 3 1880 3 POPULATION OF STATE AND CITIES. 13 There are in Ohio 88 Counties, having pop- nhilion in 1880 and 1870, as follows: State. Adams Allen Ashland Ashtabula... Athens Aujilaize — Belmont Brown Butler.. Carroll Champaign . Clarke Clermont Clinton Columbiana. Coshocton... Crawford Cuyahoga ... Darke Defiance Delaware Erie Kairiield Fayette Franklin. •..- Fulton Gallia Geauga Greene Guernsey Hamilton ... Hancock Hardin Harrison ... Henry Highland ... Hocking Holmes Huron Jackson .lefferson Knox I^ake Lawrence ... Licking Logan ..: Lorain Lucas Madison Mahoning... Marion Medina Meigs. fiercer Miami Monroe Montgomery Morgan Morrow Muskingum. Noble Ottawa Paulding Perry Pickaway Pike....'. Portage Preble , Putnam 1880. Total. White. Col'd 3,198,062 •24,005 31,314 28,883 37,139 28,411 25,444 49,638 32,911 42,579 lt;,416 27..S17 41,948 36,713 24,7.56 48,602 26,642 30,583 196,943 40,496 22,515 27,381 32,640 34,284 20,364 86,797 21,053 28,124 14,251 31,849 27,197 313,374 27,784 27,023 20,4.56 20,.585 30,281 21,126 20,776 31,609 23,688 33,018 27,431 16,.326 3a,ui;8 40,4.50 26,267 35,.526 67,377 20,129 42,871 20,565 21,4.53 32,325 21,808 36,1.58 26,496 78,,5.50 20,074 19,072 49,774 21,138 19,762 13,485 28,218 27,415 17,927 27,500 24,533 23,713 3,117,920 79,900 23,662 .30,800 23,843 36,875 27,236 25,375 48,007 30,595 41,435 16,355 26,145 38,366 34,895 23,293 47,918 26,682 30,475 194,735 39,917 22,371 26,770 32,170 33,881 18,919 82,846 20,998 25,178 14,240 26.774 26,611 .302,793 27,632 26,381 19,809 20,552 28,515 20,921 20,774 31,.357 22,774 31,835 27,128 16,174 37,319 40,077 25,210 .34,361 66,281 19,046 42,419 20,868 21,417 30,527 21,502 34,984 26,416 77,234 19,881 18,928 48,446 21,044 19,726 12,838 28,127 26,140 16,700 27,356 24,051 23,619 343 510 40 263 1,170 69 1,631 2,316 1.140 61 1,661 3,5,S0 1.817 1,468 684 59 108 2,175 579 144 610 468 403 1,444 3,936 55 2,945 11 4,553 586 10,633 152 840 647 33 1,763 205 251 912 1,183 302 152 1,746 370 1.057 1,169 1,093 1,083 449 197 36 1,798 306 1,172 80 1,310 193 143 1,329 94 33 647 91 1,2.52 1,227 144 482 94 1870. Total. White. Col'd 2,665,260 20,7.50 23,623 21,933 32,517 23.768 20,041 39,714 30,802 39,912 14,491 24,188 32,070 34,268 21,914 :W,299 23,600 25,.556 132,010 32,278 15,719 25,175 28,188 31,138 17,170 63,019 17,789 25,.545 14,190 28,078 23,838 260,-370 23,847 18,714 18,682 14,028 29,1.33 17,925 18,177 28,532 21,759 29,188 26,333 15,935 31,380 36,7.56 23,028 30,308 46,722 15,633 31,001 10,184 20,092 31,456 17.2.54 32,740 25,779 64,006 20,363 18,583 44,886 19,949 13,364 8,544 18,4.53 24,875 15,447 24,,584 21,809 17,081 !,601,946 20,377 23,410 21,907 32,365 22.'.)95 19,979 38,406 28,735 38,921 14,433 23,078 30,014 32,638 20,769 37,814 23,567 25,454 130,564 31,717 15,608 24,618 27,845 30,824 16,095 60,251 17,766 22,743 14,169 24,199 23,493 2.52,934 23,730 18,440 18,197 14,017 27,449 17,783 18.173 28,332 20,970 28,183 26,144 15,835 30,120 35,513 22,066 29.196 45,944 14,928 30,744 16,087 20,042 29,841 16,810 31,691 26,676 68.197 20,127 18,440 43,719 19,864 13,272 8.069 18,366 23,7115 14,304 24,479 21,390 17,008 63,213 373 213 26 151 773 61 1,307 2,067 988 .58 1,110 2,056 1,629 1,145 485 33 101 1,445 .561 111 5.57 342 314 1,074 2,768 23 2.802 21 3,815 345 7,4.32 117 274 485 11 1,684 142 4 200 789 1,005 186 100 1,241 243 962 1,106 776 705 257 97 50 1,624 444 1,049 103 809 236 143 1,166 85 92 475 80 1,080 1,142 105 419 73 Richland... Ross Sandusky .. Scioto - Seneca Shelby Stark Summit Trumbull .. Tuscarawas Union Van Wert .. Vinton Warren Washington., Wayne Williams.. Wood Wyandot.. 1880. Total. White. Col'd 36,306 40,307 32,057 33,511 36,947 24,137 64,031 43,788 44,880 40,198 22,375 23,028 17.223 28,392 43,244 40,076 23,821 34,022 22,395 36,119 37,020 31,863 32,352 36,806 23,602 63,738 43,397 44,635 40,052 21,971 22,539 17,011 27,109 42,000 39,892 23,787 33,868 22,222 186 3,286 194 1,1.59 141 535 292 384 245 146 404 476 212 1,283 1,243 183 34 132 171 1870. Total. White. Col'd 32,516 37,097 25,503 29,302 30,827 20,748 52,508 34,674 38,659 38,840 18,730 15,823 15,027 26,689 40,609 35,116 20,991 24, .596 18,553 32,372 33,862 25,360 28,289 30,668 20,142 52,190 34,373 38,425 33,724 18,387 15,619 14,819 25,511 39,551 35,061 20,949 24,553 18,462 144 3,230 143 1,013 159 600 318 299 233 116 343 204 208 1,178 1,058 55 42 43 82 POPULATION OP CITIES IN OHIO, Having 4,000 inhabitants and over in 1880 and 1870 : Name of Place. Akron Alliance Ashtabula... Bellaire Canton Chillicothe . . Cincinnati .. Circleville... Cleveland ... Columbus... Dayton Defiance Delaware EastLiverpool Flyria .-. Findlay Fremont Gallon Gallipolis Hamilton Ironton Lancaster Lima Mansfield Marietta.' Massillon Middletown.. Mt. Vernon .. Newark Norwalk Piqua Pomeroy Portsmouth .. Salem Sandusky Springfield . . . Steubenville . Tiffin Toledo Urbana Van Wert Warren Wooster Xenia Youngstown . Zanesville 1880. Total. Native. Foreign 16,512 4,636 4,445 8,025 12,258 10,938 2.55,139 6,046 160,146 56,647 38,678 5,907 6,894 5,568 4,777 4,633 8,446 5,635 4,400 12,122 8,857 6,803 7,567 9,859 5,444 6,836 4,538 5,249 9,600 5,704 6,031 5,.560 11,321 4,041 15,838 20,730 12,093 7,876 50,137 6,252 4,079 4,428 5,840 7,026 16,435 18,113 12,901 4,159 3,652 6,873 10,315 9,295 183,480 5,543 100,737 42,576 31,432 4,751 6,006 4,612 3,667 4,255 7,077 4,765 4,144 9,587 7,647 6,087 6,614 8,371 4,788 5,381 3,821 4,735 8,424 4,842 5,159 4,467 9,695 3,731 1,128 17,646 10,150 6,650 35,778 5,579 3,871 3,732 5,233 6,436 10,678 15,996 3,611 477 793 1,152 1,943 1,643 71,659 503 59,409 9,071 7,240 1,156 888 956 1,110 383 1,369 870 2.56 2,536 1,210 716 953 1,488 656 1,455 717 514 1,176 862 872 1,102 1,6'26 301 4,555 3,084 1,943 1,224 14,349 673 208 696 607 590 4,757 2,111 1870. Total, 10,006 4,063 1,999 4,033 8,660 8,920 216,239 5,407 92,829 31,247 30,473 2,750 5,641 2,105 3,038 3,315 5,485 3,523 3,711 11,081 5,686 4,725 4,500 8,029 5,218 5,185 3,046 4,876 6,698 4,498 5,967 5,824 10,592 3,700 13,000 12,652 8,107 5,648 31,584 4,276 2,625 3,457 5,419 6,377 8,075 10,011 Native. Foreign 7,402 2,604 3,496 668 1,638 361 3,165 668 7,037 1,623 7,111 1,809 136,627 79,012 4,845 862 54,014 38,815 23,603 7,611 23,060 7,423 2,072 678 4,739 902 1,613 402 2,339 669 2,898 417 4,383 1,072 2,814 709 3,456 255 8,019 3,062 4,604 1,082 4,005 720 3,832 668 6,507 1,522 4,353 865 3,952 1,233 2,476 570 4,327 546 5,413 1,285 3,666 832 4,840 1,127 4,173 1,651 8,530 2,062 3,420 280 8.396 4,604 10,483 2,169 6,460 1,647 4,490 1,168 20,486 11,099 3,6,32 644 2,487 138 2,896 861 4,730 689 5,686 691 5,258 j 2,817 8,448 1,663 14 OUTLINE HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. On tho occasion of the 45th anniversary of the settlement of Cincinnati, December 26, 1833, a " Buckeye dinner " was given. Dr. Daniel Drake, one of the oldest and most intel- ligent physicians of the West, gave an ingen- ious and luunorous description of the Buckeye tree. He said it belonged to a family, of which but few existed. It was of the genus ^scidus, belonged to the class He-ptandria, signifying " seven men," and there were seven species of the genus, of which the Ohio species was the last discovered. Neither Europe nor Africa has a native species of ^senilis, and Asia but one, the ^sciilus-Bippocastanvm, or horse chestnut. Nearly 300 years previous, a minister from a Court in Western Europe, found this tree growing in Moscow, whither it had been brought from Siberia, and, struck by its beauty, naturalized it in his own country, where it flourished and spread rapidlj-, reach- ing England, where it became a favorite. Dr. Drake said the qualities of our native " Ohio- ensis," the " horse chestnvit," made it the fit representative of the hardy pioneers of the "Buckeye State." It is eminently prolific, hardy, beautiful in leaf and blossom, a native, and grew nowhere else until transplanted, as it had been to considerable extent. Its slow- ness in combustion made it specially valuable to the pioneers for " back-logs " in their ample cabin fire-places, where it survived the burning of several supplies of " fore-sticks " and accom- panying fuel. The medicinal qualities of the Buckeye are such, that if skillfully used, it is useful in fever and agae, but unskillfully em- ployed, it is a violent emetic. As the earliest tree in foliage each spring, it was a fitting em- blem of the advance-guard of the present millions in the " Buckeye State." A few of the more prominent facts in the history of Ohio may be stated as follows : The first permanent settlement within the bounds of the State was made at Marietta early in the year 1788, and the second settlement at what was known as Columbia, near to the present site of Cincinnati, was made in the latter part of the same year. The establishment of a Territorial Govern- ment was made by Congress in 1787, and was organized in July, 1788. The first and only Territorial Governor was General Arthur St. Clair. The first County established in Ohio was Washington, by proclamation of Governor St. Clair, July 26, 1788. The three next Counties organized were Hamilton, Wayne and Adams, that of Wayne embracing all that portion of Michigan south of Mackinaw. The first Court held within the State of Ohio met at Marietta, September 2, 1788. The battle most disastrous to the peace and welfare of the white settlers was that of Gov- ernor St. Clair by the Indians, November 4, 1791, within the limits of Darke County. The most important victory gained over the Indians was that of General Anthony Wayne, at Fallen Timbers, on the Maumee Kiver, and now within the County of Lucas, August, 1794. The first Territorial Legislature met at Cin- cinnati, Sejjtember 16, 1799. The State of Connecticut, May 30, 1801, ceded to the United States her claim to the territory since known as the Connecticut Western Eeserve, extending from the Pennsyl- vania line to the Western boundary' of Huron County, and embracing, substantially, the Counties of Ashtabula, Trumbull, Lake, Sum- mit, Geauga, Cuyahoga, Lorain, Medina, Hu- ron and Erie. The first State Constitution was formed No- vember, 1802, at Chillicothe, which had be- come the Capital of the Territory. The first State election took place in Jan- uary, 1803, the new State Government being in operation in March, following. What was known as the " Burr Conspiracy," compassing the separation of the Southwestern States and their union with Mexico, to be seized by military and naval foi'ce, was fully organized and entered upon in the year 1806, and ended in the arrest of Burr and several associates in January, 1807. The most important events in connection with the war of 1812-15, and occurring within the limits of Ohio, consisted of the successful defense of Fort Meigs, in May, and of Fort Ste- phenson, in August, 1813, and the victory of Perry over the British fleet, in SejJtember, same year. The permanent location of the State Capital at Columbus was made in 1816. The formal "breaking of ground" in the commencement of the great system of State Canals, took place at Newark, a point on the Ohio Canal (Cleveland to Portsmouth), July 4, 1825. Present and taking part- in the cere- HISTORICAL BREVITIES. 15 monies, were Governor Jeremiah Morrow of Ohio, and Governor DeWitt Clinton, of New York. The first definite steps toward a system of Public Schools, were taken in 1825. The first Railway opened within the State •was the Erie & Kalamazoo Road, in the fall of 1836. It extended from Toledo to Adrian, Mich., a distance of 33 miles. Ohio has furnished four Presidents of the United States — William H. Harrison, Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes and James A. Garfield, the first and the last named of whom died in oifice, the former after a service of one month, and the latter six months after his in- auguration. One Vice-President, Hendricks, of Indiana, was a native of Ohio. Two Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States were apjiointed from Ohio — Salmon P. Chase and Morrison R. Waite ; as were three Associate Justices of the same— John McLean, Noah H. Swayneand Stanley Matthews. Four Secretaries of the Treasury of the United States — Thomas Ewing, Thomas Corwin, S. P. Chase and John Sherman — were citizens of Ohio while holding such ofiice. Of such were three Secretaries of the Interior — Thomas Ewing, Jacob D. Cox and Columbus Delano ; throe Secretaries of War — John McLean, Benjamin Stanton and Alphonso Taft; two Attorneys General — Henry Stanbery and Alfonso Taft, and three Postmasters General — Return J. Meigs, John McLean and William Dennison. Of those prominent in the military service of the United States during the War of the Rebellion (1861-65), the following were from Ohio : U. S. Grant, James B. McPherson, William T. Sherman, Phillip H. Sheridan, George B. McClellan, Irwin McDowell, Quincy A. Gilmore, Wager Swayne, James B. Steed- man and the McCook Brothers. Among others from Ohio renowned for suc- cess in their respective spheres of activity, ai'e Thomas A. Edison, the first Electrician of the age ; Dr. Hall, the great Arctic Explorer ; Professor O. M. Mitchell, the Astronomer, who died in the military service of his country. Of eminent Divines, may here be named Dr. Lyman Beecher, of the Congregational Church; Bishops Philander Chase and Charles P. McU- vaine, of the Protestant Episcopal Church ; Bishop Edward Thompson, of the Methodist Ejjiscopal Church, and President Finney, of Oberlin College. t PART I I. LOCALITY. CIIArTER I. TOPOGEAP IIY.* GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE. • SURFACE GEOLOGY. — SOILS. — ECONOMIC GEOLOGY. JtAUMEE. THE surface of Lucas County is nearly flat, further exposed in the road West of the \'il- From the shore of Lake Erie there is an lage, so as to afford tiie following section : almost imperceptible ascent to the Western Alternations of hard gray, aud soft drab limestone.s, botl/^"- boundary, which has an elevation of from 90 thin-bedded « to 130 feet. The Lake coast is low, and ^''^'^^ive buff limestone, in part breeciated, witt> many ' .small, lenticular cavities, and some chert nodules.- 30 guarded by a sand beach. The Maumee Eiver, Gray, shaiy limestone— exposed r, wliich forms a part of the Southern boundary, Total 70 and divides the County into two unequal tri- mL ^ -^ /^ • ^ ,• ^i , „„ „ . . „ . , The Corniferoxis Group is seen to overlie the angles, descends 60 feet in a series of rapids, -itt j. i- • c< ^ ■ ^ t-.- 1 . 1 ^ ,! ,. T^ • , ,1 Waterlime in iSylvania, at r isher s quarr}-, and over limestone strata, from Providence to Mau- • ^i , , /..1 ir ^i i- c- .in tbe bed of the JMaumee, the line of junction inee Citv, the head 01 slack water and of navi- . „ i ■ t. ■ ,. i i nr / i ''' , 1 , n 1- • crossing iSylvania, Springheld, Monciova, and gation. The same beds of limestone proiect ,,r , -n " • o \i. 1 j- i- K^^ c ^ , , , , • . . i I Watervilie, in a Southerly direction. All of above the level drift, at a few points further .^ , ,.„,.. , , . „ its members are exposed in Sylvania, in a North, but have no notable influence on the , ., ,i . i- , ■^ -wj ^ r ,\ ' rockj' ridge, that lies two miles vVest of the topography. -tr-,, mi ' " ' -^ ^ ^^ n,, , * illage. They are : The rocks of the County are : Huron Shale, feet. H.,, /-, n -f n ii7„* ''■ Dark, bluish grav, sectile limestone, with crowded amilton Group, Corniferous Gri-oup, Water- fossils 5 lime Group, Onondaga Salt Group and Guelph 5. Thick-bedded, open, buff limestone, with white chert. 25 fT-nim CXiio'qrnl ■*' Drab limestone : beds to 10 inches • ijO 1 ^^ * ^ '* -J. Alternations of hard, arenaceous limestone, with fine- Guelph Gl'OVp. — There are no rock exposures grained, gray limestone 52 in the Eastern Townships, but enough outcrbijs -• '«''^>^'™' ^""^'^^ ^"^"^ sandstone (giass-sand) 20 ' " '1. Soft, massive, cream and buff limestone, with fossils have been observed in the neighboring parts at top 12 of Ottawa County to render ithighlj' probable Total ~m that the Guelph beds underlie a considerable hm i- n 4i • 1 en i, 1 • 4. ' The full thickness of the upper bed is not portion of the Town of Oregon. , . , -.^j. ., , ik <■ * it ^ '=■ shown. At vVhitehouse, 15 feet are seen, but The Waterlime and Onondaqn Salt Groups ,, .... , j a.-c? 1 ^ ^ the upper limit is nowhere exposed. At Sj'l- have not been separated in this County, and . n ji i j j- -ji ^ ^i -n^ ^ ^ ■" vania, all the beds dip rapidly to the West, there IS some doubt as to the occurrence of the 1 ^i • t 1 4 1 • ^i and their outcrops can be noted m the space latter. At Genoa, in Ottawa County, charac- n -i c: n i 41 i- i- • • u 1 ' ■' ' of a mile. Southward, tlie dip diminishes, and teristic Waterlime fossils are found but a few -1 1 n /• 4 1 11 4-1 the belt of outcrop becomes broader, until, feet above the Guelph limestone. , .,, ,, f, , ■ t) -j •» ^ where it leaves tlio County, 111 rrovidence, it The Waterlime is exposed at various points. • ^ 1 4.1 c -i at o 1 -■ i IS not less than nve miles across. JSIos. 2 and From the West line of Watervilie, to slack- ., . 4 c- 1 > at k 1 ,' 4. ' 3 outcrop at insh s quarry, JNos. 5 and (1 at water at Maumee City, it forms the bed of the -1171 -4 1 j at •> * " -i <■ 4i t? 4. , •" Whitebouse, and iSo. o two miles further hast. Maumee, presenting a series of variable sectile, r 4.1, i 1 <• ^u ivr 4.1 1 a /at ... ^ In the bed of the Maumee the glass sand (JNo. argillaceous limestones, with numerous local „% • <• 1 i^^ 4. j? iu t? 4. r e „ , 2) IS seen a few rods East of the East line of flexures, but no decided general dip. The n' • 1 1,1 • * 4 ' ° Tir Providence, and the successive strata appear same beds are exposed on the plain near Mau- . , 1 ^ 41 t) • 1 j \ ^ in order as we ascend to the rrovidcnce dam, mee City, in the bed of Swan Creek at Mon- , . , , 41 i, a? i- 4. /at r\ , .,r-., , r,. . , ■ n.-r , which rcsts on the bufr limestone (JNo. 5). clova Village, and at Fish s quarry, in North- t, -i ■ 1 n .1 u 1 1, * „ -.. , ^ '- *" tossils occur in nearly all the beds, but are ern Monciova. In Sylvania, Ten-mile Creek . ,, , , 4. • .1 1 • 1 ^ ^ +1 „ •' ' especially abundant in the highest and the cuts the \\ aterlime for some distance, and it IS , 4. ^ n ^ 1 a „ .■ [ lowest. I^ew were collected, as good speci- »See Geological Survey of Ohio. Report of J. 8. mens are rare, but of those that were preserved Newberry, Chief Geologist, 1S70. Mr. F. B. Meek, the PahTontologist of the [19] 20 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Survey, distinguished 34 species of inverte- brates. The fishes, that so abound in the eijuivalent beds at Sandusky and other points East of the great anticlinal axis, arc but mea- gerly re]iresented. A few teeth of onyc.hodus have been found in limestones 1 and 5, and the gray limestone (No. C) yielded at Sylvania a single cranial bone not referable to any de- scribed genus. The Hamilton Group is not exposed, but is believed to bo represented by a bed of soft gray shale, outcrojjping in a narrow band along the edge of the Huron shale. At Delta, Fulton County, where it was traversed in boring for oil, it has a depth of 20 feet. The Huron Shale, a hard bituminous black shale, is entirely concealed under the drift, but has been struck by the auger at many points in Richfield. It must underlie the whole of that Town, together with Spencer and Swan- ton, and the Northwest portion of Providence. Its dip is to the West. Glacial Stria; are found in Lucas County, wherever the Erie clay is freshly renaoved from the rock surface. Even the friable sand- stone of the Corniferous, which crumbles away at the first frost, has preserved them. Their bearings were noted at seven different locali- ties, and range from S. 80° W. to S. W., the general direction being S. 55° W. The effect produced, when the ice encountered some flint nodules in the waterlime at Monclova Village, is very interesting. Each hard nodule pro- jects boldly from the ice-planed surface, and retains a long train or ridge of the limestone on one side. The semi-plastic ice did not at once fill the groove curved in it by the un- yielding flint, and so failed to remove the limestone immediately behind it. These trains all point in one direction (S. G0° W.), and prove that the motion of the ice was toward, and not from, that direction. By the kindness of Messrs. Coder and Wilson, of Monclova, a slab of this worn limestone has been placed in the State collection. The superficial deposits consist of two members : the Erie clay and the Lacustrine clay and sand. The former was deposited immediately after the retreat of the glacier, and is formed of glacial detritus, trans- ported in part by icebergs. The latter are due to the sorting and redeposition of the former, by Lake action. At Toledo, the Erie clay is blue, and the Lacustrine yellow, but the dis- tinction is not general. Bowlders afford a bettor mark, for they are rarely absent, in this vieinitj', from the Erie clay, and never present in the Lacustrine. A majority of the Eric clay bowlders attest their glacial origin by exhib- iting one or more ground faces. A large and beautiful specimen of Trenton limestone, in the possession of Dr. J. B. Trembley, of Toledo, is plainly a fragment torn from the bed of the glacier, and not subsequently worn, but de- posited with its fractured edges still angular. The leveling action of the Lacustrine forces has proceeded further in Lucas than in the more Westerly Counties, as it was longer sub- merged. The original surface of the Erie clay doubtless conformed, in great measure, to that of the subjacent rock, but has been remodeled without regard to it. While there is no drift on the limestone ridge, at Sylvania, its depth is over 145 feet at Metamora, eight miles West, and nearly 100 feet at Toledo, 10 miles East. The sand tract of the County records a shore action similar to that now transpiring at the head of Lake Michigan. The sand accumu- lated by the currents, was thrown up by the waves in beaches, and by the wind in dunes. It is so fine (and hence light and mobile) that it owes its present form chiefly to the wind, and no persistent beach ridges remain. In its vertical range, it extends from 60 feet above the present Lake to 110 feet, and will not im- probably be found, when its connections shall have been traced, to represent more than one stage of water, if, indeed, it was not accumu- lated during a gradual subsidence. The belt crosses the country in a Northeast and South- west direction, covering Swanton, with a con- siderable portion of Providence, Spencer, Mon- clova, Springfield and Sylvania, and small areas in Waterville and Washington. An ex- tension Southeastward from Sylvania covers nearly the entire Town of Adams. It is reported by Dr. J. B. Trembley that a tooth of mastodon was obtained from a marsh in the Town of Sjjringfield. I was unable to ascertain the precise locality and other ])artic- ulars, but, as all the marshes of that Town lie in depressions, that originated with the dunes, the tooth cannot be more ancient than they ; and the mastodon is shown to have survived at least, to the epoch of the lowest rai.sed beach of Lake Erie. The Towns of Oregon and Manhattan, and ECONOMIC GEOLOar. 21 the Eastern part of Washington, are jjart of the tract of country to which the name of the " Black Swamp " has been applied. The soil is a fine clay, black with decayed vegetation, and varied by streaks having an admixture of sand. Lying nearly level (the average descent Lakeward is four feet per mile), it has retained water on its surface many montiis in each j'ear, and, by its aid, converted into mold the leaves and trunks that have fallen u]ion it. Most valuable assistance in this work has been rendered by the fresh-water lobsters that abound throughout the district. When the land dries they dig little wells that they may retain the supply of water essential to their existence. As the season advances, they bur- row deeper and deeper, always bringing the excavated clay to the surface, where it is mingled with the mold. In this way the mold has become incorporated with the clay to a considerable depth, constituting a soil of great endurance. The soil of Eichfield and North- western Sylvania is somewhat similar in char- acter, but has a fine gravel, evenly mingled with the clay. Along the margins of the sand district are belts of shallow sand, with clay subsoil, and supporting, like the clay soils, a heavy forest growth. The district of deep sand is covered by " oak openings." It comprises many treeless, sandy swamjis, some of which are of considerable ex- tent. There can be no doubt that thorough drainage will convert them from inhospitable, miasmatic wastes into superior farming lands. Building Stone. — The Upper Buff limestone (No. 5, in the table of Corniferous rocks) is the most important building stone in the CountJ^ It is readily quarried in largo blocks, and very easily wrought while wet. While it is an impure limestone, it contains no sand, and it owes its open texture, not to loose ag- gregation, but to the loss of some component by dissolution. It has been extensively used, with the best results, for abutments and like heavy work, and it is now proposed to saw it into slabs for lintels, sills, etc. The principal quarries are at Whitohouse and Providence, while it is also worked in S3lvania, on the farms of Mr. Lee, Mr. Shay, and Mr. Kenj-on Cooper. The Arenaceous limestone (No. 3) is likewise a valuable buildino; stone. It is most exten- sively worked by Mr. George Loob, at a point two miles Bast of Whitehouse, and by Mr. Wm. Fish, in Northern Monclova. Near the former quarry, Mr. A. Shear, near the latter, Mr. W. S. Holt, and in Sylvania, Mr. J. Eampus, have openings in the same bed. The stoneless Lacustrine clay is well adapted and extensively used for the manufacture of bricks. On the border of the .sand district it contains a measure of incorporated sand, in virtue of which it is the more readily worked. Bricks burned from it have a pale red color, which is commonly heightened by an admix- ture of the convenient ferruginous sand. Lime is manufactured for local consumption from beds of the Waterlime group, at Maumee City, at the Villages of Waterville and Mon- clova, and at Fish's quarry ; from the Drab limestone of the Corniferous (No. 4), at Syl- vania (by Mr. Cooper), and at Providence; and from the Gray limestone (No. G), at White- house. All of these form efficient and durable cements, but differ in color and facility of use. Those from the Cornifei'ous beds slake and set more quickly than the others, and evolve in slaking a great amount of heat. A series of experimental tests of these and other limes, available for the Toledo market, was under- taken, but no satisfactory result was reached, and they will be continued in the coming season. It is hoped that in the Waterlime group will be found beds suitable for hydraulic cement. Several samjdes that were selected for exami- nation have been shown, by Dr. Wormley's analyses, to resemble the best cement rocks very closely in chemical composition ; but the more practical and decisive tests are yet to be applied. The friable sandstone (No. 2) affords a nearly pure white sand, adapted to the manufacture of glass. In 1863 it was opened in Sylvania, on the farm now owned by Mr. John Eampus, by Messrs. Card and Hubbard, and a consider- able quantity quarried, ground and shipped to Pittsburgh, Pa., where it was used in making flint glass. Seven or eight hundred tons had been shipped, when the business terminated, in consequence of the death of the managing partner, Mr. Card. The price received for the sand, delivered in Pittsburgh, was 116 to $17 per ton.* * The development of the Water Supply, Building Stone and Glass Sand is noted elsewhere. HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Water Supply.— TUc tii-st discovery of the Artesian water, now obtained in so many parts oftlic Jhiuniee Valley, was made in Bryan, in 1842. The water does not differ materially in character from that ordinarily- received from the Drift, and owes its Artesian head to some peculiarities of tlie distribution of the sand beds of the Erie clay, by which they are ena- bled to carry the water which ])ermeates them from higher to lower levels, while thej^ are pre- vented from discharging it through springs bj' a continuous covering of impervious clay. The flowing wells of Williams County are part of a series that occur in a narrow belt of country, lying just West of the upper beach. The evenly spread Lacustrine clays form, in this case, the impervious cover, and the reservoir, by which the flow is rendered perennial, is aflbrded by the broad, and often deep, sand beds, from which the supply is directly obtained. More remotely it is doubtless derived from the oxi- dized upper portion of the unmodified drift, lying East of, and higher than the beaches. This is generally permeable, and receiving the water from rains, yields it slowly to the sandy beds wherever they are connected. The wells of Lucas County are of two classes, the shallow and the deep. The shallow pierce onl}- the Lacustrine deposits, and receive either the water that accumulates in the deep sands of the oak openings, or that which percolates through what sandy beds are interstratitied with the Lacustrine day; the deep penetrate nearly or quite to the rock. I am not aware that any wells draw water from the body of the Erie clay. Though it contains frequent permeable beds, they are not so connected as to permit a free circulation. At the base of the Erie clay, and resting on the rock i?i situ, there are commonly — not al- ways — a few feet, or a few inches, of gravel and sand, fVom which water rises freely, sup- plying the Artesian and other deep wells. Whether the water is confined to this horizon, or circulates also through the underlyino- rock, is a question of little importance If we say that it passes under the clay, along the lime- stone ridge, in the West part of the County, and follows the rock surface until it finds escape upwards, we shall have proposed a theory by no means demonstrable, but quite adequate to account for the Artesian head in Toledo and Oregon. The Artesian water of IJichfield rises higher than this supposed source and must receive its supply from some point further West. The water in the Toledo wells formerlj' stood 14 feet above the Lake level ; but with increasing use, has gradually fallen to seven feet, and the only wells now flowing discharge below that height. In Julj', 1859, an analj'sis of Blue Cla}' un- derlying Toledo was made. It was taken from a cut then made in Adams Street, West of Michigan Street. Fifteen jjarts of the Clay yielded the following result : Pa rts Protoxide o£ Iron (FeO) 1.25 Silica (Si05) _._ 2.7'.i Carbonate of Calcium (CaO, C0>) O.U Water (HO) 1.&? ,\lumiiia (.\10) 7.90 Trace of Sulphur and loss _ 1.21 15.00 Four parts of Alumina 3 ielded 1.25 parts of metallic Aluminum. This analj-sis at the time attracted some attention, and more espcciall}' by the showing made of Alumina. But it has never been considered best to pursue the matter further. In August, 1859, Mr. Aug. A. Fahnestock, Horticulturist, of Toledo, made careful exami- nation of the green matter, which previoush-, more than at that time, had appeared on the surface of the River at that season of the j'ear, the result of which was thus stated by that gentleman ; First, that it is the pollen or fecundating of an aquatic plant, the Zi:ani:c Aijuatic:c, or Indian Rice. Ttiis plant is always found in low, swampy lands and along the borders of Rivers and streams. It attains an altitude of from three to nine feet, and begins shedding its pollen about the 1st of August and con- tinues until late in September. The pollen when thrown from the glumes, is of an oval shape, and in color light yellow. When submerged it loses its color, and commences to vegetate ; and if it does not happen to be thrown into shallow water, soon decomposes. From the immense quantities of this pollen, many would think it impossible to be of vegetable origin ; but we have only to examine that borne by the Thistle, Poppy and many other common plants, to find a parallel. What effect this decaying vegetation may have on the health of the City, I am unable to .say. It is a question for Chemists and Physicians. Since the date above named, the pollen has almost wholl}- disappeared from the surface of the River. CIIArTEU II. THE PKE-IllSTOEIC I'EKIuD. THE bogiiiiiinijj of the history of the mouth and valley of the Mauiiioe River, i.s in- volved ill unusual obscurit}'. Tiio first settle- ments of the Dutch, and afterward of the English, were up tiio Hudson, and slowly towards the interior of the State of New York. Between these settlements and Ohio was the Iroquois Confederacy (Five Nations), the most ]iowerful of Indian Tribes. They were not in the main unfriendly to these settlements ; but there was in the earliest times little tempta- tion to penetrate beyond, and in later days the Iroquois claimed to control Ohio as their hunting-ground. In 16(19, about a quarter of a century before Lake Erie was known, Champlain, at the re- quest of the Ottawas, met in battle the Iroquois. This was the first introduction of the latter to civilization. The lines of the allies opened, and the Indians were struck, as seemed to them, by " lightning from the gods," with the usual "thunder." But the confederated Iro- quois in the end conquered the other Indian nations, and this brilliant exjiloit of Champlain, for nearly a century and a half, prevented the settlement of the Ohio. The Iroquois were not friendl}', though not alw;iys at war. The French way to the AVest, for trade and settlement, was North of Lake Erie. In 1(171, Lake Superior was quite well represented on the maps. As late as 17-14, the French official Geographer, in the map furnished for that learned work, Charlevoix's " New France," has along the South shore of Lake Erie the legend, " Toute cette cote n'est presque point comme " (All this shore is nearly unknown). The other more Southern English Colonics were separated from the West by the Alleglianies— often on the maps not inaptly called " The Endless Mouutains." Gradually from the East and the West, adventurei'S, traders and settlements ap- proached what is now Ohio; and when Wash- ington was a young man, the French and English first met in tlie West. The eounti'y of the Ohio was the border-land on which they met. It had for many years lain between (hem. It conti imed thereafter to be the border- land, all through the Revolution, and even in the war between the United States and (ri'eat Britain, known as the War of 1812. Even in that war we can tell pretty well what was done by the people of New York and of Penn.syl- vania, and the sons of Kentucky are reasonably prominent in written history. The West in British hands was well reported ; but we know little of the part of Ohio in that war, except as we gaiher its history from the narratives of citizens of other States. As was the case of the English and Scottish border, and as is the case of border-lands generally, the history of Ohio is rich in romance and di-amatic interest, but precise information is wanting. The earliest known man in Europe was the Glacial Man — living when most of Europe was covered with glaciers, and following up closely the retreating ice. A large share of the United States was similai-ly covered. The Southern limit is easily traced and with close accuracy. Even the very farms which that limit crossed, can be and have been pointed out. This Southern line — the terminal Moraine, as it is called — formed a continuous line from the At- lantic Ocean to at least the Mississippi River. The line entered Ohio on the center line of Columbiana Count}*, not far from a lino with the centei- of the State, and pursued a zigzag course to the Southwest, crossing the present valley of the Ohio in Brown County, some dis- tance East of Cincinnati ; re-crossing into In- diana l)elow Cincinnati, and zigzagging to the Mississipjii. The accumulations of the ice are found 500 to (iOO feet on each side of the Ohio River, at Cincinnati. At that point was a great glacial dam. The Ohio must have been a Lake, with its water several hundred feet higher than at present, with irregular shores — up the pres- ent Valleys of the Rivers flowing into the Ohio. Alnindant evidences are found in the l^p|)er Ohio A'alley of the existence of this Lake. Toledo, of course, was far behind the front of the belt of ice. In New Jersey — in the sd-iated beds ofgravol which were deposited by the large streams runnino; from the ice — are found thousands of [23] 24 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. relics of tho (Jiaeiiil Man, siibstiuitiallj' identi- cal with those of Kui-ope. As these are found ill undisturbed strata 20 feet and more from tho surface, they must have been deposited at the time the gravel was. In short, man lived in New Jersey while tiie ice covered the North- ern part of the State, lie may havo lived along and South of the ice-belt, in the West; and may as well have fished in the Ohio Lake and in the streams leading to it, as in tho Sea and the River which dejiosited the Trenton gravel. There have been found in the West a few I'elics similar to those of Glacial Man, and sup- posed to have been his. The line has only re- cently been traced in the W^est, so that more precise information is wanting. The Glacial Man is not long known to have been American as well, but surely living on this Continent may have been tho earliest inhabitant of Ohio; and, following the retreating ice, have been the first denizen of the Maumee Valley. The earliest man, however, who left perma- nent imprint upon the fiice of the country, was the mysterious Mound Builder — so-called, be- cause we have no other name for him. No- where are his works more numerous or more extensive than in Ohio. The Southern Vallej's of the State were his thickly populated home. These works are far less in number in the Northern part of the State, and still less in the lower Maumee Valley. That may well then have been to him, for some reason, a "borderland." The earliest dweller in Ohio may not un- lijicly — if he passed over the site of Toledo at all — have passed over a Lake. Before the Glacial period, Lake Erie was a Eiver. The glacial streams from the South emptied their waters some 200 feet lower than at present. As that is about tho depth of Lake Erie, thei-c could then have been no such Lake. The Niagara Eiver (to call it by that name% did not then flow over the present Falls, but had a channel to the North, and at a level not tiir from that below the Falls. That channel has been partly identified, but the ice which dammed the Ohio, dammed the Niagara, as well, and high enough so that in the retreat. Lake Erie ■was higber than at jJresent. The well known ridges were Lake beaches, and the Lake has not yet, by far, found its ancient k'vel. The country of the Maumee difters widely from the Moraine in its manner of deposit, and may well have been the bottoms of a Lake, higher than the present, causing a level deposi- tion of matter not so deposited where the ice alone had covered the land. Possibly, in the earlier daj's of the Mound Builder, it may have been covered with water, Niagara River having a higher bed than now. Sonic Mounds are found not far from Toledo, and on land no higher. But the days of the Mound Builder in Ohio were ended, and they had disappeared from the State. Peace gave way to war, and agriculture to a more savage life. There is no reason to sup- jjose that the jjcoiile who drove away the Mound Builders were any other than those found suc- ceeding them and in a desultory way dwelling on their lands. CHAPTER III. THE ABORIGINES OF THE MAUMEE VALLEY. WHEN the French made their tir.st ap- proach u]) the St. Lawi'cnce, the In- iliaiis in or horderinn; on Ohio might have been divided into two great lingual divisions— those speaking the Algonkin language and those of Huron-Iroquois tongues. The Iroquois proper were South of the St. Lawrence and in Central New Yoi'k. Tiio Hurons, to whom they were allied, were to the Northwest of them ; the Neu- tral Nation to the West and around the East entl of Ijake Erie ; and the Eries or '■ Cats " (so- Nations (otten thereafter called the Six Nations). The Cherokees wei'o also, it is said, of original Iroquois stock. They lived South of tiie Oiiio Eiver. It is likely the Huron-Iroquois stock and the Algonkin, or both, met and drove oil' the Mound Builders. The most Southern of the Tribes of these stocks West of the Alleghanies were the Chero- kees, of the Iroquois; and the Shawnees, of the Algonkin stock. Both languages had become much corrupted, and thej' may well have rep- called) were South of the Lake and upon the resented the advance-guard of these great u])per Ohio.* These tribes lay in a compact grations. The languages of the Delawares body, surrounded on every side by Algonkins. Miamis — the one East of the Shawnees, and In some collision or catastrophe the Tuscacoras other We.st— were more alike than either (also of Iroquois tongue) had become separated the Shawnee. and were far to the South, to return long after The jiositions of the Indian Tribes in they were first known to unite with the Five about Ohio shortly alter the year IGOO, is pn ' I bly not very inacciiratt'ly reiiresented Ijy " The Eries are here spoken of as allied by Ian- vT . guage to the Iroquois, as would appear from the early ' ^ ' French Relation, although it is not forgotten, that I" ^'"'^ ""H' the Ottawas, Miamis, Illinois lately it has been claimed that they were Algonkin. Shawnees were Algonkin. inl- and the like and )ba- the and [25] 26 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. 'I'lu' cai-lii'st in;i|i w liirli uiiilc'|-tii()l< to n'])i'0- seiit till' jMisitioiis anil iiaiuos of the Tribes at tho Wi'sl ciul of Lako Erii\ was tliat of Nicholas Siiiisoii. \\w l!'>yal Fromli Geographer, in liis little (|iiarto atlas of America. The map is it- self witlioiit (late, but is supposed to have been iiKnic alioiit 1(557. Afac simile of that part of il whieli covei's and surrounds the lower Mau- luee Valley, may be of interest. It is as follows : which only appears flowing from Chautauqua Lake. Southeast of that branch of the Ohio, are the Attionandarons (a Natidn speaking a little different language), which may mean either the Neuter.s or the Andastes (probaVily the latter). South of the West end of Lake Erie are the Ontarraronons (meaning "Lake People," as Ontario means " beautiful Lake"). The names on this map are in the main Huron, and the The positions of tlie Tribes and the siniilai'ity terinination, '' ronon," means " Nation," of names with those of the earliest Jes\iit liela- tei'minatioiis ■■ nek " and ■■ gonk " are Al tions, show that tliegi'ogra])hical date of much of tor the same. as tlie ironkin the map is 1640, about oO years before the Ohio or Mississippi was discovered. The Western Tribe of the Iroquois are the Sonontonaus (Seneeas), and East of the Genesee. The Hurons and Petuns occupy the Northern part of the I'eniusula North of Lake Erie. The Eriechro- The Jesuit Relation of 1648. written among the Hurons, says Lake Erie was foi'merly in- habited along its South coast by the Gat Nation. Avho had been obliged to di-aw well inland to avoid their enemies fi-oni the West. The On- tarraronons were likely the Algonkins. who had nons, or du Chat, are between the Eastern half ]mshed back the Eries (Cat NationV and very of Lake Eric and the Ohio, the upper part of likely the •• .Mianu due Lac." who gave name to THE ABORIGINES OF THE MAUMEE VALLEY. 27 tlio Maiimoe EiviT, at first and loiit;; c'alli'(l upmi the maps the ■' Miami due Lae." The Jjuke re- ferred ti) iiiaj' have been Sandusky Bay, at- tempted tdhe represented nn the niu]i, Imt very mueh out of position. On tliis map there ajij)ears to he a sUglit at- tempt to represent the Maunice. The Sqiien- quioronons, at tlie extreme West end of Lake Erie, may have been the Nepissing branch of the Ottawas, called Squekaneronons.* The first supposition is most probably correct, but the Indians were so apt to make a descrijjtive name, to sound to the whites like a tribal name, as to add greatlj- to the labor of studj-. In the very map before us, the Skraeronons, living East of Sault St. Marie, are simply peojile oftheSkiacor Sault. The Assistaeronons, or Nation du Ferr, represented as in Western Mich- igan, or South of Lake Michigan, were the well- known ^rasciiutins. The Jesuit TJehition of lG(i2 lias an enumera- tion of the bands of Indians in the Michigan Peninsula, all Algonkins, all friends of thcHu- rons, and all trading with the French, save some of the Five Nations and some Puauts far- thest to the West. The Outaanek are no doubt our olil friends in Northwest Ohio, tlic Ontar- raronons. The Outaonsinagouk arc substan- tially identical in luxme with the S(picnqui'i'ouon. The others are Ivichkagoneiak, Nigouanuich- iriiuk and Ouacliaskesouek. The first were jn-obably the Nepissings ; the next t(.) the last were no doubt the Nick Konek of the Relation of 1(348. likely the Couacronons of the map and no doubt Ottawas.f The geography of this map was not to be long unchanged. In 1655, before it was published in Paris, the Eries had received their final overthrow at the hands of the Iroquois — so complete, indeed, that what became of the survivors is not known. The Iroquois had before this (in 1640), overconu' and driven away from their homes, North of Lake Erie, the Hurons and the Ottawas, their allies. The Ancient Nation de Pctun (Owen- dat), kinsmen of the Hurons, were involved in the common ruin, and the Hurons and Pet- uus were afterwai'ds known as Wyandots, and lived in Northwestern Ohio until 1832. Al- though their stock and language were the Hu- ron, the Iroquois and the Ottawas were Algon- kin ; the common alliances, defeats and i-uin *Said l)y Sagard, in 11)24, to be tlieir proper name ; or the name may refer to tlie Lake " Skekonau." t Early Indian Migration in Ohio. Page 90. made them close comjianions, and the intimacy continued to the last. But this migration was not direct. The Petuns, with some Hurons, removed to Wis- consin. They were driven back to Lake Supe- rior T)y the Dacotahs, and about 1680 removed to the neighborhood of Detroit. In 1706 their war ]iarties reached the CUierokees, C'hoctaws ami Shawnees by way of Sandusky, the Scioto and the Ohio. In 1732 they claimed all Ohio as their hunting-ground, and warned the Shaw- nees to ])lant their Villages South of the Ohio. They gradually centered at Sandusky and the West end of Lake Erie, before the Revolution. The Ottawas, after the overthrow, fled to the mouth of Green Bay and beyond the Missis- sippi.- Driven back, as were the AVvandots, they were, after 1672, their inse])arable com- panions. In 1709 they were at war with the Miamis. In 1 747 the Wyandots, already estab- lished at Sanduskj-, persuaded a portion of them to settle on Lake Eric, on the lower Mau- mee, promising trade with the English.* The Indians of the neighborhood of the Mau- mee were not alone in claiming dominion in Ohio. The same Iroipiois who had driven them from the North of Lake Erie, and wlio had destj'oycd the Eries, claimed its tei-ritory as their best hunting-ground. They occui)icd a considerable part of Ohio at will, and the por- tion of Northern Ohio East of Sandusky, seems to have continued, even after the Revolution, a partly neutral ground, permanently occupied by no tribe, and no doubt the seat of many small contests. In 1685 they warred with the Illinois and Miamis, and the war was partly carried on across Ohio. The English persuaded the Iroquois to j^eace with the Western tribes, wishing under the friendshiji of that Nation to advance their own trade. The English claimed the country of the Ohio as against the French, under a deed gotten from the Iroquois in 1684, which, however, conveyed the land to be de- fended by the English to and for the use of the Indians. To use legal language, the Indians were " eertui qui trusts," and were to have the subsequent useof llie lands. t After 1696. from time to time. Iroquois, chiefiy Senccas. settled in Northeastern Ohio. In 1817 and 1818 the United States granteil the Seneca Eeservation, (now in Seneca County), on which these Indians lived until 1831. * 10 Xew England Colonial Documents, p. 162. t Wars of Iroquois, p. 27. CHAPTER IV. GAME. — THE AGUK IN POETRY AND ELSEWHERE. PUT-IN-BAY ISLANDS. THE WOKD " MAUMEE.' MAUCn ].-), lS(iO, Judo;c E. D. : livorod an aiKli-css before tlu Potter de- 10 Maumoo \'all<'3- Shooting Association, Toledo, which was devoted niainlj- to the subject of " Game in the Maumee Valley." It was a very inter- esting and valuable paper. By way of introduction, Judge Potter said, that when he ranie liere, in 1835, the entire region, North of a line drawn from the liead of Lake Erie to the Pacific Ocean, was one unbroken hunting ground, tlie settlements in the intervening .States interfering very slightly with the game. This region then con- tained a greater variety and greater abundance of valuable game than ever did any other section of the globe in the same latitude, foremost of which were the BufTalo, the Grizzly Bear, the Caribou, the Elk and the Stag. In this Valley were the Red Deer, Bears, Wolves, Panthers, Lynx, Wild Cats, Foxes and Turkeys, with an almost infinite variety of small game. In 183.5 Deer were probably more plentiful here than elsewhere on the continent, and engaged almost exclu.sively the attention of the sportsman. The Red Deer (the only kind here) gets its growth at five years — the Stag and the Hind, popularly known as Buck and Doe. The terms Buck and Doe are ap- plied to the Fallow Deer, a different kind, with large flattened horns like a hand, and are smaller than ours. The Doe, at one year old, brings forth in May or June one Fawn ; at two years and after, two Fawns, going seven months with young. The Deerrelies for safety upon his .sense of smell, and no gunner must expect to get within gunshot of him, except from the leeward. Thus located, the hunter will soon, though in open sight, find him coming within a few yards of him, utterly unconscious of dan- ger. Judge Potter stated that he had kdled Deer in every Ward of the present City of Toledo. An Oak ridge near the High School building was a favorite resort for them ; there were many in Stickney's Woods, in the First Ward ; also on the " Nose," where the Oliver House now stands, iu the Fifth Ward. Where the residence of V. H. Ketcham stands, in the Seventh Ward, was a runway for them. He never heard that there were Elk in this Valley ; but in the region of Cleveland, at an early day, they were nu- merous. Next to the Deer, the Turkey was important as game. They grew to be very large, often weighing when drawn, 30 pounds. In habit they much resem- bled the domestic bird, laying from 13 to 15 eggs, and generally hatching a full brood. To get within range of the Turkey, the sportsman must keep out of its sight. An expert hunter, by shooting into the flock or sending in his dog to scatter them, may, with his " call," get them witliin range and shoot the flock. This " call " consists of a quill or a wing-bone of the Turkey, and the expert may so imitate the bird's voice as to entice them to his very presence, if he be perfectly hidden from sight. Ihey were often caught in great numbers by Ijuilding a tight-covered pen of rails or poles; digging a trench leading under one side of it, and then scattering corn iu the trench, which they pick up, and following the bait thus jdaced soon find themselves imprisoned, and not having sense enough to look down, but onlj- up, are made secure. The Wolf is a cowardly rascal. Like some men, he wants to know who his backers are, before he goes into a fight. At an early daj', a bounty was paid for Wolf scalps, ranging from $8.00 to $25.00. He knew two trappers, one of whom was then living, w'ho would get from 10 to 15 scalps apiece during the sea- son, all being males, for they never killed females, for that would injure tlieir next year's harvest of scalps. They were sometimes caught in steel-traps, and sometimes in dead-falls; anliy from the THE WORD "MAUMEE." 33 French, and they called this River Mi-a-mi, because they found people here whom they called Miamis. They found some of the same on the two Rivers dis- charging into the Ohio, and called by the same name. To distinguish between them, they said ' The Miami of Lake Erie,' and the ' Big ' and the ' Little Miami of the Ohio.' During the extensive military operations on this River in the War of 1812, much use was made of the name by persons who did not understand French, and took the French sound of Mi-a-rai to be Maumee; and when the City of Maumee was named, this cor- ruption was confirmed. " The Miamis showed me a treaty on parchment, which they negotiated with William Penn at Phila- delphia. They said this was their first treaty with white people. It had a blue ribbon attached to the seal. In addition, there was a pressed dried heart attached to the ribbon. The end of the ribbon ap- peared to have been inserted into the heart in its un- dried state, and then dried and pressed. They told me this was the heart of the Indian who was the first signer, and who held it in his possession until his death." An unsuccessful attempt was once made to change the names " Maumee Eiver " and " Mau- mee Valley," to " Grand Rapids Eiver " and "Grand Eapids Yalley." For this purpose, a number of persons met iu Toledo November 7, 1855, and after setting forth by preamble that " the early associations of the Eiver, aided bj' a poet's wit, had given tliese an unjust and un- favorable reputation,'" it was " resolved, that the Maumee River and the Maumee Bay be hereafter known as the Grand Eapids Eiver and the Grand Rapids Bay," antl the local press of " Grand Eapids Valley " was retjuested to publish such action. The Chairman of this meeting was S. J. Kuder, and the Secretary W. M. Scott. No further mention is found of efforts in that direction, the public sentiment not approving the proposed change. The only step taken of that sort was the substitution of Grand Rapids for the name of Gilead, on the Eiver in "Wood County. Not long after the above named meeting, the nlatter of sub- stituting the name "Miami" for "Maumee," was discussed with much favor, but nothing was accomplished. Still later, the people of Maumee City— for a reason substantially the same as given in the case of the Eiver, Valley and Bay — had the name of their Town changed to South Toledo, a change which never com- mended itself to the general approval of the people of that place, or to the judgment of the public. I PART III MILITARY. II CHAPTER I. INDIAN TROUBLES FOLLOWING THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. — INDIAN STATESMANSHIP. FAILURE OF NEGOTIATIONS. — GENERAL WAYNe's MILITARY MOVEMENTS. TREATY OF GREENVILLE. RESTORATION OF PEACE. DEATH OF WAYNE. CAPTAIN WILLIAM WELLS. THE continued unsettled condition of the entire Nortliwestern country, largely agiiravated by the failures of the campaigns of Ilarmar and St. Clair, and other coincident hostile movements against the Indians, imposed upon the (lovernment imperative necessity for jjrompt and more vigorous measui*es in behalf of enforced peace. Recognizing such emer- gency, President Washington, in April, 1792, nominated General Aiithony Wayne for Major- Gcneral of the Ai-mj-, with special reference to ojierating against the Indians of the North- west. Such a])pointment was accepted by General Wayne, u]>on the expressed condition that he should not, as in the cases of Generals Harmai' and St. Clair, bo re(|uircd to advance into the wilderness before his army was ])ro]icrly constituted and drilled ; and with the I'lirlher condition, that adequate provision of material be supplied before a movement. He was specially led to such requirements by the knowledge that two of his Revolutionary com- ])alriots had sutfered failure, and one of them ((Jeneral St. Clair) serious defeat, from un- timely advance upon the enemy. The fol- lowing spring (of IT'.Kt), preliminar3' to an ad- vance by General Wayne, a Board of Commis- sioners (Benjamin Lincoln, Beverly Randolph and Timothy Pickering) was appointed by the President, with authority to negotiate a treaty of peace and boundaries with the several tribes of Indians in the Northwest. Much confidence was felt in the success of this measure, on which would depend the necessity of a military can)])aign for the enforcement of peace. In April, 1793, the Commissioners received their instructions, which included the securing of a confirmation of the treaty of Fort Harmar (17S'J), and more particularly that part of the same which fixed the boundaries and ceded to tlu^ Government the lands lying East, South and West of a line drawn up the Cuyahoga River, from its mouth to the ])ortage of the Tuscarawas branch of the Muskingum ; thence down that branch to the forks ; thence West to the portage of the Big Miami, called the Lor- amies; thence along that portage to the Miami (sometimes called Ome or Maumee), and down the same to its mouth ; thence along the Southern shore of Lake Erie to the be- ginning at the mouth of the Cuyahoga. In consideration of such concessions, the Commis- sioners were instructed to offer the Indians the guarantee by the United States of the right of soil to all remaining lands in that quarter, and the relinquishment of places granted in the former treaty for trading posts ; and also the abandonment of any military posts existing within the boundaries named in the treaty. To this, they were to offer payment of $50,000 in hand, and a permanent annuity of $10,000. The Commissioners proceeded to Niagara, where they were received by Lieutenant-Gov- ernor Simcoe, of Canada, whose hospitalities they accepted. May 30th they advised Colonel McKee, Superintendent of Indian Affairs, of their mission and their purpose to hold a treaty at Sandusky, requesting him to inform the' Indians that they would meet them the latter part of June following. General Chapin, Su- perintendent of the Six Nations, was invited to attend the treaty, with compensation. June 7th they addressed Governor Simcoe, sug- gesting the delicacy and importance of their mission, soliciting his co-operation in removing the prejudices then existing with the Indians toward the United States, and suggesting the appointment of British ofliccrs, to accompany them to Sandusky. To all this the Governor acceded. They were detained for some days by adverse winds. Meantime Colonel Butler, a British Superintendent of Indian Affairs, and Captain Brandt arrived, with some 50 Indians, a delegation from the Nations assembled at the Rapids of the Maumee, to confer with the United States Commissioners in the presence of Governor Simcoe, in regard to the proposed meeting of the Indians at the Rapids with the Commissioners, for holding a treaty. The matter was freely discussed, pro and con., but [o7] 38 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. witlioul roufhinj; an agreement for a joint . iiiui'liiig. The Iiidian.s made it a condition j)reeo(k'nl to iindertakin.tr: a treaty, that the Ohio River should be the boundary between their hinds aud those of the Whites. This liroposition was signed by Chiefs of the Wyandots, Dehiwares, iShawnecs, Miamis, Mingocs, Pottawatomies, Ottawas, Conuoys, Clii|>iiewas and Alunsees. JJeplj-ing to sucii 2:)roposition, the Commis- sioners said : We do know very well, that at the treat}' of Fort .Stanwix, 25 yi'ars ago, the Kivcr Ohio was agreed on as tlie boundary line ; and we also know, tliat seven yeare after that boundary was fixed, a quarrel broke out between your father, the King of Great Britain, and the ])eoi)le of the Colonies, which are now the United States. The quarrel was ended by the treaty of i)eaoe made with the King about 10 years ago, by wliifh the great Lakes and the waters which unite them, was declared by him to be the boundaries of the United States. The Commissioners then refer in detail to the several ti'eaties with tribes held subsequent to the close of the Revolution, and in support of tlie claim to a division of the lands North of the Ohio, cite the White settlements already made within such territory, which could not be abandoned. The Indians were inflexible in their condition of boundary', when the Com- jni.ssioners declared the negotiations ended, saying : " We sincerely regret that peace is not the result; but knowing the upright and liberal views of the United States, which, so far as you gave us opportunity, we have explained to you, we trust that impartial judges will not attribute the continuance of the war to them." This was done at Captain Elliott's, at the mouth of the Detroit Eiver, August 16, 1793. In this connection may properh- be given a specimen of the acumen and true statesman- ship which marked the discussion of the rude denizens of the forest. For such purpose is reproduced a portion of the final answer of the Indian Council at the Rapids of the Maumeeto the communication of the Commissioners in which they declared the negotiations closed. Referring to the offer of money consideration by the Commissioners, the Council said : Money to us is of no value, and to must of us unknown. And, as no consideration whatever can induce us to sell tlie lands on which we get sustenance for our women and children, we hope we may be allowed to point out a mode by whicli your settlers may be very easily removed, ami peace thereliy ob- tained. We know [as the Commissioners bad stated] that these settlers are poor, or they would never liave ventured to live in a country which has been in continual trouble ever since they crossed the Ohio. Divide, therefore, tliis large sum of money which you have offered us among these people. Give to each, also, a portion of what you say you would give to us annually, over and above this very large sum of money ; and, as we are persuaded, they would most readily accept it in lieu of the land you sold them. If }'ou add, also, the great sum of money you must expend in raising and paying armies, with a view to force us to yield to you our country, you will cer- tainly have more than sufKcient for the purpose of repaying these settlers for all their labor and their improvements. You have talked to us about con- cessions. It appears strange that you should expect any from us, who have only been defending our i-ights against your invasions. We want peace. Re- store to us our country, and we shall be enemies no longer. You make one concession to us by offering us your money ; and another, by having agreed to do us justice, after having long and injuriously withheld it — we mean, in the acknowledgment you now make, that the King of England never did, and never had a right to give you our country, by the treaty of peace. And you want to make this act of justice a part of your concessions; and you seem to expect that because you have at last acknowledged our inde- Ijendence, we should for such favor surrender to you our country. You liave talked, also, a great deal about pre-emption, and your exclu.sive right to pur- chase Indian lands, as ceded to you by the King at the treaty of peace. We never made any agreement with this King, nor with any other nation, that we would give to either the exclusive right of purchasing our lands ; and we declare to you that we consider ourselves free to make any bargain or cession of lands whenever or to whomsoever we please. If the White people, as you say, made a treaty that none of them but the King should purchase of us, and that he had given that right to the United States, it is an affair that concerns you and him, and not us. We have never parted with such power. * « * » We jg. sire you to consider that our only demand is the peaceable possession of a small part of our once great country. Look back and review the lands from whence we have been driven to this spot. We can retreat no further, because the country behind hardly atibrds food for its inhabitants; and we have, there- fore, to leave our bones in this small place to which we are now confined. We shall be persuaded that you mean to do us justice when you agree that the Ohio shall remain the boundary line between us. If you will not consent thereto, our meeting would be altogether unnecessary. This is the great point which we hoped woulil have been explained before you left your homes, as our message, last Fall, was principally directed to obtain that information. Done at the foot of the Maumee Kapids, the loth dav of August, IT'Jo. FAILURE OF NEGOTIATIONS. :!9 Tlii.s cloi'i.sivo message was signed by all ti'ibes represented in Couneil at that place, viz.: The Wyandots, Delawares, Shawnees, Mianiis, Mingoes, Pottawatomies, Ottawas, Connoys, Cliijijiewas and Munsees. Thus closed the ettbrts of the Government to negotiate for an adjustment of existing troubles, without the arbitrament of arms. Considering the matter at this distant period, free from the conditions involved, it is difficult to see how the ease of the Indians could have been more clearlj' or more fbrcil)ly put. It has been truly said of the matter, that " among the rude states- men of the Wilderness, there was exhil)ited here as pure ])atriotism and as lofty devotion to the good of their race us ever won applause among civilized men. The White men, ever since they came into the country, had been en- croaching upon tlieii' hinds. They hud long before occupied all the regions bej'ond the mountains. They had crushed the Confed- eracy which the far-sighted Poutiac had formed to f)rotect his race 30 years before. They hud taken possession of the common hunting grounds of all the tribes, on the faith of treaties they did not acknowledge. They were now laying out settlements and building Forts in the very heart of the country to which all the tribes had been driven, and which was now all they could call their own. And now they asked that it should be guaranteed to them that the boundary which they had so long asked for should be drawn, and a final end made of the continual aggressions of the Whites; or. if not, they solemnly determined to stake their all, against fearful odds, in de- fense of their homes, their country, and the inheritance of their children. Nothing could be more j)atriotic than the position they occu- pied, and nothing could be moi'e noble than the declarations of this great Council."* While, however, the world must ever accept and admire the lofty patriotism and heroic de- votion thus shown by these untrained states- men of the forest, and question the course of aggression to which they were made subject, the fact remains of the im])ractical)ility of the policy of defiance to which their logic led tln'm. It was not — unfortunately for them — un issue for decision by rea.sou or by discussion ; but a case of peace or war, in which superioi-ity in *" Annals of the West," J. D. Albach, lS.i6, pp. 631-G32. arms, not in fact und urgument, was to determine the result. But there was with the Indians a most imjjortant — jierhaps a controlling — consid- eration, outside that of the justice of their cause, to wit: The assurance of British, and even the hope of Sjianish, intervention, should the case come to arms. The proof of this was found in admissions by the Indians, and speeches and messages of British and Spanisli emissaries active in encouraging the Indians to resistance of American demands. Accepting the situation as thus plainly fixed by the Indian Council, the United States Com- missioners, the following day (August 17th), left the mouth of the Detroit Kiver and reached Fort Erie on the 23d, whence they advised General Wayne of the outcome of their attempt at treaty. That officer at once directed his eftbrts toward raising, organizing and equijiping such force as would be necessary to the gigantic charge thus devolved upon him, meantime keej)ing himself advised, as fur as might be, of the plans und movements of the Indiuns. He was supplied with proof clearly showing the strong assurance of these, that in the crisis at hand they would have the active and decisive support of the British. Two Pottawatomies, taken jirisoners in June, 1794, replied to ques- tions as follows : When did your Nation receive the invitation from the British to join them and to go to war with the Americans? On the first of tlie last moon. The niessajre was sent by three Chiefs — a Delaware, a Shawnee and a Miami. What was the message brought by those Indian Chiefs, and what number of British troops were at Roche de Ba-uf * (foot of Rapids of the Maumee), May l.st? That the British sent them to invite the Potta- watomies to go to war against the United States ; that they (the British) were then at Roche de Banif, on their way to war against the Americans; tliat the numl)er of British troops then there was about -100, with two pieces of artillery, exclusive of the Detroit Militia ; and had made a fortification around Colonel McKee's houses and stores at that place, in which they had deposited all their ammunition, arms, cloth- ing and provision, with which they promised to sup- ply all hostile Indians in abundance, provided they would join and go with them to war. What tribes of Indians, and what their numbers, at Roche de Bieuf, on the 1st of May? [17'.I4.] The Chijipewus, Wyandots, Shawnees, Tawas, Delawares and Miamis. * A point on the North side of the Maumee River, and a. short distance above Waterville, Lucas County. 40 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. The prisoners further stated that Governor Simt-oc the previous "Winter sent the Potta- wiitomios a mossatje urging united war against the Americans, saying he would cotnmand the whole force; and again in May, 1794, from Roclie (Ic Banif, sent another message, promis- ing fullest support in the ju-oposed hostilities. " All the speeches that we got from him," said they, " were as red as blood ; all the wampum and feathers were painted red; the war pipes and hatchets were red; and even the tobacco was red." They stated the Governor promised to join the Indians with 1,500 of his warriors; but the tribe wanted peace, except a few fool- ish young men. Like testimony was obtained from members of other tribes — all concurring in clearlj* cslablishing the unscrupulous ac- tivity of the Briti.sh authorities in fomenting trouble and encouraging hostilities on the part of the Indians, but for which promise of suj}- port the whole difficulty would probably have been adjusted on a peaceful basis. If more conclusive proof be wantingas to the part taken by the British Government in fo- menting antagonism between the Indians and the United States, it is supplied in the fact, that in April, 1794, Governor Simcoe was sent to the Eapids of the Maumee, within the ac- knowledged territories of the United States, and atatime of special irritation between tbeln- diansand our Government, to erect there a Fort. This action could have no other possible object, than bj' such mea,ns to encourage the savages with assurance of active support from the Brit- ish Government. About the same time, and as if in co-operation with the British intervention, a messenger from the Mississippi Province of Spain appeared in the Xorthwest, for the pur- pose of giving the Indians assurance of the sym- pathy and support of the Spanish Government. The character of his mission is shown in the opening sentences of his address to the Indians : "Children!" said he, "you see nic on my feet, grasping the tomaliawk to strike them. We will strike together. I do not desire you to go before me m the front ; but to follow me. I present you with a war-pipe, which has been sent in all our names to the Musquakics, and all those Nations who live to- ward the setting Sun, to get upon their feet and take hold of our tomahawk ; and as soon thev smoked it, they sent it back with a promise to get immediately on then- feet, and join us and strike this enemy You hear wliat these distant Nations have said to us, so that wc have nothing further to do, but to put our designs into numediate execution, and to forward this pij.e to the three warlike Nations who have so long been struggling for their country, and who now sit at the Glaize. Tell them to smoke this pipe, and forward it to all the Lake Nations and their Northern Breth- ren. Then nothing will be wanting to complete our general union from the rising to the setting of the Sun, and all Nations will be ready to add strength to the blow we are going to strike." The reasons and object oijerating both with Great Britain and Spain, in such alliance with the Indians, were understood at the time. The former power in March, 1793, had joined Russia in stejis for cutting off the trade of France, then in a revolutionary state, with a view to the subjection of that country. To that end, the British Government, in June, 1794, issiied an order for interdicting trade with all ports of France or ports occupied by French troops. To this the United States interposed its jsrotest, and the matter soon assumed the character of serious irritation. This source of trOi;ble, added to the lingering sensibility over the result of the recent revolution and the in- terests of Indian trade, was sufficient with the British Government to induce it to the aggres- sive action taken with the Indians. Spain's motive for the steps taken bj' her, arose in jealousy provoked by the advance of American colonies toward her domain in the Mi.s.sissippi Valley. She had long been tampering with the Indians in the South, and now turned her attention to those of the Korth, in the hope of crippling the advancing settlements in the Northwest. While measures were in progress with refer- ence to a peaceful adjustment of difficulties with the Indians, General Wayne was active in the raising, equipping and drilling his forces for aggressive steps, should such be found nec- essary. On the 30th of April, 1793, he moved down the Ohio, from Legionville, and encamped near Fort Washington, at a point called " Hob- son's Choice,"* from the liict that the high water prevented the selection of any other place in the vicinity. Here he was engaged in drilling his troops, etc , while negotiations for peace were in progress at the North. Such " This term is understood to have had its origin in the practice of the pioneer livery-keeper of Cam- bridge, England, whose name was Hobson, and whose rule was, that customers mu.st, in succession, take the horse nearest the stable door, to the end that no favoritism should be shown or advantage had by one customer over others. Hence, " Hobsou's Choice " is no choice. GENERAL WAYNE'S MILITARY MOVEMENTS. 41 menacing prejiarations were offensive to the Indians, and had no doubt the effect of embar- rass! ni;; peaceful measures. Tiie Uniteil States Commissioners left the mouth of Detroit Eiver August 17, 1793, and arrived at Fort Erie on the 23d, whence they despatched a messenger with notice to General Wayne of the failure of the negotiation. That ofHccrat once commenced o]ierationslookingto an earl}^ advance toward the Maumee Eiver. October 23d, he was six miles from Fort Jeffer- son ; and soon thereafter, in view of the ap- ])roach of the AVinter season, he established Winter-quarters at Fort Greenville (built by him), near the site of the present Town of Greenville, Darke County. While lying there he sent out a detachment to the field of St. Clair's defeat, where 600 skulls were gathered up and buried. One of the party stated that before lying down in their tents at night, they had to scrape the bones together, to make room for their beds. Here was built Fort Eecovery. During the early months of 179-t, General Wayne was engaged in preparation for a care- ful, but sure, advance, ilcantime, by means of Captain Gibson and his force of sjiies, he was ke])t advised of the plans of the Indians. July 26th, Colonel Scott, with 1,600 mounted Kentucliians, joined Wayne at Greenville, and on the 28th, his force moved forward. He reached the junction of the Au Glaize and Maumee Elvers, at Grand Glaize, and built Fort Defiance at that point. The Indians, learning of his approach, had hastily abandoned their Towns. Wayne was disappointed in not reaching Grand Glaize, the headquarters of the Savages, without discovery ; but they learned of ills advance through a runaway member of the Quartermaster's Corps, who afterwards was taken at Pittsburgh. To accomplish such sur- prise, Wayne had cut two roads — one to the Eapids of the Maumee, at Eoche de BccuF, and another to the junction of the St. Mar3''s and St. Jo.seph, while he pressed forward between the two, which strategy was defeated by the deserter referred to. While at Fort Defiance, Gen. Waj'ne became fully advised of tiie movements and plans of the Indians, and of the collusion with them of the British authorities. In order, however, that hostilities even then might be averted, he ti-ansmitted by Christopher Miller a message to the Indians, appealing to them, in the name of humanity and peace, for an amicable adjust- ment of matters, closing his address in the fol- lowing language : Brothers! Be no longer deceived or led astray 1)3' the false promises and language of the bad men at the foot of the Rapids. They have neither power nor inclination to protect you. No longer .shut your eyes to your true interests and happiness ; nor your ears to this overture of peace. But, in pity to your inno- cent women and children, come and prevent tlie further effusion of your blood. Let them experience the kindness and friendship of the United States of America, and the invaUiable blessings of peace and tran(iuillity. This was dated at Grand Glaize, August 13, 1794. Advancing down the Maumee, Gen. Wayne met Miller on the 16th, with the message of the Indians, to the ett'ect, that if he would wait ten days at Grand Glaize, they would decide for peace or for war. Fully understanding the subtle design of such a projjosition. Gen. Wayne continued his advance, reaching Eoche de Bceuf, 41 miles below Grand Glaize, on the 18th. Here he commenced some light works, which he named Fort Deposit, taking its name fiom the fact that its chiefpurpo.se was that of de- posit for heavy baggage during the battle then imminent. On the 20th, about 8 a. m., Wayne moved down the North bank of the Eiver. The Indians were encamped on Swan Creek, in rear of the British Fort (Miami), and behind thick brushwood. The Legion was on the right, its right covered by the Eiver. A Brigade of mounted volunteers on tiie left, under Brig.- Gen. Todd, and another in the rear, com- manded by General Barbie. A select Battalion of mounted men, under Major Price, moved in front of the Legion, whose duty it was to give notice foi- anj- needed action. About five miles down. Price's force was so severely assailed by the enemj', ambushed in woods and grass, as to compel retreat. In two lines, the Legion prom])tly formed, extending some miles on tlie left, and some distance in Iront. Tiie presence on the ground of a large quantity of fallen timber, the result of a severe tornado a j-ear or two previous, constituted a barrier insurmount- able to the Cavaliy, while aftbrding e.xceilent defense for the enemy, who were formed in three lines, within supporting distance, and extending for nearly two miles, at right angles with the Eiver. The purpose of the enemy to turn AVaj'ne's left was at once discovered. The 42 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Cieiicral ordered Ins sccoiul line to iulvance to llio supjiorl of the lii-wl, the wluiU^ iiuninteil I'oree lieiiiif in motion. lie directed .Major- (.ieneral Seott, \>y a eireuitoiis movcnient to gain and (urn liie ri^'lit flank of tlie Indians, the front line at tiic same time advancing and charging with trailed arms, to drive the enemy from their covert at the j)oint of the bayonet, a close and well directed fire to be dealt at their backs, followed by a brisk charge, in order that no time be allowed them for re-loading. The Legionary Cavaliy, under Cajitain Camp- bell, were sent to tni'n the left flank of the en- emy, next the IJiver, for which operation the field was favorable. All these movements were made vyith jiromptness. Such was the impet- uosity of the charge by the first line of Infan- try, that the Indians, Canada Militia, and De- troit Volunteers were driven from all coverts so suddenly, that it was impossible for other portions of the command to gain their jiroper positions in season to participate as contem- plated by the plan of the movement. The re- sult was, that by a force one-half tbeir own, the Indians were driven two miles through thick woods, within the space of one hour. Their number was estimated at 2,000 ; while of Wayne's force, not more than 900 were suf- ficient to drive the savages and their allies precipitately in all directions, leaving the vic- tors in complete possession of the field. The battle closed in full view of the British Fort, and even under the muzzles of its guns. A large portion of the Indians found themselves so completely cut ott' from retreat, that they took to the Eiver, across open ground, in passing which many were cut down by the Cavalry, Avho followed them into the stream. Captain Campbell, of the Dragoons, was killed, and Captain Solomon Van Rcnnssalaer, of the same Corjjs, was shot through the body, devolving the command ni that force on Lieu- tenant Covington, who had cut down two In- dians during the fight. The General's orders made strong commendation of all oflicers and men engaged, specially recognizing Brigadier- General Wilkinson and Colonel Hamtramck. His Aides (I)e Butts, Lewis and Wm. H. Har- rison) and Adjutant General (Major Mills) were also mentioned tlir s]iecial service. Besides these, like acknowledgment was made as to Captains Lewis and Brock of the Light Infan- try; of Captains Slough and Prior and Lieu- tenant Caiu])liell Sniilli of the Legionary Infantry; Captain Van Eennssalaer of the Dragoons, and of Captain Eawlins, Lieutenant McKinney and Ensign Duncan of the Mounted Volunteers — all wounded in the engagement. Among the dead, wei-e Captain Campbell of the Dragoons, and Lieutenant Fowler cif the Infan- ti-y ower whatever until I receive orders for that puriKi.se from those I have the honor to serve under, or tlie fortune of war sliould oblige me. I must still adhere, sir, to the purport of my letter this morning, to desire that your army, or individuals be- longing to it, will not ap])roach within reach of ray cannon, without expecting the consequences at- tending it. Although I have said, in the former l>art of my letter, that my situation here is totally military, yet, let me add, sir, that I am much de- ceived if His Majesty t!ie King of Great Britain had not a post on this Itiver at and prior to the period you mention. "Tlie only notice tiikeu of this letter," says Wayne, ■• was the immediate' setting tire to and destroying everj-thing within view of the Fort, and even under the muzzles of the guns. Had Major Campbell carried his threats into execu- tion, it is more than iirol)al)le that lie would have ex])ericneed a storm." It has been confidently stated, with much appearance of correctness, that Little Turtle, or Mosh-e-noh-qua, the famous Miami Chief, who had already successfully fought St. Clair and Ilarmar, was opposed to meeting General Wayne at the Mauniee Eapids. It was re- ported that at a council held the night previous to that engagement, lie addressed his associates. counseling prudence, sajing: We have beaten the enemy twice, under different commanders. We cannot expect the same good for- tune always to attend us. The Americans are now led liy a Chief who never sleeps. The night and the day are alike to him. And during all tiie time he has been marching upon our villages, notwithstand- ing the watchfulness of our young men, we have never been able to surprise him. Think well of it. There is something whispei-ing me it would be pru- dent to listen to his offers of peace. The fact is well attested of a general belief among the Indians of the Northwest, tiiat General Wayne was supernaturally endowed, and thus invulnerable. This view no doubt operated lai-gely toward the condition of dis- couragement and apprehension on their part wiiich followed their great disaster at Fallen Timbers in August, 1794. The immediate object sought in this expedi- tion to the Maumee Eiver having been attained in tiie brilliant and complete victory of " Fallen Timbers," General Wayne by easy inarches made his way to the Grand Glaize, arrivino- there August 27th. On his way he laid waste whatever could be found of the villages and cro]JS of the Indians, extending his search for the same to a distance of 50 miles North and South of the Eiver. Fort Defiance was im- proved and strengthened for subsequent use. Thence Wayne proceeded to the Miami Vil- lages, which General Harrison had laid waste in 1790, at which point General Wayne con- structed a strong tbrtification. which was named Fort Wayne, being now the site of the City of that name. October 14th the Mounted Volunteers inarched thence to Fort Washing- ton (Cincinnati). Leaving a sufficient force at Fort Wayne, the General, with a remnant of his former command, proceeded to Greenville, where he ai-rived November 2d, after a fii- tiguing tour of 97 days, during which ho marched upwards of 300 miles, through the heart of the enemy's country, being compelled to cut his way throughout a dense wilderness, meantime erecting three fortifications— Fort Adams, at the St. Maiy's ; Fort Defiance, at Au Glaize, and Fort Wayne at the Miami Villages. The effect of long fatigue and exposure upon General Wajnie's troops was very severe. The sick list was large, rendering many unfit for duty. Besides these causes, the army was re- duced materiallj* by expiration of terms of ser- vice. Such state of things gave not a little apjirehension of unfortunate results, should the enemy by any concerted movement renew their hostility. To pirevent this, every effort was made to keep them ignorant of the true state of things with him. Meantime, General Wayne was kept advised of the active eftbrts of the British authorities to cheer up the Indians, and, with promises of more adequate support, sought to encourage them to renewed war. Thus, on the 30th of September (40 daj's after the battle on the Maumee), Governor Simcoe, Colonel McKeo and Captain Brandt, arrived at the foot of the Eapids, with 100 Mohawk and Massasagoe In- dians, having sent for Chiefs of other hostile tribes to meet them with reference to a treaty to be holden at the mouth of Detroit Eiver. It was further learned that the above ])nrties, with Bluejacket, Buck-on-ge-iielas, Little Tur- tle, Captain Johnny, and Chiefs of the Dela- wares, Miamis, Shawnees, Ottavvas and Potta- watomies, had started for the same jjlaee, TREATY OF GREENVILLE. -15 October 1st ; and that the Indians were being supplied with provisions from the British stores at Swan Creek. Otlier information, indicating strong probabilities of the success of British collusion, was received by General Wayne and forwarded to the War Department at Wash- ington, with a strong appeal for recruits for his enfeebled array. His anxiety was increased by the killing of Colonel Eobert Elliott, the acting Contractor, by the Indians, while pass- ing between Cincinnati and the out-])osts, Oc- tober 6, 1794. With all these untoward facts and indica- tions. General Wayne was in receipt of com- munications from Chiefs of different tribes friendly to peace, with some of a hostile nature. As the Fall and Winter passed, the friendly .sentiment communicated to him increased in strength, making the situation somewhat more ho])eful. It was evident, that the Indians were not agreed as to their policy. A majority were disposed to war, provided British pledges of help could be relied on. It was a source of se- rious doubt on that point, that the Port built at the foot of the Eapids ostensibly for their protection, was kept closed against them on the occasion of their extremest distress, in the defeat of August 20th — neither Chiefs nor War- riors having been admitted to its protection from Wayne's fierce assault. Wayne saw that with a divided sentiment among the Indians, there was hope for an early adjustment of the trouble. The result was, a steadily growing tendency toward permanent peace among the several tribes; and by June, 1795, several Chiefs, without apparent concert of action, began to assemble at Greenville, with the view of a treaty of peace. The first to arrive were Delawares, Ottawas, Pottawatoinies and Eel Eiver Indians. After they had received and smoked the calumet of j)eace. General Wayne addressed them as fallows : I take you all b>' the hand, as brothers, assem- bled for the good work of peace. I thank the Great Spirit for this glorious Sun, who appears to rejoice at our meeting ; and also for permitting so many of us to assemble here this day, being the first of the Moon, for the purpiose of holding a treaty. The Great Spirit has favored us with a clear sky, and a refreshing breeze, for the happy occasion. 1 have cleared this ground of all brush and rubbish, and have opened roads to the East, the West, the North and the South, that all your Nations may come in safety, and with ease, to meet me. The ground on which this Council- house stands, is unstained with blood, and is pure as the heart of General Washington, the great Chief of America, and of his great Council— as pure as my heart, which now wishes for nothing, so much as peace and brotherly love. I have this day kindled the Council-lire of the United States ; and I now de- liver to each tribe present, a string of white wam- pum, to serve as a recor(i of the friendship, this day commenced between us. [Wampum delivered.] The heavens are bright— the roads are open— we will rest in peace and love, and wait the arrival of our brothers. In the interim we will have a little refreshment, to wash dust from our throats— we will, on this happy occasion, be merry, but without passing the bounds of tempei-ance and sobriety. We will now cover up the Council-fire and keep it alive till the remainder of the different tribes assemble, and form a full meeting and representation. To this greeting Te-ta-bosh-ke, King of the Delawares, replied in the expression of a friendly sentiment, when the fire was raked up and the Council adjourned. The next day, June 17th, 40 Pottawatomies, with their Chief, New Corn, arrived and were received. On the 21st, Buck-on-ge-he-las, with a party of Delawares, and Asi-me-the, witb more Pottawatomies, came in. On the 23d arrived Le Gris, the Little Turtle, and 70 Mianiis. On the 25th, the Chiefs present assembled, and were addressed by General Wayne, in a few words of friendlj' feeling. On the 26th, 34 Chippewas and Pottawatomies arrived. June 30tli, the Chiefs, on their own motion, assembled, when several of them addressed the General in warm terms of friendship. The same occurred on the 3d of July. On the 4th, A-gosh-a-way and 23 Ottawas arrived from Detroit. On the 15th of July, the Council met, with present Chiefs of the Wyandots, Delawares, Ottawas, Pottawatomies, Chippewas, Miamis, and Wabash tribes, and was formally opened, by uncovering the fire and administering the oath to interpreters. General Wayne addressed the Council, setting forth the condition of af- fairs and the importance of permanent amica- ble relations. The Council was continued fi-om day to day, being addressed by most of the principal Chiefs present, upon the several parts of the treaty which General Wayne presented for their consideration. On July 30th, the same was unanimously approved by every tribe represented, to wit : The Chippewas, Ot- tawas, Pottawatomies, Wjandots, Delawares, 40 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Shawnccs, Miamis, AVcas and Kickapoos. On the 8d of August, the treaty having been transcribed, was again read in Council and duly signed by General Wayne on the part of the United States, and the Chiefs for their re- spective tribes. The Council met at different times thereafter, and finally adjourned on the KHh. The attendance of the several tribes was as follows: "Wyandots, 180; Delawares, 381; Shawnees, 143; Ottawas, 45; Chippewas, 46 ; Pottawatomies, 240 ; Miamis and Eel Elvers, 73; Weas and Tiankcshaws, 12; Kickapoos and Kaskaskias, 1(». Total attendance, 1,130. The basis of this treaty was the one made at Fort Harmar in 1789. Its main provisions as follows: 1. Hostilities were immediately to cease and all prisoners discharged. 2. The boundaries between the lands of the United States and those of the Indians, were to begin at the mouth of the Cuyahoga Eiver; run thence up the same to the portage between that and the Tuscarawas branch of the Mus- kingum ; thence down the latter to the crossing- above Fort Laurens ; thence Westerly to a fork of that branch of the Great Miami run ning into the Ohio, at or near which fork stood Loramie's store, and where commences the portage between the Miami of the Oliio and St. Mary's Eiver, a branch of the Maumee running into Lake Erie; thence a Westerly course to Fort Eecovery, on a branch of the AVabash ; thence Southerly in a direct line to the Ohio at the mouth of the Kentucky. 3. As compensation to the United States for goods formerly delivered and those to be delivered, and indemnification for injuries and expenses of War, the Indians ceded all lands lying Eastwardly and Southerly of the boundarj- line here described. 4. The following Ees- ervations of lands within the territory of the Indians, were made to the United States : One at Loramie's Store, six miles square ; one at Girty's Town, on the St. Mary's Eiver, two miles square ; one at head of navigable water of the Au Glaize, six miles square; one at Fort Defiance, six miles square ; one at Fort AVayne, six miles square; one about eight miles West from Fort Wayne, on the Wabash Eiver, two miles square; one at old Wea Towns, on the Wabash, six miles square ; one at the foot of the Eapids of the Maumee, 12 miles square; one at the mouth of the Mau- mee, six miles square; one upon Sandusky Lake, where a Fort formerly stood, six miles square ; and one at the lower Eapids of the Sandusky Eiver (now Fremont), two miles square. Provision was also made for the re- linquishment of all claim by the Indians to post at Detroit and certain lands in that sec- tion ; to the post at Mackinaw, and lands in that vicinit}' ; to lands at the mouth of the Chicago Eiver, and other points in Illinois. Free access was granted by the Indians for all necessary communication with all reserved lands within the Indian territory-. The United States agreed to pay to the Indians annually in goods, at market cost, the sum of $9,500, to be divided among the several tribes, with the provision that any tribe might change its an- nuity from goods to domestic animals, farming implements, etc., at their choice. The Indians were to possess their lands in quiet, for the purpose of hunting, planting and dwelling thereon, so long as they pleased, without mo- lestation by the United States ; but when they should desire to sell the same, they should be sold onlj- to the United States. Meantime, the Indians were to be protected from all in- vasion by Whites. Intruders were to be pun- ished and removed by either party to the treaty. The Indians could hunt on lands ceded by them. All injuries were to be re- ferred to law for adjustment, and not privately avenged ; and all known hostile designs against either to be made known to the part}^ con- cerned. Such, in substance, is the most important Indian treaty that had then or has since been negotiated in the West. Dated August 3, 1795, it was presented to the Senate December 9th, and ratified December 23d following. It is difficult to estimate all that was involved in the question of peace or continued war with the several tribes who then menaced the settle- ment of the great Northwest, and the lives of the scattered settlers already there. The honor won by General Wayne in the short space of one year — from August 20, 1794, to August 3, 1795 — b}- means of one battle and one treaty, in bringing permanent j^eace to that region, in spite of British perfidy, is enough to commend his name to lasting and grateful remembrance of mankind. No other citizen has been per- mitted to do as much for this section. It is a source of just pride with the citizens of Lucas County and of the Maumee Valley, that the RESTORATION OF PEACE— BEATII OF WAYNE. 47 first and controlling success of General Wayne in this great result was won at Turkey Foot Rock. Permanent peace having thus been secured and the Indians placed beyond the reach of collusion and temptation, the British Govern- ment in 170G surrendered its posts within the limits of the United States, including Fort Miami, at the foot of the Uapids of the Maumee, the Town of Detroit, and the mili- tary works there and at Mackinaw, pursuant to the treaty negotiated in 1793 by Chief Justice Jay. As soon as he had received those Posts, in the name of the Government, and made ar- rangements for their care. General Wayne pro- ceeded to Erie, on his way to AVashingtou. On his passage down the Lake, he was seized with a violent attack of gout in the stomach, which terminated in his death before reaching the port of destination. He was buried at Erie.* Upon disinterment of the body by his son, many years thereafter, for removal to his place of nativity, it showed no signs of decay, a result supposed to have been due to antiseptic qualities of the soil, which would, in time, * In his " Notes on the Northwestern Territory," Judge Burnet states that one of General "Wayne's motives in going from Detroit to Philadelphia at this time, was to meet certain cliarges made against him by General Wilkinson. What these were, is not specifically stated. General Wayne characterized them as unfounded and malicious. Suffice it here to state, that no attempt ever was made to sustain them ; and tfiey were entirely disi'egardcd at the War Department. General Wilkinson was one f)f the most aecomplislieEi: 53 justice, that were sucli event immediately probable, the War Department would not liave failed to advise him of the fact in time for proper action on his part. On the day General Hull left Dayton for his march North, President Madison sent to the Senate his message recommending a declara- tion of War with Great Britain. Two days later, Senator Calhoun, from the proper Com- mittee, made a report approving such step ; and on the 19th the important declaration was made by Congress in secret session. It was on the day previous to this final action, and 17 da3-s after the President recommended the same, that the Secretai-y of War forwarded to General Hull the letter received bj- that officer on the 24th, in which no reference was made to even a probability of early hostilities. It seems that dispatches were forwarded for Gen- eral Hull on the HHh of June, b}' ordinary course of mail, to Cleveland, reaching there on the 2!1th. By direction, the Cleveland Post- master disjiatched a me.ssenger with this letter to General Hull, who received it July 2d, making tlie time of its passage 13 days. The British commander at Maiden received infor- mation on the Ist of July, of the declaration of War. It thus reached him one day ahead of General Hull's intelligence, coming m'a Fort Erie and the Nortliern shore of Lake Erie, by express, the distance being 100 miles greater til an was traveled by that officer's advices. It was stated, that so certain was the British commander at Fort Maiden that the Americans were first informed of the declaration of War, that he delayed his movement for the capture of Detroit. While General EuU was thus left to the delaj' of uncertain transmission of intel- ligence on which the success of his important campaign rested, letters franked by the Secre- tary of the Treasury and containing notice of what had taken place, were sent to the British post at St. Joseph, near the Northwestern shore of Lake Huron, and to Maiden, reaching the latter place June 28th, or four days before the War Department's notice was received by General Hull. The American forces made their way, unop- posed, to Detroit, crossed the River to Sand- wich, July 12th, preparatory to movements for the capture of Maiden and the conquest of Upper Canada. General Hull's lack of fitness for his position was here manifested" in the irresolution and hesitation in his action, due chiefly to a sense of the weakness of his forces. To such source of embarrassment was added the impatience of his command for an advance. For the space of 26 days — from July 12th to August 7th — he remained practically idle, awaiting intelligence of a contemjjlated move- ment on the Niagara frontier, which did not take place, the result of such non-action at that point being the rapid transfer of British troops from the Niagara to the Detroit Eiver. The cause of such failure, was found in the failure of General Dearborn to make a diversion at Niagara and Kingston, in Hull's favor, the former having, instead, made an armistice with the British commander, thereby j)ermitting the diversion of a portion of the latter's forces for the support of Colonel Proctor at Maiden. The result was, that on the 16th of August, without a serious attempt to accomplish the great jjurpose and end of his commission, Gen- eral Hull disgracefully surrendered Detroit, the chief strategic point on the boundary of the two countries, together with 1,400 brave and true men, long eager for battle, to a force consisting of .300 British troops, 400 Canadian Militia (disguised in red coats, the uniform of British soldiers), and less than 100 Indians ; or about one-half the number of his own com- mand. Whatever the prevailing cause of his fatal inaction, there can be no possible justifi- cation or excuse therefor. It matters little, whether he was jjossessed by absolute cowardice — by fears that his own troops would be unfair with him— by apprehension for the personal safety of his daughter and grandchildren as captives of the Indians — or by a weakness the result of habits of intemperance — whether either or all of these led to his fatal imbecility in action, his grave offense against his country remained the same. That he was not duly forearmed for his campaign, in either proper force or timely information of the exigency of the crisis, could properly have been pleaded in justification of failure in any earnest movement he might have made toward the execution of his charge. But no possible excuse could be found for his failure to undertake anything in that direction. He could have been in no sense responsible for results; but he was in the highest degree responsible for proper eftbrt toward desirable results. Other commanders, throughout the history of wars, have, like him, -.4 IIISTORY OF TOLEDO AA'D LUCAS COUNTY. suffered from lack of adequate support ; and many of the most brilliant records of com- manders have been made in the face of such want. In illustration of this fact, it is necessary only to cite the memorable defense of Fort Stephenson, by Major Croghan and his little band, against the very forces to whom General Hull had surrendered his superior command * J.ake Erie was at that time wholly com- manded by the British fleet, and no route open for supplies to the United States forces in this region, save that through the Black Swamp and other forests of Northwestern and Central Ohio ; to which were added the serious peril and annoyance arising from the presence in these forests of hostile Indians, requiring a strong military guard for every train of wagons and pack-horses. A few days after its date, the following note was received by Governor Meigs, at Chillicothe, to wit: Detroit, July 12, 1812. Dear ,9ir;— The Army arrived here on the 5th. I have now only time to state to you, that we are very deficient in provisions, and I have autliorized Mr. Piatt to furnish a supply for two months. The communication must be preserved by your Militia, or this Army will perish for want of provis- ions. We have the fullest confidence that j'ou will do all in your power to prevent so distressing a cal- amity to this patriotic Army. I am very respectfully. Your obedient servant, W. Hull. His Excellency, R. J. Meigs, Governor of Ohio. This letter was furnished by SamuelWilliams, who, at the time of its date, was connected with *The following were the terms of General Hull's surrender : " Camp at Detuoit, IGth August, 1812. " CajntvJatwn for the surrender of Fort Detroit, entered into between Major General Brock, commanding His Britannic Majestifs Forces, on the one pari, and Brigadier General Hull, commanding the North- western Army of the United Stales, on the other part. " 1st. Fort Detroit, with all the troops, regulars as well as militia, will be immediately surrendered to the British forces, under the command of Major General Brock, and will be considered prisoners of war, with the exception of such of the militia of the Michigan Territory who have not joined the army. " 2d. All public stores, arms, and all public docu- ments, including everything else of a puljlic nature, will be immediately given up. "3d. Private persons and property of every de- scription will be resjiected. Governor Meigs, and afterwards found the orig- inal copy of the same among his papers and carefully preserved it, first making it public in a narrative of Military Campaigns of 1812 and 1813, published in the Ladies' Repository, a publication of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in 1854. The object General Hull had in writing this letter, is not entirely clear. The attendant facts furnish very slight proof of the good faith of its author. The probable end sought in sending it, was to lay foundation for the plea subsequently put forth, that the criminal surrender of his command to the British was made necessary by a lack of supplies. A Court Martial was appointed for the trial of General Hull. It met in January, 1814, and reached a decision March 23, in pronouncing the accused guilty of the second and third charges (cowardice and neglect of duty), but acquitting him of treason. By a vote of two- thirds of the Court, he was sentenced " to be shot to death," but recommended to the mercy of the President, by whom he was pardoned and his name stricken from the Army roll. Martin Van Buren, subsequently President of the United States, was Judge Advocate in the trial. One of the specifications of the first charge of treason, was as follows: That he traitorously contrived to convey intelli- gence of the declaration of War, of the expedition under his command, and of the number, state and condition of his Army ; by hiring an unarmed vessel at the Kapids of the ]\Iianii of Lake Erie, and putting on board a trunk containing a copy of the declaration of War, his correspondence with the .Sec- retary of War, etc., with the intent that they should fall into the hands of the enemy. " 4th. His Excellency, Brigadier General Hull, having expressed a desire that a detachment from the State of Ohio, on its way to join his army, as well as one sent from Fort Detroit, under the command of Colonel McArthur, .shall be included in the above capitulation — it is accordingly agreed to. It is, how- ever, to be understood that such part of the Ohio militia as have not joined the army, will t>e permitteil to return to their homes on condition that they will not serve during the war. Their arms, however, will be delivered up, if belonging to the public. ".5th. The Governor will march out at the hour of twelve o'clock this day, and the Britisli forces will take immediate jjossession of the fort. "Approved: "William Hull, Brig. Gen. " Commanding the N. W. Army. " Isaac Brock, Major General." THE RIVER RAISIN MASSACRE. 55 The first definite movement toward the re-conquest of Michigan from British con- trol secured through Hull's surrender, con- sisted of the advance of General Harrison's Army from the South. On the 10th of January, 1813, General Winchester, with his command, reached the Foot of the Eajjids; Harrison, with the right wing, being yet at Upper San- dusky; and Tapper, with the center, at Fort McArthur. On the 13th, and again on the 16th, Winchester received messages from the inhabitants of Frenchtown, on the River Raisin, setting forth the danger to which that place was exposed from the hostility of British and Indians. This intelligence acted strongly upon the sjmpathies of General Winchester and his command, and on the 17th Colonel Lewis was dispatched with 550 men to the River Raisin ; followed by Colonel Allen, with 110 more. Proceeding along the borders of Maumee Bay and the Lake, then frozen, Lewis reached the point of destination on the 18th, when he at once attacked the enemy, posted in the Village, and gained possession of the .same. He then sent for much needed rein- forcements and prepared, as well as he could, to strengthen his position. The situation was very critical, since he was but 18 miles from the whole Britisli force, then lying at Maiden, under Proctor. Winchester, learning of the situation, stai'ted with 250 men on the 19th, the.se being all lie dared to withdraw from the Rapids, and reached Frenchtown on the even- ing of the 20th. Instead of taking ordinary precaution against surprise, he suffered his forces to remain on open grounds, notwith- standing he was warned of the danger of momentary attack by reinforcements from Maiden. Sure enough, on the night of Jan- uarj- 2l8t, the entire British force, unobserved, arrived and placed a battery within 300 feet of Winchester's camp. Early in the morning, and l)efore the American troops were under arms, the British opened vigorous fire into their camp, soon followed by thu dread yell and whoop of the Indian allies. Partial pro- tection l)y garden pickets had been secured to Ijewis's force; but nothing interposed to shield the imprudent Winchester's men, who received the main attention of the combined enemy, and who soon gave way, and fled precipitately, and were mown down at fearful rate. Both Winchester and Lewis were captured. The lat- ter's forces were maintaining their ground un- til they received from Winchester what they understood to be an order for surrender, upon which they acted, although that oflicer declared that his message was intended as suggestion or advice, and not an order. He was induced to send it by Proctor, the British commander, by representing to him that by such step alone could he save his men from an Indian mas- sacre, at the same time pledging, in case of sur- render, protection to iirisoners. Such promise was never regarded, as the inhuman barbarities that followed, abundantly showed. Of 800 men there under Winchester, full one-third were killed in battle and the massacre which followed, and less than 40 escaped, the rest being taken prisoners. Something of the real character of that murderous scene, will be seen from the follow- ing account thereof, given by Dr. Gustavus M. Bower, Surgeon's Mate of the Fifth Kentucky Regiment, an ej'e-witness. It is as follows : Yours of the 5th instant, requesting me to give you a statement respecting the late disaster at French- town, was duly received. Rest assured, sir, that it is with sensations the most unpleasant that I under- take to recount the infamous and barbarous conduct of the Britisli and Indians after the battle of the 22d January. The blood runs cold in m}' veins when I think of it. On the morning of the 23d, shortly after light, six or eight Indians came to the house of Jean Bap- tiste Jereaume, where I was, in company with Major Graves, Captains Hart and Hickman, Doctor Todd, and fifteen or twenty volunteers, belonging to differ- ent corps. They did not molest any person or tiling on their first approach, Init kept sauntering about until there was a large number collected (say one or two hundred), at which time they commenced plun- dering the houses of the inhabitants, and the massacre of the wounded prisoners. I was one amongst the first that was taken prisoner, and was taken to a horse about iwenty paces from the house, after being divested of part of my clothing, and commanded by signs there to remain for further orders. Shortly after being there, I saw them knock down Captain Hickman at the door, together with several otliers with whom I was not acquainted. Supposing a gen- eral massacre had commenced, I made an eflbrt to get to a house about one hundred yards distant, whicli contained a number of wounded, but on my reaching the house, to my great mortification, found it surrounded by Indians, which precluded the pos- sibility of my giving notice to the unfortunate vic- tims of savage barbarity. An Indian chief of the Tawa tribe of the name of McCarty, gave me posses- sion of his horse and blanket, telling me by signs to lead the horse to the house which I had just before ii/srnny of Toledo and lvcas county. left. The Indian that first took me, by this time came up, and manifested a liostile disposition towards me, !))■ raising liis tomahawk as if to give me the fatal blow, whifli was prevented by my very good friend McCarty. On my reaching the house which I had first started fi-om, I saw the Indians take ofl' several prisoners, which I afterwards saw in the road, in a most mangled condition, and entirely stripped of their clothing. Jdessre. Bradford, Searls, Turner and Blythe, were collected round a carryall, w'hich contained articles taken by the Indians from the citizens. We had all been placed there, by our respective captors, except Blythe, who came where we w'ere entreating an Indian to convey him to Maiden, promising to give him forty or fifty dollars, and whilst in the act of pleading for mercy, an Indian more savage than the other, stepped up behind, tomahawked, stripped and scalped him. The next that attracted my at- tention, was the bouses on fire that contained several wounded, whom I knew were not able to get out. After the houses were nearly consumed, we received marching orders, and after arriving at Sandy Creek, the Indians called a halt and commenced cooking ; after preparing and eating a little sweetened gruel, JSIessrs. Bradford, Searls, Turner and myself, re- ceived some, and were eating, when an Indian came up and proposed exchanging his moccasins for Mr. Searls's shoes, which he readily complied with. They then exchanged hats, after which the Indian inquired how many men Harrison had with him, and, at the same time, calling Searls a AVashington or Jladison, then raised his tomahawk and struck him on the shoulder, which cut into the cavity of the body. Searls then caught hold of the tomahawk and ap- peared to resist, and upon my telling him his fate was inevitable, he closed his eyes and received the savage blow which terminated his existence. I was near enough to him to receive the brains and blood, after the fatal blow, on my blanket. A short time after the death of Searls, I saw three others share a similar fate. We then set out for Brownstown, which place we reached about 12 or 1 o'clock at night. After being exposed to several hours' inces- sant rain in reaching that place, we were put into the Council-house, the floor of which was partly covered with water, at which place we remained until next morning, when we again received march- ing orders for their ^^llage on the river Rouge, which place we made that day, where I was kept six days, then taken to Detroit and sold. For a more de- tailed account of the proceedings, I take the liberty of referring you to a publication which appeared in the public prints, signed by Ensign J. L. Baker, and to the publication of Judge Woodward, both of which I have particularly examined, and find them to be literally correct, so far as came under my notice. There can be no reasonable ground for doubt, as to where lay the real responsibility for this atrocious scene, to wit: With the British commander. The actual perpetrators might plead the barbarous dispositions and practice of their race, in partial extenuation of their savagery ; General Proctor, in sliame- fully consenting thereto, had no such mitiga- tion. The bloody work was done by his own command, without even protest. The only pretext put forth in his behalf, was, that he believed to be true a report set afloat by American prisoners, for the purpose of intim- idating their captors and staying their lives, that General Harrison, with a large force, was at Otter Creek. This report — known to the Indians as incorrect — was sufficient to fi-ighten the British to flight to Maiden. Harrison, on the night of the 16th, started from Upper Sandusky for Lower Sandusky (Fremont), and on the 18th dispatched a Bat- talion to Winchester ; and learning the situa- tion, he hastened to the Maumee Rapids, ar- riving there on the morning of the 20th, and waited there until the evening of the 21st, for a Kegiment, which fell behind in crossing the Black Swamp. On the 22d this Regiment was dispatched to Frencbtown, other troops follow- ing. The movement was in vain, since the fatal engagement occurred on that day, and Harrison met a few survivors before reaching the ground. It was not deemed best to pro- ceed, and the forces returned to the Rapids ; whence, as a matter of precaution against be- ing cut off from convoys of stores and artillery yet in the Black Swamp, Harrison proceeded to " Carrying" (Portage) River, to await rein- forcements daily expected, but which, in con- sequence of I'ains, did not arrive until the 30th. Now reinforced by two Regiments, Gen. Harrison, on the Ist February, advanced toward the Rapids, where he set about the construction of a fortification, which, in honor of the Governor of Ohio, he named Fort Meigs, where his entire force was concen- trated. At the same time fortifications were constructed at Ujjper Sandusky. The situation in the Northwest, at this time, was far from satisfactory — the chief military results there, since the opening of the War, having been the capture of Mack- inaw, the surrender of Hull, the massacre at Chicago, and the massacre on the River Raisin. Harrison found an entire change in his plans necessary, as a result of Winchester's FORT MKIGS AND VICINITV. MAUMEE RIVER. A— Gun Batteries. B— Mortar Battery. C— Blockliouses. D— Luokoliis, E— Old Magazine. F— New Magazine. H— Gateways in the Grand Traverse. K— Outer Gateways. M— Graves of Offleers. N— Officers' Quarters. P— Store Houses. R— Forges and Repair Shops. S— Burial Ground of Pittsburg Blues. T— Garrison Burial Ground. The Guns were placed in position at the different Batteries as occasion requiretl. BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF FORT MEIGS, FROM THE NORTH. Across the River from the Fort, where the main British Batteries were planted. ■:A ,3::^-^^^§5t»=* ji" 4 Across the Fort nn uunutes before Vi, the enemy commenced firing. At live minutes before 12, the action commenced ou our part. Finding their fire very destructive, owing to their long guns, and it being most directed to the Lawrence, 1 made sail and directed the other vessels to follow, for the jiurpose of closing with the enemy. Every Ijrace and ))0w being .shot away, she became unmanageable, notwith- standing the great exertions of the sailing master. In this situation she sustained the action upwards of two hours, within canister-shot distance, until every gun was rendered useless, and a greater part of the crew either killed or wounded. Finding she could no longer annoy the enemy, I left her in charge of Lieu- tenant Yarnall, who, as I was convinced, from the liravery already displayed by him, would do what would comport with the honor of the flag. At lialf-past two, the wind springing up, Captain Elliott was enabled to bring his vessel, the Niagara, gallanth- into close action. I immediately went on board her, when he anticipated mj' wish by volun- teering to bring the Schooner, which had been kept astern by the lightness of the wind, into close action. It was with unspeakable jiain, that I saw, soon after I got on board the Niagara, the flag of the ]>aw- rence come down, although I was perfectly sensible that slie had been defended to the last, and that to have continued to make a show of resistance, would have been a wanton sacrifice of the remaining of her brave crew. But the enemy was not able to take possession of her, and circumstances soon permitted her flag to be hoisted. At 4.5 minutes past two, the signal was made for close action. The Niagara being very little injured, I dcteruuned to pass through the enemy's line, bore up and passed ahead of their tw'o Ships and a Brig, giving a raking fire to them from the starboard guns, and to a small Schooner and Sloop, from the larboard side, at half-pistol shot distance. The smaller ves- sels at this time having got within grape and canister distance, under the direction of Captain Elliott, antl keeping up a well-directed fire, the two Ships, a Brig and a Schocmer surrendered, a Schooner and Slooj) making vain attempt to escape. Those officers and men, who were immediately under my observation, evinced the greatest gallantry, and I have no doubt that all others conducted them- selves as became Ameriean Officers and Seamen. In the days of this battle, war history was largely recorded in ballads. This was specially true of events appealing to the popular senti- ment. A fair sample of such recoi'd is fur- nished in the following production, in connec- tion with the Naval engagement of September 10th, which at the time and for many years thereaftci- was familiar to old and young: JAMES BIRD. Sons of Plefisure, listen to me ; And ye daughters too give ear. You a sad and mournful story As was ever told shall hear. Hull, you know, our troops snrreinlered, And defenseless left the West; Then our fleet was quick assembled, The invader to resist. 'Mimg the troops that marched to Erie, Were the Kingstown volunteers : Captain Thomas then commanded. To protect our West frontiers. Tender were the scenes of parting: Mothers wrung their hands and cried ; Maidens wept their loves in secret: Fathers strove their tears to hide. 60 lllSTonV OF TOI.KDO AND LVi'AS COUNTY. But there's one among the number, Tall and Kracefnl ■" his mien; Firm his steji, his look umliumted ; Ne'er a nobler youth was seen, One sweet kiss he snatehed from Mary, Craved his mother's prayers once more, Pressed his father's hand and left them For Lake Krie's distivul shore. Mary tried to say "Farewell, .lames," Waved her iiand but nothing spoke; "Farewell, Bird, may Heaven protect you," From the rest at parting broke. Soon he came where noble Perry Had assembled all his tleet : There the gallant Bird enlisted, Hoping soon the foe to meet. Where is Rird "' The battle rages. Is he in the strife, or no? Now the cannons roar tremendous. Dare he boldly meet the foe? \'es, behold him— see !— with Perry, In the self-same ship they fight — Though his mess mates fall around him. Nothing can his soul aft'right. But behold a ball has struck him. See the crimson current flow ; "Leave the deck," exclaimed brave Perry; "No," cried Bird. "I will not go. Here on deck I'll take my statiou, Ne'er will Bird his colors fly, I'll stand by you, gallant Captain, Till we conquer, or we die." And he fought, though faint and bleeding. Till our stars and stripes arose. Victory having crowned our efforts, All triumphant o'er our foes. But did Bird receive a pension? Was he to his home restored? No, nor ever to his bosom Clasped the maid his heart adored. But there came most dismal tidings From Lake Erie's distant shore; Better, far, poor Bird had perished 'Midst the battle's awful roar. " Dearest Parents," read the letter, "This will bring sad news to you. Do not mourn, my best beloved. Though this brings my last adieu. " Brothers, sisters, read this letter, 'Tis the last you'll have from me ; I must suffer for deserting From the brig Niagara." Though he fought so brave at Erie, Freely bled, and nobly dared— Let his courage plead for mercy, Let his noble life be spared. Sad and gloomy was the morning. Bird was ordered out to die ; Where's the breast so dead to pity But for him must heave a sigh? See him march, and hear his fetters, Harsh they clank upon the ear; Yet his step is lirm and manly. For his breast ne'er harbored fear. See! he kneels upon his coffin- Sure his death can do no good. Save him !-IIark, O God ! they've shot him ! Now his bosom streams with blood. Farewell, Bird ! farewell, forever ; Friends and home he'll see no more; For bis mangled corpse lies buried On Lake Erie's distant shore. Jame.s Bird -was born in Lucerne County, Penn., and was a young man when tlie war commenced. He early enlisted in the Arm}', joining a Company raised by Henry Bucking- ham, whose son Henr}- was a pioneer Merchant at Norwalk, Ohio, and whose grandson Henry now (1887) resides at Lawrence, Kansas. At the Battle of Lake Erie, Captain Thomas was his commander. Bird was employed by Captain Buckingham in his mill at Kingston, and " Mary," spoken of in the song, was a member of the Captain's family. The two were recognized as lovers, and parted as such. The " Annals of Lucerne County," written by Stewart Pearce, has this mention of Bird's case : He was from Pittston, and was descended from a most respectable family. He was a man of great bodily strength and activity, and was full of patriotic devotion to the cause of his country, but unfortu- nately his proud spirit boldly rejected many of the restraints imiiosed by the stern rules of military dis- cipline. He fought like a tiger and when wounded refused to be carried below. News of the intended attack of the enemy on New Orleans had reached the fleet on Lake Erie, and Bird, ambitious to be in the midst of the smoke and fire of battle, one night, when in command of the guard, marched away with sev- eral of his men to join General Jackson. He was pursued and arrested at Pittsburg, from which place he was about to embark with a companj' of volunteers for the Crescent City. Being arraigned before and tried by a Court Martial, he was sentenced, in accor- dance with the rules of war, to be shot. Had Com- modore Perry received intelligence of the proceedings in time, Bird's life would have been spared. Bird's remains probably now rest with those of his comrades on Gibraltar Island, Put-in Bay, and said to be under a large willow tree front- ing the Bay, enclosed by a chain fence. The ballad, according to the best information at hand, was written by Charles Miner, who pub- lished the Gleaner, at Wilkesbarre, Penn., from 1801 to 1818, and afterwards was a member of Congress from that State. Harrison's Army had been j^atiently, j^et anxiously waiting the outcome of Naval operations; meantime receiving reinforce- ments and organizing, with reference to following up Perry's signal success, by an ad- vance upon Canada. September 27th, Harri- son set sail, and .soon reached Maiden, from which Proctor had retreated to Sandwich, on his way, as rajiidly as possible, for a safe point in the interior, via the Thames River. Harri- son reached Sandwich on the 29th, and on the THE BATTLE OF THE THAMES. same day McArthixr took possession of Detroit and Micliigan. October 2d, the Americans began their pursuit of the retreating British force, which was overtaken on the 5th. Find- ing an engagement unavoidable, Proctor was led to post his Army, its left wing resting on the Thames, while the right was defended by a marsh. Without here going into details of the engagement, it will suffice to state, that Harrison's troops consisted of about 120 Jiegu- lars of the 27th Hegiment ; five Brigades of Kentuck}' Militia Infantrj-, averaging less than 500 men, under Governor Isaac Shelby, of that State ; and Colonel Richard M. Johnson's Regiment of Mounted Infantry; making in all about 3,0(10 men. The force of the British is not definitely stated, but it was supposed to be something less than that of Harrison's, consti- tuted of British and Indians. The battle was of short duration. The enemy being seriously demoralized, they fought chiefly on the defen- sive, and retreated as fast as the way therefor opened. The most notable incident of the en- gagement, was the killing of the renowned Indian leader, Tecumseh, at the hands, as since pretty well determined, of Colonel Johnson of Kentucky, subsequently (1837-41) Vice Pres- ident of the United States. This fact was for a time in dispute; iiut it finally became the generally accepted belief, that the credit of Tecumseh's death is due to Colonel Johnson.* * Johnson was severely wounded during the en- gagement, and was borne from the field b}' Captain James Knaggs, of Monroe, and Menard Labadie. In 18.5:5, wJien the act of killing Tecumseh was j-et in dis])ute, Captain Knaggs, in an aftidavit, made the fiillowing statement : " I was attached to a Company of mounted men, called Rangers, at the battle of the Thames, in 1813. During the battle, we charged into the swamp, where several of our horses mired dow'n, and an order was given to retire to the hard ground in our rear, which we did. The Indians in front, helieving that we wen' retreating, immediatel}- advanced upon us, with Tecum.seh at their head. I distinctly heard his voire, with which I was perfectly familiar. He yelled like a tiger, and urged on his braves to the attack. We were tlien but a few yards ajiart. We halted on tlie hard gnjund, and continued our fire. After a few minutes of very severe fighting, I discov- ered Colonel Johnson lying near, on the ground, with one leg confined by the body of his white mare, which had been killed, and had fallen upon him. My friend Menard Labadie was with me. We went up to the Colonel, with whom we were previ- ously aci|uainted, and fnund him badly wounded. In this connection the testimony of as intel- ligent and well-informed witness to the true character of Tecutnseh, as was General Leslie Combs, of Kentucky, will not be out of place. In a letter to the editor of the Historical Record, under date of Lexington, Ky., October, 1H71, that gentleman wrote as follows : You ask me for a description of the celebrated Indian warrior, Tecumseh, from my personal observa- tion. I answer that I never saw the great chief but once, and then under rather exciting circumstances, but I have a vivid recollection of him from his api>ear- ance, and by intercourse with his personal friends I am possessed of accurate knowledge of his character. 1 was, as you know, one of the prisoners taken at what is known as Dudley's defeat on the banks of the Maumee River, opposite Fort Meigs, early in May, 1813. Tecumseh had fallen upon our rear, and we were compelled to surrender. We were marched down to the old Fort Miami or Maumee, in squads, where a terrible scene awaited us. The Indians, fully armed with guns, war clubs and tomahawks — to say nothing of .scalping knives, had formed them- selves into two lines in front of the gateway between which all of us were bound to pass. Many w^ere killed or wounded in running the gauntlet. Shortly after the prisoners had entered, the Indians rushed over the walls and again surrounded us, and raised the war-whoop, at the same time making unmistak- able demonstrations of violence. We all expected to be massacred, and the small British guard around us were utterly unable to aflord protection. They called lying on his side, with one of his pistols in his hand. I saw Tecumseh at the same time, lying on his face, dead, and about fifteen or twenty feet from the Colonel. He was stretched at full length, and was shot through the body, I think near the heart. The ball went out through his hack. He held his toniaha\vk in his right hand (it had a brass pipe on the head of it), his arm was extended as if striking, and the edge of the tomahawk was stuck in the ground. Tecumseh was dressed in red speckled leg- gings, and a fringed hunting shirt; he lay stretched directly towards Colonel Johnson. When we went up to the Colonel we offered to help him. He rej^lied with great animation, ' Knaggs, let me lie here, and push on and take Proctor.' However, we liberated him from Ins dead horse, took Ins blanket from his saddle, placed him in it, and bore him oft' the field. I had known Tecumseh from my boyhood ; we were boys together. There was no other Indian killed immediately around where Colonel Johnson or Te- cum.seh lay, although there were many near the Creek, a few rods back of where Tecumseh fell. " I had no doubt then, and have none now, that Tecumseh fell by the hand of C(jlonel Johnson." Captain Knaggs w'as a gentleman much esteemed at Monroe, and was an active and valuable friend of the American cause throughout the AVar. 62 msTonr of Toledo and lucas county. loudly for General Proctor and Colonel Elliott to come to our relief. At this critical moment Tecum- seh came rushing in, deeply excited, and denounced the murderers of jiri.foners (is cotmrrh. Thus our lives were spared and wo were sent down to the fleet at the mouth of Swan Creek (now Toledo), and from that place across the en., Ky., aged 78. Thomas Lindsey, Fayette Co., Ky., aged 81. William C. Keas, Mt. Sterling, Ky., aged 75. Dr. Alva Curtis, Cincinnati, 0., aged 73. Joseph Quinn, Grant Co., Ky., aged 74. R. P. Menifee, Kenton Co., Ky., aged 81. George Williams, Grant Co., Ky., aged 80. John Jolley, Campbell Co., Ky., aged 82. T. A. Grimes, Bourbon Co., Ky., aged 73. William B. Davis, McArthur, 0., aged 79. H. W. Davis, McConnellsville, O., aged 77. William Shafler, Middletown, O., aged 87. Samuel Bownell, Middletown, 0., aged 74. Joseph Baruett, Middletown, 0., aged 70. David McChessney, Middletown, O., aged 77. John Stine, Pendleton Co., Ky.. aged 74. Samuel Dewese, Wood Co., 0., aged 78. David Lamb, Toledo, 0., aged 83. Michael Morgan, Wood Co., 0., aged 89. Peter Navarre, Toledo, C, aged S.i. John Moore, Wood Co., 0., aged 75. J. L. Jolly, Napoleon, 0., aged 80. David Deal, Fremont, 0., aged 86. John Ross, Wood Co., 0., aged 77. David Johnson, Wood Co, 0., aged 83. Samuel Kuder, Wood Co., 0.,aged 81. John Noel, Wood Co., O., aged 79. Horace Thacher, Toledo, O., aged 09. The Kentucky Veterans had for some years held annual re-unions, and at their meeting, at Paris, in that State, June 22d, with 80 present, it was decided that as many as could undertake the trip, join in the visit to the Maumee, when it was found that about one-half of those present joined the movement. On the morning of the 24th, Mayor William Kraus, the City Council, a delegation from the Police force and many citizens of Toledo, went to Perrj'sburg by the Steamer Cora Locke, to participate in the exercises. At that place a procession was formed, which marched to Fort Meigs, where the Veterans and citizens spent some time in passing around the premises, the former seeking points specially reminding them of the events of 1813. The assemblage was called to order by Mayor J. W. Tylor of Perrys- burg. Rev. George A. Adams of that place offered prayer; and the Veterans and citizens were entertained by Mayor Tyler. The spokes- man of tlio old soldiers in response was Colonel Todd. He said, that though not present at the time of the siege by tlie British and Indians, lie yet helped to build the Fort, and was with General Harrison before thesiege and through- out the war after that event. Previous to that, he bore dispatches from Harrison to General Winchester. He was Acting (Quartermaster. \\ REUNIONS OF VETERANS OF !H12. 65 He had no wagons for transpoi-tation through the Black Swamp, but carried provisions and other supplies on horseback. In the winter the}- might have used sleds, but had no har- ness, except what he constructed of green hides, which answered while it remained dry. At times the horses would give out, when the men took their places and drew the loads, some- times for 30 miles. Colonel Todd referred to the battle of the Thames, and stated that after the capture of Genei-al Proctor's forces, they found the General was missing; when he (Col. T.) and Major Wood, with a Company of men, started in pursuit. The men giving out, these two officers pushed on and finally overtook Proctor's carriage, but found its occupant had escaped on the back of one of the horses. In the carriage they found all of Proctor's papers, including the speech of Tecumseh, the great Indian leader, in which he severely rebuked his British associate commanders for allowing the Indians to murder helpless prisoners, say- ing among other things: " I conquer to save ; but you to murder." Again, he said, " Father, listen ! In the Eevolutionary War, we tried to assist you ; but our Great Father was thrown on his back. In the last War we could not think of defending men who lived like ground- hogs." Colonel Todd regarded the War of 1812, as but the continuation of the War of the Eevolution— the British made peace; but their Indian allies did not. The defeat of Dudley was due to inconsiderate valor. General Har- rison had said, the misfortune of Kentuckians was, that "they were too brave." Colonel Todd in strong terms thanked the people of the Maumee Valley for the grand reception given the Veterans, concluding with the words : "We thank you, and thank you, and thank you I " At the conclusion of bis remarks, he exhibited the flag which was carried at Fort Meigs, and which bore the rents made in it by British balls. From the Fort, the Veterans crossed the River to Maumee City, where prep- arations had been made for them. A dinner was served at the American House, after which the visitors and citizens assembled in a gi-ove, where Mr. George W. Reynolds presided ; prayer was offered by Rev. Mr. Swan ; and an address delivered by Rev. Mr. Richardson, re- sponded to by Colonel Todd. Remarks were made by Dr. Gaither of Cincinnati, Lieutenant- Governor J. C. Lee and M. R. Waite, the latter stating that Mrs. Harriet O. Hall, daughter of Major William Oliver, one of Harrison's trusted subordinates, had deputed him to invite her father's comrades to accept her hosjiitality at the Oliver House, Toledo, which they did, Mrs. Hall receiving them in the hotel parlors, and invited them to a dinner prepared for them. Mr. Menifee was at Winchester's defeat on the River Raisin ; was made prisoner and as such lay in the water at night, and through a change of weather, his clothes were fastened by ice thus formed. He had been crippled ever since by a wound then received at River Raisin. Peter Navarre, of Toledo, one of Harrison's best scouts, was at the Oliver House, as was also Captain David Wilkison, who, though not a soldier or a sailor, in 1815 assisted in removing the cannon and other stores from Fort Meigs to Detroit. June 15, 1871, 19 survivors of the River Raisin Massacre of 1812, met at Monroe, Mich., where a banquet was provided for them, at which Mayor Redfield presided, and General Custer and others made addresses. The names and ages of the Veterans present were as fol- lows : Joseph B. JSTadeau, 77 years; Peter Navarre, 82 ; Robert F. Navarre, 80 ; Joseph Guyer, 88 ; George Younglover, 77 ; Bronson French, 82; Francis Lazane, 82; David Van Pelt, 89 ; William Walters, 88 ; Joseph Foulke, 80; Fred. Bouroff, 100 years, 7 months; Jean DeChovin, 77 ; John Clappen, 76 ; Charles Hixon, 76 ; Henry Mason, 79 ; Hall DeLand, 75 ; Thomas Whelpley, 73 ; Louis Jacobs, 96 ; John Beseau, 80. Peter and Robert F. Navarre continued to reside in this section until their deaths. Frank Bouroff, the centenarian, was born in Pennsylvania, 1770. The united ages of the group were 1,158 years, the average being nearly 90. July 4th, 1872, was celebrated at Monroe, Mich., the chief incident of the occasion being the presence of 117 Veterans of Harrison's Army, serving at Fort Meigs and elsewhere in this section, during the war of 1812. A large gathering of people were present. General George Spaulding was Marshal of the day. Among the prominent officials and civilians present, were Governor Baldwin ; Judges Christiancy, Campbell, Cooley, and Patchin, of Michigan ; General Leslie Combs of Ken- tucky, General G. A. Custer, and General S. L. Williams, then nearly 91 years old, himself m HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. a \eicran. Mayor Keiltiold presulod, and Hon. Warner Wing delivered an address. General Custer called the roll of Veterans present (each of whom an.swered to his name), as follows : John B. McLean, aged 77; George Younglover, 79; Brown French, 83; Joseph Foulke,S3; John Clapper,77 ; Charles Avon, 77 ; Thomas Whelp- ley, 97 ; Louis Jacobs, 9G ; Henry Gaither, 82; Alvah Curtis, 7G ; John Mulholland, 75 ; Francis Santour, 76; Simon Van Aiken, 82; 'James Vanderwalker, 82 ; William Hamilton, 80 ; Edward Warring, 79 ; Peter Bants, 81 ; Alex. Crawford, 81; James Peawick, 78 ; Joseph C. Barrett, 78 ; Aaron Eddelman, 81 ; Eoger C^uinsberry, 79: Michael Goodright, 78; Thos. Bolivar, 76 ; J. W. Kolfuss, 77 ; James Y. Love, 74; Eobert S. Goatney, 72; J. C. Eeid, 75; John Jameson, 79; James Carrey, 75; Eobert Carrick, 77; Thomas Lindsley, 83; James Clusin, 85; Edward Pendleton, 84; James E. Armstrong, 85 ; Solomon McVay, 76 ; J. C. Parker, 77; A. B. Crawford, 82; Leonard Beall, 75; J. K. Goodwin, 80; Joseph Vance, 84; Isaac C. Eossenet, 79 ; James Kirke, 84 ; Oliver Talbot, 79 ; Moore Johnson, 77 ; William Shaf- fer, 89 ; Thomas Mount, 68 ; Larken Webster, 80; John Gebhart, 78; Jesse Holly, 82 ; V. B. Davis, 80; B. B. Hudnut, 78; Lewis Ball, 70; Elisha Williams, 80; W. E. Locke, 79; B. J. Puller, 81 ; J. E. Eogers, 80 ; J. C. Craddock, 84; Samuel L. Williams, 91; Judge S. Blan- cbard, 77; E. W. Benson, 75; Daniel Helwig, 82 ; S. J. Armstrong, 84 ; Thomas B. Davis, 83 ; W. D. Hixson, 91 ; W, Dayor, 82 ; Andrew Burns, 72; Francis McLock, 78 ; John Martin, 76i; John B. Lafrige, 77; Joseph Gunn, 85; Frederick Bouroff, lOH; Samuel Dowese, 80; Louis Souans, 88; JSTap. Navarre, 81; Peter Navarre, 86 ; Alex. Navarre, 82 ; Daniel Van Pelt, 91 ; Joseph Besnett, 79 ; John Clappen, 76; Henry Mason, 80; James Harvey, 80; John Eaot, 78; A. C. Couseign, 82; Joseph Verkies, 82 ; L. Y. Grant, 77 ; A. A. Pasko, 78 ; Joseph Ewalt, 87; John B. Eessau, 81 '; N. Moyer, 77; W. Walters, 78; Shubal Lewis, 70; Hall DeLand, 76 ; Eobert McNeill, 77 ; Lewis Beach, 79; Benon L. Bortine, 79; C. H. Mc- Nain, 84; Joseph Hall, 85; Isaac G. Futzna, 74; Mathew Gibson, 83; Lewis Jacobs, 97 ,' John Boot, 78; W. Waters, 79; Dr. Curtis, 78^ Henr> Davis, 82; C.Hall, 71; Simeon Gan- arke, 82; Jona Sheam, 76; Charles McNain, 85; Andrew Burns, 78; Perry Nedmore 82- George Shapine, 84; H. M. Davis, 79; W. B. Davis, 81. The oldest in the list was Frederick Boroff,whose age was 101 years and six months, having been born six years before the declara- tion of independence, 1776. Edward Willets read the declaration of independence. Judge H. V. Campbell delivered an oration ; a dinner was served to the Veterans and pioneers pres- ent ; following which came toasts and responses. Complete amnesty was then informally de- clared for all "Toledo Eebels of 1835 against the sovereignty of the Territory of Michigan." Several citizens of Toledo were present. As successors in possession of the soil, it is desirable that the white race have a correct understanding of the nature and true character of the Eed Man whom they have dispossessed. The i^revailing sentiment now is that of depre- ciation and contempt for those who not many yeai'S ago held this entire region in undisputed control and use. Wherever the facts of the case are known, however, this estimate of the aborigines does not prevail. The main ground for it, is found in the greatly changed habits and character of these people, whicli followed and ai'e attributable to their association with the Whites. It is the testimony of nearly all intelligent persons familiar with their condi- tion on the advent of the obtruding race, that they bore very little of the spirit and traits which followed such advent. It is a most sug- gestive fact in this connection, that among the first steps taken in their work by the Moravian Missionaries at Gnadenhutten, Shoenbrun and Salem, in Eastern Ohio, was to petition tl>e Territorial Legislature to prohibit the intro- duction of intoxicating liquors among the peo- j)le whom thej' had come to civilize and chris- tianize. For a time, this plan was successful ; but as the Whites increased in numbers, and the Indians in resources, the law became inop- erative, and the result, as in all other cases of unrestrained traffic of that sort, was intemper- ance, idleness and debaucherj' ; the outcome — directly traceable to that one cause — being the loss of influence by the Missionaries over the natives and the abandonment of the settlements and of ettbrts for their improvement. The work of demoralization thus begun h\ the heart- less cupidity of the alleged "superior race," continued, with increasing results, as long as Indians were permitted to remain on the soil I INDIAN CHARACTER, AND INDIAN WRONGS. 07 of their fathers. When the degraded remnants of a truly " noble race " — the handiwork of professed Christian civilization — finally left the scenes of their ancestors, the contrast of their condition with that of their fathers on the advent of the Whites, could hardly have been more marked. Nothing could be more unjust, than to judge of the Indians, as a race, by the degraded samples produced by contact with Europeans. Much better might the latter, as a class, be judged by the specimens seen hover- ing about and produced by tlie dens of pollu- tion and crime which infest most of the larger Cities of the United States. These wretched creatures, like the debauched Red Men, are the work of alcoholic ruin, but with the greater crime of better knowledge of the practice which degraded them. Those only who knew the Indians in their "best estate" — untaught and unpolished, as they were — and who also knew the sad remnants of the race, in the state to which association with the Whites bad brought them, can appreciate the contrast of the two conditions. It is the testimony of all having knowledge in the case, that the Indians at first met the Whites as friends, and continued to treat them as such until encroachments and the evident design of hostility aroused their suspicion and resentment, which feeling, as to those in the Northwest, was materially pro- moted by British traders and the policy of British authorities.* In his " Notes on the Northwestern Terri- tory," published in 1847, Judge Jacob Burnet, one of the most prominent and intelligent of the early settlers of this region, who was active and influential in its affairs for many years, having been a leading member of tiie Terri- torial Legislature and subsequently a Senator *()n this point Monett's History of the Mississippi Valley has the following: "At length it was per- ceived that these continued aggressions were prompted and instigated by British traders and agents at Detroit and on the Maumee. The fur trade in the Northwestern Territory was almost wholly controlled by British traders, who were interested in checking the advance of American population across the Ohio, which would sound the knell of approaching dissolu- tion of their monopoly. A state of active hostilities renewed by the savages might yet defer for many years the advance of the white settlements north of the Ohio, and thus prolong the monopoly of the free trade. Such were the views and conclusions of the British traders and agents at Detroit and other points south of Lake Erie." in Congress — makes the following reference to the Indians of the Maumee Valley : " In jour- neying more recently through the State, the writer has occasionally passed over the ground on which, many years before, he had seen In- dian Towns filled with that devoted race, con- tented and happy ; but he could not perceive the slightest ti-ace of those Villages, or of the people who had occupied them. All settle- ments through which he passed on the Maumee and the Auglaize, from Fort Wayne to Defi- ance, and from thence to the foot of the Eapids, had been bi-oken up and deserted. The battle- ground of General Wayne, which he had often seen in the rude state in which it was when the action of 1794 was fought, was so changed in its appeai-ance, that he could not recognize it, and not an indication remained of the populous Indian Villages he had formerly seen, extend- ing many miles on either side of the River. Flourishing Towns and fields, cultivated by white men, covered the ground, which 30 years before, was the property and the home of the natives of the forest. The contrast was strik- ing, and excited a train of unpleasant recol- lections. It was a natural inquiry: 'Where are the multitudes of red people, who were formerly seen here, amusing themselves at the Eajjids, taking the swift muskelunge with their bows and arrows?' They were then inde- pendent and undisturbed owners of the countiy which had descended to them through a long line of heroic ancestors, and which they ex- pected their children would continue to possess when they should be gone. ***** The final catastrophe of that noble race, was witnessed by the peojile of Cincinnati a few years since, when the remnant of the Wyan- dots — the last of the braves of the Ohio tribes — ' reliqxdas Danaum atque itnmitis Ach- illei'— arrived at the landing, and ascended the steamships that were to convey them from the places of their nativity into hopeless ban- ishment. To the eye of the humane observer, they seemed to linger, and to turn to the North, as if to bid a last farewell to the tombs in which they had deposited the remains of their de- ceased children, and in which the bones of their fathers had been accumulating and mouldering for untold ages." Two chief subterfuges are employed to justify the gross abuse to which that unfortunate race is subjected, (1) that they are by nature the 6S HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. enemy of civilization ; and (2) that they are incapable of such degree of improvement, in morals or habits, as would warrant eflfort to that end. Both those assumptions are disproved by well established facts, which show that both races are susceptible to the same influences for good or for evil, and that under like con- ditions, each may be made better or made worse. This is shown in the fact, that iu every known case iu which Whites have been taken in chihlhood and subjected to the care and habits of the Indians, tliey have in after life manifested all the peculiarities of the native Indian; while Indian children, separated from their own race and trained among civilized people, have shown the moral sense, taste, and habits of their captors. It is safe to say, that the American Indians, when first brought in contact with the Whites, were more hopeful subjects for civilization and Christianity, than were the natives of Britain, when efforts for their improvement were first put forth by Saxon invaders. The truth is, that they have never been treated as if designed for anything better than plunder and extermination. It is a fact, most potent here, that throughout the years in which the Government made no claim either of ownership or occupancy of the soil in this region, there was little trouble with them — no Indian wars, whose bloody record mainly now give character to that race — but all was friendly and peaceful. It was only as, step by step, the advance of White aggression excited suspicion and aroused resistance, that enmity toward the aggressor was manifested. No peo- ple capable of substantial improvement or fitted for usefulness, would have done less for beating back their avowed enemy, than did they. Not to have resisted such aggression, would have shown them without the manhood essential to the respect of the world. As already remarked, it is only those who have seen that race, both in their original state and after years of contact with the Whites, who can intelligently judge them. In the " Conspiracy of Pontiac," Park- man most justly says of the treatment to which the Indians were subjected by traders, whom he characterizes as " ruffians of the coarsest stamp": " They cheated, plundered, and cursed the Indians and outraged their families, ofi'er- ing, when compared with the French, who were under better regulation, a most unfavorable example of their nation." The chief agency employ-ed in giving effect to such brutal policy, consisted of intoxicating liquors, often in their worse possible forms. The Indians of the Maumee Valley and Michigan were subjected to greater wrong in this respect, in consequence of the bitter competition for their trade exist- ing for many years between the French and British traders, each class receiving from its home Government whatever sujjj^ort prom- ised to aid in their shameless struggle for In- dian traffic. The inevitable result was the rapid and extreme demoralization of a once comparatively moral people. Some idea of the extent of this degradation, may^ be had from the statement of a white man, adopted into an In- dian tribe when young. Of a particular de- bauch, he said : " A trader came to the Town with French brandy. We purchased a keg of it and held a council about who was to get drunk and who was to keep sober. I was in- vited to get drunk, but I refused the proposal. Then they told me I must be one of those who were to take care of the drunken people. I did not like this, but of the two evils I chose that which I thought was the least, and fell in with those who were to conceal the arms and keep every dangerous weapon we could out of their way; and endeavor, if possible, to keep the drinking club from killing each other, which was a very hard task. Several times we hazarded our own lives, and got ourselves hurt, in preventing them from slaying each other." This state of things would continue as long as the Indians had a merchantable skin to traf- fic for liquor, when it stopped, and the de- graded Sons of the Forest, for very lack of means for further debauch, were compelled slowl}- and wretchedly to recover from the sad condition to which merciless tradei's had brought them. For such treatment of an un- happy^ race, there was no relief. Enactment of laws and promulgation of orders, however restrictive in terms, were ineffective with the remorseless and lawless trader, whose crimes were generally committed beyond the reach of executive power, even when, in exceptional cases, there was a will to employ such power in defense of the plundered and debauched In- dians. It is entirely safe to say, that no Na- tion in history — considering all the conditions of the case — has a record of more inexcusable wrong toward defenseless subjects of its power, INDIAN CHARACTER AND INDIAN WRONGS. 69 than have those who have for 260 years per- mitted the rapacity of their own people to pur- i for the purpose of establishing settlements along the same." By the same treaty was granted " a tract of land, for a road only, of 120 feet in width, to run Southwardly from what is called Lower Sandusky (Fremont) to boun- dary line established by the ti'eaty of Green- ville." This road never was constructed, although for many years the people at Lower Sandusk}^ urged upon the State the execution of the project contemplated in the treaty of Brownstown. Most of the remnant of the Ottawas which remained in this section after the departure of the body of the tribe for their location West of the Mississippi in 1833, took their departure August 31, 1837, for the same region. They left on the steamboat "Commodore Perry" for Cleveland, to go thence by Canal to Portsmouth, and thence by the Ohio and the Mississippi. They were under the care of Colonel John Mcllvaine of Columbus, Superintendent, with Captain W. E. Cruger of Rochester, N. Y., as Assistant and Disbui-sing Agent. Messrs. John Mack, D. H. Forsyth and C. Roby of Maumee City, were attached to the expedition — the former as Commissar)', and the others as in- terpreters. Several in the tribe yet remained in this section, not being willing to join their fellows in the removal. They numbered about 150, the Chief Otteka being with them. The causes leading to such separation of this frag- ment, are indicated by notice published in Maumee, August 19, 1837, by Superintendent Mcllvaine. He therein, by appeals to alleged creditors of members of the tribe not to ob- struct their departure, intimated that efforts would be made to do that. He said : " They have now no country or home here. May the Removing Agent not ask, in the name of hu- manity, — in the name of justice — in the sacred name of mercy — that if any are secretly working to discourage the emigration of these unfortunate creatures, they will pause and consider the impropriety of their course?" He also made this significant appeal: "In HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. conclusion, it is requested, that IJiose who iiavo been in the habit of selling liquors to these Indians, do so no more; as it will be impossible to remove the dissipated, if it be continued, anil they must, to their ruin and to the aunoj-ance of good citizens, remain." The remnant still remaining continued here about two years, and their dejjarture was thus stated by the Ohio (Perrysburg) Whig of July 30, 1839: "The i-emaining few of the once pow- erful tribe of Indians (the Ottawas), who have been lingei-ing about this section for the past few years, dragging out a miserable and pre- carious existence, took their departure for the country "West of the Mississippi Julj' 25th, on board the Steamer Commodore Perry, under the superintendence of Judge Forsyth of Mau- mee City, the Indian Agent. Their course was directed to Cleveland, and thence by Canal to the Ohio Eiver. They were about 100 in number, including both sexes. They hated to go; and we learn that it was with mnch persuasion, that Judge Forsyth pre- vailed upon them for their removal." A treaty between the United States and Wyandot, Ottawa, Chijjpewa and Munsee, Delaware, Shawnee and Pottawatomie tribes of Indians was held at Fort Industry (now within Toledo), July 4, 1805. By this treaty, the Indians relinquished their title to all lands in Ohio as far West as the "Western boundary of the Connecticut "Western Eeserve (the "Western line of Huron County). Included in this grant, were what have been known as the " Fire Lands," embracing all of present Huron County, and nearly the whole of Brie County. They were so named, because they had been set apart by the State of Conuecticut from its "Western Eeserve, as consideration for damages sustained by citizens of that State by the de- struction of property by fire at the hands of the British during the Eevolutionary "War. The quantity of such lauds was 500,000 acres. November 7, 1807, at Detroit, Governor "William Hull made treaty with the Ottawa, Chippewa, "V\^'andot and Pottawatomie Indians, whereby lands described as follows were ceded to the United States : Beginning at the mouth of the Miami Eiver of the Lake's (the Maumee), and running up the middle thereof to the mouth of the Great Au Glaize Eiver; thence running North until it intersects a parallel of latitude, to be drawn from the outlet of Lake Huron, which forms the Eiver St. Clair; thence Northeast in a direct line to "White Eock, in Lake Huron ; thence due East to the boundary line between the United States and Canada in said Lake ; thence Southerh- on said line through Eiver and Lake St. Clair and Detroit Eiver into Lake Erie to a point due Bast of the Maumee Eiver; and thence West, to the place of beginning. The ludiansreserved one tract of land six miles square on the Maumee Eiver, above Eoche de Boeuf, " to in- clude the Tillage where Tondanie" (the Dog), then lived, being a short distance above the present site of the Town of Waterville. Also, was reserved to them a tract three miles square on the same Eiver, and above the 12 miles square ceded to the United States by the treaty of Greenville. The Eeserve referred to in- cluded what is known as Presque Isle, about half way between Waterville and Maumee City. Another Eeserve, Jour miles square, on tiie Maumee Bay, including the Village where Meshkemau and Waugau then lived. In 1873, a variety of Indian trinkets were plowed up, as the Ten-Mile Creek road was being worked, then in Manhattan Township. Among them was a large silver cross, found in the breast of an Indian's skeleton, he probably being a man of note with his tribe, and that article placed there as a special mark of respect. The cross is thirteen and one-half inches long and eight and five-eighths wide; its weight, eight ounces, pure silver. It bore on a smooth, polished sui'face, light representations of boughs of trees. With this was found a silver chain, five feet long, beai'ing six charms. There was a double cross — one upright and two transverse pieces, the latter two and one- half inches in length ; also marked with light, small circles. Another relic was a silver wheel or circle, with small, egg-shaped figures, which might have been used as a pin and for ornament. There were six small and one larger silver pendants — the former probablj- designed for the ears and the latter for the nose. Also, four silver brooches ; a silver head-band, one inch wide and two feet long ; and a silver bracelet, about two and one-half inches broad. There were beside these, a stone pipe ; a scalp- ing-knife, of pure steel ; and a stone image of a bird. The knife was found sticking down beside an Indian's skull. The image of a bird was found in a copper vessel or bucket about INDIAN RELICS. 73 eight inches high and four across. It is of thick, heavy copper, witli cover (of copper) fitting closely. On the bottom of this vessel is the inscription, "J. C. D., 1737," indicating it to be 150 years old. In it were found small images similar to the one above named, and representing fishes, birds and Indians, the latter sometimes on horseback, and some with bows and arrows drawn for shooting. These, how- ever, ujjon exposure to the atmosphere, soon crumbled to fine dnst, leaving but tlieone. The skull, apparently of an Indian Princess, was found witli hair in good state of preservation, coiled on the top, which soon crumbled to dust. The presence of the articles of oi-nament in the graves of Indians, is explained bj' the impres- sion which formerlj- so fully obtained with that race, that death is but a transfer from one scene of material existence to another, but which has been more or less modified by asso- ciation with the Whites and the teaching of Christian Missionaries. The first thing with them, was to secure a safe journey to the " happy hunting-ground," to which they believed they were to go. With this is the ambition to bear to the new scene of activity ornaments and marks of their distinction in this life. Another common thought with thein was, that their position in the next existence would depend largely on the number of enemies which they had here slain in battle, while such could be commanded as servants to hel]> them on their journey to the new grounds. At another time in the ncigiiborhood of the same locality, were plowed uj) two solid silver crosses. They were about six inches in length, and covered with exquisite designs in engrav- ing. One of them was marked, " E. C. Mon- treal," indicating it to have been a heraldic device, connected with the Jesuit Missionary work. With the crosses, were found a large number of human bones, several cooking utensils and a pair of silver ear-rings. It so happened that the finder of one of the crosses, was one of two Chippewa Indians, who had just begun work on the road then being re- paired. Their excitement at such discovery was intense. CHAPTER HI. niE CANADIAN " PATKIOT WAR. WHAT was known as the " Patriot" insur- rection in Canada, beginning in 1837, and continuing through 1838, was the cause of much excitement and disturbance along this side of the border of that Province. The al- leged object of the movement on the other side, ■was the overthrow of British rule and the es- tablishment of an independent Eepiiblican Government, to be known as the " Eepublic of Upper Canada," with the design, when such should be successful, of extending the move- ment to Lower Canada. The enterprise, while supported by a few Canadians, more or le.ss sincere in their professions of love for Free Government, depended chiefly for men and means, upon co-opieration from this side. At no lime had the scheme enough of home sup- port to last 30 days, and most that it did have was due to exaggerated ideas of what was to be done in the United States. The work of prejmration occupied most of the year of 1837, when there was considerable agitation, attended bj^ some collisions in Can- ada. Meantime, the work of the "sympathi- zers " progressed on this side. The grossest exaggeration was employed for eilect on both sides of the line. Thus, in the United States rejiorts were rile of wondei'ful ''popular uji- risings' all over Canada ; while in tliat Prov- ince, equally false accounts of symiiathy and assured support from this side were em- ployed to bolstei' the movement. "Whereas, in fact, there was in neither country any support to justify a moment's continuance of the mad scheme. By December, 1837, such forces as the leaders had been able to raise, were gathered along the line, with the purpose of a "combined move- ment" of .some sort. The recruits Irom this side consisted mainly of the idle and thriftless, which clas.-ics had been swollen in numbers by the .serious financial collapse and business sus- pension of that year. An idea of the sort of material that made up the body of the "Patriot" recruits, may be had, when it is stated, that the distribution of "rations" to a squad of these at Norwalk, while on their way from Akron to " the front," consisted of one man iiassing along the rank with a basket of crack- ers, followed by another with a pail from which was delivered to each "soldier" a small cup of whiskey. Poultry and young pigs were in constant pei-il on the line of march, while deal- ers in clothing, boots, shoes, etc., often had all they could do to maintain and enforce their idea.s of right to property so much coveted bj- the "Patriots" passing through, who could not understand why those who stayed at home, should not contribute more liberally to the aid of those who went to the " battlefields of Free- dom." The two ends of Lake Erie were the scenes of the main movements of the " Patriots." In December they took possession of Navy Island (belonging to Canada), in Niagara Elver, and from there issued a jiroclamation gravely an- nouncing that the " Provisional Government of the Pcpublic of Upper Canada" was estab- tablished — that a reward of £500 was offered for the apprehension of Sir Francis Bond Head, then Governor of Canada — that 300 acres of Her ^fajestj-'s lands would be (reel\- bestowed by the Provisional Government upon every volunteer who should join the revolutionary forces — adding that " ten millions of those lands, fair and fertile, would speedily be at their disposal, with the other vast resources of a country more extensive and rich in natural treasui'es than the United Kingdom or old France." For purposes of communication with the American shore, the "Patriots" emploj'cd a small steamboat, the " Caroline," of which Captain " Gil." Applebj- (a well-known Lake navigatoi") had command. This craft proved very useful, and this so far aggravated the British autliorities, that on the night of the 29th of December, a British force sent for the purpose, burned the Steamer, while lying at Schlosser, on this side of the river. This action was a god-send never more needed by the fail- ing fortunes of the new-born •' Republic," in [74] THE CANADIAN "PATRIOT" WAR. 75 inflaming the American people, and arousing our Government in protest against such unwar- ranted violation of our territorial rights. The question at one time threatened the peace of the two countries. The Eastern campaign of the " Patriots " collapsed with the loss of the Caroline, and operations were transferred to the West. In Februaiy, 1838, the Volunteers from this side made a movement from Sandusk}-, crossing on the ice to Point au Pellee Island, where they landed on the 25th of that month, and took possession. The Island was the property of a Mr. McCormic, and had been deserted. It was well stocked with provisions, cattle, hogs and poultry — which, as reported, proved a very acceptable prize with the " Patriots." An ox- mill and a supply of corn also were found. On the od of ^March, the scene was changed by the arrival of Hi-itish troops, wdien was fought the " Battle of Point au Pellee." The engagement took place on the ice. Col. Edwin D. Bradley, now (1887) of Stryker, AVilliams County, Ohio, was in command of the " Patriot" forces ; and since the Point au Pellee locality is now attracting new attention from Ohio people through its piscatorial advantages, the more in- terest will bo felt in Colonel Bradlej's report of that engagement,* which action at the time 'OFFICIAL REPORT OF COLONEL BRADLEY. To Brigadier- General McLeod, Commanding Western Division of Patriot Service of the Rtpnblic of Upper Canada : Dear Sir: — I hasten to answer to you for the in- formation of the Comman(ler-in-(;liicf, that an action was fought on the morning of the 3d instant, at Point au Pellee Island, Upper Canada, between the Patriot force under my command and a detacliment of aljout 400 Brittsh Regulars. At day-break the enemy was discovered in great force a few miles from our encamiiment, which was at the head of the Island. Their main force, about 700 strong, was marched down quietly in front ; their left, about 200 strong. Hanking off in the direction of the light-house at North Point ; and their right, con- sisting entirely of British liegulars, in sleighs and on horse-back, were pushing on with great sj^eed ak)ng the West side of the Island to gain our rear, for the purpose of cutting off our retreat, should the main force succeed in driving us from our position. After closely examining the force and disposition of the enemy, 1 did not think it prudent to await the attack of the main body. The men w^ere therefore in- stantly mustered and tiled off toward the Southern end of the Island, a distance of .seven miles, to meet and fight the regular force, which had already gained our excited intense interest throughout the border. Colonel Bradley subsequently commanded with credit a Company of Infantry in the Mexican War of 1846-47, and afterwards the .38th Ohio Volunteers in the Union Army, as long as his health permitted. Coincident witli the advance of Colonel Bradley's forces across the Lake from San- dusky, was a similar movement bj^ another "Patriot" command from the Michigan side, to Fighting Island, in the Detroit Eiver, some eight miles below Detroit, where an engage- ment took place February 2.5, 1838. The Detroit Free Press, of February 26th, had the following report of the affair : Yesterdaj' the war commenced in or near Canada. On Sunday p. ji. the Patriot forces, which had been lurking in small and detached squads at various points between Toledo and Gibraltar, collected on the American sliore, opposite Fighting Island, belonging to the British, their number amounting to Ix'tween 200 and liOO, without arms, except five or six muskets and a small field piece mounted on two rails. In this condition, after receiving and cheering a patriotic speech from General McLeod, who commanded them, they crossed (on the ice) and took possession of the Island. They did not, we understand, intend to cross until their arms, which were undoubtedly delayed, had lieen received ; but they were forced immediatel}- to abandon the American territory, in order to evade the civil authorities, which, aided by the United rear. This was effected as speedily as circumstances would admit. When we arrived in view of this force, which consisted of about 850 heavy Infantry and 75 well-mounted Cavalry, drawn up in ordinary battle array on the ice, one and one-half miles from the shore, in the direction of Middle Island — as we had no time for delay, in consequence of the enemy's main force, which was fast approaching— I gave instant orders to form in line of battle, which were cheerfully obeyed by officers and men. When all was in rt'adiness, the line moved forward with a firm and unrtinching resolution worthy of tried veterans and advanced within half musket-shot of the enemy, when they oijened a tremendous fire on our whole line, checking its progress and compelling us to com- mence the action at a greater distance than we first intended. Nevertheless (some of our troops having fired without orders), to prevent confusion, it was thought proper that the action should become gen- eral. For half an hour we sustained the shock of three times our number of British Regular troops, twice throwing them into confusion, breaking their ranks, and strewing the battle-ground with their dead and wounded. At this time the men remained firm, the ranks unbroken, and all determined to con- tinue the contest. The near approach, however, of the main force in our rear, induced some to leave the 76 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. States troops, were in close pursuit of them. In the course of the night, about 50 stands of arms \yere conveyed to them on the Island. About daylight yesterday morning, the British troops opened a fire on them with grape-shot from tlie Canadian shore. After receiving two or three shots and returning as many, the Islanders retreated in confusion to the American shore, with three wounded— one severely, and two slightly. At the shore they were met by the United States troops, who arrested and disarmed them as fast as they landed. The British troops took possession of the Island as soon as it was evacuated. We have seen and conversed with one of the men who was on Fighting Island, and who informs us that they were assured by their officers, that 500 men had crossed into Canada below Maiden from San- dusky. This is the prevalent belief here, as heavy cannonading was heard during the forenoon of yes- terday, in that direction. Our informant says he knows of no other force in this quarter which has been preparing to enter Canada, except that with which he was connected on Fighting Island, and that which is supposed to have gone over from Sandusky. General Vreeland, of the "Patriot" forces, has been arrested by the United States authorities. Toledo contributed her quota to the "Patriot" force ou this occasion, which was commanded by Captains William Dodd and Crane, who were strongly endorsed for their bravery and skill, by General McLeod, the "Patriot" com- mander, in a letter published in the Blade at the time. The letter was as follows : To the Citizens of the City of Toledo : I beg to recommend to your favorable notice, the gallant and intrepid conduct of Captain William Dodd of this City, and his Company, who so gallantly and intrepidly sustained me in the unequal contest ranks, in spite of their officers. Still, the battle was continued by a few of the men until the greater part of the troops had retired to the Island, where all assembled to deliberate upon the best mode of escape. It was concluded to cross over from the East to the West side of the Island, and under its cover retreat, which was safely effected, although the enemy's Cav- alry hung continually on our flank and rear. I was ably seconded in all my efforts during the engagement by Colonel Ward, Major Lawton and Adjutant Olney, who fought with a bravery un- equaled in modern warfare. It is with pain and regret, that I announce the fall of Major Hoadley and Captain Van Rennssalear. The former displayed a coolness during the whole engagement worthy of a better fate. His memory should be engraven on the hearts of his countrymen. Other officers condticted themselves with unexampled bravery. None were willing to give up the contest, till compelled by the superior force of the enemy. of the morning of the 25th instant. I have seen much service in Europe and America, but never witnessed officers of a commission who conducted themselves so coolly, determinedly, and deliberately, as did Cap- tains Dodd and Crane for three and one-half hours, with 40 men against 500 British troops w-ell armed. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, Donald McLeod, Brig-Gen. Patriot Army, Upper Canada. With the Fighting Island fiasco, the "Patriot" folly collapsed in a failure which would have been ludicrous, but for the many deluded vic- tims of its vain hopes, and the peril in which it placed the peace of two Nations. The in- s|)iration of the movement was two fold — a zeal for liberty without knowledge of the means necessary to obtain it, and the spirit of plunder always so ready as an incentive in such cases. The Caroline affair at Schlosser at once aroused the intensest excitement along the border, and for a time operated somewhat to ffalvanize the sinkinsr " Patriot " cause. Its national bearing, as was to have been expected, was serious fi-om the question of hostile inva- sion which grew out of it. Public meetings were at once called at different points along the Lakes, for the expression of the popular feelings as to the matter. Such a meeting con- vened at Maumee City, January 17, 1838, being held at the American House, the signers to the call being Henry Eeed, Jr., J. J. Bingham, David Howe, W. C. White, Geo. Richardson, D. R. Ranney, Jonah Woodruff, D. B. Taylor, A. Clarke, James Wolcott, John Sargent, Ed. A. Pierson, Geo. T. Cose, Alanson Powers, John Furey, L. B. Dean, J. F. Smi.th, T. W. Our loss is one Major, one Captain and eight pri- vates killed ; one Captain and 15 privates wounded, and three taken prisoners. The enemy's loss, from the best information received, is Major McCormick and other officers (names unknown), and from 50 to 60 rank and file killed, and 75 wounded. I will further state, that we numbered just 150 on the morning of the engagement, offlcere included. I have the honor to be. Sir, Yours, E. D. Bradley, Colonel, In command Patriot Forces Point au Pellee Island, Upper Canada. ISIarch 5th, IS3S. P. S. — I have just received information from a Frenchman, who was the owner and driver of the teams that carried the enemy from Maiden to Point au Pellee. He states that 58 of the enemy were killed and 75 wounded. E. D. B. THE CANADIAN "PATRIOT" WAR. 77 Crowell, Geo. S. Hazard, James F. Shephard, Wheeler French, E. P. Parkman, J. Dwight, F. E. Kirtland, Guv C. Noble, Chas. "Woodruff, D. S. Gregory, A. J. Hackley, John Moriaii, Wm. CoiJeland, G. B. Warner, Wm. E. Dunham and vStephen T. Hosmer. James Wilkinson was Chairman, and Henry Reed, Jr., Secretary of the meeting thus called. J. J. Bingham, H. L. Hosmer and J. Dwight were appointed the committee on resolutions, whose report was in strong sympathy with the " Patriot " cause. The people of Toledo were not united in sentiment, as to either the general question of the " Patriot " movement or the character of the Schlosser affair. A meeting of about 150 citizens was held January 20th, at the Mansion House, of which Dr. Jacob Clark was the Chairman, and Chas. W. Hill the Secretary. D. O. Morton, C. E. Brintnall, E. B. Dodd, Sam. Allen, and E. S. Dodd, constituted the committee on resolutions, and reported a series of such bitterly denouncing tiie destruction of the Caroline, as "an outrage upon a body of unoffending and unarmed citizens of the United States," and "an open violation of the laws of Nations," etc., such proceeding being further characterized as "an unprovoked invasion of our soil and wanton massacre of our citizens." With these declarations as to the actions and purpose of the " Patriots," was another by the same meeting, that its members would " use all their power to prevent the unlawful organiza- tion of armed forces within our territory, and to avoid any measures calculated to involve our country in trouble or difficulty" — at the same time pledging " sympathy with the people of Canada in their grievances," and whatever aid "a neutral people could consistently " render them. The meeting was addressed by Mr. McDermott, late of London District, Upper Canada, and by several citizens of Toledo. The Toledo Blade did not sympathize with the " Patriot" movement, as conducted on the South side of the Lakes. On the contrary, it severely criticised all attempts here to raise troops or otherwise aid warlike operations in its support. Under date of January 17, 18:^8, the Blade discussed, at some length, the merits of the case, as relating to the duties of American citizens. It said : " Troops had been publicly enlisted at Buffalo — armed and equipped by her citizens, and in broad day, in daring defi- ance of law and open derision of the civil authorities, had marched out of the City and taken hostile possession of a British Island. Here they proceeded to fortify themselves, and under American leaders, receiving daily rein- forcements of American troops, supplied by bountiful donations of provisions, arms and munitions of War from American citizens; and emboldened and urged on by the perverted sympathies of a giddy multitude, and the pre- vailing tone of a servile and dependent Press, they were meditating a descent upon the shore of Canada, to shed the blood other unoffending inhabitants. Nor was this all ; for this high- handed aggression could only have been con- summated at the almost certain risk of involv- ing the whole country in a war — a war, too, with a friendly Power, to whose generous mediation, but a short time ago, our own Nation had probably been indebted for an escape from the horrors of a sanguinary conflict with France." Eeferriiig to alleged disaffection among the people of Canada, the Blade said ; "More- over, where was tiie force embodied in Upper Canada, to encourage these volunteers and beckon them on ? Where were the gathered troops of the Provincial 'Patriots,' ready to welcome these partisans to the brotherhood of arms? They were not to be found. There was no sign or trace of internal revolt; much less of a matured and extended insurrection, to afford a shadow of excuse for the meditated invasion. The majority of that people, as we learn, are in favor of reform, but not of revolu- tion. The mass of the peojjle dread nothing so much as the threatened invasion from us. Their shores are lined— not with open arms to receive us, but unbought bayonets to repel the unnatural encroachment, and defend their altars and hearths. And yet, our American volunteers, in the desecrated name of Freedom, are bent upon hostile violation of their terri- tory ; and we are required to applaud their disinterested heroism — to find a model for their leaders in the venerated LaFayette, and to libel the honest and sturdy yeomanry of our own Eevolution, who bled for their own firesides, by degrading them to a com^aarison with these bold crusaders against a foreign soil. * * We are with the cause of free principles and Republican institutions. We believe in the right of the majority to determine their own 78 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. form of government; luul il the majority of the inhabitants of the two Provinces are not satisfied with their connection with Great Britain, and are bent, at whatever hazard, to renounce their allei-iance and establish an in- dependent Government, we bid them ' God speed.' Our sympathies are with them. We do not, liowever, believe in that romantic Quixotism, which would compel thera to the horrors of revolution against their will. * * Now, we put it to the candid sense of every reflecting and considerate member of this com- munity, who believes in the obligations of good citizenshij) and obedience to laws, what was our duty ill such a crisis? Was it, to court the giddy breath of popular favor, by fanning a flame which threatened to subvert all delibera- tion and self-control, and to lead to utter an- archy? Or was it, to be silent, and through fear of giving off'ense to a generous, but over- heated ardor, stifle our convictions of the wrong committed upon our social obligations, and the shame and dishonor which impended over the National character? Our course was plain. Impelled alike by the strength of our feelings, an ardent love for our country's honor, and an imperative sense of duty, we raised a voice of resolute condemnation against the high-handed enrollment of American Volunteers to invade the coast of Canada. And what was the con- sequence? A great ferment was raised in Town, among some well-meaning, but impas- sioned champions of revolution, who seemed to think we had been guilty of some mon.strous treason to the cause of Ee])ublicau institutions, because we could not approve of the dishonor- able divorce of Liberty and Law. We took our position under the laws of the United States, and condemned, as no attempt at intimidation or proscription shall prevent us from still con- demning, earnestly and indignantly, the illegal enrollment of American Volunteers." The arti- cle closed with the quotation of a sentiment uttered by Henry Clay in the Senate in regai-d to the demonstrations at Buffalo, to wit : " There is no spectacle more unworthy a free people, than that presented by our country at present; where, while the Nation is ut peace, the People are at war." The Blade at that time, is understood to have been under the ed- itorial management of George B. Way. The free quotation from his article is made here, as much in consideration of the able and dignified assertion of the true character and office of the Press, as of the just and conservative course adopted for the paper upon an exciting and highly delicate public question ; whereby was furnished a precedent, as well as reasons, which can never be less valuable than the}' were under the particular circumstances which called them forth. The end of the so-called "Patriot" move- ment, as might have been expected, was utter and complete failure — both in its practical re- sults, and in its claims to consideration on the score of merit. The more it was examined as to the grounds upon which it was undertaken, the more causeless and unwarranted it ap- peared. At the outset, and for a time there- after, the natural sympathy of the people of the border States of the Union with any subjects of monarchical power, led them to accept the stories of " British tyranny and wrong," and to wish the victims of such oppression success in their supposed atterajjt at freedom. This sentiment, more or less general, at first mate- rially stimulated the "Patriot" cause, and aided in securing for it both financial support and securitj- for active operations. It was greatly strengthened by the sjnnpathy of the Press, which very generally encouraged the move- ment. It was only necessary for a few active and persistent men in almost any City or Town along the Lakes, to make the proper appeal, to secure more or less of popular sujjport. It was soon found, however, that the response was more liberal in volunteers for the " Patriot " Army, than in funds for its support. The financial condition of the country was specially favorable for active recruiting of men. The panic and attendant general prostration of trade commencing early in 1837, had deprived large numbers of persons of employment, while throwing manj^ others out of business, many of whom were thus well prepared to accept the plausible jiromises of the " Patriot " leaders that the property of the hated British, should soon be placed at their disposal. This consid- eration operated powerfully toward raising so- called "troops." But the essential supplies of the Commissary Department were lamentably wanting, whereby the movement was seriously crippled. The result was, that recruits drawn to the enter])rise bj' hope of plunder or other gain, often without arms, clothing and food, were but a charge upon an illy-supplied ex- THE CANADIAN "PATRIOT" WAR. 79 chequer. As a rule, they were anything but a hopeful material out of which to make soldieris. As in the case of some of the officers of the force, many of the rank and file no doubt were sincere in their desire to sustain what they supposed to be a good cause ; but the body of them knew nor cared for much beyond the hope for plunder and a love of venture — the more desperate the better.* The most important event connected with this mad movement, was the burning of the Caroline at Sclilosser. Buffer that, the " Pa- triot "War" would not have attained even to its actual significance, and would have much sooner been lost to popular view. The arrest and trial of General McLeod, by the authori- ties of the L'nited States, for the pai't taken by him in that event, led to coinplications and discussion with the British Government, which for a long time excited more or less alarm and apprehension of serious ti'ouble. The ijrudence of the two Governments, however, prevailed in an amicable adjustment of the delicate ques- tions involved. Such result was no doubt largely promoted by the action of the United States in protesting against participation by its citizens in the " Patriot " movement, and in the steps taken toward the maintenance of order and peaceful relations with the Canadian Government by citizens of the border States. In securing such end. President Van Buren sent Major-General Winfield Scott to the fron- tier for purposes of inspection and the repres- sion of participation by American citizens in the acts of hostility to British authority. On such mission, General Scott spent some time along the border, with evidentbeneficial results. Prominent in the " Patriot" movement dur- ing the Winter of 1838-9, was a Pole, Sholtew- sky von Schoultz, who had fled from Poland, to escape the vengeance of the Eussian Gov- ernment, for his jiarticipation in the insurrec- tion against that power. lie was considered a man of exceptional intelligence and energy, with an earnest, burning zeal for any cause that promised relief of a people suffering o\)- * A biographical sketch of General Bierce, who died at Akron in 1876, aged 75 years, says: "The whole movement (against Canada by Americans), was an unadvised one, and plainly a violation of in- ternational law, that, in his more mature life, he did not take much pride in." The same view is believed to have been general among the more intelligent American participants in that movement. pression such as had been forced upon his na- tive land. Volunteering for the " Patriot " service, he was appointed Colonel, with author- ity to organize a Eegiment to be constituted chiefly of Poles. In prompt response to such appointment. Colonel von Schoultz transmitted to Major-General Lucius V. Bierce, of Akron, Ohio, a detailed plan for the operations of the "Patriot" Army, in its advance into Canada. The document has historical interest, as better showing the real character of that movement, and the sort of men who led it, than could otherwise be done. It was as follows: Salina, N. Y., Sept. 28, 1838. To Major-General Bierce, Commander-in-Chief : Dear Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter dated the 17th of September, which this moment was handed to me, in relation to the organization of my forces and their movements. It is with feelings of gratification and pride I accept the honorable part you have entrusted to me, and I hasten with the utmost dispatch to fulfill my prom- ises. As the nature of the troops I organize requires offi- cers of a jiarticular description, I confidently trust you will have the goodness to permit me to appoint my officers and staff and report them to you for com- missions. The headquarters of my countrymen being at Phil- adelphia, I hasten to them through night and day, and will immediately report to you from that place. Your orders regarding the movement of my eonqia- nies will Ijc i)unctually obeyed. I hope you will rely with confidence upon my discretion in ail that regards the secrecy and security of our noble enterprise. Permit me, General, to lay before you a plan of at- tack for the ojjening of the campaign, and be assured at the same time that the reason why I do it does not originate in a supercilious pride, but that I consider it an imperious duty on my part, thereby to show myself worthy the command wherewith I have been entrusted, and add the experience which during twelve years' active service, I may have acquired in the art of war and military combinations to the talents with which you have surrounded yourself ; and fur- ther, that if the service of the detached regiment is a difficidt and bloody one, I will regard it as a particu- lar favor to have my regiment ordered to execute it. The plan is the following : Twenty-four hours before j'ou open hostilities with the main army from Dotroit or its neighborhood, a regiment will be detached and sent around by water to Waterloo. There it lands and proceeds imme- diately to Fort Erie, which is stormed and carried ; a small garrison and the wounded are left there. The regiment will proceed the same night, without repose, toward Queenston (twenty-four miles), where it arrives the following day ; attacks, storms, and carries the fortifications and the town. Leaves a garrison and 80 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. proceeds to Fort George; storms and carries It; leaves a garrison, wheels to the left and occupies Port Dal- housie ; organizes that Town for defense by throwing up two strong redouts, and abides there the move- ments of your main army, which will have jiroceeded in the following manner: Twenty-four hours after the departure of the de- tachment, the army is put in motion, storms and car- ries Fort Maiden ; leaves a garrison and proceeds in ordinary marches on the London road leading toward Toronto. Arrived at Ancaster, an express is dis- patched to the commander of the detachment at Dal- liousie (who will send scouts and reconnoitering par- ties so far), informing him of the very hour you intend to malie the attack on Toronto. The commander of the detachment will in the meantime have arranged means for crossing the lake, and shall at the fixed hour, land his forces at Toronto, thereby operating on the flank of the enemy, and force him to divide his troops. I have no doubt the place will thus be carried. The benefits resulting from this plan are the follow- ing: Fort Erie, situated opposite and near Buflalo, enables the patriots there to send their supplies of arms, etc., to a fortified place, and voluntaires can there be taken uji, drilled and forwarded ; the same it is with other fortified places. In the meantime, the enemy at Toronto dares not venture to advance against the main army, because he would be taken in the rear by the detachment. Consequently, you can advance undisturbed with your whole force, incor- porating all the Patriot forces on your way onward. Your troops will be enlivened and confident of suc- cess by the information of the victories of the detach- ment, thus raising a moral impulse among the soldiers. The Patriots will more readily hasten round your standard, knowing that you have places where, in a movement, the)' can be in security and near the fron- tiers ; finally, in case of any reverse, the arm)- can rally round the fortresses, which thus constitute a sure basis of operation and contain excellent depots. Free communications East and West with the United States are also opened. It is with great anxiety I await your answer, which I beg you to send on to Philadelphia, Penna. I have the honor to be, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant, Sholtewsky von Schoultz, Colonel. During the following Winter, von Schoultz and his command made the famous attack on Prescott, Upper Canada, in which he at first succeeded so far as to entrench himself at Windmill Point, but was overcome, captured, and executed by hanging. Manj^ other pris- oners were taken by the British authorities, some of whom were discharged, and others banished to the penal Colonies of Great Britain. Most of the latter died there, while a very few were permitted, after long years of confine- ment, to return. CHAPTER IV. THE MEXICAN WAR. ONE Comf)any was raised in Lucas County for service in the War with Mexico. Of that, Daniel Chase, then of Manhattan, was the Captain. It left Toledo for the field May IS, 1847. The Toledo Guards, Captain Willey, turned out on the occasion to escort the Com- pany to the Steamboat; and the citizens, through Judge Mj'ron H. Tilden, jiresented Captain Chase with a sword. Little can be learned of the service oi' this Company ; but what is known, is creditable to men and oflScers. It was Company B, 15th United States Infantry. In a letter dated at Chapultepec, near the City of Mexico, December 19, 1847, Captain Chase furnished the following list of deaths in his command, to wit: Chester G. Andrews and John Sleath, killed in battle near City of Mexico, August 20, 1847. Joseph F. Clark, died of wounds received in same battle. Jonas G. Anglerayer, died of wounds received at .storming of Chapultepec. John Ball, died in hospital, at New Orleans, August 20, 1847. Solomon Blenbaugh, died in hospital at City of Mexico, October 6, 1847. Chauncy Crego, died at San Borgia, Septem- ber 3, 1847. ilobert Graves, killed at City of Mexico, September 14, 1847. Isaac H. Huyck, died in hospital, at Chapul- tepec, November 19, 1847. Joseph Hickory, died in hospital, at Vera Cruz, June 22, 1847. Sam. Jennings, died near Jalapa, June 26,1847. Thomas L. Kolloch, died in hospital, at Cha- pultepec, December 15, 1847. Thos. Marks, died near Santa Fe, June 19,1847. Jacob Eeid, died in Perote, July, 1847. David Eobinson, died in Chapultepec, November 19, 1847. Noble Robinson, died in hospital, at Perote, July 3, 1847. George W. Hough, died in same, July 15,1847. James "W. Skoen, died in hospital, at Mexico, Sejitember 27, 1847. Died in hospital, atPuebla — Calvin Waggins, Charles Carroll, Edward Bennett, Joseph Cum- mings, Wm. Davis, Samuel Garrison, Wm. Gee, Hann, George Holder, Eobert Kinkley, Wm. Reigert, Ephraim Smith, Aaron Strevor, Leander P. Stoddard, Charles Tupel, Charles Smith. [81] I CHAPTER V. LOCAL MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS. FACTS and dates as to early Military organ- izations, are ditiicult to be obtained. No record beyond what is supplied by the public press can be found. But it is learned, that this department of well-regulated government was by no means overlooked. The first Military Company in Toledo, was the Lucas Guards, which had its birth in 1835, amid, as probably it was born of, the stirring scenes and excited feelings of the Toledo War. Captain Granville Jones was in command. How long the Guards maintained their organ- ization, is not definitely known; probablj", not long after the boundary question ceased to suggest such means for defen.se from " Wolver- ine" aggression. In 1838 a second Military Company was in existence, viz.: The Toledo Guards; but noth- ing can be learned of its organization at that time. In 1840, Charles W. Hill was its Captain ; Coleman I. Keeler, Jr,, and Henry Allen, as Filers; and Mavor Brigham, as Drummer. Charles B. Phillips was the Secretary of the Company, who gave notice for a drill to take place March 5, 1840. The Company was con- nected with the First Eegiment, First Brigade, of the Eighteenth Division of the Ohio Militia. While probably not a partisan organization, the Guards became prominent in connection with the political campaign of 1840, and espe- cially in its attendance at the great Whig gathering at Fort Meigs, in June of that year. The Toledo Guards gave their " First Annual Military Ball " at the American Hotel, on Jan- uary 8, 1841, " at 5 o'clock p. m." Managers : General E. S. Dodd, General J. W. Brown, Colonel B. P. Peckham, Colonel S. B. Campbell, Major Ed. Bissell, Major H. S. Wood, Captain C. W. Hill, Captain A. A. Eabineau, Captain P. Palmer, Captain W. A. Chamberlin, Captain J. A. Titus, Lieutenant C. I. Keeler, Jr., Sur- geon C. McLean, Sergeant H. G. Cozzens, Lieutenant E. A. Brown, Corporal Levi Snell, Sergeant C. M. Dorr, Private H. W. Goettell, Corporal C. B. Phillips, Private D. B. Smith, Private Dan Segur, Private Pliny Hoagland. March 5, 1841, the Guards elected the fol- lowing officers: Captain, C. W. Hill; First Lieutenant, Horatio G. Cozzens ; Second Lieutenant, Charles Bellows; Orderly Sergeant, Daniel Schraffenberger ; Second Sergeant, Thomas D. Thomas. Under the head, " Military Election," the Blade of May 22, 1839, says : " On Thursday last, John R. Osborn, Esq., of this City, was elected Colonel of the Regiment of Ohio Militia in this County." Colonel Osborn not accepting the command of the First Regiment, Fir.st Brigade, Eighteenth Division, Ohio Militia, he was succeeded by Colonel B. P. Peckham, with L. S. Lownsbury as Adjutant. The following officers of Toledo Guards were chosen hy that Companj', in April, 1841 : Cap- tain, Chas. W. Hill; First Lieutenant, Horatio G. Cozzens ; Second Lieutenant, Chas. Bellows; Orderly Sergeant, Daniel Schraffenberger ; Second Sergeant, Thomas D. Thomas. Edson Allen, Paymaster of the First Regi- ment, First Brigade, Eighteenth Division, Ohio Militia, December 26, 1842, reported that the amount of fines collected for non-performance of Militarj' dutj- during the ^-ear 1842, was S.3G.50. Captain C. W. Hill, of Toledo Guards, was elected Brigadier-General, in June, 1842. A new Military Company, taking the name of the old Toledo Guards, was organized in August, 18.55, with the following officers: Captain, Chas. B. Phillijjs ; First Lieutenant, John E. Bond ; Second Lieutenant, H. D. Kiugsburj' ; Third Lieutenant, Kin. S. Dygert; Fourth Lieutenant, Wm. S. Sizer; First Ser- geant, Chas. Ballard ; Second Sergeant, Geo. W. Merrill ; Third Sergeant, Fred. H. Brown ; Fourth Sergeant, Alonzo Kingsbury; First Corporal, C. M. McCarty ; Second Corporal, Chas. E. Bliven ; Ensign, John Gavin. At a convention of the several Military Com- panies, held in Toledo. June 6, 1857, Mr. G. Dunn was made Chairman, and C. E. Bliven, Secretary. The object was the selection of some suitable person as Major-General of the [82] LOCAL MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS. 815 Division. The names of Generals Hill, Phillips, and Gilson, Colonel Steedman, Major Dunn, and Lieutenants Bond and Finlay, were an- nounced; all of whom, except that of Colonel Steedman, were withdrawn, when that gentle- man was unanimously chosen, and he accepted the position. A Military Election was held at Toledo, September 29, 1857, when Charles B. Phillips, of Toledo, was elected Brigadier-General, Ohio Militia, by 50 votes, to 46 for Garret Dunn. An election of officers for the Toledo Guards, was held December 5, 1857; the following were elected: Captain, Chas. B. Phillips; First Lieutenant, H. D. Kingsbury ; Second Lieu- tenant, Geo. W. Merrill ; Third Lieutenant, Albert Moore; Ensign, Chas. E. Bliven. The non-commissioned officers of Toledo Guards, elected February 1, 1859, were as fol- lows : First Sergeant, Wm. P. Pugb ; Second Sergeant, Eoger Alcott; Third Sergeant, J. W. Smith ; Fourth Sergeant, J. W. Holmes ; First Corporal, J. B. Howard; Second Corporal, J. B. Foley; Third Corporal, M. O. Merrill; Fourth Corporal, C. P. Dixon. The Captain was Geo. W. Merrill. In February, 1859, Colonel J. M. Ashley having resigned his po.sition on the Staff of Governor Chase, was commissioned as Commis- sary-General of the Volunteer Militia of Ohio, with rank as Brigadier- General. Major John Stevens, of Milan, Erie County (now of Toledo), was at the same time commissioned as En- gineer-in-(Jhief of Volunteer Militia of Ohio, with rank of Colonel. Manj^ other local organizations of similar kinds have existed, from time to time, whose records are not now accessible to the writer. Suffice it to say, that Lucas Countj' has not been lacking in the spirit which suggests and maintains the military arm of defense from outside foes and disturbances. I CHAPTEE VI. THE WAR OF THE REBELLION HOME WORK. plies and recruits, which could be secured only through the prevalence of a sound, popular sentiment, whence such supj)ort must come. As every Union Soldier can testify, the Army was no less sensitive to reports of disloyal manifestations in the rear, than to those of hostile action in the front. When Putnam entered the den in search of the bear, he was quite as anxious to feel the assuring hold on the outer end of the rope attached to his ankle, as he was to find the animal before him. It was only by such patriotic and trustful co- operation of a loyal people, that the glorious success of Union arms was attained. The long-threatened blow of rebellion was struck in the commencement of cannonading upon Fort Sumpter by the Confederate guns at Fort Moultrie, on the morning of April 12, 18(51. The news of such action was jDub- lished in the Toledo Blade of Saturday, April 13th, with the following editorial comment: " The blow is struck ! The time when the friends of Constitutional Government and Civil Liberty must take their position for or against the Gov- ernment, has arrived ! The enemies of the Union and of Freedom have at last reached the point where they feel warranted in opening hostilities upon the Government they are bound by every consideration of loyalty and patriotism to support. * * All that forbearance and moderation on the part of the friends of order could do, has been done to avert this shocking calamity. * ® The history of the world furnishes no parallel to either the madness of the ofTenders, or the forbearance of the Government. In any other country on the Globe it would have been impossible for deliberate, protracted and extended armament against the Government to be carried for- ward openly and undisguisedly for months, as was the case in this instance. "The practical question now for every citizen, is ]yhat is duty? .What responsibilities devolve upon you, in this emergency ? "\\'e make no partisan ap- peal. We speak not to Republicans or to Democrats — native or foreign born— but to American citizens, of all classes and divisions. * * There can be but one answer from an American heart, and that will be a prompt and pati-iotic pledge of support to the TlIF publication of this volume affords the first opportunity for presenting the rec- ord of Lucas County, in connection with the gi-eat struggle between Treason and Loyalty — Slavery and Freedom — Nationality and An- archy — which bathed the United States in blood for the four years beginning April 12, 1861. Hence, it has been deemed fitting that such opportunity be improved, so far as may be found practicable. To that end, much of time and patient labor have been employed in gath- ering and embodying material, which it is hoped, may be found acceptable at this time, and serviceable in years to come. As may be supposed, the work has been one of selection, largely, since, with the facilities at hand, there has been no trouble on the score of quantity. Volumes might be filled with available material. In the use of the material selected, it has been deemed best to divide it under two heads —"Home Work" and "Field Work "—the former showing, to some extent, what was done by loyal men and women at Home, for the sup- port of the Government, in the various modes open to them; and the latter briefly showing by whom and how Lucas County was repre- sented 171 the Field. In the preparation of the Home department of this historj-, it was thought to be only simple justice, that those contributing to the suj^port of the operations at the front of the war, and to the mainte- nance of a loyal sentiment at home, should be recognized, so far as that should be found practicable. This view is based upon the assumption, that the two departments of action were equally essential to success — that the Soldiers were as dependent upon the efifective co-operation of the friends of the Union at home, as were the latter upon the action of the former in the field. The two classes were in- dispensable to success, and equally entitled to recognition of their faithfiil sujjport of the Government. This fact was even more fully appreciated by those at the front, than by those at home, since they were constantly impressed °"''''"''^.* ^'^''^' *^« Government, or the chosen rep- wit.h . «.... ,.f ... indisoen.nhrl 7 7 i-e^entatives of the Nation, shall devise for the vindi- indispensable need of sup- cation of its authority and the preservation of our with a sense of tht [>S-t] THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— HOME WORK. 85 liberties. The man who takes this position, will be of the Party of Patriots — no matter what his past des- ignation or association; and he who refuses to do so, should be known as a Tory and a Traitor to his Country and his duty. * * '* "We are rejoiced to believe that the masses of all parties are true to their duty, and are guided by the impulses of loyalty and patriotism. In our own section we look for a unity of sentiment and action, which will nerve the hearts and sustain the hands of those in charge of the Government, and leave no doubt as to the position of Northwestern Ohio in this crisis. And here let us suggest that immediate steps be taken by our citizens, without distinction of party, to give expression to public sentiment on this great cjuestion. We believe such a movement would do much toward concentrating popular feeling, and en- couraging our State and National authorities in the measures demanded by the exigencies of the times." In the i.ssiie of that jiaper of Monday, the 15th, appeared the following call for a public meeting : * PATRIOTS ATTEND! RALLY TO-NIGHT! The time has come when all who love their coun- try are called upon to stand by the Flag. Treason has raised its head within the pale of our glorious country. Traitorous bands have struck down the National Flag, and the Government calls on all true patriots to assist in vindicating its authority. In order that an expression of feeling may be made on this important subject, a meeting is hereby called for consultation. Let party ties and party feeling be for- gotten in this hour of our country's peril, and let the people assemble to-night at the Union depot. Tole- do, April 1.5, 1S61. ■Signed by James Deveau, Alonzo Godard, E. R. Skinner, Robert H. Bell, II. S. Commager, Valentine Braun, S. B. Moe, Wra. H. Whitaker, Wm. Kraus, Salter Cleveland, Benj. F. Mallett, Joel W. Kelsey, Wm. Baker, T. C. Stewart, F. J. King, Geo. A. Car- penter, Ebenezer Walbridge, Matthew Brown, Samuel S. Read, Henry D. Walbridge, Almon Hopkins, John B. Carson, Daniel Segur, M. D. Carrington, Theo. B. Casey, James R. Strong, A. J. Hand, Pat. Murray, Lyman Wheeler, John T. Maher, Matthias Boos, Louis Wachenheimer, F. J. Cole, S. A. Raymond, *0f this call, the BJade said : "The call in this paper for a public meeting at the Depot this evening, to one familiar with the names it bears, will testify to the universality of the Union feeUng here. Men prominent in every walk of life, and more or less active in each of the political parties, have cheerfully and promptly pledged tliemselves to stand by the right. All semblance of partyism has disapjjeared, and everybody is ready to express confidence in, and sympathy with the Administration. Already do we hear of volunteers seeking opportunity for enlistment, and should a call be made, we doubt not large num- bers could readily be obtained." Peter Lenk, Uriah Gregory, E. Bivens,Wm. C. Cheney, D. C. Dewey, P. H. O. Willibrand, C. B. Eells, Wm. C. Earl, James B. Steedman, Andrew Young, H. T. Smith, N. T. Nash, H. D. Kingsbury, Alex. Hender- son, Gustavus Goldsmith, Jos. Thomas, C. D. Wood- ruff, Christ. Woebler, Leman Kraus, Jacob Kraus, H. P. Piatt, Jos. K. Secor, David Ketcham, Leander Biirdick, Chas. A. Moore, Lewis C. Hunt, Geo. F. Denison, H. Stebbins, H. W. Bigelow, Aug. Thomas, John Sinclair, H. S. Walbridge, Horace Thacher, Geo. Spencer, Jacob Landman, Chas. O'Hara, J. H. Kohn, Clark Waggoner, Geo. True, E. M. Brown, Wm. H. Atwill, Patrick H. Galloway, Chas. T. Wales, M. H. Porter, H. C. Nicholas, E. T. JNIortimer, Henry Bennett, M. R. Waite, Jas. A. Boyd, Paul Edwards, J. Brown, J. H. Huyck, G. R. Peckman, W. A. Titus, R. W. Titus, Jas. H. Maples, John Brownlee, F. H. King, John P. Freeman, Dennis Coghlin, Louis H. Pike, Edward C. Smith, T. H. Hoag, Geo. Wilder, Matthew Shoemaker, H. Espy, A. V. Stebbins, John E. Hunt, Thos. Card, John E. Hunt, jr., Chas. I. Scott, F. J. Klauser, Jos. H. Joyce, H. D. I'ugh, John Cum- mings, Geo. W. Hart, I. N. Hathaway, R. V. Boice, Robert Cummings, Chas. B. Roff, Wm. Rofl', Robert W. Smith, Gilbert Rogers, jr., Wm. T. Hall, Jos. Coghlin, Thos. Dunlap, J. D. Crennan, M. C. Byrne, Chas. Kent, Hez. L. Hosmer, James C. Hall, W. W. Jones, Fred. A. Jones, John G. Fulton, C. H. Swain, A. G. Dooley, Wm. H. Harris, E. A. Thomas, John Kauff- man, R. C. Daniels, G. P. Crosby, Tlios. Howlett, Jas. Love, Lyman Parcher, Samuel Wagner, N. W. Eddy, A. H. Hathaway, Jos. E. Marx, G. D. Clafiin, D. E. Gardner, C. M. Yeager, Frank J. Scott, T. Tuey, John Frank Wallace, Jos. Fitzpatrick, Alex. Reed, Chas. Pratt, W. G. Powers, J. B. Trembley, John M. Blod- gett, David Anderson, John W. Fuller, Paul Jones, E. D. Nye, and hundreds of others. lu pursuance of this call, an immense assem- blage of citizens gathered at the Union Depot, where Judge James Myers was chosen Presi- dent; William C. Earl, Andrew Young and Henry S. Commager vvere made Vice Presi- dents; and N. T. Nash, Secretary. As a Com- mittee on Eesolutions, General Steedman, General C. W. Hill, H. S. Commager, Daniel Segur and J. W. Brown. Speeches were made by General Steedman, M. R. Waite, M. T. Brown, H. L. Hosmer, S. A. Raymond, D. S. Price, H. S. Commager and E. P. Bassett. The Committee on Eesolutions reported the following, which was unanimously adojJted : — Where.\s, The Flag of our Country has been fired upon and struck down by rebels and traitors, who avow their purpose to march upon and capture the Capital and overturn the Government, therefore. Resolved, That, as citizens, we pledge ourselves to ignore all past party distinctions, and give our united aid and suijport to our Government ; to protect the 86 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Capital; maintain the Government; punish tlie in- sult oftered our Flag; and restore peace and tran- quility to the Country. Resolved, That, in our opinion, the Legislature of Ohio ought to make an appropriation of $5,000,000, and provide for raising a force of 50,000 troops, to aid in sustaining the Naticmal Government. rhilharmonic Hall— Summit Street— wa.s at once engaged for " Patriotic Headquarters." The Blade of the 17th of April, said : " Many of our citizens are awaiting instruction.s from General Carrington, Adjutant-General of Ohio, as to the mode of raising troops. Persons re- quiring information, ma}' call on General C. B. Phillips, General J. B. Steedman or George P. Este." The same paper of the 18th, said : '■ The work of enlistment is progressing here actively, and the enthusiasm is more general and deeper than at any former time." The recruited men were already drilling at Phil- harmonic Hall (the armor}'). The following call ajipeared April 18, to wit: YOUNG AMERICA TO THE RESCUE ! In all crises in the World's history, certain respon- sibility has attached to Young JVIen. To ascertain the state of feeling existing among America's Youth in this City, in this hour of sadness, we propose a meet- ing to be held at Stickney Hall (248 and 250 Summit Street), this evening at 7:00 o'clock. Let all who glory in the title of " Young America," turn out. Signed by John L. Johnston, Hartwell Osborn, Theodore Sawyer, Eli M. Ashley, Orin S. Anderson, Henry S. Waite, R. B. Pratt, Charles Scott, James A. Eaton, Samuel R. Adams, George E. Welles, George C. Pepper, Charles J. Swift, T. H. Ellison, William Crowell, William H, H. Smith, E. P. Hopkins, George F. Hazlott, A. M. BLike, B. F. Card, Charles C. Starr, Fred. W. Haines, L. Goldsmith, William Bodley, William Markscheflel, John H. Doyle, Henry J. Chase, J. W. White, Carlos Colton, J. Kent Hamilton, John Henry, H. W. Dodd, James W. Clark, Foster W. Wilder, Charles R. Messenger, George E. Farley, C. F. INIeyer, William P. Garret, J. C. Frisbee, Robert D. Whittlesey, Theodore J. Brown, Orin G. 01m- stead, Ralph H. Waggoner, Edwin Avery, John E. Eldridge, H. J. Crane, William Corlett, William Bur- wick, A. Steele, Richard Bodley, William H. Perigo, Thomas Rowsey. In pursuance of this call, a large and enthu- siastic meeting was held, of which J. L. John- ston was Chairman, and Theodore Sawyer, Secretary. Remarks were made by Messrs. Johnston, Sawyer, Blake, and others, and res- olutions adopted strongly endorsing the Gov- ernment. The first Company of Volunteers for the Union Army from Lucas County, was sworn in on the 17th. Sheriif Henry D. Kingsbury, George P. Este, E. P. Bassett and John A. Chase, each was raising a Company. It was expected that these would be filled in Toledo, and a Regiment within the Military District in a week from that time. At the regular meeting of the Toledo Board of Trade, April 20th, it was " resolved, that the United States flag be i-aised over our building," and Charles A. King and Samuel S. Read were instructed to see that it was done. It was done. April 19th, Robt. H. Bell, .Joel W. Kelsey and Augustus Thomas, committee, gave notice that they had obtained from the citizens, contribu- tions sufficient to defraj' the immediate neces- sary contingent expenses of the Companies organizing at Toledo. It was then expected by Governor Dennison, that three Companies from Toledo would be in Cleveland April 24th. The Blade of April 20th, had at the head of its editorial columns, in large letters, the fol- lowing : God bless our Native Land : Firm may she ever stand. Through storm and night ! When the wild tempests rave, Ruler of Wind and Wave, Do Thou our Country Save, By Thy great might! For her our prayers shall rise To God above the skies : On Hi.M we wait. Lord, hear our Nation's cry ; Be Thou forever nigh : May Freedom never die : God save the State ! April 'I'M, three Companies enrolled at Toledo, were organized as follows : Company A (Ander.son Guards). — Henry D. Kings- bury, Captain ; S. B. Moe, First Lieutenant ; Francis N. Marion, Ensign ; Sergeants — N. J. Doolittle, James H. Boggis, J. W. White, Robert Just ; Corpor- als— Geo. W. Reynolds, Jr., B. F. Card, M. S. B. Truax, H. C. Roemer ; Drummer — S. H. Anderson ; Fifer— A. L. Callard. Privates— S. R. Adams, R. H. Bliven, H. W. Blodgett, H. P. Blake, Jacob Brand, I. G. Butterfield, Jacob Beach, Peter Bellman, Ed- ward Becker, David Brett, VVm. Church, John E. Cobb, Henry S. Commager, Frank Y. Conjinager, Luther H. Cook, W'm. Dustin, Samuel H. Decker, P. W. Disbrow, Isaac D'Isay, Marshal Davis, Evans, Archibald J. Eyster, Jas. F. ElUott, Ed. J. Fitield, Geo. Duncan Forsyth, Allen W. Frary, Geo. W. Freatenborough, Geo. Farley, Geo. Griswold, THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— HOME WORK. S7 John Gates, Frank H. Gill, Geo. W. Gore, August Graft, Geo. \V. Hanies, John H. Hicks, John C. Han- son, Edward Hartman, Geo. F. Hazlett, Samuel W. Johnston, June, Patrick Kelley, Calvin S. Kimball, Fred. Kerbell. Ed. P. Lacy, Patrick Mitch- ell, Jas. Menhcnnick, Daniel Mills, Samuel Mills, Benj. F. McCord, Peter McC'urdell, C. D. Meyer, Jas. McFadden, Walter McCarron, Samuel E. Norton, Henry G. Neubert, John Niehouse, Daniel H. Nye, Horace Odell, Geo. H. Planner, Daniel S. Price, Ed- ward Paine, Geo. W. Rodebaugh, Isaac D. Eiker, Fred. Rougement, Alpheus R. Rogers, W. F. Stopford, Thos. iScott, Wm. A. Snyder, Edward Stephan, C'has. H. Thompson, Philo B. Town, John C. Wuerfel, Edward Williams, Andrew J. Wales, Geo. J. Willis- ton, Albert V. Wilder, Wm. H. Wood, Horace H. Warren, Alonzo H. Wood, and Geo. N. Young. Company B. — Louis von Blessingh, Captain ; John A. Chase, First Lieutenant; Wm. Schulz, Ensign; Sergeants — Louis Koeppel, Henry Sengmier, PhiHp Breids, L. T. Smidt ; Corporals — Solomon Haughton, Casper Peters, Arthur Kraft, Frank Fleck ; Drum- mer — G. Milverstedt; Fifer — Henry Hermance. Pri- vates — John Raymer, John Brillman.Willard Kishael, Henry Archer, Jas. Ostrander, Edson Pratt, Fine Green, C. G. Tilebitsz, Thos. Hinds, Gilbert Ostrander, I. A. Ingersoll, Michael -Bess, Aaron Applegate, Aaron Lawrence, John Coon, Henry Belknapp, John Wedman, Fred. Waiman, Henry Bredt, Reed Harri- son, Wm. Dustin, Emil Rompant, Anton Weil, Con- rad Weil, Louis Sebastian, Michael Keish, John Hosh, Ferd. Walz, Christian Luishardt, Carl Has, Fritz Hobe, N. L. Grow, Ludwig Koehler, Geo. Die- fenseller, Jerold Kuebler, Louis Roeger, James L. Bullard, Matthew Cnlligan, James McBrido, Cornelius O'Callagren, Matthew Tooney, Aaron Laloigl). Elias Sliell. JaiiK's B. Marston. Frederick Heater. William D. Mills. Eliiis Reed. David H. Carroll. H. B. Gray. Ranatus DcMuth. Thomas T. Gray. E. S. Burchard. J. B. Cooper. J. E. Hall. James M. Stiles. Andrew Elliott. S. P. Rathbun. J. H. Scofield. James Cooper. Benj. E. Barney. A. Wolf. John P. Farnsworth. R. Hall. H. H. Wakeman. William Moorehouse. S. C. Brainard. A. P. Brainard. John Doren. Elisha Whitcomb. Emanuel Heller. Jacob Bos. P. Boyer. John Uutt. John Restor. Jacob Sander. E. R. Dyer. Mile Smith. R. W. Gillett. Caleb Ellis. James Cole. Hugh Cole. Marvin Wade. E. M. Dyer. Charles H. Reed. J. E. Kilborue. M. S. Stebbins. John Williams. G. A. Harne. O. F. Hall SYLVANIA. John U. Pease. Haskell D. Warren. Foster R. Warren. H. Hawley. Henry Harwood. John M. Wells. Lewis Cacher. Samuel H. Decker. * S. M. Judson. Owen Hendrickson. PelegT. Clark. David Harroun. D. W. Frary. Joseph Zeigeu. S. K. Wilcox. A. A. Wilcox. Geo. P. Dolph. W. H. Warren. A. O. Holloway. Fred. Hartman. Crawford Smith. B. R. Butler. B. Smith. Amos Redding. Nelson E. Shattock. N. Leonardson. Wm. J. Phelps. S. T. Chase. R. H. Alexander. Wm. A. Adams. Wm. Clamflitts. James Mann. John H. Van Pelt. Lewis Sears. Wm. B. Warren. Henry Hassan. Wm. H. Huling. Garret Vroman. Andrew Printuji. Isaac Washburn. W. A. Crandall. John Polley. Geo. Van Pelt. Amos Hopper. David P. Baker. Hiram Hollister. William Evison. Lewis P. Smith. W. H. Taylor. Wm. VandeViurg. Robert Shoeppel. P. V. Moon. Timothy Bressner. Thomas Probert. John L. Hendrickson. Samuel Young. H. Parker. William Crane. Daniel Tuthili. Wm. R. Faxon. Wm. Tuttlepen. Isaac M. Hatch. Alden A. Roberts. R. Gridley. George Hattersley. John Bertholf. E. H. Eaton. S. Perschall. E. N. Acres. B. B. Comstock. James H. Keller. Isaac Farnham. Thos. Brimercombe. Joseph Smith. Alonzo Hines. Geo. Hendrickson. John Phelps. John Gridley. A. Comstock. S. B. McGlenn. A. Cherry. S. Collins. C. H. Hagerman. George Gerwick. Harmon Murphy. Jas. P. Ostrande. John Kenvole. Nicholas D. Young. P. V. Moon. John M. Tubb. Orris F. Tubb. John Bellman. D. Kruse. Henry Vaughn. Thomas Greenavey. C. M. Griffith. Perry D. Seager. John P. Cornell. Reuben Treadway. Isaac Duncan. F. Bertholf. C. H. Gilchrist. D. Roberts. Samuel H. Nasou. John Buskirk. D. S. Dalley. A. Bowland. C. N. Lewis. Henry H. Roberts. E. Green. P. Sealing. C. H. Kennedy. Isaac Bertholf. David Brown. J. J. Ritchie. J. H. Parker. Abram Jesup. D. W. Frary. Robert Deshong. Oscar Collins. Henry Hubbard. S. H. Matthews. Henry Frat. B. Bellows, Jr. Edward Maloney. Jacob Van Alstine. O. Holloway. W. B. Butts. Wm. Patton. N. Vickery. S. M. Judson. Isaac Taft. Geo. W. Talbott. W. Lenderson. D. P. Gilson. A. D. Blanchard. A. Wintemart. A. C. Granger. Benj. Joy. Ira Harriden. John Showier. N. Dennis. Joseph Warren. James Haskell. Geo. W. Clark. James H. Colden. Wm. W. Wilson. J. J. H. Ingall. S. W. Bradley. Edward Lester. E. Comstock. Alonzo Crandall. J. V. Moore. W. A. Crandall. C. Dolph. B. H. Whitney. J. M. Thompson. MANHATT.VN. "Had no hands— both lost in battle. Said "Amen," to the paper. Thomas Wynn. Peter Mouieny. James L. Cha.se. S. F. Bailey. John L. Brown. T. Tompkins. D. E. Ford. Warren Salisbury. Amos Brown. A. H. Brown. Jacob Carson. Montgomery Carson. Robert Carson. S. M. Denman. Stephen Arguetts. Charles A. Straight. John Perry. Andrew Custash. Ferdinand Rinaldi. Francis Entew. Henry Elackmeyer. Martin Blackmeyer. John W. Bitter. John T. Kuber. Henry Shields. Henry Hurzstadt. Jokam Haas. John Brickman. THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— HOME WORK. 103 Edwin Case. T. W. Taylor. Wm. Hulest. John Koch. Peter Koch. John Koth. Peter McTague. David Springsted. John Crucher. A. Jerome. McKees Murphy. Gilbert Delye. Oliver Delye. Aiign.stus Crucher. William Ward. C. B. Holloway. Perry Wood. Hiram Wiltse. Harrison Hubbell. S. G. Ca.ss. James Wood. John Wood. M. S. Hubbell. Jonathan Barlow. Kev. John Butler. Elisha L. Wood. Nathaniel Hooker. Wm. S. Jay. John C. Delgart. Jacob Eagley. Absalom Arn. A. C. Dermott. Edward Lees. Franklin Y. Hall. J. Ain. .Samuel Dermott. Daniel Bailey. D. D. Hodges. Philo Hall. Frederich Hoeht. . James McDermott. Samuel Rodd. Harry Gunn. John Harrington. Calvin Pincnutt. Oscar Stow. J. Elliott. A. Brown. George Wilber. J. W. Jerome. F. Hamilton. RoVjertTheo. Vhees. Smith Edington. John McNess. Nathan B. McNutt. Wm. J. McNutt. S. D. Hilcox. James Jay. James Carlis. Josiah Birchfield. C. Clark. John Lalendorf. Fred. Mathers. E. S. Wynn. Charles Applegate. James McMurphy. Wm. McMurphy. Moses Mcilurphy. William Kervis. J. Dupont. John B. Dupont. Samuel Wynn. Joseph Chinavarre. Hubert Delye. Augustus Dusha. Isaac N. Reed. Joseph Rolph. Charles Clark. Samuel Cable. PROVIDENCE. SPRINGFIELD. Michael Sheehy. Bryan Sheehy. Thomas Sullivan. John Walker. George W. Emerson. J. W. Rhineberger. George Fought. Robert Irwin. John Eiklor. Wm. Fletcher. I.evi Z. Leroun. A. Ramsey. Joseph Walker. Josiah Cressy. John Ironside. William Elliott. Theodore Burt. Nathan N. Clark. Thomas Dunner. Jacol) Smith. David Smith. Samuel R. Jay. Robert Clark. Levi Manley. William Manley. Harrison Hubbell. Abram Van Wert. Elisha L. Wood. Patrick Delaney. Tarlyaze M. B. Rupal. James Trumble. R. A. Haynes. Ezra Holt. Barnet Mills. Thomas Watts. J. W. Cr&ssy. S. P. Lees. Charles Carroll. Osgood D. Cressy. Josiah Albon. John Elliott. Elis DeMott. Ausborn Awyles. Jacob Foulk. Henry Cable. H. J. Reed. R. C. Quiggle. Marvin Wade. F. Crosby. V. R. Crosby. James Roach. James Roach, Jr. John Brown. John Plase. Henry Killon. John Talbert. Ed. Koenig. Wm. Hutchinson. V. C. Whitcomb. Jacob Baumgartner. F. W. Whitcomb. R. D. Gillett. Lewis Crosby. R. F. Roach. B. G. H. Ryder. Jacob Hertzfeld. Alvin Roach. David Crosby. William Crosby. John D. Halsey. Henry Strayer. Jacob Ness. John Villman. George Perry. John Needel. Daniel Walter. Absalom Arbogart. John J. Boillatt, William Miller. W. R. Wilson. Charles Ryan. J. W. Heller. Seth Winsiow. H. R. Winsiow. James Hutchinson. Julius Richter. J. George Atkinson. Wm. Atkinson. David McCulloch. E. Hellon. D. S. Crosby. Alonzo Crosby. John Bartholl. Albert Mayer. C. B. Demuth. Fred Cipher. Peter Diem. James Ford. O. Crosby. C. B. Mead. C. Bucklin. A. Mead. G. W. Lamb. W. D. Lamb. J. Leunde. A. Miller. Levi Roach. William Gill. Samuel Miller. W. S. King. John Sheets. H. W. Keeler. Isaac Boillatt. Leonard Kury. Jacob Box. Michael Ness. John R. Hight. A. J. Roach. A. B. Mead. Tamall Rocherstraw. Isaac Boilet. Robert Wilson. WASHINGTON. Sanford L. Collins. John W. Collins. J. P. Collins. Peter C. Lewis. John Hazleton. Amasa Bishop. Wm. Richards. Lyman Haughton. W. R. Richards. Wm. Laskey. Wm. Powlesland. J. W. Colhns, Jr. Charles Henrick. William Leybourn. John Soulier. Toussaint Leroy. Benj. Mallett. M. Mallett. H. P. Whitney. S. P. Whitney. Joseph Gaper. 0. Kasler. H. G. Downer. George Baker. John Gibbon. E. E. Andrews. Samuel G. Lewis. Joel Nye. ITptfm McLain. John Byrne. M. R. Johnson. Anson Trowbridge. Charles Hasty. F. J. Cole. Geo. Stetter. Thos. Secor. 104 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. David Walker. Geo. Walker. &UU. Groesenliacher. G. S. Martin. William Coiintpr. H. Glenn. Wm. P. Warren. S. 8. Ketehauj. Henry Major. Cliarles E. Burton. George Careen. George Wliitwill. Franeis Conrsin. G. E. Bush. B. Holmes. A. Bersh. Peter Lane. 0. Bush. G. W. Mallett. A. Ware. James Wright. William Taylor. J. C. Vaughn. Thomas Tunison. Peter Miller. D. C. Tunison. Emanuel Butts. Levi Munson. Shubal Munson. Caleb Crissey. Phillip Dennis. John Murbach, Sr. Alex. Crissey. Charles N. Curtiss. H. Murbach. C. Young. John Miller. John Wairs. M. Rohrbossy. Sebastian Durker. Simon S. Pemberton, AVm. H. Morry. John Breick. John Clum, Jr. Andrew Miller. John Clum, Sr. Peter Lumbriser. Abner D. Debolt. Samuel Devine. John Barnes. Peter Raab. John Farner. B. T. Geer. Sebastian Brown. Abram Kalcy. W. D. Herrick. Erastus Brown. Adam Weizel. David Mills. Elisha Whipple. Sol. A. Stebbins. W. R. Richards. John W. Welch. Augustus Hartman. Edwin Richards. Ransom E. Richards. Henry C. Richards. Ira Haughton. Albert Haughton. Orson Haughton. C. W. Ferguson. A. C. Harris. Richard Collins. Francis Granger. B. 0. Gordanier. C. L. Phillips. John Grinage. Solon Haughton. Paul Kunkle. SPENCER. Abram Johnson. Ezra C. Tunison. James Patten. Henry AVilliams. Adam Brown. Alonzo Fairchild. Prosser Coon. Willard Barnes. Frederick Peters. Wilham ColHtt. Charles Nichol. John Nichol. James S. White. Jefferson Fairchild. Elisha Bard. Isaac Dennis. Joseph Cunningham. David Dennis. Joseph Dennis. George Dill. John All. William Brown. A. B. Johnson. Fayette H. Coon. Francis S. All. Solon Morei. Harrison Earns. Emanuel Shrock. Ezra C. Tunison. Abram Seyler. S WANTON. Arthur Mills. Oscar F. Mills. George Gird ham. Wilber Brace. Thomas Ru.ssell. A. B. Waltz. Wm. McXamara. James Pegden. James Egnew. J. G. Holbrook. Jonathan Gilbert. Jacob Brown. John H. Adams. W. S. Mills. Abraham Deck. Silas Zeigen. Henry Kiser. William AUman. J. C. Mills. James Plerzig. Oscar Brown. Charles Brockway. George Curtis. Hiram Haughton. J. G. Kellogg. W. Woodard. C. Dugan. J. Warner. Daniel Kaley. M. Carney. James Patten. J. J. Dugan. Robert A. Haynes. P. Vandenhoff. Isaac B. Ellis. Anthou)' Herrick. Cyrus Davis. Michael Phalen. John Halpin. Pliny Lathrop. C. C. Lathrop. Henry Metcalf. Asaph Ely. George F. Ford. Levi Ford. Wallace R. Ford. Otis Ford. Eugene F. Ford. Charles Ford. Lucius L. Ford. E. Buck. M. P. Sanderson. Menzo Grover. James J. Lathrop. L. C. Lathrop. Lorenzo Lathrop. Wm. W. Wilson. Henry C. Ely. James Wood. M. Bennett. Alanson Bennett. William Swift. Jame.s Farley. David Mangel. Stephen Green. Adam Brown. Robert W. Taylor. John Atkinson. J. W. Deck. Thomas Tunison. Charles Lampman. James C. Wales. Daniel Allman. John Shepler. Joseph Shepler. Jacob Herzig. George N. Gardner. John G. Wales. Charles Brown. John C. Sherwood. WoodrufT A. Curtis. Harvey Kellogg. B. F. Cunningham. C. F. Bates. L. Merickel. John McMillen. G. W. Cunningham. Frederick Newbitt. John Patten. Josiah Clark. G. S. Monelly. Jacob Hunt. Patsy Fotie. John Jeall. Frederick Hoffman. Gilbert Jacobs. RICHFIELD. Henry Chule, Jr. M. F. Collins. Daniel Brint. Peter Waterman. James Talva. William Gray. George Polly. Jonas Woltinger. George Wickham. A. Bordeaux. W. M. Whitney. P. C. Turner. R. Sawyer. L. W. Hendrickson. David Hendrickson. A. Buck, Sr. G. VV. Hughes. T. Vetter. Thomas Gorman. G. B. White. Martin Perky. Wm. L. Bennett. Charles D. Sprague. Ellas Welch. D. H. Farley. D. D. Hawes. THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— HOME WORK. 105 In this connection, the following admirable production, from the pen of Professor W. A. C. Converse, then Principal of the Toledo High School, is deemed jaertinent and fitting for preservation ; THE SOLDIERS' APPEAL. [Suggested at the Union Meeting, Toledo, March 2, 1SG3.] Hear ye the voice tbat speaks afar. From every blood-stained field of War — In strife— above the bugle blast; In dying tones, when strife is past. Hear ye, the words our Brothers speak, Who stand for us within the fight— " O, for the helpless and the weak. Ye Patriot Men, Unite— Unite ! " Brave Men from the Atlantic's strand Meet Braves from the far " Golden Land ;" The Heroes from the Mountain side Greet Heroes from the Prairies wide. Behold them, partisans no more. Contending side by side for right. Oh, hear their million tongues implore — " For love of God. Unite— Unite ! " From Ellsworth's grave, from Baker's blood — From fields W'here fallen thousauds stood — Thousands, who fondly hoped to be Shrined in a Nation's memory— From twice ten thousand graves, there comes The earnest voice we hear to-night - And twice ten thousand mourning homes Echo the words, " Unite- Unite ! " Nay, from graves the older Heroes fill- From Yorktovvn, Trenton, Bunker Hill— From Vernon's Tomb, from Marshfield's sage — From Ashland and the Hermitage— The gray-haired men from every tomb. Potent where our shattered armies fight : List to the countless tones that come— " For Country, Home, and God, Unite ! " Great God in Heaven ! before Thee now, We register our holy vow: Our Party names— we spurn them all, And swear, whatever may befall, While Traitors raise a Hag on high. We'll aid our Brothers in the fight; " For Union, we will live and die — So help us God. w'E will Unite ! " The purpose of this movement in response to the appeal of the Ohio Soldiers, was met in a high degree. Probably no popular movement in this section during the war, was more timely or more potent in arousing the spirit of loy- alty, which for some time had seemed latent, and thus without projjer influence in maintain- ing an active co oi)eration at home, while tend- ing to depress and discourage the Soldiers in the field. The efi"ect of the appeal of the Ohio Soldiers was by no means limited to their own State, but it was accepted by loyal citizens throughout the country, as no less addressed to them, and with them it had corresponding in- fluence in awakening a desired spirit of loyalty and activity. The result was a general stimu- lus to the Union cause through the North, whereby was made more free needed recruits for depleted Regiments, while the hearts and nerves ot the Soldiers at the front were greatly strengthened by such timely assurance of home support. As a consequence largely of this state of things, the camjjaign of 1863 early de- veloj)ed features of renewed energy, and was marked with corresponding efiiciencj' and suc- cess. Grant's Army was permitted to celebrate the 4th of July in Vicksburg. The brilliant success at Gettysburg, and the capture of Port Hudson, with other signal victories, united to mark the change in the situation which loyal citizens had so greatlj' desired; the people of Ohio having special satisfaction in the defeat and capture of John Morgan, on his mad raid witliin this State. The reverse in feeling which tliesc successes produced, is indicated by two editorial articles in the Toledo Blade, the one of June 30th, when the culmi- nation of long-delayed military operations in different directions had wrought the popular feeling to the highest pitch of anxiety and &])- 23rehension of defeat; and tiie other— just one week later — when Gettysburg and Vicksburg had electrified the North with their brilliant victories for loyal arms. From the Toledo Blade of June 30, 1863: DON'T CROAK! If we could utter but two words, at an hour like this, we think they would be, " Don't Ckoak ! " Croaking does nobody good— especially the croaker. It sours his mind and feelings toward everybody, and the Government in particular, while it more or less dis- courages and disheartens all who listen to him. It there be a man in the community, whom we feel like going round a block to avoid, it is one of these "birds of ill-omen "—these dog-in-the-manger characters— who, seeing no good they can do, consider themselves as specially commissioned to carp and find fault with every one who tries to do good without consulting them. We submit, if this be the part of patriots at a time like the present? The Government needs the best help the peoiile can render, to extricate the Na- tion from its present difficulties. Does croaking fur- nish such help ? We are not to stop here to wrangle about men or past mistakes, but to enquire where we can strike the most efi'ective blow for our bleeding country. If errors in leaders would justify the Civil- ian in withholding aid from the Government, then would such also warrant the .Soldier in aljandoning his post; for the obligation of the man in the field to stand by the Government, in defeat and in reverses, is no stronger than is that of the man at home. What would excuse the one, would excuse the other. The Soldier is daily called to make sacrifices and hazard his life to correct the errors of leaders. Why should not others do the same '? 106 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. From Toledo Blade, July 7, 1863 : VICTORY ! Thank God, for the occasion for again writing tliat word! We never doubted tliat sncli grateful priv- ilege would be granted us. Our faith in the darkest hours of recent dark days, never failed us. Still, the portentous, gloomy present, wa.s painful and oppres- sive. And what a relief, to have it changed ! How the heart rebounds, when the weiglit of disappoint- ment and reverses is removed, and faith gives place to reality I How grateful to every true patriot, is the thought, that all the immense preparations and stu- pendous plans of the enemy for ravaging the peace- ful, prosperous North, and seizing the National Cap- ital, have been not onh- frustrated and safety restored where imminent danger threatened ; but the in- vading hosts terribly punished, if not totally annihi- lated. The lesson we desire to draw from this expe- rience, is, that we should cultivate a more rational, and consequently, a more abiding faith in the ulti- mate success of our cause. We should, so far as possible, avoid extravagant expectations of success, and thereby be the better prepared for reverses which we have reason to expect. The authorities and the gallant men in the Army and the Kavy, have enough to do to meet and thwart the consummate skill and desperate efforts of the enemy, without the " fire in the rear " with which tinreasoning croakers harass them. If the latter cannot afford to do, can't they aflbrd to wait f In July, 1862, a series of public meetings were held in Lucas County, tinder the auspices of the Militar}' Committee, for the purpose, chiefly of promoting enlistments in the Union Army. These were held in every Township, and were addressed by different citizens, in- cluding E. C. Lemmon, Wm. Kraus, E. P. Bassett, M. E. Waite, D. E. Gardner, F. Henig, Sr., Thomas Duulap, S. A. Eaymond, W. C. Earl, L. H. Pike, Nathan Eeeve, J. E. Osborn, J. V: Hall, J. M. Eitehie, Wm. M. White, D. E. Austin, B. T. Geer, Wm. Baker, Eev. E. B. Morrison, Eev. Ambrose HoUington, E. C. Marksheffel, Geo. E. Haynes, Andrew Young, F. A. Jones, Wheeler French, John J. Manor, and A. G. Clark. The result of these meetings was materially to awaken a popular sense of the needs of the Government and of the obli- gation of loj'al citizens promptly and effectu- ally to meet such want. March 20, 1863, in pursuance of a call signed by several iiundred citizens of Toledo, a large meeting was held at White's Hall, when a Loyal National League was organized. The nature and purpose of the organization was set forth in the call, as follows : We pledge ourselves to an unconditional loyalty to the Government of the United States— to an un- wavering support to its efibrts to suppress the Rebel- lion—and to spare no endeavor to maintain, unim- paired, the National Vnity, both in principle and in territorial boundary. The primary object of this League, is, and shall be, to bind together all Loyal Men — of all trades and professions — in a common Union— to maintain the power, the glory and the in- tegrity of the Nation. The meeting was called to order by Wm. Baker, on whose motion Mayor Manor was made Chairman, W. C. Earl being appointed Secretary. Wm. Baker, Geo. W. Davis, Wm. Kraus, Chas. Pratt and Chas. Dodge, were ap- pointed a Committee to prepare a constitution for the League; and A. G. Clark, D. E. Gard- ner, J. A. Scott, J. M. Eitehie and Jacob Landman, a Committee to recommend officers for the same. Mr. Baker read a letter to the Union demonstration of March 18th, from General J. B. Steedman, when three cheers were given for its author. The Committee presented the following list of temporary offi- cers for the League, which was adopted, to wit : President, Denison B. Smith ; Vice Presidents, Augustus Thomas, Wm. Baker, J.J. Manor; Secretaries, C. H. Coy, Ernst Greiner; Cor.- Secretary, Wm. C. Earl; Treasurer, Denison Steele. John E. Osboru and Captain C. W. Moulton, upon call, addressed the meeting, when it adjourned to meet March 30th, at which time the constitution was adopted, and the League was addressed bj- E. D. Nj^e, Esq., then recently from the South. April 6th, the League again met, when permanent officers were chosen, as follows: President, Denison B. Smith ; Vice Presidents, 1st Ward, Wm. Baker; 2d Ward, Matthew Brown; 3d Ward, Peter Lenk ; 4th Ward, Wm. C. Huffman; 5th Ward, James C. Hall ; 6th Ward, Alonzo Eogers; Eec. Secretaries, C. H. Coy, Ernst Greiner; Cor. Secretary, Darwin E. Gardner; Treasurer, Wm. Kraus. A letter was read from Judge James Myers, Eepresentative, at Co- lumbus, approving of the movement. Pursuant to the call of a number of German citizens, a large and enthusiastic meeting of that nationality was held at Philharmonic Hall, Toledo, March 28, 1863, of which Dr. Valentine Braun was President, and Ernst Greiner Secretary. Guido Marx read an ad- dress and resolutions from Companj' H, 14th Ohio Infantrj', when the following committee was appointed to draft an address in response THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— HOME WORK. 107 to the same, to wit: Dr. Hohly, Dr. Plessner, Geo. Weaver, Ignace Wernert and Guide Marx. Jacob Landman, A. Bunert and Guido Marx were ajipointed a committee to make ar- rangements for the organization of a German Loyal Leagiie. The meeting was addressed by Wm. Ivrau.s, J. M. Ashley, Dr. Plessner, An- drew Stephan and G. Marx. The meeting was regarded as a success. In 1863, for the purpose of provision for whatever demand might be made for men in support of the Government, the State was thoroughly enrolled and largely organized as the Ohio National Guard, nine Districts having been created for such purpose, the Ninth con- sisting of the Counties of Lucas, Fulton, Wood, Williams, Defiance, Henry, Paulding, Putnam, Van AVert, Allen, Hancock, Seneca, Huron, Erie, Sandusky and Ottawa. In July, elec- tions of Compan}' officers were held in the sev- eral Counties, and Eegiments organized. The following officers were chosen in Lucas County : FIRST REGIMENT. COMPANY MCATION CAPTAIN FIRST LIEUTENANT SECOND LIEUTENANT A . . .. 1st Ward, Toledo E. B. Bronson E. P. Eaton John Tollman _ Harlow J. Boice Geo. Kapp - — B C .. K John Nauman S. W. Freeman Artius Weil D .< (( E •'d Ward " Fred. Ingold John H. Fork Dan. J. Mattocks, Jr Joseph B. Fisk John Ascheubrenner John Kessler F (( >i Chas. H. Harroun G >. .. Ernest Kibbe - H .1 .. Chas. \V. Hall Henrv Bruksieker I ,1 .. Wolfgang Fox _ . John Schumaker K « I. Jacob Gelzer John Boyer - SECOND REGIMENT. COMPANY LOCATION CAPTAIN FIRST LIEUTENANT SECOND LIEUTENANT A .. 3d Ward, Toledo „ 1, Geo. A. Bishop Wm. 0. Brown. Julius Parcher.- G. Goldsmith Chas. P. Boardman B. H. Hitchcock C Stephen W. Dyer Chas. C. Starr Jus. W. Clarke D F . John G. Barbank Leander Burdick M. Dooley Jas. Dority G 4th Ward, " Timothy B. Mellay Thos. Gregory H Wm. H. Dyer Ed Slalone Chas. Woodbury K. James Mattlmore Patrick Waters THIRD REGIMENT. A . B. C. D . E. F. G. H. I.. K. 5th Ward, Toledo. 6th " Manhattan .. Washington . Sylvauia . .4 Adams... CAPTAIN Alfred W. Gleason. [No return] James Coyle James Ford Edward Chase. [No return] Ed. Upton Wm. D. Moore [No return] Hiram Haughton... FIRST LIEUTENANT J. Paul Jones. Ferd. Johnson Richard Garner., Samuel Jacobs — N. A. Cone.... H. H. Warren - Alonzo Lane. SECOND LIEUTENANT E. Yardley. Henry Thoensing. John Downey E. S. Wynn Upton McLain Nathaniel Cooper. J. Reynolds. FOURTH REGIMENT. C0.MPANY LOCATION CAPTAIN FIHST LIEUTENANT SECOND LIEUTENANT A Richfield Spencer.. _ W Tunison - Wm. Gowman G. F. Ford - B c J. W. Cressey John Miller ... . Edward Carroll D W R Hull Frank Witzler E Wm. Robertson Louis Kaiser Philip Ruchel Oscar F. Mills P. H. Pray A. Walp - Geo. H. Blaker — Monclova SwantOD H. C. Norton G Wm A Scott Thos. Russell H R. W. Gillette I J Farriugton M. W. Pray K R. C. Quieele D. G. Crosby Levi Stutts Captains E. B. Bronson. N. M. Howard, James Ford and C. B. HoUoway, were detailed to act as Colonels until the election of field officers. los HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Subsequently, Luther Whitney was elected Colonel, Geo. W. Merrill, Lieutenant-Colonel, and E. Kibbe, .Major, of the 1st Eegiment; Captain N. M. Howard, Colonel, C. C. Starr, Lieutenant-Colonel, and W. H. Dyer, Major, of the 2d Regiment; James Ford, Colonel, Stephen S. Kingsley, Lieutenant-Colonel, and W. n. Huling, Major, of the 3d Regiment; and J. Farrington, Colonel, C. B. Holloway, Lieu- tenant-Colonel, and W. A. Scott, JIajor, of the 4th Regiment. Camps for di-ill were established in the sev- eral Districts, that for the Ninth having been located at Toledo, the ground selected being out Cherry street, about two miles from Sum- mit street, and the time September 18th-2.3d, inclusive. In camp were about 10,000 men, divided into three Brigades, commanded as follows: 1st Brigade, Colonel D. F. DeWolf; 2d Brigade, Colonel Stearns ; 3d Brigade, Col- onel Kelsea, the latter including eight Compa- nies of Ist Regiment, Lucas County, Colonel C. B. Phillips. The stalf officers of General Hill, as instructor of the Camp, were as fol- lows: Colonel C. B. Phillips, Chief; Colonel N. M. Howard and Captain Richard Waite, Aides-de-Camp ; Colonel Luther Whitnej', In- spector; Lieutenant M. H. Austin, Assistant- Inspector; Lieutenant-Colonel C. C. Starr and Lieutenant Fielding S. Cable, Acting Assistant Adjutant-Generals; S. S. Thorn, M. D., and Chas. Cochran, M. D., Surgeons. Other details were made, as follows : Lieutenant Chas. N. Stevens and Frank McGinniss, Clerks to Gen- eral Commanding ; Lieutenant JamesW. Clark, Clerk to Acting Assistant Adjutant-General ; Lieutenant Pomeroy, Postmaster; Lieutenant Jetfrey "Wheeler and Wm. Clark, Orderlies to General Commanding; J. Burgoon, Orderly to Acting Assistant Adjutant-General; Sergeant S. "W. Hart, Orderly to Inspector. On the 23d, the Camp was visited by Governor Tod, who there reviewed the ti'oops and addressed them at some length, expressing his high gratifica- tion at both the numbers present and the pro- gress made in their drill. He said it was possible, that before the season was ended, they might be called upon to cross the State to meet a Southern foe. If General Eosecrans should be compelled to fall back, the Soldiers then in camp would be needed, and he assured them he would give them an opportunity to " show their steel." This announcement was received with prolonged cheering, the men swinging their hats. He said that in March previous, Ohio was found to be 30,000 men ahead of her proper quota. The Governor closed with a call for three cheers for General Hill, in recog- nition of his success as Commandant of the Camp, and of his prominent service in the in- ception and organization of the State Militia. From 10,000 to 12,000 persons were reported as present on the occasion. The Camp broke uj) on the 24th of September, and at 1 p. m. the troops marched to the Union Railway de- pot, passing through the City. The streets were verj- generally adorned with stars and stripes and other marks of respect for the soldiers. At the corner of Summit and Monroe streets, they were halted, when in an appropriate fare- well order, General Hill took leave of them. As a train on the Dayton k Michigan Rail- road, bearing Volunteer Infantry on their way for drill at (Jamp Lucas, Toledo, was passing around the curve in that Road, in East Toledo, in September, 1863, a "pony " engine collided with the train, killing John Scott and William Philo, of Wood County, and injuring many others more or less seriously. A fund for the benefit of the families of the deceased, was raised by contributions of the soldiers at the Camp, which amounted to about $725. In August, 1862, Major Lewis Butler, com- manding 67tli Ohio, wrote a letter in which he said: "I will send our old flag to the citizens of Toledo at the first opportunity. It is so completely riddled, that it is no longer service- able to us. Let it be preserved as a token of their generositj-, and let all who look upon it, breathe a silentprayer for those brave defenders of their country, who fell fighting for its pro- tection " October 1, 1863, this flag was for- mally delivered to the Toledo City Council, by Maj^or Dorr, with a letter ft-ora Colonel A. C. Voris, making fitting mention of the scenes through which the banner had passed, without a stain or reproach on those who gallantly bore it. Appropriate resolutions were adojited by the Council, accepting the flag and recognizing the heroism of the Regiment. March 31. 1864, the Toledo Board of Trade appointed the following named persons as a committee to visit Cleveland, to meet the com- mittee on Naval Affairs of Congress, and to submit for its consideration the advantages of Toledo as a location for a Navy Yard, to wit: THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— HOME WORK. 109 Harry Chase, T. C. Stewart, J. W. Scott, Rich- ard Mott, M. E. Waite, Wm. Baker and S. M. Young. At this time Cono-ress was seriously considering the policy of more adequate means of protection for the Lakes from attack by Eebel forces, Canadian sympathizers and dis- loyal combinations within the Northern States. The rebellion collapsed before definite meas- ures were adopted to that end. In view of apprehended i-aids b^- Confeder- ates operating from Canada, attention was called to the policy of temporary defense at different points on Lake Erie. In accordance with such purpose. Colonel T. J. Cram, of United States Corps of Engineers, made report to the War Department in January, 1864, of a plan for the mouth of the Maiimee River and harbor of Toledo. Among other provisions, he suggested for the outer harbor, 20, 30 and 100-pound Parrott guns, and 8 and 10-inch Columbiads en barbette, for Turtle Island ; a co-operative Battery at North Cape Ridge, and a Battery on Cedar Point. For the inner har- bor, he recommended three Batteries, two one side, and one on the other, of the River, be- tween its mouth and the Middle Ground in the City. November 10, 18(34, Major-General Joe Hooker visited Toledo, and by invitation, briefly addressed the Board of Trade. The object of his visit was to examine the harbor and Bay, with reference to any defenses that might be feasible. He expressed the opinion that a Battery located on the bluff at the West point of Presque Isle, and another on a point op- posite on the main land, would afford ample pro- tection. This oijinion was based on examination then made. No steps ever were taken toward carrying out either of the above suggestions. LTnder an arrangement between the War Department and the Governors of Ohio, In- diana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Iowa, these States were to furnish 85,000 men for 100 days' service. Pursuant to this arrangement, Gov- ernor Brough by proclamation called out 30,000 of the Ohio National Guard, for May 2, 1864. He said : " Our armies in the field are marshaling for a decisive blow, and our Citizen- soldiery will share the glory of the crowning victories of the campaign, by relieving our veteran Regiments from post and garrison duty, to allow them to engage in the more arduous duties of the field." So prompt was the response to this call for 30,000 troops, that within one week 38,000 were ready, and nine days later, 35,000 were in and on the wa}' to the field. In a letter of June 1, 1864, the Secre- tar}- of War wrote Governor Brough as follows: " This prompt and energetic action of yourself and staff and the loj-al jieoplo of Ohio, exhibits an unmatched effort of devoted patriotism and stern determination to spare no sacrifice to maintain the National Government and over- throw the rebellion." The credit for such re- sults was largely due to Adjutant-General Charles W. Hill, through whose foresight and energy, in a great measure, the National Guard were put in shape to make such prompt re- sponse possible. Pursuant to this call. Colonel C. B. Phillips, 1st Regiment Ohio National Guard, ordered his command to report May 2d, in Toledo, wbicli was done, and the Regi- ment, as the 130th Ohio Volunteer Infantrj', left for Johnson's Island, Erie County, May 12th. The force then included four Companies from Fulton County, and numbered over 1,000 men. It was officered as follows; Colonel, Charles B. Phillips; Lieutenant-Colonel, John Faskiu; Major, E. B. Hall; Surgeon, S. S. Thorn; Assistant-Surgeon, Calvin Hathawaj' ; Adjutant, Will. B. Dicks; Quartermaster, Mi- not I. Wilcox; Chaplain, James W. Alder- man. Company A — Sylvester Brown, Captain; Wesley Chamberlin, First Lieutenant ; James C. Messer, Second Lieutenant; 80 men. Com- pany B — Dan. A. Collins, Captain ; Wm. C. Cheney, First Lieutenant ; Fred. Ingold, Sec- ond Lieutenant; 75 men. Company C — Rich- ard Waite, Caf)tain ; John J. Barker, Second Lieutenant; 81 men. Company D — L. Jay Carrell, Captain ; L. D. Msison, First Lieuten- ant; Erwin M. Fenner, Second Lieutenant ; 79 men. Company E — Geo. W. Reynolds, Jr., Captain; Louis Kaiser, First Lieutenant ; 80 men. Company F — Louis Koejjpel, Captain ; John C. Wuerful, First Lieutenant ; Louis Rieger, Second Lieutenant ; 78 men. Company G — Warren D. Moore, Captain ; L. W. Hen- drickson. First Lieutenant; Jos. Warren, Sec- ond Lieutenant; 75 men. Company H — S. L. Spencer, First Lieutenant; J. B, Faslibaugh, Second Lieutenant ; 82 men. Company I — Samuel Leybourn, Captain ; Henry Brown, First Lieutenant; Geo. Curson, Second Lieu- tenant; 72 men. Company K — Wm, O. Webb, Captain; Geo. P. Bristol, First Lieutenant; Henry Lange, Second Lieutenant; 80 men. 110 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. The non-commissioned officers of Company C, were as follows : Orderly, Fred. B. Shoemaker; Sergeants, Geo. Durringer, John Nagley, Henry G. Totton and Horatio S. Young ; Cor- porals, Fred. P. Waite, Ealph H. Waggoner, F. W. Moellenburg, Conrad Weil, Edward Sex- ton, Fred. A. Stevens, Elijah P. Crane, Chas. H. Coffin. For a time the Regiment did guard duty at that place, and while there the rebel prisoners attempted an escape by tunneling, but were discovered and defeated. June 4th, the Regiment left the Island for Bermuda Hun- dred, in the James River, via Washington, where it remained three days, calling on Pres- ident Lincoln, who spoke to them as follows : "Soldiers: I understand you have just come from Ohio — come to help us in this, the Na- tion's day of trial, and also of its hope. I thank you for 3'our promptness in responding to the call for troops. Your services were never more needed than now. I know not where yon are going. You may stay here and take the place of others who will be sent to the front, or you may go there yourselves. Wherever you go, I know you will do your best. Again, I thank you. Good bye." The Regiment was placed in the 2d Brigade, 3d Division, 10th Army Corps, Brig.-General 0. S. Terry, commanding. It was ordered to Point of Rocks, on the Appo- mattox, and soon i-eturned to the left of the intrenchments at Bermuda Hundred, where it was occupied in drilling, digging rifle-pits, and picketing the lines until June 21st, when it moved to Deep Bottom, again doing picketing and digging. June 22d, the Regiment partic- ipated in a skirmish with Rebel pickets, losing one man wounded. August 11th, it proceeded to Fort Powhatan, where it remained until mustered out, its term of service having ex- pired. September 7th, it took the transport Keyport, on the James River, the boat en- countering a severe storm, and barely escap- ing wreck. On the 12th, it reached Toledo, where it was enthusiastically ,though informally received. The ladies of the National Covenant, under direction of Mrs. S. R. L. Williams and Mrs. Palmer, had made arrangements with Mr. R. P. Ainger, of the Island House, for a supper for such of the men as might desire it. Com- pany A, Captain Brown, had already proceeded to East Toledo, where a supper awaited them. Rev. Seth G. Clark, Chaplain of the 10th Ohio Cavalry, addressed a meeting in Toledo, October 30, 1864. He had then recently been released from a rebel prison, having been cap- tured near Lovejoy's Station, South of Atlanta, while with Kilpatrick on his raid. In May, 1804, Governor Brough issued an urgent appeal to the people of Ohio for sup- plies of fruits and clothing for the wounded Union Soldiers on the Potomac. In response to that call, a meeting of citizens of Toledo was hold May 20th, of which Chas. M. Dorr was Chairman and W. C. Earl the Secretary. Rev. E. F. Piatt offered praj-er. Two committees, each consisting of two citizens of the different Wards of the City, were appointed ; the one to secure money contributions, and the other to collect supplies. The Money Committee was constituted as follows : First Ward— David Smith, E. B. Hyde: Second Ward— T. C. Stew- art, Alex. Reed; Third Ward— A. L. Kelsey, D. H. Miner; Fourth Ward— W. H. Dyer, Robert Cunimings ; Fifth Ward — J. N. Drum- mond, J. T. Newton ; Sixth Ward — Alonzo Rogers, M. T. Huntley. The Committee on Supplies, were : First Ward — C. A. King, J. R. Osborn ; Second Ward — John Sinclair, M. D. Carrington; Third Ward— D. B. Smith, H. S. Walbridge; Fourth Ward— A. W. Barlow, Wm. Kraus; Fifth Ward— James C. Hall, Matthew Shoemaker ; Sixth Ward — A. Rogers, Richard Garner. An Executive Committee, consisting of R. H. Bell, Thomas Hamilton, and J. Austin Scott, w^as appointed. The meet- ing was addressed by Rev. Mr. Thomas, M. R. Waite, H. T. Niles and D. E. Gardner. The result of this movement was the provision of liberal supplies of both money and articles needful for the wounded soldiers. The cause of the Union was called to a spe- cial crisis during the Summer of 1864, to meet which. President Lincoln, much against his choice, was constrained to call for additional re- inforcements of men for the National Army. At the time no State had a better account with the War Department, than had Ohio; while no portion of the State was on better footing in that connection, than was the Northwest. These facts however, in no way lessened the patriotic response to such call, to be made in this section. Immediate steps were taken for supplying the requisite re-enfoi'cements. A meeting of the County Military Committee of this Congressional District was held in Toledo, August 26tb, when it was resolved to issue an THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— HOME WORK. Ill address to the people, urging prompt action in filling up the quota called for. M. K. Waite was invited to prepare such address, which he did. The character of the paper may be judged from the following extract: This is no time to stop and enquire whether all has been done that could have been done with the men and means already furnished. It is enough for all true patriots to know, that the one great object of the contest has not been accomplished. The integrity of the Union has not been restored. All the old United States do not recognize the Constitution under which we have so long lived and prospered. Our flag does not float resi^ected over the old Union. When that great end is attained, it will be time enough to en- quire whether more remains to be done. The Gov- ernment says it must have the men, and without them, we know our cause may fail. Shall we give them ? Only a few days remain in which to do the work, but enough for the purpose, if each man in the District does his duty. Heretofore the Soldiers from our District have been Volunteers. Let them be such hereafter. By proclamation of July 18, 1864, the Presi- dent called for 500,000 additional troops, for one, two and three years. For these the Government oifered bounties for Volunteers, of $100, $200 and $300. To this, Toledo added $100 for Vol- unteers. Counting tlie quota under that call, the account of Lucas County stood as follows : SUB-DISTRICTS Quota July.'()4 DEFI- CIENCY SUEPL' S DUE Aug. 1st Toledo 1st Ward 96 117 111 127 96 28 31 39 22 m ao 13 21 13 8 39 37 S 18 6 39 17 7 1 5 3 7 6 30 9 3 3 7 2 10 102 2d " 111 3d " 81 4th " 166 5th " 113 6th " 35 Oregon Town.ship 32 30 Manhattan Sylvania 27 38 Richfield Spencer Adams Monclova Springfield Wavnesfield 27 10 21 G 6 29 Waterville 37 Swantou Providence 2 6 18 In December. 1864, the following local Com- mittees were appointed for the purpose of cor- recting errors in the Enrollment lists, to wit; ToL-EBO— First Ward— 8. W. Freeman, L. H. Pike, Geo. Platfoot. Second Ward— A. G. Clark, Charles Pratt, .John Kessler. Third WardS. H. Hitchcock, D. H. Miner, M. I. Wilcox, John H. Gherkins. Fourth Ward— .John Paul Jones, C. H. Eddy, Matthias Kess- ler. Fifth 11 ard— Mathew Shoemaker, Fred. Witker, Henry Brand. SiMh Ward~F. B. Porter, Augustus Brown. Washington To%v7iship—Sianue\ Blanchard, Joseph Chambers, Joel W. Kelsey. Sylvania— Valeg T. Clark, W. D. Moore, Isaac Thorp, J. Warren, R. C. Thompson. Richfield— C. C. Lathrop, H. C. Ely, Isaac Washburn. ^da»(ji— Harvey Kellogg, J. G. Cass, J. Reynolds, Henry Miller. Springfield— Perry Wood, C. B. Holloway, Hiram Wiltsey. Waterville— James M. Brigham, Yarnell Rakestraw, J. G. Isham. iVonclova—J. McDonald, F. J. Evans, Metzger. Sj^encer—Wm. Taylor, Jacob Surbeck. Providence — A. B. Mead, John Wilson, Frank Manor. Swanlon— Dr. W. A. Scott, James C. Wales, W. D. Herriek, B. T. Geer. il/an/i,aMa?i— Jonathan Wynn, Peter J. Shaw, Henry Martin. Oj-cgora— Sylvester Brown, James Rideout, Henry Phelps, Anthony Reihing, J. Tippen. Waynesfield and Maumee City— Geo. W. Reynolds, R. B. Mitchell, Jo.seph Hull, Jo.seph Lan- genderfer. The following exhibits the number of men due from the several Sub-Districts in Lucas County, March 1, 1865: First Ward, Toledo, . Svlvania, . . . 9 Second Ward, " . Richfield, . . . . C Third Ward, . Spencer, . . . . Fourth Ward, " .10 Waynesfield, . 1 Fifth W^ard, .12 Waterville, . . . 1 Sixth Ward, . .5 Providence, . . . 3 Oregon Township, . Washington, . . . Manhattan, . . . . 8 Swanton, . . . . Monclova, . . . . Springfield, . . . March 13, 1865, the total deficiencies of Lu- cas County anounted to only 24, to wit : F"ourth Ward, Toledo, 9; Fifth Ward, 8; Manhattan, 3; Richfield, 3; Providence, 1. This was the last showing publislied, and the account coukl not have been materially changed after that date. At that time the de- ficiencies in the other Counties of the Tenth Military Districts, were as follows : Wood, 29 ; Fulton, 42, of which 35 were in German Town- ship; Henry, 29; Putnam, 43, of which 22 were in Blanchard Townshij) ; Williams, 101 ; Defiance, 50 ; Paulding, 57. Total for the District, 375, which may justly be regarded as a very creditable showing for Northwestern Ohio. Few if any sections of the country more promptly or more fully responded to the calls of the Government for Soldiers in its defense, than did this. Two modes for promoting the raising of re- cruits for the Union Army, were adopted dur- ing the Eebellion. One was by providing individual substitutes, and the other by the co-operative efforts of loyal citizens. The lat- ter class were not limited to those liable to 112 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. military duty, but embraced also many who were exempt from such liability. Organiza- tions for such purpose were formed in the sev- eral Wards of Toledo, in December, 1864, whose chief immediate object was to raise funds for use as bounty to Volunteers. In this way, enlistments were greatly aided, with the result, that witii the other bounties paid, the City quota was kept exceptionally well com- plete. The reported operations of the several Ward Clubs, were as follows: First Ward.— The Club for this Ward was organ- ized December 28, 1864. Fred. A. Jones was the President, C. T. Wales the Secretary, and J. R. Osborn the Treasurer. The Executive Committee consisted of L. H. Pike, F. A. Jones, C. T. Wales, Wm. Baker and M. W. Day ; and the Finance Committee of T. J. Brown, H. Sam.son, Geo. Platfoot, Dennis Sullivan, Wm. Essing, John Tolman, M. Rail, R. Dunnigan, A. Rutherford, F. Licher, Joseph Wernert, and Geo. R. Rogers. The work of soliciting contributions of $2.5 and over not proving satisfactory, a meeting of subscribers to the fund was held in January, when a " Mutual Protection Society " was formed, under which the funds raised and to be raised were made available solely for the benefit of the members of the Club. Its Executive Committee consisted of Wm. Baker, F. A. Jones, C. T. Wales, L. H. Pike and Geo. Platfoot ; and its Finance and Advisory C'ommittee of M. R. Waite, C. A. King and Col. J. S. Norton. The final report of the Treasurer, made May 27, 186.5, showed the total receipts to have been $10,611.50— $7,811.50 from subscribers, and $2,800 from City bonds. The expenditures were — for 28 recruits, to fill quota, $9,680; and |273.20 for expenses; total, $9,95:5,20 ; leaving a balance of $658.30. This balance was given to the wounded Soldiers and the families of Soldiers of the Ward. Second Ward.— The Club of this Ward was formed December 28, 1864, with Clias. Pratt as President, and A. G. Clark as Secretary, and Nehemiah 'Waterman as Treasurer. The bounty fixed upon was $28 per man. This was under the call of December 9th, for .300,000 men. The Finance Committee consisted of Richard Waite(Chairman),John Sinclair, T. B. Casey, L. F. Hubbard, J. T. Southard, E. C. Smith, Henry Spielbush, Henry Williams, John Aschenbrenner, John Byer, Henry Pfefferly, Rev. Father Botf (St. Francis de Sales Church), John O'Farrell and John Gildea. The Recruiting Committee consisted of John J. Barker, A. J. Sprague, Ernest Kibbe, W. C. Cheney, Fred. B. Dodge, H. T. Cook, Geo. Tanner, W. W. Whitney, Fred. Eaton, S. B. Roshong, Fred. M. Burton, P. C. Moross, Chas. J. Burton, Robert A. Wason, James H. Maples, T. B. Casey, A. W. Colton, Ralph H. Waggoner. The final report of this Club was published February 10, 1805, showing the receipts from citizens liable to draft to have been $8,703 ; from those not so liable, $831 ; from City bonds issued as bounty, $3,000 ; and from other source, $15 ; making a total of $12,549. Of this sum, $10,620 was paid for 30 recruits to fill the Ward's quota on last 300,000 call ; $25 for former recruits ; $26 for expenses ; and $60 as discount on bonds; making $10,731, and leav- ing a balance on hand of $1,818. Third Ward. — For this Ward a Club was organized January 5, 1865, for the mutual protection of its members. Its officers were : President, H. S. Wal- bridge ; Vice President, Dr. J. G. Nolan ; Secretary, Don. A. Pease; Treasurer, James R. Strong. The Executive Committee consisted of M. I. Wilcox, R. H. Bell, Dr. J. G. Nolan, Edward Knapp and T. Wegener ; and its Finance Committee of D. H. Miner, Calvin Barker and Milo Bashare. The final meeting of the Club w^as held February 11, 1865. At that time its funds amounted to about $7,500, in contribu- tions, and $3,000 in City Bonds. Before final adjourn- ment, the Club, in strong terms tendered its thanks to D. H. Miner, for his services on the Finance Com- mittee. After all was closed up, this Club had a bal- ance of $1,500, the disposal of which is stated else- where. FouBTH Ward. — The Club in this Ward was organ- ized in November, 1864, with John Paul Jones as President, and C. M. Woodbury as Secretary. A re- port, published January 5, 1865, showed receipts to the amount of $3,485, of which $2,485 consisted of subscriptions, and $1,000 of City bonds. Included in expenditures was $3,000 for 10 recruits. Owing to backwardness of subscriptions, a Mutual Protection Club was organized jNIarch 9, ]y Ijayonet, shells and balls. Somebody's Darling was borne one day. Somebody's Darling, so young and so brave, Weariug yet iu his pale sweet face, Soon to be hid by the dust of the grave, The lingering light of his boyhood's grace. Matted and damp are the curls of gold, Kissing the snow of the fair young brow ; Pale are the lips of delicate mold- Somebody's Darling is dying now. Back from his beautiful blue-veined brow. Brush all the wandering waves of gold ; Cross his hands on his bosom now— Somebody's Darling is still and cold. Kiss him once, for Somebody's sake; Murmur a prayer both soft and low ; One bright curl from its fair mates take— They were Somebody's pride, you know. Somebody's han(;a(. No less appropriate here, will be the follow- ing ditty, sung by Uncle Sam's Colored Infan- trj-, on their joyous march into and through Petersburg and Eichmond, early on the morn- ing (April 19, 1865) following the surrender of Lee at Appomatox : Say, Darkies, hab you seen de Massa, Wid de muiTstash on his face, Go 'long the road some time dis morniu', Like he'sgoin' to leab de place? He seen de smoke way up de ribber Where de Linkum gunljoats lay : He took his hat and leab berry sudden. And I 'spose he's gone away. De Massa run, ha ! ha ! De Darkey stay, ho ! ho ! It must be now de Kingdom Comin', An' de yar ob Jubilo. He's six foot one way and four foot todder, An' he weighs six hundred poun'. His coat's so big he couldn't pay de tailor, An' it won't reach half way roun'. He drills so much dey calls him Cap'n, An' he gits so mighty tan'd. I spec he'll try to fool dem Yankees For to tiuk he's " Contraband." De Massa run. ha ! ha ! De Darkey stay, ho ! ho ! It must be now de Kingdom Comin', An' de yar ob Jubilo. The song, "John Brown's Body," first be- came known soon after the opening of the Kebellion. This came about chiefly through the singing of the medley by Union Soldiers. It received a special send-oif from the Webster Begiment, made up chiefly of the more culti- vated young men of Boston, who surprised the conservative jjeople of that City by singing it through their streets in August, 1861. As then produced, it was as follows : John Brown's body lies a-mouldering in the grave; John Brown's body lies a-mouldering in the grave : John Brown's body lies a-mouldering in the grave; His soul goes marching on ! CAOTOS— Glory Hally Hallelujah ! Glory Hally Hallelujah ! Glory Hally Hallelujah ! His soul 's marching on ! The substratum of the balance, omitting the repetition and refrain, was: He 's gone to be a soldier in the army of the Lord — John Brown's knapsack is strapped upon his back— His pet lambs they will meet him on the way— They will hang Jefl'. Davis to a sour apple tree ! Now, three rousing cheers for the Union I As we are marching on ! Cho.— Glory Hally Hallelujah ! Glory Hally Hallelujah ! Glory Hally Hallelujah ! Hip, Hip, Hip, nip, Hurrah! While it might be invidious and unjust to claim that any one State of the Union did more, in proportion to its means, than did any other State, for the defense of the Union in the hour of its sorest trial, it is deemed entirely safe to assert, that in such resfiect Ohio stands abreast the foremost of her Sisters, She did her duty, and that is all the best possibly could do. From the first signal of rebellion rung out at Charleston Hai'bor, the Buckeye State was alive with both indignation towards the trea- son and activity and earnestness fer its sujj- presaion. And the sentiment of loyalty and promptness in action which marked her course at the outset, were not the mere ebullition of the moment; but were shown throughout the four years of persistent rebellion. While prompt in response to calls for men and means for the support of the Militaiy operations of the Government, she was no less conspicuous in the maintenance of the no less essential aid of a sound public sentiment. No State did more to cheer the hearts of the Soldiers of the Union, by the assurance of an earnest sj-mj^a- thy and devoted co-operation, than did Ohio. It was claimed — with what justice cannot here be asserted — that the Foui'teenth Ohio Volun- teers, was the first Eegiment accejJted by the Government; while her force of Volunteers recruited for the three-months service, was fully one-fourth in number ot the entire call of the President. The report of the Provo.st- Marshal General, prepared after the clo.se of the War, showed, that from April, 1861, the date of the Presi- dent's first call, until December, 1864, when the last call (for oO(i,0()0 men) was made, Ohio had furnished 311,4H3 men. These were en- listed for different periods of service — fi'om 100 days to five years — but reduced to a three- years standard, they represented 237,076 men. THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— HOME WORK. 123 Under the call of May, 1864, the State furnished 84,116men, although her quota was only 67,365. Under the call of July 2, 1862, she furnished 58,325 men, when her quota called for but 36,858. The number of Colored men enlisted in the State was 5,002, and of Sailors, 1,016. Of the 317,433 Ohio Soldiers, 78,219 suffered some casualty or left the field before the expi- ration of their terms of service, as follows : Killed, 11,237; died of disease, 13,554; honor- ably discharged, 16,031 ; deserted, 12,609 (less than four per cent.); dishonorably discharged, 105 (less than one-third of one per cent.); dis- charged for disability, 21,880. Officers resigned, 4,804; officers dismissed, 157; officers cashiered, 16. The citizens of Ohio paid ?4,908,087.53 com- mutation to escape liability to draft and to avoid service when drafted. In addition to her share of $300,000,000, which it cost the General Government to obtain 2,500,000 of Soldiers, Ohio, in her State capacity, and through county and other organizations, paid $23,500,- 000. The total vote of Ohio in 1860, was 442,441. Comparing this with the number of troops furnished, it will be seen that the equiv- alent of about 75 per cent, of her voting Jiop- ulation wore in the field in defense of the Union. Including those from Ohio who enlisted in other States, it would probably be found that the number would nearly, if not quite, reach the entire voting population. During the War of the Eebellion,the readers of home papers were largely indebted to intel- ligent and observing Soldiers for rejjorts of movements in the field, so far as these could properly be given. The Toledo Blade was highly favored in that respect. Among those who, to greater or less extent, sent such corre- spondence, were the following named persons : Chaplain John Eaton, jr., 27th Ohio, as "J. E. Jr." Charles E. Bliven, as " Pen Lever." Chaplain E. B. RafFensperger, 14th Ohio, as " E. B. R." Samuel S. Read, Secretary of General J. B. Steed- man, as "Erie." Wui. A. Ewing, Battery H, 1st Ohio Light Artil- lery, as "Wanderer." Captain Reed V. Boice, 67th Ohio, as " R. V. B." Henry T. Bissell, Adjutant 111th Ohio Infantry, as " H. T. B." Ralph H. Waggoner, l.'jOth Ohio, as " Dolphus." Lieutenant Geo. M. Ballard, 67th Ohio, as "G.M.B." Captain John C. Cochran, ()7th Ohio, as "J. C. C." Chaplain Geo. A. Adams, Uth Ohio Cavalry, iis "G. A. A." Colonel J. AV. Paramore, 3d Ohio Cavalry. Major Lewis Butler, 67th Ohio. Captain James A. Chase, 14th Ohio. Dr. Robert Johnson, Assistant Surgeon lOOtli Oliio. Rev. J. Crabbe, Chaplain t)7th Ohio. ' Jonathan Wood, 14th Ohio. Colonel H. N. Howland, od Ohio Cavalry. Henry G. Burr. Martin B. Ewing, Battery Shields. Wm. H. Perigo, Battery H. Captain J. Kent Hamilton, 113th Ohio. Captain Henry G. Neubert, 14th Ohio. Rev. L. M. Albright, from Chattanooga. Dr. Charles Cochran, Volunteer Surgeon, at Pitts- burg Lauding, April, 1862. Captain Hartwell (Jsborn, o5th Ohio. The surrender of Lee's Eebel forces at Ap- pomattox, took place April 9, 1865. The next day a meeting of citizens of Toledo was held at the Board of Trade Rooms, to consult in re- gard to the manner of complying with the request of Governor Brough, for proper com- memoration of the close of the Rebellion. Harrj' Chase was the Chairman, and Chas. T. Wales of the Blade, and Stephen J. Meaney of the Commercial, were the Secretaries of the meeting. Measures were taken for such object, but ere the time arrived for the proposed ex- ercises, the assassin's hand laid President Lin- coln in death, whereby the day of rejoicing and thanksgiving was suddenly changed to one of sorrow and sadness. Accordingly, the day appointed for celebrating the great Na- tional victory in the defeat of armed Rebellion, was devoted to an extent of mourning never before known in Toledo. The Blade's report of the occasion was substantially as follows: The request of the authorities that the people of this City should observe a portion of the day in ap- propriate religious exercises, was complied with, but the time mentioned did not suffice for such an ex- pression of the public feeling as the majority deemed appropriate, and, instead of a suspension of business for four hours during the middle of the day, from morning until night the stores on Summit street were closed, and employers and employes engaged in the exercises on the street and at the different houses of worship, and afterward refrained from all worldly pursuits for the remainder of the day. From early morn until evening the City presented a most gloomy appearance. Kearly every building on Summit .street was draped in black — Hags in the City and of the shipping in the harbor floated at half- 124 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. mast, and many of them were draped in mourning, while on all the back streets, the dwellings showed that the inmates partook of the general sorrow, and in whatever direetion the eye turned there was evi- dence of universal grief. At the hour specified the ujeiiibers of the First rtegiuient National Guards assembled at the corner of Summit and Cherry streets, and each company as- sumed its appropriate place in regimental line. While this was being done, citizens were arriving at the place designated for organizing the procession, and when the military arrangements were completed, there wore several thousand on the ground awaiting assignment to places in the procession. Among these were several Fire t'ompaniesand other CivicSocieties, some of them wearing tlie regalia of the Order tii which they belonged, and all wearing crape on the left arm. Under the direction of Colonel John R. Bond, ]\Iar- shal of the Day, and his assistants, Colonels D. F. DeWolf and N. M. Howard, the procession was soon completed, and the word being given, the march commenced in the following order: Union Silver Band. Field Oflieers 1st Regiment O. N. G. First Regiment Ohio National Guards. Provost Marshal and Assistants. Mayor and Conncil. The Toledo Board of Trade. Fire Department. Wapaukonica Lodge No. o7. I. O. O. F. German Saengerbnnd. Cierman Shooting Society. Ancient Order of Druids. Father Matthew Temperance Society. Disbanded Fire Companies. Citizens. The procession marched up Summit Street to Perry, thence to St. Clair, down St. Clair to Monroe, :Monroe to Summit, and thence to Madison street, in front of the Post Office, where it was massed for the purpose of hearing addresses. The streets through which the procession ]iassed were densely crowded with men, women and children, all of whom seemed to partake of the solemnity of the occasion, for there was an en- tire absence of that frivolity and noise which usually attend large gatherings of the people. The bells were tolled between the hours of 9 and 11 a. m., and their melanchoh' tones, mingled with those of the Union Silver Band, added to the solemnity of the occasion. The various organizations, which constituted the larger part of the procession, made a fine ajipearance. The members of the First Regiment t)hio National Guard, by their martial bearing, showed that their military experience of last summer had not been for- gotten, and, both as regards numbers and display, their turnout yesterday was exceedingly creditable. The different Civic Societies were out in full nundiers. Having arrived in front of the Post Office, Mayor Dorr called the meeting to order, and Hon. J. M. Ashley, Rev. Father Edward Hannin, Capt. Charles Kent and Louis H.Pike, Esq., addressed the audience. The speaking concluded, the immense concourse united in singing " Old Hundred," the benediction was pronounced by Rev. E. B. Raffensperger, and the members of the different congregations repaired to their respective places of worship. At the Churches the deepest solemnity prevailed. In each, the altar, jnilpit and walls were drajied in black, the effect of which, combined with the mourn- ful state of the public mind, rendered the occasion the most impressive ever w itnessed in this City. The discourses in the Churches were listened to with marked attention. The subject chosen by each Cler- gyman had reference to the loss which the Nation had suilered in the death of iMr. Lincoln, and the necessity of entrusting to Him who rules among the nations of the earth for the accomplishment of His ow'n wise purposes, the guidance of our affairs, and looking to Him for the preservation of the Republic and the fulfillment of our long cherished hopes of a permanent peace. In connection with the foregoing report, the Blade of Ain-W liOtb liad the following appro- priate tablet : THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— HOME WORK. 125 Zo tbe of "Hbrabam Xincoliv I I PKESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Who died a Martyr to his Countrj', Falling under the hands of a Traitor Assassin, Oil the night of the 14th day of April, 1865, The Fourth Anniversary of the beginning of the great WAR OF REBELLION, Through which he had led the Nation to a Glorious Triumph, Just comjjleted. when the Dastardly Revenge of Vanquished Treason was wrought in his monstrous murder. Tiie Great Republic loved him As its Father, And reverenced him as the Preserver of its National Life. The oppressed People of all Lands looked up to him As the Anointed of Liberty, and liailed in him the consecrated Leader of her Cause. He struck the chains of Slavery from Four Millions Of a despised Race, and with a Noble Faith in Humanity, Raised them to the admitted dignity of Manhood. ills Wisdom, his Prudence, his Calm Temper, his Steadfast Patience, His lofty Courage and his loftier Faith, He Saved the Republic from Dissolution ; By his Simple Integrity he illustrated the neglected Princijjles Of "its Constitution, and Restored them to their just Ascendancy; all tlie Results of his Administration of its Government, He Inaugurated a New Era In the History of Mankind. The Wisdom of his Statesmanship was excelled Only hj its Virtuousness. Exercising a Power which surpassed that of Kings, He bore himself ahvaj-s as The Servant of the People, And never as its Master. Too sincere in the Sim))licity of his Nature to be affected by an elevation The Proudest among Human Dignities, He stands in the ranks of the Illustrious of all Time as The Purest Exemplar of Democracy. While Goodness is beloved. And Great Deeds are Remembered, The World will never cease to Revere The Name and Memory o P By By Hbrabam Xincoliu " If God wills that this mighty Scourge uf War continue until all the wealth piled by the Bond- man's two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn by the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be said, that tlie Judgments of ' the Lord are true and righteous altogether.' " March 4th, 1865. ABRAHAM LI^X'OLN. CHAPTER VII. THE WAR OF THE REBELLION FIELD WORK. THE compiler of this Volume is not insensi- ble to the extreme delicacy of the duty de- volved upon him in the preparation of the sec- ond branch of Lucas County's record in defense of the Union. Full justice could be done the County, only by doing full justice to every cit- izen thereof who took an active part as a Sol- dier of the Union ; and that would be imprac- ticable. Record the most complete possible would not supply the data requisite for such a work; for the reason that human testimony could not reveal the qualities of such service which, after all, most truly bear witness to the Soldier's real merits— those of the heart. The best to be done is to present the actio7i of those who " went to the front," in such just light as may be practicable, leaving the reader to judge therefi'om as to the motives which, in each case, controlled such action. The greater prominence of particular individuals, is by no means conclusive proof of either superior service or superior mei'its. The obscure pri- vate, with nothing but the " enlisting papers " to bear witness even of his presence in the Army, often is entitled to higher honors than he whose promotion was sounded through the ranks and proclaimed bj' the public press ; but proof of this fact, is denied the world, and ma}" never have been known beyond the mod- est, unpretending consciousness of the obscure hero. It was the Private Soldiers — not their commanders — who suppressed the Rebellion ; and this fact cannot be too fully recognized. It was not the giving, so much as the execu- tion of orders, that controlled results. It is to the brave men who made the charges — not those who directed them — that the country is indebted chiefly for the manj' signal ad- vantages, and the final triumph, over treason's cohorts. Hence the writer's great regret that so little can be done toward the record so eminently due to the untitled heroes of the Union Army. It is a source of satisfaction, however, that to so large extent it has been found practicable now to present the names of Lucas County's " Enlisted Men " in that patriotic force ; the only regret being, that the list cannot be made more complete. With the imperfect sources of information, it is not possible to secure the names of all ; while in some cases those shown may not be correctly given. The special reference here made to the ser- vice of the Private Soldier, cannot properly be taken as in any sense depreciation of the qualities and record of those placed in com- mand, whether from this County or elsewhere. Officers and enlisted men are alike indis- jjensable to efficient work ; and both classes in their respective spheres are entitled to credit according to the fidelity of their ac- tion. Lucas County may justly point with pride to her representatives in both. With exceptions very rare, they loyally and effi- ciently met duty, as the same was made known, and thus contributed to the good rec- ord made. It will be the purpose briefly to present the organization and service of such Regiments and Companies as were raised in or largely contributed to from this County. In doing this, the most ready and reliable source found for information, is the work of Whitelaw Reid (" Ohio in the War "), which, though published soon after the close of war, is yet recognized as the mo.st full and correct presentation yet made of the State's share in the vindication of American Nationality. The rosters given of the several Regiments and Companies, are sup- plied mainly from the records in the State Adjutant-General's office, which are as com- plete as the returns of muster-out rolls made practicable. Omissions no doubt occur, as do errors in names, which are unavoidable from the imperfect data furnished by returning offi- cers, and the repeated copying of papers. Notwithstanding these fticts, it is believed the record here given will be found serviceable in showing something of what Lucas County did for the " Union and Liberty." [126] THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. 127 POUETEENTH EBGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEEE INFANTEY. part is not yet published Tlie official list of battles in which this Eegiment bore an honorable in orders of the War Department, but the following has been prepared after careful research: IN three-months' service. ~~ ' ' ^ Philippi, W. Va. Laurel Hill, W. Va. Carrick's Ford, W. Va. June 2, 1861. June 7, 1801. June 12, 1801. IN THREE-YEARS SERVICE. Wild Cat, Ky. . Mill Springs, Ky. Shiloii, Tenn. . Corinth, Miss. (Siege of) October 21, 1801. January 19-20, 1802. April 0-7, 1802. April 30, 1802. First in order of time, and first in jh'o- portion of Lucas County recruits, stands the Fourteenth Eegiment, which was raised almost wholly in the Toledo Congressional District, and veiy largelj' in Toledo and vicinity. In less than three da.y8 from the President's call for 75,000 men, this Eegiment was read}' for the field, being, as believed, the first Eeginient accepted bj* the Government. On the 25th April, 1861, and only 12 days from the attack on Fort Sumpter, this command left Toledo for Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, for comple- tion of organization and thorough drill. Until May 18tli it was a State Eegiment, and on that day was transferred to the General Gov- ernment. May 22d, it left Camp Taylor for Columbus, where it was provided with arms, and at once left for the field, reaching Zanes- ville and Marietta on the 23d. At the latter place, it went into Camp Putnam, and re- mained there until the 27th, when it embarked for Parkersburg, Virginia, where it first set foot on Eebel soil, and without opposition. A Company was double-quicked along the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad, the bridges of which bad been fired by retreating Eebels, upon the appearance of Union troops. On the 29th the Eegiment advanced into Virginia, reaching Clarksburg on the 29th, having re- paired the Eailroad to that point, when trains were put in operation for bringing in supplies. June 2d the Eegiment took rail for the Town of Webster, whence it marched to Philippi, 13 miles, on a dark, dismal, rainy night. Ar- riving at 5 A. M., a force of 2,000 Eebel Cav- alry in camp were surprised by the cannonading of the unexpected Union troops. Owing to a mistake which deprived the movement of a co-operating force from an opjjosite direction, Hoover's Gap, Tenn. Chick AM AUG A, Ga. Mission Ridge, Tenn. Ringgold, Ga. Dalton, Ga. Resaca, Ga. . Kenesaw Mountain, Ga. Utoy Creek, Ga. . Jonesboro, Ga. . Goldsboro, N. C. . June 27, 1803. September 19-20, 1803. November 2.5, 1803. November 27, 1803. May 9, 1804. May 13-16, 1804. June 9-30, 1864. August 5-7, 1804. September 1, 1864. March 21, 1865. it was not as successful as had been hoped for. But the superior Eebel force were most thoroughly frightened, and at once, in great disorder, took to the bushes and hills for es- cape, leaving their clothing behind. A few prisoners and several wagon loads of war material were taken by the invading force. On the 3d of June, the Fourteenth, in con- nection with the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Ohio, the Sixth and Seventh Indiana, and the First Virginia Intiintrj', went into camp near the Town of Philippi ; whence expeditions were sent in diiferent directions against guerrilla bands. On these marches, the men suffered severely from excessive exhaustion and lack of essential supplies — made the more severe by their entire lack of preparation for such service. The.se expeditions seemed to amount to little, having been induced by unwar- ranted alarm and false reports in regard to Eebel movements. The Eebels under General Garnett, began to show themselves at Laurel Hill, on the 7th June, when works were thrown up at Bealing- ton to repel their attacks, which soon followed, but were promptly repulsed. On the 12th the Eebels suddenly retreated, when the Union force moved out, the Fourteenth Ohio in the lead, and took possession of a Eebel fort, and rap- idlj^ advanced in jjursuit. So severely were the Eebels pushed, that they left baggage and supplies of every kind on the waj^. At Car- rick's Ford they were overtaken, and com- pelled to make a stand. The advance guard of the Fourteenth first reached them, when a shower of balls from the bluff above and oppo- site the stream, met the advance. The Four- teenth promptly responded in an effective volley, and in 20 minutes, and just as the first 128 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Eegiraent of the main column of the Union force came up for action, the enemy gave way in confusion, throwing away whatever could impede their retreat. Among the fruits of this occasion, were 30 baggage wagons, well- laden, three stands of colors and 250 prisoners taken from the Kebels. The next day the Eegiment started for Philippi, where it ar- rived on the 15th July, on the way fording six streams, swollen by heavy rains. As a sample of the experience to which the Fourteenth was then subjected, it may be stated, that on Friday noon, June 14th, the Kegiment was ordered from Philippi toBuck- hannon, 20 miles distant, over one of the worst roads in the State, At Buckhannon they cooked breakfast, and rested for two hours only, when they were ordered back to Phil- ippi, and left at 11 a. m. Saturday, getting into camp at that place at 2 A. M. Sunday. Saturday was an intensely hot day, and so prostrated were the men, tliat the moment thev were within camp they dropped on the ground and were soon all asleep. During their return trip thej' had no food, save a single cracker apiece. And all this, because a fleeing young Kebel had written from Bev- erly to his girl in Grafton, that Gen Wise was in Beverly at the head of 9,000 Virginia troops. The girl showed the letter to Col. Der- raont, of an Indiana Regiment, who thereupon gave the order for the march referred to. At Laurel Hill the Fourteenth remained in camp until July 22d, when its term of en- listment having expired, it returned to Ohio. On the way, it was the object of much atten- tion, including many expressions of kindness. At Toledo, where the Eegiment arrived on the 25th, a meeting of citizens had made arrange- ments for a fitting reception ; but such was the throng in attendance and the excitement of the occasion, that the programme provided could be but partially carried out. The Eegi- ment was received with every manifestation of pride and joy. Not the people of Toledo only, but many persons from other localities represented in that command were present. The loss of the Eegiment in service con- sisted of the following: In battle, two — Frank Gero and Samuel Mills. Accidentally killed, two— Captain Andrew Crawford and Lieuten- ant J. D. Belknap. The circum.stances of Captain Crawford's death were very painful. While as oflScer of the day, making the guard rounds one dark night, passing through a dense thicket he came suddenly upon a soldier on duty as picket guard, who, greatly frightened bv such sudden appearance, at once fired at the Captain, killing him instantly. The de- ceased was from Napoleon, Henry County, where he practiced law, and was much es- teemed. Immediately upon the return of the Eegi- ment, measures were taken for the enlistment for three years of such of its members as saw fit to " veteranize," and on the 25th Septem- ber it again left for the field, via Cincinnati. The day before its departure, a picnic was held at Camp Oliver, out Cherr^y Street, when 5,000 to 6,000 people were on the ground, the Soldiers' tables being abundantly supplied by the ladies of Toledo. Crossing the Ohio to Cov- ington, Ky., it took cars for Lexington and Frankfort. On the way the train was as- saulted with stones, which broke windows and injured a few of the men. Two of the offend- ers were arrested, one of which in passing along the streets of Frankfort as prisoner, drew a large knife across his throat, which did not pi-ove fatal. The incident shows something of the spirit of disloyalty then in the South. From Frankfort the Eegiment moved by cars to Nicholasville, where three weeks were spent in drill. The next stop- ping place was Camp Dick Eobiuson, which was reached October 2d. At this point, it is said a Eegiment of loyal East Tennesseeans arrived, but to do so, the men were compelled to crawl on all-fours through the Eebel lines. With these were Andrew Johnson, United States Senator, and Horace Maynard, Con- gressman, from Tennessee, on their way to Washington. The former of these spent some time as a guest of the Fourteenth. While the Eegiment was at Camp Dick Eobinson, word came that a Union force at or near Wild Cat, a desolate locality some 00 miles to the Southward, were surrounded by Eebels. With Barnet's First Ohio Artil- lery, the Fourteenth started for that point, on forced march, through mud and rain, ar- riving at 9 A. M. October 21st. Approaching thej^ heard the sound of artillery and mus- ketry, when amid great excitement they rushed to the point of attack. It was found that five Companies of the Thirtj- Third In- TEE WAR OF THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. 129 diana, on a wild knoll, were almost surrounded by Eebels. Under covei* of a brisk fire by Barnet's Battery two Companies of the Four- teenth, with shovels and picks, crawled through the bushes over a ravine, to the knob which they soon fortified so effectual!}', that the enemy abandoned the siege, and retreated toward London, Ky., leaving about 30 of liill- ed and wounded. The Union forces pursued the Eebels, who were commanded by General ZoUicotfer, a prominent politician of Kentucky, to a point near London, where the Union ti'oops went into camp for two weeks, when they proceeded to Lebanon, via Crab Orchard and Lebanon, and there went into winter quarters. December 31st the Camp at Lebanon was broken up and the march resumed, taking the route toward Somerset or Mill SjDrings. Zol- licoffer's force was met at Logan's Cross-Eoads and defeated, in which action but one Company (C, Captain J. W. Brown of Toledo) partici- pated. The Union troops pursued the Eebels, and drove them into their fortifications at Mill Springs. The night of January 19th was spent in cannonading the enemy's works, pre- paratory to the assault whicli followed early the next morning, whereby the Eebels were overwhelmed, with the loss of one Eegiment captured, 20 pieces of Artillery, and their en- tire camp equipage. The main body of tlie enemy escaped across the Cumberland Eiver, burning their Steamer as they left. The Four- teenth led the assault on the Eebel works, and was the first to enter ; as it also led in the pursuit of the flying enemy. This movement was among the most important, as it was among the most brilliant of the War to that period ; and as such it did much toward bring- ing the Fourteenth Ohio into honorable recog- nition. The Union forces remained at Mill Springs till February 11th ; when, with five days' rations, the line of march was resumed for Louisville, where they arrived on the 26th. Thence, with 20,000 other troops, it left by steamer for Nashville, which was reached March 4th. Here they remained until the 20th, the meantime being employed in build- ing fortifications, and perfecting the drill of the men. At the date named, with General Buell as Commander, they left for the relief of Grant at Pittsburg Landing, where they arrived April 7th. A portion of the com- mand participated in the desperate fight which turned the tide against the enemy; but the Fourteenth was not there in time to take part in the battle, much to the disappoint- ment of officers and men. The Eegiment started on the niglit of the 12th April on an expedition to Chickasaw Landing, near which five bridges were de- stroyed, amid severe skirmishes, whereby the enemy failed of expected re-enforcements. Thence the Eegiment returned by steamer to Pittsburg Landing. On board was General W. T. Sherman, who publicly thanked the men for the service they had rendered. Ee- joining its Brigade, the Fourteenth consti- tuted a jjortion of the large command under General Buell, on its march to Corinth. The only death in the Eegiment during the siege, was that of Frank Callern, Fifer, of heart disease. June 23, 1862, the Fourteenth, with other troops, was sent to luka, Mississippi, whence it marched to Tuscumbia, Alabama. After the performance of different kinds of service in that vicinity, it took the line of march toward Nashville, Tennessee. On the way, and near Waynesburg, Tennessee, General Eobert L. McCook was murdered by guer- rillas. September 7th Nashville was reached. On the 14th marching orders for Bowling Green, Kentucky, were received, the ob- ject being the pursuit of Bragg's Eebel com- mand, then moving on Louisville, which point was reached on the 26th. On this march the Fourteenth was under command of Major Paul Edwards, Colonel Steedman having been assigned to General E. L. McCook's late com- mand, and Lieutenant Colonel Este being absent on furlough. This march, owing to exti'eme heat and dry and dusty roads, was vei'y severe on the men. October 1, 1862, General Buell's Arm}- left Louisville, in pursuit of Bragg, the Four- teenth being in the advance. Bardstown was reached on the 3d. On the 0th the Brigade was detailed as headquarters and ammunition train-guard, and they were permitted to take part in the battle of Perryville on that day. Continuing the pursuit of Bragg, Buell marched through Danville and Crab Or- chard, where the movement was abandoned, and the forces turned their faces toward no HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Nashville. At Gallatin the Brigade, em- bracing the Fourteenth, went into winter quarters November 15th. While there the Regiment was repeatedly detailed for scout- ing duty against guerrilla (John Morgan's) Cavalry, with which several skirmishes were had, involving the loss of some men. Morgan was badly whipped at EoUing Fork, whereby a raid on Louisville was believed to have been prevented. January 13, 1863, the Regi- ment left Gallatin and arrived at Louisville the 15th. On the 17th the Regiment marched for Murfreesboro, as guard to an ammunition train, and returned to Lavergne, where the Brigade was engaged in fortifying against the enemy. June 3, 1863, the Fourteenth and Brigade left Lavergne for Triune, Tennessee, as a portion of General Eosecrans' advance on Tullahoma and Chattanooga. Twenty days were consumed at Triune in rigid drill, while awaiting the arrival of necessary supplies. Hoover's Gap Avas reached on the night of June 26th, where the Brigade participated in a brisk engagement, losing 30 men in killed and wounded. On the 28th the vicinity of Tul- lahoma was reached. That night Captain Neubert's picket detail of the Fourteenth drove in the enemj^'s line of pickets, whereby he was enabled to get so near the Town as to discover that the enemy were evacuating the place, which information led to the advance of the Union force early the next morning. Elk River was crossed with great difficulty, that stream being quite deep, with a swift current, causing the drowning of several men. The command reached Sequatchie Valley, near Sweden Cove, August 18th. On the 31st the Army crossed the Tennessee River by means of rafts, pontoons not being at hand. On the 19th the enemy were discovered in force on Chickamauga Creek, when the Fourteenth, under Lieutenant Colonel Kings- bury, was immediately deployed in line of battle, and were in hot and close contest with the enemy from 9 a. m. until 4 P. m., when, being relieved it replenished its ammunition and again entered the fight, which was con- tinued until sundown. All this with the men badly exhausted by the arduous march they had just made, but they were ready and cheerful in duty, despite such untoward con- dition. The following morning at 9 o'clock, the Regiment had a desperate encounter with a portion of Longstreet's Rebel Division. In consequence of a gap in General Thomas's line, the whole Union force was compelled to fall back to avoid severe defeat. It stopped at Rossville. September 21, 1863, the Fourteenth with its Brigade and Division, was all day in line of battle, but were again forced to fall back near to Chattanooga, the enemy closely fol- lowinir. The Regiment went into battle with 499 men, of which it lost 233 killed, wounded and missing — 14 enlisted men being captured by the enemy. Of 14 officers in the engage- ment eight were severely wounded, including Captains Albert Moore, Company A ; H. W. Bigelow, Company I ; Dan Pomeroy, Com- pany D; W. B. Pugh, Company H ; J. J. Clarke, Company C ; and Lieutenant James E. McBride, Company F. Colonel Croxton, of Tenth Kentucky, commanding the Brigade, was severely wounded. During the ensuing beleaguerment at Chat- tanooga, a detail of 100 men of the Fourteenth, under Captain Neubert, was sent to Steven- son, Alabama, to procure rations, cro.ssing the rugged mountains for such pui'pose. The force set out on a march of 11 days with but one day's rations. The service was very se- vere, and after subsisting on j^arched corn, leaving more than half their wagons and 20 dead mules on the road, the detail reached Stevenson. Ten of the 60 wagons with which they started out, were loaded with " hard- tack," and the return journey commenced. November 9th, and at the end of 25 days' absence, the detail reached Chattanooga, where its precious supplies were gladly wel- comed by their famished comrades. The Fourteenth bore a gallant part in the memorable assault on Mission Ridge, charging a Rebel Batterj' of three guns, under personal direction of General Hardee, losing 16 killed, 91 wounded, and three missing. The Union forces started November 26, 1863, in pursuit of the Rebel Army toward Ringgold, where the enemy made a stand. General Hooker's forces, being in advance, made a charge on the Rebels, but were re- pulsed. The Fourteenth Corps then came up and forming in line of battle, chai'ged the Rebel position ; but the enemy had fled toward Buzzard's Roost. The Fourteenth Ohio on THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. 131 I the 29th November, returned to Chattanooga, where it was reviewed by General Grant December 1, 1863. The Three- Years' enlistment of the Four- teenth having expired, all but 30 eligible men of the Eegiment re-enlisted for a second like term on the 17th December, 1803. Christmas- day was spent most actively in mustering in the men, and by hard work the rolls were completed that night. The Eegiment left for Bridgeport on the 31st December, where it took cars for Nashville, arriving there Janu- ary 2, 1864. This trip was made during the extraordinarily sudden and extreme change in the temperature on the night of the Slst De- cember, which, though most severe at the North, was not there near as distressing as at the South, and especially with the soldiers un- provided with requisite clothing. On the trip to Nashville the feet of several colored ser- vants belonging to the Eegiment were so badly frozen as to require amputation. From Nashville the Fourteenth, by cars, went to Louisville, and thence by boat to Cin- cinnati, arriving there January 4th. From that city it came to Toledo, arriving there January 5th. It was met at the Eailway depot by a large concourse of citizens, and wel- comed home in a speech by M. E. Waite, Esq., when they marched down Summit street to Adams, whence they returned to the Island House for dinner. The field officers at that time were: George P. Este, Colonel; H. D. King.sbury, Lieutenant-Colonel ; J. W. Wil- son, Major; Joseph B. Newton, Adjutant; Dr. George E. Sloat, Surgeon ; Dr. Charles A. Ames, Assistant Surgeon ; John W. Beecher, Quartermaster; Quartermaster's Sergeant, A. J. Morse; Commissary Sergeant, David Bow- ker; Musicians, Nathaniel G. Pierce and Henry Weitzel. The Eegiment left 110 wounded and 38 sick in hospital at Chat- tanooga, Nashville, Louisville and Cin- cinnati. Sixty-six members did not re-enlist ; out of these 24 were rejected, largely from disabilities arising from wounds. Every wounded man having an opportunity, re- enlisted. The ofiScers and privates of the Fourteenth Ohio in December, 1864, contributed the sum of $210 for the benefit of the family of Private Peter W. Disbrow, Co. C, of that Eegiment, who was killed in the trenches near Atlanta, August 7th. Captain H. G. Neubert for- warded the amount to the widow. At the expiration of its 30-days' furlough, the Fourteenth left Toledo (February 6, 1864) for Cleveland, and there went into camp, remaining about a week, when it started for Cincinnati and the field, reaching Nash- ville February 23d, and Chattanooga the 29th. March 5th the Eegiment moved to Einggold, where it had severe duty — the construction of corduroy roads, pickets, outposts, etc., between that place and Chattanooga. May 9th, with its Brigade, it moved on Dalton, driving the enemy's videttes to the vicinity of Tunnel Hill, where the enemy in force was encoun- tered. Here began the protracted and ex- hausting march of the Union forces for At- lanta, in which the Fourteenth bore its full share of fatigue and privation, as well as of frequent and severe skirmishing. It lost heav- ily in both oificers and men. At Atlanta the Eegiment lest 20 men in killed and wounded. August 26, 1864, commenced a flanking movement in the direction of Jonesboro, which reached the Atlanta and Western Eail- road, five miles from that point, on the 31st, where 200 prisoners were captured. The next day the Third Division of the Fourteenth Army Corps, in which was brigaded the Four- teenth, continued the advance, destroying the railroad track as it progressed. At 4.30 p. m. the Third Division (General Baird in command) confronted the enemy's works about Jones- boro. Third Brigade, in command of Colonel Este, of the Fourteenth Ohio, was drawn up iu immediate rear of a regular Brigade of General Carlin's Division, which had just made an unsuccessful charge on the Eebel works in the edge of the woods on the opposite side of a large cornfield. Colonel Este's Brigade (em- bracing the Fourteenth and Thirty-Eighth Ohio, Tenth Kentucky and Seventy-Fourth In- diana) was read J- for action, when its com- mander gave the order, " Battalions forward ! Guide center I " General Baii-d at the same time waving his hand for the " forward." Amid an intense shower of rebel balls the lines moved forward. Soon a batterj' of grape and cannister opened, but the Brigade did not he.sitate. The edge of the timber was gained, when, amid cheers and yells, the charge was made, the enemy's works gained, and a hand- to-hand conflict ensued. The Eebel force (of 132 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. General Pat (Ucburne's Division) contested the ground inch by inch, and surrendered only after many had been killed in the desperate tight. The Fourteenth took as many prisoners as its own force numbered, together with a battery of four guns, several stands of colors and two lines of trenches full of men. This substantial success was not won except at heavy cost. The Third Brigade lo.st one-third of its number. In the ranks of the Four- teenth Ohio were 100 brave men whose terra of enlistment had expired, but who willingly volunteered for the desperate struggle in which some of them gave up their lives for their country. Stronger or nobler proof of patriot- ism or heroism could not be furnished. The names of men capable of such patriotic devo- tion should not be forgotten. The Third Brigade did not join in the pur- suit of the enemy from Jonesboro. The Four- teenth Ohio followed in pursuit of Hood's troops, on their advance into Tennessee, as far as Rome, Ga., when, the chase being aban- doned, the Brigade returned to Kingston, Ga., on the 6th November. Joining Gen. Sher- man's forces at Atlanta, the Regiment partici- pated in the " March to the Sea," and through the Carolinas to Goldsboro and Raleigh. At Raleigh was promulgated to the Union forces the glorious news of the surrender of Lee and the Rebel Army near Eichmond, as- suring the collapse of the Rebellion. Soon came like tidings of General Johnston. Noth- ing more being left of field service, the Four- teenth and its heroic associates started for Washington, where it joined the Grand Armies of the Union in the review before the Presi- dent and his Cabinet. June 15, 1865, the Fourteenth Ohio left Washington by rail for Parkersburg, Va., ar- riving there the 18th. Thence by boats it proceeded to Louisville, Ky., where it was in camp until July 11th, when, having been mus- tered out, it left for home, reaching Cleveland, Ohio, July 14, 1865. At Cleveland the Eegiment was received with special manifestations of enthusia.sm. Arriving at the Park, a welcoming address was delivered in behalf of the citizens by Eev. Dr. Goodrich, of the First Presbyterian Church, in the course of which the eloquent sjjeaker said : We bless the day which has brought you home. The country now needs just such citizens as you have been soldiers. We know your .services, how in the very dawn of the conflict you won an honorable name, and in the first campaign in West Virginia struck blows which forever after kept back from our own borders the invading hosts. We remember Carrick's Ford, where the day was won by a single charge of the Fourteenth Ohio, and we know the long course of toil and conflict and vic- tory in which you have borne your part with the bravest, and whose record is on your banners. And we remember that it was because you thus stood in the brunt of battle that we have dwelt in undis- turbed security, and possess all these liberties un- touched. We have lain down in peace and slept be- cause you were resting only on your arms, or pacing the weary round of the sentinel. We have gathered in these sanctuaries on the Sabbath and enjoyed the consolations of a Christian worship, because you, knowing no day of rest, have marched or fought or waited the assault, a« the God of Hosts appointed to you. All these peaceful industries have been ours ; these schools, these courts of law, unbroken in their course of usefulness, because you stood a serried rampart between us and anarchy. This has been your glorious work, and for it all we give )'ou this day our public tribute of gratitude. In old Rome, when peril came to the Commonwealth, the resort was always to a Dictator. One man, the strongest and ablest, was found, and to him it was given solemnly in charge that the Republic should receive no detriment. But we are not saved by one man. Our hope in the great emergency did not, would not, turn to any single soul, however great. It was to you we looked to save the Nation. To you, the volunteers of our Army, who .stood forth, the laud over, to defend the country, to all of you we gave the Republic in keeping. And your work is done — a greater work than you or we yet know. Genera- tions must pass before the true history of this war can l)e written, or the worth of your labor reckoned up. In the name of your fellow-citizens, I thank you and bid you welcome. As a llinister of Religion, I thank you for your defense of Christian justice, and your maintenance of Christian institutions. God be with you evermore. God bless you all. The Regiment was paid off at Cleveland and disbanded, a largo portion of its members i-eaching Toledo July 2l8t. Although no for- mal demonstration was made on the occasion, the veterans were received amid warm ex- pressions of admiration and thanksgiving by their families and citizens generally. THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. 133 ROSTER THREE MONTHS' SERVICE. FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. James B. Steedman, George P. Este, Paul Edwards, Edwin D. Bradley, . Henry D. Kingsbury, Marshall Davis, James McDemiller, Israel A. Coons, Waldo C. Daniels, Colonel. . Lieut.-Colonel. Major. Adjutant. (Quartermaster. t^uartermaster Sergeant. Principal Musician. Surgeon. Surgeon's Mate. COMPANY A. S. Backus Moe, Captain ; Wilbur F. Stopford, Lieut.; Frank N. Marion, Ensign ; Newton J. Doolittle, 1st Sergeant; Jas. H. Boggis, 2d Sergeant; Josiah W. White, 3d Sergeant ; Robt. F. Just, -itli Sergeant ; Ed- mond Paine, 1st Corporal ; Henry Roenier, 2d Corpo- ral ; Alpheus R. Rogers, 3d Corporal ; Benj. F. Card, 4th Corporal ; Samuel H. Anderson, Drummer; Ar- thur L. Callard, Fiter. COMPANY B. Louis Von Blessingh, Captain; Jolin A. ('base, 1st Lieutenant; Wm. Schultz, 2d Lieutenant; Louis Koeppei, 1st Sergeant; Henr)' Seignier, 2d Sergeant; Phillip Breidt, 3d Sergeant; Ithamer Smith, 4th Ser- geant; Solon Haughton, 1st Corporal ; Caspar Peters, 2d Corporal ; Anton Kraft, 3d Corporal ; Frank M. Fleck, 4th Corporal ; Gottfried Milverstedt, Drum- mer : Henry J. Hermance, Fifer. COMPANY c. Benjamin H. Fisher, Captain; Edwin . I. Evans, 1st Lieutenant; Edgar M. Deucher, 2d Lieutenant; Charles Greenwood, 1st Sergeant ; James H. Queen, 2d Sergeant ; Henry Reichelderfer, 3d Sergeant ; Jas. H. Long, 4th Sergeant ; Samuel Hausey, 1st Corporal; Benjamin F. Conrad, 2d Corporal ; Charles Mallory, 3d Corporal ; Henry Marshall, 4th Corporal; John W. Bowlin, Fifer. COMPANY D. Sidney I. Sprague, Captain; William Irving, 1st Lieutenant ; Charles Kahlo, 2d Lieutenant ; Ransom P. Osborn, 1st Sergeant ; WMlliam N. Rogers, 2d Sergeant; David A. Gleason, 3d Sergeant; Elijah Karnes, 4th Sergeant; Demetrous L. Bell, 1st Corpo- ral; Amiel Peachin, 2d Corporal; Jeremiah Hall, 3d Corporal; Lewis Cohlman, 4th Corporal; Christian M. Graham, Drummer; John W. Wilson, Fifer. COMPANY E. Amon C. Bradley, Captain ; David S. Talerdy, 1st Lieutenant; Orrin G. Dough ton, 2d Lieutenant; Henry Rust, 1st Sergeant; Sanders M. Huyck, 2d Sergeant ; Oscar Mott, 3d Sergeant ; Samuel Donald- son, 4th Sergeant ; John Rogers. 1st Corporal ; An- drew W. Grice, 2d Corporal ; Aquilla Coonrad, 3d Corporal ; James L. Ashcrof, 4th Corporal; Israel E. Kintigh, Drummer; Daniel Uidenour, Fifer. COMPANY F. Enoch Mann, Captain ; Samuel Poraeroy, Lieu- tenant ; Lay W. Richardson, 1st Sergeant; Samuel Homan, 2d Sergeant ; David H. Perrin, 3d Sergeant ; Washington W. Bowen, 4th Sergeant; Benjamin S. Pender, 1st Corporal ; Thaddeus Lemmert, 2d Corpo- ral ; Remus Howard, 3d Corporal ; William Brownell, 4th Corporal; George D. Steedman, Drummer; William S. Pdtts, Fifer. COMPANY C. John S. Snook, Captain; Alfred M. Russel, 1st Lieutenant; John Crosson, 2d Lieutenant; Patrick H. Mooney, 1st Sergeant; Dennison S. Hughs, 2d Sergeant ; Elijah Luvart, 3d Sergeant ; William C. Haukins, 4th Sergeant; Samuel G. Robinson, 1st Corporal ; Joseph S. S. Champion, 2d Corporal ; Henry B. Ferguson, 3d Corporal ; David Ankney, 4th Corporal ; William Cuddy, Drummer. COMPANY H. Ephras L. Barber, Captain ; Thomas I\I. Ward, 1st Lieut.; Reason A. Franks, 2d Lieut.; Hiram Mc- Clutchie, 1st Sergeant ; Jacob Bartlett, 2d Sergeant ; Erastus W. Briggs, 3d Sergeant; Enmiet Losure, 4th Sergeant ; Worling R. Leggett, 1st Corporal ; Albert R. Stranahan, 2d Corporal ; Emanuel B. Cantlebury, 3d Corporal ; Samuel Hartley, 4th Corporal ; Ithamer Culbertson, Drummer; John B. ]\Iikesell, Fifer. COMPANY I. Caleb Dodd, Captain ; Dennis C. Lehan, 1st Lieut.; James Marston, 2d Lieut.; Reuben Hall, 1st Sergeant; Paris H. Pray, 2<1 Sergeant ; James H. Cooper, 3d Sergeant ; Sedgwick Rathljurn, 4th Sergeant ; Alfred R. Hill, 1st Corporal ; Joseph Hain, 2d Corporal ; John Reston, 3d Corporal ; James Carroll, 4th Cor- poral ; Charles N. Brewster, Drum ^lajor ; Joseph Hutchinson, Filer. COMPANY K. George W. Kirk, Captain ; John F. Wallace, 1st Lieut.; Samuel Sherman, 2d Lieut.; William Griffin, 1st Sergeant ; Franklin Warner, 2d Sergeant ; Edward S. Dodd, 3d Sergeant ; George W. Harding, 1st Cor- poral; Augustus Shaminfell, 2d Corporal; Ebenezer Tillottson, 3d Corporal ; Julius Hipel, 4th Corporal ; Andrew Marshall, Drummer ; Walter P.. Kirk, Fifer. Key to Abbreviations.— jldj/.— Adjutant. A. Q. if.— Acting Quartermaster. .4s.— Assigned. A. Swr^.— Assistant Surgeon. Briff. —Brigadier. Co.— Company, or County. CT/.— Certificate. Col. — Colonel. Corp. or Cp!.— Corporal. Capt. — Captain. Chap.— Chaplain. Cap —Captured. Cfti'cit.- Battle of Chickamaugn. />.— Died. Disc —Discharged. />jsa.— Disabled, or Disability. Exp. term — Expiration of term of service. Frajik. — Battle of Franklin. Hos. — Hospital. Jones. — Battle of Jonesboro. A' — Killed. L^ or Lieut. — Lieutenant. M. 0.— Mustered out. M. 0. Cu. — Mustered out with company. if«s.— Musician. A'as/i. — Battle of Nashville. Pro.- Promoted. Pi'te.— Private. Q. Jf.— Quartermaster. E. Q. if.— Regimental Quartermaster. E. to JJ.— Reduced to ranks. Surg. — Surgeon. Sgt. or Serg(.— Sergeant. IV. or Traw.— Transferred. Fc(.— Veteran. 134 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. ROSTER THREE YEARS' SERVICE. Names, Kdiik. James B. Steedman Colonel. I 43 lieorfie P. Este ! " 31 Paul Kihvanls Lt. t'ol. 38 Henry l>. Kingsbury " 42 Albert Moore John W. Wilson. Waldo ('. Daniels George E. Sloat E. King Na.'ih Charlfs D. .Vnies Charles .M. Eaton Thomas J. Cronise . Edwin B. Raffensperger. Horatio L. Sargent Seth B. Moe Joseph B. Newton Andrew J. Morse . John E. Teal Major. Surgeon. Asst. Surg. Chaplain. Adjutant. Daniel H. Nye. John Dixon __ . Ezra B. Kirk ._ William T. Bennett _ Marshall Davis Charles B. Mitchell . Jesse Thrapp Livingston E. Beaidsley. Horace M. Parmelee Saunders M. Huyck George W. Westerman._ Smith Cadwalader William A. Tanner James Bloom Chauncey M. Reynolds. David K. Bowker Isaac J. Bogart William P. Elwell R. Q. M. Sergt. Maj. Q. M. S. Elijah W. Greene James B. Smith Warren S. Johnson Stephen H. Anderson. Henry Wetzell Andrew Jackson Com. Ser. Nathaniel G. Pierce... Christian Milverstedt . James D. McMiller Isaac Lamb Hos. St'd. Prin. Mus. Leader. Musician. 33 27 20 37 34 30 18 34 40 31 20 25 22 24 21 27 35 30 21 19 50 18 22 33 22 35 39 Bate o_f Entering the Service. Remarks. Aug. 16, 1861 Aug. 16, 1861 Aug. 16, 1861 Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 16, 1861 Aug. 21, 1861 Aug. 16, 1861 Sept. 9, 18(;i April 10,1863 Dec. 30, 1862 Aug. 21, 1862 Julv 30, 1864 Sept. 17, 1861 Mav 28, 18(i4 Aug. 21,1861 Aug. 21, 1861 Aug. 28, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Aug. 21, 1861 Aug. 25, 1861 Aug. 15, 1861 Aug. 21, 1861 Aug. 21, 1861 Sept. 5, 1S()1 Sept. 5, 1861 Aug. 18, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Nov. 1, 1861 Aug. 28, 1861 Sept. 4, 1861 Aug. 26, 1861 Aug. 21, 1861 Sept. 6, 1861 Sept. 4, 1861 Aug. 25, 1861 Aug. 25, 1861 Aug. 25, 1861 Aug. 17, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Mar. 1, 1862 Aug. 26, 1861 Aug. 26, 1861 Sept. 1, 1861 Sept. 12, 1861 Sept. 12, 1861 Promoted to Brig. -General July 16, 1862. Pro. from Lt.-Col. July, 1862 o. Julv, 1865. Pro. from Major July 17, '62 ; res. Nov. '62. Pro. from Capt. co. A to Maj. Julv, '62; Lt.-Col. Dec. '62; m. o. Nov. '64. Pro. from Capt. Co. A to Lt.-Col. Nov. '64; m. o. July, '65. Pro. from Capt. Co. E Jan. '63 ; died Oct. '64, "from wds. Jonesboro. Resigned Nov. 7, 1862. Pro. from Asst.-Surg. Nov. '62 ; m. o. Nov. '63. Pro. from Asst.-Surg. Nov. '64 ; m. o. Regt. July, '65. Pro. to Surgeon 60th 0. V. I. May 1, 1864. Resigned March 4, 1863. Mustered out with regiment Julv 11, 1865. Resigned Feb. 24, 1863. Mustered out with regiment July 11, 1865. Pro. to Capt. and A. A. G. of Vol. Aug. '62. Pro. to Sgt.-Maj. from Corp. Co. A, Feb. '62; pro. to 2d Lt. as. to Co. B, Nov. '62 ; 1st Lt. as. to Co. H, Feb. '63; ap. Adjt. Aug. '63; pro. to Capt. as. to Co. A, Nov. '64. Pro. Q. M. Sergt. from private Co. F, Dec. '63; to 1st Lt. Nov. '64, Co. I ; Adjt. Jan. '65 ; as. Co. G, May, '65. Pro. Sgt.-Maj. from 1st Sgt. Co. I, Feb. '(i3; pro. 1st Lt. Apr.'65, as. Co. G; Adjt. May,'(i5; ni.o. Regt. July, '65. Assigned to Co. K April 1, 1862. Pro. from 2d Lt. Co. K, Apr. '62 ; res. Dec. '62. As. from Co. C, Dec. '62 ; pro. Capt. and Asst. Q. M. Feb. 1864. Ap. Act. R. Q. M. from 2d Lt. Co. E, June, '64 ; pro. 1st Lt. Co. B, Nov. '64 ; Regt. (.}. M. May, '65 ; trans. from Co. B ; m. o. Regt. Julv, '65. Pro. 2d I.ieut. Sept. '61 ; as. Co. E. Pro. from Sergt. Co. I, Jan. '63; 2d Lt. ('o. E, Mav, '64. Pro. from 1st Sergt. Co. I, July, '64; 1st Lieut. Co. 1, Jan. '64 ; vet. Pro. from Sergt. Co. A, May, '65 ; m. o. Regt. '65 ; vet. Red. ranks, and trans, to Co. A, Nov. '61. Red. to ranks, trans, to Co. I, March, '62. Pro. from private Co. F, ]\Iar. '62 ; dis. Feb. '63, Surg. ctf. disab. Pro. from Sergt. Co. D, Dec. '63 ; dis. Jan. '65, ctf. disab.; vet. Pro. from Sergt. Co. G, Feb. '65; m. o. Regt. Julv, '65; vet. Pro. from private Co. A, Sept. '61 ; dis. Apr. '62, Surg. ctf. disab. Pro. from private Co. A, May, '62 : ctf. disab. Pro. from private Co. D, Dec. '63 ; '64; vet. Pro. from private Co. K, Dec. '64 ; Apr. '65 ; vet. Pro. from 1st Sergt. Co. K, Apr. '65 ; m. o. Regt. July, '65 ; vet. Discharged June, '62, on Surg. ctf. disab. Pro. Sergt. Co. A, July,'62; died June 23,'63, Nashville. Pro. from private Co. E, Dec. '63 ; m. o. Regt. July, '65 ; vet. Assigned to Co. H, Oct. 1, 1862. Pro. from private Co. H, June, '63 ; dis. JIar. '65. Pro. from mus. Co. G, May, '65 ; m. o. Regt. Julv, '65; vet. Pro. from n\us. Co. G, Mav, '65 ; m. o. Regt. July, '65; vet. M. o. Sept. '62, Bowling Green, Ky.; ord. W. Dept. M. o. Sept. '62, Bowling Green, Ky.; ord. W. Dept. M. o. Sept. '62, Bowling Green, Ky.; ord. W. Dept. July, Surg. , dis. June, '63, Surg. 1st Lt. Co. B, Nov. red. ranks Co. K, THE WAR OF THE REBELLION- FIELD WORK. 135 Names. Alexander Miller Nicholas Bink John Altraper Josejih Williams John W. Hannon Adolph Rapp Bernard Stum Leonard Long Samuel Sidlinger Jolm Allen Daniel Keefer Charles Myers John Sidlinger George W. Harving... Godfrey Milverstedt _. Francis A. Rockwood . u iJan.it, ^ Musician. 30 " 27 (( 29 (( 19 u 36 (( 19 " 18 *' 18 " 18 a 31 (1 38 (( 30 " 39 (( 33 (( 35 (( 37 Date of Entering the Service. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Oct. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. 12, 1861 12,1861 12, 1861 12, 1801 5, 1861 12, 1861 12,1861 12,1861 12, 1801 Remarks. 12, 1861 iM. 12,1861 12, 1S61 ] M. 12, 1801 1 M. 12, 1861 'M. 12, 1861 ' M. 12,1861 M. o. Sept. o. Sept. o. Sept. o. Sept. o. Sept. o. Sept. o. Sept. o. Sept. o. Sept, o. Apr. o. Apr. o. Sept. o. Sept. o. Sept. o. Sept. o. Apr. '62, '62, '62, '65, '()2, '62, '62, '62, '62, '62, '02, '02, '02, 'ti2, '62, '62, Bowling Green, Ky. Bowling Green, Ky, Bowling Green, K)', Bowling Green, Ky. Bowling Green, Ky, Bowling Green, Ky. Bowling Green, Ky. Bowling Green, Ky. Bowling Green, Ky. Lebanon, Ky,; Surg, Lebanon, Ky.; Surg, Bowling Green, Ky. Bowling Green, Ky Bowling Green, Ky. Bowling Green, Ky. Lebanon, Ky.; Surg. ; ord. W. Dept. ; ord. Vt'. Dejit. ; ord. W. Dept. ; ord. W. Dept. ; ord. W. Dept. ; ord. W. Dept. ; ord. W. Dept. ; ord. W. Dept. ; ord. W. Dept. ctf. disab. etf. disab. ; ord. W. Dei)t. ; ord. W. Dept. ; ord. W. Dept. ; ord. W. Dept. ctf. disab. COMPANY A. Henry D. Kingsbury. Albert Moore Joseph B. Newton .__ Marshal Davis Alonzo H. Wood Rank. Captain. 1st Lieut. William B. Pugh Frank Fleck Nathaniel 0. Cobb Harrison Wood Gains B. Hanford Francis O. Wyman Thomas Scott Orlando C. Geer George R. Pennell Samuel Emery James Moore James B. Smith John Gillman Thomas W. Gilbert Arthur I). Tarbox James N. Ferine Livingston E. Beardsley Thomas Glenn John H, Pugh Ignatius Warner George Bennette Albert Osborn William Hughes Joseph E. Warner William Rutherford .lulius C. Bennette George Dodds John Owen Avery, John G Anderson, William Alcorn, William H Bond, William Brown, George W Bogle, Francis Barr, Robert W Barlow, Jonathan Beecher, John W Brichfield, Eli Bloom, James Burnes, AVilliam 2d Lieut. 1 st Sergt. Sergeant. Cbrporal. Private. 42 33 23 25 20 25 32 26 30 22 22 20 21 21 35 21 39 31 21 25 30 21 19 21 19 24 23 23 19 28 40 29 20 19 27 19 18 18 18 18 41 33 24 50 Bate of Entering tfie Service. Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 18,1861 Aug. 21, 1861 Aug. 20, 1861 Aug. 17,1801 Aug. 20,1 8lil Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 17,1861 Sept. 3,1861 Aug. 19, 1861 Aug. 21,1861 Aug. 19, 1861 Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 28, 1861 Aug. 21, 1861 Aug. 17, 1801 Aug. 17, 1861 Sept. 4, 1801 Aug. 19, 1861 Aug. 22, 1861 Aug. 18, 1861 Aug. 17,1861 Aug. 18, 1861 Aug. 18, 1861 Aug. 25, 1864 Jan. 25,1864 Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 21,1861 Sept. 8, 1861 Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 20, 1861 Aug. 22, 1861 Jan. 19, 1864 Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 17, 1861 Feb. 10, 1804 Feb. 6, 1864 Sept. 8, 1861 Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 21,1861 Aug. 21, 1861 Aug. 21,1801 Aug. 21, 1801 Aug. 21,1861 Ermarki.. Pro. to Major, July, 1802. Pro. 1st Lieut. Aug. '02 ; Lieut.-Col. Nov. 18, 1864. Pro. Sergt.-Maj. from Corp. Feb. '62 ; to Adjt. Nov. '04 ; m. o. Co. July, '65 ; vet. From Co. E, March, "'62 ; pro. Capt. Co. E, Nov. '04. 1st Sergt. from Corp.; to 1st Lieut. Apr. '65 ; m. o. Co.; vet. Pro. to Captain Co. I, Nov. 1.S62. Pro. from Sergt. Co. H, Aug. 1S()2; res. Sept. 1S64. Pro. 2d Lieut. Co. I, Oct. '02. Ap. from Sergt.; pro. 1st Lt. Co. H.; veteran. Ap. Corp.; Sgt. June, '(14; IstSgt. Dec. '(54; m.o.Co.; vet. Ap. from Corp. Sept. '64; m. o. Co.; veteran. Ap. from Corp. Dec. '04 ; m. o. Co.; vet. Ap. from Corp. May, '05 ; m. o. Co.; vet. Ap. from Corp. June, '05 ; m. o. Co.; vet. Disc. Aug. '62 ; Surg. ctf. disability. Ap. from Corp.; disc. Dec. '62, on Surg. ctf. di.'fab. Pro. Hospital Steward, July, '62. Ap. from Corp.; killed at Chiekamauga, Sept. 19, '63. Mus. as private; ap. Sgt.; wd. C'hickamauga; d. Oct.'63. Mus. as private ; ap. Sgt.; k. at Jonesboro, Sept. 64. Died Sept. 2, 1864, wounds received at Jonesboro. Mus. private ; ap. Sgt.; pro. Sgt.-Maj. May, '65 ; vet. Ap. Corp. Nov. '62 ; m. b. Co. July, '65 ; veteran. Ap. Corp. Sept. '04 ; m. o. Co. July, '05 ; veteran. Ap. Corp. Sept. 1804 ; m. o. Co. July, '05; veteran. Ap. Corp. Sept. 1865 ; m. o. Co. July, '65 ; veteran. Ap. Corp. Oct. 1864 ; m. o. Co. July, 1865. Ap. Corp. Dec. 1864; m. o. Co. July, 1865; veteran. Ap. Corp. May, 1865 ; m. o. Co. July, 1865 ; veteran. Ap. Corp. June, 1805 ; m. o. Co. July, 1865 ; veteran. Disc. March, 1862, Surgeon's certificate, disability. Ap. Corp.; discharged Sept. 20, 1864. Killed at Chiekamauga, September, 1863. Mustered out with Company. Killed at Chiekamauga, September 19, 1863. Reduced from C'orporal ; disc. Sept. 1864, at .-Vtlanta. Mustered out with Company. ^Mustered out with Company. Disc. Aug. 1862, Cincinnati, Surg. ctf. disability. Discharged at Nashville, Surgeon's certificate disab. Promoted 2d Lieutenant, Jan. 1803, C'ompany C. Cap. Chiekamauga, Sept.'03; d. Andersonville, Sep. '64. Promoted Com. Sergeant, Sept. 7, 1861. Wd. at Chiekamauga ; disc. Jan. '65, Surg. ctf. disab. 136 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Names. Bank. Barnes, William Harm-s, Frederick C— I'.oner, Fraiuis \V r.urclilielil, Aaron H_. Barr, Amos Hames, AVilliain Cook, Luther II t'lark, John Clark, Henry H Collins, Oavid Canklin, Isaac Cobb, .lolm K Carman. Eli Carter, ,Iohn Cottin, Admiral B Cornelius, John Coalwell, William Dryer, George H D'8hana\vay, Lafayette F D'Shanaway, John Donavin, Richard Davis, Abram Davis, Andrew J Eldridge, John E Frusher, James Frisbee, John C Felt, James S Glenn, Andrew Glemon, Martin Ciilbert, Uriah Gates, John Hathaway, William W.- Hull, Ira Humes, Cornelius Uarbauer, Jacob Hapins, Charles W Hines, Thomas How, Adam Heuch, Charles H Hepl), John Harper, Benjamin James, Ephraim Jones, Francis L Jolly, Jared June, Reuben A Jones, Charles H Knai)p, Wilson B Kingsbury, Orison V Kleinsory, William Kennedy, William Lanagan, Thomas Leach, David Lafleur, Antone Lathrop, Elislia D Lewis, William M Lane, Thomas Landburg, Andrew i Lendberger, George W.- Laird, F. A Long, John E JloVetta, Thomas McMillin, Henry P Moore, Peter ^IcHenry, Charles Moran, Patrick ilurk, Anthony ;\Iallette, John Merrill, Levin M Miller, Ludwig Xye, Henry T Kills, Henry Parmelee, Horace M Private. 22 19 25 19 21 19 26 28 28 27 26 29 33 23 23 18 18 18 IS 18 45 29 19 20 21 20 18 25 18 18 19 40 45 25 23 18 21 16 19 22 35 26 18 20 36 18 42 21 18 30 19 19 23 19 23 26 22 40 21 23 29 25 41 18 33 25 18 19 3(i 21 18 9.7 Dale of Entcrinp the Service. Feb. 1,1864 Aug. 21, 1861 Aug. 18, 1861 Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 17. 1801 Feb. 1, 1864 Sept. 25, 1861 Sept. 14,1863 Feb. 13, 1864 F'eb. IS, 1S64 Aug. 17,1861 Aug. 17,1801 Aug. 20, 1861 Aug. 18, 1861 Aug. 21,1861 Aug. 17, 1861 Jan. 11, 1864 Jan. 12, 1864 Jan. 21, 1864 Jan. 18, 1864 Mar. 5, 1864 Aug. 18, 1861 Aug. 18, 1861 Aug. 18,1861 Aug. 18, 1861 Aug. 17, 1861 Jan. 25, 1864 Aug. 17,1861 Aug. 26, 1861 Sept. 4, 1861 Aug. 20, 1861 Sept. 30,1864 Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 17, 1861 June 12, 1864 Sept. 27, 1864 Sept. 24, 1864 Sept. 27, 1864 Aug. 21, 1861 Sept. 29, 1864 Aug. 19, 1861 Sept. 26, 1864 Sept. 5, 1861 Aug. 21,1861 Jan. 19, 1864 Sept. 4, 1861 Oct. 12, 1861 Sept. 24, 1864 Sept. 26, 1864 Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 19, 1861 Aug. 21, 1861 Aug. 20, 1801 Sept. 27, 1864 Sept. 27, 1864 Sept. 27, 1864 Sept.27, 1,S64 Nov. 18, 1864 Sept. 27, 1864 Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 22, 1861 Jan. 11, 1864 Jan. 30, 1864 Jan. 8, 1864 Sept. 29, 1864 Aug. 22, 1861 Sept. 26, 1864 July 27, 1861 Aug. 22, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Hemarks. Discharged Dec. 29, 1864, at Columbus, Ohio. Wounded Chickamauga; in hospital ; discharged. Missing at Chickamauga. No further record. Died May 16, 1862, near St. Louis, Missouri. Died Nov. 28, 1861, at Lexington, Kentucky. Discharged Sept. 1864, Surgeon's certificate disability. Mustered out with Company ; veteran. Discharged June 17, 1865, at Camp Chase, Ohio. Mustered out with Company, July 11, 1865. Captured at Raleigh, S. C. April, 1865 ; m. o. Co. Reduced from Corporal ; discharged April, 1862. Discharged Oct. 1862, Nashville, Surgeon's ctf. disab. Discharged Oct. 1862, Nashville, Surgeon's ctf. disab. Discharged Sept. 13, 1864, at Atlanta, Georgia. Red. from Cpl.; wd. Atlanta, June,'63; dise.Apr.'65; vet. Discharged Sept. 13, 1864, at Atlanta, Ga. Discharged June, 1865, Cleveland, O., Surg. ctf. disab. Mustered out with Company. Mustered out with Company. Clustered out with Company. ^Mustered out with Company. Trans. 1st Vet. Vol. Engineers, Sept. 1864 ; veteran. jTrans. 1st Vet. Vol. Engineers, Sept. 1864; veteran. JDischarged Feb. 20, 1863, Surg, certificate disab. jMustered out with Company. Mustered out with Company. [Mustered out with Company. Captured at Chickamauga ; disc. April 7, 1865; veteran. 'Wounded at Resaca, May, 1864; veteran. Wd. at Chickamauga and Jonesboro ; d. Sept. 64 ; vet. Mustered out with C'ompany ; veteran. Discharged July 4, 1865, at Columbus, Ohio. Red. from Cpl.; dis. Dec. '62, Surg. ctf. disa. Disc. May, '63, Lavergne, Tenn., Surg, certificate. ' Captured Chickamauga ; no further record. Mustered oat with company. Mustered out with company. Mustei-ed out with company. Mustered out with company. KilletTbattle Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Disc. June, 1865, order of War Department. Wd. Chickamauga ; no further record. Disc. June, 1865, order of War Department. Wd. Mission Ridge, Nov. '63; disc. Sept. '64, Surg. ctf. Mustered out with company ; veteran. Mustered out with company. Disc. March, '62, on Surgeon's certificate. Disc. June, '62, on Surgeon's certificate. Absent sick; m. o. July '65. Discharged June 13, 1865, at Louisville, Ky. Died Dec. 26, 1862, at Lebanon, Ky. Died Dec. 1, 1861, at Lexington, Ky. Died Nov. 25, ISfil, at Lexington, Ky. Mustered out with coiupan}- ; veteran. Mustered out June, 1865, order War Department. Mustered out June, 1865, order War Department. Mustered out June, 1865, order War Department. Mustered out June, 1865, order War Department. Mustered out June, 1865, order War Department. Mustered out June, 1865, order War Department. Disc. March, 1862, at Louisville, Ky., Surg. ctf. Disc. May, 1863, Lavergne, Tenn., Surg. ctf. Disc. Oct. 1862, Columbus, O., Surg. ctf. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Died May 21, '64, from wds. at Resaca. Discharged Juue, I860, order War Department. Disc. April, 1862, Shiloh, Tenn., Surg. ctf. Wounded at Chickamauga; m. o. Co. Red. fromQ. M.Sgt. Nov.'61; disc. Aug.'62,Columbus,0. THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. 137 Na7n€£. Sank. Perry, Ezra Phillips, Aaron Pellon, Eli Pelky, John Pelky, Lewis Pfanner, Jacob Robinette, Narcissus Reynolds, Chauncey M_- Railton, George W Sbutts, Albert A Stone, Homer B Sifer, Abraham F Seager, Francis M Stricklin, Nathan Spangler, John E iStautzenberger, William . Sondeet, Joseph Steffus, Mathias 8egur, William O Sinting, John Seeron, Henry .Siedke, Augustus Southwiek, Charles Thomas, Jerome B Wilder, Albert V Wood, Jonathan Waldron, Henry L Wood, Samuel T Walbridge, Charles H WiUiaius, Cyrus M VVilhams, Joseph K Wilkinson, Edwin R Warner, Zophar Warner, Levi S Warren, Alfred N AVeller, John A Wilkinson, Albert S Wood, Francis V Zeigen, John Private. 29 29 25 ;i2 19 18 45 18 19 3() 39 24 19 23 21 20 18 18 IS 19 18 31 23 18 23 ()2 20 20 30 IS 21 19 19 18 IS 18 18 18 21 Dale of Entering ilie Service. Sept. 6, Aug. 17, Aug. 17, Jan. 12, Jan. 12, Feb. 13, Aug. 21, Sept. 6, Feb. 12, Aug. 17, Aug. 17, Aug. 17, Feb. 22, Aug. 28, Jan. 25, Feb. 11, Jan. 22, Aug. 21, Jan. 12, Sept. 26, Sept. 26, Mch. 10, Nov. 22, Aug. 19, Oct. 12, Sept. 5, Aug. 17, Aug. 19, Aug. 17, Aug. 17, Aug. 19, Aug. 21, Oct. 18, Oct. 18, Jan. 25, Feb. 25, Aug. 19, Jan. 14, Aug. 18, 1861 1861 1861 1864 1864 1864 1861 1861 1S62 1861 1861 1861 1S62 1861 1864 1864 1864 1861 1864 1S64 1864 1862 1863 1861 1861 1861 1861 1861 1861 1861 1861 1861 1861 1861 1864 1864 1861 1864 1861 Hemarks. Disc. March 1863, Louisville, Ky., Surg, certificate. M. o. Sept. '64, Atlanta, exp. term service. Mustered out June, 1865, at Louisville, Ky. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Disc. May, 1862, Shiloh, Tenn., Surgeon's certificate. Pro. Com. Sergeant May 2, 1862. Discharged May IS, 1865, at Columbus, O. Di.sc. June, 1862, Columbus, Surgeon's certificate. Discharged Sept. 13, 1864, at Atlanta, Ga. Died July 29, 1862, at Pulaski, Tenn. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company ; veteran. Mustered out witli company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company ; veteran. Died Sept. 24, 1864, wounds at Jone.sboro. Disc. May 29, 1865, order War Department. Disc. June 3, 1865, order War Department. Disc. Feb. 26, 1863, on Surgeon's certificate. Trans, to 1st Vet. Vol. Engineers Sept. 1864. Red. from Cpl.; det. Q. M. Sept. '64; m. o. Co.; vet. Disc. May. 1863, Manchester, Tenn., Surg, certificate. Trans, from co. I, Nov. '62; disc. Jan. '64; Surg. ctf. Cap. Chick.; died Oct. 16, '64, Andersonville. Cap. Chick.; esc. March 2, '64; wd. Jonesboro; m. o. Sept. '65 ; veteran. Mustered out Atlanta, Sept. 1 3, '64. Died Oct. 6, '63, of wds. at Chickamauga. Died Dec. 12, 1863, at Chattanooga, Tenn. Mustered out witli company ; veteran. Mustered out with company ; veteran. Mustered out with company ; veteran. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Died Jan. 5, 1864, at Chattanooga, Tenn. Disc. June, 1865, order War Department. Cap. Chick.; died Danville Prison, Jan. 12, '64. COMPANY B. iVam^s. George W. Kirk Henry G. Neubert Edward S. Dodd David K. Bowker James B. Rutledge William T. Bennett Henry A. Valentine Joseph B. Newton Isaac L. Van Meter Ebenezer C. Tillotson Walter B. Kirk Albert Burroughs Horace Culver James N. Cooley John Cahoo John Klein Joseph Perry Josiah T. Walker Augustus C. May Peter Emery Rayik. Captain. (C 1st Lieut. 2d Lieut. li 1st Sergt. (( Sergeant. (( (( (( It Corporal. Date of Entering the Service. 43 20 20 22 35 20 21 23 22 31 19 24 26 20 20 23 28 26 19 18 Aug. Aug. Aug. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. 15, 1861 14, 1861 28, 1861 4, 1861 12, 1861 21, 1861 1, 1861 18, 1861 2.5,1861 15, 1861 18, 1861 18, 1S61 18, 1861 IS, 1861 18, 1861 18, 1861 18, 1861 18, 1861 18, 1S61 18, 1861 Remarks. M. o. Sept. '64, Atlanta, exp. term service. As. from Co. K, Jan. '65; m. o. Co.; vet. Assigned to Company F, February 18, 1863. Pro. from Com. Sgt. Nov. '64, Capt. Co. C, Apr. 1S65. Pro. from 2d Lt. Nov. '61; res. Sept. '63. Pro. from 2d Lt. Nov. '64; ap. R. Q. U. May, 1S65. Pro. from 1st Sgt. Co. H, Nov. 1864; m. o. Co. Pro. from Sgt.-Maj. Nov. '62, to 1st Lt. Co. H, Feb. '63. Pro. from 1st Sgt. Co. K, Feb. '63; m. o. Co.; veteran. Transferred to Company K, June Ki, 1862. Pro. to 2d Lieutenant Co. H, November, 1862. Pro. to 1st Lieutenant Company C, January, 1865. Appointed from ."Sergeant, June, ISiio; m. o. Company. Appointeil from Corjioral, Dec. 1863; m. o. Co.; vet. Apijointed from Cdrporal, May, 1864; ra. o. Co.; vet. Appointed from tJorjioral, January, 1865; m. o. Co.; vet. Ap. from Cpl. Jlay, 1864; on det. duty; m. o. Co.; vet. Died December, 1863, wounds Mission Kidge. Ap. Cpl. Dec. 1863; pris. war 3 m.; m. o. Co.; vet. Ap. Cpl. Dec. 1863; m. o. Co.; veteran. 138 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Namei. Michael Gates Tboinas Kay Henry McGrau Martin Culver Freilerick McKllight — Lewis Srlianipaign Heed Wetuuire Daniel Craig Charles E. Davis Albert H. Huntley Franeis M. Perry Cliristopher Jacobs WarlieM, Henry C Ainl, Andrew Acker, William H Bryan, George W Bryan, Dennis Bivans, George F Burk, Jesse Born, Jacob Beeler, Rudolph Baker, Emanuel Bowles, Thomas Conger, Horace Carrol, John Cotter, John Cochran, Clement Clark, Willis E Callard, Arthur L Cluckey, John Coulton, Joseph Cowles, Gay lord Culver, Newton Coulton, William Conner, Cornelius Cooper, Reuben Chrisley, George W Craudall, Caleb Drewior, Noah L Davis, C'harles Dudley, Joseph Dellinghausey, Edward Durall, John Dailev, John Da^-is■, William H Emerling, William A_ _ Eaton, Nathaniel Easlin, Mathias Estell, Chauncey Flanagan, Arthur Fritz, John. Gillis, William H Gleason, Matthew W . Gates, Adam Harrison, John W Harrison, John Helmy, Cornelius Harris, Amos Harris, Edward Jordan, Patrick Kastack, Frank Kelley, Gustain Lyons, Martin ._ LaFontaine, Oliver Lee, David Lue, Conrad Laughlin, William J Miller, Frederick Miller, Levi ]\IcPhillips, James Murphy, James McMahon, James Rank. Corporal. Date of ETitering the Sermcc. Wagoner. Private. 20 29 21 21 18 23 49 33 19 27 23 20 18 32 19 29 18 IS 22 18 34 22 20 18 43 39 19 24 24 36 34 37 27 21 23 2() 18 20 21 25 25 19 IS 18 35 44 24 18 18 29 23 19 18 18 44 20 19 21 28 19 18 21 22 33 42 IS 32 27 23 20 35 Aug. May Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Jan. Jan. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Aug. Sept. I Aug. ISept. 1 Aug. I Aug. Sei)t. Feb. I Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Feb. Feb. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Feb. Aug. Aug. Aug. Feb. Feb. Sept. Sept. Feb. Sept. Aug. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. 1861 1861 1861 1861 1861 1861 1861 1861 1861 1861 1861 1861] 1861 1 18611 lS64i 1861, 18611 1864; 1861 1864: 1864 1864 1864 1861 1861 186^ 1861 1861 1861 1861 1861. 1861! 1861 1861 1 lS6l' 1864 1864' 1864' 1861! 1861 1861 1864, 1864 1861 1861 1861, 1801 1864 1864 1861 18641 1861 1861 ! 1864 1861 1861 1861 1864 isr.4 1864 1861 1864 1861, 1861 1861' 1864 lS(i4 1,S61 1861 1861 1861' 1861, Appointed Corporal, Mar. 1, 1864; m. o. Co.; veteran. Appointed Corporal, November, 1864; m. o. Co.; vet. Appointed Corporal, November, l.s64; m. o. Co.; vet. Appointed Corporal, November, 1804; m. o. Co.; vet. Appointed Corporal, November, 1864; m. o. Co.; vet. Appointed Corporal, November, 1864; m. o. Co.; vet. Ap. Cpl. Sept. 1861; d. hospital, Nashville, Mar. 1863. Ap. Cpl.; disc. Apr. 1863, Surgeon's certificate. Ap. Cpl.; died Aug. 1864, wds. Kingston, May, '64; vet. Died October, 1864, Nashville; veteran. Died Oct. 6, 1864, wounds at Jonesboro; veteran. Died September 6, 1864, wounds at Jonesboro; veteran. Mustered out witli Company; veteran. Discharged February, 18(i3, Surgeon's certificate. Discharged June 3, 1865, at Washington, D. C. Mustered out with Company; veteran. Mustered out with Company. Mustered out w'ith Company. Red. from Corporal; disc. July, 1863, on Surgeon's ctf. Discharged June 3, 1865, at Washington, D. C. Discharged June 3, 186o,'_at Washington, D. C. Discharged June 3, 1865, at AVashington, D. C. Discharged May 20, 1865, at Newbern, N. C. Clustered out with Company. Mustered out with Company; veteran. Mustered out with Company. Reduced from Corporal; disc. Sept. 1864, Atlanta. Reduced from Corporal; disc. Sept. 1864, Atlanta. Died April 20, 1862, at Shiloh, Tennessee. Died December 6, 1861, at Lexington, Kentucky. Discharged September 18, 1862, Surgeon's certificate. Discharged April 27, 1862, Surgeon's certificate. Discharged August 18, 1863, Surgeon's ctf. disability. Discharged Dec. 4, 1863, Surgeon's certificate. Discharged June, 186.5, Surgeon's certificate; veteran. Discliarged June 29, 1865, order AN'ar Department. Discharged June 3, 1865, at Washington, D. C. Discharged June 3, 1865, at Washington, D. C. Wounded at Mission Ridge, Nov. 1863; m. o. Co.; vet. Died Nov. 7, 1861, in hospital, at London, Kentucky. Died Jlarch 26, 1862, at Lexington, Kentucky. Discharged June 3, 1865, at W^ashington, D. C. Discharged June 3, 1865, at Washington, D. C. Transferred Reserve Corps, ^larch, I860; veteran. Killed August 8, 1864, near Atlanta; \-eteran. Discharged September 12, 1864, at Atlanta, Ga. Discharged July 20, 1863, on Surgeon's certificate. Discharged April 13, 18(i4, on Surgeon's certificate. Mustered out with Company. Discharged September 22, 1864. Discharged June 3, 1865, at Washington, D. C. Discharged January 20, 1863, on Surgeon's certificate. Mustered out with Company. Died February 20, 1864, at Cincinnati, Ohio. Discharged April 18, 1862, on Surgeon's certificate. Transferred to N'eteran Reserve Corps, Sept. 1, 1863. Mustered out with Company. Mustered out with Company. Discharged June 3, 1865, at Washington, D. C. Discharged Sept. 22, 1864, at Atlanta, Surgeon's ctf. Died June 29, 1864, in hospital at New Albany, Ind. Discharged Sept. 12, 1864, at Atlanta, Gia. Dis. Aug. 4, 1862, Surgeon's certificate. Dis. Aug. 4, 1862, Surgeon's certificate. Dis. June 3, 1865, at Washington, D. C. Died March, 1865, near Catawl>a River, S. C. Discharged Sept. 22, 1864, exp. term of service. Discharged Sept. 22, 1864, exp. term of service. Discharged Sept. 22, 1864, exp. term of ser^•ice. Discharged Sept. 22, 1864, exp. term of service. Discharged Sept. 12, 1864, exp. term of service. THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. 139 Names. Moon, Thomas McKay, Joseph Miller, Sylvester Mark, John Marsh, Lewis Miller, Charles Monger, Frank Miller, Martin Miller, Jacob Mullinix, Solomon Milikee, Patrick Moon, John W Munchler, Alonzo Merrill, Charles M Mack, Jacob H Noonan, Timothy Paddock, Miner Porter, William H Phelan, John Price, C'liarles Papman, Charles R Phelps, Charles A Quintine, Arthur Reagan, Peter Robedeaux, Robert R. Reed, Franklin Rogers, Alpheus R Rowan, William Roberts, George W Regan, James Schaler, Charles Sunkers, Jacob Smith, Leander W Sheppard, William Tillott, George D Topliff, Charles A Tuttle, (Jrlando Thom, AVebster Trafler, Nicholas Thornton, Charles W__ Tugo, Nelson Winn, Francis Wilson, Lewis E Williams, Geo. W Wilson, Robert Wetmore, Nicholas H. Walcott, Albert Webei-, Charles W Wagoner, John Wyatt, Albert Bank. Private. 18 37 25 20 66 21 28 40 24 20 26 32 28 18 18 19 34 19 31 29 19 23 29 18 22 24 22 21 24 18 36 26 18 23 18 20 21 23 22 20 19 22 IS 45 34 26 19 IS 19 18 Date of Entering tlie Service. Feb. Jan. Aug. Aug. Sept. Aug. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Aug. Jan. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Oct. Feb. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Sept, Aug. Jan. Sept, Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Sept. Aug. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Aug. Feb. Feb. Feb. Jieinarks. 18, 1S64 2, 1864 22, 1861 21,1861 7, 1861 20,1861 23, 1861 26, 1864 24, 1864 26, 1864 30,1861 28,1861 28, 1861 12, 1864 28, 1864 23, 1861 26, 1861 6, 1861 2.3, 1861 14,1861 24, 1861 27, 1862 3, 1864 , 1, 1861 , 18, 1861 19, 1.S61 15, 1861 , 1, 1861 25, 1861 21, 1864 . 1, 1861 , 8, 1861 ,21,1861 , 22, 1861 ,1.5, 1S61 , 28, 1S61 , 28, 1861 1, 1861 24,1861 21,1861 18, 1861 21, 1861 23, 1861 20, 18(il 27, 1861 15,1861 21, 1861 20, 1864 14, 1864 24, 1864 Killed June 3, 1864, at Atlanta, Ga. Transferred to U. S. Navv April 27, 1864. Killed in battle of Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863. Died Feb. 23, 1863, at Nashville, Tenn. Discharged April 15, 1862, on Surgeon's certificate. Discharged Nov. 29, 1863, on Surgeon's certifiate. Discharged Dec. 15, 1863, on Surgeon's certificate. Discharged June 3, 1865, at Washington, D. C. Discharged June 3, 1865, at Washington, D. C. Discharged June 3, 1865, at Washington, D. C. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865; veteran. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865; veteran. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865; veteran. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Died May 12, 1865, at Newbern, N. C. Discharged Sept. 22, 1864, at Atlanta, Ga. Discharged Sept. 12, 1864, at Atlanta, Ga. Killed in battle of Mission Ridge, Tenn., Nov. 25, 1863. Discharged June 16, 1862, on Surgeon's certificate. Transferred to 4th U. S. Battery Dec. 4, 1862. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Discharged June 10, 1865, by order War Department. Discharged Sept. 12, 1864, at Atlanta, Ga. Discharged Sept. 12, 1864, at Atlanta, Ga. Discharged Sept. 13, 1862, on Surgeon's certificate. Discharged Oct. 7, 1862, on Surgeon's certificate. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865; veteran. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865; veteran. Mustered out with comjiany July 11, 1865; veteran. Dicharged Feb. 19, 1863, on Surgeon's certificate. Discharged April 23, 1863, on Surgeon's certificate. Transferred to 4th U. S. Battery Dec. 4, 1862. Discharged Sept. 12, 1864, expiration of term of service. Red. from CorpL; dis. Sept. 1864, exp. term of service. Discharged Sept. 22, 1864. expiration of term of service. Wounded at ilissiou Ridge; disc. Sept. 18()4. Surg. ctf. Discharged Sept. 12, 18(i4, by order War Department. Red. from Corpl.; disc. June, 1862, on Surg, certificate. Discharged July 16, 1862, on Surgeon's certificate. Killed in battle of Mission Ridge, Tenn., Nov. 25, 1863. Died March 2, 1862, at Louisville, Ky. Discharged Aug. 4, 1862, on Surgeon's certificate. Discharged Dec. 20. 1862, on Surgeon's certificate. Transferred to 4th U. S. Battery Dec. 4, 1862. Discharged June 21, 1865, by order War Department. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. COMPANY C. Navietf. Hank. ^ ■^ Date nf Entering the Service. Remarks. Jacob W. Brown .Toll n J. Clark David K. Bowker Ezra B. Kirk William B. Steedman___ Henry G. Neubert Albert Burroughs John M. Hamilton John W. Beecher Henry W. Bigelow Henry F. Morgan Captain. 1st Lieut. (( 2d Lieut. Ist Sergt. 37 29 22 21 28 20 24 26 33 23 20 Aug. 15, 1861 Aug. 28, 1861 Sept. 4, 1861 Aug. 15,1861 Sept. 4, 1861 Aug. 14, 1861 Aug. 18, 1861 Aug. 15,1861 Aug. 21, 1861 Aug. 15, 1861 Sept. 2, 1861 Resigned Oct. 29, 1862. Pro. from 1st Lieut. Co. F, Nov., 1862; m. o. Mar., 1865. Pro. from 1st Lieut. Co. B, April, 1865; m. o. with Co. Appointed Regimental (J. M. Dec. 19, 1862. Pro. from 2d Lt. Co. D, Dec, 1862; as. to E, June, 1863. Pro. 2d Lt. Aug. 1862; 1st Lt. Jan. 1863; Capt. K, Nov.'64. Pro. from 1st Sergt. Co. B, Jan. 1865; m. o. with Co. Resigned Sept. 15, 1862. Pro. from private, Co. A, Jan. 1863; res. Aug. 1864. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Co. T, March 13, 1862. Mus. as private; ap. 1st Sergt.; killed at Jone.sboro; vet. 140 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Names. Charles E. Wilcox Micluiel M. Goulden Geoigc (.'. Clmnli Williuin n. KandiUl tiilbi'i-t Applftrate William Lariiiiug ratrick O'Ueily William Krall John KcUey Andrew J. IMorse Francis Brunhoofer George R. Morris John O'Conner Andrew J. Martin James W. Stout David Finkinbrinder Abram^Ieer Valentine Weil Emanuel Summerlott -_. Henry Ralph Leeman 8traus Hiram Palmer Lyman S. Hall IMicliael Lutz Andrew Weigle Alfred Isabel Eli Shauteen Robert H. Church Anderson, Thomas Anderson, James Albinson, John Blumberg, Joseph Brennaman, Harrison. Benner, William Benner, Eli Britly, John Barnes, George R Brennan, James Butler, Edward Barton, James P Barrette, Michael Butler, William H Burwell, James But'er, Anthony J Consine, Moses Cargette, Jacob Cuddy, William Carney, John Conger, Daniel Cook, John Clark, Smith Cole, George W Carney, Samuel Campbell, Whitney I DeShetler, Hubbell.,.. Doran, John Dobbon, John P Doyle, Michael Dibble, Horace M Disbrow, Peter W Derling, Alfred J Eskin, John Enfleld, Jacob . Enfield, Philip. ^.I^H"; Fritch, Joseph Finney, William H .__ Fry, John J Fox, Lawson Foley, Thomas Gallagher, Alonson J . Gossman, Earnest C ._ Gorsuch, Jonathan Rank. 1st Sergt. Sergeant. Corporal. Wagoner. Private. 20 29 19 20 IS 19 IS 18 19 29 25 23 18 19 18 44 22 37 24 20 32 32 19 IS 20 23 35 23 40 28 31 23 21 26 18 38 IS 23 19 IS 29 18 19 24 IS 19 20 IS 39 19 30 IS 21 21 28 19 2G 42 18 37 37 28 23 20 22 IS 34 24 24 IS 45 19 Date of Entering the Service. Aug. 17, 1861 Sept. IS, 1861 Aug. 17,1861 Aug. 17, 1S61 Sept. 3, 1861 Sept. 2, 1861 Sept. 10,1861 Sept. 2,1861 Sept. 2,1861 Aug. 15,1861 Aug. 15, 1861 Aug. 24, 1861 Aug. 26, 1861 Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 24, 1861 Feb. 15, 1864 Feb. 22, 1862 Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 15, 1861 Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 24, 1861 Aug. 17, 1S61 Aug. 24, 1861 Sept. 21, 1861 ;Vug. 19,1861 Aug. 24, 1861 Sept. 2, 1861 Aug. 17, 1861 Sept. 2, 1861 Jan. 5, 1864 Aug. 21, 1861 Aug. 15, 1861 Aug. 17, 1861 Nov. 1, 1S62 Feb. 12, 1864 Sept. 27, 1864 Sept. 26, 1864 Sept. 26, 1864 Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 21, 1861 Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 17, 186! Sept. 2, 1861 Sept. 12, 1864 Sept. 2, 1861 Sept. 12, 1864 Sept. 28, 1864 Aug. 17, 1861 Aug. 17, 1861 Sei)t. 2, 1861 Sept. 17, 1861 Nov. 4, 1862 Jan. 14, 1864 Sept. 27, 1864 Aug. 17, 1861 Sept. 2, 1861 Aug. 19, 1861 Aug. 17, 1861 Sept. 27, 1864 Sept. 10, 1861 Sept. 10, 1861 Sept. 26,1864 Sept. 28, 1864 Aug. 10, 1861 Aug. 27, 1861 Nov. 10, 1862 Sept. 2,1861 Jan. 29, 1864 Sept. 29, 1864 Remarks. Mus. as private; ap. 1st. Sergt. Sept. '64; m. o. Co.; vet. Ap. from Corp.; on duty Hd. Qtrs.; m. o. with Co.; vet. Ap. from Corp.; cap. at Chick.; died Andr'ville, Aug.'64. Mus. as private; ap. Sergt. Dec. '63; m. o. with Co.; vet. Ap. from Corpl. Sept. 1S()4; m. o. with Co.; veteran. Ap. from Corpl. Sept. 1864; ni. o. with Co.; veteran. Ap. from Corpl. June, 1865; m. o. with Co. July, '65; vet. Mus. as private; discharged June, 1865; veteran. Ap. from Corpl. June, 1865; discharged June, 1865; vet. Promoted to Q- M. Sergt. Feb. 1863. Killed at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Absent Sept. 19, 1863, for wds. Chick.; m. o. Sept. 1864. Ap. Corp. Aug. '63; m. o. Sept. '64, exp. term. Wounded at Chickamauga ; m. o. Sept. '64, exp. term. Ap. Corp. Nov. 64; m. o. with Co.; veteran. Ap. Corp. Nov. 1864; m. o. with Company. Ap. Corp. Nov. 1864 ; m. o. with Company ; veteran. Ap. Corp. Nov. 1864 ; m. o. with Company ; veteran. Ap. Corp. Nov. 1864; m. o. with Company ; veteran. Ap. Corp. Jan. 1865 ; m. o. with Company ; veteran. Ap. Corp. June, 1865 ; m. o. with Company ; veteran. Transferred to U. S. Navy. Killed at Chickamauga. Caji. at Chickamauga; died Andersonville, July, '64. Died Jan. 8, 1S62, at Lebanon, Ky. Discharged May, 1S64, at Detroit, Surg, certificate. Discharged July, 1863, on Surgeon's certificate. Red. from Corp.; disc. Sept. 1864, expiration term. Died Oct. 4, 1862, at Bacon Creek, Ky. Killecl in battle at Atlanta, Aug. 17, 1864. Red. from Corp.; miss. Chickamauga; no other record. Red. from Sergt.; m. o. Sept. 1864, expiration term. M. o. on expiration term of service, Sept. 1S64. Diecl Sei)t. 1S64, hospital near Atlanta. Iiistharged June 7, 1865. Discharged June 3, 1865 ; substitute. Discharged June, 1865 ; substitute. Discharged June, 1865 ; substitute. Transferred to 4th U. S. Batterv Feb. 1863. Killed at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Killed at Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863. Died Sept. 9, 1862, at Nashville, Teiin. Died Nov. 1863, wounds at Chickamauga. Wd. Chickamauga; m. o. Sept. '64, expiration term. Wd. Chickamauga; m. o. Sept. '64, expiration term. Mustered out with Company; veteran. Discharged July 11, 1865; veteran. Discharged June 3, 1865 ; substitute. Discharged June 3, 1865; substitute. Di.sc. Feb. 16, 1S63, on Surgeon's certificate. Died Feb. 6, 1862, Camp Beach Grove, Ky. Disc. March, 1864, on Surgeon's certificate. Died March 1, 1862, at Nashville, Tenu. Mustered out with Company. Mustered out with Company. Di.scharged June 3, 1865; substitute. Disc. Dec. 24, 1862, on Surgeon's certificate. Cap. Chickamauga; paroled ; disc. Sept. '64, exp. term. Killed in action .\ug. '64, near Atlanta. Reduced from Corporal. Discharged June 3, 1865 ; substitute. Died Nov. 15, 1861, at Gallatin, Tenn. Missing at Chickamauga. No further record. Discharged June 3, 1865; substitute. Discharged June 3, 1865 ; substitute. Died Nov. 30, 1862, at Nashville, Tenn. Died Nov. 23, 1861, at Lebanon, Ky. Mi.ssing at Chickamauga. No further record. Mustered out Sept. 12, 1864, on expiration term. Mustered out Feb. 1865, on expiration term; substitute. Discharged June 3, 1865 ; substitute. I I THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. 141 Names. Graham, Lowery GilliUind, Wilson S Granger, Joseph A Herhert, Henry Housey, James - Houck, Cyrus Haynes, Anderson Horton. (icorge W Jenkins, John Jordan, Patrick Johnson, Alva C Kingsley, iNIichael Koka, Beunette H Kane, James Lapsley, William Letiler, David Leere, John Monimee, Paul McKay, James Martin, John M McDonald, Socrates Miller, John Owens, Michael J O'Neill, Siuion P Prince, Charles J Pershing, AVilliam G Palmer, James F Phillips, Thomas L Plout, Joseph Ponsee, Lambert Pratt, Abram Plout, Edward Philli|)s, Thomas H Powell, Benjamin W Phillips, William P Plout, Peter Potter, Hannibal A Plout, Anthony Rodebach, George W ... Robideaux, Eli Russell, Jlichael Shanteau, Anthony Starberd, Bennette Steiner, Christian Sullivan, Jeremiah Stevens, John Short, Frank Shanteau, Francis Shanteau, Thomas Sulier, David Summerlott, John Stout, Joseph Smith, John Sheehan, Richard Upell, Charles Vanan, Joseph Wiggins, Joseph A Wilson, James Wolfe, Hezekiah Winters, Joseph W Wilson, Henry J Winsell, Frank Wolfe, George W Weideman, David Private IS 21 2o IS IS 22 43 21 24 85 23 IS 45 18 32 18 \'.) 1") 21 18 35 35 18 22 26 24 29 18 22 IS 23 18 44 IS 31 20 41 21 34 21 20 27 39 23 25 18 24 21 28 18 22 28 19 19 22 34 45 24 25 20 24 18 45 34 Date of Enteritig the Sermce. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Nov. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. A ug. Apri' Jan. Nov. Aug. Jan. Sept. Aug. Sept. !\Ich. Sept. Mch. Aug. Aug. Aug. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept, Feb. Aug. Sept, Sept, Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Sept Aug. Aug. Sept Feb. Aug. Jan. 29, 1S64 27, 1864 17, 1861 2, 1861 26, 181)4 2, 1861 2, 1861 2, 1S61 1.5, 18G1 2, 1861 4, 1861 2, 1861 19,1864 2, 1861 28, 1,SI)4 29,1864 I7,i8(;i 17, 1S61 20, 1861 24,1864 15, 1861 27, 1864 10,1861 30, 1861 2, 1 8(il 10,lS(il 17, lS(il 130,1862 2, 1864 14, 1864 15, 1861 7, 1864 10, 1861 22. 1861 10,1861 21. 1862 14,1861 21,1862 14, 1S(>1 17, 1861 17, 1861 2, 1861 10, 1861 17,1861 24, lS(il 10, 1861 2, 1861 2, 1861 2, 1861 12, 1864 22, 1861 10, 1861 2, 1861 17,1861 17,1861 20, 1861 17. 1861 10,1861 18, 1861 21, 1861 2, 1861 4, 1864 24, 1861 7, 1863 Remarks. Discharged June 3, 1865; substitute. Di.scharged June 3, 1865; substitute. Discharged 1,S()2, Camp Dennison, on Surg, certificate. Mustered out with Company ; veteran. Disc. June, 1865, order War Dept.; substitute. Di.sc. Oct. 1862, Detroit, on Surgeon's certificate. Disc. Slarch, 1863, Columbus, Surgeon's certificate. Killed at Chickamauga, Ga. Sept. 20, 1863. Trans, from Co. B, Mar. '64; m. o. Sept. '64 ; e.xp. term. Discharged Dec. 19, 1863, on Surgeon's certificate. Discharged Nov. 19, 1862, at Cincinnati, Surg. ctf. Wounded Chickamauga; m. o. Sept. '64, exp. term. Discliarged June 3, 1865, order War Dept.; drafted. Mustered out with Company ; veteran. Disc. June 3, 1865, order War Dept.; substitute. Disc. June, l.S()5, onler War Dept.; substitute. Di.scharged Dec. 14, 1863, order War Department. Clustered out with Company ; veteran. Mustered out with Company; veteran. Disc. June 3, 1865, order War Dept.; substitute. Discharged April 7, 1862, order War Dept. Died May 19. '05, MeClellan Ho.sp. Philadelphia ; sub. Mustered out with Company ; veteran. Mustered out Sept. 12, '64, expiration term. ilusterc IS 35 Dale of Entering the Service. Kcmarks. Aug. 28, 1861 Died Dec. 16, 1861, at Lexington, Ky. Jan. 3, 1864 Died April 22, 1864, at Ringgold, Ga. Dec. 28, lS(i3 Died April 10, 1864, at Kinggold, Ga. Aug. 28, 1861 Died Nov. 21, 1861, at Mt. Vernon, Ky. Dec. 18, 1862 Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Jan. 27, 1864 Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Aug. 28,1861 Killed in battle of Utoy Creek, Ga. Aug. 5, 1864. Aug. 28, 1861 Discharged June 1, 1862, on Surgeon's certificate. Aug. 28, 1861 Wounded at (!hickamauga; absent sick; m. o. July, '65. Aug. 28,18()1 Transferred to Co. D ISIarch 15, 1864. Aug. 28, 1861 Killed in battle of Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863. Aug. 28, 1861 Died Dec. 8, 1861, at Crab Orchard, Tenn. Aug. 28, 1861 Discharged June 30, 1862, on Surgeon's certificate. Aug. 28, 1861 Clustered out with company; veteran. Jan. 15, 1S64 Mustered out with company. Jan. 7, 1864 Absent, sick; mu.stered out July 11, 1865. Feb. 11, 1864 Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Mar. 25, 1864 Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Aug. 28, 1S61 Died Dec. 9, 1862, at Nashville, Tenn. Aug. 28, 1861 Appointed Q. M. Sergeant Dec. 13, 18(i3. Aug. 11, 1862 Discharged May 16, 1S65, by order of AN'ar Department. Aug. 28, 1861 Cap. at Chickamauga; died Dec. 1863, Danville prison. Aug. 28, 1S61 Died June 27, 1862, at Camp Dennison, O. Jan. 19, 1864 Absent from wounds; mustered out July 11, 1865. Oct. 2, 1S61 Died Sept. 7, 1862, at Na.shville, Tenn. Aug. 28,1861 Transferred to Co. D, March 15, 1S64. Aug. 28, 1861 Captured at Chickamauga; mustered out May, 1865. Aug. 28, 1861 Discharged April 20, 1863, by order War Department. Aug. 28, lS(il Died Aug. 1S64, from wds. at Kenesaw Mt.; veteran. Aug. 28, 1861 Discharged April 29, 1863, by order War Department. Dec. 11, 1862 Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Aug. 28, 186] Discharged Ajiril, 1864, for pro. in U. S. Colored Troops. Aug. 28, 1861 Died Feb. 6, 1862, at Lebanon, Ky. Aug. 28, 1861 Mustered out with company July 11, 1865; veteran. Oct. 5, 1863 Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Aug. 28,1861 Mustered out Sept. 13, 1864, on exp. term of service. Aug. 28, 1861 Wounded at Chickamauga; mustered out Oct. 1864. Aug. 28, 1861 Absent sick; mustered out July 11, lS(i5. Aug. 28, 1S()1 Mustered out Sept. 13, 1864, on exp. term of service. Aug. 28, 1861 Mustered out Sept. 13, 1864, on exp. term of service. Aug. 28, 1861 Mustered out Sept. 13, 1864, on exp. term of service. Nov. 8, 1862 Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. Aug. 28,1861 Transferred to Co. D, March 15, 1864; veteran. Aug. 28, 1861 Died April 16, 1862, at Riga, Mich. Aug. 28, 1861 Absent sick; mustered out July, 1865; veteran. Jan. 13, 1864 In Rebel prison 3 mos. from Sept. 1864; m. o. with Co. Feb. 4,1864 Mustered out w'ith company July 11, 1865. Jan. 13, 1864 Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Aug. 28, 1S61 Mustered out Sept. 13, 1864", on exp. term of service. Aug. 28, 1S61 Mustered out Sept. 13, 1864, on exp. term of service. Aug. 28, 1861 Red. from Corpl. Oct. 1863; m. o. Sept. 1864; exp. term. Aug. 28, 1861 Discharged Aug. 12, 1862, on Surgeon's certificate. Oct. 14, 1862 Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Aug. 28, 1861 Mustered out Sept. 13, 1864", on exp. of term of service. Aug. 28, 1861 :\Iustered out Sept. 13, 1S64, on exp. of term of service. Aug. 28, 1S(;1 Appointed Q. ^l. Sergt. ]\Iarch 15, 1862. Aug. 28, 1861 Died INIarch 10, lS! Captain. 22 u 27 1st Lieut. 24 " 23 *' 30 2d Lieut. 2.T (1 19 1st Sergt. 21 33 Sergeant. 20 2(i (( 25 a 21 i( 18 '* 25 ** 33 ti 32 Corporal. 29 u 21 " 27 " 18 a 18 a 25 •' 22 " 23 '* 29 " 35 " 33 ■> Private. 31 20 IS 21 26 31 37 20 19 29 24 20 20 31 31 39 27 19 26 16 38 38 24 21 24 3() 39 38 .J.5 28 19 43 Date of Entering the Service. Sept. Aug Sept. Aug. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sejit. Sept. Sept Sept. Feb. Dec. Jan. Sept. Sept, Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept, ■ept. Sept, Aug. Sept Dec. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Feb. Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. 1, 1861 15, 1861 1,1861 18, 1861 17, 1861 1, 1861 18, 1861 1, 1861 20, 1861 5, 1861 5, 1861 5,1861 5,1861 5, 1861 27, 1861 17, 1861 20, 1S61 17, 1861 5, 1864 5, 1861 5, 1861 5, 1861 5, 1861 5, 1861 5, 1861 5, 1861 1, 1861 20, 1861 1, 1861 1, 18<>1 1, 1861 5, 1861 1, 1861 5, 1861 5, 1861 26, 1864 8, 1864 23, 1863 15, 1864 1, 1861 26, 1864 5, 1861 5, 1861 5, 1861 20, 1861 5, 1861 5, 1861 5, 1861 20, 1861 25, 1864 31, 1863 5, 1861 1, 1861 20, 1861 20, 1861 17, 1861 17, 1861 28, 1862 5, 1861 1, 1861 5, 1861 17,1861 20, 1861 5, 1861 20, 1861 26, 1864 5, 18()1 Remarks. Det. as A. A. G. 3d Brg., 3d D., 14th Corps; k. at Jones. Pro. from 1st Lt. co. I, Nov. 1864; m. o. with Company. Resignet. 5,1861 Feb. 11, 1864 Feb. n, 1864 Sept. 5, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Sept. 27, 1864 Sept. 27, 1864 Jan. 20, 1864 Feb. 11, 1864 Sept. 25,1863 Sept. 5, 1861 Sept. 5, 1801 Sept. 27, 1864 Sept. 5, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Nov. 25, 1864 Sept. 5, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Nov. 1, 1861 Jan. 29, 1864 Feb. 3,1864 Jan. 28, 1864 Sept. 5, 1861 Feb. 3, 1864 Sept. 5, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Oct. 9, 1862 Oct. 24, 1862 Sept. 5, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Jan. IS, 1864 Sept. 5, 1861 Feb. 11,1864 Nov. 20, 1862 Mar. 4, 1864 Sept. 5, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Jan. 16, 1864 Sept. 5, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Sept.. 5, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Feb. 3,1864 Jan. 11, 1864 Jan. 12, 1864 Nov. 16, 1863 Jan. 12, 1864 Sept. 5, 1861 Feb. 12, 1864 Sept. 17,1863 Sept. 5, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Feb. 26, 1864 Sept. 5,1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Sept. .5,1861 Dec. 15, 1863 Jan. 29, 1864 Jan. 22, 1864 Sept. 5, 1861 Feb. 20, 1864 Oct. 24, 1862 Sept. 5, 1861 Feb. 11,1864 Remarks. Mustered out Sept 12, 1864, exp. term of service. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Discharged Nov. 30, 1S61, on Surgeon's certiticate. Trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps April 30, 1S64. Mustered out June 3, 1865; substitute. Mustered out June 3, 1865; substitute. Mu.stered out with company July 11, 1865. Mastered out with company July 11, 1865. Died Jan. 30, 1865, at Nashville, Tenn. Trans, to l.st U. S. Engineer Corps Aug. 1862. Wd. at Chickamauga; m. o. Nov. '64, Columbus. Mu.stered out June 3, 1865; suh.stitute. Died Nov. 19, 1861, at Lexington, Ky. Mu.stered out with company; veteran. Mustered out with company; substitute. Captured at Chickamauga; mustered out Jan. 1865. Died July 4, 1862, at Nashville, Tenn. Died Oct. 6, 1863, from wounds at Chickamauga. Discharged July 15, 1863, on Surgeon's certificate. Discharged March 18, 1864; veteran. Mustered out w'ith company July 11, 1865. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Missing Sept. 20, 1863. No further record. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Mustered out with company; veteran. Trans, to 1st U. S. Engineer Corps Aug. 15, 1864. Trans, to 3.5th O. V. L Jan. '65; m. o. Co.; veteran. Trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps April 9, 1864. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Discharged Dec. 31, 1861, Surgeon's certificate. Discharged May 22, 1863, Surgeon's certificate. Discharged Nov. 22, 1862, Surgeon's certificate. Died Nov. 17, 1S6], at Lexington, Ky. Killed on picket line, front of Atlanta, Aug. 8, 1S64. Mustered out with company; veteran. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Mustered out with company; veteran. Killed in battle at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863. Mustered out with company; veteran. Mustered out with company; veteran. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Disc. June, 1865, Surgeon's certificate; veteran. Mustered out with company; veteran. Killed Nov. 22, 1864, near Milledgeville, Ga. Cap. at Chickamauga; m. o. Jan. 1865, at Columbus. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Wounded in face at Jonesboro Sept. 1, '64; m. o. Co. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Died of wounds at Kenesaw Mountain, June, 1864. Died Sept. 30, 1.S64, from wounds at Jonesboro. Killed in battle at Jonesboro Sept. 1, 1864. Killed June 16, 1864, at Kenesaw Mountain. Died Oct. 9, 1866, wounds received at Chickamauga. Died April 11, 1864, near Atlanta, Ga. Discharged Dec. 12, 1862, Surgeon's certificate. Discharged May 2, 1862, Surgeon's certificate. Discharged June 9, 1865, order \\'ar Department. Mustered out May 29, 1865; substitute. Mustered out witli company July 11, 1865. Wd. at Jonesboro; in hosp.; ui. o. July, '65; veteran. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Wounded at Chickamauga; m. o. company July 11, '65. Mustered out Sept. 12, 1864, on expiration term. Wounded at Chickamauga; m. o. company July 11, '65. J THE WAR OP THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. 149 iVa?«cs, Van Fleet, Henry C__ Wagner, Benjamin F_ West, Isaac B Wolflnger, William __ Wood, William H Winchell, Eli Wood, Jonathan Wood, .James Webber, Otto Wetmore, Peter Weigel, Charles Wyman, Frederick __ Yager, George Zook, Joseph ___ Date of Rank. Entering the Service. Private. 19 Sept. 5, 1861 19 Sept. 5, 1861 0'> Sept. 5, 1861 19 Sept. 5, 1861 20 Sept. 5, 1861 22 Sept. 5,1851 62 Sept. 5, 1861 IS Sept. 5, 1861 20 Feb. 2, 1864 13 Sept. 5, 1861 21 Fe3. 9, 1864 21 Feb. 4, 1864 20 Sept. 5, 1861 22 Sept. 5, 1861 Remarks. Cap. at Chickamanga; now in Monclova. Mustered out Sept. 12, 1864, on expiration term. Mustered out Sept. 12, 1864, on expiration term, Wd. at Chickam.auga; in hospital; m. o. Sept. 1864. Discharged Sept. 5, 1862, Surgeon's certificate. Discharged March 12, 1864, Surgeon's certificate. Transferred to Co. A, Nov. 1, 1862. Mustered out with company; veteran. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865; substitute. Mustered out witli company July 11, 1865; veteran. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865; substitute. Mustered out with company July 11, 1865; substitute. Died Nov. 13, 1863, from wounds at Chickamauga. KOLL OF HONOR, FOUETEENTH REGIMENT, OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Name. AUtop, Benjamin Anderson, William Applegate. Aaron Anderson James Armstrong, Thomas Ballinger, David Bogart, William J Bowers, Stephen Bowers Francis M Bushing, George Barton, John P Barrett, Michael Baldwin, Harlow M Brichfield, Eli Burchfield, Aaron H Boyer, Lemuel R Burvvell, James Bowen, Robert Beeker, William S Byers, George A Belford, William Bruker, George Barr, Amos Bueklin, Hamilton Borden, Edward Ballinger, George Brown, Henry A Beard, Daniel Butler. William H Bowers, Solomons... _. Brint, John Barrington, James Brumhoofer. Francis Bennett, Perry Benuor. William Black, Walter W Bartell. Harvey B Bowers, William H Brendle, Joseph E Brown, Benedict Beal. Robert Bates, Henry Bixley, Charles W Cobb, Nathaniel O Conard, John Q. A Cressey, Mason Church, George C Co. Private. Sergeant. Private. Corporal Private. Corporal. Private. u Sergeant. Private. (( Corporal. Private. Corporal. Private. 2d Lieut. Private. Sergeant. Died. May 23, Sept. 19, April 14 Aug. 17, Oct. 4, Sept. 19, Sept. 19, Julv 5, Oct". 7, July 28, Sept. 20, Nov. 25, Dec. 4, Sept. 27, Mav 16, Sept. 23, Nov. 1, Jan. 2, Dec. 3, Dec. 8, Sept. 19, Sept. 19, Nov. 28, Dec. 5, Feb. 27, Feb. 9, Sept. 19, Dec. 16, Sept. 9, Sept. 19, Oct. 12, Sept. 1, Sept. 19, Sept. 1, Sept. 25, Nov. 29, Buried. 1862 Corinth, Miss... 1863 Chattanooga, Tenn ,1862Shiloh, Tenn 1864 Marietta, Ga 1862 Louisville, Ky 1863 Chattanooga, Tenn 1863 Chattanooga, Tenn 1863 Nashville, Tenn 1863 Chattanooga, Tenn 1864 Columbus, O 1863 Chattanooga, Tenn 1863 Chattanooga, Tenn 1861 Lebanon, Ky 1864 Andersonville, Ga. 1862 Jeff. Barrracks,Mo. 1863 Chattanooga, 'Tenn 1863 Chattanooga, Tenn 1864 Chattanooga, Tenn 1863 Chattanooga, Tenn 1863 Chattanooga, Tenn 1863 Marietta, Ga 1863'Marietta, Ga 1861 Lexington, Ky 1861|Lexington, Ky 1862iLehanon, Ky 1864, Toledo, O 1863 Chattanooga, Tenn 1863 Nashville, Tenn _. 1862 Nashville, Tenn _. 1863' Chattanooga, Tenn 1864 1 Nashville, Tenn _. 1864jMarietta, (ia 1863:;\Iarietta, Ga Remarks. 1864 1864 1863 Marietta, Ga Marietta, Ga Marietta, Ga._ Sept. 10, 1864 Marietta, Ga July 20, 1864 Marietta, Ga Sept. 1, 1864 Marietta, Ga Mar. 22, 1862;Nashville, Tenn _. Jan. 25, 1865|New Albany, Ind. Aug. 28, 1864'Nashville, Tenn .. May 9, 1862 Cincinnati, O Oct. 3, 1864 Marietta, Ga July 14, 1864 Andersonville, Ga. Sept. 19, 1863 Chattanooga, Tenn Aug. 18, 1864 Andersonville, Ga. At Hamburg, Miss. — disease. Killed at battle of Chickamauga. Wounds in battle April 7, 1862. Killed in battle near Atlanta. Disease. Cave Hill Cemetery. Killed at battle of Chickamauga. Killed at battle of Chickamauga. Died of chronic diarrhtea. Of wounds at battle Chickamauga. Disea.se. In Green Lawn Cemetery. Killed at battle of Chickamauga. Killed at battle Missionary Ridge. Died of congestion of lungs. Cap. Chickamauga; died in prison. Died — disease. Of wounds at Cliickamauga,Sept.'63. Wounds at Chickamauga, Sept. '63. Died — disease. Wds. at Missionary Ridge, Nov. '63. Wounds at Chickamauga, Sept. '63. Killed at battle of Chickamauga. Killed at battle of Chickamauga. Died — disease. City Cemetery. Died— disease. City Cemetery. Died in hospital, typhoid fever. Died at Antwerp, "o. — disease. Killed at battle of Chickamauga. Died of chronic diarrhoea. Died— disease. Killed at battle of Chickamauga. Of wounds at battle of Joncsboro. Killed at liattle of Jonesboro. Killed at battle of Chickamauga. Killed at battle of Jonesboro. Died in hosp. near Atlanta — disease. Wd. and cap. at Chickamauga; died in Rebel prison, Atlanta. Of wounds battle Atlanta, July, '64. Killed at battle Peachtree Creek. Killed at battle of Jonesboro. Died — disease. Disease. In City Cemetery. Died — disease. Disease. Spring Grove Cemetery. Wd. battle of Jonesboro, Sept. '64. Cap. at C hickamauga; died in prison. Killed at battle of Chickamauga. Cap. at Chickamauga; died in prison. 150 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Name. Co Carroll, James Cook, Harrison Cole, George W Cluckey, John Campbell, Whitney I - Clark. Henry C Clifford, Henry Cone, William CoUard, Arthur L Case, John I Click, Joseph Cook, George Clements, Andrew B.. Cain, John Conn. James Davis, Thomas Dings, Morgan Dudley, Joseph Davis, Charles Ditzler, John Davidson, Isaac Davit, Charles E Davis, William H Disbrow, Peter W Davis, Andrew J Doring, Reuben F Enfield, Jacob Edsul, William Ellis, Isaac B Fry, John J Fox, Lawson Fox, Isaiah Featheringale, John B-_ Fuller, Reuben M Fleming, Edwin D Forest, Joseph A FuUerton, James E Frentenburg, James Forbes, Frederick Gaunt, William Gutherie, Sanford Guitzell, Andrew Glancy, Da\ad M Gunn, Alfred O Gunn, Leonard Gordon, Jonathan C Gordon Reynold Green, John Gillman, John Grubb, Abraham _ Gilbert, Thomas W Gilbert, Uriah Graham, William I_. Hepp, John Halbert, Otto Hudson, Milton ._ Hall, Lyman S Harrison, John W.__II Hanford, Charles I Howser, John '_ Haver, John "~" Heatlev, William' Holtzell, Jacob Hoover, Wilham Hanson, Christian Horton, George W Hanson, John C Huntley, Albert H.I_~ Hazelitt, John F Hendrix, Philomen ' Hulse, Lester Harris, Weedon H._II"I Harmover, John I Jones, Wheehng A __!' Rank. F Private. K (( C (( B it C 11 D (( F (< F u B (< F (( D (( K (( D Corporal. E Private. K (( D (( F (( B (( B (( K (( K (( B Corporal. B Private. C (( A ti G Corporal. C Private. D " H (( C (( C (( D ft K K K (< K Corporal. E Private. F Corporal. H Private. H " I Corporal. K Private. H " K Sergeant. i (( I Private. G Sergeant. G Private. I " A Sergeant. E Private. A Sergeant. A Private. E Sergeant. A Private. H (( K (( Corporal. B Private. I " I " E (i E (( E (( G (( G (t C 11 H Sergeant. B Corporal. G Private. D (1 F (( E Corporal. H u E Private. DM. Buried. July 28, 1862 Mar. 28, 1864 Feb. 6,1862 Dec. 6, 1861 Mar. 1, 1862 Sept. 1, 1864 Sept. 1, 1864 Sept. 1, 1864 April 20,1862 April 5, 1862 Oct. 24, 1862 Feb. 2, 1862 Sept. 19, 1863 Sept. 20, 1863 Sept. 19, 1863 Aug. 7, 181)2 Sept. 19,186:; Mar. 26, 1862 Nov. 7, 1861 June 19, 1863 Sept. 1,1864 Aug. 8, 1864 Aug. 8, 1864 Aug. 10, 1864 Sept. 20, 1863 Sept. 19, 1863 Nov. 15, 1861 Oct. IS, 1863 June 17, 1864 Nov. 30, 1862 Nov. 23, 1861 Sept. 8,1862 Sept. 19, 1863: Julv 1, 1862 Sept. 19, 1863 June 6, 1862 July 30, 1864 Jan. 1, 1862 July 18, 1862 July 12, 1864' Feb. 22, 1862 June 30, 1864 Dec. 24, 1861 Nov. 25, 1861 Nov. 19, 1861 May 10, 1862 Aug. 3, 1864 Jan. 30, 1865 Sept. 19, 1863 Sept. 2, 1862 Oct. 22, 1863 Sept. 6, 1864 Sept. 19, 1863 Sept. 19, 1863 Julv 2, 1864 Dec. 2, 1861 Sept. 20, 1863: Feb. 20, 1864| Oct. 6, 1863 July 4, 18621 April 4, 1864i Sept. 1, 1864' Dec. 4, 18631 Mch. 9, 1864! July 16, 1862: Sept. 20, 186:i Sept. 17, 1862; Oct. 23,1864: Sept. 2, 1864 Sept. 4, 1864 June 17, 1864 Sept. 1, 1864 Oct. 19, ISii.'. April 4, 1862 Chattanooga, Tenn Chattanooga, Tenn Louisville, Ky Lexington, Ky Nashville, Tenn _. Mai-ietta, Ga Marietta, Ga Marietta, Ga Mound City, I1L_- Nashville, Tenn __ Nashville, Tenn __ Nashville, lenn __ Chattanooga, Tenn Chattanooga, Tenn Chattanooga, Tenn Chattanooga, Tenn Chattanooga, Tenn Louisville, Ky Loudon, Ky Nashville, Tenn ._ Marietta, Ga Marietta, Ga Marietta, Ga Marietta, Ga Chattanooga, Tenn Chattanooga, Tenn Nashville, Tenn. Chattanooga, Tenn Chattanooga, Tenn Nashville, Tenn.. Lebanon, Ky Nashville, Tenn _ Chattanooga, Tenn Corinth, Miss Chattanooga, Tenn Nashville, Tenn._ Nashville, Tenn._ Louisville, Ky Chattanooga, Tenn Andersonville, Ga. Nash'^'ille, Tenn__ Chattanooga, Tenn Lexington, Ky_ Lexington, Ky_ Lexington, Ky Nashville, Tenn. - Nashville, Tenn... Nashville, Tenn .. Chattanooga, Tenn Nashville, Tenn... Nashville, Tenn... Marietta, Ga Chattanooga, Tenn Chattanooga, Tenn Andersonville, Ga. Cincinnati, O Chattanooga, Tenn Cincinnati, O Chattanooga, Tenn Nashville, Tenn.. Chattanooga, Tenn Marietta, Ga Marietta, Ga Nashville, Tenn Louisville, Ky Chattanooga, Tenn Nashville, Tenn__ Nashville, Tenn._ Marietta, Ga Marietta. Ga Marietta, Ga Marietta, Ga Chattanooga, Tenn; Cincinnati. O i Remarks. Died at Tuscumbia, Ala. — disease. Died Ringgold; wds. in bat.Nov.'63. D. at Camp Beach. Cave Hill Cem. Died — disease. City Cemetery. Died— disea.se. Killed at battle of Jonesboro. Killed at battle of Jonesboro. Killed at battle of Jonesboro. Died at Shiloh, Tenn. — disease. Died— disease. Died — disease. Died of chronic diarrhoea. Killed at battle of Chickamauga. Killed at battle of Chickamauga. Kille2, at Beverlv, W. Va. Wounded May, '62, at battle of "McDowell; and July,'63, Gettysburg; m. o. July, 1864, expiration of term. Discharged Nov. 1862 at Cheat Mountain, Surg. ctf. Discharged Nov. 1862, at Alexandria, Va., Surg. ctf. Discharged at Baltimore, Md., Nov. 1862, Surg ctf Killed Sept. 12, 1861, battle of Cheat Mountain. I'ied in Port Hospital, at Columbia, S. C. Discharged June, 1862, Columbus, O., Surg. ctf. Mustered out July 16, 1864, expiration of term. Discharged Nov. 1861, at Cheat Mouhtain, Surg. ctf. Wd. at battle of Camp Alleghany, W. Va. Dec. '61; and at Chancellorsville, Mar, '63; dis. May, '64, Surg. ctf. Mustered out July 16, 1864, expiration of term. Mustered out July 16, 1864, expiration of term. Discharged July 15, 1865, order War Dept.— 1 year. Discharged July 15, 1865, order War Dept.— 1 year. Discharged July 15, 1865, order War Dept.— 1 year. Mu.stered out July 7, 1863, expiration of term— 9 mos. Mustered out July 7, 1863, expiration of term— 9 mos. Wd. Apr. 1865, battle Red Hill, S. C; dis. June. 1865. Discharged Dec. 1865, on Surgeon's ctf. of disability. Wd. Chancellorsville; m. o. July, '63, exp. term— 9 mos. Mustered out Nov. 1, 1865, exp. of term— 1 year. Mustered out July, 1864, expiration of term. Mustered out w-ith couipanv, June 18, 1866. Killed Dec. 6, 1864, battle of Gregory's Landing. Killed Mav 2, 1863, battle of Chancellorsville, Va. Died Dec. 21, 1864, at Beaufort, S. C— 1 vear. Died Dec. 9, 1865, Lexington Dist. Ho.spital, S. C. Died Sept. '62, Washington, wds. at Bull Run Aug. '62. Promoted to Com. Sergt. March 16, 1864; veteran. Wounded June 8, 1864, battle of Cross Keys, Va. Mustered out July, 1864, expiration of term. Discharged July 15, 1865, order AVar Dept.— 1 year. Mustered out with company, June 18, 1866. Wd. Chancellorsville, Mav,'63; m. o. July, '64, exp. term Died Nov. 3, 1865, Port Hospital, Columbia, S. C. Discharged Dec. 1863, Huttonsville, W. Va., Surg. ctf. Wd. Dec. '61, bat. Camp Alleghanv; dis. Aug.'62, disab. Wd. Nov.'64, bat. Honey Hill, S. C.; dis. Mav, '65, disab. Discharged Julv 15, 1865, order War Dept.— 1 year. Wounded May 3, 1863, battle Chancellorsville." Discharged Nov. 27, 1861, Cheat Mountain, ctf. disab. Wd. Bull Run, Aug. 1862; dis. Jan. 1863, ctf. disab. Mustered out July 16, 1864, expiration of term. Mustered out July 7, 1863, expiration of term— 9 mos. Discharged July 15, 1865, order War Dept.— 1 year. Mustered out Oct. 8, 1865, expiration of term— 1 year. 160 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. tiamet. Muntz, Gottleib Mi-Kinney. Jacob M... Jlontgomerv, Kdward.. Millliollan, "Charles T . Matthews, Peter Marx, Emil I Meyer, Henry Mairosi, David MeKinney, Isaac Minor, Amos W McMonagle, John Mitchell, Christian Markley, Henry S Millet, Joseph Miller, Lewis Moore, Philander Newton, George H Niehus, Rudolph L Nave, Fred Oeckel, Charles O'Neil Thomas Petrie, Robert A_.. Pelleto, Louis Peck, Edward Page, Harlan Page, George W Pettis, John Panches, Perry Pancost, James Patten, John Rose, Thomas lianney, Jonathan Romine, James Richards, Frederick Richards, Allen Rantz, Fredoline Ripkee, Charles Schmidt, Fred Scbropp, Joseph Shure, George Santer, Senius Stephens, Henry Sherman, Richard M Seagrist, John Stoecker, John Smith, Charles W Shireley, Stephen M Smith, John Stillwell, John Smith, Joseph B Schneider, Austen Schorr, John Sey, John Stone, Lyman B Shaflfer, Nelson H Tebean, Adolphus Tannal, John W Town, William I Tiederman, Charles Thompson, John A _ . _ Taylor, Zachariah Tiederman, Christopher Targer, Francis M Vickory, William Viers, David S Viers, John B Weeler, Michael Wagner, William Rank. Private. Date of Entering the Service. Oct. 2. 1862 Sept. 28,1862 Nov. .30, 18(14 June 24, 1861 June 24,1861 June 24,1861 Feb. 23, 1864 Sept. 8, 1863 Feb. 19, 1864 July 10, 1861 Feb. 25, 1864 Dec. 23 1863 Feb. 1.5, 1864 June 24,1861 June 24,1861 Mch. 14,1862 Feb. 29, 1864 Jan. 2, 1864 Feb. 26. 1864 June 24,1861 June 24,1861 Sept. 12,1864 Feb. 29, 1864 July 18, 1861 July 10, 1861 June 24,1861 Sept. 12, 1864 Sept. 16,1864 Sept. 22, 1864 July 10, 1861 June 24, 1861 Oct. 7, 1862 Sept. 12, 1864 Feb. 15, 1864 Feb. 18, 1864 Dec. 19, 1863 Jan. 4, 1864 Dec. 22, 1863 Jan. 1, 1864 Feb. 26, 1864 Jan. 7, 1864 Feb. 17. 1864 June 24, 1861 June 24, 1861 June 24. 1861 Sept. 6, 1864 Sept. 12, 1864 Sept. 14, 1864 Sept. 5, 1864 Feb. 29, 1864 Nov. 1, 186i Nov. 1, 186i Oct. 11. 1862 July 10, 1861 June 24, 1861 June 24, 1861 Oct. 7, 1862 June 24, 1861 Jan. 15, 1864 Oct. 7, 1862 Feb. 12, 1864 Dec. 23, 1863 Feb. 4, 1864 July 10, 1861 June 24, 1861 June 24, 1861 Dec. 19, 1863 Oct. 4, 1864 Remarks. Mustered out Oct. 2, 1865, expiration of term. Mustered out Oct. 2, 1865, expiration of term. Mustereit July, 1865; veteran. Cap. at Atlanta, July, 1864; mu.stered out June, 1865. Ap. Jan. 1865; mustered out with co. Aug. 1865, vet. Mustered out September 12, 1864, expiration of term. Trans, to Vet. Reserve Corps; dis. May, 1864, disab. Discharged December 31, 1862, certificate of disability. Died August 20, 1863, at Camp Sherman, Mississippi. Absent sick; mustered out order of War Department. Mustered out with company, August, 1865; veteran. Cap. at Atlanta, July, 1864; mustered out June, 1865. Killed at Mission Ridge, November 25, 1863. Died from injurj' in R. R. accident. May, 1S64. Appointed Sergeant company A, March, 1863. Dis. Sept. 1863, at.St. Louis, Mo., Surgeon's certificate. Wd. Aug. '64, Atlanta; m. o. Sept., '64, expiration term. Discharged Oct. 1862, Gallipolis, O., Surg, certificate. Missing near Montgomery, W. Va.; no further record. Died October, 1863, in genera! hospital, Memphis. Wounded near Atlanta, July, 1864; m. o. May, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 1864, Ft. Corcoran, Va. exp. term. AVd. action, Vicksburg, May, 1863; m. o. co.; veteran. Died in hospital at Clifton, W. Va. December, 1864. Dis. Jan. 1863, Louisville, Kentucky, Surgeon's ctf. Wd. May, 1863, action at Vicksburg; m. o. co.; veteran. Wd. May, 1864, R. R. accident; mustered out co.; vet. Died December 22, 1863, in hospital at Memphis. Mustered out September, 1864, expiration of term. Cap. July, 1864, in battle; ui. o. June, 1865; veteran. Died in hospital at Larkinsville, Ala. March 7, 1864. Mustered out September 12, 1864, expiration of term. Mustered out September 12, 1864, expiration of term. Di.scharged Oct. 9, 1864, Gallipolis, 0. Surgeon's ctf. Discharyed December 31, 1862, Surgeon's certificate. Mustered out August, 1865; veteran. Mustered out with company, August, 1865; veteran. Mustered uut with company, August, 1865; veteran. Mustered out with company, August, 1865; veteran. Mustered out with company, August, 1865; veteran. Died May 27, 1863; at Young's Point, Louisiana. Dis. April, 1864, Dennison hospital, O. Surgeon's ctf. Mustered out September, 1864, expiration of term. Mustered out September, 1864, expiration of term. Mustered out September, 1864, expiration of term. Discharged October, 1862, Gallipolis, O. Surgeon's ctf. Mvistered out September 12, 1864, expiration of term. Mustered out September 12, 1864, expiration of term. Died June, 1863, of wounds received near Vicksburg. Killed May, 1863, in action near Vicksburg. Mustered out May 28, 1865, by order War Department. Mustered out Mav 28, 1865, by order War Department. Dis. July, 1.SI12, Flat Top Tannery, Va. Surgeon's ctf. Mustered out September 12, 1864, expiration of term. Wd. at Atlanta, July, 1864; m. o. Sept. 1864, exp. term. Discharged October, 1862, Gallipolis, O. Surgeon's ctf. THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. 167 Names. Pump, Frederick Pepper, Heinrich Penscher, Joseph _. Rentsch, Henry Sautter, Michael Schroeder, Carl Schumacher, Frederick. Schultz, Carl Schumacher, Wilhelm Sander, Heinrich Sanzenbacher, John Seter, Christian Schmidt, George Schlatter, George Stohrer, Melchoir Senf, Werner. Schuartz, Frederick Suwold, Johann Suwold, Jacob Tlese, Herman Teefelmever, August Tilse, Wilhelm Weber, Valentine Winsler, Mathias Rank, Private. Date of Entering ttie Service. Aug. Aug. Nov. 2S, 18(51 18,1861 15,1802 Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Sept. Aug. Aug. 18,1861 8,1862 8,1862 4,1862 4,1862 18,1861 18,1861 18,1861 18,1861 26,1861 18,1861 26,1861 18,1861 26,18(11 26,1861 26,1861 26,1861 8,18(52 18,1861 18,1861 Remarks. Mustered out with company, August 7, 1S65; veteran. K. July, 1864, battle Ezra Chapel, Atlanta; veteran. Mustered out with company, August, 186.5. Pro. Quartermaster Sergeant, February, 1864; veteran. Mustered out with company, August, 186.5; veteran. Wd. June, 1864, Kenesaw Mt.; dis. Feb. 18(55, disab. Mustered out June, 1865, order of War Department. Mustered out June, 18(55, order of War Department. Transferred to Signal Corps, September, 18()3. Killed May, 186:5, near Vicksburg. Dis. July, 1862, at Flat Top Tannery, Surgeon's ctf. Died in hospital at Raleigh, W. Va. August, 1862. Discharged October, 1862, Gallipolis, O. Surgeon's ctf. Mu.stered out September, 1864, on expiration of term. Clustered out September, 1864, on expiration of term. Transferred to Signal Corps, September, 186:5. l)i.schai'ged January, 18(5:5, Louisville, Surgeon's ctf. Killed May 111, 186:3, in action near Vicksburg. Mustered out September, 1864, on expiration of term. Mustered out May, 1865, by order of War Department. Mustered out August 16, 1865, on expiration of term. Mustered out September 12, 1864, expiration of term. COMPANY G. Names. Frederick Schoening Louis E. Lambert William Schultz Geo. W. Tenime Theodore Nieberg Jacob Littu John Hamm Gustav A. Wintza Carl Maeulen Gustav Baither John Mollenkopf Lewis Allien . Carl Darn Herman Waldman Alexander Schoenig Ernst Forgler Carl Breidert Carl Schmidt August Roedieker Gottleib Grau Henry Kruessman Joseph Boselgia George Scherer Nicholas Hotz John Tamboch Jacob Baumhauer Robert Dietrich John S. Kountz Michael Adams George S. Veidenger Artz, Franz Albers, Heinrich Acheman, Lewis Aberle, Joseph Auman, John Boessinger, Heinrich ^ Rank. ^ Captain. :56 20 1st Lieut. :5i (( 32 " 20 " 31 2d Lieut. 38 " 23 (1 35 IstSergt. 2:5 " 2o Sergeant. 25 II 35 (I 25 " 24 " '>9 " 29 It 3:! Corporal II 23 31 " 28 " 1!) II 30 II 25 " 23 .Musician. 18 " 17 It 16 II 18 Wagoner. Private. 20 :5(i " 20 " 23 u 22 " 20 Date of Entering ttie Service. Sept. Sept. Sept. Nov. Aug. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aui.'. Sejjt. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. 1, 1861 2(5,1861 9, 1861 5, 1861 .30, 1861 (5, 1861 12,1861 22,1861 18, 1861 3, 1861 12, 1861 :i, 1861 12,18(il 11, 1861 2, 1861 21, 1861 3, 1861 12, 1861 9, 1861 3, 1801 21, 18(52 17,1861 24,1861 25,1861 Sept. 4,1861 Oct. 13, 1862 Sept. 30,1861 Mch. 31,1864 Sept. 20,1861 .Sept. 24,1861 Oct. 8, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Sept. 13,1861 Sept. 24,1861 Sept. 3, 1861 Remarks. Died May '(54, wounds Resaca, May 13, 1864. 1st Lieut. F, April, '64; Adjt. July, '64. Capt., Jan. ,'(55. Appointed A2. From 2d Lieut. K, May, '62; R. Q.M. December 29, '62. Tranferred from Adjutant, July, '(54; res. Sept. 20, '64. From 2d Lieut. E, June, 18(54; to Capt. E, April, 1865. To 1st Lieutenant Co. C, February 8, 1862. From 1st Sgt. C, Feb., 1862; to 1st Lt. (', Dec, '(52. From l,st Sgt. B, May, 1863; to 1st Lt. H, April, 18(51. Promoted 2d Lieutenant Co. B, November, 18(i2. From Sergt. Sept. 20, '64; mustered out Co.; veteran. From Corpl.; disc. Sept. 1864, Cleveland, O.; Surg. ctf. Trans. Vet. R. C. Jime, '(i4; m. o. Sept., '64, exp. term. Discharged, March, 1863, Gallipolis, Surg, certificate. From Corporal; mustered out Sept., 18(54, exp. term. From Corporal July, 18(54; mustered out May, 1865. Trans. V. R.C., March, 1864; m. o. Sept. 1864; exp. term. From Corporal, Jan., 1865; m. o. Co. Aug., '65; veteran. Discharged Jan. 1, '63, Louisville, Ky., Surg, certificate. From Corpl. Nov., 1863, to Com'y Sgt.. January, 18(53. Wd. May, '(53, Vicksliurg; K. Mch, '65, bat. Bentonville. Corporal, October, 1861; m. o. Sept., 18(i4, exp. term. Corporal, Feb., 1863; m.o. Sept., 18(54, expiration term. Wd. July, '64, Atlanta; ap. Cpl, July, '(55; m. o. co.; vet. Killed, May, 1863, in action near Vicksburg. Wd. Mission Ridge, November 25, 1863 (right leg amp.); discharged April, 1864. Cap. July, '(54, bat. Atlanta; ex. Sept. '64; m. o. co. Drowned Ohio R., steamer N. C. Lewis, January, 1863. Wd. Vicksburg, May, 63; trans.Vet. R. Corps, Jan., '65. Trans. Vet. R. Corps April, '64; mustered out Sept., '(54. Trans. Vet. R. Corps April, '64; mu.stered out Sept., '64. M. o. September, 18(54, at East Point, Ga.; exp. term. Mustered out Co. August, 1865, veteran. IHS HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Names. Balof, Jacob Beiscke, John Brooks, Frederick Bender, Peter Brndder, Henry Dcwrie, George Eichen, Joseph Eiiisch, Frederick Emsch, John Friederich, Edward Felder, Jacob Fanbach, John Guentert, Heinrich Grobe, John H Gartis, Joseph Hittler, George Hess, Erhard Eager, Philip Haberbusch, Havier Heinberger, Carl Hartman, Armand Kraeger, Martin Kampeler, Henry Knuer, Christian Loesch, Jacob Loesch, Phihp Linneman, Henry Langenderfer, Joseph.. Loesch, John W Langer, Christian Meyer, Henry Muening, John Mittmann, August Miller, George Metzger, George Myer, Conrad Mueller, Jacob Mayer, Frederick Nelio, Lewis ._. Oetgel, Valentine Philipar, Frederick Puck, Henry Kufly, John Reger, Elois Riegar, Leonhard Schmidt, William Saflfel, Frederick Schwartz, Louis Steiamger, George Sauppe, Ernst Schmidt, Jacob Sebach, Julius Scheninghamer, Fred'k Schneider, Mathias Schneider, John Saamorzaum, Jacob Schumacher, Leon Schneider, Peter Schneider, Carl Thome, Peter Twaerenbold. Joseph".. Volget, George Weiss, John L Weber, George I Walter Christian ...1 Witzler, Michael I Weber, Marcus Weber, Valentine I Young, John '_ Zeigler, Frederick Zeutgraf, George Zimmerman, Samuel Ra7ik. Private. Date 0/ Entering the Service. Mar. Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. 29,1864 6, 1862 16,1862 ,1862 1864 ,1862 ,186: ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ',186: ,186 ,1864 ,186 i,186: ;,186 ',186 ',186 ,186: :,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,1862 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,1862 ,186 ,186: ,186 186 ,186: i,186 •,186 ,186: ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186: ;,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 ,186 Semarks. Mustered out May, 1865, order War Department. Mustered out May, 1865, order War Department. Mustered out May, 1865, order War Department. Mustered out May, 1864, to date September, 1864. Mustered out June, I860, order War Department. Discharged, January, 1863, Louisville, Surg, certificate. Discharged, January, 1863, Louisville, Surg, certificate. Discharged, Jan. 14, '63, Louisville, Ky., Surg, certf. Died June 27, '63, hosp., Jefi'erson Barracks, St. Louis. Mustered out Co. August 1865; veteran. Wd. July, 1864, bat. Vicksburg; mustered out Co.; vet. Wd. battle Atlanta; no further record. Cap. battle Atlanta; exchanged; m. o. June, 1865; vet. Mustered out March, '65, Cleveland, O., Surg, certif. Mustered out Sept., 1864, Ea.st Point, Ga., exp. term. Mustered out Co. August, 1865; veteran. Mustered out September, 1864, expiration term. Mustered out May, 1865, order War Department. Died July, 1863, hosp. Benton Barracks, wds. in action. Discharged February 26, 1865, on Surg, certificate. Cap. Aug., '64. action Atlanta; d. May, '65, Columbus, O. Died hospital July, 1863, near Vicksburg. Mustered outSept.'64, East Point, Ga., expiration term. Mustered out Co. August, 1865; veteran. Died March, 1862, at Clifton, West Virginia. Died Aug., 18(;4, of wounds Julv, 1864, near Atlanta. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Co. F, February 28, 1862. Died February, 1863, hospital Young's Point, La. Mustered out Sept., 1864, East Point; expiration term. Wd. May, 1863, Vicksburg, disc. July, '64, Surg, certif. Discharged July, 1864, Cleveland, G., Surg, certificate. Transferred to Vet. Res. Corps December, 1863. Trans, to Vet. Res. C.;m. o. September, 1864; exp. term. On muster-in roll; no further record. Died Nov. 26, 1863, wounds Nov., 1863, Mission Ridge. Discharged March, 1863, Louisville, Ky., Surg, certif. Mustered out Sept., '64, East Point, Ga., exp. term. Died July, 1862, Flat Top Tannery, Virginia. Mustered out Sept., 1864, East Point, Ga., exp. term. Wd. August, 1864, Jonesboro; mustered out May, 1865. Mustered out May 28, 1865, order War Department. Mustered out Sept. 1864, East Point, Ga., exp. term. Mustered out Company August 7, 1865; veteran. Mustered out Company August 7, 1865; veteran. Mustered out Company August 7, 1865; veteran. Drowned July, 1863, in Ohio River, near Gallipolis. Died July 26, 1864, wounds July 23, 1864, Atlanta. Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. Transferred to Signal Corps, August, I860. Discharged Jan., 63, near Louisville, Ky., Surg, certif. Captured in action; died Feb., '64, in Richmond Prison. Mustered out September 21, 1864, expiration term. Died November 29, 1861, at Cannelton, West Virginia. Discharged Jan. 20, 1863, Louisville, Ky., Surg, certif. Discharged Jan. 6, '63, Louisville, Ky., Surg, certificate. On muster-in roll; no further record. Missed July, '64, bat. Atlanta; m. o. Jan., '65; exp. term. Mustered out Sept. 1864, East Point, Ga., exp. term. Discharged ]\Iay 8, 1863, Louisville, Surg, certificate. Discharged Sept. 22, '64, Columbus. O., Surg, certificate. Mustered out September 24, 1864; exp. term. Mustered out September 28, 1864, exp. term. Cap. July, '(i4, Atlanta; d. Jan. '65, Rebel Prison, Florence Discharged January, 1863, Louisville, Surg, certificate. Mustered out Co. August, 1865; veteran. Mustered out September 28, 1865, exp. term. Died September, '64, wds. August, '64, Jonesboro; vet. Discharged July, 1862. Clifton, W. Va., Surg, certificate. Discharged January, 1863, Louisville, Surg, certificate. THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. 169 COMPANY K. Naiiu^. F. M. Stumpf Theodore Voges William Kenig Herman Rosenbaum Andrew Huber Jacob F. Mery Joseph Siet'ert George W. Temme Sebaldns Hossler William Weiss John Fischer George Weber Peter Grossman Philip Pflster Adolph Wolff Jaroslaus Wandtte Anton Naas George Weber Rudolph Haney Ferdinand Jeite Jacob Stahl William Birkenhauer __ George Dillman Ludwig Theobold Charles Boegehold Christian Stuormor Allglier, John Anneshausley, Henry __ Baumann, Freiderick _. Bartholomy, Daniel Benden, Henry Bruenesholf, Joseph Brick, Henry Bonner, Nicholas Beck, William Blanke, Louis Buchrer, Conrad Curie, Charles Clauss, William Ditto, Martin Eisele, Charles Eichhorn, George Frey, Victor Frey, Joseph Frohbatlo, Henry Goetsinger, Michael Greb, Hubertus Gerster, Henry Gilbert, Jacob Huebbler, Joseph Hersig, Jacob Hartman, Henry Hanselman, Wendelin_ Halamer, George Harbaum, Henry Hotlmeyer, Henry Hulscher, Charles Jhsen, Theodore Kitner, Jacob Keller, John Kutzley, Barnhard Keip, Friederick . Klatzel, Nicolaus Kossandy, George Keller, Freiderick Keiser, Christian Keller, John Hank. Captain. (1 1st Lieut. (( 2d Lieut. (( 1st iSergt. (( II Sergeant. (( u II a Corporal. Musician. Wagoner. Private. 38 34 34 26 29 27 24 32 21 25 22 18 21 31 28 43 18 26 21 27 38 22 19 19 15 22 27 26 25 25 36 36 46 18 20 22 24 28 22 18 31 21 18 45 40 25 34 22 21 25 23 36 18 26 37 20 35 32 34 25 21 25 49 37 21 45 41 Date of Entering the Service. Feb. 15, 1862 Aug. 12, 1861 Oct. 22, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Oct. 2, 1861 Aug. 18, 1861 Aug. 10, 1861 Nov. 15, 1S61 Sept. 12, 1861 Nov. 7, 1861 Oct. 5, 1861 Sept. 4,1862 Nov. 7, 1861 Oct. 15, 1861 Nov. 20, 1861 Nov. 9,1861 Oct. 4, 1861 Sept. 25,1861 Nov. 3, 1861 Oct. 3, 1861 Oct. 10, 1861 Sept. 1, 1862 Sept. 4,1862 Oct. 3, 1861 Nov. 11,1861 Oct. 3, 18fil Aug. 25, 1862 Mch. 7, 1862 Jan. 8, 1864 Sept. 10, 1861 Aug. 1, 1864 Jan. 3, 1862 Sept. 25,1861 Oct. 3, 1861 Sept. 15, 1862 Sept. 1, 1862 Dec. 21, 1863 Sept. 4, 1862 Aug. 31, 1862 Sept. 4, 1862 Dec. 20, 1863 Nov. 7, 1861 Nov. 10, 1861 Nov. 10, 1861 Oct. 5, 1861 Dec. 21, 1863 Oct. 3, 1861 Mch. 7, 1862 Aug. 6, 1862 Oct. 10, 1861 Dec. 28, 1863 May 13, 1864 Sept.25, 1861 Aug. 29, 1862 Nov. 20, 1861 Nov. 8, 1861 Sept. 30, 1861 Nov. 16, 1861 May 13, 1864 Sept. 4, 1862 Sept. 4, 1862 Sept.l2, 1862 Dec. 22, 1863 Jan. 4, 1862 Oct. 31, 1861 Oct. 3, 1861 Feb. 11, 1862 lieinarks. From 1st Lt. Sept. 1862; to Co. D, September, 1862. From 1st Lt. Co. H, Dec. '62; disc. Nov. '63, Surg. ctf. Pro. Capt. April, 1864; m. o. with company. Resigned November 9, 1862. From 2d Lieut. Co. B, Nov. '62; to Capt. Co. D, Apr. '62. From 1st Lieut. Co. I, Jan. 18()5; m. o. company; vet. Pro. to 1st Lieut. Co. G, May 28, 1862. From 1st Sergt. Co. F, Apr. '62; 1st Lt. Co. E, Nov.'62. From 1st Sergt. Dec. 20, '(i2; com. 1st Lt., not mustered; killed at Resaca, May 10, 1864. Mustered out October, 1S64, expiration term. Ap. 1st Sergt. Oct. '64; m. o. May, '65, or. War. Dept. Ap. 1st Sergt. June, '(i5; m. o. company; veteran. In hospital; mustered out June, 1865; veteran. Ap. Sergt. Mar, 1862; disc. Aug. '63, Surg, certificate. Ap. Sergt. June, 1863; killed at Vicksburg, June, 1863. A p. Sergt. June, 1863; killed Aug. 6, '64, near Atlanta. From Corp.; m. o. Sept. 1864, expiration term. Ap. Sergt. Jan. 1865; m. o. company Aug. '65; veteran. Ap. March, 1864; killed June, 1864, Kenesaw Mt.; vet. Ap. Nov. 1862; died Aug. 1863, in Regt. hospital. Mustered out May 30, 18()5, order War Dept. Mustered out May 30, 1865, order War Dept. Ap. Corp. Feb. 1864; m. o. company Aug. 65; veteran. Veteran. Veteran. Mustered out May, 1865, order War Department. Captured July, 1S64, battle Atlanta; no further record. Mustered out with company August 7, 1865. Returned to company from Prin. Musician; veteran. On muster-in roll; no further record. Mustered out Sept. 2(), 1864, expiration term. Mustered out Oct. 19, 1864, expiration term. Mustered out May 30, 1865, order War Dept. Mustered out May 30, 1865, order War Dept. VVd. Aug. 1864, in action at East Point; m. o. June, '65. Died Aug. 6, 1864, wounds at battle Atlanta, July, '64. Mustered out May 30, 1865, order War Dept. Trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps, April 4, 1864. Died Sept. 1, '65, of wounds at Jonesboro, Aug. 31, '64. Mustered out January 26, 1865, expiration term. Died Nov. 21, 1863, on march near Chattanooga. Discharged Feb. 3, 1863, on Surgeon's certificate. Discharged Gctober 15, 1862, on Surgeon's certificate. Mustered out with company August 7, 1865. Wd. May, '62, bat. Princeton; dis. Feb. '63, Surg. ctf. Mustered out April 19, 1865, expiration term. Mustered out May 30, 1865, order War Dept. Mustered out with company Aug. 7, 1865; veteran. Mustered out with com[iany August 7, 1865. Absent sick; m. o. Aug. 1865, order War Dept. From Co. H, Nov. '61; d. Sept. '63,Camp Sherman, Miss. Wd. May, 1862, bat. Princton; disc. Aug. 1862. Mustered out Nov. 26, 1864, expiration term. Mustered out Sept. 3(1, 1864, expiration term. Discharged April 14, 1864, Surgeon's certificate. Mustered;! out with company August 7, 1.S65. Died July 11, 1863, at Memphis, Tenn. Died June 11, 1863, wds. near Vicksburg, May 19, 1863. Died at Toledo, June 3, 1863. D. Aug. '64, Jetl'ville, Ind, of wds. Resaca, May, 1864. Discharged Sept. 1, 1863, on Surgeon's certificate. Discharged July, 1862, on Surgeon's certificate. Discharged Jan. 30, 1863, on Surgeon's certificate. 170 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. yames. Kraigor, Fricderick Kiebs, Frank Lindhardt, Christian... Loch. Alois Lauber, Joachim Lothes, John Matler, Joseph Shiver, John Mfisler. Martin Jloritz, Joseph Jlook, John Mueller, Christian Mueller, Max Nohl, A.John Nohl, Jacob Philliis, Friederick Pfeipfer, Nicolaus Racharter, Christian Riedy, Jacob Ritter, Adam Ruhl, Elias _. Rottenberg, Henry Riichrath, Adam Rottax. Philip Schatlner, Sebastian Schueeberger, George__ Sines, John Schroeder, Andreas Stilbler, August Schilling, Andreas Sass, John Stelzer, Christian Sodaier, Aaron Schickler, Adam Steinerman, Jacob Tundt. Frank Theobold, Jacob Truijr, Michael Thomas. John Udick, Jacob Voegeli, Oswold Yoelker, Nicolaus Vongunter, Christian ._ Walscher, George Welke, Ludwig Wenger, .Joseph Wengler. Jacob Wenninger, Lorenz Wenninger, George Weber, John Zimmer, Michael Rank. Private. Date of Entering the Service. Mch Oct. Nov. Nov. Oct. Sept. Dec. Dec. Aug. Nov. Nov. Sept, Nov. Dec. Aug. Sept, Feb. Sept, Sept, Sept, Oct. Nov. Oct. Oct. Dec. Mch Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. Nov. Feb. Nov. Aug. Dec. Dec. Sept, Sept Sept, Sept, Sept, Feb. Sept, Dec. Sept. Sept, Sept, Nov. Aug. Aug. Nov. .2.5,1862 3, 1801 7, 1861 7, 1S61 25, 1861 ,25, 1861 22, 186:'. 18, 1863 1,1864 16, 1861 16,1861 . 4, 18(i2 16, 1861 30, 1861 8,1862 . 4, 1862 28. 1862 . 1,1862 . 4,1862 .23, 1861 8, 1861 9, 1861 3, 1861 10, 1861 15, 1863 21,1864 ,.11,1862 15, 1S61 9, 1861 9, 1861 9, 1861 25, 1862 9, 1861 25, 1862 18. 1863 18, 1863 . 4,1862 , 4, 1862 . 4,1862 . 2, 1861 . 2, 1861 12, 1862 . 1,1862 20, 1863 , 7, 1861 , 6,1862 . 4, 1862 14 1861 , 9,1862 ,27,1862 , 14, 1861 Ranarks. Mustered out May 25, 1865, expiration term. Transferred to JMarine Brigade, June 27, 1863. Killed May 16, 18(i2, at battle of Princeton, W. Va. Killed May 19, 1863, in action near Vicksburg. Killed Mav 16, 1862, in battle at Princeton, W. Va. Died Mayi '62, Raleigh, Va. of wds. atPrinceton,W.Va. Mustered out with company August 7, 1865. Mustered out with company August 7, 1865. Discharged Jan. 16, 1863, on Surgeon's certificate. Discharged Jan. 14, 1863, on Surgeon's certificate. Mastered out May 20, 1865, order War Dept. Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, Nov. 15, 1863. Mustered out June 21, 1865, order War Dept. Mustered out May 30, 1865, order War. Dept. Appointed Acting Assistant Surgeon, June 29, 1863. Died Aug. 13, '64, near Atlanta, wds. there, Aug. 12,'64. Trans, from Co. I ; disc. July, 186.3, Surg, certificate. Discharged July 22, 1863, Surgeon's certificate. Missing bat. Princeton; disc. Dec. 1863, Surg. ctf. Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps Nov. 7, 1863. Mustered out Oct. 13, 1864, expiration term. Mustered out with company August 7, 1865. Mustered out with company August 7, 1865. Died June 2, 1864, at Bryan, Ohio. Discharged August 24, 1863, Surgeon's certificate. Wd. May 19, '63, Vicksburg; dis. Aug. '63, Surg. ctf. Mustered out June 25, 1865, Surgeon's certificate. Mustered out May 30, 1865, order War Dept. Wd. at Jonesboro, Aug. 1.S64; mustered outMay 18,'65. Mu.stered out with company August 7, 1865. Died -luneO, 18(i3, Young's Point, La. Discharged Jan. 6, 1S63, on Surgeon's certifiaate. Clustered out Ma\- 30, 1865, order War Dept. Trans, from Co. H, Sept. 1862; disc, order VVar Dept. Mustered out with company Aug. 7, 1 865; veteran. Mustered out May 30, 1865, order War Dept. Mustered out with comi)any August 7, 18(i5. From Co. K, April, 18(12; killed at Princeton, Mav, '62. Died at Milliken's Bend, La. April 29, 1863. Wd. and cap. at Princeton; dis. Dec. 1862, S\irg. ctf. Mustered out May 30, 1865, order War Dept. Mustered out May 30, 1865, order War Dept. Missing bat. Atlanta; m. o. company Aug. 7, '65; vet. THE WAR OF THE REBELLION — FIELD WORK. 171 POETY-SEVBNTH REGIMENT, OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. THREE-YEARS' SERVICE. This Regiment took active and iionorable part in the folh)wing liatlics ; Jackson, Mississippi. ViCK.SBURG, MiSSI.SSIPPI. Lewisburg, Virginia. Chakleston, Virginia. TuscuMBiA, Alabama. Mission Eidge, Georgia. The Regiment was organized at Cani]i Den- nison August 13, 1861. The circumstances attending the work of recruiting and organ- izing were unusually embarrassing, and caus- ing much delay and discouragement with the men. Two months were spent in getting the several Companies tilled and readj' for Regi- mentiil muster. It was said that 13 Nation- alities were represented in the command, Americans and Germans constituting much the larger portions. But one Company (I) was from Toledo. Of that the Captain was llanaiiiah D. Pugh, the First Lieutenant Horace A. Egbert, from August 28, 1861, until drowned in West Virginia, October 9, 1861, when Alonzo Kingsbury succeeded him ; and the Second Lieutenant Herbert Stejer. The Colonel was Frederick Poschner, jr., a Hungarian Patriot who took part in revolu- tionary operations in Hungary in 1848, hav- ing previously been an officer in the Prussian Army. The Lieutenant- Colonel was Lyman S. Elliott, of Michigan ; and the Major, Augus- tus C. Parry, of Cincinnati. The Regiment's first rendezvous was at Camp Clay, in the Eastern suburbs of Cin- cinnati, June 10, 1861. August 27th, its organi- zation having been perfected, it was ordered to Clarksburg, West Virginia, to report to General Roseerans. August 29th it was fully equipped for the iield. At Weston, the Regi- ment was divided. Companies A, B, C, D, H and K, under the Colonel and Major, joining the main Army ; leaving E, F, G and I, under Lieutenant-Colonel Elliott,to guard the Village. Colonel Poschner, at BuUtown, was brigaded with the Ninth and Twenty-Eighth Ohio, under Colonel Robert L. McCook, whose com- mand was familiarly known as the " Bully Dutch Brigade." At Sutton Company B was left as re-enforcement to the garrison, the re- Knoxville, Tennessee. Resaca, Georgia. Dallas, Georgia. Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia. Atlanta, Georgia. Jonesboro, Tennessee. mainder of Colonel Posclmi'r's men nujving for- ward and taking part in (ho battle of Carnilex Ferry. September 2-tth the Brigade crossed Gauley River and advanced on Big Sewell Mountain, where the Regiment sulfered al- most beyond description, the result of exces- sive rains whereby supplies were denied them for a long time The men were in for a lively time. They were on quarter rations and without clothing to make them comfortable ; and were finally forced to retire to Gauley Bridge, Colonel McCook's Brigade being as- signed to camp about six miles to the East. While there the Forty-Seventh with the Ninth Ohio cro.ssed the New River to Fayette C. H. and destroyed valuable Rebel property. For four days the Regiment sulfered from incessant cannonading from FI03 d's Rebel force across the River, but Captain Mack's ten-pounder Parrotts finally silenced the enemy's guns, and he retreated, when the Forty-Seventh went into winter quarters at Gaulej' Mountain. A letter from Captain Pugh, Co. I, of date of Jan- uary 25th, 18G2, gave an account of a visit he had made eight miles from Camp Gauley Mountain, to see an " old Virginian," 91 years of age. He liad lived in the place 73 years — was an old hunter and Indian-fighter, who had personally known Daniel Boone and other noted pioneers. He was a strong Union raan, and denounced the Secessionists roundly. At his advanced age, he was able to read the finest print without glasses. On the 19th September, Lieutenant-Colonel Elliott, with three Companies of the Regiment, had marched to Cross Lanes, to relieve the Thirteenth Ohio and Schneider's Battery, and succeeded in ridding the country of guerrilla bands. His force performed active and severe work, by night and by day, and did much to 8uj)portand protect loj'al citizens. The Regiment was re-united at Gauley Mountain December 5, 1861, and began a 172 HfSTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. line of fortifications covering Gauley Eidge and the Kanawha Valley, which it occupied until April, 1862, with the exception of one week, when it took part in an expedition to Little Sewell Mountain to drive the Eebels from their quarters, whose works were de- stroje2; dis. January 19, 1864. Pro. 2d Lieut. B, Jan. 1863; trans. Co. D, Sept. 14, 1863. Pro. 1st Lieut. Jan. 1865; m. u. with Co. Aug. 186.5. Discharged August 26, 1862. Pro. 2d Lieut. Nov. 29, 1862; resigned Nov. 1864. Appointed Corpl. Mar. 1862; Sergt. Oct. 1862; IstSergt. Mar. 1864; mustered out with company; veteran. Mustered out with company, August 15, 1865; veteran. Mustered out with company, August 15, 1865; veteran. Died July 15, 1863, from wounds. Captured July 22, 1864, b.attle of Atlanta; veteran. Veteran. Discharged June, 1862. on Surgeon's certificate. Mustered out August 20, 1864, expiration of term. Transferred to Vet. Res. Corps, October 30, 1864. Mustered out with company, August 11, 1885; veteran. Mustered out with company, August 11, 1865; veteran. Mustered out with company, August 11, 1865; veteran. Mustered out with company, August 11, 1865; veteran. Mustered out with company, August 11, 1865; veteran. Mustered out with company, August 11, 1865; veteran. Killed July 22, 1864, at Atlanta. Died July, 1863, at Louisyille, Ky. Appointed Corporal January 1, 1862. Mustered out Nov. 10, 1864, expiration of term. Mustered out with company, August, 1865. Captured July, 1864. battle of Atlanta; veteran. Discharged Feb. 20, 1863, Gallipolis, 0.,Sur. certificate. Injured by falling tree, June 22, 1H63, at Vicksburg. Dis. June, 1865; wounded July 22, 1864, Atlanta; vet. Mustered out August 20, 1864, expiration of term. Absent sick since June, 1864, at Columbus. Mustered out with company, August, 1865. Died in hosp. Mav, 1863, at Young's Point, La. Died July 22, 1862, in Fayette Co., Va. Discharged from hospital at Gallipolis, O. Discharged Oct. 19, 1862, Gallipolis, O. Surg, certificate. Mustered out August 20, 1864, expiration of term. Mustered out August 20, 1864, expiration of term. Killed May 19, 1863, in assault at Vicksburg. Killed May 19, 1863, in assault at Vicksburg. 174 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Names. Gonicer (Goinearl.Henry Gilson, Deary (DeiTy)_. Gillson, Norman Geary, Miles Ilall,' John Henwood, John AV Ilinkle, .Ararfin Hall, Samuel Hicks, David H Havens, George Hazlewood, John ITiuUllemeyer, Frederick Jacobs, Julius Kirk, George Ladoe (Ladue), Ezra Lillis, William Morris, John J Mason, Wm. J JIcGrath, Thomas Mangle, Jacob Moore, Thomas Morrow, Joseph McDowell. Wm H Morreau, Joseph Oberfell (Oberfield),John Osborn, Blanchard Patton, Andrew Patterson, Sylvester Partland, James Perry, Robert B Partlin, James Parker, Mark Palmer, Levi Kobertson, John Rice, Wm. P Shriner, Paul Stedman, Clark Stedman, Horace Sturdivant, Cautious . _. Stone, Elijah J Satterly, Horace Squires, Edgar A Treadway. Martin V Varin, John Woods, Edward Wood, Garret V White, Jacob Washner, Jerry Wmchell, Benjamin Wiley, Lorenzo Rmk. Private. Bate of Entering the. Service. June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 Aug. 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 Aug. 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 Aug. 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 Nov. 1,1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 Aug. 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 Aug. 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 Aug. 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 Aug. 15, 1861 June 15, 1861 Ranarks. Mustered out witli company, August, 1865; veteran. Died at Weston, Va. Mustered out August 20, 1864, expiration of term. Mustered out with Company, August 11, 1865; veteran. Killed Sept. 13, 1862, In action at Charleston, Va. Died September, 1802. Discharged October 16, 1862, on Surgeon's certificate. Mustered out August 20, 1864, expiration of term. Captured July, 1864, battle Atlanta; m. o. exp. of term. Killed May 22, 1863, siege of Vick.sburg. Mustered out August 20, 1864, expiration of term. Cap. July, 1864, bat. Atlanta; m. o. with Co.; veteran. Discharged Oct. 1862, G^llipolis, Surgeon's certificate. Mustered out with company, August 11, 1865; veteran. Mustered out with company, Augu.st 11, 1865; veteran. Died November 4, 1863, at Memphis. Tenn. Discharged October 11, 1862. Mustered out August 20, 1864, expiration of term. Transferred to Vet. Res. Corps, Septendjer 1, 1803. Mustered out August 20, 1864, expiration of term. Mustered out August 20, 1864, expiration of term. Died December 26, 1862, Charleston, Va. Died July 8, 1863, in hospital at Vicksburg. Discharged October 7, 1862. on Surgeon's certificate. Mustered out August 20, 1804, expiration of term. Died of wounds at assault of Vicksb\irg, May, 1803. Promoted Q. M. Sergt. May 1, 1864. Mustered out with company August 11, 1865; veteran. Died September 4, 1861, in West Virginia. Died September 20, 1803, Camp Sherman, Miss. Died March 14, 1862, at Gauley Mountain, Va. Died September 1, 1863. Discharged August, 1862, on Surgeon's certificate. Transferred to Vet. Res. Corps, September 1, 1862. Died Mav 19, '64, of wounds at Resaca, May, 1864. Killed at battle of Atlanta, July 22, 1864. Mustered out August 20, 1864, expiration of term. Discliarged Oct. 15, 1803, at Vicksburg, on promotion. Died July 7, 1865, at Sylvania, O. Discharged April, 1862, on Surgeon's certificate. Discharged October 4, 1862, Gallipolis, Surgeon's etf. Discharged at Gallipolis, on Surgeon's certificate. SIXTY-SEVENTH EEGIMENT, OHIO VOLUNTEBE INFANTEY. This Eegiment was constituted of the frac- tional Eegiments — the Forty-Fifth and Sixty- Seventh, and loft Camp Chase January 19, 1862, for We.st Virginia, where it passed under command of General F. W. Lander. The month of February was chiefly spent at Paw Paw Tunnel, the only movement outside being a march to Bloomery Gap. March 5th it moved to Winchester, joining the Division of General Shields, where it had frequent skir- mishes on the picket-line with Ashby'.s Cavalry. THREE YEARS' SERVICE. March 22d, the Eegiment joined Banks' command at Winchester, and was soon en- gaged with the Eebels, driving them until into the night and as far South as Kearnstown. The men lay on their arms all night, and the next morning were the first to engage the eu- emy. The Infantry fighting liaving fairly opened, the Eegiment was ordered to re-enforce General Tyler's Brigade, to do which it was necessary to pass an open field, exposed to the enemy's tire lor three-fourths of a mile, which THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. 175 was done in double-quick, the command com- ing into action in fine order. In that action the Regiment lost 15 killed and 32 wounded. From that time until the last of June following, it rendered severe service in the marches to and fro in the Shenandoah Valley, over the mountains and back, from the Potomac to Har- risonburg, from Front Royal to Fredricks- burg, Fredericksburg to Manassas, Manassas to Port Republic, and thence to Alexandria. June 29th, the Regiment took passage bj' water for the James, to re-enforce McClcllan. On the night of the 30th, when near the mouth of Chesapeake Bay, the troops were subject to great peril and distress, in consequence of the parting of the Steamer and Barge, from a severe storm. Men, horses, arms and other ecjuipage were swept overboard, and it was nearly an hour before the two crafts could be re-attached. The Regiment at Harrison's Landing camjiaigned with the Potomac Army until the evacuation of the Peninsula, when, with only 300 men for duty out of 850, it went to Suffolk, Yirginia. While there it was per- mitted the first opportunity for rest and drill. Late in December following it was transferred to North Carolina and to Hilton Head, reaching the latter February 1, 18G3. It shared liber- ally in the Charleston expedition, landing at Cole's Island April 2d. From that time until November, it heroically met all the hardships, l^rivations and dangers of the extraordinary siege, and was specially prominent in the san- guinary attack on Fort Wagner, sustaining heavy loss at different times. Its term of service having exj)ired, the Regi- ment re-enlisted with creditable unanimity, and returned to Ohio, reaching Toledo, Feb- ruary 20, 18G4, where it was welcomed with great enthusiasm by the peof)le, whose spokes- man, M. R. Waite (now Chief Justice), ad- dressed them in appropriate terms, and was responded to by Colonel Voris It so hap- pened that the First Regiment, O. V. M., had arranged for the commemoration of Washing- ton's Birthday, at that time, whicii fact added much to the interest of the occasion. De- positing their guns at Hanks' Hall, the Regiment marched to the Oliver House for dinner. The Regiment's furlough having expired, it left Toledo for the field March 24, 1864, reach- ing Bermuda Hundred, Yirfrinia, under Gen- eral B. F. Butler. May ()th. On theflth it was detached as guard for tlic right flank of the Tenth Corps, which had gone to destroy the Railroad between Chester and Pcter.sburg. During the night the Rebels were re-enforced, and the next morning made a general attack ; but the Regiment maintained its position to the last, presenting an unbroken front to four successive charges. The day was made mem- orable with the Regiment by the glorious, though sad, ordeal to which it was there sub- jected. Its killed and wounded numbered 65, officers and men. On the 20th of May, a por- tion of the Union lines having fallen into the hands of the Rebels, the Sixty-Seventh, with other Regiments, was designated to recapture it, which they did by a charge which cost the Regiment 60 officers and men killed antl wounded. The Rebel General W. H. S. Walker was wounded and captured, his sword being taken as a trophj-. August 16th, four Com])a- nies of the Regiment charged the Rebel rifle- jjits at Deep River, and at the first volley lost one-third of its men ; but the position was gained before the enemy could re-load. On the 7th, 13th, 27th and 28th of October, the Regiment was again engaged with the Rebels, losing over 100 of its force. During the Spring and Summer of 1864, it many times confronted the enemy, always within range of their guns; and it is stated by officers qualified to judge, that during the year it was under fire 200 times. Danger seemed to attend its every movement. For weeks at a time, the men wore their accouterments. Of over 6(MI mus- kets taken out in the Spring, fully 360 were laid aside during the year on account of casualties. In the spring of 1865, the Regiment partici- pated in the assault on the Rebel works below Petersburg; on April 2d was foremost in the charge at Fort Gregg; and at Ajjpomattox C, H, was "in at the death," bearing its battle- flag proudly in the last fight with Lee's once proud Army of Northern Virginia. May 5th, the Regiment garrisoned the District of South Anna, Virginia, till December, 1865. Mean- time the Sixty-Second Ohio was consolidated with it, the latter retaining its organization. The Sixty-Seventh was mustered out December 12th, lacking onl}' six dajs of a Regimental ex- istence of four j'ears, and with but two of its original officers left. It had ijiven Colonels to 176 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. four Eegiraents (111th, 120th, 182d and 184th Ohio); and furnished one Brevet Major-Gen- eral and two Brevet Brigadier-Generals. Among the brave men of this Kegiment killed in the battles of May 9 and 10, 1864, near Petersburg, was First Lieutenant George M. Ballard, Company I. He was a son of James Ballard, Toledo, and a young man of superior endowments. His last words to a fi-iend on leaving Toledo, after having re-en- listed, were: "If you hear nothing else from me, I hope you will hear that I did my duty." The next intelligence of him received by that friend, was, that he had been shot down in battle, in the place where a superior oflScer had placed him, and while taking aim at Eebels within five rods of him. Indeed, he " did his duty." His remains were brought to Toledo, where they were buried June 3d, fi'om the resi- dence of the family, 29 ISTorth street. In February, 1865, private David Conlisk, Company £, Sixth-Seventh Ohio, was home at Toledo on a furlough of 20 days. On his fur- lough was this endorsement by Major-General Gibbons, commanding First Division, ap- proved by Major-General Ord, commanding the Corps : " Furlough granted for 20 days, for being the best-appearing Soldier in the First Division, Twenty-Fourth Army Corps, on in- spection, February 2,1865." The significance of such endorsement will be appreciated when it is understood how it was gained. Examina- tion was made in each Eegiment for the man best skilled in handling the musket and whose arms and accouterments were in best condi- tion ; such Soldier was sent to Brigade head- quarters, where he met like competitors ft'om the other Regiments; after which the best was sent to Division headquarters, where he was compared with representatives from the other Brigades, the whole being examined and drilled about two hours in the most thorough manner. Through all this rigid scrutin}- and relentless test, did David Conlisk come out triumphant, to win the distinction of being " the best-appear- ing Soldier in the First Division, Twenty- Fourth Army Corps." Until this furlough he had never been absent a day from his Com- pany (over three years); had been in all the battles of the Eegiment ; and had never re- ceived an injury in the service. In this connection, it may be stated, that about the same time, examination was made to ascertain which Regiment in each Brigade of the same Division was in the best condition and madethebest appearance, when itappeared that the Sixty-Seventh won such honor in its Brigade. A similar examination for the Di- vision, had the same result. Whereupon, that command was entitled to relief from picket duty and outside details for two weeks; but in the spirit of the true Soldier, the men volun- tarily offered to perform their regular labor, and thus relieve the other Regiments of ad- ditional service, very severe at that season of the year. The losses sustained by the Sixty-Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, as officially reported bj' Colonel A. C. Voris, at the close of the War, were as follows : At Winchester, Virginia, March 23, 18(52, lost 47. At Morris Island, South Carolina, July 10, 1863 ; Fort Wagner, South Carolina, July 18, 1863; and siege of Morris Island, South Carolina, July, August and September, 1863, lost 133. At Chester Station, Virginia, May 10, 1864, lost 76. At Weir Bottom Church, Virginia, May 20, 1864, lost 70. At Bermuda Hundred, Virginia, May, June, July and August, 1864, lost 22. At Deep Run, Virginia, August 14 and 16, 1864, lost 44. At Petersburg, Virginia, August and September, 1S64, lost 1.5. At Newmarket Heights, Virginia, September 29, 1864, lost 2. At Darbytown, Virginia, October 13, 1864, lost 62. At Charleston Road, Virginia, October 27 and 28, 1864, lost 28. At Petersburg, Fort Gregg, Virginia, April 2, 1865, lost 66. At Appomattox C. H., Virginia, April 9, 1865, lost 8. These aggregate 577. Colonel Voris stated that losses sustained on other occasions would swell the aggregate to over 600. March 23, 1867, the survivors of the Sixty- Seventh commemorated the anniversary of the first battle of Winchester, March 23, 1862, at the American House, Toledo. In that severe engagement — one of the fiercest of the War — the Sixty-Seventh bore a conspicuous part and suffered severely. The Eebels lost 800 killed and wounded, and 500 captured. Battery H, First Ohio Artillery, was also prominent in the tight. The enemy were under command of General T. J. Jackson, who on that occasion received the name of " Stonewall," from having fought in part from behind a stone-wall. On THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. 177 this occasion toasts were responded to by Gen- C.Lewis; Surgeon S. P. Forbes; R. 0, Lemmon, eral John R. Bond (Major of the Sixty-Seventh Esq.; Sergeant Wm. Corlett (Battery H.) '; at the battle); M. R. Waite; Adjutant R.J. Captain J. J. Weaver, and Color-Sergeant Mc- Hathaway ; Adjutant John Faskin; Captain C. Donald. STAFF OF SIXTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Names. Otto Burstenbinder Alvin C. Voris Alvin C. Voris John R. Bond Henry S. Commager Lewis Cas.s Hunt Plenry R. We.st John R. Bond Henry S. Commager Edwin S. Piatt Lewis Butler . Thomas J. Piatt Samuel F. Forbes James Westfall James Westfall C. Costan Joseph H. Van Deman. A. S. Combs John Crabbs Rank. Colonel. Lieut. Colonel. (( Major. K tl Surgeon. (t Asst. Surgeon. ({ (( Chaplain. Date of Entering the Service. Oct. 17,1861 Oct. 17, 1861 Oct. 2, 1861 July 29, 1862 Aug. 28, 1862 Mar. 18, 1865 Oct. 1, 1861 July 29, 1862 Aug. 28, 1862 Jan. 13, 1863 Oct. 10, 1861 Oct. 7, 1863 Jan. 9, 1862 Apr. 24, 1862 May 9, 1863 Nov. 3, 1861 Jan. 15, 1862 Remarks. Dismissed July 29, 1862. Mustered out with Regiment. Promoted to Colonel. Mustered out August 28, 1862. Mustered out for promotion February 7, 1863. Mustered out September 1, 1865. Mustered out with Regiment. Promoted to Lieutenant Colonel. Promoted to Lieutenant Colonel. Resigned January 13, 1863. Discharged for promotion October 10, 1864. Mustered out with Regiment. Resigned October 13, 1863. Mustered out with Regiment. Promoted to Surgeon. Resigned March 6, 1863. Commission returned. Mustered out May 16, 1865. Resigned July 7, 1864. ROSTER OF COMPANY A. Navies. Theodore J. Curtis Henry S. Commager _ Lewis C. Hunt George (J. Tappan Cluarles F. Handy Charles L. Stevens Harvey Aldrich Andrew J. Bowman _ Geo. W. Baker Alva Howe James S. Baxter John L. Yeamans Wm. R. Lucas Homer Sawver Wm. H. Sindle John T. Bailey James Brocken. Geo. AV. E. Conklin . Robert Fairchilds Joseph Hughes Horace Man.sfleld Wm. Price Samuel Peck Vinson Smith"' Theodore Sebring Royal C. Stevens, Wm. Waffle John Alexander Albert Borne Arthur Borton Rank. Captain. (( (( 1st Lieut. (( (( (( 2d Lieut. u (C 1st Sergt. (( it Sergeant. Corporal. 44 Oct. 8, 1861 20 23 Nov. 19,1861 Oct. 28, 1861 21 Nov. 5,1861 '32" Oct7277is6i Date Qj Entering tlie Service. Remarks. Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov. Oct. 'Vug. Nov. Oct. Sept. Nov. Nov. Aug. Nov. Nov. Oct. Aug. 4, 1861 28, 1861 5, 1861 19, 1861 4, 1861 17, 1861 19, 1861 19, 1861 16,1862 1, 1864 30, 1861 3,1862 1, 1861 7, 1861 7, 1862 5, 1861 5, 1861 28, 1861 7, 1862 Transferred from co. G, Sept. 1, 1865; Brevet Major. Promoted Lieutenant Colonel. Discharged Sept. 1,18()5, by reason of consolidation. From CO. F, Sept. 1, 1865; mustered out with company. Discharged on Surgeon's certificate of disability. Wounded July, 1863, Ft. Wagner; transferred to co. H. Wd. July, 1863, near Ft. Wagner; m. o. exp. of term. Transferred to company E. Ap. 2d Lieutenant March 27, 1865; m. o. with company. Discharged on Surgeon's certificate of disability. Supposed killed at Ft. Wagner, July IS. 1863. ' Discharged November 10, 1862, Surgeon's certificate. Discharged July, 1864, Bermuila Humlred, Virginia. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1865, as supernumerary; veteran. From CO. F, Sept. '65; mustered out with co.; veteran. Died July, 1863, Charleston, S. C. wds. at Ft. Wagner. Died August 9, 1862, at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. From CO. F, September 1, 1865; m. o. with co"; veteran. Died August 29, 1863, at Newbern, North Carolina. Mu.stered out June 21, 1865, at Richmond, Virginia. Died Augu.st, 1864, in rebel prison. Mustered out with company, December 7, 1865; vet. Trans. V. Res. Cps. Sept. '63; m. o. Sept. '65, exp. term. Mustered out with company, December 7, 1865; vet. Mustered out with company, December 7, 1865; vet. Mustered out May 24, 1865, at Fort Monroe. Mustered out with company, December 7, 1865; vet. Discharged Augu.st 4, 1863, at Hilton Head, S. C. Mustered out June 21, 1865, at Richmond, Va.; vet. 178 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Names. Rank. Ainaziah Olark Peter ('ranker Michael Fouble Joseph Kullorton Frederick Foster ThoiiKis (iirdham Geo. Mauley Kaiulolpli I'letsig Henry A. Hampson-„ OrrinN. Howe Robert S. Keith John Metzger Isaac Miller Napoleon Nearing Edward Roth James 8. Smith Samuel .Shifi'ter James Wilcox Wm. Van Fleet Albert R. Button Van Buren A. Knapp. Nelson R. Masters John Morris Benjamin F. Stowe Wm. Newitt All, Francis Alexander, Charles Ballard, Franklin Barnes, George Bailey, Henry Barden, Frederick Bayes, Sanford P Beach, Thomas Beach, John Bennett, Harrison Bird, Asher E Bowdle, John W Brady, Peter Brace, Franklin Brown, Isaac Brown, Daniel Burr, Charles Buckley, Royal Buckley, Freeman E_.. Burton, Joseph W Carter, James Carter, Andrew Galley, Charles E Cheney, David Clark, Leander Cobb, F>nest Connely, John E Grout, Charles W Grout, Elijah. Grout, George W Crosby, Lyman Drayton, John Drayton, George Doran, Isaac Edwards, Edson Emmerson, Hiram Emmerson, Emmett _. Ewers, Gladney Fairchild, Charles Farr, Kimball Fetterman, Peter Frayer, Royal Gay, Hiram Gilford, George Green, Samuel Hetsig, John Hetsig, Frederick Corporal. Musician. Wagoner. Private. 23 25 18 18 18 21 19 41 21 21 20 25 44 19 18 18 18 25 19 31 31 30 28 20 42 33 22 19 21 21 44 21 22 29 30 18 25 18 20 19 22 IS 18 20 40 33 IS 19 Date of Entering the Service. Nov. 12, 1863 Sept. 16, 1862 Remarks. 44 26 18 18 19 25 29 40 18 29 18 19 22 32 26 18 26 "is" Oct. 17, 1861 Aug. 25, 1862 Oct. 17,1861 Nov. 25, 1861 Dec. 9, 1861 Nov. 8, 1861 Nov. 4,1861 Oct. 23, 1861 Nov. 5, 1861 Jan. 10, 1864 Nov. 4, 1861 Nov. 9,1861 Nov. 4,1861 Oct. 9, 18t;i Nov. 4, 1861 Nov. 8,1861 Feb. 24, 1862 Nov. 9, 1861 Aug. 8,1862 Oct. 27, 1861 Oct. 28,1861 Nov. 4, 1861 Nov. 9, 1861 Nov. 25, 1861 Oct. 11, 18{il Oct. 1,1862 Sept. 26, 1862 Oct. 9, 18(;2 Aug. 10, 1862 Oct. 17. 1S61 Oct. 28,1861 Oct. 7, 1862 Aug. 15, 1862 Aug. 15, 1862 Oct. 2,1862 Oct. 17, 1S61 Nov. 4, 1861 Nov. 8,1861 Oct. 2, 1862 Dec. 10, 1861 Nov. 5, 1861 Dec. 9, 1863 Nov. 7, 1861 Nov. 4, 1861 Nov. 9, 1861 Oct. 22, 18()1 Nov. 9, 1861 Dec. 2, 1861 Oct. 10, 1S62 Nov. 9, 1S61 Nov. 8, 1861 Nov. 9, 1861 Nov. 5, 1861 Oct. 27, 1861 Nov. 4. 18(il Oct. 22, 18(S1 Aug. 17, 1862 Nov. G, 1861 Nov; 25, 1861 Aug. 15, 1S62 Nov. 8, 1S61 Aug. 15, 1862 Nov. 22, 1S61 Oct. 21,1861 Aug 1, 1862 Dec. 11, 1861 Nov. 1, 1861 Sept. 9, 1862 Dec. 9, 1861 M. o. Sept. 1, 1865, Richmond, Va., supernumerary. Mustered out by order of- War Department. Mustered out with company, December 1, 1865; vet. Wounded July 18, 1863, at Fort Wagner. M. o. January, 1865, at Columbus, O. exp. term. Mustered out with company, December 7, 1865; vet. Mustered out with company, December 7, 1865; vet. M. o. January, 1865, at Columbus, O. exp. term. Died in hospital at New York. Discharged October 20, 1861 , Surgeon's ctf. disability. D. March 28, 18()2, wds. battle Winchester, March 23d. Mustered out with company, December 7, 1865. Mustered out with company, December 7, 1865; vet. Wd. July, 1803. Ft. Wagner; m. o. Sept. 1865; veteran. Dis. July 30, 1862, Surgeon's certificate of disability. Wd. July, 1863, at Ft. Wagner; m. o. Sept. 18(i5; vet. M. o. September, 1865, as supernumerary; veteran. Mustered out June 21, 18(i5, at Richmond, Virginia. Mustered out with company, December 7, 1865; vet. Mustered out June, 1865, at Richmond, Virginia. Discharged July 30, 1862, Surgeon's ctf. disability. Veteran. Discharged April, 1862, Surgeon's certificate disability. Transferred to company F, December 31, 1861. Transferred to company F, December .'SI, 1861. Died February 17, 1865, at Point of Rocks, Virginia. Missing July, 1863, at assault on Ft. Wagner. Mustered out with companv, December 7, 1865. Wd. July 18, 1863, at Ft. Wagner; m. o. June, 1865. Killed July 4, 1862, at Harrison's Landing, Virginia. Discharged February 29, 1SI13, Surgeon's ctf. disability. Died November 9, 1S62, in hospital at New York. M. o. June, 1865, at Richmond, Va. order War Dei)t. M. o. June, 1865, at Riclimond, Va. order War Dept. Wd. July 18, '63, Ft. Wagner; m. o. Nov. '65, exp. term. Died September 17, 1863, at Morris Island, S. G. Died November 4, 1862, in hospital at New York. Discharged October, 1862, Surgeon's ctf. disability. D. Oct. 28,'64, Flying hosp. Va. wds. in skirnii.sh Oct. 27. Dis. June, '65, Washington, D. C. Surg, ctf.; veteran. From CO. F, Sept. '65, as Wm. Barton; m. o. with co. Died February 25, 1862, at Cumberland, Maryland. Discharged December 9, 1862, Surgeon's ctf. disaliilitv. Died May, 1864, at Ft. M(jnroe, wounds May 20, 1S64. Discharged December 8, 1S62, Surgeon's ctf. disability. Discharged December 18, 1S64, at Richmond, Virginia, Discharged December 8, 1862, Surgeon's ctf. disability. Trans, to company F, Dec. 1861, as Elihu T. Crout. Transferred to companv I, December 31, ISdl. Discharged July 30, 1862. M. o. December 5, 1864, Columbus, O. exp. of term. Wd. July 18, '63, Ft. Wagner; m. o. Nov. '65, exp. term. Trans, company F, December, ISiil; dis. April, 1862. Discharged October 28, 1862. Mustere Nov. 25, 1861 3.") 1861 18 Aug. 1(), 1862 Remarks. Transferred to company F, December 31, 1861. Discharged Augu.st 8, 18(iL'. Died March 4, 1863, at Fort Monroe. Wd. July, '63, Ft. Wagner; m. o. Jan. '65, exp. term. Mustered out with company, December 7, 1865; vet. Mustered out May, 1865, order of War De|)artment. Transferred to company F, December 31, 1861. Transferred to company F, December 31, 1861. Died .January 5, 1862, at Toledo. M. o. June, 1865, at Richmond; order War Dept. Di,scharged February 14, 1863, Surgeon's ctf. disabilitv. Mustered out with company, December 9, 1865; vet. " Discharged by order of War 1 )epartment. Discharged July 30, 1862. Mustered out .\iarch, 18()5, Cohnnbus, O. exp. term. Missing July 18, 1863, at a.ssault on Ft. Wagner. Transferred to company F. Mustered out June 21, i,S65, Richmond, ord. War Dept. Mustered out June 21, 1865, Richmond, ord. War Dept. Discharged August 9, 1862. Mustered in as Horace G. Taylor; dis. August 9, 1862. Mustered out with company; veteran. Dis. Sept. 9, 18()2, at New York, Surgeon's ctf. disab. No further record. Discharged November 3, 1862. Discharged January 30, 18()3, Surgeon's ctf. disaViility. Mustered out January 17, 1865, on expiration of tenii. Mustered out Januarv 17, l.si)5, on I'xpiration of term. D. Mar. 26, '62, wds. "Mar. 23, '62, battle of Winchester. Died September 26, 1861', at Crany Island. Died March 2, 1862, at Cumberland, Maryland. V>\vi\ ..'anuary 5, 1865, at Fort INIonroe, Virginia. .VI. o. June 21, 1865, at Richmond, order War Dept. COMPANY B.« Navies. Sank. ^ ^ Dale of Entering the Service. Remarks. Erastus A. Morton Levi Linniger John Dahn .. _. . Sergeant. Corporal. u Private. (( 11 u u (( 18 19 20 32 24 18 24 20 18 45 37 21 27 18 28 2.3 40 28 24 Nov. 4. 1861 Nov. 14, 1861 Oct. 10, 1861 Dec. 14, 1861 Mar. 3, 1864 Dec. 18,1863 Dec. 13, 1861 Feb. 26, 1864 Feb. 26, 1864 Dec. 2,1861 Sept. 2 1,1864 Jan. 19, 1864 Feb. 26, 1864 July .30. 1862 Feb. 22,1864 .Jan. 20, 1864 Mar. 9, 1864 Mar. 2, 1865 Aus. 18. 1862 Mustered out with company December 12, 1865. Mustered out with comjjany December 12, 1865. Mustered out witli company Decendjer 12. 18(i5. Mustered out witli company December 12, 18()5. Mustered out with company Decendier 12, 1865. Mustered out with company December 12, 1865. Mustered out with company December 12. 1865. Mustered out with company December 12, 1865. Transferred. Mustered out with company December 12, 1865. Transferred. Mustered out with company December 12, 186.5. Mustered out with company December 12, 186.5. Transferred. Clustered out with company December 12, 1865. Mustered out with company December 12, 1865. Jhustered out with company December 12. 1865. Mustered out with company December 12, 1865. Transferred. John Cowdes Peter Burns Wallace Whitten Joseph Ankany Wm. Lininger Daniel Holland Peter Miller William Aukermann Isaac E. Blowelt David Clookev Thomas Conway Martin Everett Augustus Freese Jacob Heppinger Hilive Kavant John Kelly, " ' 1 *The rolls of this Company and of others followiug, as here given, are talseu' from the Muster-out rolls on record at the Stale Adjutant General's Office. 180 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Names. C. M. Lalley Cliarles Looke Josepli Liindry Jeremiah McCarthy.. James McC'arthy Anthony Navarre William" Kaker John King David Sprlngsted Stephen Tiemann Warren Tyler Jacob A. Tritt David Welsh Washington Norton.. David Gorsuch Wm McKay Ira Johnson Montgomery Messer _ Warren Cone Robert Norris John Bunce William Watson Samuel Forsht Henry J. Morrow Moses Trailor Patrick Grant Joseph Colton Hiram Craig Joseph Ring Wm. H. Cogan P>ancis Etan George Chrispower .. John Leech Oliver J. Nelson Frank Godi Henry Jacobs Collins Cottrell Alex. Shanalley Alex. McKay John Cornyea Jeremiah Houston Hiram Scurloch Lewis Lalerday Peter Lawrence John Minicks Daniel Pannyea James Mahetfy James Tobias Hiram Billings Samuel Dunn Alex. Siddon Joseph Jacobs Elijah Whitmore Henry J. Crane Samuel G. Beebe Amos Short Dennis Roberts Nathan Edson Orin McKissick Frank Van Orden Wm. Hamilton Alonzo E. Tinker Albert W. Oles Andrew Hartzinger. Dominick Gee Edward A. Mercer.. Marshall Hewitt Benj. Newsbaumer . George Williams Alex. Hamilton Robert Newton Lewis Consaul Rank. Private. Sergeant. Private. Corporal. Private. Corporal. Sergeant. Private. 1st Sergt. Private. Corporal. Sergeant. Corporal. Private. 1st Lieut. 2d Lieut. Captain. Private. Corporal Private. Date of Entering the Service. Remarks. , ISIil . 181)4 Aug.l6,18B2 Dec. 26,1.8(i:! Mar. 17, lS(i4 Mar. 12, lS(i4 Mar. 25 Feb. 21. Sept. 10, 1862 Feb. 26, 1S64 Mar. 2, 1864 Mar. 23, 18(i4 Jan. 14, 1864 Feb. 6, 1804 Aug. 2,1862 Mar.31, 1862 Nov. 1, 1864 Dec. 3, 1861 Oct. 21, 1861 Oct. 16, 1861 Oct. 16, 1861 Oct. 29, 1861 Nov. 4, 1861 Oct. 9, 1861 Nov. 4, 1861 Oct. 9, 18(51 Oct. 10, 1862 Sept.l8, isr.L' Jan. 31, 1864 Oct. 1, 1861 Feb. 29, 1864 Mar. 17, 1864 Mar. 17, 1864 Aug. 4,1862 Oct. 25, 18(il Nov. 1, 1804 Oct. 24,1861 May 30, 1861 Mar. 24, 18()4 Dec. 9, 1861 Jan. 1, 1864 Nov. 21, 1861 Nov. 1,1864 26 21 Transferred. Mustered out with Clustered out with Mustered out with Transferred. Mustered out with Sent to hospital. Mustered out with Captured. Mustered out with Mustered out with (.!aptured. Died. Died. Died. Died. Died. Died. . Killed in action. Killed in action. Died. Killed in action. Wounded ; died. Died. Wciunded ; died. Dieil of disease. Wounded ; died. Killed in action. Wounded ; died. Died. Killed in action. Died. Died. Killed in action. company December 12, 1865. company December 12, 1865. company December 12, 1865. company December 12, 1865. company December 12, 1865. company December 12. 1865. company December 12, 1865. Feb. 6, 1864 Dec. 11, 1861 Oct. 11, 1861 21 27 25 25 28 18 28 27 28 22 29 li' '43" 26 19 21 Oct. Nov, Oct. Nov Dec. Oct. Mar. Dec. Dec. Oct. Oct. Nov. Oct. Nov. Oct. Nov. Oct. Oct. Oct. Dec. Oct. Dec. Oct. Dec. Oct. 3, 1861 29, 1861 25, 1861 25. 1861 18, 1861 14, 1862 23. 1862 10, 1861 3, 1861 7, 1861 21, 1861 20,1861 16, 1861 5, 1861 24, 1861 14, 1861 17, 1861 8, 1861 22, 1861 3, 1861 15, 1861 20, 1861 10,1861 13, 1861 2, 1861 Discharged. Resigned. Mustered out with comjtany. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. 181 Names. John Yallian Squire Spencer George Stonebook James Roberts Edward Pagen James R. Barker Hosoa Baxter John Yamans John M. Edson Lewis IMatt Charles Tyler Samuel JIcDonald Charles Clayton James Eton John F. Eton Lewis Hemspeck AVm. R. Lamb Frank O. Callahan Joseph Shanteau Lewis Shanbion Christopher DeLucia Jeremiah Barnes Alfred Hewton Clovis Bosky David Willey Austin Dane Octavius Teny Isaac G. Rideout Henry Fink Francis M. McLaughlin , Luther Johnson Anthony Lavine Patrick McKaliger Ransom Webster Isaac O. Black Edmond Curtis Wm. H. Crouse Hank. Private. Sergeant, Private. Sergeant, (( Corporal, Private. Corporal. Private. 1st Sergt. Corporal. Private. 22 32 42 20 2:! 38 45 24 21 42 2.") 32 25 29 33 19 Bate of Entering the iServLce. Oct. Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Mar. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Dec. Oct. Oct. Dec. Oct. Oct. Dec. Dec. Dec. 16, 1861 13, 1861 16,1862 18, 186! 18, 1861 16, 1861 7, 1861 17, 1864 5, 1861 13, 1861 22. 1861 18, 1861 28, 1861 17, 1861 18, 1861 2, 1861 29. 1861 6, 1861 18, 1861 18, 1861 11, 1861 Sept Mar. Feb. Feb. Feb. Oct. Dec. Oct. Nov. Oct. Oct. Oct. Dec. Dec. Oct. . 15,1862 , 26, 1864 23, 1864 16, 1864 1, 1864 22, 1861 1, 1861 8, 1862 , 21, 1861 17, 1861 8, 1861 22, 1861 5, 1861 13, 1861 11,1861 Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Transferred to Transferred to Transferred to Transferred to Transferred to Transferred to Transferred to Remarks, Company H. Company H. Company H. Company H. Company H. Company H. Company H. COMPANY D. Names on Muster-in Roll, not found on Muster-out Roll. Names, Louis M. Miller James Yeman John A. Rowsey Herman Hansen Wm. Sennitt Josiah Slirock Peter Gallaher Joseph H. Luce Edward Curtis Dennis Lovett Orlin Randall Blower, Philip Barber, Arnold Bower, Jesse Burns, John Bell, George Behan, Edward Corkins, Patrick Clark, Lucius S Call, Uriah Coolahan, Michael Codigan, William ^ Sank. ■^ 2d Lieut. 25 1st Sergt.. 28 Sergeant. 21 2U Corporal. 25 u 20 u 25 (( 42 M\isician. 45 " 18 Wagoner. 42 Private. 27 44 i( 24 " 42 (( 45 " 25 " 18 (1 18 <; 45 u 32 (( 20 Dat^ of Entering the Sermee. Nov. Nov. Dec. Oct. Oct. Nov. Nov. Nov. Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Oct. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Oct. Oct. 28, 1861 14, 1861 2, 1.S61 9, 1861 16, 1861 22, 1861 3, 1861 4, 1861 13, 1861 21,1861 23, 1861 24,1861 14, 1861 14, 1861 25,1861 12, 1861 14, 1861 9, 1861 22, 1861 22, 1861 10, 1861 18, 1861 Remarks. 182 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Names. Rank. 36 24 23 19 28 43 35 40 21 42 36 20 39 21 31 21 21 19 21 30 21 . 21 "is" 26 19 37 37 18 44 35 18 30 50 18 29 24 24 38 18 19 22 18 43 40 44 30 28 18 Date of Entering the Service. Remarks. Prowlv. James Private. (( (t (( (t *t (t c, n (1 (1 (( (t t( (( (( (1 Nov. 2, 1861 Nov. 26, 1861 Dec. 14, 1861 Dec. 23, 1861 Dec. 19, 1861 Nov. 22, 1861 Nov. 2, 1861 Nov. 11, 1861 Nov. 22, 1861 Dec. 22, 1861 Dec. 5,1861 Oct. 16, 1861 Nov. 25, 1861 Nov. 27, 1861 Nov. 15, 1861 Oct. 10, 1861 Dec. 5, 1861 Oct. 4, 1861 Oct. 9, 1861 Nov. 27, 1861 Oct. 9, 1861 Oct. 16, 1861 Oct. 11, 1861 Oct. 18, 1861 Oct. 25, 1861 Nov. 15, 1861 Nov. 18, 1861 Oct. 25, 1861 Dec. 17, 1861 Nov. 6, 1861 Nov. 7, 1861 Oct. 22, 1861 Oct. 8, 1861 Dec. 23, 1861 Dec. 27, 1861 Jan. 7, 1862 Oct. 7, 1861 Dec. 10,1861 Nov. 11,1861 Oct. 9, 1861 Oct. 5, 1861 Dec. 20, 1861 Nov. 25, 1861 Oct. 24,1861 Oct. 23, 1861 Oct. 13,1861 Oct. 14, 1861 Nov. 20, 1861 Dec. 19,1861 Carpenter, \Vm. D Criswell, Percival Doolittle, Jonathan ]>rummond, Napoleon.. Fern, A .. - (ielrought, John Cioeldner, Henry Lot en Helms Hart, James-- Herranne, Jerry Hale, H. V. B Huglies, John _ _ Jackson, Henry Johnson, George Jordan, Wm. E King, Thomas Knew, Frederick Learv, James. Lehary, Thomas IMintong, A. B _ . Discharged. McManus, Thomas McGrath, Michael Marker, John Mvers, ."^imeoii _ Discharged. Neaiy, Edward- Nichols. Wilson INIard, John 0. ' O'Sullivan, Daniel Oates, Timothy _ O'SuUivan, F.J O'Berst, Michael __ Priest, Clark . . ._ . liuinn, Thomas Kus.sell, George Kyan, William _. Smith, James. Shinaver, Joseph Shoemaker, Wm Stickney, Myron Stickell, Frank Towers, Peter _ Valtine, David_ . . Wilbur, George W AV'ilson, John Welch, James Young, John. COMPANY E. Names. Rank. Date of Entering the Sen^ice. Remarks. Joseph Whidden Charles Broshorder James Mulaskey Alfred D. Turk Thomas Demoss Eseck M. Dver 1st Sergt. Sergeant. (( Corporal. >( Private. it 27 20 17 19 34 21 20 18 19 18 30 Oct. 18, 1861 Jan. 13, 1862 Dec. IS, 1861 Oct. 7,1861 Oct. 10,1861 Feb. 25, 1864 Oct. 8, 1861 Feb. 27, 1864 Jan. 4, 1864 Mch.29, 1864 Feb. 13, 1864 Mustered out with company December 12, 1865. Mustered out with company December 12, 1865, Mustered out with company December 12, 1865. Mustered out with company December 12, 1865. Mustered out ■n'ith company December 12, 1865. Transferred from Company K. Transferred from Company K. Transferred frem Company K. Transferred from Company K. Transferred from Company K. Transferred from Company K. Henry Dawns ___ . Sila.s R. Stebbins Hugh M. Lamb Charles Brockway Cephas D. Barnes THE WAR OF THE REBELLION -FIELD WORK. 183 William H. Caniv Michael Call '. Michael Dennis James Freeman Charles A. Geer Frederick Hiplev- Sherman A.Jones Charles MeCarty Daniel Scjuires Anton Sn viler Feter St. Faul O. W. Trowbridge Alex. Webber George M. Wyman Benj. F. Yelman Amos C. Cooper Ira H. Green William Green Jaeolj Hanson Adam Sniten John G. Young Frederick Houss William McCabe Charles HilHs Faul Single William H. Benjamin Francis Caswell John Cruse William K. Mullen C;hristian Powers James Reed William Ryan John Viregar George Willis Casper Peters John Burgan James Swerby M. F. Poorman Hugh Longus William FI. Barry Leonard Burkheart Jacob Bentz David Carlick John Dobelstine John Donovan Charles Fry James W. Fifer Robert M. Ferguson Thomas Fox Samuel R. Green Anson Gehil Calvin Gleason John Govan George Gebring Dennis Hart John Hancock Christoplier Holland Frederick Iklor John Kramer Charles McCaren David Moran James Philips John Rebbe George Rimmelspeck _.. Conrad Shelling Alex. Campbell Albert Woodberry R. Webber Milton H. Whitney Arton Williams Jerome B. Waldron William Green Rank. Private. Corporal. (( Musician. (( Private. Sergeant. Corporal. Private. Musician. Private. Wagoner. Private. Date of Entering tlie Service. Dec. 24,lSfi3 Feb. 3, 18(1-1 Mch.21, 1864 Jan. 5, 181)4 Dec. .30, 18(11 Dec. 10, lS(il Feb. 8, 18(14 Mch. 7, 18(14 F'eb. 1, 1864 Feb. -27, 1864 Mch. •_>, 186.3 Mch. 18, 1864 Mch.l8, 1864 Feb. 8,1864 Feb. 8, 1864 Feb. 20, 1864 Oct. 2(1, 1861 Deo. 30, 1861 ,Tan. 1, 1862 Dec. 9, 1.S61 Nov. 20, 1.S61 Mch. 23, 1864 Get. 24, 1861 Jan. 18, 18()4 Dec. 30, 1863 Oct. 7, 1861 Dec. 0, 18(il Dee. 24, 18(i] Jan. 22, 1864 Oct. 14, 1861 Oct. 18, 1861 Dec. 10, 1861 Dec. 24, 1861 Dec. 2, 1861 Jan. 10. 1862 Nov.26, 1861 Aug.2S, 1862 Feb. 26, 1864 Mch. 11, 1864 Oct. 7, 1861 Jan. 12, lS(i2 Oct. 28, 1862 Sept. 9, 1862 Nov. IS, 1861 (Jet. 7, 1801 Oct. 10, 1861 Oct. 11, 1861 Sept. 9, 1S62 Oct. 19, 1861 Dec. 10, 1861 Nov. 21, 1861 Oct. 10, 1862 Oct. 13, 1861 Aug.30. 1862 Oct. 7, 1861 Sept. 17, 1862 Sept. 1. 1862 Jan. 2, 1862 Jan. 10, 1862 Nov. 18, 1261 Oct. 8, 1861 Oct. 24, 18G1 Jan. 4, 1862 Oct. 14, 1861 Dec. 31, 1.S61 Nov. 16, 1861 Nov. 26, 1861 Dec. 3, 18(il Dee. 3, 1861 Aug. 28, 1862 Feb. 22, 18(34 Dec. 30, 1861 Jieutarks. Transferred from Company K. Mustered out with company December 12, In hospital December 12, 1865. In hospital December 12, 18(1.'). In hospital December 12, 18(1.'). Mustered out with company December 12, Mustered out with comijany December 12, Mustered out with company December 12, Mustered out with company December 12, Mustered out with company December 12, Mustered out with company December 12, Mustered out with company December 12, 1865. Mustered out with company December 12, 1865. In hospital. Died. Died. Died. Died. Died. Died. 18(>5. 1865. 18(15. 1885. 1865. 1865. 1855. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Detached. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Di.scharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Transferred. 184 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. COMPANY F. E. O. Mason Pewitt C. Dewey John C. Cochrane (!('o. (i. Tajipiin Joshua B. Larimer Marquis K. Woodforcl... Joseph Wolcott Theodore J. Curtis 'I'liouias J. Brown Wni. H. Sindle David Becker . Geo. W. E. Conklin Peter Colton Joel Fiekel John M. Gray- Wm. J. Keif Emil Rampano George Ansell Noval B. Carter D. Conklin Wm. Driskell Richard Hinkle Stephen Jordan John M. Johnson Wesley Johnson Robert G. Marshall Harrison Patterson Thomas E. Rains Josephus Spohn Friend Young John Alexander Rudolph Hetsig Napoleon Nearing Francis M. White Van Buren A. Knapp__. Henry B. Lamphier Adams, James Alexander, Charles Barnes, Edward Barrett, Wm Barbour, Levi Barr, John H Burden, Frederick BJngle, William Blain, Wellington Blain, Samuel Blain, Myron D Blower, Philip Beckham, Wm. S Bonerson, John W Bohla, Martin Butler, Aaron Boyd, Hugh R Booky, Joseph Bowdle, John W Beckham, John Carpenter, Wayne Clough, Ephraim Colton, Frank Cornwell, Alonzo Cox, Michael Cox, William Grout, Ehhu Y Duncan, Isaac Duncan, Wm. H. H Duncan, Samuel Dundon, John R Driskell, Alfred Rank. Captain. ii t( 1st Lieut. t( 2d Lieut. (1 1st Sergt. (( Sergt. Corporal. Musician, Private. Bate of Entering the Service. Oct. 4, 18(11 Oct. 4, 1861 Oct. 15, 1861 Nov. 19, 1861 Oct. 5, 1861 Oct. 9, 1861 De"c.~"l7i86T Oct. 5, 1861 Nov. 19, 1861 Oct. 29, lS(il Nov. 19, 1861 Oct. 9, 1861 Oct. 5, 1S61 Oct. 27, 1861 Dec. 1, 1861 Oct. 8, 1861 Oct. 8, 1861 Oct. 10, 1861 Oct. 9, 1861 Feb. 29, 1864 Dec. 6, 1864 Oct. 27, 1861 Oct. 10, 1861 Oct. 8, 1861 Oct. 14, 1861 Oct. 9, 1861 Oct. 8, 1861 Oct. 8, 1861 Oct. 9, 1861 Nov. 5, 1861 Dec. 9, 1861 Nov. 4, 1861 Nov. 23, 1861 Nov. 19, 1861 Dec. 14, 1861 Sept. 8, 1864 Nov. 25, 1861 Oct. 30, 1S61 Oct. 7, 1861 Oct. 25, 1861 Nov. 2, 1861 Oct. 9, 1S()2 Oct. 10,1861 Oct. 10, 1861 Nov. 19, 1861 Oct. 20, 1861 Oct. 14, 1861 Feb. 24, 1864 Sept.26, 1864 Sept.23, 1864 Oct. 10, 1861 Oct. 29, 1861 Mar. 2, lS(i4 Oct. 29, 1864 Nov. 1, 1864 Mar. 6, 1864 Feb. 12, 1864 Nov. 17. 1861 Oct. 27,1861 Nov. 4, 1861 Nov. 8, 1861 Feb. 24, 1864 Oct. 10, 1861 Oct. 18, 1861 Nov. 1, 1864 Nov. 19, 1861 Remarks. Promoted to Captain and A. A. G., October 5, 1862. Promoted from 1st Lieut. Oct., '62; resigned June, '63. Died in Sandusky county, Ohio. Ap. Corpl. Sgt. 1st Sgt.; promoted 1st Lieut. March, '65. Mustered out November 13, 18()4, expiration term. Resigned August 7, 1862. Ap. Cpl., Sgt, Q. M. Sgt., 2d Lieut., Aug. '65; m. o. co. Promoted 2d Lt. Aug., '62; to 1st Lt. Dec, '62; tr. to G. Mustered out August 23, 18(i5. Ap. Cpl., Sgt., IstSgt. Mar.'65; wd. July,'63, Ft. Wagner. Transferred to Co. A, September, 1865; veteran. Wounded July 18, 1863, Ft. Wagner; m. o. Sept., Mustered out. 1865. Ap. Aug., 1865; mustered out Sept., 1S65, Richmond, ^'a. Mustered out April, '65, Columbus,0., expiration term. Killed Aug. 16, 1864, bat. Deep Bottom Run, Virginia. Mustered out September 1, lS(i5, Richmond, Virginia. Killed August, 1864, battle Deep Bottom Run. Transferred to Company A, December 31, 1861; vet. Transferred to Company A, December 31, 1861; vet. Transferred to Company A, December 31, 1861; vet. Transferred to Company A, September, 1865; veteran. Det. to headquarters at South Anna, Virginia; veteran. Mustered out May 29, 1865, Camp Lee, Virginia. Transferred to Company A, December 31, 1861. Transferred to Compan}' A, September 1, 1865. Transferred to Company A, September 1, 1865. Transferred to Company A, September-!, 1865. Mustered out June 21, 1865, Richmond, Virginia. Mustered out June 21, 1865, Richmond, Virginia. Transferred to Company A, September 1, 1865. Transferred to Company A, September 1, 1865. Transferred to Company A, September 1, 1865. Transferred to Company A, September 1, 1865. Mustered out June, 1865, Columbus, O., exp. term. Died Nov. 10, 1864, wds. near Richmond, Oct. 27, 1864. Transferred to Co. I, December, '61, as Elilni T. Crout. Trans, to Company A, Sept. '65, while on det. duty. Wounded July 18, 1863, assault on Ft. Wagner. Transferred to Company A, September 1, 1865. THE WAR OF THE REBELLION — FIELD WORK. 185 Names. Emmerson, Hiram E3'erly, Jacob Fisher, Andrew Fisher, Joliii Fitzpatrick, James Ford, James Fox, Joel Gardinier, Arthur Gressford, Jeremiah Hassan, Amos Hallett, Daniel Hallett, DeMott Hammond, James Hewitt, George Hedsig, Frederick Hoffman, Emanuel Hodgson, Thos. H Jolinson, Alonzo Jotum, John Justice, Thos. J Justice, Wesley N— Jump, Eli Kelsey, Alexander Kengeigle, WiUiam Kester, Martin Knight, William Kimball, Harrison Lane, Elzy I,athrop, Walter Leonard, John Luce, James H Martin, Thomas Micldaugh, Henry McCuliough, William __ McCall, John McGrady, Thomas McKeon, Laurence Musselman, John E Malonv, Patrick O'Brien. Bartley Parient, Washington W_ Parient, William Parient, Nathaniel Patterson, John Porter, Samuel... Robinson, Joseph Sampson, Chester Shields, Francis Smalley, William Smith, John Shouler, Matthew Snell, Hezekiah.. Sprague, Philo C Sutton, John Tappan, George E Thornton, Geo. W Thornton, William Thornton, Charles Thomas, John.. .. Watson, AVilliam Welch, Harry White, Francis Welch, Benjamin F Wilcox, Leander J Wood, Samuel S Wilson, John Rank. vate. 20 IS 19 25 32 18 18 17 20 45 21 25 2(i 24 18 27 31 19 35 23 17 20 20 38 27 22 18 18 19 38 25 44 26 23 41 16 19 36 17 39 IS 22 19 22 21 19 25 22 39 20 26 OO 18 20 19 18 44 30 43 45 Dale of Fnterintj the Service. Nov. Dec. Feb. Sept. Oct. Mar. Jan. Nov. Oct. Nov. Oct. Feb. (.)ct. Oct. Dec. Nov. Dec. Mar. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov. Oct. Oct. Nov. Dec. Nov. Oct. Nov. Oct. Nov. Dec. Oct. Oct. Aug. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Nov. Oct. Oct. Nov. Dec. Oct. Nov. Oct. Oct. Oct. Nov. Dec. Nov. Dec. Nov. Nov. Oct. Oct. Nov. 6, 1801 8, 1863 24, 1S64 13. 1862 11, 1861 7, 1864 6, 1862 19, 1861 15, 1861 1,1864 18, 1861 29, 181)4 18, 18(il 26, 1861 9, 1861 16,1861 19, 1861 7, 1864 26, 1861 12. 1863 19, 1861 26. 1861 10, 1861 23, 1861 8, 1861 24, 1861 4, 1861 1, 1861 19, 1861 25,1861 19, 1861 25, 1861 9, 1861 2, 1861 27. 1861 24, 1861 15. 1862 24, 1861 11, 1,S61 10, 1861 10, 1861 18, 1861 19, 1861 IS, 1861 18, 1861 23, 1861 1, 1861 21, 1861 15, 1861 13, 1861 22, 1861 31, 1861 25, 1861 24, 1861 19, 1861 3, 1861 19, 1861 19, 1861 8, 1861 7, 1861 25, 1861 Oct. Oct. Nov. Oct. 16, 1861 12, 1861 4. 1861 5, 1861 Semarks. From Company A, December, 1861. Transferred to Company A, September, 1865. Mustered out June 21, 1865, at Richmond, Virginia. Wounded May, 18(i4, in action near Chester, Virginia. M. o. February, 1865, Coluuubus, O. expiration of ti'riii. Wounded May, 1864. in action near Chester, Virginia. Transferred to Company A, Suptendjer 1, 18()5. Wounded July, 1863, as.sault on Fort Wagner. Wounded May, ]8()4, near Chester, Virginia. Mustered out December, 1865; veteran. From Co. A, Dec. 1861; wd. July, 1863, at Ft. Wagner. Cap. Oct. 1864; mu.stered out June, 1865, Camp Chase. Mustered out May, 18(i5, at Columbus, Ohio. M. o. Columbus, O., February, 1865, expiration term. Transferred to Company D. Transferred to Company A, December, 1861. Mustered out with company, December 7, 1865. Mu.stered out June 21, 1865, at Richmond, Virginia. Mustered out January, 1865, at Columbus, Ohio. M. o. January 17, 1865, Columbus, Ohio, exp. of term. Transferred to Company A, September, 1865; veteran. Transferred to Company A, September, 1865. Wounded July, 1863, assault on Fort Wagner. Transferred to Company A, Sept. 1865, while absent. K. Aug. 16, 1864, battle of Deep Bottom Run, Virginia. ISO HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. ElCIITY-FOimTII BEGIMENT, OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTEY. ^ray 2(1, 1862, Governor Tod called for 500 additional men for three months, for three years, or for guard duty. The first Company to respond was the Toledo Light Guards, Captain Kichard Waite, of Ohio Militia of the Reserve, which reported June 3d. A second Company, recruited in Toledo by Uriah Greg- oi-y (then proprietor of the Ohio Bu.siness College) and Edmond Paine, left Toledo June oth,for Camp Chase, where the Eighty-Fourth Ohio Regiment \va,i organized June 7th, in which the first named was Company A, and the other Company K. The Regiment left for Cumberland, Maryland, on the 11th of that month. From that point detachments were sent in different directions for preventing the passage of arms and supplies into the Rebel lines, cajituring Rebel mails, and put- ting an end to guerrilla operations. Septem- ber llith, it was ordered to New Creek, where an attack by the Rebel forces under Jackson and Imboden was anticipated, but did not occur. Its term of service having expired, the Regiment returned to Ohio, and after being reviewed and highly complimented bj' Governor Tod at Camp Delaware, was mus- tered out. Second Lieutenant Colton died at Cumber- land, Maryland, of typhoid fever, August 10th, 1862, aged 18 years. He was a young man of rare promise, no less in the high personal character to which while yet in bis youth he had attained, than in the rare talents preco- ciously developed. He was a son of Carlos Colton of Toledo, tlien Secretary of the Toledo Board of Trade. The .sou's interest in military affairs was early shown, in which he had attained unusual proficiency before the Rebellion broke out. He had been for some time the Captain of the Toledo High School Cadets when he volunteered in the Eighty-Fourth Regiment. An expression by the Regiment on the occasion of his death, contained this specific testimony to his charac- ter and habits, to wit : " He was, in his mor- als, worthy the imitation of the most virtuous. He never was known to utter an oath or drink a drop of liquor." ROSTER, THREE MONTHS' SERVICE.. [Nearly all the men entered the service May 27th, 1862, and with the exceptions named, all were mus- tered out with the Company about October 1st, fol- lowing.] Names. Wni. Lawrence John .J. Wiseman John C. Groom* Benjamin B. Leonard James W. Thompson Abraham R. Howbert Colonel Lieut. Colonel - Major Surgeon Asst. Surgeon. Chaplain COMPANY A. Name. Richard Waite John B. Lounsbury Hamilton C. Coltout George F. .Straeper Frank Biaisted | Victor Keen George H. Pfanner Carlos Colton Charles N. Stevens Dante W. Thomas John L. Johnston Ezra L. Ross Joseph II. PrentLss Samuel F. Hersey Pliny H. Sanderson Foster V. Wilder John H. Mack John H. Hicks George W. Brown Chas. R. LaCroix Brooks, Charles L Blodgett, Henry W Bishop. Austin Bennett, Alanson Bodley, Prichard P Barnard, Edgar A Bellman, Frederick. Bashare, Henry Burge, Edwin Ct Brownlee, James Boehm,L. Edward Chase, George A Card, Frank S Curtis, Charles P Clark, Alfred H Cone, \Vm. H Curson, George Carsner, Michael Clark, Wm. H Cherry, Charles W Church, Charles M Durbin. Edward A FUigg. Frank E Fisk, Charles H Eraser, Spencer L Ferdig, Jeremiah Ford, Eugene F Eraser, William Ford, George F Gill, Frank H Gillett, Douglass C Grover, David Green, Simeon F Rank. Captain 1st Lieutenant. 2d Lieutenant. 1st Sergeant Sergeant Corporal. Musician. Private. Age. Age. 30 24 18 27 35 27 19 25 ISI 1!) 21 27 l!l 21 IS 22 20 21 10 IS 20 li) IS 20 20 IS 21 '^2 19 19 21 21 22 19 20 21 18 24 19 IS 18 34 21 24 24 18 18 21 20 THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. 187 NartKS. Holt, "William Himes, Frederick W__. Hamblin, Frederick S-. Hurst, Horace N Haynes, James Johnson, William Kennon, Thomas AV ._. Lawrence, Aaron Leutz, George Laukin, Richard Marvin, George L . Murphy, John D Nagely, .John Osborn, Ralph Pratt, Phineas B Pfanner, Jacob P Potter, Emery D., Jr._. Richardson, George F__ Raymond, Henry Rayraon>> 25 19 21 17 21 i 20 17 25 19 23 IS 19 19 25 23 20 17 20 19 19 18 21 17 24 30 17 19 22 32 33 19 28 '*2 20 17 21 "Discharged July 2B, 1862. fDischarged August 18, ISIJS. tDied September 15, 1862. gLeft in hospital, sick. 188 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. ONE HUNDEEDTH EEGIMENT, OHIO VOLUNTEER INPANTEY. The followins? is a list of tlie more imiiortant Ecgiincnl took ;iii iionorublc |)tirt : Kkoxville, Tknn. . . Winter of 1864. Rocky Face, .... May 5, 9, 1804. Dai.ton. Ga. . . . May 9, 1864. Rksaca, Ga May 13-16, 1864. Cahteissvili.i:, Ga. . . May 20, 1864. Dalla.s, Ga MayL'r)-June4, 1864. Kenksaw Mountain, . . June 9-30, 1864. Chattaiioochik liivKK, Ga. . July 6-10, 1864. Atlanta, (iA. . . . July 28-.Sept. 2, 1864. Utoy CitEEK, Ga. . . . Aug. 5-6, 1864. battles and military movomuiits iu wliicli this JONESBORO, Ga. Love.joy'.s Station, Ga. . Etowah Orekk, Ga. . Columbia, Tenn. Spuing Hii,i,, Tenn. Franklin, Tenn. Nashville, Tenn. Pursuit op Hood's Army, Town Creek, Wilmington, N. C. . Aug. 31-Sept. 1, 1864. Sept. 2, 1864. Sept. 15, 1864. Nov. 24, 1864. Nov. 29, 1864. Nov. 30, 1864. Dec. 15-16, 1804. Dec. 1S04. Feb. 20, 18(i5. Feb. 22, 1865. The Regiment was organized at Toledo in Jul}- and August, and "was mustered into the service September 1, 1SG2. On the 8th it moved to Cincinnati, for the defense of that City, then .seriously threatened by raids. The Eebel Armj- under General Bragg was then tiireatening Cincinnati, and the Eegiraent was placed in trenches at the left of Fort Mitchell, on the Lexington Pike, Kentucky. As Bragg did not attempt an assault on Covington Heights, as apprehended, little came of the movement, although, with fresh troops, the ease was by no means a trifling one. The Eebel force soon re- treated to Tennessee, via Lexington and the Cumberland Passes. Colonel Groom having resigned, Lieutenant-Colonel Slevin was pro- moted, his rank dating May 25, 1863. He con- tinued in command until "ounded for life, August G, 18fi4, in a charge on the enemy's works in front of Atlanta, Ga. The command then devolved on Captain Frank Eundell, who retained the same until the release of Lieuten- ant-Colonel Hayes from Eebel prison. May 12, 1865, he re.signed, when Captain Rundell, meantime promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, was placed iu command, retaining the same until mustei- out, July 1, 1865. The Regiment having been assigned to the Second Brigade, Third Division, Army of Ken- tucky, moved in pursuit of the retreating Rebels to Lexington, Ky., where it went into camp on the Fair Grounds. Remaining in Ken tucky during the "Winter and Spring, doing garrison duty, and pursuing Rebel Cavalry raiders until August, 1863, it then entered upon a more active campaign, as part of First Bri- gade, Third Division, Twenty.Third Corps of the Army of the Ohio. It then marched with Burnside's force across the Cumberland Moun- tains, and assisted in the capture of Knoxville, Tenn., the Rebels evacuating upon the approach of the Union troops. At Knoxville a part of the Regiment was detailed for provost duty, while the balance (some 300 men), under Major Hayes, were sent to Limestone Station, East Tennessee, about 100 miles distant, to intercept the Rebels and prevent the destruction of the Railroad bridge at that point. The detach- ment reached the bridge at midnight, when the Major lett 25 men under Lieutenant Hine, Company H, at the bridge, and proceeded to Jonesville, 10 miles distant, where a Rebel Bri- gade was encamped under General '' Mudwall " Jackson. At daj-break Major Hayes moved upon the Eebel pickets, and drove them to their camp. He then placed his command aboard the cars, and fell back to Limestone Station. Here he disembarked, and deployed on picket line. The little command had scarcely deployed on the skirmish line when the Eebels made attack. Major Hayes held his men in line from 12 m. to 5 P. M., when by repeated as- saults, his command was driven into small block-houses at the bridge. Of this the enemy's artillery soon had range, when the Union force (265 in number) was compelled to surrender. Of these, 85 died in Eebel prisons from starva- tion and exposure. This capture was a sad blow to the young and promising Eegiment. It was fortunate in the liberal recruits received by it during the following winter, p)reparing it for participation with Sherman in the Georgia camfiaign. Soon alter Burnside entered Knoxville, Gen. THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. 189 Carter, of the United States Arm^-, was ap- pointed Provost Marshal of East Tennessee, with headquarters at that point. He issued safeguards for all who asked for them for several miles about, making it difficult to pro- vide stocks of supplies for the troops and horses. Hence, when the Rebel General Long- street placed the City under siege, resources for food were limited to the Holston. The men were limited to one-third rations, and these of the poorest quality. The result was severe .suffering. Large number.s of the cattle designed for the troojjs became useless, some dying from starvation. General Eeilley's Brigade, of which the One Hundredth was a part, was designated as the Reserve, to be ready for any movement which the situation might indicate. Hence, the men were denied the use of tents or other protection from the weather, often from cold and rain very severe, causing much suffering therefrom, as well as from hunger, during the three weeks' siege. At length, General Sherman brought deliverance by driving off Longstreet and rais- ing the siege. The Rebel force retreated toward Bull's Gap and Richmond, followed by General Burnside's main force; a small detachment, in- cluding the One Hundredth Ohio, being left to guard Knoxville, Colonel Slevin being in com- mand. It was deemed fortunate that the Rebels wei'e not advised of the inadequate force then left in charge of that important point. Earl}' in the Sjiring of 1864, General Cox's Division, including the One Hundredth Ohio, marclied to East Tennessee, whei-e it remained until May, when, after destroying the Railroad and bridges in its rear, it rejoined the Twenty- Third Corp.s at Knoxville, then under command of General Schofield, taking tlie line of march for General Sherman and the Atlanta cam- paign, in which the Regiment bore an active and honorable part, as shown by the foregoing list of battles. It lo.st heavily, especially at Rocky Face Ridge, Daiton, Resaca, Cartersville, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, and Chattahoocliie River. On 6th of August General Reilley's Brigade was ordered to charge on the enemy's works in front of Atlanta, and to carry them at all hazards. In that desperate action the Bri- gade lost, in killed and wounded, 600 men, in- cluding 103 out of 300 of the One Hundredth. Col. Slevin was among the severely wounded. From Atlanta the Regiment joined in the pursuit of Hood and afterwards participated in the battles of Franklin and Nashville. With the Twenty-Third Corps, it moved to Wil- mington, North Carolina, and was there ac- tively engaged. Thence it moved with Sher- man's Army to Raleigh. It then moved to Greensboro, whence it proceeded to Cleveland, Ohio, where it was mustered out July 1, 1865, having served two years and 10 months During its term of service, the Regiment lost 65 men killed in battle ; 142 wounded ; 27 died of wounds; 108 died of disease ; 325 wei-e cap- tured by the enemy ; and 85 died in Rebel prisons. It participated in the battles of Le- noir Station, Knoxville, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Etowah Creek, Columbus, Franklin, Nasiiville, Town Creek, Wilmington and Goldsboro, besides numerous skirmishes. At Cleveland, on its return, the Regiment was provided with a bountiful supply of re- freshments, and at the Park was addressed on behalf of the citizen.s by A. T. Slade, Esq., who, in the course of his remarks, said : Think of it. The Confederate soldier goes to his home, after years of fruitless resi.stance to his Govern- ment, to find that home desolate — his friends killed or scattered — with no pay, no pension, no land, no thanks — to go down, for all time, as a traitor to this great and good Government. You, on the other hand, after years of fighting, find your homes joy- ous — with pay, with pensions, with the gratitude of your loyal countrymen ; and, above all, and over all, with an undivided country — with names that poetry and eloquence shall vie to honor. April 2, 1864, was published at Toledo a let- ter from Lieutenant Norman Waite, 100th Ohio, asking the people of Toledo to furnish that command with a new stand of colors, for reasons which he stated as follows : Sept. 8, 1863, .300 of the Regiment met 1,200 of the enemy and fought them from 9 to 11;30.\. m., and repulsed them, and then fell back six nules, and from 1:30 till 5 P. M., fought 2,100 Rebels with four cannon, our boys having no artillery — holding them until their last cartridge was fired, and then retiring into log stockades, which the enemy soon knocked down over their heads, and only surrendered when over- powered by seven to one. We have lost one flag and have one-half of the other, filled w'ith bullet-holes, the balance having been .shot away by a shell from the enemy's guns. Will not the citizens of Lucas County see that this Regiment — true to its country — true to its State, and an honor to this District — is furnished with a new stand of colors ? 190 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Within three days of such imblicatioii the regiment. Leonard B. Griffing Chaplain. Sept. 13,1862 Discharged October i), 1864. ROSTER OF COMPANY E. Names. Dennis C. Lehan Francis M. Shoemaker., Noe Nelson John P. Denny Israel K.Kramer Orson G. Ballou Alford R. Hill Wm. H. Pen>berton Wm. Perrin John Winters Albert Dean Maberry Van Fleet- Morris Harford John E. Farner Wni. E. Dibble William Lose Martin Hut'tile John Eastwood Bates, Thomas Blystone, William Brown, .John Black, William Bulger, Henry Burds, Noah Crepps, David Coon, Almon P Curtis, Levally R Disher, Christian Duck, John Davis, Philander Dart, David Eckert, Isaiah Gallmer, Jacob Gistwite, Samuel Hall, Archillus B Holt, AVm___ ._ Holt. John P Hoat, Cyrus •lay, William H Lafiore, Oliver Lapoint, Joseph Mitchell, Francis Monroe, Spencer McNutt, Stephen L. .__ Miller, McConnell Rank. Captain. >( 1st Lieut. (( 2d Lieut. 1st Sergt. Sergeant. i( e( Corporal. Musician. Private. 26 23 31 23 2!) 27 28 25 32 33 20 21 20 18 33 21 30 28 18 19 19 33 21 19 18 19 39 19 20 28 18 31 18 25 19 28 27 18 32 25 25 Date nf Entering tlte Service. .July 27,1802 July 25. 1862 July 29, 1,S62 Am;. 7,1862 Aug. 9,1862 July 24, 1862 Aug. 4,1862 July 25, 1862 Aug. 7, 1862 Aug. .S,1,S62 Aug. 6. 1862 Julv 25, 1862 July 28, 1862 July2.S, 1862 July 28, 1862 Aug. 7,1862 Aug. 6,1862 July 22, 1862 Aug. 6, 1862 6,1862 2. 1862 8,1862 8,1862 7,1862 July 27, 1862 July 28, 1862 Aug. 8,1862 Aug. 8,1862 Aug. 7,1862 Aug. 5,1 S62 Aiag. 12,1862 Aug. 7,1862 July 25, 1862 Aug. 7,1.S62 Aug. 2,1.S(;2 July31,l.s62 July 25, 1862 Aug. ,S,1862 Remarks. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. 2,1 S62 7,1862 5,1862 2,1862 6,1862 6,1862 July 28, 1862 Resigned April 27, 1863. Mustered out with company. Resigned. Mustered out with company. Resigned. Captured. Died in captivity. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mu.stered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Discharged July 8, ],8(;5. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with comiiany. Mustered out «ith conipany. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Sent to hospital. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with compan}'. Left in hospital. Mustered out with company, JNIustered out with company. Wounded. Discharged. Clustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mu.stered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mu.stered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Discharged June 23, 1865. Absent, .sick. Mustered out with company. Discharged May 24, 1865. 102 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. w* Date of NdTiies. JJa»iit. 'S Entering the lirmavks. Service. Navarre, Tsadore. Private. 23 Aug. 12,1862 Mustered out with company. Navarre, DaviiL- a 25 Aug. 12,1862 Mustereil out with company. I'inkcrton, (ieorge " 18 July 27, 1862 Mustered out with company. IVlkiv, William — It 21 Aug. 8,1862 Mustered out with company. Patten, Cieorge M ti 22 Julv 31,1862 Mustered out with company. Rpillv. Jaiue.s W " 23 Aug. 8,1862 Mustered out with company. Stewart. Jacob S_ " IS July 27,1862 Mustered out with company. Swangston, Isaac Shinkev, Andrew (t 18 Aug. 2,1862 Mustered out with company. " IS Aug. 8,1862 Wounded. Shoultz, Benjamin *' 33 Aug. 9,1862 Mustered out with company. Switzer, Jacob __ - - - (( 30 Aug. 7,1862 Discharged. Snntt lillfuS (1 18 20 40 Aug. 8.1862 July 29,1862 Aug. 1,1862 Mustered out w^ith companv. Trnnn Elias -- Mustered out with company. Wbiteman, Harrison Mustered out with company. Whitmore, Fred K (. 37 Aug. 1,1862 Mustered out with company. Weible, George S C( 18 Aug. 8,1862 Mustered out with company. AVard, Charles.. _- - (( 25 July 25,1862 Mustered out with companv. Trorabla, Basail Sergeant. 37 Aug. 7,1862 Discharged. All Francis Private. 28 22 Julv 28,1862 July 20 1862 Discharged. Batt, Levi Discharged. Laflore, Dominic i( 22 Aug. 5,1862 Discharged. Loncrgan, Martin (( is Aug. 6,1862 Discharged. McNutt, William J *' 18 Dec. 5,1863 Discharged. Phillips, Lyman (( 32 Aug. 8,1862 Discharged. Morris. George W (( 24 Julv 28,1862 Transferred. 44 22 Aug. 9,1862 Feb. 28, 1864 Transferred. Sangston, George Transferred. T?.fliifttiis Heller Sergeant. Corporal. it ■'() Aug. 8, 1862 Wounded. Died. T prov J. Smith •'3 July 25, 1862 Killed. James C. House 29 Aug. 8,1862 Killed. Jackson P. Sager (( 32 Aug. S, 1862 Killed. Andrew M. Trapp (( 22 Aug. 1,1862 Killed. Cyius Salsbury '' 30 Aug. 8,1862 Killed. Richard Herbert Musician. 44 Julv 23, 1862 Died. Abbott, Lucius Private. IS Aug. 2,1862 Died. Abbott James *< •^3 July 24, 1862 Died. Bemis, William C (( 19 Aug. 2,1862 Died. Boucher, Jacob (( 23 Sept. 1,1862 Died. Cramer, John (( 30 Aug. 7,1862 Died. Charter, Nelson (( 36 Aug. 7,1862 Died. Clutter; Andrew J (( 26 Aug. 8,1862 Killed in action. Cumniings, Ira S (( 18 July 23, 1862 Died. Dicken, Isaac. ,1 21 90 July 31, 1862 Aug. 8,1862 Aug. 8,1862 Killed in action. Hahn Valentine Died in captivity. Killed in action. Lucas, Ranatus (( 18 Mills, Robert 11 26 Aug. 22, 1862 Died in hospital. Phillips, Ed ward It 23 Aug. 7,1862 Killed in action. Ruckel, John *' 19 Aug. 7,1862 Killed in action. Rathbun, Benjamin 11 20 July 24, 1862 Killed in action. Snider, Israel (( 19 Sept. 1,1862 Aug. 6,1862 Died in hospital. Sandviet, Anthony <( 37 Died in hospital. Stebbins, Cuvler (( 18 July 28, 1862 Died in hospital. Spade, Samuel (( ■^1 Aug. 9,1862 Died in captivity. Died in hospital from wounds. Wilcox, George E >e 18 Aug. 22,1862 Waggoner, George E (( IS Julv 27, 1862 Died in hospital from wounds. Higgins, Dennis ii 36 Aug. 6,1862 Pavne, John B. '* 18 Julv 20, 1862 Saw ver, Ira B _ _ _ _ (t 23 Aug. 8,1862 COMPANY F. Names. Rant. & ■^ Date of Entering the Service. Remarks. Norman Waite John W. Jaquett Alonzo Streeter Wm. N. Stutgard 1st Lieut. 1st Sergt. Sergeant. 27 38 33 34 Aug.lO, 1862 July 17, 1862 Aug. 8, 1862 July 26, 1862 Promoted to Adjutant December 1, 1864. Promoted 1st Lieutenant December 1, 1864. Mustered out with company July 1, 1865. Wounded; mustered out with company July 1, 1865. THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. 193 Navies, James D. Knight Alonzo L. Freeman Delevan R. Streeter Thomas Bladon George Finch Daniel Luke . Geo. E. McBride Chas. W. Allen Martin V. Bates Francis Bunting George Bladon Ira Beverly John A. Boston Samuel Berry William Carpenter Peter Coleman Conrad Falmer John Harris Frank Hollister Chas. H.Johnson William James Thomas Lyons Wm. Langendorf Levi Leonardson Daniel Navarre Isadore Navarre Philip Newcoman Owen O'Neal Chas. H. Peter Lewis N. Porerier John Raymond Jacob Rahan Peter Suzor Wm. Shay Henry Sterk Israel Timmer Pierre Vasen James B. Menhennick__ Henry Alberts Henry Alford James Brennan Daniel Clark Willis Lane Silas McCarty Israel K. Kramer George W. Gove Thos. Armstrong Robert C. Navarre Henry Belknap John Cuthhert John Dilmore Robert S. Drake Walter Dustin George Griffin James Laughlin Charles LaFontain Patrick O'Neal William Reinhart John Riser William Shaffner Ch.as. H. Sprague Leander J. Wilcox Abram J. Ferguson Orlin S. Hayes James S. Ritch John Armstrong James Doyle George Foly James Smiley Edmund S. Smith Geo. H. Seymour Jeremiah Wildy Rank. Sergeant. Corporal. (( Mu.sician. Wagoner. Private. Corporal. Private. Sergeant. Corporal. Private. Musician. Sergeant. Corporal. Private. Date of Entering the Service. Aug. 4, JulvL's, Aug. S, Julvlii), July 20, Aug. 9, Aug. 8, Aug. 5, July 18, Aug.27, July 29, Aug.ll, July 23, Aug.lo, Aug.ll, Aug. 1, Aug.22, Aug. 7, Aug.22, Aug. 1, Aug.22, Aug. 13, Aug. 16, Aug. 9, July 28, Aug.l4, Dec. 2, Aug. 15, Aug.21, Aug. 6, Aug. b, Aug. 0, Aug. 8, July 18, Aug. 13, July 26, Aug. 10, Aug. 7, Aug. 13, Oct. 22, Aug.22, Aug. 8, Aug. 8, Aug. 13, Aug. 7, Aug.13, July 23. July 26, Aua.22, Aug.14, Aug. G, July 30, July 16, Aug. 7, Aug. 8, July 2.5, Aug.lo, Julv29, Aug.13, Aug. 10, July 18, July 28, July 21, July 19, Aug. 1, Aug. b, July 21, Aug.16, Aug. 8, Aug. 8, Aug.22, Aug. 4, 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1865 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1863 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 Remarks. Captured; mustered out with company July 1, 1SC5. Wounded. Captured; mustered out with company July 1, 186.5. Mustered out with company July 1, 1S65. Mustered out with company July 1, 1865. Mustered out with company July 1, 1865. Mustered out with company July 1, 18(i5. Mustered out with company July 1, 1865. Discharged J\Iay 30, 1865. Mustered out with company July 1, 1865. Mustered out with company July 1, 1865. .Mustered out with company July 1, 1865. Mustered out with company July 1, 1865. Mustered out with company July 1, 1865. Mustered out with company July 1, 1865. Mustered out with company .luly 1, 1865. Mustered out with company July 1, 1865. Mustered out with company July 1, 1865. Mustered out with company July 1, 1865. Mustered out with company July 1, J 865. Mustered out with company July 1, 186.5. Mustered out with company July I, 1865. Mustered out with company July 1, 1865. Mustered out with compan}- July 1, 1S65. Transferred to Yet. Res. Corps .lanuary 15, 1865. Mustered out with companv July 1, 186.5. Transferred to 183d O. V. L, June 1.5, 1865. Discharged June 3, 1865. Mustered out with company July 1, 1865. Mustered out with company July 1, 1865. Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. Mustered out with company July 1, 1865. Mustered out with company July 1, 1865. Mustered out with company July 1, 1865. Mustered out with company .luly 1. 1865. Mustered out with company July 1, Mustered out with company July 1, Discharged; captured. Discharged; captured. Captured. Discharged; captured. Captured. Missing. Captured. Promoted to 2d Lieutenant October 28, 18G3. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged; wounded. Discharged. Discharged; captured. Discharged. Appointed in Regular Army. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Captured; wounded; mustered out. Mustered out ; accidentally wounded. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged; wounded. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Promoted to Sergeant-Major. Promoted to Commissary Sergeant. Transferred to Invalid Corps. Transferred to Navy. Transferred to Navy. Transferred to Navy. Transferred to Navy. Transferred to Navy. Transferred; discharged. 1865. 1865. 194 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Names. Wm. A. Brown Charles Wilkinson Miles A. Aldrieh John Bales Henry Benoar William Davis Abel Ethvards Wni. Day John Knight Arthur McGlue Milo R. Metcalf - Charles Rolling William SidelL Alonzo Sabing Christian Swakeman Eli Salsbury Eleazer B. Stoekwell Alonzo Turner Truman M. Tyler John VV. Williams Joseph Youngs ?^ Rank. — 26 1st Sergt. Corporal. 18 Private. 18 n 'so" il 20 n '42' tl 21 It 43 tl 24 tl 19 11 30 " 21 I 34 il 34 il 32 (1 26 11 21 •* 38 (C 19 Date of Entering the Service. July Aug. Aug. Dec Aug. July Dec. July July Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. July July Aug. Aug. July Aug July Aug. 24, 1862 8, 1862 5, 1862 21, 1863 8, 1862 30, 1S62 30, 1863 20, 1862 23, 1862 8, 1862 2, 1862 7, 1862 13, 1862 27, 1862 26, 1862 8, 1862 14, 1862 2.5, 1862 22, 1862 19, 1862 5, 1862 Remarks. Killefl in action. Died. Died; captured. Died; wounded. Died; captured. Died. Died; wounded. Died; captured. Died. Died. Died; captured. Died. Killed in action. Died; captured. Killed in action. Died. Lost on steamer Sultana. Died. Died; captured. Died. Killed in action. ONE HUNDKBD AND ELEVENTH EEGIMENT, OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTEY. The following is a list of the more important battles in whicli this Eegiment bore an honora- ble part : Frankfort, Ky Oct. .S, 1862. Nicoj.ick, Ga Huff's Ferry, Tbnn., . . Nov. 14, 1862. Decatur, Ga., Dee. 27-28, 1864. Loudon Creek, Tenn., . . Nov. 15, 1862. Peachtree Creek, Ga., . . July 20, 1864. Campbell's Station, Tenn., . Nov. 17, 1862. Atlanta, Ga., July, 1864. Rocky Face Ridge, Ga., . . May 9, 1864. Lovbioy's Station, Ga., . . Sept. 2-6, 1864. Resaca, Ga., May 13-14, 1864. Franklin, Tenn., .... Nov. 30, 1864. Kenesaw, Ga., June 27, 1864. Nashville, Tenn., .... Dec. 15-16, 1864. Dallas, Ga., May 2.5-June 4, 1864. The Eegiment was raised in the Counties of Lucas, Wood, Sandusky, Fulton, Williams and Defiance; was organized in August, and mus- tered into service September 5 and 6, 1862. On the 11th it took the field at Covington, Kentucky, and remained there until the 18th, when, with four other Eegiments and a Bat- tery, it made a reconnoissance to Crittenden, Kentucky, where it drove out the Eebel Cav- alry under Kirby Smith, and returned to Covington. Eemaining there until the 25th, it then took transports for Louisville, where it was assigned to Buell's Army, in the Third Brigade, Twelfth Division, under General Duniont. October 3d, the Eegiment moved to Shelbyville, and on the 8th occupied the advance in the movement on Frankfort, where a skirmish took place. The 11th of October it moved on Lawreneeburg and cam]>ed at Crab Orchard, there joining Buell's Army. After Bragg's escape through Ckimberland Gap, the Eegiment, by rapid marches, proceeded to Bowling Green, Kentucky. May 29, 1863, it was ordered to Glasgow, Kentucky, at which place it was assigned to the Second Brigade, Second Division, Twenty-Third Army Corps, in which it remained until mustered out of service. From Glasgow the command moved on Scottsville and Tomkinsville. It was about this time that John Morgan be- gan his famous raid on Indiana and Ohio. In pursuit of him the One Hundred and Eleventh took part, marching July 4, 1863, from Tom- kinsville to Glasgow, 32 miles, in one day, carrying guns, equipments, and 40 rounds of ammunition. July 6th, it marched to Munfords- ville, and on the 9th took cars for Ijouisville. Morgan had then crossed the Ohio, and the THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. 195 Eegiment was ordered to New Albany, Indi- ana, whence it marched to Jeffersonville, thei-e taking transportsi for Cincinnati. At an iahmd 10 miles above Louisville a portion of the Regiment was landed and a detachment of Morgan's force was captured, the larger por- tion of them by Company H, Captain J. W. Smith, after a chase of a mile. Arriving at Cincinnati on the 13th, it proceeded to Ports- mouth, which was reached on the 18th. After Morgan was captured the Regiment re- turned to Kentuck}', stopping first at Lebanon, whence it marched to New Market, where tlie Corps rendezvoused, before marching to East Tennessee, which was commenced August 19th; Jamestown, 85 miles from Knoxville, being reached on the 26th. From that jDoint the command, by rapid march, proceeded through Turman's Gap, reaching Montgomery, August 30th. It forded Big Emery River September 2d, and arrived at Loudon, Tennes.see, on the 4th. Here it remained until November 14th, and took part in the movement North of New Market for checking the Rebel advance from Virginia, and also in several forced marches, scouts and skirmishes along the Tennessee and Holston Rivers. The advance of Longstreet's Rebel force ap))eared in front of Loudon October 22d, when considerable skirmishing took place. November 14th the Union force marched to Ijenoir, whence the Second Brigade was ordered to Huff's Ferrj', three hiiles below Loudon, to prevent Longstreet from crossing the River, but owing to the bad condition of the roads, the ferry was not reached until dusk. A Brigade of Rebels was encountered on a bluff half a mile from the river, on wliich a successful charge was made, in wliich the Regi- ment lost a few wounded. The Brigade stood to arms all night in a pelting rain, without shelter or food ; and at daylight, with the Division fell back, the One Hundred and Eleventh covering the retreat. A brisk skir- mish took place at Loudon Creek, between the Regiment and the Sixth South Carolina Sharp- shooters, composing Longstreet's advance. The stand was made to permit Henshaw's Illinois Battery to get its caissons up a hill al)ove the Creek. In that ensatfement the Regiment lost four killed and 12 wounded. The com- mand then marched unmolested to Lenoir. On the night of the 15th of November all camp and garrison equipage and transportation were destroyed, and at 3:00 a. m. of tiie Kith, the force moved for Knoxville. At ( 21 Aug.l2, 1862|Mustered out with company. 108 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Names. SaTiiuel L. Kimball Gfoi-fjo Dolby Joronio B. Stevens Jumes Lucas Abraiiis, Charles Bailey, !?. W Cutcher, Peter ("oimelly, Patrick Clohesy, Michael C'ullen, James Davis, Wilson Ernst, Henry English, Thomas Eckert, John Furney, Peter Green, Ulysses Groce, Richard Hegeman, Walker Hall, Thomas J Humbarger, Samuel Harwood, Jonas L Hallet, James Hartman, Ed-n'ard H Jacobs, Michael King, Daniel Lang, Edward La Bounty, Faries Lang, William Mclntyre, Arthur Morin, Henry Moss, John Potter, Thomas Robinson, Ezra Ross, John Rump, Charles Sage, (jrson Sheppard, James Thompson, James Textor, William Tebeau, Adolph M'oods, Simon AVittich, Charles Ware, George Yates, Leonard Shipley, Thos. E Brown, Amos CoTOstock, Charles E Castillo, George Cromwell, Joseph Cochran, Henry L Farris, AA'illiam Hayes, Patrick Kerr, John W Marker, Lewis L Manor, Eli Newman, Edward Palmer, John H Squires, Edward A Skinner, Almon.__, Thompson, Chas. H Van Norman, J. H Bragdon, L. H Brennard, Louis Curtis, Geo. H Chandler, Geo. F Enright, Michael J Hill, Thomas Justice, Jeremiah Solo, Isaiah McCabe, Robert King, Alvestin Redding. H. E si. Itank. ■^ Corporal. 18 " 20 Musician. 27 Wagoner. 44 Private. 45 " 18 «' 24 " 27 (( 45 >( 37 (( 20 ii 19 " 21 " 44 (1 18 " 40 n 37 (( 4.5 (( 2,5 (( 18 " 33 " 18 (, 23 it 21 ti 18 il 20 (1 24 (( 18 il 33 " 19 (. 19 (( 18 11 18 (( 19 " 21 (( 19 il 25 11 36 , 11 18 11 19 11 2« 11 19 (( 21 (( 22 Musician. 20 Private. 40 11 18 11 28 " 20 11 18 (( 36 " 28 (( ■?.?. 11 21 " 18 (( 26 (1 35 " 18 u 26 11 20 " 22 Sergeant. 33 Private. 18 " IS (1 22 " 19 (( 27 " 40 It 27 Sergeant. 21 " 32 Corporal. 23 Dale of Entering the Service. Hemarks. Aug.15, Aug. 12, Aug.l3, Aug.13, Aug.16, Aug.22, Aug.l4, Aug.15, Aug.13, Aug.23, Aug.22, Aug. 12, Aug. 14, Aug.13, Aug.13, Aug. 15, Aug.22, Aug.13, Aug.22, Aug.22, Aug.15, Aug.22, Aug.l2, Aug.l4, Aug.ll, Aug. 18, Aug.15, Sept. 5, Aug.22, Aug. 14, Aug.15, Aug. 14, Aug. 12, Aug.l4, Aug.15, Aug.lS, Aug.13, July 29, Aug. 6, Aug.l2, Aug.22, Aug. 12, Aug.lS, Aug.lS, Aug.13, Aug.l4, Aug. 1.5, Aug.15, Aug.l9, Aug.13, Aug.22, Aug.22, Aug.lS, Aug.n, -lug.ll, Aug.l2, Aug.13, Aug.lS, Aug. 8, Aug. 9, Aug.22, Aug.lo. Aug.22; Aug.20, Aug.lS, Aug.13, Aug.lS, Aug.lS, Aug.l4, Aug.22, Aug. 14, Aug.lS, 1862 1862 1862 1862 1S62 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 ]8(i2 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Twenty-Third Corps train. Mustered out with company. Clustered out with company. Clustered out with company. Clustered out with company. Mustered out with company. In general hospital; mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. AVith supply train; mustered out with company. On furlough: mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Captured November, 1864; not heard from. ^Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Miistered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Wounded at Huff's Ferry, Tenn.; discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Wounded at Atlanta, July, 1864; discharged. Wounded at Atlanta, July, 18()4; discharged. AVounded at Atlanta, July, 1864; discharged. Wounded at Atlanta, July, 1.864; discharged. AVounded at Atlanta, July, 1864; discharged. AVounded at Atlanta, July, 1864; discharged. AVounded at Atlanta, July, 1864; discharged. Transferred. Transferred. Killed at Franklin, November, 1864. Transferred. Transferred. Transferred. Transferred. Transferred. Died. Died; first death in companv. Died. THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. 199 Date uf Names. -Rant, V Entering the ServUe. Bemarks. BoUinsin, Christian Private. 37 Aug. 1.5, 1862 Died. Cooper, Horace A (( 'lb Aug.1.5, 1862 Killed at Stone River, Nov. '62. Cripliver, James it 18 Aug. 15 1.S62 Died. Chappel, Stanton i( 27 Aug.1.5, 1862 Died. Dufiy, John " 4.5 Aug. 15, 1862 Died. Green, Zina (( 28 Aug.1.5, 1862 Died. Fitzgeralil, Patrick it ,S0 Aug.22, 1862 Died. Searles, Francis R '• 18 Aug.U, 1862 Died. ■Skinner, Isaac u 28 Aug. 8, 1862 Died. Young, Adam u 44 Aug.l:-!, 1862 Died. Welch, .fames (f 29 Aug.lo, 1862 Died. Bailey, Samuel W " 18 Aug.22, 1862 Comhs, Joseph " 2.5 Aug.22, 1862 Fendon. Joseph ii 18 Aug. 13, 1862 Smith, Jonathan (( 23 Aue.15, 1862 ISAAC R. SHERWOOD was born in Stan- ford, Dutchess County, New York, August 1.3, 18.35. His ancestors were among the very earlie.st of the early settlers of New England , Thomas Sherwood, with his wife Alice and four children, having set sail from Ipswich, Eng- land, in 16o4, but 14 years after the landing at Plj-mouth Rock. They belonged to that branch of the English family which entered England with William the Clonqueror, from Normand3-, 1066. Records of Thomas Sherwood are first found at Westerville, later at Fairfield, Con- necticut, where he died, in 1655, as shown by his will, jDrobated that year. In their several lines, his descendants were prominent, as shown by the records of the "Standing Order," and the official lists of the Colonial Training Bands. They were a stalwart race, of powerful phy- sique, and great powers of endurance and lon- gevit}-; of firm, inflexible will and staid and sober habits. Isaac R. is a descendant, in the seventh generation, of Thomas Sherwood, as follows: Captain Matthew Sherwood, born 1043 (Marj- Fitch); Captain Samuel Sherwood, born 1680 (Eebecca Burr); Captain John Sherwood, born 1705 (Mary Walker); Captain Samuel Sherwood, born 1730 (Ruth Sherwood); Isaac Sherwood, a private in the Revolution (Drusilla Morehouse); and Aaron Sherwood (Maria Y'"ou- mans). In the maternal line he is descended from early Colonial families, except, that his mother (daughter of Peter Y'oumans and Anna Camjjbell) was of a Scotch family, which came to America near the close of the last century. Captain John Sherwood was a leader in the "Separatist" movement that followed the preaching of Eev. George Whitefield, and be- came the first Pastor of the old Stratfield Church, first gathered at his dwelling-house, October, 1751. While preaching he continued in command of the Training Band, and made himself fiiinous, on a Training Day, for defeat- ing a greased and nalced Indian, in a wrestling match, for which duty he had been formally chosen by his fellow-townsmen. Isaac Sher- wood, grandfather of the subject of this sketch, took up land in Dutchess County, New York, under the New Hampshire grants, prior to the Hevolution, and defended his rights with the " Green Mountain Bo3-s " under Ethan Allen. He served thi-ough the Eevolutioii with the Cavalry, and was of the body-guard of General Gates at the battle of Stillwater, 1777. He was a local magistrate and a member of the New York Legislature. Aai-on Sherwood, the father of Isaac R., was enrolled with the troops of War of 1812-15, and marched to the Hudson Eiver, but being unable for service, his brother took his place in the ranks. He was an inven- tor and 7iiade many improvements in mill and farm machinery. The father dying when Isaac E. was nine years old, his uncle, Daniel Sher- wood, became his guardian. He was a man of sterling character, a leading Democrat, and a member of the New York Legislature when Silas Wright was Governor. He exerted a marked influence upon his nephew, and dis- suaded him from entering West Point Military Academy. In 1852, Isaac E. entered the Hudson Eiver Institute, Claverack, New York, and in 1854 went to Antioch College, Ohio, which had a National repute under Horace Mann. After two years at Antioch, having read law with Judge Hogeboom, at Hudson, 199a HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. New York, he entered the Ohio Law College, at Po- land, Ohio (later removed to Cleveland). Through- out his College days, he was a frequent contributor to the press. In 18.57, he located at Bryan, Ohio, and Iiublished the Williams County Gazelle, an intensely radical newspaper, which he put in full mourning when John Brown was hung at Harper's Ferry. April 16, 181)1, the day following President Lincoln's call for Volunteers, he left the office of Probate Judge and his newspaper business in the bands of others to enlist as a private in the Fourteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Colonel James B. Steedman commanding. He was with the advance guard over the West Vir- ginia mountains and was in the first battles of the war, at Laurel Mountain, Cheat River and Carrick's Ford. He was critically ill the summer after his re- turn, having served four months. He resigned the office of Probate Judge to .serve in the One Hundred and Eleventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was mus- tered in at Toledo with his Regiment, and made Adjutant September 8, 1862. Upon recommendation of all the officers of his Regiment he was promoted to Major, February 14, 1863. He commanded the Regi- ment throughout its entire field service, beginning with the John Morgan campaign in Kentucky, 1863, to the muster-out, embracing 31 engagements. In the East Tennessee campaign (Winter of 186.3-64), he shared all the hardships with his men. Without tents, short of clothing and rations, and exposed to pitiless storms of sleet and snow, they gave a new emphasis to their patriotism by oflering their services far another three years in the Veteran Enlistment, then progressing. During the 17 days' siege of Knox- ville and in the battles jireceding and following, the One Hundred and Eleventh, under his command, bore a gallant part. They covered the retreat of Burnside's Army from the Holstein River to .Strawberry Plains, and were three days and nights without sleep or ra- tions, harassed by Longstreet's Cavalry, as they fell back on Knoxville, fighting their way, step by step. At Campbell's Station, where the One Hundred and Eleventh, lying prostrate, supported Henshaw's Bat- tery, in that furious storm of shot and shell, Major Sherwood lost the hearing of his right ear from the concussion of a shell. For gallant conduct in this campaign he was complimented in the official reports of Colonel Chapin, Second Brigade, and General "White, Second Di\'ision, Twenty-Third Corps, and personally by General Burnside, at Campbell's Sta- tion, in the presence of the assembled forces. At Knoxville he was ordered by General Burnside to hold the One Hundred and Eleventh in readiness to strengthen any portion of the line attacked, and for seven days and nights they lay on their arms in the Streets, their rations reduced to bran bread, and little of that. In Longstreet's charge on Fort Saunders they went to the relief on the double-quick. Major Sherwood was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel Feb- ruary 2, 1864, and to Colonel, September 8, 1864. In the Atlanta campaign (1864), in which the Regiment was 90 days under fire. Colonel Sherwood was never absent from his Regiment, which bore a conspicuous part in those fierce battles. At Lost Mountain he commanded a Division of Skirmishers. He jiarticu- larly distinguished himself by riding at the head of the Regiment in the charge down the steep slopes at Resaca, where the Second Brigade lost 679 men out of the 1,300 who went into the first action. The prin- cipal engagements of this campaign were those of Rocky Face, Resaca (two days). New Hope Church, Dallas, Peach Tree Creek, Lost Mountain, Pine Moun- tain, Kenesaw, Nickajaek Creek, Chattahoochie, De- catur, Burnt Hickory, Atlanta (July 22 and 27), Utoy Creek, and Lovejoy Station. In the Hood campaign, 1864, fought by General George H. Thomas, after General Sherman had set out on his March to the Sea, Colonel Sherwood, while in command of the One Hundred and Eleventh Ohio and Twenty-Foui-th Missouri, covered the retreat of Thomas' Army from the battlefield of Columbia (where his command par- ticipated) to Franklin, Tennessee. In the battle of Franklin. November .30th, his position was on the right of the i)ike, near the Carter house, on the left flank. His men fired 200 loundsof ammunition, and many of their guns were made totally worthless from long-continued firing. The lines on the left of the Regiment broke and their trenches were occupied by Hood's advance, but the command soon recovered, and when their ammunition was gone, tney fought with muskets clubbed and bayonets. Their colors, rid- dled to shreds, in many battles, were captured and re- captured, and are now in the State Capitol at Columbus. General Orders No. 7, of the Regular Army officer in command of the Second Brigade. Colonel O. H. Moore, issued at Nashville, Tennessee, December 2, 1864, contained the following: "The heroic spirit which inspired the command was forcibly illustrated b}' the One Hundred and Eleventh Ohio Infantry on the left flank of the Brigade. When the enemy carried the works on their left, they stood firm and crossed bay- onets with them, holding their ground." During the closing hours of the engagement Colonel Sherwood was in command of the Brigade. In recognition of his services the Ohio civilians in Tennessee presented him with an elegant sword, in a silver scabbard, aj)- propriately inscribed. The officers of his Brigade and Di\nsion forwarded a recommendation to the Secretary of War, asking his promotion, in pursuance of which President Lincoln made him a Brevet Brig- adier-General, for long and faithful service, and con- spicuous gallantry at the battle of Franklin. Colonel Sherwood commanded the Regiment in the two days' fighting at Nashville, and followed Hood's retreating army to the Tennessee River, near luka, Mississippi. From there they were transferred to Washington, and by Sea to North Carolina, participating at Fort An- derson, Town Creek, Goldsboro, and in the final sur- render, near Raleigh. In July. 1865, General "Sher- wood was ordered by Secretary Stanton to report to Major-Geueral Saxton, for duty in Florida, with the rank and pay of Brigadier-General, but he preferred to retire to private life, and was mustered out with his Regiment at Cleveland, July 15, 1865. In a fare- well address, a copy of which was presented to each THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. 200 Veteran of the command, he extolled their virtues in War, and urged them to be equally true to the issues of peace. Taking up his residence in Toledo, he was for some time a conductor of the Toledo Commercial ; and disposing of his interest in that paper, he was for a time on the editorial staff of the Cleveland Leader. In the Fall of 1S6G he resumed the i)ublication of the Bryan Pre»s, and in 1S08 was elected Secretary of State, and was re-elected in 1870, serving for four years. He organized the Bureau of Statistics and is- sued four annual reports, widely commented upon for their accurate exhibits. In 1872 he was elected to Congress from the Sixth Congressional District, and served on the Committee on Eailroads and Canals. From 1875 to 1886. he published the Toledo Journal. In 1S79 he was elected Probate Judge of Lucas County, and was re-elected in 1882. serving .six years. He is a member of the fraternity of Masons and Odd Fellows, and of For.syth Post, No. 15, De- partment of Ohio Grand Army of the Republic. He was one of the first members of the Society of the Army of the Ohio and of the Army of the Cumber- land, and contributed a War poem to the first Re- union of the former at Cincinnati, 1866. General Sherwood was married September 1, ISoi), with Miss Katharine Margaret Brownlee, daughter of Judge James Brownlee, of Poland, Mahoning County, Ohio, who early became associated with him in journalistic work. She contributed to leading periodicals, and has published a volume of patriotic selections, enti- tled "Camp Fire and Memorial Poems." Her verses appear in several standard volumes, including the " Union of American Poetry and Art," and 'Through the Year with the Poets." In 1883 she served as National President of the Woman's Relief Corps, Auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic, and for some years has edited the Woman's Department of the National Tribune, Washington. D. C. General Sherwood has two children — James Brownlee and Lenore Kate Sherwood. James H. Slierwood, of the Northwestern RepxMican.'W nuseon, Ohio, is a brother. Their mother still lives, aged 86. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. This Regimeut was organized as three years' troops, as other like comiiiauds iu the United States service. It was constituted December 25, 1863, of four Companies before knovpn as "The Hoflfmau Battalion," raised in 1862, to which were added six new Companies, mus- tered in at Camp Taylor, Cleveland, January 8 and 15, 1864. The Battalion had been mainh- on guard dtity at Johnson's Island since its muster-in. In the Fall of 1863, as the result of repeated alarms touching apprehended attempts for the release of the Rebel prisoners at that point, the force on guard was materially strengthened, in Artillery and Cavahy as well as Infantry. January 13, 1864, the First Brigade, Third Division, Sixth Corjjs, including five Regiments, arrived at Sanduskj', of which four Regiments, with General Shaler, were stationed on the Island, the other Regiment, with General H. D. Terrj', commanding the whole, stopping at Sandusky. April 14, 1864, General Shaler, with three Regiments, left to rejoin the Sixth Corps in the field ; other portions of the force leaving for Camj) Dennison. Soon after, the six new Companies of the One Hundred and Twentj-Eighth were removed to the Island, the Regiment then being for the first time united as one command, under Colonel Charles W. Hill, who, in May, 1864, succeeded General Terry in command of the Island. Troops of various commands were frequently arriving and departing. OHIO VOLUNTEER The One Hundred and Twenty Eighth from the first was kept under strict drill and disci- pline. The condition of the Island, and its docks, roads and barracks, demanded heavy work for the provision of means for defense, for proper quarters, sanitary needs, etc., which gave abundant employment for the troops sta- tioned there. The strength of the Regiment was seriously reduced from May until late in the Fall by detachments sent off and kept awaj- for long periods on special duty, thus devolving guard duty on comparatively a small force. As the result of constant alarms in regard to raids for the release of the prisoners and of the uprising of these, the construction of three Forts was undertaken by the Government in the Fall of 1864. One of these was on Cedar Point, mouth Sandusky Bay, o])posite the Island; and two on the Island. It was ex- pected this work would be performed bj^ hired laborers, but these were scarce and Colonel Hill found it necessary to employ his men for the work, the larger portion of which was done by them, at most inclement seasons, without extra pay, and at a time when other details made heavy drafts upon them. The result was the accomplishment of service highly creditable to the command. The often scattered condition of the One Hundred and Twenty-Eighth Regiment was a serious obstacle to due discipline and drill ; 200a HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LVCAS COUNTY. yet these were maintained in liigh degree throughout. Many of its officers and men had served in the War, some having been discharged for disability ; yet for the particular service of the Island, they were well qualified. It was expected that upon the completion of the defenses at Sandusky Bay, the Eegiment would be relieved by other troops, and permitted to go to the field, which was earnestly desired by both oflicers and men ; but the collapse of the Rebellion prevented this. The honors of the command, however, were none the less, that it was not allowed the privilege so much desired, while faithfully meeting the important duties devolved upon it. In the Spring of 1865, the number of prisoners was reduced to 150, and on the 10th July, the Eegiment left the Island for Camp Chase, where it was mus tered oiit on the 17th. PARTIAL ROSTER THREE-YEARS' SERVICE. Tbis list is intended to include only the Regiuiental and such of tlie Company oiiicers and enlisted men as were from Lucas County. Ihe list, evidently, is not complete, but is the best that can be prepared from" the rolls in the Adjutant- General's Office, Columbus. Name. Charles W.Hill Wui. S. Pierson Edward H. Scovill Thomas H. Linnell Edward A. Scovill Thomas H. Linnell Junius R. Sanford Timothy Woodbridge _. Wm. Tripp Porter Yates John J. Manor Orlin S. Hayes Charles C. Starr Orlin S. Haves Charles C. Starr Geo. W. Hollenbeck Charles N. Stevens. Geo. W. Hollenbeck. __ Charles X. Stevens Rank. Age. Dale of Bank. Colonel. Lt.-Col. Major. a Surgeon. Asst.Surg. Captain. (( 1st Lieut. t( a 2d Lieut. Dec. Aug. Aug. Mar. Aug. Aug. Mar. Sept. Jan. Jan. Nov. June June Dec. Dec. Sept. Mar. Jan. Nov. 2.5,1863 2o,lS63 6,1863 25,1865 25,1863 29,1864 25,1865 16,1862 4,1864 5,1864 25,1863 26,1865 27,1865 22,1863 22,1 S()3 8,1864 29,1865 5,1863 23,1863 COMPANY A. Nanif. Baker, John Chamberlain, O. N Clinton. William Coder, John Edwards, Hezekiah Richardson, Benj. F._. Williams. Geo. W _ _ Boyd, J.Wesley Burnam, Joel..' Clark, George Cavil, Henry Culver. Thomas Crossett, L. Miles Collier, Isaac Mank. Age. 19 Private. " 35 " 24 '* 38 (( 32 '' 23 Corporal. 29 Private. 18 (( 21 t( 23 " 29 a 18 " 39 (1 29 Date 0/ Hank. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. 26,1864 29,1865 30,1864 24,1864 24,1864 29,1864 22,1864 23,1864 22,1864 23,1864 16,1864 23,1864 23, LSI 14 23 1864 ^^ame. Dill, Lafayette Davis, Charles W._ Davi.'i, William Disher, Jacob Davis, Thomas Eddv, James Forsyth, Alex. C._ Gowman, George Howes, Samuel Haskill. Chauncy.. Hogle, Frank Heater, William Motley, Smith Morris, James Norcross, William. Wailer, Benjamin- Pike, Samuel C Reno, Moses Reno, Adam Reno, John Rufsnyder, F. B Stimson, Walter C. Smith, George A Private. 19 37 20 21 18 23 18 36 35 29 18 '^2 34 19 27 39 33 31 23 38 35 32 Date 0/ Rank. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. rVug. Aug. A ug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. 22,1864 22,1,864 22,1864 20,1864 23,1864 23,1804 22,1864 15.1864 23.1864 23,1864 22,1864 22,1864 23,1864 22.1864 22,1864 23,1863 22,1863 23,1863 23,1863 23.1863 22,1863 15,1863 16,1863 COMPANY B. Name. Bank. Age. Date of Sank. Allen, S. F Private. 34 Aug. 25,1863 Buzzell, Nathaniel 36 Aug. 29,1863 Lacv, Geo. W . _ . IS Aug. 24,1863 Richeson, Daniel H 34 Aug. 24,1863 Scott, Charles. .. . 36 Aug. 24,1863 Aug. 29,1863 Whiteman, Reason 22 Wright, John W 26 Aug. 29,1863 Brimacoinb, John 25 Aug. 22,1863 Dech, Daniel. . 18 31 Aug. 23,1863 Ireland, Hezekiah Aug. 22,1863 Lester, Alonzo 35 Aug. 22,1863 Mvres, Emerv. . 33 38 Aug. 23,1863 Wilnor, Leroy.. . . Aug. 20,1863 Mercerson, Chas. W _. 18 Aug. 22,1863 Miller, Francis 29 Aug. 23,1863 Alurdock, John. ''2 Aug. 23,1863 Piukerton, Horace If) Aug. 22,1863 Roberts, ( hauncy H ._ " 29 Aug. 22,1863 Robinson, George 27 Aug. 22,1863 Robinson, Daniel _ . 43 Aug. 23,1863 Reed, Charles 18 Aug. 23,1863 Shepler, Pius L 29 Aug. 23,1863 Sloan, Horatio C 28 Aug. 15,1863 Whiton, Josiah B 38 Aug. 19,1864 Wall, J. V 22 Aug. 14,1864 COMPANY C. Name. Alex. M. Samuel Ballever, Aaron Mahlon, Paul R Alexander, Chas. H Hinsdale, E. R Miller, Conrad Maloy, Wm. A Peters, Wm Williams, George W... Hamilton, P. H Norcross, Jos. 0. (died). Jia7ik. Age. Sergeant. 19 Private. 24 21 45 31 27 28 30 20 21 19 May Mav May June Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Julv May Aug. 1862 1862 1862 1862 1864 1864 1864 1864 1862 1862 1864 THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. 201 COMPANY D. Name. Rank. Age. 34 23 36 29 DaieoS Sank. Gaskill, William Knight, Wra. K Kenyon, \Vm Myers, Otto Private. Aug. 23,1864 Aug. 22,1864 Aug. 23,1864 Aug. 17,1864 COMPANY G. Name. Nor. N. Allen L. P. DuBois Albert A. Legg George A.Wood Milton J. Justice AVillard Houghton .__ Joseph Stelzell Jon. H. Adams James F. Eaton AVm. C. Britton Jeremiah Loucke Timothy Felt Adams, Joseph Allen, John Auspaugh, Henry . Brailey, John Brailev, Elijah Bliss, Robert A Bamberger, John Brown, John A Campbell. Svlvanus Caster, Eli E" Delarber, John Davis, John W Donovan, John DiUman, Augustus C_. Fleig, Anton Friend, Henry Gignac, Napoleon Gillett, Joseph Griffin, Benj. F Graves, Conrad Greenman, Samuel Gitner, Marshall Gordon, Daniel Hall, John Harroun, Henry Harrigan, Daniel Heath, Francis M luscho, Edwin Jones, Iloyal C Kellv, Francis M Kelly, Eli..„ Kendall, George King, Elias O Kirk, Joshua Krist, Michael Bank. Age. Date of Rank. Sergeant. 18 Dec. 9,1863 " 26 Dec. 19,1863 22 Dec. 16,1863 27 Dec. 8,1863 Corporal. 34 Dec. 19,1863 (( 22 Dec. 17,1863 *' 38 Dec. 24,1863 '* 19 Dec. 5,1863 25 Dec. 16,1863 (( 24 Dec. 8,1863 " 25 Dec. 14,1863 Musician. 29 Dec. 9.1863 Private. 30 Dec. 4,1863 u 24 Dec. 16 1863 (1 '>2 Aug 24,1864 il 33 Dec. 4,1863 ii 21 Dec. 14,1863 *' 22 Dec. 11,1863 (C 32 Deo. 15,1863 11 99 Dec. 14,1863 il 18 Dec. 9,1863 il 21 Dec. 9.1863 (( 27 Dec. 14,1863 " 25 Dec. 4,1863 a 22 Dec. 12,1863 " 19 Dec. 8,1863 (( 22 Dec. 1.5,1863 11 23 Dec. 21,1863 11 19 Dec. 14,1863 a 29 Dec. 15,1863 " 24 Dec. 14,1863 (( 28 Dec. 16,1863 11 28 Dec. 16,1863 il 25 Dec. 9,1863 *' 36 Dec. 4,1863 il 27 Dec. 19,1863 11 22 Dec. 17,1863 t( 24 Dec. 12,1863 n •>o Dec. 14,1863 " 26 Dec. 16,1863 " 33 Dec. 8,1863 It 18 Dec. 26,1863 *' 24 Dec. 16,1863 " 36 Dec. 15,1863 il 20 Dec. 7,1863 11 28 Dec. 18,1868 il 35 Dec. 16,1863 Name. Sank. Age. Date of Sank. Mills, Wm. S Private. 23 Dec. 11,1863 Miley, Thomas ft 21 Dec. 17,1863 Mar.sh, Henry _i (( 23 Dec. 17,1863 Mannon, Jacob G " 19 Dec. 8 1863 Mclntyre, Porter W (( 20 Dec. 12,1863 Patton, James D it 24 Dec. 14,18(i3 Peabody, James B " 19 Dec. 14,1863 Peabodv, Jolin S. M (( 22 Dec. 11,1863 Phillips, John u 23 Dec. 11,1863 Paulson, William N (t 27 Dec. 7,1863 Paulson, James (( 19 Dec. 17,1863 Peron, John. . __ u li 36 19 Dec. 19 1863 Renlapaugh, John. Dec. 12,1863 Rejiass, (icrard A (( 18 Dec. 9,1863 Rodd, Charles (( 19 Dec. 14,1863 Shanley, George (1 28 Dee. 10,1863 Shank, Henry _ ... _ '* •}'> Dec. 11,1863 Showman, John H (( 23 Dec. 21,186;! ShuU, Isaiah.. .... . 11 23 21 Dec. 18,1863 Smith, Edwin Dec. 2:), 1863 Spaulding, William '* 24 Dec. 9,1863 Stough, Henry. (( 09 Aug. 2:',, 1864 Thompson, Samuel (i 36 Aug. 31,1864 Wales, William R ** 18 Dec. 18,1863 Wales, Ralph W 1( 20 Dec. 26,1 SI i3 Watson, William '* 22 Dec. 17,1863 Weston, John H •' ,34 Dec. 14,1863 Wickwire, Alfred S (( 34 Dec. 18,1863 Morton, Helon C Corporal. 26 Dec. 19,1863 Young, Charles Musician. 18 Dec. 4,1863 Brown, Oscar A Private. 24 Dec. 11,1S(;:! Cunningham, Geo. W__ '(( 28 Dec. 14,1.S(;3 Coe, Henry B.. ... . u 28 43 Dec. 19,186;', Rathburn, Francis Dec. 4.186:; Spaulding, John (( 34 Dec. 9,186;; Boyd, Weslev J (1 18 Aug. 2;;,is64 Collier, Isaac (( 29 Aug. 2;;,is64 Heiner, Jacob F IstSergt. 24 Dec. 8.1S63 Bale, William (died). .. Private. 38 Dec. 8,186;; Smith, John (died) t( 19 Dec. 14,1863 Bates, Charles F a 38 Dec. 2,1863 Beckwith, Francis (( IS Dec. 17.1863 Roberts, Frank (t 28 Dec. 24,1863 COMPANY I. Name. Higher, Hugh Overmire, Washington. Stickney, Malcom Van Houten. Peter Crosby, Thomas W Bird, William Fields, Hiram Mayer, Albert Woolever, William Thomas, David Sank. Private. Corporal. Private. ilge. Datr of Sank. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. 26,1863 28,1863 28,1863 2;?,lS(i;! 22,1S(>3 22,1863 22,1863 22,1863 22,1863 Aug. 2:5,1864 ONE HUNDEED AND THIETIETH EEGIMENT, OHIO VOLUNTEEE INFANTEY. Since the preceding history of thi.s Eegiment the service May 2d, and was mustered out was printed (jwiges 109, 110), its roster so far September 22, 1864. aa Lucas County is concerned, has been ob- Note.— Casualties are noted as follows: *Died; taiued as here given. The command entered t discharged ; t rejected ; J captured. 202 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. ROSTER— ONE HUNDRED DAYS' SERVICE. Names. Charles B. Phillips.. John Faskin Elijah B. Hall .SaiMUul S. Thorne James W. Alderman Minot I. Wilcox Calvin Hathawav Will B. Dix ". Will H. Burritt William Barge James B. Carpenter. . John B. Fella George T. Watson Volney Moore Bank. Colonel Lieut. Colonel-. Major Surgeon Chaplain Quarter Master. Asst. Surgeon_. Adjutant Sergt. Major Sen. Musician.. Jun. •' Hosp. Steward. Com. Sergeant.. Q. M. Sergeant. COMPANY A. Name. Sylvester Brown Wesley Chamberlain James C. Messer John Mack Wm. Sexton Thomas Rideout Warren Whitmore Henry Munday Predorn Martin James H. Crane James L. Johnson James B. Ten Eyck Amos W. Crane Tou.ssaint Navarre John Campbell Myron H. Parmelee Lewis E. Bassett Arquett, Stephen Ackerman, I. Christopher Amies, Nelson P Brown, Augustus Bartlett, Gilbert Brown, Loren A .. Bean, William H Bean, We.sley Burt, Edward Brown, John L Britton, Bradford Buckley, Azel Blanch, Phihp Branisch, John Cunningham, Wm* Chamberlain, Robert V__., Consaul, Lewis Danzey, John .__ Debolt, Amos M Delge, Oliver French, James E Gaetz, .lacob F Gardner, Nathan Gilson, George W Hoyt, Noah Hoereing, John Hunt, Luther Hart, Martin L Jones, Lucerne Kohner, Henry Mosher, Eugene Moore, Trayton Rank. Ca >tain. 43 1st -jeut. 41 2d Lieut. 28 1st Sergeant. 22 Sergeant. 30 " 39 (f 20 28 Corporal. 27 (( 30 24 C( 25 urg under Burnside, December 10th, nth, 12th, 15th, it there used nearly ],0()O shells. In January, 1863, the Battery was with ad- vance in Burnside's "mud-march" up the Rapid Ann River, being one of the few Bat- teries to reach the River bank, and be placed in position to cover the crossing. In the Chan- cellorsville campaign it was part of the force sent below Fredericksburg to cover the crossing of the Sixth Corps; and then with the Third Corps making a forced night march to Chan- cellorsville Saturday afternoon. May 2d, when Jackson flanked and crushed the right of the Army. The Battery, with Tenth and Eleventh New York Batteries, was near Hazle Grove, without support ; but bravely stood by its guns in tlie terribly desperate situation, checkingthe extreme right of Jackson's advance, and hold- ing open a road for the return of Sickles's Third Corps. For such timely service, the three Batteries were warmly, and witii much feeling, thanked by General Sickles on the spot, before the smoke of battle had cleared. With day- light Sunday morning, the Infantry went to the rear, with the two New York Batteries, leaving Battery H to hold the advance or exposed posi- tion at Hazle Grove, while the lines were being re-formed near the Chancellorsville House. It was a hot and lively place, but the Battery did not leave until ordered, and after losing three guns. When near the Chancellorsville House, General Hooker rode up to the Battery, saying ; " You have done splendidly. I saw you fight, and (lid not expect you could get out. You have done your share." The Division (Whipples' of the Third Corps), to which the Battery belonged, being badly cut up at Chancellorsville, was now broken u]), and H was placed in the Reserve Artillery. Staying there but a few daj^s, it was sent uj) the River on picket at Banks's Ford, with Ayres's Brigade, Fifth Corps. General Ayres had just been promoted from command of a Regular Battery, and he had the frankness to compliment the Ohio boys on their disci- pline, drill, etc., as he did not expect as much in a Volunteer Battery. Good autiiiirity and high praise. With Sikes's Division, Fifth Corps, as rear guard to the Army, was made the memoi-abie and fatiguing march to Manassas Junction via Catlett's, across Bull Run battlefield, joining the Reserve Artillery at Fairfax C. IT.. June 17, 1863. It marched with the Reserve to Gettysburg, taking part in that battle, July 2d and 3d, in position on Cemetery Ridge, near where now stands the monument in the National Cemetery. It went into action under lire, taking the place of a crippled Battery, and staying until the fighting was over. Left Get- tysburg with the Reserve Artillery July 5tli, crossed the Potomac at Berlin July 18th, strolled along with the Army in Virginia heat and dust until August Sth, when it was sent to Rappahannock Station, to the Fii'st Corps; going into position on the picket line for more than a month, when it advanced with tiie Army_ to the Rapid Ann River, and was put on picket^ at Robinson's Ford, near to Cedar Mountain, for over two weeks, under continual fire, where it learned the full meaning of being ''in re- serve." In October, 1863, the Battery moved with the Army back to Centerville, and as the advance to Brandy Station. On Ohio election-day (October 13th), the Battery was on the march ; but the bovs organ- ized an Election Board, and voted for John Brough to be Governor of Ohio. It was unani- mous. The ''polls were opened " at ditterent hours, as the exigencies of the march allowed, the ballot-box being carried on the pommel of an oflicer's saddle. The result was, that the balloting took place in three difterent Counties of Vii-ginia. In the advance about November 4, 1863, the Battery was on duty at Kelley's Ford with the Third Corps. As a portion of the Reserve Artillery, it took part in the severe Mine Run 208 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. campaign. It spent the "Winter at Brandy Sta- tion, where it was refitted with a liberal supplj^ of recruits. During this time, Captains Hunt- ington and Norton left the Battery. May 4, 18li4, the Battery, in excellent trim, entered the Wilderness campaign under Grant. Captain Dorsej- took command May IGth. The Reserve Artillery was then broken up, and Battery H became part of the Sixth Corps, and was with it at Spottsylvania, Phillips' Store and Jericho Mills. It was part of the troops making the rapid night march of 30 miles to get to the Pamunky Paver and Hanover Town. Reaching Cold Harbor, June 1st, in time to be the first Battery of the Sixth Corps in position, it opened tiie fight for them, and had very hard and exposed work for 12 days, when the Army moved across the James River, June 15th, near Wind Mill Point. With Getty's Second Divi sion, Sixth Corps, the Battery made a forced march for a night and day in the heat and sand for Petersburg. Immediately on reaching there, it was put in position on the front line, and for three days and nights had a hot time, fighting and digging, until all were fairly ex- hausted. It took part in the siege-work at Petersburg for some 10 months ; was in Fort Sedgwick (otherwise known as " Fort Hell "), at the timeand just to the left of where the mine was exploded July 30th. It spent some two months in that " Summer Resort," being close to the Rebel lines, and so hot a place naturally, that all agreed that it was rightly named. During the siege-work the Battery occupied Redoubts 13, 14 and 23 ; also. Forts Wilcox, Hayes, Keene and Connelly, taking an active part in the breaking of the lines near Fort Tracy, April 2d; and then was among the sur- plus Batteries sent back t(.) City Point, while the Army made the race for Appomattox, the sur-- render of Lee's Army, and - the end. In May, the Battery marched for Washington, passing through Richmond, Bowling Green, Fredericksburg, &c. Discipline was then slack, and the boys were gay and happy, as they '• went marching home." June 3, 18(i5, they turned in guns and horses at Washington. June 4th, they took cars for Cleveland, Ohio, where they were given a dinner ; and thence to Camp Taylor, where they were mustered out and paid off June 14, 1865. The fortunate escape of the Battery, with a comparatively small list of dead and wounded, considering the exposed positions it was so often in, is a matter of surprise and gratitude. Some half dozen of the horses taken out in 1861, were turned in at the close of the War — " unnamed heroes" and veterans. About 90 members of Battery H reached Toledo at 12:45 P. m. June 15th, with Captain Stephen W. Dorsey, and Lieutenants James Harris, William E. Perigo and William E. Parmelee, Jr. They were met at the Railroad Depot by the Union Silver Band and a large number of citizens, by whom they were escorted to the Dining Hall of the Island House, where a dinner had been prepared for them. The i-oom was ornamented with flags, banners, ever- greens and flowers, including the old flag of the Battery, bearingthe inscriptions, " W^inehester," " Chancellorsville," " Port Republic," " Frede- ricksburg " and " Gettj'sburg." Mayor C. M. Dorr, in behalf of the people of Toledo, wel- comed the heroes home, and thanked them for their long and gallant service. Rev, William W. Williams, Pastor of the First Congregational Church, by request, invoked upon the occasion the Divine blessing, when the meal was par- taken of with a zest. After dinner, the Soldiers wei'e escorted b}- the Band for a distance up Summit street, when they returned to the Island House, and soon departed for their respective homes. At the time, the remarkable exemp- tion of the Battery from sickness, throughout its service, was referred to, the same being accounted for by the almost uniformly excellent habits of its members, among whom there was very little of excess of any kind. Probablj- no other command was marked by greater care in that respect, the effect of which was so plainly noticed in the robust, vigorous condition of the men at the close of their long service. The members of the Battery were given a reception and dinner June 21st, by the citizens of Adams Township and vicinit}-. There w-ere present 1,200 to 1,500 persons. At 11 o'clock A M. the assembly was called to order, and Captain Norton asked to preside. Returning thanks for such compliment, he called upon a choir present to sing, when Elder Seeley ottered prayer. James W. Clark, of Toledo, delivered an appropriate address, welcoming the soldiers to their homes and friends, and briefly recog- nizing the distinguished services of the Battery, Rev. Mr. Page, of Maumee City, addressed the assemblage on the duty of citizens, FoUow'ing THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. 209 these exercises were a general interchange of social greetings between the Soldiers and citi- zens, and the disposal of the bountiful provision of food made for the occasion. The following named members of Battery H were killed, as stated : Private Jacob Jeager, Winche.';ter, March 22, 1802. Sergeant Edward Allen, Port Kopublic, June 'J, 1802. Private John ]McGill, Port Republic, June 9, 1802. Private Phillip Oshnaugh, Port Republic, June 9, 1802. Private Lycurgus Bishop, died of wounds received at Chancellorsville. Private John Jones, died of wounds received at Chancellorsville. Private John Edmunds, died of wounds received at Gettyshurg. Private Henry Schram, Gettysburg July 2, 1803. Private Jacob Kirsh, Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Corporal W. D. Perrin, Cold Harbor, June 1, 1864. Private Luther Search, Pctcrslniig, Jan. 18, ISO.'). Private Charles M. Cor.scr, died of wounds received at Petersburg. Private Noah S. Lockwood, died of wounds re- ceived at Petersburg. Following are statistics of the Battery: Names on the roll 202 Killed and wounded in action 28 Died in hospital and camp 1,^ Discharged at expiration of term of enlistment— 30 Discharged on Surgeon's certificates 40 Re-enHsted as veterans 40 Detailed for secret .service at A rmy headquarters 3 Detailed for .service in the Signal Corps 2 Transferred to Veteran Reserves 9 Promotions from the ranks to serve in Battery.. 7 Promotions to other organizations 9 Discharged at Cleveland, June 14, 1805 128 ROSTER OF BATTERY H. Date of Names. Rank. "^ Entering the Service. Xemarks. James F. Huntington .. Captain. Nov. 7, 1801 Resigned October 26, 1863. George W. JNorton '* Oct. 26, 1863 Resigned March 21, 1864. Stephen W. Dorsey *' Apr. 13, 1864 Mustered out with Batterv. George W. Norton 1st Lieut. Nov. 7, 1861 Promoted to Captain. George Davenport " Nov. 7, 1861 Resigned January 7, 1863. Charles G. Mason u Mar. 12, 1862 Resigned April 2(i, 1802. Albert G. Merrill (( Mar. 3, 1804 Resigned October 12,1804. James Harris (( ''I Feb. 8, 1865 Mustered out with Batterv. William H. Perigo (( 21 Feb. 8, 1865 Mustered out with Batterv. Thomas M. Bartlett 2d Lieut. Nov. 7, 1861 Promoted. Martin B. Ewing {( Nov. 7, 1861 Promoted. Albert G. Merrill (( Sept.lo, 1862 Declined promotion. Wm. E. Parmelee, jr ** IS Aug.1.5, 1862 Mustered out with Battery. Frank R. Reckard (< Jan. 7, 1803 Promoted. William A. Ewing '* April 1. 1802 Promoted. Albert Reagler. t( May 9, 1804 Mustered out with Batterv. Lewis B. Maxwell i( May 2, 1805 Mustered out with Battery. Silas H. Judson " Mav 2, 1865 Mustered out with Battery. William H. Perigo. 4C Junel4, 1804 Promoted. Philenzo Norton Q. M. Sgt. 21 Sept.28, 1801 Discharged on expiration of term. James H. Cooper ** 31 Aug. 0, 1862 Mustered out with Batterv. Edward Allen Sergeant. 23 Oct. 22, 1861 Killed at the battle of Port Republic, June 9, I.S(;2. John H. Merrell ii 20 Sept.28, 1861 Discharged on expiration of term. Luke Carr ._ (( 33 Sept.28, 1801 Discharijed on Surgeon's certificate, June :',, I.S05. ^Michael Best.. . <( 23 21 Sept.28, 1861 Sept.28, 180] Mustered out with Battery. Mustered out with Batterv. John E. Wilcox Phil. Simmons (i 24 Sept.28, 1861 Mustered out with Battery. William D. Mann Corporal. 20 Sept.28, 1801 Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, June 9, 1802. George I. Cooper (i 26 Sept.28, 1801 Discharged on expiration of term. John W. Horton t( 25 Feb. 27, 1864 Discharged to accept promotion March 3, 1865. Alonzo J. Thompson .1 22 Nov. 5, 1801 Discharged to accept promotion, .\ugust 7, 1863. William II. H.Smith... (( 21 Oct. 24, 1801 Discharged to accept promotion Deccml)er 4, I.S02. Samuel W. Cass. . " 22 Sept.28, 1801 Transferred to Signal Corps. W. D. Perrin _ (( 20 Nov. 4, 1861 Killed at Cold Harbor, June 1, isi;4. John W. Aikens (( 27 Sept.28, 1801 Mu.stered out with Battery. Jasper Playden (( 20 Sept.2S, 1801 Mustered out with Batterv. George Konimer. (( 21 Oct. 24,1861 Mustered out w ith Battery. Cecil A. Hall 18 18 Aug. .5,1802 Aug. 11, 1862 Mustered out with Battery. Mastered out with Battery. John T. Lucas..-.! Lemuel H. Hooker (t 30 Aug. 20, 1802 Mustered out with Battery. Geo. F. Spencer (( 21 Aug. 5,1802 Mustered out with Battery. t4 210 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Namei. John L. Wiltse Orin C. Dority J. Lansing Prav Herbert H. Walker.. Michael G. Tyler Ames, Newton Aikens, Alonzo S Aikens, Geo. W Bemis, Charles S. Brown, Wni. J Bayliss, Samuel firmer, Joseph H Briner, Wm. H Baker, Frank Burt, Theo Corlett, Wm Cooper, Amos Corser, Charles M Cass, Wm. H Cor.sou, Robert Canfield, Henry C.__ Connor, George M._- Cotherall, .Silas J Cass, Henry A Cook, .lames I) Clark, Wm. R Cassady, Geo. A Demolt, John Dodd, Henry W Davis, Charles F Davis, Sylvester Doyle, Michael F Eaton, Wm. F Eddy, N. Bennett Edmonds, John N Fletcher, Stillman Fitzgerald, M Foreman, Jacob Ferris, Albert Fisher, Louis Frish, Mathias Furgerson, Geo. R Grover, Eugene W Goodrich, Stephen Himmelspech, C Holloway, Geo. W Hooker, Geo Hetrick, Thomas C - _ Hill, James B Hopkins, Edwin P Hunker, John J Hutchinson, Wm. C_ Kidder, AVm. H Isham, Henry Isham, John. Jay, Samuel Jacobs, Lewis Jerome, Samuel C Jacobs, Edward D Jacobs, Spencer Jacobs, Gilbert Lewis, Fred Lewis, David Lewis, Adelbert Lutz, Nicholas Lewis, Casper F Lewis, Wm Lee, Martin Lockwood, Noah S Jerome, S. B Marston, Edward P McCord, B. F Sank. Corporal. It Bugler. Artificer. Private. 21 19 25 21 25 26 21 24 20 18 33 42 19 18 33 22 18 25 20 25 28 23 22 .30 23 19 17 21 21 21 16 18 15 IS 23 18 20 26 37 27 17 24 21 21 18 17 IS 24 19 19 22 20 21 24 IS 23 24 23 32 45 25 28 18 25 IS 20 IS 33 27 38 20 Date of Entering the Service. Aug. 6,1862 Aug. 5,1862 Sept. 28, 1861 Aug. 6,1862 Sept. 28,1861 Sept. 28,1861 Sept. 28,1861 Sept. 28,1861 Sept. 28,1861 Nov. 5, 1861 July 22, 1862 Sept. 28,1861 July 24, 1862 Feb. 29,1864 Jan. 24, 1864 Sept. 28,1861 Sept. 28,1861 Sept. 28,1861 Aug. 1,1862 Dec. 17, 1861 Feb. 28,1864 Sept. 28,1861 Sept. 28,1861 Aug. 11,1862 Feb. 3,1864 Feb. 29,1864 Nov. 11,1864 Sept. 28,1861 Oct. 26, 1861 Aug. 9,1862 Aug. 11,1862 Feb. 29,1864 Feb. 8,1864 Feb. 16,1864 Sept. 28,18(!1 Aug. 6,1862 Oct. 26,1864 Oct. 19, 1864 Aug. 11,1862 Nov. 16,1864 Nov. 17,1864 Sept. 28,1861 Sept. 28,1861 Aug. 6,1862 Sept. 28,1861 July 26.1862 Aug. 5,1862 Feb. 8,1864 Nov. 16,1864 Oct. 26, 1861 Oct. 21,1861 Sept. 28, 1861 Feb. 29, 1864 Aug. 1,1862 Aug. 5, 1865 Feb. 13,1864 Sept. 28, 1864 Sept. 28, 1864 Sept. 28, 1864 Oct. 1.5,1861 Oct. 15, 1861 Oct. 29,1861 Dec. 31, 1863 Aug. 25, 1864 Aug. 25, 1864 Feb. 24, 1S64 Feb. 27, 18(i4 Feb. 29, 1864 Aug. 11,1862 Sept. 28, 1861 Sept. 28, 1861 Oct. 28, 1861 Remarks. Mustered out with Battery. Mustered out with Battery. Transferred to Signal Corps. Mustered out with Battery. Mustered out with Battery. Died June 5, 1.S63. Died Februarj', 1864. Mustered out with Battery. Discharged at expiration of term. Discharged at expiration of term. Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, December 26, 1862. Mustered out with Battery. Mustered out with Battery. Mustered out \\\X\\ Battery. Blustered out with l?attery. Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, July 1, 1863. Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, March 22, 1863. Died of wounds. Died of wounds, August 2, 1864. Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, January 1, 1863. Discharged to accept promotion. jNIustered out with Battery. Mustered out with Battery. IMustered out with Battery. Mustered out \\'ith Battery. Mustered out with Battery. Mustered out with Battery. Discharged at expiration of term. Discharged at expiration of term. Mustered out with Battery. Mustered out with Battery. Mustered out with Battery. Mustered out with Battery. Mustered out with Battery. Died of wounds received "at Gettysburg. Mustered out with Battery. Mustered out with Battery. Died at Annapolis, August, 1863. Died at Annapolis, August, 1863. Mustered out with Battery. Mustered tmt with Battery. Mustered out with Battery. Mustered nut with Battery. Mustered out with Battery. Discharged at expiration of term. Mustered out v\ith Battery. Mustered out \\itli Battery. Mustered out with Battery. Mustered out with Battery. Discharged at expiration of term. Transferred to Navy. Died. Mustered out with Battery. Mustered out with Battery. Mustered out with Battery. Mustered out with Battery. Mustered out with Battery. Mustered ^mi with Battery. Discharged at expiration of term. Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. Discharged at expiration of term. Mustered out with Battery. IMustered out with Battery. Mustered out with Battery. Mustered out with Battery. Mustered out with Battery. Mustered out with Battery. Died of wounds. Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. Discharge4 M.o. Julv22,'(i5. John M. Raymond Mav 2.5, 1864 Died Nov. 18,'()3. 2d Lieutenant— Wm. H. II. Smith.... Nov 9, 1862 Pro. to 1st Lieut. John M. Ravniond Jan. 7, 1863 I'ro. to 1st Lieut. Wm. D. Mann Feb. 18, 1864 M.o. July 21, '(i5 212 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. THIED EEGIMENT, OHIO VOLUNTEER CAVALEY. This Eegiment was organized in September, 18(11, at Camp Worcester, Monrocville, Huron County, and January 14, 18()2, moved to Camp Dennison. In February it proceeded to Jef- fersonville, Indiana, and tbence to Nashville, Tennessee, arriving there March 18th, and leaving on the 29th for Pittsburg Landing. On the march (April 4th) General Buell detached the P'irst Battalion, sending it to Lawrence- burg, Tennessee, against Biffle's Eebel Cavalry, which was met and driven from the town. The Battalion rejoined the Eegiment at Savannah, whence that force moved in advance of Buell's Army, reaching Pittsburg Landing April 25th, going into camp four miles from the Eiver. May 4th the First Battalion went an recon- noissance, marching as far as Monterey, and was ordered to cross Chamber's Creek, where the enemy was met and driven back to its main force. The Eegiment then moved within 10 miles of Corinth, where a brisk enagement took place between the First Battalion and a Rebel force, resulting in the retirement of the Battalion. May 27th the Eegiment discovered the enemy in force on the railroad west of Corinth, engaged and routed them. June 1, 1862, the First Battalion was de- tached to join General T. J. Wood's Division, leaving the balance of the Eegiment at Cor- inth. The Eegiment was re-united June 19th, at Tuscumbia, lying there in camp until the 30th, when it went to Mooresville, via Court- land and Decatur. It lay thei'e until Julj- 9th, when the Second and Third Battalions were ordered to Woodville, 30 miles east of Hunts- ville. July 13tb the First Battalion marched to Huntsville, going into camp there on the 14th. On the 15th the Battalion went to Shelbyville, to defend that Town from appre- hended attack; and on the 18tli returned to Winchester. July 29th, Major Foster, with the Battalion and two companies of Infantry, went to Salem, and there captured from the enemy 89 head of cattle. Leaving Winchester August 14th, the Divi- sion and Eegiment moved to McMinnville, via Manchester. On the 29th the Fir.st Battalion was ordered to cross the Cumbei-land Mountains to Dunlap, to ascertain the" enemy's jjosition. On the way Eebel messengers were captured, bearing dispatches from Bragg to Wheeler, then north of McMinnville. The force then returned to its Division. September 3d the Division marched to Nashville, arriving there the 6th, and the 7th marched to Gallatin. Leaving that point on the 9th on a forced march for Bowling Green, Kcntuckj-, to get there ahead of Bragg's forces, it arrived there on the 10th, after marching 34 miles f>er day. The 16th it marched for Munfordsville, en- camjjing at Cave City the 20th. On the 21st the First Battalion had a sharp engagement at Munfordsville with a Eebel force three times its number, and in three charges drove them into their works, losing two killed and 12 wounded, while the enemy lost 38 killed and 60 wounded. Among the Eebel killed was Lieutenant-Colonel Brown. September 22d,the Division marched for Louisville, arriving on the 25th. October 1st the pursuit of Bragg's Army was resumed, and near Beardstown the First Battalion of the Third Cavalry, re-enforced by two Companies of Second and Third Ken- tucky Cavalrj', attacked the enemy 1,200 strong, but without success, losing .six killed, 20 wounded and 17 captured. Major Foster being among the disabled. The Second and Third Battalions, under Colonel Zahm, during a portion of the Summer of 1862, were stationed at Woodville, Alabama, guarding a railroad. Eepeated attacks by Eebel guerrillas made this duty one of great activity and fatigue. An expedition under Major Paramore, to Guntersviile, on the Ten- nessee, resulted in driving the Eebel guerrillas from that section, with a loss to the command of six men killed and several wounded, the enemy suffering more severely'. For about four months this portion of the Eegiment was daih^ engaged in scouting and skirmishing with the enemj'. The Second and Third Battalions were now attached to the Second Brigade of Cavalry, under Colonel Lewis Zahm, and went into camp at Murfreesboro, Tennessee. This Brig- ade formed the rear guard of Buell's Army, and guarded its transportation in the pursuit of Bragg to Louisville. Colonel Zahm was highly- complimented by General Buell for his tact in bringing his trains safely through. At Shelbyville the Brigade engaged the advance of Cavalry of Colonel Smith's Eebel Arm^-, THE WAR OF THE REBELLION ~ FIELD WORK. 213 drove them from the Town, capturing many prisoners. During the battle of Perryville the Third Cavalry was engaged with the enemy at the fording of the Kentucky Eiver near Paris; and after that battle it went into camp near Danville. October 19th a detachment of the Regiment under Major Ciiarles Seidel, with a portion of Fourth Oliio Cavalry, in all num- bering 250, was sent, under special orders from General McCook, to escort special couriers to Lexington and Covington, a forced march of 40 miles. The force encamped near the old plantation of Henry Clay at Ashland. At daylight, October 20th, the camp was com- pletely surrounded by John Morgan's force, and made desperate resistance, but wore com- ])olled to yield to superior numbers. After being stripped of their valuables and dis- mounted, they were immediately' paroled, sent into the Union lines and thence to Camp Chase, Ohio. Private Thomas Crofts, in a let- ter to his parents, stated that in the tight he was not more than 50 feet from the Eebel ranks. Nearly everv horse in the Company was killed or disabled. Edwin B. Carr, of East Toledo, and Charles H. Colerain^ of To- ledo, and F. M. Kent, of Bryan, were killed in battle. The forces engaged were 250 Union Cavalrj', and Morgan's 3,400 men and eight mountain howitzers. The number of men paroled was 198, beside officers. After the surrender Private Weis, of the Third Cavalry, asked to be shown General Morgan, when one among the Rebels wa.s ])ointed out as the man. Whereupon Weis at once drew up his carbine, and, before he could be disarmed, took aim and shot down the supposed guerrilla leader, who proved to be Charlton Morgan, a cousin of John. Weis was immediately killed by the infuriate Rebels. The remaining portion of the two Battalions moved from Danville to Bowling Green, and were stationed on the Railroad, with head- quarters at Fountain-Head Station. Morgan's force then occupied Gallatin. Colcyiel Zalim ordered out a detachment on a reeonnoissance toward Gallatin, to learn tlie enemy's strength and position, when Rebel pickets were cap- tured and the required information obtained. Tlie next morning Morgan's camp was at- tacked and his camp equipage and a large number of prisoners captured, Morgan hastily retreating across the Cumberland to Lebanon, Tennessee. Here after a separation of seven months, the throe Battalions of the Third Cavalry met under novel circumstances. Col- onel Zahm, not aware that the First Battalion was in the vicinitj-, on approaching (iallatin from the North, was attacked by a Cavalry force which turned out to be his own First Battalion, which mistake was probably the cause of Morgan's escape and the failure of the expedition, the firing between the two forces giving him notice of the presence of Union troops. From Gallatin the Regiment moved to Harts- ville, Tennessee, there going into cam]). A detachment, under Captain E. M. Colver, went up the Cumberland River to Carthago to in- tercept a large drove of mules and Rebel stores ; and after a chase of 26 miles — fording the River four times — the}- captured the train and drove otf 146 mules, killing three and capturing 17 of the Rebel escort, including two quartermas- ters and a paymaster. In December this ])or- tion of the Regiment moved to near Nashville and were incorporated into the Second Brig- ade of Cavalry, First Cavalry Corps, Army of the Cumberland, under General D. S. Stanley. The First Battalion of the Third now rejoined the Regiment. December 26th the Regiment moved up with its Brigade and took position on the extreme right of Rosecrans's Army, near Franklin. On the 27th an attack was made on Franklin, resulting in completely routing the Rebel force remaining at that place. On the 28th the Brigade engaged the enemy on Wil- kerson Turni^ike beyond Triune, and drove them with severe loss, the Brigade losing a few prisoners. At 2 A. m., December 31st, the First Battalion, being on picket dutj-, apprised Colonel Zahm of the advance of Bragg's Rebel forces. At four o'clock the skirmish-line was driven in and the Brigade attacked hy Wheel- er's Rebel Cavalry. After two hours' fighting, the enemy, through superiority of numbers, forced the main portion of the Brigade from the field, that command suff'ering severely in both officers and men. The enemy had captured McCook's Coi-ps ammunition-train, wlien the Second and Third Battalions, Third Oiiio, after withstanding the shock of battle, remained at their posts, made a gallant dash and recaptured the train, killing a number of Rebels and horses, and taking 140 prisoners. On that daj- the Regiment lost 13 men killed and a large 214 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. luimbor wounded. Jauuai-y 1, 1863, the Third Cavalry bore an active part in escorting a train of 4,000 wagons fi-om Franklin for Nashville, in doing which fierce contests occurred with Wheeler's Rebel Cavalry. After the battle of Stone River, the Third Cavahy was sent in pursuit of the enemy, and near Middleton, Tennessee, attacked his rear- guard and captured one of his trains. While in camp at Murfreesboro, a detachment of the Third Battalion, while on a scout, under Lieu- tenant F. Bernard, was surrounded by Rebels, when they cut their way out, with slight loss, and taking with them a number of jirisoners. About that time the Regiment was in affairs at Milton, Liberty, Readyville, Franklin, Snow Hill, Smithville, Auburn, Manchester and Mc- Minnville, suffering in men killed and wounded and loss of horses. The Regiment bore an active part in the ad- vance of Rosecrans's Array from Murfreesboro, in July, 1863. During the battle of Chicka- mauga, it was at Lafayette, where it was at- tacked and forced back to Charleston, Tennes- see. After the battle, the Third Cavalry moved as the advance of General Crook's forces in pursuit of Wheeler's Cavalry, with which a handsome and successful fight took place at Farmington, the enemy being completely routed, with loss of large numbers in killed and captured. The Third Cavalry lost two men killed and 23 captured. In November, 1863, a portion of the Regiment, under Colonel Seidel, scouted through the mountains of East Ten- nessee. Another detachment, under Captain Richard D. Wood, was engaged about Dalton, Georgia, when Ca^Jtain Wood was killed. About this time an incident occurred which illustrates both the character of the guerrilla warfare which the Union troops were called to meet and the spirit and manner in which it was met. The circumstances of the incident were given at the time, as follows : Lieutenant-Colonel Howland was then Post Com- mander at Decherd, Tennessee. A band of about 50 guerrillas suddenly pounced on a Union man's store at Winchester, three miles West, completely empty- ing it of.iits contents, which afforded a handsome prize to them. As soon as word of the robbery was received at Decherd, a detail from the Third Cavalry was sent after the plunderers ; but in consequence of deceptive information given of the route taken by them, they escaped. Not long afterwards, a force, increased to 150, appeared in the neighborhood, when Lieutenant-Colonel Howland sent Company A, Cap- tain Terry, and Company F. Captain George Williams, of Fremont, in pursuit of them. Coming in sight of them, the scamps, using spurs instead of weapons, incontinently fled. The race was a hard one, during which Captain Williams was thrown by his horse and disabled, but Captain Terry and 15 men soon over- took GO of them, including Colonel Holman, the Rebel officer in command. The enemy made a stand to re- ceive their pursuers ; on perceiving which Captain Terry called on his men to prepare for a sabre-charge, which was no sooner said than done, when the Rebel force of four times their number wheeled and ran, again pursued by the little band. It happened that Colonel Holman's more immediate pursuer w'as Ser- geant Paul Deal, of Fremont, and of Captain Wil- liams's Company. The race between these was long and earnest. The speed of their horses was very nearly equal, and although Deal got so near he could touch Holman, he could not get near enough to hit him a fair blow. While thus near, and both horses at their highest speed, the Rebel Colonel drew his revolver and turning around in his saddle tired three times at Deal, the latter each time parrying the weapon with his sabre so as to divert the shot and save himself from injury. Finally, Holman and several others of the band were captured and returned to Decherd. The Rebel leader was warm in his admi- ration of Sergeant Deal, pronouncing him the bravest and coolest man he had met, and insistingthat his ( Hol- man's) revolver should be presented to Deal and he be promoted. These suggestions were so just, that they were strictly carried out, and Sergeant Deal re- turned to Ohio with Holman's revolver, and on ar- riving at Columbus received a Lieutenant's commis- sion for his gallantry. In January, 1864, while at Pulaski, Tennessee, the Third Cavalry re-enlisted. Of the original 1,300, only 400 effective men were then left. On the 4th of February, it left Nashville for Ohio, reaching Camp Worcester, Monroeville, after an absence of two years. Of the Company which left Toledo, only 30 returned, many of them being on detached service when these left Nashville. Owing to a misunderstanding as to the time of their arrival at Toledo, the contem- plated reception of the Veterans did not take place ; but impromptu steps were taken by the Mayor ; a dinner was provided at the McKenster House ; a procession of citizens escoi'ted the heroes to the hotel, where the dinner was partaken of. March 2, 1864, its furlough having expired, the Third Cavalry re-assembled at Monroeville, with nearly 1,000 recruits secured for it, and making its total force over 1,500 men. Pro- ceeding again to the field, it was re-equipped THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. 215 and went into eamj:) at Columbia, Tennessee, with charge of the line of road from Nashville to Iluntsville. About the 1st May, a.s part of Long's Second Brigade of Cavahy, at Decatur, and also at Courtland, -Alabama, the Kegiinent was engaged with the Rebel General Eoddcy's command, which was routed, with the loss of a Lieutenant-Colonel, a Major and upwards of 30 men killed and wounded. At Moulton, Ala- bama, the Regiment was attacked by the same force in camp before daylight ; and although partly surprised it rallied, drove the enemy from the field with slaughter, and jJursued it, capturing 25 or 30 prisoners. At Rome, it was given position on the left flank of Sherman's Army, and participated in the engagements at Etowah, Kenesaw Mountain, Noonday Creek, and the crossing of the Chattahoochie River. Being sent to Roswell, Georgia, to destroy Rebel stores and factories, it there captured 400 fac- tory-girls, who were sent through the linos by General Sherman. At McAfee Bridge (or Shakerock), July 9th, four Companies of the Regiment, under command of CajJtain E. M. Colver, engaged a superior force of Texan Cavalry, killing a Lieutenant and seven men and capturing prisoners and horses. Subsequentlj' the Regiment took part in the battles of Peach- tree Creek and Decatur, and in raids to Cov- ington and Stone Mountain. In the Kilpatrick raid, the Third Cavalry was with the Brigade in the advance to the rear of Atlanta, and destroyed a portion of the Railroad from Atlanta to West Point, losing thereby 48 men. It also took part in the Stoneman raid, under General Kenner Garrard. In each of these raids it suffered severely. In the flanking movement on Jonesboro, the Regiment was in Garrard's Division of Cavalry. After the occupation of Atlanta, it went into camp near Decatur, Georgia, and when Hood's dash was made, the Regiment was sent in ])ui-suit as far as Gadson. In the first battle of Franklin, the Regiment was on the left of Thomas's forces, and was engaged with the Rebel Cavalry. A portion of the Regiment was engagetl in the battle before Nashville. After Hootl's retreat, it fol- lowed him across the Tennessee into Alabama. It was then engaged in the Wilson raid through Alabama and Georgia ; and in the battles of Selraa and Montgomery, Alabama ; and of Macon and Griftin, Georgia. In the capture of Selma, Captain Archibald J. Eyster, now of Toledo, was in command of the advance-guard. Tiie Rebel defense consisted of 6,000 troops in- side fortifications. General Forrest being in command. The assault was made by 1,G00 Union Cavalry under Colonel Long, command- ing the Division. Lieutenant-Colonel II. N. Howland, of Third Ohio, commanded the Second Brigade. He subsequently was made Colonel and Brigadier-General by brevet. The Regiment also took part in the chase after Jeff. Davis, in Wilson's command, in which pursuit a detach- ment went through to the Gulf At Selma it lost heavily in killed and wounded. Lieutenant D. C. Lewis and other officers were taken prison- ers. Lieutenant Lewis, afterwards paroled, was killed bj'tlie explosion of the boiler of the Steamer Sultana, near Mem])his. At Macon, Georgia, while on duty, Captain J. S. Clock was murdered by one of the Fourth United States Cavalry. Under orders from General Geo. H. Thomas, the Third Cavalry turned over its horses and arms at Macon, and was then ordered to report at Nashville for muster out. Proceeding home via Louisville, the Regiment reached Camp Chase, where it was paid off and discharged August 14, 1865, after an active and efficient service of four years, lacking 20 days. ROSTER, THREE YEARS' SERVICE. [Note— This list is intended to give only the names of Regimental oflicers, and of meniliers of Company C, from Lucas County.] NairiR. Ranlt. Date of Bank. Rcmarke. Lewis Zahm Colonel. Lieut. Colonel. Aug. 6,1861 Jan. 5, 1863 Aug. 1, 1863 April 8, 1865 Oct. 10, 1861 June 17, 1803 Nov. 23, 1863 Honorably discharged Jan. 5, 1863. Dismissed July, 1863. Mustered out at expiration of service. Mustered out with Regiment. Resigned June 7, 1863. Promoted to Colonel. Promoted to Colonel. James W. Paramore Chas. B. Seidel Horace N. Howland Douglas A. Murray Chas. B. Seidel Horace N. Howland 216 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Name. Darius E. Livermorc John H. Foster James \V. Parauiore James S. Busbin Chas. B. Seiclel Horace N. Howland Chas. VV. Skinner Leonard Adams Thos. D. McClelland Darius E. Livermore Francis P. Gates Martin Archer Oliver M. Brown Seymour B. Coe M."C. Cuykendall AV. B. Boyd S. F. Selby John K. Moore John G. Bingham W. B. Boyd W. N. Bickett E. Y. Warner Benj. F. W. Cozier =... Horace N. Howland Oliver M. Brown Henry Streicher Orange H. Howland Christopher C. Clay Calvin S. Kimball Reed Y. Boice Jonathan B. Bliven Oliver M. Brown Henrj- Streicher Orange H. Howland Reed V. Boice Christopher C. Clay Calvin S. Kimball George H. Frent Oliver M. Brown Henry Streicher Orange H. Howland Christopher C. Clay Calvin S. Kimball George H. Frent Francis C. Dodge Lient. Colonel. Major. Hank. Surgeon. Asst. Surgeon Chaplain. Captain. 1st Lieutenant. Date of Bank. 2d Lieutenant, Semarks. April 8, 1865 Sept. 13,1861 Sept. 27,1861 Dec. 12, 1861 Jan. 16, 1862 Jan. 5, 1863 Feb. 14, 1863 June 7, 1863 Dec. 8, 1863 Nov. 30, 1864 Nov. 30, 1864 Nov. .30, 1864 April 8, 186.5 Aug. 2, 1865 Oct. 28,1861 Dec. 1, 1864 Nov. 4, 1861 Aug. 19, 181)2 Nov. 5,1863 Mar. 24, 1864 Mar. 30, 1864 Sept. 25, 1861 May 9,1864 Aug. 15, 1861 Aug. 19, 1863 July 13, 1864 Nov. 30, 1864 Nov. .30, 1864 Feb. 23, 1865 Aug. 2,1865 Aug. 24, 1861 July 10, 1862 Feb. 1, 1863 Mar. 31,1864 Nov. 30, 1864 July 13, 1864 Nov. 30, 1864 Feb. 23, 1865 Aug. 16, 1861 May 16, 1862 July 20, 1862 Feb. 4, 1864 Mar. 31, 1864 Nov. 30, 1864 Nov. 30, 1864 Clustered out with Regiment. Resigned February 14, 1863. I'romoted to Colonel. Declined. Promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel. Promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel. Resigned September 10, 1864. Mustered out November 23, 1864. Mustered out November 23, 1864. Promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel. Mustered out with Regiment. Transferred to V. S. Colored Troops. Mustered out with Regiment as Captain. Mustered out with Regiment as Captain. Mustered out. Mustered out with Regiment. Resigned Nov. 5, 1863. Mustered out (supernumerary) December, 1862. Declined. Promoted to Surgeon. ^Mustered out with Regiment. Resigned August 1, 1862. Mustered out with Regiment. Promoted to Major. Promoted to Major. Declined. Mustered out with Regiment. Mustered out with Regiment. Commission revoked. Mustered out with Regiment as 1st Lieutenant. Resigned December 22, 1862. Promoted to Captain. IMu.stered out. Promoted to Captain. Promoted to Captain. Promoted to Captain. Promoted to Captain. Resigned June 6. 1865. Promoted to 1st Lieutenant. Promoted to 1st Lieutenant. Promoted to 1st Lieutenant. Promoted to 1st Lieutenant. Promoted to 1st Lieutenant. Promoted to 1st Lieutenant. Mustered out ]May 29, 1865. COMPANY C. NarMS. Rank. 53) Date of Entering the Service. Remarks. Horace N. Howland Jonathan B. Bliven Barnard W. Dolan John B. Donahue Austin B. Conant George J. Miller Lewis Fisher _ Captain. 1st Lieut. 1st Sergt. Q. M. Sgt. Com. Sgt. Sergeant. Corporal. 11 11 Private. 11 11 35 '33" 22 25 23 21 18 18 18 35 IS 18 18 21 18 18 19 44 Aug.l5, 1861 Aug.24, 1861 Sept. 6, 1861 Aug.26, 1861 Aug.24, 1861 Aug.23, 1861 Aug.21, 1861 Aug.28, 1861 Jan. 19, 1804 Aug.28. 1861 Dec. 26, 1863 Feb. 13, 1864 Feb. 18, 1864 Dec. 24, 1863 Dec. 21, 1863 Feb. 20, 1864 Dec. 1, 1863 Dec. 24. 1863 Dec. 29; 1863 Promoted to Major. Discharged. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Detached. Wounded; mustered out. William H. Dustin Orrin Burr William F. Bradley Orrin Buzzell _ Isaac Whitson, Mustered out with company. Clustered out with company. Musterrd out with company. Mustired out with company. Mustered out with company. JIustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Charles 0. Brown Hovt B.Pike. — . Joseph Meirhoflfer Albert Alden_ John Albert _ Frederick Barnes Edward Burke. _. THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. 217 ij Bate 0/ Namm. Rank. ^ ■^ Entering the Servke. Retnarks. Thomas Biggs Private. 18 Dec. 26, 1863 Mustered out with company. John Broadbeck (( 2^ June27, 18(>3 Mustered out with company. August Bissell s(!4 Benj. F. Dustin (( 28 Jan. 2, 1865 Francis B. Dustin ti 31 Jan. 2, 1865 Mustered out with company. Walter Dustin a 19 Ant' '^li isiiS Mustered out with company. Mustered out with'company. Robert M. Davis ti 40 Aug.l5, 1861 Lewis Dawes (( 35 Get •~'7 1 864 Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. James Foley (> 29 Sept. 8, 1863 Nov. 2, 1861 Jacob Gordinier (( 24 Ell Gyor " 18 Dec 10 1863 Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. John Greenwood (C 27 Dec. 15, 1863 John R. Green (( 44 Sept. 3, 1862 Mustered out; absent sick. Albert Hancock a 19 Mar. 1, 18()4 .Mustered out with company. Charles Hatfield It 28 Jan. 9, 1864 Mustered out with company. Samuel H. Hess " 25 Sept. 7, 1861 Wounded; in hospital. Philip Kreider it 41 Aug.28, 1861 Mustered out with company. Ilirani Lenhart ii 30 Aug.20, 1861 Mustered out w^ith company. Mustered out with company. William A. Lawrence. -_ " 44 Aug.26, 1861 Brainerd Miller (( 19 Aug.23, 18()3 Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Mustered out with company. Nicholas Neiles (( 38 Dec 14 1863 James S. Wintermute— _ " 18 Dec. 7, 1863 Henry C. AVulcott il 31 Jan. 4, 186)4 Mustered out with ('ompany. William H. Wintermute. It 27 Dec. 14, 1863 Mustered out with company. Joseph Drurion t( Dec. 14, 1863 Died. Alfred P. Dumersy " Jan. 18, 1864 Died. Samuel C. Fry (( "34' Aug.20, 1861 Dec. 21, 1863 Dec. 19, 1863 Died. Henry D.Pike Died. Died. James Yager Theodore W. Harlow __ . 1st Sergt. '29' Aug.23, 1861 Mustered out. Francis Allen Sergeant. 23 Aug.26, 1861 Mustered out. Thomas Croft 11 21 25 Aug.26, 1861 Sept.26, 1861 Mustered out. Mustered out. George Westernberger__ Levi Genson Corporal. B. K. S. 23 Aug.27, 1861 Mustered out. Edward McDonald 36 Aug.26, 1861 Mustered out. James E. Thompson " 19 Sept.lO, 1861 Mustered out. Horace Benedict Private. IS Aug.26, 1861 Mustered out. Emanuel Cole a 21 Aug.26, 1861 Mustered out. Peter Eddy . u 25 Aug.24, 18(il Mustered out. Wilson Earner Private. 25 Aug. 20,1861 INIustered out. Daniel A. Hallett 26 Aug. 26,1861 Mustered out. William B. Meeker u 25 Aug. 23,1861 Mustered out. Alexander Marker u 23 Aug. 26,1861 Mustered out. Tho. H. Smith (t 22 Aug. 20,1861 Mustered out. William Smith (C 19 28 Aug. 28,1861 Aug. 26,1861 Mustered out. Mustered out. AVilliam Van Wermer _. John H. Zedechier a 21 Aug. 28,1861 Mustered out. Archibald J. Eyster 1st Sergt. Aug. 16,lS(i2 Mustered out. John Koerman Corporal. Private. Aug. 16,1862 Aug. 19,1862 Mustered out. William Fitzpatrick Mustered out. John Redding Sadler. Private. July 16, 1862 Sept. 13,1862 Mustered out. Mustered out. Martin G. Hilton Samuel Lyons --- Aug. 16,1862 Sept. 17,1864 Mustered out. Mustered out. Harrison Spencer Richard Van Slack it Sept. 23,1862 Mustered out. Daniel Austin 1st Sergt. Aug. 24,1863 Dec. 10, 18(>3 Sept. 15,1862 Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. Samuel Charter Francis C. Dodge Russell B. Gorsuch Private. Dec. 18, 1863 Discharged. John H. Ray (( Oct. 12, 1863 Discharged. James McDougle u Dec. 3,1861 Mustered out. Thomas Shipherd (( '22" Aug. 24,1861 James Campbell u Oct. 2, 1863 William Holt tl Nov. 6, 1863 Jacob Webber (( "28" Jan. 4, 1864 David Cosgrove (( 28 29 Aug, 27,18iil Aug. 10,1861 Aug. 24,1862 July 26, 1802 Transferred. Transferred. Transferred. Transferred. John Griner James Mills John Nishwetz 218 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Names. Jacob Series Milton Straight—- Calvin S. Kimball Rank Private. 26 Date of Entcrmg tlie Sermce. Nov. 28, 1861 Julv 17, 1861 Sept. 10,1861 Remarks. Transferred. Transferred. Promoted to 2d Lieutenant. NAMES ON MUSTEK-IN ROLL BUT NOT ON MUSTER-OUT ROLL. . Date of Names. Rank. -? Entering the Service. Ee^iarks. Calvin Spangler Corporal. 22 Aug. 24,1861 No record. William A. Lawrence „- " 44 Aug. 25,1861 No record. Joseph Ott Bugler. 23 Aug. 20,1861 Transferred. Levi B. Whitelock 42 Aug. 24,1861 No record. Levi Cook Farrier. Sadler. 88 29 Aug. 24,1861 Aug. 27,1861 No record. John Antibus Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. Allpii. John Private. 29 29 Sept. 14,1861 Sept. 7,1861 Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. Brown, Lorin A Discharged c:in Surgeon's certificate. 29 18 29 Sept. 10,1861 Aug. 19,1861 Aug. 26,1861 Detailed for Orderlv dutv. Detailed for Orderly duty. Baldwin, John A Transferred to L company. Battenfield, Dan S . — (( 23 Aug. 28,1861 Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn. Bliven, Robert H (( 18 Sept. 16,1861 Mustered out on general order, 1862. Carr, Edward _ . _ — (( 17 Aug. 26,1861 Killed at Lexington, Kentucky. Cannon John (( 24 17 Aug. 19,1861 Aug. 17,1861 Shot through the lungs and discharged. Colton, Charles H Killed at Lexington, Kentucky. Conn Samuel 23 19 40 Sept. 1,1861 Sept. 3,1861 Aug. 15,1861 Died in front of Corinth, Miss. Chilson, Peter. Died in front of Corinth, Mississippi. Davis, Robert M Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. Dalby, David (( 20 21 Aug. 26,1861 Sept. 24,1861 Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. Emch, Benedict Teamster at Regt. headquarters. Eichott, Jacob (( 51 Aug. 20,1861 Teamster at Regt. headquarters. Fountain, Oliver. .. __ (( 20 Aug. 25,1861 Killed at Chickamauga. Jones, Thomas 18 Oct. 1, 1861 Aug. 20,1861 Killed at Chickamauga. Longendoroif, Joseph ___ (' 44 Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. Lennon, Lawrence _ __. U 31 Sept. 8.1861 Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. Moyer, Frank F . . (( 21 Aug. 24,1861 Ivilled at Farmington, Tennessee. Meeker, Benj. F (( 18 Aug. 24.1861 Died. Navarre, Peter H 30 Aug. 23,1861 Navarre, Oliver (i 32 Aug. 23,1861 Disabled and discharged in 1862. Norton, Henry G '* 20 Aug. 24,1861 No record. Orton, James C. . i( 28 Oct. 2, 1861 Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. Priame, Bradley L u 37 Aug. 18,1861 No record. Pinkerton, Samuel *' 21 Aug. 26,1861 No record. Price, Charles . . 27 27 Sept. 10,1861 Aug. 28,1861 No record. Rottler, Mathias __. No record. Reed, Amos K _ n 43 Oct. 1, 1861 Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. Spangler, Henrv D '* 18 Aug. 24,1861 No record. Trembly, Joseph E (( 19 Sept. 2,1861 "Wounded and discharged. Underwood, George R _. t( 19 Sept. 17,1861 Transferred. Van Fleet, Otis It 20 Aug. 26,1861 No record. Walton, William A I( 18 Aug. 18,1861 Wilcox, William 11 36 Aug. 31,1861 Died at Tuscumbia, Alabama. Welch, John (( 19 Aug. 26,1861 Discharged, disability. A Ee-union of the Third Ohio Cavalry was held at Monroeville, September 28, 1869, when Captain James B. Luckey presided, and E. W. Amsden acted as Secretary. The following officers were elected for the year : President — Colonel Lewis Zabm. Vice-Presidents — Samuel Curry, Company A ; A. H. Pearl, Company B ; H. N. Howland, Company C ; W. L. Stack- house, Company D ; Thomas C. McEwen, Com- pany E ; William P. Lee, Companj^ F ; Thos. Baker, Company G ; C. W. Skinner, Company H ; John Blaekman, Company I ; C. L. Cook, Companj' K ; John Muir, Company L ; Thos. O'Rouke, Company M. Corresponding Sec- retary — R. R. Smith, Toledo. Besides members of commands organized here, large numbers of citizens of Lucas Countj* THE WAR OF THE REBELLION— FIELD WORK. served in Eegiments from other Counties and other States, and in the Eegular Army, of whom it is found to be impracticable to obtain information. Among such enlistments were 12 in Company D, Ninth Illinois Cavalry, as follows : Patrick Kelley, Captain, now at Saginaw, Mich. Benjamin Raitz, Second Lieutenant, at 13iS Elm Street, Toledo. Samuel B. Davis, Editor McComlj Herald, McComb, Ohio. Walter A. McCarou, in Michigan. Michael O'Brien, died since the war. William W. Bower, supposed to live in Detroit, Michigan. Edgar Ilyke, at Soldiers' Home, Dayton. Di'nnis Mahcr, drowned near Cairo, Illinois, while coming home on Veteran furlough. John McBride, died during the war. Of John (ioodale, Francis Horer, Robert Ilarvie, and Joseph Pellett, also from this County, no infor- mation can be obtained. All those named were from Toledo, except John McBride, from Sylvania. Beside the above was Bruce Hofl'man from De- fiance. CHAPTER VIII. THE EOLL OF HONOR CEMETERIES. IT was made the duty of the Asisessors in May, 18(i5, when active service in the War had practically closed, to canvass the several Town- ships and Wards for names of persons who had enlisted in the Union Army; of those who had died ; of those disabled ; of Soldiers' families ; and of such of these as were necessitous, with the number of persons in the same. The facts thus obtained were returned to the County Auditor's office. Following is a list of dead Soldiers thus obtained, together with a table giving results under the other heads named. In the nature of the case, absolute completeness or correctness could hardly be expected in such a work ; but it has been deemed best to give the record thus furnished, as aiding to the nearest practicable approach to justice to the noble and heroic defenders of their country's life — only regretting that it is not more full and accurate. As a matter of course, in the several partial lists of dead, given in this volume, the names of many are repeated ; but it has been deemed better to do this, than that names belonging here should be omitted. The repetitions will readily be discovered by those acquainted with the facts. First Ward. — J. Harrington, Jr., 14th Ohio ; Bene- dict Brown, 14th Ohio ; Henry T. Bissell, 11th Ohio ; Joseph T. Baker, 67th Ohio ; Conrad Daum, 25th Ohio ; John Hilt, 25th Ohio ; W. W. Hunt, 100th Ohio; Fred. Kimmerlin, Jr., 111th Ohio; Alpheus Mclntyre, 21st Ohio ; Louis G. Miller, 3d O. C; Fred. Miller, 67th Ohio ; Rudolph Niehaus, 25th Ohio ; Ja- cob Planner, 14th Ohio ; Robert Redwood, 3d 0. C; F. B. Searls, 111th Ohio; Charles Euranius, 67th Ohio; John Beigan, 114th Ohio. Second Ward — Thomas Higglemire, 14th Ohio ; Geo. W. Horton, 14th Ohio; Win. Marker, 14th Ohio ; George McCracken, SSth Illinois ; John Marich, 67th Ohio ; Henry Saunders, oSth Oliio ; P. L. Towers, 3d O. C; George M. Ballard, 67th Ohio. Third Ward.— Owen Dirken, 67th Ohio ; Michael Herbert, 25th Ohio ; Barney Meconara, 69th Ohio ; James Richmond, Hth Ohio ; James Smith, 67th Ohio; Arthur D. Tarbox, Hth Ohio ; Jeroleman Wandike, 37th Ohio. Fourth Ward. — William Skehan, 67th Ohio; Schwartz, 189th Ohio ; James Heart, Cavalry ; Aug. Klangbolter. 47th Ohio ; Washington Norton, 67th Ohio; Walter Clumm, 18th Ohio ; John Woodbury, 71st Ohio. Fifth Ward. — Theo. Sanger, 27th Ohio ; George H. Curtiss, 111th Ohio ; Ruel Wetmore, Hth Ohio; Geo. Smith, 3d O. C; John W. Harriison, Hth Ohio; Louis Emery, 25th Ohio; David Valentine, 67th Ohio; Albert Wolcott, 14th Ohio ; Fred. Josenhaus, 130th Ohio ; Christ. Obeist, 130th Ohio ; John Martin, 43d Ohio. Sidh Ward. —Charles Sherwood, 3d O. C; Ar- nold Waldeck, 1st Artillery; Joseph Young, 100th Ohio; Albert H. Huntley, Hth Ohio; Thomas Moon, Hth Ohio ; James Orton, 3dO. C; Hiram Craig, ()7th Ohio; Edwin Carr, .3d O. C; James Cavashirg, 2d Ohio Heavy Artillery. MANH.^TTAN. Joseph Drouillard, 3d O. C; Francis Grode, 67th Ohio ; Thomas Hagar, 18th Ohio ; Alvesta King, 111th Ohio ; Henry Morreau, 67th Ohio ; Peter iVIcTague ; Thomas McTauge. Alex. Navarre, Hth Ohio ; John M. Varian, 47th Ohio : James Welch, 111th Ohio; Charles Wilkinson, 100th Ohio ; Aaron Applegate, Hth Ohio ; Stephen Anteau, 3dO.C.; Jasper Brown, 21st Ohio ; C. O. Callihan, Hth Ohio ; William Cone, Hth Ohio. WASHINGTON. Miles A. Aldrich, 100th Ohio ; John Amnion, 37th Ohio ; Henry Bemor, 100th Ohio ; Edwin Bishop, 1st Conn. Cav.; Henry Brown, 130th Ohio ; Lemuel Crockett, 47th Ohio ; AVm. W. Giles, Austin Haugh- ton, 25th (Jhio ; Edward Burge, 25th Ohio ; Solon Lane, 123d Ohio; David Lewis, — Artillery; Wm. A. Watson, 128th Ohio. SYLVANIA. Matthew Davis, 25th Ohio; Zirah Green, 111th Ohio ; William Gilpin ; Oscar Hendrickson, Hth Ohio; William Hallott, Jr., 25th Ohio ; Edwin Peck, 25th Ohio ; Harlan Page, 2.5th Ohio ; Thomas Porter, Hth Ohio ; Levi Palmer, 47th Ohio ; Elijah Stone, 47th Ohio; John Van Orman, Hth Ohio; John Wood- mansee, 14th Ohio; John Kimball, 111th Ohio; James Lowden, ISth Ohio ; Edwin Lacy, 18th Ohio ; John Lane, 18th Ohio ; John McBride, Hth Ohio ; James Mills, 18th Ohio ; Daniel Norris, 18th Ohio ; John Oats, Hth Ohio; Horace Bertholf, 21st Ohio Battery ; Horace Cooper, 111th Ohio ; Staunton Chappel, 111th Ohio; Orland Comstock, 67th Ohio ; Uriah Cheney, 18th Ohio; Samuel Corbin, — Battery. [220] ROLL OF HONOR. 221 WATERVILLE. Benjamin Rathbun, 100th Ohio ; WiUiani Gaunt, 14tliOhio; Alfred D. Isham, GTth Ohio; Orson G. Ballou, 100th Ohio ; Milo Black, GOth Oliio; WiUiam C. Hutchinson, — Artillery; William M. Turk, (i7th Ohio; Robert McCal)e, 111th Ohio; James P. Iliiie, 14th Ohio; William .Stebbins, 67th Ohio; Cuyler Stebbins, lOOth Ohio ; Samuel Spade, lOOth t)hio ; Ranatus Lucas, 100th Ohio ; John Rocherty, ;57th Ohio ; David C. Cheney, 67th Ohio. First Ward. — Alex. Osborn, ."jth Infantry ; Francis O. Borner, 14th Ohio ; John Carroll, .'j7th Ohio; Nelson C. Carter, 100th Ohio ; John Green, 14th Ohio ; James House, 100th Ohio; Antoine Laflour, 14th Ohio; Lo- vine Merrill, 14th Ohio; Charles Mitchell, 14th Ohio, John McCrink, New York Battery ; Jolin Owen, 14th Ohio ; Lewis Smith, 130th Ohio ; Jackson P. Sager; 100th Ohio ; Antoine Soudenet ; Granville Taylor, 67th Ohio. Second Ward and Waynesfitld Towiiahip. — Thomas N. Gilbert, 14th Ohio; Uriah Gilbert, 14th Ohio; Lyman S. Ilall, 14th Ohio ; Oscar J. Neeley, 23d New York Battery ; James 11. Perrin, 14th Ohio; Benj. F. Perrin, 9th Louisiana Colored ; George Peck, IS.jth Ohio ; Robert Ireland, 21st Ohio. Third Ward.— Jaw son J. Fox, 14tli Ohio; Fred. A. Wolcott, 47th Ohio. SPBINGPIELD. James Munyan ; William Bemis, 100th Ohio ; James Abbott, 100th Ohio; Lucius Abbott, 100th Ohio; Ira Cummings, 100th Ohio; Aaron Faught ; George Yager, 14th Ohio ; Eli Birchfield, 14th Ohio ; Aaron Birchfield, 14th Ohio; Wesley Hill, 67th Ohio; Aaron Haynes, 3d O. C; John Hepp, 14th Ohio ; Joseph Vono, 14th Ohio ; Owen Rum.sey, 6th 0. C: Mason Cressey, 14th Ohio; Osgood Oressey, 3d O. C. RICHFIELD. Eli Saulsbury, 100th Ohio ; Luther Saunders, 10th O. C; Nicholas Stahl, 182d (.)liio ; M. V. Tredway, 47th Ohio; Philander Wickham, Ulth Ohio ; Jo.seph Bosilgia, 37tli Ohio ; Perry Bennett, 14th Ohio ; John Brint, 14th Ohio; Louis Cutchner, 130th Ohio; James Fullerton, 14th Ohio; Dallas Gilson. 47th Ohio; Norman Gilson, 47th Ohio ; Charles Holloway, 14th Ohio ; Thomas Kanavel, 14th Ohio ; Charles Kanavel. 14th Ohio ; W. C. Lathrop, 14th Ohio ; Jo.seph Man- gel, 14th Ohio; W. W. McBride, 14th Ohio; Milo Metkifl; 100th Ohio. PROVIDENCE. Jacob Bugh, 67th Ohio ; Daniel Ricker, 67th Ohio; Samuel Keeler, 68th Ohio; Andrew J. Clutter, 100th Ohio; John Dowyer, 68th Ohio; John Ferre, GSth Ohio ; Clayton Shelby, 60th Ohio ; Samuel Hutchin- son, 102d Ohio ; Cyrus E. Riley, .5.5th Ohio ; John A. Brown, 68th Ohio ; Thomas Brown, 68th Ohio ; John Martin, 60th Ohio; John J. Clark, 14th Ohio ; John Mouldner, OSth Ohio; William H. Young, 6SthOhio; John North, 68th Ohio ; Benjamin F. Cole, 68th Ohio; William Condon, 68th Ohio. .\I)/\.MS. \V. II. Ca.ss. 1st Oliio .'Vrtillory ; Charles Corser, 1st Art.; John M. Edmund.s, 1st Art.; Nelson Ferri.s, IstArt.; Adclbert Kiiapp, 14th Ohio; Alonzo Atkins, )st Art.; Joseph Tromley ; Nor. Lockwood, Ist Art.; John Yager, 3d O. C; Andrew Totten, 67tli Oliio. SPENCER. James Brocken, 67th Oliio; William Bemis, lOOtli Ohio; John Coon, 1st Michigan ; James Carroll 14th Ohio ; Robert Fairchild, 67th Ohio ; John E. Hadley, 1st Mich.; John M. Hou.ser, 14th Ohio ; Benj. Hoftile, 14th Ohio; Michael I,angeii(lerler, ISOtli Oliio; Kliakim Munson, 14th Ohio; David S. Raii3 18(53 18G3 May, Aug. 3, Sept. 8, Sept. 8, Sept. 8, Sept. 8, Sept. Sept, Sept, Sept. Sept. Feb, Sept.20, Sept. 8, JuneJ2, Feb. 9, .June 9, Junel2, Apr. 16, Sept. 8, Apr. 16, Sept.20, Sept.20, Aug.13, Junell, 1863 1804 1863 1863 1863 1803 18( 18()3 1863 1803 1863 1864 1863 1863 1864 1864 1862 1864 1862 1863 1862 1864 1864 1864 1864 Sept. 8, Aug.13, Sept. 8, Apr. 16, Sept. 9, Julv 3, 1863 18()4 1863 1862 1863 1863 Apr. 16, Sept. 8, Aug.13, Aug.13, Aug.13, Apr. 16, Apr. 16, i86i; 1863 1864 1864 1864 1862 1862 Residence. Sept. 8, 1863 Junel2, Sept. 8, Junel2, Junel2, Junel2, Junel2, June 12, Junel2. Junel2, Junel2, Junel2, Junel2, Juncl2, Aug 13, Aug.13, Aug.13, Aug.13, 1864 1863 1864 1864 1864 1864 18()4 1864 1864 1864 1864 1864 1864 1864 1864 1864 1864 Wauseon, Ohio. Wauseon, Ohio. Wauseon, Ohio. Delta, Ohio. Lyons, Ohio. Delta, Ohio. Delta, Ohio. Wauseon, Ohio. Wauseon, Ohio. Pettisville, Ohio. Delta, Ohio. Lyons, Ohio. Napoleon, Ohio. Holgate, Ohio. Napoleon, Ohio. Napoleon, Ohio. Florida, Ohio. Napoleon, Ohio. Napoleon, Ohio. Napoleon, Ohio. Napoleon, Ohio. Napoleon, Ohio. Napoleon, Ohio. Florida, Ohio. Black Ash P.O., O Napoleon, Ohio. Napoleon, Ohio. Napoleon, Ohio. Perrysburg, Ohio. Perrysburg, Ohio. Perryisburg, Ohio. Perrysburg, Ohio. Perrysburg, Ohio. Hull Prairie, Ohio Hull Prairie, Ohio Tontogany, Ohio. Tontogany, Ohio. Tontogany, Ohio. Tontogany, Ohio. Tontogany, Ohio. Tontogany, Ohio. Tontogany, Ohio. Tontogany, Ohio. Tontogany, Ohio. Tontogany, Ohio. Tontiigany, Ohio. Tontcigany, Ohio. West Millgrove, O Freeport, Ohio. Freeport, Ohio. Pemljerville, Ohio Bradner, Ohio. Weston, Ohio. Weston, Ohio. West Millgrove West Millville. Bradner, Ohio. Bradner, Ohio. Scott's Ridge. Prairie Depot, O. Prairie Depot, O. Prairie Depot, O. Prairie Depot, O. Prairie Depot, O. Prairie Depot, O. Prairie Depot, O. Prairie Deyjot, O. Bradner, Ohio. Prairie Depot, O. Prairie Depot, O. Prairie Depot, O. Prairie Depot, O. Prairie Depot, O. Prairie Depot, O. O. i';!() HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND TjUCAS COUNTY. Nama. Abram V. Smith Jacob Baker Valentine H. Ault Benjamin Rhodes Dock Jones Samuel Hess J. J. Werner Levi Shea William Furry William Feaga James Facer Jason A. Dyche JohnR. Porter William C. Ritter William Bensinger Isaac Cusac Simon P. Obermier William Dideway__ John Moreheart Isaac Fellers William McKinnis Robert W. Elder John W. Whitehurst--- Godfried Nusser Anson J. Glatlieart Michael Newman James Wilson Henry D. Taylor Henry H. Metzler H. H. Alban Jacob Krouse James H. Leaf Adam Helfrick Augustin J. Vigeseen F. H. Knapps Mosebeim Hoffman L. M.Thomas Charles Lano G. A. Gessner P. Carnison Daniel Carnison Marcus Woolf Adam Bruthover J. P. Elderkin George Howk Andrew Barton Elijah Culbert Thomas Jackson A. J. Gulp D. Van Doren Thomas Fisher Austin Fisher John Fairbank E. B. Moore James H. Fowler A. Brunthan Charles Kramb Michael Lattig Andrew Hupher Jacob Schneider Charles Boyd Charles W. Jones George Piersons Joseph Piersons Daniel Wright B.B.Williams " William M. Barber George W. Robinson__. A. A. Collier Jacob Helmka Charles P. Mason Sank. Private. Corporal. Private. Corporal. Private. Corporal. Captain. Private. Sergeant. Private. Corporal. Private. Sergeant. Corporal. Captain. (( Corporal. Captain. Corporal. Corporal. Private. (( Lieutenant, Private. Hosp. Stew, Private. Sergeant. a Private. Lieutenant, Private. a Captain. 1st Sergeant Private. (( Captain. Sergeant. Corporal. Private. Sergeant. Corporal. Private. Segimeni. 21st O. V. I. 72d O. V. I. 1st O. L. Art. 21st O. V. I. 21st O. V. I. 3d 0. Cav. 72d O. V. I. lUth O.V.I. 72d O. V. I. 72d 0. V. I. lllthO. V. I. 21st O. V. I. 21st O. V. I. 21st 0. V. I. 21st O. V. I. 21st 0. V. I. 72d O. V. I. 21st 0. V. I. 57th O. V. I. 21stO. V. L 21st O. V. I. 82d O. V. I. 99th O. V. I. 21st O. V. I. o7th O. V. I. 21st 0. V. I. 57th O. V. I. 100th O.V.L 21st O. V. I. 21st O. V. 1. 21st 0. V. I. 21st O. V. I. 21st O. 2Lst O 9th O, 57th 0. V. I. 21st O. V. I. 21st O. V. I. 72d 0. V. I. 100th O. V. I. 100th O. V. I. 72d O. V. I. 72d 0. V. I. 72d O. V. I. 72d O. V. I. 14th O. V. I. 12th Cav. 72d O. V. I. 22d 0. Battery. 72d O. V. I. 72d 0. V. I. 72d 0. V. I. 72d O. V. L 72d 0. V. I. 100th O. V. I. 72d O. V. I. 72d O. V. I. 72d 0. V. I. 72d 0. V. I. 72d O. V. I. 72d O. V. I. 100th 0. V. I. 100th O. V. I. 100th O. V. I. 100th O. V. I. 7th O. V. I. 7th O. V. I. 2d O. V. I. 6th U. S. Cav. 3d 0. V. C. 3d O. V. C. V. I. V.I. V. L Co. Where Captured. Chattanooga, Ten. Guntown, Miss. Chattanooga, Ten. Chattanooga, Ten. Guntown, Miss. Stone Mountain. Guntown, Miss. Guntown, Miss. Blaine CrsRds,Ten Chickamauga. Big Shanty, Ga., while on secret service. Chickamauga. Ringgold, one of Mitehel raiders. Chickamauga. Guntown, Miss. Chickamauga. Chickamauga. Chickamauga. Stone River. iAqua Creek. Chickamauga. Stone River. Atlanta. Chickamauga. (Atlanta. jLimestone Station. |Chickamauga. Chickamauga. iSequatchie Valley. iStone River. iMurfreesboro. Bentonville, N. C. Florence, Ala. Atlanta, Ga. Chickamauga,Ten. Chickamauga.Ten. Guntown, Miss. Limestone Station. 'Limestone Station. Guntown, Miss. Guntown, Miss. Guntown, Miss. Guntown, Miss. Chickamauga. Date. Apr. 16, 1863 Junel2, 1864 Apr. 16, 1863 Apr. 16, 1863 Residence. Guntown, Miss. Guntown, Miss. Guntown, Miss. Guntown, Miss. Guntown, Miss. Guntown, Miss. Limestone Station. Guntown, Miss. Guntown, MLss. Guntown, Miss. Guntown, Miss. Guntown, IMiss. Guntown, Miss. Jonesboro, Tenn. Jonosboro, Tenn. Jonesboro, Tenn. Jonesboro. Tenn. Chancellorsville. Chancellorsville. Richmond, Ky. Gettysburg. Fayetteville, Tenn. Faj'etteville, Tenn. Junel2, 1864 Sept.20, 1864 Junel2, 1864 Junel2, 1864 Jan. 7, 1864 Sept.21, 1863 Apr. 14, 1S62 Sept.20, 1863 Apr. 11, 1862 Sept.20, 1863 Junel2, 18(!4| Sept.20, 1863' Sept.22, ISO.". Sept.20, 1863 Dec. 31, 1862 Deo. 19, 1862 Sept.20, 1863. Dec. 30. 1862 June22, 1864 Sept.20, 1863 June22, 1864 Sept. 8, 1863 Sept.20, 186:i Sept.20, 1863 Sept.22, 1863: Dec. 3, 1862' Dec. 28, 1862 April 19,18651 May 16, 1864[ Julv22. 1864! Sept. 20,1863! Sept. 20,1863! June 12,1864 Sept. 8,1863 Sept. 8,1863 June 12,1864 June 12,1864 June 12,1864 June 12,1864 Sept. 20,1863 June 12,1864 June June June June June Sept. June June June June June June Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. May May Feb. July Oct. Oct. 12,1864 12,1864 12,1864 12,1864 12,1864 8.1863 12,1864 12.1884 12.1864 12.1864' 12,18641 12,1864 8,1863 8,1863, 8,1863; 8,1863 3,1863 21863 1864 2,1862, 12,1864 12,1864! Le Moyne, Ohio. Le Movne, Ohio. Walbridge, Ohio. Bradner, Ohio. Martin, Ohio. Haskins, Ohio. Freeport, Ohio. Freejaort, Ohio. Stony Kidge, Ohio. Savannah. Ga. Millbury, Ohio. McComb, Ohio. McComb, Ohio. McComb, Ohio. McComb, Ohio. McComb, Ohio. McComb, Ohio. Findlay, Ohio. Findlay, Ohio. Findlay, Ohio. I'^indlay, Ohio. Findlay, Ohio. Findlay, Ohio. Findlay, Ohio. Findlay Ohio. Findlay, Ohio. Findlay, Ohio. Findlay, Ohio. Findla'v, Ohio. Findlay, Ohio. Findlay, Ohio. McComb, Ohio. McComb, Ohio. Van Lue, Ohio. Benton Ridge, O. Arcadia, Ohio. North Baltimore, North Baltimore, Fremont, Ohio. Fremont, Ohio. Fremont, Ohio. Fremont, Ohio. Fremont, Ohio. Fremont, Ohio. Fremont, Ohio. Fremont, Ohio. Fremont, Ohio. Fremont, Ohio. Fremont, Ohio. Fremont, Ohio. Fremont, Ohio. Fremont, Ohio. Helena, Ohio. Fremont, Ohio. Fremont, Ohio. Fremont, Ohio. Lindsay, Ohio. Lindsay. Ohio. Woodville, Ohio. Woodville, Ohio. Clvde, Ohio. Clyde, Ohio. Clytle, Ohio. Clyde, Ohio. Clvde, Ohio. ClVde, Ohio. Clyde, Ohio. Clvde, Ohio. Clyde, Ohio. Clyde, Ohio. Clyde, Ohio. UNION EX-PRISONERS OF [VAR. 231 Names. John Grabach Henry Grabach John OarHs ('. L. Dirlam Teter Gust Albert Bush Z. Perrin H. M. I,av C. N. Davis W. B. Wolverton Thomas Babcoek Alonzo iSiinmerson Lafayette McCarty Valentine Ott Henry Miller John Witaker Frank Babcoek Nathan B. Mason William Feaga A. G. Harris J. F. Hutchison George Unkert Andrew Klein Louis Laher John Buchman Jacob ^lohla Michael VVeitstein Anthony Younger Joseph Younger Henry Huntzinger Joseph Huntzinger Thomas Hearly Lysander Ames George Eslebe Doc. Melious John L. Cook George Wolcott D. Hutchinson D. S. Caldwell William Ross Walter J. Merchant Henry Ennis J. L. Brown J. W. Armstrong E. P. Hawks John L. Slawson Eugene Nettleton Lewis Hope John S. Saxton Edwin 15owers Eldridge Wetmore Oliver Holman Joseph Burkert John F. Reams Ira B, Horner D. E. Horner S. T. Wood W. B. Thacker John Stevens D. L, Micner Benjaioiu Hopper Frederick Warner Joseph Orth J. L. Shank John Gent A. L. Bush I. F. Mack Nathan W. Hines L. K. Hawes B. E. Deely .. Henry Schneider V. B.Palmer William H. Havice O. H.Rosenbaum Rank. Private. Sergeant. Private. Captain. Private. Corporal. Captain. 2d Sergt. 4th Sergt. 5th Sergt. Private. Musician. Private. Captain. Private. Sergeant. Private. Surgeon. Private. Corporal. Private. Bugler. Private. Corporal. Priv ate. Corporal. Surgeon. Private. Sergeant. Corporal. Private. Corporal. Private. Corporal. Captain. Regiment. V. I. V.I. . V. I. , I. , I. V.I. .V.I. . V. I. . V. I. . V. I. . I. . I. . I. . I. I. . I. . I. . I. 3d 0. V. C. 3d 0. V. C. 72d O. V. I 72dO 72dO 72dO. 72d O. V 72d O. V 72dO. 72d 0. 72d O 72d O 72d O 72d O. V. I 72d O. V. I. 72d O. V. I. 72d 0. V. I. 72d O. V. I. 72d O. V. I. 72d O. V. I. 72d O. V. I. 72d O.V.I. 72d O. V. I. 72d O. V. I. 72d O. V. I. 72d 0. V 72d O. V 72d 0. V 72d O. V 72d 0. V 72d O. V 72d O. V 21st 0. \ 72d O. V. I. 72d O. V. I. 72d O. V. I. 3d 0. Cav. 123d 0. V. I. 123d O. V. I. 72d O. V. I. 49th O. V. I. 49th 0. V. I. ll(5th O. V. I. 101st O.V.I. 5th M. Cav. .S9th 111. V. I. 2r.th N. Y.V. I. 15th M. V. I. 2d O. Cav. 15th M. V. L 21st O. V. I. 101st 0. V. I. 144th 0. V. I. 144th O.V.I. 6.5th O. V. I. 65th 0. V. I. 14th O. V. I. 55th O. V. I. .5-5th 0. V. I. 21st O. V. I. 21st O. V. L 72d O. V. I. 72d O. V. I. .>5th O. V. I. 100th O. V. I. 72d O. V. I. 7th 0. V. I. 122d O. V. I. 39th Wis. V. I. 123d O. V. I. 124th O. V. I. 55th O. V. I. 100th O. V. I 123d O. V. I. Co. Where Captured. Fayette ville, Tenn. East Point, Ala. Guntown, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. I Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Ripley, Miss. Stone River. Stone River. Stone River. Guntown, Miss. Fayetteville, Tenn Winchester, Va. Winchester, Va. Guntown, Miss. Corinth, Miss. Corinth, Miss. \'irginia. Chickamauga. Falmouth, Va. New Hope Church Gettysburg. Atlanta, Ga. Reams Station. Hickory Valley. Chickamauga. Chickamauga. Berrj'ville, Va. Berryville, Va. Chickamauga. Chickamauga. Stone Mountain Atlanta, Ga. Atlanta, Ga. Chickamauga. Chickamauga. Guntown. Miss. Guntown, Miss. Atlanta, Ga. Limestone Station. Guntown, Mi.ss. Cro.ss Lanes, W.Va Cold Harbor, Va. Memphis, Tenn. Winchester, Va. Date. Residence. Atlanta, Ga. Limestone Station. Winchester, Va. Oct. 12,1864 Clyde, Ohio. Dec. 1864 Clyde, Ohio. June 12,1864 Clyde, Ohio. June 12,1864 Clyde, Ohio. June 12,1864 Clyde, Ohio. June 12.1864 Clvde, (Miio. June 12,1864 Clyde, Ohio. June 12,1864 Clvde, Oliio. Jnnel2,l.S61 W'illou-liliv. Ohio. June 12,1.S64 Xorwalk, (')hio. June 12.1864 Clyde, Ohio. June 12,1864 Clyde, Ohio. June 12,1864 Clyde, Ohio. June ]2,18()4 Clyde, Ohio. June 12,1864 Clyde, Ohio. June 12,1864 Clyde, Ohio. June 12,1864 Clyde, Ohio. June 12,1864 Clyde, Ohio. June 12,1864 Clyde, Ohio. June 12,1864 Clyde, Ohio. June 12,1864 Bradner, Ohio. June 12,1864 Kingsway, Ohio. June 12,1864 Kingsway, Ohio. June 12,1864 Kingsway, Ohio. June 12,1864 Kingsway, Ohio. June 12,18f>4 Kingsway, Ohio. June 12,1864 Kingsway, Ohio. June 12,lS(i4 Kingsway, Ohio. June 12,1864 Kingsway, Ohio. June 12,1864 Fremont, Ohio. June 12,1864 Fremont, Ohio. June 12,1864 Elmore, Ohio. Dec. 3,1862 Elmore, Ohio. June 12,1864 Elmore, Ohio. June 12,1864 Fremont, Ohio. June 12,1864 Rollersville, Ohio. Oct. 14,1863 Rollersville, Ohio. June 15,1863 Green Springs, O. June 15,1863 Green Springs, O. June 12,1864 Green Springs, O. April 18,1862 Green Springs, O. June 12,1864 Green Springs, O. June 15,1863 Green Springs, O. Sept. 20,1863 Bettsville, Ohio. Aug. 28,1863 Toledo, Ohio. July 27,1864 Toledo, Ohio. July 2,1863 Graytown, Ohio. July 22,1864 Toledo, Ohio. June 20,1864 Toledo, Ohio. April 5,1863 Toledo, Ohio. Sept. 20,1863 Bowling Green, O. Sept. 20,1863 Weston, Wood Co. Aug. 13,1864 Weston, Wood Co. Aug. 13,1864 Weston, Wood Co. Sept. 20,1863 Weston, Wood Co. Sept. 20,1863 Weston, Wood Co. Nov. 10,1864 Genoa, Ottawa Co. July 22,1864 Genoa, Ottawa Co. July 22,1864 Genoa, Ottawa Co. Sept. 21,1863 Genoa, Ottawa Co. Sept. 20,1863 Genoa, Ottawa Co. June 12,1864 Genoa, Ottawa Co. June 12,1864 Rockv Ridge, O. July 22,1864 Rocky Ridge, O. Sept. 8,1863 Rocky Ridge, O. June 11,1864 Rocky Ridge, O. Aug. 26,1861 Sanduskv, Ohio. June 13,1864 Sanduskv, Ohio. Aug. 24,1.8()4 Sandusky, Ohio. June 15,1863'Sandusky, Ohio. 'Sandusky, Ohio. .iuly 22,1864 Castalia, Erie Co. O Sept. 8,1863 Castalia, Erie Co. O Aprill8,18621Castalia, Erie Co.O 232 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Noma. Rank. Segiment. Co. Where Captured. Dale. Sesidence. A. A. McKish William Auisly J. P. Fleming Peter Sherer P. Biehl .— J. H. (iroff - .- Private. Captain. Private. Captain. Private. 41st 0. V. I. 55th 0. V. I. 101st 0. V. I. 123d 0. V. I. 107th 0. V. I. 123d 0. V. I. 3d 0. Cav. 3d 0. Cav. 49th 0. V. I. B H G G F G A K I Dallas. Bull Kun. Stone River, Tenn. Winchester, Va. Gettysburg. Winchester, Va. May 24,1864 Sept. 1,1863 Dec. 31,1862 June 14,1863 July 4,1863 June 14,1863 Newberry, Ohio. Castalia, Erie Co. O Castalia, Erie Co. Sandusky, Ohio. Sandusky, Ohio. Sanduskv, Ohio. Samuel Currv E. M. Colver Favetteville, Tenn. (Jet. 14,lS63:Sanduskv, Ohio. Favettoville, Tenn. Oct. 14,1863 Sandusky, Ohio. AVarner White - Corinth, Miss. iAprill8,1863|Sanduskv, Ohio. The Ohio State Association of Union Ex- Prisoners of AVar was organized at Norwalk, September, 1883, with the following officers : M. T. Britten, President, Cleveland ; G. A. Gess- ner, First Vice-President, Fremont ; D. P. Chamber- lain, Second Vice-President, Toledo ; J. E. Hutton, Secretary and Treasurer, Cleveland ; Dan Harman, Recording Secretary, Toledo. The following officers served for 1884-85 : G. A. Gessner, President, Fremont; George W. Vrooman, Vice-President, Toledo ; Joseph E. Hutton, Second Vice-President, Cleveland ; I. F. Mack, Treas- urer, Sandusky ; D. S. Moses, Chaplain, Fremont ; E. B. Moore, Secretary, Fremont. 1885-86— George W. Vrooman, President, Toledo ; A. R. Hill, Vice-President, "Wauseon ; Wm. Hineline, Second Vice-President, Fremont; D. G. Nesbit, Treasurer, Cleveland ; D. S. Moses, Chaplain, Fre- mont; J. W^. King, Secretary, Toledo. 1886-87— W. H. Polhamus, President, 548 Detroit Street, Cleveland; S. S. Cantield. 1st Vice-President, Toledo; D. S. Moses, 2d Vice-President, Fremont; D. G. Nesbit, Treasurer, 1279 White Avenue, Cleve- land; C. C. Shanklin, Secretary, 55 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland. 1887-88— S. S. Canfleld, President, Toledo ; E. R. Hart, 1st Vice-President, Cleveland ; William Hinline, 2d Vice-President, Fremont ; D. G. Ne.sbit, Treasurer, Cleveland ; J. F. Holliger, Secretary, Toledo. MILITAEY OEDEE, LOYAL LEGION, UNITED STATES. Instituted at Philadelphia, Ajiril 15, 1865 (evening of the assassination of President Lincoln). " The object of this Order shall be, to cherish the memories and associations of the War in defense of the Enity and Individuality of the Republic ; to strengthen the ties of fraternal fellowship and sym- pathy formed by companionship-in-arms; to advance the best interests of Soldiers and Sailors of the United States — especially those associated as members of this Order — and to extend all possible relief to their Wid- ows and Children ; to foster the cultivation of Mili- tary and Naval Science ; to enforce an unqualified allegiance to the General Government ; to protect the rights and liberties of American Citizenship ; and to maintain National Honor, Union and Independence." ORGANIZATIOX. "The several constituted bodies of this Order shall be designated as Commanderies, to be known as the ' Commandery of the State of ; ' and a National Commandery, to be known as ' The Com- mandery-in-Chief.' " MEMBEKSniP. The members of Companions of this Order are of three classes : First CZoss.— 1st. Commissioned Officers and hon- orably discharged Commissioned Ofiicers of the United States Army, Navy and Marine Corps, Reg- ular or Volunteer. 2d. The eldest Sons of original Companions of the First Class, and of Officers dying previous to 31st of December, 1885, who at death were available for membership. Second Class. — The eldest Sons of living original Companions of the First Class, of the age of 21 years and over; the same to become members of the First Class ujion the death of the Companion through whom eligibility to the Second Class was derived. Third Class. — Civilians who during the Rebellion were speciall)- distinguished for consistent loyalty to the National Government, and who were active and eminent in maintaining the supremacy of the same — the number of such Class not to exceed the ratio of one to thirty-three of the First Class. OFFICERS OP COJIMANDERY-IN-CniEF. Com.-in-Chief, . Lt.-Gen. P. H. Sheridan, U. S. A. S. V. Com. in-Chief, Major Gen. R. B. Hayes, U. S. V. J. V. Com.-in-Chief, JIaj. Gen. J. R. Hawley, U. S. V. Recorder-in-Chief, Colonel J. P. Nicholson, U. S. V. Headquarters, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. OFFICERS OF COMMANDERY OF STATE OF OHIO. Commander, . Major Gen. R. B. Hayes, U. S. V. S. V. Com., . . Major Gen. M. F. Force, U. S. V. J. V. Com., . Major Gen. J. W. Fuller, U. S. V. Recorder, . . Captain A. H. Mattox, U. S. V. Headquarters, Cincinnati, t)hio. LUCAS COUNTY COMPANIONS. Lieut. David R. Austin. Chap. H. M. Bacon, D. D. Maj. Chas. E. Bliven. Col. John B. Bell. GRAND AJi}fV OF THE RKPVBLll'. 2:b Capt. Henry W. Bigelow. Capt. Rich. W. Clarke. Lieut. Robt. H. Cochran. Gen. Jolin W. Fuller. Surg. Samuel F. Forbes. Capt. J. Kent Hamilton. Col. Henry G. Neubert. (ten. James M. Comly. Capt. A\'arren W. Cooke. Surg. G. A. CoUamore. Lieut. Henry P. Fowler. Surg. Ethvin M. Goodwin. Lieut. Cary D. Linoral, co. A, ISOth O. Y. I. Bowen, Geo. W., Assistant Surgeon, 4tli Mich. Y. I., and Surgeon, Sth U. S. C. C. *Brown, James M., co. II. 67th O. Y. I. fBrownell, Daniel W., co. F, 7tli Mo. Y. I. *Bruksiker, Fred., co. C, 37th O. V. I. tBrudenthal, Theo., co. B, 1st O. V. I. Buell, Allen, co. H, 10th N. Y. V. I. Buck, Albert D., co. G, 123d O. Y. I. Bunker, Henrv S., Commissary Sergeant,'9t)th O.Y.I. Burch, Albert "M., CO. B, 123d O. Y. I. Burch, Wm. A., co. C, 54th Mass. Y. I. Burdu, August F., co. E, IJlth 0. V. I. *Burket, Leonard, co. E, 67th O. V. I. *Burkert, George, co. I, 72d O. V. I., and co. A, 72d O. V. I. Butler, John A., co. M, Sth Mich. V. C. 236 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Bvine, Daniel L., co. G. 13th V. S. I. B"rownk'e, .lanios W., co. A. 84th O. V. I. Ciihn, Jacob, co. I, iLMth O. V. I. tCall, J. .T.. CO. E, 18th O. V. I. Cainc, Daniel J., Sergeant, co. F, I'lid X. Y. V. I. Caine, Martin S., co. B, U8tli 0. V. I. Campbell, I.. A., l.st Lientenant, co. K, 152d N.Y.V.I. Canfieia, Charles L., co. I), iith Mich. V. C. t'anlielil, Geor>;e S., Musician, co. K, 21st O. Y. I. Cappell, G. W., 21st Ohio Battery. Carpenter, George W., .'ith Ohio Sharjishooters. Carpenter, Dwight A., Seaman, U. S. X. Ca.se, A. K., co. G, 191st O. V. I. Ca.se, O. W., Corporal antl Sergt., co. C, 65th 111. V.I. Case, Omar T., co. B, 8Sth O. V. I., and co. K, 11th 0. V. C. Case, Franklin B., co. F, I.5th Mich. V. I. Casebeer, J. E., 1st Lieutenant, co. D, 44th Ind. V. I. Cassidav, Marcus, co. H, imh Mich. V. I. Caughli'n, Charles, Leader Band, 49th Pa. V. I. Caughlin, Thomas, co. A, 48th N. Y. V. I. Chadwick, AVarren L., co. A, 100th O. V. I. Chamberlain, David P., Asst. Surgeon, 4th Mich. Y. I. Chapin, Henry S., co. F, 144th O. V. I. Chapin, Edward, co. C, 6th U. S. Cav. Chapman, William C, 1st Sergeant and 2d Lieuten- ant. CO. F, 137th O. V. I. Chase. Edward H., Captain, co. D, U. S. C. T. Chase, John A., Colonel, 182d O. V. J. *Cheney, Alph., co. K, 11th Mich. Y. I. Cheney, William C, 1st Lieut., co. B, 130th O. Y. I. Cherrey, Charles W., co. A, 84th O. Y. I., and Ser- geant, CO. E, 130th O. Y. I. Chesebro. Charles P., co. H, 25th N. J. Y. I. Cheatwood, George H., co. A, 81st 0. A'. I. Choflat, Joseph, co. H, 4th N. Y. Y. C. Christy, Henry C, Assistant Surgeon, 55th Pa. V. I., and Surgeon, 58tli Pa. V. I. Clark, Asa A., tiuartermaster, I^. S. V. Clark, Leroy E., co. I, 14th O. V. I. Clark, Lewis, co. D, 4th, and 152d Ind. V. I. Clarke, Charles, co. I, 55th O. Y. L, and co. I, 5-5th O. V. Y.I. *Clarke, William R., co. H, LstO. Y. L. A. Claypool, Albert, co. B, 5th 0. Y. C, and Corporal, CO. B, 13th O. V. C. Clinch, John VV ., co. C, 2d O. V. H. A., and co. D, ISth U. S. I. Clouse, William, co. K, 37th O. Y. I. Cochran, Robert H., 1st Lieut., co. K, 15th 0. V. I. Coder, Noah W., co. I, 14th 0. Y. I. Cole, Tobias, co. I, 2d O. V. H. A. tColburn, Thomas, co. D, 24th N. Y. Y. I., and co. F, 124th X. Y. Y. I. tCoffman, J. C, 2d Lieutenant, co. I, 3llth O. Y. I.; and Captain, co. H, 19th V . S. I. Collamore, George A., Surgeon, 100th O. Y. I. Collins, Dainel A., Captain, co. 15, 130th O. Y. I. Collins, Orrin E., co. A, lS9th 0. V. I. CoUins, T. J., Corporal, co. K, 5th O. V. C. *Colvers, T. B., co. G, 18th O. Y. I. and 1st Lieu- tenant, CO. G, 123d O. V. I. Comly, Jame.s M., Bvt. Brig. Gen., 23d O. Y. I. Commager, David H., co. B, 5th Ind. Y. C, and 2d Lieutenant, co. H. 184th O. Y. I. Combs, Joseph, co. K, 11 1th O. Y. I. Conger, Charles H., Sergeant, co. K, 25th O. Y. I., and CO. D, 9th 111. Y. L Cooke, J. D., 14th Ind. Batterv: and co. H, 1st O.L.A. Cooke, James W., Corporal, co. H, 111th O. Y. I. Cooke, Warren W., Captain, co. D, lS2d 0. Y. I. Cook, James H., 10th Ind. Batterv. Corlett, William, co. H, IstO. Y."L. A. Corey, Benj. S., co. C, 2d U. S. Sharp Shooters. Courtney, Thomas, Sergeant, co. Ct, 9th X. Y. V I and Sergeant, co. G, 9th X. Y. Y. C. ' Cottrell, S. J., CO. H, 1st O. Y. L. A. Couture, E. C, co. G, 144th 0. Y. I., and co. C, 189th O. V. I. *Cox, N.W., CO. I, 47th O. Y. I. Crabbs, Jacob M., Quartermaster Sergt, 80th Ind. V.I. Cramer, W. W., co. D, .sOth O. Y. I. Cramer, I. K., Lieutenant, co. E, lOOth O. V. I. Cranker, P., Corporal, co. A, 67th 0. V. I. Crossman, Peter, co. K, 37th O. Y. I. Crots, J. D., CO. F, 14th O. V. I. Cullev, Robert H., co. E, 25th 0. Y. I. Cullis'on, Wilson W., co. C, 32d O. Y. I. Cunningham, H. C, co. C, 18th Mich. V. I. *Cunninghani, John, co. I, 42d O. Y. I., and co. E, 179th O. V. I. *Curran, A. J., co. B, 27th 0. Y. I., and co. D, 14th Mich. v. C. Currie, Samuel, 1st Lieutenant, co. A, 3d O. V. C. Curtin, John, co. F. 3d U. S. Art. Custer. Louis, co. H. 187th Pa. Y. I., and co. A, 2d IT. S. A. Darling, H. C, co. A, 9th Ky. Cav. Darrah, George W., co. E, 3d Wis. V. I., and Corporal CO. E, 3d Wis. V. I. Darrow, CTCorge R., Chaplain, 3d X. J. V. I. Davis, C. P., CO. H, 1st O. V. L. A. Davis, Stephen, co. H, 1st O. Y. L. A. Davis, Daniel W., co. B, 38th O. V. I. Davis, Geo. W., co. M, 8th Mich. Y. C. Davan, Ilarvev H., co. B, 18th X. Y. \'. I. *Deal, W. H.,"22d Ohio Bat. Dean, John P., co. F, 169th O. Y. I. Dean, John H., co. A, 18th Mich. V. I. DeBolt, F. J., CO. C, 130th 0. V. I. *'Decker, Lester, co. F, 67th O. V. I., and co. F, 67th 0. V. V. I. *Decker, Samuel H., co. A, 14th 0. Y. I., and co. I, 4th U. S. A. Derr, William, co. B, 100th 0. Y. I. Deyer, E. M., Corporal, co. K, 67th O. V. I. DeGraff, Henry, Sergeant, l.st Mich. Cav. Deshanawav, John. co. A, 14th 0. V. I. De Shetler, "Samuel, CO. F, 18th M. Y. I. De Ross, H. D., co. C, 15th Mich. Y. I. De Yries, Peter, Captain, cos. H. and M., 4th U. S. A. *De Wolf, D. F., Major, 55th and Col. 163d O. V. I. De Wolf, L. C, CO. I, 164th O. V. I. Dexheimer, Jacob, Sergeant, co. A, 1st Mo. L. A. *Dingraan, Harry, co. C, 1st O. V. C. tDiebel, F., co. B, 1.30th 0. V. I. Dieble, Carl, co. A, 130th 0. V. I. *Dobson, W., Sergeant, co. K, 13th Mich. V. I. Dodd, Ezra S., Major, 184th O.V. I. Donohue, T. H., co. C, 12th Pa. I., and 99th Pa. I. ^ Donovan, John. co. E, 85th, and co. G, 120th O. Y. I. tDonischoff, Henrv, co. A, 182d O. V. I. Doolittle, Chas. C, Capt., co. E, 4th Mich. Y. I., Maj. Gen. U. S. Y. Dorn, John, Drum Major, 3/th O. V. I. Dowling, Patrick H., Captain, co. H, 111th 0. V. I. Drago, Henry, co. K, 14th O. V. L, and co. K, 67th O.V. I., CO. K, 25th O. V. I., co. F, 7th U. S. C; 20 years service. Drake, S. A., Sergeant, co. F, 146th Pa. Y. I. Dresser, Chas. A., 1st Lieutenant. 130th Ind. Y. I. Ducie, Christopher, co. B, G7th O. Y. I. tDuerringer, G., Corporal, co. C, 130th O. V. I. Durfee, Benjamin B., co. A, 29tli N. J. Y. I. Durfee, Charles H., Musician, co. G, 45th O. V. I. Durfev, E. A., Musician, co. A, .50th N. Y. Eng. tDurian, Ed., co. F, 130th 0. V. I. Dustin, William, co. A, 14th O.V. I., and Lieutenant 19th O. L. A. Eaton, H. Z., Lieutenant, co. B, 7th O. Y. I. tEberle, Peter, co. B, 37th O. Y. I. Eddy, Peter, co. C, 3d O. Y. C. Eddy, James, co. A, 12Sth O. Y. I. Edwards, Paul, Major, and Lieut. Col., 14th O. Y. I. GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. 237 Eggeman, Godfrey S., co. G, 9th Mich. V. I. Egelton, WiUiam, Corporal, co. C, 1st N. Y. V. C. tEichelberger, F. W., 2d Lieutenant, 7tli Iowa V. I. *Emery, James H., Bugler, 14th Michigan Battery, Emuiick, Vincent J., oo. K, S4tli (). V.I. Engel, Louis, co. I, '2r>th O. V. I. Engelhardt. Jacob, Corporal, co. B, 13(ith(). V. I. Enright, Michael J., 2d Lieut, co. H, lllth U. V. I. Enteman, William, Corporal, co. F, ISOtli (). V. I. Earnest, Joseph R., co. I. l?)th, and co..K, 1 l.')th U. V.I. Erswell, Charles, co. C, 123d O. V. I. *Eslebe, G., co. E, 72d O. V. I. Eschmauer, Henry, co. B, 1.50th Ind. V. I. Everett, Clayton W., co. H, 49th (). V. I. Ewing, Samuel A., co. K, 37th O. V. I., and 21st Ohio Battery. Eyster, Archibald J., 1st sergt. co. C, 3Uth 0. V. C. Esdell, Andrew, co. E, 27th O. V. I. Fague, George W., co. G, 192d Pa. V. I. Farrell, Edward, co. H, 24th Mich. V. I. Farst, J., CO. C, 1.53d Ind. V. I. tFaulkner, F. S., co. D, 13th Pa. V. I., and co. K, IGth Ma,ss. V. I. Fav, Martin, co. C, 123d 0. V. I. Feila, John B., Hospital Steward, 13nth 0. V. I. Ferguson, C. W., Captain, co. K, 25th (). V. I. Fey, George, Sergeant, co. E, 2d Mo. V. I. Files, A. W., CO. D, 110th O. V. I. tFink, August, co. I, 37th O. V. I. Fish, Arthur, 7th Minn. V. I. Fisher, Albert W., Assistant Surgeon, 57th Pa. V. I. Fisher, Lewis, Sergt., co.C, 3d (). V. C. Fleischman, Godfrey, co. H, 1st Mich. V. Art. Fletcher, William C, Sergeant, co. H, lllth O. V. I. Fletcher, Franklin, co. H, 87th Ind. V. I., and Corp. CO. A, 12th Ind. V. C. Fletcher, J. A., Sergeant, co. A, 0th Mich. V. C. Flint, Ed. A., 2d Lieutenant, co. C, 1st Mass. V. 0. Foley, John J., co.'C, 93d Ind. V. I. Ford, Jacob, co. H, 15th Mich. V. I. tFollet, Foster V., co. B, 83d, and 2d Lieutenant, co. K, 128th O. V. I. Forbes, Samuel F., Surgeon, 67th O. V. I. Forbes, John W., co. G, 110th N. Y. V. I. Foster, R. G. W., co. B, 17th Maine V. I., and co. G, 10th V. R. C. Foster, James S., Corporal, co. K, 124th O. V. I. Fowler. Henrv B., 2d Lieutenant, co. D, 1st Mass. H. A. Fox, Albert co. I, 14th O. V. I. Frank, Simon H., co. K, 1st M. V. I.; and Orderly Sergeant, co. G, 1st M. V. L. A. Frank, Simon, cos. II and G, 1st Mich. V. I. Eraser, George S., Sergeant, co. K, 25th O. V. I. Fra.ser, Spencer L., co. A, 84th O. V. I. Frazer, James, co. B, 130th O. V. I. Frey, Charles, co. H, i4th O. V. I. Freeh, J. F., Corporal, co. B, 12th Ind. V. I. Frett, Nicholas, co. E, 57th 111. V. I. tFreeman, Augustus H., co. A, 189th O. V. I. Frankenberger, J. C, Maj. 1st O. V. C. andLieut.-Col. 188th O. V. I. Fuller, J. W., Col. 27th O. V. I.; Brev. Maj.-Gen. Furry, Isaac N., co. E, 93d O. V. I. Fuchs, Henry, co. F, 83d 0. V. I. Fuchs, W., Sergt. co. H, 14th O. V. I. Gabriel, Milton, co. E, lllth O. V. I. Ga-tschenberger, Francis A., Ord. -Sergt. 130th O. V. I. Gallatin, Benjamin F., co. I, 1.5th 0. V. I. Gartield, George, Lieut.-Col. .3d O. V. I. Gauckstadt, Henry, co. K, 65th O. V. I. Ganson, Vernon, Captain, co. I, S7th O. V. I. Gen.sler, John, Bat. D, 0th IMicli. V. H. A. Gensler, Henry, Bat. D. 6th Mich. V. H. A. Gerlach, Frank, 14th and co. B, 12Sth O. V. I. Gettner, C, Bat. D, 6th Mich. V. H. A. Gibbs, David W., bat. M. 1st O. V. H. A. Glass, Thomas, Senior Musician, 69th O. V. I. tGifford, J. H., Musician, 49th O. V. I., and Private. CO. G, 3d O. V. C. Glahn, James, 130th O. V. I. Gleason, G. B., co. H, 38th O. V. 1. Goldsmith, Edwin, Adjutant, lOOth Ind. \'. I. Golden, J., co. A, 128th (). V. J. Goodwin, Charles P., 1st Lieut., co. E, 42d O. V. I. Good.speed. Wm., co. K, 1.35th O. V. I. *Gorsuch, N. N., co. C, 38tli O. V. I. Gosline, William A., (j. M. -Sergt., 103d O. V. I. Golden, Michael M., Sergeant, co. C, 14th O. V. I. Goulding, C. A., Quartermaster, 23d Corps. Graham, M., co. II, 103d O. V. I. Graham, AV. W., Corporal, co. K, 2.5th Ills. A'. I. and Corporal, co. E, 71.st Ills. V. I. Gram, Charles F., co. B, 18th N. Y. V. I. Greene, John W., 1st Lieut, and ('apt., co. E, 2lltli Ind. V. I. Green, Simeon F., co. A, 84th 0. \'. 1. Greenwood, J., co. C, 3d O. V. C. Gribbin, John, co. A, S4th and co. I, 130tli O. V. I. Griffin, Benjamin F.. co. G, 12Sth O. V. I. Groif, Edward B., co. K, 184th O. V. I. Grover, Isaac P., co. E, .stli O. V. I., and Capt., co. E, 34th O. V. I. Gunn, James D., Sergt., co. C, 33d N. Y. V. I. and Ord. -Sergt., 16th N. Y. H. A. Gunn, Jacob, co. C, 33d N. Y. V. I. Geisbuhler, Ulrich, co. D, 10th O. V. C. tGust J., CO. F, 130th O. V. I. *Haack, Otto, co. A, 9th O.V.I, and Landsman U.S.N. Hacker. Henry, co. F, 130th O. V. I. Hahn, Herman C, Adjutant, 129th Ind. V. I. Halm. Lewis, co. E, lOtli V. K. C. Hall, Cecil A., Corporal, co. H, 1st O. V. L. A. Hall, Elijah B., Major, 130th (l. V. I. Hall, John C. Corporal, co. I, 11th Mich. V. I. Hall, James M., co. G, 3d U. S. I. Hall, James W., co. K, 2.5th 0. V. I. Hollister, Benj. F., co. I, lllth O. V. I. Hamilton, J. Kent, Captain, 113tli O. V. I. Hamlev, .John A., Drummer, Oth Mich. \'. I., and co. G, 1st Mich. S. S. tHamm, John, Captain, co. G, 37th O. A'. I. Hammer, Christ, co. F, 21.st O. V. I., and Captain, CO. G, 6.5th N. Y. V. I. Ilance, Joel E., co. D, 23d O. V. I., and co. D, 23d O. V. V. I. Hanlon, John, co. B, 191st Pa. V. I., and Coriioral, CO. B, 215th Pa. V. I. Hansen, Henry N., 2d Lieut., co. H, 21st Wis. V. I. Hanks, Erastus P., co. K, 5tli Mich. V. C. Hartley, Geo. W., 1st Mich. Sharpshooters. Hartshorn, J. S., co. D, 1.5.5tli Iml. V. I. Harbauer, Jacob, co. A, 14th O. V. I. Harbeck, John S., Jr., bat. D, 1st O. V. L. A. Hardy, James, co. E, 13th O. V. C. Hare, Henry, co. K, 2i0th Pa. V. I. Harmon, Dan., Sergeant, co. K, 18th Mich. V. I. Harpel, Joseph A., Corporal, co. I, 68th O. V. I. Harris, John, co. E, 100th O. V. I. Harris, Leander F., co. K, 15th N. Y. Eng. Hart, A. H., bat. A, 2d N. Y. H. A., and 2d Lieut., CO. G, 26th N. Y. V. I. tHart, Dennis, co. A, 67th O. V. I. Hartshorn, A. M., co. I, 14th Pa. V. C. Harvey, Stimpson H., bat. F, .sth N. Y. H. A. Hassenzahl, Philii), Corporal, co. K, 25th O. V. I. Hathaway, George W., Sergt., co. K, 21st O. A'. Land 21st O. V. V. I. Hatz, Sebastian, co. B, 1.30th O. V. I. Haughev, Charles, co. D, 11th Md. V. \. *Haughton, A. C, Cajitain, co. H, 2d O. V. C. Haughton, Kat., Brev. P>rig.-Gen., 25th O. V. V. I. Hauser, John M., Corporal, co. F, 1.30th O. V. I. *Hatcher, D., co. L, 3d O. V. C. Ilaynes, George W., bat. I, O. H. A. 238 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. IT;ivnes J., eo. G, 8th O. V. L, and co. I, 12th 0. V. C. Ihnnes, Harrison, bat. I, 2d O. V HA. HaVnis, IJiuuU', co. K, 1st Mich. V. I., and co. I, 2d ("l. V. H. A. ,. ^ Havncs. WiUiani, Corp., co. I, 14tli O. A . L. and co. (;,lst (). V. A. Havncs, Wni. B., co. I, loth O. \. I. Hazehvood, John H., co. 1, 47th O. V. I. Hcarlv, John, co. C, Utlith 0. V. T. , ,,^ ,, ^ Hcok," Charles L.. Sergeant, co. K, 2d Md. V. I. Hefflehower. A. M., 1st Lieut, co. G, .3d O. \ . C.,and Ment.-Col., U. S. Army. »Helbing. G., Sergt., co. 1, 21st O. V. I., and Corp. co. 1,. Md O. V. C. Helwis, G., Corporal, co. H, With O.V.I. Henrich George W., 1st Lieut., co.G, 178th N. \ . V.l. Hennig, Fred., Sergeant, co. F, i:mh O. \. I. Hennig. John T., co. F, 21st O. V I. Henrv, J. L., Corporal, co. I, r23d 0. V. I. Hermance, J. H., Musician, co. B, 1-tth and co. E, 67th 0. V. I. Herrick, Thomas C, bat. H, 1st O. V. L. A. Hertzig, Rudolph, co. F, 67th and Corp., co. A, 67th O. V. I. Herzig, Samuel, co. C, loth Mich. V. I., and co. A, 18th Mich. V. I. Hewitt, Charles T., Lieutenant, co. E, 18th Mich. V.I. Hickox, J. L., CO. Ci, — Mich. V. C. Hii'gins, Charles W., Surgeon, .5th 111. V. C. THill Charles W., Adjt.-Cien. Ohio; Brev. Maj.-Gen., U. S. A. Hime, Jacob E., co. B, 7th O. V. I. Himmelsback, A., co. F, 14th, and co. H, 14th O.V.I. Hitchborn, Henry, Sergeant, co. D, 13th O. A'. I., and 1st Lieutenant, co. A, 26th O. V. I. Hock, Jacob B., co. F, 20th Ind. V. I. Hoehler, Charles, co. F, 130th 0. V. I. Hoerlein, Ph., Musician, 17th Ind. V. I. Hoerr, Louis, co. I, 9th, and co. F, 9th 0. V. I. Hoerman, C. AV., co. K, 2d Ky. V. I., and co. M, 2d E. Artillery. Hoffman, Jacob, co. F, 12th Mo. V. I. tHohly, F., Surgeon, I2th Mo. V. I., and Surgeon, 37th O. V. I. Hohn, Lewis, co. E, 10th Regiment V. R. C. Holt, \Vm. H., CO. B, lS2d O. V. I. Holliger, John F., co. B, 72d O. V. I. HoUington, Ambrose, Chaplain, lllth O. V. I. Holleubank, Ct. W., Sergeant, co. A, lS9th O. V. I. Hollenbeck, Ct. A., Lieutenant, 130th O. V. I. Holmes, Charles, Corporal, co. G, 3d Ind. V. C. Holzman, A., co. B, 14th O. V. I. Houbel, Charles, Sergeant, co. C, 3d Mich. V. I. Hopkins, Wm. C, Chaplain, 7th Vt. V. I. Hopkins, Owen J., Quartermaster Sergeant, 42d, and 1st Lieut, and Regt. Quartermaster, 182d O. V. I. House, N. W., 2d Lieutenant, co. K, 1st Mich. V. I. Howe, Henry E., Captain, co. A, 88th O. V. I. *Howe, G. U., U. S. Navy. Hoyt, George S., co. H, 8th 0. V. I. Hubbard, Henry S., co. C, 9th Mich. V. I. Hudelmeyer, Jacob, co. I, 47th, and Captain, co. I, 47th 0. V. I. Hudson, Preston C, Adjutant, 8,5th 111. V. I. Huflbrd, George AV., co. C, 21st, and 1st Lieutenant, CO, E, 14Sth O, V. 1. Hull, Abraham D., co. H, 51st O. V. I. jHugh, Henry, Sergeant, co. F, 1st U. S. I., and Ser- geant, CO. F, 1st U. S. I. Hull, George B., 2d Lieutenant, 187th O. V. I. Humphrey, Geo. AV., co. E, 16th O. V. I. Hunker, A., co. B, 130th O. V. I. *Hunter, Fred., co. F, 9th O. \. C. Hunter, George T., co. A, 45th Pa. Y. I. Hunter, Thomas, Corporal, co. I, .52d O. A'^. I. Huntington, W. A., Sergeant, co. E, 88th lib A'^. I. Huepel, Julius, Sergeant, co. B, 37th O. A'. I. Ingold, Fritz, 1st Lieutenant, co. B, 37th 0. \. I. Ingram, J. A., co. I, 24th Ky. V. I. Irons, Virgil P., co. F, 3d N. Y. V. A. Jackson, John G., co. F, 102d O. A^ I. Jackson, \V., co. E, and Corporal, co. E, 2d M. A^ I. *Jaeger, J., Captain, co. I, lllth O. V. I. Jacobs, D. E., co. H, 1st O. V. I. ^Jacobs, Gust, co. F, 130th O. V. I. Jacobs, Samuel, co. F, 14th O. V. I. Jaquette. John W., Captain, co. E, 100th O. V. I. Jay, Sid. AV., general service. Jefferson, David E., co. C, 55th O. V. I. Jeffrey, AVm. H., co. C, 65th, andco.C. 65th O.A^V.I. Jend.'H., co. B, 9th. and co. B, 9th O. \. Y. I. *Jennings, H. M,, Captain, 95th N. Y. V. I. Jenss, John, co. E, 6th O. V. C. Johnson, Abraham, co. G, 130th O. A^. I. John.son, Herman, Sergeant, co. B, 37th 0. V. I. Johnson, Albert, co. H, 55th 0. A'. I. Johnston, J. D., co. D, 68th O. A'. I.; and co. D, Han- cock's A'ets. *Jones, C. C. Paymaster U. S. A. Jones, Charles H., co. A, 14th 0. A'. I. *Jones, Edward L., Lieutenant, co. F, 44th Mass. V. I.; and Corporal, co. D, 54th Mass. V. I. Jones, E. F., Sergeant, co. A, 72d O. A^. I. Jordan, A\'^m. D., Corporal, co. K, 1st O. V. I. Jovce, David B., co. D, 6th O. A'. I. Ju"(li;e, AVm., co. B, 2d Kv. A'. I. Jung, Carl L., co. H, 130th O. V. I. Just, R. F.. Sergeant, CO. A, 14th O, V. I. Justice, Milton J., co. Ct, 128th O. A'. I. Kahlo, Frank, co. G, 38th, and Sergeant, co. G, 38t.li O. V. I. Kanev, James G., Corporal, co. F, 123d Pa. V. I. tlvarsner, A., co. I, 21st O. V. I. Kehl, Anton, co. D, 34th O. A'. I. *Kehn, John, Sergt and Lieut., co. K, 2.5th O. A". I. Keller, Samuel E.'; co. Ct, 13th Pa. V. C. *Kelley, AV. C, 2d Lieutenant, co. D, 99th 0. A'. I. *Kelley, W. I., Assistant Surgeon, 15th O. A'. I. Kellogg, Harry, Brevet Lieutenant, 102d 0. A'. I. Kellogg, John'T., Musician, 6th Mich. AM. Kernick, John, co. E, 67th O. A'^. I. Kettner, John, co. I. 2.5th O. V. I. ■1-Key, L. L., co. H, 14th 111. V. I. tKidney, A., co. B, 130th O. V. I. Kiedarsch, Jacob, co. I, 37th 0. V. I. King, Jabez W., co, B, 2d Maine V. I. Kingfield, John, co. F, 14th O. V. I. flvingfield, Louis, Sergt., co. C, 21st 0. V. I., and co. C, 21st O. V. V. I. Kingsburv, Henrv D., Captain, co. A, and Lieut. Col., 14th 0. V."I. Kisinger, S. S., Sergeant, co. A, 8th O. A^. I., and Captain, co. K, 65th N. Y. A". I. Kirkham, Edward, co. E, 32d Ind. A'. I. Kitchen, Francis A., Lieutenant, co. A, 174th Pa. A'. I. Kitching, Joseph C, co. K, 1st A't. X. C. Klein, Henry, co. E, 149th O. N. G. Kline, John, Corp. and Sergt., co. B, 14th O. V. T. Kline, Barna M., co. C, 55th O. V. I. *Klemm, Otto, co. B, 1st 111. A'. Art. Kletter, John, Corporal, co. Ct, 9th Ct. A'. I. Knappen, Edward S., co. C, 1st Mich. A'. I., and co. H, 11th Mich. V. I. Knights, James D., Sergeant, co. E, 100th 0. V. I. Koehrman, J., Corporal, CO. C, 3d 0. A'. C. Kohne, Fred. W., co. E, 130th O. V. I. Kocher, John, co. B, 189th O. A'. I. Kountz, John S., Drummer, co. G, 37th O. A^. I. Krepps, John A., co. H, 92d O. A'. I. Kramer, Jacob, co. B, 14th, and co. E, 130th 0. X. I. Kramer, John, co. E, 67th O. A'. I. Kramer, Mathias, co. B, 37th O. X. I., and co. B, 37th O. V. V. I. Kramer, I. K., Lieutenant, co. E, 100th O. V. 1. GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. 239 Krauss, John, co. C, 5th Pa. V. H. A. •*Kratzer, J. W., Sergeant, co. C, 169th 0. V. I. Keubler, Jacob, co. B, 14th, and I, 111th 0. V. I. Kumler, John F., Sergeant, co. A, 83d O. V. I. Kummero, Earnest, co. K, 2.5th O. V. I. LeBarre, John E., 2d Lieut., IGGth < ). V. I. Labordie, Lewis, co. B, (j7th O. V. I. Lafayette, L., co. L, 3d O. V. C. tLangdon, J. B., co. I, 13th Vt. I., and 3d bat. Vt. Art. Lawson, M. J., co. D, 6th O. V. C, and co. D, 196th O. V. I. Lannen, James, 1st Lieut., co. F, 6Sth O. V. I. Larimore. J. K., Landsman U. S. N. Lasalle, Jacob, Captain, co. C, 82d IlL V. I. Lathrop, Miles, Captain, co. B, 189th O. V. L Lawrence, Peter, co. B, 67th 0. V. L, and co. B, (iTth O. V. V. I. *Lawrence, Wm. A., co. C, 3d O. V. C. Leary, Daniel, co. I, 124th Ind. V. I. Lee, Noyes S., co. B, 123d O. V. L *Lee, Oliver, co. A, 18th U. S. I. Lee, John C, Major, 55th, and Col., 164th O. V. I. Lenhardy, Thomas, co. C, 25th O. V. I. Leutz, J. George, co. A, 18th O. V. I. Lewis, Adelbert, bat. H, 1st O. L. A., and H, 1st O.V. L. A. Lewis, J. J., CO. F, 68th O. V. I., and co. F, 6Sth (). V. V.I. *Lewi8, James A., co. A, 32d 0. V. I. Lewis, Shep., co. K, 2.5th O. V. I. *Lewis, Richard, Prin. Musician 29th O. V. I. Lev, John, co. E, 49th (). V. I. Lighter. Franklin, co. C, 35th O. V. I. Lindenberger, S., Musician, co. C, 38th O. V. I. Lindley, Harvey D., co. C, 18th Wis. V. I., and Ser- geant, CO. E, 44th Wis. V. I. 'Lindsay, Carey D., Corporal, co. C, 21.st, and 1st Lieut. 67th 0. V. I. Linton, S. S., co. B, 2d Ky. V. I., and Major 39th 111. V. I. Lippincott, F. M., Captain, co. I, 6th 111. V. C. *Lloyd, Ed. S., co. E, 130th 0. V. I. *Lockwood, Thomas M., Sergeant, co. C, 1st Mich. V. C, and CO. D, 9th 111. V. C. *Loenshal, Morris, co. H, 20th Conn. V. I. Lohner, Valentine, co. B, 15th Mich. V. I. Lombard, Charles K., bat. L. 3d Mass. V. H. A. Long, James, co. F, 11th O. V. I. Long, Christian C, bat. M, 4th U. S. Art. Lovett, Dennis, co. D, 67th 0. V. I. Lownsbury, John B., 1st Lieut., co. A, 84th 0. V. I. *Luckey, James B., Captain, co. L, 3d O. V. C. Luke, Wm., co. D, 54th Pa. V. I. Lyons, Enon, co. D, 9th Mich. V. C. Lyons, Saml., co. C, 3d O. V. C. Lyttle, LaFayette, Captain, and Major, 94th N. Y.V.I. Maloney, John, Sergeant, co. K, 3d O. V. C, and Capt. CO. G, 12Sth 0. V. I. Malvern, D. S., 2d Lieut, co. K, 5th Iowa V. I. Manor, John J. Manning, Wm. J., co. H, 9th N. Y. V. C. Marker, Thos., co. I, 14th O. V. I., and 14th O. V.V. I. Marion, Frank N., Lieutenant, co. A., 14th O. V. I., and Captain, bat. I, 2d la. V. A. Martin, Predon, Corporal, co. A, 130th O. V. I. Marsh, Casper, co. A, lS2d O. V. I. Marshall, John W., co. G, 187th N. Y. V. I. Maurer, Andrew, co. C, 130th 0. V. I. May, William, Musician, co. C, 17th U. S. I. , Mayers, John G., co. I, 66th O. V. I. McCaron, AValter 0., co. D, 9th 111. V. C. McClure, John B., co. E, 1st Neb. V. C, and co. B, 1.50th Ind. V. I. *McCune, Robert, Chaplain, U. S. A. McElliot, R., Corporal, co. D, llth Mich. V. I. McElroy, John H., Corporal, co. C, 7th 111. V. I., and CO. L, 111. V. C. Mcllith, Abbot, co. E, 103d O. V. I. McLaughlin, M. M., Seaman, U. S. N. *McLaughlin, John, co. A, 189th O. V. I. McLyman, Wm. H., 38th O. V. I. McKeeknie, W. E., Lieutenant, co. G, l(>7tli O. \'. I. McKee, Richard M., co. G, 19!st O. V. I. McKinley, A., Sailor, ship "Elfin." McMonagle, John, co. K, 25th O. V. I. McNanv, Patrick, co. A, 148th N. Y. V. 1. Mead, Herbert W., Musician, 14th Mo. V. I., and 29(]i 111. V. I. Meade, Charles N. D., co. I, 3d N. Y. V. C. Meeker, RoUa, co. B, lOl.st O. V. I. Meeks, Samuel H., Corporal, co. H, 38th O. V. I. Meisner, Charles, Sergeant, co. F, 130th O. V. J. Melvin, James, 33d Mass. V. I. Menhenning, James B., C'orporal, co. E, 100th O. V. I. Merrickel, Louis E., co.C, 130th 0. V. I. Merrill, George W., Captain, co. F, 44th Ind. V. I. tMery, J. T., co. B, lltli, and Capt., co. D, 37th 0.\ . 1. «Merry, L. E., Captain, co. D, 34th O. \'. I. Metier, Wm. C, co. H, lUlst 0. V. I. Metzger, Peter, Musician, 37th O. V. I. tMetzger, J. W., co. K, 2.5th O. V. I., and bat. H, 1st 0. V. A. Mayers, Herman, co. Ci, 37th O. V. I. Mvers, W. W., co. M, 12th O. V. C, and Capt., co. B, il7th U. S. C. T. Meyers, John, co. I, 6.5th 0. V. I. Meyers, Ed. S., Major, 4th O. V. I. Miles, William B., .Sth N. Y. S. S. Millard, Irwin, I., co. I, 15th O. V. I. Miller, Andrew S., Orderlv Sergeant, co. G, lloth O. V. I. Miller, Benjamin F., co. 1, 3il 0. V. I., and Lieut., co. C, 35th O. V. I. Miller. Joseph N.. co. I, 14th O. V. I., and C'orporal, CO. I, 14th O. V. I. Mills, R., Sergeant, co. I, 148th O. V. I. Milmine, Alex., co. A, l.st Mich. V. I. t.Milverstedt, Christ. Leader of Band, 14th 0. V. I. Miser, James M., co. L, 1st. Mich. Eng., and co. I, 130th O. N. G. Mitchel, Chris., co. K, 25th O. V. I. Morhr, AVilliam H., co. F, 37th O. V. I. Montgomery, Chas. M., bat. I, 14th N. Y. V. A. fMoore, Albert, Capt., co. A, 14th O. V. I., and Lieut. Colonel, 14th O. V. V. I. Moore, Joseph, co. K, 25th O. V I. Moore, Wm. H., Sergeant, co. D, 18th U. S. I. Morehead, George W., Lieut., co. I, 99th O. V. I. Morrin, Henry, co. H, 111th 0. V. I. *Morris, Clarence, bat. H, 1st O. V. L. A. Morath, Frank J., co. C, .5th O. V. C. tMote, William, co. I, 75th 111. V. I. Motler, John, co. K, 102d O. V. I. Munson, Corvdon W., oo. A, 189th O. V. I. Mun.son, Shiibal, co. H, 130th O. V. I. tMulverhill, James, Seaman, U. S. Frigate Potomac. Mueller, Henry, co. G, 130th O. V. I. Murphy, Levi, Captain, co. B, 189th 0. V. I. Naugle', George W., co. D, 123d O. V. I. Nagely, John, co. A, 84th, and co. C, 41st 0. V. I. Nellis, Henry, co. A, 14th O. V. I. Nellis, Louis, co. G, 37th O. V. I. Nelson, K., 2.5th O. V. I. Neubert, H. G., co. A, and Captain co.B, 14th O.V. I. Neuhausel, Martin, Corporal, co. D, 100th O. V. I. Nevius, Laird W., Q,. M. Sergeant, bat. I, 2d O. H. A. *Newell, A. D., co. F, 14th 0. V. I. Newman, John L., co. G, 21st Pa. V. C. Newton, J. R., co. E, 7th Conn. V. I. Newton, Robt., co. H, and Corporal co. H, .5th U. S. C. Newton, T. E., co. H, 6th Mo. V. I. Nichols, Samuel W., co. F, 1st Mich. Eng. Nichols, Francis L.,co. C, 130th O. V. I. Nicholas, S. C, 17th Ohio Battery. 240 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. •Niles, E. R., co. F, 9th Ind. V. I. tNohl, J. J., CO. K,:!7th O. V. I ,,,,„. i Norton, K. H., Corporal, co. E, 84tb (>. V. I., and Major, U.S. Army. ,. t « Norton, (i. AV., Captain, l.at. II, 1st <». \ ; E; A. Norton, H. G., Ut Licnti'nant, l:!7th U. S. C. i. tNorth, A. C, Mnsician, co. A, I.iOth O. V. 1. O'Connor, .lohn, co. C, 14th O. V. J. Oborn. Hartwell, Captain, co. I, ooth O. V. 1. tOsborn, Kalph, co. A, >S4th O. V. I. Osborn, Kansoni P., Ord. Seigt., co. D, 14tb, and C^aptain, co. G, l(j:!d 0. V. I. O'SulHvan, F. J., Captain, co. D, (u tli O. \ . I. O-Swaia, J. W., CO. G, 2;5d O. V. 1. Otl, riiilip, CO. B, ;?7th O. V. I. Otto, Jnlius E.,co. E, 72d 0. V. I. *I'ackara, ¥., Chicago Battery. tPaine, E. B., co. G, Slst M. G. V. M. Palmer, George H., Sergeant, co. K, 25th 0. V. I. Palmer, Melvin R., bat. C, 1st O. V. L. A. Palmer, M. T., Sergeant, co. B, 6th U. S. C. Parker, J. A., co. A, Mo.V.,andOrd.Sergt. 128th O.V.I. Parker, R. T.. Sergt., co. C, Sijtli O. V. I., and Bugler, CO. C. 10th O. V. C. Parker, .Senter S., Sergeant, co. H, 4tb Mich. V. I. Parker, Sewell S., Major, 4th Mich. V. 1. Parmalee, Myron H., Drummer, co. A, 13()th O. V. I. Parmalee, Wm. E., jr., Lieut, bat. H, 1st O. V. L. A. Passmore, L., Ord. Sergt.. co. G, 2()th, and Capt., co E, 118th Pa. V. I. Peck, OtisL.. 2d Lieutenant, co. B. 101st O. V. I. Peet, John H., bat. D, 4th N. Y. H. A. Pelton, Elias C, Corporal, co. H, Ulth O. V. I. fPease, Don A., Sergeant, co. B, blOth O. V. I. Pence, Samuel, Corporal, co. B, Gist, and co. B, 82d O. V. I. Pennell, George R., Corp. and Sergt., co. A, 14th O.V.I. Penrod, Wm., co. C, 180th O. V. I. f Perigo, Wm. H., Lieutenant, bat. H, 1st O. L. A. Perrvn, W. F., co. E, 13th N. Y. V. I. Pettel, Cyril, co. H, loth Mich. V. C. Peugh, Daniel W., Corp., co. C, 135th, and Lieut., co. E, 18.5th 0. V. I. Phelps, Oohn, co. G, 130th O. V. I. Pliilc. Henry E., co. B, lS8tli O. V. I. Phillips, Chas. B., Colonel, 130th O. V. I. Pickard, W., co. H, 14th O. V. I. Pierce, Henry D., co. G, 7th O. V. I. Pierce, Wm. G., bat. H, 1st O. V. L. A. Plaisted, Wm. PL, co. E, 9th Mich. V. C. Piatt, Merit W., co. F, 103d O. V. L Plumer, Wm. S., co. F, Kith O. V. I. Polite, Joseph, co. C, 19th Mich. V. 1. Pool, George E.,co. A, 15th Mich. V. I. Pool, M., CO. A, ISOth 0. V. 1. Poole, Charles, co. C. 3d Pa. V. C. Potts, Jos. W., Sergeant, co. L, Kith Mich. V. 1. Potter, Emerv D., jr., co. A, 84th O. V. I. Potter, Erskiiie H., co. B, PJtith O. V. I. Powers, C. C, Musician, Uth Mass. V. I., and 3d Vt. Prarie, Samuel, co. D, lltli .Mich. V. I. Pray, J. L., Bugler, hat. H, 1st O. L. A., and Sergeant Signal Corps. Price, J. Cooper, Surg. Gen. Dept. U. S. A. Price, J. F., Paymaster, IJ. S. A. Puck, John H., co. G, 37th O. V. I. Pugsley, Isaac P., A. A. Paymaster, U. S. N. tPurdy, J.C, co. C, and Captain, co C, 9th .Mich. I. Quiggle, Romanso C, Captain, co. H, 130th O. V. I. Quinn, John M., co. F, Benton Cadets, and Sergeant, CO. PI, .5Uth O. V. I. Quinn, Wm., co. I, 2od, and Sergt., co. I, 73d O. V. I. tRaffensperger, E. B., Chaplain, 14th O. V. I. Raitz, Benjamin, co. D, and 2d Lieut. 9th 111. Cav. Raitz, Fred, co. F, 130th O. V. I. *Rank, David A., 130th Ind. V. I. Raysor, Augustus, co. D, 124th O. V. I. Raynor, Wm. II., Lieut., co. G, 1st, and Lieut. Col., 56th O. V. I. Reed, Charles, co. B, 128th O. V. I. Reed, Samuel N., 2d Sergt., co. G, and (l M. Sergt., CO. B, 114tb O. V. I. Reed, Samuel VV., Corporal, co. E, 123d O. V. I. Reed, W. A., Corporal, co. K, 120tli O. V. I. Reeves, Louis, Sergt., and Lieut., co. G, l.stMich. Cav. *Reicherd, F., co. I, 07th O. V. I. Reimele, Henrv, co. C;. 193d 0. V. I. Reiger, Fred, co. F, 130th O. V. 1. Reimensnvder, C. A., co. E. 28th Pa. V. I. Reno, Peter, co. I, 47th O. V. I. Revnolds, Charles, co. K, 3d 0. V. C. Rhoades, Bartley, co. G, 71st O. V. I. Richard, Fred., co. K, 25th O. V. I. Richardson, Andrew, co. E, 142d N. Y. V. I. Richwin, George, co. B, IHOth 0. V. I. Rice, Ansel G., co. F, 11th Mich. V. I. Ricket'ts, Jacob, bat. Ct, 1st O. V. L. A. Ridenour, William T., Surgeon, 12th O. V. I. Rinebold, M.. co. I, 101st O. V. I. Ringleman, Phil., co. B, 111th, and Corporal, co. B, 130th O. V. I. Renger, William A., co. B, 80th O. V. I. Rodebaugb, C. B., 1st Sergeant, co. E, 19th Mich.V. I. *Roberts, E. C, Orderly Sergeant, 26th N. Y. V. I.; and Sergeant, co. C, 8th N. Y. V. C. Roberts, Geo. H., co. B, 14th O. V. I. Roberts, L. D., Musician, co. A, 1.5th Mich. V. I. Rogers, Charles H., Uth Lid. Battery. Robertson, Henrv, co. I, 7ith, and co. D, 128th O.V.I. Robson, John, co". G, 100th O. V. I. Rogers, Geo. P. co. I, lfi9th O. V. I. Rogers, A. R., 14th O. V. I. Rotleraan, George M., co. E, 112th N. Y. V. 1. Romeis, John C, co. B, 65th N. Y. V. I. Roraback, Tarbell Z., co.I, 122d N. Y. V. I. Rosenbaum, H., co. K, 20th, and Captain, co. D, 37tli O. V. V. I. Rose, Thomas, co. K, 25th O. V. I. *Ros.s John, CO. H, lUth O. V. I. Roth, John, co. C, 2d U. S.L; and co. B, 2(lth O. V.V.I. Roth, Geo., CO. B, 130th 0. N. G. Rowe, S. M., CO. E, 206th Pa. V. I. Rowley, Horace, co. K, 17th Vt. V. I. Royce," William, Engineer, U. S. N. Rowsey, Charles A., Captain, co. D, 67tb (». V. I. fRowsey, John A., Sergeant, co. D, (wth i ». V. I. Rupple, Conrad, co. B,''l30th 0. V. I. Sacco, Henry, co. A, 189th O. V. I. fSala, Benjamin, CO. D, 1st O. V. I. SalLsburv, W. N., Sergeant, co. F, 42d 111. V. I. fSangston, I., Captain, co. F, 100th O. V. I. Salter, N., co. M, 8th N. Y. V. C. Sanzenbacher, D., Corj)oral, co. C, 17th Mo. V. I. *Saunders, Ign., co. F, 102d O. V. I. Santer, Mich.ael, co. B, o7th O. V. I.; and co. C, 37th O. V. V. I. Sawtelle, Woolse N., 18th Ind. Battery. Sawyer, Homer, co. C, 21st, and Sergeant, co. A, 67th O. V. I. Sawyer, Ira B., bat. F, 1st Mich. V. L. A. Scanlon, Edward, co. F, 72d O. V. I. Scott, M. W., CO. I, 14th O. V. I. Scott, Albert E., bat. H, 1st O. V. L. A. Scott, W. P., CO. K, 2.5th O. V. I.; and Captain, co. A, 2.5th O.V. I. Scott. Joseph, CO. K, 128th 0. V. I. Scheetz, C, Corporal, co. F, 25th O. V. I.; and Pri- vate, CO. C, 21st O. V.I. Sehaefer, Charles P., Captain, co. I, 67th O. V. I. Schaller, Fred, Sergeant, co. I, Ulth O. V. I. Scherer, George, Corporal, co. G, 37th O. V. I. Schlencker, Chris., co. F, 130th O. V. I. Schiller, Fred., co. G, 130th O. V. I. Schiely, Charles M., Lieutenant, bat. K, 1st O.V.L.A. GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. 241 Scl.midt, A., co. A, 4th and 19th U. S. I. fSchmelz, A., Corporal, co. E, 111th O. V.I. jSchroeder, George, co. I, (ISth 0. V. I. Schmidt, D., Captain, co. I, 37th O. V. I. Schmidt, WilHam, Sergeant, co. G, 37th O. V. I. Schneider, John, co. H, 17lh !Mo. V. I. Schneider, John, co. G, 37th O. V. I. Schneider, Fred., co. K, l.^th Mich. V. T. *Schneider, C, co. C, 49th, and Corporal, co. C, 49th O. V. I. Schraum, B., co. I, 130th 0. Y. I. •fSclirein, M., co. E, 2.3th 111. V. I. Schropp, Joseph, co. C, 25th. and co. K, 2.')th C). V. I. Schuler, Charles, co. B, 14th O. V. I. Schuler, J., Corporal, co. I, 47th O. V. I. Schnltz, W., CO. B, 14th, and Captain, co. H, 37th 0. V. I. Schumacher, John M., co. F, 14th O. V. I. Schwartz, Otto, Sergeant, co. K, .jth Pa. V. C. *Schwind, F., co. I, tilth O. V. I. Schwinghammer, David, co. B, 5Sth O. V. I. Schwager, J., co. E, 130th O. V. I. Scott, Joseph, CO. K, 128th O. V. I. Seaman, I. K., Captain, co. I, 21st O. V. I. Sebastian, Fred. L., Captain, co. B, 37th 0. V. I. Seek, Lewis J., co. E, 8th O. V. I. Seel, Philip, Corporal, co. H, 197th O. V. I. Seeis, Jacob, co. H, 14th 0. V. I. Shakes, Levi H., co. F, 14th O. V. I. Shamlott'el, August, Corporal, co. K, 14th O. V. I.; and Corporal, 7th N. Y. Battery. Shaw, Daniel, co. I, 13th 111. Y. I. Shav, Lewis, co. G, 130th O. V. I. Sheldon, David D., bat. L, 18th N. Y. L. A.; and Or- derly Sergeant, co. I, 192d N. Y. V. I. Sliepherd, Andrew J., Corporal, co. D, 10th 0. V. I. Shepherd, A. G., co. I, 23d 0. Y. I.; and co. M, 5th U. S. C. Shepler, Pius L., co. B, 128th O. Y. I. Sheridan, A. J., co. E, 124th O. V. I. Shilling, Conrad, co. E, 67th O. Y. I. Sheridan, A. J., co. E, 24th Ind. Y. I. Sherwood, Isaac R., Captain, 14th O. Y. I., and Bre- vet Brigadier General. *Simmons, Gi. W., Sergeant, co. G, 5th U. S. A. Simpson, William, Master-at-arms, Blackhawk. Skeldon, John E., co. B, 100th O. Y. I. Skehan, R., co. C, 14th 0. Y. I. Skinner, Samuel W., Surgeon, 4th Ct. V. I.; and 1st Ct. V. H. A. Slevin, Patrick S., Bvt. Brig. General, 100th 0. V. I. *Smith, A. B., co. H, 14th, and Lt. Col., 100th O.V.I. Smith, M. C, Corporal, co. M, 5th Mich. V. C. Smith, W. H., co. K, 68th O. V. I. Smith, J. AV., Captain, co. H, lUth 0. Y. I. Smith, Frank W., co. E, S4th O. V. I. Smith, John, co. C, 18th 111. V. I. Smith, W. H. H., Corporal, bat. H, 1st 0. V. L. A.; and 2d Lieutenant, 21st 0. V. L. A. Smith, D. C, Sergeant, co. A, 82d O. V. I. Smith, Henrv, co. E, 6th Mo. Y. C. Smith, Fred P., Sergeant, co. K, Sth N. Y. V. C. Smith, James L., co. I, 10th Iowa V. I. •Smith, W. F , co. C, 4th 0. V. I. Smith, E. H., CO. B, 12th, and 37th 111. V. I. Sullwold, J., CO. B, 37th 0. V. I. Speyer, G. AV., Hospital Steward, 19th Mo. V. I. Spore, William H., co. H, 5th N. Y. Y. I. Squires, O. H., co. H, 8th Ind. Y. I. Squire, W. I., Corporal, co. K, 15th O. Y. I. Stadel, John, co. D, 72d O. V. I. Stahi, George, co. E, 111th 0. V. I. Starr, C. C, Cai^tain, co. G, 12Sth O. V. I. ■fSteedman, J. B., Colonel, 14th O. V. I., and Maj. Gen. Steig, Jacob, co. A, S4th O. V. I. Stevens, E. H., co. H, 111th 0. V. I. Stephens, James N., Seaman, "Benton," U. S. N. Stipp, Joseph A., co. I, Sth O. V. C. Steuer, Joseph, Corporal, co. B, 1.5th Pa. V. I. fStockman, J., Sergeant, co. K, 142d N. Y. V. I. *Stockwell, G. A., Assistant Paymaster, U. S. X. Strauss, John, co. I, 111th, ami co. F, i:50th (). V. I. Stritmater, John M., Corporal, co. K, 100th Pa.V.V.I. *Stroud, David W., co. F, 11th Midi. V. I.; and 1st Mich. V. H. A. Stutesman, Robert D., bat. K, 1st O. Y. H. A. Swan, C. J., Orderly Sergeant, 87th 0. V. I. *Swayne, Wager, Brigadier General. Sweeney, J., Noncoiiimis.sioned Officer, U. S. N. Sweatland, G., Corporal, co. D, 34th O. Y. I. Swigart, Joseph R., co. C, Sth O. \' . I. *Taylor, H. B., co. A, S4th O. V. I. Tebean, A. J., co. K, 2.5th, and Corporal, co. H, llltli O. Y. I. fTemme, George W., 1st Lieutenant, co.K,37th O.Y.I. Terry, Orange S., co. D, 35th la. Y. I. Terry, Titus B., Sergeant, co. B, 3d O. V. C. *Thaetor, Fred., co. I, 9th 0. V. C. Thomas, Charles W., co. G, lS9th O. Y. I. Thomas, C. L., Sergeant, co. D, .5th Ind. V. C. Thomas, G. W., Lieutenant, co. I, 10th N. Y. V. I. Thomas, John, bat. G, Ind. V. Artillery. Thompson, Ed., co. C, 3d O.V.C; and co. D,5th O.V.C. Thompson, .lohn, co. D, 111th O. V. I. Thompson, James, co. H, 111th 0. Y. I. Thorn, Samuel S., Surgeon, 130th O. \. I. Thorn, Webster, co. B, 14th O. Y. I. Thornberg, Thomas H., Lieut., co. F, Sth 0. Y.I. Tibbits, W., Captain, co. C, 116th N. Y. Y. I. "Timmons, James, 1st Lieut., co. I, 5th O. V. I. Titus, W. A., CO. K, 14th O. Y. I. Todd, Francis E., co. K, 6th Mich. Y. I. Topliflf, Charles A., co. B, 14th 0. Y. I. Torgler, Ernest, Sergeant, co. G, 37th O. Y. I. Totten, Henry J., Sergeant, co. C, 130th 0. Y. I. Tourtellotte, A. D., 3d Iowa Cavalry. *Treuschel, T., co. B, 55th (). V. I. Trimble, AV. J., co. I, 142d O. V. I. Triquart, P., Sergt. and Lieut., co. K, 25th 0. Y. I. Trotter, L., co. E, 111th O. \. I. Truesdell, Amos J., 30th AVisconsin V. I. Tucker, Theo. B., co. B, 88th O.AM., and Sergt., bat. M, 1st O. V. A. Tufts, J. AV., Q. M. Sergt., 16th Mass. A". I. Turlev, William, bat. L, 1st N. Y. \'. A. Turner, N. G., co. H, 21st 0. \. I. Turner, John H., co. K, 67th 0. \. I. Ullrich, Adam, Sergeant, co. E, 111th 0. A'. I. Umberhaum, Christ., co. H. 130th O. Y. I. Upham, Furman, co. C, 1st 0. A'. C. Urquehardt, H. P., Ord.-Sergt., co. B, 38th O. A'. I., and Private, co. C, 7th \. R. C. Valley, Joseph, 3d A't. Y. L. A. *A^anetten, A., Sergeant, co. G, 3d O. \ . C. YauEtten, John W., Sergeant, co. F, 144th O. X. I. A'andusen, A., co. H, 197th O. V. I. tVanhoosen, L. B., co. F, 67th O. A'. I. *Varney, Burton, Sergeant, co. F, 48th Ind. A'. I. Veina, JFrank H., Corp.. co. G, 2d Batn. 18th U. S. I. Yeo, Peter, co. K, 1st Mich. V. C. Viertelle, H., Corporal, co. H, 14th O. V. I. Voget, Godfrey, co. D, 111th 0. \. I. Vrooman, Gieorge W., Sergeant, co. II, 100th O. \ . I. Whacker, Lewis, co. E, 130th 0. X. I. AVaddick, J. M., Sergeant, co. C, Sth 111. V. I. AVade, Thomas O., co. K, 54tli O. V. I. AVagner, Frank, co. K, 49th O. A'. I. AA^aite, Richard, Capt. co. A, 84th and Capt. co. C, 130th O. A'. I. AV^aldron, Jerome B., co. K, 67th 0. V. I. AValker, John, Corporal, co. D, 182d O. V. I. Wales, Ralph AV., co. G, 12Sth 0. V. I. Wallace, S. L., co. B, 22d O. V. I. Wamsher, John AV., co. I, 128th Pa. V. I. 242 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. »Wann, W. L. Dr., Major, 136th Pa. V. I., and Lieut. CO. D, 102d O. V. I. Ware, William, Lieut., co. H, 20th 111. V. I., and Lieut.. Si-itnal Service. Warficld, H. L, co. B, 14th O. V. I., and co. B, 14th O. V. V. I. Waring, Sebre IL, Corporal, co. E, S4th O. \ . I. Warnislev, Lawrence, Lieut., co. C, lS2d O. V. I. Warn, Monroe ('., co. H, 132d Pa. V. I. Warren, Alfred N., co. A, 14th 0. V. I. Walters, Thomiis, 2d Lieut., co. E, 111th O. V. I. ♦Washburn, A. G., co. F, 14th O. V. L, and 14th O. V. V. I. Watson, John A., Sergeant, co. F, oSth O. V. V. I. Watson, John W., co. H, 30th Ind. V. I. Watson, Pliny, 1st Lieut., co. K, 55th O. V. I. Watson, Daniel, co. E, 45th and co. G, 134th 111. V. I. Webb, James K., co. K, 1st Mich. V. I., and Corp., 28th Batt. I. v. Weber, Alex., co. E, fi7th 0. V. I. Weber, John, co. K, 37th O. V. I. tWeber, Marcus, co. G, 37th O. V. I, Weber, Valentine, co. B, 37th 0. V. I. Weible, Geoi-ge S., co. F, 100th O. V. I. Weiland. James, Corporal, co. C, 1st O. V. C. Weil, Conrad, Sergeant, co. C, 130th O. V. I. Weitzell, Henry, co. F, .54th O. V. I. Wellman, H. W., Sergeant, co. L, 16th 111. V. C. Welles, George E., Lieut.-Col., 68th O. V. I., andBvt. Brig. -General. Welmore, Nicholas H., co. B,14th, andK, 2.5th O.V.I. Welshofer, Charles F., co. B, 37th O. V. I. Wanning, George J., co. K, 37th O. V. I, Wenzel, J., co. E, 9th O. V. C, and co. I, 25th O.V.I. Werder, J., co. H, 21st O. V. I. Werr, Lawrence, Seaman Miss. Squad., and Private, CO. K, lOSth O. V. I. Wetmore, Nicholas N., co. B, 14th O. V. I., and co. K, 25th O. V. V. I. Whalon, Jolm M., co. I, 15th Mass. V. I. Whipple, Jerome B., 8th N. Y. V. I. White, Channing, co. G, 7.5th O. V. I., and bat. C, 2d O. V. H. A. White, John G., co. K, 155th N. Y. V. I., and Seaman White, J. \V., CO. A, 14th and co. G, .38th O. V. I. Whitemill, George, co. M, Sth Mich. V. C. Whittelsy, Robert D., 1st Lieut, bat. G, 1st O. L. A. Whitlock, J. A., CO. C, 21st O. V. I., and bat. H, 1st O. V. L. A. Wiechard, A. B., co. K, ISth Mich. V. I. Wilbur, Herman L., co. D, 4th Mich. V. C. Wilcox, Alb., CO. G, 130lh O. V. I. Wilcox, Minot I., Q. M., 130th O. N. G. Willey, Henry, co. G, 144th and co. C, 189th O. V. I. AVilkinson, John P., co. F, 197th O. V. I. Willhauk, Anthony, co. C, 1st O. V. C. Williams, Charles IL, co. D, 182d O. V. I. Williams, Edward D., co. A, 14th O. V. I. Williston, Geo. J., Co. A, 14th O. V. I. Wilsey, W. G., co. C, 111th O. V. I. Wilson, Oliver C, bat. H, 1st O. V. L. A. tWilson, Wm., co. L, 1st Mich. Eng. Wilson, Richard F., co. I, 10th Pa. V. C, and co. K, 190th O. V. I. Wiltsee, John L., co. H, 1st O. V. L. A. Winzler, Matthias, co. B, 37th O. V. I. Witker, Fred. E., co. C, 130th O. V. I. Witzman, Max, co. K. 192d O. V. I. Wittich, Charles, co. H, 111th O. V. I. Wittich, Theo., co. C, 32d Ind. V. 1. Wolcott, John F., co. H, 9th O. V. C. Wolcott, Joseph L., Lieut., co. B, G7th 0. V. I. *Woldmau, H., Sergt., co. G, 37th O. V. I.; Capt., co. H, 1st O. N. Q. Wolf, Joseph, Corp., co. F, 2d N. Y. V. I., and Corp., CO. F, 9th N. Y. V. I. Wolfort, Fred., co. B, 5.5th O. V. I. Woodard, A. J., co. G, 147th N. Y". V. I. Woodard, Calvin P., Corporal, co. H, 110th N.Y.V. I. Woodbury, Albert, co. E, 67th O. V. I. Woodrufl', C. D., Captain — full record not given. Wood, Harrison, Sergt., co. A, 14th and 1st Lieut., co. A, 140th 0. V. I. Woods, Jcseph T., Surgeon, 99th O. V. I. Woods, Edwin, co. I, 47th O. V. I. WooLson, Alvin M., Sergt.-Maj., bat. M, 1st O. H. A. Wormwell, John S., co. C and co. B, 1st Me. V. I. Worts, George, 2d Lieut, co. I, 67th 0. V. I. Worts, John J., co. K, 2.5th O. V. I. Wuerful, John C, CO. A, 14th and 1st. Lieut, co. F, 130th O. V. I. Wvnn, David M., co. B, 49th, and Sergt., co. B, 49th O. v. I. *Y'eager, F., co. F, 144th and Sergt., co. E. ISlst O.V.I. Young, Charles L., Brev. Lieut.-Col., 70th N. Y. V. I. *Y'oung, George, co. C, 18th Mich.V. I. Young, John, co. G, 37th O. V. I. Young, James, co. H, 67th O. V. I. Y'oung, Spencer A., co. K, 18th Mich. V. I. Zander, F., Musician, 37th O. V. I. Zander, Chris., Sergeant, co. G, 37th O. V. I. Zeller, Joseph, Sergeant, co. C, 100th 111. V. I. Zimmerman, Charles E., co. A, S7th Pa. V. I. Zink, John, co. F and co. D, 14th O. V. I. FORD POST, NO. 14, EAST TOLEDO. This Po.st was organized under charter bear- ing (late of January 21, 18G7, with the following members : Charles L. Hurlliurt, Augustus Brown, Frank P. Wilson, Michael Mulrooney, Joab Squire, George Scheets, William Sexton, F. J. Kostack, Joseph A. Perry, Samuel McDonald, Arnold McMahon. A second charter was issued August 26, 1878, with the following members, to wit : Frank P. Wilson, Norman Inman, N. L. Badger, Alonzo L. Brown, Joseph B. Jennings, Or.son Sage, Joab Squire, George Scheets, John H. Mack, John McLain, Willis E. Clark. The Post took its name from Captaiu Hyatt G. Ford, of Company B, Sixty-Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He had been for many years a prominent and respected citizen of Bast Toledo, where for some time he was engaged in the culture of Fruit Trees and Shrubbcrj-. He was one of the earliest Volunteers in the Union Army, and was the first to be brought home to that vicinity as a victim of treason's wrong, he having been killed in battle at Win- chester, Virginia, March 16, 1862. Elijah Whitmore, of the same command, was first at Ca]itain Ford's side when he fell. The remains were placed in Willow Cemetery, near to the present site of the Soldiers' Monument. In 1879, steps were taken to provide a suit- able burying-place for Soldiers dying, when the Trustees of Oregon Township, at request of the GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. 243 Post, granted a very desirable lot in Willow Cemetery, which was properly laid oiit, sodded, and otherwise improved. Subsequently, the Trustees of the Township granted additional grounds in the Cemetery, and also the matter of a Soldiers' Monument was early proposed, and was prosecuted with such energ}-, that the Post was permitted to unveil the memento on Decoration Day, 1882, which was an occasion of unsurpassed interest with the members of the Post and a large assemblage of citizens present. The construction of the Monument was prosecuted largely by the Ford Post Monu- ment Association, of which the following per- sons were the Officers : President, Charles A. Crane ; Secretary and Treasurer, Geo. Scheets ; Executive Committee, C. A. Crane, Thaddeus W. Taylor, Willis E. Clark, Joab Squire, Geo. Scheets. The Pa.st Commanders of Ford Post were as follows; Under first charier — Colonel Arnold McMahon, Lieutenant Horace Dodds, Captain A. Romeyn Eogers, and Captain Joab Squire. "Under second charter — Joseph B. Jennings (three tei-ms), Willis E. Clark, Captain Joab Squire, and George E, Cool. The officers of the Post for 1887, are as follows: Orson Sage, P. C; George White. S. V. P. C; John D^ Foster, J. V. P. C; O. L. Riddle, Adjutant; George Scheets, Quarter- master; F. P. Wilson, Surgeon ; A. E. Hinds, Chaplain ; M. J. Scott, 0. D.; O. Weaver, O. G.; D. C. Williams, S. M.; John Thorp, Q. M. S.; A. Muchler,!. G.; J. F. Owen, O, G.; B. Miller, Color-Bearer; James H. Emery, Historian. Following is a list of members of Ford Post, to May, 1887, all being Privates, except as otherwise stated . Almonrode, Wm. F., co. G, 110th O. V. I. Arquette, Steven, co. A, loOth O. N. G. Applegate, Gilbert, co. C, 14th O. V. I. Brown, Sylvester, Captain, co. A, l.HOth O. N. G. Brown, L. A., Corporal, co. E, Md O. V. O. Brown, John L., co. A, 130th O. N. G. Beltz, John, jr., co. B, (37th O. V. I. Betters, Chas. B., co. K, 14th O. V. I. Benn, Cyrus N., co. G, 3d Mich Cav. Beltz, John, sr., co. H, 14th O. V. I. Clark, WiUis E., Sergeant, co. B, 14th O. V. I. Culver, Horace, Sergeant, co. B, 14th O. V. I. Cool, George E., co. K, 4th X. Y. I. Clark, S. M., co. C, IfiSth N. Y. I. Corey, B. S., co. C, 2d U. S. I. Crawford, John S., 2d Lieut., bat. M, 13th N. Y. H. A. DeBolt, Amos, co. A, 130th O. X. G. DeWitt, N. C, CO. E, 3d O. V. C. DeCant, Peter, co. K, 18th Mich. V. I. Dahn, John, co. B, G7th O. V. I. Dowel, Moses, co. B, 182d O. V. I. Eaton, J. F., co. D, 67th 0. V. I. Emery, James H., Bugler, co. I, 14th Mich. Bat. Eley, Charles S., co. B, 43d O. V. 1. Foster, John D., co. B, 3d Mich. V. C. Fassett, Ransom A., co. A, l.S2d O. V. I. Frazier, George C, co. G, Sl.st N. Y. V. I. Foight. Henrv, co. U. liHli U. S. I. Fowler, George F., co. K, 130th O. V. I. Foster, Willard C, Carpenter, Monitor Fleet. Earner, Wilson, co. C, 3d O. V, C. Gardner, Nathan, co. A, 130th O. N. G. Grove, William H.. co. G, lllth O. V. I. Gwinner, G. A., co. B, 1.30th O. N. (i. Grover, George A., co. D, .34th O. V. I. Howland, Orange, Cajitain, co. C, 3d O. V. C Hathaway, Harrison A., co. 11, 14th O. V. I. Huffman, Albert, co. B, lllth (). V. 1. Hinds, Alfred E., bat. C, 2d O. V. H. A. Held, Christian, Sailor, co. I. Hollister, Jesse, co. B, .3d O. V. C. Jennings. Jos. B., Sergeant, co. A, 182d O. V. I. Jacobs, Gilbert, bat. A, 1st O. V. A. Kenan, James, co. K, 123d O. V. I. Kiefer, Eli, co. B, lllth O. V. I. Kohne, Henry, co. A, 130th O. V. I. Long. Isaac, co. D, 182d 0. V. I. Lewis, Charles C, Captain, 07th O. V. I. Langendorf, Jacob, co. A, 182d O. V. L Lynn, D. R., co. D, 190th O. V. L Lomison, Jas.. co. C, 148th N. Y. V. I. Loop, Philip G., CO. B, 67th 0. V. I. Mack. John H., Sergeant, co. A, 130th O. N. G. McLain, William J.,co. D, Gist O. V. L McDougal, Frank J., co. 0, 3d O. V. C. :\Iarshall, William B., co. D, 3d O. V. C. McPhillips, J. E., CO. B, 14th O. V. I. Miller, Bernard, co. C, 3d O. V. C. Moon, John W., co. B, 14th O, V. I. McAllister, D. H., Sailor, M. TJ. S. N. Manore, Eli, co. H, lllth O. V. I. Mominee, Jos., co. C, ISth Mich. V. I. Miles, Bartlett, co. B, 170th (). V. I. Mominee, John. co. (J, ISth i\Iich V. 1. McNitt. Tom D., Sergeant, co. I, 14.")th O. V. L McElliott, Fred, co. B, 14tli0. V. L McTague, Thomas, co. L, 2d O. V. I. Munger, Frank D., co. B, 14th O. V. L Moon, Amos, co. A, 130th O. V. L Moses, William R., co. I, Sth O. V. L McGinnis, D. B. Navarre, Robert C, Corporal, co. E, 100th O. V. I. Nixon, William, Captain, co. B, 07th O. V. I. Nopper, Fred, co. B, 37th O. V. I. Navarre, Lambert, bat. L, 2d O. V. A. Navarre, James P., bat. L, 2d U. S. H. A. Navarre, Samuel, co. A, 130th O. V. L Owens, Joseph, co. B, 33d 111. V. I. Olmstead, Theodore, co. A, 130th O. N. G. Poier, William, co. B, 144th O. N. G. Pheils, Jacob, co. B, 182d O. V. 1. Pool, John, CO. H, 15th Mich. V. I. Pittman, D. B., co. A, 11th Pa. V. I. Page, John M., co. A, 01st N. Y. V. 1. Rohner, Casper, co. D, 8th O. V. I. Ryan, William S., 1st Lieutenant, co. B, 189th O. V. I. Read, Thomas, co. A, 130th O. N. G. Richards, Allen, eo. K, 2.ith O. V. I. Rahm, John J., co. A, 1st U. S. I. Roberts, D. L., co. G, 14th O. V. I. Reichard, Fred, co. I, 07th 0. V. I. Robison, Philip, bat. C, 2d O. V. H. A. Sage, Orson, co. H, lllth O. V. I. Squire, Joab, Captain, co. H, 21st O. V. I. Scheets, George, 1st Lieutenant, co. C, 21st O. V. I. Spain, James H., co. H, l()4th N. Y. V. I. Shovar, Frederick, co. I, 177th O. V. I. Shook, John H., co. G, 124th O. V. I. 244 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Skidmore, R. I., co. A, 30th O. N. G. Smith, J. J., CO. F, 43(1 O. V. I. St. John. John, co. D, 182.1 O. V. I. Smitli, Ihury, co. C, 24th 111. V. I. Stint'bii'ck, Francis, co. C, 1st O. V. C. Seaman, Ira K., Captain, co. I, 21st 0. V. I. Smith, A. v., Hospital Steward, r,r)tli O. V. I. Schajid, A., co. I, 108th O. V. I. Scott, M. J., CO. A, 130th O. V. 1. Tucker, William, co. B, 3d O. V. C. Thorp, John, co. A, 130th O. N. G. Tliompson, William F., co. M, Scott's Cav. Taylor, Lewis, co. A, 130th O. N. G. TehEvck, Lewis, co. D, 2d Bat. V. S. I. TenEvck, Ja.s. V., co. A, 1st O. N. G. Tyler," Warren, co. I, 8th 0. V. I. Veo, Lafavette, co. B, 24th Mich. V. I. WiLson, Frank P., Surgeon, .50th Pa. Vet. Vol. Whitmore, Elijah, 2d Lieutenant, co. B, (iTth O.V. I. Wilhams, Cad M., 21st O. Bat. Winchester, Eugene, Seaman, IT. S. N. Wright, George W., co. K, 21st O. V. I. Warner, J. B., co. B, 07th O. V. I. White, George, co. A, 25th Mich. V. I. Warner, Zophor, co. A, 14th O. V. I. Weaver, O., co. K, 65th N. Y. V. I. Williams, Samuel, co. C, 03d O. V. I. West, Hiram, co. B, 144th O. V. I. Zindle, Jonas, co. I, 100th N. Y. V. I. CHARLES B. MITCHELL POST, NO. 84, MAUMEE. This Post was organized June 9, 1881, with 17 charter members. It took its name from Lieutenant Charles B. Mitchell, who entered the service as Private in Company I, Four- teenth Eegiment, 0. V. I., September 5, 1861, at the age of 18 years. He was appointed Sergeant and Sergeant-Major of that Com- pany, and in May, 1864, promoted to Second Lieutenai^t, and assigned to Company E. He was serving as such when mortally wounded at the battle of Jonesboro, Georgia, Septem- ber 1, 1864, and died in hospital at Atlanta, September 28, 1864. His remains were brought to Maumee and there buried. He was a sou of Edward Mitchell, an old resident and long a leading citizen and business man of Maumee. Lieutenant Mitchell was a young man of promise and high character, and a Soldier brave and faithful to duty. Since its organization, the Post has received 78 additional members, meantime prospering in all respects. The beautiful Soldiers' Monu- ment, with granite base and bronze statue, is an outgrowth of the organization, all its mem- bers being in the Monumental Association. Soldiers' and Sailors' families in need, have been promptly looked after and cared for, and the special interests of Soldiers protected and advanced, so far as occasions therefor have oiFered. The chief olficers of the Post have been as follows : 1881 — J. E. Wilcox, Commander; Charles Rodd, S. V. Commander; Wni. Kimiuell, J. V. Commander; Wm. Perrin, Chaplain ; S. W. Cass, Officer of the Day ; J. N. Blumberg, Quartermaster. 1882— J. E. Wilcox, Commander ; D. H. Shamber- ger and Wm. Burge, Adjutants. 1883— S. W. Cass, Commander; J. E. Wilcox, Adju- tant. 1884— S. W. Cass, Commander; J. H. Merrell, Adjutant. 188.5-0. H. Merrell and J. N. Blumberg, Com- mander; J. E. AVilcox and Leroy E. Clark, Adjutant. 1886 — O. N. Gunn, Commander; L. E.Clark, Adju- tant. 1887 — D. H. Perrin, Commander; J. A. Church, Adjutant. The following is a full list of members of this Post: J. E. Wilcox, Sergeant, bat. H, 1st O. V. A. Charies Rodd, co. G, r28th O. V. I. J. N. Blumberg, co. C, 14th O. V. I. M. Stiffers, co. A, 14th O. V. I. Wm. Perrin, Sergeant, co. F, 100th 0. V. I. Walter Lathrop, co. F, 67th O. V. I. Andrew Shinkey, co. F, 100th O. V. I. Samuel Charter, co. C, 3d O. V. C. John Wescott, co. K, 185th O. V. I. C. L. Eigler. Eli Henderson, co. K, 3d 0. V. C. nVilliam Kimmell, co. K, 3d O. V. C. George Cummings, co. H, 69th 0. V. I. Archie Van Houten, co. E, S8th 111. V. I. S. W. Cass, bat. H, 1st O. V. L. A. *C. W. Spangler, co. C, 3d O. V. C. H. W. Case, co. F, 14th O. V. I. tJ. W. Whidden, co. K, 67th 0. V. I. Jacob Nuhfer, co. E, 130th O. V. I. H. C. Norton, co. C, 21st O. V. I. J. R. Lathrop, co. H, 14th O. V. I. G. W. Hollowav, bat. H, 1st (). V. L. A. J. H. Merrell, bat. H, 1st O. V. L. A. Frank Mitchell, co. F, 100th O. V. I. J. W. French, co. 1, 102d O. V. I. Thos. Brown, co. E, 130th O. V. I. Wm. H. Burritt, co. E, 130tli O. V. I. J. A. Church, co. K, 25th 0. V. I. Frank Hamilton, co. E, 130th O. N. G. Peter Thorne, co. G, 37th O. V. I. James H. Burdo, co. K, 25th O. V. I. George Sager, co. A, 15th U. S. I. Charles Schiely, Lieut., bat. K, 1st 0. V. L. A. Henry Hain, co. A, ]4th O. V. I. Thomas Bates, co. F, 100th O. Y. I. Horace M. Gay, co. D, 11th Mich. V. C. Jackson Lester, co. G, 130th O. N. G. Peter Fisestine, co. I, 67th O. V. I. Silas Mallory, bat. C, 1st O. V. L. A. D. H. Shamberger, co. I, 14th O. V. I. Frank Richardson, Corporal, co. E, 1.30th O. V. I. J. H. Wyman. John Spaulding, co. G, 128th 0. V. I. John Rulapaugh, co. G, 128th 0. V. I. Wm. Spaulding, co. G, 128th O. V. I. Alex. Munch, co. B, 37th O. V. I. R. H. Trumbull, co. I, 14th O. V. I. R. H. Church, Corporal, co. C, 14th 0. V. I. George Spaulding, co. F, 128th O. V. I. Wm. Pelkev, co. F, 100th O. V. I. Bennett Hahn, co. E, 130th O. V. I. Edward Henderson, co. I, 14th O. V. I. Marit Phillips, co. C, 13th O. N. G. GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. 245 Wm. Burge, Musician, co. E, 130th 0. N. G. John Dunkelberger, co. F, 184th Pa. V. I. J. S. Felt, CO. A, 14th 0. V. I. *George R. Morris, co. C, 14th 0. V. I. Isaac Doren, co. A, 67th O. V. I. Samuel Lingo, co. A, 3d 0. V. (". tHenry .Shufelt. co. H, 101st O. V. I. •j-Theodore W. Brake, Alusician. Homer Dolson, co. C, 130th ( ). V. I. F. J. Kvnette, co. F, 11.5th O. V. I. *S. S. Crepps, co. B, 2d Col. V. I. A. W. Geere, co. E, 130th O. V. I. Thos. Smith, bat. H, 1st O. V. L. A. J. M. Decker, co. E, 1st Mich. V. C. A. P. Simmons, bat. H, 1st 0. V. L. A. A. B. Hoffman, co. F, 198th O. V. I. George Dodds. co. A, 14th O. V. I. Albert Alens, co. K, L'Tth N. Y. V. I. Smith Jenkins, co. I, 14th 0. V. I. John Donovan, co. F, 85th 0. V. I. (i. H. Blaker, co. E, 130th O. V. I. T. B. Pinkerton, co. D. IL'th W. Va. V. I. Jacob Baliff, co. G, 37th O. V. I. Carl Smith, co. G, 37th 0. V. I. Daniel Heffelbower, co. I, 14th O. V. I. John Ronan, co. A, 12Sth O. V. I. E. R. Bowen, co. F, 4th Mich. V. C. D. H. Perrin, co. F, 14th O. V. I. John ;\Iollenkopf, Sergeant, co. G, 37th O. V. I. Wm. Bates, Color Bearer, co. E, 130th O. V. I. Joseph LaPoint, co. F, 100th O. V. I. A. B. Coffin, CO. A, 14th (). V. I. O. N. Gunn, co. F, 14th O. V. I. tLeroy E. Clark, co. I, 14th O. V. I. G. W. Utter, co. C, 32d 0. V. I. E. S. Lloyd, CO. E, 130th 0. V. L Sumner Spaulding, co. E, 130th O. V. I. B. F. Shoup, CO. B, 11th O. V. I. J. M. Wolcott, Sergeant, co. E, 130th 0. V. I. L P. Vosberg, Sergeant, co. E, 22d Mich. V. I. * Deceased, f Transferred. RUCKLE POST, No. 335. MONCLOVA. The organization of thi.s Post took place July 28, 1883, with the followiug named officers: Commander, John W. Kerr. S. V. Commander, John Welch. J. V. Commander, Henry Shufelt. Adjutant, William Blystone. Quartermaster, William Lose. Surgeon, John Farner. Chaplain, S. S. Bartlett. Officer of the Giuard, John Cable. Sergeant-Major, Joseph Whidden. Quartermaster Sergeant, Joseph Luce. The present officers of the Post (1887) are as follows : Commander, AVilliam Jones. S. V. Commander, Henry Van Fleet. J. V. Commander, John Cable. Adjutant, Peter Lindersniith. Quartermaster, J. W. Kerr. Chaplain, Henry Shufelt. Officer of the Day, John E. Welch. Officer of the C-luard, Henry Hopwood. Surgeon, Oscar Johnson. Quartermaster Sergeant, Louis Bennra. Sergeant-Major, J. H. Bateman. • The Post took its name from four brothers, who were killed in the War of the IJebellion. Six brothers enlisted in the Union Army, but two returning to their homes. George, Sixth Michigan Cavahy, was killed on the 11th, and Philip, Sixtieth Ohio, on the 17th June, 1864, both near Petersburg, Virginia. David, Four- teenth Ohio, wounded in battle, died near Chat- tanooga, Tennessee, .June 215, 18(i4. John, One Hundredth Ohio, was killed in battle near Atlanta, Georgia, August U, 18G4. Beside these, were Daniel, membor of an Iowa Regiment, and Henry C, of Company I, Fourteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. The former now resides at Fort Dodge, Iowa; and latter at Lamar, Barton County, Missouri. All were young men, industrious and worthy citizens. They were sous of Christopher Ruckle, a native of Ireland, who had tlien lived for many years in Monclova. Though few in membership and not .strong in purse, the Post, nevertheless, through un- tiring efforts has erected a fine brick building, at a cost of $1,800 ; and also a Soldiers' Monu- ment, at an expense of $500. The latter was dedicated on Memorial Day, 1870. It is 15 feet in height, surmounted by an eagle, of pure white marble. It was manufactered by Edward Lloyd & Son, Maumee City. On the shaft is cut the following record of Monclova Soldiers dead : Alfred O. Gunn, co. I, 14th O. V. I. Died at Lex- ington, Ky., Nov. 29, 1801 ; aged 25 years. Leonard H. Gunn, co. I, 14th Ohio. Died at Lex- ington, Ky., Nov. 24, 1801; aged 21 years. Edward Allen, Sergeant, Battery H, 1st Ohio Light Artillery. Killed at Port Republic, Va., June, 1862 ; aged 23.i vears. J. C' House, CO. F, 100th O. V. I.; killed at Buz- zard Roost, Ga., May 9, 1864; aged 30 years, 5 months and 6 days. Philip Ruckle, co. E, 60th O. V. I. Killed at Pe- tersburg, Va., June 17, 1864 ; aged 25 years, 10 month,s, 6 days. John Ruckle, co. F, 100th O. V. I. Killed at At- lanta, Ga., August 6, 1864; aged 20 years, 4 months, 27 days. I. T. Walker, co. B, 14th O. V. L; Valentine Hahn, CO. I, 100th O. V. I. (Places of death and ages of these not known. ) Israel Schneider, co. F, 100th O. V. I. Died at Lex- ington, Ky., March 20, 1863 ; aged 19 years, 5 months 9 davs. Edward Moody, co. I, 14th O. V. I. Died at Mt. Vernon, Kv.; aged 26 years. Jacob Baugher, co. F, 100th O. V. I. Died at Knoxville, Tenn., July 4, 1864; aged 23 years, 11 months, IS days. John E. Strayer, co. I, 14th O. V. I. Died at Ring- gold, Ga., April 11, 1864; aged 19 years, 11 months, 17 days. Andrew Trapp, Corporal, co. D, 100th O. V. I. Killed at Atlanta, Ga., August 6, 1864 ; aged 26 years, 5 months. Cyrus Salsbury, Corporal, co. F, 100th O. V. I. 246 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Killed at Atlanta, August 6, 1864 ; aged 32 years, 6 luonths. ,.,, , Levi Reeder, co. 1, 14th 0. V. I. Killed at Jones- boro, Ga., September 1, 1864; aged 22 years. David Kiukle, co. I, 14th O. V. I. Died June 20, 1864 ; iiKe A. L. Newton, Corporal, co. B, (37th O. V. I. W. D. Smith, co. I, 12th 0. V. I. H. Hill, CO. A, 101st O. V. I. L. G. Marsh, co. I, 3Sth 0. V. I. I. Judson, CO. K, 185th O. V. I. H. Mar.sh, co. G, 12Sth O. V. I. William Hill, co. K, 111th O. V. I. J. Snellbeeker, Corporal, co. G, 10th U. V. I. John Farnsell, co. I, oTtli O. V. I. J. S. Smith, Corporal, co. A. ()7th O. V. I. C. J. Scott, CO. B, 12Sth O. V. I. George Rarick, co. H, 130tli O. N. G. Subsequent members were as follows : M. C. Judson, CO. I. 14-lth 0. V. I. L. Northrup, New York Artillery. George Dull, co. H, 130th O. N. G. H. A. Rice, co. I, 36th 0. V. I. Gilbert Smith, co. C, 26th N. Y. V. I. B. W. Rayse, Musician, co. H, 1.30th O. N. G. H. Ziegler, Musician, co. D, 100th 0. V. I. Theodore Little, co. K, 195th O. V. I. P. P. Calv, CO. C, 57th Pa. V. I. J. Hunt, CO. A, 164th O. V. I. A. A. Reed, Corporal, co. I, 14th O. V. I. F. La Bounty, co. H, ] 1 1th O. V. I. John Templeton, Lieutenant, co. I, 3Sth O. V. I. F. Curtis, bat. B, 14th N. Y. Artillery. J. Heffinger, co. B, 67th O. V. L John Close, co. K. 33d O. V. I. David Swank, co. K, 51st O. V. I. John F. McBride, co. G, 14th O. V. I. C. Werner, .5th Virginia Infantry. M. O-sgood, CO. D, 68th 0. V. I. M. K. Ree, Engineer, co. E, Ist U. S. Thomas Metz, co. I, 38th O. V. I. Fred. Curtis, co. B, Uth N. Y. V. 1. S. S. White, Corporal, co. G, 130th O. N. G. N. B. Eddey, co. A, 18th Mich. V. L S. Harrington, co. D, .5.5th O. V. I. Abraham Grubb, co. K, 185th O. V. William ]\Labery, co. I, 29th O. V. I. Geo. Harrington, co. A, 166th O. V. Daniel Deck, co. B, 128th O. V. I. E. Crites, co. C, 3d 111. Cavalrv. Wm. H. Beam. co. E, 202d Pa. V. I. Newton Curtis, co. C, 75th O. V. I. David Alton, co. I, 38ih O. V. I. H. D. Albee, co. F, 8th 0. V. I. Jonas Wicks, co. H, 180th O. V. I. W. J. Irwin, Lieutenant, co. K, 111th O. V. I. Silas Munsell. co. H, 144th 0. V. I. Wells Watkins, co. H, 130th O.N. G. J. W. Thorley, co. I, 55th O. V. I. W. D. Wilcox, CO. H. 130th O. N. G. O. M. Hatch, CO. K, 128th O. V. I. II. M. Ribble, bat. M, 1st N. Y. Light Artillery. Wm. Hollis, Corporal, co. D, 14th (). V. I. J. B. Teachman, co. K, 111th O. V. I. William Metz, co. I, 3Sth O. V. I. James Vaugh, Sergeant, co. H, 130th 0. N. G. James Finn, co. D, 4th IMich. V. I. Alten Purdy. co. C, 166th O. V. 1. Oscar Brown, co. G, 12.sth (). V. I. A. Huftil, CO. I, 14th O. V. I. Jacob Switzer, co. F, 100th O. V. I. I. I. RAY HELLEE POST, No. 284. WHITEHOUSE. The organization of this Post was effected by Comrades Grovei- and Brown, of Forsyth Post, No. 15, Toledo, December 27, 1882, with 22 members : The first officers of the Post were as follows : Commander, O. P. Heller. Senior Vice Commander, C. V. Clark. Junior Vice Commander, George Williams. Quartermaster, J. C. Myers. Adjutant, J. W. Bradlev. Officer of the Day, F. M. Heath. The subsequent officers have been as follows : 1884—0. P. Heller, Commander ; J. L. Pray, S. V. Commander; C. V. Clark, J. V. Commander. 1885— J. L. Pray, Comuiander ; E. R. Sly, S. V. Commander; C. V. Clark, J. V. Commander. 1886— F. M. Heath, Comman, lOOlh O. V. I. I'l-av, J. L., bat. II. O. V. L. A. and signal Corps. Hieiianison, I?. F., eo. A, iL'Sth O. V. I. Kiehanlson, J. B., co. D, lUth O. V. I. Ryan, .lohn, co. C, 195th O. V. I. Sly, K. R., CO. E, 14th O. V. I. Slv, Eilwai-.l,— , 14th O. V. I. Valkstadt. F., co. K, 14th O. \' . I. Waltz, E(i., CO. D, 40th O. V. I. Weigel, Charles, co. I, 14th (). V. I. Whitney, Elisha, eo. 1), 11 1th O. V. 1. Whitney, II. E., co. K, 128th O. V. I. Williams, G. W., co. D, 14th O. V. I. Willson, Isaac, co. E, 8th O. V. I. Wiuslow, H. R., CO. B, 128th O. V. I. ALBERT MOORE TOST, No. 582. WEST TOLEDO. This Post was instituted March 211, 1886, with the following named officers: Commander, J. M. Stanbery. Senior Vice t'ommander, John Bladen. Jnnior Vice Connnander, John L. Henry. Adjutant, Calvin Van Wormer. The Post bears the name of Colonel Albert Moore, who entered the service as Ist Lieuten- ant in the Fourteenth Ohio, August 17, 1861; was j)romoted to Captain, August 16, 1862, serving in the same Regiment ; and promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel of same command, No- vember 18, 1864, serving as such until the close of the War. For some years previous to the Rebellion he was an active and useful citizen of Toledo, and throughout his military service maintained an honorable record for heroism, sagacity and fidelity to the Union. Subse- quently he served two terms as Sheriff of Lucas County, with sjiecial acceptance to the people, and was otherwise identified with the interests of the jjeople. The officers of the Post for 1887 are as fol- lows : Commander, John Bladen. Senior Vice Commander, John L. Henry. Junior Vice Commander, James W. Allen. Adjutant, Calvin Van Wormer. Following is a list of members of the Post : J. M. Stanbery, co. G, 72d O. V. I. John Bladen, co. I, i:mh 0. V. I J. L. Henry, co. I, 12:!d O. V. I. Calvin Van Wormer, 23d N. Y. Indp. Battery. James W. Allen, 19th N. Y. Indp. Battery. " George S. Dixon, co. 1, 130th O. V. I. Albert R. Martin, co. I, 130th O. V. I. James L. Hecox, co. A, 11th Mich. Cavalry. Peter Cranker, co. A, 67th O. V. I. Delos H. Burch, co. H, 189th N. Y. Y. 1. Louis, Nellis, co. G, 37th O. V. I. Rhinehardt Fell, co. E, 3d O. V. C. James M. Hartsell, co. G, 142d Ind. V. I. Siberias B. Kies, co. A, 3d O. V. C. Thomas Donnolly, co. G, 1st Penn. Art. Albert AV. Smith, eo. B, 7.5th N. Y. V. I. Charles Van Wormer, 23d N. Y. Indp. Battery. John Redding, co. C, 3d O. V. C. Aaron Van Wormer, Jr., co. I, 130th O. V. I. Rev. John Pouoher, Chaplain, 38th U. V. I. George Carson, co. A, 84th O. V. I. SWANTON TOWNSHIP SOLDIERS. The following list of Soldiers from Swanton, is the result of most careful efforts of Dr. W. A. Scott of that Township, in collecting the facts. As a matter of course, completeness in either names or particulars of service, is im- possible ; yet the results are valuable for record in this connection. As seen, that Township, with a total population of 659 in 1880, and never more than 175 votes, contributed 83 Soldiers for the Nation's defense, or nearly 50 per cent, of the number of its electors: Fourteenth 0. V. I. — Three Months. Harris, Vessey, 1861. Kav, John, 1861. Rama, William, 1861. Shepler, Jack, 1861. Re-enli.sted; Regiment unknown. Shepler, John, Re-enlisted in lUth O. V. I. Fourteenth 0. V. I. — Three Years. Anilrew, Weigle, Corporal, co. C; age, 20; enlisted Aug., ISHl; (lied Jan. 1862, at Lebanon, Ky., disease. Fullerton. James E., 19, Co. F, Aug., '61; died Na.sh- ville, Tenn. July, '04, from wounds at KenesawMt. Thirty-Eighth 0. V. L Dailey, Hiram, 1801; no further knowleilge. Dickson, Ezra; age 18; 1801; Co. I. Dijfcharged with Regt. Resides near Des Moines, Iowa. Herrick, Henry, Musician, 40; 1861, Co. 1; m. o. Co., and soon removed to New York. Herrick, Albert, 18; 1861; Co. I. Holbrook, Alanson. 18; 1801; no other record. Hunt, Chas., 30; 1801; Co. I; m. o. Co. Resides in Wood Co. Mills, Willard D., 21; 1801; Co. I; dis. on exp. term. Mills, Jefferson C, 18; 1861; Co. I; m. o. Co.; died March, 1880. from Army disease. Scott, Joseph, Col. Guard"; 19; 1861; Co. I; mortally wounded at Mission Ridge; buried at Chattanooga. Weigle, John, IS; 1801; died in service.- Weigle, Ephraim, IS; Jan. 1804; ni. o. Co. Resides in Fulton Co. Fift)/-Fifih 0. V. I. Rogers, W)n. H., 19; ISOl; Co. G; wd. Bull Run, 1862; m. o. lS(i4; ap. 2d Lt. and Ist Lt. U. S. C. 1. in 1865; m. o. Co.; died 1871, of Armj^ disease. Slrty-Seventh 0. V. I. Bathric, Carlos, 23; 1803. Resides in Michigan. Beach, John, 40; 1801; Co. A: dis. Feb. 1803, on Surg. ctf. of disab. Died recently in Michigan. Beach, Thos., 21; 1801; Co. A. Killed at Harrison's Landing, July 4, 1862. WOMAN'S RELIEF CORPS. 251 Brace, Franklin, 18; 1861; Co. A. Missing at Ft. Wagner. Brockway, Chas., 19; 1864; m. o. Co. Had served." months in 85th, and 6 months in 8(itli 0. V. I. Re- sides at South Bend, Ind. Cherry, David, 40; 1861; Co. A. Killed at James River, 1864. Drayton, Geo., 18; 1861; Co. A; m. o. exj). term, at Columbus, O. Resides in Wood Co. Drayton, John, 20; 1861; Co. A. Dis. for disab. Lives in Wood Co. Doren, Isaac, 21; 1861; Co. A; ra. o. at CoUunbus, Dec. 1864. Resides in Swanton. Egnew, James, IS; 1861; Co. A. Killed at Ft. Wagner. FuUerton, Joseph, 20; 1861; Co. A. Died in Virginia. Girdham. Thomas, 17; ISIil; Co. A; m. o. exp. term; captured at'Fort Wagner, 8 mos. at Belle Lsle; vet. Hertzig, John U., 30; 1861; Co. F; m. o. Co. Resides in Toledo. Hertzig, Fred., 20; 1861; Co. F; m. o. Co. Wounded at Fort Wagner. Hertzig, Rudolph, 18; 1861; Co. F; m. o. Co. Kelley, John, 16; 18111; Co. A. Killed at Ft. Wagner. Keith, Robert S., 40; 18(11; Co. A. Dis. for disab. Keith, Munson, 18; 1S61; Co. A. Wd. Fort Wagner; m. o. exp. term. Lives in Fulton Co. McDonald, John, 18; 1861; Co. A; m. o.exp. term. Moore, Joseph, 22; 1861; Co. A; m. o. exp. term. Weigle, Adam, 43; 18(11; Co. A. Served 1 j'ear; dis. for injury by breaking down of transport steamer and for sickness. Lives in Swanton, Fulton Co. One Hundredth 0. V. I. Hartzell, Abraham, 18; 1862; Died Crab Orchard, Ky. Mills, Robert, 23; 1S62; Co. F. Cap. at Limestone Station, Tenn.; was at Belle Isle prison. Died at Anapolis, Md., soon after exchange. Scott, RufusC, IS; Aug. S, 1862; Co. F. Wd. at Utoy Creek, Ga.; m. o. with Co. Resides in Swanton Tp. Wicks, .Jonas, 18; Aug. 7, 1S62; m. o. with Co. Re- sides in Fulton Co. Wilcox, Geo. E., 18; 1862; Co. F. Mortally wd. at Utoy Creek, Aug. 6, 1864. Died Aug. 8, 1864. One Hundred and Eleventh 0. V. I. Combs, Joseph, 40; 1862; m. o. Co. In Chicago when last heard from. Redding, Hewey E., Corporal, 24, 1862. Dis. for disab. and soon died up the Maumee River. Shepler, John, 20; 1S62; m. o. Co. Lives in Wood Co. Skinner, Isaac, 25; 1862. Died at Bowling Green, Ky., 1863. One Hundred and Twenty-Eighth 0. V. I. Allen, Fred S., 36; 1864; m. o. Co. Died 1868, at To- ledo, from fall, while working on R. R. elevator. Ammond, James B., 20. Resides near Whitehouse. Bird, Wm., 19; m. o. Co. Resides in Swanton Tp. Brown, Oscar, 23; Dec. 1863; Co. G. Dis. Aug. 1864, on Surg. ctf. Resides in Swanton Tp. Coder, John, .30; 1864; m. o. Co. Since lived in Toledo. Deck, Daniel, IS; Jan. 1864; Cos. A and B; m. o. Co. Now in Swanton, Fulton Co. Hatch, Orlando M., 19; Dec. 1863; Co. K; m. o. Co. Now in Swanton, Fulton Co. Keith, Carey. 18. Now in Fulton County. Mills, Wm. S., 23; Dec. 1863; Co. G; m. o. Co. Died 1876, from Army disease. Myers, Jacob, 32; m. o. Co. Now at AVhitehouse. Shepler, Martin, 18; m. o. Co. Died in Indiana. Scott, Chas. v., 36; Aug. 18(54; Co. B; m. o. Co. Now near Garden City, Kansas. Wales, Ralph W., 21; m. o. Co. Now in Toledo. AVales, Wm. R., 18; m. o. Co. One Hundred and Thirtieth 0. V. I. Wilcox, Wm. D., 18; May, 1864; Co. H; m. o. Co. Now in Swanton Tp. Eighty-Fifth 0. V. L— Three Months. Bathric, Carlos, 20; 1862. Also in 67th. Brockway. Charles, IS; 1862, m. o. Co. Also in 67th. Clawson, Orrin, 18; July, 1862. Died at Columbus, O., July, lS(i2. Holbrook, Alan.son, 18. Also in 3Stli O. V. I. Third Ohio Cavalry. Hamlin, Wood, 18; 1861; m.o.Co. Now in New Mexico. jNIiller, Emanuel, 18. Died in service. One Hundreds and Eighty-Second 0. V'. I. Russell, Joseplms; m. o. Co. Now in Wood Co. One Hundred and Eight n-Fif III O. I'. I. Grubb, Abraham, 38; Feb. l.S(i5; m. o. Co. Since lost leg. Resides in Swanton Tp. One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth 0. V. I. Howlett. Thos. Captain; .30; m. o. Co. Died Jones- ville, Mich., 1885. Miscellaneoxis. Charles Bazelle, a mere lad, went to Camp Dick Robinson, Ky., as recruit in 38th O. V I.; was there rejected as too young; and enlisted in First Tennes- see Regiment. Robert Harriott, aged 22, enlisted in a New York Regiment, and died of yellow fever at Newbern, N.C. Wm. Doren, N. Y. Artillery; m. o. Co. Resides in Providence Tp. Joseph Doren, Third Rhode Island H. Art.; m. o. Co. Died in Michigan. Fred. Hemp, 37; Michigan Regiment. Chri.st. Knerr, Co. G, 37tli O. V. 1.; m. o. at East Point, Ga. 18(_i4, exp. term. Since lived in Maumee. Three men enlisted at Swanton, whose commands are unknown, viz.: Jack Shepler, who died in Ken- tucky ; Johnson, and Myerhoover. WOMAN'S RELIEF CORPS, AUXILIARY TO THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. Forstyh Corps No. 1, De- artment of Ohio, Woman's ['elief Corps, Auxiliary to tho Grand Army of the Eepuljiic, was organized as an auxiliary to Forsyth Post, No. 15, G. A. E., March 14, 1879, under the name of "Forsyth Post La- dies' Society." Its first offi- cers were : Mrs. Kate B. Sher- wood, President; and Mrs. Cora Day Young, Secretary. Prior to a formal organiza- tion, the patriotic ladies of Toledo had been called upon from time to time to aid tho Union Veterans in the conduct of public enter- tainments for the benefit of their relief fund for the care of disabled Soldiers, their widows and orphans ; in the arrangement of flowers for Memorial Day ; and in many Soldier re- union and anniversary exercises. The great 252 HJ.STOHY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. success achieved by these ladies in a Military Lawn Fcto, givon in the siiinincr of 1878, led to the adojition of formal resolutions by For- syth Post, calling iij)on the ladies to meet and eft'cct a jjcrmanent organization, ready for duty when a call should be made. At a meeting held in G. A. li. Hall, some eight or ten ladies were present, together with a committee of Forsyth Post, appointed to confer with them and assist in the organiza- tion, Dr. J. T. Woods being Cliairman of the Committee. At this meeting Mrs. Sherwood presented a draft of a Constitution and By- Ijaws, whicli was adopted. An effort was then made to enroll as many members of the Ladies' Aid Society as possible, and the result was the early co-operation of Mrs. David Smith, Mrs. John K. Osborn, Mrs. J. N.Stevens, Mrs. Charlotte T. Forsyth (mother of Lieuten- ant Forsyth, 100th O. V. I., for whom tlie Post was named), and others alike interested. From its inception Forsyth Auxiliary was a power in the local charities of Toledo, and through untiring zeal of its noble workers, substantial cheer has been carried into the homes and hearts of hundreds of Union veterans and their needy ones. In the eight years of its organization, For- syth Corps has raised and expended $10,000, over and above the much larger sums of money it has turned into the coffers of For.syth Post, to be expended in fraternal charities. It has visited the sick; cheered the afflicted and dying; comforted the sorrowing ; clothed the naked; provided homes for orphaned children ; given the dead a christian burial ; and in many of the greater projects in which Toledo and its citizen Soldiers have been engaged, has borne no unworthy part. The erection of Memorial Hall, by the Toledo Soldiers' Memorial Asso- ciation, is largely due to the efforts of these ladies; and of the 15 Trustees constituting the Board, five have been ladies from Forssyth Corps. The fame of this organization soon extended, and Posts desiring the formation of Auxil- iaries, placed themselves in communication with the President, who forwarded instruc- tions with copies of the Constitution. The visit in 1883, of Commander-in-Chief Paul Van Dervoort greatly extended the reputation of this Auxiliary, as in General Orders he com- mended it to the Posts of the Union. The National Tribune, Washington, D. C, solicited articles from the President, which were for- warded. Thus was initiated the great Na- tional movement culminating in the formati(jn at Denver, .Tuly, 188.S, of the Woman's Eelief Corjis, Auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Ee])ublic. The association, beginning with 45 charter members, numbered 6,000 at the end of the first year; 30,000 at the end of the third year; and to-day has not less than 60,000, with Departments in 24 States, and subordi- nate Corps wherever there is a Post of the Grand Army. In August, 1883, Forsyth Corps took out a charter as No. 1, Department of Ohio ; and the President (Mrs. Sherwood), who had been elected National Senior Vice President at Den- ver, was made Chief Instituting and Installing Officer for Ohio and the West. In 1884, at Minneapolis, Mrs. Sherwood was elected Na- tional President, and thereupon appointed Miss Emma D. Sibley, National vSecretary. It was a great j'ear, and togetiier the}- organized Departments in 11 States, and put the entire work on a solid business footing. Forsyth Corps stands number one in charity work in the State and Nation, and to Ohio (the banner State) has given some of the best workers. Mrs. Cora Day Young, Chairman of the Executive Council, has filled the offices of Department Senior Vice President and Depart- ment Counselor. Mrs. Annie E. Howe (wife of Judge Henry B. Howe, one of the 14 origi- nal charter members G. A. E.), Mrs. Mary J. Kelsey, Mrs. Lois S. F. Holbrooke, and others have been invaluable in counsels and execution. The executive officers of Forsj-th Corps for 1887 are : Mrs. Emma Sibley Pease, Presi- dent; Mrs. Frances D. Woolson, S. V. President; Mrs. Nellie Eogers, J. V. President ; Mrs. Lois F. S. Holbrook, Secretary', and Mrs. Mary J. Ivclsey, Treasurer. RUCKLE RELIEF CORPS, AUXILIARY TO HUCKLE POST, NO. 335, Was organized in 1884. Mrs. Eebecca Steedman MeCann was the first President ; Mrs. Margaret Welch the next ; and Mrs. Anna B. Van Fleet the present incumbent. The Post has been largely indebted for its success, to the efficient co-operation of this Corps, which now has about 40 members. WOMAN'S RELIEF CORPS. 253 RELIEF CORPS PAGE POST. officers for 1887: President, Mrs. Julia Lathrop; ThisCorpswasorganizedNovember 12, 1884, Secretary, Mrs. Minerva Bragdon ; Treasurer, with Mrs. Julia Latlirop as President; Mrs. Mrs. Louisa Decker; S. V., Mrs. Catharine Mahala Thorp as Secretary ; and Mrs. Louisa Bragdon; J. V., Mrs. Helen Roberts; Con- Decker, as Treasurer. The organization num- duetor. Miss Mary Allen ; Guard, Miss Emeline bers 24 members. The following are the Cherry. CHAPTER X. PEESONS AND INCIDENTS. IT is deemed proper in this connection to give a few personal sketches of Union Sol- diers, and incidents of the War of more or less prominent interest, the onl}- regret being that lack of space forbids such extension of the chapter as would admit a niueh larger number of such. James Blair Steedman was born in Chiilis- quaque Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, July 29, 1817, and died at To- ledo, October 8, 1883. He was of Scotch paren- tage, his parents dying while he was yet a boy, leaving him the eldest of three children. At the age of 15 he became an apprentice in the office of the Lewisburg (Penn.) Democrat. Two j-cars later he went to Louisville, Kentiickj-, where he worked at printing for a time, but soon joined General Sam. Houston's expedition for the independence of Texas. Returning to Pennsylvania, he was employed on the Public Works there. In 1838 he came to Northwes- tern Ohio, first stopping at Napoleon, where lie .soon became publisher of the Northwestern Democrat, and was married with Miss Miranda Stiles, then recently from New Jersey. Not long thereafter he was a contractor on the Wa- bash and Erie Canal. In 1847-8 he served two terms in the Ohio House of Eepresentatives. In 1849, with a party from this State, he made the overland trip to California in search for gold, but returned the year following, and in 1852 was elected as member of the Board of Public Works, and in 1855 was re elected to that position, serving most of the time as Pres- ident of tiie Board. In December, 1857, lie was chosen as Congressional Printer. He was elected Major-General of the Fiftii Division, Ohio Militia, in 1857, holding that office until the breaking out of the Rebellion. Between 1857 and 1861, he was forsome time the Editor of liie Toledo Times, meantime being admitted to the Bar as an Attorney-at-Law. As a member of the Democratic National Convention, at Charleston, S. C, in 1860, he acted with the friends of Stephen A. Douglas, with whom he continued to co-operate, taking part in the in- de](endent nomination of that gentleman for President at a subsequent Convention, held at Baltimore. The same year he was the Demo- cratic candidate for Congress in the Toledo District, running against James M. Ashley (Republican), who was elected. Upon the opening of War at Fort Sumter, General Steed- man identified himself with the supjjort of the Government, and co-operated in raising and organizing the Fourteenth Ohio Regiment, of which he was chosen Colonel. Only the brief- est mention can here bo made of his record in the Union Army. The Fourteenth Regiment at once took a leading place among the troops in West Virginia during its service of three months, of which mention is elsewhere made, as also of the same command re-enlisted and veteranized. Colonel Steedman remained with the Fourteenth Regiment until promoted and made Brigadier-General, July 16, 1862. He led his Brigade at Perryville, Kentucky, in the battle at that point, October 9, 1862, receiving special recognition from General Buell. At Stone River he took an active part, and in the Tullahonia campaign commanded a Division, where he was complimented by Gen. Thomas. In July, 1863, he was assigned to the command of the First Division of the Reserve Corps, un- der Major-General Gordon Granger, which moved to Chattanooga soon thereafter, where it was ]iut in charge of Red House Bridge, whence, on the second daj' of the battle of Chickamauga (September 20th), under com- mand of General Granger, the Division made its timely and successful march to the support of General Thomas. In that movement, so creditable to the sagacious judgment and prompt action of General Granger, General Steedman bore a conspicuous and effective part. Throughout the desperate contest in which his Division was engaged, his activity and courage contributed largely to the effectiveness of his command's heroic service, for which distin- guished action, he was promoted to the [254] PERSONS AND INCIDENTS. 255 rank of Major-General. He took a prominent part in the Atlanta campaign, and was assigned as commander of tlie District of Etowah, when General Sherman entered upon his " March to the Sea." At the battle of Nashville, General Steedman bore a prominent part. After the close of the war, he was assigned as Jlilitar}^ Commander of the State of Georgia, and re- signed Jul_v 19, 1866. Personal and military relations with President Johnson, arising hirgelj' in associations occurring in Kentucky and Tennessee during the War, placed General Steedman on specially favorable terms witli the then existing Administration, and but for the inability of the President to vacate the office (then held by Edwin M. Stanton), General Steedman would probably have become Secre- tary of War. He was appointed Collector of Internal Eevenue for the New Orleans District, resigning the office in January, 1869. Return- ing to Toledo, he soon resumed his connection with the Press, acting as Editor of the North- ern Ohio Democrat, which relation he held for most of the time until his death. In 1874, he was elected as a member of the State Constitu- tional Convention, vice M. R. Waite, then ap- pointed Chief Justice of the United States ; was Senator from the Toledo District in 1877 ; was a delegate to the Democratic National Conven- tion in 1880; and a candidate for State Senator in 1881, though not then elected. His last public position was that of Chief of Toledo Po- lice. He was prominently connected witii the Grand Army of the Republic, of which he was at one time the Commander for Ohio. Few citizens of the State have been more prominent in public life, than was General Steedman for the most of a period of 40 years. His military career constitutes the feature of his record which most strongly commands the considera- tion of his fellow-citizens. He possessed ex- ceptional qualities as a leader in whatever he took part. He was three times married, and left a widow and children and grand-chil- dren. His funeral was attended by the most general demonstration known in Toledo on a like occasion, in wliich the Grand Army of the Republicand the City authorities bore conspicu- ous ijarts. The Woodlawn Cemetery Company having set apart grounds for that j^urpose, he was buried there. Mr. William J. Finlay, of Toledo, for many years an intimate friend of General Steedman, having proposed to erect a monument to the memory of the latter at St. Clair Place (junction of Summit and St. Clair Streets), the Toledo City Council sot apart that ground for such purpose, and changed its name to Finlay Place. The monument proper is in four parts, as follows: 1. Base. 2. Die. 3. Shaft. 4. Statue. The base is of Vermont marble, 9 feet square and sets directly in the center of the terrace. The die, on its four sides bears these inscriptions; 1. Fronting Ciiorry Street — " James B. Steedman, Major-General, U. S. V." 2. On Summit Street side, " Born, 1817— Died, 1883." 3. On St. Clair Street side, "Erected by W. J. Finlay." Near the top of the shaft,and between two mouldings, are these inscriptions; 1. Fronting Cherry- Street, " Chickamaiiga." 2. Fronting Summit Street, " Carrick's Ford." 3. FrontingSt. Clair Street, "Perryville." 4. In rear,". Nashville." As indi- cated, the latter inscriptions refer to four battles during the War of the Rebellion, in which General Steedman took part. Surmounting tills shaft, is a cap, on which stands the bronze statue. It is somewhat larger than life-size, and repi-esents the General as just dismounted, with field-glass in hand. The total height of the monument is 26 feet. The pedestal was placed in August, 1886, and the statue in March, 1887. The ti'iangle, both inside and outside the terrace, is covered with 6-inch sawed Berea flagging. Surrounding the tri- angle is an iron railing, formed hj two bars supported by limestone posts. The jjublic ceremonies of unveiling the monument took place May 26, 1887. First Lieutenant Henr^- T. Bissell, Adjutant of One Hundred and Eleventh Ohio Infantry, died in hospital at Louisville, Ky., Sept. 10, 1863, aged 28 years. He was the youngest son of Edward Bissell, Senior, of Toledo, and was a young man of much more than ordinary promise. He had read law in tiie office of M. R. & R. Waite, and been admitted to the Bar, when the Government called for troops for its defense. At the time of his death, he was serving on Gen. Judah's Staff. His disease was typhoid fever. Lewis Cass Hunt, youngest son of Gen. J. E. Hunt, died in Toledo, April 30, 1868, aged 36. Born and reared in Maumee City, he came to Toledo with his father's familj' in 1853. In 1862 he entered the Union Arm}-, as Captain in the Sixty-Seventh Ohio Infantry, 256 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. ami was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel, and brevetted as Hrigiulior General. He shared in the fatal and terrible assault on Fort Wagner, near Charleston, and in the operations on and near the James Iliver, Virginia. His last signal service was leading the Sixty-Seventh in the assault on Fort Gregg, a short time before the surrender of Lee at Appomattox, at which his command was present. Colonel Nahum W. Daniels died of yellow fever at New Orleans, October 1, 1867. After practicing law for some time at Toledo be went South in 1859, but returned during the first year of the War, and soon after entered the service of the Government, and raised the Second Louisiana (Colored) Regiment, which he commanded at Fort Hudson, in July, 1863, more than half of whom were then killed. After the War he was in the employ of the Government at Washington until he went to New Orleans in the Spring of 1867. General Henry J. Hunt, of the United States Army, and one of the most able Artillery offi- cers in the service during the Rebellion, was a son of Capt. S. W. Hunt, United States Army, who died at JeiFerson Barracks, Missouri, when the sou was but a lad. The latter's uncle, the late General John B. Hunt, then residing at Maumee City, took him into his family, where the boy made his home until appointed to a Cadetship at West Point, where he was grad- uated with honor, and was with General Scott in the Mexican War. He died in 1886. Mrs. Jane M., wife of Jonathan Wood of Toledo, died at the residence of E. C. Clarke, Lexington, Ky., March 7, 1862, in the 62d year of her age. Deceased was a native of New Hampshire, and was married in 1827. She was the mother of five children — two sons and three daughters; and was a member of the First Presbyterian Church, Toledo. At the call of their country, her husband and both sons — Wm. H. and Alonzo H. — volunteered in the Fourteenth Ohio Eegiment. They were in three important battles in Virginia. After great fatigue and exposure, the three were sent to hospital at Lexington, whence they were taken by Abram Van Meter to his residence. Mrs. "Wood went immediately to the relief of the sufferers, and remained there until they had recovered. She was then persuaded to remain a few weeks with a friend, at whose house she was taken ill and died suddenly. She was fully resigned at the prospect of death, and spoke with her physician, Dr. L. Beecher Todd, of the goodness of God, to whose care she commended her husljand and children. Mr. Wood returned to Toledo, where he died about 15 years after the death of his wife. Capt. Fred. II. Brown, Company E, United States Infantry, was one of the Soldiers am- bushed, overpowered and ma.ssacred by hostile Indians near Fort Phil. Kearney, December 22, 1866. He was the son of Matthew Brown, Esq., and came to Toledo at the age of 16, and entered a Commission House, where he re- mained for 12 years, and where he attained special eminence for ability and integrity. At the outbreak of the Eebellion, his sympathies were early enlisted in the War. He visited Columbus with the view of obtaining authority to raise a Company ; but seeing the crowds there for a like purpose, he determined to enter the service as a Private, and at once volun- teered in the Eighteenth Regular Infantry, being the fifth enlisted man. He was soon detailed as Quartermaster's Sergeant. Soon thereafter he was commissioned as 2d Lieu- tenant, and was employed for some time as Commissary and Quartermaster at Camp Thomas. In 1863, he joined his Eegiment under Col. H. B. Carrington, at Chattanooga, and remained with it till the close of the War. In November, 1865, he was ordered West, and wintered at Fort Kearney, Nebraska. In June, 1866, the First Battalion of his Eegiment was sent to garrison the new Post, Fort Phil. Kearney, Dakota. In 1866, he was promoted to the Captaincy. On the 21st December, 1866, a detachment of less than 100 men, of whom he was one, were attacked near the Fort by a band of about 3,000 Indians, and not one of the troops escaped. Only the bloody field and the mutilated bodies of the slain men remained to tell the tale of carnage. During the five and one-half years of service he never was otf duty on furlough, his onlj^ visit home being made under orders. He was a young man of simple tastes, much refinement in feel- ing, sincere in his action and liberal toward the needy and all enterprises which met his approval. In a letter dated June 29, 1862, Lieutenant O. M. Brown, Company C, Third Ohio Cav- alry, stated an incident, as showing how dan- gerous it was for a peoj)le, by opposition, to PERSONS AND INCIDENTS. 257 make enemies of a portion of their fellows. He said : Two Cottipaiiies of our Roginient (ours included), were stationed IS miles from any other Union force, and the leading Secesli in the neighborhood laid a scheme for making prisoners of us. One evening, while they were talking the plan over at a tea-table, the colored waiting-maid (in whom they put entire conlidence), listened attentively to every word as she poured the tea ; and no sooner was the meal over, than she repaired to a cabin near by, and told the story to a colored friend, who, as soon as all was still, notwithstanding having done a full day's work, trav- eled six miles, informed us of the plot, and walked back in time for his next day's work. I have not a doubt that but for his timely service, we would have been captured. In the same letter (written to his wife), Lieutenant Brown, in the freedom and sincerity of such communication, wrote of himself and the service he was rendering his country. As a fair expression of the sentiment which con- trolled and supported the great body of the Soldiers of the Union in that dread conflict, it is worthy a place here. He said : You write that you are at the table in our front- room, and you seem to entertain the desire to have me at home to enjoy it with you. I hope, my dear wife, that you do not think me insensible to the charms of home. God forbid 1 On the contrary, when I think of the beautiful home, tliat, under God, we just had finished, but which I never enjoyed ; and, more than all, when I think of my own loved and loving wife and three little ones, whom I have left behind, there is a longing to return to that home that is almo.st impossible to overcome. Yet, uiy dear, you know that my motto has always been, " Duty be- fore pleasure ; " and it was only at the stern demand of cluty, that I forsook all the dear pleasures of home, for the trials and privations of camp life. It is proper, in tliis connection, to state, that this extract was published at the time and is reproduced liere, without the knowledge of its writer, or of that of Mrs. Brown ; and is given only as a sample of the many thousands of like letters remaining unpublished. Such help to elevate and ennoble the real character of the true Citizen-Soldier, bj' whom, under a preserv- ing Providence, the life of the Nation was saved from treason's assaults. Captain James Wilson McCabe, of Maumee City, had passed liability to militar}- service by 15 years, when the Eebels fired on Fort Sumter, he then being GO years of age ; but that fact rather intensified than allayed his patriotic ardor. He joined his neighbors and went to the field as Captain of Company I, Fourteenth Ohio, serving for nearly a year in Kentucky and Tennessee. He was at Fort Donelson,in the fight with ZoUicoffer (standing near General ZollicofTer when he fell), at i^itts- burg Landing, and on to Corinth and Momjihis. The trials of the march had been too niucii for his advanced years, and he was forced to re- sign. He brought with him a letter from the officers of the Eegiment, expressing their high regard for his personal and soldierly (jualities. March 24, 1875, Captain McCabe and wife kept their golden wedding at the residence of Helon C. Norton, a son-in-law. at Maumee. They were from Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, Ca23tain McCabe having represented that County in the Legislature in 1838-9, and been a member of the State Constitutional Conven- tion of 1832. They came to Ohio in 1840, with teams, occupying four days in the passage through the Black Swamp (from Lower San- duskj' to Perrysburg), and settling on Swan Creek, three miles South of the present Village of Monclova. Among the battles of his pioneer life, not least was that made in defense of his Temperance and Sabbath-keeping practices. He died some years since, bearing the sincere respect of a very large circle of acquain- tances. Captain Wilbur F. Arnold, Forty -First United States Infantr}-, died at Fort Ringgold, Texas, December 12, 1867, aged 25. He was the only sou of Samuel G. Arnold, editor of the Toledo Blade from 185G to 1858, who now resides at Washington, D. C. He was a mem- ber of the Toledo High School, where, as with his acquaintances generally, he held a high position and gave promise of rare usefulness. He entered the Army early in the War of the Eebellion, enlisting in the Eighteenth United States Infantry. He was promoted from the ranks ; was twice brevetted for gallant and meritorious services, and on being made Captain, was transferred to the Forty-First Infantry. Of Wilson C. Lathrop, Companj- B, Four- teenth Ohio, who, with many others, fell in the charge on the Rebel rifle pits near Atlanta, August 5, 18G4, and died on the 7th, Colonel Este wrote as follows : Never was there a more gallant Soldier, a purer or more high-minded young man. He was what I should term a " model Soldier " — ever ready and will- ing to discharge his whole duty. He was the excep- tion to many, never allowing himself to fall into tho.se vices so prevalent in armies. Deceased was a nephew and adopted son of Mr. Pliny Lathrop, of Richfield Township. 258 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. In May, ISfiS, Captain PcWitt C. Dewey, Sixty-Sovontli Ohio, presented to the Chicago Sanitary Fair, a caue having very interesting associations. The wood was of Palmetto, taken from a login Fort Moultrie, Charleston Harbor, in the days of the Eevolution ; the top was of Cedar, from a bedstead of John C. Calhoun ; the brass ferrule was part of the screw in the cap of a Rebel shell fired at the " Old Sixty- Seventh," while on Morris Island in front of Charleston ; and the tip of steel, part of a bolt fired from the celebrated Whitworth gun which the Union forces captured when they took possession of Morris Island. Thus had the body of the Cane passed through 85 years of history — from the struggle of the Colonies for fi-eedom from foreign domination, through the various changes of the country, to and through the greater struggle for deliverance from the curse and stain of human Slavei-y. Private Charles Euranius, Sixty-Seventh Ohio Infantry, on the night of November 2, 1863, on a reconnoissance to Fort Sumter, then in Eebel hands, secured a brick from that structure, which he took away, being the tirst memento of that notable spot recovered by loyal hands. It was sent to Governor Tod, who made appropriate acknowledgment thereof and placed it among the relics and archives at the Ohio Capitol. Private Euranius's name was at once placed on the list for promotion. He enlisted in the Sixty-Seventh at Toledo, where he had a family, and was regarded with respect as a citizen. The first artificial limb provided for a Lucas County Soldier was believed to have been a leg, in 1862, for Wm. G. Pierce, of the Fourteenth Eegiment, now (1887) Chief Distributing Clerk in the Toledo Post Office. In November, 1863, Lieutenant Orange H. Howland, Company E, Third Ohio Cavalry, sent home a fine silk Eebel flag which he captured near Cleveland, Tennessee. It had belonged to the " Warren Guards" (State not given), and bore the legend, " Victory or Death." Among the curious incidents of the battle- field, is the case of Levine Merrill and Martin Gleuon, of Company A, Fourteenth O.V.I. While in action at Eesaca, Georgia, May, 1864, a ball from the enemy struck Merrill, killing him, and passed on, lodging in Glenon's shoul- der, where it j^et remains. YOUNG HEROES. In no way was the real spirit of loyalty and pati'iotism more clearly manifested during the War for the Union, than bj' the large number of youth, who, often with great difficulty, and asainst their immature years and evident want of due physical qualifications, pressed their way into the ranks of the Union Army. It has been deemed due to such young heroes, that recognition be here made of a few repre- sentatives of this class. For if honors be given those who direct perilous deeds to be done, certainly those who do such deeds should not pass without, at the least, equal honors. Probably the most conspicuous of this class of heroes, is John S. Kountz, of Toledo. He was born in Lucas Countj-, Ohio, March 25, 1846, and in his 15th year enlisted as a Drum- mer boy in the Thirty-Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served with his Eegiment in all its marches and campaigns until the fall of 1863. At the memorable battle of Mission Eidge, November 25, 1863, when the Drum Corps was ordered to the rear, 2:ireparator3' to the charge, the little Drummer boy threw away his drum and falling in with his Company was wounded in the first assault, being shot in the left leg, under the enemy's guns, and was left on the field until rescued by a comrade of Company G, to which he specially belonged. The amputation of his left leg followed. Upon his return home, Comi'ade Kountz attended School for a year and then accepted a position in the County Treasurer's office. When but 25 years of age he was elected to the responsible position of Treasurer of Lucas County, and at the expiration of his term was chosen County Eecorder. He is now engaged in the Fire Insurance business, having one of the leading agencies in Toledo. Commander Kountz has been an active worker in the G. A. E. since the organization in 1866, and was the first Adjutant of Forsyth Post, serving three terms ; afterwards Vice- Commander, then (Quartermaster General of the Department. Was three times unani- mously elected Post Commander. In 1881 Comrade Kountz was chosen Department Com- mander of Ohio, and during his term he es- tablished over 160 Posts and increased the membership fk)m 1,950 to over 8,000. In 1885 he was elected Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Eepublic, and was sue- YOUNG HEROES. 250 ceeded in 1886, by General Fairchild of Min- nesota. Among the first at Toledo to enlist for the suppression of the Eebellion in April, 1861, was Joseph E. Wernert, then 19 years old. His three months' service in the Fourteenth Ohio expiring, he re-enlisted for three years, and continued to the close of the War. His record throughout was one of loyalty and courage. At the battle of Chickamauga these qualities were speciallj^ shown. The Eegiment was very much exposed to the enemy's fire, which seemed to be particuiarl}' directed at the colors, six or seven of its bearers having been shot down. It was regarded as almost certain death for any one to elevate the standard, and the bravest heart shrank from such an ortleul. At such critical moment, young Wernert step- ped forward, seized the colors, and once more, amid the cheers of the command, the tattered flag went forward. Wernert was then made Eegimental Color-Bearer, and was pre- sented with a gold medal with this inscription : " Presented to Joseph E. Wernert, by Capt. J. J. Clark, for his bravery in rescuing the flag of the 14th Regiment O. V. I., at the battle of Chickamauga." Honorably discharged when heroic service was no longer needed by his country, this hero of Chickamauga returned to Toledo and engaged in business, where he died March 15, 1869, aged 27 years, leaving a wife. He was a son of Ignatius Wernert, an old and prominent German citizen. Leroy E. Clark was born November 6, 1846. He enlisted May 27, 1862, when 15 years, six months and 21 days old, in Company K, Eighty- Fourth Ohio Infantry, and, with gun and knap- sack, marched with that command into the country of the Eebellion, doing the full duty of a man. September 20, 1862, he was discharged. On the 6th February, 1864, he enlisted in Com- pany I, Fourteenth Ohio Eegiment, being then 17 years and three months old. Again, as a man, he marched to the " front with Sherman," doing the full duty of a Soldier of the Union, until shot down in the fierce battle of Jones- boro, September 1, 1864. His left arm was amputated at the shoulder, and he was con- fined in hospital until discharged, March 22, 1865. Since that time, and until recently, his residence has been at Maumee City (South Toledo), and now is in Toledo. In 1873, he was appointed Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue for the Tenth District, Ohio, which position he yet holds. The Toledo Blade, of September 24, 1864, con- tained the following letter from Wm. H. Coal- well, Company A, Fourteentii Eegiment, to his mother, at Genoa, Ottawa County. The writer was then but 19 years old, and, as stated by him, was sevei-ely wounded in the terrible charge on the enemy's works at Jonesboro. It is a model in all respects — cheerful, uncom- plaining, patriotic and noble in tone and spirit: Atlanta, Ga., September 7, ISGl. My Dear Mother — I taketlie present opportunity of answering your letter, which I receiveil while oil the great and grand raid around Atlanta to the Macon Railroad. I supjiose you would like to know how 1 am aud what I am doing. You have heard ere this of the battle of the 1st, which was one of the most desperately fought battles of the War. The old Fourteenth Corps '' went in on her nerve" in one of the most awful charges ever made. Our Brigade charged the Rebels in their works, on the Macon Railroad, LS miles South of Atlanta. We formed in an open field, fixed bayonets and went for the Rebs, W'ho could .see us from behind their works, which were formed aljout 30 yards in the woods, with their line of rifle-pits at the edge of the field. Well, we went for them on double-quick. Our orders were given not to tire till we got to the woods, and we did not. We drove them from two lines of works and their line of rifle-pits. I suppose you would like to know how the Genoa boys came out, for the old Fourteenth was in the front line. Our Company lost 17, killed and wounded. The lass of our Regiment was 98. Our Major (John W. Wilson), who commands the Regiment, had his right leg shot ofT, and my Lieutenant had his right leg amputated, also. Then next in turn came your Boy. It appears that the Rebels thought that I was an officer, for I was the only " high private " who lost a leg. My leg was amputated below the knee. It was my right one, too. Well, the devils thought that was not enough ; so they put a ball through the calf of my left leg. I can say one thing for myself — I was not very farin the rear when I was wounded, for I fell within 20 feet of the enemy's works, and thanks to God, that I was not .shot all to pieces while lying there, for the bullets flew so thick that I could lie and see them meet in the air. I lay ther(> till the hottest was over, when I halloed to a young man to come and carry me off. He came, and, as it happened, he was a ver}- strong man, and I got uji and got upon his back. He carried me to the rear and laid me down. I was brought to this place in an ammunition wagon, drawn by six mules, a distance of IS miles, in one day. Don't you think, if 1 could stand that, I can stand anything ? You must not feel alarmed about my getting along all right, for the Doctors say if any of them get along, I will be one of them. They say I take it, with such as I got, the easiest they ever saw. It is reported that our Corps is to be stationed at Atlanta, and are expected in evei-y day. I will be glad when they come. Samuel Wood was w'ounded. His was a flesh wound. Thos. Scott was slightlj' scratched on his back, but he did not leave his t'om- pany. The rest of the Genoa Boys are well, and I feel first rate, also. It is most excellent weather for the w'ounded. We have good care taken of us. Xow, my dear parents, I do not want y for description, and crowded and packed as tlie Slaver packs his middle deck, for three long weeks were confined tliese twenty-two Ohio men! AVhen they were brought out "they could hardly crawl. But I will not harrow uj) the feelings of the reader by further recital of the 11 months' experience of these men with the devils and damned spirits of the South. During these 11 months they were confined in eight ditl'erent dungeons and i)ri.sons. Eight of their number, after months of outrage, with<.iut an hour's warning, irere huiuj. and under too brutal cir- cumstances for recital. Their death-warrant was signed by General Leadbetter, a Coppa-head Volun- teer in the Rebel Army from Maine, and endorsed by Kirby Smith. Seven of their number, on one occa- sion broke jail — two reached our lines at Corinth, and five the rebels claim to have shot. The remaining six reached "Washington on Saturday last. Their names are E. H. Mason, Jacob I'arrott, Wm. Pettinger, Robert Bufl'um, Wm. Reddick and Wm. Benninger. They are receiving from Ohio men and the officials of the Government tlie attention" they deserve. Yesterday morning, in company with Mr. Wetmore, the very efficient Ohio Agent for this point, at his special solicitation they called upon the Secretary of War. Numbers of Military and Civil dignitaries were anxiously awaiting outside to see Mr. Stanton, Ijut were required to wait until the patriotism of these heroic soldiers had been commended, and their merit re^^'arded. Mr. Stanton familiarly shook each one of them by the hand and introduced tliem to Secretarj' Chase and Andrew Johnson. He then, in a conver- sational and unreserved style, addressed Mr. Par- rott, the gallant Soldier who had been ignominiously cowhided by the rebels, informing iiim that he had heard of his persistent devotion to his flag under the most trying circumstances and appreciated his merit. Secretary Stanton (opening a morocco case) further informed Mr. Parrott that "Congress had authorized him to pi-esent medals to such Soldiers, as shall by their brave deeds prove that they deserve them". None of these medals have yet been awarded to any Soldiers, and I now present you with the first one tliat has been issued by authority of the late act." The Secretary then presented each one of Mr. Parrott's companions with alike medal. When the surprised recipients of these honorable badges had warmly thanked the donor, they were completely taken aback by Secretary Stanton present- ing each one of them with $100, with the remark that that was an additional testimonial of his respect for them, and a very slight remuneration for their sufler- ings. Secretary Stanton requested Mr. Wetmore to ask Governor Tod, in his name, to appoint each one of these genlleinen patriots to a First Lieutenancy in such Regiments as there may now exist vacancies. If there are no such vacancies he assured them that he would brevet each of them First Lieutenants in the Regular Army. The Soldiers remained for some time in conversation with the Secretarj- and the other gentlemen present. President Lincoln having requested the Soldiers to pay him a visit, on taking leave of the War Office, they went directly to the White House, with General Hitchcock and Mr. Wetmoi'e, where they were re- ceived with exceeding warmth of feeling by the President. Mr. Lincoln manifested the utmost sym- pathy for their sufterings, and commended them for the uncomplaining courage with which they had submit- ted to them, lie thanked them on behalf of the people. They departed after a very interesting interview of half an hour's duration. These men have been granted a month's furlough and to-da)' or to-morri3w start for tlieir Ohio homes, where they will receive a welcome worthy of their heroism. I was aliout to add that I was ])roud that my home too was in a Stati' tluit breeds such heroes — but we will claim not all of this honor for Ohicj^ for it is abundant for our entire common Country — every State and league of it. In 1880 John A. Wilson (better known us " Alf." Wilson), of Haskins, Wood County, had published a very interesting statement of the Mitcliel Raid, in wliich he was a j)artici])ant. He gave the names of his associates as fijllows : J. J. Andrew's and Wm. Campbell, citizens of Ken- tucky. JNIarion A. Ross and Perry G. Shadrack, Company A, Second Ri^giment 0. Y. I. George Wilson, Company B, same Regiment. Wilson W. Brown, Company F, same Regiment. Wm. Pettenger, Company G, same Regiment. J. K. Porter, Mark Wood", and J. A. Wilson, Com- pany C, Twenty-Fir.st Regiment, O. V. I. Wm. J. Knight, Company E, same Regiment. Wm. Bessinger, Company G, same Regiment. Robert Buffum, Company H, same Regiment. John Scott and E. H. Mason, Company K, same Regiment. M. J. Hawkins, Company A, Thirtv-Third Regi- ment 0. V. I. Wm. Reddick, Company B, same Regiment. Wm. Wollam, Company C, same Regiment. Samuel Robinson, Company G, same Regiment. D. A. Dorsey, Company H, same Regiment. Jacob Parrott, Company K, same Regiment. Samuel Slavens, same Regiment. Tv?o others started on the expedition, but fell so far behind their associates, that they re- turned to the Union»lines. Mr. Wilson's story is replete with facts and incidents not given in the brief sketch of Mr. French, the two agreeing substantially in the main points. Mr. Wilson says that of the original party of 22 who landed at Marietta, eight had been hung, leaving 14, who were in Atlanta prison together. Of these eight made good their escape, and reached the Union lines, to wit : J. A. AVilson, of Haskins, Wood County, Ohio. M. J. Hawkins, residence unknown. W. W. Brown, Wood County, Ohio. Wra. J. Knight, North Pacific Junction, Minnesota. Wm. Wollam, residence unknown. John R. Porter, Carlisle, Arkansas. Mark Wood, deceased. Mr. Wilson and Mark Wood were not with their six associate raiders when they were at Washington ; but they also made the visit, and like the others were received with testimonials of admiration and respect for their heroic con- duct. The President said to him : "Mr. Wil- son, it affords me great pleasure to take you by the hand ; and I thank God that your life has been spared." After introducing him to a 268 HISTOKY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. company of disting^uished callei'S, the Presi- dent sat down by Mr. AVilson, manifesting as muoh interest in him as if he liad been an old and valued ac(juaintanee. On leaving, the President took him by the hand, saying : " Each member of j'our expedition shall have a commission ; and if the Governor of Ohio does not give you a commission, Mr. Wilson, I will give 3'ou a Lieutenant's commission in the Eegular Army." Hotli the c.\])oricuicc and the spirit of Union Soldiers in the hands of the Rebels, are well shou'M ill the following private letter from Lieutenant (now Captain) F. T. Bennett, 18th Regiment United States Army, .sou of the late Henry Bennett, Esq., of Toledo : LiBBY Prison. Richmond, Va., October 22, 1S63. De.mj Mother :— I have been here since the 1st and 1 am getting used to Prison Ufe. I am per- fectly well and iiave not seen a sick minute since I came here. Tliere are a great many otticers here. We have Ave large sleeping rooms and a dining hall, whicli is a large room, lighted with gas. We liave dances, cards, theatres, and all kinds of anuLsements here. There is either preach- ing or prayer meeting in one of the rooms every evening. Yesterday we had a sermon by the Catholic Bishop of Richmond, a very smart 'man. We get Richmond pa|iers everv morning. Captain Hunt got a box from his wife yesterday, filled with all sorts of good things. 1 wrote to vou for a box and hope you will .send it right along. Almost every officer that has been here anv time has got a box from home lately; should like.drawers, shirts, stock- ings, blankets, coffee, sugar, ham, i>ic. Capt. Hunt and Lieut. Forsyth are well. Capt. Hunt got two Toledo papers, one with a notice of my capture. I am glad that you heard it so soon. ■ Write often and send lots of papers. Remember me to all. Your atfectionate son, Fr.\nk T. Bennett. In January, 1865, the Congressional Com- mittee on the Conduct of the War made the treatment of Union prisoners in Rebel hands the subject of special investigation. To tliat end, they took the testimony of many Union Soldiers and others, who had personal knowl- edge in the premises. Among tho.se thus ex- amined was Albert D. Richardson, then a corres- pondent of the New York Tribune in the South. His testimony was specially distinct and clear, presenting the real character of the prison- pens of the Rebels, in better form than was that of any other witness. He said : I was captured by the Rebels, Mav 3, 1863, at mid- night, on a hay bale in the Mississippi River, oppo- site Vicksburg. After confinement in six different prisons 1 was sent to Salisbury, N. C. Feb. 3, 1864 and kept there until December 18, lSii4, when I es- caped. For months Salisbury was the most en- durable prison I had seen ; there w ere 600 inmates. They were exercised in the open air, comparatively well fed and kindly treated. Early in October 10,000 regular prisoners of war arrived. It immediately changed into a scene of cruelty and horror. It was densely crowded. Rations were cut down and issued very irregularly. Friends outside could not even send in a plate of food. The prisoners suffered con- stantly and often intensely for want of bread and shelter. Those who had to live or die on prison rations, always suffered from hunger. Very fre- quentl}' one or more divisions of a thousand men would receive no rations for 24 hours, sometimes were without a morsel of food for 40 hours. A few who had currency would pay from five to twenty dol- lars in Rebel currency for a little loaf of bread. Many, though the weather was very iucleiuent, and the snow frecjuent, sold the coats from their backs and the shoes from their feet. I was assured on authority entirely trustworthy, that a great Com- missary warehouse near the prison was filled with Iirovisions. That the Commissary found it difficult to find storage for his flour and meal. That when a subordinate asked the first Commandant Major John H. Gee, "Shall I give the prisoners full rations?" he replied: "No, G-d d-n them, quarter rations." I know hrjm personal observation that corn anrl pork are very abundant in the region about Salisbury. For weeks the prisoners had no shelter wdiatever. They were all thinly clad ; thousands were barefooted ; not (ine in twenty had an overcoat or blanket ; many hundreds were without shirts, and hundreds were without blou.ses. One Sibley tent and one "A" tent were furnished to each squad of one hundred ; with the closest crowding these sheltered about half the prisoners, the rest burrowed in the ground, crept under the luiildings. or shivered through the night in the open air upon the frozen ground. If the Rebels at the time of our capture had not stolen our shelter tents, blankets, clothing and money, we would have suH'ei'cd little from cold. If the prison authori- ties had permitted them either on parole or under guard to cut logs within two miles of the prison, the prisoners would gladly have built comfortable and ample barracks in one week ; but the coiiniKUidaut would not consent ; he did not even furnish one-half of the fuel needed. The hospitals were in a horrible condition; more than half who entered the hospitals died in a very few days; the deceased, always with- out coffins, were loaded into the dead-cart, piled on each other like logs of wood, and so driven out to be thrown into a trench and covered with earth. The Rebel Surgeons were generally humane and atten- tive, and endeavored to improve the shocking condi- tion of the hospitals, but the Salisbury and Rich- mond authorities disregarded their protests. On November 2.5. many of the prisoners had been with- out food for 48 hours, and were desperate ; without any mature plan a few of them said : "We may as well die in one way as another ; let us break out- of this horrible place." Some of them wrested the guns from a relief of 15 Rebel Soldiers just entering the yard, killing two who re.sisted, and wounding five or six others, and attempted to open the fence, but they had neither adequate tools or concert of action. Be- fore they could effect a breach every gun of the gar- rison was turned on them, tlie field pieces opened with grape and cannister, and they dispersed to their quarters. In five minutes from its beginning the attempt was quelled, and hardly a prisoner was to be seen in the yard. The rebels "killed in all sixteen and wounded sixty. Not one-tenth of the prLsoners had taken part in the attempt, and many of them were Ignorant of it until they heard the guns. De- liberate cold-blooded murders of peaceful men, where there was no [iretense that they were breaking any prison regulation, were very frequent. Our lives were never safe for one moment ; any sentinel at any hour of the day or night could deliberately shoot IN REBEL HANDS. 2G9 down any prisoner, or fire into any group of prison- ers, black or white, and would never be taken off bis post for it. I left about 0,500 remaininj,' in garrison on December bsth, and they were then dying at the rate of '28 per day, or b! per cent, per month. The simple truth is, that the Kebel authorities are murder- ing our Soldiers at Salisbury, by cold and hunger, while they might easily supply them with amiile food and fuel. They are doing this systematically, and I believe are killing them intentionally, for the purpose either of forcing our Government to an ex- change or forcing our men into the Reliel army. The following Soldiers died while impris- oned at Jacksouville, Florida, at tiie dates named : mth Ohio-h. S.Russell, Co. B, Julv 10, 18(14; Wm. Wickham, Co. B, Jan. 29, 1864; D. B. Clark, Co. I), June 6, 1804; D. Stephenson, Co. B, July it, 1804; M. G. Crane, Co. B, May 7, 1804; S. Jones. Co. B, July 24, 1804; AVni. Facef^ Co. K, April 18, 1804; M. (i. Burns, to. B, July 14, ISO.S; Anderson, Co. B, June 7, 1804. hmih Ohio—R. N. Foster, Co. A, March 30, 1804; Abe tiardner, Co. A, IMarch oO, 1804; Michael Sull, Co. K, March IS, 1804; il. Pierce, Co. A, July 19, 1804; Geo. Amos, Co. C, May 15, 1805; C. Smith, Co. A, May 18, 1804; Samuel Greek, Co. C, April 22, 1864; J. A. Wealing, Co. K, May 29, 1804; H. Stevens, Co. B, June 1, 1804; Jas. Logan, Co. K, May 29, 1864. iillh Ohio- John Reamer, Co. E, April 28, 1864. Uth Ohio— J. G. Conrad, Co. O, July 14, 1804. Soldiers who died at Dauvillo, Va.: 2i.s( Ohio— J. R. Wilfong, Co. G, August 6, 1804; E. Punsell, Co. K, April 20, 1864; G. Main, Co. F, April :!, 1864; J. Travis, Co. F, April 1, 1864; C. B. Scott, Co. K, March 23, 1864; J. Morehead, Co. C, Dec. 20, 1863; F. Henry, Co. G, Dec. 15, 1803; W. Cummings, Co. G, March 7, 1804; J. McFerrin, Co. K; R. Ireland. Co. C, Jan. 21, 1804; F. M. Krill, Co. H, Jan. 10, 1864; H. Copus, C'o. G. ■\'.)lh Ohio—G. R. Debolt, Co. K, April 14, 1864. ?>Sth Oldo—\. Austerman, Co. C, i\Iarcli 9. 1804. \Ath. Ohio— II. Townsend; A.Nicholson, Co. F. From September 12, to November 14, 18G4, the following deaths occurred in the Savannah Prison Hospital : S. Fraxler, 100th (). V. I.; Jas. Ace, Co. G, 10th O. V. C; C. Gordon, S. Overeyeas, and J. C. Berrv, 72d O. V. I.; J. McCabe, Co. A, 25th O. V. I. Deaths at Charleston, in December, 1864: Lieut. S. P. Harnley, 100th O. V. I.; Lieut. B. Gilmer, 72d 0. V. I.; ('apt. B. F. Ewers and John Miller, 100th O. V. 1. In Ajiril, 1865, was published a list of Ohio Soldiers wlio had died at Anders. V. I.; March 18, 1804. K. Metcalf, K, 100th O.V. I.; :\Iardi 19, lS(i4. . Wickbaui, H, 1 11th O. V. I.; Mar. 30, 1804. Stevens, B, lOOth O. V. I.; March ;51, 1864. M. Foster, A, 100th U. V. I.; April 3, 1864. . Franci.'*, K, 11th O. V. I.; April 18, 1864. Beaver, B, 11th O. V. I.; April 23, 1864. Greek, C, lOOth 0. V. I.; April 23, 1864. Kenney, Corp.. E, 67Ui O.V. I.; Apr. 27, '64. Crossar, B, 111th O. V. I.; May 6, 1864. . C. Corley, B, 111th O. V. 1.; May 8, 1864. Mack, K," 111th O. V. I.; May 10, 1864. . Sames, H, 14tli O. V. 1.; May 19, 1864. Wentling, K, lOOth O.V. I.; May 28, 1864. Clark, B, 111th O. V. I.; June 7, 1864. Anderson, B, lUth O.V. I.; June 7, 1864. W. Ostrander, H, 100th O.V. I.; June 20,'64. F. Decker, B, 111th O. V. I.; June 21, 1864. Halbert, H, 14th (). V. I.; Julv 2, 1864. Hudison, Corp., B, 111th O.V.I. ; July 3, '64. M. Zuher, B. 100th 0. V. I.; July 12. 1864. . Garnet, Corp., I, 14th O. V. I.; July 13,'64. G. Burns, D, 1 11th 0. V. I.; July 14, 1864. Q. A. Connand, G, 14th O. V. I.; July 14, '64. Pierce, A. 100th O. V. I.; July 18, 1864. T. Russell, B, 111th O. V. I.; July 19, 1864. Jones, B, 111th 0. V. I.; Julv 24,1864. Mie, Corp.. B, 111th O. V. I.; Aug. 4, 1864. Martin, L, 3d 0. V.C; August .5, 1864. Charles, A, 100th O. V. I.; August 9, 1864. Stevenson, B, lUth O. V. I.; Aug. 11, 1864. Spiegle. D, 14th O. V. I.; Aug. 11, 1864. Schem, K, 11 1th O.V. I.; Aug. 11,1864. Cline, B, lUth O. V. I.; Aug. 17, 1864. 3.5. J. 58. M. 60. M. 185. W. 2o0. H. 311. E. 636. W Gfll. G. 693. S. 71)5. J. 928. M. 965. W 998. D. 1,160. W 1,449. S. ^ I,(i79. D. 1,724. D. 2,245. E. 2,251. B. 2,775. C. 2,842. J. 3,225. J. 3,251. w. 3,299. M. 3,307. J.( 3,555. H. 3,613. S. ' 3,903. s. 4,688. J. 4,789. D. 5,105. F. 5,287. J. 5,330. F. 5,373. J. 6,022. II. 6,043. J. 6,108. G. 6,1-52. G. 7,490. 0. 7,8.30. V. 8,396. J. 9,225. H. 9,241. J. 9,3.58. J. 9,530. C. 9,700. J. 9,897. E. 1(1,472. H. 10,834. J. 11,034. H. 12,042. J. 12,772. W Decker, B, 111th O. V. I.; Aug. 18, 1864. E. Church, Sergt.,C, 14th O.V.L; Aug.lS.'64. L. Brown, F, 111th O. V. I.; Aug. 19, 1864. Burning, G, 14th O. V. I.; Sept. 1, 1864. H. Halley, Sergt.,B, 100th O.V.L; Sept.4,'64. Warner. G, 14th O. V. I.; Sept. 10, 1864. Ferguson, D, 3d 0. V. C; Sept. 19, 1864. P. McComb, II, 14th 0. V. I.; Sept. 19, 1864. Lovelv, K, 100th 0. V. I.; Sept. 20, 1864. Fowler, A, 100th 0. V. I.; Sept. 22, 1864. B. Jones, M, 3d O. V. C; Sept. 24, 1864. Bnrchlield, 14th O. V. 1.; Sept. 27, 1864. . Vanebert, C, 14th O. V. I.; Oct. 7, 1864. Cepp, I, 14tli O. V. I.; Oct. 12, 1864. Waldvin, A, 14th O. V. I.; Oct. 16, 1864. Wickhani, H, 14th O. V. I.; Nov. 16, 1864. . H. Bowers, A, 100th 0. V. I.; Mar. 13, 18(i4. Ransom's History of Andersonville con- clude.s with the following summary, taken from a report prepared by a Eebel Prison lnsj)eetor, Dr. Joseph Jones, Surgeon P. A. C. S.: ''The variation from month to month of the pro- portion of deaths to the whole number of living is singular and interesting. It supports the theory I have advanced above, as the following facts taken from the official report, will show : "In April, 1 in every 16 died. " In May, 1 in every 26 died. " In June, 1 in every 22 died. " In July, 1 in every IS died. " In August, 1 in every 11 died, " In September, 1 in every 3 died. " In October, 1 in every 2 died. '' In Novemlier, 1 in every 3 died." CHAPTER XIII. .lOIINSON S ISLAND. EAELY in 1862, the Government leased of L. B. Johnson, a portion of the Island in the Bay, opposite Sandusky, for use as a dejjot fcir Tiebel officers held as prisoners of War. The number of these there during that year ranged from 444 in April, to 1,452 in August, and 209 in December; in 18G3, the numbers varied from 308 in Januarj', 40 in May, to 2,(323 in De- cember ; in 1864, from 2,603 for January, and 2,441 in July, to 3,209 in December. These included every grade of officers, from Second Lieutenant to Major-General, and enough of these for an army of 80,000 men. From the opening of the prison, April 9, 1862, to Feb- ruary 10, 1865, there were received 7,771 prison- ers, of whom 210 only, or less than 3 per cent, had died, which was only about one-tenth of the number of Union Soldiers reported as dying in the Rebel prison at Salisbury, North Caro- lina, alone, in one month. The daily rations allowed at Johnson's Island were 10 ounces flour or soft bread, or 10 ounces hard bread in lieu thereof, or 16 ounces corn meal, in lieu of bread ; 14 ounces salt or fresh beef, or 10 ounces pork or bacon in lien thereof; 12^ jjounds beans or peas, or 8 pounds rice or hominy to 100 ra- tions, 2 pounds soap, 2 quarts vinegar, and 2 pounds salt, with occasionally jjotatoes, onions or other vegetables. The sick upon the Sur- geon's order were entitled to coffee, tea and sugar. With all which was allowed whatever the prisoner might receive or purchase. Some of those who came from the long siege at Port Hudson, Mi88is8i23l5i, had cultivated such taste for rats, that they unhesitatingly expressed a relish for such food, as preferable to squirrel. A Masonic Association was organized, which attended upon all members requiring care. Such ample provision of heathful food and such freedom in action, are in strange contrast with the experience of Union Soldiers in Eebel prisons.* The prisoners at the Island May 12, 1865, consisted of two Brigadier Generals, 42 Col- onels, 49 Lieutenant Colonels, 60 Majors, 627 Captains, 1,919 Lieutenants, 2 Surgeons, 17 As- sistants, 8 Chaplains, 44 Navy officers, 96 en- listed men, 7 citizens, and 2 deserters. Of these upon their discharge, under order of President Johnson, but three refused to take the oath of allegiance. The proximity of the Island to Canada, together with the strong sympatli}- existing there toward the Rebel cause, encour- aged the prisoners and their friends to plans of release, and also stimulated efforts on the part of the Confederate authorities toward ferment- ing collision between the LTnited States and Great Britain. Beside these sources of hope, were the known interest and activity in behalf of the prisoners on the ]iart of the " Knights of the Golden Circle" and the " Sons of Liberty," secret organizations of disloyal citizens of the North and chiefly in the Western States. These different influences kept the prisoners con- stantly busy in devising ways and means for escape, and their guard as vigilant in watching Rebel prisoners of War, and of rations issueil by the Confederate Government to Union prisoners, will be found fitting, as showing the difference in the same, to-wit : ■^ In this connection the following statement by Mr. A. M. Davidson (believed to be reliable) of the rations issued by the United States Government to [271] One ration issued by United States Government per day, to Rebel prisoners of War : Hard Bread 14 oz, or Soft Bread 18 oz, or Corn Meal 18 oz. Beef 14 oz, or Baeon or Pork 10 oz. White Beans 1-M qt. Hominy or Eice 17-25oz. Sugar.. 2 1-40Z. Rio Coffee 1 1-8 oz. Tea 2 3-4 dr. Hard Soap 2-3 dr. Candles, Adam't 1-20 or Candles, Tallow 1-16 Salt 1-50 qt. Molasses 1-100 qt. Potatoes . . 3-10 lb. Vinegar 32-lUO gl. Clothing issued by the United States to Rebel "prisoners at Fort Delaware from Sept. 1, 1803, to May 1, 1864 : Overcoats --. 2.680 Jackets and Coats 1,094 Flannel Shirts 6,2('iO Pants 1,310 Drawers 7,175 Pairs Woolen Socks 8,807 Pairs Bootees 3,840 Woolen Blankets 4,387 One ration issued by Confed- erate Ciovcrnraent per day, to Union Prisoners of War: Corn Meal, unbolted. 9 oz. Beef 4 oz. or Bacon 4 oz. Peas 1-16 qt. Rice 1 oz. Soft Soap 1-32 dr. •Salt 1-100 qt Molasses 1-300 qt Clothing issued by Confeder- ates to Union Prisoners in all places from September, 18Ki, to November, 1861 ; None. 272 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. their movements. Several alarms occurred, in approluMi.sion of attempts by prisoners or from outside, for the liheratitm of tiie Rebel inmates. November 11, lS(i8, Mayor Dorr, of Toledo, re- ceived from Secretary Stanton a dispatch, to the effect that Lord Lyons, the Briti-sh Minister at Washington, had given warning of an alleged plot on part of Confederates and refugees in Canada, to invade the United States and de- stroy the City of Buffalo— that they proposed to seize Steamboats, liberate the prisoners on Joiinson's Island, and with them attack Buf- falo. Upon receipt of such information, a meeting of the Toledo Board of Trade was held, with Harry Chase, President, in the chair. The Secretary's dispatch being read, on motion of Almon Hopkins, a committee, consisting of the Mayor, General J. B. Steedman, C. A. King, M. R. Waite, Matthew Brown, M. D. Carring- toii and D. B. Smith, were appointed to make arrangements for such police regulations as might be found necessary. This committee recommended a special meeting of the City Council, that provision might be made for a battery for the protection of the harbor ; that 10 or 12 policemen patrol the docks in the City during the exigency, and that Colonel C. B. Phillips take measures to have his Regiment in readiness to act at a moment's notice. The City at once made provision for chartering " a fast tug to patrol the Ba}- and the head of the Lake,'' and for speeial police service. The ap- prehended invasion did not take place. The most serious movement toward the lib- eration of the Confederates on Johnson's Island culminated on the 19th September, 18G4, when a desperate attempt was made by outside parties. The scheme is shown in»the following statement : The steamer Philo Parsons, Captain S. F. Atwood, left Detroit on her regular trip for Sandusky, at 8 A. m. At Sandwich, Canada, a number of passengers got on board, and more at Maiden, making in all, 35 or 40. They had more or less of baggage. Nothing occurred to attract attention to these men, until the boat had leftKelley's Island (some three miles from John.son's Island), when they went to their rooms and soon returned, dressed in long coats, completely concealing their persons. Under orders from a leader, they were so stationed as to command the Boat, and then the officers and crew were notified that they were prisoners of War, and that the Boat was in jjossession of Captain Allen, of the Confederate Navy. The disguise of the men being now removed, re- vealed them armed with two Navy revolvers, a bow ie-kniCe and a hatchet each. It was also found, that tliey were provided with grap];)ling irons for scaling vessels. The Captain and his men were told that on any attempt at resist- ance, their brains would be blown out, while two of the pii'ates stood by the wheelsman with four pistols drawn, directing him in what direction to steer. After getting possession, instead of entering the Bay, the pirates passed on down the Lake some five miles I'rom the Island, when they turned around, and passing Kelley's, went back to Middle Bass Island. The vSteamer Island Queen, Captain Orr, had left vSandusky at 3 p. M. for Toledo, and stopped at Kelley's Island for 30 or 40 men of Captain Webb's Company, One Hundred and Thirtieth Ohio, just returned from their 100-days' service in Virginia. They were without arms. The Queen stopped at Middle Bass, alongside of the Parsons, and commenced getting out her plank, with the view of passing freight across the Parsons to the dock, when she was sud- denly boarded b}' 20 armed men, who notified all on board, that they were prisoners of War, and were ordered on board the Parsons, the ladies and children being allowed to go on shore. The Soldiers were all paroled as Con- federate prisoners of War, and the balance of the passengers of both Boats sw^orn to secrecy for 24 hours, when thej' were permitted to land. The two Steamers were then lashed to- gether and started for Sandusky. About five miles below Put-in Bay, the pirates broke off the water-cock of the pony-engine of the Queen, leaving a hole of about four inches in her side, when she was cast off, and left to sink. The Parsons then passed on and cruised about the mouth of Sandusky Bay for some time, as if watching for a signal inside, and then took the course for Detroit River. While hov- ering about the Bay, the pirates were heard discussing earnestly among themselves the probability of their being able to capture the United States Steamer Michigan, lying at Johnson's Island — some claiming it could be done, and others that it would be utter mad- ness to attempt it. Captain Orr, who jet remaiTied on board, was of the opinion that the scheme was embarrassed by lack of expected co-oj)eration on the jjart of accom2ilices in the JOHNSON'S ISLAND. 273 Bay. The Parsons, on reaching Detroit Uiver, took the British channel and stopped at Fight- ing Island, where Captain Orr, Wm. Hamilton, Clerk, and Mr. Haynes, Engineer of the (iueen, and part of the Parsons' crew, were landed. She then passed on to a dock up the River. The Queen was stripped of everything deemed of value to the pirate.s, and all movable articles on the Parson.s were gathered ready for removal. Subsequent information left no doubt that the plan was for the Parsons to arrive off the mouth of the Bay about the time the trains were due on the Southern Railroads, each of which to bring co-operating forces, when a signal from Sandusky was to indicate that ever^'thing was in readiness for operations ; and it was the failure of such signal, that led Allen to give up the attempt, return to tlie Detroit River and abandon the wliole enterprise. The incoming trains were examined and more or less of the passengers arrested. A suspicious character, named C. H. Cole, who had been boarding at the West House, Sandusky, was arrested. He was said to have received remittances of gold from the Confederate authorities, and it was the common belief, that he was relied upon for organizing the land co-operation with Allen. Revelations made by Cole, led to the arrest of several citizens of Sandusky. An examination took place before United States Commissioner White, from Cleveland, resulting in the holding for trial of Cole, and J. B. Merrick and F. Rosenthal, of Sandusky, and a man named Robinson, found on board the Michigan, and the discharge of others. The cases never came to trial. On the night of December 12, 18G4, by concerted arrangement, a rush was made by 24 prisoners upon the center of the guard-line on the Northwest side of the prison. The prisoners had improvised eight scaling-ladders, by attaching cleats to boards and strips, being light and easily carried. The rush upon the guard at once occasioned alarm, but the move- ment was so sudden and desperate, that four of the men were enabled to escape. One, Lieu- tenant John B. Bowles, son of the President of a Louisville Bank, was shot and killed. One of the raiding party, Bennet G. Barley, was subsequently arrested in Canada, returned to this State, and tried in the Common JMeas Court at Port Clinton, on the charge of rob- bery, in forcibly taking the watch of W. O. Ashlej', the Clerk of the Steamer Parsons. In bar of proceedings, was pleaded the fact tliat defendant was the authorized agent and acting under the directions of the Confederate Gov- ernment, in all that he did, and that he did nothing not warranted by the laws and usages of War. Judge John Pitch, presiding, held that the Confederate States were, at the time named, a Government rte/ac4. James Douglass (( Oct. 25, 1804. Owen J. Hopkins (( Oct. 25, 1864. Wm. H. Wood U Oct. 25, 1864. Ernest F. Lipez " Feb. 8, 1865. Joseph L. Deputy (< Feb. 23, 1865. Harvey B. O'Hara u May 2, 1865. Josiah N. Smith (( June 16, 1865. Robert H. Turiettan.. " June 16, 1865. Geo. AV. Brittingham. " June 10, 1805. Ernest F. Lipez 2d Lieutenant. (Jet. 1, 1804. James S. Merritt u Oct. 1, 1804. Joseph L. Deputy a Oct. 8, 1804. Harvey B. O'Hara " Oct. 8, 1864. Josiah N. Smith t( Oct. 8, 1864. Robt. H. Turiettan u Oct. 8, 1864. Geo. W. Brittingliam _ (C Oct. 10, 1864. Levi L. Conner " Oct. 10, 1864. John K. Pollard " Oct. 13, 18(i4. Wm. H. McGrew u Oct. 25, 18ti4. W. H. Brooker (( March 18,1865. Samuel D. Morse " March 18,1865. Lawrence Wamsley '* March 18,1865. Alfred L. Sargent (( May 2, 1865. H. G. Patterson C( May 2, 1865. Name. Levi D. Eversol John Fearnside Joseph B. Jennings Charles Bradley John Carroll Josepli G. Segur Peter Trotten Harrison Johns William Ahrent Kearn Carroll George Eikler Jiram Parker Ashley, Nelson Anderson, William O _. Armitage, Thomas Blaylock, William Baylor, Christian Baker, Christian Butler, John Bramsperger, Joseph Boland, Martin E Cook, John G. (died) __ Curan, Edward Rank. Age. 1st Sergt. 24 Sergeant. 82 *' 42 (( 21 Corporal. 22 u 44 (( 19 (( 21 (( 25 " 26 (1 18 Musician. 16 Private. 26 (( 18 " 26 u 25 a 32 " 24 " 40 (( 33 " 23 " 21 (( 18 Sept. Aug. .Sept. Aug. Aug. Sept. Aug. Aug. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Aug. Sept. Aug. Aug. Sept. Aug. Aug. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. 12,1864 17,1804 12,1864 1,1804 4,1804 15,1864 12,1864 23,1804 6, 1804 23,1804 18,1864 17,1864 17,1864 3, 1864 17,1864 15,1864 26,1864 4,1864 24,1864 3,1864 10,1804 29,1804 9,1804 [274] APPENDIX TO CHAPTER II. Name. Campbell, .Tames Callahan, John Coleman, John Currie, Peter Caster, Frederick Demond, Alva J Drinst, Henry Dewitt, Lewis Dernhof, Henry Douty, Hiram Fassett, Ransom A Fornask, George (died). Freck, Jonas (died) Fox, Patrick Fehr, John Golden, James Gand, John Greiner, Jacob Gamo, Joseph Genson, Charles F Gibson, John Harris, William Hettinger, Jacob Hennessey, William Hoiles, Albert Hashberger, Drake Jacob, Charles Keys, Anson Kappell, William King, Stephen Kellogg, Henry Lewis, Royal Lafarre, William A Miller, Charles Mahen, Thomas McDonald, James Morgan, Charles W Mercer, William Mitzker, Lorenzo Marsh, Peter Marsh, Casper Mack, William Mahler, William Northup, William Oberst, Michael Phillips, James Ryan, Charles Ramer, Matthias Russell, Josephus Taylor, George W Tugo, Nelson Ward. IraJ Wellington, Charles Winkler, John Wallace, Richard Bohanan, Thomas Clark, George Craig, Josiah Cain, John Clark, Thomas Clarkson, Richard H Davis, John H Flannegan, John Henry, WilHam Mahoney, Florence Mahonev, John O Riley, Patrick Smith, Francis Snyder, Myron 1 Scbmedlin, John W Schmidt, George Avid, Andrew Barnes, Benjamin Beales, Christian Rank. Age. Entered Service. Name. Private. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Aug. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. 30 ^Aug. 20 21 IS 28 19 19 LS IS IS 29 IS IS IS 25 2.5 IS 42 44 Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Sept. Aug. Aug. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Sept. Aug. Aug. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. I Aug. Sept. 24 Aug. oO Aug 40 I Aug 32 Sept, 30,1864 21,1804 22,1804 5,1804 6,1804 9,1804 17,1804 31,1804 12,1804 21,1804 31,1804 1,1804 3,1864 20,1804 .5,1804 9,1864 21,1864 13,1864 .30,1804 5,1804 7,1804 4,1864 27,1864 17,1864 7,1864 12,1864 6,1864 15,1804 18,1864 9,1864 7,1864 17,1864 29,1864 9,1864 2.5,1864 30,1864 12,1864 9,1864 19,1S64 15,1804 15,1864 7,1804 17,1804 1!>,1864 11,1804 12,1804 1,1804 30,1864 25,1864 21,1864 29,1804 27,1804 22,1804 5,1804 17,1804 2,1804 '1,1804 24,1804 29,1804 1,1804 1.5,1804 12,1864 15,1864 14,1804 22,1804 22,1804 27,1864 19,lS(i4 31,1864 1.5,1864 24,1864 31,1864 ;. 27,1864 ,. 26,1864 Housley, Andrew McDonnell, .John Rowe, Daniel Sly, Alestes D Upham, Warren H Carrick, Isaac Langendorf, Jacob . Corbit. Thomas Bey, Charles Swing, Charles Kinney, William Older, Perry C Quinn, Joseph Wood, Channcey L Smithland, John Scott, William H Rank. Corporal Private. Mu.sician Corporal. Private. Sergeant. Private. Age. 21 18 19 18 16 28 42 23 42 17 20 IS Entered Service. Oct. Oct. Oct. ( )ct. ( )ct. ^ug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. .\ug. Aug. Sept. 42 jSei)t. 18 Sept. 3. 1.S64 20, 1864 18, 1,S(i.| 21, 1864 24, 1,S(;4 25, IS(M 29,1804 28,1864 .3,1864 0,1804 30,1804 25,1X01 23,1.S04 :!,l.S(i-| |.5,1S04 30,1804 COMPANY B. Name. James S. Merritt Lewis Boegehold .. John Ryan Wm. H. Hamilton Elijah Metzker John K. Price Aaron A. Newell Anderson, James Aiken, Lewis Benjamin, Nathan Bele, Frederick Boice, George C Bourds, Nelson Berge, Henry Burck, Charles Forrer, Mott Gander, James Giser, Samuel Gerth, Michael Giser, Frederick Garman, Daniel Hoik, William H Hollister, Frederick Jones, John Leslie, Henry I Lane, Charles Leggett, Frank Leggett, Frederick Manhugh, Silas W Mangle, David Murfin, Henry H Merchant, William McNolly, Patrick Otis, Tiuiothy Pierce, Hiram Pheils, Jacob Renolet, Daniel Royer, Emanuel Romstadt, Charles Stanford, Henry Sweigart, Cyrus Sloan, Abraham H Shleagle, Anthony Stabl, Nicholas (died)._. Smith, James Thompson, Wm Williams, Joseph Wechtel, George Walker, Jonas B. (died). Warner, Joseph B Welson, George E Rank. Age. Entered Service. 2d Lieut. Sergeant. Corporal. Musician Private. 19 18 22 32 22 20 18 19 27 32 23 22 24 18 IS 18 32 22 41 20 22 18 20 20 20 23 IS 18 18 19 28 20 18 19 44 20 18 18 30 40 Aug. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Aug. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sej)t. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. !Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. Aug. Sept. Sei)t. Aug. Aug. Aug. 28 |Aug. 18 [Sept. 18 I Aug. IS Aug. 22 lAug. 15,1804 7,1804 5,1.S64 27,18(;4 20,1, SO I 29,1.S04 4,1804 19,1864 22,1804 24,1804 27,1804 27, 1S04 29,1864 3,1804 .5,1804 9,1804 19,1864 23,1864 29,1804 9,18()4 2,1864 23,1864 29,1,S(;4 16,1864 2,1864 3,1864 24,1864 28,1.S04 14,1804 2(i,lS04 2,1X01 23,1804 27,18(i4 1.1X04 30,1804 9,1X04 16,1864 3,18()4 3,1864 16,1X64 18,1804 15,1804 10.1804 25.1X04 25,1804 10,1804 0,1804 1.5,1864 2.5,1864 10,18(i4 18,1804 276 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Name. Sank. Age. Entered Service. Name. Bank. Age. Entered Service. Yeanser, Frederick Caramel, Joseph Con lev iTohn Private. (t K (( 11 li C( (( t( 1( (( Corporal. Musician Private. (( tt It n li u (1 (. (( (( u 18 29 19 41 20 44 24 30 24 18 44 25 21 31 35 18 19 19 18 38 18 18 23 43 23 23 18 18 22 27 21 21 21 19 20 30 20 20 Aug. 16,1864 Sept. 16,18(54 Aug. 10,18(54 Aug. 24,18(54 Aug. 24,1864 Aug. 27,1864 Aug. 20,1864 Aug. 29,18(54 Sept. 16,1864 Aug. 8,18(54 Sept. 5,1864 Aug. 9,1864 Sept. 7,18(54 Oct. 8, 1864 Oct. 12, 1864 Oct. 6, 1864 Oct. 13, 1864 Oct. 14, 1864 Oct. 11, 1864 Oct. 13, 1864 Oct. 3, 1864 Oct. 8, 1864 Oct. 13, 1864 Oct. 7, 1864 Sept. 3,1864 Oct. 14, 1864 Oct. 8, 1864 Oct. 8, 1864 Sept. 5, 1864 Aug. 18,1864 Oct. 7, 1864 Oct. 7, 1864 Oct. 7, 18(54 Oct. 7, 1864 Oct. 7, 18(54 Oct. 21, 1864 Feb. 25, 1864 Aug. 18,1864 Cutter, Clifton H Christman, James Carney, Michael Clark, Joseph A Downey, John Duching, Augustus Duke, James . . Private. It it it it It It (( {( (( (t t( (( it (( (( It (1 (t (t It It a tt ti ti It tt (( (( (( (( ti it (( tt (( (( i( (( (1 It It u (( tt It It (( tt tt It tt 19 18 21 19 25 38 44 20 28 18 17 21 18 27 18 32 22 19 19 36 20 33 38 36 24 28 38 23 44 28 24 44 19 19 18 22 21 35 35 32 19 36 18 21 19 2'2 20 30 20 18 34 21 18 18 44 19 24 21 18 30 18 18 18 19 22 23 '23" 25 18 I2" 26 18 August, 1864 Cross. Franklin llotrle Henry IVIiUcr Clmrlps T Morjran, Ilinim Nelson David Eugarps, Henry S Edgar, Robert February, Henry Ford, George J Thomas, George W W'llkf^r AViilia.ni Farrell, Joseph Walker, John . - Gibson, Frank GladhiU. William Greek, George . . Heinrich, Jerome Cole, Seth R Hall, John. Dowell, Mcses A Eldridge, James H Hamp, William E Harden, Thomas Huyck, OHver E *Holly, Stephen C Heckman, John Hackett, James. Gilchrist, William L Gulimore, John Kile, Josiah Lavague, Ferdinand Lane, Charles W Murrav, Atwell. Hackett, Aaron A Hackett, Freeman Henrichs, William H Johnson, John P Johnson, Freeman Jerome, Alexander Johnson, Thomas L *Kapler, Frank Nathan, Joseph. Pettys, John Ryan, John Swigart, Cj'rus Allen, David Long. R. B Dailey, Joseph _ _ Lasher, William LaDuc, Charles - Fannel. Wil iam Pucy, Charles ._ Maus, Jacob C Turner, James. Maxfleld, William Marsh, Phili ) McGovern, Thomas Marsh, Squire Brooker, William H Percival. William More, Samuel . McConnell, John C McGill, John COMP ANY D. McCullough, George Nordheim, .John Noyes, William J Norris, Edward O'Connor, Frank Otto, James Pennewell, Marshall Pernia, Frank Name. Sank. Age. Entered Service. Warren W. Cooke George M. Young Josiah N. Smith Edwin L. Tenny Captain. 1st Lieut. 2d Lieut. Sergeant. (f n (( Corporal. (( (( Musician Private. (( It 28 28 ".37" 21 29 31 22 34 29 28 26 26 18 26 24 44 44 41 18 34 31 31 17 39 18 19 37 23 38 August, 1864 (I t( (i i( (( (( a (( (( (( t( tt tt tt tt it It it tt tt tt li 11 it it (( Winfield Saldoris^._ Wm. E. Hojjkins Isaac Long Pomeroy, Irvin C Pockraire, Samuel W__. Renolette, Lewis B Robertson, Henrj' Rinehart, John A Rigel. Michael Andrew P. Phillips John Furman ._ _ John Walker. George F. Case Reed, Gordon C . Reuben Gager George Masterman Ricketts, John W Segur, Albert. Uriah Bender ._ Small, John W James Conner _ . Snider, William John W. Wolf Sweasey, Alfred T Shinover, Joseph Scott, Clarence F Smith, John Charles W. Segur Arquett, Stephen Ashlan, Joseph. Allen, Farley Baker, Mahlon.. Smith, Samuel St. John, John Thompson. Stephen Thompson, Thomas J . Thomas, William H Vanderhoff', William E.. Williams, Charles H Walmesley, Lawrence Wolke, John H. G Walker, WiUiam Walter, David H Bremer, Anthony M Bearson, Medos . "Betts, Albert N._ Burrell, Virgil S.. Barnett, WiUiam Brecht, Michael Burkholder, Jacob K Coe, Emory . _. Cole, Frederick APPENDIX TO CHAPTER II. 277 Name. Waltner, John Wilkinson, Thomas A__ *WaiTen, Alfred Wencnger, Philip *Wagnor, John Welch, John H Williams, John Ward, James ■■■'Deceased. Sank. Private. Age. 19 18 18 30 38 24 Entered Service. COMPANY K. August, 1864 COMPANY F. Name. Sank. Age. Entered Service. John M. Fisher 1st Sergt. 24 Sept. 10,1864 David Kosier Sergeant. 24 Sept. 3, 1864 Lorenzo DeGraff •» Sept. 3, 1864 Jonathan Kozier Corporal. 31 Sept. 5, 1864 William K. Spencer 2.") Sept. 12,18(i4 JiihnG. Shiftier 32 Sept. 16,1864 ( )scar S. Webb " 18 Sept. 12,lS(i4 Oct. 4, 1864 W. S. Bradley Musician l(i Bushon, Andrew Private. 36 Sept. 3, 18(i4 Brace, George W *' 18 Sept. 14,18(54 Bennett, James 21 Sept. 21,1 S(i4 Bratten, Orlando a 18 Sept. 17,1864 Betts, Luther " 18 Sept. 2(!, 1864 Bailey, Charles A (( 22 Sept. 24,1864 Bash, Jacob *' 38 Oct. 3, 1864 Collins, Abraham It 25 Sept. 10,18(i4 Culver, Thomas " 18 Sept. 25,1 8(i4 Cassel, Curtiss. (t 33 Sept. 5, 18(54 Chappell, James W. (( 21 Sept. 30,1864 DeWitt, Edmund K (( 42 Sept. 1, 1864 Durbin, Charles a 18 Sept. 27,1864 Densmore, Amos (( 11) Oct. 1, 18()4 Ely, Francis D u ^^ Sei>t. 13,1864 Sept. 21,1864 Funson, John (( 17 Ford, Francis W 30 Sept. 30,1864 Hissong, Jonas 39 Sept. 3, 18(i4 Heeleed, Daniel (( 28 Sept. 13,18(>4 Hicks, James H (t 19 Sept. 24,1 8(i4 Harger, Jesse 22 Sept. 26,18154 Hart, John A- (( •'5 Sept. 17,1864 Oct. 4, 18(54 Merryman, Orson (( IS Orbelin, Hiram B ti 26 Sept. 22,1864 Peack, William. (( 18 24 Sept. 3, 1864 Sept. 20,1864 Packard, J. D Rhoades, Lewis W it 17 Sept. 13.1864 Rose, George W (( 18 Sept. 14,18(54 Richards, John (1 18 Sept. 2(5,18(54 Rardin, Lorenzo It 16 Sept. 21,18(54 Strasback, Adam n 33 Sept. .5, 1864 Shultz, George u IH Sept. 5, 18(54 Sept. 10,18(54 Sonimer, John 11 37 Snyder, Henry_ (I ■^0 Sept. 5, 1864 Sept. 16,1864 ShilHer, Aaron " 20 Shiftier, Eli i( 25 Sept. 24,1 8(i4 Smith, .John D . a 18 18 23 Sept. 30 18(54 Swift, Horace S_ Sept. 22,18(54 Smithart, George Oct. 5, 1864 Scott, Peter _ .. .. n 18 18 Oct. 3, 1864 Tally, Hiram. . . Sept. 26,1864 Weston, Thomas " 41 Sept. 15,1864 Wines, Martin L (( 18 Sept. 19,18(54 Wines, John W (( 41 Sept. 24,18(54 Warren, Augustus u 18 Oct. 5, 18(i4 Ward, Simeon J (t 25 Oct. 5, 1864 Lucas, Wm. C (1 18 42 Oct. 4, 1864 Amspaugh, George Oct. 21, 1864 Maris, George R (( 18 Sept. 2, 1864 Name Sank. Age. 43 Entered Service. Charles A. Wright Captain. Sept. 12,18(54 William H. Wood 1st Lieut. 23 Oct. 19, 1864 Wm. H. McGrew 2d Lieut. 24 Aug. 27,1864 Francis M. Blakeman __ _ 1st Sergt. 28 Sept. 3 1S64 Robert VV. S. Ely ■'() Sej)t. ::, 1864 Oct. 4, 18(i4 Francis Ring . (( •'1 Samuel Richards (( 24 Oct. 15, 1864 Franklin L. Myers (( 27 Oct. 7, 1864 Simeon Richards Corporal. 19 Oct. (5, 18(54 John E. Kinney 11 26 Oct. 14, 18(54 Henderson, Charles t( 23 Oct. 14 1864 Wright, Samuel P 11 18 Oct. 7, 1864 John Hartsell. _. 11 11 18 38 IS Sei>t. i:!,1864 Oct. 5, 1,8(54 Jesse Cravens . . John E. Ayres Oct. 6, 18(54 Thomas C. Hopkins 11 IS Oct. 4, 1864 W.I.Drake Drumm'r 17 Oct. 9, 18(54 Anderson, John C Private. 21 Oct. 10, 1864 Aldrich, Albert 11 18 Oct. 4, 1864 Billman, John G 11 26 Oct. 12, 18(54 Buckmaster, Christopher 11 37 Sept. 12,18(54 Bechtel, George 11 27 Oct. 14, 18(54 Burnham, Edward L It IS Oct. 6, 18(54 Barnes, Samuel . _ 11 11 18 34 Oct. 1, 18(54 Corp, Wm. H_ . ._ Sept. 19,1864 Oct. 10, 18(54 Cannon, Robert (died)__ 11 32 Coleman, John .. .. _ 11 21 Sept. 24.1864 Cullen, John G _ . 11 11 25 20 Oct. 13, 1,864 Cheney, Roswell W Oct. 18, 1,S(54 Cooper, Lawrence 11 3(5 Oct. 19, 1,S(54 Durget, Washington 11 27 Oct. 13, 18(54 Darling, George A 11 21 Oct. 18, 1864 Davis, William " 24 Oct. 10, 18(54 Swan, Nathan T 11 38 Oct. 1.5, 1854 Eagle, John H. (died).._ 11 20 Oct. 19, 1864 Everett, George D 11 18 Oct. 6, 18(54 Farley, John . 11 1 Oct. 13, 18(54 Farber, Francis W Oct. 19, 1,S(54 Frock, Jacob L 11 11 18 19 Oct. 7, 18(54 Grafton, Abram W Aug. 27, 18(54 Hurger, James 1' 23 Oct. 7, 1864 Harger, John (died) 11 18 Oct. 7, 18(54 Hazelton, Anthony W .. 11 38 Sept. 5, 18(54 Huston, Alfred It 39 Oct. 13, 18(54 Heclen, Daniel 11 28 Sept. 13,1864 Heston, John R 11 24 Oct. 15, 1864 Harris, John. . . . 11 •'3 Oct. 10, 18(54 Haddix, Stephen " 18 Oct. 1, 1864 Hurlbert, Orin S . -. 11 21 Oct. 22, 18(54 .Jones, Wm. H It 11 19 28 Sept. 21,18(54 Jacobs, Fredericks Oct. 10, 1864 Humpton, Thomas 11 20 Oct. 10, 1864 Kent, Daniel M If 18 Oct. 13, 18(54 Lewis, William '1 26 Oct. 13, 1864 11 22 18 Oct. 3, 1864 Lentzy, William S Oct. 7, 1864 Law, George " 19 Oct. 5, 1864 Linegrove, Matthias It 44 Sept. 30,1864 Marion, John E " 18 Oct. 4, 18(54 Marnott, Isaiah R 11 38 Oct. 8, 18(54 McGurk, William tt 26 Sept. .30,18(54 McGowan, Wickly C 11 18 Oct. 18, 18(54 It 3't Oct. 20, 1864 McClure, Moses F '1 18 (Jet. 8, 1864 Martin, Jason B 11 28 Oct. 11, 18(54 Mason, Charles H " *>•> Oct. 11, 18(54 Miller, Lawrence N ft »>.> Oct. '7, 18(54 McCoy, Lucius __. " 18 Oct. 18, 1,S64 Nutter, John _. 11 18 Sept. 21,18(54 Osborne, Peter S " IS Sept. 12,1864 Porter, John L " 26 Oct. 10, V864 Pugh, Joseph C It 22 Sept. 16,1864 278 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. iVamc. Parrish, Orin (died) I'ike, Lt'w is J Palmer, Jaiiu'S L Plinnan, Julius (Juinii, Pctor Kobinson, Coe O Rowlcs, Wm. T ^„. KidciKiur, Thomiis Ryan, Simon Rlkcr, Pony Simji.sdii, t'liarles (died) Spiafiui', Orin J Sol(\ I>avvrent:e K Sniitli, (ioorge H Stnrr, James Samjjson, John C .Skidmore, James B 8mead, Adelbert Snyder. Samuel (died)_. Slater, Wilson Saunders, John Tooler, John Vetter, Jacob Warren, Solomon S Wines, George (died) ._ Whitney, George Wells, Richard Wheeler, John Whistler, Daniel C Whitehead, Jacob Williamson, Thomas A__ Casbret, Peter Hamilton, William Murjiliv, Martin Weldy," David M Williams, George H Avery, John (died) Humphrey, David Henderson, Charles Sank. Private. Age. Entered Service. 41 IG Sept. 1, 1864 Oct. 7, 1864 4;i Oct. 13, 1864 19 Oct. 7, 1864 19 Oct. 13, 1864 IS 19 19 Sept. 19,1864 Sept. 2, 1864 Aug. 31,1864 19 Oct. 13, 1864 IS IS Sept. 30,1864 Oct. 6, 1864 23 Oct. 22, 1864 21 Oct. 21, 1864 27 Oct. 10, 1864 44 Oct. 13, 1864 30 :!9 Sept. 3, 1864 Oct. 21, 1864 19 Oct. 4, 1864 17 Oct. 10, 1864 18 Oct. 14, 1864 37 25 Sept. 21,1864 Oct. 18, 1864 44 Oct. 21, 1864 IS Oct. 3, 1864 IS Oct. 3, 1864 *>} Oct. 5, 1864 2S Oct. 18, 1864 27 49 Sept. 3, 1864 Oct. 6, 1S64 IS Oct. 4, 1864 25 33 Sept. 2, 1864 Oct. 25, 1864 •>•? Oct. 18, 1S64 20 Oct. 24, 1864 27 Oct. 22, 1864 36 Aug. 20,1864 Oct. 14, 1864 IS Oct. 8, 1864 23 Oct. 4, 1864 THE TOLEDO CADETS. In 1856, a Oomiiany of Militaiy Cadets was organized in Toledo, under the personal su- pervision of General Charles W. Hill, President of the Board of Education. That gentleman also had sole charge of their management and drill, in which he took a deep interest, and to which he devoted much lime and labor. The Com- pany was comjiosed wholly of such pupils in the Public Schools as maintained creditable standing therein. As early as July 29th of that year, the Cadets made a trip to Detroit on board the Steamer Arrow, where they were re- ceived and welcomed by the Mayor of that City, and were escorted from, the Boat by de- tachments of the Detroit Light Guards and Juvenile Washington Lancers to the Armory of the former Company. Thence they were escorted to quarters supplied for them at the Michigan Exchange. They remained at De- troht until August 1st. Meantime, thej received many expressions of interest and respect from the authorities, press and citizens of that City. They visited Windsor, Canada, accompanied by the Mayor and other citizens of Detroit, and were kindly received by the people of that Town. On the return from Detroit, the Cadets, through their Captain, Hamilton C. Colton, pre- sented to General Hill a Silver Cup, in expres- sion of their ajipreciation of his kindness and unremitted attentions to their Company. The Cadets maintained their organization with much efficiency until the outbreak of the llebcllion in 1861. At that time their numbers had increased to 87, nearly one-half of whom promptly gave to their countrj' the benefit of their military education, by volunteering their services in the Army and Navy of the Union. Following is the roster and roll of the Com- pany at the time the Eebellion broke out. The list also shows which members of the Company enlisted in the Nation's service and the capac- ity of the same, towit : Hamilton C. Colton, Captain ; 2d Lieutenant 84th O. V. I. Avery S. Hill, 1st Lieutenant. John A. Waite, Lieutenant. George Haskell, Lieutenant. Charles N. Stevens, (Lieutenant, 128th O. V. 1.) John Corlett, Lieutenant. John G. Avery, (14th O. V. I.) Anderson, Frank W. Bugs, Wra. H. Brownlee, James, ( 14tli and 84th O. V. I.) Backus, William W. *Bond, Charles P. Bond, Wm. (67th and 14th O.V.I, and 7th U.S.A.) Bliven, Robert, (U. S. Navv.) Bassett, Kd. A. (130th O. V. I.) Browne, Ed. F. (Navy, 19th Bat. and 1st U. S. Art.) Brooks, Charles L. (130th O. V. I.) Blakeley, Bert. Breynian, George. Brown, Egbert, (189th O. V. I.) Breed, Cyrus W. (U. S. Navy.) Brigham, Stanley F. Breed, George. Brown, George, (S4th and 14th O. V. 1.) Chesbro, Charles P. (2oth N. J. V. I.) *Curtis, Theodore, (Captain 67th O. V.I. and Brevet Major. ) Collins, Holdridge. Collins, Woolsey. Cuddy, William,' (14th O. V. I.) Commager, Frank Y. (Navy and Army.) Commager, David II. (Lieutenant 184tb O. V. I.) Colton, Alpheus F. Colb)', George F. Dodd, E. S. (Lieutenant 14th 0. V. I.) Dorr, Milton. Dunham, Sumner. Emmick, Vincent J. (84tb and 130th O. V. I.) Freeman, Gus. Farley, G. E. (14thO. V. 1.) Hamlin, Ed. (130th O. V. I.) *Hamlin, Fred. (K'.dth O. V. I.) Herrick, F. Cooper, (Bat. II. 1st O. V. L. A.) Haskell, Fred. (130th O. V. I.) HoUoway, Alvin. *Hazlett., George, (14th and (i7th O. V. I. and Kith U. S. Inf.) Jones, Nathan, (5th N. Y. V. I.) Jones, Charles H. (14th O. V. I.) *Kirk, Walter B. (Lieutenant 14th O. V. I.) Kraus, Max. Kraus, Otto. Ketcliam, John B. 2d. *Laughlin, James H. *Lounsbury, Levi (14th 0. V. I.) APPENDIX TO CHAPTER II. 279 Lloyd, E. S. McKee, John M. Millard, Charles. McLeary, Ed. Mertz, Charles. Pike, Albert. Parmelee, William E., Jr. (Lieut. Bat. II, 1st O. V. L. A.) Potter, Emory D., Jr. Roemer, Henry C. (Captain 14th and ISi'd O, V. I.) Russell, Jerome H. Rich, Henry. *Rayraond, J. Morton (Lieut. 21st Ohio Bat.) *ReddinK, Alex. Saltonstall, Dudley E. Scott, Albert E. (Bat. H, 1st O. V. L. A.) Saltonstall, J. W. Stebbins, Charles. Spencer, Charles L. *Scott, Isaiah. Shepard, Charles G. Southard, Thomas J. Stevens, Frederick (l:!Oth O. V. I.) *Steednian, Louis (Lieutenant — . ) *Stephan, Jo. *Scott, Charles B. Thomas, Jerome B. (14th O. V. I.) Tavlor, II. Burt. (Lieutenant 195th O. V. I.) Waite, C. C. Waite, Ed. F. Wenning. Louis. Witticli, Charles. Waggoner, Ralph H. (l?,nth O. V. I.) *Wal)iridge, W. Hunt (.S4th (). V. I.) Walbridge, Dudley. ♦Deceased. The organization of the .Scliool Cadets ceased with the opening of the War, and a.s such was never revived. As already shown (page 89), an organization known as the Toledo Zouave Cadets, was formed, and officers elected for it, but it never entered the military service. In 1871, a Company, like the former com- posed of young men, and taking the name of" Toledo Cadets," was organized by Captain Josiah W. White, who was instructor of the same. In 1872, the Comjjany took the name of Myers Cadets, continuing as such until it was disbanded in 1876. In November, 1877, the Company was reor- ganized as the Toledo Cadets, with the follow- ing officers : Captain, Wm. V. McMaken ; First Lieutenant, Wm. R. Worts ; Second Lieuten- ant, Kdward A. Hoffman. This organization continued until March 17, 1879, when it was mustered into the State service as an unattached Company of Ohio National Guard, being the only organization in the State holding that re- lation. The officers iinder such arrangement have been as follows : Captain — William V. McMaken. First Lieutenant — AVilliam R. Worts, to March \, 1883; William H. Cook, since March 1, 1883. Second Lieutenant — Horace CJ. Uerber, to March 1, 1880; William H. Cook, to March 1, 1883; H. G. Gassaway, to July 3, 1885; Wm. F. Mack, to June 0, 1880; Frank Datesman, to March 12, 1887; Thomas T. Watters, since March 12, 1887. OFFICERS AND MEMBERS, 1887. Captain, Wm. V. McMaken. First Lieutenant, William H. Cook. Second Lieutenant, Thomas T. Watters. SEROEANTS. 1. William F. Johnson. 2. Eugene W. Gage. 3. DeWitt C. Linn. 4. Graham B. i.ownsbury. Color, Benjamin 1). Vail. Quartermaster, Arthur W. S. Irvinj; CORPORALS. 1. Richard K. Rundell. 2. Joseph P. Hutchison. 3. Sheridan E. Law. 4. P. Carlton Walker. 5. Edwin C. Frisbic. Breymanii, Fugene. Brophv, Stei)lieii. Cochran, Witt K. Caine, (Iharles A. Durian, Charles II. Hansen, Samuel. Howell.s, Frank I. McC'utcheon, Fred. D. Atwill, William II. Brigham, William A. Chapman, Harry M. Cowles, Willard F. Cooke, Frank S. Goodall, Harry H. Harroun, Robert E. Hooper, Harrison S. McKecknie, Clarence E. Maxon, liruce E. Morris, Fred. P. Parsons, iMigene S. Parsons, John J. Paine, Charles S. Paine, George P. Perriu, Arthur W. Pixley, Edwin 1. (iuine, Fred. K. Ray, Pliny C. Uavmer, James ¥.. Rowley, Arthur F. Smith, Mark M. Spielbusch, John II., Jr. N'inceut, James B. Welbon, William G. Whittinghaui, Thomas H. Waite, George T. Since the organization of I lie Company it has taken part in several competitive drills, of more or less importance. In 1878, it won the championship of Toledo, and in 1879, that of Northwestern Ohio. In 1880, it took the second prize in a strongly contested drill at Galion, Ohio. It took the first prize ($1,000) at the Inter- State drill, at Detroit, Michigan, in June, 1882, against 15 Companies. In September, 1882, it secured the second prize ($1,000) at the Tri- State Fair drill, at Toledo. The Company took part in the National drill at Washington City, in May, 1887, in which 34 Companies competed. The seventh position was accorded to it, under the rules established by the Judges ; while tlie judgment of the audience and the expressions of the public press would have justified the as- signment of the first prize to the Cadets. In June, 1887, at Findlay, the Com])any took tlie first prize (11,000) and championsiiip of Ohio, in a competitive drill. This organization, as each of its predecessors, has always shared liberally in the favor and support of the citizens of Toledo, who have felt special jiride in its professional success, and even more in the exceptional moral tone and demeanor which have distinguished it, at home and abroad. PART IV. GOVERNMBNTAL. i» CHAPTER I. PDiiLtc i.Msrns. AMONG the delicate and ombarrassing ques- tions whicli arose in setting in operation the new order of Government after the Revo- lutionary War, was that of title to the vast domain of wild territory stretching from the settlements in New York, Pennsylvania, and Virginia, to the Mississippi River. The diffi- culty consisted in tlie conflicting claims of the United States Government and those of the States, and especiallj' Virginia and (Connecti- cut, whose charters from the Crown of Eng- land covered the larger portion of such lands. The question was made the more serious, by the fact that the States which had no such territory, remonstrated against the claim as unjust, inasmuch as the title to the lands had been secured by the common sacrifices of all the States. The case was finally settled by the cession of the territory in question to the United States by the several States — Virginia yielding up her claim to the vast territory Northwest of the Ohio, and Connecticut her claim to the same, save the district along Lake Erie, known as the " Connecticut Reserve." This action was followed by legislation by Congress, looking to the sale of the territory thus ceded. The first plan was to sell in quantities of two million acres each, based upon the idea of colonies or settlements under the purchasers of such tracts. The Ohio Company, on the Muskingum River, made the first pur- chase of this sort. vSubsequently the quantity was reduced to one-million tracts, when John Cleves Symmes, of New Jersey, and associates, bought that quantity between the Miami Rivers, in ^Southwestern Ohio, and adjoining the Ohio Company's tract. In 1785, a tract on the Ohio Riverand the Pennsylvania line, con- sisting of seven ranges of Townships five miles square, was surveyed and offered for sale in quarter Townships. This policy of sales in large tracts was not successful, for the reason that it did not hold out requisite inducements for immigration by the class of people neces- sary' to the desired settlement. Hence, in 1796 Congress reduced the quantity of salable lands to Sections of one mile square in alter- nate Townships, and to quarter Townships of throe miles square in the residue of the lauds. This plan working but little better than the others, Congress in 1800 directed the subdi- vision of these lands for sale in half-sections of 320 acres, and for the first time opened Land Offices in the vicinities of the lands thus pre- pared for .sale — Cincinnati, Marietta, Chilli- cothe and Steubenville being selected for such offices. The Indian title to all lands in Ohio, except in the Northwest, having been relin- quished, immigration at once became active, and the Eastern, Northern and Soutiiern sec- tions were rapidly settled. Still, the .smallest tract to be had of the Government was a Sec- tion, or 640 acres. Ere long another redu<-ti()n was made in the minimum of sale, and (piartcr sections of 160 acres, could be bought at 82.00 per acre, on a credit of five j-ears, 40 days be- ing allowed for the first payment of 20 per cent. This arrangement at once gave such activity to settlement, that in 1802 there was ])opnla- tion sufficient to justify the organization of a State Government for Ohio. Still, the land system of the Government was not a success, for the reason that a very large portion of purchases under the credit plan were made with the expectation that the lands could be made to produce means for all but the earliest payments. This was true of those buying for improvement and cultivation, as well as of speculators. The result was general disap- pointment on the part of purchasers, and the accumulation of an immense debt to the Gov- ernment, said to exceed in amount the entire money in the Western vStates. By 1820, this indebtedness on lands purchased in the West reached the sum of 122,000,000, and was ra]iidly increasing through accruing interest,with little prospect of becoming less; while its eifect upon purchasers was to paralyze enterprise and im- provement of every sort and to threaten general bankruptcy. So serious did the. situa- tion become, that Congress was forced to action for relief To Jacob Burnet of Cincinnati seems due the credit of the plan adopted. He drew up a memorial to Congress, setting forth the facts of the case, including the utter hope- lessness of relief under existing conditions, and proposing that purchasers be allowed to sur- render their contracts, select such portions of their purchases as they might choose, and ap- plj' on the same the amounts of payments al- ready made, back interest being released by the Government. This scheme was ado))tecl, and with it an important change in the land system, under which all lands were to be sold for cash down only, with the price reduced from S2.00 to 81.25 ])er acre, with the minimum sales fixed at cightli-sections of 80 acres each. This brought iinmediate and material relief to the entire West, and greatly stimulated settle- ment by actual owners of the lands they occu- [283] 284 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. pied. Thus had the quantity of purchasable land been reduced from :i,0()(),000 to 80 acres, and the price from $2.00 to S1.25, at which the cost has remained to this time. But these are not tlie only particulars in which settlement has been encouraged. The policy of pre-emp- tion by actual occupation has operated largely to ))ro"mote immigration and the development of tiie great Westfsince by such policy the poor- est settlers have been enabled to obtain homes without co.st of purchase, a wonderful change from the policy under which all settlers were subjected to dependence on the few speculators who were enabled to purchase large tracts of lands from the Government.* In this connection, and as an important agency in the work of settlement and develop- ment of the great West, may be mentioned the policy of the Government under which grants of lands were made to a large number of cor- porations, as inducement for the construction of Eailwaj-s through the National domain, chiefly in anticipation of settlement and of traffic requisite tor the support of such improve- ments. Without liere undertaking to enter upon a history of this action by the Govern- ment, or upon a discussion of the arguments, ^roand con,, used in such connection, it is suf- ficient to say, that on the whole, such policy has operated to the advantage of the country. Commencing with the grants to the Illinois Central Railroad, under which that great trunk line was run from the Northern points to the Southern extreme of that State, at the very time when such medium for market and travel was indispensable to the early development of the rich prairies, which otherwise must have long continued without settlement, the emi- nent success of this experiment operated strong- ly to extensive employment of land-subsidies which soon followed. There probably is not a single Western State — as there certainly is not a Western Territory — which has not enjoyed in greater or less degree the benefits of this ex- *Burnet's "Notes of the Northwe.stern Territory," p. 394. traordinary stimulus to settlement and growth. In fact, there is not a Territory, and scarcely a State, that is not indebted to this aid for its advancement ; and but for which the great bodj^ of the present West and Northwest would to-day be the haunts of the roaming savage and of the wild buftalo. This is not the popu- lar view to express of this matter, the more generallj' acceptable understanding being that Hallway land-grants were mere gratuities to corporations, without warrant in any public interest. Few seem to consider, that the great development and wealth of the Western re- gions are the direct product of the enterprise encouraged bj' subsidies. The greatly appre- ciated values of the lands held by the Railroad Companies, are cited as evidence of excessive bounties; whereas, these values are due wholly to the extraordinary enterprise which alone could secure the investment of capital necessarj' to the settlement requisite for such advanced values. That unwise grants have been made, is quite true; but such exceptions the more fully establish the rule. It may here be prop- erly stated, that the policy of land-grants has now prett}' much entirelj' ceased to be a neces- sary aid in Railway construction, the sections in which such are demanded being very few in number and without much importance. The first sales of Government lands in North- western Ohio, took place at the Land Office at Wooster, Ohio, in the year 1817. One embraced the Reservation of two miles square at the foot of the Rapids of the Sandusky River (now Fre- mont), and occuri'ed on the first Monday of July ; and the other consisted of the Reserva- tion of 12 miles square, at the foot of the Rapids of the Maumee River, and took place on the third Tuesday of the same month. Atthefor- mer sale was purchased the tract on which the Town plat of Croghansville, on the East side of the Sandusky River, and now included within Fremont, was soon thereafter laid out; and at the latter sale was purchased the lands on which Port Lawrence (Toledo), fyid Orleans (Fort Meigs) were at once laid out. CHAPTER II. CIVIL GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHED. CIVIL Goveriiinont for the territory now comprised within the County of Lueas, began with the organization of the County of Wayne, by proclamation of Governor St. Clair of the Northwest Territor}' in 179(3, which em- braced all of what is now Northwestern Ohio and the lower Peninsula of the present State of Michigan. "While this is true, it is also true, as elsewhere shown, that at that time and for liO }-ears thereafter, and until the Indian title to all of Northwestern Ohio was extinguished, there was practically no such government there. Wayne was the third County thus created, Washington, organized in 1788, and Hamilton in 17',K), being its pi'edecessors. In 1803, the 3-ear following the organization of the State Government of Ohio, the County of Greene was established, including this part of the State. In 1805, Logan County was formed, embracing the present Counties of Sandusky, Seneca, Wyan- dot, Marion, Hardin, Hancock, Wood, Lucas, Fulton, Henry, Putnam, Allen, Auglaize, Van Wert, Pauliling, Williams and Defiance, entire ; and the most of the Counties of Ottawa, Craw- ford, Morrow, Logan, Union, Shelby and Mer- cer. It will be borne in mind, that prior to the treaty with the Indians at the foot of the Rapids of the Maumee, in 1817, all this section, save the few Eeservations of the treaty of Greenville (1705), was within the Indian Ter- ritory and not subject to civil authority. The state of things in this respect during that pe- riod of 22 3" ears, is indicated by the accompany- ing section of a map of the State of Ohio, pub- lished in 1815. From that, the lines of demar- kation between civil government and savage domination, will be readily seen. Within the territory thus wholly given up to Indian ])os- sossion and use, was found in 1880, a thriving population of nearly 600,(100 white inhabitants, while there was then probably not left a single representative of the powerful tribes so long undisjiuted in their possession of the country named. The contrast of results of civilization and barbarism, could hardly be more clearly pi'esented, than is done in the case of that ter- ritory during the unrecorded centuries of In- dian control and the 70 years of white pos- session. The first officer exercising civil authority in the Maumee Valle}', was Amos Spafibrd, Collec- tor of Customs for the District of Miami, ap- pointed by President Madison in 1810. The Collector's office was at Maumee. In 1814 his fees amounted to $2.50; his rent for office, $10.00; and his fuel and stationery, $15.75; a total charge to the Government for the year of $28.25. The first Postoffice established between the Eiver Raisin (Monroe, Mich.) and Ijower San- dusky (Fremont), and between the Maumee Bay and the present site of Chicago, was located on the Westerly or Maumee side of the .Mau- mee River, opposite the location of Fort Meigs, subsequently built. The first Postmaster within that territory was Amos Spafford, whose commission bore date of June 0, 1810. In 181(), Almon Gibbs was Postmaster at that point, his pay for that year having been $14.28. The few settlers in this vicinity suffered se- verely upon the breaking out of the war of 1812, from Indian depredations upon their lim- ited property, and after the close of the war, they presented to the Government claims for compensation for such losses, which included those of Amos Spafford, Samuel H. Ewing, Jesse Skinner, Daniel Hull, Thos. Dick, Samuel Ewing, Wm. Carter, James Carlin, Oliver A. Armsti-ong, Geo. Blacock, James Slawson, Wm. Peters, Ambrose Hickox and Richard Sifford. Among the claims made, was that of James Carlin, of $110 for dwelling- house or cabin burned, $58 for blacksmith shop burned, $30 for a colt 2 years old, taken by Wyandot Indians. Oliver Armstrong claimed $(30 for a horse taken from him. Beside these were losses of barns, outhouses and dwell- ings; wheat of six acres in a barn burned; 4 tons of hay, clothing, bed-clothing, etc. The aggregate of the claims made was between $4J00() and $5,000. For the purpose of bring- ing the matter definitely to the attention of C^ongress, a meeting of the claimants was held at the house of Amos Spaftbrd, November 8tli, 1815, when Mr. Spafford and Captain Daniel Hull were appointed a committee to wait ujion General W. H. Harrison, then soon to ])as8 through to Detroit, and request his co-operation in securing the allowance of their claims. Under such appointment Major Spati'oi'tl visit- ed Washington, and succeeded in securing par- tial damages for the sufferers. These pioneer settlers were especiallj' unfortunate, being subject to three sources of loss — Indian and British depredations and the seizure of their crops for the use of the L^nited States troo])8. Most of the settlers were driven from the field of war, and remained abroad until the close of hostilities, when they returned, to begin anew without dwelling or other conveniences. Their first recourse for building material was to the [285] HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. NOETHWESTBEN OHIO IN 1817. few hulks of transports employed by the Gov- ernment, and the pickets and block houses of Fort Meigs. The strife for possession of these became active and somewhat bitter, and was ended by the torch of an incendiary, applied at night to the structures of the Fort, almost en- tirely destroying its remains. This depend- ence gone, the destitute settlers were without supplies for constructing buildings, except what the forest trees furnished, and with no means but the ax for making these available. To add to the serious trials to which these settlers were subjected, the title to the lands occupied by them was brought in question. These had been purchased, as parts of the 12 miles square Eeserve, under the treaty of Greenville, and as within a tract one mile square, which, by mistake, had been a second time ceded at the treaty of Brownstown, subse- quent to the purchase by the settlers. They had no more than become settled after their return at the close of the war, than Congress ordered the sale of the tract occupied by them. In a letter to President Madison on the sub- ject, Major Amos vSpatford made a strong ap- peal in behalf of these sufferers, and asked that the time and location of the sale might be so fixed, that they could have opportunity for se- curing the lands held by them. In his letter Major Spattbrd said : " Should the time not be known, or the place of sale be so remote that myself and others could not attend, all would be lost. First, burned by the eneniy; secondly, destroyed by our own Array; and thirdly, sold out by an act of Government, to whom we don't know. This would be the last sacrifice that we could possibly make." The sale was finally held at Fort Meigs, the settlers CIVIL GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHED. 2S7 obtaining titles to tlieir lands without competi- tion. Upon the release of the Indian title in 1817, this region was first brought under full State authority. The first Township organization here was that of Waynesfield, in ISlti, ombrac- iug only the reservation at the foot of the Eap- ids. The first election took place at the house of Aurora Spaftbrd, 25 electors then vot- ing. Upon tlie surrender of Indian possession, in 1817, the County of Logan was organized, with its seat of justice at Bellefontaine. It embraced this region. In 1820 were formed tlie Counties of Wood, Williams, Putnam, San- dusk}', Seneca, Crawford, Marion, llardiii and Hancock, all from the old Indian territory. Wood County included a portion of the present Lucas County, embracing Toledo. The first Court to convene in the Valley of the Maumee, was held at Maumee City, May 3, 1820, that be- ing the seat of justice. It was composed of President Judge George Tod (father of the late Governor David Tod), and Associate Judges Br. Hoi-atio Conaut, Peter G. Oliver and Samuel Vance. The Grand Jurors for the term were Wni. H. Bostwick (foreman), Aaron Granger, John T. Baldwin, Parris M. Plum, Aurora Spatford, Jeremiah Johnson, Wm. Pratt, Kichard Gunn, Collister Haskins, Epiiraim H. Learning, Josephus Tilor, Daniel Murray, John HoUister, John J. Lovett and Norman L. Freeman. The first session of the Board of Commis- sioners of Wood County, a.ssembled April 12th, 1820, in Almon Gibbs's store building in Mau- mee. They were : Samuel H. Ewing, David Ilubbell and John Pray. The Board at that time appointed William Pratt County Treasu- rer. May 3d, Seneca Allen, then County Audi- tor, was appointed Clerk to the Board, and David Hull filed hie bond as Sheriff. C. G. McCurdy was then the Prosecuting Attorney, and Thomas R. McKnight, Clerk of the Court. . General John E. Hunt was Assessor of property taxation; and David Hull, Tax Collector. At this session Prosecuting Attorney McCurdy was paid $20, the allowance of the court for services at its first session; and Thomas R. McKnight 123, as Clerk at the same session; Almon Gibbs was allowed 140 for the use of his building as the Court House for one jear from May 3d, 1820; J. E. Hunt, 811.28 for services as Lister of taxable property and House Appraiser; and Hunt & Forsyth $lG.12i for stationery. This session was held at Maumee. August 12, 1820, the Board, on petition of citizens of Damascus, Henry County (not then organized), that Township was temporarily attached to the Township of Auglaize, then in Wood County. In December, 1820, the County Commission- ers were John Pray, David Hiibbell and John E.Hunt. In March, 1822, the Commissioners appointed Thomas W. Powell County Auditor, and in June following, Walter Colton (father of the late Carlos Colton of Toledo) was ap- pointed County Treasurer. The Countj'-Seat of Wood Count}- having been removed from Maumee to I'errysburg, the Commissioners met at the latter place, March 19, 1823, for the purpose of prejjaring suitable County buildings. The Board then consisted of John Pray, Samuel Spaftbrd and Hiram P. Barlow. At that session so much of the Township of Auglaize as was ('(jntaincd in the unorganized County of llenr}' was set off and organized into a Township by the name of Damascus; and so much of the Town- ship of Waynesfield as was included in the unorganized County of Hancock, was set off into a Township and named Findlay, the first election in which was held at the house of Wilson Vance, July 1, 1823. At the .same time the Townshijj of Perrysburg was organized, to include so much of Waynesfield Township as then lay South of the channel of the Maumee River, from the West line of the County, to the line between the original surveyed Townships one and four in the United States Reserve; thence the North channel to the State line. At the session of the Board held in March, 1824, the claim of Guy Nearing (uncle of Mars Nearing of Toledo) and Daniel Hubbell, for erecting the Court House at Perrysburg, was allowed. The population of the County of Wood in 1820 was 7.32, and l,o;)(f in 1830. The taxable valuation in 1820 was 188,880; of which $40,704 was in real estate, $23,230 in town lots and buildings, and $24,952 in personal pi-op- erty. Port Lawrence as a Township of Monroe County, Michigan, was organized May 27, 1827. Among the first officers of the Township were, N. A. Whitney, John G. Forbs and Daniel Murray, Assessors ; J. V. D. Sutphen, Clerk ; John T. Baldwin, Supervisor; Tibbals Bald- win, Collector ; John Walworth and Coleman I. Keeler, Overseers of Poor ; Kli Baldwin and William Wilson, Commissioners of Highways ; John Roots and Tibbals Baldwin, Constables; and Benj. F. Stickney, Pound Master. At this first Township election 29 votes were cast, by the following electors, to wit: John T. Bald- win, J. V. D. Sutphen, Noah A. Whitney, John G. Forbs, Daniel Murray, Tibbals Bald- win, John Walworth, Eli Hubbard, Coleman I. Keeler, Wm. Wilson, Alvin Kvans, John Roop, Cyrus Fisher, Wm. Mills, B. F. Stickney, John Baldwin, Seneca Allen, Amos Wait, Win. Wilkerson, Wm. Sibley, Amasa Bishop, Charles' Richards, Jesse Mills, Josei)h Prentice, Henry Phillips, Ebenezer Ward, Thos. I'. AVliitiiey, Wm. Holmes and Jacob Navarre. The Township embraced about one-half of the present Lucas County, and was divided into two Road Districts. The first Road laid out in the Township was in June, 1827. July 27, 1827, the annual Territorial election 288 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. was held, when Austin B. Wing was chosen Delegate to Congress, and Charles Noble as a member of the Legislative Council, both being residents of Monroe. March 30, 1830, the Koad Commissioners de- clared it to be of public utility to adopt the Territorial road, as it then ran from the mouth of Swan Creek to where it crosses the Township line on the North, as a public road. In 1828, $23.42 was paid for "destroying blackbirds;" and in 1832, a bounty of $2.50 each for Wolf scalps was voted. At the annual election of 1831, 59 votes were cast, and in 1833, 70 votes. At this latter elec- tion the names of Sanford L. Collins, Stephen B. Comstock, Oliver Stevens, Munson H. Dan- iels, and James M. Whitney appear on the poll-list. Of these, Messrs. Collins and Stevens are now (1887) living. In April, 1835, the election under direction of the Legislative Council of Michigan, was held at the School-house on Ten- Mile Creek Prairie. Horace Thacher and Stephen Haugh- ton voted at this time, the former being now a resident of Toledo. This was the last election held in the Township under anthority of Michigan; and the last recorded action under the same authority, consisted in laying out a road between Tremainesville and Toledo (now Cherry Street). Among the laws enacted for the territory now the site of Toledo, was the following. Its re-enactment by the Legislature of Ohio, might meet with more resistance than did the original action in this section: Be it enacted hi) the General Legislative Comicll of the Territory, That an_y Justice of the Peace, on convic- tion, may sentence any vagrant, lewd, idk' or disor- derly person.s, .stubborn servants, common drunk- ards, common night-walkers, pilferer.s, or any other persons wanton or licentious in speech, indecent behavior, common raiders or brawlers, such as neg- lect their calling or employment, misspend what* they earn, and do not provide for themselves or their families, to be whipped not exceeding ten stripes, or to be delivered over to the Constable, to be employed in labor, not exceding three months, by such Con- stable to be hired out for tlie best wages that can be jjrocured, the i^roceeds of which to be applied to the use of the poor of the ('ounty. Made, adopted and published at Detroit, the 27th day of July, 1818. Lewis Cass, Governor of the Territory of Michigan. CHAPTER III. THE DISPUTED BOUNDARY AND THE TOI.EDC) WAR. THE early histoiy of Toledo and of Lucas County is associated with the most serious question of boundary that has arisen within the Northwest. In fact, Toledo was a chief cause, as Lucas County was chiefly a result, of such dispute. The difficulty, as already intimated, arose in a disagreement as to the boundary line between the State of Ohio and the Terri- tory' of Michigan, and was the result of a lack of due care on the part of those who originally undertook to fix tiiat line. It was not, as gen- erally viuderstood, a dispute between Ohio and Michigan, as parties thereto, for the reason that the former, a sovereign State of the Union, could not, in the nature of the case, have such dispute with the latter, a Territor3-, the crea- ture of Congress and wholly subject, for both its existence and its condition, to the will of that body. The issue was between Ohio and the United States, and all done in the case in the name of Michigan Territory, was unau- thorized by any existing law. It was a ques- tion of boundary between the domain of a State and that of the Federal Government. The only "War" in that connection arose in the unwarrantable attempt of the Territorial authorities of Michigan to exercise authority which belonged not to them, but to the United States. The source and nature of that boundary question, will best be shown by a brief state- ment of the case. Under the Ordinance of 1787, the territory Northwest of the Ohio Eiver was given a temporary Government under the name of the Territory of the North- west. It embraced what now constitutes the States of Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin. The "Louisiana Purchase," includ- ing territory West of the Mississippi, was made subsequent to that time. In 1790, the Northwest Territory was composed of five Counties, with names and boundaries as fol- lows: Wayne — including the settlements on the Maumee, Eaisin and Detroit Elvers, with its seat of justice at Detroit ; Washington — comprising all that portion of the present State of Ohio, within 40 miles of the Ohio Elver and between the Little Miami and Mus- kingum liivers, with Mai'ietta for its County- seat ; Hamilton — embracing the region be- tween the Little and the Great Miami, and within 40 miles of the Ohio, with Cincinnati as the seat of justice; Knox — containing the counti-y near to the Ohio and between the Great Miami and the Wabash Elvers, having [289] Vincennes as its County-seat ; and St. (lair — embracing the settlements up(in the Illinois and Kaskaskia Rivers, as well as those ujion the Upper Mis8issi]>pi, tlu'. seat of justice being at Kaskaskia. By the ordinance of 17S7, it was ])r()vi(led, that when a State should be formed of the East- ern portion of the Territory, it would include the territory " l^'ing North of line di-awn East and West, through the Southern extreme of Lake Michigan," which should remain a por- tion of such State, until suci> territory should contain 60,000 inhabitants. In disregard of this provision, however, the enabling act of Congress (1802) jjroviding for the organiza- tion of the State of Ohio, fixed the Northern boundary of the proposed State on the line above mentioned, whereby what is now Michi- gan was excluded from the pro])osed State and attached to the Territory of Indiana, with its seat of government at Vincennes, a distant and very inconvenient point. This was ver3' unsat- isfactory to the inhabitants of that region, who j)rotested positively against it. It was not long, however (1805), before the Territory of Michi- gan was established, with its Capital at Detroit, which at once allayed all feeling on this sub- ject. Had the terms of the ordinance of 1787 been complied with, the Michigan Peinii- sula would have constituted a portion of Ohio until it shoidd have attained the requi- site (60,000) population for a State Gov- ernment. Different reasons were given for this unexpected exclusion of Michigan from Ohio, among which were the.se : 1st. An apprehen- sion that the oj)position of the inhabitants of that section to the ])roposed State Government, might prevent such movement. 2d. The fact that they were politically opposed to the exist- ing Administration (of President .lefFerson), whereby it was feared that, with them included, Ohio might start off politically a "Federal" State. Jacob Burnet, of Cincinnati, was a leading man in the Territory, and was polit- ically in sympathy with the excludeil people. Sol. Sibley, of Detroit, was a member of the Territorial Legislature, and August 2(1, 1802, he addressed to Judge Burnet a letter, bitterly characterizing the plan referred to. Among other things, he said: We thank our good friends, Judge Syninics ami ileigs and >Sir Tliomas, for what is done. They fore- saw that tlie County of Wayne would be a dead- weiglit against them. Unfortunately, the people of this County are too little practiced in false politics, tu 290 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. answer their purposes. You state in your letter, that you cannot boliovc that the " Convention will accept the law as it now stands, with the clogs that hang about it." 1 diU'ci- with you in opinion. Nay, I am pci'suailcd that were it ten tiiiu'S more degrading to the |icopl(' of the Tcri-itory than it is, it woulil be spi'i'dilv snatched at by a majority, wiiich, from the ex- chision'of the (lountyot Wayne, they are sure of. I will do everything within my power to stir up the citizens of Wayne County to claim their violated rights. There were several questions growing out of, and connected with the organization of the State of Ohio, which co-operated to cause mis- understanding and unkind feelings between the people of what is now Ohio and those of ilicliigan. In tlie first place, the general sen- timent seems to have been that the movement for tlie formation of a State Government was premature and unwise. It was not the act of the Territorial Legislature or of the people, as in other like eases; but solely that of Congress, not only without suggestion by the local autliorities, but against their known will, and upon the petition of a few individuals speaking only lor themselves. As already suggested, this state of things was then believed to be due to partisan ends sought in the formation of the State. Judge Burnet in his "Notes on the Northwestern Territory" .says that so strong was the jiopular feeling against Jefferson and for Mr. Adams in the bit- ter contest of 18(1(1, that there were in Hamilton County but four persons known to him as su))porting the former, to wit: Maj. David Zeigler, William Henry Harrison (afterwards President), Wm. McMillen and John Smith. The feeling in Wayne County, now Michigan, if anything, was even more decided in the .same direction. But the most serious of the results of the separation of Wayne County from Ohio in 1802, are not found in the partisan divisions of that da}-. They were developed in the ques- tion of houiidary, which assumed grave magni- tude several j-ears later. Of this, it will be fitting here to make as brief a statement as may be consistent with a projicr understanding of its merits : 1. As already stated, by the ordinance o£ 1787, cre- ating the Territory Northwest of the Ohio, the line provide, 1.S12. Sik: It appears to be the general wish of the people in this settlement (which consists of about 50 fami- lies), to luive the laws of the State of Ohio extencled over them, as we consider ourselves clearly witliin the limits of said State. The few who object, are those who hold offices under the Governor of Michi- gan, and are determined to enforce their laws. Tbis is considered by a great majority of the inlialiitants as usurpation of power which they are under no obli- gation to adhere to. If no adjustment should take place, I fear the contention will ere long become serious. Sir, will yon have tbe goodness to inform the people here, whether there has been any under- standing between the State of Ohio and the Governor of Michigan on the subject of jurisdiction, together with your advice. I am, sir, with high esteem. Your obedient servant, Amos Si'affokij, Collector of Port Miami. The declaration of War with England, which followed in June of that year, postponed action in this matter, beyond the passage of a reso- lution by Congress, directing a survey of the boundary line to be made. No stejjs to that end were taken until 1816-17, when Governor Cass, in behalf of Michigan, took measures to secui'e a survey. The consent of the Indians, who yet held most of tbe country through which the line would pass, was obtained by Major B. F. Stickney, by request of Governor Cass, when the General Land Office directed a Surveyor (William Harris) to run the line. When this was accomplished, it was discovered by Governor Cass that the Land Office had fur- nished the Survej'or with a copj- of the Con- stitution of Ohio, instead of the ordinance of 1787 or the enabling act of 1802, for his guide. To this Governor Cass made vigorous protest and complaint, when President Monroe directed a second line to be run due East from the Southern extreme of Lake Michigan. John A. Fulton was the Surveyor in this case. Hence, we have the " Harris line," as claimed by Ohio ; and the " Fulton line," as claimed on the part of Michigan. While the important question raised by these two lines was at the time recognized in Con- gress, as well as in Ohio and in Michigan, no stops were taken toward settling it for man}' years thereafter. Meantime, the disputed ter- ritory continued largely' under the jui-isdii-lion of Michigan. Now and then the matter would come up, as in 1821, when the Assessor of Waynestield Township, Wood County, Ohio, undertook to list for taxation the |)ropcrty of settlers between the Hari'is and Fulton lines. The fixct was, that the few settlers had enough to do, without stuilying |iolilical ([uestions. Thej' found forests to be felled, soil to be sub- dued, educational and religious advantages to be provided — in a word, the foundation ol civ- ilized society and the means of living, to he secured; and hence, had little time to examine or discuss a disputed b(jundary. That i[uestion would full soon enough become j)ractieal with them, without their agency in inviting the issue. It was not until the Northern outlet of the Miami and Erie Canal came up for deci- sion, that the boundary (jucvstion assumed an importance which could challenge the atten- tion of the resitlents. The connection of the two matters will be seen, from the fact, as then assumed, that the most desirable point for such terminus was at Toledo, within the dis- ])uted territory. The thought of Ohio con- structing so expensive a channel of trade, and then turning its tratlic into a Michigaii i)ort, was not to be entertained ; while Michigan, no doubt, was not a little anxious to avail herself of whatever advantage might thus be derived from a neighbor's necessity. Progress in the construction of the Canal was slow, the work having been siispendctl for several years after a large portion of the South- ern section had been made. The completion of the Ohio Canal in 18:'.;!, made the jieojile in- terested in the Miami and Erie very impatient ol delay; and as interest increased in the work, the question of the Northern outlet assumed more urgent shajjc. Dirt'erent i)lans were pro- posed for avoiding the " rugged issue '' of the boundary question. Thus, the Towns at the foot of the Rapids (Man nice City and Perrys- burg) could see no sufficient grounds for trouble in that conneciion, since the Canal could as well or even better be locked into the Iviver, and transhipment to Lake craft be made there, or the Canal Boats be towed to Toledo by the River. Hence, those Towns felt no solicitude on account of the boundary question, but on the contrary, i|uite the reverse. Then, again, the" Sandusky Bay Navigation Company" proposed to aid in the peaceful dis- posal of the Canal traffic. That cori)oralion was chartered by the Ohio Legislature dni-ing the winter of 1834-5, at the time when the outlet of the Canal was a pressing matter. The corporators were John G. Camp, Isaac Mills, Oran Follett* and AVilliam Neill, of Sandusky, * Mr. Follett is yet (1887) a resident of Sandusky. 292 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. who had then recently purchased a large por tion of tho plat of that City. The purpose of the Navigation Company was, so far as pos- sible, to make Sandusky the real terminus of the Miami and Erie anil the Wabash and Erie Canals. This was to be accomplished through a connection of the Maumee and Sandusky Bays, by means of a Canal across the Penin- fjula— Mud ('reek and Tortage River being u.sed for a portion of the way. The entire dis- tance between tlie Bay.s is about two miles. It was believed by the projectors of this enterprise, that thereby Sandusky might receive as mucli benefit from the Canals named, as would the points of termini on the Maqmee Eiver ; while the Lake voyage to and from the East would be shortened by seventy miles. No record is found of any steps taken toward the construc- tion of the " Sandusky and Maumee Canal." Referring to this feature of the controversy, Mr. Andrew Palmer, among the most promi- nent and influential of citizens of Toledo in support of Ohio's claim, says it should be noted that this was before the utility of Railroads had measurably superseded Canals ; and that there was among the earlier settlers of Toledo a strong conviction, that their success in build- ing up a Town depended largely upon secur- ing the terminus of the Wabash and Erie Canal — a work in which Indiana and Ohio were then about to embark. Coupled with this convic- tion, was the belief that there was a strong in- fluence being exerted at Detroit and Monroe, to thwart them in their efforts to build u]) a Town at Toledo ; that such was the chief motive for the adverse action of Miciiigan to the claim of Ohio to the disputed territorj', including tiie commercial harbor at the mouth of the Maumee ; and that such influence was sufficient to con- trol the authorities of Michigan. Such feeling on the part of Detroit and Monroe, it was be- lieved, had its source in the ajjprehension that should a commercial Town grow up at Toledo, it would seriously cripple the trade of those points, b}' taking from them the interior trade on which their growth so largely depended. On the other hand, Mr. Palmer says that the consideration which induced these Michigan rivals to desire to get Toledo from Ohio, operated with even greater force upon the people of Toledo to see their young Town ])er- manently fixed in Ohio. In this way he would explain much of the excessive zeal manifested bj- them in su])]iort of Ohio's claims. The discussion of ways and means of outlet, without necessity for disturbing the boundary question, only intensified the anxietj' of most of the Toledo people for prompt and vigorous steps for their own permanent location in Ohio. Without that, as they assumed, there could be no Canal for them. Among the active men of Toledo at that time, was Dr. Jacob Clark, who came early in 1834, and at once engaged in merchandising in what was known as " Lower Town " or Vistula. The Canal location was then pressing itself most urgently upon the residents, while the boundary question, as an element in the case, was no less absorbing. The State authorities, while anxious to proceed with the Canal, and fully satisfied that Toledo was the proper point for its outlet, were at the same time reluctant to force an issue, the result of which might be unsatisfactory. They were in just the state to need prodding. Dr. Clark tells how that timely service was performed. He states, that ill the Spring of 1834, three J'oung men came to Toledo — J. Baron Davis and J. W. Fellows, from Troy, New York; and James Irvine Browne, from Easton, Pennsylvania. The latter, as the agent of the proprietors, started the To- ledo Herald, in the Summer of 1834, that being the first paper published in Toledo, and the .second iu Northwestern Ohio. These three young men, with Dr. Clark, constructed a shanty, in which they lived, keeping " Bach- elor's Hall." The building stood near the cor- ner of Summit and Locust Streets. Here they spent a portion of the season of 1834. The Canal had then been located as far North as Maumee, where it was to be " locked into the River," and the question was whether it should be continued further North. The Engineer in charge of the work, had given as his opinion that the River between that point and Toledo was not navigable for the class of vessels which the trade would demand. Dr. Clark says the Canal location and the boundary question con- stituted the one absorbing theme of discussion with himself and his associates of tho shanty, as with all other residents of Toledo. Under such state of things, Mr. Davis obtained copies of the surveys of the Harris and Fulton lines of boundary. The Doctor says tlie two survej's were read aiul compared, when he remarked that Michigan had tlie best right— that the Fulton line, running .South of the City, seemed to lie tlie proper one. But Davis and the other men contended tliat the other survey was the correct one. Davis remarked, " Well, it doesn't matter ; we claim that the Northerly line is the boun- dary between Ohio and the Territory of Micliigan. It lias been in Congress for a number of years, and they have done nothing with it, and they never will until there is a fuss ; and tlie only thing that we can do to ■settle the question, is for us of Port Lawrence and Vistula to declare our.selves under the authority of Ohio, elect our judicial officers, wliich will arouse Micliigan, and tliere will be war, and we'll get up a stir and interest sutticient to have Congress settle .the boundar)- cjuestion. Ohio lias thirteen members of Congress; Michigan is a Territory with iittle repre- sentation, and as Congress is strongly Democratic, we can make it a political question, and shove the thing right through." Davis said this more in the way of a joke than otherwise ; but the joke was talked over, until ill a few days tlie discussion became quite a se- rious matter. A little reflection, however, showed them that tlic independent action tlius proposed for a mere liandful of residents, without power or in- fluence, might prove too much for them. The result of tlieir deliberations was, that tliev would communi- OHIO AND MICHIGAN BOUNDARY. 293 cate witli Governor Lucas on the subject, and ask him to extend the State's jurisdiction over the dis- puted territory, by ajipointing local oHicers. To this the Governor replied, that he possessed no authority for such action, but he would at its next session call the attention of tlu' Legislature to the matter, which body he had no doubt would take i)roper action in the prennses. This postponed all steps in the case until the next winter, and deferred the earnest hope of the Tole<.!o people for the same time. A public meeting was held at Toledo in No- vember, 1834, to consider the matter of the boundary question, and more specially to in- duce such action on the part of Ohio as should assert and maintain her proper jurisdiction over the disputed territory. The prevailing sentiment on that occasion was in that direc- tion, but it was not unamimous. Michigan was not without its supporters there. Among these was Captain Samuel Allen, who gave reasons why he favored the claim of Michigan. He said the geographical position of Toledo iden- tified it in interest with and made it ]irop- erly a part of Michigan. Tlie Black Swam]>, lying at the East and South, practically cut off Toledo from Ohio, with which for many years there could be but little communica- tion. On the other hand, the Town lay im- mediately on the border of the most im- proved portion of Michigan, with which it was already in direct communication by water, by Railroad and otherwise. In Michigan, Toledo would become " the pet " of the Ter- ritory, and of the State soon to be formed. To such strong points was opposed the single cf)nsideration of the Canals then in contempla- tion, which, as claimed, would come to Toledo if Toledo should be in Ohio, but not, if in Mich- igan. The thought of permitting the advan- tages to arise from those improvements to inure to Toledo's rivals — Maumee and Perrvs- burg — fully overcame Captain Allen's argu- ments, and controlled the sense of the meeting and its action in support of Ohio's claim. In accordance with his pi'omise, Governor Lucas called the attention of the Legislature to the importance of prompt measures for as- suming jurisdiction over the territory in ques- tion, and with such effect, that on the 2Hd of February, 1835, that body ])assed a law, assert- ing the claim of Ohio to all territory South of the Harris line, and a jmrjiose to enforce such claim. It was further provided, "that such part of the territory declared as being attached to the County of Wood, shall be erected into Townships, as follows : Such parts of ranges five and six as lie between the line run due East froni the Southern extremity of Lake Michigan and the line run from said Southern extremity to the most Northerly Cape of the Maumee Bay, be and the same is hereby erected into a separate and distinct Township, by the name of Sylvania ; and that all such parts of ranges seven and eight, together with the ter- ritory East of the Maumee River as lies between the line run from the Southerly extremity of Lake Michigan to the most Northerly Cape of the Maumee Baj', and between Lake Erie; and the line run East from the Southern extremity of Lake Michigan to Lake Erie, be and the same is hereby erected into a separate and dis- tinct Townshij) by the name of Foi't Ijawrcnce." It was further ])rovided, that elections be lu'hi in these Townshi])s on the first Monday of April, following, and the organization of the same be perfected. The same act ])rovided for the appointment of three Commissionei's, to run andre-mark the Harrisline. IJi'i Seely,of (icau- ga County; Jonathan Tayloi-, of Fiicking, and John Patterson, of Adams, were appointed fi>i' such service, which was to begin April 1, 1835. These proceedings on the part of the Ohio authorities, of course, did not fail to attract the attention of those of Michigan. The Secretary and Acting(TOvernor of that Territory (Stevens T. Mason) promptly sent to the Legislative Council a special message, a])prising that body of what was going on in Ohio, and advising action for defending what was assumed to be Michigan's claim in the case. The Council re- sponded on the 12th of Februar}-, in the enact- ment of a law, providing, " that if any person shall exercise or attempt to exercise any official functions, or shall officiate in any office or situ- ation within any part of the present jurisdic- tion of this Territory, or within the limits of any of the Counties therein, as at this time or- ganized, by virtue of any commission or author- ity not derived from the Territory or under the Government of the United States, every such person so offending, shall, for every such offense, on conviction thereof before any Court of Record, be punished bj' a fine notexceeding one thousand dollars, or by imprisonment at hard labor not exceeding five years, or both, at the discretion of the Court." Like penalt}' was provided for any person who should " accept of any office or trust from any State or authoi-- ity other than the Government of the United States or the Territory of Michigan." An elec- tion of officers for Port Lawrence Townshi]), under authority of Ohio, was held in Ajjril, 1835, but the persons then elected did not act as such, for the reason that it would provoke extreme measures on the part of Michigan. The con.sequenee was, that no taxes were levied forthatyear(1835) within the disputed territory'. This state of things made it important for the residents of the disj)uted territory to iden- tify themselves with one or the other of the claimants to their allegiance. They were not entirely unanimous on that point, as shown by a letter to Governor Ma.son from several resi- dents of Toledo. It was as follows : Monroe, March 12, 183.5. To Hon. Steveiu T. Mason, Acting Governor of Michigan Territory : We, the citizens of the Township of Port Lawrence, County of Monroe, Territory of Michigan, conceive 294 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. ourselves (by force of circumstances) in duty bound to apply for a special act of the Legislative Council, authorizing the removal of the place appointed for holding our Township meetings (elections). By a vote of the last Town meeting (18:U) our meeting of this year must be held at Toledo, on the Maumee River. We ai)prehend trouble, and perhaps a riot may be the consequence of thus holding the meeting in thi' heart of the very hot-bed of disaffection. We tlierefore jiray your ICxcellency and the Legis- lative Council to aid us in our endeavors to keep the peace and sustain our claims to the soil as part of the Territory of Michigan, by an act removing the place for the Town meeting trom Toledo to the School- house on Ten-Mile Creek Prairie, to be held on the — day of April, in preference to the usual day and place appointed. J. V. D. SUTPIIEN, Coleman I. Keeler, Cyru.s Fisher, Sami:ei, Hemmenway. Delegates from Port Lawrence to the County Conven- tion at Monroe. On the 9tli of March, 1835, Governor Mason addressed General Joseph W. Brown, in com- mand of the Third Division of tlie Michigan Militia, a letter, in which he said : You will perceive that a collision between Ohio and Michigan is now inevitalile, and you will therefore be prepared to meet the crisis. The (iovornor of Ohio has issued a proclamation, but I have neither received it, nor have I been able to learn its tendency. You will u.se every exertion to obtain the earliest informa- tion of the ndlitary movements of our adversary, as I shall assume the responsibility of sending you such arms, &c., as may be necessary for your successful operation, without waiting for an order from the Secretary of War, so soon as (.)hio is properly in the field. Till then, 1 am compelled to await the direc- tion of the War Department. In accordance witli these in,structious, Gen- eral Brown issued a letter to the Militia of Michigan, stating that — The cri.sis anticipated by tlieir Commander-in- Chief had arrived; that it had become our duty to .sustain the executive and tlie civil authorities on our Southern border, and to protect our soil and laws from the encroachment of a powerful neighboring State, manifestly resolved to violate both. Your ser- vices will soon be required in the field. The under- signed is commanded to say, that if there is an officer iu the Michigan Militia, who hesitates to stake life, /(/rtune and honor in the struggle now before us, he is required promptly to tender his resignation, in order that his place may be more efficiently filled. The Division (.iuarteruiaster of the Third Division (Major Ullman) will forthwith insiicct the arms, amnninition and military stores at Tecumseh, Mottvilleand Niles, and report to the General commanding the Divi.sion the amount and condition thereof. He will also cause the whole to be transported immediately from the latter named depots tri headquarters at the Village of Jlonroe. Henry Sndth, Esq., is appointed Division Inspector ; Daniel S. Bacon, Ksq., Division Paymas- ter ; and Charles Noble, Esq., Aide-de-Camp to the General of the Division. General Brown's address closed with this stirring appeal : Fellow-citizens ! A cause which has the sanction of the highest authority in our Nation, as well as the laws of our Territory, must be sustained by us, and will meet the approbation of all in our common country, who respect our institutions and who are capable of appreciating the ju.st claims of the weaker and injured party, when they are sought to be borne down and trampled ujion by mere ph5'sical force. We cannot submit to invasion of our soil. We are deter- mined to rejiel with force whatever strength the State of ( )hio may attempt to bring into our Territory to sustain her usurpation, and let the consequences which may follow, rest on the guilty heads of those who attempt to ileprive us by force of our rightful juri.sdiction. March 31st, Governor Lucas, accompanied by his Military Staff and the Ohio Boundary Commissioners, reached Perrysburg, on their way to re-mark the Harris line as directed by the Legislature. Tiie Governor had made pro- vision for jnilitary support in such movement, and General John Bell, of Lower Sandusky (now Fremont), then commanding the Seven- teenth Division of Ohio Militia, soon arrived and mustered into service a volunteer force of .some (iOO men, who went into camp at old Fort Miami, on the West side of the Maumee River, and lielow Maumee City. The force consisted of fivcCompanies of the First Regiment, Second Brigade, Seventeenth Division, under command of Colonel Matthias Vanfleet. These were com- manded by Captain J. Austin Scott, of the I'errysburg Company ; Captain Stephen S. Gilbert, of the Maumee Company'; Captain John Pettinger, of the Waterville Company ; Captain Felton, of the Gilead Company; and Captain Granville Jones, of the Lucas Guards, a Toledo Independent Company. These num- bered about 300 men. With them was part of a Regiment from Sandusky County, command- ed by Colonel Lewis Jennings ; and a fractional Regiment, from Seneca and Hancock Counties, commanded by Colonel Henry C. Brish, of Tiffin. To the address of Willard V. Way, Esq., of Perrysburg, delivered before the River Raisin (Micliigan) Historical Society in 18()7, the writer is indebted for nianj^ valuable facts in this connection. He gives an amusing account of the recruiting of Captain Scott's Companj-, as follows : It so hapjiened that at the time of Governor Lucas's arrival and demand for military support, Jiulge David Higgins was holding Court at Perrysburg. Captain Scott had employed a vigorous drummer, named Odle, for the purpose of awakening the requisite spirit of patriotism among the men of the place. Ac- companied by a man carrying the National flag, Odle marched up and down the street, beating his drum with incessant vigor. (!)n his route was the Court- house, and Juast would nevei' strike the ter- ritorial line between the United States and Canada, but pass thi-ongh the Counties of Huron, Cu3-ahoga, Geatiga and Ashtabula, to the Pennsylvtmia line, some 'ill or 30 miles South of Lake Krie — thus letiving a slriji of such width between the Northern boundary of tlic State and the Lake. The (iovernor also called attention to the fact, that while neither House of Congress had ever expressed an o|iin- ion atlvcrse to the claim of Ohio, there had been, after full investigation by the .hidiciary Committee of the Senate, an able report in favor of such claim, and a bill to that effect, twice passed ])y that body; while the House Com- mittee on Territories, March 11, 1834, declared additional legislation on the subject unneces- sary. Governor Lucas also called attention to the important fact, that in the admission of Indiana to the Union, subsequent to that of Ohio, that State was allowed to extend its Northei'n boundary considerably North of the Southern extremity of Lake Michigan. To recapitulate, it may be stated, that the fact of a disputed boundary was recognized very soon after Ohio became a State. As early as 18(17, the Legislature of that State aoints and facts. The immediate matter in hand was the " bill to settle and establish the Northern boundarj- line of the State of Ohio," which provided " that the Northern boundary of the State of Ohio, shall lie established by and ex- tend to, a direct line running from the Southern extremity of Lake Michigan to the most Northerly Cape of tlie Miami Bay; thence Northeast to the Northern boundary line of the United States; and thence, with said line, to the Pennsylvania line." The result of the Committee's investigation was to the effect, that aside from the declaration made in the constitution, the State of Ohio could have no claim to the line therein set forth. Thus, the wholequestion turned upon the validity of that declaration as a basis for the claim made by Ohio; while such basis could not be valid, without the " assent of Congress." Hence, again, arose the question. Did the admission of Ohio into the Union, with such constitution, constitute the recjuired " assent of Congress " to the boundary stated ? The Senate Com- mittee concluded its full examination of that question in the following language : We do not hesitate, then, to express our conviction, that, while Congress has not yet, in terms, declared its satisfaction with the line now contended for by Ohio, as her Northern boundary, it has, in the most solemn manner, iiccepted her Stale Constitiition, recog- nized it, as made pursuant of a lawful authority to make it, conferred by an act which reserved the right to annex to Oliio, at any future period, a country embracing the whole territory in dis|>ute ; and has, by these means, assented to the terms of the proviso, which is one of the essential features of the constitu- tion. We say essential, because everything regard- ing her boundaries, touches her sovereignty— her very being, as an independent State. We hold tliat, by the acceptance of this constitution, Congress undertook, that if the fact should be hereafter .satis- factorily ascertained that the Southerly bend or ex- treme of Lake jNIichigan extends so far South, that a line drawn due East from it must intersect Lake Erie East of the Miami of the Lake, then, with the assent of Congress, the Northern boundary should be the very boundary described in the bill before the Com- mittee. And while we negative the assertion of the right to the line, contained in the resolution referred to us, considcrci-obably was delayed for six months. A ])rominent, if not the controlling, consideration in the matter, w'as the sleci)less jealousy of Southern ])oliti- cian.s, with whom it had come to be settled, that no Free State should lie added to the Union, unless associated with a new Slave State, to the end that ei|uilibriun\ in the jiolit- ical power of Freedom and of Slavery might be ])reserved. This fact will cx])lain the pi-ece- denco given the Benton bill over the Clayton bill in the Hou.se. The same spirit of jealousy was constantly manifested as long as Slavery continued to be a cause of sectional discord. To the sanie fell spirit was the country subse- quently indebted for the annexation of Texas, in order that additional territory for Slave States might be obtained ; and to the same, for the like object, the Mexican Wai-; and neither of these recourses being found effective, iis a last resort came the attemj)t, through the re- peal of the Missouri Coni]>romise, to subject Free territory to the establishment of Slave States. It was the failure of this device that drove the Slaveholding power to the filial mad- ness of rebellion and an attempt to desti'oy the Union it was no longer able to control to its purposes, nnd led to the sudden and total de- struction of the interest so long and so despe- ratelj- defended. In this connection, the particulars of the Michigan forces as furnished by the ])ay-roll of her soldiers, now among the archives of that State, will be of interest. That roll gives the name of ever}' soldier (officer and ])rivate), the amount of pay received, and in most cases, his receipt therefor. The list has the names of 1,100 men. The pay of Major-fieneral Brown, Commander of the Territorial ai'my, was §200 per month. Ho had for Aido-de-Camp, Al- pheus Felch, afterward Governor and ITnited States Senator, who received §50 pei- month. (Jolonels were paid $75, Captaiiis $40, Lieuten- ants $30, Ensigns $20, Sergeants $8 and privates $G.Oli per month. Considering the " currency" in which they were paid ("Wikl-Cat" Bank notes), these rates do not seem to be excessive. The sevei'al organizations of the Michigan forces were known as fiillows: The Oakland Detachment, of l'J2 men ; Major Bucklin's Reg- 308 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. iment, oflSlI men ; Colonel T. D. Davis's Eifle Brigade, of 21S men ; Second Eegiment (Oolo- ncrWarner Wing), 140 men; Captain J. Wood's Company of 1-iglil Horse, of 01 men; Shelby VolunteiM-s, of 00 men ; Acting Brigadier-Gen- eral Martin Davi.s'.s Detachment, of 47 men; Colonel Davis Smith's Eighth Eegiment, of 247 men. Total force, 1,254." The aggregate ex- ])enditurc of Michigan, in connection with the boundary controvers}', is placed at ^13,658.76. The people of Michigan, in that controversy, labored under two serious embarrassments. Ill the first place, as already stated, theirs being oiil}- a Territorial Government, the creature of Congress, wholly subject to Federal rule, it could have no recognized authority even over its domestic affairs, and much less over its relations to other Governments. This condition of tutelage deprived it of the po- litical status which State organization and power alone could confer. In the next place it was largely handicapjied by an unfortu- nate head of what government it possessed. In 1814, General Lewis Ca.ss, then of the United States Army, but a resident of Marietta, Ohio, was made Military Governor of Michigan Ter- ritory. Subsequently, he was made Civil Gov- ernor, with William Woodbridge, also of Ma- rietta, as Secretary, both appointments being fortunate for the Territoiy. The administra- tion of Governor Cass will always stand prom- inent among those of AVestern Territories. Ho . was specially serviceable in his relations with the Indians, with whom he concluded important treaties and largely maintained friendly rela- tions, being Superintendent of Indian Affairs for all the then Northwest, as well as Civil Governor of Michigan. He it was, who nejio- tiated at Fort Meig.s, in September, 1817, ithe important treaty by which the Seneca, Dela- ware, Wyandot, Shawanese, Pottawatomie and Chippewa tribes surrendered to the Govern- ment about one-tifth of the territory comprising the State of Ohio, beside large districts in Michigan and Indiana. Beside this treaty, 10 others were negotiated, chiefly under his man- agement, and in their i-esults transferring to the United States vast extents of lands, both East and West of the Mississippi. In 1881, Governor Cass was called to Washington, to serve as Secretary of War in President Jack- son's Cabinet. The loss of his services, made so highly valuable by his long experience and intimate knowledge of the affairs of the Terri- tory, was much regretted at the time ; but the measure of the loss was made more fully known only through the management of succeeding years. In 1830, the Territory had attained to a population of 32,5::58, and was self-supporting. With such advance in numbers, the people had become possessed of an exceptional degree of local pride, no doubt largely due to the position which Governor Cass's administration had given the Territorial Governmeut. Hence, the succession to that officer was a matter of more than ordinaiy concern with them, and they were veiy desirous that it should fall upon one of several prominent citizens of the Territory, instead of being utilized in the promotion of political interests elsewhere. Secretiiry Wood- bridge and Austin E. Wing were looked upon as specially suitable for the Governorship. Such desire, however, had so little consideration at Washington, that John T. Mason of Virginia, a brother-in-law of Postmaster-General Barry, was appointed Secretary of the Territory, to act as Governor until the latter office should be filled. The appointee, however, did not ac- cept, but went abroad on some private agency, and the office was transferred to his son, Ste- vens T. Mason. The choice of a non-resident for purely political and personal reasons, was bad enough ; but that of a mere boy — but 19 years of age — added greatl}' to the disappoint- ment and chagrin of the people, who sent to him a Committee for conference, when he ac- knowledged his minority', and .sought to justify it on the ground that his father's income was not sufficient to properh' support the family. This feeling was greatly intensified by the fact, that in consequence of Govei-nor (!ass be- ing removed to become Secretary of War, the Secretary would become the Acting Governor, with full executive responsibilities. All pro- tests, however, proved unavailing. The Vir- ginia " lad " became Michigan's Governor, and by his subsequent action did not a little to jus- tify' what had been said of him. It is more than jirobable that in the management of the boundary (juestion, he sought to turn to per- .sdiial account the parti.san feelingof the peojile of the Territory, and by extra zeal to increase that feeling, winch will, in a measure, account lor his indiscretion at different times.* Again, it.is probable, that the circumstances of his ap- jiointmcnt and the dissatisfaction arising there- from, his questionable personal course and his lack of discretion, all contributed to make the President more reluctant to make the Govern- ment res])onsible for Mr. Mason's action ; and thereby did the latter turn out more to the ad- vantage o( Ohio than of Michigan in the dis- jiute. Had Governor Cass been in Mason's place, and conducted the question on the same general basis, there is rea.son to believe that Ohio would have had a more embarrassing case on its hands, with a result less satisfactory. The ju'otest of the people at Washington was geuei'al and emjihatic, but to no avail. George *The Detroit Courkr, in March, 1832, had this item : " His Excellency, the Acting Governor of the Ter- ritory of Micliigan, at a special session of the ^layer's Court, was bound over to keep the peace ; and held to recognize for liis good behavior at the June term of tlie Circuit Court. These proceedings were caused by a personal assault by the Acting Governor upon a Detroit editor, on account of criticisms of tliat of- ficial." OHIO AND MICHIGAN BOUNDARY. 309 B. Porter of Pennsylvania was appointed Gov- ernor, and had he devoted his time and atten- tion to tlie office, the presonco of the " Boy Governor " would have been less ottensivo. The latter by cultivating geniality through the social customs of the day, and a course of con- ciliation, in a measure moditied the intensity of the feeling against him, whereby the people were led to endure what they could not cure. Thus matters stood, when, in the winter of 1834-5, the action of the Ohio Legislature on the boundary question, raised an issue, which with the people of the ambitious Territory, soon overshadowed that of their Governorship. Some three years of experience in office had measurably fitted Secretaiy Mason for the place; and appreciating the 0])]}0i'tiinity for commending iiimself to po])ular favor, fur- nished by the Ohio action, he at once en- tered in the most spirited manner upon such measures of resistance as he could eniploj'. The result was, that he soon largely removed the feeling existing against him. But in doing this, he di.spleased the powers at Washington, whose deep concern for the political bearing of the controversy had led them to favor the Oliio side of the question. Hence it was, that in September, 1835, with the boundary question yet unsettled, John S. Iloi'ner, another joung man, ignorant of the country, was appointed Governor of the Territory. He came on, and sought by a policy of conciliation to induce an adjustment of the boundary difficulty, whereby he seriously displeased the people, who looked upon him not as the Executive of the Terri- tory, but as simply the tool of political masters at Washington, whose sole interest in the mat- ter was to manage it for the greatest partisan advantage. This state of things was made the more offensive to the people, by the fact, that at that time thej- had organized a comjilete State Government — in form — with a Legisla- ture, and United States Senators chosen. Ere long Governor Horner left the Peninsula, for a portion of Territory beyond the limits em- braced in the State organization. During the Summer of 1835, and while the boundary question was yet undetermined, the people of Michigan sat about the organization of a government, in which they could have some power. To this end they held a Conven- tion ; framed a State Constitution, which was adopted by the people, who, at the same time chose State officers and a Legislature. Secretary Mason was chosen Governor, and Edmund Mundy, Lieutenant Governor ; while Lucius Lyon and John J^orvell were chosen United States Senators by the Legislature ; and Isaac E. Crar}', as Ee^jresentative in Congress. Such action, unauthorized bj' existing law, was not approved at Washington, and especially as its tendency was to complicate and intensify the boundary issue. The admission of the State under such state of things was out of the ques- tion. Then it was that the compromise, on which the whole trouble was finalK' settled, was projioscd, to wit : 'i'lial Michigan yield the dis- ]juted territory, and in lieu of that accept the Lake Superior Peninsula. This pro])osition was submitted to the people of Michigan, who .sent delegates to a (Convention held at Ann Arbor, September 4, l.S3ti, by which the otter was rejected. Steps were then taken (or an- other Convention, which, in reality, was little more or less than an Administration scheme for forcing terms u]ion the peojile. For such ]nirpose, delegates were chosen " direct from the people," in local caucuses, without even the semblance of authoi-it}' in law. The body thus chosen met at Ann Arbor, December (!, 1S3(;, and assuming to s]ieak for the ])eo]ile of Mich- igan, proceeded to accejit the terms ])ro])osed ; and by an act ])assed January 2i>, 1837, Con- gress declared that a State Government had been duly formed by the people of Michigan, and the same was admitted as a member of the Union, and the vexed question ofboundary was forever settled. A large portion, and ])robabl3- a majority, of the peojile, with their /;.s7'»/(/o State officials, indulged in a liheial degree of indig- nation and protest ; but that was the onl}- con- solation aceoi-ded them. They could accom- plish nothing in resistance to the wrong they felt. Governor Mason indulged in emphatic riietoric about the outrage committed, to meet with little more than ridicule of himself as "the Hero of the bloodless plains of Toledo." The people of Michigan regarded it as a matter of grave wrong, that their Territory should be deprived of the few square miles of lands, which they had hoped would be included in their prospective State. And when, as a matter of compen.sation for such loss, Congress ])roposed to give them the great Peninsula of Lake Superior, with all its rich mineral deposits, the people of Alichigan rejected the offer; and the arrangement was consummated onl}- through the unauthorized manipulation of local politicians. If the loss of that little striji of land, was so great a wrong to Michi- gan, what was the loss to Wisconsin, of a ter- ritory some 350 by GO miles in extent, the taking of which cut that State off from some 400 miles of Lake coast, leaving to it onl}- about 70 miles of such possession, and depriv- ing it of many valuable harbors, in order that Michigan might add the 400 to the 700 miles of coast already possessed bj' her? Not oid^- all this, but Wisconsin was deprived of KtO miles of the Western coasts of Lake Michigan and Green Bay, with all their desirable har- bors, so imjjortant to that State. Of the two, it would seem that Wisconsin, rather than Michigan, was the part}* wronged in the ad- justment of the boundary dispute of 1835. Of the 8300,000 appropriated by the Ohio Legislature (or expenses in the measures pro- j)0sed for enforcing the rights of the State in 310 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LVCAS COUNTY. the boundary controversy, the sum of S8,837 was 8ubsc(iuently expended. Among the itoins were the Ibllowing : To C. Nei.swanger, Quar- ter Master General, $1,47:5.77; pay of State Commissioners, for running the boundary, S4(»G ; to .lonatiian Taylor, one of the Commis- sioners, for expenses in running the line, $1,000; Samuel C. Andrews, Adjutant Gen- eral, §128.i)(; ; General John Bell, commanding Ohio forces, lor compensation, §228.00 ; N. H. Swayne, William Allen and David T. Disney, Commissioners to Washington, ^300; N. H. Swayne, liorsc-hire and expenses, at Perr3-s- burg and returning to Columbus, $32.50; relief of .). E.Fletcher, oV the surveying party, ar- rested and takeu to Tecumseh a prisoner, bj^ Micliigan parly, $100; Auditor of State John A. Bryan, tor exjicnses in transmitting docu- ments" to Tecumseh to secure releaseof Fletcher, $47.13. It was both natural and proper that an event so important to the people of Toledo as the adjustment of the boundary question and the end of years of internecine contest and local bitterness, should be signalized in a public way; especially, that thereby was made sure to their Town the great benefits foreseen in tlie construction of the proposed Canals. Such celebration took ])lac,e June 25, 1830, ten days alter the passage of the act of Congress estab- lishing the Northern boundary of Ohio on the Hai-ris line. Tlie loport was first published in the Blade, and rejn'oduced in the Gazette, as stated, " by request," as that paper was in sympathy with "the other side" of the bound- ary question : " The day was ushered in at sunrise b}- the firing of cannon and ringing of bells," as we read. Ajipru- priute Ijanners waved from hotels and puljiie build- ings. At S 1'. M., the eitizeiis (such as " had a mind " to the occasion), with many distinguished visitors, assembled at the Mansion House (Daniel Segur, pro- prietor), and marched to tlie .Scliool-Hou.se ni wliich the memorahle Court was held tlie year previous, where a short address was delivered by Emery D. Potter, Esq., when the procession returned to the hotel for a dinner " prepared in Mr. .Segur's best style." The "cloth lacing removed," toasts were read by different gentlemen present, including J. B. Macy, of Buffalo, N. Y.; VVillard J. Daniels, Indiana ; Joel McOlellan, of Lockport, N. Y.; Andrew Palmer, Toledo; Levi Beardsley and .1. R. Beardsley, Oswego, K. Y.; Colonel William McLaughlin, Mansfield, U.; E. D. Potter, Toledo ; Kev. »lr. Bradburn, Nantucket, Mass.; A. J. Underbill, New Y'ork ; George R. Per- kins, M. D., Dr. H. B. Stillman, John Jay Newcomb, George H. Rich, and Koswell W. Cheney, Toledo. A guest gave, '■ The Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad — Designed to be the great thoroughfare of the Far West." b. R. Beardsley's sentiment was, "The Buckeyes of Lucas County — Ready and willing to yield when wrong, but firm and united" in repelling the encroachments of their Wolverine neighbors." Mr. Underbill, " Toledo— The greatoutlet of the States of Ohio, In- diana and Illinois ; destined within a short period to be the great City of the West." Mr. Cheney gave, "The Orator of the Day — May he grow in n.seful- ness with the growtli of our thriving and jirosperous Village." To wliich Mr. Potter responded bricfiy, saying, among other things, " From the time that I arrived here, six months ago, a stranger, I have never had reason to regret the adoption of this (ilace as my future home." Colonel McLaughlin toasted, " The Democracy of Ohio — Ever true to their cause, they will give united and efficient support to the ' Favorite Son of New York ' " ( Martin Van Buren, then Vice President, and a candidate for President). Taken all in all, the site on which Toledo stands lias gone through a series of mutations in governmcTit and control which will find few, if any, equals in this country or elsewhere. Among these may be named the following : 1. As early as llilO, the Frenoh Government, by virtue of the estaldishment of trading-posts in this re- gion, laid claim to the territory. 2. In 1()4I this elaim was strengthened by the planting of the French Hag at the Sault St. Marie, which was followed by 120 j'ears of Freneh domi- nation. o. In 170:!, as the result of the French and Indian War, (ireat Britain dispossessed France and assumed jurisdietiou. 4. In 1783, by the treaty of peace between the Colonics and Great Britain", this territory was con- ceded to the former, although in fact, it remained under British control until after the victoryof General Wayne at Fallen Timbers (now iu Lucas County) in 1794. 5. Connecticut and New Y'ork each for many years made separate claim to this locality. (i. In 17S7, it was made part of the Northwest Territory. 7. In 179(1, it became part of AVayne County, of said Territory. S. fn isoi), it passed to the Territory of Ohio. 9. In ISOL', it became by jurisdiction, part of the Territory of Iiuliana. 10. In 1S0.'>, the new Territory of Michigan as- sumed jurisdiction of this place, and it w;is practically ill Wayne County. 11. In 1S17, Monroe County, Michigan, was or- ganized, and tills locality passed to its control. 12. In 1S20, Wood County, Ohio, was created with nominal jurisdiction here. l:i. In 1S27, Port Lawrence Township, Monroe County, was organized, ineluding this locality. 14. As early as 1831, parts of the present terri- tory of Toledo were in tlie separate plats of Port Law- rence and Vistula, and afterwards another portion in Manhattan. 1"). In 1833, Port Lawrence and Vistula were con- solidated in the Town of Toledo. 10. Ill 18;i), the County of Lucas was established by the Legislature of Ohio, to include Toledo. 17. During the last named year, and until Janu- ary, 1837, when the Ohio title was made final by the adnii.ssion of ^liehigan into the Union, the question of jurisdietiou remaineil in dis|uite. 18. In 1S37, the incorporated Town of Toledo be- came the City of Toledo. 19. In 1874, the limits of the City of Toledo were materially extended, to include Manhattan and mueh other adjoining territory. OHIO AND MICHIGAN BOUNDARY. 311 Thus we find that this locality has been sub- ject to no less than 10 different jurisdictions. The lapse of 50 yeai's of time, with the sub- sidence of jmrlisan feeling and local interest which so largely grew out of and affected the minds and actions of participants on both sides of the unfortunate boundary question, now permits more deliberate consideration of and more just judgment on its merits. As al- ready shown, tlie residents of Toledo were not wholly agreed in their feelings and action on the issue. " Ohio men " and " Miciiigan men " then stood arrayed in sentiment, more than in action. To what extent either of those divi- sions were affected by ulterior considerations, cannot now be known. That such, more or less, operated to control individuals, is only natural. If either of the contending parties presented to the people of Toledo the stronger inducements for their su])port of its claims, it certainly was Ohio. It would not be possible, under present conditions, to appreciate all that was involved in that dispute, as viewed from the stand-point of the adventurous settlers of Toledo at that time. In the strong and bitter contest they were called to make with neighbor- ing rival Towns, involving the very life of their own, the matter of the Canals, with all that it involved to the successful candidate for the out- let of those important improvements, couM not have failed to be most potential in con- nection with the boundary matter. The ques- tion itself was then so far involved in doubt as to facts and argument, that it is not strange that candid men should fail to agree as to its merits. The case, as already shown, rested upon a single point, to wit : Which should pre- vail — the Ordinance of Congress of 1787, and the act of the same body in 1805, both estab- lishing the line' of boundary as claimed bj- Michigan ; or the provision in the Ohio State Constitution as accepted ? Hence, the pivotal point : Did Ohio in becoming a State with .such claim to boundary, secure rights, which not only overrode rights previous!}' fixed b}' Con- gi'ess, but which could not be affected by subse- quent action by that body ? Clearly, it is not within the power of a Convention rejire.senting the people of a Territorj-, or of that people them.selves, to determine a question of boun- dary which affects the rights of others. Hence, the question again arises, Does the bare act of Congress admitting a State into the Union, ap- prove and irrevocably conform to it all that is claimed as to the question of boundary in the Constitution under whicli the State is admit- ted ? Ohio's case in the boundary dispute, had no other basis than the affirmative of this ques- tion. Had Michigan been a State, with a fixed boundary, instead of a Territory, when Ohio was admitted, there would have been no doubt as to the matter, since in such case she would have had the status of fully vested rights. But the fact, as already stated, was that Mich- igan in the nature of the case, could not be a party in the tlispute, for the rea.son that her's was a condition of tutelage, being the creature of Congress, without rights of any sort, except as that bodj' saw fit to confer them. The case as presented by the Senate Judi- ciary Committee (already cited) seems to be the clearest and most satisfactory showing yet made. The simple (iict that Congress, both in the ordinance of 1787 and in the act creating the Territory of Michigan in 1805, acted u])on an entire niisa|iiJrehension as to the real loca- tion of the Southern cxtremeof Lake Michigan, which was made its base in fixing the boundaiy line, is the chief point in the case. The Ohio Convention, becoming apprehensive of such mistake by Congress, and desirous of protect- ing the State from the seriousinjury threatened ihrough the same, most ])roperly recognized the geographical doubt, and guarded against its damaging effect. It fully accepted the ba.se employed by Congress for fixing the boundary line; ])rovided, such base prove to be what Congi-ess assumed it to be throughout its leg- islation in the matter. It is difficult to con- ceive of a ])roposition more simple and just. To question its liiirness, is to question the good faith of Congress, and attribute to that body a willingness, if not the purpose, to take advan- tage of its own error, to the wrong of a party trusting to its sense of justice. The contingent provision in the Ohio Constitution was only saying that the State sought to have its North- ern boundary fixed as both Congress and the State Convention intended to make it; and Congress, in accepting that provision and ad- mitting the State into the Union with the boundary thus fixed, in the most direct and ettective mode possible as.sented to such ar- rangement. Such contingent contracts are constantly occurring between parties, and no Court hesitates to enforce terms thus mutually' agreed to. Then why should not a like agree- ment between the United States and a State be equally binding? The views thus given on this question, while they have now no ])ractical bearing, soem to be proper, as duo to all parties concerned. The time has come, when the people on both sides of the line should be able to speak freely and frankly of differences in the past, and in the spirit of amity and mutual confidence, address themselves to the many important matters which they liave and are to have in common. Who was right or who was wrong half a century^ ago, is now comparatively of small concern ; but how the affairs of the future may be made promotive of the highest possible welfare of all, is a matter of grave concern. It is just cause for common gratulation, that asperities arising from past antagonism, are gradually jielding to more considerate relations, with very little now left, outside the record, to indi- cate that differences ever existed. 312 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. A disposition to treat with levity the mili- tiuy o])eriitioiis coiinocted with the so-called " 'rdledo War," wa.Hsliowii in various wa_ys and on many oi-rasions, on hoth sides of the lino, during and subsequent to their occurrence. Thus.'wiien a bill to origan ize and discipline the militia of the State was before the Ohio Legislature, in February, 1837, Representative (^uinby, oC i'ortage County, moved to amend the enacting clause, by adiling the following: lIVuTcits, Our warrioi-s, ill iliiys of yore. Went fortli from peact-fiil scenes, To try the tii;; of furious War, Amiil Itie Wolverines; And Wherms. uiost villainous traps and snares Were then prepared to eateh them— Black Swamp to wallow unawares. And briars and thorns to scratch them : And II'/iCTCds, most wondrous feats of arms And legs, were then performed, Whilst raging Owls rang forth alarms, And the bramhly-batlle stormed; Therefore, that we may emulate Those deeds of chivalry, Aud equal glories perpetrate, Lti it enacted he." In March, 1S35, a poet of the period, whose nom tie plitme was " Bard of tiie Woods," gave freedom to his muse, in view of the threatening state of things between Ohio and Michigan. Samples of this production are here given, as follows : Most dire presages haunt my luain ; Heart rending pangs I can't restrain. In the dark glens of solitude. Where nature wears her aspect rude— Where starving wolv s are heard to howl, Or more plaintive cries the Screei-h Owi ; Or March's angry breaths that sweep Hail, rain and snow full two feet deep. I strive in vain to sooihe my mind ; lyet what will happen, be resigned ; But still, the thought my heart controls, Noir iti the time to try men's mnla. * :^ ♦ il! * * Oivea check to Governor L\icas, Who seems, imleed, a. second Brutus ; And in despite 4)f ci\'il law. Dares in peace the sword to draw, The sheath, indignant, throw away. And hasten to the mad alTray. Celestial Dame, suj^press your sorrow ; Let US not our troubles borrow. This son of Mars— this man of thvinder — On the Maumee may soon knock under. 1 frankly own I am some frighted. While others seem so much delighted. To see his vassal band prej'aring For tltc enterprise so daring. * * * =^ :> * Young Toledo ! Risk to Famk ! Mart of the Western World should claim Homage of all the ports around— Her wealth and power know no bound; More mighty far than ancient Rome, Stand by inherent power alone. liutoh ! nietbinks I see them dashing! Hear pistols pop ! and swords a-chtshing 1 While tirst to last many oppose, With eyes plucked out or bh)ody nose; Whose horrid threatening or grimace Convince they'll die or keep their place. The tirst of .\pril is the day, For Ohio bravos to display. According to all ancient rules, No doubt they'll all be " April Fools." Farmer's History of Detroit has the follow- ing Michigan " War Song" of the period : old I.ucas gave his order all for to hold a Court, And Stevens 'riiomus .Ma.son, lie thought he d have some sport. He called upon the \Vol\-erincs, and asked them for to go To meet this rcliel l.uc^is, his Court to overthrow. Our Independent Companies were ordered for the march ; Our Ollieers were ready, all stirtened up with starch ; On nimble footed coursers our Ottieers did ride. With each a pair of pistols and sword h\ing by his side. In the same volume it is stated, that " the troops from Detroit came home on the Steam- boat General Brady, and the day (September 10th) being the anniversary of Perry's victory, they celebrated that, instead of the one they did not win." In this connection, Mrs. L. H. Sigourney's Lines on the Admission of Michigan into the Union, giving "Miss Columbia's" welcome to that young member of the National Household, will be appropriate. It was written for the Knickerbocker Magazine in lS3(i, and was as follows : Conn' in. little Sister, so healthful and fair. Come, take in our Father's best parlor a share. You've been kept long enough at the nurse's, I (row. Where the angry Lakes roar, and the Northern winds blow. Come in— we've' a pretty large household, 'tis true. But the twenty -five Children shall make room for you. A present, I see, for our Sire you have i.» rough t. To add to his dessert— how kind was the thought— A treat of ripe berries, both crim.son and blue, .\nil wild (lowers to stick in his luitton-hole. too; The rose from your prairie— the nuts from your tree — What a good little Sister '.—come hither to me. You've a dowry, beside, very cunningly stored. To fill a nice cupboard, or spread a broad board ; Detroit, and Chicago, Ann Arbor, and more— l-'or the youngest, me thinks, (i\iitea plentiful store ; You're a prog, I perceive— It is true to the letter, And your sharp \ankee Sisters will like you the better. But where are your Indians, so feeble and few— So fall'n from tne heights where their forefathers grew ? I'"rom the forests they fade— o'er the waters that liore The names of their baptism, they venture no more : ()h, soothe their sad hearts, ere they vanish afar. Nor i|ueneh the faint beam of their Westering Star! Those Ladies who sit on the sofa so high, Are the stateliest dames of our Family ; Your thirteen Old Sisters— don't treat them with scorn— Thev were notable Spinsters before yon were born ; Man'v stories they know, most iustrnctive to hear- Oo, Make them lieonrt'sy, 'twill plea.se Ihem, my dear. They can teach you the names of those great men to spell, Who stood at the helm, w hen the war-tempest fell ; They will show you the writing that gleamed to the sky. In the year Seventy-Six, on the Fourth of July, When the Hash of the Bunker-hill tiame was red, And the blood gush'd forth from the fields of dead. There arc some who may call thera both proud aud old. And sav they usurp what they cannot hold ! I'erhaps their bri.ght locks have a sprinkle of gray- But then, little Miehy, don't hint it, I pray ! For they'll give you a frown, or a box on the ear, Or send yon to stand in the corner, I fear. They indeed bore the burden aud the heat of the day, lintyou've as good right to your penny as they ; Though the price of our Freedom they better have known, Since they paid for it out of their purses alone ; Yet a portion is saved for the youngest, 1 ween, So, hold up your head, with the " C>ld Thirteen." CHAPTER IV. COUNIY AFFAIIIS. A LIMITED extent of details pertaining to the start of tlie County of Lucas, vvliose birtli was attended by sucli disturbing, if not tragic events, will be of interest here. The first session of the Commissioners of the Count}' was held at Toledo, September 14, 1835, at which John Baldwin and Kobert Gower were present, the third member (Cyrus Hollo- way) being absent. Samuel iM. Young acted as Clerk of the Board. The following appoint- ments were made: County Auditor, Samuel M. Young, of Maumee ; Treasurer, Eli Hub- bard, of Port Laurence ; Recorder, Frederick Wright, of Port Lawrence. The first business following these appoint- ments, consisted in the creation of a new Town- ship, to be called Lucas, and to consist of the territorj- lying North of the " Fulton line," and West of the East line of Eange four Piast, being the territory then in dispute between Ohio and Michigan. At the second session of the Board, October 12, 1835, " it being deemed expedient and ab.so- lutely necessary for the well-being and tlie enjoyment of the i-ights of citizens of this State, that that part of the County of Lucas known as ' the disputed territory,' and l.ying North of what is linown as tlie ' Fulton line,' be annexed, for Township purposes, to the Town- ship of Waynesfield," it was resolved, that that part of Lucas County Ivnown as Port Lawrence Township, be annexed to the Township ot Waynesfield, for all civil purposes, and that the electors of the same have equal rights and privileges at the then ensuing election as did otherelectors of Waynesfield Town.shiji; where- upon, it was directed, that notice be given to the electors of Port Lawrence thai the}- should vote at Maumee City, and thus have "the privilege of voting, witiiout the interference of the Michigan authorities." The emergency calling for such action, arose in the apprehen- sion that interference from Michigan would prevent a peaceful election under the laws of Ohio within the disputed territory. At a session held October 13, " the object for which such annexation was made having been accomplished," Port Lawrence was restored to its former status. The emergency demanding the former action had been removed by the agreement on the part of the Michigan authori- ties, peaeeabl}- to abide the action of Congress upon the boundary question. This latter action by the Commissioners took place on the day of the State election ; consequently, Toledo and Port Lawrence Township was for one election within the ])olllng precinct of Maumee 011}"^. December 7, 1835, the Board of Commis- sioners met, when Samuel Barrett, elected in October, as the successor of Cyrus llolloway, took his .seat. Four County road.s were estab- lished ; the former action, creating the Town- shi]) of Lucas, was rescinded, the 'I'ownsliip not having been organized ; several more County roads established. The Viewers appointed for such roads included William Jones, Elisha Trowbridge, Robert Howard, Hiram Clark, Abram Shepler, James Thrasher, Elijah Clark, Samuel Searing, William P. Homer, Alvin Evans, Aniasa Bisho|), Baxter Bowman, Fred. A. Rew, Matthias S. Van Fleet, Daniel P. Ketcham, David Clute, John Emery, Philo B. Scott, Chandler L. Wing, Aaron H. Doolittle, Jonathan H. Jerome, John Van Fleet, John Pray, James Atchison, and John Taylor. J. Irvine Browne, of Toledo, having resigned the office of County Assessor, Johnson H. Hobart, of Maumee City, was appointed for the vacancy. June 6, 183G, Y^ork Township (now in Fulton County) was established, the first election to be held at the house of David Doolittle, June 30tli. The Townshipof Providence was created at the same time, the first election to be held June 30th at the house of Peter Manor. June 20, 1836, the Township of Springfield was created, the first election to be held October 8th, at the house of William Ford. Two ap- jiropriations for road improvements were made — one of S20 between Toledo and Tre- mainesville; and one of §500, between To- ledo and the head of the Rapids. An allow- ance of S47. U6 was made to County Amlitor Young in full for his services from September 14, 1835, to June 20, 183(j. Tax levies were made as follows: For County purposes, five mills on the dollar; for Road purposes, three mills; for School purposes, one and one-half mills; and for Township ]iur])0ses in Port Lawrence, one-half mill. December 5th, Wil- liam P. Daniels became a member of the Board, vice John Baldwin, elected Associate Judge. Count}- Roads 14, 15, 1() and 17 were then established, with Wiley Hamilton, Daniel Strayer, William Allman, Thomas (ileason, James Wolcott and Oscar VVhite as Viewers. An appropriation of §100 was made for the road from Upper Toledo to the State line, to be expended by Santord h. C'oUins. At the March meeting, 1837, petitions were presented for five new Townships, which wore 21 [313] 314 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LDCAS COUNTY. not acted on. A survey was ordered for a road to extend from the Northern termination of Monroe street, Toledo, to the intersection of the Indiana Road with the Turnpike leading from Mainneo to Monroe, with Coleman I. Keeler, Jr., Mareuo Fox and John T. Baldwin as Superintendents. In 1837, the Board resolved to accept this County's portion of the Surplus Eevenue of the United States, under the act of Congress passed March 28, 1837. June 4, 1837, Eoads Nos. 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 and 34, with Eli Hubbard, Marmaduke Bunting, Jacob Hallett, George Black, Jonathan Hampton, David Hubbard, John Wilsey, Thomas Wood, John Harters, Thomas Berry, William Stair, Noah A. Whit- ney, Thomas A. Whitney, William Meeker, Nathaniel Leggett, Benjamin G. Lewis, as Viewers. January, 1838, Wm. P. Daniels and Eli Hub- bard were appointed a Committee to purchase a " County Poor Farm." February 6, 1838, $50 was appropriated toward the erection of a Bridge over Swan Creek at its mouth in Toledo. March 5, 1838. The Townships of Gorham and Clinton (now in Fulton County) were es- tablished. A new Road was established, from Toledo along the North bank of the Maumee Eiver to the West line of the County. Galen B. Abel, County Assessor, having resigned, Cyrus Fisher was appointed to the vacancy, with Wm. Prigyzer of Tremainesville, Fred. E. Kirtland of Waynesfield and Galen B. Abel of Waterville, as Deputies. April 9, 1838. The new Jail was accepted, and $25 appropriated for furnishing bedding for it. The North half of Section 1(5, Townshij) No. 3 (now Adams), was accepted for Infirmary purposes, and $1,000 voted for its improve- ment. June 16, 1838. John U. Pease, James Wil- kinson and Roswell Cheney were appointed as Directors of the County Infirmary. August 3, 1838.- It was re.solved to erect a Court-House on the Court-House Square, in Oliver's Division of Toledo, as designated by the Commissioners in locating the County-seat at Toledo, said building to be of the size and arrangements of the Ashtabula County Court- House. For such building the " proprietors of the City of Toledo" had Iwund themselves to contribute the sum of $20,000. Wm. P. Daniels, of the Board, was appointed Superintendent of the work. November 2, 1838. S. L. Collins, County Treasurer, having resigned, Daniel McBain of Toledo, was appointed for the vacancy. March 4, 1839. German Township (now in Fulton county) was created. June 5, 1839. Sections 33, 34, 27, 23, 24 and half of 13 were taken from Waynesfield and at- tached to Springfield Township. Benjamin Mallett, Jr., was allowed $53.00 for painting ; and A. G. Hibbard & Co. $8.76 for black- smithing. December 2, 1839. The Township of Rich- field was established, the first election to be held at the house of Willard S. Fuller. December 30, 1839. Adolphus Kracmer, of Hartford, Sandusky (now Ottawa) County; Piatt Card, of Toledo; and Isaac Knap]i,ofLower Sandusky (now Fremont), were apj)ointed to establish a State Road fi-om the Maumee River opposite Manhattan to Lower Sandusky, via Hartford (now Oak Harbor). The pro])Osition of Richard Mott, to lease a building for use as a Court-House, was accepted. January 4, 1840. Horace Waite, John Fitch and J. W. Scott were appinted Fund Com- missioners, in charge of the surplus revenue belonging to Lucas County. March' 2, 1840. Road No. 47, in Sylvania, was established, with Andrew Printup, David Harroun and Hiram Parker as Viewers, and Wm. White as Surveyor. Road No. 46, with Benj. Joy, Townsend Ellis and Lyman Morse as Viewers, and D. L. Westeott as Surveyor ; Road 48, with Daniel Strayer, Harvey Kellogg and Samuel Divine as Viewers, and Wm. Mar- tin as Surveyor. June 1, 1840. The Townships of Wa.shington and Manhattan were created ; an election to be held June 24th, at the house of Sylvester Cor- nell, in Manhattan Village; and June 27th, at the house of Benj. Mallett in Washington. June 17, 1840. The i)roposals of John E. Hunt, Horace Waite and Thos. Clark, 2d, for erecting Countv buildings at Maumee, were accepted. December 8," 1840. Luther Dodge, R. A. Howard and Lyman Parcherwere ajipointed Viewers, and Chester Briggs Survcj-or, for a new Road ; as were Benj. Jo), Hiram Parker and John Harroun Viewers for another Road. March 1, 1841. The new Townships of Ful- ton, Pike and Franklin (now in Fulton county), were created. December 6, 1841. Richard Mott was allowed $400, for County orders destroyed by the burning of his warehouse in Toledo, November 29, 1840. The Toledo Register was allowed $522.40, for publishing the delinquent land-list for 1841. June 6, 1843. A bill was presented by J. H. Jerome, for 1,000 rails, at $2.00 per 100. Action was taken for the adjustment of a question of boundary between Lucas and Williams Coun- ties. In 1843 a law was in force in Ohio, under which County Commissioners were empowered to levy special taxes ujjon Lawyers and Phy- sicians, "according to their annual incomes." The Board of Commissioners of Lucas County levied such taxes for the j'ear 1843, as follows : Lawyers. Toledo— Caleb F. Abbott, S3.00 ; Edson Allen, $2.00 ; John Fitch, $4.00; C. W. Hill, $2.00; L. S. Lownsbury, $2.00 ; Hiram Clark, $1.00; Daniel QOUNTY AFFAIRS. 315 O. Morton, ifo.OO; Geo. B. Way, «;3.00; Myiou H. Til- den, S4.(H). Manniee Citv— S". M. Youiig, S4.00 ; M. E. V\ aite. $4.(10; D. F. Cook, S2.00 ; JmuesM. Coffin- burv, $1.00; Tlios. Dunlaji, Jr., SI .00; Natluin Kiith- bun, $1.((0; Henry Uoed, Jr., Sl.OO; H. C. Stowell, $1.00; Jessup W. Scott, !fl .00. Manhattan— Franklin Johnson, $2.00. Physicians. Toledo— Manly Bostwick, Gustaviis Wilde, Jolm Mosher, Geo. It. Perkins, Jacob Clark and Calvin Smith, $2.00 each. Maumee City — Alex. Anderson, $2.00; Justus Dwijjht, $1.00; C. Matthews, $2.00; C. S. Kamsev, fl.OO; Wm. St. Clair. $2.00; John 11. Van Avery, $2.00; Oscar White, $2.00. Syl- vania — Horace Green, $2.00. Manhattan — James L. Chase and Luther Parker, $1.00 each. Watcrville — Welcome Prav, $2.00. Gorbam — John Kendall, 11.00. York— Allen V\ bite, |1.00. Swan Creek— T. B. Colton, $2.00. June 6, 1844, like taxes were again assessed ; but it is noticeable, tliat the plan of levying the same " according to annual income " (rang- ing from $1.(10 to $4.00 per year), was then changed to a uniform tax of 25 cents — a fact not .sijecially assuring of increasing incomes. The parties then taxed wore as follows : Lawyers. Toledo — Edson Allen, Caleb F. Abbott, Wm. Baker, C. M. Dorr, Henry Bennett, John Fitch, C. W. Hill, L. S. Lownsbury, D. O. Morton, Van Ness, James M. Whitney, Geo. B. Way. Mau- mee — S. M. Young, M. R. Waite, H. F. Waite, Henry S. Commager, H. C. Stowell, Wm. McK. Scott, J, M. Coffinbury, Henry Reed, Jr., Thos. Dunlap and Na- than Rathbun. Manhattan — Franklin Johnson. Physicians. Toledo — Manly Bo.stwick, Jacob Clark, Calvin Smith, Geo. R. Perkins, Robert H. Tinipany, Taylor, John Mosher. Maumee— Alex. An- derson, Justice Dwight, Chauncy Matthews, Wm. St. Clair, Oscar AVhite. Providence— S. B. Wood- worth. York — Allen White. Sylvania — Amos Mi- nor, Horace Green. Royalton — Joshua Young. Richfield — Mather M. Mason. Manhattan — James L. Cha.se, S. D. Jones. September 4, 1843. A. Ritch was allowed $9.60 for 1,200 feet of oak plank, for bridge over Swan Creek. December, 1843. A road was established, to run from tiie Temperance House in Wliite- ford Township, South past the house of Elder Showers, and to the -.Maumee Road that passed Benjamin Joy's dwelling-house; Fred. Ijeon- ard.son, Isaac Lewis and Eli Hubbard being appointed Viewers, and William White, Sur- veyor lor the same. J. Ream c^- Co., wore allowed paj-rnent lor publishing 407 " squares '' of forfeited land-list, and for 520 " squares " of delinquent hmd-list, at 50 cents per " square." July 2, 1844. The bond of John E. Hunt and others for $10,000, securing the erection of County buildings at Maumee, was cancelled, in eonsiileration of the fulfillment of such agreement. Road No. 128, Viewers, James Thrasher, James Trowbridge and M. II. Butler ; Road No. 120, Viewers, George Miller, Elijah Royceand Daniel Murphy; Road 131, Viewers, John Freehart, William Martin andNehemiah Allen ; Road No. 131 >4 , Viewers, Edwin Fuller, Abraham Sheplar, and William Allman, were severally authorized. Road No. 133, since known as tlie " River Road," between Toledo and Maumee, was authorized, with George B. Knaggs, S. B. (^\)mslock and Junius Flagg as Viewers. The first expenditure by the ('onnty for ice, was for the supply of the Su])r(uno Court, for use in drinking, in the Summer of 1844, tlie amount ])aid therefor being SI. 00. June 11, 1844. Horace Waite was paid $65.00 for services as Commissioner; Lyman Parcher, $40.00, and G. B. Abell, $38.00 for same. Haskell I). Warren, Townsend . Ellis and Andrew Printup were appointed Viewers for a new Road in Sylvania; Daniel Rob- bins, Jr., Michael Shields and H. D. Turk, in Providence; E. D. Potter, Lyman Parcher, S. L. Collins, for Road in Oregon ; and Benjamin Joj', Alvah Evans and Henry Mercereau, for Road in Sylvania. January 12, 1845. Proposals for building a Jail at Maumee were examined, to wit : Isaac Hull, $4,500 ; J. Miller, $5,291 ; Elijah Clark, $3,775 ; C. Matthews, $3,414; J. Hale and George W. Reynolds, $3,200 ; Peter H. Shaw, $960 ; S. Johnson, $350; Francis Manor and Samuel Wag- ner, $865. The offer of Isaac Hull was accepted. At the same session, a Road (No. 124) was established, to run from Springfield to Swan- ton, with Thomas Dobbins, Jacob Gnaggy and Solomon Salisburj^ as Viewers, and Hiram Davis, as Surveyor. A new Road (No. 126) was authorized from Bean Creek, in Water- vdle, to the Henry County line, of which P. B. Scott, Phidias Nearing and David Robbins, were Viewers, and William Martin, Surveyor. March 17, 1846. The County was divided into four Districts for ajipraisal of taxable property, and Assessors appointed for the same, as follows : District No. 1 — S. B. Comstock ; No. 2— F. E. Kirtland ; No. 3— J. Graham Klinck ; No. 4 — Elisha Williams ; at the rate of $1.50 per day for time thus "necessarily em- ployed." As Viewers for a proposed Road in Watcrville, Welcome Pray, Lorenzo L. More- house and Alfred Eldred were a])pointed ; for like purpose in Richfield, Oristen Holloway, Isaac Washburn and D. L. Westcott. March 4, 1847. J. Austin Scott was ap- ])ointed Commissioner of the Maumee and Syl- vania Free Turnpike, yi'ee Francis Hollenbeck, whose term had exjiired. June 7, 1847. George D. Treat, Gabriel Crane, John Consaul and D. L. Westcott were appointed Viewers for proposed Roads in Ore- gon Township ; and Benjamin Atkinson, Jacob Fanchcr and Shields for Road in Provi- dence ; William W. Wilson, ilarcus Bennett and William M. White, for Road in Richfield ; Jacob Fancher, Orson Ballon and John G. Isham, for Road in Providence. March 9, 1853. The new Township olMon- clova was created. It was ordered that the ])rices to be paid by the County for the use of vehicles for conveyance, be as follows; For 31G HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LVCAS COUNTY. single open buggy, with horse, $1.50 per day; for covered do., $2.00 ; for two-horse do., 82.80. Dr. William St. Clair proposed to attend npon the inniato.s of the Jail, and furnish medicines for S125 per year, which offer was accepted. December, 1854, the County Commissioners authorized Edgar F. Potter to " take charge of the Jail at Maumee City, for the purpose of re- ceiving female prisoners, criminals, insane persons, and perhaps some County paupers." Dr. H. Graham, of Toledo, was appointed Jail Physician, and as such to " visit, attend to, pre- scribe for and furnish all necessary medicines for all prisoner.s in the County Jail in Toledo, at the rate of S200 per year," until the next session of the Commissioners. At the March session, 1855 (Joel W. Kelsey, William F. Dewey and Daniel P. Cook, present), the following plan for the employment of cer- tain convicts within the City of Toledo, was adopted by the County Commissioners, at the i-equest of the authorities of said City, to wit : 1st. All able-bodied male persons sentenced to im- prisonment and hard labor in the Jail of Lucas County, according to the provisions of an act of the General Assembl.v of Ohio, passed March 12, IS.i.'i, shall be emi)lo}-ed"in the manner hereinafter specified . 2d. All male persons thus committed to the Jail, by the INIayor of Toledo, for the violation of any of the penal ordinances of said City, shall be employed under the direction of the Sheriff of said County or his Deputy: Provided, the City of Toledo shall bear and pay all Jail and board fees of prisoners thus con- victed and sentenced, and shall be entitled to the work and labor of all such convicts. 3d. All male persons convicted and sentenced as aforesaid by the Probate Court of said County, shall be hired oiit and let to service by the Sheriff of said County ; and the avails of all labor of such convicts shall be collected and received by the said Sheriff, and be by him paid into the treasury of said County, taking a proper receipt therefor, which receipt lie shall file with the County Auditor. 4th. The person having charge of .such convicts, when performing work or labor as aforesaid, shall adopt such means, by chain and ball or otherwise, for the security and safe-keeping of such convicts as he may deem necessary or proper. This system was in operation for several years. While under such plan labor was se- cured which otherwise would have rec[uired special outlay, it, nevertheless, was found, that the moral effect, upon both the convicts and the community, was not desirable. The tendency of such public degradation, was to destroy what self-respect remained with the prisoner, and by thus lowering him in his own estimation, de- priving him of all ambition and hope for reform. It was seen, that the very quality of surviving manhood which alone coukl make such service repugnant and induce an after desire to shun it, was being crushed out by hopeless shame, leaving the man lower and more than before abandoned to a vicious life. Subsequently, as a .substitute for the Chain- Gang, the City Work-House (or the "Stone- Yard," as at first called), was established, to which convicts in cases of petty offenses were sentenced and employed at labor. This insti- tution still exists with general favor. December 1, 185(1, that jiortion of Oregon Township within the City of Toledo (consist- ing of East Toledo), was annexed to the Town- ship ot Port Lawrence, and that portion of Port Lawrence not within Toledo was set off to the Township of Springfield. December .3, 1856, this last named territorj', with other, was or- ganized as the Township of Carey, since named Adams. March, 1857, the names of Drs. W. W. Jones and J. G. Nolen having been presented for ap- pointment as Jail Physicians, the former was selected at a salary of .?200, for attendance and medicine. At the March session, 1858, Sheriff Springer presented to the Commissioners an inventory of counterfeit Bank bills and bogus coin, taken from prisoners during his service as Sheriff and Marshal of Toledo. The bills, with the excep- tion of one sample of each lot, were burned : and the bogus coin melted, when it was found that the latter contained pi-oportions of pure metal too small to be of any value. The list, as indicating some of the condition of the cur- rency at that time, will be of interest here. It is as follows : Pieces. Total. Half Dollars 2.3 $ IL.'iO Five-Francs .3 2.S2 Quarter Dollars 4 1.00 Dimes 9 .90 Gold Dollars 389 389.00 Quarter Eagles 513 1,282..50 Bank bills — Farmers' Bank of Kentuckv ^3 26 .f 78.00 State Bank of Indiana 3 33 99.00 Farmers' Bank of Kentuckv 3 .5 1.5.00 State Bank of Indiana 1 3 22 66.00 Bank of Corning, N. Y 10 o .50.00 Bank of Empire State, N. Y 2 6 12.00 Exchange Bank of Lockport ■"> 89 445.00 City Bank of New Haven, Conn___ 5 1 5.00 Oneida Valley Bank, X. Y 3 4 12.00 Danbury Bank of Conn 1 6 6.00 State Stock Bank, Jamestown, Ind., 1 1 1.00 Bank of Corning, N. Y 10 1 10.00 §2,486.72 March, 1858, Dr. J. G. Nolen offered to act as Jail Physician for 8150 per year (medicine included), and was appointed. June, 1858, the old County buildings at Mau- mee were directed to be .sold at public auction. Sub8equentl3- they were sold to the City 6f Maumee, the Jail bringing 8250, and the Court- House 8360 — in each "case the land being in- cluded. The Gas lulls of the County for September, October and Kovember, 1858, were as follows : Court-House, 855.65; and for Jail, 828.70. In March, 1859, the Commissioners visited the County Jail and found it " in tolerable good COUNTY AFFAIRS. 317 condition." Cyrus D. Hanljs having resigned 118 County Auditor, Clias. E. Dennett was ap- l)ointed to the vacancy, receiving two votes, to one for Cyrus H. Coy. At the "September session, 1859,' the polic3' of ditching lands under the laws of the State was introduced, in the ujiproval of the plan and survey of "Ditch or Water Course No. 1." It was located in Washington and Port Lawrence Townships, " commencing at tlie Creek which runs through the E. \ S. E. \ Sec. 23 ; thence Southerly across the same on the line between Sees. 25 and 26, so far as the same was neces- sary." The survey and plan were made by W. II. Harris, County Surveyor. Ditch No. 2 was ajiproved. It ran from the Air Line Eailroad, where the same crosses the center line of Sec- tion 7, Town 3, U. S. E. South, along such line to Swan Creek. Ditch No. 3 was in Waynes- field Township. At the same session allowances were made for assessing real property, as follows : Mau- mee City — Samuel M. Young, 898.00 ; Oregon Township -Peter B. Porter,"'S86.00 ; Toledo— Declan Allen, 8392.55; Wm. Carew, $280. 00 ; Michael Callaichan, 82(50.00; Patrick Gavin, 8252.00; Patrick Iloran, S(J4.00 ; Jo.seph De- laney, 854.00. Total for Toledo, 81,102.55. At the December sesision, 1859, the Commis- sioners visited the Jail, which they found " in as good condition as the unsound physical qual- ities of the building and moral state of the in- mates would permit." At the March session, 1860, the Commission- ers accepted the proposition of the Maumee City Plank Eoad Company to relinquish and transfer to the County its Plank Eoad, extend- ing from Maumee City to Swanton. The Pres- ident of the Company was Wm. P. Homer, and its Secretary Edward ^litchell. A former order of the Board, authorizing the C(^unty Auditor to hire persons " to bring in wood and pay for the same out of the County funds," was revoked. The proposition of the Toledo and Woodville Plank Eoad Compan}' to turn over its Eoad to the Count}', was accepted. At June session, 1860, Ditch No. 5, in Mon- clova ; No. 9, in Oregon; and No. 10, in Syl- vauia, were authorized. At the December session, 1860, a petition was jiresented fr East ; also on the East by Sections (i and 7 in 12-niile Reserve ; on the South "by the Fulton line ; on the West by the line of original surveyed Town between Ranges 4 and 5 East ; and North bj' the Harris line. WASHINGTON. Incorporated June, 1S40, and bounded on the North by the Harris line ; on the East by the line between Ranges 8 and 7 East, and Town 9 South to the City limits of Toledo ; thence by the City line to the Southwest corner of said limits ; thence South to the Fulton line ; thence along the Fuhon line to Spring- field Township ; and on the West by Springfield and Sylvania. MANH.\TTAN. Incorporated June, 1840, and bounded as follows: On the East by the West line of Sections 19 and 30 in Town 9 South, Range 9 East; South by the South line of Sections 2."), 20, 27, 28 and 29 in Town 9 South, Range 8 East ; AVest by the Easterly line of the City limits of Toledo and the West line of Sections (i, 7, 18 and 19, in Town 9 South, between Ranges 7 and 8; and North by the Harris line. FULTON.* Incorporated March, 1841, with the following boundaries: On the North by the South line of Sections 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 and 36, in Town [T South of Range 4 East ; on the East by the West line of Rich- field and Wing Townships ; on the South by the North line of Sections 7, 8. 9, 10, 11 and 12, in Town- ship 2 North of Range 8 East ; and West by the West lines of Section 6 in Town 7 North, and Section 31 in Town 8 North, Range 8 East, and by W^est lines of Sections 6 and 7 in fractional Township 10 South, Range 4 East. Incorporated by the Commissioners, March, 1841, with the following boundaries : On the North by the South line of Sections 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30 in Town 9 South of Range 3 East ; on the East by the West line of Sections 31 in Town 9 South, and ii and 7 in Town 10 South, Range 4 East, and l)y Section 31 in fractional Township 8 North, Range S East, and Sec- tion 6 in Town 7 North, 8 East; South by the North line of Sections 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 in Town 7 North of Range 7 East ; and on the West by the West line of Section (i in Town 7 North, Range 7 East, and Sec- tion 31 in fractional Township 8 North, Range 7 East, and West line of Sections 6 and 7 in fractional Township 10 South, Range 3 East, and Section 31 in Town 9 South, Range 3 East. FRANKLIN'.* Incorporated March, 1841, and bounded as follows : On the North by the South line of Sections 31, 32, .33, 34, 35 and 36, iii Town 9 South, Range 1 East ; on the East by the West line of 6 and 7 in fractional Town 10 South, Range 2 East, and West line of Section 31, in fractional Town 8 North, Range 6 East, and West line of Section 2, Town 7 North, Range 6 East; on the South by the North line of Sections 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 ; and on the West by the West line of the County. DOVER.* Incorporated June, 1843, and constituted as fol- lows : All of fractional Township 10 South of Range 2 East ; all of fractional Tciwnsbip S, Range 6 East, and Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and ti from Township 7 North, Range 6 East. SPENCER. Incorporated March, 184.5, and consisted of Sec- tions 31, 32. 33, 34, 35 and 36, in Town 9, Range 5 Eiist ; Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, -5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1 and 12, in Town 10 South, Iviinge 5 East ; and Sections 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35 Town 8 North, Range 9 East. PROCEEDINGS OF COURT OF COiMMON PLEAS. As elsewhere stated, the action of the first session of the Court of Common i'leus in and for Lucas County, hold September 7, 18;i5, un- der very peculiar circumstances, consisted of the appointment of Dr. Horatio Coiiant as Clerk of the Court, and of John Baldwin, ilob- ert Gower and Cyrus HoUoway as County Commissioners, after which the Court ad- journed. The second term of the .saino Court began April 27, 1836, when David Higgiiis, President ; and J. H. Jerome, Baxter Bowman and William Wilson, Associate Judges, were present, with Horatio Conant as Clerk. The first Grand Jury of the County was there organized, con- sisting of Jacob Gnaggy, Henry Dilgart, Allison DeMott, Samuel Searing, Oscar White, Alonzo Noble, James John, Cornelius Wiltse, Silas Barns, Darius Mills, James M. Whitney, Calvin Comstock, Coleman I. Keeler, Willard J. Dan- iels, and Luke Draper. Samuel Soaring was appointed Foreman of tho Jury. At this term an Auctioneer's license was granted to Munson H. Daniels of Toledo, for S5.00 and fees ; Samuel Soaring of Maumee was appointed Inspector of Fish for the Countj^ ; William Siblej- was appointed Guardian of William and Julia Ann Mills, of Washington ; a license was granted to Mortimer H. Williams to keep a Tavern, for S15 and fees; the same to Benj. D. Coffin, of Maumee, for $12 and fees ; the same to James John and John C. Allen, of Maumee, for §15 and fees ; tho same to John Burdo of Maumee, for |10 and fees. License was granted to Alva D. Wilkison, to keep a Ferry across the Maumee lliver, opposite the Toledo House, in Toledo. Jonathan Wood was licensed to keep a Ferry across the Maumee River, at his residence in Maumee, for S7 50. C. P. Johnson was licensed to keep a Ferry across the same, at his residence in Manhattan, for 85.00 and fees. The rates of ferriage were the same in all cases. Cornelius G. Shaw, the pioneer Auctioneer at Toledo, was licensed, pay- ing therefor 85.00. At this term declarations of their intention to become citizens of the United States by nat- uralization, were filed by George Bevens, Thomas Corlett, Thomas Southard, James Southard, Eichard Greenwood and Alexander 320 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Bowman, all natives of Great Britain, and all but Mr. Greenwood living in what is now Washini^ton Township. The first civil action in aLucas County Court, was the case of Richard Stiles ea; dem. of David Ladd, vs. Richard Roe, aims R. A. Forsyth and Smith Daggett. The first Petit Jury consisted of John Pet- tinger, Edward Corser, Jarvis Gilbert, William Martin, Willard Gunu, Ralph Farnsworth, Se- lah Divine, Ilenry A. Cooper, Amos Stow, John Baldwin, Hopkins S. Mills, and Samuel R. Jen- nings. Under appointment ly the Court, Andrew Coffinbur}- acted as Piosecuiing Attorney at this term, for which he was allowed 815. The Sheriff and Clerk were each allowed §40 for services in cases where the State should fail. The term continued for two days and tried two criminal cases and one civil case. The third term of this Court commenced No- vember 5, 1836, with Judges Higgins, Bow- man and Baldwin, present. The following persons constituted the Grand Jury : Paris Pray, John Wiltse, John Webb, Henry Reed, Sen., Bisho]) Suydam, Christian Swartz, Wm. DeMott, John Walters, Peter Stray er, James Egnew, James Knaggs, William Richards, Ab- ner Moultou, Richard Foster and L. S. Lowns- bury; Paris Pra}' acting as Foreman. In consideration of the fact, that Attorneys of Ohio were admitted to practice in the Courts of Michigan, without formal admission to the Bar of that State, Warner Wing and Robert McClelland of Monroe, Mich, an, wei-e granted like privilege at this Court This is under- stood to have been the first ai;t of comity and good neighborhood occurrinajjetween the par- ties to the " Toledo War," aftc' the close of that contest. At the same time a i for the reason named in the foregoing cani 'Joseph R. Wil- liams, a member of the Bar . Massachusetts, was admitted to practice in ( * -.t. At this term the first cler .. Jiiian, Rev. Orin Mitchell, of the Methodist Lij' .ould continue such regular Minister in said loiurch." John Fitch was appointed li/y the Court as Prosecuting Attorney, and Aivti.'ew CoflSnbury as Assistant, for the term, (i/ch action had been made necessary from thtfiifact that E. D. Potter, who was elected Prose iuting Attorney in October previous (being the first election after the erection of the County), declined to accept the position, for the reason that the Court had fixed the pay at the low rate of S5II per year. Such action, in a pecuniary sense, was justified by the fact that he earned during the year several times $50, by defending parties on trial. Mr. Potter was the Democratic can- didate at the election, his Whig opponent being Tappan Wright, a brother ot the late Judge John C. Wright. The Whigs had a majority in the County, and Mr. Potter was elected by running ahead of liis ticket in Water- ville Township, for which he was indebted to the support of the Pray family, who had known him in the State of New York. The first native of Ireland declaring in a Lucas County Court his intention to become a citizen of the United States, was Patrick Donar, the same having been done at this term. He was the leader of the long line of his fellow- countrymen, who since have here in the same way assumed the privileges and i-esponsibilities of American citizenship. Eli Hubbard and Julia Wilson were ap- pointed Administrators on the estate of Wm. Wilson, deeea.sed ; and Fredei-ick A. Rew, Ad- ministrator on the estate of Peter Lombar, de- ceased. Tavern licenses were granted to Peter Minor, of Providence ; L. S. Lown.sbury, of Sylvania; and D. C. Middleton, Charles Patterson, Heze- kiah Hubbell and Wm. Ford. The v^'ill of Wm. Sibley of Port Lawrence Township, was probated, with Horace Thachcr as Executor, and Rebecca Sibley as Executrix. Rev. John W. Alvord, a Minister of the Con- gregational Church, was authorized to solem- nize marriages. The first criminal proceeding for illegal vot- ing in the County was the case of Matthew Byrnes, who pleaded guilty to the charge of voting in two Townships at the preceding elec- tion, and was fined $50 and costs. The first person to whom naturalization pa|)ers were issued in the County, was John Leybourne, of Washington Township, who had filed hispi'elimiuary declaration with the Court of Monroe County, in 1831. The third term of this Court convened Aj)ril 24, 1837, John Baldwin appearing as Associate Ju here like authority had been granted him in 1831. The fourth term of Common Pleas Court convened July 10, 1837. Tavern licenses were then granted to Benj. D. Cotfin, at La Point Place, Waterville Town- ship, lie afterwartls lived at Maumee, wliere he was Dejjuty under Sheritf Sliaw, and where he died. At this term 13 diiferent parties were in- dicted for selling liquors without license, in- cluding one of the Judges of the Court. In that case (says the record), " came the Prose- cuting Attorney and said he would not further prosecute the suit; therefore, it was ordered that the said defendant go acquit aTid be re- leased from his recognizance." Several con- victions were had under these indictments, in which cases, upon pleas of guilty, the jiai'ties were each fined from 85.00 to $10.00 and costs, tiie latter being about ?5.00. The tine of $10.00 \ as in cases of second offenses. John Mack was ajipointed Deputy Clerk, on request of Horatio Couaut, Clerk. July 27, 1837, a special term of the Court convened, when James Myers acted as Clerk. The April term for 1838, began April 30th, when the Court consisted of Ozias Bowen, President, and J. H. Jerome, James Wolcott, and John Berdan, Associate Judges. The Grand Jury consisted of Samuel DeMott, Wiley Hamilton, Samuel Barrett, A. W. Boj-nton, Solomon Johnson, John Knaggs, Coleman 1. Keeler, Joseph Eoop, Thomas Clark, Josiah Baker, James ^V. Converse, Avery Lamb, Geo. Knaggs, Henry W. Goettell, Coleman I. Keeler, Jr.; Coleman I. Keeler acting as Foreman. This term was chiefly distinguished for the then unjirecedented number of collection suits, and ai)])lications for " benefit of the insolvent laws. ' In several instances debtors wore com- mitted to the custody of the Sheriff anodd, John Booth, Philip I. Phillips, Smith Daggett, Hiram Steele. J. W. Converse, David Mills, Catharine Mead, John J. Voglesang, Jesse Blue, George Hall, David Johnson, B. W. Merrill, Wm. W. Wilson, Joseph Hartweli, Alk'U D. Gibbon.s ; for Ferry li- censes, from Jonathan Wood and Harmon Crane; and Caravan license from Latham Hoadley. The collections for Road puiposes, were as follows: Port Lawrence, SI, .'51 3.7.5 ; 'Wavne.stield, $656.20; Waterville, $12S.;n ; Sylvania, $52.,S9 ; Wing, $2.08; Swan Creek. $7.71 ; Springfield, $15.30 ; Providence, f24.2S; York, $17.30. ■ Total, $2 269.08. The collections for Township and Poor purposes in 1837, were: For Port Lawrence, $402.78; for VVaynesiield, $214.99; Waterville, $41.1.5; Sylvania, $17.63; W'ing. $0.68; Swan Creek. $2..57 ; Springfield, $5.10; Providence, $8.09 ; York, 15.77. Total, $699.79. COUNTY AFFAIRS. .■!2S The following persons paid for Tavern licenses in 1842: Oliver Pray, Abnim Lewis, Patrick McCarthy, Thomas Wood, A. J. Majors, S. (_i. Hoacli, Pobert A. Howard, Henrv C. Jordan, Win. D. Ilcnick, Aniv Adams, Catharine RU-ad, Philip I. Phillips, L. Rad- way, Wm. Stair, P. C. Mosicr, U. Hastings, !•;. Clark, E. 15. Hodd, Josejih W. Converse, G. W. Koote. Wm. Kingsljury. Antoine Murk, Jonathan Neeley, Jairus Manning, J. M. Warner, George Williams, James Carr, Charles Grnber, S. F. Howard, M. Schonacker. The first order tor the payment of money by the Connty Treasurer was issued to Abraham Sarbcr for services on ■State Road, an, 1S87. It covere 00 Baxter Bowman, Associate Jtnlge 2'2 50 Samuel Barrett, County Commis-sioner Hi 00 Robert Gower. County Commissioner 57 '25 John Baldwin, County Commissinner 20 \'l William P. Daniels, Coutit\ Cumniissioner 10 00 .\ndrew Cotfinbnry. Proseeuliiii^ Attorney 4C O'l Horatio Conant, Clerk of Common Pleas 20 00 Sheriff, for advertising elections in 181') and 1836 '^8 Tl Sheriff's aUo\vauee 40 00 Grand and Petit Jurors' fees, and witnesses' fees in State cases 15105 Justices' and Constables' fees in criminal cases 41 10 Coroner's and .lurors on imiuests 07 03 Judges and Clerks of elections 58 00 C. Comstock, attending ('onrt as Constable 6 .50 Averill & Way, for i)riuting 7 00 Schipper, publishing dclimiuent list (in BUulc) 18.% 10 IX) S M. Young, Comity Auditor's fees, vtc 3fil 63 Prosecutions of Grocers and passers of counterf't money » 42 50 Otfice rent, statiouery, books, &c 73 37 Making of records, &c 35 00 Expenses for a Court room *20 37 John II, Hobart, As.sessor for 1836 76 04 — Stow, Deputy .\ssessor IS :J3 John B. Abcll, Assessor tor l.S:i7 170 ,50 D. Newell, County s, -at Locating Commissioner 45 00 J. M. Gray, County-Scat L^ cents. For County and Scliool purposes 50 '* For Road purposes 30 '* For Township purposes _ 10 " For the purpose of recei^■i^g taxes, I will attend myself or by Deputy in the several Townships, at the usual places'of hold- ing elections therein, on the following days, to wit ; Sylvnnia, September 4th Waynesfield, September '.Hh. Siiriuglield, .September 5th. Port Lawrence. September Ilth. Wing, September 6th. Swan C'rtvk. SeiitcinluT lith. Waterville, September 7th. York. Septeniln-r l:;ih. Providence. September 8th. Chesterfield. September Mth. ,\t Phillip's Corners, in Royalton, September l.'ith ; at the hon.^e of S. I Keeler, in .Vmboy. September ICith: and at my of- tiee in Toledo, during the months of October and Xovember. A penalty of 10 per cent, accrues on all taxes which remain due and unpaid from and after the first day of December next. S. L. Collins, County Treasurer. Toledo, August 15, 1837. A spmewhat remarkable showing was made of the condition of the Lucas County finances, covering the time between June 9, 1SH7, and October 27, 1838. It ajipeared, that with §3,051.12, as total collections from taxes tor County purposes for 1837, the expenses for prosecutions in State cases alone, had reached ^4,n()7.li7, dui'ing the Itl months above stated, being §1,616.58 more than the entire collec- tions for County purposes in 1837. Of the amount expended, §1,-140.95 was for subsisting |)risoners; $1,68."). 70 for jurors and witnesses ; $628.30 for Justices' and Constables' fees ; §227.03 for County Treasurer's fees for redeem- ing orders. The entire amount received for fines and recognizances, was §99.94. It seems that no small portion of these expenses were incurred in the conviction and support of parties who committed petty crimes for the ))urpose of securing comfortable Winter quar- ters at the public expense. Tlius, one of the County boarders was confined lor the fourth time, his offense consisting of stealing ati old razor-strop, worth not more than six cents ; whereas, the cost of boarding him « as between §200 and §300. That was a period of extreme financial depression throughout the country, and especially at the West. The following is a recapitulation of taxable valuations for Lucas County, in the year 1837: Tuwtvships. Port Lawrence Waynesfield Waterville Sylvania Wing* Swan Creek* Springfield Providence York* Clinton* Gorham* Chesterfield* Eoyalton* Amboy* Oregon 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Totals. Lands. 17,070 10,917 4,431 2,722 2,070 1,099 150 3'436 41,807 Value. 145,303 78,378 31,875 10,195 400 6,G7B 4,200 BOO 320 30"i70 308,111 Tmtm Lots Valiw. 315,659 165,4.56 19,098 45,948 5,07 7,282 528,517 Horses. Caltk. No. 261 240 93 50 5 18 52 35 28 38 6 9 21 11 26 891 Valm. 10,440 9,600 3.720 2,000 280 720 2,080 1,400 1,120 1,520 160 360 840 440 1,040 35,640 No. Valite. 405 268 3,720 2,144 218 1,744 242 38 1,936 304 125 1,000 "22 1,408 176 155 1,240 155 73 1,240 584 89 712 184 110 1,472 881 80 640 2,400 19,200 Pleasure Carriage 960 120 510 50 30 50 2,810 SfercbarUs Capital and Money. 18,125 36,104 2,400 2,550 300 "200 1,320 300 100 75 1,000 62,474 Total I'aluation. $484,307 282,892 59,347 32,687 1,204 1,720 10,364 12,195 3,260 2,760 744 1,172 2,(>32 1,395 13,083 $956,852 *Siiice set off to Fulton County. COUNTY AFFAIRS. 325 As shown in the foregoing table, the average valuation of lands was ST.SIJ per acre; the valuation of horses, S40 ; and that of cattle 88. Pleasure carriages, then by no moans common, anil possessed chiefly by those having for them other use than that of " ])leasure," ranged from S!!() upward. Of these there wore then but 25 in what now constitutes the Counties of Lucas and Fulton — nine in Port Lawrence, eight in Wa> iiestield, five in Waterville, one in Syl- vania, one in Providence, and one in Oregon ; the average value of the same having been S112 Of the persons charged with taxes on personal property in 181-57, not to be found by the Treasurer, tliere were 40 in Port Law- rence, 16 in Wajniesfield, five in Wing, tliree in Providence, and 20 in York — a total of lOO. This fact indicates something of the unsettled condition of the popuhition in that early and formative period. And yet, the aizgregate de- linquencies in payments at the close of that year, amounted to only SSCJS.lti, in a total {' the Government under Jackson's Administration, wherebj' the currency of the countr3' was enormously inflated by excessive Hank issues, speculation was rife and heavy investments made in Government lands throughout tiie West. From this source, largely, the public resources became much greater than was the demand of the service. Con.se(|uonlly, a lai-ge surplus was accumulated, the disposal of which came to be a leading question in National politics. The Whigs demanded the distribu- tion of the surplus money among the States, while the partj- of the Adminisiration (tlie Democi-ats) were disposed to hold it in the Treasury, for an emergency that miglit arise. At the session of 18:;6-7, Congress ])assod a law providing for the distribution of this siir])lus, according to the rejirescntation of the sovoral States in Congress. The amount coming to Ohio, was 82,686,347.12. By act of .March 28, 1837, the State Legislature a])])orlioned this sum among the several Counties, according to their population, where the money was to be loaned bj^ the Count}' Commissioners at the rate of per cent, interest, on good I'eal estate security. The amounts assigned to the several Counties named were as follows: Huron, 801,144.07; Seneca, 831,755.73: Sandusky, 821,270.70; Wood, S14,-197. 15; Lucas, 81 1.229.39 ; Paulding, 85,384.41 ; Hamilton, 8119,tl42.80 ; AVilliam.s, 85,014.09 Henry, 85.615.09 : Franklin, 840,164.05; Cuyahoga, 8(i0,489.27. The ratio was 811.22 per voter. At the time, this distribution of mone\- was generally re- garded as a great benefit to tiie countr}-, and especially to the borrowers — so much so, that there was no little contention among appli- cants, and jealousy awakened by alleged " favoritism " on the part of the (commissioners. But when the loan had terminated and the money was to be paid — as much of it was upon suit and foreclosure of mortgages — there arose sei'ious doubt as to benefit derived from the use of the moncj-. In fact, the common judgment wiis, that more harm than good came of the transaction. Many a suffering farmer then wished the money ha per foot front. The site of the present Hall Block, corner Superior and Jefferson (lots 177 and 178) was delinquent in SI. 10 taxes. The Union Hotel Comjniny owned lots 109, 111) and 111, South side, and lots 119 and 12(1, North side Summit Street, next to Adams, extending from Trinity Church to the River. The valuation of those was S700, and the amount of (_'ity ta.x §40.23. Lot 122, Northwest corner of Summit and Adams, belonging to the same Company, was taxed §17.86. Trinity Church lot (103) corner St. Cl.iir and Adams, was taxed §18.90, of which §17.86 was for Summit Street grade tax. Lot 95, the property of Ira Smith, South side Summit and next to Madison West (site of Store of C. L. Luce & Co.), was valueii at §140, with a general tax of §1.10, and a Water Street im- provement charge of §770.28. Lots 105, 106 and 107, owned by Edward Bissell, South side Summit, between Adams and Madison (includ- ing the present Toledo Commercial building, 178 Summit), were charged 85,288.64, or 822.03 per foot Iront as Water Street tax. Lot 108, on the Southwest corner of Adams, paid or was taxed §1,043.60, of which §1,040.14 was for Water Street. Vistula Division: Lots 1,423, 1,424, 1,425, 1,434, 1,435, 1,436, 1,437, and 1,438 (8 in num- ber, ami 100x128.4 feet in size), comprising the present site of the Court House, were valued at §40 each, with a total tax of 82.51, or 31.4 cents ])er lot. That was some 13 years before the property was selected for its present use. Lot 489, corner of Cherr\ and Superior, on which then stood the First Presbyterian Church, and now the site of St. Francis de Sales Catholic Church, was valued (with building) at §1,620, and was charged §12.73 taxes. It stood in the name of John Berdan & Co. It never belonged to the Church. Lot 480, owned by M. H. Til- den, Northeast corner ofSuperior and Walnut, now the site of M. D. Carrington's residence, was valued at §20, and taxed §1.04. Lots 601 and 602, Northwest corner of Huron and Lo- cust, then owned by J. R. Williams, and now the residence of Fred. Eaton, were valued at §240, and taxed §1.73. Lot 1,077, the site of St. Mary's Catholic Church, corner Cherry and Michigan Streets, was valued at §80, with a tax of 62 cents — being owned by the American Land Company. Lot 1,103, the property of Sidney Bi.ssell, was valued at §20, and taxed 8L04. It is now ihe site of the Moulding Works, corner of Chestnut and Champlain Streets. One-half of lots 743 and 744, North- east corner Cherry and Erie Streets, then be- longing to Pierre M. Irving, was valued at 889, and taxed at 78 cents. The jiroperty was never improved and has thus lain since jilatted in 1832. In 1836 it was held at §50(1. Calcula- ting the interest as doublini;; every ten years — it has done that oltencr in Toledo— and the value of M years ago, now (1887) amounts to 824,000. Calling the average of taxes §10 per 3'ear (and it has probably been more than that), these with interest, now stand at §3,850, making a grand total of §27,850, as the inveslmcnl made in ])roperty which is worth abo.it one-third that amount. It is now owned by Maro Wheeler. A like arithmetical calculation as to all other City property which has lain for the half-cen- tury without use, would ])resent a startling ag- gregate And yet, the proportion of such in Toledo has been far below the average of Cities of its age. In very few of these, has invest- ment in real estate been attended with equal return. Lots 310, 311 and 313, North side of Summit, between Lagrange and Elm, owned by Edward Bis.sell, were taxed §14.74 each for .Sum mit Street improvement. The block bouiuled by Madison and Jefferson and 13th and I4lli Streets, containing 10 lots, and now the resi- dence of S. M. Young, was valued at §15 ])er lot, and taxed 11.7 cents each. It was then con- sidered too far from the settled poi'tioiis of tlic City to have actual market value. And yet, it was only 13 years later, that James Johnson erected the dwelling now occupied by .Mr. Young. Lots 801, 8(')2, 806, 807 and 808, North side Ontario, between Chestnut and Mulberrj', belonging to Sidney Bissell, were ottered for sale for taxes in 1839, without purchaser, at 81.14 each ; and again offered in 184(1 at the same price, without sale. The block now occu- pied by the Central School and Manual Train- ing School building, were ottered for sale in 1840, at 52^ cents each, the taxable valuation being §10. These lots were 10 in numbei- and were loOxlOO feet in size, and might all have been purchased for §5.25, with the liabilities to redemption under the law. There were 520 lotsin abody in Vistula Division, theaggregate valuation of which was §5,200, and the tax levy- under which they all were ottered fbrsaleonly §273. They comprised nearly all lots in Vis- tula Division between Nos. 1180 and l()5(i — an aggregate of 450, largely in the Third Ward and constituting much of the best improved property in the City. Some 80 lots in Port Lawrence, owned by the Erie <& Kalamazoo Railroad Company, were valued at §20 each, and taxed §1.04, or §83.92 in all. Oliver's Ad- dition pretty much entire - from No. 1 to 311 — was included in the sale of 1840. l-^-oni No. 1 to 200, the valuation was §60, and the balance 820 — all standing in the name of W'm. Oliver. B. F. Stickncy had in the Vistula list, 180 lots, of values of 820 to §140, ami scattered as to numbers between 239 and 1,133. The Ameri- can Land Companj' had 80 lots in Vistula, while of 600 lots in the same, the owners were " unknown." 328 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. By all odds, the Manhattan Land and Eail- voad Coiiiiiaiiy represented in this list the lari^cst (|iiantity of pro])erty. It embraced very nearly the entire plat of Manhattan, con- sisting of 5,250 lots, constituting 211 blocks, of from 4 to :^)2 lots each. The values oftlielots were $1(1, ^15, $2ied, and say if any reward, except the kind consideration of his fellow-citizens, can compensate him for the in- tense anxiety which every commander must suffer, not only from concern for his own errors in judg- ment, but for the mistaken judgment and defective execution of his sufjordinates. The painful emotions were increased when I considered who they were that then gathered upon this spot. Lawyers were here, who left their briefs ; physicians, who had left their instruments ; mechanics, who had left their tools; and, above all, the yeoman who had left his plow in the furrow and his fields uncultivated, to give up that life that was necessary and dear to his family, to his country, if her good required it. I knew, too, gentlemen, that by coming here to-day, 1 sliould be able to take I)y the hand men — brave and good men — wdio fought in and who accomiilished the Revolution. I behold them here. Would to God, that long ago they could have been placed in the .situation they deserve. Why, fellow-citizens, should tlie army of Wayne have been so long neglected? The American Revolution terminated, not at York- town, nor at anv other Town, Ijut on this battlefield, in August, 1794. fntil that day, the settlers of the West were constantly assailed and made victims of the tomahawk and tlie scalping-knife. Why the dis- tinction between those who acted in the War proper of the Revolution and those who .struck the finishing fjlow in the work of the National defense? If any distinction were to be made, to my nnnd it appears that it should be in favor of him wiio fought the sav- age in a savage country. 'Where the country is set- tled, remedies and means of comfort for tlie sick and 336 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. wounded are easily procured ; but where could tlie sick and wounded Soldier of Wayne be borne lor necessary comfort and shelter ? Whenever after the war, you saw a poor object moving about, from set- tlement to settlement, seeking in intemperance tem- porary alleviation from pain and sorrow, you found on inquiry, that he had been a Soldier of the Revolu- tion. I never ceased to employ my humble efforts in behalf of the Soldier of the frontier. I always in- sisted that the debt of these Soldiers should be paid first of all. The Treasury can afford it, if the string of the door-latch is kept pulled in. I refused, when in Congres.s, to vote for the liill allowing members $1,.^00 a session, until provision should be made for Kevolutionarv and other Soldiers. Gentlemen, I have little to" say to you upon the politics of the times. Tliat subject 1 must leave to be touched upou by others. But I must be iiermitted to say, that the" charge that I refuse to declare my opinions, is untrue. Indeed, I believe that no pledges should be given. I have always supposed tliat the best guar- anty for fidelity would be the previous conduct of the man whose acts had been performed under no temptation to deceive. Not leastoftheeventsof the occasion, was the Mock Battle ou the night of the first day, in which a portion of the military in the fort, met a force of five tribes of Indians banded together outside under their chosen Tecumseh, which was witnessed by an immense throng of spec- tators. The following public account of the engagement was written by Geo. Dawson, then the editor of the Detroit Advertiser, and for many years thereafter the profirietor of the Albany Evening Journal : The old battleground, on the night of the 10th pre- .sented a scene worth a journey of a tliousand miles to see. During the day Major Fay's Buffalo detach- ment pitched their snowy tents on the Old Fort, and planted their standards " on the outer walls." Their beautiful brass war-dog breathed defiance to the Brit- ish batteries of Fort Miami across the River. The Cleveland Grays displayed a similar encampment at an equally commanding position on Fort Meigs, and their flag was unfurled over the mar(juee of Col. In- graham. The Toledo Guards also arrived, and the Old Fort again exhibited all the ** Pride, pomp and circumstance of glorious -war." As evening came on, who could describe the en- campment ? The bivouac of an army with bannere was presented. The Fort itself was a mass of life and splendor, and the low, sparse greenwood adja- cent was brilliant in every direction with watch-fires, and picturesque with tents, Hags and banners. The patriotic shout and song went up from thousands of freemen preparing to sojourn for the night on grounds hallowed by deeds of deathless renown. From still farther in the woods the whoop of the savage was oc- casionally heard ; for there five tribes had banded under the brave Tecumseh, preparing wigwams, kindled a council fire, and were concerting an attack of extermination on the Fort that night. Heaven's arch above was clear, bright and glorious. The meeting for speaking had held till midnight, when suddenly was heard the alarm drum, the trumpet's clangor, the savage yell, the rifle's crack, the blazing musketry, and the cannon's roar. The firing com- menced with a few scattering shots from the picket- guards. In a moment the sharp crack of an Indian rifle was heard from the adjoining thicket. At first the reports were scattered and infrequent, but mo- mentarily became more frequent. Very soon a lire was opened from the lower part of the Fort by the musketry, aroused and gathered by the first shot of the guard. Then were heard volleys of musketry from the upper part of the battery, opposite which point the sharp crack of the Indian rifle had also been heard. Volleys were regular, whole companies firing at once ; but soon the order was given to load and fire as rapidly as possible, when the air rang with continuous cracking of musketry for several minutes. Then were "let slip the dogs of war." The heavy crash of the cannon added sublimely to the scene, and as the din of small arms increased, and the report of cannon Isecame more frequent, and the shouts of the soldiery were heard above the thumler of roaring artillery, it was ditficult to keep off the impression that we were in confiict with the foe, and that Fort Meigs was again the scene of deadly strife. The illu- sion was perfect and the scene sublime. The lighting up of the heavens by the quick flashes from the small arms ; the thick .smoke w hich rolled out from the cannon's mouth ; the rushing soldiery as they changed position to repel the attacks of the a.ssailants ; the burnished musket, as it cast back the reflections of the moonbeams, presented a spectacle really magnifi- cent. And when to it is addeil the cheers of the vast multitude gathered to witness the siege, the echo of the cannon's roar, as it boundeegislature from this Dis- trict, nill be present to speak to the Peo]ile and learn their wishes. Come u]), then, one and all — Farmers, Mechanics, Merchant.s and Professional Men and let nscounsel together. Friends of Clay and C'orwin, turn out. and organize for the coming eli'ction I AROCSE, WHIGS! and make one more struggle for the election of honest men, the a.scendancy of correct principles and the |iayinent of the Contractors and Laborers on the Public Works ! Delegates are to he appointed to attend a Whig Mass Convention at Tiffin, in Seneca Countv, on Friday, the -'.'A instant, where TOM CORWIN,"the Wagoner Boy,"T()M EWIXG, "the Salt Boiler," and many other i>ninii- nent Whig Speakers, will be present and aildress the People. Rally, Whigs! Rally as you did in 1S40, and all will lie well. M. R. Waite, C. Matthews, S. L. Collins, Dan. .Segcr, ('has. W. Hill, Wliig Ci'ulml CommiUce. September 5, 1842. This matterwould hardly be coinjilelc, with- out the characteristic description ot tiic "(ierry- raander," by the ^Vliig Poet of tlio time, .iolin Greiner, w'ho, for many years, bore a proiniiicnl j)art in political campaigns in Ohio : THE GERRYMANDER; on the ani.mals stirred ui' with a long pole. TvfiE— Rosin the Bow. Come all ye Young Whigs of Ohio, All ye, who are curious to see The Wonderful Worlts of Creation, Composing the Mena(;ekik. Holmes. Summit and Wayue in this tigure. Display all the forms of a CiCAii., Escaped from the bands of its lieeper And tied with the lo.ss of its tail. HereFranlilin, Champaii^n and Miami, With Logan ami Maili.^(»n, too: A sprightly and t>cautilnl creature. Is this same little Ka.nuakoo. Old Ross, Adams, .lackson and Hocking, Would make a Greyhound without fall, And Pike, the strong-hold of the Locos, Lies snug at the root of the taiL Washington, Scioto and Lawrence, (Be sober, ye W^higs, aucl don't laugh). With Gallia, Meigs and Old .\thens, Present to your view a Giraffk. There's Morgan, and Perry and Licking, Into Congress one Toiilor to help. In which you see j>laiuly out-sticking The form of a huge \Vater-Wiiei.i". In Delaware, Kno.x and Coshocton, We surely discern a great Whale. If the geniiis of man can concoct one Complete, with head, body and lail. In Marion. Richland and Union. A Torpedo's shape is displayed, Where Locos enjoyed sweet communion. And thought to live long " in the shade." 340 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Cuyahoga, with Lake, Ashtabula, A Crocodile on Erie's shore— A collection of " Varmints," this, truly, Whose like ha.s been seen ne'er before. The result of the vote in Lucas County in 1842, was as follo-ws : Governor— Corwin (Whig), 805; Shannon (Demo- crat), (iOii ; Lewis King (Anti-Slavery), 3. The Whigs had about L'OO majoritj- on their whole ticket. Horace VVaite, of Maumee, was elected Commissioner, over James McCabe ; and James M. Whitney, James Trowbridge and James Wilkison, Directors of the Poor, over Peter H. Shaw, Andrew Printupand Wm. Limbrick. James B. Steedman and Gilman C. Mud- get ( Democrats) were elected in the Representative District. The Blade announced the result in the State with th is introduction : " The Old Coon is Dead ! that ' same Old Coon ' i.s dead, at last ! We are completely used up ! " The Democrats gained largely through the Whig resignations, and had a larger majority in the Legislature than before; while Wilson Shannon was elected Governor, over Corwin, by 3,3-1:3 majority', against Corwin's majoritj- of 16,130 over him"in 1840. So, the " Gerryman- der Monster " was not "killed " by Whig rash- ness, but lived through his appointed decade of life. 1843. The Whigs held their County Convention August 10, 1843, with B. F. Stickney as Presi- dent, and C. Matthews as Secretary. The fol- lowing delegates were present from the Town- ships named : Springfield— A. U. Hamilton, Harvey Kellogg, Herbert Holloway, Jacob Knaggy, A. H. Drummond, Thomas Wood, Samuel Divine, John Wilsey, John Burdo. Richfield — Isaac Washburn, Pliny Sander- son, Marcus Burnett. Waterville — H. J". Curtiss. Waynesfield — James Wilkison, F. E. Kirtland, C. A. Lamb, U. Spencer, Henry Reed, Jr., H. F. Waite, George Richardson, 0. Matthews. Port Lawrence — George B. Way, 0. M. Dorr, C. W. Hill, S. B. Com- ■stock, D. McBain, B. F. Stickney, Edson Allen, C. G. Keeler. Washington — G. G. Shaw. Manhattan — Wni. Martin, 1. S. Parker. A second County Convention September 20th, of which Horace Waite was President and A. W. Fairbanks and O. Johnson, Secretaries, nominated a County ticket. The vote of Lucas County, in October, 1843, •was as follows : Congress— M. H. Tilden, 697 ; E. D. Potter, 6.33. Senator— J. G. Sackett, 752; J. W. Waters, 561. Rep- resentative — Wm. Sheffield, 757 ; S. S. Sprague, 564. Sheritr- C. G. Shaw, 493; E. S. Frost, 813. Auditor— IJrial Spencer, 940 ; Samuel Durgin, 402. Treasurer — F. E. Kirtland, 549 ; M. H. Butler, 279 ; John U. Pease,* .504. Commissioner- Galen B. Abell, 331 ; Arunah Lathrop, 439 ; Lyman Haughton,* 275. Coroner — John Hamilton, 740; Matthias Van Fleet, 673 ; G. G. Keeler, 96. Prosecuting Attorney— J. M. CofBnbury, 725; Frank Johnson, 716. Poor Direc- tors—James Trowbridge, 762 ; John W. Collins, 520 ; Lyman Parcber,* 73. (The first named were Whigs, the second Democratic, and those marked with a star (*) independent candidates.) The Blade spoke of the result as a " defeat, disgraceful to the Whig party," the editor feel- ing " angry, dispirited, humiliated." Judge Potter was elected to Congress over Mr. Tilden by 1,015 majority. 1844. The campaign of 1844 was made memorable by both the candidates and the issues involved. The Whigs nominated Henry Cla}', then that partj^'s favorite leader; while the Democrats, rejecting Mr. Van Buren, on the ground of his opposition to the annexation of Texas — had se- lected James K. Polk. The two main issues of the canvass, were the Tariff and the annexation of Texas to the Union, that then being an in- dependent Nation. The Whigs supported, and the Democrats opjwsed, the policy of Protection in the levy of import duties ; while the former opposed, and the latter fiivored, the admission of Texas. The campaign, while lacking in degree the more distinctive features of that of 1840, partook somewhat of its enthusiasm, while in partisan bitterness it e'xceeded its predecessoi'. The important question of the Tariff, before or since, has not been as thoroughlj' discussed, as it was at that time — a fact largely due to the candidacy of Mr. Clay, known as the "father of the American System." That gentleman found his chief embarrassment with the Texas question, in consequence of the recognized fact that the annexation of that Nation was sought in the interest of the South, as means for main- taining the political power of that section in tiie Government. Himself a Southern man, Mr. Clay found it difficult, wMiile opposing an- nexation, to avoid a seeming indifference to the will or interest of the South. In order to re- lieve himself of such embarrassment, it was, that he wrote his celebrated letter of July 1, 1844, in ■svhieh ho used the words ; " Personally, I have no objection to the annexation of Texas; but I certainly would not be willing to see the Union dissolved or seriouslj^ jeopardized, for the sake of acquiring Texas." This sentence, as the occasion, far more than as a just cause, of accusation of double-dealing with the question, may have been the turning point of Mr. Clay's candidacy. Being used as evidence of real sympathy on his part with annexation, it is probable that the State of New York, from that cause, was lost to him, and with that the Pi-es- idency— Polk's plurality there being only 5,106; while James G. Biruey (Anti-Slavery) received 15,812 votes, an increase of 13,004 over his vote in 1840, which increase was believed to be due mainly to the apprehension on the part of Anti-Slavery Whigs, that Mr. Clay was " personally" favorable, if not to the annexa- tion of Texas, at least to the strengthening of the Slave-holding power in the Government. POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTIONS. 341 It would certainly be a remarkable coincidence if two words — "personally," in 1844, and "Eo- manism " 4(1 years later — should each have de- cided a Presidential contest, and in each case by the change of a few votes in the State of New York. Encouraged by the signal success of the "Log Cabin and Hard Cider" campaign of 1840, the Whigs naturallj- were ready for a repetition of the same policy in the Presidential contest of 1844. While "the spirit of 1840" was yet with the party leaders and earnestness among the rank and file, the novelty of former methods had disappeared. To vary tlic pro- gramme, the " Coon " was made specially prominent in 1844. Thus, the Whigs had a favorite song, which was illustrated with the following picture, and commenced witli the words here quoted, to wit : As I walked out by de light ob de moon, Merrily singing dis old tune, Dali I spydat same Old Coon, A sittin' on a rail. A favorite picture with the Whig press throughout the campaign, was one which pre- sented the Democratic emblem (the Rooster) on his back, with the Coon on liim and " mak- ing the feathers fly." The result of the cam- paign, however, was sueii, tliat this picture was not in use-after the Presidential election. " The Hickory Club of Toledo " was organ- ized March 27, 1844, at the National Hotel, A. B. Waite, proprietor. The Club had a consti- tution of 18 sections, with 7 by-laws beside. Its declared object was " to render efficient aid to the Democratic party at all times, prior to and at the next Presidential canvass," &c. Its officers were : President, Lyman AVheeler ; 1st Vice-President, Edmunil Fitch ; 2d Vice-President, Clark H. Ryder ; Recording Secretary, Truman C. Everts ; Correspond- ing Secretary, D. O. Morton ; Treasurer, C. I. Scott. Vigilance Committee — First Ward, S. B. Scott, Pat. McCartv, J. J. Voglesang ; Second Ward, Thomas Cair, Ira L. Clark, Charles Mirtz ; Third Ward, .A. (jluin, A. Wilk^y, M. Slnnuakor. (Aiiniiiittcc on Print- ing, Timothy Tredwull, (i. 1). I'aliiier. Tlie first meeting for the Club, after ])erfcct- ing its organization, was in connection with the appointment of Canal Collector at Toledo. It seems that Clark H. Kyder had served in that capacity, and was the choice of the Club for re-appointment ; but the Hoard of i'ublic AVorks had aj)pointed Abnor L. Backus, of Maumeo City. The matter was referred to a special committee, wiiose report is not given. The following members of the Ohio l>egisla- ture were elected in 1844 : Senators — Lucas, Wood, Hancock and Ottawa, Charles W. O'Neal (VVliig); Huron and Kric, John H. Osborn (Whig); Sandusky, Seneca and Crawford, AmosE. Wood (Democrat). Kcprcscntativcs — Lucas, Wood, Hancock and Ottawa, Klijali nuntiiigt04; C. H. Coy, 1,.540. Sheriff— H. D. Kingsbury, 1,49.5 ; S. J. Springer, 1,576. Treasurer — Benjamin Joy, 1,633; Wm. Lim- brick, 1,338. Prosecuting Attorney — J. J. Manor, 1,541 ; H. L. Hosmer, 1,496. Commissioners — D. F. Cook, 1,.564; Wm. Taylor, 1,336; Dan. Segur, 1.444; S. C. Brainard, 1,538. Infirmary Director — Hathawav, 1,494; Andrew Printup, 1,514; Dennis Coghlin, 1,533; C. C. Lathrop, 1,526. 1856. The political chaos caused by the combined influences of the Kansas-Nebraska movement and the Know-Nothing or American organiza- tion, had so far been resolved to order, in 1856, as to bring forth the Eejiublican partj- for the Presidential campaign. Thatorganization was composed mainly from the Whig party (which practically ceased to be in 1854), with large numbers of Anti-Slavery Democrats. The American party maintained its organization and placed in the field a ticket (John Bell for President, Edward Everett for Vice-President). The Republican ticket consisted of John C. Fremont and Wm. L. Dayton ; while that of the Democrats was composed of James Bu- chanan and John C. Breckenridge. Between the latter two parties the main issue related to the Slavery question, as raised in the Kansas- Nebraska bill. On that, the South was an unit, while the North was divided. The re- sult was the success of the Democratic ticket. The vote in Lucas County at the State election, October, 1856, was as follows : Governor-S. P. Chase, 1,371 ; R. P. Rannoy, 1,629 ; Daniel Peck, 398. Judge of Common Pleas— S. F. Tay- lor, 1,381; Horatio Wildman, 1,621. Congress — Rich- ard Mott, 1,497 ; A. P. Edgerton, 1,602. Recorder— J. G. Khnck, 1,172; Thos. Brophy, 1,.595; C. B. Hol- loway, 536. Surveyor— W. M. VVhite, 1,356; W. H. Harris, 1,665; J. B. Mar.ston, 400. Commissioner (3 years)— John H. Whitaker, 1,.S51 ; Sereno C. Brai- nard, 1,655; W. H. Raymond, 483. Commissioner (1 year)— Wm. Taylor, 1,357; Dan. Segur, 1,.559; J. M. Brigham, 423. Infirmary Director (3 years) — John U. Pease, 1,335; Clark C. Lathrop, 1,6,55; Wm. Rich- ardson, 408. Same, 1 year — Jos. Langenderfer, ],.'>48 ; Jorathmel Colburn, 1,609; W. D. Herrick, 476. For Bank Charter, 1,6.50. Against same, 35. (First named being Republican, second Democratic, and third American candidates.) 1857. The Republicans held their County Conven- tion for 1857, on the 8th of August, with James M. Ashley as President, and B. W. Lendersou as Seca'etary. E. W. Lenderson was nominated for Auditor, H. D. Kingsbury for Sheriff, Henry Bennett for Probate Judge, F. A. Jones for Prosecuting Attorney, Peleg T. Clark for Clerk, Samuel Blanchard for Treasurer, Wm. Tajdor for Commissioner, R. A. Forsyth for Infirmary Director, and Dr. Valentine Braun for Coroner. The I)emocratic Representative Convention (Lucas and Fulton Counties) was held at Delta, August 19, 1857, with Freeborn Potter as President, and Patrick H. Dowling, of Lucas, and James K. Newcomer, of Fulton, as Secretaries. Octavius Waters was nomi- nated for Representative. The Lucas County American (Know-Noth- ing) Convention met at Monclova, August 22, 1857, and nominated the following ticket : Pro- bate Judge, Horace Thacher; Clerk, Warren Russell ; Sheriff, Wm. Warren ; Treasurer, B. H. Bush; Prosecuting Attorney, E. D.Nye; Commissioner, Wm. D. Herrick; Infirmarj^ Director, Moses McKissick ; Coroner, Dr. Chad- wick. The result in Lucas County was: Governor-S. P. Chase,* 1,632; H. B. Payne.T 1,661; P. Van Trump, j 203. Senator -C. W. Hill,* 1,801 ; J. N. AVestcott,-!- 1,633. Representative-S. A. Raymond,* 1,760; Octavius Waters,! 1,614. (* Re- publicans, t Democrats, t Americans.) The Republican candidates for Clerk, In- firmarj' Director, Sherifl', Coroner and Treas- urer were elected, and the Democratic candi- dates for Probate Judge (Thos. Dunla])), Com- missioner (Edward Bissell), Prosecuting At- torney (Ira E. Lee), and Auditor (C^n-us D. Hanks), were elected. Mr, Westcott (Democrat) was elected State Senator b}- 1H6 majority over General Hill. Mr. Raymond (Republican), was elected Represen- tative. Daniel F. Cook, of Maumee Cit}', was first nominated by the Republicans, but declined POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTIONS. 347 for the reason Ibat ho had no partisan policy which he wished tojjroniote. Chase was elected Governor by a vote of 1(>0,5(JS, to 1511,065 Cor Payne and 9,2(i3 for Yan Trump. 1858. The Republican Convention of the Fifth Con- gressional District, met at ])etiance, Jul}- 22, 1858, of which C. M. Godfrey, of Putnam, was President; John Taj-lor, of Dctiance, and J. W. Ross, of Wood, Vice-Presidents; and W. C. Earl of Lucas, E. A. ni<.i.iii8 of Wood, J. I). Baker of Defiance, E. W.Fuller of Fulton, Geo. Weimer of Henry, and I. R. Sherwood of Williams, Secretaries. A ballot for candidate for Congress stood; Richard Mott, 83 ; James M. Ashlej-, 110. Mr. Ashley was declared the nominee and addressed the Convention. It was generally understood, that but for a per- vading doubt as to Mr. Mott's accepting the position for a third term, he would have been nominated without serious opposition, he having served with very general acceptance. The vote in Lucas County, October 12, 1858, was as follows; Judge of Supreme Court — W. V. Peck,* 1,768; T. AV. Bartley,t l,oSl. Congress-J. M. A.shley,* 1,746; Wm. Munjien.t 1,557. Judge of Common Pleas Court- S. T. Worcester,* 1,7(14 ; Horatio Wild- man, t ],.507. Commissioner — Wm. Taylor,* ],7:J7; Benj. Joy.t 1,(>00. Coroner— Alfred Bostwick,* 1,804; Thos. Tiernan,f 1,494. Infirmary Director— I. N. Hathaway,* 1,(528; W. W. Ho\ve,t 1,698. ( * Repub- licans, f Democrats.) The vote on question of a new Jail stood — Yes, 1,51J6; No, 1,181. Mr. Ashley was elected to Congress by a vote in the District of 10,532, to 9,987 for Mr. Mungen. The Republican majority in the State was 20,344. Worcester's majority for Judge was 913 in the District. 1859. The local campaign of 1859 was mainly dis- tinguished for the active and somewhat bitter contest in connection witl\ the election of Judge of the Common Pleas Court, for the Sub-Dis- trict embracing laicas, Ottawa, Sanduskj', Erie and Huron Counties. Judge John Fitch was the incumbent and the Republican candi- date for reelection. The Democrats jiresented no nomination of their own, but at their Dis- trict Convention recommended the members of the party to support Charles Kent, a RejJub- liean and an independent canditlate. The con- test had but little effect ujjon the balance of the tickets of the two parties. The Republican Representative Convention (Lucas and Fulton Counties) was held at Wau- seon, August 23, 1859, with Clark Waggoner, of Lucas, as President, and E. W. Fuller and H. Bays, of Fulton, as Secretaries. Dennison Steele, of Lucas, was'nominated for Representa- tive, on a vote of 30, to 28 for L. L. Morehouse of Lucas County. The Democratic County Convention met Se]itember (1th, with Andrew Young as Presi- dent, and .Michai'l llaydcn and and C. R. Den- nett as Secretaries. The result in laicas County was as follows: Governor— Wm. Dennison, 2,225 ; R. P. Ranncy, 2,073. Judge of Common Pleas— John Fiteh, 2,102 ; Clias. Kent, 2,lo9. Senator— Geo. Laskey, 2,281 ; H. J. Boehmer, 2,01)8. Reiircseiitativc— bcnni.son Steel(>, 2,2:57; Kdward Bis.-iell, Sr.. 2,li:'.2. Cotmlv Au- ditor—Alex. Iveed, 2,202; lU'ury Brand, l.liss. tresis- urcr— Valentine I5raun, 2,481 ; .lulin B. Murphy, 1,048. Shcritr- Henry D. Kingsbury, 2,510; Klijali Dodd, 1,705. Surveyor— Elijah VV. Denderson, 2,l:J5 ; W. H. Harris, 2,110. Prosecuting Attorney — Geo. P. E.ste, 2,391 ; John J. Manor, 1,890. Recorder- .Jona- than Wynn, 2,:m); Thos. Brophy, 1,928. Inlirmary Director — Ivhvard Ciordinicr, 2,2:!1 ; Foster R. War- ren, 2,042. (The first named candidates were Hepuh- licans and the second Democrats.) The vote in the District for Judge stood — Fitch, 8,431 ; Kent, G,(;78. Fitch's majority, 1,553. Mr. Laskey was chosen Senator by 029 majority. 1860. In its direct and indirect results, the politi- cal campaign of 1860, beyond all question, was the most important of all which have occurred under this Government. It is even yet too soon to form a just estimate of the various and momentous National issues and results which therein had their source. Without stopping here for detailed statement or for discussion of these, it will suffice to say that the one question ofthe day was, whether the institution othuman Slavery should be regarded and treated as local or national in its legal status and rights. That is to say — whether it was the creature of the States in which it existed, dependent wholly upon State authority for such existence ; or was National in its character, and should be re- cognized wherever National authority was in force. Tlie Republican party, while recognizing the i-ight of the States to establish and main- tain Slavery within their limits, and the obli- gation of the General Government to respect such right, squarely and positively denied the right of such States, separately or collectivelj-, to extend or maintain the institution beyond their several jurisdictions. Thatpartj' further insisted that all domain of the Government was free, and denied the right of Congress to es- tablish or to recognize Slavery within the ter- ritory belonging to the United States. The candidates of the Republicans were Abraham Ijincoln and Hannibal Hamlin. The Democrats of the country were divided as to the polic}' which should prevail in the treat- ment of Slavcrj- outside the States. One por- tion, holding to what was known as" Squatter 348 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Sovereignty-," insisted that the settlers of an organized Territory should have the same power in tlie niauageinent of the matter, that the people of a State had, and thus admit or reject Shivery, as they might choose, while in such inchoate political condition, and not await the organization of a State Government. This portion had Stephen A. Douglas for their Pres- idential candidate, and Ilerschel V.Johnson for Vice-President. The other portion of the Dem- ocratic partj' held to the nationality of Slavery, in so far, that slaves could lawfully he taken and held, not only in any territory belonging to the United States, but for tempoi'ary busi- ness or sojourn within any State of the Union. In other words, their claim, resting largely on the then recent decision of the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott case, was that " slave property stood upon the same footing as all other prop- erty, and that neither the General Government nor any Territorial Government could destroy or impair" such title of slave-owners. The candidates of this portion of the Democrats were John C. Breckenridge and Joseph Lane. A fourth ticket, composed of John Bell and Edward Everett, was presented by the " Con- stitution and Union part}'," made up chiefly of members of the " American party " of 1856. In their platform of 1860, they omitted the dis- tinctive doctrine of the previous campaign as to native and foreign-born citizens, and limited their policy to the defense of the constitution and laws of the United States, as the sole guar- anty for the preservation of the Union and of the rights of the people in all its parts — making no special reference to Slavery. The campaign was marked by much spirit and no little bitterness, and was largely sec- tional in its charcter — the Eepublicans finding their sole effective support in the Free States, while the opposition factions divided the Dem- ocratic party, both North and South, although the Breckenridge portion was predominant at the South, while of the other two, the Douglas jjortion polled much the largest vote at the North. The Eepublicau Club of Toledo was organ- ized June 2, 1860, with following oflacers : President— S. A. Raymond; Vice-Presidents— Paul Jones, Wm. C. Earl ; Secretary— Otto Relde- meister; Treasurer— Wm. Kraus; Executive Coiu- mittee— R. H. Bell, Charles Pratt, Joseph Stanbery, Andrew Stephen and Lyman Parchcr. John A. Chase, John Greiner, John Gavin, E. W. JIaynes and George P. Este were ap- pointed to organize a " Wide Awake Club." Such Club was organized June 8th, with the following officers : Captain-George P. Este; Lieutenants -J. A. Chase, Valentine Braun and C. S. Woodbury ; Sec- retary— Victor Keen ; Treasurer— Henry T. Bissell. Early in the campaign, the Eepublicans took steps for securing suitable headquarters, which resulted in leasing a vacant lot (168-172 Sum- mit Street), between two blocks, on which were placed front and rear walls and a roof, with a floor and seats, which constituted their " Wig- wam," the Indian name given the large build- ing improvised for the Republican National Convention at Chicago. It proved admirably adapted for the occasion, and superior to anj- like provision in Toledo, before or since that time. After the campaign closed, the place was for a time used for public concerts and meetings; and subsequently by Uriah Greg- ory's Commercial College, and in later years by a Laundrj-. The Republican County nominating Conven- tion was held Julj' Blst, with Darwin K. Gard- ner as President, and E. W. Lenderson and Noe Nelson as Secretaries. The following ticket was nominated ; County Clerk — Peleg T. Clark. Probate Judge — Fred. A. Jones. C'ommissioner — S. A. Raymond. Coroner — Dr. S. H. Bergen. Infirmary Director — Robert A. Forsyth. The following delegates to a Congressional Convention were appointed : Toledo-C. W. Moulton, Alex. Reed, Robert Bell. Wm. Kraus. Oregon— R. V. Boice. Manhattan — J. B. Strait. Sylvania — Robert Talcott. Richfield— Isaac Washburn. Spencer — Wm. Taylor. Swanton— B. T. Geer. Providence— A. B. Mead. Waterville — Thomas Shoemaker. Carey— G. W. Norton. Mon- clova — W. B. Gunn. Washington - Henry Bennett. Springfield- Hiram Wilt.se. Slaumee City— Noi-ton Graham, R. H. Forsyth, Edward Lloyd. For the County at large — Valentine Braun, Wm. Baker and William IJmbrick. The Eepubliean Convention for the Fifth Congressional District was held at Toledo, Au- gust 4th, of which John M. Palmer, of Han- cock, was President; W. O. Ensign of Defiance, M. H. Hayes of Fulton, Charles Hornung of Henrj', Henr}' Stanford of Hancock, William Taj'lor of Lucas, E. S. Banks of Paulding, John M. Dixon of Putnam, I. N. Alexander of Van Wert, \¥. C. Morrison of Williams, and John Russell of Wood, Vice-Presidents; and Joseph Ralston of Defiance, J. C. French of Fulton, W. E. Kintigh of Henry, Ezra Brown of Han- cock, George True of Lucas, S. R. Brown of Paulding, Elam Day, Jr., of Putnam, A. W. Baker of Van Wert, I. R. Sherwood of Williams and E. A. lligginsof Wood, Secretaries. James M. Ashley was nominated for re election to Congress, and Dresden W. H. Howard of Ful- ton for Presidential Elector. The Convention was briefly addressed by Mr. Ashley, and at considerable length by Hon. John Sherman, then representing the Thirteenth Congres- sional District. The Breckenridge and ].,ane Democrats of Ohio held a Convention at Columbus August 7th, with Judge Reuben Wood for President, and 24 Vice-Presidents and 21 Secretai'ies. Among: the Vice-Presidents was John E. Hunt 1 POhlTICM. PARTIES AND ELECTIONS. 34!l of Lucas, and of the Secretaries, James C. Wales of Lucas. G. A. Carpenter, W. S. Johnson, E. D. Potter and C. I. Scott, of Ijucas, also took part in the proceedings. T. C. Stewart of Lu- cas was nominated for Elector for the District. A Bell and Everett Club was (irifunizcd in Toledo, Auicust llth, with tiie following officers: Pi-esident, C. Yardlej' ; Vice-President, Wm. H. Raymond ; Secretary, J. 11. Boggis ; Treas- urer, I. R. Nelson. The following named del- egates to a State Convention were appointed : A. C. Harris, J. H. Boggis, C. Yardlev, J. B, Foreman, Warren Russell, J. It. Nelson, \V. II. Raymond, C. B. Phillips, Matthew Brown and C. K. Pheatt. A Douglas Count}' Convention was held Au- gust 18th, of which Edward Bissell, Sen., was President, antl K. P. Platt and Dv. Cronise, Secretaries. The following County canditlates were nominated ,; Probate Judge — Thomas Dunla]^. Clerk — James H. Maples. Commissioner — Edward Bissell, Sen. Coroner — David S. Johnson. Intiruuirv Director- - T. L. Clark. A Breckenridge I)emocratic ('ounty Conven- tion was held September 1st, with Captain E. Parmelee as President, and George A. Carpen- ter as Secretary, and nominated the following ticket : Probate Judge — Ralph Tarbox. Clerk — J. H. Maples. Commissioner — C. A. Crane. Coroner — M. M. Goulden. Infirmary Director — Robert Dietrich. A Douglas Club was organized in Toledo, June 12th, with the following ofHcers : President, A. V. Stebbins ; Vice-Presidents, Nathan M. Ijan- dis, Gilbert Rogers, Jr., Henry Brand and John W. Fuller; Secretary, C. H. Coy; Treasurer, Andrew Young ; Executive Committee, Thos. Dunlap, Robert Cummings, E. B. Bronson, Ed. Connelly, John Miller, Jr., Ferdinand Johnson and Dennis Coghlin. The vote in Lucas County October 9, 1860, was as follows ; Attorney General — James Murray, '2.6'M ; D. W. Stambaugh, 1,802. Congress— J. M. Ashley, 2,681 ; J. B. Steedman, 1,929. County Clerk— P. T. Clark, 2.646 ; J. H. Maples, 1,992. Probate Judge— F. A. Jones, 2,577 ; Thomas Dunlap, 2.021 ; Ralph Tarbox, 36. County Commissioner — .S. A. Raymond, 2,6.i9 ; Ed. Bissell, Sr., 1,8:56 ; C.A.Crane, l:!0. Infirmary Director -R. A. Forsyth, 2,658; T.L.Clark, 1,862'; James M. Brigham, 76. Coroner — S. H. Bergen, 2.647 ; David Johnson, l,s:',l ; Andrew J. Seeley, 83; Michael Goulden, 51. Ashley's majority in the District for Congress over Steedman was 1,204. The vote of Ohio stood : Republican, 215,277 ; Democratic, 189,999 ; Union (Bell and Everett), 8,640. The vote of Lucas County for President, stood : Lincoln, 2,889; Douglas, 1,716; Breckenridge, 8:J: Bell, i:!l. The vote for President in the State was : Lincoln, 2;!1,610; Douglas, 187,232; Breckenridge, 11,405; Bell, 12,193; Smith (Anti-Slavery), i:3C. The result in the Electoral Colleges for President, stood : Lincoln, 180 ; Breckenridge, 72 ; Bell, 39 ; Douglas, 12. Between 1853 and ISfiO, there existed in this country a secret organization, known as" Know Nothings." It was chiefly political in its char- acter and design, though partaking n)ore or less of religious sentiment. The main object sought through its instrumentality, was restric- tion of the political influence of foreign-boi'n residents, to bo obtained through such modifi- cation of the naturalization laws, as should largely exclude such from the ballot. For a time this organization exercised considerable influence, not so much by its own independent power, as by acting as a " balance of power" between the old political ]iarties. In this way its secrecy in action enabled its leaders to direct its political force in such ways as to prevent observation of their plans and i)urposes, which often were first made known through results. Their places of meeting were kept a secret, and even membership and knowledge of the exist- ence of the order were denied bj' those assum- ing its vows. In 1855 appeared another secret political or- ganization, known as the " Sag Nichts." To what extent it existed, is not certain ; but it was probably limited. While its name indi- cated a German origin and membership, it was probably made up largely of other nationalities, including skilled political managers. It seemed to have been designed chiefly as an oft'set lor the " Know Nothings," or " Americans." The published basis of the movement was as follows : That in order that our opposition to Know Noth- ingism may be more effectual in preventing the in- cendiary efforts of those who seek to change the Government as regards religious frccdoui, and who seek to make birth a qualification for oHice, we form ourselves into an association, to be known as the "Sag Nichts Constitutional Convention." About the same time, another secret organi- zation (the "Know Somethings") came into existence, also having for its object resistance to the " Know Nothings; ' but it was short- lived and limited in membership. 18(51. The facts and circumstances attending the great Rebellion for the overthrow of the l^nion and the establishment of a Slave despotism in the South, which immediately followed the election of Lincoln and Hamlin, need not to be recited here. Suffice it now to say, that the effect of that gigantic crime against liumanitj^ and good Government, was substantially the same in Lucas County, as throughout most of the Northern States. The first result was the manifestation of a degree and extent of loyalty to the Union, as gratifying to' the hearts of true Americans, as it was surprising and disheart- ening to the chief authors of that movement. 350 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. The prompt and effective response of this sec- tion to the call for volunteers to suppress the Rebellion in the field, is shown in another por- tion of this volume. Here will bo proper a brief record of the political support given to the government in the same connection. The first movement in that direction after the breaking out of the War, consisted in the calling of a " Union County Convention," by about 10(1 citizens of all former jxarty aflilia- tions. The call was as follows : The undersigned, believins that in the present struggle for the preservation of the Government and of the Union, men of all parties ought to unite for a vigorous and successful prosecution of the War for that purpose, respectfully invite all voters of Lucas County, who are willing to place their country's need above party fealty, and adopt for their principle of union — "The Constitution and the Union, now and forever, one and inseparable," and " No Compromise with traitors in arms against the Government " — to meet bv their delegates in County Convention, at College Hall (formerly the Wigwam), in Toledo, Au- gust 31, 1861, for the purpose of nominating a County ticket, to be supported by those of like sentiment at the State and County elections next fall, and also to choose delegates to the State and District Conven- tions to be held for like purpose. Under this call, a Convention was held, of which Colonel James B. Steedman was the President, and P. T. Clark and Noe Nelson Secretaries. The following were the delegates Ijresent : From Toledo: 1st Ward— Wm. Baker, Milton Barrett, F. A. Jones, Jas. L. Smith, Ed. Connolly, A. B. Brownlee, Valentine Wall, E. S. Piatt. 2d Ward — Chas. Pratt, L. H. Pike, Harry Chase, Wm. H. Harris, Dr. F. J. Klauser, Ed. C. Smith, Mavor Brig- ham, Thos. Dunlap, T. Sheldon, M. D. Carrington. 3d Ward — J. B. Steedman, Dennis Coghlin, Louis Wachenheimer, Robert Cummings, Declan Allen, Paul Jones, S. M. Young, Peter Lenk, J. Austin Scott, Darwin E. Gardner. 4th Ward— W. C. Hoffman, Wm. Kraus, Henry Breed, Sam. Wagner, Guido Marx, Horace Thacher, W. Hannin, Maurice Conli.sk, J. McGettigin, H. S. Commager. .5th Ward — M. B. Doyle, Michael Hayden, W. J. Freatenborough, War- ren Russell, Thos. B. Smith, Martin Leezen. 6th Ward — Wm. Mack, Daniel A. Brown. Springfield — H. Dunn, Perrv Wood. Kichfield— Pliny Lathrop, W. W. Wilson, John Titus, M. Bennett. Waterville — L. L. Morehouse, A. J. Eldridge, Thos. Shoemaker, J. E. Hall, John Rakestraw, Elijah Dodd. Monclova —A. O. Gunn, C. Van Fleet. Swanton— John G. Wales, Thos. Huwlett. Adams— Harvey Kellogg, Patrick Carey. Spencer— Wm. Taylor, Wm. E. Cole. Waynesfield— E. Hunter, Wm. Limbrick. Maumee City : 1st Ward— P. C. Holt, James Howes, Thos. Dale, F. Quiggle. 2d Ward— N. Nelson, H. Shields. 3d Ward— Curtis Perry, Louis Dewey. Providence— Wm. Atkinson, Thos. (^uigley. Washington — Henry Bennett, B. F. Mallett, A. C. Harris, 'Ed. Upton. IManhattan- Jona. Wynn, Jas. Cole. Sylvania— Benj. Joy, John U. Pease, H. D. Warren, R."C. Thompson, O. HoUoway, P. T. Clark. Oregon— Chas. A. Crane, R. V. Boice, Geo. D. Treat, David Youngs. A Union District Convention, called on the same basis, nominated Dr. C. M. Godfrey of Putnam County, for Senator. A Union Judi- cial Convention nominated Judge S. F. Tay- lor for re-election as Judge of the Common Pleas Court, and John L. Greene, of Sandusky County, for a vacancy caused by the resignation of Judge S. T. Worcester, elected to Congress in 1860. There was no opposition to these candi- dates. A Democratic State ticket was nominated. The result of the election in Lucas County was as follows : Governor— David Tod, 1,652 ; Hugh J. Jewett, 232. Judges of Common Pleas— S. F. Taylor (full term), 1,7S2 ; John L. Greene (vacancy), 1,797. Senator — C. M. Godfrey, 1,778. Representative — Tames Myers, 1,770. Auditor — Alex. Reed, 1,777. Treasurer — V. Braun, 1,761. Sheriff— N. M. Landis, 1,7.S3. Com- missioner — Wm. Taylor, 1,775. Prosecuting Attor- ney— R. C. Lemmon, 1,781. Inflrmarv Director — C. A. Crane, 1,780. The very light vote cast was due to the lack of opposition. The only opposition to the Ju- dicial candidates was in Ottawa Count}-, where ]15 votes were cast for Wm. Annesly, of that County, and for John Whitbeck, of Huron County. The vote of the State gave David Tod (Union) 55,009 majority over H. J. Jewett (Democrat). 1862. One of the most memorable of local politi- cal campaigns in Northwestern Ohio, was that in the Fifth Congressional District, in 1862. It was in the second year of the Pebellion, and a chief cause of special interest then was a dif- ference in sentiment in regard to the War policy of the Government in respect to Slavery. One view in this regard was that the abolition of Slavery should be accepted as an end to be sought in the prosecution of the War, and at once be so declared b}' the President. On the other hand, it was held that the paramount and only proper aim should be to defend the Gov- ernment from overthrow by rebellion, and maintain the Union in its integrity, leaving Slavi-r}', with all other special interests, to take its chances in the exigencies and results of the War, which policj', from the first, had been avowed and pursued by the Government. The former of these views was supported by Hon. James M. Ashley, then the Eepresenta- tive of the District in Congress, who, in a series of letters to the Toledo Blade, in 1861, had urged such policy, his main reason therefor being that as Slavery had been the chief cause and was then the main support of the War on the part of the Confederates, it should at once be removed. The result of such disagreement was the nomination of Mr. Ashlej- for re-election by the supporters of the more radical Anti-Slavery policj', and that of Morrison E. Waite by a Convention of friends of the opposing policy. The principal popular demonstration of the campaign was a meeting of the supporters of POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTIONS. 351 Mr. Waito in Toledo, October 6th, of which the officers were as follows ; Prt'siileut— David Smith. Vice-Pivsidents— Rii'li- ard Mott, AVaiTi'ii CoUiuni, Dr. Jacob Clark, 'I'. II. Hoag, \V. W. Griffith, Win. Baker, Joliii Sinclair, Fred. Witker, Calvin Bronson, llcnrv Brand, ,1. Austin Scott, Augustus Thomas, Beruanl Mcilink, Robeit Cumvuings, Wm. Wilmington, Valentine Wall, Peter H. Shaw, John P. Freeman, C. A. Row- sey, Dr. O. White, Fred. Just, K. J. Skidmore, M. O'Brien, M. D. Carrington, T. H. Hough, II. S. Wal- bridge, Wm. Rotf, F. J. King, Salmon H. Keeler, Abner L. White, Thos. Tuey, N. M. Laudis. Secre- taries— Geo. R. Haynes, C. A. C*rane, Junius Flagg, A. F. Machen, Geo. Platfoot, E. B. Hyde, John B. Foreman. By invitation Mr. Waite addressed the meet- ing, discussing ditlerent points of the War, its origin and purpose, and the proper policy in its managemeat, saying that If elected, he should employ his ofiicial power for the prosecution of the War by the most eflective and vigorous means, until the old Hag should again wave over every foot of territory belonging to the Union. Nothing less than the defeat and disarming of every Rebel, and the complete restoration of constitutional authority, would satisfy him. Nothing should be omitted — nothing neglected — that could in any way add to the efficiency of the National arms ; and no interest — however great or small — should be permit- ted to stand in the way. After expressing the opinion that the abolition of Slavery was an object on many accounts desirable, Mr. Waite said, that as a member of Congress, he could have no power to interfere with Slavery in the States. Congress could pass laws to jiunish crime and declare forfeiture of property, as had been done ; but in such case, there must be a trial of the individual charged, and no forfeiture could result until suoli trial and conviction. He wished Slavery might be abolished throughout the land, but so long as the Constitution remained as it then stood, Congress had no right to interfere with the institution in the States, except as stated. This is the rule for Congress, in peace and in war. No new power was given that body by the War. To get that, the Constitution must be peaceably amended in pursuance of its own terms. But a new state of things exi.sted. The South had forced a rebellion upon the country, and with that came War, and the/fn/'.s of War. The President, as Commander-in-chief, and his Gen- erals in the field, hail the power to do anything war- ranted by the laws of war, to strengthen his own army or to weaken that of the enemy. The Rebels, in making War, had assumed all tlie risks and respon- sibilities of such condition. It was the duty of the Commander to weaken his enemy— take his property of every kind and nature; and his life itself, if neces- sary, to this end. Slaves formed no exception to this rule. Of course, whatever was done to property or life, must be regulated by the laws of War, and all, from the Conunander-in-Chief down to the Soldier in the ranks, were answerable for the violation of those laws. But the Commander was the sole judge as to what was necessary, whether in battle or else- where. Slavery was, "beyond question, the chief strength of the Rebels. By keeping the laboring por- tion of their population at home, the others were at liberty to light us. The President, unquestionably, had the right to destroy that element of .strength, and it was for him to determine when it should be done. Accordingly, believing the time was approaching when this power should be employed, the President (in his preliminary proclamation of ;September, 1862) had given notice of his intention to take from the Rebels this element of their strength, and that on the hst of January, ISti:!, all Slaves in States then still in rebellion would be declared free. Mr. Waite said ho fully sustained the President in such action, for the reasons already stated. He thought the thanks of the country were due to President i.incolu, for his])atient waiting for the proper occasion and conditions for such action, and his lirnuiess in adhering to his own sense of duty and propriety, instead of acting upon the advice of tho.se less informed of the condition of things, and having less responsibility of action. A Democratic Convention was held, whicli by a vote of 101 to S2 decided not to present a candidate for Congress, wlien the minority withdrew and placed in nomination Edward L. Phelps, of Defiance County, as a Democratic candidate. This action had the cfl'ect to lead the body of the Democratic party in the Coun- ties of Putnam, Henry, Defiance and Williams, to unite in an effort to secure a partisan Con- gressman as the result of division on the part of their opponents. At the same time, the rad- ical portion of Republicans adhered to Mr. Ashley as the most eflective way of expressing their desire for a " more vigorous War policy " as to Slaverj'. The result was the re-election of Mr. Ashley by a vole of 7,1)13, to 5,8.50 for Waite, and 5,234 for Phelps. The vote in Lucas County was as follows: Secretary of State— W. S. Kennon,* 3,006; W. W. Armstrong,! 1,142. Member of Congress — M. R. Waite, 2,718; J. M. Ashley, 1,372; Edwin Phelps,t 73. Recorder — Jona. Wynn,* 3,043 ; Thos. Tiernan,f 428. Commissioner — D. F. Cook,* 4,118. Survevor— E. W. Lenderson, 2,386 ; L. W. Doane,t 1,715." In- firmary Director— Ben j. Mallett,* 4,010. Coroner— S. H. Bergen,* 3,037 ; Patrick C^uiglcy,! 91-1 ; J. G. Nolan, -f 197. (*Union. fl^emocrats.) 1863. The matter of the Rebellion and the questions growing out of the War entered more directly into the political canvass of 1863, than of the previous two years. The nomination by the Democratic Convention of Ohio of C. L. Val- landigham for Governor, presented the issue of the continued prosecution of the War or its un- conditional abandonment, so squarely and clearly as to leave no room for doubt on that point. At the previous State election (1862), largely through over-confidence on the part of the friends of the War, and in some degree as the result of disappointment in the field — the Dem- ocrats had secured a majority vote in the State. This fact operated, not onl}- to arouse the more earnest activity on the part of the Union men, but to draw to Ohio the attention of both sides of the great question throughout the country to such extent as almost to make it the recognized battlefield for the decision of the contest. That great issue was promptly met b}' the friends of the War policy, who at once entered upon an active campaign, with John Brough, a life- long Democrat, as their nominee for Governor. 352 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. This was done with the greater vigor, from the fact, that in July tiio hopes of this party were very much strengtliened by thebrilliant success ofTTiiion arms at Gettysburg, Vicksburg and Port Hudson, besides lesser successes elsewhere. The Kepublican County Convention was held July ISth, with Augustus Thomas as its tem- porary, and Mavor Brigham as permanent President, and W. K. Hiill as Secretary. The names of the candidates nominated will appear in the election returns which follow. A mass meeting of Democrats was held in August, with the following officers ; President — Michael Handy, Fulton County. Vice-Pres- idents— O. W. Willett, Williams ; J. N. West- cott. Wood ; Dr. Eussell, Defiance ; W. J. Cro- zier, Henry; John Templeton, Fulton; Gen. Joseph W. Brown, Lucas; J. H. Smith, Put- nam; J. K. Newcomer, Ottawa. Secretaries — Wm. Sheridan, Williams; F. A. Hunt, Fulton. E. S. Piatt, of Lucas, read a letter from C. L. Vallandigham, the Democratic candidate for Governor, dated " Table Rock House, Niagara Falls, July 31, 1803," in which he repeated sub- stantiall}' the views and purposes of the War, for the utterance of which he had been arrested and expelled from Ohio, and had taken refuge in Canada. The meeting was addres.sed by S. S. Cox, then of Columbus, and subsequently member of Congi'ess from New York, and by Geo. H. Pendleton, both of whom spoke in support of the policy advanced by Mr. Vallan- digham. Israel Green, of Hancock, was nominated as the Union candidate for Senator, but declined, for the reason that he expected to remove from the District; whereupon Wm. Sheffield, of Henry, was nominated. On account of lack of legal residence within the District, Mr. Shef- field was ineligible,when a third Convention was held which nominated James C. Hall, of Lucas. A Union meeting was held at Toledo, Octo- ber 9th, of which H. J. Hayes was President, and which was addressed by Colonel John R. Bond and Major J. A. Shannon, 10th Ohio, and Colonel G. P. Este, 14th Ohio. Another like meeting on the 10th October was addressed by M. R. Waite and Colonel Este. While the former was speaking, a man with an Irish brogue was noisy in protest against the senti- ments expressed, when Mr. Waite turned to him and said : " My friend, why are you here ? Why did you leave j'our home under the British Government? And coming to this country, why did you not go to Charleston instead of coming to Toledo?" " I came for my liberties," was the reply. " Then you came here," said Mr. Waite, " because this Government is better than any other you could find. Why, then, are you not wiUing to stand by it, when Rebels are seeking to destroy it ? It has made you and me all we are, and we should defend it." Another interrupted with complaint of the conscription law, when Mr. Waite said to him : Sir, had you landed and made your home in the South instead of the North, you would have been conscripted and worn out before this time. In this spirit and manner the speaker kept his audience in good feeling throughout, and turned each assault to the advantage of his cause. The result of the vote in Lucas County was as follows : Governor— Brough, 3,585 ; Vallandigham, 1,712. State Senator— James C. Hall, 3,.5.39; R. C. Lemmon, 1,790. Representative— L. L. Morehouse, 3,.5fi2 ; John E. Hunt, 1,757. Countv Clerk— Victor Keen, H,."i.55 ; Chas. R. Dennett, 1,779. Probate Judge -F. A. Jones, 3 490; C. 1. Scott, 1,780; E. T>. Nye (Ind.), 46. Prosecuting Attorney— Geo. R. Havi'ies, 3,498; Thos. Dunlap. ~1.801. Sheriflf— Nathan M. Landis, 3,.372 ; Foster R. Warren, 1,937. Auditor— James L. Smith, 3,501 ; John G. Ishaui, 1,802. Treasurer- Ernst Greiner, 3,286; Henry Brand, 2,026. Com- missioner—Paul Jones, 3,.545 ; Wm. H. Raymond, 1,792. Infirmary Director— John Weible, 3,489 ; F. T. Evans. 1,834. Coroner— Dr. S. H. Bergen, 3,541 ; Dr. W. W. Jones, 1,792. By a law passed the previous Winter, pro- vision was made for the voting of Soldiers at their various quarters, whether in camp or in the field. The Soldiers" vote of Lucas County for Governor was 724 for Brough and 24 for Vallandigham, which made the total for the County : Brough, 4,309; Vallandigham, 1,736. Union majority, 2,573. The Soldiers' vote on County ticket "was about 100 less than that on Governor. The " Home " vote of the State stood: Brough, 247,216; Vallandigham, 185,- 464. Brough 's majority, 61,752. Soldiers' vote: Brough, 40,921 ; Vallandigham, 2,343. Brough 's majority on Soldiers' vote, 38,758. Totat majority for Brough, 100,330. 1864. The Presidential campaign of 1864, being for the first National election after the commence- ment of the War, was attended bj- all the in- terest which such an occasion could excite. The Democratic party, bj' the platform adopted in connection with the nomination of General McClellan for President and George H. Pendleton for Vice-President, declared the War for the suppression of the Rebellion to have been to that time " a failure," and on that ground demanded that it cease, and that steps be taken by the Government for such peaceful arrangement with the Confederates as might be found practicable through negotiation. On the other hand, the Union Convention b}' acclamation nominated President Lincoln for reelection, and put forth a declaration of pur- pose to prosecute the War against the rebels to final success. It was further declared that the Constitution should be so amended as to abolish Slavery. With the issue of the continued pros- ecution of the War to final success or its aban- donment without conditions, thus squarely pre- sented, the deepest feelings and most earnest efforts of the friends of each side were enlisted. POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTIONS. :153 The Union party were at one time somewhat embarrassed hy a movement on the part of a few disaffected advocates of a policy more radi- cal as to Slavery than was that then pursued. The latter held a Convention looking to sepa- rate action in support of their views; but this plan was never carried into execution, and failed of results. A Lincoln and Johnson Ciuli was formed in Toledo with the following officers : President — Horace S. Walbridge. Vice-Presidents —James C. Hall, Col. C. B. Phillips, Paul Jones, Henry Breed, W. T. Walker, W. W. Gritlith, Andrew Stephan, R. H. Bell, Matthew Brown, Alonzo Rogers, James H. Campbell. James Ravmer, V. H. ICetchani, Stillman Brown, C. D. WoodrufT, Alex. Reed, Maj. E. B. Hall, Wm. Kraus. Recording Secretaries — John H. Doyle, Geo. R. Haynes. Corresponding Secretary — Cyrus P. Leland. Executive Committee — Chas. Pratt, John T. Newton, Ernst Kibbe, T. B. Casey, V. Braun, N. M. Howard, C. A. King. A similar club was formed in East Toledo, with the following officei's: President — Alonzo Rogers. Vice-Presidents — A. \V. Maddocks, John Quinn, Albert Royes, J. C. Mes- ser, Alphonso Stratton, Thomas AVynn. Secretary — James Raymer. Treasurer — John Thorp. In 18(34, Mr. Ashley was again a candidate, his only oi^ponent Colonel A. V. Rice, of Put- nam County, the Democratic candidate. The latter was at the time Colonel of the 57th Ohio Infantry, and being severely wounded at both Chickamauga, in 1863, and at Kenesaw Moun- tain, in 1864, was at the time of the election at home awaiting recovery after the amputation of a leg. While there was no organized oppo- sition to Mr. Ashley among the Republicans, large numbers of them either withheld from him their votes or cast them for Colonel Rice. The vote iu Lucas County was as follows : Judge of Supreme Court — Luther Day, 2,7.50; P. Van Trump, 1,903. Judge of Common Pleas — John Fitch, 2,764; Thos. P. Finefrock, 1,887. Commis- •sioner — Wm. Taylor, 2, 73fi ; James C. Wales, 1,911. Infirmary Director — C. A. Crane, 2,740 ; Valentine Wall, 1,912. Congress— J. M. Ashley, 2,282 ; A. V. Rice, 2,:!2.). The Home vote on Congress gave Rice 930 majority in the District, with a Union majority on the State ticket of 802. This was overcome by Ashley's ma- jority of 1,034 in the Soldiers' vote, giving him a net majority of 704 in the District. The vote of the State stood ; Union— Home vote, 204,492; Soldiers' vote, 33,431 -total, 237,927. Demo- cratic—Home vote, 179,471; Soldiers' vote, 4,614— total, 183,985. Union majority, 53,942. The State vote on President stood : Lincoln — Home vote, 224,008 ; Soldiers, 41,146— total, 265,154. McClellan— Home, 198,811 ; Soldiers, 9,757— total, 205,568. Lin- coln's majority, -59,586. 1865. Carlin, 2,990; Cloys B. Wilson, 1,697; Henry V>. Taylor, 1,696. Representative- John A. Cha.se, 2,779; John B. Carson, 1,892. Pro.secuting Attorney— Geo. R. Hayne.^, 2,974; IJenben C. Lemmon, 1,700. Sherid' — Henry D. Kingsbury, :!,043 ; Florence J. Sullivan, 1,643. Auieutenant Harrison Wood, Colonel H. N. Howland, H. W. Hendrickson, Wm. Leybourne, Samuel Jacobs, Chas. Dennis, EliasTrapp, Captain Geo. W. Norton. Secre- taries — Otho Klemm, Chas. H. Jones. Treasurer — Ernst Greiner. Executive Committee — General I..onis von Blcssingh, Colonel C. W. Hill, Captain J. W. White, Captain Chas. Kent, Lieutenant Jas. Harris, John L. Wiltse, IJeutenant W. H. Perigo, George S. Griffin, Lieutenant W. H. H. Snnth, Captain fl. G. Neubert. Mr. Ashley was again a candidate, his oppo- nent being General Henry S. Commager, Democratic nominee. As in the case of Colonel Rice, G^eneral C. received the support of a large number of Union men, thoiigii Mr. Ashley was ai;ain elected, having a majority of 1,917 in the District. The following was the result of the October election, in 1866 (first named being Republi- cans, and second named I>emocrals) ; Secretary of State— W. H. Smith, 4,193; B. F. Le- Fever, 2,624. Congress— J. M. Ashley, 3,937 ; H. S. Commager, 2,851. County ("lerk — S'ictor Keen, 4,202; P. Hanlon, 2,608. Probate Judge ~ F. A. Jones, 4,182; C. I. Scolt. 2,625. Comnnssioner— Paul Jones, 4,184; W. J. Finlay, 2,62:!. Intirmary Di- rector—John Weible, 4,167 ; Louis Kaiser, 2,637. The following was the vote in the County in 1865: Governor— J. D. Cox, 2,942 ; Geo. W. Morgan. 1,712. State Senators— James C. Hall, 3,008 ; Parlee 1867. Toledo was advanced to the grade of City of the First Class, in 1867, and the first election ;554 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. held therciifter was April 1. 1S07, with the following result ; Mavor— C. A. King, SO:) inajoritv over T. 11. Hoag. Police .Tudge -James M. Kitcliie, 810 over W. H. Ingrahara. Solicitor— Chas. Kent, 409 over Thomas Dunlap. Prosecutor before Police Court— J. K. Ham- ilton, 670 over E. D. Potter, jr. Board of City Im- provement—Warren Colbnrn, Andrew Shurtz, and Henrv Breed, over A. L. Backus and John T. Maher. Constables-E. W. Hayes, W. h. Kunkle and W. T. Hall. Tlie Councilmen elected were : 1st Ward — J. S. Norton, Andrew Stephan. 2d Ward— John Sinclair, Ernst Kibbe. 3d Ward— J. M. Comstock, John H. Whitaker. 4tb Ward— W. C. Huflman, J. G. Nolan. 5th Ward— Henry Brand, Wm. Hall. 6th Ward- Arnold McMahah, W. Saxton. The result of the October election of 1SG7 in Lucas County, was as follows : Governor— R. B. Haves, 3,844; A. G. Thurman, 2,66.5. State Senators— James C. Hall, 3,808; Abel JI. Corey, 3,810 ; John E. Hunt, 2,669 ; Henry Brown, 2,667. Representative — John Sinclair, 3,833 ; Oscar Wliite, 2,650. Prosecuting Attorney — J. K. Hamil- ton, 3,847. Sherifl— H. D. Kingsbury, 3,910 ; S. W. Freeman, 2,584. Auditor— J. L. Smith, 3,813 ; John F. Witker, 2,672 ; Andrew Stephan, 3,632 ; Andrew Shurtz, 2,797. Commissioner— E. Gordinier, 3,965; Clark C. Lathrop, 2.633. Infirmary Director — L'lias. A. Crane, 3,960 ; James W. Hone, 2,627. Coroner — Jabez M. Cooke, 3,886; J. G. Nolan, 2,.595. (The first named being Republicans, and the second Demo- crats.) 1868. The canijiaiifn of 18GS was chiefly interesting from the election of a President. There were no new issues of special importance, except the question of j^aynient of United States bonds and of interest thereon — one side holding that both these should be done with " Greenbacks " or legal-tender notes, while the other side held that such paj'ment should be made in coin. General Grant was nominated bj- the Repub- licans for President, and Schuyler Colfax for Vice-President. The Democrats, for those offices, nominated Horatio Seymour and George H. Pendleton. In March, a Grant Club was organized at Toledo, with the following officers : President— James M. Ritchie. Vice Presidents- Jacob Landman, Dennison Steele, R. H. Bell, Valen- tine Braun, J. W. Baird, Stillman Brown, August C. Ehnes, D. A. Pease. Secretary— A. E. Macomber. Treasurer — Ernst Greiner. The Lucas County Grant Club was organ- ized April 14, with the following officers : President — Horace S. Walbridge. Vice-President — G. W. Hill. Secretary— A. E. Macomber. Treasurer — Valentine Braun. Executive Committee— John Sinclair, Wm. Kraus, J. K. Secor, R. H. Bell, C. A. King. TheEepublican County Convention was held August 15, 1868, of which Timothy Tredwell was President; John Sinclair, Vice-President; and Don A. Pease, Secretary. The County ticket nominated aj)pears in the returns of the election. Mr. Ashley was then again the Eepublican candidate for Congress, with Truman H. Hoag as his I)emocratic opponent. The latter was a prominent business man of Toledo, and had lieen actively identified with the friends of the Union during the War. The result of the October election was as follows : State ticket— Republican, 4,603 ; Democratic, 3,642. County Recorder— J. W. White,' 4,(>66 ; Franklin Y. Evans,t 3,.564. Commissioner (full term) — Thomas S. Merrell,* 4. .599 ; James W. Hone,t 3,636. Com- missioner (vacancy)— Je.sse S. Norton,* 4,600; Jacob Fancher. 3,642. Infirmary Director— Benj. Mallett,* 4, .598 ; Ferdinand Johnson, T 3.640. ('Republicans. fDemocrats. ) The vote for President in Lucas County November, 1868, show'ed a majority of 1,732 for Grant (Rep.) over Seymour (Dem.). Grant's majority in Oliio was 41, .596. The result of the vote in the District for Congressman was the election of Mr. Hoag by a majority of 938. That gentleman took his seat in Congress in December, 1869, and died at Washington in February, 1870. Among theresults incidental to the contest inaugurated in 1862, was' the prominence thereby given to Mr. Waite, whereby the way was opened which subsequently^ led to his appointment as Chief Justice of the United States, which office he now holds. The following table shows the vote for Con- gress in the District in 1860 and 1862 : I860. J 862. s , -o .■^ Ji "^ S c '=: ::= ^5 s Lucas 2,681 1,929 2,718 1,572 73 Wood - 1,773 1,271 1.321 1,393 55 Fulton 1,512 1,025 74(i 1.147 352 Henrv 772 1,000 462 396 674 Defiance 949 1.799 181 547 1,311 Williams 1,518 1,200 78 1,219 1,218 Putnam 948 1,414 200 600 1,370 Paulding 492 306 144 339 181 10,645 9.974 5,850 7,013 5,234 Comparative vote in Toledo for Congressman in 1860 and 1862 : 1860. 1862. Wards. Ashley. Steedman. M'aite. Ashiey. First 316 136 389 87 Second 382 188 439 1.50 Third 359 4,80 376 147 Fourth 125 298 319 125 Fifth (new Ward) 244 55 Sixth " '• 89 27 1,355 1,179 1,806 590 Majorities— Ashley, in 1860, 176 ; Waite, in 1862, 1,216. POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTIONS. 355 The comparative results in the District (on " Home " vote) in 18G4 were as follows : Cimgress. Slate Tickel. Counties. Ashlc}j. Rice. I'tiion. Democratic. Lucas 4:5 847 Wood 382 m-2 Fulton 520 Mo Henry 545 450 Defiance 735 662 Williams 239 332 Paulding 123 215 Putnam 870 725 1,263 2,193 2,039 1,837 Rice over Ashley, 930; Union majority on State ticket, 1,732. The vote of the Soldiers gave Ashley a majority of 1,634, electing him by 704. The following were the comparative results in the District in 1868 : Congress. State Ticket. Counties. Ashley. Hoag. Krpultlican. Democratic. Lucas 70 961 Wood 365 S06 Fulton 765 870 Henry 601 540 Defiance 985 880 Williams 225 365 Paulding 38 113 Putnam 1,017 989 1,660 2,603 3,115 2,409 Hoag over Ashley, 938. Union State ticket, 706. 1869. The Republican County Convention was held August 15, 1869, of which J. M. Eitchic was the President, and Clark Waggoner and D. R. Locke the Secretaries. The following Central Committee was appointed : George E. Welles, Dr. V. Braun, G. W. Eeynolds, Ed. Upton, E. V. McMaken. A " People's Convention " (irrespective of parties) met at Toledo, August 28tii, with Dr. J. G. Nolen as President, and John A. Waite as Secretary. A County ticket was nominated. The following Central Committee was ap- pointed : V. H. Ketcham and F. J. King, of To- ledo ; Wm. Taylor, of Spencer ; Ed. Upton, of Washington; and Henrj- Brand and W. W. Jones, of Toledo. W^. W. Jones, W. O. Brown, P. B. Porter, Wm. Taylor, Sanford L Collins, and John G. Isham were ajipointed to prepare an address to the electors. The ticket selected appears in the election returns. The Conven- tion recommended the nomination of William A. Collins for Judge of the Common Pleas Court. The result of the October election was as follows : Governor— R. B. Hayes, 4,106; G. H. Pendleton, 2,703. State Senator— Abel M. Corey, 3,890 ; Ezra 8. Dodd, 2,885. Representative— W. W. Griffith, 3,976; John E. Hunt, 2,820. Sheriff— P. H. Dowling, 3,742 ; S. W. Freeman, 3,038. Auditor-E. W. Lenderson, 3,442 ; Harry Chase, 3,343. Treasurer — Andrew Stephan, 4,085 ; Samuel Blanchard, 2,585. Probate Judge— F. A. Jones, 3,798; K. C. U'mmon, 2,915. Clerk— Victor Keen, 4,041 ; Walter L. Barker, 2,7.8.5. Pro.secuting Attorney— J. K. Hamilton, 3,,S80 ; < Jilbert Harmon, 2,.s,S9. Commissioner— J. S. Norton, 3,.S,55 ; A. W. Maddocks, 2.924. Inlirmary Director— P. C. Holt, 3,931 ; J. G. Nolan. 2.s:;i. Coroner— Jabez M. Cooke, 3,994: Cyrus A. Kirkley, 2.9;;8. (First named candidates, Republicans. !>econcl, for Governor, Dem- ocratic, and balance " Peo|)le's ticket.") Mr. Corey was elected Senator by .507 majority. The vote of the State on Governor, stood : Haves, 2'35,!i,S2 ; Pendleton, 228,481 ; Scott (Temi)erancc),"670. 1870. Truman H. Hoag, member of Congress from the Toledo District, dying in February, 1870, a special election to till the vacancy was held April 4th. The Republican candidate was Dr. E. D. Peck, of Wood County, and the Demo- cralnc candidate 'William IX Hill, of Defiance. The result in Toledo stood: I'eck, 2,5K9 ; Hill, 1,943. In Lucas County— Peck, 4,042 ; Hill, 2,444. Li the District— Peck had a ma- jority of 2,(545 over Hill. V. M. Carter (Straight- out Eei)udiation candidate) hail 834 votes in W^illiams County, 141 in Defiance, 3 in Henry and 4 in Filth Wai-d, Toledo— total, 982. The Eepublican Count}' Convention for nom- inating a County ticket, met August 7, 1S70, with W. W. Griffith as President, and Dr. A. P. Miller and J. 11. Swigart as Secretaries. The following Central Committee was a])pointed: George E. W^elles, R. B. Mitchell, Jo.seph E. Marx, Ed. Upton and P. H. Dowling. The ticket will appear hereafter. A Colored Repub- lican Club was organized in Toledo, September 26, 1870, with the following officers : President, J. Madison Bell ; Vice-Presidents, W. H. Mcr- ritt, T. J. Rue, ^y. F. Carter, J. B. Tilton. Sec- retaries, D. E. Young, J. C. Greener. The result of the October election in Lucas County in 1870, was as follows : Secretary of State— I. R. Sherwood, 3,001 ; Wm. Heisley, 1,889; Odell, (i4. Congrc.s.s— E. D. Peck, 2,982 ; W. F. Lockvvood, 1,894 ; D. A. Pease, 77. Com- missioner— E. (iordinier, 2,698 ; August I'illiod, 2,168; — Drake, 65. Infirmary Director — ('. A. Crane, :'.,008; — Latbrop, 1,8S2 ; — Shoemaker, 64. Dr. Peck's ma- jority in the District was 1,070. The vote of the State on Secretary of State, was : Sherwood (Kep.) 221,709; HeLslcy (Dem.) 204,979 ; Odell (Prohibition) 2,885. 1S71. The vote of Lucas County at the State elec- tion of 1871, was as follows : Governor- E. F. Noyes. 4,17(); McCook, 3,126. Senators— D. W. H. Howard, 4,142; Hanks P. Gage, 4,127 ; J. E. Hunt, 3,085 ; J. R. Tyler, :!,044. Represent- atives — (iuido Marx, 4,0.".4 ; R. C. Thomp.son, 4,087; E. D. Potter, 3,065; Patrick Dowling. .",,041. Sherifi— P. H. Dowling, 4,100 ; F. R. Warren, 2,970. Treas- urer —John S. Kountz, 4,20S ; Robert Cummings, 2,876. Commissioner— T. S. Merrell, 4,087; Clark, 3,056. Recorder— J. W. White, 4,086; Minneker, 3,087. Prosecuting Attorney — J. D. Ford, 356 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. 4,152; W. H. Ingraham, 3,024. Coroner— G. A. CollaiiHiro, 4,104; G. W. Bowen, 3,0,S0. Surveyor— J. L. «tratton, 4,151 ; Snyder, 2,991. (Republi- oans, first named ; Democrats, second. > 1872. The National political canvass of 1872 was peculiar in the fact that Horace Greeley (always theretofore a leading Eepnblican, as well a"s editor of the New York Tribune) was the Presidential candidate of both the Demo- cratic pai'ty and of what were known as " Lib- eral I^epublicans." The selection of that j,'en- tlenian was made ii])on the belief that hi.s per- sonal record and political character would com- mand Eepubliean votes sufficient to secure his election over General Grant, the Eepnblican nominee for re-election. This state of things invested the campaign with some peculiar fea- tures, but the lesult was a disappointment to those who relied upon Mr. Greeley's strength to secure his election. The Eepublicans of Lucas County nominated their ticket at a Convention held July 2l8t, of which Charles Dodge was President, and Chas. H. Eddy Secretary. The Eepubliean Central Committee consisted of Geo. E. Welles, D. E. Locke, E. Y. McMaken and L. S. Barnes. The result of the October election was as follows : Secretary of State— Wikofi',* 4,701 ; Willev,t 3,997. Congress— I. R. Sherwood,* 4.446 ; F. H. Hurd,t4,245. Probate .Judge— D. R. Austin,* 4,439; H. K. Howe.t 4,101. Auditor- E. W. Lenderson,* 4,896; Allen, t 3,749. Clerk— M. J. En right,* 4,.59S; Shaefler.t 4,035. Commissioner— J. S. Norton,* 4,742 ; Henry Breed, t 3,813. Infirmary Director— Louis Kaiser,* 5,104; Chas. Bunch,t 2,805. ( * Republicans, t Dem- ocrats.) The Prohibition vote was 29. The vote in the Congressional District stood : Secretary of State— Wikoft',* 13,955 ; Willey,t 12,- 099. Wikotf's majority, 1,S.36. Congressman — Sher- wood,* 13,471 ; Hurd,t 12,406. Sherwood's majority, 1,065. The vote in the County for President stood as follows : Grant, 5,108; Greeley, 2,833. Majoritv for Grant, 2,275. The vote of the State was as follows ; Grant, 281,852; Greeley, 244,321; Black (Tem- perance), 2,106; O'Connor (Straight out Democrat), 1,103. 1873. The main special incident of the State cam- paign of 1873, consisted of the organization of what was known as the " People's" or " Lib- eral Party," made up chiefly of dissatisfied members of the Democratic party, prominent among whom were Wm, S. Groesbeck, General Thomas Ewing, formerly Eepresentatives, and Geo. E. Pugh, formerly a Senator in Congress. The fundamental basis of the movement was the assumption that " both tbe Eepubliean and the Democratic parties had outlived the issues in which they had their origin, and had out- lived their usefulness, and a new organization was demanded in the interest of the public welfare." The movement had special refer- ence to the interests of labor in its contest with capital. The State ticket of this party was as follows: Governor — Isaac C. Collins,* of Ham- ilton County; Lieutenant-Governor — A. Saun- ders Piatt,t of Logan ; Attorney-General — S. Meyers.t of Stark ; Judge of Supi-eme Court — Philemon B. Ewing,* of F'airtield ; Auditor — D. W. C. Landen,f of Brown ; Board of Public Works — James McBeth,* of Allen ; Treasurer — Jona. Harshman,* of Montgomcrj- ; Comp- troller of the Treasury— C. L. P. Butler,t of Franklin. ( * Democrats, f" Liberals" or former Eepublicans.) The Eepubliean Convention for the nomina- tion of a County ticket was held August 12, 1873, with John Sinclair as President and Dr. Frank P. Wilson as Secretary. The Democratic County Convention was held August 21st, of which E. D. Potter, Sr.. was the President, and Chas. D. Sutphen and Chas. N. Lewis Secretaries. The two parties in the State were represent- ed by the following tickets (the first named being Eepublicans and the second Democrats): Governor— E. F. Noyes and Wm. Allen; State Senators-John T. Newton, W. H. Beckham, E. D. Potter and T. J. Tressler ; Representatives— R. C. Thompson, Guido Marx, E. S. Dodd, Aaron Van Wormer: Treasurer— John S. Kountz, Robert Cum- mings ; Sherilt' — Albert Moore and E. Welles ; Prose- cuting Attorne}' — J. D. Ford and R. C:. Lemmon ; Commissioner— Lucas Raab and Perry Wood ; Coro- ner — G. A. Collamore and J. G. Nolen ; Infirmary Director — 0. A. Crane and C. Lathrop. With the exception of Treasurer, the Eepub- Ircan candidates for Countj^ offices and Eepre- sentatives were elected. The Democrats elect- ed their candidates for Senators, and also for Governor. The vote in the County for J. C. Collins, " People's " or " Liberal " candidate for Governor, was 57; and that for G. T. Stew- art (Prohibition), 114. The vote of the State was as follows; For Governor— Noyes, 213,707; Allen, 214,525; Collins, 9,971 ; Stewart, 10,1)81. Allen's plu- rality, 808. 1874. The Eepublicans nominated their County ticket at a Convention held August 4, 1874, with Chas. AV. Hill lor President ■" Eobert Mc- Cune for Secretary; and John P. HoUoway for Assistant Secretar}-. Delegates to the State and Congressional Conventions were appointed. The main inteiest centered in the choice of the latter, the question being the re-nomination of POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTIONS. 357 I. R. Sherwood for Congress. The result was unfavorable to that object. At the District Convention (Julj' (ith), A. M. Pratt, of Bryan, Williams County, wa.s noniinaled. The first ballot stood: Sherwood, 39; Pratt, 5;5; C. W. Evers, of Wood Couutj', 21. The second ballot — Sherwood, 5l-!i ; Pratt, 59^ — Lucas Couutj' voting solid for Pratt throughout. The Democrats held their County Convention August !)th, of which .1. B. Steednian was Pi'esi- dent, and S. J. Mills and R. C. Gibbs, Secrelai'ies. The Democratic Congressional ('onvention, held August 11th, nominated Frank II. Hurd, the vote standing: Hurd, 571 ; J. M. Ashley, 16G; E. D. Potter, Sr , 8i ; S. N. Owen, 17; Wm. B. Sheridan, 4 ; W. W. Jones, U. The Prohibition District Convention was held August 27th, of which C. W. Lamport, of Fulton County, was President; T. BursOTi, of Wood, and E. B. Kank, of Williams, Vice- Presidents ; and C. W. Shoemaker, of Lucas, Secretary. Francis Granger, of I>ucas, was nominated for Congress. The State Constitution and specific provi sions prepared by the Convention held in 1873-4, were submitted to jiopular vote August 18, 1874. The results in Lucas County on these, were as follows : For Constitution, 1,993; against, 2,lfiS. For Mi- nority Representation, 917; against, 2,301. For Rail- road Aid, 902 ; against, 2,429. For Licen.se of liquor tratfic, 2,17:5 ; against, 1,4.59. The vote in the State gave a majority of 147,284 against the Constitution ; 7,2S6 against License ; 18,5,.500 against IMinority Rep- resentation ; and 251,242 against Railroad Aid. The latter proposition would have authorized local s\ib- scriptions to Railway enterprises, upon a vote by the people. The result of the October election in Lucas County-, was as follows : Secretary of State— A. T. Wikoff,* 4,17:5; AVni. Bell,+ 4,4:5.5. Judge of Common Pleas — Wm. A. Col- li n.s,* :5,98.5 ; Charles E. Pennewell,* 4,128 ; R. C. Lemmon,t 4,(538 ; T. P. Finefrork.t 4,4:19. Congress— A. M. Pratt,* 3,883; F. H. Hurd,t 4,041. Auditor- E. \V. Lender.son,« 3,9(37 ; Gustavus Wittstein.T 4,(51.S. Recorder — .1. S. Kountz,* 4,6.54; Wm. Lawton.f :5,824. Surveyor — .1. L. Stratton,* 4,847; Williams,! 3,68.5. Commissioner — .lames Marston,* 4,002; Pat- rick Uowling.t 4,521. Intirmurv Director — B. F. Mallett,* 4,126 ; Van Fleet; 4,419. The Prohi- bition vutf, ranged from 129 for F. Granger for Con- gress, to 100 for D. N. Trowbridge, for Auditor. A proposition for the provision of Fair Grounds for the County Agricultural Society, was defeated b}' 47 majority, although Toledo gave 823 majority for it. Mr. Hurd was elected to Compress bv a vote of 13,108, to 11,321 for Mr. "Pratt, "Francis Granger (Prohibition) receiving 875 votes. Messrs. Lemmon and Finefrock were elected Judges of Common Pleas. Wm. Bell was chosen Secretary of State, by 17,202 majority — Buchtel (Prohibition) receiving 7,815 votes. 1875. The political campaign of 1875, was among the most active and imjjortant in tiie history of the State. It was made so, chiefly, by two co-operating cau.ses: First, the ciirreniry issue, turning mainly on the (piestion of a resuin])tion of specie ]Kiyment h\ the (iovci-nnient by re- demption of its notes or " Greenl)a(dending on his re-election in 1875. Whih- the candidacy of Ex-Governor Hayes had then no recognized re- lation to the Presidential succession, tlie special prominence of the State canvass operated to give him a fiosition more National than ordi- narily attaches to Gubernatorial candidates. The result of the October election in the success of Ex-Governor Hajes soon developed through- out the country an a])])reciation of the contest not generally accepted at home, and one which was steadily enhanced, until, in the nomina- tion and election of Governor Haj'es in lH7(i, the fact was shown, that the choice of Presi- dent then made was practicallj' determined in the Ohio canvass of 1875. It isei|ually safe to saj-, that the question of resum])tion of specie payment under the existing act of Congress, was also determined by that result, more than by any other one fact. The vote in Lucas County in October, 1875, was as follows : Governor— R. B. Hayes,'' 5,86.5 ; Wm. Allen, + 4,481. Judge of Common Pleas — B. W. Rouse,* .5,962 ; J.J. French,! 4,442. State Senators- T. P. Brown,* 5,992; C.J. Swan,* .5,7:55 ; D. 1. Brown,t 4,212; ('. W. Mc- Donald, f 4,263. Representatives — R. C. Thompson,* 5,899; Conrad Huberich,* 5,786; John Ryan, + 4,4.52 ; L. C. Gibbs,t 4,78:;. Countv Clerk- M. J. Knriglit,* 6,001 ; W. H. McLyman,t 4,285. Probate .fudge— D. R. Austin,* 5,81 2; Thomas Dunlap,t 4, .548. Prose- cuting Attornev— J. D. Ford,* 5,.5.50 ; David II. Com- mager,t 4,767. ' SherlH— Albert Moore,* 6,021 ; C. W. Ferguson,f 4,317. Treasurer — William t'ummings.* 5,818; J. P. Shuck,! 4,451. Commissioner — lesse .'«. Norton,* 5,817; P. C. Lewis.f 4,108. Infirmary Director— Louis Kaiser,* 6,027 ; P. W. Kcegan.t 4,:524. Coroner-S. S. Thorn,* .5,7:54; G. W. Bowen.f 4,66.8. The vote in the State stood : Hayes,* 297,813 ; Allen, 1292,264; Odcll,J; 2,462. (»Repubfican. tDemo- cratic. tProhibition.) 358 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. i87n. The recurrence of the Presidential canvass invested the local political eamjiaign of 1876 with thes])ecial interest common to such con- tests. There was no political issue to heighten this feeling, except as the currency ques- tion in connection with the resumption of specie payment January 1, 1879, under the act of 1875, be recognizetl as such. In Lucas County that matter seemed to receive more attention than was common elsewhere. This, no doubt, was due to special causes, local in their nature, and it developed itself mainly among the Eepublicans, where a strong anti- resumption sentiment existed, as shown by the adoption of a resolution by their County Con- vention demanding the unconditional repeal of the Kesumption Act, as indispensable to the safetj' of the country's financial interests. That body met March 23tl, with A. H. McVey as President, and J. H. McKlroy and J. H. Emery as Secretaries. The following delegates to the State Convention were appointed: Richard Waite, N. M. Howard, Robert McCune, J. T. (ireer. H. A. ChamherUiin, J. W. Hiett, Guido Marx, J. D. Ford, Stilhiian Brown, A. H. McA'ey, Alex. Reed, John Paul Jones, Harvey Kellogg, Lucas Raab. A. P. Mann, H. H. Wakeman, T. S. Merrell, J. L. Pray, T. P. Brown, II. C. Thompson, Conrad Huberich. The delegates were, by vote, instructed to present to the State Convention the name of Clark Waggoner as a candidate for delegate-at- large from Ohio to the Eepublican ^National Convention. A Democratic County Convention was held April 25th, with E. D. Potter, Sen., as Presi- dent, and S. J. Mills and M. W. Carr as Secre- taries. The following delegatesi to the State Convention were appointed : Henry Lorenz, J. C. Wales, Erie Hamilton, S. H. Steedman, Henry Brand, Ed. Malone, Robert Oummings, E. S. Dodd, Patrick Dowling, Dr. W. W. Jones. Delegates to the Congressional Convention : Toledo— E. L. Graves, A. G. Oh^rk, S. G. Van Buren, C. L. Young, Barton Smith, E. B. Paine, John Shu- macher, W. F. Lockwood, E. D. Potter, B. F. Ritchie, Wm. H. Boos, R. J. Wallace, C. Daniels, H. E. Howe, E. S. Dodd. P. H. Rice, Dan. Pegur, S. W. Freeman, P. H. Christy, Henry Brand, Pat. Murray, Geo. Steb- bins, Arnold McMahon, D. A. Brown, Fred. Jaeger, E. A. Kitchen, Richard Dunning, J. C. Klotz, C. J. Kirschner, D. H. Comraager, M. Geelan, Geo. L. Johnson, M. M. Goulden. Oregon — Nathan Gardner. Providence — S. H. Steedman, John Ryan. Rit-hfield — L. C. Gibbs. Springtield— Patrick Dowling. Syl- vania — F. R. Warren. Washington — P. C. Lewis, C. W. Ferguson. Waterville— Wm. Dodd. AVhite- house— J. C. Wales. South Toledo— P. C. McGovern. The Republicans nominated their Countj- ticket August 7, 1876, at a Convention of which John R. Osborn was President and J. H. Emei-y and J. H. McElroy were Secretaries. The Democratic nominating Convention was held August 22d, with James B. Steedman as President and M. W. Carr, J. S. Mills and Henry Lorenz as Secretaries. The Colored voters organized a Hayes and Wheeler Union Club August 29, 1876, with the following officers: President — John Drown. Vice-President — Thos. Massey. Executive Committee — Robert Bailey, Car- ter Ferguson, Sijuire Lee, Frank Wright, Henry Gray. Captain — H. J. Lewis. 1st Lieutenant — J.W. Young. 2d Lieutenant — Henry Brown. Orderly — A. Fountain. Standard Bearer — Henry Harris. A " Greenback " meeting, consisting of advo- cates of the policj' of a permanent and exclusive National currency of CTOvernmcnt notes, simi- lar to the " CTreenbacks " issued during the Rebellion, was held at Toledo, August 31.st, with Ira E. Lee as Chairman, and J. B. Jordan and M. W. Carr as Secretaries. Bernard Mei- link, James Winans, Dr. J. G. Nolen, James Coyle and L. W. Waldron were appointed as a County Central Committee, and the following persons as delegates to a State Greenback Con- vention : B. Meilink, T. H. Donohue, J. L. Gray, S. S. Lin- ton, H. L. Machen, J. 51. Bloomer, A. L. IMurray, S. T. Curtis, James Winans, H. Bartlett, J. G. Nolen, Tlios. Page, F. H. Blakely, Fred. Brukisieker, J. C. Fiankenberger, Jose])husRicketts, W. W. Dyer, Her- man Baumbach, E. W. Hayes, F^lijah B. Payne. A Greenback County Convention was held September 15th, of which Dr. J. G. Nolen was President and J. C. Frankenberger Secretary. The vote in the County, October 10, 1876, was as follows : Secretary of State-Milton Barnes,*G,026 ; W. Bell, Jr.,t 4.S32. Judge of Common Pleas— Cooper •K. Watson,* 6,119 ; S. J. Patrick,! 4,788. Congress- Jacob D. Cox,* 5,655 ; F. H. Hurd.f 4,246. Auditor —J. P. Jones,* 5,996; Erie Hamilton,! 4,134; Ferd. W. Maehen,i 1,159. Commissioner— Henry C. Ely,* 5,492 ; Lucas Raab.f 4,285 ; David Miller,| 1,464. In- firmary Director — Ed. LTpton,* 5,978 ; Van Wor- raer,t 4,378 ; James Wickens, j 942. ( * Republicans, t Democrats, t Greenbackers.) E. C. Thompson, a Representative for Lucas County, having died, J, C. Messer, of Oregon Township, was nominated for the vacancy by the Republicans; Dr. W. W. Jones by the Democrats; and Walter Pickens by the Green - backers. The result of the vote at the Presidential election, November 7th, was as follows : President — Haves,* 6,524 ; Tilden,t 5.155 ; Cooper, t 281. Representative— J. C. Messer,* 6,285; W. W. Jones.t 5,100; W. Pickens,^ 398. 1877. The Eepublican Convention for making County nominations, was held Jul}' 29, 1S77, with J. M. Brown as President, and reporters of the Toledo press as Secretaries. The names of nominees appear in the election returns. J. M. Brown, H. G. Neubert, N. M. Howard, C. POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTIONS. 359 H. Sawyer, and J. R. Swigart were a]ipointcci as Central Committee. The Democrats nominated their County ticket August 16, 1877, by a Convention, of wliich E. 1>. Potter, Sen., was tlio teni])orary, and J. B. Steednian the permanent President. A new feature in local politics tins year was the formation of a ticket b}- a new organization, known as the " Nationals," otherwise the " Greenback " party. The result of the October election in the County was as Ibllows : Governiir— W. II. West,* 2,(i()7 ; R. U. Bishop.t .3,1"),-); Johnson, t -1,212. Senators— L. F. Lyttle,* 2,879 ; E. W. Merry,* 2,,-),^9 ; J. B. Steedman.t 2,984 ; Joy,t 2,970; Henry Kahlo,t 4,279 ; Campbell.t 4,116. Representatives — .1. C. Messer,* 2,.53G; J. F. Kumler,* 2,()7o ; George L. Johnson, t 3,211; F. R. Warren,! 3,051 ; D. B. Sturgeon, t 3,87.') ; Harvey Kellogg,! 4,334. Treasurer — Wui. Cummings,* .3,103 ; August Pilliod,t 2.776; E. B. Hall.j 3,979. Prosecuting At- torney—A. S. Hill,* 2,773 ; Byron Ritchie.t 2,814 ; N. M. Odell.t 4,093. Sherifi— AVm. Babington,* 2,181 ; Patrick Dowling.t 3.372; S. S. Linton,! 4,399. Re- corder— J. S. Kouutz,* 3,688 ; N. A. Marsh, t 2,3.53; Isaac Head,! 4,012. Infirmarv Director— W. B. Gunn,* 2,807; Johnson,! 2,868; P. f. Clark,! 4,11.8. Survevor — B. H. Hitchcock,* 2,708 ; — Felix,! 2,867 ; Charles i^hoemaker,! 4,113. Commissioners — J. C. Rouieis,® 2,820; C. B. HoUowav,* 2,8.57; A. Bunert,! 2,767; — Ballou,! 2,723; W. C. Cheney,! 4,375; James Coyle,! 4,179. (* Republicans. ! "Democrats. 1 Na- tionals.) 1878. The first National Convention of the National or Greenback party was held at Toledo, Feb- ruary 21 and 22, 1878, 24 States and Territories being represented. Prominent among the del- egates were S. F. Cary and Stephen Johnson, of Ohio ; Solon Chase, of Maine ; Blanton Dun- can, of Kentucky ; M. M. (" Brick ") Pomeroy and Alex, Campbell, of Illinois; J, B. Weaver, of Iowa; A. B. MuUett, of District of Columbia; Francis W. Hughes, of Tennessee; Moses W. Field, of Michigan ; J. P. Jones, of Nevada ; O. G. Chase, of New York. Francis W. Hughes was President ; Ralph B. Hoyt of Michif^an, G. H. Jones of New York, and J. W. Mufliy of Iowa, Secretaries. At request of the Conven- tion, Mrs. Rosa L. Segur, President of the To- ledo Woman Suffrage Association, read a com- munication from that bod}-, which was favora- bly received. A platform was adopted and an Executive Committee appointed, on which Dr. D. B. Sturgeon of Toledo, represented Ohio. The distinctive feature of the platform was its demand that all money be furnished by the Government, and that its volume be regulated per capita of population. The Republican County Convention was held July 13, 1878, with General Wager Swayne as President, and C. L. Kennedy, Maurice Perkins and Julius Vordlriede, as Secretaries. The Democratic County Convention was held July 20, 1878, of which H. P. Piatt was Presi- dent, and C. H. Lemmon, Robert S. Gardner and B. F. Wade, Secretaries. A County ticket was nominated. The Re|)ublican District Convention, held July Kith, noiniiuitod Charles Foster for Con- gress, notwithstanding that gcnllcTuan did not reside within the District. He declineil the nomination, on the gi'ound that iiis friends wished him to make the canvass in the District of his residence, althougli such was hojieloss of success. .lames H. Lucke}', of Ottawa County, was selected for the v.icancy. The Greenback or National i)istrict Conven- tion, August 1st, nominated Henry Kahlo of Toledo, for ('ongress, on a vote of 74.3, to 22>4 for I. H. Sherwood, 89.9 for J. A. Haigh, 5.05 for Charles (Jravens and 4 for Oscar Ball. Frank II. Hurd was nominated fV)r Congress by the Democi'atic t'onvention, receiving 73 votes, to 05 cast for Moi-gan Shaffer of llan- cock C'ounty. The vote in the ("ounty stood as follows: Secretary of State — Milton Barnes,* 3,215 ; Havid Page,! 3,327. Congress-J. B. Luckev,* 3,148; F. H. Hurd,! 3,618 ; Henry Kahln,! 4. 112. Judge of Com- mon Pleas — W. F. Lockwood,*! 6,702; Ira K. Lee,+ 4,097 Probate Judge— C'. I-. Kennedy,* 2,527; M. E. Howe,! 3,862; I. R. Sherwood,! 3,.H76. Auditor— J. P. Jones,* 4,025 ; Patrick Fitzpatrick,! 2,992 ; Jas: Winans,! 3,8.35. Clerk— M. J. Enright,* 3,990 ; (ieo. Vetter,! 2,906; Walter Pickens,! .•!,894. Cornuiis- sioners — J. C. Messer.* 3,263 ; Thomas P.rown,* 3,324; — Mallon!, 3,465 ; — Bowou,! 3,109 ; James Covle,! 4,090; J. E. Wilcox,! 4,040. Infirmary Director— S. S. Ketcham,* 3,289 ; Lucas Raab.t 3,308 ; - Morrill,! 3,8.31. The vote of the State stood : Secretary of State — Milton Barnes,* 274,120 ; D. R. Page,! 270,;«i6 ; An- drew Koy,l 38,332 ; J. N. Robin.son,«i .5,682 ; scatter- ing, 28. IJarnes's plurality, 3,154. (* Republicans ; ! Democrats ; ! Greenbackers ; '1 Prohibition.) 1879. The Lucas County vote in October, 1879, was as follows : Governor— Charles Foster, 5,1.52 ; Thomas Ewing, 5,245; Piatt (Greeidraeker). 1,5.50. Senator— II. S. AVall)ridge, 5,421; .lohn A. Wilkius, 4,410; J. I.. Curtis (Gr.), 2,046. Judges of Common Picas CViurt — John H. Doyle, 5,113 ; Charles P. Wickham, 4,824 ; R. C. Lemmon, .5,198; Thonuis P. Finefrock, 4,135. Representatives— N. M. Howard, 5,151 ; C. B. Hollo- way, 4,965; J. M. Hueston, 4,286; E. S. Ood.l, 4,1.34 ; Harvey Kellogg (Gr.) 2,660; — Howland ((Jr.) 2,752. Sherift— Albert Moore, 4,779; Patrick Dowling, 4,0(;3; — Tinkham (Gr.) 3, 129. Treasurer— J. W. T.iullerton, 4,.587; Sam. Stetlincr, 3,:i00; E. B. Hall (Gr.) 4,070. Prosecuting Attorney— C. L. Kennedy, 4, .591 ; Byron Ritchie, 3,940 ; N. ^t. Odcll, 3,4.52. Coroner— Chas. Hohly, 4,946; — Wright, 3,7-56; — Chaniberlin (Gr.) 2,825. Commissioner— 11. C. Ely, 4,854; — Jones, 3,7.56 ; — Sanderson (Gr.) 3,192. Infirmary Director- Ed. I'pton, 5,025; — Gessner, 4,134; I''. R. Tigges, 2,798. Th(i total vote for State Senator stood : For H. S. Walliridge, 17,701 ; John A. Wilkins, 17,999; S. L. Curtis (Gr.), 2,483. A contest was proposed, in Mr. Walbridgc's 360 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. behalf, on the ground of the illegality of Dr. Wilkins's vote "in Henry County, on account of the tickets luxvlng been unlawfully made dis- tinguishable by the color of the paper on which they were printed ; but Mr. Walbridge, accept- ing such ballots as expressing tlie will of the voters easting them, declined to make a contest. The vote of the State for Governor stood : Foster* 336,261; T. Ewing, 319,132; A. S. Piatt (Gr.), 9,129; G. T. Stewart (Pro.) 4,14."). 1880. The Republican Convention for the nomina- tion of a County ticket was held July 24, 1880, with Eev. Robert MeCune as President and W. R. Leflet, E. L. Jones and J. Vordtriede as Secretaries. The ticket appears in the vote of the County given elsewhere. A notable inci- dent of the occasion was the nomination of a candidate for Recorder on a vote of 85f to 85^. The Republican Congressional Convention was held July 29th, with W. T. Walker, of Lucas, as President, and J. H. McElroy as Sec- retary. James M. Ritchie, of Toledo, was nom- inated for Congress. The vote on the first ballot stood : J. M. Ritchie, 42.54; J. K. Ham- ilton, 46.48; Wm. Sheffield, 22; L. S. Baum- gardner, 18.39; J. H. Brigham, 39.15. Sixth ballot — Ritchie, 118; Hamilton, 52 ; Brigham, 1. The Greenback District Convention met at Toledo August 7th, with J. W. Northrop as President and W. W. Cook as Secretary. B. F. Miller, of Lucas, was nominated for Congress, upon the following vote; Miller, 66; Daniel Fink, of Fulton County, 31; James M. Ashley, 1. The Democratic Convention was held August 10th, of which J. M. Hueston was President, and E. S. Dodd and J. W. Erwin Secretaries. C. F. Curtis, G. W. Davis, T. W. Childs, Ed. Malone, L. C. Gibbs, C. H. Coy, D. O. Brown, John Cummingsand H. P. Piatt were appointed as Central Committee. Frank H. Hurd was nominated for re-elec- tion August 12th, by the Democratic Congres- sional Convention held at Napoleon. The Greenback or National County Conven- tion was held July 24, 1880, of which Ira E. Lee was President and J H. McGuire Sec- retary. Henry Mooers, Herman Baumbach, A. B. Conant, E. B. Hall, Wm. Blystone, Wm. Taylor, B. F. Miller, Harvey Kellogg, W. B. Warren and P. J. Mettler were appointed del- egates to a State Convention, and Herman Baumbach, Frank Blakely, H. C. Ellis, B. F. Miller, Jacob Romeis, J. E Wilcox andAVesley Hicks as a County Committee. This party nominated its County ticket August 28th, when Harvey Kellogg was President of the Convention, and Gilbert Canneff Secretarj'. During the political campaign of 1880 an or- ganization was formed of Republicans of Tole- do advanced in life, who took the name of "Silver Gray Repuljlican Club," witb the fol- lowing officers : President — John R. Osborn. Vice-Presidents — Horace S. Wulbridge, Mavor Brigham, Dr. J. A. Tenney, Win. Breed, Chauncy Woodruff, Col. Horace N. Howland, Fitch Dewey and David E. Merrill. Secretary —Wm. T. Walker. Executive Committee — L. S. Baumgardner, Dr. S. S. Tliorne, Welcome 0. Parker, John J. Barker, Milton Taylor. Captain — Col. Jolm Faskin. The names of 164 voters in the County were enrolled as members, with their ages respect- ively as follows : Richard Mott, 76. D. E. Merrill, 79. Hiram Herrick, 60. Joel Fosprett, 64. John Kauffman, 69. Harry Cole, 71. Wm. Galvert, 61. H. S. Walbridge, 55. C. D. Woodrutf, 67. Thos. Howells, 69. Joel W. Kelsey, 60. J. P. Powers, 67. J. L. Pratt, 72. W. H. Osgood, 60. Thos. Bloomfield, 65. Calvin K. Bennett, 69. Henry Bennett, 75. Schubel Mennson, 60. Elias H. Wright, 63. Robert McCune, .55. Cxeo. W. Hubbard, 62. L. S. Baumgardner, 48. Wm. Breed, 54. J. C. Curtis, 65. Eli Darian, 59. Gius. G. Fulton, 73. James Shaw, 60. Clark Waggoner, 60. Geo. D. Claflin, 49. Robert H.'Bell, .59. David Davis, 65. Elwood Bateman, 55. Lafayette Lyttle, 50. Josephus Ricketts, 68. Lehman Kraus, 65. Andrew Hunker, 64. James Marston, 54. Henry T. Cook, .54. Frederick G. Roulet, 47. Chas. Dodge, 55. Wm. A. Webb, 63. Richard Day, 47. Rev. J. C. Cromack, 69. Justus McDonald, 53. Jacob Greener, 67. Geo. S. McKnight, 61. Michael Hoag, 68. Geo. W. Reynolds, 64. G. H. Parsons, 60. John Van Gunten, 46. W. A. Titus, 58. Horace Thacher, 79. Wra. Wilmington, 61. James H. Beatty, 55. Wm. T. Walker, 55. James Draper, 58. W. B. Andrews, 70. E. V. McMaken, 60. S. S. Hooper, 64. Joseph Heinhl, .55. Thos. J. Webb, 53. Wm. E. Standart, 52. James L. Smith, 60. D. F. DeWolf, 57. Ebenezer Bivins, 66. John Dillon, 72. Joseph Jones, 76. Isaac C. Vaughn, 68. Levi Snell, 71. Daniel Bladen, 72. Chas. Kent, 59. James Melvin, 53. N. R. Locke, Adams Township, 88. Samuel Lyons, 58. John R. Osborn, 67. Calvin Herrick, 60. Wm. R. Hoyt, 65. Samuel S. Read, 65. Alonzo Chesebrough, 62. Mavor Brigham, 74. James McNelly, .54. J. F. Shepard, 71. David McCormiek, 67. Horace N. Howland, .55. Jonathan Wynn, (i3. Dr. James L. Ciiase, 75. Dr. Jacob Clark, 77. Henrv J. Hayes, 62. Dr. Chas. Cochran, 64. Col. John Faskin, 59. Dr. David B. Scott, 77. James M. Ritchie, 51. David Johnson, 72. Robert C. Navarre, .50. Salter Cleveland, 82. Geo. E. Pomeroy, Sr., 74. J. W. Jaquett, 64. Welcome 0. Parker, 58. Fitch Dewey, .55. Jona. Lundv, 83. .5. Rev. R. M. Badeau, 70. J. S. Barker, 64. Chas. B. Phillips, 60. E. W. Pettis, 54. Henry D. Kingsbury, 62. Henry Breed, 63. James H. Camijbell, 68. Zalmon Thomas, 75. Rev. H. M. Bacon, 53. T. H. Woodruff, 59. POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTIONS. 3(11 Flavel Grant, 73. E. K. IIciwc, 72. J. V. Matthias, 5o. Nathan M. Lamlis, 59. Hcnrv MiTrill, -'n!. S. StJhhins, 72. Jona. Smith, ."SO. W. I. Kflk'v, 41'. H. L. Tliorndike, 57. Adam Hui'sei't, 51. Franklin Hnlibanl, 53. Ilcury Spifllniscli, 55. Geo. Tanner, 05. James Chew, 59. Andrew P. Merson, (iO. Ed. Sawyer, 02. Milton Taylor, 50. Dr. S. 8. Thorn, .55. G. W. Miilni\-,.5,S. J. T. liloondield, 75. .Iosei>h Powell, 77. J. C. Davis, 51. S. D. Chamberlin, 00. II. Thonidike, .55. James D. Myers, 52. Jnlius Vordtrifdo, GcS. W. W. Winter, 58. Geo. K. Boardnian,'G2. Wesley McNult, O:!. AVesley J. Wells, 09. Wm. A. Beach, 58. Jacob C. Greener, 67. James A. Tenney, 74. M. (_). Wagifoner, 54. K. H. Van Hoesen,50. E. W. Lenderison, 50. The following was the vote in Lucas Count}'. October, 1S80;' Secretarv of State — Townsend,* 0,059; Lang,f 0,181 ; Llovd,t 049. Congressman— J. M. Ritchie,* 0,S15 ; F. H. Ilnrd.T 0,151 ; B. F. Miller.t 507. Com- mon Pleas Judge (long term)— C. P. Wickham,* | 7,823; Jay Patrick, t 5,971; (short term)— John Mackey,* 0,752 ; Gilbert Harmon, t| (),722. Recorder — W. W. Alcorn,* 0,4.55 ; C. J. Kir.schner,t 0,157; P. J. Mettler,}: 8.52. Commi.ssioner — Justus McDonald,* 6,.593; John Ryan,f 5,954; J. E. Wilcox,^ 920.- Sur- veyor — Samuel Bement,* 6,053; Geo.' Meissner,t 6,048; D. A. Pease, f 793. Infirmary Director — Frank Hamilton,* 6,80(i ; Frank Tilman",f 5.705 ; Wesley Hicks,]; 1,020. (''Republicans, f Democrats. | Na- tionals.) J. M. Ritchie was elected to Congress (the District then comprising Lucas, Wood, Ottawa, Fulton, Henry and Williams Countie.s), by a majority of 004. The vote for President in the County stood ; Gartiekl, 7,157 ; Hancock, 5,985 ; Weaver (Na- tional), 420 ; Prohibition, 2L 188L The Eepubliean County Convention was held August li, 1881, with J. M. Brown as President and reporters of Republican papers as vSecre- taries. Four tickets were in the tield — Republican, Democrat, National or Greenback, and Pi-ohi- bition, which appear in the election returns in the order named. The vote of Lucas Count}- in October, 1881, was as follows : Governor — Charles Foster, 5,004; J. W. Bookwal- ter, 5,272; John Seitz, 379. Representatives— C. B. Holloway, 5,155 ; Noah H.Swayne, Jr., 5,389 ; Henry Kahlo, 5,418 ; L. C. Gibbs, 5,338 ; Rowland, 302; D. N. Trowl)ridge, 312. Senators — J. D. Norton, ma- joritv over Manville, 3-53; J. H. Brigham, 5,03() ; J. B. Steedman, 5,219. Sheriff— Albert Moore, 4.840 ; John S. Harbeck, 5,843. Treasurer~J. W. Toullerton, 4,775; Joel W. Kelsey, 5,929; John W. Hiett, 273. Auditor— J. P. Jones] 5,111; Walter Pickens, 5,517. Probate Judge— Augustus W. Eckert, 5,292; I. R. Sherwood, 5,397. Clerk— R. C. Quiggle, 5,-363 ; Geo. Grogan, 5,214 ; C. Frederick, 310. Prosecuting At- torney — C. L. Kennedy, 5,1-50; Ezra S. Dodd, 5,283. Commissioner — C. D. Woodruff', 5,162; Ignace Wer- nert, 5,492. Infirmary Director— Geo. Mack, 5,300 ; Van Fleet, 5,306." 24 The total vote of the Senatorial District gave Norton 797 mujoritj' over Dr. Manville, and Brigham lliS over Steedman ; P. C. Beard and Condil ( I'roiiibition) receiving 741 and 7j!4, re- s])eclively. The Stale vote on (iovernor stood : P'ostor, 312,735; Bookwalter, 288,330; Ludlow, 10,- 599, and Seitz, 0,320. 1882. The chief local interest in the election of 1882, consisted ii^ the choice of a member of Congress. Charles A. King was the Republi- can, and Frank il. Hard the Democratic can- didate, both being residents of Lucas Count}'. The resultof the October election in the (-'ounty was as follows : For Secretary of State — Charles Townsend, 5,().80 ; — Newman, 6,.5()4; — Hafer (Greenbacker) 1.53; — Schumacher (Prohibition), 92. Judge of Su- preme Court— John H. Dovie, 0,403; - Okey, 5,861. Congress— C. A. King, 6,211; F. H. Ilurd, 0.004; Rhodes (Greenbacker), 108; Luse (Pnihibitiun), 74 ; Commissioner — Ed. Upton, 5,-591 ; F. R. Warren, 0.054. Infirmary Director — J. C. Messer, 5,737 ; T. O'Neil, 0.457 ; Harvey Kellogg (Gr.). 178; — .Stod- dard (Pro.), 90. (First named, Republicans; second, Democrats.) The aggregate vote of the Congressional District stood— King, 13,430; Kurd, 14,.);;4 ; Rhodes, 237; Luse, 173. The State vote was : Republican, 298,7-59 ; Demo- cratic, 316,874 ; Greenback, 5,345; Prohibition, 12 202. 1883. The State election of 1883 was given sjiccial interest by the submission l()r the action of the people of two amendments to the State ('onsti- tution, to wit : First amendment, to provide for the regulation of the liquor traffic within the State, l3y such system as the Legislature might adopt ; and the Second amendment to ]irohibit such traffic within the State. It was not made a partisan issue, the two political parties having been divided u})on the question. The Republican Convention for noTninating a County ticket was held August 11, 1883, with W. T. Walker as temporary, and J. .M. Kitchio as permanent President, and the reporters of the Re|)ublican press as Secretaries. The vote at the October election was as fol- lows : Governor— J. B. Foraker,* 6,048 ; George Hoad- ley,t 7,832. Senator— John C. Korick,* 6,102 ; Geo. Laskcy,* 6,120; W. II. McLynian.t 7,785; — Ran- nev,t 7,7-50, Representatives— N. H. Swayne,* 0,47.3; Jaiues Mar.ston,* 0,062 ; Ed. Malone,t 7,403; Wm. Beattv,t 7,626. Judge of Common Pleas— George R. Hiiynes,* 8,088; J. M. Ritchie,* 5,851 ; L. II. Pike,t 5,851; David H. Commager,t 7,008. SheriH'— Wm. Casey,* 5,0-52 ; J. S. Harbeck,} 8,742. Treasurer— Joel W. Kelsev.t 6,807 ; F. R. Warren,! 7,1 :!7. Recorder- W. W. Alcorn,* 0,276 ; C. J. Kir.scbner,t 7,019. (,'oni- nu.ssioner — Stilhuan Brown,* 0,100; John liyan.t 7,7.59. Infirujary Director- Frank Hamilton,* 0,000 ; — Ferguson,! 7,841. Coroner — Frederick Ibjhiy,* 6,478; George Hollister,f 7,390. Surveyor— James Marston,* 5,982 ; George Mei.ssner,t 7,905. IJijuor 362 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Amendments to State Constitution : 1st (to regulate the traffic)— Yes, 3,080 ; No, 8,999; 2d (toproliibitthe sale)— Yes, 4,914; No, ;i,72S. 1884. The campaign of 1884, involving the choice of a President^ was attended with the usual in- terest. In this Congressional District, the contest was specially animated, turning largelj^ on the Tariff question, Jacob Romeis, tiie Re- publican nominee, representing the policy of Protection ; and Mr. Hurd, the Democratic candidate, that of Free Trade. The vote of the County stood as follows; Secretary of State— J. S. Robinson, 8,203 ; — New- man, 7,866. Congress — Jacob Romeis, 8,850 ; F. H. Hurd, 7,241. Common Pleas Judges— C. G. Wilson, 8,504; Charles Dodge, 8,256; D. H. Commager, 7,631; R. C. Lemmon. 7,913. Circuit Judge— George R. Haynes, 8,733 ; L. D.Strutton, 7..584. Auditor— Chas. A. C. Vordtriede, 8,299; Walter Pickens, 7,825. Pro- bate Judge— Joseph AV. Cummings, 8,485 ; Henry E. Howe, 7,636. Clerk— R. G. Quigley, 8,367 ; Charles Noble, 7,679. Prosecuting Attorney— J. H. Southard, 8,815 ; E. S. Dodd, 7,340. Commissioners— (Full term) James Coyle, 8,488 ; Ignace Wernert, 7,585 ; (vacan- cy) John Bla'den, 8,405; L. C. Gibbs, 7,706. Infirmary Director— George Mack, 8,605 ; Peter Wyek, 7,224. Mr. Romeis's majority in the District (Lucas, Ottawa, Sanduskj' and Erie Counties) was 239. Mr. Hurd made contest for the seat, on the ground of irregularity on the part of election officers, bribery and intimidation of voters. The matter wa.s vigorously jn-essed by both sides before the House of Representatives dur- ing the session of 1885-G, resulting in the seat- ing of Mr. Romeis. Tiie total vote of the Judicial Circuit (Lucas, Sandusky, Ottawa, Erie, Huron, Loi'ain, Cuy- ahoga and Summit Counties), stood : Haynes, 59,9iJl ; Strutton, 52,358. The vote of Lucas County for President was as follows : 1 6 1 SI. John. Toledo- Precinct A, First Ward B, '■ ■• .... C, ■' " .... 123 3M 399 208 257 173 871 314 .341 165 175 131 234 374 429 277 202 201 487 292 216 301 .359 93 67 21 83 225 307 I4S 228 162 205 174 182 305 167 232 397 530 310 344 199 359 365 98 329 1.30 321 87 68 35 2 3 7 2 4 1 B, " " .... C, " " .... A. Third Ward 1 2 1 5 B, " '• .... C, " ■■ .... A, Fourth Ward 2 2 4 B, " " .... C, " " .... A, Fifth Ward.... B, " " .... C, " " .... A, Sixth Ward 6 4 5 9 2 i 7 B, ■' " A, Seventh Ward B, " " .... C, ■• " .... A, Eighth Ward.. 7 1 11 3 B, " " .... C, " " .... South Toledo— 1st Ward 2d Ward 3d Ward 14 8 2 1 5 s e ^ i 1 1 26 161 123 258 157 MO r,7 100 102 207 181 98 147 98 90 34 120 124 232 109 97 67 54 42 83 114 123 61 123 115 3 6 3 .\danis 1 2 '7" 2 4 8' s" 27 Richfield 4 Spencer 4 12 Swantou 6 24 Washington— 1st Precinct 2d " 3d " Waterville 13 io" White House Totals 8,314 9.57 706 400,082 7,387 368,280 135 5,179 156 Plurality Total vote of Ohio 10,009 1885. The following was the vote in Lucas County at the State election, October, 1885 : For Governor— J. B. Foraker,* 7,080 ; George Hoadley,t 6,894 ; — Leonard,! 428. State Senators— AV. W. "Cook,* 7,218; W. C. Tingle,* 7,092; Ezra S. Dodd,t 6,809 ; — Groschner,t 0,825 ; — White,t 422 ; — Echols,t 412. Judge of Common Pleas Court — Charles P. Wickham,* 7,227; T. P. Finefrock.t 6,802; P. C. Beard, t 380. Representatives— Orville S. Brum- bach,* 7,101 ; Herman Baumbach,* 6,586; J. H. Puck.f 7,017: — Hicks.f 6,805. Treasurer— Horace J. Potter,* 7,134; F. J. Cheney,t6,,s.32; L. H. Johnson,^ 384. Sberiti —Robert H. Bell,* 6,480 ; Benj. F. Wade,f 7,.3,S7; — Monroe, J 380 ; M. Mallon,1[ 122. Commissioners — John P. Holloway,* 6,776; L. C. Gibbs,t 7,092; S. B. Worden,j: 535. Infirmary Director— Joseph N. Blum- berg,* 6,923 ; Thomas 0'Npill,t 7,047 ; — Trumbull,! 420. Coroner — Wilson W. Cullison," 7,315 ; George A. Hollister.t 6,074; — Radclifie.t 417. I* Republi- cans, t Democrats, t Prohibtion. 'i Independent.) 188G. For the first time in the history of Ohio, the annual State election, under the amendment of the Constitution, was this year held in Novem- ber, instead of October. The object of such change was to avoid a second general election for President, when such should occur. The chief local interest on this occasion, arose in the choice of Congressman, and was due largely to the fact that Jacob Romeis (Republican), and Frank H. Hurd (Democrat), parties to the con- test for the seat in the 4iHh Congress, were opposing candidates in an appeal to the people of the District. Their canvass engrossed largely the public attention, and was prosecuted witii vigor. The following was the result of the vote in Lucas Countj^ on the candidates named : Secretary of State — James S. Robinson,* 7,942 ; John McBriile.f 7,574; Henry R. Smith,t 299. Representative in Conyress- Jacob Romeis,* 8,8,87; F. H. Hurd. T 6,653; George ^\'- Hagans.t 2150. Common Pleas Juilge — John Mackev,*8,i:i2 ; J. L. Dewitt,t 7,376 ; Ilewson S. Peeke,t 308". County Commissioner — Edward S. Lloyd,* 7,587; John Ryau,t 7,968 ; Silas M. Johnson,| 239. Recorder— Wm. V. McMaken,* 8,125; Chas. J. Kir.schner,t 7,339 ; C. N. Hollister,{ 282. POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTIONS. 363 Survevor — Henrv \V. AVilholm,* 8,243; George MeissneV, jr.,t, 7,24^ ; Thos. Kiuklift",? 297. Infiriiiarv Director— Geo. W. lievnokls,* S.IGG; Clias. \V. Ferguson, t 7,.300 ; Sylve.^ter B. Worden,; 312. *ReiMiblicans. fDemocrat.s, tProliil)itionists. The vote in the Congressional District was as follows : Counties. Jiomeis. Hurd. Hagans. Lucas S,887 6,053 230 Sandusky 2,i)74 3,329 130 Ottawa 1,643 2,348 18 Erie 3.674 3,368 94 Totals 17,178 15,692 472 Plurality 1,486 Majority 1,014 The aggregate vote for Judge of Common Pleas in the District (Lucas, Ottawa, Sandusky, Erie and Huron Counties), was as follows: ForMaekey, 19,.">04; DeWitt, 19,983; Peeke, 1,006; Plurality for Dewitt, 479; majority against same, 527. The vote of the State on Secretary, stood : J. S. Robinson, 340,895 ; John McBride, .329,314; H. R. Smith, . Republican plurality, 11, .581; Re- publican majority, . What came to be known as the Greenback or National ]iart3% first made its a])pearancc in 1S76, when Peter Cooper was its candidate for President, and Samuel F. Gary for Vice-Presi- dent. Lucas County was a chief locality of its strength, that being the only County in the State in which it cast a ])luralit3' of the ballots, its vote in 1877 having been 40 per cent, of the total vote cast. The main occasion for its organization was the proposed resumption of specie payments bj- the Governnient, which it resisted, proposing instead the permanent use of Government paper, and the exclusion of coin as a basis for currency. With the suc- cessful inauguration of resumption, January 1, LS7!), this partj- began rapidly to subside, and soon it had virtually disappeared as a separate organization. At the elections of 1877 and '78, its tickets in Toledo and the County were elected. Its rise and fall, as indicated by the election returns, is shown in the following tables, giving its vote and that of the Repub- lican and Democratic parties in Lucas County and the State : 1870. 18T7. 1878. 1879. President. Governor Secretary of State. Attorney General. Rep. Dem. Rep. Dem. JVa(. Rep. Dem. Nat. Rep. Dem. Nat. Toledo— First Ward 682 813 244 153 474 319 176 430 493 238 301 " Second Ward 511 378 224 199 3.50 293 253 361 457 403 183 Third Ward 801 436 410 325 223 .569 309 227 712 362 127 Fourth Ward 416 519 129 287 418 206 431 308 216 510 234 Fifth Wanl 677 333 881 310 163 97 294 192 797 279 188 128 536 233 700 232 372 214 648 294 533 " Sixth Ward 136 Seventh Wanl 616 466 272 260 482 421 333 359 363 428 229 Eighth Ward 479 533 147 233 430 171 359 404 387 405 370 Totals in Toledo 4515 3846 1686 1943 3553 2295 2632 3081 3524 3133 2113 Mauniee — First Ward 129 75 56 75 43 64 65 37 82 78 30 " .Second Ward 64 64 27 63 33 30 57 30 49 49 30 Third Ward 16 35 8 40 13 12 26 17 9 40 9 Totals, JIaumee 209 174 91 178 89 106 148 84 140 167 69 Adams 146 86 61 72 46 61 80 74 87 82 63 Monclova 141 89 111 79 6 78 55 57 118 69 25 Oregon.. _. .. _ __ _. . 216 129 138 123 132 78 100 71 106 86 87 73 68 28 9 115 42 91 81 72 71 153 (>8 28 165 1123 136 IKi 87 92 Providence _ _. _ 14 RichHeld 12 Spencer 85 50 24 40 39 19 34 64 47 62 28 Springlield 100 64 68 63 42 48 39 58 83 35 29 Swanton ._. 83 39 42 25 1 41 15 34 83 35 8 Sylvania 232 93 120 64 59 118 72 43 180 70 14 Washington— First Precinct 78 40 143 146 24 127 236 66 71 '■ Second Precinct 30 17 25 39 21 18 46 21 27 Totals, Washington 334 148 108 57 168 185 45 145 280 87 98 Waterville .. ._ .. 70 109 45 89 26 44 73 47 53 99 27 WavnesKeld _ 38 24 16 22 11 17 25 12 24 25 10 Wliitehouse . . ... 85 2105 115 1294 32 985 70 1013 30 632 34 t)99 68 899 41 808 56 1575 88 1132 28 Totals outside Toledo 517 Grand Totals for County 6524 5155 2671 3155 4076 3294 3521 3993 5099 42(i5 2630 3G4 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY, The National party had a ticket in the year 18S0, but not thereafter. After that year, its jnenibcrs hargcly, though not wholly, returned to their Ibrnier political attiliations. The rise and fall of that oi-ganization in Lucas County are shown by the 'following table of votes cast there at State elections in the years named, to wit: 1877. 1878. 1879. 1S80, Republicans 2671 3294 5099 0659 Democrats 3155 3521 42(;5 6181 Nationals 4076 3993 2630 649 The votes of the same parties in the State for the same years were as follows : 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. Republicans 248,945 274,120 336,261 375,048 Democrats 271,625 270,966 319,132 340,.S21 Naliouals 16,912 38,332 9,129 6,456 POLITICAL LITERATURE. Among the popular Whig songs of 1840, were the following: THE HURRAH SONG.- Old Tip's the Boy to swing the iiail, Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah! And make the Locos all turn pale, Hurrah, hurrah, hurrali ! He'll give them all a tartial switcheu, When he begins to " Clar' de Kitchen," Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah, hurrah, hurrah, hurrah ! Plonghboys though he leads in battle. Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah ! He is a team at raising cattle, Hurrah, hurrah, hurrali! And though old Proctor at him kicked, He is the chap that ne'er was licked, Hurrah, &c. His latch-string hangs outside the door. Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah.! As it has always hung before, Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah ! We've vowed by Whigs he should be sent To Washington as President, Hurrah, &c. In all the States no door stands wider, Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah ! To ask you in to drink Hard Cider. Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah! But any man that's " given to grabbin," t'an never enter his Log Cabin, Hurrah, &e. For such as Swartwout, Price and Boyd. Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah ! His honest soul will e'er avoid. Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah ! And ijoverty he thinks no crime. But welcomes it at dinner time, Hurrah, &c. So here's three cheers for honest Tip, Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah I We've got the Locos on the hip, Plurrah, hurrah, hurrah ! We'll row them all tar up Salt River, There let them stand to shaku and shiver, Hurrah, (fee. * Sung for the first time at the dedication of the Whig I^og- f'abin in Ohio City (now part of Cleveland), in March, 1840. Like the rushing of mighty waters, waters, waters. On It will go ; And in its course it will clear the way, For Tippecanoe, &c. See the Loco standard tottering, tottering, tottering, Down it must go ; And in its phuH- we'll rear the flag Of Tippecanoe, &c. Don't you hear from every quarter, quarter, quarter, Good news and true, That swift the ball is rolling on, For Tippecanoe, &c. The Buckeye Boys turned out in thousands, thousands, thou- sands. Not long ago, And at Columbus set their seals For Tippecanoe, Ac. Now you hear the Van Jacks talking, talking, talking, Things look quite blue. For all the world seems turning round For Tippecanoe, &c. Let them talk about Hard Cider, cider, elder, And I-iOg Cabins, too, 'Twill help to speed the ball, For Tippecanoe, &c. The latch-string hangs outside the door, door, door, And is never pulled through, For that never was the custom of Old Tippecanoe, &c. He always has his table set, set, set, For all honest and true, And invites them all to take a bite With Tippecanoe, &c. See the spoilsmen and leg-treasurers, treasurers, treasurers, All in a stew. For well they know they stand no chance With Tippecanoe, tfcc. Little Matty's days are numbered, numbered, numbered, *Out he must go, And in the chair we'll place the good Old Tippecanoe, aign of 1844, and continuing more or less actively for 10 years, he produced an amount and variety of that class of litera- ture not equaled lj3' that of any other writer ; and while it was partisan, and designed as such , it was pervaded by a spirit of good nature which disarmed criticism, even from his polit- ical opponents. Among his earlier produc- tions most popular with the Whigs, was the one written in response to a call from the Editor of the Ohio Statesman (Sam. Medary), then the Democratic organ, for "a song from Greiner," soon after the nomination of David Tod for Governor by the Democrats in January, 1844. It was as follows : GOVEENOR TOD. Air — Rosin tlie Bow. Soon after the great nomination Was held at Columtms. so odd, • There was quite a joltilieation At the homestead of Governor Tod. His Mother, good pious old lady, Her spectacles threw on the sod— " Good gracious! who d thought that our Davy Would ever be Governor Tod T' His Sisters, each other remarking, Said proudly, " Those fellows may plod. Who used to coine np here a sparking The Sisters of Governor Tod."' The little Tods, Ijuilding play-houses, .\s they in their petticoats trod. Said, " Oh, Mother, now shan't we wear Irowsers, Since Papa is Governor Tod '? " Indeed, we will cut no more capers, Because it would look very odd. If we were to play with the neighbors. And we all young Governors Tod." " Be quiet, each little young sappy, I'll tickle your backs with the rods ; It's only myself and your Papa Are Governors, saucy young Tods." So, now, if the people are hardened. And shouldn't elect him, how odd ; They surely will never get pardoneartloy, the Whig candidate, in 1844, and again by Wm. J5ebb, in 1840, Mr. Tod, in 18(il, as the Union nominee, was elected tiovernor by a strong majoritj'. In January, 1849, after the Legislature had been nominally in session over six weeks with- out progress in its business, Mr. Greiner fur- nished the following : THE OLD MILI.,-A GRIND. This noisy old Mill has been raising a muss ; ' Tis all out of gear, and kicks up such a fuss. » That hungry men, wailing with ".SaeUs" tlicv would till, .\las ! not a grist can they get from the Jlill. Grinding away, etc. This old mill is crowded with big men ond small- All after the hide of the Senator tall ; (a) .Judge Itead. like the reed that was shook by the wind, Begs, tremblingly, " for God's sake," to give hiui a grind. Grinding away, etc. ■Iitdye Poller's Ih) in waiting, impatient, no doubt ; Around the old Mill he still "potters " about; While SoliiKni. P. Chase, with " Free Soil and free gammon," Stands baiting his hook and is lishing for Salmon." Grinding away, etc. And here is Judge Wood. .ludgc, how do you do '.' The "noise and confvision— " What'.' Sii48. Lorenzo L. Morehouse, 184(1-49. Daniel Knowles, 1847-49. Stephen Ilaughton, 1S4S. Robert A. Forsyth, 1850-52. Samuel Divine, 1849-.52. Russell C. Daniels, 1851-52. Peter C. Lewis, 1851-54. William F. Dewey, 1852-54. Alfred J. Eldridge, 1854. Joel W. Kelsev, 1855-58. Daniel F. Cook, 1855-57, and 18G3-65. Sereno C. Brainard, 1856-58. Daniel Segur, 1857. Edward Bissell, 1858-60. William Taylor, 18.59-64, and 1866. Galen Norton, 1860-62. Samuel A. Raymond, 1861-63. Paul Jones, 1864-67. George W. Reynolds, 1865-67. Edwin Gordinier, 1867-73. Jesse S. Norton, 1869-78. Thomas S. Merrell, 1869-71. E. W. Lenderson, 1870. Lucas Raab, 1874-76. Patrick Dowling, 187.5-77. Henry C. Ely, 1877-82. James Coyle, 1878-80, and 188.5-87. J. E. Wilcox, 1879-81. Justin McDonald, 1881-83. Ignatius Wernert, 1882-84. John Ryan, 1884-87. John Bladen, 1885. L. C. Gibbs, 1886-87. SHERIFFS. Munson H. Daniels, 1835. Cornelius G. Shaw, 1837-41. Elisha Frost, 1841-45. Luther Dodge, 1845-47. Elisha Mack, 1S47-51. Elijah Dodd, 1851-55. Stephen J. Springer, 1855-57. Henry D. King.sburv, 1857-1861. Nathan M. Landis, 1861-65. H. D. Kingsburv, 1865-69. Patrick H. Dowling. 1869-73. Albert Moore, 1873-77, and 1879-81. Samuel S. Linton, 1877-79. John S. Harbeck, Jr., 1881-85. Benjamin F. AVade, 1885-87. Samuel M. Young, 1835-38. Levi S. Lownsbury, 1838-42. Urial Spencer, 1843-45. William F. Dewey, 184.5-.52. Andrew Young, i853-.55. Cyrus D. Hanks, 1857-59. Charles R. Dennett, 1859. Alexander Reed, 1859-63. James L. Smith, 1863-69. Elijah W. Lenderson, 1869-74. Gustave Wittstein, 1874-76. John Paul Jones, 1876-81. Walter Pickens, 1881-84. Charles A. C. Vordtriede, 1884-87. TREASURERS. Eli Hubbard, 1835. Sanford L. Collins, 1836-39. John U. Pease, 1839-44. F. E. Kirtland, 1844-48. Lyman Pareher, 1.S48-52. John E. Hunt, 1852-54. Cyrus H. Coy, 1854-56. Benjamin Joy, 18.56-.58. Samuel Blanehard, 185,S-60. Valentine Braun, 1860-64. Ern.st Greinei, 1864-68. Andrew Stephan, 1868-72. John S. Kountz, 1872-74. Robert Cummings, 1874-76. William Cummings, 1876-78. Elijah B. Hall, 1878-80. John W. TouUerton, 1880-82. Joel W. Kelsev, 1882-84. Foster R. Warren, 1884-86. Horace J. Potter, 1886-88. BECORDEKS. Frederick Wright, 1835. Junius Flagg, 1837-47. • Horace Thacher, 1847-53. Thomas Brophy, 1853-59. Jonathan Wvnn, 1859-65. Josiah W. White, 1865-74. ^ John S. Kountz, 1874-77. Isaac Head, 1877-80. William AV. Alcorn, 1880-83. Charles J. Kirschner, 1883-86. William V. McMaken, 1886-89. SURVEYORS. William Martin, 1835. Samuel Divine, 1836-38. Wm. Mitchell, 1838. Daniel L. Westcott, 1837-41. Wm. :Martin, 1841-46. Thomas Clark, 1847-51. Henrv J. Vaughn, 1851. AVilliam H. Harris, 1851-4, and 1856-59. L. W. Doane, 1855. E. W. Lenderson, 18.59-68. Jerome L. Stratton, 1871-77. Chas. W. Shoemaker, 1877-80. Samuel Bement, 1880-83. George Meissner, 1883-86. H. W. AVilhelm, 1886-89. CORONERS. D. Cole. 1837-38. D. Garlick, 1838-41. Eli Kitts, 1841-43. John Hamilton, 1843-45. Edwin Avery, 1845-47. Daniel Knowles, 1847-49. George D. Treat, 1849-51. John G. Kemme, 1851-53. Michael Schoenocker, 1853-55. Valentine Braun, lS.57-.59. Alfred Bostwick, 18.59-61. Symmes H. Bergen, 1861-6-5. j\Iarcns Schnetzler, 186.5-67. Jabez M. Cooke, 1867-73. George A. Collamore, 1873. C. Van Fleet, 1874. POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTIONS. ■m;7 Samuel S. Thorn, 1875. H. P. Chamberliu, 1S77. Frederick Hohlv, l.s.S{)-,s2, George A. Hollister, 1882-85. Wilson W. Cullison, 1885-87. LUCAS COUNTY OFFICERS, 18S7. I'rosecuting Attorney, James II. Soutluinl. Auilitor, C^iarles A. C. Wirdtriede. Keeorder, William V. Mc^laken. Clerk of Courts, R. C. (Jui.uKle. Probate Judge, J. W. ('iiuimin{;.s. Surveyor, II. W. Wilhelm. Sherifl; B. F. Wade. Deputy Sherifl's, John C. riiclau ami Miehael Walsh. Coroner, Dr. W. W. Cullison. Treasurer, Horaee J. Potter. Deputy Treasurer, Clayton R. Heath. County Commissioners, John Ryan, James Coyle, L. C. Gibbs. Stenographers, James H. Emery and Edward II. Smith. Court of Common Pleas, Judges R. C. Lemnion, L. H. Pike and D. II. Comniager. Inlirniarv Directors, George W. Reynolds, George JMack and Thomas O'Neill. THE COURT-HOUSE. As already stated, the first building used for a Court-House in Lucas County, was the School-House on Erie Street, between Monroe and Washington. Here Courts continued to be held for about a j'ear, when accommoda- tions were furnished in Daniels & Goettell's building, Northwest corner of Summit and Monroe Streets. In January, 1839, a proposi- tion by Eichard Mott, to lease to the County a building on the Northeast corner of Summit and Cherrj' Streets, for u.se as a Court-House, was accepted, and the same was so tised until the removal of the County-seat to Maumee, in 1840. In August, 1838, tiie proprietors of Oliver's Addition to Toledo having set apart grounds, to be known as " Court - House Square," on Broadway, and about 511 rods West of the site of the present Oliver House, steps were taken for the erection of County build- ings thereon. The proprietors of Toledo had agi-eed to contribute 820,000 for that purpose. The plan adopted for the Court-House, was that of the Ashtabula building. William P. Daniels was appointed Superintendent of the work, which had progressed so far as to provide the foundation for the Court-House, when, in view of the probability of the removal of the County-seat to Maumee, operations were sus- pended in Februarj-, 1889. In June, 1840, Maumee became tlie Seat of Justice of the C'ounty, through the decision of Commissioners selected bj' tiie Legislature to review and relocate the same. Temporary accommodations were furnished for the Courts and County offices at Maumee. June 17, 1840, the proposals of John E. Hunt, Horace Waite and Thomas Clark 2d, for the erection of County buildings at Maumee, were accepted. Octobers, 1841, the Gourt-Houso so furnished, was accepted by the County Commissioners, and an apjjrojjriation of $8,735 made toward tiio cost of the same. This building was in use until the removal of the County-seat back to Toledo under the vote in October, 1852. The Maumee building having been furnished largely through contributions made by residents of that Town, they, upon the removal of the County-seat to Toledo, asked for a return to them of the several sums thus paid. The County Commissioners, under legal advice, in- cluding that of the Attorney-Cieneral of Ohio, decided to comply with such i'e(|uest, to the extent of 89,205. That sum was paid in the amounts stated, to the following named pei-sons : To Dr. Oscar White, ilOO ; James Wolcotl, 1100; J. E. Hunt,S3,(K)0; George Richardson, 1100; J. H. Bronson, .1?10(); Wm. St. Clair, SlOO; John Hale, §5(1; James W.Converse, 150 ; Young ct Waite, S259.41 ; Thos Clark 2d, S552.58; Andrew Young, §100; A.H. Ewing's Estate, $2,000 ; D. F. Cook, S201 ; George B. Knaggs, $100 ; James H. Forsyth, $40 ; E. A. Forsyth, $500 ; Horatio Conant, $132 ; Horace Waite, $250; C. C. P. Hunt, $100 ; Isaac Hull, $250 ; Samuel Wagner, $25. Tiiis list is of in- terest, as showing who were the enterprising citizens, to whom Maumee was largely indel)ted for the County-seat for 12 years. 'Plu^ build- ing in question yet occupies a iirominent posi- tion in Maumee. A condition precedent to the removal of the County-seat to Toledo from Maumee in 1852, was made the provision by the former of cer- tain accommodations for a t!ourt-House and Jail. To secure fulfillment of such condition, a bond, in the sum of $20,000, was required. This was given jointly by the City and 28 citizens of the County, as follows ; H. D. Mason, Matt. Johnson, Wm. Baker, Ezra Bliss, J. H. Whitaker, T. H. Hough, S. Linsley, Thos. Watkins, jr., Geo. W. Scott, Hez. L. Hosmer, V. H. Ketcham, James Myers, C. A. King, Valentine Wall, John P. Freeman, L. T. Thayer, Simeon Fitch, jr., Daniel Segur, Daniel McBain, Sanford L. Collins. C. W.Hill, John U. Pease, James White, H. D. Warren, 1). O. Morton, Edson Allen, Ira. L. Clark. For temporary purposes, and contingent upon the removal of the County-seat to Toledo, by the vote in October, 1852, the City leased of Silas J. Duell, for two years, the building on Summit street, between Cherry and Walnut, known as " Duell Block," including a room then known as '-Duell Hall," and eight other rooms; the rent for all which to be $700 per annum. The County-seat ([uestion of 1852 over- shadowed even the Presidential campaign in Lucas County, involving an intense degree of bitterness between the competing points — Toledo and Maumee — and calling out a vote at those places, unprecedented. The intensity of 3fi8 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. feeling between the rival interests, is shown in the voles cast, especially at Toledo and Maii- mee, the competing points. Below is given the vote on that question in 1852 ; and also, the vote at the State election two years later (1854), to wit: Toledo— First Ward " Second Ward " Third Ward " l-'oiirtii Ward Port Lawrence Township. Maumee— First Ward '* Second Ward.. Tliird Ward. .. Waynesfield Townsliip... Oregon .. Blanliattau Wasliinglon Spriug"tield M'aterville _ Providence Swanlon Spencer... Monclova Eiclifleld Sylvania Totals.... Majorities. Banoval. res. No. Total 283 207 496 65() 21 I 1 '""3 136 93 153 12 2180 ?34 11 1 1 470 34 70 45 135 126 154 90 58 48 3 1452 283 273 507 557 22 477 35 70 48 270 95 155 138 162 90 68 55 138 3638 ]olc 1854. Dem. Rep. Total 47 44 88 205 22 75 21 14 5 8 22 38 36 68 22 7 6 24 18 15 148 212 169 217 4 125 13 19 7 97 57 76 78 30 25 46 45 GO 98 1599 804 195 256 267 422 26 200 34 33 12 115 79 115 112 126 52 32 62 69 78 113 2394 The effect of a County-seat question in swell- ing a popular vote, is seen in the fact, that the vote in 1852 (3,638) was greater by 1,244, or more than 50 per cent., than was that at the exciting election two years later (1854), when it was but 2,394. In accordance with the conditions under which the vote on removal was taken, and the County-seat returned to Toledo, a Court-House was erected on Adams street, being the struc- ture now (1887) in use, which has been ex- tended by several different additions. The matter of construction of a new Court- House has repeatedly been discussed, and in 1886, authority was obtained from the Legisla- ture, under which the County Commissioners were expected to expend 1500,000 for such pur- Ijose. So vigorous was the opposition to such action, however, that, through judicial inter- position it was prevented, after plans for the proposed building had been prepared under direction of the Commissioners. THE COUNTY JAIL. At a meeting of the County Commissioners held June 4, 1837, the dwelling hou.se of the Sheriff (C. G. Shaw) was declared to be the Jail of Lucas County, for the confinement of prisoners under the law. At the same time it was resolved to invite proposals for building in Toledo a Jail, 20x30 teet in size; one story high ; with an entry or hall six feet wide, and three cells, each 10x14 feet. Also, to receive propo.sals for a Jail as proposed by the Toledo Council, toward which that City was to pay $300. January 6, 1838, the proposals of Albert Swift, to build a jail on the plan proposed, were accepted. The timber was to be 12 inches square ; the whole to be planked around on the outside with plank two inches thick, the build- ing to be complete except the locks. It was to be owned jointly by the County and the City of Toledo, the latter pajing one-half the cost. C. G. Shaw was appointed to superin- tend the work. This building (the walls wholly of logs) was built between Summit and Superior Streets, below and near to Cherry Street. It was used as a Jail, until the re- moval of the County-seat to Maumee, in 1840. In 1855 it was purchased by Scott & Co. (S. B. Scott and Richard Mott) for the sum of $2.50, taken down and reconstructed for use as an office, on Water sti'eet, in connection with their Forwarding and Commission business. At the same time, they gave it a new roof, stuccoed its walls, and otherwise improved it. In 1860, H. B. Hall & Co., upon removing their Saw- Mill to that locality, from the East side of the Eiver, adopted the old Jail for an office ; and since that time, by David Smith and William H. H. Smith & Co., it has been in like use. The building which constituted the first resi- dence of the Sheriff of Lucas County (Munson H. Daniels), j^et stands on the North side of Ostrich Lane (located between St. Clair and Superior Streets), the building being about midway between Cherry and Orange Streets. It is a low, one-story frame structure, about 12x24 feet in size; and stands about as it did 50 years ago, with much of the window-glass and other parts originally furnished. The Grand Jurj' for the July term of Lucas Common Pleas, 1852, consisted of Freeborn Potter, Louis Lambert, E. Williams, Hiram Hubbard, John P. Lewis, John Vanfleet, Samuel Wagner, Stephen Porter, Geo. Emyel, Chauu- cey^Merrills, Ezra Holt, Wm. Pierce, J. Wynn, J. G. Klinck, A. Spaulding. This Juiy made a report on the County Jail (then at Maumee), which they found in good condition, with ex- ceptions named. During the previous year much jjains had been taken for putting the prison in condition " to secure it from the at- tacks of exasperated and determinated pris- oners, who, in theii' efforts to escape, had un- hinged the lower cell-doors and were using them as battering-rams to effect an egress," when discovered and stoi)])ed, which doors had not been replaced. Among the prisoners then. in Jail was a boy about 10 years of age, and several others of like age had previouslj^ been confined there. Such association of chil- dren among hardened criminals, was properly protested against by the Jurj', who recom- mended the provision of a House of Refuge for offending minors. Several aged men were found in Jail, on the charge of abusing their wives while drunk. "It is our opinion," state the Jury, " that the present laws do not meet suiHciently the exigency in I'elation to the POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTIONS. 3,.g liquor traffic— that liquor i.s llio cause of at On tlio r,>tiii-n «f fK„ ^ c • ,• CHAPTEK VI. TOLEDO 8 STAKT AND TEOGKESS. UNDER the treaty of Greenville, concluded August 3, 1795, l(i reservations of lands were made to the United States from the vast domain up to that time held by the Indians, and then confirmed to them. Of these reserva- tions, was one of 12 miles .square "at the British Fort on the Miami of the Lake at the Foot of the Eapids." The tract included the mouth of Swan Creek, and a portion of the present site of Toledo. Under an act of Con- gress, these lands were surveyed and sold at public auction in February, 1817, the sale taking place at Wooster, Ohio. Two compa- nies of capitalists were organized for the j)ur- pose of buying lands at that sale. One of them — known as the " Baum Company " — was com- posed of Martin Baum, Jesse Hunt, Jacob Burnet, Wm. C. Schenck, Win. Barr, Wm. Oliver and Andrew Mack ; and the other, the "Piatt Company," consisted of John H. Piatt, Eobert Piatt, Wm. M. Worthington and Gor- ham A. JSforth. Both of these associations were represented at the Wooster sale — the former by Wm. Oliver and Wm. C. Schenck, and the latter by Robert Piatt. It was there found that both Companies were seeking to purchase the lands about the mouth of Swan Creek. In order to avoid competition in bid- ding, the two interests agreed to purchase in common tracts 1, 2, 3 and 4, in the United States Reserve at the foot of the Rapids of the Miami; and also Nos. 86 and 87, on the oppo- site side of the River, opposite the mouth of Swan Creek ; each Company to have one-half interest in the same, paying equally therefor. Nos. 86 and 87 were bid off bj' Oliver, and the certificate was issued in his name; the other tracts going to Piatt and his associates. The purchase amounted to 974 acres — 200 at $75.50 per acre; 201 at S20.75; 154 at $5.25; 181 at $2.75; 143 at $2.35; and 93, at $2.13; the average being $48.12^ per acre. By the terms of the sale, a credit of 40 days was given on the . first ijayment of 25 per cent.; the balance being f)ayable in three equal annual amounts. Piatt also, for his Company, purchased the North- west and Southwest Sections of Township 3; and the Nortliwest, Southwest and Southeast quarters of Section 3, same Township. Return- ing to Cincinnati, the Companies were united under the name of the Port Lawrence Com- pany, which at once took steps for laying out a Town, to be called Port Lawrence, and ap- [3' pointed Baum as agent for that purpose, for the sale of lots, and for the general management of the property. August 14, 1817, Baum appointed Oliver as his Attornej', to attend to the sale of lots, who, with Schenck, was authorized to lay out the Town. In Baum's letter of instruction to Oliver (August 14, 1817), he said, among other things : In running the Streets and the division of lots, it is not the wish of the proprietors that interest or convenience should be sacrificed to form ; that the growth of the place should be retarded by a useless adherence to anj' particular figure, or to any fanciful uniformity of squares. The number of lots was to be from 300 to 500 ; and with the exception of water lots and fractionals, about 60x12(1 feet in size. " The principal or central Street should be at least 160 feet wide; others from 80 to 100; and Alleys 12 to 15 feet. Let there be three lots, each 120 feet square, set off for public uses, Churches, Schools, &c ; and one, 240 feet square, for Court-House and Jail. There should be one or two suitable lots out of the Town for burying grounds." The plat laid out, a public sale of the lots was to be provided for, " which, if practicable, should correspond with the time of holding the treaty with the Indians," to be held at Fort Meigs, the month following. The agents pro- ceeded to lay out the Town, when a sale was advertised, to take place September 20, 1817, on these terms : One-fourth down ; the balance in three equal an- nual installments, with interest from date of pur- chase, if not promptly paid ; and if the whole amount of purchase money be not paid when the last installment becomes due, the lots purcha.sed to revert to the proprietors of Port Lawrence. The undersigned reserve the right to one bid on each lot offered. Signed, W. C. .Schenck, Wm. Oliver. Agents, and dated Miami Rapids, September 20,1.^17. At that sale 79 lots were sold, of which two (Nos. 223 and 224) were purchased bj- Oliver, on which, in connection with Baum, he subse- quently erected a warehouse and made other improvements. The house was of logs, and was located near the mouth and on the North side of Swan Creek. The cash proceeds of the sales then made amounted to $855.33. Among the purchasers were Samuel H. Ewing, Aurora ^0] I TOLEDO IN ISOO. TOLEDO IN 1846. TOLEDO'S START AND PROGRESS. 371 Spaflford, Senocji Allen, John K. Hunt, Robert A. Fors3'th, Ahnon Ueed and Truman Reed, of " Maumee Eapids ; " B. P. Stickney, of Fort Wayne, Ind.; Ilcnr^'I. Hunt and Mary L. Hunt, of Detroit ; Moses Wilson, of Huron County, Ohio; and Austin E. Wing, of Monroe, i[ieh. In a letter written in 1870 to David K. Merrill, Toledo, Benjamin Eatlihun,thon proprietor of the Broadway Hotel, Now York, but formerly tiie most prominent business man of Buffalo, made reference to his knowledge of Toledo real estate. He said : I was once where Toledo now is. It was in tlic Spring of 1817, while a portion of it was being sur- veyed for Village lots. I then took up the tir.st lot ever solil in Toledo as a Village lot. The title of the Company failing for non-payment of their purchase, of course, I lost my lot. I have never been at Toledo since I left in August, 1S18. At that time there was not a dwelling house there. A man by the name of Henderson huilt a log and stone house on the hank and partly over the water, just below the mouth of what was then known as Swan Creek ; and there was a French cabin on the " flats," near Swan Creek, for the Indians to get rum in. These were all the buildings Toledo could boast of in 1818. My own family (consisting of Mrs. Rathbun and one son), and Major Keeler's family, occupied Henderson's log and stone warehouse while we were there. From this it would apj^ear that Mr. Rath- bun made Port Lawrence his home from the Spring of 1817, until August, 1818. Most of the purchasers of lots alterwards compromised their claims against the proprietors. Mr. Wing, as elsewhere shown, took a lot in the second Port Lawrence (1833). When the second payment became due to the Government in 1818, the Port Lawrence Com- pany defaulted, and thus practically surren- dered the entire property, with improvements made. In 1821, the Government meantime having reduced the price of its lands from §2.00 on time payments, to SI. 25 cash down, the Port Lawrence Company, unable or indis- posed to fia}' a balance of some $20,000 for tracts 1 and 2, asked Congress to take the same back, and apply the payments already made to the full jiayment of the other tracts j)ur- chased by them and the Baum and Piatt Com- panies, respectively. With this view, the several interests in all the lands then purchased were assigned to Baum, who appointed Wil- liams as his agent. September 27, 1821,author- itj' therefor having been granted by Congress, Williams relinquished tracts 1 and 2, on which S4,817.55 had been paid. Of this sum 81,372.34 was applied as full payment for tracts 3, 4, 80 and 87, leaving $3,445.21. Of this, one-half belonged to the Piatt Company, and $1,248 having been a]iplied to relieve its live quarter- sections, the Piatt Company still had a balance of $474.60 as its due, but which was applied to the payment of lands of the Baum Companj-. In August, 1823, Oliver made out a claim against the Port Lawrence Company, amount. ing to $1,835.47, for money paid lo former i)ur- ehasers ($213.02), and services as Agent, which Baum approved, and as security, gave Oliver a nu)rtgage on tracts 3, 4, 8(! and H7, payable January 1, 1824. In October, 1825, Oliver proceeded in a Michigan Court to sell the ])roperty under this mortgage, and the same was sold, by order of Coui-t, September 1, 1S28, to Oliver, for $618. 5(i. Meantime, three of the five ([uartcr-sections belonging to the Piatt Comj)any bad been sold by order of Court, at Oliver's instance, Charles Noble being the ])ur- chaser, at $241. liO, who soon tbei-eafter con- veyed the property to Oliver. Thus Oliver came into possession of tracts 3, 4, 8(! and 87, and three quarter-sectionsof the lands. In Decem- ber, 1828, Baum, without consultation with hi.s associates, transferred to Oliver the Govern- ment certificates of tracts 3, 4, 80 and 87. May 20, 1820, Congress authorized the selection of a certain amount of lands for the benefit of the Univei'sity of Michigan, when Sections 1 and 2, relinquished by the Port Lawrence Company', were selected. Whereupon, Oliver, acting as the Agent of that Com])anj', proposed that said tracts be exchanged by the University for a portion of the lands to which he had obtained title through Baum and the Michigan Court. Such arrangement having been made, Congi'ess authorized the exchange, when Oliver took the title to tracts 1 ami 2 in his own name. This done, Baum and Williams each obtained one- third interest in tracts 1,2,80 and 87; and upon Baum's death (1832), Oliver purchased his interest of the heirs ; and subsequentl}' sold portions of other tracts to Prentice and Tromley. Afterwards, Oliver purchased of the University the tracts conveyed in exchange for 1 and 2. PORT LAWRENCE RESURRECTED. These arrangements consummated, steps were taken toward the resurrection of the Town of Port Lawrence. A new plat was pre- pared, of which record was made in Monroe County, Michigan, as follows : The Territory of Michig.vn, \ o County OF Monroe. J Before me, the subscriber, an acting Justice of the Peace in and for the County of Monroe, aforesaid, personally appeared Stephen B. Coni.stock, author- ized agent of \Vm. Oliver, of Cincinnati, Ohio, who in behalf of the. said Oliver, acknowledged the within to he a correct plat and de.-^crijit ion «'ortheast corner of Adams and Sum- mit). The}- were also authorized to ■' gnide the Eastern halfof Adams street, from the Kiver to St. Clair street, in front of the Hotel lots, so that the surface of Summit street at the inler- .section of Adams shall be 23 feet above the level of the River; and that they construct a pier in front of the Kast half of Adams and of the Hotel lots." W. P. Daniels, Richard Mott and S. B. Comstock were appointed a Committee to grade Summit street Irom the level of the Hay Scales in front of W. J. Dan- 374 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. iels & Co.'s store, so that at its intersection with Jefferson street it shall be 22 feet above the level of the Eiver, the street " from the Hay Scales to Jetferson to be horizontal," for which purpose subscriptions were to be obtained from individuals, the Port Lawrence proprietors to make good aiij- deficiency in the cost. The same Committee were authorized to " open and grade Monroe street at both ends, and to construct culvertsor sewers in the same." It was understood, in fixing elevations, that "the Ha}- Scales were 10 feet above the Eiver." The Hay Scales and Store referred to were located on the North side of Summit street, between Perry and Monroe, adjoining the In- diana House, which cornered with Perr}-. The contract for the grading was let to a man named Hall, an Irishman, who, with his em- ployes, constituted the vanguard of the large number of the same nationality afterwards so intimately identified with like improvements in Toledo. A meeting of the proprietors of Port Law- rence was held September 8-16, 1837; present, William Oliver, M. T. Williams, S. B. Corn- stock, Ashbel Dart, Richard Mott, Henry W. Hicks, I. S. Smith, W. F. P. Taylor, John Fitch, Ed. Bissoll. Cemetery grounds were set apart on the North side of Wisconsin Street, com- mencing 410 feet West from 23d Street, along Wisconsin to tiie West line of Port Lawrence tract No. 1 ; thence North to the Northwest corner of said tract ; thence East on said tract line to a point 410 feet West from the middle of 23d Street; and thence South to the place of beginning. A Bui'ying Ground was started on these premises and a few corpses interred there; but it was soon abandoned. Lots 484 and 484^ were given to the Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad Company, for " the purjjoses of a Car House, &c., &e., conditioned that the same be not used for any other than the legitimate busi- ness of said Company ; and that said Comj^any shall have the necessary fixtures and a track from the main track to said lots, through Depot Street, completed within 18 months." On these lots were constructed the Machine Shops and Engine House used by the Railroad for several years and until the removal of the headquarters of the Michigan Southern & Northern Indiana Railroad to Adrian. At this meeting appraise- ment was made of lots as designated on the map prepared by Robert Gower, in 1837. Some of the values, as thus fixed, were as (ollows: Lot 405, corner of Madison and Huron, S600 ; lot 489, corner Cherry and Superior, §800 ; lot 713, Washington and 14th Street, S410 ; lot 744, Southeast corner Cherry and Erie, §180; lot 450, Madison and Erie, §000; lots 114, 115, 116, Vine, between Water and Summit, §3,000 each. The total amount of appraisement of 440 lots in the plat, in September, 1837, was §257,590, being an average of §585 per lot. At this time a second division was made by lot, of the property of the Company. It was then re- solved '' that it is expedient to complete the Hotel building," and that the plan be so modi- fied as to bring the cost, in addition to materials on hand, within §10,000, work on the same to be commenced in the Spring of 1838. Provi- sion was then for the first time made for ira- ]iroving the cliannel of the River o]>posite the Town, and also for dredging the" bar at the mouth of Swan Creek, to secure a channel of the depth often feet. Benjamin S. Brown was appointed as agent of the proprietors A complete list of owners of lots in Port Lawrence Division, prepared in 1836, contained the names of the following persons, the same being classified, to distinguish those purchasing lots, from the original owners: Purchasers — John Baldwin, S. S. Humphrej-, Daniel McBain, Wm. P. Daniels, W. J. Daniels i^ Co., Charles Noble, Piatt Card, Philo Bennett, W. J. Daniels, George Bennett, Piatt i*i: Miller, Coleman I. Keeler, I). B. Mooney, G. W. Rhodes, A. E. Wing, A. Ritter, A. Noj-es, J. Brandet, A. Bour- denois, G. Simpson, Calvin Comstock, J. Rawles, P. Raymond, J. Clark, Mrs. General Vance (donation), Mrs. Harriet Daniels (dona- tion), T. & S. Darlington, W. Ritter and R. Foster. Proprietors— Wm. Oliver, M. T. Wil- liams, S. B. Comstock, I. S. Smith, J. B. Mac}^, Ed. Bissell, Raymond ctLj-nde, Andrew Palmer, H. D. Ma.son, Hicks & Co., Dart & Mott, James Myers, Charles Butler, J. R. Giddings, Lot Clark, and C. W. Lynde. In 1836, Robert Piatt filed his bill of com- l^laint in the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of Ohio, against Oliver and his associates, praying for an injunction, a receiver, &c., in order that liis legal rights to the prop- erty in question might be investigated and I'e- lief granted. In December, 1840, the District Court rendered a decision, which sustained Piatt's claim in behalf of the Piatt Company to an equal interest in the lands in question, and A. F. Perry, as Special Master Commissioner, was dii'ccted to examine and rejiort what were the several interests. Siibsequentl}-, E. D. Mans- field was appointed for a like purpose. The final decision of the Court was, that Oliver and Williams held the legal title of tracts 1 and 2, 86, 87 and 10 acres of tract 3, jointly for them- selves and the other members of the Port Ijaw- rence Companj', as tenants in common, in the following j^roportions — dividing the whole into 2,832 parts— to wit: Alex. H. Ewing, 989.6 parts; John Rowan, 49(i.6parts; Robert Piatt, 219.5 parts; John G. Worthington, 219.5 parts ; William Oliver 165.10 parts; M. T. Williams, 82.8 parts; the heirs of William M. Worthing- ton, 219.5 parts; and the heirs of John H. Piatt, 439 parts. In addition to this, Oliver and Williams were required to make over to the parties named the same relative interests in lots 109, 110, 111, 119, 120, 121, 162 and 163, in Toledo, and other jn-ojierly interests, including TOLEDO'S START AND PROGRESS. debts due, &e., belonging to the Port Lawrence Company under the decree. Divers other de- tails of the decree, not essential to an under- standing of the general purport antl eifect of the same, are here omitted. Appeal was taken by Oliver and AVilliains to the United States Su^jreme Court, where, at tiic January term, 1845, the decision of the District Court was af- tirmed, with costs. This litigation in no wise affected any rights by purchase of property from the Port Lawrence Company; b>it only the claims of the parties concerned in that Company. The suit was an important one, in- volving as it did the title to a large portion of the present Cit}- of Toledo. VISTULA. In 1832, becoming satisfied that the Port Lawrence enterprise would not soon be prose- cuted with energy, Major Stickney withdrew from that interest and turned his attention to- ward a new movement, on the River below the Port Lawrence jjlat. aiid on lands owned by him. In October, of that year, he made a contract with Samuel Allen, of Lockport, New York, under which improvements were to be made, Allen to have one-half the land in con- sideration of specified expenditures to be made by him. Allen failing in his agreements, in January, 183.3, Stickney made an arrangement with Otis Hathaway, also from Lockport, when a Town plat was laid out and named Vistula. About that time, Lewis Godard, of Detroit (ftithcr of Alonzo Godard), and formerly of Lockport, made a contract with Major Stick- ney for certain lots, he (Godard) to establish a store at the place. This he did, occupying for such purpose an old block-house built about 1817, by AVm. Wilson (afterward Judge), which had become unfit for use without material re- pairs, which were made by Philo Bennett, also from Lockport, who settled here, purchasing the tract on the East side of the Eiver, ailjoin- ing what became the Yondota plat and now within the Sixth Ward, Toledo. The store was in charge of Sanford L. Collins, who had been in Godard's employ at Detroit. These with other demonstrations of ])rogress on the part of Vistula, were recognized by the few residents as calling for suitable ex])ression of their a|)])reciation. Accordingly, a grand ball was ffiven in the old los: Warehouse of the original Port Lawrence Company at the mouth of Swan Creek, that building furnishing the best accommodations for the jjurpose in the vicinity. It was occupied as a residence by John Baldwin and family, the upper portion being the ball-room of the neighborhood, at- tracting, by its accommodations, participants from Maumee, Perr3-sburg, the Bay Settle- ment and Monroe. The contract of Stickney with Hathaway and Allen, did not secure much in the way of improvement, and Allen returned to Lockport, and not long thereafter came back with Edward Bissell, of that place, who entered into an arrangement with iMajor Stickney, similar to the one with Allen. Air. Bissell went enei-get- ically at work — clearing off the ])lat of timber and brush, ])utting in docking along the Uivt'r. from Lagrange to Elm street, which was con- structed on the ice of the stream, and awaited the weakening of the ice to settle to its place, which was done, but not as successfully as the projectors of the experiment had hoped. Mr. Bissell at once gave life to Vistula, b^- the expenditure of large sums of money for new buildings, for roads, and other improvemcTits necessary to the proper start of an ambitious Town. Settlei-s and purchasers of lots began to arrive, and the general jirospect to brighten. The sale of lots "began December 19, 183.3, when lot 958 was sold to Krie I^ong, for 875. But few sales were made in Vistula until April, 183-1, when these became more active, and continued so until the Fall of 1835, at which time the proprietors deemed it best to close up theaffaii-s of the Vistula Company and divide the remaining lots between them. For such purpose they met at Buffalo, October 2, 1835. There were present, B. F. Stickney, Edward Bissell, Isaac S. Smith, Iliram Pratt, W. F. P. Taylor, Robert Hicks and Henry W. Hicks. Full and satisfactory allotments were made to the several parlies, according to in- terest. It was then agreed, that as soon as the Town of Toledo should be incorporated, lot 3t)9, South side Huron, between Chei-ry and Walnut, and 789, South side Ontario between Lagrange and Elm, should be donated to the same for School purposes. They never were used for such purpose. Lot 580, North side Huron, between Chestnut and Elm, and ti(l5, North side Huron between Locust and AValnul, to be presented to the first two religious Socie- ties which should agree within a reasonable time to build houses of worship thereon, such houses to be of respectable dimensions and in such state of architecture as should meet the approbation of cither two of the ])ro])rietors, B. F. Stickney, Edward Bissell and I. S. Smith ; it being at the same time understood, that V>. F. Stickney, from his personal jiroperty, woulil give to the Town lot 435, North side Superior, between Magnolia and .Mulberry, for a I'uhlic School ; and lot 5(13, North side Huron, between Magnolia and Mulberr\-, for a Church. A meeting of proprietors of undivided in- terests in Vistula, was held in July and Se]i- tember, 1837, when was presented a recajjitu- lation of appraisement of such pro]ierty, amounting to §388,88(1, which was divided by lot— B. F. Stickney taking 3-24th8; Hicks, Taylor and Pratt, 7-24th8 ; and Ed. Bissell, 14-24ths. It was then decided to offer to the Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad Company " a strip of land under water, on the South side of Water street, 5(1 feet wide, extending on a line 376 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. piirallol with Water Street, from Lynn to Clierry Street, for the purpose of erecting thereon a Passenger Car-House," the same to be ei'ceted by January 1, 183i). Tlie foMowing list comiirises all lots sold by the Vistula ConVpany, previous to the allotment of the i)roperty among the original owners: Date. 1833. Dee. 19. 1834. Jan. I. " 21 .\pril 30 " 30 " 30 ■' ;M May 31 " 23 " 23 3 1 1 1 '■ 1 1 1 June 29 •■ 29 " 29 " 29 ■■ 29 " 29 29 29 29 ]() 29 19 14 19 19 19 21 23 23 23 19 July 15 ■• 16 '■ 16 " V, " 10 " 16 " 16 " 16 " 16 23 23 23 23 23 30 21 21 21 1 1 June 29 1H.35. June 25 Aug. Ajtril 2.> 958 Erie Long Purchaser. 131 9.59, 960 .'■i94, 107, 108 128, 129, 130,591,592, 113, 473, 474 344 .•)27, 5SS 414 517. 518 — - 335, 38T...- 621 407, 408, 405, 406 390, 475 338 and 10 ft 339 .... 413 352, 353, 379, ;80 64.5, 616 716 665 to 672- 596...- 595 717 ;!86, 385, 599, GOO, 477, 347, .522, 336, 476... 655. 656 961 962,724.- 718,719, 720- 366, 487, 488 37.1.376, .503,504 721,722,723 94 ,.-.. 345, 346, 479, 480. 519, 520, 523 342 624, .525 607,608 -- 341 3.51, 489, 490---- 102, 95. 96, 97. 98, 99, lOO. 101, 78, 79, 80, 81, 483. 905,917,654, 698, 768, 699, 851, 845, 836, 830, 298, 297,606,767 861, 601, 602 41, 42...- 58, 59.-- 61, 62 44, 45.--- 384 - 359. 1-4 (.51, 23 ft of 339 S.52 69, 70, 71, 60, 43, 657, 658, 659 340, 341 337 , 858- M9, 850.- 75, 76, 513, 514 377, .378 460 .309, 310.-- 348 92,93, 313 3-25 781 4914 ft. ()i\ Loeust, ceTiter 01 969, 970.. 49J/^ ft. on Locust, eu.st end lots 855, 8.56, and lot 779 491^ ft. Locu.st ofr oust end of 471 , 472. 49!a ft. Walnut, oH' east end 481, 482 E. side 969, 970 160, 161 and 49^^ ft. 647, W8 Daniel Washburn Lore & Alonzo Whitten, Luke Draper Elijah Porter , Isaac Comstoek — .. Robert Johnson Elias Stokes Stephen Hicks — .-. Joshua B. Davis Robert W. Dunn John B. Osburn Junius Flagg Samuel Eddy Dr. Jacob Clark Chester Hunt John Babcock- Joseph Welch.- James Worden Samuel Eddy - Hosea L. Maynard.- Robert J. Buchanan- Jonathan Maxson — John W. Fellows Gabriel Manning John E. Potter Samuel McDowell . Derick Knick.erbocker- Cornelius G. Shaw Walter H. Lathrop Benj. Franklin Charles S. HilL..- Joshua B. Davis B. S. Gleason C. P. Leonard William B. Tucker.... John O'Brien Richard Greenwood. . Hezekiah D. 51ason. John Almy - Granville Joues Warren Mills John Barse Lewis Vanderlip Joseph Woodhouse-- Moses P. Swett.. Samuel MeCloy. Frederick Pettis J. S. Idc and D.W. Joyce Daniel D. Sinclair Isaac M. Johnson Elias S. Root...- John P. Dormau Jeremiah Wilcox Harrow Gloss Ira Smith Daniel Sprigg -- O. P. Olmsted Arthur M Reed Daniel Davis John Otto. Thomas Corlett W. Clark Blodgett. Cornelius Hurl. John W. Crane.. Alva Oilman. Price $ 75 126 200 400 400 300 200 200 200 450 160 100 1,200 200 120 100 600 300 100 800 200 200 100 2,150 600 300 700 600 .500 700 .330 1,560 3.30 300 350 330 000 1,300 .500 825 825 825 825 300 1,390 100 4,395 990 495 100 400 1.375 550 100 1,370 liSO 600 200 100 ii;o 350 400 400 100 1,620 Date. 1835. June 25 ■• 25 " 25 " 25 " 25 " 25 " 25 " 25 " 25 " 25 " 25 " 25 •' 25 " 30 July 2 3 3 " 3 21 " 22 Aug. 4 " 10 20 Nov. 4 Aug. 3 Nov. 14 " 16 17 20 Lot. •' 20 " 24 " 34 Dec. 9 574 857 --.. 609, 610, 649, 650, 729, 7.30, 735, 736, and parts 647, 648 973... Parts lots 969, 970..- 971 972 713, 714,715, 717 953, 954 389 511, 512 887. 888 and parts 777,778 532 ---- 470 Parts 967. 968 Parts 471, 472 526, 737, 738, pts. 529, 530, 783, 784 478, 467, 468, 469 ..- 641, 1:42, pts. 511,512- 951, 9.52 771, 772, 733, 734 893, 894 927,968 - 977,978,979,980,981, 982, 983,984 Parts 617, 618 and 631, 632.. ---- Parts 881, 882 9.59, 960 739 -- 516 611, 612, 613,614,381, .3S2. 785, 786-- - 457, 458,459 491411. pts. 745, 746.. 99 ft. lots 745, 746, fronting Cherry... 99 ft. lots 615, 616, Cherry and Huron. 99 ft. of 743, 744, on Cherry 515, on Huron 653, on Erie 603,601, Huron. 510, Ii43, 740,741, 742. PuTCluiser. Aldrice Belknap J. Irvine Brown L. Jay Root Willerby Kemp John Fiiudenter-- Jacob Reuelspheher Sebastian Coberly Harlow Glass Christian Fnndenter Samuel Greely Charles Ford Charles Nicholas Chester Walbridge Columbus S. Marshall-. Geo. Powlesland Elijah Knight... Daniel Greenvault Leander Hill Frederick Wright ,\braham Ritter W. H Chapman Rowland Mosely.. George Bevans Henrys. Hosmer..- Samuel Donalds W. A. Post John Higly and Heman Walbridge .\nsel L. Johnson Mavor Brigham Josejih R. Williams George B Way C. B. McKnight and C. S. Marshall.-- - Wm. T. Bly and J. T. C. Carpenter Peter H. Shaw Vim. E. Morton A Co Merseno Fox S. Greely and J. Corbett. Trunian C. Everts -. Wing Russell 2(K1 200 3,100 I00<1 100 100 100 850 350 400 300 450 300 400 200 600 1,.550 1,900 1,(»0 350 800 200 100 800 7.50 400 300 400 500 4,400 2,200 400 700 800 500 400 1,000 2,600 The larger part of the above sales were with the condition, that purchasers should make im- provements on the property within specified periods, being chiefly dwelling-houses, of vari- ous sizes, from 16x20 feet upwards. Some contracts were to " build in the course of the Summer," some " to build within a year ;" some for "buildings;" some for " dwelling-houses;" some for " co'mfortable dwelling-houses;" some to " build within three months — brick." In some instances the amounts to be e.Kpended for buildings was stated, and these ranged from $100 to^^3,000. It appears that in the management of each of the rival Towns of Port Lawrence and Vis- tula, the pi'oprietors had been compelled to expend considerable sums of money for inci- dental objects lor common benefits. In the case of Port Lawrence the two leading objects seem to have been the provision of stage and mail connections with the outside world, ami the Oldening of roads to the surrounding coun- try. The former of these was mtide specially important, from the fact that the mail -stage route then lav direct from Maumee City to Tremainesville, ])assing something like a mile and a half to the North and West of Port Law- TOLEDO'S START AND PROGRESS. 377 rence, the route lying along what is now De- troit Avenue, and maUini; tliat Town tlej)cndent for stage and mail accommodations on its more fortunate rival on Ten-Mile Creek — a humilia- tion as well as a business subordination, not easy to bear. In order to relieve such em- barrassment, it was found to be necessary to subsidize the stage line, by compensatit)n for the extra travel involved in the desired diver- gence to Toledo from the line between Mau- mee ant! Tremainesville. Such arrangement existed in 1885, 1836 and 1837, and resulted in an indel)tedness l)y tlie proprietors of tlie Town to Willard J. Daniels & Co., through whom the l)lan was managed, in the sum of §1,943.38 — the entire expenditure for such purpose having been S'i,122.35. Among other items in the Port Lawrence expenditure were the following : In 1832. Expended on Indiana Road, $170. 1833. On survey of Indiana Road, $30 ; labor on same, $24. 1834. Account of Toledo Ga:etlf (published in Vis- tula), $8."). The Vistula account contained the following : 1833. Surveying Indiana Road, $00; engraved maps, $87. 1834. Staking channel in River, $33.7.5; Adrian Road, $.500. 183.5. Press and materials for Toledo Ga:iite (pur- chased in 183-1), |9.34. 90; rentof Ga:t1teo\\we, (imonths, $37.50; advances to sustain the Gazetie, $.509.25: for " taking statistical account of commerce and inhabi- tants," $52.13 ; "for clearing Town plat," $741.00; .\nn Allen, for Locust trees, f 10 ; for o4Sj rods turn- piking, $1,097. 1830. For paper for Gazelle, $109.50. 1837. Reese & Converse, on purchase of stages, &.Q., $678.17 ; Hopkins, Engineer of Sandusky and Toledo Railroad, for expenses of survey, |1,190 33. The joint expenditure of the two Towns for stages was 84,123.35. The total Sandusky and Toledo Railroad account was Sl,333.33, which was to be divided equally between the Port Lawrence and Vistula proprietors " when the Road should be commenced " — a condition which never was reached. Beyond preliminary surveys, nothing was done towai'd the con- struction of such Railroad. TOLEDO APPEARS. The rivalry of the two adjacent Towns, .soon convinced the proprietors of each that their in- terests and fortunes were toocloselj' identified, as against the competition of neighboring en- terprises, for their continued separate and an- tagonistic management; when an arrangement for corporate connection was made under the common name of Toledo.* *Mr. Andrew Palmer states, that at a conference held at the time of the consolidation of Port Law- rence and Vistula, the matter of the name for the united Towns was discu.ssed, when James Irvine Browne suggested Toledo, and it was adopted. Many other names had been proposed. LOCAL JEALOTJSIKS. Human nature, as developed in local jeal- ousies, was not wanting among the pioneers of the Maumeo Valley, any more than else- where. The s]iirit of idvairy attends the settle- ment and im]irovement of neighboi-ing Towns, no less than the progress of traile in the more advanced conditions of the .same. The record of Port Lawrence, for the first 10 years of its questionable existence (1817 to 1827), would hardly be considered one to provoke the special jealous}' of anj-body. In fact, during the most of that period, the attempt to establish a Town where Toledo now stands, was so uncertain of results, that the few persons interested in the venture, wt're more concerned in the ((uestion of life or death, than in any rivaliy with com- peting localities. And yet, there seems to have been, in the ej-es of at least one neighboring Town, enough in Port Laurence to justify some degree of watchfulness as to its competi- tion. Tbis fact was shown during the Winter of 1821-22, when the matters of the Post Poule and the location of the road between the Mau- mee River and Lower Sandusk}- (Fremont), as provided for by the Brownstown treaty, were under discu.ssion. The points in the two cases are shown in the following letter of Dr. Horatio Conant, to United States Senator Brown : FoKT Meuis, 9th February, 1S22. DeakSir: Feeling considerably interested in the measures proposed in Congress relative to this section of country, and not douljting your willingness to at- tend to any representation.s that might lie commu- nicated, I take the liberty of addressmg a few lines to you on those subjects. I understand it is in contemplation to so alter the route of the great Eastern mail to Detroit, that it shall not pass this place, but go by Port Lawrence, nine miles below, on the Maumee River. Also, to estab- lish a land office at the River Raisin, in .Michigan, for the sale of lands in this vicinity. Also, to remove the port of entry to Port Lawrence. And, also, I pre- sume, from a motion of Mr. Sibley, to open a road under the ijrovisions of the Brownstown treaty, iwl from Sandusky [now Fremont] to Fori Meii/s, accord- ing to the terms of said treaty, but from Sandusky to Port Laurence. I have been astonished at the fact that one dele- gate from Michigan shoidd be able to have the brain not only of a majority of Congress, but even of a con- siderable part of the Ohio Reiircscntalives; hut from the success attending his motions, I am obligeil to admit the fact as true. Port Lawrence has no claims to notice by Con- gress, much less to be honored by the iiropo.sed .sacri- fices. The River Raisin has no claim, in any shape, superior to Fort Meigs ; and in point of situation for a Land Office, or any other busines.s. far inferior. It is within little more than thirty miles of the land office at Detroit. Fort Meigs is not within one linn- dred miles of any olfice, except that at Detroit, and is seventy-five nnles from that. Respecting Port Lawrence, there is not, nor has there been for years, nor is then' likely to be, more than three English families, inclndiiigall within three miles of the place; and whatever imblic business is done there, must be done bvone man, whoisaircady •Indian Agent and Justice of the P eace for Michiga n.* * Reference is here made to Major B. F. Stickney. 378 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. The distance proposed to be saved by altering the route of the mail, ought not to come in competition with th» increased risk in crossing the Maumee River, which in that place is very wide, and open to the un- broken surges of Lake Erie. The same objection will lie with increased weight, against opening a military road to cross tlie River there. It might as well cross the mouth of the bay, or any other part of Lake Erie. If there was anv "business done at the place, or was likely to be, I should not so much object to the Cus- toms' Collector's office being removed there; but at present I should esteem it ridiculous to entertain the idea. I did not suppose it entirely necessary to make all the above statements to you, sir ; but it was difficult to say less, and say anything. You must pardon the apparent haste and carelessness with which this is written, as I have just returned from a week's absence and the mail is on the point of being closed. Yours, very respectfully, HoR.iTIO CONANT. Hon. Eth.^n A. Brown, Senator in Congress. The conditions indicated by the foregoing letter, so far from becoming less iu antagonism, only became more intensified in bitterness, as time advanced. Appreciating the natural ad- vantages of Toledo, when that point finally assumed definite position as a rival, its neigh- bors — Manhattan on the one side, and Maumee and Perrjsburg on the other — seemed to make common cause against it, though to do so re- quired an abeyance of mutual jealousits by no means moderate in degree. Thus it was, that Manhattan largelj' sympathized with the "Foot of the Rapids," as the two Towns up the Eiver were called ; while tiie latter made Manhattan the object of their special attention. Perrys- burg and JIaumee Steamboat Captains never saw Toledo, in passing, except under the optical pressure of traffic. Evidently, the ex- perience of Port Lawrence and Vi.stula in fight- ing a common battle with the outside world, while inwardlj' consumed with the jealous}- of bitter rivalry, had much to do with enforcing the corporate union of 1833. That step did not come too soon, since without it, botli must have suffered indefinitely, if not disastrously, from obstacles presented by common rivals on the Eiver. An enthusiastic writer of the time, in May, 1836, set forth the unequaled natural advan- tages of the Maumee Valley, in terms like the following : " From Maine to Georgia, and from the Atlantic to Lake Erie, the eyes of the whole community have been turned towards the Maumee country." Describing the ajjproach to this wonderful region by the River, the writer saj^s : The first Town which meets the eye is Manhattan, now a thriving Village, with a population of several hundred, where, about six months ago, there was scarce!)- a house, if, indeed, there w-asone. Advanc- ing up the River, the next place is Toledo, of which, as it is an old place, it is unnecessary to speak. Still further on, and about 10 miles from the mouth of the River, lies the Military Reserve. This is a plat of ground extending up and down the River about a mile and a quarter, and lying on both sides. This was selected many years ago by the Engineers of the War Department and reserved for military purposes. It is a beautiful situation, with a broad, deep channel in its front, a bold shore and banks of moilerate ele- vation, and does credit to the sagacity of the officer w-ho selected it. On the North side, the banks form a beautiful crescent, almost as if made by hands of art. When the eye is beholding the beautiful .scen- ei-y which surrounoint. Hi-unersburg was then a candidate for the Countj'-seat of I)efiance County, and |)romised to become the j)rinei]ial commercial and manufacturing ])oint lietween Fort W;'vne and the Foot of the Ra])iils. In 1S39 I)avid Briiner and Henry Zeller, pro|irie- tors, had that ]>ortioii of lii-unersburg lying on the Fast side of the River vacated bj' the Court. Waterville was laid out in 1832 by John Pray, proprietor, and several lots sold to actual set- tlors. In 1833 it contained half a dozen inferior houses, one store, one. grist-mill, one saw-mill and one or two mechanics' shops. From that time it grew more or less rapidly, and in 1837 had three or four stores, with good stocks of goods and large trade. The Town had the ad- vantage of water jiower from the Maumee. ADDITIONS TO TOLEDO. As alread}' shown, Toledo originallj- con- sisted of the united plats of Port Lawrence and Vistula. The tceographical growth of the City, after the union of these, is shown by the follow- ing list of subsequent Additions, made at the dates given, to wit : Name of Addition. Dale of Recurd. Palmer's January, 1837. Scott's September, 1837. Mott's October, 1.S37. Vistula NovembiT, 1837. Oliver's November, 1.S37. Sherman Page's July, 1S44. Ewing's October, 1.S4-"). Stickney's June, 1848. Johnson's March, 18i)l. Stickney's (second) September, 18iil. Woodruff's April, 18.i2. Collins's October, 1852. Church's May, IS.iS. Vondota November, 1853. Ketcham's June, 1S53. Oak wood June, 1853. Whittlesev's December, 1853. Hall A Morris's June, 1854. Williams's October, 18.54. Prentice's November, 18.54. Oliver's (second) December, 1854. Segur's December, IS54. Sticknev's (third) January, 1855. Ilill's.,".... July, 18.55. Phillips's September, 1855. Hunt's . ._.Mav, 185t). Fitch's July. 18.56. Raymond's September, 1856. Shaw's Octiiber, 18.56. Segur's (second) March and April, 18.57. Segur's (third) June. 1857. H. B. Wellman's March, 1857. Jlason l'*: Baker's August, 1857. W. S. Williams's March, 18.58. Berrv's June, 1.H.59. Scott's (second) June, 18.59. Shaw's (second) June, 1860. Receiver's March, 1862. Daniels's June, 18()2. Car Factory November, 1862. Sprague's December, 1862. Germania April. lNi:i. Peck i^ Morris ..September, 18(>.3. 380 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Name of AddUion. Date of Record. Baker's September, 1SG3. Myer's _ January, IS64. Boodv's.-'--."!! July. 1864. Wheeler's July, 1864. Campbell's August, 1864. Orchard November, 1864. Hailroad v. November, 1864. Cornwall's May, 186.5. Grove May, lS6o. Monroe Street June, 1865. Stocking's July. 186.x Knower's August, I860. liaymer & Skidmore's September, I860. Weller's October, I860. Car Factory (second") November, 1865. Gardner's." December, 186-x Dunlap's January, 1866. Yondota (second) February, 1866. Fassett's February, 1866. Mott's (second) February, 1866. Maeben's February, 1866. Braun's March, 1866. Finch's November, 1866. Cornwall's (second) December, 1866. Allen's April. 1867. Shaw & Wells's April, 1867. Boody's (second) March, 1867. Knower's (second) May, 1867. Eowsey's May, 1867. Lenk's May, 1867. Danzev's June, 1867. Yates's July, 1867. Raffensperger & Miller's August, 1867. Shaw & Frazer's September, 1867. Raymers October, 1867. Kraus's December, 1867. Hiett & Skidmore's January, 1868. Bissell's March,' 1868. Texas May, 186S. Hill's (second) May, 1868. Shaw's Monroe Street May, 1868. Barnet T. Scott's June, 1868. Baker's Julv, 1868. T. P. Brown's October, 1868. Poe's November, 1868. Hall's January, 1869. Barker's February, 1869. Daniels's April, 1869. Spaulding's May, 186!). Island June, 1869. W. C. Daniels's August, 1869. Eaffensperger's August, 1869. Huberich's September, 1869. Thayer's January, 1870. Swayne Place Septeniber, 1870. Woodward's November, 1870. Walbridge's April, 1871. Lagrange Street April, 1871. Nichols's May, 1871. Backus's Mav, 1871. Woodland luiie, 1871. St. John's June, 1871. Broadway June, 1871. Monroe-Street Suburban June, 1871. North Toledo September, 1871. Hannon's October, 1871. Gleason's November, 1871. Parkland November and December, 1871. Foulkes's December, 1871. Barker's December, 1871. Central February, 1872. Summit Level March, 1872. Lee & Brown's July, 1872. Gardner's (second) July, 1872. Coghlin's October, 1872. Scott's Air-Line Junction November, 1872. Name of AddUion. Dale of Record. EUenboro November, 1872. Spring Grove January, 1873. Millard's March,"l873. Howland's March, 1873. Humboldt March, 1873. Shepler's March, 1873. Creek Side April, 1873. Crim & Monett's Air-Line Junction. April, 1873. East and South April, 1873. Miller's April, 1873. Welles tt Winter's East Broadway-_April, 1873. Hiett's Air-Line Junction April, 1873. Dorr Street May, 1873. Swan Park June, 1873. Weber's June, 1873. Oakland June, 1873. Potter's June, 1873. D. S. Davis's June, 1873. Osborn Place Julv, 1873. Sinclair's July, 1873. Howland's (second) July, 1873. A. J. Brown's August, 1873. Case's August, 1873. Markscheffel's August, 1873. Bell's Dorr Street September, 187.3. Monroe Street Triangle Seiitember, 1873. Lane's September, 1873. Power & Isherwood's September, 1873. Auburndale October, 1873. Brand's October, 187.3. Whiting's October, 1873. Granger's November, 1873. Owens's December, 1873. Plymouth December, 1873. Starr Avenue December, 1873. East Side Febru.ary,_1874. Heston's March, 18i4. Parker* Eundell's March, 1874. Vandercook's April, 1874. Morris & Phillip's April, 1S74. Fifth Avenue April, 1874. May Flower May, 1874. Cottage Park Mav, 1874. North Place May, 1874. Franklin Avenue May, 1874. King's Mav, 1874. Lloyd's May, 1874. Douglass's May, 1874. Englewood June, 1874. Brown's Hoag Street June, 1874. Stickney Avenue June, 1874. Seaman & Reed's June, 1874. Toledo Heights June, 1874. Baker, McDonald & Dana August, 1874. Yeston's September, 1874. Kelley's November, 1874. Raffensperger, Kelley & Crim's November, 1874. Raffensperger i*c Thayer's November, 1874. Robinwood December, 1874. Sylvan Park September, 1874. Central Grove October, 1874. Lane's October, 1874. Tredwell Dale December, 1874. Auburndale Extension December, 1874. Cottage Grove Extension December, 1874. West Toledo December, 1874. Machen Place December, 1874. Cherry-Street Addition January, 1875. Scott wood January, 1875. Earl's .January, 1875. Page & Klemm's February, 1875. Pettee's Subdivision February, 1875. Fairview April, 1875. Elmwood April, 1875. Creek Side (second) May, 1875. River Side ^lay, 1875. TOLEDO'S .START .tyii I'ROdRESS. SSI Name of Addition. Date of Record. Gleiulale May, 1875. Sunnyside Juiie. 1875. Central Avenue Subdiyision June, 1875. Hayes's 1... June, 1875. Clifton Park June, 1875. Fassett's (third) June, 1875. Detroit Avenue June, 1875. Sloane, Ashley & Bassett's July, 1875. Jordan & Hayes's July, 1875. Ketcham's (second) August, 1875. Ashland August, 1875. B. T. Scott's (second) August, 1875. Foulkes's (second) August, 1875. Raymond's Suhdi vision September, 1875. Bare's Subdivision September, 1875. Home October, 1875. Nessle & Pratt's October, 1875. Wells & Bassett's (second) Yondota. October, 1875. Bean's Subdivision October, 1875. Central Grove (second) October, 1875. Morfoot's November, 1875. Wright & Stebbins's December, 1875. Gradolph's Subdivision Humboldt's Division, Fred. Gradolph et al., February 26, 1870. Subdivision Eobinwood Addition, F.J. Scott et al., February 28, 1,S76. Extension of Rovvsev's Addition, C. A. Rowsey, April 14, 187(>. Darst's Addition, Henry H. Darst, July 11, 1876. Longview Addition, George W. Benedict et al., April 29, 1876. Collingwood Cemetery, Phillips Farm, Washington Township, August 9, 1876. Everett Town plat. Brayton O. Everett, Aug. 22, 1876. Extension of Robinwood Addition, W. H. Buckman, A. E. Rood et al., September 28, 1876. E. R. Collins's Addition, December 12, 1876. Subdivision Lots 473, 609, 1007, Port Lawrence, Feb- ruary, 1877. Bissell Farm Addition, W. A. Collins, June, 1876. Norwood, Toledo, J. Edwin Conant et al., Aug. 1877. Raror's Addition, Anthou}- Earor, August, 1877. Piahl's Subdivision Berry's Addition, t'harles Prahl, April, 1878. Hausman and Mohr's Addition, John Hausnian, W. H. Mohr January, 1878. Subdivision Central Grove Addition, W. T. Bickner ctal., October, 1878. Mallett's Subdivision, Benj. Mallett et «/., Aug. 1879. Church's Addition. R. W. Church, replatted 1879. Johnson's Addition, C. M. Giddings, 185o. Central Addition, East Toledo, James haymer et al., December, 1880. Swayne Place, N. H. Swayne, March, 1881. Pilliod's Subdivision, Vistula, Francis Pilliod, Au- gust, 1881. Whitney's Extension of Clifton Park, H. P.Whitney etal., May, 1882. Knowles's Fourth Addition, John Knower, July, 1882. Robison and Larwell's Su!)divi,sion BisKeirs.\ddition, D. Robison, Jr. and J. C. Larwell, .July, 1882. Douglass and Stahl's Subdivision, George Douglass, G. C. Stahl, VV. H. Boyd, August, 1882. Alsace Addition, \. H. Keteham, August, 1882. Hicks Street Addition, Maria Calkins^ Sept., 1882. E. D. Moore's Addition, Sarah H. Hicks, Zorah C. Moore, Ed. D. Moore, November, 1882. Nicholas's Addition, Cora H. Nicholas, March, 1883. Ma7. B. F. Stickney to John Fassett, August, 1834. In June, 1837, Coleman I. Keeler, of Toledo, leased to Geo. E. Poraeroy, Walter G. Green, Josiah Hul- bert and Jeremiah C. Green, a farm at Palmyra, Lenawee County, Michigan. Thomas Carr to John Jay Newcomb, December, 1837. Richard Mott to Wm. R. Hoyt, April, 1838. Henry W. Hicks, of New York, granted Power of Attorney to Richard Mott, Jr., Xovember, 1837. Richard Lambert, deed to W. 11. Lewis, July, 1838. J. R. Giddings to Matthew Burchard and J. L. Van Gordon, May, 1838. Coleman L Keeler to Josiah Chambers. June, 1838. Edward Bissell to Benj. S. Brown, May, 1838. In November, 1837, Elisha Whittlesey, as agent for the proprietors, deeded to the County of Lucas, Court-House Square, in Oliver's Addition to Toledo, consisting of a block 400 bv -00 feet in size, bounded by Whittlesey, Court, Oliver and State Streets. The grant was made in consideration that County liuild- ings should be erected and maintained thereon. The deed was assented to by Edson Xewton, Edward Wade and John M. Clayton, co-owners of the property. Joseph Comstock to Ansel Comstock, May, 1838. Isaac W. and Roderick Comstock to Ansel Com- stock, October, 1838. Ira C. Smith to Ellis Parker, October, 1838. John Van Blarcum to Samuel Bentley, May, 1838. Elijah Porter to Austin A. Hill, September, 1837. Austin A. Hill to Leander Hill, November, 1838. Ann Leybourne to Anthony Leybourne, August, 1838. Edward Bis.sell to Peter H. Shaw, November, 1838. Lewis Benore to Wm. Wilkison and Wm. Taver- nor. Directors of School District No. 3, Port Law- rence. January, 1839 ; lease of site for School-Hou.se, then being erected, at |;20 per year " so long as they might please to use it for a School-House." Edward Bissell to Gabriel .Manning, January, ]83fi. Peter Cranker to Joseph Cranker, October, 18.38. Stickney A Bis.sell to Newton C. Wolcott, July, 1838. Jonah Bush to Geo. B. Bush, August, 1838. Treasurer ^Monroe County. Mich., to Alex, and D. Anderson and Johu W. Miller, lot 311, Port Law- rence, as delinquent for taxes in the amount of $1.0.5 for the year 1832 ; also to same parties, same date, 80 acres in Port Lawrence, for §1 .50 delinquent taxes, for 1833. Ansel Comstock to Barnard McMillan, May, 1839. John Fitch to Julius Velnagel July, 1839.' Same to Aldrich A. Belknap, July, 1839. Richard ^lott to Philander Raymond, September, 1837. Geo. Redding to Ira L. Clark, September, 1839. John Halpin to Timothy Tarsney, September, 1839. Clement H. Thompson to Benj. Jlallett, Jr., Novem- ber, 1839. Daniel Webster, of Boston, Mass., to Richard M. Blatchford and Samuel B. Ruggles, of New York, May, 1839, 5 acres in Section 25, City of Toledo ; $12,-560. Mr. Webster bought the same property in February, 1837, of Cornelius Jones and Matthew.son Eddy. Edward Bi-ssell to Junius Flagg, lots 405, 406 and 407, Vistula, July, 1840. Julius Velnagel to Cbailes Slcrtz and G. Leisaer, lease of Brewery on lot 981, Vistula, on Michigan Street, between Walnut and Cherry, at the rental of Sril, 1844. Myron H. Tilden to Benj. D. Tilden, October, 1844. Joel Crane to Abram Scott, November, 1S44. John P. Lewis to Peter Lewis, April, 1833. Coleman I. Keeler, Jr., to Timothy Tredwell, De- cember, 1834. Wm. Hoag to Russell Olds, February, 1835. S. -M. Young to Benj. Mallett, Jr., March, 1845. Edward H. Jettbrds to Sibbil E. Jetlords, June. 1845. Wm. Sheldon to .\nson Backus. September, 1845. Wm. Consaul to Wm. H. Consaul, Xovendaer, 1845. John Fitch to Wm. Kraus, January, 1846. Wm. Oliver to Thos. Ewing and Henry Stanbery, " Lancaster, Ohio, lot 482J Port Lawrence. Aaron D. Patchen, of Buifaio, N. Y.. to John T. Maher and Patrick Brogan, December, 1845. Thos. C. Allen to Joseph K. Secor, June, 1846. V. H. Ketcham to John Poag, December, 1845. In November, 1845, Oliver's Division was re-surveyed and re-platted by Daniel S. West- cott, County Surveyor, for Elisha Wliitllesey, 384 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. in trust for the proprietors, Wm. Oliver, C. H. Williams (Administrator of estate of M. T. Williams), Ora H. Knapp, Wm. E. Morris and Erastiis Cusbing. The changes in lots and streets, in some instances, were material. The Public Square for County buildings in the former plat was again reserved lor the same purpose, if wanted, Market Square in Oliver Street, 12t; feet wide, extended irom Williams to Cla3ton street. Lots 22(3 and 413 were re- served" for School Houses. The plat extended from the Point (now Bridge Street) to the Wa- bash and Erie Canal, and from Swan Creek to the Bayou, and contained 521 lots. Orlando Bushnell to Henry Wilcox, August, 1846. John B. Vallee to Rev. Amedeus Riippe, Septem- ber, 1847, for $300, lot 272, Port Lawrence Division of Toledo, on West side Huron street, near Washington. Henry C. Blodgett to Wm. C. Blodgett, October, 1846. WiJlard Trull to Salter Cleveland, April, 1847. Amedeus Bappe to Maxime Fauteaux, lot 272, Port Lawrence, September, 1847. Tlios. Card to H. G. Cozzens and Wm. H. Ray- mond, February, 1848. Warren Corning to Daniel Swift, June, 1847. Lot Clark to Lyman Wheeler, May, 1847. Daniel McBain to Matthias Boos, August, 1847. American Land Company to Ann Corlett, October, 1845. Abigail Cheney to Thos. Southard, September, 1847. Chas. Butler to Morgan L. Collins, Franlv J. King and Matthew Brown, Jr., lease of lot !I91, Vistula Division (Southeast corner Cherry and Water), with the warehouse then in process of construction thereon, for 5 years from October, 1847, at §1,000 per year rental. C. B. Phillips to Joseph W. Brown, March, 1846. Joseph K. Secor to Thomas 0. Allen, March, 1846. Peter Kiunan to John Poag, January, 1847. Isaac Sears to James B. Sears, March, 1846. Jessup W. Scott to Geo. W. and Wm. H. Scott, September, 1846. R. C. Daniels to INlattbew Johnson, lot 205, Port Lawrence Division, October, 1846. James Myers to James Mott, Philadelphia, 359 acres in River Tract 6, United States Reserve, Novem- ber, 1845; price, $2,250. John Fitch to Chauncey C. Keysor, March, 1846. James Mvers to John C. H. Montgomery, Novem- ber, 1840. J. W. Knaggs to Augustine U. J. Machen audi Henry L. P. Machen (then of Cleveland), 100 acres in Section 6, now on Bancroft and Adams Streets, for $5,500, January, 1848. Lot C. Clark to Ann C. Mott, January, 1848. Sally C. Davidson to Stephen and John H. Whit- aker, April, 1848. A. E. Wing, S. S. Godfrey, H. Smith, and N. R. Haskell, Directors of the Bank of River Raisin, at Monroe, Mich., assigned certain property of tlie Bank in Toledo, to Chas. Noble, Isaac R. Christiancv and other depositors and creditors of that Bank, in June, 1847. Edward Haskell and Dudley G. Saltonstall to Henry Bennett, November, 1846. Warren Cornmg to Austin B. Waite, Februarv, 1846. ^' 184 Samuel I. Keeler to Salmon H. Keeler, Februarv. 47. •" Ezra B. Dodd to Roger W. Church, December, 1848. Lucien B. Gunn to Gabriel Crane, December, 1848. Fred. Prentice to Asa W. Maddocks, October, 1848. John Fitch to Jacob Van Orden. February, 1849. Richard Mott to Thomas Dunlap, Horace Saxton, and M. H. Tilden, Directors of School District No. — , Toledo, lot 581, Vistula Division (North side Huron, between Elm and Chestnut), for $2.50, April, 1S49. The Sheriff to Edward Bissell, Jr., May, 1S49, lots in Vistula Division, as follows; No. 1,125, for $10 ; No. 1,133, for $20; 585, for $1.37; 586, for $227; 711, for $60; 712, for $75; 299, for $169; and 300, for $170; these prices being two-thirds of the appraised value of the property. Charles Butler to Edward Bis.sell, Jr., lots 709, 710 and 1,135, Vistula, for $100 each, June, 1849. In January, 1845, John Knaggs, in consideration of $250, deeded to John Bapti.ste Purcell, Bishop of the Catholic Diocese of Ohio, 11.78 acres of land in Washingtou Townshiji, and on Ten-Mile or Ottawa Creek, for the use of the Catholic Church of Toledo. May, 1845, Henry W. Hicks deeded to Rev. Ame- deus "Rappe, for $2,000, lots 633 and 634, Vistula Division (corner of Cherry and Erie Streets), the grantee at that time being the Priest in charge of the Catholic Church in Toledo. December, 1845, James W. Knaggs sold to Rev. Amedeus Rappe, for $800, 42 acres of land in Wash- ington Township, on the road leading to Toledo via Cherry street, the same having been purchased for the use of the Catholic Church in Toledo. June, 1846, B. F. Sticknev and Edward Bissell, for $200, ileeded to Philip Hagenburg, t has. H. Schaal, and Fred. H. Clausing, Trustees of the German Lutheran Reformed Church of Toledo, lot 580, Vis- tula Division, Toledo (North side Huron Street, be- tween Elm and Chestnut). December, 1847, J. W. Scott deeded to Rev. Ame- deus Rappe, lot 1,431, Vistula Division (Southwest corner of Ontario and Beech Streets), for $100, the same being purchased for the use of the Catholic Church. August 23, 1847, James Knaggs, for $1,290, deeded to Loui.se De Gonzaga (Superior), and Mary Pauline, 21J acres of land on Adams Street, which was de- signed for the use of a Catholic institution under the supervision of the authorities of that Church at Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, but was never used for such purpose. OFFICERS OF TOLEDO CITY GOVERNMENT. As already stated, the City of Toledo was incorporated by the State Legislature at the session of 1836-37. The first election of officers took place in the Sjjring following. Below will be found as full a list of officers of the City, as could be prepared for use here : 1837. Mayor— John Berdan. City Clerk — George H. Rich. Members of the City Council : Northeast Ward — Junius Flagg, James S. Way, Elijah Porter. South- east Ward — Geo. B. Wav, S. B. Comstock, Samuel R. Bradley. City Officers— J. Baron Davis, Treasurer; D. 0. Morton, Attorney; Chas. McLean, Fire Engineer; A. . White; 2. A. Schurtz Ernst Kibbe ; 3. M. S. Walbridge, J. H. Whitaker; 4. V. Braun, M. M. Goulden ; .5. H. Brand, J. E. Hunt; 6. 0. A. Brown, I. K. Seaman. City Officers — Thomas Dunlap, Solicitor ; J. L. Stratton, Civil Engineer; P. H. (ialloway, Fire En- gineer; Pat. Murray, Street Commissioner and Har- bor Master. 1867. Mayor— Charles A. King. Clerk — George W. Merrill. Councilmen — Ward 1. Jesse S. Norton, Andrew Stephan ; 2. E. Kibbe, John Sinclair; 3. J. H. Whit- aker, J. M. Comstock; 4. J. G. Nolen, Wm. C. Huff- man; 5. H. Brand, Wm. Hall; 6. Wm. Sexton, Ar- nold IMcMahan. City Officers— Charles Kent, Solicitor ; J. L. Strat- ton, Civil Engineer; Elias Avery, Fire Engineer; John Naumann, Street Commissioner ; Pat. Murray, Harbor Master; S. F. Forbes. Health Officer; .James M.Ritchie, Police Judge; J. K. llanulton. Police Court Prosecutor ; Henry Breed, Captain of Police. 1868. Mayor — Charles A. King. Solicitor — Charles Kent. City Council— Ward 1. Andrew Stephan, Jesse S. Norton; 2. John Sinclair, Lutlier Whitney ; 3. James M. Comstock, Elijah B. Hall ; 4. .lames G. Nolen; Michael M. Goulden ; .">. Henry Brand, Frank P. Ish- erwood ; 6. Arnold McMalian, Joab Squire ; 7. John J. Penfield, Edward R. Finch ; 8. Orrin Morrison, Tim. W. Owens. City Clerk— George W. Merrill. City Civil Engineer — Calvin Crane. Street Commissioner— John Naumann. Superintendent InfirmaTy — Sewell Whittlesej-. Harbor ^Master — Calvin Herrick. Fire Engineer — Elias Averj*. Board of Improvements — C. A. King (Mayor), President; Andrew Shurtz, Warren Colburn, Still- man Brown, Calvin Crane, H. K. Stevens. Board of Health— The Alayor, President ; Dr. W. W. Jones, Dr. Valentine Braun, David Smith, J. E. Norcross, Matthew Shoemaker, James Raymer, John W. Bond. Board of Education— C. W. Hill (Presidentl, Jlat- thew Shoemaker, Alonzo Rogers, Reuben C. Lemmon, J. R. Osborn, Valentine Braun. 38.S HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. School Examiners-Guido Marx, Thomas Dunlap, Stephen H. Camp. x , n t7 Trustees of House of Refuge— John P. Freeman, V Braun, Georfie VV. Davis, C. A. King, J. R.Osborn, Joseph K. Marx, J. G. Nolen, John F. Witker, S. M. Young. John T. Maher. I'ohie Court— James M. Ritchie, Judge ; Frank ColHns. Prosecutor Board of Police— The Mayor (President), W m. H. Smitli II. S. Walbridgo. George Meissner, Pat. Mur- ray Horace I). Olds, Bailey H. Hitchcock, Edward Mal'one. H. K. Stevens, 'Secretary; W. P. Scott, Captain ; Patrick Horan, 1st Sergeant; Henry Streich- er, 2d Sergeant. „ ^, -r , Board of Eipudization— Lyman T. Thayer, John T. Maher, Fred. Witker, Theo. B. Casey, L. M. Skid- niorc. Augustus Brown. Sui)ervisors of Iliglnvav— Ricliard Bamford, Jacob Tanner. Ualpli Tarbox, Felix Connelly. Samuel F. Hersey, David Howe, Conrad Schilling, John Matti- more. 1869. Mayor — William Kraus. Clerk— Cteo. W. Merrill. Councilraen— Ward 1. A. Stephan, J. S. Norton; 2. John Sinclair, L. Whitney ; 3. Edmund Wells, E. B. Hall ; 4. John W. Toullerton, M. M. Goulden ; b. Oliver G. Miller, F. P. Isherwood ; 6. Alfred Wilkin, Joab Squire ; 7. Daniel A. Collins, E. R. French ; S. Michael Geelan, Tim. W. Owens. City Othcers— B. W. Rouse, Solicitor; Calvin Crane," Civil Engineer ; Chris. Woehler, Fire Engi- neer; John Naumann, Street Commissioner; J. W. Bond, Health Otlicer ; Calvin Herrick, Harbor Mas- ter ; Joseph W. Cummings, Police Judge ; Frank Collins, Pro.secutor Police Court ; W. P. Scott, c ap- tain Police. 1870. Mayor — William Kraus. Clerk— George W. Merrill. Councilmen— AVard 1. Wm. St. John, Andrew Stephan; 2. L. Whitney, John Sinclair; o. T. M. Cook, Ed. Wells; 4. J. G. Nolen, J. W. Toullerton ; r>. Daniel Segur, O. G. Miller; (i. D. A. Brown, A. Wil- kin ; 7. Henry Philipps, D. A. Collins; 8. T. W. Owens, M. Geelan. City Officers — Otho Klemm, Auditor; B.W. Rouse, Solicitor ; Calvin Crane, Civil Engineer ; Chris; Woehler, Fire Engineer; John Naunuann, Street Commissioner; David Kelly, Harbor Master ; J. W. Bond, Health Officer; J. W. Cummings, Police Judge ; J. P. Bronson, Clerk Police Court ; Frank Collins, Prosecutor Police Court; W. P. Scott, Chief of Police. 1871. Mayor — William W. Jones. Clerk — George W. Merrill. Councilmen — Wardl. Joseph K. Secor, Wm. St. John; 2. L. Whitney, John Sinclair; 3. Samuel M. Young, T. M. Cook ; 4. J. G. Nolen, Gnido Marx; b. August Pilliod, Daniel Segur; (i. D. A. Brown, Geo. Scheets; 7. D. A. Collins, Henry Philipps; 8. T. W. Owens, Pat. Rice. City Officers — Otho Klemm, Auditor ; Frank H. Hurd, Solicitor; Calvin Crane, Civil Engineer; Chris. Woehler, Fire Engineer; John Naumann, Street Commissioner; D. Kelly, Harbor Master; J. W. Cummings, Police Judge ; J. P. Bronson, Police Clerk ; Clayton W. Everett, Prosecutor Police Court ; J. A. Parker, Captain Police. 1872. Mayor — William W. Jones. Clerk— George W. Merrill. Councilmen — Ward 1. Wm. St. John, J. K. Secor; 2. John Sinclair, L. Whitney ; 3. T. M. Cook, S. M. Young; 4. J. W. Toullerton, Guido Marx; b. Daniel Segur, A. Pilliod ; (i. J. McDermot Roe, Geo. Scheets ; 7. Jerome L. Stratton, D.A.Collins; 8. M. Geelan, Pat. Rice (resigned). W. H. Dyer (for vacancy). City Officers— Otto Klemni, Auditor; F. H. Hurd, Solicitor; Calyin Crane, Civil Engineer (resigned), Horace C. Thatcher (for vacancy; ; Chris. Woehler, Fire Engineer ; E. B. Hall, Street Commissioner ; Calvin Herrick, Harbor Master; J. W. Bond, Health Otlicer; .1. W. Cummings, Police Judge; J. P. Bron- son. Police Clerk; C. W. Everett, Prosecutor Police Court ; Josiah C. Purdy, Captain of Police. 1873. Mayor— William W. Jones. Clerk— George W. IMerrill. Councilmen— Ward 1. John E. Bailey, Wm. St. John ; 2. George Stetter, Luther Whitney ; 3. R. H. Bell, T. M. Cook ; 4. Geo. Meissner, J. W. toullerton ; 5. R. J. Gil)bons, Daniel Segur; 6. I. K. Seaman, Geo. Scheets ; 7. Joseph Kininger, D. A. Collins ; 8. W. H. Dyer, Michael Geelan. 1874. ■ Mayor— William W. Jones. Clerk- George W. Merrill. By act of the Legislature, pas.sed in March, 1874, the City Council ^ya8 constituted of t^y(l branches- a Board of Aldermen and a Board of Councilmen — the former consisting of one, and the latter of two members from eacii Ward. The tirst election under this arrangement took place in April, with the following results : Aldermen — Ward 1. Fred. B. Dodge; 2. James H. Maples; 3. Francis J. King; 4. R. J. Wallace; .5. Daniel Segur; 0. Erie Hamilton ; 7. Jacob Romeis ; 8. Patrick Owens. Councilmen — Ward 1. B. B. Barney, J. E. Bailey; 2. George Stetter, J. F. Kumler ; 3. Charles B. Roff, R. H. Bell ; 4. Jerome B. Thomas, Geo. Meissner ; 5. Pat. (iarry, Jerome Anton ; 0. Fred. Jaeger, I. K. Seaman ; 7. Joseph Kininger, J. L. Stratton ; 8. H. T. Wells, Wm. H. Dyer. City Solicitor — Frank H. Hurd. Street Commissioner — Michael Geelan. City Auditor— Otho Klemm. , City Civil Engineer — H. C. Thatcher. Sidewalk Inspector— John R. Bond. Superintendent Infirmary— Harry Chase. Harbor Master— Calyin Herrick. Chief Fire Engineer — Chris. Woehler. First Asst. Engineer — John G. Paine. Second As.st. Engineer — Chas. P. Barnum. 187.1. Mayor— Guido Marx. Clerk— Geo. W. Merrill. Aldermen - Ward 1. F. B. Dodge ; 2. Horatio E. Bangs; 3. F.J. King; 4. R.J. Wallace; .3. Daniel Segur ; 6. Erie Hamilton ; 7. Jacob Romeis ; 8. Pat. Owens. Councilmen— Ward 1. J. E. Bailey, B. B. Barney ; 2. Geo. Stetter, J. F. Kumler; 3. W. T. Ridenour, C. B. Rolf ; 4. James Russell, J. B. Thomas ; 5. A. Pil- liod, Pat. Garry; 6. James W. Howe. Fred. Jaeger; 7. Jo.^eph Kininger, J. L. Stratton ; 8. M. M. Goulden, H. T. Wells. City Auditor— Otho Klemm. City Solicitor— J. Kent Hamilton. City Civil Engineer— H. C. Thatcher. TOLEDO'S START AND PROGRESS. 389 Fire Engineer — Chris. AVoeliler. Street Commissioner — E. B. Hall. Harbor Master — Calvin Herrick. Health Othcer— A. W. Fisher. Police Judge — Henry E. Howe. Police Court Clerk — John P. Bronson. Police Court Prosecutor— Nat. Harrington. Captain of Police — Josiah C. Punl\'. Board of Education— Charles W. liill (President), Calvin Cone, Daniel Y. Howell, Alfred Wilkin, James McGreavy, Wager Swayne, Ezra S. Dodd, Augustine Pilliod. Police Board — The ^Nlayor, 0. J. Hopkins, Theo. Klemm, John Paul Jones, Roger Sheehy, O. \\'. Jud- kins, Henry Hulce, W. J. Myers, Michael McGrrath. Secretary, X. Fisher; Captain, J. C. Purdy ; 1st Sergt., Henry Streiclier; 2d Sergt., John Sullivan; od Sergt., Dennis Shehan ; City Physician, Cyrus A. Kirkley. Trustees of AVater Works — John P. Freeman (President). Charles Schon, Edward Malone. Chief Engineer, Josiah D. Cook ; Clerk, E. W. Perrin. Park Commissioners— T. M. Cook, C. L. Young, 0. Schroeter. Trustees of Public Library — The Mayor, John Sinclair, E. H. Xorton, C. A. King, F. B. Shoemaker, Robert A. Wason, AV'm. H. Scott, Calvin Cone, E. S. Dodd. Work House Directors— Peter H. Birckhead, B. G. Sweet, J. W. Toullerton, A. E. Macomber, Conrad Huberich. Trustees of Cemetery— D. B. Smith, Charles B. Phillips, Frank J. Scott. Board of Ecjualization — George Tanner, J. McDer- mot Roe, Chas. L. Luce, John Sullivan, J. T. Maher, Fred. J. Cole. House of Refuge and Correction Trustees - J. T. Maher, James M. Waddick, A. G. Clark, M. D. Car- rington, Jacob Landman. Superintendent, A. T. Stebbins; Matron, Mrs. A. T. Stebbins. Board of Health-The Mayor, S. H. Bergen, Val- entine Braun, John W. Bond, Max Jungblut, J. T. Lawless, James Raymer. Health Officer, Dr. A. W. Fisher; Sanitary Policemen, Wm. T. Hall, John Uberle, L. Doty. ' Tiustees Toledo and Woodville Railroad --Horace S. Walbridge (President), Chas. A. King, Chas. F. Curtis, J. D. Cook, William Kraus. Constables — John Vangunten, Paul Kennedy, Jacob Ballieux, J. A. Parker. 1876. Mayor — Guido Marx. Clerk — George W. Merrill. City Solicitor — J. Kent Hamilton. Street Commissioner — Josejih Kininger. City Auditor— Otho Klemm. City Civil Engineer — H. C. Thatcher. Aldermen — Ward 1. Geo. Baker; 2. H. E. Bangs; 3. E. W. Lenderson ; 4. R. J. Wallace ; o. C. D. Wood- rufi'; 6. Erie Hamilton; 7. Jacob Romeis ; S.Pat. Owens. Councilmen— Ward 1. J. E. Bailey, James L. Chase; 2. George Stetter, J. F. Kumler; 3. W. T. Ridenour, Clayton R. Heath; 4. J. B. Thomas, James Russell; -5. August Pilliod, S. W. Freeman; (1. Michael McMahan, Robert McCulloch ; 7. Alanson A. An- drews, Jr., Wm. T. Walker; S. M. M. Goulden, Geo. L. Johnson. 1S77. Mayor — AVm. W. Jones. Clerk — George W. Merrill. Aldermen— Ward L John C. Davis; 2. N. A. Eg- gleston ; 3. R. H. Warriner ; 4. R. J. Wallace ; .3. E. A. Eversman; 6. W. A. Collins; 7. D. A. Collins; 8. Andrew Nesbitt. Councilmen— Ward 1. Wm. Beatty, Jacob Clark; 2. Henrv Spielbusch, H. A. Chamberlin ; 3. Albert Kirk, W. T. Ridenour; 4. E. S. Dodd, H. C. Tink- ham ; .5. George Fey, E. E. Stewart: (i. Orange H. Howland, Henry Tracy ; 7. Charles J. Kirscliner, W. T. Walker; 8. Humphrey Jones, George L. Johnson. City Solicitor — J. K. Hamilton. Street Commissioner — Michael ilcGrath. City Auditor— Elijah W. !-enderson. Civil Engineer — If. C. Thatcher. Superintendent Infirmary — Han-y Chase. Harbor Master — Calvin Herrick. Fire Engineer — Chris. Woehler. 1878. Mayor— Wm. W. Jones. Clerk — George W. Merrill. Aldermen— Ward 1. J. C. Davis; 2. X. A. F^ggle- ston ; 3. R. H. Warriner ; 4. R. J. Wallace ; 5. E. A. Eversman; 6. W.A.Collins; 7. D. A. ('ollins ; 8. Andrew Nesbitt. Councilmen — Ward 1. Jacoli Clark, Wm. Beatty; 2. H. A. Chamberlin, Henrv Spielbusch ; 3. W. T. Ridenour, Albert Kirk ; 4. E. S. Dodd, H. C. Tink- ham ; .5. E. E. Stewart (resigned), George Fey, G. Canniff (vacancv); 6. Henrv Tracy, O. H. Howland ; 7. W. T. Walker, C. J. Kirechner; ,S. Michael Mc- Grath, Humphrey Jones. 1879. Mayor— Jacob Romeis. Clerk -George W. Merrill. Aldermen— Ward 1. J.C.Davis; 2. Fred. Raitz ; 3. R. H. Warriner ; 4. Jeremiah Reilly ; .5. E. A. Evers- man ; 6. Joel Potter ; 7. D. A. Collins; S. Andrew Xesbitt. City Auditor— E. W. Lenderson. City Solicitor— H. A. Chamberlin. Civil Engineer — H. C. Thatcher. Fire Engineer — John G. Avery. Street Coinmi,ssioner — Michael McGrath. Health Otficer— G. A. Collamore. Police Judge— Henry L. Lorenz. Pro.secutor Police Court — James M. Bloomer. Captain of Police — William P. Scott. 1880. General Officers — Same as in 1879. ' Aldermen — Ward 1. J. C. Davis; 2. Fred. Raitz ; 3. John A. Waite ; 4. Jeremiah Reilly ; r,. Daniel O'Hara; 6. Joel Potter; 7. W. T. Walker; 8. Andrew Nesbitt. Councilmen— Ward 1. Wm. Beatty, W. W. Cooke; 2. H. Spielbusch, Milton Taylor ; 3. Alvin Peter, W. T. Ridenour; 4. Jacob Englehardt, George (jrogan; .5. Gilbert Cannifl', E. M. Beaumont ; 0. George W. Clay, John Danzev ; 7. James Dority, J. J. Volmeyer ; 8. M. M. Goulden, Thomas H. Wright. Clerk — Henry D. Standart. 1881. Mayor — Jacob Romeis. Clerk— H. D. Standart. Aldermen— Ward 1. J. C. Davis ; 2. Geo. Tanner; 3. John A. Waite ; 4. Carl Wenzel ; 5. Daniel O'Hara; G. Robert Barber ; 7. W. T. Walker ; 8. Geo. Worts. Councilmen— Ward 1. Wm. Beatty, W.W.Cooke; 2. Henry Spielbusch, S. C. Schenck ; 3. Alvin Peter, AV^ T. Ridenour ; 4. Jacob Englehardt, George E. Toullerton; 5. E. M. Beaumont, Charles H. Sawyer; f). George W. Clav, John Danzev ; 7. James Dority, Wm. H. Meyer ; "S. M. M. Goulden, Chris. Zerk. City Solicitor — Clarence Brown. Street Commissioner — Michael McGrath. 3il0 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. City Auditor— E. W. Luiiderson. Civil Engineer— George H. Bodette. Bv an act of the Ohio Legislature, jiassed (luring the session of 1880-81,^1 system of Met- ropolitan Police was provided for Toledo. The Commissioners constiUiting tiie Police Board, selected by the Governor, were Abner L. Backus, Guido Marx, John Cummings and George ililmine. This Board was given full powei-s for tiie management of the Police De- partment, and its administration was success- ful in giving the City a more efficient service. The plan, however, was not permitted to con- tinue long, and was soon succeeded by the present system, eonsistingof one Commissioner elected Irom each Ward of the City, who, with the Mayor, constitute the Police Board. 1882. JIavor— Jacob Romeis. Clerk— H. D. Standart. City Solicitor — Chirence Brown. Street Commissioner — Daniel J. O'Hara. City Auditor— E. W. Lenderson. Civil Engineer — George H. Bodette. Aldermen— Ward 1. H. P. Piatt; 2. George Tan- ner; 3. George W. Boos ; 4. Carl Wenzel ; 5. Jo.-^eph D. Ford; 6. Robert Barber ; 7. Wni. H. McLynian; 8. George Worts. (Jouncilmen— Ward 1. Wm. Beatty, W. W. Cooke ; 2. Henry Spielbusch, S. C. Schenck ; 3. Vincent Ham- ilton, Frank B. Losee ; 4. Emory L. Graves, Geo. E. Toullerton ; ."i. Otto A. Duden, Charles H. Sawyer; (i. Sanford W. Cooke, George W.Clay; 7. Wm. H. Minneker, Wm. J. Meyer; Thomas H. AV right, Chris. Zerk. 1883. Mayor — Jacob Romeis. City Solicitor — Erwin P. Raymond. Assistant Solicitor — Samuel Kulin. Street Commissioner —Daniel J. O'Hara. City Clerk— Patrick A. MacGahan. City Auditor — Albert G. Clark. Civil Engineer — John R. Miller. Superintendent luKrmary — Ezra Harnitt. Harbor Master— B. G. Sweet. Aldermen— Ward 1. Harvey P. Piatt; 2. Michael J. Cooney ; 3. George W. Boos ; 4. Wm. H. Keyser ; r-i. Joseph 1). Ford; (i. Willis E. Clark; 7. W. H. Mc- Lynuui ; 8. Peter 14. Degnan. Councilmen — Ward 1. Wm. Beatty, Benjauun F. Wade ; 2. A. Spielbusch, S. C. Schenck ; 3. Vincent Hamilton, F. B. Losee ; 4. E. L.Graves, Jacob Folger; •i. Otto A. Duden, Ernst A. Eversman ; 6. S. VV. Cooke, Frank P. Wilson; 7. AVni. P. Minneker, John Henry; 8. Thos. H. Wright, John Tollman. 1884. Mayor — Jacob Romeis. City Auditor— P. A. MacGahan. City Solicitor — Erwin P. Raymond. Civil Engineer— John R. Miller. Superintendent Infirmarj' — Ezra Harnitt. Aldermen — Ward 1. E. il. Kuhlman ; 2. M. J. Cooney ; 3. George W. Boos ; 4. W. H. Keyser ; 5. A. Broer ; 6. W. E. Clark ; 7. George E. Lorenz ; 8. P. H. Degnan. Councilmen— Ward 1. B. F. Wade, W. W. Cooke ; 2. S. C. Schenck, H. Spielbusch ; 3. F. B. Losee, V. Hamilton ; 4. Jacob Folger, E. L. Graves ; 5. E. A. Eversman, M. Walsh ; 6. F. P. Wilson, H. J. Potter ; 7. John Henry, George H. Ketcham ; 8. John Toll- man, Thomas H. Wright. 1885. Mayor — Samuel F. Forbes. Citv Auditor- -Albert G. Clark. City Clerk— P. A. .McGahan. City Solicitor — Guy W. Kinney. Assistant City Solicitor— W. H. A. Reed. Civil Engineer— John R. Miller. Superintendent Infirmary — Ezra Harnitt. Street Commissioner —John Bayer. Harbor Master — Thomas Higgins. Fire Engineer — John G. Avery. Mayor's Clerk — Charles F. Lewis. Aldermen— Ward 1. E. H. Kuhlman; 2. M. J. Cooney ; 3. George W. Boos; 4. John E. Schultz; o. Augu.st Broer; 6. Thomas R. Cook; 7. George E. Lorenz ; 8. P. H. Degnan. Councilmen— Ward 1. B. F. Wade, W. W. Cooke; 2. Thomas S. Merrell, Henry Spielbusch ; 3. Frank I. King, Vincent Hamilton ; 4. John J. Hackett, E. L. Graves; 5. Thomas VanAarle, Miehael Walsh; 8. Jas. H. Spain, H. J Potter; 7. Robert Raitz, George H. Ketcham ; 8. James W. Gould, Thos. H. Wright. 1886. Mayor— Samuel F. Forbes. Citv Auditor— William T. Walker. City Clerk— H. D. Standart (died). City Solicitor — Guy W. Kinney. Assistant City Solicitor — W. H. A. Reed. City Civil Engineer— Thomas R. Wickenden. Superintendent Infirmary — William Kirkby. Street Commissioner — John Bayer. Harlior Master— James McNelly. Acting Chief Fire Engineer— John Nagely. Mayor's Clerk— Charles T.Lewis. Aldermen^Ward 1. L. J. Seek ; 2. M. J. Coonev ; 3. David R. Locke ; 4. J. E. Schultz ; .5. J. A. Waring; 6. T. R. Cook ; 7. Geo. E. Lorenz ; 8. P. H. Degnan. Councilmen— Ward 1. B. F. Wade, W. W. Cooke ; 2. Thomas S. Merrell, Henry Spielbusch ; 3. Frank I. King, Frank E. Cole ; 4. John J. Hackett, Charles Hanner; .5. Thos. Van Aarle, G. F. HoH'man ; (i. Jas. H. Spain, Henry Birkenhauer ; 7. Robert Raitz, G. H. Ketcham ; 8. Jas. W. Gould, Henry Peiter. 1887. Mayor— J. K. Hamilton. Citv Auditor— W. T. Walker. City Clerk— G. II. Cole. City Solicitor — Guy W. Kinney. City Civil Engineer — Thomas R. AVickenden. Superintendent Infirmary— William Kirkby. Street Commissioner — John Bayer. Harbor Master — James .VlcNell)'. Aldermen— Ward 1. L. J. Seek ; 2. J. F. Carr ; 3. D. U. Locke; 4. J. E. Schultz; 5. J. A. Waring; 0. Thomas McGrath ; 7. James Melvin; 8. P. H. Degnan. Councilmen — Ward 1. J. C. Gribben, W. W. Cooke ; 2. J. M. Eley, Henry Spielbusch ; 3. Frank I. King, Frank E. Cole ; 4. John J. Hackett, Charles Hanner; 5. Thos. Van Aarle, G. F. Hoffman; 6. Joel Potter, Henry Birkenhauer; 8. Robert Raitz, G. H. Ketcham ; 8. John Cavanaugh, Henry Peiter. OHicers Elected bv the Common Council— W.T. Walker, City Auditor"; G. H. Cole, City Clerk ; Thos. R. Wickenden, City Civil Engineer; Wm. Kirkby, Superintendent of Infirmary ; James McNelly, Har- bor Master. Officers Nominated by the Mayor--John Nagely, Acting Chief Fire Engineer; Edward R. Edwards, TOLEDO'S START AND PMOGRESS. 391 Acting Asisistant Chief Fire Knginoev ; Geo. V. Kirby, Mayor's Clerk ; W. H. A. Read, Assistant City Soli- citor ; Chas. A. Durian, Assistant City Clerk; Robt. E. Walker, Assistant Auditor. Board of Education— Rynehold Opitz, Joab Sijiiire, H. D. Pierce, Charles Zirwas, Franklin Hubbard, Barton Smith, Thos. Temple, li. H. Broer. Police Court — P. A. McGahan, Judge; George W. Humphrey, Prosecuting Attorney ; John P. Bronson, Clerk. Members of Police Board— J. K. Hamilion, Mayor and e.c-officio member ; Thomas Coyle, Walter Pick- ens, Vincent J. Emmick, George Scheets. John J. Berney, Clerk. Officers of Police Force — Edward 0'Dv\ yer. Cap- tain of Police ; Thomas Marker, Lieutenant of Police ; Charles Robinson, First Sergeant ; William P. Scott, Second Sergeant; John M. O'Sullivan, Third Ser- geant; Louis Trotter, Fourth Sergeant ; P. Conmay, Fifth Sergeant ; H. P. Blake, Sixth Sergeant ; Chas. L. Van Pelt, Health Officer. Trustees of the Water Works— Edward A. Wells, George W. Davis, Jacob Mandler, Daniel Segur, Secretary. Trustees of Public Library — Wm. H. Scott, Frank- lin Hubbard, Charles A. King, Emery D. Potter. Jr., Reuben C. Lemmon. Harvey Scribner, Erwin P. Raymond, Frank J. Hoag ; J. K. Hamilton, Mayor, member e.v-offkio. Wm. H. Scott, President ; C. A. King, Vice President ; C. A. Dresser, Secretary ; Mrs. Frances D. Jermain, Librarian. Workhouse Directors— C. P. Griffin. F. T. Lane, Clark Auchard, O. W. Irish, John Jacobi. Board of Park Commissioners —James Winans, O. Schroeter, C. L. Young. Board of Equalization— Ignatius C. Wernert, L. S. Baumgardner, George Fey, Joel W. Kelsey, W. L. Ahrendt, W. H. Whitaker. Trustees of Cemetery— F. J. Scott, Jacob Folger, William S. Daly. Board of Directors of the Toledo University — S. F. Forbes, Maurice A. Scott, Daniel C. Shaw, Daniel J. O'Hara, Wm. G. Hagenburg, Guido Marx, T. J. Brown, Henry Kahlo, F. J. Scott, W. H. Scott, M. J. Cooney, A. E. Macomber. Trustees Soldiers' Memorial Building— J. Kent Hamilton, Mayor and (ex officio) President ; L. F. Lyttle, Secretary; W. W. Jones, George Scheets, Robert Chmimings, AV. T. Walker, J. S. Kountz. Tax Commissioners — J. K. Hamilton, Mayor, (ex ofticio) President; W. T. Walker, City Auditor, (ca- officio) ; W. II. Scott, B. Mellink, L. Burdick. G. H. Cole, Clerk. Trustees of Sinking Fund — Geo. W. Davis, Presi- dent ; Geo. Emerson, James Blass, True W. Childs, Chas. H. Scribner. Geo. H. Beckwith, Clerk. The following shows the compensation al- lovced to the several City officers and employes named, during the year 1886, to wit: Per Annnm. Mayor $1,200 Police Judge 1,000 Prosecuting Attorney of Police Court 700 Clerk of Police Court 800 Street Commissioner 1,200 City Clerk 2,000 Assistant City Clerk 600 City Auditor 2,000 Assistant City Auditor 900 City Civil Engineer 1,800 Fire Engineer 1,200 Assistant Fire Engineer 500 City Solicitor : 2,000 Assistant City Solicitor 600 A.ssistaut Clerk of Police Court 000 Engineer at Police Station $600 Two Turnkeys at Police Station (each) 600 Janitor at Police Station 540 Janitor at City Offices 480 Per Month. Assistant City Civil Engineer (when employed),! 100 Harbor Master 50 Director of Infirmary 80 Same for horse keeping 20 Assistant Engineer at Police Station 35 One Battery man . 50 Captains of Fire Companies 25 Engineers of Steam Fire Engines 65 Drivers of Hose Carts 55 Drivers of Steam Fire Engines 55 Drivers Hook and Ladder Trucks 55 Full-pay Pipemen and Firemen 55 Hosemen, first year — 15 Hosemen. after first year 20 Hook and Ladder men, first year 15 Hook and Ladder men, after first year 20 Superintendent Fire Alarm Telegraph 55 Per Day, Rod men, when employed 1 $ 2 '25 PROCEEDINGS OF CITY COUNCIL. Something of the start of the Municijjal Government of Toledo will be shown by the following abstract of the proceedings of the City Council from its organization in 1837, until the year 1846. The first ordinance of special interest passed by the Council, was that of April 24, 1837, for the levj' of taxes on personal property, in which, among other things, it was provided, that anj- person failing to make full return of such property slionld be taxed three times the regular rates. May 22, 1837, a Committee was appointed "to enquire if there were any burying-grounds within the City." May 29, 1837, a Committee was selected to ascertain the expense of procuring two fire engines for the use of the City ; and that the Committee on Health "examine the various pools of standing water in ditferent sections of the City, and take measures for drying up or draining the same." July 17, 1837, provision was made for the fir.st liay-scales in Toledo — one for the "South- west Ward " (Port Lawrence), near the Toledo House (corner Summit and Perry streets) ; and another for "the Northeast Ward (Vistula), near the Mansion House, of Ezra B. Dodd" (now 385 Summit street). The fee for weighing hay was fixed at 25 cents per load. Eos well C. Cheney was appointed weigher tor tiie former, and E. B. Dodd for the latter scales. The first ordinance tor regulating Fei'ries across the Mauniee at Toledo, was passed July 17, 1837. It required a license for such pur- pose, the hours for ferrying lieing fixed from sunrise to sundown. The charges established were as follows : From April 1st to November 1st, 12i cents for each person ; for man and horse, 25 cents; for single vehicle, 37^ cents ; for tw^o-horse or two-ox wagon, 50 cents; for 392 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. oadi additional horso or ox, (1} cents ; for cacli head of horned cattle, GJ cents, and for each sheep or hoi;-, 3 cents The tirst expenditure hy the new City was for furniture, ]jaid tor in .September, 1837. It was furnished by Wm. R. Hoyt, then Cahiuet- niaker in Toledo, and now (1887) a resident of the City. It consisted of a table and chairs sutficieiit for the members, and amounted to 833.00. The tirst record books were bought of Sanford & Lott, of Cleveland, the bill being §28.00. At that time tiiere were no blank book manufacturers nearer to Toledo than Cleveland, and but one such there. October 0, 1837, an ordinance was passed prohibiting, under penalties, " ball, nine or ten-pin alleys ;" also " billiards, roulette, or any other table "or instrument or device used or to bo used for the purpose (if gaming or gambling." The tirst School Districts in the City wej-c established September 25, 1837, and were as ibllovvs : The tirst District, that portion of the City East of Locust Street; the second District, that portion between Locust and Adams; and the Third District, the portion West of Adams Street. The tirst bill for rent paid by the City of To- ledo, was that of Richard Mott, for the room which the Council occupied from May Ist to November 1st, 1837, the amount being ^25.00, At a subsequent period during the occupancy of the room, an agreement was made with Mr. Mott, that the Council should have the same for one year without charge, provided, that during the year no City taxes should be levied. This agreement was carried out, the City pay- ing no rent, and the Council levying no taxes for that year — a plan which could hardly bo adopted successfully at this time. January 29, 1838, the City was divided into three Wards, viz.; First Ward, all that portion lying East of Locust Street; the Second Ward, that portion between Locust and Madison Streets; and the Third Ward, that part South and West of Madison Street. February 14, 1838, the ]rdy for the several City officials was fixed, as follows : The Treas- urer, two per cent, upon all moneys received and paid out by him ; the Clerk, $100 for 10 months; Marshal, $40; Deputy Marshal, $20; Attorney, $40; Collector, five per cent, on col- lections. The first statement of the receipts and ex- penses of the City of Toledo will be of interest here. It was made February 24, 1838, covered 10^ mouths of time, and is as follows: 1S38. Feb. 19. By cash paid the Mayor for licenses by exhibitors $ 35 00 " " " By Cash from City Collector. l,8(i» 93 1837. Sept. 86, To paid W R. Hoyt, bill for furniture for Council-room $ 33 (lO " " *' Sanford & Lott, for stationery 2« (lU " " " Hoisington A Manning, for Engine House No. 1 08 00 18.S8. Feb. 13. Toledo Wade, printing char- ter 30 00 Peckham & Co , freight on engines -. s« 00 1838. Feb. 13. R Mott, Jr., rent of Council- room '* " 24. Hoisington A Manning, build- ing Knginc-house No. 2 " " " C. Conistock, services as Col- lector " " " Treasurer's fees " " " Balance in Treasury _ 25 00 13 00 ns 00 MT SO 1 .475 20 An examination made in March, 1838, showed tlie contents of the City treasuiy to consist of the following : Miehittan Bank Notes— Merchants Bank of .Tackson County, |1U(); Lenawee County Bank,?.')4 ; Cold Water Bank, $14; Farmers Bank of Genesee County. $2(1; .lackson County Bank, $39; Saginaw City Bank, $3 ; Farmers' Bank of Sandstone, $10.3 ; Lapeer Bank, $10; Bank of Mancliester, $4. The health of a country is not injured by Railways. 7. fJust is almost unknown on Railways. 8. ft horses are used on a Railwav, the expense of transjiorting 100 tons of mercliandise, adding 50 per cent, (the weight of the cars), a distance of 100 miles in four days, will be .l.'iO, charging the horse and driver at 75 cents \H'r day. H the horses are charged at37J2' cents per day the cost will be $20.25. To transport the same weight in 20i^ hours 100 miles, by locomotive steam-engine, when coal is 10 cents per bushel, the cost will be $15.00. 9. Some of the engines in Great Britain can perform a distance of 100 miles in 10 hours. 10. fn some cases a descending load can elevate an ascending load of less weight 1,000 feet in one minute. The first American Railway was formally opened at Boston, October 7, 1826. It was the (^uincy Road, built to carry granite from the nearest (piarries at Quiucy to tide-water, and, with its branches was four miles long. Its gauge was five feet, and it was o])orated with horses. The Boston Advertiser, in its reportof the opening, stated that a quantity of stone (16 tons) loailed on three wagons weighing five tons, making 21 tons in all, was moved with ease by a single horse a distance of three miles. It was a down grade, but one that did not pre- vent the horse drawing the empty wajjons back. " After the starting of the load, which required some ex'ertion, the horse moved with ease on a fast walk." The construction of the Road is thus described : It rests upon a foundation of stone, laid so deep in the groimd as to be beyond the reach of frost, and to secure the rails on which the car runs against any change in tlieir position, they are laid upon stones eight feet long, placed transversely along the whole extent of the Road, at distances of six to eight feet a|iart. The space between those stones is filled with smaller stones or earth; and over the whole, between the rails a gravel path is made. The rails are made of pine timber, on the top of which is placed a bar of iron. Tlie carriages run upon the iron bars, and are Icept in place by a projection on the inner edge of the tire of the wheels, which are of a size considerably larger than a comnicm cart-wheel. The Albany j4r;/(/?, in reproducing the above, expressed the liopc that "the enterprising pro- jectors of the Mohawk and Hudson Railway" tnigh have the honor of the second work of the kind in this country. The Miner's Journal (Philadelphia), in June, 1827, announced the completion of the Mauch Chunk Railway, 13 miles in length, that [397] Sits HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. boing si'coiid in tho United States. Mention wa.s niaiio of tiirco sets of cars having boon •'sent down" the Koad, 20 cars in all. For most of the distance the track was an inclined ]ilaiu', tiioiitrh for part of the wuy horses were used to drag the cars to the top of tho iiill, whence the cars to tlic niunbcr of six or sc^ven, were attached and laiuiched upon the descend- ing track, which they traversed in sonic i)arts wilh great velocity, of their own gravity, for four or five miles, when horses took them to a eliute having a capacity of 1,00(1 tons of coal. The grade ot the road was over 100 feet to the mile. Three horses in August, 1827, in six carriages drew 41 ])ersons up the grade, lie- turning without horses, the train made the tirst Al miles in It) minutes. The track was de .sjribed as but a siielf in the side of a very pre- cipitous mountain, 500 to GOO feet above the V^alley. Coal cars were not allowed to move faster than five to eight miles per hour. The l?allimoro and Ohio Itailroad, com- menced July 4, 182S, was so far advanced by the 2Sth of i>eceniber, 1S29, that on thai day a trial took ])lace on a few miles of track between Pratt street, Baltimore, and Carrolton Via- duct. The motive power was horses, one of which drew two Wiuan carriages containing 41 ])erson8, moving a i)art of the time at the rale of 10 to 11 miles per hour. Another car- riage, with 25 per.sons. was drawn at the rate of 12 miles per hour. In 1S21I, six miles of the Charleston and Sa- vannah Railroad was constructed. The tirst successful Railroad in this country for carrying passengers, Avas the Mohawk and Hudson, between Albany and Schenectady. The charter of the Company was granted by the Legislature, March 2ti, 1829. Stephen Van Rcnnsselaer, the old Patroon, was the leading cap)italist in what was then considered a vis- sionary scheme. Work upon its construction began Jul}' 29, 1830, and may be said to have been completed September 24, 1831. An ex- cursion over the Road was then given b}' the Directors, to which were invited State and City officials and eminent citizens. This cut is said to be a faithful representation of the train used upon this occasion. The cars were simply stage coach bodies made by James Gould, coach-builder, and placed upon trucks for temporary use, affording seats for 12 or 18 ])assengers each. A speed at the rate of 30 miles an hour was reached. This Road, as at tirst coiistrucletl, extended from the juMction of the Western Turn])ikc and Lydius Street, Albany, a distance of 12i miles, to the br(l and Mani4icslcr, iMigland. The wonder-wurking iiiHuence of tlie new ai>pbcation of power on eomuierce and social intcrcour.se, was, in good degree, foreseen and was very aninjatiiig. In ISL'L' three iron-ways had been coniniencecl in this country — one lietwcen Albany and Schenectady; another at ISaltiniore, the co'nuneneement of tLe Ualtiiiiore it Olii(j; and the third, the South Carolina Railroad, jietween Charleston and Augusta. In June, ISIH", I purehaserother Stephen, he would be obliged if they would let it pass into an act. The Company was organized in is:!.5, and in 1836 the Road was made to Adrian. Edward Bi.ssell, in Toledo, and George Crane, of Adrian, were the most active agents in locating and constructing the Road. When the Michigan Southern Railroad (then in ojieration between Monroe and Coldwater) was purchased by the State of Michigan, the Erie & Kal- amazoo, with its franchises, were purchased by the same parties for |G0,000 ; by the same parties " stocked " at $300,0(10 and then leased, in perpetuity, to the Michigan Southern owners at a 50 i)er cent, annuity on its cost of $(JO,000. The original plan for this Road, was to use oak rails lour inches square, the cars to Ik^ drawn by horses. Few enterprises have been pressed to success under more adverse circum- stances than attended the construction of this work, the chief difficulty being a lack of finan- cial means. The construction had not pro- ceeded far, before it was decided to iron the track and use steam power. Here was met the question of money. The modern devices of mortgage bonds, preferred stock, itc, were unknown to these pioneers. But l3y allowing a liberal bonus on the stock, and furnishing the ]iapcr of the Company, endorsed by the Directors and other supjiosed responsible parties, the iron was pn-ocured. It was known as the " strap- rail," 2Mnche8wide, and five-eighths of ail inch 4(X1 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. thick, and was sjiikcd to tlie woodin rail. By like tiiiiiiifial oiktuUoii, two small locomotives were .sul)sf(iuoiilly ))ivH-urc(l. The lioud was opened for business durinij; the Fall of 183(1, the ears tiieii beiiiii; drawn by horses. Meantime (1S:!5) an amendment to the charter of the Comininv had been made by the Territorial Council of .Mieiii,i;an, which provided that when the "lioud should i)ay the cost of erecting the same and expenses of keeping the same in repair, and .seven jjor cent, on all monevs ex- pended, the said Road should become the proi)crtv of the Territory or Slate, and become a free Road, except surficienl toll to keep the same in repair." The charter provided for a line extending from Toledo to the head-waters of the Kalamazoo River, but by amendment it wa.s made to terminate at Adrian. This change, as well as that looking to the transfer of the Road to the ownership'of Michigan, was prob- ably due to the then increasing probability that the Eastean terminus of the Road would be in Ohio. Following is a collection of facts taken from the official records of the Krie and Kalamazoo Railroad Company, which furnishes, in con- densed form, much of the history of that enterpri.se not to be Ibund elsewhere. As already stated, this Company was chartered by 1 he Territorial Legislature of Michigan in 1832. March 7, LSat, Darius Comstock, E. Conant Win- ter, Asahel Finch, Jr., Cains C. Robinson, David White and Stephen 15. Comstock, Conmiissioners, under the cliarter, gave notice to tlie stoclUiolders, IhatnKjre tlian 1,0U0 shares of stocli had been sub- scrilicil, anil tliat a meeting of stockholders would be held at the bouse of Isaac Deans, in the Village of Adrian, May 20, lSo4, when the sabscrijition books would be delivered to them. On the daj' last named, the stockholders met and elected the following Directors : Darius Comstock, C. C. Robinson, David White, Geo. Crane, Almon Harrison, Caleb S. Ornisby, S. B. Comstock, E. Conant Winter and A. J. Com- stock ; who organized by electing Darius Comstock as President, and .Joseph Chittenden as .Secretary. May 21st the Board of Directors adopted a code of by-laws. Among other provisions, the by-laws pro- vided that in case of absence from any regularly called meeting of the Board, the President should pay a forfeit of $.5.00 ; and a Director for like al>sence, 13.00 ; while any Director who should without leave, absent himself after conung to such meeting, should be fined 25 cents. Provision was then made for "a survey and level of the route of the Railroad from Adrian to Port Lawrence " (Toledo), together with estimates for the construction of the same. For this purpose, three Commissioners were appointed, viz.: Geo. Crane, S. B. Comstock and C. .\1. Ormsby. It was then provided that $1.00 per share of stock be paid by October 1, 1834. November 4th, Andrew Palmer, of Toledo, was made a Director. The Board adopted a memorial to Congress asking for a grant of right of way and use of materials for the proposed Road through the public lands lying on the route ; and akso for a grant of one section of land for every two miles of road con- structed, or 42,240 acres in all. December 2, 1834, the Board in part decided on the route of the pro- posed Road, and decided to construct 10 miles of the same, commencing at Dr. Robinson's, within one year from that time. It was then decided that the cros.s-ties (jf the track should be of "split timber." Steps were also then taken for olitainiug the right of way for the Road. Allen Ilutchins was then ap- ])oiuted Attorney for the Company. June 24, l.s;i."i, a contract was maile by the Directors anaper with three responsible endorsers. February, 15, 1837, a dividend of live per cent, was declared oii the stock of the Bank. At the same time John Hojjkins ^\■as appointeil Superintendent of the Road, for the purpose of preparing the track be- tween Adrian and Toledo to receive the locomotive. He was also authorized to make survey for the continuation of the Road West to the Kalamazoo River. April 7, 1837, it was "resolved, that the fare in the Pleasure L'ar between Toledo and Adrian be $2.25 ; Toledo to Wbiteford, 75 cents ; Whiteford to Blissfield, 75 cents ; and Blisstield to Adrian, 75 cents;" and that former rates for the "Pleasure Car," be charged on the '' Lumber Cars." June 23, 1837, Edward Hissell, as Acting Commis.sioner, was made General Manager of the Road. September 22, 1837, the charge for " up-freight " (Toledo to Adrian), was 40 cents per 100 pounds ; and for " down-freight," 25 cents per 100 ; for Flour, 373^ RAILWAYS. 401 cents per barrel ; Oats in barrels or bags, i')}^ cents ; and Wlieat, Corn anil Potatoes, U cents per busliel. (October 2, bSIST, the following directors were chosen: Geo. Crane, Pliilo C. Fuller, Edward Bis- sell, Wui. P. Daniels, S. B. Conistock Fred. Bissell, Ivichard iNIott, A. J. Conistock, Andrew Palmer- giving Toledo a majority in the Board. A. J. Coni- stock was elected President; C. D. Ashley, Secretary; and P. C. Fuller, Treasurer; Wni. P. Daniels and Geo. Crane were appointed Coniiuissioners for the nianagenient of the Koad. October .'id, ls:57, the Treasurer was authorized to ccjntract with the Government for "the transporta- tion of the Great Western Mail between Toledo and Adrian — leaving Toledo at 8 a. m. and arriving at Ailrian at 11' .m.; and leaving Adrian at 2 i-. .m. and arriving at Tolecio at li e. m. each day ; and supjilying the Postoffices at Sylvania, Blisstield and Pal- myra, by means of separate bags— at the rate of |L',0(Hl per annum." January 4, l.So.S, subscriptions of SI shares of st(ick were declareil forfeited for non-iiayment. At the same time, a dividend of SO per cent, on the re- maining stock, 2,77() shares, was declared, from pro- ceeds of the Koad to December ol, ls:^7. February l(i, ISoS, passengers fare between Toledo and Adrian was reduced to $1.50, and between other points in proportion. .\t a meeting of stockholders. May 15, l.s:',8, the following jiersons were present, casting, respectively, the number of votes stated : Levi Beardsley, of New York, for himselt 1'0.S shares ; Salmon Harrison, for himself. L'O; Edward Bissell, for self and as proxy, (i:!0 ; Andrew Palmer, for self and as pro.xy, 182 ; John B. Macy, for self and proxy, :>51 ; William E. Jones, for Clias. Butler of New York, 5-111; Richard Mott, for self and iiroxy, o44 ; Fred. Bissell, 7'J. Total shares voted 2,o)i0. H. D. Ma.son, of Toledo, and J. B. Macy, of BuOalo, N. Y., became Directors at that time. May 15, 183s, Kicliard Mott was chosen President of the Conii>auy ; Edward Bissell, (Commissioner or Manager ; and P. C. Fuller, Treasurer. June 28, ISoS, an otter by the Port ivawrence Com- pany, of lots 484 and 484^^2 of their plat lor Railroad purposes, was accepted, and a committee appointed to superintend the erection thereon of a car-house, work-shop, &c." At the same time, an otler by the proprietors of Vistula of a lot on AVater Street, and between Cherry and Lynn Streets, for Riiilroad pur- poses, was accepted. John B. Macy was authorized to purchase a blank book for keeping the records of the Company. Freight rates were then fixed : Wheat, Adrian to Toledo, 8 cents; Adrian to Pal- myra, IJ^^ cents ; Salt, Toledo to Palmyra (junction with the Jacksonburg Branch), 50 cents ; and to Adrian, 62J^ cents. November 2, ISoS, officers were re-elected. In the interest of the Vistula Division (" Lower Town "), a Railroad track was constructed in Water Street — rather over the water of the River, near where Water Street was subsequently made— from Monroe Street then the termination of the Railroad, to Cedar Street, near Lagrange. November 2, 1838, Richard Mott was appointed to negotiate for the purchase of an one-fourth interest in such track and the use of the track, provided it cost not to exceed $3,085. January 3, 1839, the Directors authorized agents to furnish members of the Board with passes, but in no other way to relax the existing order in that respect. The matter of the Water Street track was considered and voted down. A mail contract with the Govern- ment was closed, being the tirst Railway Mail con- tract West of the Alleghany Mountains. -March 15, 1839, rates for freight were fixed, in- cluding the following : " Toledo to Adrian — Salt, &2]y£ cents iier barrel ; plaster, per ton, ^'AM). Adrian to Toledo— AVhiskey, per barrel, 50 cents; Cats, per bushel, 5 cents; Corn, 7 cents; Potatoes, 7 cents; Lumber, per M, $3.50. Aj)ril 15, 1839, it was resolved that the Directors resume control of the Railroail Bank. At that time, it was voted that the offices of the Ciim|.any be re- moved from Adrian to Toledo. II. D. .Mason was appointed Treasurer, rliv P. V. Fuller; and .1. D. Shepbard, Secretary, rice C. D. .Ashley. A rlividcnd of 15 per cent, froiu profits of the year ending De- cend)er 31, 1S3S, was then declared. Edwaid Bissell's salary as Acting Commissioner was li.xed at .'J;2,00ll ]>er year. April 30,1839, Richard Molt resigned tlic position of President, and was succeeded by E. S. Dodd. of Toledo. It was resolved to hold monthly meetings of the Board, alternately at Toledo and Ailrian. August 7, 1839, the Board resolved "that any per- son upon the presentation of .satisfactory evidence that be hail an ' eipiitable or benelieial iiderest ' in in any stock of the Comjiany, whether through mort- gages, hypothecation or other pledge, should lie en- titled to Vote on such stock, as thougli the same had been transferred to such jiarty on the books of the Company." To such action Director :\Iolt made written protest, as " an unwarrantable assumptinu of l)Ower." August 9, 1S39, rates of freight were fixed as fol- lows: Toledo to Adrian — Merchandise, per 100,25 cents; Salt, per barrel, 45 cents; Plaster, jier ton, $3.00. Adrian to Toledo-Wheat, per bushel, (icents; Oats, 4 cents ; Flour per barrel, 25 cents ; Whiskey, per barrel, 50 cents; Pork, 50 cents; Hides, per U)0 pounds, 8 cents ; Lundjer per M., $:'..01). September 0, 1S39, at the annual meeting, the roll of stockholders, prepared for the occasion, was as follows: Samuel Satterthwaite, shares; David Bur- gess, 5 ; John Hunt, 5; C. 1). Ashley, SO; Isaac French, 13; Almon Harris 39 ; Calvin Brandish, 20 ; Fred Bissell, 79; Anson Howell, 0; P. C. Fuller, IS; Henrv W. Hicks, 171; Harvey Todd, 5; H. Green- man, 'l3; Charles Butler, .540; Levi Beardsley, 208; Duffield, Swift & Ravmond, 52; Joel McCollum, 20 ; Israel T. Hatch, 21 ; Samuel Hicks it Si>n, 1.5ii; Itich- ard Mott, 10; Edward Bissell, the fraction nf *I0, on one share; George Crane, 52; Uoyal Paine, 13; Hezekiah D. Mason, 13; William S. Waters, 48; City Bank of Buff'alo, 525; Commercial Bank of BuH'alo, 61; Adah Ann Husband, 100; David White. 10; Smith & Macy, 62 ; Stephen Whitney 28; Andrew Palmer and James Mvcrs, 50 ; Samuel Willets (As- signee), 40; Jos. R. Williams, 13; Cuyahoga Steam Furnace Company, 30; Faruiers and Mechanics' Bank, Detroit, 22; H. A. Carpenter 3; Robert Hicks, 112 ; Mahlon Day, 3 ; Edward A. Lawrence, 4; A. S. Willetts, 7; Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad Bank, 338; Ezras. Dodd, 2; total shares, 3 027. At this election Edward Bissell claimed the right, and was permitted to vote on 546 snare hypothecated to Charles Butler, 36 shares hypothecated to the Cuya- hoga Furnace Company, and 33S shares for the Rail- road Bank, making a total vote of 914 shares owned by him. At this election B. P. Peckham, A Palmer, E. S. Dodd, Edward Bis.sell, Freil Bissell, Samuel B. Scott, Jacob Clark and H. D. Mason were elected Directors. October 0, 1839, the Directors ordered that stock to the amount of $12,301.30 be issued in payment for the track between Monroe and Cedar Streets (the latter between Lagrange and Elm). Octobers, 1839, E. S. Dodd was elected President; S. B. Scott, Treasurer ; and Edward Bissell, Commis- sioner. October, 1839, at the instance of Charles Butler and other creditors, the Road was placed in the liands of George Crane as Receiver, and so remained 402 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. until January IS, IStO, wlien tlie receiversliip was L'losi'il liv orilcr (if ('(Uirt. Januiuv I'l, IS 10, tlio I'ost Office Department made tlie Company an olfer of .foO per mile for daily mail service between Toledo and Tetainiseli, via Ailriaii ; that between Toledo and Adrian to be by Railroad cars, and between tlu^atter jilace and Tecuni.seb in four-liorse posteoaclies. Tbe l)e|iar|.ment statecl tliat to be " the bi^diest rate [laid for Kailroad service in IMieln},'aii "—the only other lik(! service then in that State beini; on tlii^ Miehi{;an Southi'iii Kailroad, l)e- tween Monroe and Adrian. The otier was accepted by the Conijiany. Tbe aggregate of the pay was about |l',L'00 per year. May II, I.S40, J. B. Macy was elected President, rice K. S. Dodd resinged. A slatement made May 1(1, 1810, showed the re- ceipts from .lannary 1, l.s.'iO, to May 3, 1.S40, to have been ij;.')-!,.'!!'-.!)? ; and the expenses for tlie .same period, .f:;!' 'Jlli.OO— receipts over exiienditares, |li2,- 1 10.07. \Vhcren|ion a dividend of eight per cent, was declared on the Capital stock (If 174,00:3). In 1840 the Kailniad Baidi was in the hands of a Receiver, but was soon released, when the eli'ects of the BanU were assigned to J. 15. Macy. September 5, 1S40, F. W. Macy was appointed Cashier of the Bank. October ."), IS 10, A. P. Edgerton, D. Pitman and Leverett Bissell were elected Directors of the Kailroad Company. J. B. Macy was continued as President, and Edward Bissell elected Comnussiouer of tbe Uailroad, as they also were October 4, 1841. June IS, 184L', the Directors authorized the sale of various properties, including two locomotives (" To- ledo" ami " Adrian ") and tendeis, two Passenger (.!ars, nine Freight (_!ars, and one Stake Car. July '2, 184:i, the Koail was placed in tbe bands of Horace Meech of Albany, and S. B. Comstock and M. H: Tilden of Toledo, as Coninii.ssioners, they to numage the Hoad for the Company. At the same time, it was voted to jiermit the Palmyra and Jackson- burg Koad to run its cars on the Company's track between Palmyra and Toledo, for ten years, for an annual rental "of $3,000. At the annual election, October 4, 1842, 3,0l>6 shares of stock were rei)resentecr 5, IS.'i.'), John Knower, Calvin Crane, D. B. St. John, Thnrlow Weeil, James H. Barnes, D. P. Barliydt, Ahel French, lienjamin Knower, James B. Jerniain and Adrian llerzog were chosen Directors. Tlic struggle tln'ough which the originalor.s and Iniilders of tills ]ii(jiieer of Western lioads wore called Id |iass, jirobahly luxs no c(jUiil in the history of a like enterjirise in the country. The extent of this contest is indicated liy the fact, that as early as August, ISi^ll, but 17o of the 8,027 shares of stock of the Coinpajiy stood ou the stoekliolders' roll in tho names of Toledo men, of wliicli but the fraction of one- tiflh of a share wiis in the name of Edwurd Hissell, then, as from tho first, one of, if not the leading active man in the L'omjiany; al- though, as then shown, "J14 shares of his slock — oO jicr cent, of the whole — were hyjiolhc- eated with creditors. Of the aggregate, about 1,S(IU shares, or 6(1 per cent, of all the stock, were in the same condition. The truth is, that the Ivoad had to be built without the use of much money, and from tho outset it was largely in debt. Some help was had for a time from the notes of tho Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad Bank ; but as that institution, al.so, was without capital, and without means be- yond its circulation, it soon became a burden, rather than a support, and at the very time when assistance was most needed by tho man- agers of the Road. The result, as .shown, was the forced surrender of the i^roperty by its owners to the hands of creditors and others who soon made it valuable, and gathered fruits which its proprietors had hoi)cd to secure. It was the intention when the Road was projected, not to iron the track, but to run tho cars on wooden rails, 4x4 inches square, the cars to be drawn by horse-power. As tho work progressed, the ideas of the managers be- came more practical, and parties in New York (Samuel Hicks & Sons) wore induced to import a lot of strap rail, five-eighths of an inch thick; and M. W. Baldwin, of Philadelphia, was induced to trust the Company for two locomo- tives — the " Toledo " and the "Adrian" — (or wliich neither of the parties realized over 20 per cent., nor even that, nntil their claims were purchased by Washington Hunt, previ- ous to the sale of the Road to him, January 26, 1848, under decree of the Michigan Court. The more modern device of foisting bonds on the jiublic for building Railroads, had not then been devised — a plan that would have made plain sailing for the energetic, but impecunious management ol llu^ ]iioneer IJaihvay. Those only who were engaged in the strugL'le lor its construction and in keeping it in o]ieration after it was constructed, could fully appreciate the perplexing environments of the (enterprise. And yet considering their entiri^ lack', bo(h of experience and of oxam|)le li'om others in Kail- way financiering, it must bo conceded, that tliii construction and equipment of H;5 milesof Rail- way at that time hy its moneyless managers was not accomjilished without a fiur extent of talent for tlio work. For the first- year, the track of the Krio and Kalania/.oo Roail terminated at Monroe and the head of Water Slrei't, crossing the blo(-k Ironi tho West diagonally'. The tirst Railroad oltico was in a frame building, 14x20 feel in size, built lor a barber shoji on the ground now occupied l)y J. B. Ketcham & Co.'s Whole- sale Grocery (MO and 88 Summit Sti'eet). In 1837 the track was extended along near what is now Water Street, to the foot of Jjagiange, passing the entire distance on piles tlriveii in the River, the line varying from 50 to 200 feel from what was then tho shore. Water Street was constructed by tilling in on about the same line in 1843. The depot was afterwards near the foot of Cherry Street, which was also the depot of the Cleveland and Toledo Road from 1852 until the removal of both to the " Middle Ground," in 1855. Tho first formalannouncementof the running time of tho Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad, ap- peared in the Toledo Blade, Kay 16, 1837, and was as follows : TO EMIGRANTS AND TRAVELERS. The Erie aucl Kalamazoo Railroad is now in tull optTatinn betweeu Toledo and Adrian. During the ensiiiiif,' season trains of oars will run daily to Adrian, there couneciiiiR witli a line ot stages for the West, Micliife-an City, Cliieago and Wisconsin Territory. Kniigrants and others destined for Imliaiui. Illinois and Western Jlicliigan, Will Save Two Day.s and thccorrespondinK e.xpeiise, by taking this route in jiref- erence to the more lengthened, ted'ons and expensive route heretofore traveled. All baggage at the risk of the owners. EDWARD BISSELL, W. 1'. DANIELS, (JKORiiE CKANE, Commissioners Erie and Kalamazoo R. R. Co. A. HUGHES, Superintendent Western Stage Co. ButTalo, Detroit and other papers on the Lakes will please publish this uotiee to the amount i>f $."1.1x1, and send their bills to tlie Agent. 404 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. As seen, no times are named for the dojiart- iirc aiid arrival of (rains. Tlie reason for such latitude in movement, was made plain to 1)38- scngcrs of that day. The rate of fiirc by " the Pleasure Car," between Toledo and Adrian (33 miles) was " 128." ($1.50), with right of 50 pounds of baggage. Freight was 4s. (50 cents) ].er 1(H) lbs. Salt, ?1. 00 per barrel. Tho Blade, editorially referring to the matter, said : The attention of eniigrants and travelers is called to the great saniiy they will nialse by adopting this route. .Some ]iassen<,'ers who start this morning, we liave seen e.Kluhiting great e.xnltation because they were to arrive a conjile of days earlier at Chicago, than if tbey had taken the stage at Detroit at the .same liour. A few days since four passengers were coming t'.ast from Illinois. Near Adrian they sepa- rated. Two came to 'I'uledo by Ji:iilro;ul, and imme- diately juni]ied oil bnard a Steamboat. Tbe other two wallowed tbrdUgli the mud to Detroit, and, two days after tlieir fellow-travelers bad left this place for Buti'alo, they touched atour wharf in a Steamboat, having Ijeen the whole time in expediting their journey. The Road was then operated with liorsc- powcr. The first locomotive (the pioneer West of Schnectad}') reached Tole nnles), made in :!}, hours, 1, 1S4!), gave many facts of tlu; history of that and remarks that " no ti'aveliiig could be moiu^ onterpri.se, and its relations to the Michigan safe." The IJoad hail one locomotive and made .Southern Road, showing something of its strug- one round trij) per day. gles for life. The report gave an estimate of I. S. Smith, Trustee, gave notice in April, the cash value of the road, aside from its fran- 1843, that "one half of the freight on merchan- chi.so, aggregating $12(1,2(10. Of that sum dise, &c., upon the Erie and Kalamazoo Rail- $30,000 was for rigid, of way, $33,000 for road between Toledo and Adrian, would be re- gi'ading- and trestle work, $24,000 for HOO tons ceived in the engraved checks, formerly issued of ii'on, $17,000 for machinery and materials, by the Company — the balance to be paid in $7,000 for land and buildings in Toledo and cash." $3(f0 (or same in Adrian. The total receipts The Adrian Wliiij y-ave the following tableof for the year 1849 were $20,047, of which »9,575 exports from that Town to Toleilo by the Eric was from passengers, and $15,23(i for freights. and Kalamazoo Railroad, foi- the year ending The exjienditiii'es for the same period amounted December 31, 1840: to $13,831, including salaries of officers, agents Whpit iMishek mruo .I'l'l conductors, $3,705; engineers and firemen, \\^heat„ bushels .. ^ r,0,o4., i^-^ig. f,,^,,^ $IXM ; repairs of engines and Oats,' " "-__".. I I__.II.I__I ^}^m ^•■'■''*^ $2,255; rejiairs of Road, $3,740; contin- Flour, bbls l(;|s;i.') ,gcnt, $503. There was then due for taxes in Pork, " l,c,74 Michigan and Ohio, $1,344, and $2,738 on other Whiskey, bbls 147 accounts. The net income for the year was Merchandise, lbs ]-lS,SO:^> co i-.o mi „ ■ * /■ m i i i ^j,fjgj. .< -,. oo.T $^,i32. Ihe receijits for It) years had ranged Hides' -ji."rrijrri-'izrri_'rir"r:r" ' ''448 f'""'" *-io,io9 in 1839, to $25,114 in is42. The falling off after 1839, was largely due to bitter The Blade stated that the Towns of Clinton com])etition from the Michigan Southern Eoad. and Tecumseh, in the same County, sent about Other causes operated to endjarrass the Koad, the same amount of freight, the ti-affic of the including '• litigation and bad management." three Towns constituting the business of the Sometimes it was in the hands of " Commission- Jioad. ers acting for the Directors; sometimes of Trus- It is believed that the fir.st condiination be- tees a]ipointed by the Courts; tlien by a Re- tw(^en Railways in this countr}' for ]irotecting ceiver at one end and by Commissioners at the rates from competition, was that formed be- other enil; at one time there being two distinct tween the Erie and Kalamazoo (Toh^do and boards of Directors claiming authority." In Adrian) and the Miclngan Southern (Monroe 1848 the Company owned no land at Toledo, and Adrian), in July, 1845. These were, with- except two small lots, on one of which stood its out doubt, the first competing lines of I?ail\vay Machine Sho]) on St. Clair Street and near La- in the Uliited States; there havi?ig been at fayette (since known as the O'Keagan Hotel), that time no other tvvo Roads built sufficiently There was then neither passenger depot nor near to draw traffic from the same territory. freight house — its business all being done in At that time it was agreed that the former of the open air on Water Street. Various points these Roads should charge rates as follows: were considered with reference to a depot — two Passenger fixre (childi-en half price), $1.00; on Water Street, two in the Northern and two Flour, ]ier barrel, 22 cents; Wheat, cents; in the Southern part of the City. For the ex- Salt, Pork, &c., 34 cents; Merchandise, per isting traffic, it was thought one-half an acre 100, 17 cents; Agricultural products, per 100 would be ample for all purposes. Two and a lbs., 12i^ cents. Whether or not the same rates half acres at the mouth of Swan Creek (West were fixed between Monroe and Adrian, is not side), including the machine shop, could be had stated. for $20,000, which was deemed "a largo ])rice The first lady passenger on the Erie and for what would eventually be inad(M|uate to the Kalamazoo Road was Mrs. Clarissa llarroun, wants of the Road." The remaining location of Sylvania, the mother of Dr. C. 11. llarroun was known asthe " Miedle Ground," belonging of Toledo. She had been on a visit East of to the proj^rietors of Oliver's Addition to To- Toledo, and was on her way back, when she ledo, and consisted of ;iO acresof those grounds met the "excursion train "(the first one for and 14 acres of ujdand, the whole bt^ing ottered jiassengers), and took passage by it as far as for $3,000, or $70 ])er acre — conditioned that Sylvania, on its waj' from Toledo to Adrian. the depot be located there within two years. No other woman was aboard. She rode on a The cost of providing depot accommodations 4(W HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. there was esliinnted at ¥10,000, a sum not war- ranted by tlio cxislintr business of tlie l^oad, but wlicii" done, it would lie a desirable location. 1 1 was uryed that there "the Hoad would be rill of all niuiueijial regulations, with the best possible eonneetion with navigation, and in ])osition to eoiineel with Lake Shore lines." Tlie adviee thus given was acted upon, and on the gi:>,000 jiurchase are now found the net w ork of tracks, the Island J[ou.se, Elevators, Freight Warehouses, and other extensive facilities of the Lake Shore Road. On the 14 acres of " uplaTid," enibi'aeed in that purchase, has been CDUstructed the new and more convenient Pas- senger Depot. Mr. Harbach, during the few years of bis activity in Oliio, gained a high position as a Kailwaj' Engineer. Tie was from Massachu- setts, his firstexperienee in his profession lieing on the Boston and Albany i?oad. Coming West, his first connection was with the Erie and Kalamazoo Eoad. From there he went to Cleveland, to take charge of tlie survey and construction of the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Koad, in which capacity ho still further developed his rare ability as a Railway Engineer. To him was largely due the excep- tional success of that enterprise. His excessive labors ir. that connection, are understood to have contributed largely to his death in 1851, at the early age ot 33 years. For some time during the earlj' j^ears of this Hoad, Mr. Mavor Erighani, yet a resident of Toledo, acted as Hepair Agent of the same. Some idea of what railroading then was, may be had Jrom that gentleman's statement of his experience. He says: In December, 1841, one Saturday, the train loft Toledo on time for Adrian. I was then at Palmyra, intending to take the train for Adrian and return to Toledo tliat evening. ( Iwing to a sevei'e storm of rain, freezing as it fell, the track hecame covered with ice. The train reached I'alniyra aliout 4 r. m. I en- tered tlie middle eom|iartnien"t of the ear, as tiie train started for Adrian, and met in the ear J. Baron Davis and wife, of Toledo, sitting in the furward seat. Being acquainted with them 1 tliought 1 would take a seat with them, hut seeing the cushion on the seat out of place, 1 took tlie rear seat.facing the one I had rejected. We had not gone more than half a mile from I'almvra when a " snake-head," as they were called (the end of a locsened liar), came cra.shing through the floor of the ear, pa.ssing diagonally thnjugh the .seat! had left vacant, the end of the bar striking me in my neck under the chin and pushing me backward with such force .as to break through tlie panel work partition which divides the compartments of the car. ,)ust at this moment the other end of the bar was torn from the track and carried along with the car. Recovering my conciousness a little, I found my.self with head and shoulders protruding through the broken parti- tion, while I held the as.saulting *' snake-head " firmly gras|ied in both my hands. Being a .stormy day, I had an extra amount of clothing about niy neck which the bar ditl not penetrate, .so that my injuries were not scrions. The train wasstojipcd. Frederick Bissell, the conductor was much frightened. Before leaving the spot, the guilty " snake-head " was once more spiked down, and we moved on, reaching Adrian at (i r. M., having made the run of 33 miles in 10 hours. This train left Adrian for Toledo at 7 r. m., and worked its way along over the ice covered track until we got out of wood and water, when we jiicked n|i slicks in the woods and replenished the lire, and with pails dipped up water from the ditches and fed the boiler, and maile another run towards Toledo, f^ass- ing Sylvania, we got the train to a point four miles from Toledo, when being again out of steam, wood and water, we came to the conclusion that it would be ea.sier to foot it the rest of the way, than to try to get the train along any further. So we left the loco- motive and cars standing upon the track, and walked into the City, reaching here about 2::;() A. m. 1 was rather lame and sore from contact with the " snake- head," but gratified that we were enjoying the " modern improvement" — Kailway travel. The loss of Toledo as an eligible Lake Port, and its promise of advantages from both Rail- road and prospective Canal, stimulated the young State ot Michigan to extraordijiary measures for meeting such loss. To this end she launched out into a grand scheme of inter- nal improvement, including a loan of $5,000,- 000 (an enormous sum at that time), for the improvement of Rivers, construction of Canals, and lor three Railroads — a Southern, a Central, and a Northern Railroad. The Southern Road was to start at Monroe on Lake Erie, traverse the Southern tier of Counties, and terminate at New Buffalo on Lake Michigan. Chicago was then a mere Indian trading post, with a fiirt (Dearborn) in an apparantly irreclaimable quagmire. The track was laid with the flat or " straji " rail, 2^ inches wide, f inch thick. The Road was opened as follows: Monroe to Petersburg, 18 miles, in 1839 ; to Adrian, 33 miles, in 1840, and to Hillsdale, 00 miles, 1843. This line comjjrised all of the Southern Road built by the State. The Palmyra and Jacksonbiirg Railroad (now the "Jackson Branch") was started by the owners of the Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad and was opened to Teciiniseh, its terminus for nearly twcnlj' years, with a celebration August 9, 1838. This Company became involved and the Road was sold to the State of Michigan in 1844, for the amount of the State's loan and interest, ¥22,000. The State united it with the Southern Road, as the " Teeumsob Branch," sti]inlating in the sale of the Southern Road in 18411, that this branch should be extended to Jackson, which, after a delay of 10 years, was done. In 1840 the State sold the Road to a Comjiany, with I'jdwin C. Litchfield at its head, for ¥50,000. The new Company did but little the next four years. During the years 1851-2 the Road was constructed very ra)iidly, reaching Chicago, 243 miles from Toleilo via Northern Indiana Road in March, 1852. The lease of the Erie & Kalamazoo, August 1, 1849, settled the struggle for sujiremacy between Monroe and Toledo, in favor of the latter. The Presidents of this Company were James J. Godfrey, 1840-47; Tunis B. Van Brunt, RAILWAYS. 407 1847-48: Charles Noble, 1848-49; (4oo. Blis.s, 1849-52; John B. Jervis, 1852-53; Kobert B. Doxtater, 1853; John B. Jervi.s, 1854-55. The Superintendents were J. II. Clevohind, 184fl.4(( (while operated by State of Michigan); Thomas G. Cole, 1840-5t)"; Lewi.s W. Aslilej-, 1850 51 ; E. P. Williams, 1851-2; Joseiih H. Moore, 1852-54; James Moore, 1854-55 (to eoiisolida- tion). The Nortlu'rn Indiana Railroad (orig-inally the Butl'alo and Mi.ssissipjii) extended from the Michigan State line to (!hicago. It wa.s pro- jeetetl in 1835, and with different spasmodic efforts was kept alive until 1849, when the eontrol of the enterprise passed into the hands of the Litchfielils, wlio were rapidly pushino- the Miehigan Southern West, and on Maj' 22, 1852, the first train jia.sscd over the two IJoads, the Michigan Southern and flic Northern Indi- ana, from Toletlo to Chicago. Three years later, in April, 1855, the Michigan Southern and the Northern Indiana were consolidated. The following is a list of the Presidents of the Indiana IJoad during the protracted ]ieriod of incubation: Ilobert Stewart, 1837; Gen. Joseph t)rr, 1837-41; Jonathan Burr, 1841; (interim of eight years), William B. Ogden, 1847; (interim of two ye.-irs) E. W. Chaml)er- lain, 1850; James II. Barnes, 1851; John Stryker, 1851; George Bliss, 1852; John B. JervLs, 1852-55. Tlie following comparative statement sliows some- tliing of the growth of busine.ss on the line of the old Erie and Kalamazoo Road : Stations. Population. Tons Freight Fonvardcd, Passmijei-s Fonvardcd. 1880. 1880. 1800. 1880. 1800. 1880. Toledo Hollanil 13,708 50,143 2.30 1,350 201,784 31 1,010 292 447 8.S0 1,181 410 885,lli2 5.S8 :'.12 3,0tH 517 1,404 4,.54« 390 43 15,788 39.914 489 3,227 178 I(i8,407 2 OIK Sylvania 1,222 0,591 3,598 WODII m-AA- Blissliold 1.827 1,225 3a5 491 1,914 928 748 25,423 3,905 l,2:!5 210 I.eiuiwee .Int 11 l.Vl Adrian _ 0,213 7,819 9,045 57,841 Tlie total traffic of this line in 1S37, was !J!r>5,S21 ; in 1838, $50,480; in 1S;«I. |4(>,10!l; in 1S40, ii3.'),.')44. The con.solidation of the Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Roads took place May 1, 1855. The new (!om])any at once set about very vigorous measures for extending its facili- ties, and the Air Ijine (Toledo to Elkhart, Indiana) and the Toledo and Detroit Eoacl were constructed, and the Jackson Branch ex- tended to its Northern terminus. The elegant Lake Steamers, the Western Metropolis and the City of Buffalo, were then provided, for traffic between Toledo and Buffalo. The financial revulsion of 1857 found the Company in an extended condition fuianciall)-, which soon led almost to annihilation. Its stock fell from 115 in 1850, to five and six per cent, in 1859. The Board of Directors all re- signed, and a new Board were chosen ; and it is stated that at their first meeting in New York, they were compelled to borrow chairs from adjoining offices, the Sheriff havingtaken the office furniture under one of the 155 judg- ments obtained by its creditors. Henry Keep and his friends got the conli'ol of the I'oad in ISOO at a low cost and soon improved its con- dition, by which means it was in shape to take such advantage of the sudden increase of traffic can.sed by the War of 18(11-5, that its st()ck in 1803 had gone u]) to 110 per cent. The fir.st tlividend was declari^d August 1, 18G3, the day on which the energetic Superintendent, John D. Campbell, died" in Bo.ston. In 1809, tliis IJoad was consolidated with the Lake Shore Pailway. Its Presidents have been— 1. John Wilkinson; 2. Edwin C. Litchfield; 3. Jona- than II. Eansom; 4. John B. Jervis; 5. Geo. lMi.ss; 6. Elisha M. Gilbert; 7. Martin L. Sykes, Jr.; 8. Elijah B. Phillips. And the General Superintendents: 1. James Moore ; 2. Sam. Brown: 3. John D. Campbell; 4. Henry H. Porter; 5. Charles P. Hatch. THE EASTERN RAILWAY LINES. The Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland Rail- road Companj' was organized in September, 1850, had its lino constructed from Toledo to Cleveland via Fremont, Norwalk and Oberlin, the first train arriving at Toledo, December 20, 1852. It was consolidated with the Junction Railroad in 1853. Its Directors were C L. Boalt, 1850-53 (died, 1870); Timothy Baker, 1850-53 (died, 1878); E. B. Perkins," 1850-52: Frederick Chapman, 1850.53 (died, 1801); Matthew Johnson, 1850-53 (died, 18G1); Alvin (iole.s, 1850-52; Dr. tu-o. G. Baker, 1850-51 (ilied, 1877) ; Prof. Henry Cowles, 1851-53 ; Sardis Birchard, 1852-53 (died, 1874); John H. Whitaker, 1852-53 (died, 1882). The officers were CUiarles L. Boalt, President, Timothy Baker, Vice President ; E. B. Phillips, Super- intendent. The Junction Railroad Company was organ- ized in 1850, with the following Directors: Ebenezer Lane (President), S. W. Baldwin, E. DcWitt R. Starr, N. B. Gates, R. McEachron, Ileman Ely, Jr., Artemas Beebe, Alvin Coles, A. M. Porter, Heman B. Ely, John A. Poote, Daniel Hamilton. This Road was a rival for the Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland, its line running from Cleveland, via Elyria, Sandnsky, Port Clinton, Millbuiy, Porrysburg 4ind Mau- mee City to Swanton, Lucas Count}-, where it was designed to connect with the Air Line branch of the Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Road, and thus to constitute a cut-oflf and a diversion of traffic via Sandu.sdy. The Construction of the Road was undertaken and prosecuted as fast as the means of the Com- pany would admit, until 1853, when, as stated, 408 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. it was coiisoliilaled with its rival, and the Cleveland and Toledo lload thus formed. The main reliance of both these lines for construc- tion was on County and Town subscriiitions to their stock, and success or failure lart;cly dc- ]ion(led on the coni|iaralivo facility with which such aid was ohtaiiied. It turned out that the Southern or Norwalk line was most prompt in that respect, and as a consequence, it was pushed most etfeclivoly, and soon gained van- tage-i,fround which secured the construction of itiTline; while the Junction or Sandusky enter- prise was strucgliiig for eoni])letion, its nian- airers being finall}' relieved of their embarrass- nient through consolidation. The principal Town subscriptions for the Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland f'oad, were— Toledo, $50,000; Fremont, §40,000 ; IJollevue, $20,000 ; Norwalk, $54,000; Oberlin, $15,000. The first publicmeetiiigof citizens of Toledo, in connection with the Lake Shore (Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland) l?ailroad, was held September 0, 1850, of which James Myers was Chairman and Henry Bennett, Secretary. D. O. Morton, after a few explanatory remarks, introduced JohTi Gardiner and L)r, (ieo. G.Baker, of Norwalk, who stated what had been done in Lorain, Huron and Sandusky Counties for the proposed Road. John C. Spink, of Perrysburg, and Andrew Young and Elisha Mack, of Man- mee, spoke of the plan of bringing the Eoad round by those places, to avoid the necessity of a draw-bridge at Toledo. John Fitch, H. D. Mason, Jlatthew Johnson, T. IT. Bradbury and D. O. Morton, as a Committee for the pur- pose, reported resolutions, favoring the con- struction of the Road, and a ('ity subscription to the .stock of the same. John L. Greene, of Fremont, spoke of what was being done in Sandusky County. Judge Mason addressed the meeting, expressing the belief that the pro- posed Road would become " a link in the great chain of Railroad that would within 10 years unite the Atlantic Avith >San Francisco." Mat- thew Johnson, W. J. Daniels, T. U. Bradbury, -D. O. Morton and Henrj' Bennett, were con- stituted a Colnmittee to open books for sub- scription to the stock of the Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland Railroad Company ;• John E. Hunt, Goo. W. Reynolds and John Fitch, were appointed to take charge of the matter of se- curing a County vote for subscription of stock to the same. The question of route was one of prime importance. While the Toledo 2>eople naturally prefei-red the direct line from Fre- juont to their City, they were too sagacious to insist upon that, and largely for the reason that no favorable vote by the County could be secured upon such basis. The result was, that two routes were decided on from what is now Millbury Station — one to Toledo and one to Perrysburg and Maumee, and thence, to unite with the Toledo line at Swanton. The first annual report of President Boalt of the Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland Railroad, was made January 14, 185:5, that being the only one made before consolidation. The report stated that votes of municipal corporations in aid of that Road wore taken in the S|iringoC 1851. The contract for building the lioail was let to Baxter, Brown & Co., in October follow- ing. The Road was opened from Cleveland to Monroeville (57 miles), January 20, 185S, and to Toledo the same year. In this connection it may be stated that the section of this Road which in 185:5 was esti- mated to pay niTie per cent, on $10,00(1 per mile, in 1882 paid seven ]ier cent, on $1(1(1,(100 per mile. In 1869 was organized the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway Company, bj' the consolidation of the following lines, to wit; 1. J\liehigan Southern and Northern Indiana — Chicago to Toledo — with branches. 2. Cleve- land and Toledo — Toledo to Cleveland. :-5. Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula — Cleve- land to Erie. 4. Buffalo and \iv\o llailroad — Erie to Buffalo. The foregoing cornjianies in- clude the main line, Buffalo to Chicago — 540 miles -and ;^24 miles of branches, making S(!4 miles of the Lake Shoi-e and Michigan Southern Railway proper. The Com])any also has the following proprietary Roads: Toledo and De- troit, 02.29; White Pigeon and Kalamazoo, :30.08; and Jonesville ami Lansing, 01.14 — - total, 100.11. Few names are as prominent in connection with the construction of the lines now consti- tuting the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, as is that of J. H. Sargent. In 1840 he began Railroad engineering in the employ of the Ohio Railroad Company, with which he continued until the collapse of that enter])rise. Then he was em])loyed in the construction of the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Rail- way, remaining there until engaged in 1849 by the Northern Indiana Railroad Company, to survey a line between LaPorte and Michigan City. From that time until 1854 he was on the Toledo and Chicago line. In an address delivered before the Civil Engineers' Club of Cleveland, August 9, 1887, Mr. Sargent gave many interesting and valuable facts and inci- dents connected with his professional .service. Of the improveniont and occupancy of the Middle Ground, at Toledo, for depot ]iur|ioses, he said : A circuitous line, crooking around among the Streets of the City, had been surveyed. I had been accustomed to deal with straiglit lines, so here again I took the bull by the liorns, and, starting some lour miles out, I struck a tangent .so as to clear the bend of Swan Creek and dive under the Canal just aliovo the locks, showing a deep l^lue clay cut for three- quarters of a mile. This i)roject looked large in those r our benefit ; but I have not been able to discover any aet in their former policy to justify such conclusion. Finally, the Railroad Company applied to the United States Court at Pittsburgh for pro- tection from the mob, when was issued a decree enjoining all persons from molesting the Com- pany in repairing their track. This process was resisted, and as soon as the bridge at Harbor Creek was repaired, it was again torn down by the mob of citizens. Citations vvere then issued to offenders, to show cause why attachment should not issue against them for contempt. One Kilpatrick was arrested and committed by the Court, but the mob continued its work. Mayor Lowry and one or two others were then arrested, but before the United States Marshal could make return of .service, he was himself arrestetl by the Erie authorities, on the ground of false imprisonment in serving the process of the United States Court, and committed to jail and compelled to give bail in a large amount. The mob severely beatayoung man for taking notes of their operations. The Court then appealed to President Pierce, for aid in enforcing its process. The result was favorable to the Railroad Company ; the change of gauge soon was made, without further re- sistance ; the " Erie Gauge War " was over ; and that Cit^^ took its place Avith the other law- abiding Stations of the line. With the serious side of this matter, was the ludicrous and amusing one. The case came to be popularly known as the "Erie Peanut War," so called from the prominence therein of the trade of huckstei'S, who sought to furnish trav- elers with food and othei- su])plies. This idea, by a poet of the time was embodied in verse, as follows : C.\KES TO SELL ! (As Sting by Erie Hucksters.) Here your nice, sweet cakes ! Two for a penny ! Here's cakes, sw'eet cakes ! How many ? how many ? We must sell and you must buy To get our li\'lng— try them, try ! Stop the thousands rushing past ! They have no right to go so fast. When here's your nice, sweet cakes. Here's your nice, sweet cakes ! Two lor a penny ! Here's your cakes, sweet cakes ! How many '/ how many ? We must sell and you must buy ; We must live or you must die ! When our kind pursuasion fails. Burn the bridges ! break the rails! For here's your nice, sweet cakes ! Here's your nice, sweet cakes ! Two for a penny ! Here's your cakes, sweet cakes ! How many'.' how many'i* We must bake, and you must buy- Now you'll be obliged to try. Every traveler through the land Must" leave a penny on this staud — For here's your nice, sweet cakes I Here's your nice, sweet cakes I Two for a penny I Here's your cakes, sweet cakes ! How many ? how many '.^ We have baked and you must eat — Here's a man shot in the street! Now, we're sure the rushing mass Will drop their coppers as they pass— For here's your nice, sweet cakes ! RAILWAYS. 411 THE OHIO RAILROAD PROJECT. Tin' first movemerit looking' to tbo ortiistruc- tioii of a Kailroiul along tliu .Soutlieru Shore ol Lake Erie, was that of the OhioEailrr)a(l Com- pany, whose charter bears date of March S, 183(). The enterprise originated cliiefly with parties in Cleveland and in Oiiio East of that City. The charter was obtained largely through the efforts of Nehemiah Allen, then a Eepresentative from Geauga County, who be- came tiie President of the Compan}-. The plan contemplated a Railway from the Pennsylvania line to the Maumee Eiver, Man- hattan being the Western terminal point. The terms of the charter were what would now be regarded as highly favorable, since, in addition to other liberal fi'auchises, as in the case of the Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad Company, it con- ferred upon the Company Banking privileges, an advantage far more highlj^ prized in those days, than it would now be. But in addition to this important aid, which was fully utilized, the enterprise had the benefit of what came to be known as the " Plunder Law," by which the State was pledged to furnish its bonds to the extent ofone-half of whatever amounts Rail- way, Turnpike and Canal Companies should report as received on stock subscriptions for their respective works; thus making the State one-third owner in all such enterprises. There being no ]iro])er restriction as to the manner of ])ayments of subscriptions, much looseness was practiced in that connection — real estate, labor and other materials olten being taken at fabu- lous rates, the higher being the better for the Company, since such payments furnished basis for corresponding amountsof State subscription. It could hardly be a matter of surprise, that under such extraordinary inducement, schemes and projects of all sorts should be devised. - When this unfortunate act was repealed, the State had contributed to vai'ious enterprises under its jirovisions as follows: For Railroads — Mad River and Lake Erie (San- dusky to Dayton), !|2!i?,,0.50 ; Little Miami (Dayton to Cincinnati), 1121,900 ; Vermillion and Ashlan.d(mouth of Vermillion River to Ashland), $4S,4-')0— Road never built ; Sanduskv and Man.sticld, i:i.3,oo3 ; Ohio Kail- mad, $24!i,0lHI. 'Total for Railroads, $745,733. For Turn])ikes— $2,479,558. Total, |3,21o,291. The cost of Canals to same date, $1.'), 320, 898. Grand total of investments named to 1845, -f 18,- o3t),189. The Ohio Railroad Company was organized at Paincsville, April 25, 183C, when subscrip- tions of stock to a considerable amount were received, which were subsequently, from time to time, increased. The corporators were R. Harper, Eliphalet Austin, Thomas Richmond, a. W. Card, lleman Ely, John W. Allen, John C Camp, P. M. Weddell, Edwin Byington, James Post, Eliphalet Redington, Charles C. Paine, Storm Rosa, Rice HariDer, Henry Phelps, H. J. Rees. The first subscription to the stock of the Comjiany was made atNorwalk, between April 25lh and May 5, 1880, and amounted to $108,- 500, of which $28,425 was lejwrted as paid in cash. November 10, 18H7, $751,800 was sub- .scribed at Willoiighby, Lake County. January 24, 18:58, $508,151 was added, of which (ieo. W. Card, for himself and others, took S240,()()(), in- cluding $(i4,000 for the Maumee Land and Rail- road Company at Manhattan, and other sums ranging from $3,400 to $28,000. The line of the proposed Ohio Railroad ex. tended from the Pennsylvania State line to the Maumee River at Manhattan, a distance of 177 miles, Cleveland, Sandusky and I^'romont being points thereon. The plan of construction was as follows : A si>aoe 100 feet wide was cleared. For the track, 112 piles, and l,0.5(i ties per mile were used— the for- mer varying from 7 to 28 feet in length (according to the sueface of the ground), and froui 12 to Ui inches in diameter ; while the ties were nine feet long and eight inches in diameter. The piles were driven by a machine, consi.sting of two sills 30 or 40 feet long, placed parallel at a distance of seven feet, that being the width of the track. At the forward end of these .sills were erected four timbers, termed " leaders," 30 feet high, between which, on each side, the iron hammers, weighing 1,000 pounds each, were raised and let fall upon the piles. A circular saw attached to a shaft projecting between the leaders, cut the pile to the proper grade, when the driver was moved and the operation repeated. These machines employed eight men, and drove about 40 piles per day, covering some 20 rods in dis- tance. Upon the heads of each pair of piles was fitted a tie, 8x8 inches, in which a gain was cut nine inches wide and four deep, the tie bemg pinned down through this gain with a two-inch cedar pin ; but before this was done, half a pint of salt was de- posited in the augur-hole of each pile, which, per- meating the wood, was expected materially to pre- serve the .same from decay. A locomotive saw-mill, upon the track and behind the pile-driver, attendetl by three men, jirepared the rails at the rate of 900 lineal feet per day. These rails or .stringers were 8x8 inches and 15 feet long. On the wood stringers thus provided were to be placed iron (".strap ") rails, of the weight of 25 tons to the mile. Belund all, upon tfie prepared track, was a boarding-house, for the work-hands, which moved with the rest of the establishment. The following was the estimated cost of the Road, per mile, as made by Cyrus Williams, Chief Engineer, to wit: 42,S40 feet Chestnut sills at $7perM - $ 195 68 .3ti,'.l50 feet white wood rails at SIO 360 50 1,7B0 white oak ties lit aoc 352 00 (iOO splicing liloeks at lie :« 00 3,520 white oak wedges at $5 per M 17 00 25 tons iron plate at S80 2,000 00 1,414 spikes at 9c , 127 20 420 pounds end plates at 8c :i"i tiO Labor laying down Road 000 00 Total cost of one mile S3,831 74 The Chief Engineer said of the plan : The superstructure is contemplated to be of the usual form used in New York and Xew Jersey, having a rail plate of 25 tons to the mile. The graded surface to be 24 feet wide in embankments, and 3(1 feet in excavations, witli a slope of IJi hori- A\2 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. zontal to one vertical, liaving the proper ditches tlirougli the excavations. The large streams and valleys are estimated to be passed by wooden via- iliicts; in those that are of importance the timber and fraiuin" to be completely protc^ctcd from the weather. Tlie small ones will be built in a simple form, as per plan, and can he replaced when decay- ing by earth embankments and stone arclies, which, with "the facilities alForded by the Koad for convey- ing materials, can be done at less expense than at present. The estimated cost of tlie entire Road, with double ti-aek, buildings, &c., was $2,053,676, or 816,000 per mile. Tlie first jiilo was driven at a jjoint near the present Lake Shore station at Fremont, June 19, 1839. The work was ]iroseeuted mainly between that ijoint and Manhattan, and to some extent Eastward to- ward Olevftland, with tlie hope of completing that portion (110;f miles) in the spring of 1842, when connection was to be made at Sandusky with the Mad River and Lake Erie (now the Indiana, Burlington and Western) Road, then comjilcted as far Soutli as Tiffin ; also connec- tion with the Erie and Kalamazoo Road at Toledo, and with roads projected from Man- hattan to Monroe and Detroit. The condition of affairs as to facilities for transportation at the West at that time, is shown by the Chief Engineer's showing of traffic which the Road was expected to secure, to wit; The Road will receive travel— 1st. From the Ohio River, by the Mad River and Lake Erie Railroad. 2d. From Missouri and Illinois, by the Terre Haute and Alton, and the Peoria and Logansport Railroad ; through the Wabash and Erie Canal and Railroad ; .3d. From Chicago, through the Wabash and Erie Canal. 4th. From Evansville and Indianapolis, by Railroad and the AVabash and Erie Canal, .jtli. From Evansville, by the Indiana and Wabash and Erie Canals. Gth. From Lake Michigan, by the Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad. 7th. From Detroit, by the Detroit, Monroe, Huron and Manhattan Railroad. As already mentioned, the Western terminus of this Road was Manhattan, at that time an active and vigorous rival of Toledo, but now constituting a part of that City. ' The Road was to cross the Maumee River "at that point, and there connect with the proposed Detroit Railroad. Of the work accomplished March 22, 1842, the Chief Engineer said : The superstructure from the Maumee River to Lower Sandusky (Fremont) 29 miles, is now com- plftod. On the line between Lower Sandu.sky and Huron (:!3 miles), there are less than three mi'les of lilies yet to drive ; and to complete the 62 miles, it will require an additional expenditure of $41,808, of which )s;l0,850 will be required for the Sandu.sky River bridge at Lower Sandiiskv. The 47 miles be- twecMi Huron and Cleveland, was put under contract in December last, and over one-third of the work is now completed. The Directors, in March, 1842, published a statement of the financial condition of the Company, which showed its indebtedness to consist of orders drawn on its Treasurer out- standing (in circulation), $37,694 ; due to con- tractors, $30,274.82 : to depositors (in Banking office), $5,903.72; total indebtedness, $73,872.- 54. Its assets consisted of real estate in Ash- tabula, Lake, Cuyahoga. Erie, Sandusky, Ottawa and Lucas (received mainly on stock subscriptions), $154,220; duo from ihe State, $152,251.52. These made a total of $305,471 ; and left a balance of $231,598.98, be.side $32,110 worth of machinery. The President had been authorized to sell the lands for the purpose of jiaying the debts. The managers continued their efforts to keep the work alive until the spring of 1843, when oj)erations wholly ceased, without a mile of track being completed. It was generallj' looked upon as the scheme of visionaries, and its management in no small degree ju.stitied such view ; and yet, it was only 10 years from the date of its collapse, to the actual opening of the Cleve- land and Toledo division of the present Lake Shore Road. It was easy enough afterwards to see how, by concentrating effort, the line between the Maumee and Sandusky Rivers might have been comjileted, and success thus assured; but the Comjianj^ had to deal with too many points jealous of each other, and was thus led to scatter its resourees and invite the fiiilure which followed. Subsequent investigation bj' the Auditor of State revealed a condition of things essentially different from that represented b}- the Direc- tors. It was found that the aggregate of stock subscriptions was $1,991,776 ; of which sum only $13,980 was paid in cash ; $8,000 to$10,000 being in labor and material, and $5.33,776 in lands and town lots. On such basis, State bonds had been issued to the Company to the amount of $249,000. Samples were given by the Auditor showing that the values jjlaced on the real estate received by the Company were altogether fabulous. For instance, the " Lord farm," in Brooklyn Township, Cuyahoga County, put in at $33,300, stood on the tax list at $3,748, with a mortgage on itofS4,00oscd early in 1869, that the City inaugurate a plan for relief, by constructing what should be an independent trunk-lino of Railroad to the Southeast, and to a distance sufficient to be attractive and useful as an inlet for Railroads seeking connection with the City, with the be- lief that, with the important matter of terminal facilities thus provided, the desired lines would be secured. To this end, the plan was agreed upon, to construct a Raili-oad from the North- ern boundary line of the State, through the City, to the Village of Woodville, Sandusky County, a distance of 22i miles, which should be held availal>le for any and all Roads which might desire to use it. Extending to the Michigan line on the North, its attractions to Roads from that direction would be tiic same as to those from the South and East. Pur- suant to such plan, authoi'ity was obtained from the Legislature for a vote b}' the electoj-s of Toledo ujjon the issue of 20-year City bonds to the amount of f-150,000, for the purpose of constructing such Road. The vote on that question was taken July 6, 1869, with the fol- lowing result: Total vote, 3,424; For the Railroad, 3,368 ; against the Railroad, 56 ; majority for the Road, 3,312. The manage- ment of the work was b}' law placed in the hands of five Trustees, to be appointed by the Court of Common Pleas of Lucas County, and Judge John Fitch selected for that pur- pose, Horace S. Walbridge, Charles F. Curtis, Charles A. King, William Kraus and Josiah D. Cook, who organized by the choice ol Mr. Walbridge as President, Edgar H. Van Hoesen acting as Secretar}-. Employing J. H. Sargent, an experienced Civil Engineer, the Trustees had the line of the proposed Road surveyed, profiled and mapped. April 10, 1870, a con- tract for the construction of the Road was made with J. Edwin Conant. Financial em- barrassments prevented the contractor from prosecuting the work according to agreement, and in December following the contract was surrendered. May 4, 1871, the Trustees made a contract with the Baltimore and Ohio, Toledo and Michigan Railroad Company and the Mansfield, Coldwater and Lake Michigan Rail- road Company, to pay for right of way and depot grounds and build the Road, including a good and substantial Railroad bridge across the Maumee River, for 1425,000 in City bonds, the work to be completed within 18 months. The contractors had an agreement with the Penn.sylvania Comj)anyto iron the Road, build depots, machine sho])8 and do all other things needful to a first-class Railroad. The Road was leased to the contracting parties for 999 years, the}- to pay as rent the same percentage on 1400,000 as the dividends paid to prelerretl stockholders of the Road connecting with the Toledo and Woodville Railroad, Southerly, not exceeding 7 per cent, per annum. The prog- ress of the work not being satisfactory to the Trustees, June 11, 1872, they accepted a con- tract from the Pennsylvania Company, guar- anteeing the completion of the work. After a delay of some months beyond the contract time (January 1, 1873), the Southern (Woodville) section of the Road was formall}' opened for traffic May 1, 1873. The Road had then been leased to the Pennsylvania Comjjanj' on sub- RAILWAYS. 417 stantially tho same terms as the contract with the previous parties. Under such agreement, the Pennsylvania Comyiany completed tiie Ivoad lliruugliout (from Woodville to the Miciii- gan line), and used the section to Woodville, in connection with its system of JIailways, and that of the Pennsylvania Railroad Companj', thus furnishing Toledo tho important advan- tages of such extensive facilities, embracing the much-needed competing line to the Sea- board. In 1878, live years' experience tailing fully to meet the expectations of either our citizens or the Pennsj'lvania Comyiany, the matter of the more complete transfer by actual sale of the Eoad to that Company, was dis- cussed, the latter offering to pay $225,(100 for the pro[)erty, to be held without conditions of any sort. After free discussion, the City Coun- cil, with much unanimity, voted to accept such offer, and in June, 1878, the sale was perfected. Soon thereafter the jiurchaser proceeded to make permanent depot imjjrovements at Toledo and otherwise put the line in substantial con- dition, the result soon becoming very gener- ally satisfactory to tlie i)eople of Toledo. The first train (27 cars of grain) b}' this line for Philadelphia left Toledo February 2, 1874, which was the inauguration of a traffic with the East of much advantage to Toledo. The total cost to the City for this Eailroad, was $448,133; of which $425,000 was paid for con- struction of Road, including $39,500 for right of way; and $51,683 for depot grounds. As results of this enterprise, Toledo promoted several important Railway outlets. On the South, beside tlie Ponnsj'lvania connection, is the Columbus, Hocking Valley and Toledo ; and on tho North, the Deti-oit and Canada Southern, the Toledo, Ann Arbor and North Michigan, and the Ohio and Michigan (now Cincinnati, Jackson and Mackinaw) Road. Thus, by the timely sagacity and enterprise shown in the construction of 22-i miles of Rail road, was repeated the history of tlie 33 miles of like improvement to Adrian, 50 years ago, by which infant Toledo was given a start, and a prestige, which have largely directed its for- tunes throughout subsequent years. Aside from its water communication, no other causes have contributed more to the City's permanent growth, than have the Erie and Kalamazoo and the Toledo and Woodville Railroads. THE OHIO CENTRAL RAILWAY. In June, 1869, the Atlantic and Lake Erie Railroad Company was incorporated, for the construction of a Railroad between Pomeroy and Toledo, a distance of 235 miles, with Fos- toria, Bucyrus, Mt. Gilead, New Lexington and Athens as intermediate points. In December, 1879, the Companj^'s property M'as sold, and the purchasers reorganized under the name of the Ohio Central Railroad Comjiany, .when a consolidation of the same with tbe Sunday Greek Valley Railroad Company, was effected. November 5, 1880, a branch from Corning to Shawnee, in Perry County, was determined upon. November 15, 1880, the contractors turned the Road over to the Company, and January 1, 1881, there were in operation, 65 miles, from Corning to Columbus, and 148 from Bush's Station to Toledo, making a total of 213 miles. September 29, 1883, the Road passed into the hands of a Reci^ivci- by order of Court, ami re- mained in such charge until April 15, 1885, when it was sold, being jiurchased by a com- mittee of bondholders. A new organization was then effected, under the name of the Toledo and Ohio Central Railway Company, which now (1887) continues its management. In August, 1886, the Com|)any leased a por- tion of the Kanawha and Ohio Railroad, which it now operates. This is one of the important linos of Toledo Railways, being eminently a " Coal Road." Its traffic is mainly with Michigan andCanada, to which coal, in rapidly increasing quantities, is being forwarded by rail and water. As a source of supply for Toledo, it is important. The general officers of the Company are (1887) as follows: President, Stevenson Burke; Secretary and Treas- urer, John F. Kline ; General Manager, J. M. Ferris ; Auditor, ,]. Landgraf, Jr.; Superintendent, T. M. Peelar; General I'reight and Ticket Agent, Hudson Fitch ; Chief Engineer, Clifibrd Buxton ; General Counsel, A. W. Scott. THE WHEELING AND LAKE ERIE RAILROAD. In April, 1871, a Corapanj' was chartered to build a line of Railroad between Wheeling and Toledo. A supplemental charter for the lluron Branch was afterward granted. Work was commenced in 1874, and continued under financial difficulties in 1875, a consider- able amount of grading and tunneling being done on the Eastern portion of the line. About this time a contract was made with Walter Shanloy, of Hoosac Tunnel fame, for tbe con- struction of the entire work, but no active measures followed ; and another contract was marde with H. B. Willson, who, in 1877, laid 12^ miles of narrow gauge track between Norwalk and Huron, and c()nimenced to op- erate it. In 1878 C. H. Jenkins was appointed Re- ceiver. In September, 1879, a contract was made with C. R. Griggs for constructing a standard-gauge Road, when work was resumed near the close of 1880. On January* 9, 1882, the Road was opened from Massillon to Huron, 86 miles; and on August 24, 1882, the first passenger train was run from Toledo to Valley Junction, 157 miles. In December, 1884, an extension of lOi miles to Sherrodsville was opened; and one j'car later a further extension of seven milesreacbed 4V8 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. the present terminus at Bowerston, where con- nection is made with the Pan Handle Road. In 1883 the Company failed to pay the in- terest on its honds, and in July, 1884, M. D. Woodford was appointed Ecceiver. On Jan- uary 13, 188(1, a decree of sale was entered, under which ilie Road was sold April 2:-!, 1886. On July 1st following, the propei'ty passed into the hands of the Wheeling and Lake Erie Rail- way-Company, wliich was organized June 25th preceding. The Toledo Bell Iiail'.^aj", extending from Ironville 4^ miles up the River to the Cincin- nati, llamilton and Dayton Railroad, washuilt and is owned by the Wheeling and Lake Erie Company. The chief objects of this Road have been to open more direct communication between To- ledo and the seaboard via Wheeling, West Vir- ginia, and to provide facilities for the supply of coal from the extensive fields of Eastern Ohio, to the large and increasing markets of Toledo, and of Michigan and Canada. In these ]jur- j)0se8 the enterprise has been of great value, with prospects of constant increase in the same. Steps are now (1887) in progress which no doubt will soon secure the extension of the Company's line from Bovversto^vn to Wheeling, when the original aim of the enterpri.se will have been more fully attained. The present officers of the Comjjanv are : Piesiik'nt— George J. Forrest, New York. Vice President— D. E. Garrison. 8t. Loui.s. Secretary— K. B. Allen, New York. GeueralManager— M. U. Woodford, Toledo. Assistant General Manager — W. K. Woodford, Toledo. xVuditor — S. H. Ayers, Toledo. Casliier— A. H. Tliorp, Toledo. General Freight Agent- A. (i. Blair, Toledo. General Passenger Agunt— James M. Hall, Toledo. Cfiief Engineer— C. A. Wilson, Toledo. TOLEDO, CANADA SOUTHERN AND DETROIT RAILWAY COMPANY. This Company was formed by consolidating the Detroit and State Ijine Railroad Company of Jlichigan, organized February 21, 1872, and the Junction Raili'oad Company of Ohio; ter- mini, Toledo and Detroit, 58 miles. The former was to construct a Railroad from Detroit to the Ohio State line, 51 miles, and the latter a Road from Toledo to the Michigan State line, 7 mile.s. The consolidated Road became partot the Can- ada Southern Railway system in 1874, and was so operated until the latter passed under the control of the Michigan Central Railroad Com- pany, January 1, 1883, by which it has since been operated. TOLEDO, ANN ARBOR AND NORTH MICHIGAN ROAD. In October, 1869, the Toledo, Ann Arbor and Northern Railway Company was organized, to build a Railroad from the Michigan and Ohio State line to Ann Arbor, and thence to Owosso, Michigan. Work on the line adopted was com- menced and prosecuted with more or less energy, until 1874, when, as the result of finan- cial embarrassment, the property' was sold. In 1872, the Toledo and State Line Railroad Com- panj- was organized to Imild a Road from To- ledo to the Michigan Slate line; which Ijeing accomjilished, it was leased to the Pennsylva- nia Railroad Company, which already had leased the Toledo and Woodville Road. In 1878, the Toledo, Ann Arlior and Northeaslei'n Railroad C'om])any was organized, to liuild a Road from Ann Arbor to Pontiac. In 1880, this corporation was consolidated with the Toledo and Ann Arbor Company, under the name of the Toledo, Ann Arbor and Grand Trunk Rail- road Companj-, which then OAvned and operated the line from Toledo to Pontiac, via Ann Arlior, a distance of 82 miles. The Toledo, Ann Arbor and North Michigan Railroad Com])any was organized in 1884, and is now in operation. TOLEDO, COLUMBUS & SOUTHERN RAILWAY. As early as 1845 a charter was obtained from the Ohio Legislature for a Com])an_y to c(ju- struct a Railroad from Perr3-sburg to Bellefbn- laine via Findlay; but no definite results wei'c reached. Upon the location of the Dayton and Michigan Road, it was proposed to make Findlay a point 'on the same, but so much opposition to such action was shown at tlial place, that the line was run West to Lima and thus increa.scd in length. Like result attentlcd a proposition of the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne ;ind Chicago Companj' to make Findlay a point, the line being driven South through Marion, Kenton and Lima. The ground of such ojijio- sition consisted in the fact, that Findlay alread\' had Railwa}' connection through the Cai'cy Branch of the Mad River Road (Sandusky to Dayton), and that was all the facilities of that class the majority of the people wished. When the question of direct Railway connection be- tween Toledo and Columbus was discussed in 1870, two lines were jn-oposed — the Eastern, known as the Columbus and Toledo, and the Western, known as the Toledo and Columbus Road. Local aid was voted to both lines, under what was known as the "Adair Law," wliich being declared unconstitutional, such subscrip- tions failed, when the Eastern line was con- structed with private capital. In 1881, the projict for a Railroad from Toledo to Indian- apolis, Indiana, with Findlay as a point, was pro])osed. A Company was organized, and the line completed to Findlay in May, 1883. The Company was reoi'ganized in March, 1885, under tiie name of the Toledo, Columbus and Southern Railroad Company, and the line has been in active ojieralion since that time. Its gross earnings of $36,000 for the first year have nicrea.sed to the rate of ?200,OO0 for 1888. The location of the Road makes it a dividing line PERSONAL SKETCHES. 419 botweou 30(1 oil wells on the West and 50 gas wulls on the East, thus giving it spct-ial advantages for the traffic growing out of those great interests. The otfiucrs of the Company for 1S8S are: Directors— T. P. J5rown, W. t. Walker, J. II. Doyle, A. W. Scott, .1. F. Cline, of Toledo; aiid,I."F. Burket,of Findlay. Pres- ident and General Manan'cr, T. P. Brown ; Vice President, W. T. Walker; Treasurer, A. W. Scott; General Counsel, J. II. Doyle. The officers of the Toledo and Indianapolis L'ompany were — President and Treasurer, T. P. Brown; Vice President, W. T. Walker; Secretary, J. F. Burket. THE TOLEDU, SAGINAW AND MUSKEGON RAILWAY. The Toledo, Saginaw and Muskegon Rail- wax' Coni])anv was organized December, 1886, with the following stockholders : J. M. Ashley, Toledo, Ohio; Wm. Baker, Toledo, (Jhio; Jno. Cummings, Toledo, Ohio ; D. Robison, Jr., Toledo, Ohio; E. Middleton, Greenville, Mich- igan ; L. G. Mason, Muskegon, Michigan. David Robison, Jr., was elected President and Wm. Baker, Secrotarj- and Treasurer. The Road as now built extends from Ashley^, on the Toledo, Ann Arbor and North Michigan Railway, to Muskegon, on Lake Michigan — a distance of 95.8 miles. The general offices of the Companj' are lo cated at Muskegon, and the following are its jireseiit officers : David Robison, Jr., President ; W. V. McCracken, Vice President and General Manager; J. F. Pennington, Secretary; B. F. liced, Su])erintendent ; J. K. McCracken, Au- ditor and G. F. and P. Agent. THE SWAN CREEK RAILROAD. This Road was projected in 1875, by Conrad Huberich and Emil Richers. Mr. Huberich was a resident of Texas at the outbreak of the Rebellion, and being a citizen loyal to the Gov- ernment of the United States, found it expe- dient to withdraw from Texas, when he came lo Toledo. Soon thereafter he purchased of Peter Lenk, with gold at 180 per cent, pre- mium, a large tract of land, lying along Swan Creek (Northwest side). This purchase was made with the view of giving the proi^erty Railwaj' facilities in addition to its water con- nection, and thus to promote both lumber traflSc and manufactures. The enterprise met with substantial encouragement, and the work of construction commenced in the Spring of 1876, and the Road opened for traffic in August fol- lowing. The line started at Division Street, and ran along and near Swan Creek to Air-Line Junction of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad, with which Road connection was made. < )n the organization of the Swan Creek Railroad Company, Mr. Huberich was elected President, and Mr. Richers Seci-etary. For a few years the traffic of the Road, owing to a lack of business along its line, was small. The managers tried to extend the Road down Ilainilton Street and along Erie, but for lack of right of wav were not successful in such jiur- pose. In 1881, the Road passed into the hands of Mr. Carl F. Braun, when the ('om]iany was re-organized, with Mr. Bi'aun as i'residtuit, anntaine and Indiana; S. L. M. Barlow, Ohio and Mi.ssissippi ; J. M. Smith, Indiana Central. Under the time-table agreed upon, a train left Now York at 6 A. m.; reaehed Buffalo at 8 p. .M.; Toledo at 9:20 a. m., and Ciiieago at U P. M. — time, ;-$(! hours. Leavincr Chicago at 5 A. M. passengers readied New York at 3 p. m. the next day, or within 34 hours. This ar- rangement did not ])rovide for through trains, as now run, but only for connections of Eoads. At the same time the Freight Agents of the several Koads made arrangements for Freight Express Trains from Boston and New York to the Mississippi. A Convention of proprietors and managers of Ohio Eailways was held at Columbu.s, Sei^tem- ber 23, 1857, of which George W. Kobin.sou was President, and B. S. Flynt and Gcoi-go Barnes, Secretaries. The following named representa- tives were present : Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago— G. W. Cass, President; J. H. Moore, Superintendent; Geo. W. Robinson, Freight Agent. Cleveland and Pittsburg — J. Durand, Superin- tendent. Columbus, Piqna and Indiana — John M. Watkins, Superintendent ; Geo. W. Fulton, B. Walkup. Cleveland and Toledo— E. B. Phillips, Superin- tendent. Cleveland and Erie— William Case, President ; H. Nottingham, Superintendent. Chioand Mississippi— AndrewTallcott, President ; Wm. II. Clement, Sui)erintendent ; P. W. Strader, General Ticket Agent. Cincinnati, Wilmington and Zanesvillc — Joseph J. Jest. Terre Haute and Richmond — E. J. Peck. Steubeuville and Indiana — Thouuis S. .lewett. President; W. W. Bugley, Superintendent. Bufl'alo and Erie — R. N. Brown, Superintendent. ]ndi;iiia Central and Uayton and Western — James M. Siiiilh. Mad River and Lake Erie-C. C. Dennis, Sui>erin- tendent ; John M. Osborn, General Freight Agent. Toledo, Wabash and Western — Warren Colburn, Vice President; George H. Burroughs, Superin- tendent. Indianapolis and Cincinnati— H. C. Lord, Presi- dent. Cleveland and Mahoning— Chas. L. Rhodes, Vice- President and Superintendent. Marietta and Cincinnati— George Barnes, Superin- tendent; John Foggett, General Ticket Agent; S. T. DeFord, General Freight Agent. Little Miami— Captain Jacob Strader, President; J. N. Kinney, General Freight Agent. Columbus and Xenia— Widiam Dennison, Jr., President ; Robert Neil. Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati— L. M. Hub- by, President ; E. S. Flynt, Suiierintendent ; AildLson Hills, General Freight Agent ; II. C. Marshall, Gen- eral Ticket Agent. Central Ohio— D. G. Gray, General Freight Agent ; J. W. Baldwin. Michigan Central — George Williams, General Agent. Chicago, Burlington and Quincy — C. G. Ham- mond, General Superintendent. Galena and C. W. — P. A. Hall, General Sujjerin- tendent. Bellel'ontaine Line — John Brough, President ; E.S. Spencer, General Freight Agent. Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton — C. C. Dennis. JetJ'ersonville — P. E. Sickles, Master of Transpor- tation. ( The matter of Railway management in many of its rletails was considered, and many regu- lations in respect thereto were adojiled. Annjng others, it was decided to grant passes only to "employes and persons or agents in the regular service of the Company, and for charitable purposes." It was at first voted to limit the speed of short Roads to 2(i miles per hour for Da3' Express trains; 22 miles for Mail trains; and 24 miles for Night Expresses, including stops ; with the privilege of longer (or Trunk) lines to run as fast as thej' pleased ; but this was reconsidered and dropped. In October, 1857, Stock rates were as follows : East St. Louis to Buffalo (per car) $170 for Cattle, and |Uo for Hogs; from Chicago, $12.5 and flOo; from Indianapolis, #105 and if 90. Short distances- Under 10 miles, (iO cents per mile ; 40 miles, 35 cents ; 100 miles, 21' cents ; over 100 miles, 20 cents. JAMES B. MONROE was born at Lewiston, Canada, near Niagara Falls, November 10, 1826, where his parents were temporarily re- siding In 1834 the family removed to San- duskj', Ohio. Here was spent the balance of the son's childhood and his youth, and here he began the business life which was long and so successfully prosecuted. His advent in self- support was as a Clerk in the general mercan- tile establishment of Hubbard tV: Co., in which position he continued until placed in charge of the Warehouse of the same firm, including a large freight and grain business. With CI. Henry Peck, he established the Dry Goods house of Monroe & Peck, which soon became specially prominent and successful, and for manj' j'cars commanded its full share of the best trade of Sandusky and neighboring coun- try and Towns. In variety and quality of stock it was not excelled by anj' store. In 18b2, desiring a change of business, Mr. Monroe accei)ted the position of Solicitor of Freight for the l)a\ton and Michigan Railroad, and as such was soon so far successful, that he was a)i- pointed Agent of that Road at Dayton. And such was his success in that position and the development of his special capacitj' for liailw ay business, that in 18ti3, ho was appointed Local Agent of the Dayton and Michigan and Cin- cinnati, llaniilton and Dayton Railroads at To- ledo, to which City he then removed. Ilesoon became the General Agent of these Roads. Not long thereafter he beeaine interested in and the Manager of the Grain Elevators of these Roads ?^^^ I I 1 RAIL WAYS. 421 at Toledo, which relation he sustained until his retirement from active inisiness, caused by fail- ing lu'aitli, in 1884. Throughout more than 20 years of Ivuihva}' connection lie maintained tiie character of an able, discreet and efficiiint man- ager, witii i-esulls specially profitable to the interests committed to ids ciiarge. It may justly be stated, that he had in Toledo no su- ])crior in that respect. He was a member of the Toietlo Board of Trade and of tiie Toledo Produce Kxciuinge for about 211 years, serving repeatedly as Director and Vice President of the latter. While thus constant in devotion to busine.ss cares, he was not unmindful of social and other relations and res]3onsibilities. For several terms he served as vestryman and as Treasurer of Trinitj' Church, Toledo, as he also did as member of the Advisory Board of the Home for Friendless Women ; while the cause of the poor and needy, without distinction to creed or nationality, ever met a ready welcome at his hands. In ISTlI he jjurchased a very pleasant Villa at Put-in Bay, including a Grapery of 20 acres, which he has cultivated to high degree, and wliich has produced some of the choicest fruit of the Island. Since such purchase, Mr. Monroe and family have made that their Summer home, where have been dis- pensed .social hospitalities with special liberal- ity. Mr. Monroe was married at Norwalk, Ohio, July 24, 1849, with Miss Mary J. Morse. They have had two children — Clara, who died in childhood, and Minnie, wife of Captain John J. IlunUer, of the United States Navy. THEOPHILUS P. BROWN was born at Whately, Franklin County, Massachusetts, January 5, 1835, being the fourth of a family of ten children. His parents, yet living in Massachusetts, and now over 85 3-ears of age, are George and Almira Brown. They are of the ti'ue Puritan stock. The father of the mother was a Soldier of the War of 1812-15. The early advantages of the son, outside a true Christian parentage, were limited, and he .soon found himself deijcndent mainly on re- sources to be found witliin himself The father was a tradesman, and the .son learned a trade — that of broom-making, which was his occujia- tion during winters, his summers being em- ployed on the farm. When 18 years old he went to Deerfield Academy, where he .sjicut one year in close study, whereby he was en- abled to gain fair knowledge of the branches most imi)ortant in jiractical life. At the age of 20 years (1855) he started out on life's mis- Hwn, and coming West he stopped at Tecura- seh, Michigan, where he spent three years. In May, 1858, he came to Toledo and at once en- gaged in the Insurance business, in which he continued successfully for a period of 19 years. So long was he connected with the Phoenix Insurance Company of Hartford, Connecticut, that for designation he became to be known as "Phoenix" Brown. In 1870, Mr. Brown devised an enterprise which has given his name a permanent place among tlio ener- getic and pushing citizens of Toledo. His jiian consisteil in the purchase of 100 acres of land adjoining the City, which w'as platted with I'cference to meeting the wants of the large ])opulation with moderate means, specially iiieluiling working classes. To (his end. the lots, in price, were brouglit within I'cach of many who then were liojjcless of homes of their own. The property was known, and is still known as " Brown's Aildition." To make the locality more readily accessible, Mr. Brown con.structcd a Street Ilaihvay two miles in length, which furnished cheap and promjjt communication with other portions of the City. Subsequently, additions were made to the original plat, the whole constituting a most valuable accession to Toledo's accommodations. In 1881, Mr. Brown turned his altentiion E. Lang, Frank W. Baialjridge, Elijah W. Lenderson, Robert Cummiugs and J. K. Hamilton, wlio cliose A. E. Lang as President and Treasurer, and F. W. Baiubridge as Secretary. In Janu- ary, 1885, this corporation was consolidated with others. The Toledo Consolidated Street Rail- way Company — embracing the Toledo Street Railroad, the Adams Street Railroad, the Mon- roe Street Railroad, and the Monroe and Dorr Street Railroad Companies — was organized m January, 1885, with D. E. Bailey, J. E. Bailey, James Dority, Richard Waite and A. E. Lang, as Directors; J. E. Bailey, as Pi'esident; and A. K. Lang, as Secretary. At tliis time (1887), J. E. Bailey is President and Treasurer; and J. Gilniartin, Superintendent. The Metropolitan Street Railway. The Lagrange Street Railway Company was incor- porated ilay 31, 1872, the corporators being H. S. Walbridge, A. E. Maconiber, Wager Swa) ne, Wm. Baker, Edgar H. Van Hoesen and Etlwaril D. Moore. The route of the line was along I^agrauge Street, from Summit Street to the Manliattan Road and Catholic Cemeteries, a distance of over two miles. November 8, 1872, the stockholders organized by electing Geo. Baker as President, and A. E. Macombcr as Secretary of the Company. The Road was completed in October, 1873, equipped with four cars, and was lea«>ed for five years to Melchior Weber, At the end of this lease, the enterprise had so completely failed as a business venture, that it was found impracticable to give it away — franchise, track, cars and privileges. This result was due largelj' to the fact, that real estate investments along the line of the Road, in support of which, largely, it had been built, had not met the confident expectations of the )iroprietors. This outcome was no doubt in great measure due to the general financial pros- tration following the panic of 1873. Another important fiact in the case, consisted in the mis- take of locating the Road's main terminus (at Summit Street) three-fourths of a mile from the business center of the City, with no pro- visioTi for transfer of traffic with the onl\- Rail- road I'eacliing that center. Such W'as the situ- ation in 1878, when Mr. Geo. Baker, in consid- eration of his landed interests on the line, took the Road in hand, confident that it could be made self-sustaining. To this end he mapped out a new route and made other changes, re- sulting in what now is the Metropolitan Street Railway. Early in 1879, he had secured per- mission for the extension of the Road from Lagrange Street, via Bancroft, Cherry and St. Clair, to the corner of Madison, and within 60 days cars were running to Summit Street (cor- ner of Cherry), and in Xoveniber to .Madison. In February, 1881, authority was obtaiiie0 liours from Detroit to .Jonesville ; making the whole time (allowing no deductions for delays) from Toledo to Jonesville via Detroit, from 3G to 54 hours, and in case of non-con- RAILWAYS. 426 in.-tUou at Detroit, 24 hours more. Eight to 10 hours juv occupied between Toledo and Detroit, subject to same causes of delay at tlie latter place. From Tole-stalled in endless muil. No more the coach can go— A lumber wagon takes the road- Alas ! for Neil, Moore Sc Co.! O, for a Railroad, or a road C>f rails, if we but had 'em. To pry the coaches from this mud, That is to be Macadam. Rjiilings there are from man and maid That in the coaches go : But. strangers, let no word be .said About Neil, Moore & Co. ♦Proprietors of the stage-line. CHAPTEE III. PLANK KOADS. IN common with many other sections of the West, Northwestern Ohio for several .years was pervaded by a strong interest in Plank Roads, conimenciug in 1847. As elsewhere, that kind of roadway was accepted as promis- ing most for the development and improve- ment of the country. Very extravagant calcu- lations, based upon equally extravagant esti- mates, were accepted in that connection. These were induced largely by reports received fi'om Syracuse and other points in the State of New York. Thus, Prof Gillespie, of LInion College, showed that the Syracuse and Central Square Plank Eoad was likely to divide |2,850 per mile to its owners during the seven years its hemlock plank were exjjeeted to last. The cost was $1,958 per mile — giving a total profit of 14G per cent., or 21 per cent, per an- num. The editor of the Toledo Blade thought that with proper provision of Plank Roads in Ohio, no other .system of improvement would be necessary. A correspondent of that ])aper (" Sylvania. ") had several articles, one of which was devoted to advocating the construction of a Plank Road from Toledo to Chicago, as preferable to a Railroad. His reasons for such choice were : 1. More than half of the first cost of a Railroad would be paid out at the East. 2. When built, its track could be used only by the Company ; hence, it would be a monopoly. 3. Railroads had a tendency to prevent other good roads from being con- structed along their lines, so that teams are prevented from coming in competition with Railroads in carrying freight and passengers. 4. Railroads consume no coarse grains; neither do they wear out any horses. 5. All matei-ials for a Plank Road would be gathered on its line, and its cost expended there. 6. When finished, it would not be a monopoly, but there would be competition for stages and teamsters. 7. Many horses and wagons would be worn out in doing the business of the Road ; hay and oats would be consumed bj^ said horses, and money paid out the whole length of the Road to landlords for accommodations. 8. The country merchant, instead of calling on his customers for money to pay the Railroad for taking his flour, pork, &c., to market and returning his merchandise, would call on them to do his teaming; and thus he would sell more goods, and his customers would ])ay their store debts without money. The calculation of a committee consisting of four of Sandusky's most prominent and successful business men, in 1848, shows that similar ideas were then prevalent in that City, which at the time was in advance of any other in Northern Ohio in Railway advantages and experience. That committee presented this "sample case" to the people of Sandusky : " Suppose there were a Plank Road and Railroad in full operation at this time between Sandusky and Bucyrus. Assuming the toll on the Plank Road to be one cent per mile— the distance 46 miles — that a wagon and two horses will carry 100 bushels of wheat, which is the usual load for that number of horses, on that kind of road — that the trip can be made in 2^ days, which is a maximum — and that the freight on the Rail- road would be six cents per bushel (which is the lowest it can be carried for the distance), and the price for storage one cent at the start- ing point. The same 100 bushels wheat, which cost $7.00 for tran.sportation to San- dusky on a Railroad, would cost but S3. 50 on the Plank Road— putting the toll at $1.00 and the expenses of the farmer away from home at $1.00 per day, which is high enough." As to results, the same committee showed that a Plank Road running South from Sandusky would divide 25 per cent, per year, and said that their estimates were " not conjectured, but based on the experience furnished by Roads of like kind, and a knowledge of the resources of the country." The rates of toll at Milan (the pioneer Town for Plank Roads in this region) were : For 5 miles — two-horse wagons, loaded, 10 cents ; empty, 5 cents. Single carriages, 1 cent per mile ; double carriages, 2 cents ; for each additional horse, 1 cent. Horse and rider, 1 cent per mile. It was with such information and estimates, that Plank Roads were undertaken in Lucas County, as elsewhere. Tlie first movement here consisted of a meeting at Toledo, Febru- ary 3, 1848, of which James Myers was the Chairman, and Wm. Baker Secretary. Dele- gates were present from vSylvania and other points on the Indiana Road. Upon the ap- pointment of a committee on resolutions, the meeting was addressed by H. D. Mason of Toledo, Wm. M. White of Sylvania, and Mr. Gay of Hillsdale County, Michigan. The re- sult of the meeting was an expression favor- able to the construction of a Plank Road from Toledo to the Indiana State line ; and also, to the Southern portions of Lenawee and Hills- dale Counties, Michigan, provided the requisite local aid be secured; and that the amount [428] PLANK ROADS. 429 authorized by the Legislature ($25,000) in aid of such Road, be furnished by Toledo. The proper coniniittees were appointed, including T. U. Bi'iidbury, D. O. Morton, Thos. Dunlap, J. H. Whitake'r, Simeon Fitch, Jr., E. Haskell and E. B. Brown. Meetings for the promotion of this enter- prise were held at different points. At 8ylva- nia, such meeting was participated in by John U. Pease, Horace C4reeu, P. T. Clark,' H. D. Warren, James White, C. D. Warren and Erastus Morse. In Royalton Township (now i^'ulton County) Messrs. J. W. 8cott and C. A. King, of Toledo, and J. G. Klinck of Rich- field, took part. Meetings were held at West Unity, Williams County; in Araboy ; in Cam- den, and in Brockville, Hillsdale County, Michigan. February 8th, the citizens of Rich- Held, Lucas County, met, with Pliny Sander- son as Chairman, and Oristen Holloway as Secretary, when it was resolved to take S3, 000 stock in the Toledo and Indiana Road, pro- vided it pass through that Township, and John G. Klinck was ap)jointed to hold meetings in promotion of the enterjirise, and L. B Latlirop, Isaac Washburn and Henry H. Fuller, as a committee on the location of the Road. A large meeting was held at West Unity, repre- senting several Counties, February 26, 1848, of which M. D. Hibbard was the President, and George Rockwell and Ahner Aj-res, Sec- i-etaries. A committee, including F. E. Kirt- land, R. A. Howard and W. Trowbridge, of Ijucas, were appointed to present a synopsis of a charter for the proposed Road ; and a committee on resolutions, including Allen AVhite and W. D. Herrick, of Lucas. Among the features of the charter were — its perpe- tuity ; capital stock §150,000—" sufficient to build the Road, with single or double track; " width not to exceed 60 feet, with a track at least 7 feet wide ; the rates of toll not to exceed those charged on the Western Reserve and Maumee Road ; 3 miles of track to entitle to a gate; Toledo to take the $25,000, and each Township through which the Road should pass, S3, 000. Resolutions were adopted favorable to the enterprise, and expressing the belief ' that a double track would be necessary, at lea.st 174 feet wide, to do the business of the route.'' A large meeting was held at Toledo, March 1. 1848, with E. D. Potter in the Chair, and C. M. Dorr as Secretary. C. W. Hill, H. D. Mason, W. J. Daniels, and T. U. Bradbury, constituted a committee on resolutions, whose report favored a main track, to extend through Tremainesville and Sylvania, and thence Westerly on or near the Indiana Road, with such branches as might be deemed best ; and that the Road enter the Cilv on Adams and terminate at Water street. The meeting was addressed by C. W. Hill, James Myers, D. O. Morton, E. B. Brown, H. D. Mason and Dr. Jacob Clark. The first subscription by the City of Toledo to the capital stock of a corporation was that of S25,000 to the stock of tlie Toledo Plank Road Company, authorized by an ordinance passed March 20, 1848. The bonds were to be of S50 each (the same as the stock shares of the Plank Road Company), and it was pro- vided, as an inducement to such subscription by the City, that the bonds should be for the period of three years exchangeable for the stock of the Company. Lyman Wheeler, Daniel Swift, David B. Mooney, Chas. W. Hill and D. O. Morton were appointed to represent the City in all meetings of stockholders of the Company. As already stated, two Roads from Toledo were provided for by the charter. The one, known as the South Branch, was to pass through Springville and Swanton and the Southern tier of Townships now in Fulton County, to West Unity, near the East line of Williams County. The othci', the North Branch, leaving Toledo by Cherry street, passed through Tremainesvillle, crossed Ten Mile Creek on the old United States Turnpike ; thence through the Townships of Washington, Sylvania, Richfield, Amboy, Royalton and Chesterfield, to Morenci, Michigan. The charter authorized the Townships through which tbese lines should pass, to become stock- holders in the Company, upon the vote of their electors to that effect ; and with the exception of Swan Creek on the South and of Chester- field on the North Branch, the several Town- ships voted subscriptions of stock, of from S2,000 to $4,000 each ; while that of Toledo was §25,000. The subscrijjtious made by individuals, and especiall}' in Toledo, were prompt and liberal, ranging from SI, 000 down. On the organization of the Company, Judge James Myers was chosen President. A con- tract was then made with Judge A. V. Steb- bins and Thomas D. Thomas, for building 10 miles of the South Branch, extending from Toledo to Thomas Ward's house on the Maumee Road, in Springfield. P'our movable saw- mills were purchased by the Company for use, one for each Branch of the Road. The work on the North Branch was done by the Company, under the direction of a Mr. Collis- ter, from Norwalk. This line lay through the Cottonwood Swamp, a body of land then sup- posed to be nearly valueless on account of the low and level surface which made it very wet in ordinarj- seasons, but which, like the Black Swamp on the East side of the Maumee, has, through drainage and cultivation, come to be highly productive and valuable. The two lines were prosecuted with much energy to com- pletion to the two ^joints of destination. Beside the means supplied by stock subscriptions by individuals and Townships, bonds were issued, reliance for puiymeut being placed on jjrosjjec- tive receipts. Unfortunately, however, the 430 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. estimates of means fi-om that source were en- tirely too liberal. Those had beeu based largely upon the traffic ol'lilce improvements in "older seetion.s in Ohio, Canada and New York, lint small amounts over expenses were realized in the few years when the road was in good condition; and when, sooner than was expected, heavy repairs were required, the resources were exhausted in that direction. The result was, that after a struggle of 10 or 12 years the Companj' went into the hands of a Receiver, when it soon ceased to be. Suc- ceeding Judge Myers as President, were Henry Bennett, D. O. Morton, John Fitch, and others. The officers of the Companj^ in 1854, were as follows: President and Superintendent, San- ford L. Collins ; Treasurer, Simeon Fitch, Jr.; Secretary, Chas. O'Hara; Directors, S. L. Col- lins, AVm. V. Dewey, Elias Richardson, S. H. Cately, J. 11. Kennedy, C. B. Phillips, Edward Haskell, .Simeon Fitch, Jr., P. H. Shaw, Pat. Carey, Daniel Segur. Beside those already named, there were prominent in the prosecution of the work, John H. Whitaker, Wm. Baker, C. A. King, F. J. King, C. B. Phillips, A. V. Stebbins and others ; and in the Town- ships, S. L. Collins, of Washington ; L. B. Lathrop, of Richtield: Elias Eichardson, of Royalton ; Alauson Briggs, of Chesterfield ; James Baker, of Gorham ; and Messrs. CuUum of Morenci, on the North Branch ; and F. E. Kirtland, of Swanton ; Messrs. Trowbridge, of York; Wilden, of German, and Messrs. Boi'ton, of West Unity, on the South Branch. Beside these, were many also active and helpful in the enterprise, whose names are not remem- bered in that connection. The chief trouble with the movement, as alread}' stated, consisted in the overestimate of traffic on which its managers rested. The country through which it j^assed was largely an unbroken wilderness, a fact highly favor- able in the supply of material for the Eoad, but fatally unfortunate in the very limited business furnished for the Road. While, how- ever, the enterprise was not a success finan- cially for the Company, it was eminently such in the important effect it had in opening and improving the country through which it passed, giving to it advantages of market which otherwise would have been denied it for a long time. In this way, it was a profitable investment for the Townships through which it passed. The same is true of Toledo, which was made the mart of the increased traffic thus produced. Anything like the same spirit of enterprise iu the provision of good roads, would now do for Toledo like good service. Trade, like water, seeks the channels most open to it, and tliat mart is wisest which re- moves most obstructions between itself and the sources of trade. That is what the Plank Roads of the past generation did for Toledo, and is what good Stone Roads would do for the City in the present and coming generations, if judiciously furnished. That such result was not peculiar to Lucas County, the history of Plank Road enterprises in the AVest fully shows. The case of the San- duskj' Road (the Crawford, Seneca and Erie) is in point. With a construction investment of 127,894, the gross receipts for tolls for the year 1851-2, were $4,424 ; with bills receivable, $550 ; cash, $148 ; expense account, $1,480 ; and bills payable, $3,336. Notice was then given, that stock delinquent in installments should be sold at auction. Two facts seem to have been largely against the success of these Roads. 1st. The charge for tolls, while no objection to the comi)aratively few persons who traveled at times of muddy roads, was found to be a very serious matter during: the balance and the main portion of the year, the consequence being, that the other roads were used to large extent, and trips on the Plank Road reduced to the lowest minimum. 2d. The materials of which these Roads were constructed, decayed much faster than was expected, soon involving heavy outlays for repairs. The result was, that few lines ever were replanked, while scarcely any approached the estimates which had induced their construction. In 18CS, what was known as the Tremaines- ville Plank Road, was constructed. It started at the old City line on Cherry street, Toledo ; and also at the same time on what is now Oollingwood Avenue — the two uniting at the junction of those streets; thence, crossing Ten- Mile Creek on the old Turnpike, and following the line of the old North Branch Road for a distance of 5 miles in the direction of Sylvania. This Road was constructed under a law of 18(37, authorizing Plank or Gravel Roads to be constructed by County Commissioners, upon petition of land owners on the routes, the cost to be assessed upon the adjoining property, according to benefits, respectivel}'. The cost of the Tremainesville Road was nearly $21,000, or over $4,000 per mile. It was soon discov- ered, that without better jirovision for keeping the road in repair than was furnished by the law, it must soon disappear by deca}'. To meet this need, the Legislature authorized its trans- fer to the charge of a corporation — the Tre- mainesville Plank Road Company — in which each land-owner was made a stockholder to the amount of taxes paid for the Road. Wm. C. Earl was the first President of this Company ; Samuel Blanchard Treasurer, and John Bladen, Secretary. Mr. Blanchard succeeded Mr. Earl as President. The Company under careful management was financially a success ; while it furnished an excellent thoroughfare of trade for Toledo. At the time it was forced to sur- render its Road it had $5,000 in its treasury. Unfortunately for the Roail, and for all depend- ent upon the facilities it supplied, it was sud- denly closed out by the extension of the Toledo PLANK ROADS. 431 City line so as to include its toll-gate and so $21,000. Since the closing out of that Plank iiiuuli of its line as to render tliereniaininif frac- Road, as stated, a large portion of its route has tiou useless to the Company. Tiir Company been supplied witii a sulistantial graveled road- asked the City for indemnity for such damage, wa}', which furnishes an excellent sui)stitute and in the Court of Common Pleas obtained a for the former thoroughfare. That lioad con- judgment for the same, which was overruled nected with a like improvement at the Michi- by the Supreme Court, causing to the tax-pay- gan State line, and extended to Monroe, and is crs on the line of the Eoad, a loss of about yet maintained. CHAPTER IV. THE TELEGRAPH. THE first line of Magnetic Telegraph in this (the New York and Mississippi Valley Printing CDUutiy, was constructed with an appro- Telegraph Company), and ultimatelj' it became j)riation of §30, 000 made b}^ Congress in 1843, for part of the consolidated Western Union Tele- an experimental line between Washington and graph s3-steni. Baltimore. It was completed in the Summer The Erie and Michigan line extended from of 1844, and the first intelligence of public in. Buffalo, via Cleveland and Toledo, to Detroit; terest transmitted over it was a report of the and thence to Chicago and Milwaukee. The action of the Democratic National Convention, office at Milan, Ohio, was opened in July, 1848, held in Baltimore in July. It took but a short under the management of Je]itha H. Wade, time full^' to demonstrate the success of the en- who was allowed, for himself and .son Randall terprise, and additional lines were constructed (then about 15 years of age), a joint salary of in various directions in the East. §400, to which Mr. Wade added a small income Two years later (184G), two rival lines were from portrait painting, which had been his bus- projected through Northern Ohio, which were iness, as it was of Professor Morse, the origina- opened for use in 1848. The one was that of tor of the Telegraph. The coincidence is the Lake Erie Telegraph Company, under the further shown in the fact, that Mr. Wade manatcement of Hemau B. Ely, of Eochester, took the first daguerreotype West of Buffalo, as New York; and the other, that of the Erie and Professor Morse did the first one in New York. Michigan Telegraph Company, with John J. Mr. Wade, with Colonel Speed, built the line Speed, Jr., and Ezra Cornell, as managers. The between Detroit and Jackson, and the former Lake Erie line was then opened between Buf- was the first manager and operator at the Jack- falo, Pittsburgh and Detroit. Its business was son ofiice. The first operator of this line at not very encouraging at first, as the following Cleveland was A. B. Cornell (since Governor of statement for the month of January, 1849, will New York), a sou of Ezra Cornell, his salary show: being §400 per year. Some of the other offices „_„^, I, • , r. were manned as follows : Offlces. Receipts, Expenses. Buffalo $212 30 $122 51 Monroe, Michigan, S. G. Clark ; salary $200. Kal- Ene 59 86 5.3 86 amazoo, D. F. Howe, $27.5, and one-third of market Ashtabula 19 98 35 99 report (?). Toledo, D. W. C. Rowlev, |400 [but a Cleveland 317 88 283 90 note from the Superintendent, D. F. fillotson, stated Hudson 9 85 28 64 that " the price of the bed and bedding should be Akron 4172 49 60 paid bv him "]. A. G. Luckev was Rowley's assistant Massillon 42 29 80 61 at Toledo. Sandusky, Charles M. Stebbins, |i350. New Lisbon 33 18 29 05 Fremont. G. H. Valentine, $250. Jlaumee City, H. WellsYille 30 22 30 22 C. Hutchiu.son, *250. Buffalo. W. D. Allen, |.iOO ; Pittsburgh 283 94 123 04 E. G. Morgan, |400. Detroit, B. B. Hoyt, |300. Elyria 39 64 37 45 Sandusky 17180 89 95 In a letter to Manager Howe, at Kalamazoo, Toledo 90 45 54 86 Superintendent Tillotson wi-ote : Monroe 32 85 56 10 Detroit 178 91 126 36 I ^i^^ that our Company have a bed, bedding, etc., at your Station. That is a saving to you, probably, $1,564 67 $1202 24 of |30 per annum, which should be conisidered ; other- wise, we had better sell it, as it is a poor kind of assets Among the first Operators of the Lake Erie to pay dividends with to stockholders who have ad- Line, were the following : vanced $110,000 to build the line with. Your salary ($275) should not exceed $200. Many offices with as Buffalo — Mont. Gibbs, Sidney Gibbs. Cleveland — much or more business at the East, are kept up for H. S. Bishop, W. Herrick, S. G". Lynch, Jones ?100 per vear. Pittsburgh— James Bellows. Erie— J. E. Dunn. .. , • , , ,. ,. . Mas.sillon, Ohio— J. H. Painter. Akron— L. H. Mch- At that time, the public press was supplied ols. Hudson— E. W. Moore. Wellsville— J. Jv. Al- with news and market reports wholly by the vord, P. S. Mclntcsh. Ashtabula— R. T. Greene, Telei>raph Companies, which furnished what- D. V. Benedict Collins c""it which, at the best, was meager enough in amount, consisting of little beside what was i he property of this Company finally fell found in the local papers. What this source of into the hands of a Sheriff, by whom it was revenue and business messages amounted to at sold, being purchased by the lessee of the line the different Stations of the Erie and Michigan [432] THE TELEGRAPH. 433 line, foi- the month of November, 1848, is shown in the following statement : Business. Press. Total. Detroit $138 55 $30 00 $168 55 Chicago 199 62 50 00 249 62 Milwaukee 77 79 50 00 127 79 Southport 26 57 25 00 5157 Racine 24 05 25 00 49 05 Michigan City 15 62 25 00 38 62 South Bend 8 55 25 00 33 55 Kalamazoo 1192 25 00 36 92 Jackson 1112 25 00 36 12 Toledo 32 19 30 00 62 19 Maumee City 7 14 25 00 32 13 Fremont 5 98 25 00 30 98 Sandusky IS 71 28 00 46 71 Milan ..1 27 20 28 00 55 20 Cleveland 55 30 55 30 Erie . 19 86 9 25 29 11 Buffalo 114 49 2 25 116 74 $784 96 $427 50 $1,212 46 Evident!}-, in .several instances of receijJts from press rejiorts here named, schedule charges are given, rather than the sums actually paid. With the exceptions of Buffalo, Cleveland, San- dusk}-, Toledo, Detroit, Chicago and Milwau- kee, there were then only weekly papers issued, not one of which, it is deemed safe to say, could afford to jjay S28, or one-half that amount per month for Telegraph reports. In some in- stances, these probably were taken regularly, but chiefly as furnished free by operators. The writer has distinct recollection, that it was on such terms, at the hands of Manager Wade, his own i)aper (the Milan Tribune) was supplied its first " Telegraphic Report," which consisted of intelligence of the French Revolution in July, 1848, as it subsequently was with other news.* Mr. Wade subsequently built the line from Cleveland to Columbus ; was actively connected * An incident in this connection may not be out of place here. The extension of the first Telegraph line West of Buffalo, stopped for some time at Cleve- land. It was during such period that the Editor of the Milan Tribune indulged in a little enterprise in the interest of his paper. It so happened, that on the day preceding the issue of his paper of April 14, 1847, the news from the Mexican War so clearly in- dicated the early fall of Vera Cruz, before the assault under General Winfield Scott, that the Editor ven- tured to make the trip from Milan to Elyria by car- riage, on the morning of the 14th, in order at that place to meet the mail-stage with the Cleveland morn- ing papers. His plan was, that in case the expected intelligence be received, he would return to Milan (28 miles) in time to have the news put in type and his papers for the Westward-bound mail in the Post- oflice when the stage should arrive from Elyria. His expectation as to the War news was justified by tidings of the fall of the Ca.stle of San Juan D'Ulloa and the capture of Vera Cruz on the 26th, and the formal capitulation on the 29th of March. The news reached Pensacola, Florida, April 4th. The return from Elyria w'as made in about four hours, beating the stage sufficiently as to time, for the Tribune with the news to be printed and delivered at the Postoffice before the mail arrived. with the construction of the California line, and was chief manager in the organization of the Western Union Telegraph .system. For many years past, as now (1887), that gentle- man has been largely engaged in Banking, Manufacturing and Railroading at Cleveland. Connected with Mr. Wade in the construc- tion of the Pacific Telegraph line, was Mr. Chas. M. Stebbins. The latter was a printer by trade, and took his first lessons in telegra])hy from Mr. Wade at Milan, in 1848-lt. Soon after the discovery of gold at Pike's Peak. Mv. Stebbins bought the line from St. Louis to the Western border of Missouri, which proved a good in- vestment. On the 18th October, 1861, Brigham Young sent the first telegraphic message over the new line from Salt Lake City, to Mr. Wade, at Cleveland, congratulating the latter on the completion of the overland Telegraph to that point. The Western portion of the line was completed soon thereaf^ter. Rates for the Pacific Telegraph, when opened from St. Louis, were as follows: To Omaha, 10 words, $1.70, each additional word 15c. To Fort Bridger, Utah, $3.75, and 31c. To Salt Lake Citj-, S4.00, and 3.3c. To Sacramento, California, $4.25, and 3Gc. To San Francisco, $4.25, and 36c. To Shasta, California, .25, and 46c. The extension of the Telegraph Westward raised with the Western press a problem of no small importance. The use of the new agency was very essential ; but could it be employed with any certainty of success? Such was the practical question. Referring to the subject, the Toledo Blade, of August 23, 1847, said: We shall, if the Blade meets with an increase of encouragement suflicient to warrant the expense, be enabled to furnish our readers with foreign intelli- gence at the moment of its reception at the Eastern Seaports. The Cleveland Plain Dealer, about the same time, had the following: AVe are a thousand miles from the Seacoast, and for every 10 words brought over the Telegraph line for us, somebody has to pay 25 cents. For every five lines of printed' matter, somebody has got to pay $1.00. Now, who shall that somebody be? If Cleveland contained 30,000 inhabitants, and we had 3,000 subscribers to our daily paper, we could stand the expense and be "somebody;" but as it is, we cannot. With only 600 daily subscribers, it will re- quire at least 200 more to justify the additional ex- pense. Where are these 200 additional subscribers ? We know they are in the City, abundantly able and fond of news as anybody ; but they do not like to hazard the expense of a daily jiaper at $6.00 a year, although its telegraphic reports may be worth double the subscription price to them. A few days later the Plaiii Dealer announced that it had made arrangements with the Tele- graph line for reports, on condition that its daily circulation would be increased from 600 to 900. 434 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Tlic Toledo Bhulc of Fi'l.nuiry 14, 1848, an- iiouiici'd tlio o])t'iiiiig at ToK'do of an office of tlio Lake Ei-io Telegraph ]jiiie,iii the following- entlmsiaslic terms: Tlio magic wires are liere, and we are in connec- tion. We slial! lienceforth be able to furnish our readers witii the latest news— the daily condition of the I'^asti'rn markets, and all that kind of practical intelligence, which is now largely sought after by the business world. The exiiense incident to theeniploy- nienl of the Telegraph, we can illy bear, but a con- vi<'tiou that our enterprise will not go unrewarded, induces us to hazard tlie experiment of a trial. The Telegraph ciduinn of the ])aper was lieaast 1)0 years, will be seen when it is stated, that tlie time occu])ied in the transmission of the annual message of President Pierce, in Decem- ber, 1854, was 14 hours, the entire document having been sent on one wire, and received in Toledo bj' Charles 0. Brigham, then l(i years of age. Now, for similar service, five or more wires are used, and the time occu])ied in the transmission is usually about three hours. In this connection, a brief review of the many Telegraph ventures with which Toledo has been connected, will not be out of place. As already stated, the Erie and Michigan, and the Atlantic, Lake and Mississippi Telegraph Comj)anies — the former commonly known as the " Speed Line," and the latter as the " O'fJeilly liine" — opened offices in Toledo some time during the year 1848. About lSrt4, the New York and Mississippi Vallc}' Printing Telegraph Company obtained control of the O'Eeilly plant, adding to its facilities. In 1855, all the above mentioned passed into and became ])art of the newly organized Western Union sj'stem. This Company occupied the field unopposed until 1864, when the United States Telegra]ih Company opened an office in Toledo, occupying tlie room now used by the LTnited Lines Tele- graph Company, in Ilartford Block, Madison Street, as its main office. In March, 1860, the property and franchises of the United States Company were purchased by the Western Union, and the former, as a competing organi- zation, ceased to exist. The next candidate for favor, was the Atlan- tic and Pacific Telegraph Company, which opened an office in Toledo in the rooms vacated by the United States Company. The Atlantic and Pacific, under an energetic local manage- ment, proved to be a very lively competi- tor, remaining in the field until it was merged in the Western Union. Its first manager in Toledo was Mr. William M. Coon, and its last was Mr. J. M. McNamar, both still residents of Toledo. In the Spring of 1880, the American Union Telegraph Company opened an office in the First National Bank building on Summit Street, which was maintained one year, when that Conijiany also became a part of the Western Union system. Their SuiJerintendcnt and Manager at this j)oint was Mr. Charles Sclden. In the Spring of 1882, the wires of the jMu- tuall^nion Telegraph Company reached Toledo and an office was ojiened in the Poag Block, corner Summit and Madison Streets, with Mr. C. D. Meserve as ilanager. At the expiration of one year, this Company likewise became, by 436 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. virtue of a le:i(mi)aiiy opened anotfice"at the old stand," on Madison Street. Mr. J. A. Hawley was its first manager, wiio afterwai'ds was succeeded by Mr. J. M. Wright, the pres- ent incumbent. The Postal, shortly after its establisiiment, was joined by the Bankers' and iMerchants', a kindred organization, and the two are now doing business under the name of the " United Lines Telegraph Company." A new candidate for business in the tele- graphic field has just apjieared (February, 1887) in the Inter-State Telegra])li Company, and is building a line Irom Detroit, on the North, to a c(jnnection with the Baltimore and Ohio Telegraph Company at Fostoria, or some other point on the South, This Company, since the date named, has opened an office at No. 40 Madison Street, E. A. Shijjman as Manager. Mr. "William A. Beach, the well-known Man- ager of the Western Union interests in this City, came to Toledo in September, 1854, as Manager of the Erie and Michigan or " Speed " office. U])on the organization of the Western Union Compan}-, which took place the ensuing year, he became its local Manager, a position which, for 32 years, he has continued to fill with credit to himself and satisfaction to the Company. When he took chiirge of the Toledo office in 1854, its facilities for the trans- mission of business consisted of two wires, and his only assistants were one ojierator and a messenger. Now, the office which stands as the successor of the one originally managed by him. has connected with it 113 wires, and (with its branches) emploj's 30 operatoi's, together with a corresponding force of clerks, messengers, line men and battery men. The receipts of the office for the month of Oc- tober, 1854, amounted to $417.25. For the corresponding month in 1886, the amount was $3,9(10. The number of messages handled in 1854, was about 3,000 , in October, 1880, it was 80,988. With Manager Beach have been associated the following named employees of the Company: Mr. Charles O. Brighani, Chief Operator, began his connection witli the business, in May, 1852, as messenger of the Atlantic and Lake Erie (Speed) line, being then 1.3 years old. Ani1)itious for promotion, he at once sought every opportunity for learning the art and skill of operating, and for want of )iftter facil- ities, practiced witli a pencil over his jack-knife and with door-latches. In November, IS.x!, he attained the coveted position of Operator in the O'Reilly office. In February, 18.54, he changed io the Speed line, and for a time was in its ('leveland oftiee. with Mr. Beach, the two together coming to Toledo in .Sejitember of that year, Mr. lieach as Manager, and Mr. Brigham as Operator. In 18(il, the business of the Toledo othce rec|uired an enlarged force, when Mr. Brigham became the first ('hief Operator, the position which he yet holds. From June, 18(it), until 1877, he was Superintendent of the City Fire Alarm. In Septem- ber, 1860. he was appointed as the local Agent of the Western Associated Press, serving as such until March, 1880, when he was succeeded by 8. S. Kna- benshue. Mr. George M. Brigham became an operator in the Western Union office in February, 1870, and since 187.5 has acted as Night Chief Operator. Mr. Joseph T. Cliurch commenced as Messenger, in July, 1870; began as Operator, in October, 1877; and has served as A.ssistant Chief on dav force since June, 1879. Frank M. Green became Cashier and Book-keeper of the Office in May, 18(i(i, and yet holds the position. Until 1874, the service of the line was per- formed wholly at one office. At that lime the business in connection with the Produce Ex- change had assumed proportions demanding more ready and more ample facilities, when a branch, known as " Exchange Office," was opened on the floor of that organization. Its first Manager was Mr. W W. Wells who, in 1882, was succeeded by the present incumbent. Mi". John M. Cronenberg. His staff consists of eight o])erators. The department of Construction and Repairs constitutes an important part of the Telegraph .system. In 1863 this service was i)laced in the hands of Mr. Joseph Keenau, as Foreman, who since that time has had charge of that service for the District of Toledo and vicinitj', and to whose skill antl industry' the excellent condi- tion of the lines is largely due. Among the early operators in Toledo, were Messrs. Maurice A. Scott, Charles E. Bliven, and others. CHAPTER V. THE TELEPHONK. THE trausmissiou of sounds through the agency of electricity, was discovered many years since. Conversation has been carried on by such means for a distance of 300 miles, al- though 75 miles is as far as it can be satisfac- torily d((ne. It is more readily done in cold than in warm weather. A tele|>honic concert was given in Steinway Hall, Xew York, in 1877, in which all the music, vocal and instrumental, was executed by perlormers in Philadelphia, 88 miles distant, and transmitted over the or- dinarj- telegraph wires. Various inventors took part in the development of this remarkable in- vention, including Professor C. G. Page, of Washington, D. C; De la Rive, of Geneva ; Charles Bourseulle, of Auch, France; Phillip Reis, of Germany ; and Elisha Gray, of Chicago. The name now most prominently identitietl with the Telephone, is that of Alex. Graham Bell, of Boston, who exhibited at the Centen- nial Exjjosition, Philadelphia, in 1876, an ap])a- ratus which reproduced hunuin speech with all its modulations. Others have made improve- ments of greater or less importance, among whom are Thomas A. Edison, Professor A. E. Dolbear and G. M. Phelps. The Telephone was first tested in Toledo, Jan- uary 20, 1878, when the Railway Ticket Office of Wm. Gates, in the Boody House, and the Western Union Telegraph Office, corner Sum- mit and Adams streets, were thus successfully connected. For nearly a year previous to that time, simple Acoustic Telephones, consisting of a cord or a wire, with tin cups or other vessels answering the di)uble purpose of transmitters and receivers, were operated to a limited ex- tent, some of them covering distances of several blocks. The one named was the first used here which employed a battery and other complete appliances. The next Telephone introduced, and believed to be the first one regulai'ly fixed, connected two stores of F. W. Preston, one on Monroe street, and the other 323 Summit, cor- ner of Walnut. The distance is about three- fourths of a mile. The use of the instrument was successful, and did much toward the ex- tension of the same in the Cit3^ In 1878 the rival systems of Bell and Edison Telephones were simultaneously inti'oduced in Toledo bj- the establishment of sepiarate and competing Exchanges — the former under the management of S. C. Schenck and John M. Wheeler; and the latter under that of James M. McNamar. These had been in operation but a few months, when the two systems were consolidated, and the Toledo organizations passed into the hands of the Midland Telephone Companj'. Subsequently, the Toledo Exchange became the property of the Central Union Tel- ephone Company, whicli still owns anti man- ages it. .The manager of the Toledo Exchange now (1887) is Mr. John W. Cherry, the entire force of employees being 27 in number. The number of telephones embraced in the Ex- change is 1,005, and is extending rapidly. The telephone most distant is that of the" Cedar Point Club, 12 miles from the Central Office, corner Adams and Huron streets. The rates now charged are : For business purposes — 860 per annum for one-half mile of wire; %66 for three-fourths of a mile ; S72 for one mile ; and 86.00 for each fourth mile additional. For res- idences— $42, $45, $48, and 16, respectively. The Exchange is connected with all Cities and Towns in Northwestern Ohio and Southeastern Michigan havingTeleplione facilities. The man- agement of the Toledo Exchange has been, from the first, exceptionally satisfactory to customers, whereby the introduction of that great agency for every department of neighborhood inter- course, has been and is yet,ver3- rapid. Its utiliza- tion seems now only beginning in development. [437] CHAPTEE VI. THE MADMEE RIVER MARINE. THE earlier Custom-House records of this Di.strict are not to be found, and for infor- mation as to the first crafts navigating or built upon the Maunice Eiver, we are dependent upon tlie memory of those most familiar there- with. Fortunately, this source is exceptionally good, and with the official evidence available, the facts are no doubt substantially reached. The first craft regularly trading on the River, so far as known, was the Schooner Black Snalvc, Captain Jacob Wilki.son, in May, 1815, ou board which was the Captain's nephew, David Wilki- son, afterward so prominent in River and Lake navigation. In August, 18G8, Willard V. Way, Esq., an old and intelligent resident of Perrys- burg furnished a statement of the life and work of tiie latter gentleman, together with a list of crafts built on the River, from the earliest date to 1854, according to the Captain's recollection. Mr. Way said : Captain Wilkison states that he first came to the Mauuiee in the latter part of May, 181."), on the Schooner Black Snake, of about 2r) tons. He was then about 15 years of age, and was a hand on the V'es.sel, his father and his uncle (Jacob Wilkison) being the owners, and the latter the Master. She sailed from Cleveland, her load being chiefly immi- grant fauiiUes and their effects. Part of these were landed at the River Raisin, and part at Fort Meigs. Among those stopping iit the Raisin, were Mr. Mul- lioUand and family— the same gentleman who after- wards became noted as a hotel-keeper at Vienna (Erie) ou the road to Monroe from Toledo. On the Vessel's i-eturn, she took for cargo ordnance and military stores from Fort Meigs to Detroit. Captain Jacob Wilkison continued to run this Vessel, occa- sionally making trips to the Maumee, until Septem- ber, ISKi, when he moved his family and made his residence at Orleans, a Village laid out between Fort Meigs and the River. In IHIS, Captain Daniel Hub- bell bought a controlling interest in the Sc-liooner Pilot, built at Cleveland, and Daviil took command and sailed her between Fort Meigs and ButFalo during the seasons 1818 and '19. He continued to sail up the Maumee every season from 181.5 until 18.50, when he retired from navigation, at that time being the Captain of the Steamboat Superior. Between the years 1818 and IS-S, he was Master at different times of the Schooners JJlaek Snake, Pilot, Saucy Jane, Prudent, Superior and Guerriere. In 1828, he and John Ilollister built at Swan Creek (now Toledo) the Schooner Eagle, of fiO tons. That year he moved to Perrysburg, and took command of the Schooner Eagle, and sailed her until the Steamboat Commo- dore Perry came out in 1835, when betook command of her. The Eagle cost $3,000. During the seven years that he sailed her, she paid for herself five times, clear of all expenses ; or, in other woi'ds, earned for her owners S15,000 of profits. Captain Wilkison then sold her in Butlalo for |800. All the old settlers appreciate his high reputation for practical skill and gentlemanly deportment, as the commander of the Perry. He honored his calling in every respect. As shown in the notes of the Baldwin family, elsewhere given, the Schooner Leopard (a 28- ton craft), CJaptain John T. Baldwin, was among the earliest Vessels trading on the Maumee River. Captain Baldwin came liere with the Leopard in April, 1818, bringing his family and stopping at Orleans or Fort Meigs, and re- maining until July following, when they went to Put-in Bay, and thence to Portage County. Following is the list of Vessels furnished by Captain Wilkison wlioUy from meraoiy, and will be found to contain some facts given else- where : 1S12— At Perrysbin-g; Schr. Miami, 25 tons ; Capt. Anderson Martin, for the Captain. 1826 — At Perrysburg; Schr. Guerriere, 50 tons ; Capt. D. Wilkison, for Wilkison and Ilollister. f 828— At Swan Creek ; Schr. Eagle, UO tons ; Capt. D. Wilkison, for AVilkkson and Plollister. 1820— At Miami ; Schr. Antelope, 00 tons ; Capt. Amos Pratt, for Pratt and Hubbell. 1832— At Miami; Schr. Maria, 100 tons; Capt. Amos Pratt, for Barker and Holt. 1833 — At Delaware Flats; Schr. Merchant, 70 tons ; Capt. Amos Pratt, for Barker and Holt. 1834— At Delaware Flats; Schr. Gazelle, 70 tons; Capt. Amos Pratt, for Barker and Holt. 1834 — At Perrysburg; Steamboat Conmiodore Perry, 350 tons ; Capt. D. Wilkison, for Perrysburg Steamboat Company. 1835— At Perrysburg; Schr. Caroline, 60 tons; Capt. E. K. Forbes, for Wilki.sdn and Ilollister. 1835— At Maumee ; Schr. i\laria, SO tons. Capt. C. V. Jennison .says this Vessel was built by Mr. Burd- sill, for Williams, of Maumee. 1830 -At Perrysburg; Schr. John Hollister, 80 tons; for J. J. Bingham and others. 1836 — At Perrysburg; Schr. Walter Joy, 75 tons; Capt. D. P. Nickerson, for Wilkison and Hollister. 1837 — At Perrysburg ; Steamboat Cien. Wayne, 400 tons ; Capt. Amos Pratt, for John Hollister and others. 1837 — At Perrysburg; Schr. Favorite, 170 tons; Capt. E. K. Forbes, for Wilkison and Forbes. 1837 — At Oregon; Schr. Oregon, 170 tons; Capt. Je.sse Bailey, for R. A. Forsyth. 1837— At Swan Creek (Toledo) ; Schr. Maj. Oliver, 170 tons; Capt. Chas. G. Keeler, for Toledo Naviga- tion Comjiany. 1838— At Perrysburg ; Steamboat John Marshall, 80 tons ; for Doane and Earl. 1838— At Perrysburg ; Steamboat Gov. Vance, 100 tons ; Capt. Shibnah Spink, for Hollister & Co. 1838— At Miami ; Steamboat Chesapeake, 350 tons ; Capt. D. Howe, for Jesse Smith and others. 1839 — At Maumee; Steamboat Gen. Harrison, 250 tons ; Capt. 1. T. Pheatt, for James Walcott& Co. 1841— At Toledo; Steamboat Indiana, 400 tons; Capt. I. T. Pheatt, for Peckham and others. 1843— At Perrysburg; Prop. Samp.son, 250 tons; Capt. Amos Pratt, for John Hollister and others. [438] TRE MAUMEE RIVER MARINE. 439 1843— At Maumee; Steamboat James Wolcott, 100 tons. 1844— At Perrysburg ; Steamboat St. Louis, COO tons; Gapt. O. W. Floyd, for Hollister and others. 1845 — At Perrysburg ; Prop. Princeton, /illO tons ; Capt. Amos Pratt, for Jolm Hollister and others. 1845 — At Perrysburg ; Schr. Scotland, I'OO tons ; for Bronson and Crocker, Oswego, N. Y. 1845 — At Maumee ; Schr. Ireland. 1845— At Perrysburg; Steamboat Superior, 600 tons ; Capt. IX Wilkison, for Perrysburg Steamboat Company. 1840— At Perrysburg; Schr. Robert Hollister, 200 tons; Capt. C. G. Keeler, for John Hollister and others. 1846— At Maumee ; Prop. Globe, 300 tons ; Capt. Chas. Ludlow, for Geo. Spencer and John A. Moore. 1847— At Perrysburg; Schr. St. Marys, 180 tons; Capt. C. G. Keeler, for John Hollister and others. 1847— At Perrysburg; Schr. Defiance, 170 tons; Capt. Wm. Wilkison, for Koby and Thompson. 1848— At Perrysburg; Steamboat John Hollister, 200 tons; Capt. Selah Dustin, for B. F. Hollister. 1853 — At Perrysburg ; Prop. Bucephalus, 400 tons ; for Hollister and others. 1853 — At Perrysburg ; Schr. Buckingham. 1854 — At Perrysburg ; Schr. Maize, 200 tons. In Aj^ril, 184C, the Perrysburg Miami of the Lake gave what was supposed to be a nearly complete list of vessels built on the Maumee River up to that date. The facilities of the editor were presumed to have been good for arriving at the facts. He stated that the first Vessel built in that locality was the Sloop Miami, in 1810, at Perrj'sburg, by Captain Anderson Martin, who built the Schooner Chip- pewa, at Clii])pewa,the Spring previous. Both these Vessels were captured by the British during the War of 1812-15, and both subse- quently, at the battle of Lake Erie, recaptured by Perry, and piloted by Captain Martin, with cargoes of American soldiers, to the mouth of the Piver Thames, Canada. Following is the list of Vessels given hy the Perrysburg paper. It will be seen to contain some crafts not already mentioned : SCnOONEHS. STEAMBOATS. l^amc. Whni Bum. Where Biiili. Tons. H here Owned. Miami 1810 Perrysburg 25 Detroit Guerriere 1827 Swan Creek 75 Perrysburg Eagle 1827 Perrysburg 130 Perrysburg Antelope 1828 Perrysburg 75 Perrysburg Michigan 1832 Perrysburg l.SO Perrysburg Merchant 1834 Maumee 75 'Maumee AV'alter Jov--. 1S35 Perrysburg 130 iBuflalo Caroline.- 1835 Perrysburg 50 Perrysburg Gazelle 1835 Perrysburg 75 Perrysburg John Hollister 1835 Perrysburg 130 Perrysburg Tippecanoe... 1836 Maumee 50 Maumee Maria 1836 Maumee 100 Maumee Favorite 1837 Perrysburg 150 Perrysburg Maj. Oliver 1837 Toledo 150 Toledo Ottawa 1837 Oregon 130 Maumee Chippewa 1,S37 Maumee 25 Maumee Tom Corwin._ 1840 ^Maumee 25 ilaumee 1844 1845 Maumee Perrysburg 120 iMaumee Scotland 100 Os\vego Ireland 1846 Maumee 100 Oswego Navte. When BniU. Wlwre Bum. Tniui. Where Owned. Detroit 1833 Toledo 200 Cleveland C^om. Perry 1835 Perrysburg 350 Perrysburg Gen. Wayne.. 1837 Perrysburg 390 Perrysburg John Marshal- 1837 Perrysburg 35 Perrysburg Gen. Vance 1838 Perrysburg 50 Perrysburg Chesa ^eake . . 1838 Maumee 412 Maumee Gen. Harrison 1840 Maumee 326 Maumee Indiana 1840 Toledo 5.")0 Toledo St. Louis 1844 IVrrysliurg (US Perrysburg Superior 1845 Perrysburg .567 Perrysbuig Troy 1845 Maumee 547 Maumee J. Wolcott 1843 Maumee 80 Maumee PROPELLEliS. Nmne. M'hcH Bum. Where BuM. Tons. Where Owned. Sampson Princeton 1843 1845 1845 Perrysburg Perrysburg Maumee 250 400 300 Perrysburg Perrysburg Perrysburg The Custom House at Maumee City (District of Miami) was opened in 1818. The record of the earlier Vessels taking out jiapers is given as follows : The first was the Schooner Black Snake, 23 tons, Capt. Jacob Wilkison ; and the next the Schooner Sally, 7 tons, Capt. Wm. Pratt. In 1819, the Saucy Jane, 15 tons. Capt. Jacob Wilkison; the Walt<'r, fil tons, Capt. Amos S. Heed ; and the Leopard, 18 tons. Capt. John Baldwin. In 1823 was entered the Hap|)y Return, Capt. John Baldwin, 12 tons, and tlie Wapoghkonnetta. Capt. Isaac Richardson, same ton- nage. In 1824, the Vermillion, 34 tons, Capt. John Baldwin, and the Packet of Miami, Capt. Almon Reed, 15 tons. In 1825, the Lady Washington, Capt. A. Reed, 40 tons, and the Guerriere. Capt. David AVilkison, 41 tons. In 1820, tlie Fire Fly, Capt. Luther Harvey, 23 tons. In 1828, the Eagle, Capt. David Wilkison, 49 tons. In 1830, the Essex, Capt. Henry Brooks, 30 tons. In 1831, the Independence, Capt. James Foster, 26 tons. In 1832, the Micliigan, Capt. Amos Pratt, 108 tons. In 1834, the Merchant, Capt. A. Pratt, 74 tons. May, 1835, the Steandjoat Com. Perry, owned by the Perrysburg SteandMat Company, and commanded by Capt. D. W'ilkison, 3.50 tons ; and the Schr. Caroline, Capt. William O. Marsh, 42 tons. In 1836, the Schr. Gazelle, Capt. Anson Reed ; the Walter Joy, Capt. D. P. Dickinson, 124 tons; the John Hollister, Capt. Justice Bailey, 86 tons; and the Steamboats Oliver Newbery and An- drew Jackson — both built at Detroit and purchased for the Maumee River trade. While the records furnished from these different sources are not in all respects con- sistent with each other, it is believed that with them the material facts may easily be reached. They are all given here, as better than to un- dertake to decide which is or is not coi-rect in the few instances in which they maj' fail to agree. Before the opening of the Wabash and Erie Canal, combined facilities of water and stages were employed in communication with Fort 440 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Wayne, Indiana, and other points up the Mau- mee. In June, 1837, appeared the announce- ment, that the Steamboat Gen. AVayne, Capt. H. C. Williams, would " leave the head of the Rapids every day at 1 p. m. for the foot of Flat Rock, whore tliere would be coaches and teams to convey passengers and freight to Defiance." Passenger.s leaving Maumee City and Perrys- burg in the morning, arrived at Defiance same day. Returning, left Defiance at (3 A. m., and reached the head of the Rapids at 12 Ji., where coaclies were ready for Maumee and Perrys- burg. Also, " a Barge fitted up for passengers or freight,'" left Defiance every Friday for Fort Wayne, running through in three days. Dur- ing high water, the Steamboat ran between the head of the Eapids and Fort Wayne. The agents of the line were O. H. Harris, Provi- dence ; G. C. Mudgett & Co., Brunersburg; and White & Kirtlaud and S. A. & J. H. Sargent, Maumee City. Beside this Steamboat route, was a daily through Stage line between Mau- mee City and Defiance. The mail passed twice a week. Tlie following were among the crafts navi- gating Lake Erie and doing business with the Maumee River in April, 1822, whose interme- diate points, between Buffalo and Detroit, were Erie, Cleveland, Sandusky and Miami (Mau- mee City), to wit : Schooners — The Wii.sp, Captains Thos. Goodwin and Harry Haskins ; the Sylph, Capt. Horatio G. Haskins ; the Red Jacket, Capt. Augustus Walker; the Erie, Capt. Wm. T. Pease ; the Ann, Capt. Augustus Jones ; and the Pontiac, Capt. Seth Reed. Sloop — Happy Return, Capt. John Costello. Brig — t'nion, Capt. Harpin Johnson. Subsequently ap- peared the Schooner Farmer, of Painesville, Capt. Ben. A. Napier ; the Schr. Dread, launched at Huron, Ohio, April 29, 182L', Capt. Sam. Nichols; the Schr. Michigan, Capt. Walter Norton ; the Schr. Vienna, Capt. Luther Chapin ; the Schr. I.ake Serpent, Capt. John Burtis; the Schr. Diligence, Capt. .Anderson Martin ; the Schr. Beaver, Capt. John F. Wight ; and the Sloop Ohio, Capt. Moses McSwainey. Several of these Vessels were confined in their traffic to the West end of the Lake. Beside those here named, was the " New Team or Horse-Boat, called the Car of San- dusky, whereof Thomas L. Hawkins was Master," which made its first trip from Lower Sandusky (Fremont), where it was built, to Sandusky City, May G, 1822, with a cargo of " tobacco, fish and passengers." June 7th, this craft was reported as " the Horse-Boat Pegasus of Lower Sandusky, Capt. Elisha W. How'land, laden with skins and pork." Subsecjuently, Morris Tyler (afterwards a prominent Lake commander) was Captain of the Pegasus. The "quickest passage" made by any sail vessel between Buffalo and Sandusky" (250 miles) up to October 3, 1822, was that of the Schooner Huron, Capt. Judah W. Eansora, in 34 hours. The Schooner Erie, Capt. Pease, soon thereafter made the same passage in 28 hours. In 1824, the following additional Vessels were in commission in this region : The Schr. Sir Henry, Capt. Ezra Wells; the Schr. Mi- nerva, Capt. Belden ; the Tiger, Capt. John Fleeharty ; the Lady Washington, Capt. Mar- tin ; the Gen. Scott, Capt. Lockwood ; the Good Intent, Capt. Talbot; and the Pox, Capt. Green. Announcement of the first Steamboat plying exclusively between the Towns on the Maumee River, was made in the Toledo Blade of April 25, 1838, as follows: THE STEAMBOAT SCK, C. K. Bennett, Master. WILL make her trips this Season as follows; Will leave Manhattan every morning at 7 o'clock ; Toledo at 8 : Manmee City and Perrysbnrg at half-past 10; Toledo at 2 p. M., and Maumee and Perrysbnrg at 5 o'clock, and arrive at Man- hattan at 7 P. M . April 25, 1S38. As seen, the time for the Sun between Toledo and Maumee was two hours, making the rate of speed about five miles per hour. The Boat was the property of Henry Bennett, its com- mander being Calvin K. Bennett, a brother of the owner, both then of Perrysburg. They subsequently removed to Toledo, where Mr. Henry Bennett died during the present year (1887), Mr. C. K. Bennett still residing there. The enterprise of running a Boat exclusively for local business, was a hazardous one 49 years ago, as the Messrs. Bennett found it to be. It was undertaken when the general business stagnation con.sequeut on the financial collapse of 1837 had fairly taken effect — a state of pros- tration not equaled by anj'thing experienced in this country since that time. The Sun's trade was almost wholly made up of small items, chiefly for pa.s.sage between the young and struggling Towns touched on the route. Silver change had almost wholly disappeared, leaving little but here and there a " six-pence " (6^ cents), "shillings" (12-| cents), and "eighteen jjenee " pieces (18f cents), with a few coins of English money, passing for 25 cents. The consequence was, that Captain Bennett found himself most seriously embar- rassed by a lack of change, and was driven to seek relief This he did, by having printed due bills of small amounts, which, in common with like currericj' then in use throughout the West, especially, came to be known as " Shin Plasters." Why they were given such name, is not definitely settled. They were found, when issued by responsible parties, to be a re- lief to trade. So Captain Bennett found them. Redeemable by him in sums of Sl.OtI or more, they at once entered into general use on the Eiver and were a material benefit to trade. They were all redeemed upon presentation, a fact which could be truthfully stated of but comparatively small portion of the " currency " of that time. In Maj-, 1838, the Steamboat Andrew Jack- son, Shibnah Spink, Master, commenced run- ning between Perrysburg and Manhattan, THE MAUMEE RIVER MARINE. 441 touching at Maumee, Oregon, and Upper and Lower Toledo, making two trips daily. Cap- tain Spink survived the intervening 47 years, and (lied at Perrysburg in 1885. Under the head, '• Season Arrangements," a " Daily Line of Steamboats from Detroit to Perrysburg and Maumee," was advertised in March, 1839, the line consisting of the Oliver Nevvberrv and Erie, and making stops at Toledo, Manhattan, Monroe, Brest, Maiden and Gibraltar. They le(t Perrysburg at 7:30 a. m., and arrived at Detroit at 4 p. m., and making like time on tiieir return. The Agent for the line at Maumee was Denison B. Smith, now of Toledo. Steamers continued in the local trade of the River without interruption for some 43 years, and until the competition of three Railroads (the Dayton and Michigan, the Wabash and the Narrow Gauge) became too strong for them, and they were compelled to yield the field so long held by them. 99 k CHAPTEE yil. MARINE INCIDENTS. THE unwritten history of all settlements which came to permanent communities, is rife with incidents involving experience of various kinds, which, when set forth in words, are invested with deep interest. Volumes in space have been devoted to such narration. The Maumee Valley is not an exception to this rule. The memories of the pioneers were ever stocked with material of engrossing interest, but a small portion of which was ever made available to following generations. Here and there partial record was made, but the mass has passed away with the store-house of memory, the only receptacle which ever contained them. Among the incidents of local interest perti- nent here, is one occurring in September, 1822. At that time Major Coleman I. Keeler (one of the most prominent of the earlier settlers in Port Lawrence Township), with his daughter Grace, aged IG, took passage from Sandusky by the Schooner Eclipse, Captain Jones, bound for Detroit. By request, they were put ashore on Middle Bass Island, to take a small boat for home. Having engaged Captain Anderson Martin and his son, with a small craft, for such purpose, they started for the Maumee Eiver. When some 20 miles out, they were overtaken by one of the most furious storms then known on the Lake ; but fortunately they made West Sister Island, where they succeeded in landing. While themselves safe, their little vessel soon went to pieces, leaving them on an uninhabited Island, without food, the means of obtaining such, or the means for getting away. Daj^ after day of fasting brought them to the dire necessity of seeking continued life bj- eating snails and snakes. Providentially, they had an old axe, with which the men sat to work to dig out the trunk of a bass-wood tree, barely large enough to carry Captain Martin and his son, who set out therein for Middle Bass Island, which they fortunately reached in safety. At once, with a sail-boat, they started for the re- lief of Major Keeler and daughter, who were found still alive, but greatly emaciated from hunger, having for six days subsisted wholly on snakes and snails which they were fortunate enough to gather on the Island. A safe passage was given them to their home, where they soon recovered from the terrible effects of their ex- traordinary experience. Major Keeler lived many j-ears after the incident here narrated. The daughter. Miss Grace, who shared with him the trials of shij)- wreck and impending starvation, was subse- quently married with William HoUister, who, with his brother John, came to the Maumee Valley in 1816, settling at Perrysburg at the very outset of that Town. He was engaged in trade, chiefly with the Indians, which was profitable. Subsequentlj' he went to Buffalo, N. Y., where he was for some j-ears in active business, and died of apoplexy. May 25, 1848. After his death, Mrs. HoUister became the wife of Mr. Greene, a lawj-er in New York, and died about 1873. The first .serious Lake disaster in this region was the loss of the Schooner Syl))h, Captain Harry Haskin, in Maj', 1824. She sailed fi-om Sandusky about noon of May 12th for Detroit, with two barrels of whisky, a few wooden dishes, and three passengers, beside the Cap- tain's brother, Charles Haskin. A severe storm from the Northwest arose in the after- noon. Nothing was heard of the vessel until the 14th, when two men reached Sandusky in a skiff, with the intelligence that the Sylph had been wrecked on North Bass Island, and all on board lost. The bodies of four persons had been found and buried, viz.: Harry and Charles Haskin ; a man supposed to be a Mr. Eoberts, of Florence, Huron (now Brie) County, the owner of the wooden ware ; and a small child of a Mrs. Hunter, who went on board at San- dusky. The bodies of the Haskins were taken to Sandusky and buried. Harry was 23, and Charles 17 years old — both promising young- men. The wreck was subsequently found by the family of Mr. Martin, a resident of North Bass Island, the morning after the vessel left Sandusky. The bod}- of 3Irs. Hunter was not found. May 1 , 1826, the Canadian Schooner Surprise, Cajitain McCall, found the Schooner Morning Star, of Sandusk_y (whence she sailed April 22d for the Maumee Eiver), floating near the Cana- dian shore, with nobodj' on board. The Vessel cleared from Maumee for Sandusky April 28th, having on board Captain John Costello, Thos. Goodwin and John Furnay, of Sandusky, a boy named Webber, and a woman. That night she was wrecked on a reef of rocks near Middle Bass Island, and was abandoned. Captain Cos- tello and Goodwin returned in a boat to the wreck, but it was gone and adrift. They at- tempted to reach it, and were never again heard from. Both left families. Furnay, the woman and the bo}- were without shelter or food, ex- cept the leeks and roots they dug, for six days, when Caj^tain David Wilkison, with the [442] MARINE INCIDENTS. 443 Schooner Gnerriere, found and rescued them from death, he liaving sought shelter under the Ishiiid. The first case of collision of Steamboats on the Lakes occurred between the Niagara, Cap- tain W. T. Pease, aud the Pioneer, Captain Geo. Miles, on the night of October 31, 1826, near Grand River, LaUe Erie, when they met while under full headwaj'. The Pioneer was somewhat injured. The Schooner Guerrierc, Captain R. Pember, then belonging to John Hollister, Perrysburg, was wrecked near Middle Sister Island, May 29, 1832. A passenger lost his wife and four children. Among the disastrous calamities occurring on Lake Erie was the burning of the steamer G. P. Griffith, on the night of the 17th of June, 1850, a short distance from Chagrin River, and two or three miles from Fairport, Ohio. She was on her waj' up the Lake from Buffalo, with 25tj deck or steerage and 40 to 45 cabin passen- gers, and a crew of about 30, making a total of about 330 persons on board. Of the passengers only about 40 were saved, with not a woman among them. Included with the lost were Captain C. C. Roby, his wife, his wife's mother and two children, of Perrysburg; H. Palmer, telegraph operator at Toledo ; Alice Champion, Toledo, and Richard Mann, wheelsman, San- dusk\-. D. R. Stebbins, engineer and part owner, was among the saved, as was a Mr. Hinckley, of Huron, Ohio. Mr. Stebbins then resided at Maumee Cil}', and subsequently lived for many years at Toledo, where he died several years since. CHAPTER VIII. Toledo's canals. — the miami and eeie, and the wabash and ekie. IT is difficult to determine to which of the two great agencies of transportation — water and rail — Toledo is most indebted for her ex- cejitional growth in trade, population and other elements of advancement. Without doubt, the first improvement which materially operated in shaping and fixing her future, was the rude and imperfect Eailwaj', which sup- plied tlie first connection and channel for trade between her and the interior. Small as that beginning really appears in the presence of the vvouderfiil advance since made in like improvements, its potency for Toledo's pros- perity could hardly be overestimated, since through its agency the trade of the richest and best improved portions of Michigan was at once secured, despite the prejudice engen- dered by the bitter question of boundarj^ and the no less bitter jealousy and competition of the rival City of Monroe. The effectiveness of such support to Toledo is clearly seen in the iact, that to all such adverse feeling, was added the completion of a Railway furnished by the State of Michigan for the avowed pur- pose of diverting to points within its limits the trade which the once despised Erie and Kala- mazoo Road was attracting to Toledo. And yet, back even of that little Railway, and as the chief incentive to its construction, stood Toledo's water connections — existing and prospective. From the first, the map of the Western country and the position of Toledo thereon, constituted the latter's chief strength — it being conceded that she held the key to the traffic of the Maumee River, which question, for a time stoutly disputed, was ere long clearly settled in her behalf It was Toledo's advan- tages with reference to an Eastern outlet for trade, that constituted the chief attractions for the trade seeking such outlet. The Erie and Kalamazoo Railway, first, and the Canals next, alike had their source in the great course for trade supplied by Lake Erie and the Erie Canal. At the earliest stage of Western settlement, an intelligent person could not survey Toledo's position at the Western ex- tremity of Lake Erie, consider the vast terri- tory naturally tributary to her, and fail to be impressed with a sense of what nature had done for her. To such view was Toledo in- debted forthe great Canal improvements which so soon followed her pioneer Railway. _ Anything like a full history of the construc- tion of the Canals which constitute so impor- tant a part of Toledo's material growth and prosperity, would be excluded here from lack of space. Hence, only brief statements of facts can be given. This course is in a meas- ure made proper bj- the fact, that the brief historical sketch of Ohio, in this volume, in- cludes a statement as to the origin and con- struction of the several Canals in the State. The question of the first suggestion of Canal connection of Lake Erie and the Wabash River, has been discussed at different times, with different claimants for the distinction. In 1817, the idea of the Canal is said to have been suggested, and steps taken in Indiana toward its construction. A book entitled "A History of the Late War in the Western Country," and published in 1816, in a chapter on Port Wayne, said ; The Miami is navigable for boats from this place to the Lake, and the portage to the nearest navigable branch of the Wabash is but 7 or 8 miles, through a low marshy prairie, from which the water runs both to the Wabash and the St. Mary's. A t'anal, at some future day, will unite these Rivers, and thus render a Town at Fort Wayne, as formerly, the jnost consider- able place in that country. In a letter to the Western Emigration Soci- etj", and said to have been written in 1817, and published in the Western Spy (Cincinnati), in 1818, Maj. Benj. F. Stickney, then acting as Indian Agent at Fort Wayne, made this refer- ence to the same subject ; The Miami River of the Lake is formed by a junc- tion of St. Mary's and St. Joseph's Rivers at Fort Wayne ; pursues a general course Northeast, with its meanderings about 170 miles, discharging into Maumee Bay. This River is navigable for vessels drawing .5 to 6 feet of water to Fort Meigs. 16 miles from its mouth, and for smaller craft to its head. Although it is not large, yet, in connection with the Wabash, the importance of its navigation will not be exceeded by any discharging into the Northern Lakes or the Ohio River. The Wabash pursues a diametrically opposite course to its junction with the Ohio. At the highest waters of those Rivers, their waters are united at the dividing ridge, and you may pass with craft from one river to the other. There is a wet prairie or swamp, covered with grass, that extends from the headwaters of the Wabash to the St. JVIary's, and discharges its water into both Rivers about 7 miles from one to the other. At low water this swamp is 6 to 10 feet above the water in the Rivers. It is composed of soft mud that can be penetrated 20 feet with a pole. Of course, it would be a small expense of labor to connect the waters of these two Rivers by a Canal that would be passable at the lowest water. Those Rivers will be the great thoroughfare between the Lakes and the Mississippi ; and, of course, will constitute an uninterrupted navi- gation fron the Bay of St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mex- ico, except the short portage at the Falls of Niagara. [444] CANALS. 445 It is claimed for Captain James Eiley, that he was among the very first, though probably not the first, to jDoiut out the importance and feasibility of the connection of the navigable waters of the Wabash and Manmee Eivers by means of a Canal. That gentleman will be remembered by many readers as the celebrated traveler among the Arabs ofBarbary, Northern Africa, whose "Narratives" of his operations aud experiences in that region about 181U, were extensively read upon their publication in 1836. Returning to this countrj-, he came to the West in 182(1, in the capacity- of United States Surveyor of Lands. Hetlien purcliased seven tracts of land at the Rapids of St. Mary's River, called the -'Devil's Race Ground," adjoining the Indiana line In a letter of November 24, 1819, Capt. Riley said : In high stages of water a portage of only (i miles carries merchandi.se fnim the head of the Maumee into navigable watfis of the Wabash (and rice versa) from whence, floating with the current, it may go either to supph' the wants of the interior country or proceed South "to New Orleans, or North to Lake Erie. The Little Wabash rises in a swamp, which might supply water sutlicient for jnirpose of Canal naviga- gation. Writing from Fort Wayne November 20, 1820, to Edward Tiffin, Survej'or General, Caj)t. Riley said : Having my chain, compass and level with me, I went yesterday towards tlie Southwest about IJ^' miles to the St. Mary's, crossed that stream and measured the distance from that River to Little River— a branch of the Wabash — and navigable in times of high water (without improvement). The distance is not quite seven miles, is a perfect level, and then its descent to the portage or navigable point of Little River is about 3 feet, and the course is South 50' West. From the summit level to the St. Mary's, is a fall of about 20 feet. Two locks would therefore be sufficient, and the whole expense of a Canal uniting the Northern Lakes with the Missi.s- sippi and Missouri Rivers, at this point would not be beyond the means of a few individuals of enterprise and ordinary capital. As already stated, the matter of Canal con- struction and location, was prominent in the Ohio-Michigan boundary question, and was materially delayed by that dispute. Different plans, meantime, were under discussion. In tiie case of the Wabash Canal, it was proposed in 1834, to employ slack-water tor navigation, by so improving the Maumee River with dams and locks, as to make it navigable for steam- boats from the Bay to Defiance and for Canal- boats thence to Fort Wayne. The compara- tive advantages of horse and steam power for towing Boats was then discussed. It was sug- gested that " a Steamboat could tow two Canal- Boats with their horses on board from Defiance to the head of the Rapids (32 miles) cheaper than horses could tow them on a forty -feet wide Canal." The boundary question settled, the work of Canal construction was at once entered upon with vigor. In May, 1837, contracts were let for the portion between Manhattan (below Toledo) and the head of the Rapids of the Maumee River (now Grand Rapids), to the following named contractors : E. S. Dodd & Co., Thos. Carr, P. Gamon, Grif- fith, McElvaine ct Co., F. D. Cochran, James M. Spafibrd, Hiram Steele, A. Shepler, D. C. Doane, Jones & Barker, A. B. & H. Barker & Co., B. Kem- per. McBride, Camp & Co., S. Searing, Jesse Vincent, and Myers & Yates. In this connection it may be proper to state, that the matter of " prohibition " as to the use of intoxi- cating liquors, became a practical question with contractors on the Canal. This was specially so with those on the sections "in rear of the Town," (now between the Court House and the High School building) who issued the order that no man in the use of liquors should have employment at their hands. The result was, thatwdiile the men on other jobs where liquors were used, suffered much from sickness, those above named were almost wholly without such experience. During the construction of the Re-servoir in Paulding County, about 184'_', a different policy was adopted. What were termed "jiggers," were dealt out to laborers before each meal. The men pa.ssed under a rope, one at a time, and received 12 ounces of whisky each. At about 9:30 a. m., and 4:30 p. M., like supplies were taken to the men at their work. Such wei-e deemed necessary from the character of the water there used. While the matter of the terminus of the Canal was under consideration by the State authorities, the point most important lay be- tween what were known as "High Level" and " Low Level." The local bearing of this ques- tion is explained in the fact, than the plan of High Level consisted in continuing the Canal from the head of the Rapids of the MaumeeRiver to Toledo, on the West bank, and entering the River at that point ; while the other jn-oposi- tion was to terminate the Canal by locking into the River at Maumee. The issue thus raised between Toledo and Maumee and Perrys- burg, enlisted the deepest interest of these Towns. Toledo claimed, that the extension to that place was absolutely necessai-y to the suc- cess of the Canal. While the question remained undecided, a meeting of the citizens of Toledo was held, to take action in the premises, when a memorial, prepared by Andrew- Palmer, was adopted, in which were set forth " reasons why the Canal should be located upon the plan of the High Level." Among these were the fol- lowing : 1. That at Toledo "per/ec< navigation for all classes of Lake vessels unquestionably ceases." 2. That at the mouth of Swan Creek, were two excellent basins for Cnnal boats. 3. That the water power to result from such location of the Canal would be more val- uable, than if distributed on the line of the Canal from the foot of the Rapids. 4. That the navigation of the River above Swan Creek was dithcult and haz- ardous — the channel narrow and crooked, with islands, shoals, rocks ami shifting bars, interposing 44(i HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. serious obstacles, without sufficient water to float the larger class of vessels. In this connection, it was stated that there were then in use on the Lake vessels of 200 to iSOO tons burthen, which, when full loaded, required nine to ten feet of water, which could not he had above Toledo. 5. It was strongly urged for the '■ High Level," that during the boundary contest, it had been uniformly urged by the Ohio authorities " that the lower section of the River was indispensa- bly necessary for the judicious termination of the Canal " — it being claimed that to stop the work at Maumee, would convict the State of bad faith and " triHing." ti. It was stated, that the interests at the foot of the Rapids could be fully met by locking into the River at Maumee, which was afterwards done. In conclusion, it was stated, that if the Canal should be terminated at Maumee, an error of judg- ment would be committed which would be in a measure irretrievable; while an unjust and odious monopoly in the local benefits of the Canal would be caused, and the public interest in individual and local competition be lost. What may or may not have been the iuflu- ence of this showing with the Board, cannot be stated ; but it is suggestive, that the plan therein urged was adopted, with the single ad- dition of the continuance of the Canal to Man- hattan. This memorial was approved by many non-resident owners of Toledo real estate, in- cluding Micajah T. Williams of Cincinnati, Elisha Whittlesey of Trumbull County, and Joshua E. Giddings of Ashtabula. So much for Toledo and the " High Level." It is no more than fair that the " Low Level " be heard here. Its claims were set forth as follows : 1st. The business men of the Upper Maumee would rely on their own resources in the shipping business, and would necessarily bring their trade to the point where Lake navigation terminated. 2d. The experience of 100 years showed that the foot of the Rapids of the Maumee was that point. 3d. Freights from Bufl'alo to Maumee were the same as to Toledo or Manhattan ; thereby saving to shippers 15 miles of Canal navigation, with its tolls and charges. 4th. The Towns at the foot of the Rapids had the important advantage in being near where the River could be bridged with safety and without injury to navigation — a con.si deration which must have the effect to bring great public improvements, as Turnpikes and Rail- roads, to that locality. " The impossibility of bridg- ing—the difficulty of ferrying— the certainty of tran- shipment—and the total prevention of crossing the Kiver for frequently long periods every season, must present an insurmountable obstacle to the termina- tion of any such public work at any place below the foot of the Rapids." These points are now chiefly valuable, as showing the ideas of the modes and methods in trade which were current at the time in ques- tion ; so many of which, not excepting that in regard to bridging navigable streams, have disappeared under the changed current of events. It may not be out of place here to say, that among the older citizens are now some who think it would have been as well, if not better for Toledo, had the Harris line been established and the City placed in Michigan. In such case, the Canals, would have entered the River at Maumee, which fact, as already stated, operated largely at Toledo to the suppoi-t of Ohio's boun- dary claim. Subsequent experience has greatly modified that view. The increased tonnage of Lake shipping very soon after the opening of the Canals, made Toledo the only point of con- nection with the River, which would have been the same with that City in Michigan. Com- merce is not controlled by boundary lines. With such facts, is the consideration that in Michigan, Toledo would have been the favorite port of the State, and as such received benefits not within the power of Ohio to grant. All this, however, is matter for speculation, only. The Ohio portion of the Wabash and Erie Canal, is but 18 miles in length, extending from the junction with the Miami and Erie Canal, in Paulding County, to the Indiana State line. That portion ot the work not previously con- structed — from the head of the Rapids of the Maumee River to the Indiana State line — was let October 25, 1837, in 89 Sections, com- mencing at the Rapids, to the following con- tractors in the order given : Brubacher & Waterhouse, Forsyth, Hazard & Co., Samuel Mapes, Clems, Alden & Co., Mooney, Wair, Sturgis & Co., Francis D. Cochran, Spaflbnl, Lawrence & Co., Saylor, Jones & Keep, Mudge, Curtis & Co., Peter Walsh & Co., Thomas Ellis, H. H. Sierman, Eltanan Gray, A. F. Patrick & Co., James Drummond, Almou Eggleston, Andrew SpafFord, Goettell & Hall, John Swift, Murphy & Sheridan, A. L. & W. Teffers & Co., Robertson & Kenney, William Thompson, Daily & Flinn, S. H. Steedman, James Sheburn, Wm. B. Lawrence, Jonathan Cook, Thomas Newcomb & Co., Peter Murphy & Co., Elijah Ellis, Libbey, Eddy & Co., Gardner, Libbey & Co., Smith, Chamberlin & Co., William Young. Leander Ransom, Acting Commissioner, was in charge of the work, with Samuel Forrer as Civil Engineer. The Resident Engineers at that time, were Andrew Young, at Maumee City, and William Wall, at Defiance. In February, 1839, Sections 48 and 73, inclu- sive, and 101 were let to the following parties : Ogden Mallory, Cannon & Carrs, Steedmans& Co., R. P. Harriman, Henry Richards, Harrington & Davis, Dodd Lt Morehouse, A. F. Patrick & Co., Bernard Kemper, Martin, Morgan & Co., Patrick & Short, D. C. Doan, H. & A. Doolittle, D. C. Middleton, Guy C. Noble, Benajah Barker, Henry Leonard, J. A. Brewer, Henry Carhart & Co., James B. Steedman, A. L. Tel- lers & Co., Clems & Co., Marcelious & Co. This work was between the head and the foot of the Rapids of the Maumee. The portion of the Wabash Canal between Fort Wayne and Logansport was opened in 1838. Among the rates of toll then charged, were the following : Per 1,000 lbs. per mile— Flour, Wheat, Whisky, Domestic Animals, Lard, Butter, &c., 1.8 cents ; Mineral Coal, 5 mills ; Linseed Oil, Paper, Window Glass, &c., 2.4 cents; Bar Iron, Nails, CANALS. 447 &c., 4.8 cents ; Merchandise, 4.8 cents ; Stone, for building purposes, 9 mills; Lumber, per 1,000 feet, 2.4 cents ; Bricks, per 1,000, 4.8 cents ; Timber, 100 cubic feet, 2.4 cents ; same in rafts, 5 cents ; Wood for fuel, per cord, in Boats, 2.4 cents ; Freight Boats, 1.2 cents per mile ; Passenger Boats, 6 cents per mile; on Passengers of 12 years and over, 1.2 cents per mile. In May, 1838, the contractors on the Miami and Erie Canal within Lucas County had no pay lor five months, and they had 2,000 hibor- ers in their em]iloy. The contractors, for a long time, had been compelled to ])ay olF in borrowed Michigan " Wild Cat" bills, which in time became uncurrent, causing great distress to all concerned. Payments were made in June following. The Wabash and Erie Canal was opened from Latayette to Toledo, in May, 1843. The arrival at Toledo of the first Boat (the Albert S. White), May 8th, was made the occasion of public recognition, in a dinner to the Captain and crew of the Boat at the Ohio House. Judge H. D. Mason was President of the day, and in- troduced the exercises at the close of tlie dinner with a few remarks. He was followed by the orator of the occasion, George B. Way. Ad- dresses were also made by M. H. Tilden, B. P. Stickney, John Fitch, Heman Walbridge and others, attended by sentiments and music. In the evening a party assembled at the Indiana House, where the time was spent jileasantly. Under date of Ajiril 18, 1844, the Blade an- nounced the arrival of " a large fleet of Canal- boats from Lafiayette," within the previous (bur days, bringing the following articles: 410,598 pounds of bacon ; 471,922 pounds lard; 41,949 barrels ashes ; 3,983 bushels wheat ; 1,445 bar- rels pork ; 860 barrels flour. The property was mostly- advanced on during the previous Win- ter, and was consigned to an Eastern market. On the date stated 3,000 bushels wheat were sold in Toledo at 82 cents, free on board Lake vessel. Orders were in the market for wheat at 87 cents, deliverable in Buftalo. The receipts by rail (Erie and Kalamazoo Road) for the pre- ceding week, amounted to 1,580 bushels of wheat, and 890 barrels flour. The flrst arrival at Toledo from Cincinnati, via the Miami and Erie Canal, took jjlace June 27, 1845. Abner L. Backus was appointed Canal Col- lector at Maumee City, in April, 1844. In August, 1847, Slate Engineers surveyed Swan Creek on its East side with reference to the location thereon of a tou -path for Canal Boats. The reason given for choosing that side, was, that the West side was occujtied by different establishments, including the Distil- lery of Kraus, Eoemer&Co.; the Lumber Yard of Joel W. Kelsey ; the new Warehouse of Fitch & Co.; the Boat Yard of Mr. Arnold, where one Lake craft and several Canal Boats were in progress. June 28, 1847, the packet boat Empire, Cap- tain Wiggin, left Dayton by the Miami and Erie Canal, and arrived at Toledo on the morning of the 30th. The Blade contained a card from j^assengers on the trip, expressing their high apjireciation of " the comforts and accommodations furnished to them on the boat," etc. Among the signers to the card were Gov- ernor Wm. Bebb, Ex-Governor Thomas Corwin, Robert C. Schcnck, John G. Lowe, H. G. Phil- lips, J. Wilson Williams, Edmund Smith, Ed- ward W. Davies and A. H. Dunlevy — most of them residents of Dayton. The time occupied by the trip was 48 hours. That was considered " fast traveling." ]5y rail the distance has since been made in 3i hours. The following statement by Jones & Taylor, merchants, at Cincinnati, of goods received by them at the dates named, shows something of the condition of transportation between that City and the East in 1845 (two years after the opening of the Miami and Brie Canal) : Received September 27, 1845, by Canal-boat con- nected with Griffith's line via Toledo, sundry pack- ages of dry goods, 7,027 pounds, at $1.15 (per 100) from New York to Cincinnati ; amount of cost, $82.- 88, covering all charges. Received September 29, 1845, by Steamer Ohio Mail, sundry boxes merchandise through the Penn- sylvania Canal, weighing 5,824 pounds, on which the freight (40 cents from Pittsburg) and charges amount to $170.62, or $2.94 per 100. As the result of interruptions in transporta- tion, caused by breakage in the Miami and Erie Canal, in 1845, the cost of transporting a barrel of flour from Cincinnati to New York via To- ledo, advanced from 81.15 to $2.00. The journey from New York to St. Louis via Buftalo, Toledo, Lafayette and Torre Haute, was made in October, 1847, in " the short space of eight days." The traveler went to Albany by steamer; thence to Buffalo by cars ; to To- ledo by " one of the floating palaces of Lake Erie ;" to Lafayette by " one of Doyle & Dick- ey's fine packets;" and thence in three days' time in " one of I. & P. Vorhees' fine post- coaches." The editor of the Blade, in a letter dated " Packet Erie, off Defiance, March 27, 1848," after referring to Captain Wiggam as "a gen- tlemanly, accommodating man, who kept order on his boat and a good table," said : "After all, the Packet, though not so rapid, is preferable to the Railroad. The eating, sleeping, and, in short, all the comforts and conveniences except rapidit}', arc greatly superior. As to speed, they do well, too, and make a pretty good ad- vance in 24 hours." The Canal tolls at Toledo in 1847 amounted to $63,869, a gain of $13,831 over 1846. The number of boats in commission at Toledo was 417, with an unusual number being built. The number of Canal Boats clearing from Toledo, 1848, was 3,753; their aggregate ton- 448 HrSTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. nage, 142,071,204 pounds; tolls paid, 81 17,220.25. The steam Canal packet Nias^ara arrived at Toledo on the morninfjj of September 24, 1849, having left Cincinnati on the evening of the i;»th, stopping at all points intermediate. The tirst arrival of a Canal boat at Toledo from Terre Haute, Indiana, was that of the E. A. Hannagan, Captain Robinson, November 5, 1849. The pioneer Canal-Steamer of the West, is believed to have been the Scarecrow, which left Toledo in November, 1859, for Franklin, with a cargo of lumber. She was about the size of an ordinary Canal Boat, and for power had a email portable engine, similar to tho.se used on pile-drivers. From the fly-wheel a belt ex- tended down to a pulley in the stern, to which a propeller- wheel three feet in diameter was attached. The Canal Propeller Union, Captain Wm. Sabin, arrived at Toledo, May 25, 1862, from Lafa3'ette, with a cargo of 1,750 bushels of wheat, and having in tow a Canal Boat with 2,050 bushels grain, 20 barrels pork and two casks ham, the whole cargo being 115 tons. The time of the trip was 5 days, 22J hours, of which 19 hours was occupied in stopping, making the running time 5 daj's, 3^ hours, for 204 miles, or 1.62 miles per hour. Her best time was 5 miles per hour. No more direct and determined contests for supremacy in trade have occurred in the West, than were those long existing between the Canals and the Baihvays of Ohio. They were waged for life, and led to some remarkable re- sults. Wherever the two agencies in trade came in competition, rates were made ver}' low ; but relieved of such competition, it was in manj' cases the policy of Railways to compel non- competing points to make good the losses sustained at competing points. Two or three cases in point may be cited. At one time, the price for transporting wheat from Tontogany, Wood County, to Toledo (23 miles), over tlie Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton Railway, was 7 cents per bushel : while, by same Road, from Troy, Miami County, 99 miles further South, the price was but 6 cents per bushel — the ex- planation being that Troy was on the line of the Miami and Erie Canal, while Tontogany was dependent wholly on the Railway for facilities. About the time of the foregoing case, the rate for transportation of wheat by the Wabash Railway to Toledo from Emerald (61 miles in distance) was 14 cents per bushel ; while the rate by the same Road from Lafay- ette to Toledo (203 miles) was but 12 cents— Lafayette being on the Wabash Canal, and Emerald without such competition. Like re- sults from competition between rival lines of Railway are seen on many hands ; but rarely in as great degree as between Railway and Water routes. This was no doubt due to the fact, that success in such extreme competition was more hopeful with Railways when waged against Water lines of traffic. This contest was not without vigorous re- sistance on the part of the Canal authorities from the aggression of Railways. In 1852, the Ohio Board of Public Works first took definite steps in that direction. At that time, the chief comjietition was between Cincinnati and I)ay- ton, and between Dayton and the Lake — in the former case the Cincinnati, Hamilton and Day- ton, and in the other the Mad River and Lake Erie (now Indianapolis, Burlington and West- ern) Road, competing with the Miami and Erie Canal. For a time, the Board had undertaken to maintain the traffic of the Canal by reduc- tions in tolls ; but the Railroads met these with corresponding reductions. Such policy not meeting the purpose, the Board deemed itself compelled to resort to more thorough means. These it found in a jilan for preventing Rail- roads from crossing the Canals of the State. The Board then consisted of A. P. Miller, Geo. W. Manypenny and James B. Steedman. In March, 1852, the Ohio House of Representa- tives called upon the Board " to report by what authority Railroad Companies have been per- mitted to erect bridges over the Canals of the State for the passage of cars ; the means adopted by such Companies to obtain the transporta- tion of freight, which, at proper rates for trans- portation, would pass upon the Canals ; what effect the removal of such bridges would have upon said Roads; and whether any legislation be necessary for the removal of said bridges." In replying to this call, the Board discussed the subject at some length. It declared all such bridges to exist without authority of law ; spoke of the competition with the Canals as most damaging to their traflic, and detailed facts to show this; and then set forth the remedy for the evil which the Board would ad- vise, to wit : There are many ways in which they (the Rail- roads) can be reached. Let the State repeal all the criminal laws which protect these Roads from depre- dation, and the Companies would soon sue for mercy. So, the removal of all the bridges erected by them without authority across the Public Works of the State, would so increase the expenses of transporta- tion upon Railroads, and so delay travel, as to cause tlipm to submit to a sy.stem of freightage required by their own true interests and the interests of the State. This Board has already passed an order for the removal of these bridges by the first of June next. We have also ordered our Engineers and Superintendents to prevent tlie erection of any more bridges across the Canals by Railroad Companies. We would also suggest the propriety of passing a law prohibiting Railroad Companies from shipping pro- duce, merchandise or other articles from within 20 miles of the Canals, at less freight per mile than the highest rate charged for transportation on any other part of the Road. The report of the Board closed as follows : If these Railroads would be content with doing their legitimate business, both they and the Canals CANALS. 449 might prosper ; but unfortunatelj- they are owned and controlled mostly by foreign capitalists, who feel no symjiatliy with the people of the State or its pros- perity, and are guided only by the hope of large dividends. Against tbe eli'orts of these capitalists, the State should early erect barricades, and carefully guard them, or it will soon find, when too late, the Public Works are entirely at their mercy. In the course of construction of tlie Central Ohio Road, which had been finished from New- ark to Zanesviile, the Board of Public Works, through Mr. Manypenny, in charge of the Canal at the latter jwint, interfered and tilled in a pit dug for an abutment for a bridge over the Canal, and threatened to employ force to jjrevent lurther step.s toward such structure by the Eailroad Company. Whereupon, that Com- pany applied to Judge E. C. llurd, of the Lick- ing Common Pleas Court, for an injunction, restraining the Board from further interlerence. The question was decided by Judge Hurd, in an opinion of some length, in which he re- viewed the material facts and law of the case. He held, that the right granted by the Legisla- ture to the Eailroad Company " to construct a Eailroad " on a certain line, with " the right to enter upon land, to survey and lay down said Eoad," included the right to build the bridges necessary to the Road on such line, and that Canals were no exception in such case. Hence, it was not necessary that the Board of Public Works be consulted as to the construction of bridges over Canals, but had " the right to select their ground and proceed to erect their work, wholly independent of the Board ;" the only limit to such right being, that the bridges "should not destroy or substantiall^'or unneces- sarily obstruct the proper and accustomed use of the Canal," which point was to be decided, not by the Board, but by the Courts. This contest, to a greater or less extent, has continued, with pretty constant advance ol the Railways upon the domain of the Canals, until the struggle seems nearing its end. Several years ago, the Indiana portion of the Wabash and Erie Canal was abandoned throughout. The Section between the Indiana State line and the junction with the Miami and Erie C"anal,was in operation until tlie clojieofthe season of 1886, its chief traffic being timber and wood. For some years past the people of Paulding County, living in the vicinity of the Eeservoir upon which this Canal depended for water, had been strongly opposed to the continuance of that body of water, on the ground of its deleterious effect upon the health of the surrounding coun- try, and had appealed to the State authorities of Ohio for the abatement of the same as a nui- sance. Such request not being comjilied with, ])arties unknown during the presontyear (1.SS7) so far destroyed the banks of the Reservoir as to render it useless, and to deprive the Wahash branch of means indispensable to its operation. The Miami and Erie Canal (Toledo and Cin- cinnati) is still operated throughout, though with marked diminution of traffic. It yet transports to Toledo a portion of the jiroduce grown on its line in the region of St. Mary's, as it does more or less of local freights on the Southern half of its line ; but the aggregate is in marked contrast with the traffic of former y'ears. The Section of this Canal between the locks in Toledo and the connection with the Eiver at Manhattan was vacated in 187(1. Its traffic had never been such as, on the score of business, to warrant its construction. The Eiver connection at Maumee was even more disappointing in its results, and many^ year.s since was practically abandoned. Tlie extent and directionsof the lossofCanal traffic at Toledo are indicated by the following table, showing tlie amounts of receipts and shipments at that point during the years 18G3 and 18t!4, and for the year 1886 : CO.MP.\R.\TIVE RECEIPTS. 1864. lSfi3. 1886. Flour, bbls 241.130 247,2.')!) 4,710 Wheat, bus 1,942,970 1,942,970 767,712 Corn, bus 246,21.5 248,131 ti!i,911 Oats, bus 19,112 16,562 8,760 Pork, bills 14,965 26,877 Hides, lbs 14,290 59,4,8.5 Lard, lbs 627,609 1,765,632 Oil Cake, lbs 2,139,675 2,759,841 Staves, No 963,191 1,064,222 Lumber, ft 6,306,000 2,449,418 519,600 Timber, cub. ft 270,277 -10,168 149,200 AVood, cords 4,486 2,999 4,196 Wool, lbs 50,619 15,729 COMP.\R.\TIVE SHIP.MENTS. 1864. 1863. 1886. Barley, bus___ _. 2,906 Wheat, bus 58,003 21,806 22,615 Iron, lbs 111,271 714,991 2,000 Iron Ore, lbs 4,0.58,880 Ice, lbs 23,514,000 Powder 34,836 Coal, lbs 2,.506 25,522 606,000 Salt, lbs 50,659 70,942 3,908 Lath 4,925,000 4,665,000 1,097,000 ShinMes 8,781,000 8,616,000 545,000 Lumber, ft 27,431,312 18,255,713 2,008,100 CHAPTEK IX. EARLY CANAL AND LAKE TEAFFIO. I^UV, Ei'ie Canal was first opened for traffic in the Fall of 1825. Previous to that time finished ])ortions of the same had been used tor trafBc more or less, and immediately there- after the entire line came to be supplied with facilities as fast as experience and the develop- ment of the trade would admit; but these re- mained very imjjerfect durini; the ensuing year. In January, 1827, appeared the first an- nouncement of a " Through Line," affording accommodations to be made available by con- tract with I'egular agents. It was known as the Troy Steam and Tow-Boat Line (on the Hudson River), or the Ti-oy and Black Rock Line of Canal Boats (on the Canal). The "best of Schooners on the Lake" connected with this line. The local agents of the same were as follows : P. Hart, Jr., New York ; G. P. Griffith & Co., Troy ; D. Griffith & Co., Syra- cuse ; Brown & Griffith, Rochester; Sheldon, Thompson & Co., Buffalo ; and William Town- send, Sandusky, Ohio. The latter was the only agent West of Buffalo, and he advertised that "a number ot first-class teams " were emplo} ed bj' the Line for freight between Sandusky and Cincinnati or intermediate points. The senior of the Rochester firm of Brown & Griffith, was the late Matthew Brown, of Toledo. Very few of his acquaintances were aware of the relation he bore to tlie pioneer transportation line of the Erie Canal. At the request of the writer, Mr. Brown, a short time previous to his death, furnished the following statement of the in- auguration of traffic on the Erie Canal, and its connection with the Lakes. He said: The Erie Canal was commenced in 1817, the first shovel of earth having been thrown on the 4th of July of that year, at Rome, Oneida County. The work was pushed with great energy, and in the latter part of October, 182.5, the flotilla from Lake Erie reached New York City, where it was welcomed with great pomp and impcsing ceremonies. The Canal Commissioners very judiciously commenced the work in the central part of the State, where the levels were long and the bulk of the work consisted of excavations. The people of the State were not slow in availing themselves of the facilities offered by the work, as different sections were completed. Many single boats were at once put in commission, and several Transportation Companies were organ- ized. As might be expected, these were composed, in great measure, of those who had been engaged in similar pursuits, viz. : Mohawk River Boatmen and broad-tire wagons, formerly employed in the trans- portation of freight over substantially the same route. At the time of the opening of the Canal, my father (Dr. Matthew Brown) was a large property holder in Rochester and was engaged in several in- dustrial pursuits, the principal of which was the manufacture of flour for the New York market. For want of lietter help, a good deal of the management of tlie business fell to me. I liad considerable as.sist- ance from a younger brother (the late Henry H. Brown, of Detroit). We had, like other millers, at times much difficulty in getting our flour to market, and it was deemed best to own two or three Canal Boats. The result was, that during the Winter of 1825-26, we laid the keels of four Boats, to whicli a fifth one was added the following Spring. The Boats were of the flrst-class of that day, and carried about ,S0 tons, with accommodations for passengers. Mr. G. P. Griffith, of Troy, was the proprietor of a small line of eight or 10 Boats. He proposed to me to visit Buffalo and enlist the co-operation of Lake ship-owners there (with whom he had been in corre- spondence), in the formation of a line to run through from Lake Erie to Troy, in connection with a house (Pattison & Hart) who were about to establish a line of Tow-Boats on the Hudson. To make a long .story short, the Canal line was formed, with a capital of 120,000— Sheldon, Thompson & Co.,andTownsend & Coit, of Buffalo, owning one-quarter; G. P. Griffith & Co., of Troy, about one-half; my fatlier the value of four boats ; while Griffith &. Brown (Evan Griffith and myself) had a small interest, and were the agents at Rochester. Such was the commencement of the famous (as I may now call it) Troy and Erie Line, which, with its correspondents at the several Lake ports, was not a whit behind the best of its contemporaries. I was in this organization four years, and after some episod- ical experience in other ventures, found myself in the Spring of 183(5 a junior partner of the house of Coit, Kimberly & Co., Buft'alo, which succeeded the two houses mentioned above. John L. Kimberly, now living, was the active head manager at Buffalo. I came to Toledo in 184.3, and have been a member of several firms engaged in the shipping and commission business. A prominent part of the Canal traffic then consisted in passenger business by Packet Boats; and Mrs. Matthew Brown well remem- bers the active part she took in the manufac- ture of pillow-slips for the Packets of the Pio- neer line of the Erie Canal, in which she soon became more deeply interested by marriage with one of its owners. In Ma}-, 1827, a second transportation line (the Pilot Line of Canal Boats) was announced, with the following agents: Shankland, Brace & Co., New York; Joy & Webster, Buffalo; and Wilcoxson, Swearingin & Co., Sandusky. It is proper here to state, that, with the excep- tion of Detroit, Sandusky was then the most Western point of commercial importance on the lino of the Lakes. There was then no Cliicago or Milwaukee, while the trade of the Maumee [450] EARLY CANAL AND LAKE TRAFFIC. 451 River was confined to the local traffic at Perrys- burg and Maumee City, Toledo uot having been heard, if thought of. Sanduskj^'s 8upori- oritj- arose in the interior and Southern trade supplied from that point. As early as December, 1827, a movement took place toward organization among the masters of Vessels on Lake Erie. As stated by the Buffalo Joitrnal (then edited by Oran Follett, Esq., now of Sandu.sky), a meeting of such commanders was held in that Citj', wlien were passed resolutions, in which was set forth the necessity of masters acquiring a more per- fect knowledge of Lake navigation, in conse- quence of the growing importance of their call- ing, for which purpose the " Lake Erie Mai-ine Society " was organized. In 1838, the cost of transportation of freight between New York and Toledo, was $22.00 per ton — via Erie Canal and the Lake. The rate from New York to Chicago was $:-!2.00. From Toledo to Chicago, the charge was $10.00 per ton. These rates \\ ere the average for Summer traffic, tliose for tiic later portion of the season being sometimes higher, reaching $4.00 per barrel bulk between Buffalo and Chicago. To these charges were added the cost for insur- ance, which, between Biittaio and Chicago, amounted to $12.50 per ton ; and between Toledo and Chicago, $8.H4 per ton — thus mak- ing the aggregate Buffalo and Chicago cost, $44.50 per ton, and that between Toledo and Chicago, $18.34. Tlie charge for passengers by Steamboats from Toledo and Detroit to Chi- cago, were — for cabin, $20.00; and for deck, $12.00. It was then estimated that with a Hailroad between Tolcdoand Cliicago (Sche- nectady ; Treat & Carter, Buffalo ; H. Wright & to., Rochester ; Scott & Carter, Cleveland ; Forsyth & Hazard, Maiimee City ; Mead, Kellogg & Co., Detroit. In 1S3S, James Wolcott & Co (J. Wolcott, A. J. Hackley and James Howe) were Agents at Maumee City for the following Erie Canal Lines: The Na- tional Line ; the New York and Bufi'alo, and Utica and Buflalo Lines ; the Oswego Line (via Oswego and Welland Canals) ; and the l^ake and River Line, via Oswego and Welland Canals. In the Spring of 1841, there were 50 Steam- boats on the Lakes. Of these, 20 constituted four regular lines running out of Buffalo, as follows : To Chicago — The Illinois, Great Western, Madi- son, Missouri, Wisconsin and Rochester. To Detroit — The Cleveland, Erie, Buffalo, Constellation, New England, and Bunker Hill. To Toledo — The Consti- tution, Wayne, Fulton, Clinton, Perry and Ver- million. Beside these, the Chautauqua and Fairport ran to Erie. The Steamboat Toledo was launched at Toledo, August 16, 1841. She was built by Captains Church and Keating. A marked peculiarity of the case, was the fact that in- toxicating liquors were excluded from the yard and shops during the construction of the Boat. The consequence was, that the emploj'ees at all times conducted themselves with "the utmost order and decorum," and won the special re- spect of the community. 30 A " Steamboat Combination " was formed by seven Boats constituting the Buffalo and Toledo daily line in 1842, to wit: The Gen. Wayne, Benj. Franklin, Jiochester, Gen. Har- rison, Gen. Scott, Kobert Fulton and Com. Perry. The rates of fare (19 per cent, less than 1841) were as follows : From Buffalo to Cleveland— cabin, 14.50 ; dock, $2.50 ; to Toledo and Detroit, 16.50 and $3.00; Mackinaw, $16.00 and $8.00 ; Milwaukee and Chicago, $18.00 and $10.00. The Steamboat Lidiana, Captain I. T. Pheatt, went first into service in June, 1842. She was of 600 tons; length of deck, 177 feet; breadth of beam, 26 feet. She came to be one of the most popular Boats on the Lakes. The first Propeller run on Lake Erie was built at Buffalo by Bidwell, Banta & Co. for Messrs. Hollister of that City. Its consort, the Sampson, was built the same season, at Perrysburg, as was the Emigrant, at Cleve- land. It was said that the last two cleared tiie entire cost of construction during that and the succeeding year (1844). With its name changed to Hercules, the Emigrant was still in service as late as 1862, when she was owned at Detroit and emploj-ed in the Toledo and Lake Huron trade. In 1852, the Toledo and Buffalo line of Steamers, running in connection with the Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Eailroad, began the use of anthracite coal, which is said to have been the introduction of that article for fuel on the Lakes. The first Atlantic Steamer at Toledo, was the Free Trader, which arrived from Montreal Ma}' 19, 1848, having been nine days on the waj-. She stopjjed at Hamilton, Port Stanley and Cleveland, and her sailing time was six days. Her stowage capacity was 3,500 barrels of Flour, and was propelled by a low pressure engine of 75-horse power, at about 12 miles per hour. She was built expressly for the Lake and Atlantic trade, and owned by Hooker, Horton & Co., Montreal. It was calculated that Flour could be taken from Toledo to Mon- treal for 45 cents per barrel ; Wheat for 10 cents; and heavy freights for $4.50 per ton. Tolls on the Welland and St. Lawrence Canals were then 10 cents for Flour, and 3J| cents for Wheat. The first iron Propeller emplojed on the Lakes, was built in 1862, at Buffalo, by David Bell, for E. T. Evans. She was 200 feet over all, 29 feet beam, and 14 feet deep; engine, low pressure, 40-inch bore, 36-inch stroke; boiler, nine feet diameter and 18 long, wheel, 10 feet diameter; cost, $68,000 — engine and boiler costing $14,000. In July, 1862, Smith & Rogers completed for J. Adam Grauff a new Steamer lor pleasure uses. The hull was 26 feet in length, six feet wide, and two feet deep. The engine was of two-horse power, with throe-inch bore and 5^ 458 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. inch stroke. The boiler, built by Hotzman & Co. of Toledo, was five feet in length, made in tiie form of first-class Steamboat boilers, and capable of propelling the craft at the rate of eight miles per hour. It was named Dodd I. Kins:, after a son of Charles A. King, Toledo. The New York Central Propeller Line (Butfalo and Toledo) was composed as follows, in the Spring of 1863 : Toledo, Capt. Thomas Watts ; Marquette, Capt. Harry Watts ; Equi- nox, Capt. James F. Snow ; Eclipse, Capt. Thomas Crosby; Equator, Capt. J. G. Hinde ; Cuyahoga, Capt. Eelley; Orontes, Capt. Neil Carney ; Arexes, Capt. John Parsons. Alfred Chesebrough was then the Agent of the Cen- tral Eoad, and John B. Carson of the Propeller Line. The Erie Eailway Steamboat line between Bufi"alo and Toledo in 1864, included the fol- lowing Boats: AYabash, Capt. John Kirby ; Passaic, Capt. James S. Mitchell ; Canisteo, Capt. Geo. Blackman ; New York, Capt. H. A. Sisson; Acme, Capt. J. W. Hathaway ; Elmira, Capt. Wm. Thorne ; Pittsburgh, Capt. Simon Monro. S. D. Caldwell was the manager of the line; Washington Bullard, the Toledo Agent; and Alonzo Godard the Toledo Con- signee. From 1827 to 1864, the earliest opening of Buffalo harbor was March 7, 1842, and the latest Majr 16, 1837, the average being about April 15th. The Propeller Phcenix was burned in Lake Michigan, 17 miles fi-om Sheboygan, November 21, 1847, with loss of 200 lives, of whom 150 were Hollanders. It was the most serious event of the kind that then had occurred. The Propeller was owned by Pease & Allen, Buffalo. Among the lost was the Second Engineer, W. Owen, of Toledo. Up to July, 1838, there had been on Lake Erie Steamboat accidents, endangering human life, as follows : That of the Walk-iu-the- Water, near Buffalo, 1822 — no lives lost. The (first) Washington, at Point Albino, Canada, 1833 — no lives lost. The Pioneer, on Lake Michigan, 1834 — no lives lost. Second Wash- ington, June, 1833, burned, with loss of 20 to 30 lives. Beside these casualties, boilers exploded on the William Peacock, with loss of eight or 10 lives, and on the Com. Perry, with lo.ss of one life. Within three years, ended July, 1860, five Brigs, 40 Schooners, 10 Barques and eight Tugs were taken from the Lakes for use on the Atlantic, in consequence of the extreme depres- sion of trade here. The Lake traffic, since soon afler the opening of the lines of Eailway along the Southern shore of Lake Erie and through Canada, has been undergoing change, both in modes and extent. For some years, those interested in the water route felt much confidence that the chief traffic of the new rival would be transporting during the Winter season more or less of freight which otherwise would await the ojDening of navigation, there being no serious apjirehension of competition while the water course was open. This view was favoi'ed by the lack of facilities with the Eailway to dispose of the traffic. But as these were increased and new lines opened, the water route gradually came to realize that it iiad something substantial to compete with in its new rival. The Steamboats wei-e first to suffer in the loss of their best traffic — that of passen- gers — which early began to seek the more rapid transit. Ere long, propellers were em- ployed, with double purpose of accommodating the limited travel and providing for the growing grain trade and Westward-bound freights. For many years, these were maintained with more or less success ; but the advance of the land competitor was unabated, and in time the pro- peller gradually yielded its gi'ound, as had done the side-wheeler and tiie sail. Meantime, steam was employed to considerable extent in the movement of Barges, though these were chiefly employed West of Buftalo, and largely between Lake Erie and Lakes Huron and Superior, in trafiic not accessible by rail competition. 1862. 1886. Michigan Southern R. R Wabash R R. 2,850,694 2,565,958 1,277,006 3,007,204 1,467 125,000 Davton & Michigan R. R Canal Lake 230,311 182,000 Teams Tol., St. L. & Kan. C. R. R. Tol., Ann Arbor & N. M. R. R. 300,000 441,049 204,810 Tol. & Ohio Central R. R 186,643 316,000 Michigan Central R. R 79,200 Col., H. V. & Tol. R. R Wheeling & L. E. R. R 473,840 9,810 Tol., Col. & Southern R. R. 44,500 Michigan & Ohio R. R., 225,491 Totals 9,827,629 10,717,145 1862. 1886. Lake ... 9,384,774 17,553 204,480 3,313,001 Cleve. & Toledo R. R. . Manufactured here . 1,691,601 1,500,000 Michigan Central R. R 2,350,570 Wabash R. R 225.000 Davton & Michigan R. R _ 350,000 Pennsylvania R. R 840,000 Toledo & Ohio R. R. 100,000 Col., H. V. & Tol. R. R 350,000 Wheeling & L. E. R. R Tol., Ann Arbor & N. M. R. R 325,000 50,000 Tol., Col. & Southern R. R 2,000 Canal . _ 30,600 Totals 9,606,807 11,127,772 LAKE MARINE. 459 It is here seen that in 1862, the Canal brought over 30 per cent, of the Wheat supply ; where- as, in 1886, its delivery was less than 2 per cent. The proportions of disposal in 1862 were, by Lake, 97 per cent., and bj- rail, one-sixth of 1 per cent. The proportions in the case of Flour are also marked. In 1862, the Lake took 61 per cent.; while in 1886, less than one-half of 1 per cent, went by that i-oute. These figures indicate something of the state of the contest between rail and water in this section at the close of the season of 1886. The condition and prospect were not hopeful for " nature's highway." The traffic for 1887 has been much more favorable to the Lake route, freights and prices being more favorable. This, however, is not due so much to a recovery of the breadstuff's traffic, as to large increase in other classes of freights, of which coal for the Northwest is an important item. An eff'ort is now being made to secure a line of Propellers between Toledo and Buff'alo, of which none has existed for some time. CHAPTER XI. HAEBOE IMPEOVEMENTS. THE matter of the navigation facilities of tlie Maumee River, early became atopic of dis- cussion and dispute between the rival Towns on its banks. This issue lay chiefly with the Towns at the foot of the Rapids (Perrysburg and Maumee), and Toledo and Manhattan ; while for a time, the champions of Marengo claimed for that point a combination of the ad- vantages of all other points. The Perrysburg Miami of the Lake, in June, 1834, had this statement of the case : Our River.— As there are mistakes and misstate- ments, doubtless arising in want of correct informa- tion in regard to depth of water at this place, we take the liberty of saying, that according to the state- ment of the Engineer who surveyed the River to the Lake, in 1824, at a low stage of water, there is 6J feet in the rock reef two miles below this place, and 8f feet over the fiats in the Maumee Bay. One foot and nine inches is the difference that can with truth be claimed at any stage of water in favor of any point below. The survey of 1824 here referred to, is stated in the report made at the time by the Ohio Canal Commissioners, as follows : Soundings were taken of the Maumee River and Bay, from the foot of the Rapids to Turtle Island, ofl' the North Cape of the Bay. At the point where it is proposed to erect the dam suggested, there is a rock bottom with 6i feet of water. Below this rock the water increases in a short time to eight and nine feet. At a point between that of Swan Creek, a mile above Grassy Point, about eight feet of water is found, and on the bar in the Bay, 8J to nine feet. The first Light-houses provided for Lake Erie were those at Fairport and on the Penin- sula, Sandusky Bay in 1826. The same year were made the first appropriations for the im- provement of Harbors on the Lake West of Buffalo, as follows : For Buffalo, $15,000 ; Grand River, Ohio, $.5,600 ; Ashtabula, $12,000; Cunningham Creek, $2,000; Huron, $5,000; Survey of Sandusky Bay, to ascer- tain the expediency and expense of improving the same, $400 ; for survey of La Plaisance Bay, Michi- gan, $200. The first provision made for the better navi- gation of the Maumee River and Bay, consisted of the erection of a Light-house on Turtle Island. The Island was purchased of the Government in 1827 at public sale at Monroe, Michigan. In May, 1831, it was sold to the United States by Edward Bissell, then a resi- dent of Lockport, New York, for $300. It then contained 6.68 acres. The original Light- house there was erected in 1831. The editor of the Toledo Gazette (Samuel Allen), July 2, 1836, made the following statement in that connection, to wit: Turtle Island, upon which the Light-house is erected at the entrance of Maumee Bay, was since our recollection, sufficiently large for a farm of mod- erate size, and a considerable portion of it covered with wood. Before the erection of the Light-house (in 1831), it was reduced to about two acres. Not- withstanding the Government has been vigilant in fortifying it for the past two or three seasons, it is now reduced to something less than an acre, and is gradu- ally wasting, insomuch that the structure is in dan- ger, without the immediate care of the Government. The immense increase of commercial business in this (the Maumee) River, demands some prompt action, not only on the part of the citizens of Toledo, but the neighboring Towns. The matter of a " Straight Channel " or of any channel in the Bay better than that pro- vided by nature, had not at that time occupied the thoughts of Toledoans. In 1834, soundings in the Maumee River from the foot of the Rapids to Turtle Island, were taken under authority of the Ohio Canal Commissioners. The chief results were — that the shallowest water between the points named, was found on the rock bar, where it was 6i feet deep. Between that point and the Bay it was from eight to nine feet, and on the bar in the Bay, about the same. This testimony to a minimum depth of 6 J feet, was at the time re- garded as a matter of special importance to Perrysburg and Maumee City. This survey was made with reference to the practicability and advantages of slack-water navigation via the River to Fort Wayne and a Canal. It had been jjroposcd to improve the River, by means of dams and locks, for navigation by Steam- boats to Defiance, and by Canal thence to Fort Wa3-ne. In 1835, the small appropriation of 1700 was made by Congress for placing buoys in the Bay. This is said to have been secured largely through the personal efforts of Isaac S. Smith. It is quite remarkable, considering the recog- nized importance of the commerce of Toledo, Perrysbui-g and Maumee, dating back for 50 years, that no steps were taken for the improve- ment of the entrance to the Maumee River until" 1866. As shown elsewhere, measures were taken for such end in the case of Monroe Harbor, as early as 1835 ; in that of Huron, in [460J HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 461 1826 ; in that of Vermillion, in 1836 ; and in that of Sandusky, in 1844 — each of these ante- dating Toledo by over 20 years. Until about the year 1866, the natural depth of water in the channel through the Bay, was found to ac- commodate nearly .ill of the crafts visiting the Eiver. With the increasing draft of vessels, however, additional water was found neces- sary. The depth then deemed necessary was 14 iPeet, at mean low water in the Lake, with a breadth of 120 feet throughout the passage. For the provision of such accommodations, work was commenced in 1866, and was prose- cuted annually to greater or less extent until the close of the season of 1872. At this time, it was found that the plan upon which the im- provement had been prosecuted was not ade- quate to the demand of the rapidly increasing draft of Ijake shipping employed in the Toledo trade. In December of that year, a communi- cation on the subject was addressed by the Toledo Board of Trade to the Secretary of War, asking that stejjs be taken for the pre- ■servation and improvement of the Harbor, which paper was referred to a Board of United States Engineers, with instructions to report a plan which should afford " an entrance-chan- nel of not less than 15 feet depth at the lowest stage of water," and such other accommoda- tions as should be found desirable. In accordance with such instructions, sur- veys wei'c made and a plan adopted, which consisted of a Straight channel from the mouth of the Maumee River, to the West and North of Turtle Island, passing through North Cape, to the Lake, the same to be with revetments and dikes. For the prosecution of this plan a small appropriation was made in 1884, but was not ex]jended. In 1887, the Board of Govern- ment Engineers so changed the plan and route for the proposed Straight channel, as to locate it direct from the mouth of the River to the Lake, passing Turtle Island on the South and East, the work to be with revetments and dikes, as found necessary. Work has not been com- menced on this plan, for want of necessary ap- proj)riation, which will probabl-y be made at the session of Congress beginning in Decem- ber, 1887. The matter is one of deep concern to Toledo and the vast country looking to that port as a commei'cial outlet. The total amount appropriated for the im- provement of Toledo Harbor fioin 1866 to June 30, 1885, was $704,446.19. A brief statement of the several Harbor im- provements within the Toledo Congressional District, as now constituted (comprising the Counties of Lucas, Ottawa, Sandusky and Erie), will not be out of place. Taking the Harbors in the chronological order of their improvement, that at the mouth of Huron River, Erie County, will come first. Work upon it w'as commenced in 1826, when $5,000 was appropriated for the purpose. The improvement consists in the building of two parallel piers of crib-work, fillod with loose stone and covered witii plank, which form the sides of a Canal or artificial Harbor. This ex- tends from the mouth of the River for 1,040 feet, until it reaches a depth of 12 feet of water in the Lake, and is 120 feet in width ; the chan- nel being 12 feet in depth. The work was com- pleted in 1866, since which time minor repairs have been made from time to time. There is a Light-house on ihe head of the West pier, with a light of fixed white of the fourth order. For a period of about 35 years, Huron occupied a prominent position in Lake commerce, much of that time having more traffic than any other port on Lake Erie West of Cleveland. For this, it was indebted chiefly to the trade of the Milan Ship Canal from 1839 until about 1856— Milan for much of that time being the largest primary grain market on the entire chain of Lakes. With the opening of the Lake Shore Railway, in 1852, Milan's trade fell off, being followed by the closing and abandonment of the Canal, whereby the commerce of Huron was made verj" small. The revenue collected at the latter place in the year ended June 30, 1878, was $64.85; the number of entrances and clearances of vessels, 252; with a total tonnage of 23,670. Appropriations for the Harbor at Huron had then been as follows: 1826 15,000 1828 4,413 1829 5,935 1830 1,880 1831 3.480 1832 -- 1,500 1834 6,700 1836.. 4,300 1837 2,565 1838 $ 5,000 1844 5,000 1852 10,000 1866 39,000 1874 - 1,500 1875 1,000 1878 - 1,000 Total $98,273 It may here be added, that for many years, commencing about 1826, Huron was the chief point West of Buffalo for Ship-building, espe- cially for Steamboats ; as Milan also was for Sail Vessels during the operation of the Canal. The second Harbor improvement within the territory named, was that at the mouth of Ver- million River, which is substantially the same as that at Huron, the parallel piers extending for a distance of 1,250 feet; being 100 feet apart; and reaching 12 feet of water. The work was commenced in 1836. During the year ended June 30, 1878, the revenue collec- tions amounted to $39.80, and there were 83 arrivals and clearances at Vermillion, with a tonnage of 8,314. Appropriations were made for the Harbor as follows : 1836 $10,000 00 1837 20,000 00 1838 23,626 57 1866 15,315 74 1872 5,000 00 1873.... 12,000 00 The main inducement to the first improve- ment of this Harbor consisted of the Vermillion 1874 .. .. $ 3,000 00 1875... ... 10,000 00 1876... ,5,060 00 1878..,. 4.000 00 Total $107,942 31 462 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. and Ashland Railroad, wliich was projected at the time of comnionccmcnt of the work at the mouth of the River. The construction of the Railway was commenced, and for a time vigor- ously prosecuted, with high hopes of success; but "in the financial crash following 1837, it went down, without any portion of the line having been completed. Next in order comes the Sandusky Harbor, the first appropriation for which was made in 1844. The plan of improvement consisted of dredging out the natural Ship-channel through Sandusky Bay to the East of Johnson's Island, known as the "West Channel. The revenue collections for the year ended June 30, 1878, amounted to $4,242.95; the entrances and clearances being 3,172, with a total tonnage of 550,603. Appropriations were made as follows : 1844. 1852- 1864. 1866. 1870. 1872 13,000 .$15,000 1873 $25,000 . 15,000 1874 25.000 . 10,000 1875 25,000 . 38,580 1876 25,000 10,000 1878 20,000 Total $221,580 The last Harbor improvement commenced in this District, was that at Port Clinton. For this purpose, a survey and estimate were made in 1867, the latter approximating $89,000. A second survey (with new plan and estimate) was made in 1870, the cost being placed at $120,000. The first plan consisted in deepen- ing by dredging to the depth of eight feet the narrow channel leading from the mouth of Portage River to deep water in the Lake ; also running a timber revetment of 1,000 feet length along the Peninsula, on the North side of the River at its entrance, for the purpose of protec- tion. The work of dredging was commenced in 1872, but the cut made was soon filled by the washing back of the material taken out, which made necessary the revetment or catch-sand fence, which has answered the purpose in checking the movement of the sand. In 1875, work was commenced on a second plan, which consists in forming an artificial Harbor, by confining and directing the flow of the River toward the nearest point of the required depth of water in the Lake. The result of this plan was not as satisfactory as expected, and changes in plan were found necessary. The amount of revenue collected at Port Clinton for the year ended June 30, 1878, was $125.65 ; the number of entrances and clearances, 462 ; total tonnage, 34,518. Appropriations were made for this Harbor as follows : 1872 $8,000 1878 $10,000 1873 2,000 1875 5,000 Total $30,000 1876 5,000 In this connection, a sketch of the improve- ment of the Monroe (Michigan) Harbor will be pertinent. That Harbor is not a natural, but an artificial one, formed by the construction of wooden piers out from the Lake shore at a point 1^ miles to the Northward of the mouth of the Raisin River, a sluggish stream, usually without perceptible current. Approaching its mouth, it passes through low marshes covered with grass and weeds. The piers, 100 feet apart for a distance, and then spreading out, are extended to a depth of 10 feet, at low water. One pier is 1,350, and the other 925 feet in length. Connected with this Harbor, H miles from the River mouth and at the junction with Little Sandy Creek, is what is known as the United States Ship Canal. Some 3,200 feet by the River from this Canal, another is en- tered, called the Monroe City Canal, for the reason that it was constructed by that City for the purpose of straightening and shortening the water-course by a bed of the River. The dis- tance from Monroe to the Lake shore by these communications, is about 3^ miles, to wit : The Monroe City Canal, 1,300 feet, and the United States, 4,650 feet, each being 100 feet in width, with 11 feet of water. The work was com- menced during the Toledo War (1835), which no doubt operated to invest the improvement with special interest on the part of the Michi- gan people, as calculated to strengthen Monroe in its rivahy with Toledo. Additional impor- tance was given the same, by the commence- ment, soon thereafter, of the Michigan Southern Railroad, of which Monroe was the Eastern terminus, and which was expected to control Western trafSc, as against the Erie and Kala- mazoo Railroad between Adrian and Toledo. From time to time, since the original construc- tion of the improvement, liberal appropriations have been made for perfecting, extending and maintaining the same. The amounts of appro- priations made up to and including the year 1878, were as follows : 1835 $30,000 00 1836 15,000 00 1837 30,000 00 1838 15,000 00 1844 20,000 00 1852 14,000 00 1866 31,015 27 1872 10,000 00 The following statement j)resents a compara- tive showing of the two Harbors of Monroe and Toledo for the year ended June 30, 1878 : 1873 $15,000 00 1874 10,000 00 1875 10.000 00 1876 5,000 00 1S78 2,500 00 $207,515 27 Monroe. 1835. Toledo. 1866. First appropriation made Amount of appropriations to 1878 ....$207,515 27 $544,700 00 Revenue collected, year ended June 30, 1878 - 25 74 15,702 24 Vessels entered and cleared, same time 64 3,792 Tonnage of same 5,327 1,048,504 In the record here made of the several can- didates for prominence as commercial points in this region, LaPlaisance Bay should not be HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 4Ki overlooked. That was a young and hopeful Village, North of Monroe, Michigan, and located on the Bay of the same name. Not much is known of the place, beyond the fact that some 45 years ago it existed and was ambitious of commercial recognition. At one time it con- sidered itself a rival of Monroe,but seems to have surrendered such claim in 1843, as shown by the following public announcement, then made : Notice. — Whereas, the Commissioners of Internal Improvement [of Michigan], in establishing the rate of toll over the Southern Railroad, have made such a distinction in the price of freight in favor of the Ship Canal [at Monroe], as to operate as an embargo on LaPlaisance Bay, and aaiounts to a bounty or pre- mium to induce individuals to consign their freight to the Ship Canal or to Toledo, by which means most of the freight is either diverted to Toledo or forced through the Ship Canal, by means of scows, &c., thereby diminishing the business of LaPlaisance Bay to such an extent that the receipts are insufficient to defray the expenses of keeping the Warehouse open. Therefore, Resolved, That after the expiration of the present week, all further business will be suspended at the LaPlaisance Bay Warehouse. By order of the Board. J. Q. Adams, President LaPlaisance Bay Harbor Company. Monroe, June 7, 1843. Further record of LaPlaisance Bay, as a commercial rival of Toledo, is not found. The most important popular movement hav- ing reference to the imjDrovement of the harbors of the Lakes, was that held at Chicago, July 5, (3 and 7, 1847, which included also in its aims the navigable Rivers. Nearly every State of the Union was represented, the delegates in- cluding many of the jjrominent men of the country. The object more directly in view was to agitate the subject with reference to an in- fluence on Congress which should secure more adequate appropriations for the improvements named, and also to affect the popular sentiment in that connection, with reference to the Pres- idential election of 1848. The following Ohio points were represented by the delegates named : Toledo— Jessup W. Scott, Charles O'Hara. Perrysburg— Elijah Huntington. Maumee City — Dr. Horatio Conant, Charles Coats- worth, C. C. P. Hunt. Sandusky — Eleutheros Cooke, JohnG. Camp, Rice Harper, Abner W. Porter, Wm. Townsend, Isaac A. Mills. Milan — S. F. Taylor, Clark Waggoner, J. Dana Smith. Huron— George S. Patterson, John B. Wilbor, D. G. Branch. Among the Ohio delegates present were Governor William Bebb, Thomas Corwin, John C. Wright, James C. Hall, Stanley Matthews, Robert C. Schenck, and Ex-Gov. Jeremiah Morrow. Edward Bates (subsequently Attorney Gen- eral under President Lincoln) was the Presi- dent, with Vice-Presidents from 17 States. Schuyler Colfax was Chief Secretary, with nine assistants. Abraham Lincoln then, in a speech before the Convention, made his first prominent appearance. Horace Greeley, then fairly in- troduced in his public life, was there. The re- sult of the occasion was a strong expression in favor of more liberal provision for the improve- ment of the internal Rivers and the harbors of the Lakes. Without doubt, the chief object of the Convention was largely attained in stimu- lating the popular sentiment on the subject, and helping to the settled policy of the Gov- ernment in that respect which soon was devel- oped and still continues. It may be here stated, that the total of appropriations by Con- gress for harbors on Lake Erie West of Erie, up to August, 1834, was $189,102, of which sum Cleveland received $34,235 ; Grand River, $29,598; Black River, §35,734; Huron, $22,208; Ashtabula, $35,558 ; Conneaut, $24,810 ; Cun- ningham Creek, $6,956. CHAPTER XII. COMMERCIAL FACn.ITIES. THE growth of agricultural prodiiction in this County and in the Valley, was a very slow one, when we consider that immi- gration hither commenced early in the century. Of course the commencement of that immigra- tion was feeble, with only here and there a ftimil}' developing sufficient robustness of body and purpose to encounter the hardships and dangers of frontier life at that day ; and it was, in all its severe and trying elements, frontier life. The whole country swarmed with In- dians, and the Kiver, from mouth to source, was the favorite home of a portion of several powerful tribes. Its dense and unbroken for- ests, with only the woodman's axe for an im- plement of improvement, formed a barrier, which, by the light of our day, would seem to have shut out all hope of a comfortable home. We cannot appreciate the dangers and jjriva- tions of those early days. The life of those men and women was amongst scenes little in accord with the peaceful picture of later 3ear8 ; and when night drew its dark mantle over the forest and log cabin, the mother of those days, as she soothed her children to sleep, felt, in a sense that we do not now, that " Our Father " was their only protection from the roaming savage and wild beast. These adverse conditions were supjjlemented by another and more disheartening than all besides, in the naturally unhealthfulness of the climate. The damp dews of the level lands and the evening air of the autumn, were alike laden with sickness and death. But all these were insufficient to deter adventurous, roving people from seeking a Western home. Later, and especially after the settlement of our In- dian relations, this restless love of our people for immigration was signalized by further and increased additions to our population. But it was all a huge mistake. The spirit that stimu- lates immigration to the frontier aids those who come later to enjoy the fruits of improved so- ciety and more settled conditions generally ; but to the early settler and his fiamily, it is a lifoof unending, unmitigated struggle and pri- vation. The same degree of industry and pri- vation in his old home might have won for him a far greater degree of prosperity, with the ad- vantage to his family of schools, churches and fixed social advantages. The movement Westward developed by slow- ly increasing momentum, until checked' by the severe revulsion of business in 1837. Even at that date, the production of food in Lucas [464] County was insufficient for the consumption, although a small quantity of wheat had been exported by one farmer at an earlier date than this. Major Coleman I. Keeler shipped in the fall of 1831, about 300 bushels of wheat by the little Schooner Eagle. The construction of the Wabash and Erie Canal was commenced in 1838-9, and the great influx of laboring population consequent there- upon, was fed by im].)ortations from the Ohio Canal at Cleveland and from Michigan. At about this jieriod Southern Michigan began to produce a limited surplus of wheat, some of which reached Toledo in flour, for sale here and for shipment, to Buffalo. A little later wheat began to come forward from the same source, both wheat and flour being transported hence over the Erie and Kalamazoo Railway. The rapid and enormous growth of the busi- ness of our countr}" is a theme of surprise to those who have witnessed it and been con- nected with it. The methods of transacting business also present wide contrasts, and in none more so than in the manner of handling the surplus grain as it came to market for storage. At fir.stit was carried on the shoulders of men from the farmers' wagons into the ware- house. When it began to come forward by the Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad it was in bags and was unloaded by means of a small cart, holding eight or ten bags, and hauled into the upper stories of the warehouses on an inclined track, bj' a horse attached to a rope running through a block properly fastened to the floor below. Hon. Richard Mott, of our City, was the pio- neer in the next advance on the method of grain handling and the building of warehouses more suitable to contain it. In the year 1838, the first building was erected on Water street, between Adams and Oak, with the additional strength required to store grain. Attached to it was a small elevator propelled by a horse. This improved method, though a little shaky and insecure, was a signal triumph in labor- saving. It marks the beginning of elevators in the West. This warehouse was burned the next year, but the enterprise of Mr. Mott sur- vived his misfortune, and in 1840 the " Old Red Warehouse " (as it has long been called), at the foot and East side of Monroe street, was built, with the further and important improvement of a substantial elevator connected therewith, the horse-power for which was under the peak of the roof, where the animal performed its COMMERCIAL FACILITIES. 465 dreary but useful round of labor, month in and month out. This method of receiving grain, with enlargement and improvement in the ele- vators from time to time as necessity required, was continued in use for more than ten years. The grain business of Mr. Mott consisted wholly of Eailroad receipts from Southern Michigan, the surplus of Lucas County farmers being scarcely anything. Up to that year, the traffic of the Eailroad was made up largely of bread supplies sent from Toledo to the settlers in Southern Michigan. The change from horses as the elevating motor to that of the unwearying power of steam, be- gan in 1847, when John Brownlee and Egbert B. Brown, partners, built a steam elevator, much increased in size over any previous structures, and with bins shaped to discharge themselves. This was built on the present site of the elevator of C. A. King & Co., and marked the commencement of this system, which, w it!) great improvement, is now in use. Keturning to the growth of agricultural pro- duction in Lucas County, it can be stated that before the season of 1838, there was very little surplus of grain produced in this County. In that year, the surplus, though not large, gave a hopeful turn in the tide of trade. In 1841 the commerce of that vicinitj^iaving been in a measure transferred from Pei-rys- burg to Miami, below Maumee City, a small cargo of wheat was purchased by the firm of Smith & Hazard, at from 11.10 to $1.40 per bushel. The Schooner Morgi.ina was engaged to take the cargo to Buffalo, at 10 cents per bushel freight. It was heroic work to get that cargo on board without facilities, and it was accomplished by transporting the bags on the shoulders of laborers, and with 4,100 bushels the Vessel was deeply laden. So far this im- portant event, the first cargo shipment of wheat from the Valley, proceeded favorably; but be- fore the Vessel left the dock a gale of wind sprang up, under the influence of which the water, as is usual in such cases, retreated toward the Lake, and the Vessel settled down upon a large boulder, breaking a hole, through whicii the water entered, and the cargo was lost. This commencement of the export of grain was a significant event, in more than one respect ; not least of which was, that it marked a period when, after the fever of land sjiecu- lation had subsided, and tiiat other fever (the bilious I had in a measure also subsided, and our larmers had recovered from this and the many other disappointments incident to fron- tier life, hope of better days began to brigiiten men's (aces. There was a surplus in the land, and something to dispose of in exchange for other needed commodities. About this time, the enter])rising citizens of Maumee City commenced the erection of Flouring Mills, which have since been stead3' purchasers of tiie sui-plus grain of tliat portion of the County. The pioneer in the building of mills on the Eiver, was George W. Eeynolds, who was for long years connected with that and other leading enterprises at Maumee.^ Wm. B. Dicks, Judge Eobert A. Forsyth, and Garrett & Merwin, followed in the same line of improvement at Maumee, as did Judge James Myers at Toledo. CHAPTER XIII. TOLEDO WAREHOUSES. — OLD AND NEW. THE gradual development of Warehouse aecomiiiodations upon the advent of the second Port Lawrence, has already been refer- red to. It will be proper here, in contrast, to re!er to the very start and to the present attainment in that department of commercial operations. shingles, rived by hand on the ground ; the simple windows were of sash unknown to PIONEER TOLEDO WAREHOUSE— 1817. The first building erected for business pur- poses within the present limits of Toledo, was a Warehouse, built wholly of logs, by the owners of the Port Lawrence property, at the very outset of improvement at this point. The date of its construction cannot now bo definitely staced. It w.is standing in 1817, and was built on lot No, 2 of the present Port Lawrence Division, which lies next to the Merchants National Bank Building, Southwest corner of Summit and Monroe streets. The building was two-stories in height, the upper one projecting some 10 feet in front. The logs were hewn sufficiently to give the walls a somewhat even appearance. The second story projection served the two-fold purpose of a shed and a means of defense. The walls were secure against the rifle, the most formidable weapon of attack then in use here, while the only door (in front) was readily guarded through the floor of the projecting portion of the second story, after the manner of block- houses. An event so important as the erection of the pioneer Warehouse of a prospective commer- cial point was a matter of deep and pervading interest with the country round about. Hence, the muscles of the entire region were summoned to the " log-raising," when the rude timbers were rolled to places on the firm walls. Refreshments for the occasion were abundant — not of ice cream, fruit cake and Roman punch; but of pork, beef and bread, with a good supply of whiskey, innocent of modern fusil oil. The "^raising" over, then came the roof of rude [466] IMPROVED TOLEDO WAREHOUSE-1887. machine production, and a few panes of glass as good as could be secured ; the single door of rudest structure from split logs; and, lastly, the puncheon floor, smooth as broad-axe and adz could make it, with possibly a little special dressing with a jack plane. All this accomplished, the next thing was the " house-warming," which constituted a social occasion to that time without a parallel in all this section. Word was duly sent to settlements within reach, and especially to the " Foot of the Rapids," as the region about Fort Meigs and on both sides of the River was called. From Maumee and Perrysburg came the Hunts, the Forsyths, the Conants, the Jeromes, the Hollisters, McKnights and Spaf- fords. These and others reached the scene of the proposed " frolic " by the ice in the River. It was a general turnout, the " River Raisin " (Monroe) probably contributing its quota to the assemblage. Let us not suppose these were rude, uneducated people. New England and New York chiefly had been their homes. Many accessories now so common in social occasions were lacking but not needed for the happiness of the guests. At one end of the room was a roaring fire in an eight-foot fire- place. On one side was a temporary shelf, loaded with venison, pies, cakes and liquid refresh- ments deemed essential in maintaining stalwart men and women in an all-night's draft upon their nervous systems. The ladies' dressing room was in the upper story and reached by a ladder. At the end of the room opposite the fire-place was a platform temporarily raised for TOLEDO WAREHOUSES. 467 the two French fiddlers, whose fiddling was good — for those days, and quite satisfactory to the dancers, who put in their time as best they they could throughout the night, and well on to breakfast time, the chief interruption arising from the distribution of refreshments most bountifully suppled. Such, according to the best authoritj' at this seventy-years' distance from tiie event, was the advent of the " old Log- Warehouse." It is vei'y fortunate, that records of Toledo's pioneer business improvement is not confined to the verbal description now to be made. It was yet standing, sound and firm, when Hon. Rich- ard Mott settled here in 1836, and was taken down to make room for another building, in 1837. The historian is much indebted to that gentleman's clear memory, and to his no less skilled pencil, for an excellent dralt of the building, from which was made the picture herewith presented. Different pioneers fa- miliar with the Warehouse, recognize its several parts as here shown. Gen. Chas. B. Phillips came to Toledo in 1829, and his recol- lection of the building is made more clear from the fact that his first night here was spent on the second floor of the same. There are now in the City 12 Grain Eleva- tors, of which 10 are located on the West, and two on the East side of the River. Ten are in connection with Railroads, and two for the ac- commodation of traffic by Canals. Of the for- mer class, four receive the business of the Wabash, two that of the Lake Shore, two that of the Dayton & Michigan, one that of the To- ledo, St. Louis & Kansas City Road, and one (in East Toledo,) the traffic of different Rail- roads. Tlie aggregate storage capacity of these amounts to 7,258,000 bushels of grain, with capacity to receive and ship daily 1,240,000 bushels — their size ranging from 100,000 to 1,700,000 bushels. As indicating something of the advance in Warehouse facilities made in Toledo, is here given in connection with the pioneer log structure of 1817. a view of" Eleva- tor No. Five " of the Toledo & Wabash Eleva- tor Company, which is said to be one of the most complete in appointments, and in its caj)ac- ity, of the Grain Elevators of the country. CAPACITY OF GRAIN ELEVATORS. Name of Elkvator. Storage Cdpacity, Buslids. Reccirf and Ship Daily. Tol., Wabash & W. R'y.No. 1. a " No. 3. a " No. 4. a " No, 5. a Union Elevator, 6 . L. S. & M. S. R'y, "A" c .. "B"c Dayton & Michigan R'y, "A" d " " "B" d Canal Elevators, e . 246,000 761,000 i,:i5i,oo() 1,700,000 1,000,000 :;oo,ooo :ioo,oo(» 300,000 800,000 250,000 100,000 150,000 7,258,000 60,000 80,000 :!oo,ooo .MIO.OOO 200,000 (10,1100 (10,000 (10,00o 150,000 60,000 /-- - - 30,000 Narrow Gauge, e . 30,000 1,240,000 a Owned by Toledo & Wabash Elevator Com- pany. 6 Owned by Union Railroad Elevator Company. c Owned by Lake Shore & M. S. Railroad Com- pany. d Owned by Dayton & Michigan Elevator Com- pany. e Owned by Churchill & Co. / Owned by C. A. King & Co. The rates for Storage of Grain at these Ele- vators are : Elevating and first 10 da5'8' storage, one cent per bushel ; for each subse- quent 10 da3's of storage, J cent, per bushel Charges for loading, weighing and inspect- ing: Loading all kinds of Grain (except Oats in bulk), per car, at all Railroad Elevators, ex- cept L. S. & M. S., 50 cents; loading Oats, in bulk, per car, $1.00 ; loading all kinds of Gi-ain (except Oats in bulk), jjer car, at L. S & M. S. Elevators, 80 cents ; loading Oats in bulk, per car, 11.00; insp'ecting Grain into cars, per car, 26 cents; inspecting Grain into Elevators, per car, 25 cents; ins))ecting Grain into Elevators from Canal boats, per load, $1.00; inspecting Grain into vessels, per 1,000 bushels, 40 cents; weighing Grain out to vessels, per 1,000 bush- els. 30 cents ; weighing Grain out to cars, per car, 25 cents. OHAPTEK XIV. EARLY TRADE OF THE WEST. A CHIEF embarrassment to the settlement profit, $G,042. This plan was largely adopted, of the Western country, was the lack of and until the openinii; of the New York and market facilities for produce. While, for want Pennsylvania Canals, furnished the chief outlet of transportation, supplies of merchandise were for the Ohio and Mississippi countries. In limited and obtainable oidy at high rates, the 1825 a serious effort was made to attract capital settler's main trouble arose in the fact that for investment in transportation facilities on there was no market, even in trade, for what the Ohio and Mississippi ; and to that end, a he produced. Southern Ohio was somewhat prospectus was issued, setting forth the pros- better off in that respect than was the country pects of that trade. Among other facts given, at the North. A few of the larger Elvers, were the rated of fare for passengers, the dis- emptying into the Ohio, like that stream, tances and times for passage between the prin- afforded imperfect facilities for transportation cipal points on those streams, as follows : through the Mississippi to the New Orleans ^^^^^^^ y;,„^ ^^^^ market; but that was a long and tedious trip, Cincinnati to New Orleans l,480mlle.« 8 days $2n occupying Six months from and to Cincinnati. ?;7cinSrL'ii?JvMT.'V;;^^^^^^^^ 130" ?5 h^urs '4 The flat-boats used between those points were Louisville to Cmomnati ■' " 30 •• « ... ,1 1 /• 1 i CiiK'uinati to Pittsburgh — 449 " 5 days 15 comparatively small, and or cheap construe- Pittsburgh to Cincinnati " " 2/j •• i? tion, and for their movement, beyond the action \;!Su«U"ciucUumt1V^ ^'^ '■' I ■'■' lo of the current, were dependent on oars and settiug-poles. At New Orleans these boats It was asserted, that the shipments of the were necessarily abandoned, as it was impos- entire State of Ohio ("except that part border- sible to get them back, while the hands had no ing on the Lakes"), one-half of Indiana, and mode of return but on foot, most of the way parts of Pennsylvania and Virginia, were through unbroken wilderness, and subjected to made by that route, which in 1824, amounted the chances of Indian hostility. Pirogues and to 68,982 tons in weight, and 83,590,0(10 in keel-boats to limited extent, were employed for value. the transportation of supplies from the New Such was the lack of market fiicilities in the Orleans market. A writer in November, 1816, Maumee Vallej' in those days, that the pio- strongly urged upon the people of Southern neers, unable to obtain clothing with their pro- Ohio, the policy of providing market facilities ducts, were compelled to resort to trapping, by building vessels, loading and taking them there being a demand, at low rates, for furs, in down the Ohio and the Mississippi to New goods or cash. Beside their own needs, there Orleans; and, if need be, to the West Indies, was substantially no use for produce, except New York and Boston. He said the principal what incoming settlers might require until market then open to that section, consisted in able to supply themselves. Ten and 12 cents driving cattle across the mountains to Phila- was regarded as liberal prices for corn ; as was delphia, and sending flour to New Orleans. 30 to 40 cents for wheat ; $1.50 per hundred for Produce was rarely taken by the merchant. fresh beef and pork. But the trouble was, that The little to be had came chiefl}- from settlers tliere was seldom a market even at these rates, coming in. As showing what might be done It was only when the Erie Canal was opened in the direction named, the writer referred to in 1825, that substantial relief came to the pio- gave a calculation for a vessel of 150 tons, to neer producers of this region. That came in be launched in April or May and despatched two forms — first, in the Eastern market thus for Boston, with a cargo of flour, corn meal, opened ; and second, in the demand for pro- stone coal, or black walnut lumber. He esti- duce made by the large influx of settlers in- mated the cost as follows: Vessel, 87,500; 500 duced by the opening of that great channel of barrels flour, 83,000; 500 do., meal, 81,000; trade and travel. For 12 or 15 years after the 1,000 bushels coal, 850 ; 10,000 feet black wal- opening of the New York Canals, the main de- nut plank, 81,000. Total, 811,650. Insurance, mand for breadstuff's in this region, was for the New Orleans to Boston, 2^ per cent., 8291, supply of the newcomers, largely in Southern expenses of trip, 8750; "total investment, Michigan, Detroit then being an important $12,691. The Vessel to sell in Boston for market. 89,750 ; flour, for 85,000 ; meal, 83,000 ; coal, In June, 1824, the Albany (N. Y.) Gazette $333 ; lumber, $650 ; total product, $18,733 — had a statement of what the opening ol the [468] EARLY TRADE OF THE WEST. 469 Erie Canal was doing and was to do in cheap- ening transportation. It was stated, that a barrel of flour could then be taken from Albany to New York for l'2i cents, while one party offered to do it for seven cents. It was be- lieved that a barrel of flour could be carried from Buffalo to New York for $1A)0. Another calculation showed that 100 pounds of freight could be taken from New York to Columbus, Ohio, for $3.50, to wit : To Albany, 150 miles, by Eiver; Albany to Brockport, 229 miles, by Canal; thence to Buffalo, 74 miles, by land; Buffalo to Sandusky, 247 miles, by Lake ; San- dusky to Columbus, 120 miles, by land ; total distance, 880 miles. The cost to Sandusky was placed at S2.00, and thence to Columbus, at $1.50; total, $3.50. The cost at that time for transporting 100 pounds by land from Phila- delphia to Columbus (450 miles), was $6.00. Among the rates of toll fixed for the Erie Canal in March, 1827, were the following : Flour, beef, pork, mutton, cheese, whiskey, &c., 1.5 cents per ton per mile. Salt, made in New York, live mills per ton per mile. Household goods, one cent; furs and poultry, three cents; cotton 1.5 cents; lumber per M in boats, one cent; in rafts, two cents. Not enumerated, passing from tidewater, three cents ; same to tidewater, 1.5 cents. Agricultural produc- tions (including cattle and horses), not enumerated, 1.5 cents. On boats conveying passengers— VVest of Utica, 15 cents per mile ; aiid East of same, 20 cents ; or six cents per mile on boat, and two mills on each passenger, as boats should choose. On each passen- ger in freight boats (above 12 years of age), two mills per mile. A Shawneetown, Illinois, paper in 1820, no- ticed the arrival at that place of the Steamboat Manhattan, 30 days from New York, and said: She brings consignments for two houses in this place from New York City. Freight is $3.00 per 100 pounds only, which is at least $7.00 cheaper than goods can be brought from Philadelphia here via Pittsburgh. The cost for transportation wholly by rail between Springfield, III., and New York, in 1887, is 29 cents per 100 pounds. In 1823, while flour was selling in New York at $7.25, and wheat at $1.44, the former was worth in Cleveland only $3.50, and the latter 62^ cents. That was two years before tiie open- ing of the Erie Canal. Cleveland prices in February, 1822, were as follows : Flour, $2..50; Wheat, 37 J to 50c. ; Rye, 31c. ; Corn, 25c. ; Oats, IS^c. ; Beans, .50c. ; Flax seed, 50c. ; Peas, oOc. ; Butter, .S to 10c. ; Cheese, 4 to Oc. ; Lard, 4 to 5o. ; Pork, 2 to 3Jc. ; Beef, 3 to 4c. ; Whiskey, 20 to 25c. ; Sugar, 5 to 7c. ; Wool 30 to 50c. ; Hay, per ton, $6.00 to 1,7.00. For making fine Boots, |2.25 ; fine Shoes, 75 cents ; Women's Morocco, 62i cents ; Women's Leather, .50 cents ; coarse Shoes, 37i cents. Customers in those days furnished their own stock, pegs and thread only excepted. A Philadelphia paper of October 24, 1821, had this statement: We yesterday quoted flour as current at $6.00 per barrel. To-day it is nnpossible to fix a price on that article. During the night passed, no less than six expresses arrived in this City from New York, the ostensible object of which appeared to be the pur- chase of flour. There was sucli a rush in the market for this article at an early hour, as alarmed the fac- tors, and we understand but few sales were made. The New York market was drained yesterday bv a passenger, who left the Ship Hercules, from Liver- pool, 60 miles from land, and was in New York nearly all day incog. CHAPTER XV. COMMERCE AND TRADERS. IN reviewing the early Commerce of the Mau- mee Kiver, we must yield supremacy to Perrysburg. But before the period when the traffic could be dignified with that title, and before 18i5(l, the passengers, emigrants, &c., aud the freight to and from the River, were trans- ported in very small sail craft, and an occa- sional small Steamer. Among the men of that time who sailed these little Vessels, were Captains John T. Baldwin, David Wilkison and Amos Pratt. The most noted of the Ves- sels employed, were the Leopard and the Eagle. Merchandise for the few traders at the River Towns, was brought from Bufifiilo by these small sail craft. Goods for the Indian traders in Indiana were also transported to Perr3-sburg by the same instrumentalities, and thence by wagons to the head of the River Rapids, DOW called Providence. From this point to Fort Wayne, transportation was by means of what were called "Keel Boats," pro- pelled by setting-poles manipulated by men on board. The same mode of carriage was used on the Mohawk River, in New York, before the Erie Canal was built. At Fort Wayne another jtortage became necessary to the head waters of the Wabash, and goods for the traders as low down as Logansport, reached their desti- nation through this long and tedious passage, frequently of two months or more, at a cost of $4.00 to 85.00 per 100 pounds. Let us, for a moment, contrast this long trip and immense expense with present rapid and cheap transit. Goods are now delivered in Logansport in five days from New York, at a cost of 40 to 50 cents per 100 pounds. John Hoi lister was the pioneer merchant of Perrysburg, and the projector, with Captain Wilkison, of ship-building at that point. John W. Smith, of Syracuse, New York, came to Perrysburg in 1834, and in 1836 formed a co- partnership with Hollister in the owMiership of this shipping, and in building a line of docks. A large sum of money was invested in the latter, which was a final total loss. It is difll- cult, even for those who were witnesses of these events, to recall the " great expectations " of business entertained by the whole people of this Valley at that date. Real property at Perrysburg and Maumee was enormously high, and there was no limit to the imaginary expan- sion of the future. Mr. Smith lost his invest- ment at Perrysburg, and retired to a large stock farm at Miami, and that, too early for the time, was a failure, Later, he removed to Dubuque, Iowa, and died there in 1878. About 1845, the Maumee citizens commenced some ship-building, the Forsyths and Messrs. Spencer & Moore (George Spencer and John A. Moore), and Wolcott, being foremost in the work. The Steamer Gen. Harrison, Captain S. F. Atwood ; the Troy, with same com- mander ; the Propeller Globe, Captain Her- rick, and later. Captain Wetmore ; and the Schooner Alvin Bronson, Captain Gilmore, were built there. The Forsyths and George Sj^encer have passed away. John A. Moore, of our City, is the surviving partner of the Mau- mee enterprise in that line. Mr. Hollister was the third son of a large family at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and came to Perrysburg about 1817. There were ten sons and one daughter. As the sons matured, they left home for various business points in the West. With one excep- tion, they j)roved to be bright and competent business men. William settled at Buffalo, New York ; John and Frank at Perrysburg ; Harry and George at Mouroeville, Ohio ; Josiah and Charles at Sandusky ; James and Robert at Butt'alo; aud Fred, at Utica, New Y^ork. As business and the country West of Buffalo im- proved, the brothers united their credit in aid of each, and were thus enabled to undertake and carry forward large enterprises at their different points of location. The early business of John and Frank Hollister at Perrysburg, was a large and profitable trade with the Indians iu Ohio and Indiana, in which States the latter were then very numerous. This lucrative traffic was also largely participated in by John E. Hunt (afterwards General Hunt), and by the Forsyths, at Maumee. While these gentlemen were in the front rank in all pro- jects to promote the growth and prosperity of the Maumee Valley, Hunt was not connected with the building of Vessels. He built the first warehouse on the Maumee side of the River. Later, members of the F'orsyth family were en- gaged with others in that enterprise. These gentlemen of an early day, at Maumee and Perrysburg, except in college education, were the peers of any men, and were eminently qualified to develope the country. Messrs. Hunt, the Forsyths, Jerome, Wolcott, Conant, and the HoUi.sters, were a strong type of men, and to them belong in no small measure, the credit for pushing to completion the legislation which authorized the construction of the Wabash and Erie Canal to Terro Haute, Indi- ana, and the Miami and Erie Canal to Cincinnati. In 1836, W. W. Mumford, of Rochester, New York, began the building of docks and a large [470] COMMERCE AND TRADERS. 471 warehouse at Miami, a mile below the old Town of Maumee. The place was accessible to the Steamers and vSail Vessels of that day, and therefore was considered to be " the coming " commercial point on the Eiver. There were quite a number of such points. The speculation lever of the time induced large purchases of lots by Eastern commercial men, among whom were Bronson & Crocker, of Oswego, J^ew York. As the Canal was soon to be completed, and its route to be on that side of the River, it was believed that its commerce and traffic in the nature of the case, must center at Miami. Mumford's dock and warehouse were followed by otlier improvements corresponding thereto, until nearly one-fourth of a mile of docks and four commodious warehouses had been built, in anticipation of the increase of business. George S. Hazard, now of Buffalo, was about the first to give attention to business of a com- mercial nature on the North side, to which it had a tendency to change from Perrysburg. In 1838, Denison B. Smith (a resident of Toledo since the Spring of 1844), commenced a For- warding and Commission business there. James H. Forsyth was in a similar business. In 1841, the business of receiving and forward- ing merchandise had largelj' increased, and was concentrated at Miami. In that jear, Messrs. Hazard & Smith united their business, and added to it the purchase and sale, at wholesale, of Iron, Tobacco, Glass and Glassware, from the manufactories at Pittsburgh. About the same time, Cajitain James Pratt, before referred to, and John Brovvnlee, formed a co-partner- ship, under the name of Pratt & Brownlee, for the transaction of a Forwarding business at Miami, which was continued until about the time of the completion of the Wabash Canal to Toledo. In 1842, the Wabash Canal was opened from Lafaj'ette, Indiana, to a point about nine miles below Defiance, at the Village of Florida, and about 45 miles above Toledo. Considerable quantities of Flour were shipped from Indiana, which was carted from the Canal-Boats to Boats in the Maumee River, and transported thence to Providence, from which point the Canal was completed to Maumee and Toledo. In 1843, the whole line of that Canal was opened. The result of the first year's business clearlj- demonstrated that Toledo, as a ship- ping point, possessed superior advantages over Maumee, Miami and Perrysburg. Western men were by no means adverse to shipping their products to Miami, but it was far more difficult to procure transportation from there, than from Toledo. At that day. Tugs and other steam-towing were unknown. Vessels sailed up the Bay and the River to Toledo, and also to Miami, when they went there. But the channel above Toledo was tortuous, shallow at points, and occasionally narrow ; therefore, a free wind was required, both for the upward and downvcard trip, and such favorable breezes were not alwa3s at command. The result was detention and uncertainty. Under the influ- ence of this development, the Miami firms abandoned the business at that point. Mr. Smith came to Toledo in 1844, and Mr. Hazard in 1846. The pioneer in business on the dock at Toledo was John Baldwin, who had a small warehouse, built of logs, near the mouth of Swan Creek. At about 1835 to 183G a number of new- comers attempted the business. B. P. Peck- ham, with Judge John Berdan, under the firm B P. Peckham & Co., Aniirow Palmer, Daniels & Co., George McKay & Co., Frederick Bissell & Gardner. In 1837, 11. A. Carpenter, Peter Palmer & Bush. In 1838, Richard Mott and James M. Comstock (Mott & Co). Later, Cur- tis, WatkinsA Co., Harry Eagle, Ludlow, Bab- cock & Brownlee, E. Haskell & Co., Smith & Hazard, Brownlee, Pendleton & Co., E. B. Brown & Co., Smith, Bronson & Co., Mitchell & King, Field & King, Brown & King, A. Godard, Carlos Colton, Stalham Wing, John M. Boalt, B. F. HoUister. Tiiis list of firms com- prises those who are remembered in the busi- ness down to about 1850. In a letter, publislied March 4, 1852, Charles G. Keeler stated that the first shi]5mont of Wheat from this County, and from the Maumee Vallej-, was made in 1827, and consisted of 300 bushels, grown on the farm of his father (Cole- man I. Keeler, Sen.), now on Collingwood Avenue. It was cradled by Seneca Allen, who stuck the first stake for the embryo City of Toledo at the mouth of Swan Creek, and was raked and bound by the writer of the letter. As shown by the books of the Custom -House, this grain was shipped by John HoUister, of Perrysburg, per the Schooner Eagle, Captain David Wilkison. It was at first taken to Buffalo, but not finding market there, it was reshipped to Dunkirk and there sold by Captain Wilkison, at " 3s. and 6d.'' (43| cents) per bushel. As an interesting fact, coincident with the foregoing, it may here be stated that the first shipment of Wheat from what is now Huron and Erie Counties, was made also in 1827, and consisted of 300 to 400 bushels. It was pur- chased of neighboring farmers by Charles Standart, then at Huron, and now (1887) re- siding at Auburn, New York. It was taken to Rochester, New York, and sold at 31 cents, netting a loss of 19 cents per bushel. In 1828, Mr. Standart sent 9,000 bushels to Rochester, selling it at 62i cents — a loss of 12i cents per bushel. In this connection will be proper a statement of the changes which have taken place in prices for farm products and for manufactured articles in this country, during the past 70 years. These 472 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. are shown by the following tables, supplied from creditable sources : FARM PRODUCTS. 1816. 1886. Wheat, per bushel $0 44 $0 99 Oats " 1'^ ■*' Corn, '• 20 46 Barley, " 25 80 Butter, per pound if. f^ Cheese, " 06 10 Eggs, norilozcn uo i^ Cmvs. por h.ad 15 GO 50 00 Hay.plrton 5 00 7 00 Straw,perton 4 00 15 00 Sheep, per head '5 i , -n Farm labor, per month 8 00 lb oO MANUFACTURED ARTICLES; 1816. 1886. Steel, per pound $1 17 $0 12 Nails, per pound 12 04 Broadcloth, per yard 10 00 4 00 Woolen blankets, per pair 15 00 7 00 Cotton cloth, per yard 30 12 Calico, per yard 25 06 Salt, per bushel $1 to 4 00 15 to 25c. It will be seen that the average increase in the value of farm products lor the period stated, was over 210 percent; while tlie decrease in the cost of manufactured articles, was 70 per cent. In 1816 a cow would pay for 60 yards of calico or lor five bushels gait; wliereas in 1887, 833 yards of calico or 250 bushels of salt could be purchased with the price of a cow. A month's wages of a farm laborer, in 1816, would buy 26f yards of cotton cloth or 66f pounds of nails. In 1887, the same would pay for 154 yards of the former, or 462 pounds of the latter. In July, 1843, the following was given as the cost of getting a barrel of Flour from Toledo to Liverpool : Cost of grain (five bushels), $5.00; freight, via Montreal, $1.50 ; British and Canadian duty, 60 cents; in.surance, 10 cents— total cost, $7.20. Average price of fiour in England for previous four years, $S..30 ; ex- change at 7 per cent., 58 cents — total proceeds, $8.88. Net profit, exclusive of brokerage and commissions, $1 68. In this connection may properly be given the old " Sliding vScale of Duties " on flour, which was in force in Great Britain at the time above mentioned, but was repealed in 1846, to wit: When flour was worth $7.65 per barrel, the duty was $3.00 ; when $840, it paid $2.50; when $9.00, it paid $1.95 ; when $10.35, it paid 90 cents ; when $10.80, it paid 30 cents ; and when $10.95, the duty was 15 cents. The average duty at that time was $2.50 per barrel. The Blade of February 8, 1846, had a table showing the comparative market values of a bushel of Corn in Toledo and Liverpool at that time — the cost of transportation and selling- being 93 cents. From that, it appears that with Corn selling at $1.12 in Liverpool, it was worth 19 cents in Toledo ; and that it must be worth $1.43 in Liverpool to bring 50 cents in Toledo. Since that time American Corn has been sold in England within 20 cents of the Toledo price. One-half of the Wheat delivered at Tide- water in 1844, was sent from Cleveland, Milan, SandusUy and Toledo. In 1843, Chicago ship- ped 700,000 bushels; Detroit, 106,000; San- dusky, 441,000 ; Milan, 536,000 ; and Monroe, Michigan, 121,000. In January, 1845, the rates for freight by Eailroad between Buffalo and Albany, per 100 pounds, were as follows : Passenger trains, $1.66. Fright trains — 1st class (new merchan- dise), $1.00; 2d class, 32 cents; 3d class, 46 cents ; 4th class, 50 cents. At that time the State levied tolls on freight transported by Eailroads, as follows: Between Bufialo and Al- bany, 15 cents per 100 pounds ; 4i mills per mile for 1,000 pounds for produce; and 30 cents per 100 pourrds for the distance, or 9 mills per 1,000 pounds per mile. The following table gives the exports and imports of articles named at Toledo, Maumee and Perrysburg for the year 1851 : EXPORTS. Toledo. Maumee. Perrysburg. Corn, bus 2,775,149 1,000 44,371 Wheat 1,639,744 ..__ 8,7.55 Oats 64,441 3,702 Flour, bbls 242,677 2,880 596 Pork 38,658 118 Spirits, casks 21,934 Ashes, pots and pearls fjbls 4,847 126 176 Lumber, Black Wal- nut, feet 2,134,073 .... 38,000 Staves, No 2,504,804 ____ Merchandise, lbs 403,513 Butter, kegs 3,119 163 Eggs, bbls 568 Wool, bales 2,839 . 25 Total value exports.-$7,915,344 $30,.557 $41,055 IMPORTS. Toledo. Maumee. Perrysburg. Merchandise, tons 23,260 pkgs 210 tons 276 Barley, bus 27,.505 Beer and ale, bbls 1,554 136 White Fish and Trout- 10,499 225 285 Salt 102,032 125 Salt, bags 79,080 Lumber, feet 11,837.747 58,000 Shingles, No 6,277,000 Lath 2,.569,715 . 52,000 Total value imports $23,034,367 $16,207 $264,755 Total exports for District, value $7,986,866 " imports " " 23,31.5,677 Aggregate commerce $31,302,533 The totals of arrivals and departures of ves- sels at Maumee for 1851, were : Arrivals, 32 ; departures, 30 ; tonnage, 9,443. At Perrysburg— Arrivals, 75 ; tons, 15,434 ; departures, 75 ; tons, 15,434. &^^^--^i Y^'t^^' ■y^ COMMERCE AND TRADERS. ■i7->a HORACE S. A?VALBRIDGE \v:is born July 21, 1828, at Syracuse, Xew V(irk. He is a soil of Chester aud Mary Wulbridge. In 1831, tbe family removed to Columbus, Oiiio, wliere, as partner in the firm of Bond & Walbridge, the father engaged in mercantile trade. Two years later he made his homo and that of his family — consistingof Mrs. Walbridge and three sous (Hiram, Horace S. and Heman D.) — at what then became the Town of Toledo, where he became interested in real estate. The edu- cational privileges of the place were then meagre enough, at best, but even these were not long enjoyed by Horace, who at the age of 12 years began his business life as clerk for Stephen Marsh, a pioneer merchant in a small Vfaj. Soon thereafter he was engaged in like service for Charles G. McKnight, remaining with him for 18 months. When 14 j'ears old, he went to Palmyra, Michigan, as clerk in the store of Walter A. Titus & Co. In the Winter of 1845-6 he superintended the construction of a Saw-Mill at Ottawa Lake, Michigan, which was designed largely for sawing material for the track of the old Erie and Kalamazoo Rail- road, lu the S23ring of 184G, he took by Canal to Cincinnati a stock of stravv hats, gathered by himself from the French at Baj' Settlement, Moni'oe County, Mic'higan. Soon returning, he entered the service of Thomas W'atkins, then a Forwarding and Commission Merchant at Toledo. While there, and during the gr.iin si^eculation largely growing out of the Irish potato tamine of 1840-7, he was made bearer of special market news to the agent of the house at Adrian, Michigan, when, on horseback, he made the distance (33 miles) in four hours. Mr. Watkins died in August, 1852, when Mr. Walbridge took charge of the business of P. Buckingham & Co.. at Toledo, and the follow- ing Winter traveled largely along the line of the Wabash and Erie Canals, during which time he invested $1,500,000, mainly in bread- stuffs and hog products, one-half of the amount of the currency being forwarded to him by mail from Eastern Banks, without loss. He then was on a salary of 11,000 per year. At the end of the year, he became a member of the firm, continuing as such until its close, February 1, 1857, when it was succeeded by the Commission House of Brown, Walbridge & King (his partners being the late Matthew Brown and Frank J. King). Subsequently the business was taken by Brown, Walbridge & Co., and afterwards by H. S. Walbridge cC Co., (Ebenezer Walbridge a partner), which firm terminated in the Spring of 1868. From the outset, this house was among the strongest and most successful at Toledo, ever bearing- high reputation. In 1865, the house of Wal- bridge, Wa-tkins & Co. was established at Chi- cago, and terminated when the senior jiartner withdrew from trade at Toledo, and directed his attention to other matters, including real estate. In 1869, Mr. VValln-idge was appointed one of the Trustees, under the Korguson Bill, in the construction by the ("ity of Toledo of the Toledo and AVoodville Pailroad, of which Board he was President for five years, and dur- ing the building of that line. Mr.Walbridge has tor 20 years been prominently identified with the Banking interests of Toledo. He was Presi- dent of the Northwestern Savings Bank during its operation ; was one of the first Directors at the organization of the Second and of the Northern National Bank, of each of which for some time he was a Director ; is now and for man}- j^ears has been Vice President of the Toledo National Bank, lie was one of the three Toledo citizens, who, with seven other parties, secured the construction of tlie Colum- bus and Toledo Eailroad ; and was one of five by whose action, largelj', Detroit and Toledo con- nection with the Canada Southern Railway was made. Mi-. Walbridge has long been recog- nized among the more enterprising and libei-al citizens in the promotion of the manufacturing interests of Toledo. In 18t)8, with Matthew Shoemaker, he was active in establishing the Union Manufacturing Company, one of the most prosfierous imlustrial enterprises in the City. Of the Maumee Rolling Mill, com- menced in 188'i, and com|)lcted in November, 1884, he wa's a leading stockholder and man- ager. From the date last named, as the result of extreme dejiression in the Iron ti'ade, the ojjeration of this Mill was suspended, and it was burned April 9, 1887. It was rebuilt of iron the same year, and supplied with natural gas as fuel, resumed operations in February, 1888, giving employment to 500 men. Vari- ous other industrial enterprises have been pro- moted by Mr. Walbridge's aid. For many years he has been largely interested in real estate, dealing in much of the most valuable property in the City, including Englewood Addition, in the Eighth Ward. Through his efforts chiefly, the superior burying-i^lace, Woodlawn Cemetery, adjoining the Citj', was provided. Politically he has been a Repub- lican since the organization of that party. He has held no political office, though frequently serving in local positions. For several years he was a member of the Toledo City (,'ouncil, and is now, under appointment by the Gov- ernor, a member of the Toledo Boai'd of Elec- tion. He was President of the Lincoln Club of Toledo in 1864, and of the Grant Club in 1868; was the Republican candidate for State Sena- tor in 1879. In consequence of a Democratic majority in the District he was not elected, though he ran over 1,000 ahead of the Repub- lican ticket in Lucas County. It is proper here to state, that ample ground for contest was furnished him, through the illegal style of ballots used by the Democrats in Henry County at that election ; but accepting the result as the will of the voters, he declined to A12b HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. dispule it, and liis opponent took his seat. But foi- iiis positive dooliiiation, no doubt Mr. Wal- bridgo would have lieen elected to Cougre.ss in 188(1. Probably no citizen of Toledo lias been lonsiier or more usefully identified with the religious, moral and benevolent work of the City, than has Mr. Walbridge. For 30 years past a Vestryman of Tririty Protestant Episco- pal Church^ he has contributed largely to its prosperity-, and to that of other Churches of that and other connections. As an officer and liberal supporter, he was prominent in the organization and success of the Protestant Orphans' Home, the Home for Friendless "Women and the Protestant Hospital. He was President of the Toledo Society- for the Sup- pression of Yice ; and has been ready with means for whatever cause promised the moral or material welfare of his fellow-citizens, irre- spective of sect, creed or partj-. Mr. Walbridge was married with Miss Lsabella D. Watkins, at New Bedford, Massachusetts, October 18,1854. They have had five children, of whom three are now living— Thomas H., of the firm of H. S. Walbridge & Co., Dealers in Eeal Estate ; Mrs. N. Grace, wife of Arthur J. Secor ; and Miss Mary D., all of Toledo. DENISON BILLINGS SMITH \vas born at Stonington,N'ew London Count}', Connecticut, October 17, 1817. During that year his par- ents removed to Stockbridge, Massachusetts. At the age of 13 years, the sou left home for employment in the store of his eldest brother, and Dean Eichmoud, at Salina (now Syracuse), New York. Eemaining there until March, 1836, he left for the Maumee Valley, reaching Per- rjsburg April 15th, where he engaged as clerk with the same brother and John HoUister, and continued as such until June. 1838. He then engaged in business for himself, at Miami, or J^ower Maumee. It was a small forwarding business, to both the East and the West, and also in furnishing supplies to contractors in the construction of the Canal. He continued this business until 1841, when he formed a co- jiartnership with George S. Hazard, now of Buffalo. The new firm added to the old busi- ness that of Wholesale trade in iron, glass and tobacco from Pittsburg, and in grain from farmers. In 1844, the year after the comple- tion of the Wabash Canal, it becoming evident that itstraffic would meet that of the" Lake at Toledo, Mr. Smith moved to that place. He then purchased one-half interest in a line of Canal Boats, which had been sent here from the Erie Canal, by Bronson & Crocker, of Oswego. The busine.ss of Mr. Smith then be- came that of Transportation and Grain Com- mission, which was materially increased in 1845 by the completion of the Miami and Erie Canal to Cincinnati. The line of purchased Boats was added to by purchase and construc- tion of others, until it furnished facilities not possessed by any otlier of that day. It was run in connection with Steamers and Vessels to Buffalo, and with Vessels to Oswego. The quarters first occupied in Toledo by Mr. Smith, consisted of what for manj^ years has been known as the "Old Eed Warehouse," j-et standing on Southwest corner of Monroe and Water Streets, built by Eichard Mott, in 1840. The next location was the "Daniels Ware- house," Southwest corner of Jefferson and Water Streets. In the Winter of 1845-6, Charles Butler, of New York, built for Mr. Smith at the foot of Cherrj- Street (Southwest side), a AVarehouse of greatly increased capuc- itj-, and with facilities for handling grain of marked improvement on anything theretofore known in the West. The business of the Canals, as of Toledo, rapidly increased. In 1849, the first Board of Trade was organized. This was done in the office of an Elevator, built by General Joseph W. and Egbert B. Brown, on the present site of King's Elevators, at the foot of Madison Street (East side). Of this Board Mr. Smith was chosen President, and Matthew Brown Vice President. Since 1844 — now 44 years — Mr. Smith has been identified with the commerce of Toledo, and is the oldest living representative of its early and later progress. It is safe to stntethat of all the hundreds of his business associations for that long period no one has in more eminent degree commanded and retained the confidence and es- teem of acquaintances, than has he ; while no one has been more enterprising or more unstinted in the employment of time and means for the advancement of the commercial interests of the City. In September, 1877, he was elected Sec- retary of the Toledo Produce Exchange, and has since held that position, to the full satisfac- tion of that bod}-. As Secretar}- of the Board, he h:is prepared a daily Circular or Prices Current, which, from the first, has in high de- gree commanded the attention and confi- dence of dealers, at home and abroad, and is now largely accepted as authority in matters of current interest and of financial policy. Mr. Smith united with the Protestant Episco- pal Church, at Maumee, in 1842, being con- firmed in the Court House by Bishop Mcllvaine, of the Ohio Diocese. Coming to Toledo in 1844, he was elected as Vestrj-man of Trinity Church at Easter meeting, 1845, and for most of the succeeding 43 years, he served as Ves- tryman and Senior Warden. It is safe to say, that no other member of that communion has been more sincerely or more actively devoted to the welfare of the Church, than has he. July 8, 1843, Mr. Smith was married with Mary Sophia, eldest daughter of General John E. Hunt, at Maumee, who died June 14, 1857. Of this union six children were born, of whom four are living. The second died in infancy, and the third (Eev. Frank Smith, of the Prot- estant Episcopal Church) died in 1879, aged SnfTiyJ. s w COMMERCE AXD TRADERS. 472c 30 years. His living cliililren are — Marv G., wife of Ealpli "W. Baker ; Julia E.. wife ot Geo. E. "Welles ; and Dcni.son B., Jr., all now of Diilnth, Minnesota ; ami Virginia, wife of James Eobison, of Wieliita, Kansas. January 20, 18{!2, Mr. Smith was married with Julia E. Hunt, sister of his first wife. WILLIAM T. WALKER was born near the City ot Dublin, Ireland, December 28. 1S25. and is of English and Welsh aiicestiy. He was ed- ucated by private tutor until his 14lh year, when he entered a wholesale Grocer and Wine Merchant's office in Carlow, as junior Clerk. Here so rapid was his promotion, that at the end of four years he had passed through the diiferent grades of service and became Book- keeper. In 1845 the failing health of his father, then living at Athy, in the County ot Kikhire, necessitated his return home, where he re- mained until after his father's death in 1840, when he accepted a Government position on the staff of the Government Engineering Depart- ment, established to furnish work forthe reliefof the people made destitute by the failure of the potato crop. In this connection he served as inspecting officer and surveyor of work done on the public works until the abandonment of the service in the Summer of 1847. In the Fall of that year, having been disappointed at not get- ting a position in the Armj" at home, he emi- grated to tlie United States. At that period the Mexican War had attractions for him, and he accordingly enlisted in the Second New York Volunteer Infimtry, and some time after- wards was ordered to Vera Cruz, Mexico, with a detachment of recruits. Instead of the service he expected to participate in on the field, he was detained Avith others at Vera Cruz, as a clerk in the Surgeon General's office there, much to his discomfiture. H« served during the War and in Jul}-, 1848, returned to the United States with the last detachment of the Eegiment, and was mustered out the 31st day of the same month, and soon thereafter sailed for England, where he passed the Winter of 1848-9. In the Fall of 1849 he returned to the United States, and soon after his arrival became foreman on the Public Works at Buf- falo. He subsequently became connected with the New York and Erie, Erie and State Line, the Buffalo and State Line, and the Butfalo and Canandaigua Railroads, as Foreman or Clerk, and on the latter as Manager. In 1853 he became Book-kee]}er for the house of Chamberlain & Crawford, Canal Liue and Steamboat Agents, of Cleveland, in one of their branch establishments at Rochester, Pennsyl- vania, where he remained four )'ears, part of the time as resident manager of their transpor- tation business. In 1857, at the urgent solici- tations of the senior member of the firm, who entertained the hisjhest opinion of bis ability and trustworthiness, he removed to Cleveland to act as shipping a^ent of the firm. He re- mained in thatoffice one year, when he received the ajipoiiitment ot agent of the Northern Ti-ans]iortation Company's line of Steatncrs at Toledo. Here his business ability and manage- ment soon built up an immense traffic lor the line, and in the actual management of which ho was identified until the company dissolved in 1880. In the nu'antin\o he established a <'oin- niission House in 'Toledo, with P. Chamberlain of Cleveland, and II. J. Hayes of Toledo, and up to 188(5 had two or three other |)artners. Mr. Walker for many years has taken the warmest interest in Free Masonrj-. He first joined the order at Rocliesler, Pennsylvania, in 1853, being luade a Master .Mason in Rochester Lodge, No. 229 ; a Royal Arch Mason in Fort Meigs Chapter (Toledo), No. 29, and a Hoyal and Select Master in Toledo Council, No. 33. He is also a Knight Templar in Toledo Com- mandery, No. 7, one of the largest Masonic bodies of the grade in the State, of which he has been for tw^o years Eminent Com- mander; also a member of the bodies at Toledo, and the Ohio Consistory at Cincin- nati of the "Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite Masons." As a Mason he has hold office in one grade of each and every Masonic body but one in the City of Toledo — the high- est in the gift of the Commandery K. T.. and is now the second highest in the Grand Command- ery of K. T. of Ohio ; and has been for years the representative of the Grand Commandery of the State of New Jei'sey to the Grand Com- manderj- of Ohio, is now also G. See. of A. A. Rite in Toledo. For many years he has been an active member of the ilasonic Relief Asso- ciation of Northwestern Ohio, of which he has been Director ami Vice President, and is now President. In Masonrj- he has attained the 32d degree. . Mr. Walker is a progressive, public spirited man, and is and has been prominently- identified with many local institutions — a Director for many years and in 1879 and in 1884 President of the Produce Exchange; one of the origina- tors and a Director of the Toledo Soldiers' Me- morial Association, has been its President for two years and in which he now holds the office ofTreasurer ; has been aDirectorfor manyyeai's of the Toledo Fire and Marine Insurance Com- pany ; helped to organize the American District Telegraph Company, and has for j'ears been a Director and Vice President ; and is now Secrc- tarj- of Masonic Temple Association, an oi-gani- zation which purchased the ground and erected the present Masonic Temple on corner of Supe- rior and Adams Streets ; is now Vice President of the Ohio State Association of Mexican War Veterans ; has been from the organization a Director of the Toledo, Columbus and Southern Railroad Company, and is now its Vice Pres- ident ; and has been since 1884 a member of the Loyal Legion of the United States, Cincin- 472./ HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. nati, Ohio, Commandeiy, a membership of which he is especiall}' proud. In all these varied and responsible positions he has ever been au active and positive force. A Republican since the birth of that party, he lias ever been a staunch believer and advoca- tor of the ]irinciplcs and docti-ines of thepartj'. He was first elected member of the Toledo Com- mon Council in 1875, and again in 1877; in 1880 was elected to the Board of Aldermen. He served as Yice President of the Council for two years, and as President of the Board of Alder- men one year. During his service in Council and as Alderman he was Chairman of tlie Committee on Waj's aud Means except one year. In 188G he was appointed City Auditor and at present fills that office. His appointment was received with approval by the citizens of Toledo, who recognized in him a man eminently fitted for the position. Mr. Walker vvas married to Julia Barrell, of Evans, New York, who died in 1870, leaving sis children. He remarried in 1871 Rose Jen- nings, of Adrian, Michigan, to whom two .sons and a daughter have been born. SHELDON CLARK REYNOLDS, the youngest of ten children of Jesse and Sarah Sheldon Reynolds, was born in Essex County, New York, November 29, 1835. His father, a farmer by occupation, was born in Dutchess County, New York, September 15, 1793, and died December 10, 1853. He served during the War of 181215. Mr. Reynolds' mother was born September (3, 1794, and died July 20, 1851. The boyhood of the son was passed upon a farm, his educational advantages being limited to attendance at the District School. At the age of 14 he went to Bridge- port, Vermont, where for two years he resided with his sister. It was during this period that the principal portion of his School education was received. In the Winter he attended the Village Schools, while his spare time from labor during the Summer was devoted to studying under the direction of his sister. At the age of 16 he commenced his business career, by entering the employ of his brothers (W. R. and W. B. Reynolds), engaged in the general Dry Goods business at Jackson, Michi- gan. After three years of service, marked by economy and good management, he purchased the business interest of his brother W. R. Reynolds, aud became a partner with his re- maining brother, under the firm name of W. B. & S. C. Reynolds. This relationship continued for one year, when W. B. sold his interest to W. R., and the firm became known as W. R. & S. C. Reynolds. For tlie succeeding 14 years, the firm remained unchanged. The subject of this sketch during this period displayed those natural business traits, which since in a wider field of commercial activity have made him so successful. Year by year the extent of their business transactions increased, which ex- tended bej'oud the line of their original en- terprise. During the latter years of this business in Jackson, the yearly transactions of the firm reached a sum above half a mil- lion dollars. In 1869, W. R. and S. C. Rey- nolds disposed of their business interests in Jackson, and in the same j-ear W. R., W. B. and S. C. Reynolds purchased the Armada Flouring Mills in Toledo, and commenced the manufacture of Flour under the firm name of Reynolds Brothers. At this date the subject of this sketch removeil his family to Toledo, and took full charge and management of the Mills. No change occurred in the personnel of the firm until 1872, when W. B. Reynolds sold his interest to his remaining brothers. From the time the Reynolds Brothers took control of the Armada Mills until thej' dis])osed of it in 1875, the venture was a complete success. Previous to their proprietorship, the largest yearly product had not exceeded 20,0(11) bar- rels ; while under the ])ersonal supervision of Mr, Reynolds it reached over 100,00(t barrels. In 1875 Reynolds Brothers sold this Mill property, at which date S. C, Reynolds em- barked in the Grain Commission trade, a business in which he has become so well known in the commercial world by his extensive operations. Associated wi^.h him at the com- mencement of this venture, was Charles L,, a son of W, R, Reynolds, Ivater on Mr, Rey- nold.s' .son, Fred J,, and J, H, Bowman were added to the firm, Mr. Reynolds has been since the formation of the house virtually sole manager aud conductor of its business. In 1875 2,000 car-loads of grain were handled by the firm, while in 1885, it reached the amount of 85,000 car-loads— a larger quantit_y, as believed, than was handled hj any other man or firm in the United States, Mr, Reynolds was the first Grain Merchant to bring grain to Toledo from West of the Mississi]ipi and Mis- souri rivers. He is a member and the largest stockholder of the Produce Exchange, and was among the first to start the movement which resulted in the erection of the Produce Ex- change building, one of the finest stuctures in the City. In politics Mr. Reynolds is a Demo- crat, but has never taken much interest in political affairs. Until recently Mr, Reynolds had taken comparatively no relaxation from his engrossing business duties; but in 1884, the state of his health induced him to take an extended Ocean voyage. He returned greatly benefited by the trip, and has since purchased a fine Steam Yacht, named the Sigma, an oc- casional ti'ip in w'hich forms his principal recreation, Mr, Reynolds was married No- vember 16, 1856, to Martha A, Simpson, of Watertown, Wisconsin. Four children have been the issue of this marriage, of whom but one son, Fred. J,, born August 25, 1857, is now living, the others having died in infancy. COMMERCE AND TRADERS. 473 The following table gives tlie Lake shiiiments from Toledo of tlie articles uamed, during the years 1840, 1841, 1842 and 1843, to wit : " 1840. 1841. 1842. 1843. Wheat, bus 85,000 127,898 116,730 187,860 Flour, bbls 51,000 45,784 37,280 59,368 Pork, " 1,200 7,063 8,445 1,901 Ashes, casks 000 1,302 1,072 2,786 Value exports-- $381,000 $521,000 .$358,000 $665,000 Salt (imported), bbls 11,000 17,000 24,000 35,000 The following table shows the shipments of the articles named at Toledo, Sandusky, Cleve- land and Chicago for the year 1851 : Corn, bus Wheat Flour, bbls Pork Wheat and flour bushels Lard, bbls Salt, bbls Salt, bags Toledo. Sandusky. 2,783,1491 712,151 1,6.39,744 245,233 42,356 1,800,397 147,951 5,564 2,868,909 2,-540,152 27,165 766 102,032 37,263 79,080 2,469 Cleveland. Chicago. 906,653 2,575,334 2,141,943 293,149 656,040 41,539 13,580 16,407 5,432,143 500,844 4,314 4,468 92,270 87,052 .50,947 1 60,000 PRICES CURRENT. As indicating something of the fluctuations in values which have attended the opening and progress of trade and improvement in Lucas County and the West, a lew citations are here made of prices current at different dates. The earliest list of prices current at hand is given in the Blade of May 16, 1837. It was " corrected weekly by Palmer, Bush & Co.," and was as follows : Flour, superfine, per bbl $ 8.50 Pork, mess 23.00 Pork, prime 16.00 Pork, one hog 18.00 Beef, prime 11.00 Hams, smoked, per lb 13 (if Sisters of Charity. Young Men's Association— (Established in 1838.) M. R. Waite, President; John Eaton, Jr., Vice Pres- ident ; John Sinclair, Corresponding Secretary ; Henry T. Bissell, Recording Secretary ; Alfred W. Gleason, Treasurer; John Walbridge, Wm. S. Sizer, J. C. Bnell, Edwin S. Piatt, E. P. Gaylordand H.T. Bissell, Trustees. TRANSPORTATION LINES. Merchants' Despatch — Chas. S. Pomeroy, Agent. Great Western Despatch — C. S. Pomeroy, Agent. Lake Superior— S. C. Sampson, Agent. New York Central Propellers — H. B. Pomeroy, Agent. New York and Erie Propellers — Samuel S. Read, Agent. American Transportation Company — Frank J. King, Agent. VVestern Transportation Company —Sinclair & Co., Agents. Merchants' Western Line — Scott & Co., Agents. New York and Western States Line— Geo. A. Carpenter, Agent. Northern 'Transportation— Alonzo Godard, Agent. 484 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Old Oswego- -John Sinclair, Agectt. New Oswego— W. T. Walker, Agent. BANDS. Union Band— Isaac White, Leader. German Band— L. Milverstedt, Leader. Canneti's Band— J. W. Cannefl', Leader. CHURCHES. First Baptist— Rev. E. F. Piatt, Pastor. First Congregational— Rev. Wm. W. WiUiams, Pastor. Trinity Protestant Episcopal— Rev. H. B. Wal- bridge, Rector. Bethel— Rev. S. D. Shaffer, Chaplain, St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal -Rev. Joseph Avers, Pastor. Ames Chapel (Methodist)— Rev. Geo. W. Collier, Pastor. German Methodist— Rev. Sebastian Barth, Pastor. German Reformed— Rev. Henry Ashmeyer, Pas- tor. St. Francis de Sales— Revs. Wm. O'Connor and Charles Sidley, Priests. St. Mary's— Rev. Charles Evrard, Priest. FrenchCatholic— Rev. Charles Evrard, Priest. German Lutheran— Rev. Joan Dorfer, Pastor. German Lutheran Evangelical — Rev. Charles Markscheffel, Pa.stor. CE.METKRIES. Forest Cemetery— On Lagrange Street. Catholic Cemetery— Tremainsville (West Toledo). JOBBING TKADE. The following list of Dealers, with the aver- age amount of annual sales, is given in the Directory, to wit : Holies, Bell & Hubbell, Drv Goods and Grain $ 375,000 Secor, Berdan & Co., Groceries 200,000 Rogers & Lvman, " 200,000 Bishop* Co., " 160,000 Schmucker & Co., " 1.50,000 Dunham & Dunning, " l.SO.dOO May & Hathaway, " 1.50,000 S. & J. H. Whitaker, Hardware, etc 156,Sl,s Roff& Co., " 75,000 Geo. Wilder & Co., Liquors, etc 60,000 Brand &Lenk, " 65,000 Lyman Wheeler & Co., " 40,000 Brooks, Southard & Co., " 65,Ull(l Peter Lenk & Co,, Lager Beer 71,000 L. Cliapman, Hides, Leather, etc 300,000 Coghlin & Brooks, " 1.50,000 Calvin Bronson, Tobacco 125,0(10 West & Truax, Drugs, etc 100,000 James M. Ashlev & Co.,Drugs, etc 40,000 J. Hartwell, Cro'ckery 20,000 H. Stebbins, " 20,000 Ander.son & Fuller, Books, etc 50,000 Nye Brothers, " 40,000 L. Wachenheimer & Co., Clothing 75,000 J. & H. Thorner, " .50,000 G. Goldsmith, " 25,000 Kraus & Roemer, " 30,000 Berdan & Hunt, Dry Goods 20,000 W. J. Finlay, Oysters, Fruits, etc 7.5,000 Sawyer & Chamberlain, Stone Ware 40,000 Others estimated 50,000 Total $3,011,818 K.\TE» FOR DRAYMEX, HACKS, ETC. The authorized charges for the carriage of property, when the distance was not more than 1 mile, were as follows, in 1858: For each hogshead of Molasses, 25 cents ; for each cai5k of Sugar of .500 to 800 pounds, 15 cents; for each load of household goods, and housing same, 30 cents; for each load of baggage, goods, wares and merchan- dise, 25 cents ; for each load of lumber, flour, grain, etc., 15 cents. The charge for any distance within the City, not to exceed double the above rates. For carrying a passenger not exceeding 1 mile, 25 cents; for each additional passenger, 15 cents. For a distance from 1 to 2 miles, 50 cents, and additional passengers, 25 cents. Baggage of the weight of 60 pounds for each passenger to be free, and weight be- yond 60 pounds, to be at draymen's rates. 1860. The following list of departments of trade and professions, and of firms and in- dividuals engaged therein, taken from the To- ledo City Directorjr for 1860, shows in whose bands a large portion of the current affairs of the City were at that time : -William T. Walker, (R. New York Central Railway- Freight Agent. Agricultural Warehouses — L. J. Bush & Co. B. Mitchell), Henry Philipps. Architect — L. W. Doane. Artesian Well-Borer — William Morris. Attorneys at Law — Wm. Baker and W. A. Collins, E. P. Bassett and Charles Kent, Edward Bissell, Jr., Henry T. Bissell, Edward M. Brown, James H. Camp- bell, H. S. Commager and R. C. Lemmon, Charles Dodge, Michael B. Doyle, Thomas Dunlap, John C. Espv, George P. Este, G. R. Havnes and C. W. Moul- ton,"M. O. Higgins, C. W. Hill and Charles Pratt, F. A. Jones and J. M. Ritchie, Thomas A. Lane, Ira E. Lee and J. J. French, John W. McKim and P. S. Slevin, A. F. Machen, John J. Manor, E. Dwight Nye, Louis II. Pike, H. P. and E. S. Piatt, Emery D. Pot- ter, Daniel S. Price and David R. Austin, B. W. Rouse and A. G. Clark, Stephen J. Springer, J. R. Tyler and John Kay, M. R, and Richard Waite, Andrew Young, Duwming H. Young. Auctioneers — John D. Crennan, Johnson and Brown. Bakeries — Joseph Seiter, M. C. Worts and Son. Banks and Bankers — Ketcham, Berdan & Co., Wm. Kraus and Wm. H. Smith, E. Parmelee & Co., James A. Rayner and Wed.W. Clark, Bank of Toledo, Toledo Savings Bank (Timothy Tredwell and Wm. A. Collins, proprietors). Barbers — J. C. Greiner, John B. Lott, William H. Merritt, C. Nebelung, William Speas, George W, Tucker, B. F. Tolburt, Peter Uhlman. Billiard Saloons — Gustavo Baither, John S. George, John H. Haverly and J. R. Pinkerton, John Jorgen, Fred. Just, F. Schaning. Blacksmiths — Frank Bohannon, Hiram Craig, W. H. Cranker, Jacob Feehr, D. S. Freeman, H. Helming, N. Hoit, Daniel Kellev, James Kemp, Lewis Lvons, James Maher, A. A. Marsh, J. L. Pratt, Edward Wall. Hoarding Houses — Mrs. M. E. Burnham, Mrs. B. Byrne, John Cannon, Mrs. Susan Darling, Mrs. J. C. Doolittle, Horace Douglas,Mrs. Eldredge, Mrs.M. Han- cock, S. Hoag, P. Horan, G. AV. Kirk. Mrs. R. Marsh, Josiah Miller, Mrs. J. A. Swift, Mrs. Harriet B. Thomas, Mrs. E. A. VanPelt. Boiler Makers — Fulton Henderson, Toledo Novel- ty Works. Book Bindery — Toledo Blade Office. Books, Stationerv, &c. — David Anderson and John W. Fuller, N. .VI. Landis and W. S. Dodd. Boots and Shoes — Calvin and Nathan M. Barker, Frederick Brandt, H. H. Cree, James J. Cunningham, S. and G. W. Doyle, G. Eraser, Casper Geisert, W. W. Gritfith & Co. (Robert Cummings), H. G. Gross & Michael Littiu, Henry Harbaum, W. W. Hunt & TOLEDO BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONS. 485 Co. (George Stebbina), John Kaufman, Fred. Kirn- meren, Louis Knodel, EliasLeonardson, G. F. .Mayer, Wm. B. Messinger & O. S. Bond, Henrv Miller, Rob- ert Moore. Harlow MuUiken & W." T. French, Thomas O'Neil, Edward N. Perry, Nathaniel Haugh- ton & James H. Marvin, William Rawle, Philip Red- ding, Henry Rieck, Daniel AV. Ruggles, J. Schmidt; J. K. Secor, P. F. Berdan, J. B. Ketchara and Janie.s Secor; Joseph Seiller, M. Sharkey, Ernst Wolter, John Young. Breweries — Joseph Grasser & J. Vilhauer, Peter Lenk; Charles V. Millard, W. J. Finlay and David S. Wilder; H. Thorner & Co. Cabinet Manufacturers— Jacob and Fred. Ingold, D. Johnston, A. L. Knittle, Joel Read, Joseph Wheel- er, Elias Wonders. Cap Manufactory — Mary Johnson. Carpenters and Builders — .John P. Freeman, Wm. C. Huffman, N. T. Ketcham, Edward Malone and John O'Neill, Morris N. Mooney and John W. Jaquett, H. S. Sampson & Adam Ballzmeyer, Andrew Shurtz, A Swift, Q. T. and J. H. Tappen, G. Wilson. Carpets — Henry C. Bolles. Carpet Weaver — Anton Raisenger. Carriage Manufacturers — George W. Gove and John G. Carter, Austin B. Waite. Chair Manufacturer — G. W. Cummings. China, Glass and Queensware— Anthony W. Bar- low and Wm. T. Thomason. Cigars and Tobacco — T. C. Clark, E. D. Groot, Ernst Hagner and F. R. Tigges, Peter Hamlin, J. G. Holzwarth, John C. Klotz, \Vm. ^Markscheffel, Mor- rough O'Brien and Isaac N. Poe. Engineers — L. W. Doane, William H. Harris, E. D. Mason. Clothing--William Bolles & Co., Benjamin J. Gitsky, Moses CTitsky, Gustavus Goldsmith, Michael Higgins, Jacob Kraus, Lehman Kraus, Jacob Roeraer, Henry Thorner, A. Tuey &. Co., Louis Wachen- heimer and Theo. Wegener, Christ. Woehler. Coal Dealers— C. C. Butts, C. C. Keysor. Coal Oil Dealers— James D. & Samuel D. Cham- berlin. Commission Merchants — Milo Bashare and J. Davis Pomeroy, R. H. Bell, Horace Holcomb& Kent, Lowber & Co. (New York), W. H. Bigelow, Frederick Bissell, Matthew Brown and H. S. and Eb. Wal- bridge, Marshal Burton and L. S. Hubbard, Geo. A. Carpenter, M. D. Carrington and Lyman and T. B. Casey, Benjamin Fitts and Joseph Flynn, Alonzo Godard, P. T. Hamm and H. J. Hayes, Truman H. Hoag, Charles A. and Frank J. King, James Mc- Connell, M. V. Northrup and Peter Yost, tienry B. Pomeroy, W. G. Powers and Wm. C. Fisk, Samuel S. Read, John Stevens and Harry Chase, Gilbert Rogers, Jr., and Joseph S. Lyman, James R. Strong, James and Joseph Tolman and Chas. O'Hara, Henry D. Walbridge, William T. Walker, and Courtland Yardley. Confectioners— S. E. Fo.k, M. Hunker, Chas. Lenk, Michael Ryan, Mrs. E. Stahl. Coopers — A. A. Belknapp, Patrick Carroll, Jacob Fay, Henry Fink, Lorenz Karl, Loren McCracken, John and Dennis Moloney, John Newman. Dentists — John Estile, C. H. Harroun and Robert L. Evans, C. E. Read. Die-Sinker and Engraver — John Cardif. Distillers and Rectifiers — Edmund H. Harger and Alonzo Kingsbury. Dress Maker — .\Irs. Holmes. Druggists — Frank S. Bakewell, Thomas Daniels, Albert G. and Edwin H. Dooley, D. H. Miner and W. T. Huntington, E. D. Peck and E. L. Ross, J. B. and C. A. Trembley, Charles West, Charles E. Win- ans. Herman Wittstein. Dry Goods Dealers— Calvin and N. M. Barker, Henry C. Bolles, William Bolles & Co., William H. Brunce and Henry D. Brown, Fred. Eaton and Asa Backus, S. H. Keeler and W. S. B. Hubbell, Mrs. Fannie McFadden, L. C. Hunt and Geo. F. Deni- son, John A., Alfred C. and Chas. A. Moore, Perry, Haughton & Co., Secor, Berdan & Co., Thos. C. Stewart. Dyers— H. Ralph, I. S. Bowers, Jacob De La Croix. Edge Tool Manufactory— A. H. Marsh. Electropathist — J. W. Clarke. Grain IClevators- Brown, VVall)ridge &Co., Henry D. Walbridge. iMiibroideries, Laces &c. — Thomas Jackson. Feed Store —Patrick Clear. Fancy Goods — William L. ('cirwin, M. Hoffman, M. Hunker, William Rauble. Flour and Feed Stores- Pliillip Hoag and John B. Foreman, .\. E. Rogers, Melclioir Weber. Flouring ilills— Daniel Pettys. G. W. Scott &. Co. Frame Manufacturer — Gustavo Trost. Furniture — Bernard Meilink, Henry Van Karsen. Furnishing Goods, Gents — Gustavus Goldsmith, Joseph A. and V. W. Granger, Ijchman Kraus, Henry Thorner, Christ. Woehler. Furnishing House — John Burns & ('o. Furnishing, Ladies — W, W. Slu'rwciod. Furs— Joseph Coghlin and Samuel Brooks. Gas and Steam Fitters — John II. and Henry L Williams. Grocers, Wholesale and Retail— Nicholas Alberti, Declan Allen, John N. & Henry .'Vuth, Barker & Brother, Bell, Holcomb & Co., Nicholas Bieber, Geo. A. Bishop and Wm. S. Foster, G. II. Boegehold, John Boyle, Thomas Butler, John Bradley, Henry Brand, Henry & Wm. Breed, H. J. Chase and James Dority, Patrick Clear. Fred. C. Cole. Felix Connelly, Wm. Crabb and Richard tiarner, James Crow, .Michael Dooley, Morgan Draper, Micluiel Dunn, W. S. Dus- ton, August Engford and Wm. Schultz. J. S. Fifleld and Henry McHenry, Jr., M. Fitzpatrick, J. P. Flynn, F. Gavin. P. Golden, M. M. Goulden. F. Grant Michael Haunan, iVugust Heck, Fred, lien- nig, Bernard He.ssling, M. Higirins, Paul Hott'man. .1. W. Holland, M. Hollenbank, J. H. Huyck, Frank P. Isherwood, W. S. Isherwood and Leander Burdick, Ferdinand Johnson and Fred. v\ itker, Thos. Kelley, J. Kessler, John H. Kiest, T. f^ewis and John I>ycan, Patrick McCarty, Wm. Markschetl'el, Ouido Marx, J. W. May and A. H. Hathaway, Conrad Miller, Peter C. Moross, Joseph Moser, Michael and Roger Murphy, Pat. Murray, John Neuman and Casper Pepple, J. O'Connor, Geo. 0'l>onnell, Frank Otto, Perry, Haughton & Co., Cyril I'lumey, Jas. Raymer & R. I. Skidmore, E. Hagen, Kphraim Riker & Chas. T. Hubbard, Rogers & Lyman, William Renan. Wm. Schaefl'er, Andrew Schiele, Martin Schmidt, Secor, Berdan & Co., Charles and John Sinclair, John A. Speyer and John Borchant, G. W. Temme, John Tolman and John Gherkins, Jacob Van Orden, John P. Webber. Cieorge Weber, Phillip Welker, Veit M. Wening, Robert Whiteford, Luther Whitney, Sewall Whittlesey, E. Weidemann, Leonard and Minott L Wilcox, F. Wizigerranter, Mannister C. and George Worts, Mrs. M. A. Young. Gunsmiths— John Canlif, Gideon K. Pheatt. Hardware, Cutlery, &c.— David Ketcham and John J. Barker, Henry Philipps & Co., Wm. and Charles B. RoS', Fred. Schaal, J. N. Stevens, F. L. Nichols and Mavor Brigham, J. H. and W. H. Whit- aker and C. B. Phillips. Hats, Caps, &c. — N. H. Callard, J. A. Corbusier, N. W. Eddy, Charles Hoehler, Jacob Seler, Matthias Seyler. Hides and Leather— Geo. C. Chapman and Frank Braisted, Coghlin & Brooks, Timothy Sheldon, Adam Burget and Nathan D. Morey, Abijah Thomp- son, Chas. K. Wright and Allen W. Bingham, Thomas & O'Hara. 486 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LVCAS COUNTY. Hotels— American Hotel, Lyman T. Thayer, Elm street; City Hotel, Farmers' Inn, Forest City Hotel, 14 Perrv street; Hotel Jacobs, T. W. Jacobs. St. Clair and Madison ; Island lIou.se, R. P. Ainger, Radroad Depot ; Kingsbury House, H. V. Kingsbury, Summit, between (Uicrry "and Walnut ; Oliver House, John McKenster, Proprietor ; Mcrehants' Hotel, D. B. Dunham, (Xirner Jetl'erson and .St. Clair; Europias- cher House, Hubert Shifler, Summit, between Walnut and Locust; Temperance House, Wabash Railroad House, near Wabash Round House ; West- ern Hotel, Perry street, between St. Clair and Sum- mit ; Whipple House, Elisha Whipple, Ottawa and Perry streets. Ice Dealers— Simon Kohn, Jacob Van Orden. Instrument Maker— Charles H. Allen. Insurance Agencies -Chas. W. Moulton, /Etna Fire Company; Henry Bennett and John Sinclair; Theophilus P. Browii, Phoenix Fire; James H. Campbell ; A. G. Clark, Connecticut Mutual ; War- ren Russeil, Wm. H. Whitaker, Courtland Yardley, Downing H. Young. Iron Railing Manufacturer -John Matheis. Jewelry Manufacturer— I. N. Clawson. Land Agent — Nehemiah Allen. Lightning Conductor— James Ballard. Lime and Plaster — Frank Holt and James Saw- yer, George McMonagh. Livery Stables -E. Clark Blodgett, Wed. W. Howe, Humphrey Jones. R. Shephard, Lyman T. Thayer. Sara Warren, Waite & Co. Lumber Dealers — Thomas J. Bodley, C. F. Cur- tis and Augustus Thomas; Hudson B. Hall, David Smith and M. W. Day Jr.; I. N. Hathaway and Wm. B. Thorn, Ozias Mather, L. A. Raymond, John H. Moulton and Paul Jones, Nathan Reeve, A. L. Kelsey and J. W. Walterhouse, L. M. Skidmore and Ira David, George Chester and John H. Walbridge, John C. Ketcham, James L, Smith. Marble Works— Samuel Clark and William Do- lan, Edward VanAntwerp, Thomas H. Woodruff. Dealers in Meats— J. VV. and R. W. Bellamy, Henry and William Breed, John Deidrick. Joseph Garner, Jacob Hofl'man and Fred Schmidt, John M. Hoffman, Henry Levi, Christian Luitkardt, Murphy & Co., Anthony .Smith and Charles Waltz, Gotlieb Stahl, Matliew Stierling, Jacob VanOrden, Fred. Wolf. Milliners— Mi.ss Catherine Cearney, E. H. Fowle, Mrs. F. W. Higby, Mrs. A. Jackson, Mrs. Fanny McFadden, William Rawle, W. W. Sherwood. Music and Musical Instruments — Louis Doeble, C. W. Schrempf, R. Reed. Music Teachers— Louis Mathies, D. F. Waltz. Newspapers -Toledo Blade (Daily, Tri-Weekly and Weekly), Toledo Demokrat (German Weekly), Toledo Express (German Weekly), Toledo Herald and Times (Daily and Weekly). Newspapers and Periodicals — Theo. J. Brown and G. W. Baldwin. Nurseries and Florists— James H. Campbell, Al- fred and Richard E. Fahnestock, W. L. Pomeroy. Oculist— John E. Tenney. Oyster Dealers— William J. Finlay, Riker & Hub- bard. Pail and Tub Manufactory— William M. Riley. Painters — John Bladon, Richard H. Carter, John C. Collins and W. C. Cheney, De Witt C. Dewey, Davis Lewis, John Miller, Thomas Southard, Thomas Southard and Henry M. Hall, J. B. Howard (Por- traits), W. H. Machen (Portraits). Photographs, Ambrotypes, &c.— Henry C. Frentz, Fred. Muhlenbick, Robert Rudolph and P. H. O. Willebrands, Matthew H. Stevenson, T. D. Tooker. Physicians — Lawrence G. Andrews, Silas Bailey and Franklin Bigelow, Charles Beaupre, SvmmesH. Bergen, Nicholas Bieber, Arthur F. Bisse'll, Alfred Bostwick, Valentine Braun, Daniel L. Briggs, Gilbert Chaddock, Jacob Clark, James Coldham, William C. Daniels, William Darling, G. Fenneberg, J. Fields, Samuel F. Forbes, Isaac N. Hazlett, William W. Jones. Francis J. Klau.ser, T. E. Miner. J. G. Nolen, C. L. Scotield, Charles H. Swaine, J. E. Tenney, J. B. Trembly, A. Tyler. Plasterer and Paver — Patrick Malone. Plow Maker— William Hall. Plumbers — Williams & Brother. Pork Packers — F. Bishop and John H. Trowbridge, William O. Brown. Elijah S. Hanks, Joel W. Kelsey and J. True, James McConnell. Porter and Ale — Henry Brand. Potash Manufacturer — John Hoffman. Potter — August Phillip. Printers, Book and Job— James A. Boyd and Geo. Snyder, Joseph E. Marx, A. D. Pelton, G. T. Stewart and Clark Waggoner, H. T. Smith, Charles H. Buelow. Rectifiers of Liquors — Lyman Wheeler & Matthias Boos. Real Estate Dealers — James H. Campbell, Piatt Card. Restaurants — Patrick V. Fitzpatrick and John Delaney, Patrick Graham, Bartoleme Mayer. Saddles, Harness, &c.— Albert Bunert and Henry Gross, Henry D. Pugh, L. Chapman & Co., John Redding. Sail Maker— John Bre3'man. Sash, Door and Blinds— Harwood A. Boyd, Alfred Carter and DeMarquis McCormick, B. H. Hitchcock and D. S. Wilder. Saw Mill-G. W. Rodebangh. Saw Manufacturer— Edward L. Turner. .Sewing Machines— O. M. Partridge. Ship Carpenters— Benj. B. Orcutt and Wm. Zeitler. Soap and Candles — John Hoffman, Henry Thorner and Edward Eitel. Stave Dealers— Peter H. Birckhead ; Harbeck & Co., John S. Harbeck, Agent. Steam Engine Builders— Fulton Henderson. Tailors -J Aschenbramer, Chauncey ii. Buck, N. H. Callard, Jacob De La Croix, Gustavus Goldsmith, Granger & Brother, John Harbauer, Jacob Hofer, J. Ketteman, Lehman Kraus, Charles Lowwater, James Ryan, John Sallis, Matthias Schaffer, Jacob Stutz, Henry Thorner, Michael Vetter, Wacheuheimer & Wegener, Christ. Woehler. Taverns— Congress Hall, Eagle House, Farmers' Hotel, German Home, Peter Kohler, Moore's Ex- change, National Hotel, Ohio House. Tea Dealer— Thomas C. Clark. Telegraph— Western Union Line. Tin, .Sheet Iron and Copper Workers — Ketcham & Barker, .Stevens, Nichols & Co., Andrew Van Ness, Whitaker & Phillips, Cliauncy D. Woodrufl", Bladon & Co. Tobacco Manufacturer — Calvin Bronson. Undertakers — .Joel Read, Thomas Tilnian. Upholsterer — F. Brauer. Vinegar Manufacturers — Henry Brand, Stephen Marsh, Alonzo Smith. Wagon Makers— S. S. Curtis, William Hall, Thos. Jackraan, Frederick Siebert, Francis Suer. Watches and Jewelry — Joseph W. Canneff, Henry T. Cook, Ralph A. Cross, John L. Tanke. Wig Jlanufacturer — John G. Paine. Wood Dealer— John Van Gunten. Wool Dealer — J. Chapman & Co. 1887. The Toledo Directory for 1887, issued by R. L. Polk & Co., in July, contained 29,968 names; being 27,599 names more, or 12^ times the number of 1858. From the Classified Business Directory of the issue of 1887, the following abstract is taken : TOLEDO BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONS. 487 Abstracts of Titles, 4 ; Agents — Advertising, 2 ; Cartage, 2 ; Claim, 1 ; Collection, 9 ; Financial, 1 ; General, 1 ; Loan, 19 ; Manufacturers, 6 ; Pension, 1 ; Merchandise, 1 ; Publishers, 4 ; Roofing Paints, 1 ; Seeds, 1 ; Steamship, 4 ; Ticket, 4 ; Vessel, 3. Agri- cultural Implements, 12; Amusements, places of, 4; Apiarists' Supplies, 5 ; Architects, 10; Agricultural Iron Works, l"; Art Pottery, 1, Art Store, 1 ; Artists, 12 ; Attorneys, 127 ; Auctioneers, 3 ; Auction and Commission, 1 ; Awnings and Tents, 2 ; Axle Manu- facturer (tubular), 1 ; Bakers, 27 ; Baking Powder, 2 ; Bank and Office Railing, 1 ; Bank Vaults, 1 ; Banks and Bankers, 10; Bar Goods, 2; Barber Chairs, 1; Barbers, 72; Barbers' Supplies, 2; Baskets,!; Bas- ket Manufacturers, 2 ; Bathing Apparatus, 1 ; Bent Wood Work, 3; Bicycles, 2 ; Bill Po'sters, 1 ; Billiard Halls, 5 ; Billiard Tables. 1 ; Bird Cages, 1 ; Black- smiths, 03 ; Blank Book Manufacturers, 3 ; Bleachers and Pressers, 1 ; Block and Tackel Manufactun'r, 1 ; Boarding Houses, (iO ; Boat Builders, 1 ; Boat Houses, 1 ; Boiler Compound Manufacturer, 1 ; Boiler Mak- ers, 3 ; Bolt and Nut Manufacturers, 1 ; Book Binders, 6 ; Books and Stationery, .S ; Boots and Shoes, 40 ; Boot and Shoe Makers, 90 ; Bottling Works, 8 ; Box Manufacturers, 7 ; Brass Foundries 4 ; Brass Goods (Manufacturers), 1 ; Brewers, 5 ; Brick Manufacturers, 8 ; Bridge Builders. 3 ; Brokers — Bonds. &c., 1 ; Ex- change, 1 ; General, 2; Grain. 1 ; Merchandise, 5; Money, 8 ; Stock, 1 ; Ticket. 3. Broom Manufacturers, () ; Brushes, 2 ; Builders' Materials 5 ; Business Col- leges, 4 ; Cabinet Makers, 5 ; Car Builders, 2 ; Car Brake Manufacturers, 1 ; Carpenters and Contractors, 44; Carpet Cleaners, 3 ; Carpet Weavers, 15 ; Carpets and Oil Cloths, 4 ; Carriages and Wagons, 2 ; Car- riage and Wagon Makers, 13; Carriage Hardware, 2; Carriage Trimnungs, 2 ; Catholic Books, 1 ; Chair Manufacturers, 2 ; China Decorator, 1 ; Churn Manu- facturers, 2 ; Cider Manufacturers, 3; Cigar Makers, 30; Cigars and Tobacco, 22; Cisterns and Tanks, 2; Civil Kngineers, 10 ; Clairvoyants,!; Cloak Manu- facturers. 2; Clothing, 20; t lub House, 1; Coal. 9; Coal and Wood, 52 ; Coffee and Spice Mills, 4 ; Coke, 4; Commission — Boots and Shoes. 3; Fruits, 2; Grain, 17 ; Groceries, 1 ; Meats, Flynn & Dixon, 1 ; Produce, 7; Stocks and Oil, 1. Confectioners, 35; Contractors, 21; Coopers, 6; Cordage, 1; Cornice Manufacturer, 1 ; Cot Manufacturer, 1 ; Crockery and Hardware, 11 ; Cutlery. 5; Dairies, 10; Dentists, 23 ; Dredges, 2 ; Dress Makers, 87 ; Druggists— Whole- sale, 2 ; Retail, 58. Dry Goods — Wholesale, 2 ; Re- tail, 37. Dyers and Scourers, 4 ; Electric Light Com- panies, 2 ; Electrotypers. 2 ; Elevator Manufacturers, 1; Elocutionists, 4 ; Engravers, 8; Express Compa- nies, 7 ; Extract Manufacturers, 2; File Manufac- turers, 2 ; Filter Manufacturers, 2 ; Fire Brick and Fire Clay, 3 ; Fish — Wholesale, t> ; Retail, 7 ; Fishing Tackle, 7 ; Flouring Mills, 7; Founders and Machin- ists, 9; Fruits, 7 ; Funeral Directors, 16 ; Furniture Manufacturers and Dealers, 18; Furriers, 2 ; Galvan- ized Cornice, 3 ; Gas Companies — Natural Gas, 3 ; Gas and Oil, 2 ; Illuminating Gas, 1 ; Gasoline Stoves and Ovens, 3 ; Glass Dealers, 2 ; Grain Elevators, 7 ; Grocers— Wholesale, 7 ; Retail, 350; Guns and Am- munition, 4; Hardware— Wholesale, 5; Retail, 25; Hat Manufacturers, 2; Hats, Caps and Furs— Whole- .sale, 1 ; Ret.ail, 12; Hides, Pelts and Furs, 5 ; Hotels, 50; House Furnishing Goods, 6; Ice Dealers, G ; In- stalment Houses, (J; Insurance Agents, 38; Insur- ance Companies— Accident, 5 ; Cvi'lone, 1 ; Fire and Marine, 12(i; Life, 13; Live Stock, 4 ; Steam Boiler, 2; Iron,?; Iron Works, 5 ; .Jewelers, .Manufactur- ing, 4 ; Junk Dealers, (i ; .Justices of the Peace. 4; ICnitGooilsManufacturiTs, 3; lyaundries, 13; Leather Findings, 2; Lime, Plaster and Cement, 7 ; Litho- graphers. 1 ; I>ivery, Sale and Boarding Stables, Hi ; Locksmiths and Bell Hangers. 4; Lumber, Lath and Shingles, 29; Maltsters, 2; Mantels and Grates, 2 ; Marble Works, 7 ; Meat Markets, 119; Mechanical Engineers, 2; Medical Colleges, 2; Men's Furnish- ings, 15; Mercantile Ageru'ies, 2 ; Merchant Tailors, 32; Midwivcs, G; Mill Supplies, 2 ; Millinerv— Whole- sale, 1 ; Retail, 27 ; Moulding Manufacturers. 3; Mu- sic Publishers, 2 ; Music and Musical Merchandise, 4; Music Teacher.--, 21; News Depots, 11; News- papers— Daily, 4 ; Weekly, 15; IMonlhlv, 9; Notary Publics, 17; Notions— VVholesale, 5 ;' Retail, 19; Nurses, 3; Oculists and Aurists. 3 ; Oils, 7 ; Opticians, 4; Overall Manufactui-ers, 2; Packers (Beef and Pork), 3 ; Paints and Paint Manufacturers. 5 ; Paint- ers, 47 ; Paints, Oils and (.ilass, 12; Paper, 4 ; Pawn- brokers, 2 ; Perfumes; 2 ; Photograjjliers, 10 ; Physi- cians, 104; Piano Tuners, 3 ; Pianos and Organs" 4 ; Pictures and Picture Frames, 10 ; Planing Mills, 15 ; Plow Manufacturer, 1 ; Plumbers, Steam and Gas Fixtures, 7 ; Potters, 2 ; Printers (Book and .Job), 17 ; Publishers, 10 ; Pump Jlanufacturers, 3 ; Real l-'-state, G5; Refrigerators, 2; Restaurants, 34 ; Rolling Mill,l ; Roofers. 7; Rubber Goods, 1 ; Roofing Materials, 2 ; Rubber Stamps, 2 ; Saddle and Harne.ssmakers, 17; Saddlery Hardware (Wholesale), 1 ; Safes, 1 ; Saloons, 395 ; Sand. 6; Sausage Manufacturers, 3; .Saw .Manu- facturers, 5; Second Hand Goods, 10; Seeds. 5; Sewer and Drain Pipe, 3 ; Ship Chandlers. 2; Shirt Manufacturers, 3; Short Hand School, 1 ; .Soap Manu- facturers, 5; Sporting Goods, 4 ; Stair Builders, 3; Stationers— Wholesale, 3; Retail, 2; Staves and Heading, 4 ; Steam Fitting, 2; Steam Heating Appa- ratus, 1 ; Steamship Agents, 2 ; Steamship Lines, 13 ; Stenographers, 4 ; Stone Yards, 5 ; Stove Repairers, 2; Stoves. 8; Tag and Label Manuf.acturers, 2; 'Tailors, 18; Taxidermists, 1; Teas, toffees and Spices, G ; Telegraph Companies, 5 ; Telephone Com- pany, 1 ; Tin, Sheet Iron and Copper Workers, 19; Tobacco Manufacturers and Wholesale Dealers, 5 ; Transfer Companies, 2; Trunk Manufacturers, 4; Turkish Bath, 1; Upholsterers, 5 ; Varnish Manu- facturers, 2 ; Velocipedes, 2 ; Vessel Owners and Agents, 3 ; Veterinary Surgeons, 5 ; Vinegar Manufac- turers, 2; Wagon "Makers, 17; Wall Paper, 4; Wat(dics, Clocks and Jewelry— Wholesale, 1 ; Betail, 24; Wheelbarrow Manufacturer, ); Window and Door Screens, 3; Wine Growers and Manufacturers, 2; Wines and Liquors — Wholesale, 12; Retail, 3; Wire and Iron Fencing, 1 ; WireClotli Manufacturer, 1; Wire Workers, 2 ; Wood and Willow Ware, 2; Wooden Shoemaker, 1; Woolens (Wholesale), 2; Wringers, 3; Yeast, 1. . CHAPTER XVIII. BANKS AND BANKING. THIS would not be the proper place for any- thing like a history of Banking in Ohio; and yet, in connection with the record to be made of that interest in Lucas County, brief relerence to the origin and progress of the same in the State, will not be irrelevant. The first Banking institution in Ohio was the Miami Exporting Company of Cincinnati, char- tered in April, 1803, at the very outset of the State Government. Its object, as indicated by the name given to it, was the promotion of trade more than regular Banking business, for which latter there was then comparatively little demand. This Company continued in existence for many years, with varying success. The first charter for a strictly Banking in- stitution, was that of the Bank of Marietta, granted in 1808; another charter, for the Bank of Chillicothe, being obtained at the same ses- sion of the Legislature. Various charters werfi granted from that time until 1816, when 12 new Banks were authorized, and the charters of old ones renewed. A peculiarity of the sys- tem then adopted, was the participation in the same which was given to the State. Each new Bank, at the outset, was to set apart for the State one share in each 25 shares, in consider- ation of its charter; and each Bank renewed was to create for the State a like proportion of stock. Each one of both classes, was annually to set apart out of its profits, a sum which, at the time when its charter expired, should make a sum equal to 4 per cent, of its entire capital stock. The dividends to the State were to be invested and reinvested until one-sixth of the stock should become State propert}'. By that law, Banks were authorized to be established at West Union, Columbus, New Lancaster, St. Clairsville, Mount Pleasant, Cleveland, Chilli- cothe, New Lisbon, Wooster and the Lebanon Miami Banking Company and the Urbana Banking Company. The charters then ex- tended, were those of the Marietta, Chillicothe, Steubenville, Muskingum, Western Reserve (at Warren), the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank at Cincinnati and the Dayton Manufacturing Company — all charters to run until 1843, and each with a capital of $500,000, except the Bank of Cincinnati, to be $600,000. This ar- rangement continued until 1825, when not working satisfactorily, it was so changed, that instead of sharing in the stock of the Bank, the State should receive the specific tax of 2 per cent, on past dividends, and 4 per cent, on those to be made bj^ the Bank. Meantime so-called Banks came into exist- ence at different points, without due authority of law. Among these, two were prominent in Northern Ohio— the Owl Creek Bank, in Knox County; and the Bank of Sandusky Bay, at Bloomingville (now in Erie County), both of which caused serious loss to holders of their bills. Such was the condition of the Banks in Ohio in 1818, that less than one-half of their notes were receivable for public taxes. In 1831, the tax on the Banks was increased from 4 to 5 per cent, of the dividends. In 1839, the Banks of the State having been largely managed in loose wa3S and without proper supervision, a Board of Bank Commis- sioners was appointed. This inquisition was unsatisfactory to the Banks, and provoked much controversy, which was greatly intensi- fied by a bitter political warfare against the entire system of Banking and all pajjer cur- rency. For some years, the question of Bank note circulation constituted the main issue between the Whig and Democratic parties in Ohio — the former favoring such currency, when properly secured against loss; while the latter party declared itself opiposed to anythiug as currency, save gold and silver coin. This state of things was largely due to the policy of the General Government, adopted about 1834, un- der what was popularly known as the " Pet Bank System." That came about through a contest between the two political parties — the Democratic, with President .Tackson at its head; and the Whig party, under the lead of Daniel Webster and Henry Clay, with a majority in both Houses of Congress. The charter of the United States Bank, granted in 1816, for 20 years, was to expire in 1836. A new charter was passed by Congress, which was vetoed by the President, and thus defeated. Up to that time and for many years, the Bank of the United States, as the chief financial agency of the country, had operated materially towai'd giving stability and reliability to the currency, while serving trade most acceptably in the facilities supplied by it in the way of exchange. But the expii-ation of the charter of that insti- tution and the closing up of its affairs, through the hostility of President Jackson, was attended by a new order of things. To provide a sub- stitute for the National Bank, the Administra- tion deposited the public moneys in selected State Banks, and to furnish a subsli^.ute for the bills of the discarded Bank, these new Banks of deposit were encouraged to treat the Gov- ernment deposits as a ba.'jis for the circulation of their own notes, which most of them were quite too glad to do. But it so happened, that these " Pet Banks" (as they came to be called), were only able to stimulate a demand for cur- rency which they were not able to meet. The [4S8] BANKS AND BANKING. 489 great West could receive but little benefit from their issues. Co-operating with such influences, was the rapid influx of active and energetic settlers, who lost no time in seeking out the shortest roads to riches, through operations in farm lands. Town lots and other speculations, all which called for currency ■' to meet the de- mands of trade." Impatient of dependence on outside Banks, and not a little resentful of the practice of favoritism by the Administration toward such " pets," the Western States re- sorted to difterent plans for meeting this press ing call. The natural result of such state of things was not delayed. It came, first, in the form of wild s]>eculation and recklessness, al- wa^'s induced b\^ excessive currency and con- sequent facility for the means of traffic. As early as 1835, the Govcrumeut found itself charged with a burden evidently not expected, and which was mainly felt in connection with its land sales. Speculation was chiefly devel- oped in traffic in public lands, which were pur- chased in vast quantities by speculators, as well as by an unprecedented tide of settlers from the East. All purchasers sought to pay in the cur- rency most readily to be obtained. This M'aa soon found to be impracticable by the Govern- ment, since a large portion of such currency was of the issue of obscure Banks, without gen- eral credit or means for the redemption of their notes. Hence, it was necessary to select the Banks whose issues were deemed safe, and pub- lish lists of such for the information of land- buyers. 'the result of this was most annojdng and the cause of heavy loss to the purchasers. As will be seen, before visiting a Land Office, one was compelled to consult the latest published list of acceptable Banks, and provide himself accordingly. Of course, such choice placed the bills of the Banks named at a premium, and thus, at the outset, involved loss liy the pro- posed purchaser. And not oidy this — do the best he could, he was liable to find, on arrival at the distant Land Office, that, subsequent to supplj'ing himself with prescribed currency, more or less of the same, in consequence of the failure or discredit of Banks, had been renderetl useless to him, except as he might be able to exchange it at whatever "shave" might be de- manded by the " Money Changers," located "next door" to the Land Office. The result often was gross wrons throuirh the extortion thus enforced by conscienceless ojjerators. A case in point, is that of Cyrus Darling, of Perr3sburg, Wood County, whose statement made October 3, 183G, indicates something both of the condition of the currency and of the modes of public business of those days. Mr. Darling said that in July previous to the date named he was at the I^and Office at Lima, Ohio, for the purjjose of purchasing land; and finding the currency he had with him was not " Land Office money," he was referred to a 3« small " E.xchange Offi'ce " clo.se by, where ac- ceptable money was to bo had, for which he paid 5 per cent, ju'cmium. After getting this, he found that the landselected by him had been entered by anothei- person; and while looking for another piece the Office was closed. He then went to the Land Office at Fort Wayne, where he was recinired to pay to another Land Office "Exchange " 7 per cent, to get the same money changed ; nudving a total ])reniium of 12 per cent. One man, who had jiaid 8 per cent., or $32 premium for the exchange of $400, found his lantl taken, and begged the re- turn of his money, which was rclused. He seemed to be a hard-working young man. As fui'ther showing something of the condi. tion of the curi-eiuv atthe West at that time, a copy of a " Shinplaster " is given here. It bears the names of two men subsequently emi- nent in public life — both having become mem- bers of Congress from Ohio, and one (the "President") the Democratic, candidate for Governor in the close contest of 1848, when Seabury Ford, his Whig opponent, was chosen. The "promise to pay " was as follows : No. 48. (\1GVETTE.— Horse and Leader.) A. 5 ELOCUTORY BANK 5 Will pay Thomas Blair, or bearer, on demand, FIVE CENTS, At the Office of the Cashier, Hamilton, Ohio. L. D. Campbelt, Cei^h tee. M.4Y 27, 1837. John B. Weller, President. This is but a sample of a large portion of the " currencj- " then in use throughout the West, and to large extent in other sections ; except, that most of it was the issue of firms and indi- viduals, and made payable in 'lui-rent Bank notes," when pi'esented in sums of one or moi'o dollars. The natural climax of the fiiuincial policy of the Government was reached in the issue of the '• Sjjecie Circular " of the Fall of 1830, Ibi-. bidding the receipt of anything but gohl and silver for public dues, which ojjerated greatly to aggravate the state of things, especially at the West. In July, 1838, notes of the Banks of the several States, were quoted at New York at the discount here given, to wit: Connecticut Bank, 2; percent.; Ilhode Isl;uicl, 1.4; Maine, New Hamiishire, Ma.ssachu.setts and Verniunt, 1 ; New Jersey, par to 4 ; Pennsylvania, 2 to 8 ; Dis- trict of Columbia, 3^ ; Georgia, 5 to 8 ; Ohio, 5 to G ; Indiana and Illinois, li ; Mobile, Ala., 14 to K! ; New Orleans, 10 ; Natchez, 20 to 2.") ; Canada, b to (J. For collections— On Boston, J ; Philadelpbia, 2 ; New Orleans, li to 10; Mobile, 14 to 15. In 1845, the fir.st .sound and effective Banking sjstem was adopted in Ohio. It consisted of the State Bank of Ohio, with Branches, to- gether with provision for Independent Banks. ■JOO HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Under the law, a certain amount of capital ■was fixed for the entire State, and -whicli was apportioned to the different sections of the State, according to the assumed needs of the same, respectively. This apportionment was not always satisfactory, nor always just. The rule of " tirst come, first served," necessarily adopted, operated to secure to the earliest applicants ]irivileges assigned to a certain district. Hence, it was, for instance, that stejJS were taken at Findlaj- for a Branch of the State Bank; and when preliminaries were completed, it was found that Toledo had got the start b}' a day or two, and secured for itself all the Banking ])rivileges apportioned to this section under the State Bank system. While that sj'stem was not perfect, itwas,by all odds, the best the State had then known, and soon commanded the general contidence of the people. It remained in operation until the creation by Congress of the system of National Banks, in 1863, which was made to take the place of all local Banks of issue by means of taxation of the latter amounting to prohibition. The result was, that most of the State Banks accepted and organized under the National sj'stem, which from the first commanded the confidence of the country to an extent far beyond anything previously existing. Two distinctive and highly important benefits have been conferred by it : 1st. A currency so sound and reliable that the notes of every Bank, however obscure its location or small its capital stock, are current equally with those of the largest institutions at the centers of trade; while all have credit at the principal money marts of the world. The second advantage arising from this 8J^stenl, consists in the un- precedented facilities for exchange thereby sup. plied. Until its adoption 24 years ago, all values in trade were more or less controlled by the rates for exchange existing at the several markets, and which depended on the value of the local currency at the point where the ex- change was to be used. The consequence often was, that a large per cent, of a dealer's receipts Avas required to get the balance into shape to be available for paying his indebtedness or for new purchases. Some idea may be had of the embarrassment experienced in this connection in early times, from a statement of the main reliance for ex- change then possessed. This consisted in cut- ting Bank bills into two equal parts from top to bottom, and then mailing to the payee one part of each bill so cut, accompanied by a description of the same, together with notice, that upon acknowledgment of receipt of the same, the other parts of the bills would be for- warded in like manner. As a result of the imperfect mail facilities of those days, it was not infrequent that the first remittance would be lost. In such case, public notice was given through the press of the fact, when the re- tained parts of the bills would be sent to the proper Banks, by which they would be ex- changed for new bills. All this — or nearly all — was dispensed with in the establishment of a currency uniform in value at all points; whereby at the farthest there can be no cost for exchange beyond the actual expense for the transportation of currency to the point of use; while for much of each year, especially at commercial centers, currency is worth more than exchange, and at a premium— a condition of things in marked contrast with that which devolved upon Western and Southern dealers a loss of from 1 to 25, and even a higher per cent, of loss on their business for exchange. Whether or not Michigan in her " Wild Cat " Banks, furnished the worst samples of the broods born of the " Pet Bank " system, niaj' be in doubt; but the necessarilj' intimate rela tions of Lucas County, and of Ohio generally, with that particular species, constitute a por- tion of the local histmy here projier to be furnished. In its effects upon the Inisiness of this sec- tion, the wretched so-called "currency" of Michigan, was no less unfortunate than was the boundary cpiestion, which then had just been settled. In fact, the contest with the " Wild Cat " brood, while perhaps not more bloody than was the " Toledo War," nevertheless was far more calamitous to the material interests of both sides of the disputed boundaiy. By the 1st of January, 1838,' " Michigan money" had come to be a matter of scricnis concern, and of no little discussion in this region. The Banks had substantially all sus- pended payment, without the ]iossessi(jn bjMlie jjublie of any proper information as to when or whether they would resume. For a time, this question seriously disturbed business cir- cles. The dealers of Toledo had divided as to the course to be pursued in this matter. De- cember If), 1837, a meeting of citizens of Tre- niainesville and vicinity was held lor the " con- siileration of the depreciation of Michigan monej-," with Horace Thacher in the Chair, and Cyrus Fisher as Secretarj'. After pro- viding for an adjourned meeting, with dele- gates from Sylvania, Bedfonl and Erie, ad- journment to l)ecember 22, at the house of P. I. Phillips, Tremainesville, took place. At the adjourned meeting after discussion, it was resolved to stand by the Michigan Banks and receive such of their notes as circulated at home. The " Toledo merchants and dealers " who were discounting such bills at 12i per cent. were strongly censured for so doing, since such policy was likely to "injure the farmers and mechanics," turn "trade into other channels," and " drive the only currencj' they had out of the country." They would "ask no discount on such money," nor would "they deal, if within their piower to avoid it, with any man who de- manded it" — an instance of " Boycotting," BANKS AND BANKING. •Jfll practiced many years before Mr. Boycott, tho Irish landlord, was subjected to tho same means for coercion. The Conunittoe reporting the rosi)lutions consisted of Dr. Cyi'us Fisher, John W. Collins, J. Porter Whitiiev, Thomas Wing, Coleman I. Keeler, M. W. W'est and M. Ij. Whitney. To what extent local jealoii.sy may have operated to array the Trcmaines- ville biisine.s.s men so activelj' agsunst the policy adopted at their j'oung and rising com- petit(n', cannot now be definitely stated. . The jieople of Maumee City, also, sliarcd in this currency troulile. A meeting of merchants and other citizens was held in August, 1S37, to take measures to prevent injury from the cir- culation of uncurrent Bank notes. Hiram Steele was the Chairman, and B. D. Cofiin the Secretary. F. E. Kirthuul, Dr. Oscar White, Timothy Gritfith, Owen Williams and James Howe, as a committee, reported resolutions de])rccating the embarrassment under which trade was conducted, and specifying the Bank notes which they would receive and the rates to be allowed for the same. They proposed, that " for the jnirpose of restoring the currency to something like a par standard, they would cliarge and exact the following rates of dis- count on Michigan Bank notes: The Banks in Detroit and the River Baisin Bank, not bank- able in Ohio, five per cent.; Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad Bank notes, eight per cent.; Washte- naw and Monroe, no sale; Clinton and Macomb County Banks, 25 per cent.; and other Michi- gan notes, 10 per cent." It was provided, that White & Kirtland, Morehouse & Brownlee, and S. A. it J. H. Sargent be a committee to report weekly through the Maumee City Express, "the standard value of Michigan Bank notes." It is .safe to .say, that these firms constitutcil the first recognized authority on the Maumee Biver for fixing the value of Bank currency. An address delivered in February, 1S7S, by the late Alpheus Felch, formerly a Bank Commis- sioner of Michigan, member of the Legislature and Governor of that State, and United States Senator from the same, furnishes much informa- tion as to the pioneer Banking system of that State. The first charter granted by the Legis- lative Council, was for the Baidc of Monroe in 1832, witli permi.s.sion to establish a Branch at Pontiac. In 1835, several Banks were created and Banking ]irivileges given the Erie and Kala- inazof) and the Detroit and Pontiac Pailroad Companies. Although Michigan did not be- come a State until January, 1837, a so-called State Legislature, early in 1836, undertook to grant Bank charters, of which that of the Bank of Manhattan was first in the list, it having been ajtproved by the Governor March 25, 183G; following which were charters for the Banks of Calhoun Count}', St. Clair, Clinton, Ypsilanti, Macomb County, Oakland County, Teeumseh and Constantiue. An attempt was made to adopt a "Safety I'und Sj-stcm," after the plan whieh did not succeed in New York, the distinctive feature of which was that each Bank was to deposit with the Slate Treasurer, at the beginning of each year, a sum e(|ual to one-half of one ]ier cent, on the capital slock ]iaid in; and tho fund so creali'il was to be lii'ld and to he used for the henetit of the ci-ediloi\s whenever any Bank in the ari-angciiu'iil should become insolvent. This applied only to iianks thereafter to he created and such others a.s ac- cepted the law. The ]u-ocess of Bank-creation then went on, and was greatly stimulated in 1837 by the suspension of nearly every solvent Baidv in the country. In oriler the moi'e full}- to keep afloat the circulation of the homo institutions, the Mich- igan Legislature in June, 1837, passed an "act suspending for a limited time certain provisions of law," whereby the Banks were ]H»rmitted to suspend s]jecie payments until Ma>- 18, 1838. Not only this, but all banks which should be started before the Kith of May, 1838, should have the benefit of this j)rovision. Thus was the door opened for the imlefinite issue of paper, of the .solvency of which there could be no possible means of ascertaining. Asa matter of course, scheming adventurers at all point.s availed themselvesofsuch cxtraordiliar}- license. Under tho General Banking law, 10 ])er cent, of subscriptions of stock was to be paid at the time of subscription, and 10 per cent, every six months; 30 per cent, in specie being required before the Bank was started. But this was not done. One recourse for evasion of the law, was the use of so-called "Sjiecie Certificates," as a substitute for coin. These consisted of re- ceipts given by officers of the Bank and by others acknowledging that they had received specie from the Bank. In other cases, specie was borrowed for the sole jiurpose of being counted by the Bank Commissioners. In one ca.se, as ofiicially reporteil, S5,000 in coin thus borrowed was counted three' times and made to answer for $15,000 in three difi'erent Bank vaults. The Farmers' Bank of (Jencsee was started on $35,500 of certificates; the Kxchange Bank of Shiawassee on $27,000 ; the Bank ot La]iecr on $15,000 ; and the Wayne County Bank on $30,000 of the same sort of ca]iital. The loaning of sjiecie and of s])ceie certificates to new Banks, came to he a regular luisincss, and a source of profit. Within one year, 49 diffei-eni Banks were organized in Michigan under the general law. Of these, 40 went into o]H'ralion, being one Bank for each 4,000 inhabitants of the State, with an aggregate capital stock of $3,015,000, or about $22 per capita. Had the law l)een complied with, there would have been an avail- able coin reserve of $1,745,000, for the security of creditors; but there was ]irobal)ly not five ]ier cent, of such annuint. ifany Banks were 492 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. located at points distant and inaccessible, seem- ingly for the purpose of preventing I'eady pre- sentation of tlieir notes. The j-ear 1839 was one of marked fatality with these institntions ; and in December it was officially reported that there remained of the originalbrood but three having charters and one branch, and four of the 40 under the general law. There were then 42 nnder in- junction, prohibiting business by them. At least $1,000,000 of the notes of "these Banks proved worthless, being ehiefly in the hands of the peojile of Michigan, since they had little credit outside that State. To make more com- plete the final collapse, the State Courts, in 1845, declared the general law to be unconsti- tutional. This, of course, discharged all indi- vidual liability of stockholders, on which bill- holders' hope for relief almost whollj^ rested. Another decision (in 1848) held that a Bank Director could not be adjudged liable under the provision of the law declaring such liabilit}-. The ease of the Farmers' Genesee County Bank may be taken as a sample of its class. Upon official examination it was found that there was in the Bank neither specie nor bills of other Banks; no officer in charge of the Bank; no set of books — nothing, save a file of "stock notes," a file of receijits to stockhohlers, and unendorsed notes to the amount of S168,- 053.50. These notes were given bj- dift'erent jjersons — $60,000 by E. II. Jerome, President of the Bank, and payable five years from date; and 152,000 bj' Eufus Brown, Jr., also payable in five j"ears. There was no evidence of any security in real estate having been given, or that any coin was ever in the Bank. In the Exchange Bank of Shiawassee, no books were found giving anj'clueto the transactions of the concern. Five coppers, a counterfeit note of a New York Bank for $5, and a check for $3,000, were found in the vaults. The circulation of the Bank was $25,000. The books of the Jack- .son County Bank at Jackson, were found in- terpolated, erased and kept in pencil ; while the "assets" consisted of boxes filled with nails, glass and iron. The Bank of White Pigeon had found itself so pressed for money, that it commenced the printing of its notes on common paper in the "shinplaster " stjde. These all were among the " Safetj' Fund Banks" of Michigan. The experience of the young State of Michi- gan in connection with her outset in internal improvements — chiefly the Southern and Cen- tral Railroads — well illustrates both her em- barrassments and the general condition at the West, following the financial paralysis dating from 1837. For the purpose of carrying on its improvements, the State borrowed money at liberal interest, and deposited it in the State Bank of Michigan, as the safest known place for keeping. When called for, however, the money was not forthcoming. The Bank, in explanation of its inability to respond to the State's demand in 1839, made report that the mone}' had been loaned to and was then due from, the following named persons : StevensT. Jlixjon, Governor - 8 4,414 .TO .TolmT. Mason, Governor's father 2.311 ~-i Calvin C. Jack.son, Governor's Private Secretary 2,.3'iO S2 Charles W. Whipple, .Tudge — 8,40-4 64 .James B. Hunt, Commissioner 28,003 71 Lewis S. Humphrev, Commissioner II, 70,^ Oi) Horace C. Comstock, Senator 44,090 00 ('onradTen Eyck, U. S. Marshal 5.792 93 Lucius Lvon, Ex-United States Senator 900 00 Daniel Goodwin, U. S. District Attorney 2.000 00 Epaphroditus Ransom I,5i7 84 Uavid C. McKinstry, Commissioner _. 8,82;i 71 John Norton, Jr., Cashier 6,4."6 37 Foster and Gibson, Commissioners 1,643 00 Kinsinf; Prichette, Bank Commissioner l.tj43 00 Justice Burdifk, Ex-Commissioner 6,432 98 ■I'hoimis H. I'liiik, Director $9,440 00 J. Mott Williams, Attornev and Director 3,710 00 AntbonvTen Evck _ 437 95 Frederick H. Stevens 29,850 00 John D. Pierce, Superintendent Public Instruction.. 9,737 00 James Beaubien l.dOO 00 John W. Wilson, Ex-Sheriff. 10,000 00 Bankot Niles 7,387 97 Bank ol Marshall 30,(iOO 00 C. & J. Wells - 8,974 110 Peter Morev. Attornev General ._ ]00 97 John S. Bagg 470 00 Total $245,414 97 The " individual liability "principle in Bank- ing adopted in Indiana, as indicated by the ease of the Bank of Newville, wasdiffcrent from that of Michigan, though not adapted to as general application. In that case, it is credibly (though not officially) reported that the President of the Bank (Ladd Thomas) carried its "specie basis " (a double eagle) securely sewed in the seat of his buckskin pants.* This statement being true, hardly equals that of the Bank in Indiana in 1822, which was said to have issued skins of animals as currency, instead of notes. Thus, a raccoon skin passed for $1.00; an opossum for 50 cents ; minks for 25 cents each ; rabbits at 12i cents, and sciuirrels for 1 cent. At length this, like most other currency, be- came vitiated by counterfeits. Thus, coon tails were attached to 'possum skins, and passed at $1 00, while the tailless coons, without their pedal witness, maintained their true value until the fraud was detected. The following " Specie Basis Bank Note Ta- ble," as published in the Blade of February 18, 1842, shows something of the condition of the currency of the West at that time : OHIO. All banks, except the following V2\ discount Bank of Cincinnati Bank of Steubenville broke Cii'cleville (chartered IHIS) broke (ierman Bank of Wooster Gallipolis broke Lebanon ]M. Banking Company failed Mechanics' and Traders' Bank IT) dis. Bank of Manhattan clased Miami Exporting Company broke Bank of West Union broke Washington Bank broke •Historical address by Hon. A. P. Edgerton, now United States Commissioner of Civil Service. BANKS AND BANKING. 493 Post Notes of State of Ohio 12J to 15 (lis. viduiils or firms of |i;i|ht tor CMrciilalion. The Bank of Granville failo.l i.onspquonco was, liiat ovory flopartnirnt of Urbana Bankinf: Company fi.) i is. , i * i • J ec .■ o,i t ', ^ -^ traiU^ involvnii^ tho use of fractions of tlio dol- ii.Lixois. lar, was most seriously afl'ecteii. Tiio only State Hank an,l Branches 35 ,1is •"=*'"■'='' '•^■S"'-^ ^as to tlio use of Govoniment Bank (if Illinois 35 dis. rii'' L'-J ,lis. tratinir th(:' adapfabiiil v of mankind to eoiuii- Indiana State Scriii, loO _. 31.' tlis. .• '^ ,i • , i •' i i rn . , tions a]i|tareiilly inloiei-able. Jo some e.xlent, iMiciiiGAN. tlu' trouble was relieved by pasting stanips on Bank (if l\iver Raisin ' lL'.S dis. pajier rvjazed on one side. The situation of Bank of St. Clair ]2i dis. tiiat time, is illustrated b}- the case of a lady Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank 20 dis. who received as chaiigo for a .?1.(KI bill, a ferrV Michigan Insurance Company ._ IL'J dis. ijekel, a counterfeit peiinv, a car ticket, a milk A I other Banks in the State various rates , • i. , .. u. t \ ,..• i I'-ii „ u i .■ i i ticket, a butchers due bill, a bread tickel, a K.xcuAXGE (selling). 3-ceiit aud u 1-cent jiosta.n'o staiup, aiid an ice- ,,,.,.,. „ ^ cream ticket. No aderiuato relief for this coii- On ^c^v \ork, premium 2 percent. i-,- 4-\ r^ • ..i • • r On Buffalo _.!.I _ M iier cent dition came until Congress, in the provi.sion of (lilbarfs "History of Bankino- in Ireland," Hardin the5-eent nickel, furnished a sub.slitute furnishes in the cas(^' of a Bank at Killarney, a ^o'" subsidiary coin, which answered well until samnleofBankin^;, which shows that the i..rt ^''^ return ot Silver upon the resumption of in vogue at the West half a century since, was '^P^cie payment m 1870. Duringthe more severe not the first of its kind. A bill-holder, with periods preceding the relief named, resort was companions, called on the Killarney Banker, sometimes had to the old plan of " Shmpla.sters," who also was a Saddler, when the following in- ^""^ w'*'' ''"1^ success, E.v:pcrienco gained m terview took place- former emergencies, was an eircclual protest against such recourse. "Good morning to you, sir," .said the caller, " 1 presume vou are the gentleman of the house." "At u Aw-L-Tiv-n tw Trvr T?r>r\ your service, ladies and gentlemen," returned the iiAJNJs.tJNL.lJN iOt^bUO. Saddler. " It is here, I understand, that tbe Bank is mi /• t> i ■ i • i i- • kept," continued the gentleman. "You are just 1 be first Bank within the present limits of right, sir." replied the mechanic, "this is the Killar- Toledo, was the Bank of Manhattan. As al- ney Bank, for want of abetter." " We have a few of ready stated, its charter was granted by the yournotes, which will be of no manner of n.se to us Michigan State Legislature, and bore date of elisewtiere, and ill tnanlc vou tor cash lor them. .,r i ..r ic),- ni'i i i • t c ,\ , " Cash, plasevonr honor, and what is that? Is it any- March 25, 1&,%. Ihe legal existence of that thing in the le'ather line ? I have a beautiful saddle institution was called m question in a suit here as iver was jiut across a horse, good, and cheap, brought by the Bank to collect an indebtedness uponmysavso. How much of my notes have you, sir, claimed of the late James Myers, of Toledo. if you plase?" Upon making computation the gentle- rpi,e case was taken to the OhioSuiiremcCourt, man tound he had lb notes, running from Al. to oS. , • Tor.i -i j -j i 4i * ji u i 9id. each, amounting to 15s. 9d. " There, sir, are no ^''^i-e. Hi 1852, it was decided that the Bank le"ss than l(i of your promises to pay, for the amazing never had a legal existence, and was not au- sum of fifteen shillings and nine pence, Sterling thorized to do business, for the reason that its money." " I shonid be sorry, most noble sir," said charter was obtained in lS3(i, from a body the Banker "to waste any more oi your Lordshii.'s ^.■lllin2• itself "the Legislature of the State of time, or ot those swate, beautiful ladies and gintlenien, «« • i ■ i. i iU ... „ „„ iit!«„(„ „r but I have an illegant bridle here, as isn't to be 5'^'^'^'''" j, ^'^eyeas, tbeio was no "State of matched in Yooiup, Aishy, Afriky nor 'Meriky. Its Michigan until .January, lb3<. Juirthermore, lowest price is fifteen shi'llings sixpence ha'penny; it was held, "that Manhattan never was under we'll say fifteen shillings sixpence to your Lordship. the jurisdiction of Michigan ; and that sccuri- If ye'U be pleas(?d to accept it, there'll be a tuppence tj^, „■^y^^J^ t^ ^n uinui thorized bank aro void." ha penny, or a thripiiennv note coming to your Lord- mi ^i i ■ ■ „t \ a„ ivt.,,.. „ „„< ship, and that will close the business at once." Thus tl..^. claim against Judge Myers was not collectible. Not least of the troubles arising from the A statement of the condition of the Manhal- AVar of the Eebellion, and the attendant fiiian- tan Bank, June 30,1840, showed its totals to cial disturbance, was that caused by lack of have been $122,052.71. Of its assets, $00,824 change in trade. Coin very soon passed from consisted of bills discounted ; $18,500 special circulation, and as the Banks issued nothing loans on interest; judgments, $5,42(i. Of lia- less than one dollar notes, the demand for bilitics, cajiital stock paid in, $50,000; circula- fractional currency came to be of very sci'ious tion, $57,381 ; interest, $951.41; deposits, $13,- concei-n. The law forbade the issue by indi- 034. W. A. Chamberlain was then the Cashier. 494 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. In October, 1830, Henry D. Ward resigned liis position :is Cashier of this BunU, when Foster M. Foilett was a|>pointO(l. Botli were from Sandiisl,tm 15,943 (B.ron 7.5.3.'>0 H9,727 ni,B2.5 aij.w 3(i,487 nr.'j!) 193.50 In October, 1845, Chas. R. Miller & Co., Ex- change Brokers, opened an office in Toledo, which was in operation some years. Mr. Miller suh.sequcntly, with James Myer.s as partner, started and for some time edited the Commer- cial Itepxihlican (since known as the Toledo Commercial). In December, 1846, Kraus & Co., Money Brokers, opened an office at the corner of Sum- mit and Monroe streets. From there thej^ re- moved to the corner of Summit and JeflTerson, and into a building built by them. Subse- quently Mr. Kraus, with Wm. H. Smith, suc- ceeded Wm. G. Powers & Co., as owners of the City Bank, of which Geo, C. Hertzler for some time was Cashier. The firm of Kraus & Smith continued in business until the fall of 1873, when financial embarrassment caused its sus- pension, with an iinlebtedness of about 11,000,- 000, due largely to small de])ositors, including many Germans of Mr. Kraus's nationality. No similar financial disaster in Toledo has caused like distress. The percentage of avail- able assets proved to be comparatively small. The Banks and Bankers of Toledo in Sep- tember, 1854, consisted of the Commercial Bank of Toledo, Bliss & Hubbard, A. Parker, and the City Bank ((ico. ('. Hertzler, Cashier). At a meeting of representatives of these, Sep- tember 20th, it was resolved to receive on de- posit at ])ar only the following Bank notes, \\7..: Detroit, Chicago, AVheoling (payable at AVheeling), notes at par in Pittsburg, notes of New York State, New England and New Jersey, and $10 and upwards of Pennsylvania, Virginia, Indiana and Kentucky. Other for- eign currency jJi'cviously received, would be taken at 1 per cent, discount. In December, 1855, Beriy & Day (L. G. Berry and M. W. Day), from Adrian, opened the Mechanics' Bank in Toledo, which con- tinued in business for several years. FIRST NATIONAL BANK. In 1851, John Poag and Valentine II. Ketcham commenced a Banking business in Toledo under the firm name of Poag it Ketcham. The following year the firm became V. H. Ketcham & Co., and in 1800, Ketcham, Berdan & Co. The latter firm continued in business until it was practically merged into the First National Bank, September 1, 1803. That was the first institution of the kind in Toledo, and among the earliest in the ITnited States. The Directors chosen were V. H. Ketcham, John Berdan, S. S. Hubbard, Joseph K. Secor, I;3'man AVheeler, Theodore B. Casey and Horace Holcomb. The followint; otficers were chosen: President, V. H. Ketcham; Vice President, J. K. Secor; Ca.shicr, John Berdan. September 6. 1865, John Berdan having re- signed, S. S. Hubbard was appointed Cashier. The latter served in that cajiacity until March 5, 1878, a period of 13 years. He was with the Banking House of Ketcham, Berdan it Co. trom 1856 until the organization of the First National Bank, in which he was Teller until his appointment as Cashier, in which ]K)sition he was succeeded by Joseph M. Spencer, who continued in that capacity until he resigned, January 3, 1882, when Spencer D. Carr was appointed. Ho served until his resignation, October 1, 1887, when Mr. Spencer was re- elected to that position. January 0, 1866, Horace Holcomb succeeded Mr. Secor as Vice BANKS AND BANKING. 495 President, and continued as siuh until January 1, 1808, at wliicli time Mars Ncarinfj was elected. Mr. Ketcham held the office of Presi- dent from the organization of tlie ]5aidv until liis death, in July, 1887. In Scptenihcr fiil- lowing Mr. Nearinij waselccted to that ]iosition. The otiicera of the Bank in October, 1S87, were as follows: President, Mars Nearing; Vice President, Sheldon C. Reynolds ; Cashier, Jose])h M. Spencer; Assistant Cashier, V. II. Ketcham Jr. Directors, M. NcarinA..ciyz) X^-crCt iSS Lf. _ (fa iyea-Lo crCo BAXKS AXD BANKING. 497 NORTHWESTERN SAVINGS BANK. December 14, 1868, the Nortlnvostorn Savings Depository was organized by H. S. Walbridge, Jxichard Molt, James M. Comstock, Valentino Braun, E. II. V'^an Hoesen and A. E. ^laromhor. Mr. AVaibridge was the President, and Mr. Van Jtloesen tbe Secretary and Treasure)'. This institution continued until Januaiy, 1875, when it was changed to the Northwestern Savings Bank, with H. S. AValbridge, liichai-d Mott, Ileman D. "Walbridge, Conrad Hubei'ich, A. E. Macomber and Yj. II. Van Hoescn as Directors; Mr. "Walbridge as President, and Mr. Van Hoesen as Treasurer. In 1877 the Bank was merged into the Toledo Savings Bank and Trust Company. KETCHAM NATIONAL BANK. In 1885, John B. Ketcham 2d established a private Banking House in Toledo, which was eontinued until January 1, 1888, when it was merged into the Ketcham National Bank, then organized, with a capital stock of ?250,- 000. It commenced business at the Southeast corner of Madison and St. Clair Streets. The members of the Board of Directors were: G. G. Hadiev, J. B. Ketcham 2d, J. H. Dovle, 1. N. Reed, 'John Berdan, I. N. Pee, E. "W. Tolerton, E. C. Shaw, W. O. Parker, E. L. Barber, and Philip Schmidt; with the follow- ing officers: President, J. B. Ketcham 2d; Cashier, S. II. AVaring; Assistant Cashier, Elbert D. Eoss. BANKING HOUSE OF SPITZER & CO. In 1881, C. M. Spitzcr, L. AVcidman and J. W. AVeidman, under the firm name of Spitzer, Weidman & Co., established at Toledo a business for general Banking and dealing in Municipal bonds. In 1882, the Messrs. Weidman retired, and were succeeded by A. L. Spitzer, the firm becoming Spitzer & Co., as it now continues. Its place of business is in Chamber of Commerce building. Southwest corner of Summit and Madison Streets. KEELER, HOLCOMB & COMPANY. May 1, 1871, Salmon H. Keeler, Horace Holconib and Elijah II. Norton, all of Toledo, under the firm name of Keeler, Holcomb & Co., opened a Banking House at the corner of St. Clair and Monroe Streets, for the transaction of business common to such establishments. In September, 1886, Mr. Norton died. The house has since been continued by the other partners under the name of the original tirm. RICHARD MOTT was born on a fiirm in Mamaroncck, "Westchester County, New York, July 21, 1804. He is of Quaker parentage, his ancestors on both sides havingbeen among the early American converts of George Fox, and thcii- descendants have loyally accepted and adhered to the same lailli. II is father owned a flouring ti(ing Island Sound, and was ruined finaniially by the effects of Presi- dent .U'ffer.son's " Embargo " ]>ol icy, from which the foreign commerce of the country sullcred very much. Kichard attended a Quakt'r board- ing school, where members of the Society only were admitted, from his seventh to his tenth year, when he was set at work on the farm, plowing with a double team when but 11 vcars old. In 1815 the family I'cinoved to New York City, where lie was again at School for a time, without a holiday to break the uniloiMuit}' of his course of study. At the age of 14 he was placed, and died at about same age. Oliver was Clerk of the Meeting when but III years of age, the Meeting-House being on his father's farm. His parents were married September 23, 1880, and now in the 58th year of their wedded life, and in the enjo3'ment of fair health and vigor, are living by themselves, enjoying all of life's comforts in the old homestead built on the ground where Oliver was born. Of six chil- dren born to them, there has been no death. An uncle, Nathan Bond, in Jul}', 1887, cele- brated his 67th Tiiarriage anniversary, having been married in 1820. An aunt, Ruth Nichol- son, celebrated her golden wedding two j'ears ago ; and an uncle, John A. Locke, his mother's brother, celebrated his last j'car ; tliey all living on neighboring farms. The Bond family have occupied the old homestead for nearl}' 100 years. The Bonds and Commons came fi-oni England and Scotland, and settled in Virginia, near Har- per's Ferry ; the Lockcs and Mills, on his mother's side, also f'l-om England, at a ver\' early date, settled in Maryland, near Baltimore. Jesse Bond moved West about 1800, being the first white famil}' to cro.ss the Whit<> Water IJiver, at Richmond, for .settlement. Oliver's childhood, and his youth until 10 years of age, 504 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. were spent on the flirm. He attended District Schools dui'ine; a. portion of tlie VV^inter seasons, which, with two terms ut White Water College, ci.n.stitutcil his School privileges. His mind was much absorbed in his educational pursuits —so much so, that he sometimes took his lesson- book to the field, that, by studying whileothers rested, he mi<;ht the more fully keep up with his studies. At the age stated (in 1850) he left home and went to Peru, Indiana, where he found employment as Clerk in the store of Smith & Crowell, who then had the trade of the Miami tribe of Indians, then somewhat numer- ous in that vicinity. With these he held si)ecially friendly relations, and many incidents might be given of his experience and observa- tion in connection with them. In 1854 he went to New York City, spending two years with a Wholesale Dry Goods and Notions Store, trav- eling throughout the West, making collections and soliciti"ng trade. Coming to Toledo in 1856, he found employment with the firm of Bell, Deveau & Co., as Salesman and Collector. He remained with that house and its succes- sors for two 3-ears, and on July 15, 1858, with Wm. B. Messinger(firm Messinger & Bond) opened the first exclusively Wholesale Boot and Shoe establishment in Toledo. Continuing in the trade for 12 j- ears, he retired, being suc- ceeded hj what is now the house of Dewey, Rodgers & Co. He then had been for several years a Director in the Northern National Bank, and to provide for the temporary absence of President Shoemaker in California, in 1871, he was elected Vice President, and became Acting l^resident of the Bank. While connected with that Bank, he conceived the plan of establishing in Toledo a Savings Bank for the exclusive use of savings ; and the more fully to mature the same, he spent many months in critical investigation of the principles and methods of sucli institutions in New England. AVhile East, his arrangements for such enter- prise were so far advanced that most of the requisite capital stock was taken there, by his personal friends and relatives. He- turning to Toledo, the organization of the Mer- chants' and Clerks' Savings Institution was completed Februaiy 10, 1871, with jMatthew Shoemaker as President, and Mr. Bond as Secretary and Treasurer. The latter held that position for over 17 j'cars, during which period the institution enjoyed uninterruj^ted pros])erity under his management, meeting in full the expectations of its stockholders and possessing the entire confidence of depositors and the public. At the last annual election, held January 3, 1888, Mr. Bond was chosen President, and E. Louis Schomburg Treasurer. Naturally of a conservative turn of mind, that quality has been specially controlling in Mr. Bond's business Hie, whereby he has been able largely to guard his own interests and those of others committed to his charge, from the perils of rash and inconsiderate ventures under alluring conditions. During his business life he has taken vacations from time to time for the purpose of recreation, visiting the South three times, and making trips to California, the North and the East, beside a visit to Great Bi-itain and France. He owns a farm near Toledo, where he iinds much pleasure and rec- reation. Since first leaving home, it has been his invariable practice, to make annual visits to his parents, which occasions have been marked by special interest and mutual profit, and attended by large numbers of family con- nections and other Iriends. Mr. Bond has been liabituall}' an extensive reader of current litera- ture, of which he has always had large supply. For 25 years he has lived in the house on Supe- rior Street, bought and furnished.by him before his marriage, and has occupied the same busi- ness building, 78 Summit Street (owned by him), for 30 years. He has been identified in different wajs with the welfare of his fellow-citizens. He is a life-member of several charitable and benevolent institutions ; is Vice President of the Toledo Humane Society ; and for many years was a Trustee of the Toledo Library As- sociation, before it was merged into the Public Library. His interest in religious work has been shown in habitual attendance on public services and in contributions for support of religious work. Mr. Bond was married in New York City, December 23, 1863, with Miss Clara A. Ray- mond, only daughter of Hon. John Raymond. They have had six children, of whom four are now living. Henry, the eldest son, while com- pleting his education in England, was married with Miss Carrie Dalton, an Artist of note, the}' now residing at Los Angeles, California. The two daughters, Eva and Mabel, and the j'ounger son, Walter, are with their parents in Toledo. The living children are all members of Trinity Church, as also is Mrs. Bond, who has been actively and usefully identified with the work of Trinitj' Church, as with benevolent enter- prises of different kinds, contributing liberally in labors and means, as opportunity' ott'ered, to the comfort and relief of others. REED VINCENT BOICE was born March 21,181)2, at Pipe Creek, Tioga County, New York. He is a son of John P. and Roxy (Williams) Boice, the hitter's home previous to marriage having been at Albion, New York. The family removed to Oak Orchard Creek, Orleans County, where the mother died in 1837. The following year the son came to Ohio with an uncle, who settled on a tarm near A'enice, now in Erie County. There and in the vicinity Reed remained for eight years, living about, as fortune favored, until he was nine years of age, when he began his life of self-support in the family of a neighbor, with whom he remained until he came to his father at Toledo, in March, Sniffy jxnuiyijtT: /^ r2/ /^^^-^^^ BANKS AND BANKING. rmn 1846, making the trip of about 45 miles on foot. His fother was a contractor and a mason bv trade (the latter then includini; stone and briclv-worlc and plasterino-), and had been in Toledo several 3-ears. He built .several of the first brick buildings here, inclutling the dwel- \m\xs now occupied b}' Rev. Wm. W. Williams (424 Superior Street), and General C. B. Phil- lips (495 Summit Street), and what came to be known astlie Collins House, Northwest corner of Jefferson and St. Clair Sti'eets, now the site of the Hall Block. The sou at once began work with his father, and continued the same until his majorit}-. He then commenced business on his own account, as Builder and Contractor. In 1854 he opened a Grocery and Provision Store in East Toledo, then a separate Town and known as Utah, meantime pursuing the business of building. In 1860 he sold his store to James Raymer. In December, ISGl, the Rebellion having broken out, he volun- teered for .service in the Union Army, and was mustered in as Hospital Steward of the Third Ohio Cavalry. Serving as such until Novem- ber 30, 1864, he was then promoted as First Lieutenant, and detailed, first as Regimental, and subsequentl}- as Brigade Commi.ssary. In such capacities he served, to the full acceptance of commanding officers, until mustered out, August 14, 1865, at the close of the war, mean- time having been promoted to the rank of Ca2>tain. Throughout nearly four years of service he was active, earnest and efficient in the important department to which he was assigned, his methods in some respects differ- ing from others known to the service. He never dealt in Soldiers' rations; but in cases of accumulation from non-use, his practice was to divide the surplus among the Soldiers to whom, by right, they belonged. At the close of the War Captain Boice found that the support of his family and jiecuniary liability for others had pretty much exhausted his financial moans, when ho returned to his trade as a mason, and was soon measurably successful. In 1880 he became interested financially in manufactui-ing enterprises which proved to be unfoi-tunate in results, causing material loss to investors. It is quite safe to state, that Mr. Boice lias been identified, as full or partial builder, with more substantial brick buildings and other struc- tures in Toledo than has any other man. Among these are the Boody House, the Hall Block, First Congregational Church edifice, the Drummond Block, the Burnett House, Eaton's Store (165-171 Summit Street), Mer- chants National Bank, Store 132-134 Summit Street, Trinity Church edifice (corner Adams and St. Clair Streets), the Water Works Stand Pipe, St. Joseph's Church edifice, residences of P. F. Berdan, A. B. Waite, Wager Swayne, and others; the Blade Printing and Paper Company building; the First, Fifth, Seventh and Eighth Wards School buildings, and the Fifth, Seventh, and Eighth Wards FireEngiue houses — each of which structures bear sub- stantial testimony to both his skill and his fidelity. In January, 1883, the Directors of the Merchants National Bank elected him as President of that institution, which jjosition he has since held, to the special acceptance of the .stockholders and customers. His standing among his fellow-citizens and where an active life of over 40 years has been passed, is that of an industrious, enterprising and honorable man, with an active interest in whatever con- cerns the well-being of others. Mr. Boice was married October 31, 1852, with Miss Lois A. Smith, in Groton, Erie County. They have four children — Frederick, John R., Warren, and Emma L., wife of Dr. Harry W. Hartvvell — all residents of Toledo. CHAPTER XIX. REAL ESTATE SALES AND IMPROVEMENTS. IT would be impractable, in the limited space allowed by this volume, to follow wilb any- tliing like full notes the advance of Toledo in growth, development and improvement. Hence, the best to be done in that direction will be to make such way marks of these as shall indicate the progress made at different periods. In an article on " Toledo," the Blade of Feb- ruary 0, 18-lG, had the following items: There were then occupied 12 warehouses, 2 and 3 stories high, with two more being built— .some of those in use paying as high as .fl.'iOO rent. For nearly a mile Water Street formed a quay along the harbor, wliere wareliouses could be built with no expense but driving piles for foundation.s and the buildings thereon. Summit Street was graded for nearly a mile ready for paving. Back of that was St. Clair Street, then being graded for residences. Plank Walks had then been built on that Street. Five commodious t'hurch edifices had been built for the Congregational, Episcopal, Catholic, Methodist and German Reformed Societies. There were Schools in the three Districts, a Female Institute under Catholic Nuns, a Female Select School taught by a Protestant lady (Miss Jenks), and a Select School for both sexes under an experienced teacher. The year 1846 was an important period in the histoiy of Toledo. Three years after the opening of' the Wabash Canal, one year after that of the Miami Canal, the stimulating effects of those improvements had then fairly begun to be felt. These, however, would have been more material in their influence, but for the fact that their advantages had been for ten years liberally discounted in speculation. In fact, during the most of that period, there had been little beyond the prospective Canals to save the Town from the fate which so many of its rivals finally reached. On that dependence largely rested the hopes of the residents, who so long held on hoping — sometimes almost against hope — that, the Canals once completed, Toledo would enter on a new and more vigorous state. Such expectation was largely justified in the result, though in no degree to . meet the wishes or the needs of many. The trade from the Canals, not large at first, in- creased in volume and local benefits, and soon gave assurance of permanent prosperity. Among the evidences of increased and in- creasing growth was the advance then made by the publishers of the Blade (Scott & Fair- banks), in adding to their Weekly edition the Tri-Weekly Blade — the first newspaper in Ohio outside Cincinnati, Cleveland and Columbus, issued oftener than once a week. It was dated Mayl6, 184C, and contained an editoriTil ailicle setting forth facts in regard to Toledo's condi- tion and prospects from which tlie following is taken ; At this point, nearly all the exchange commerce between Lake lOrie and the two Canals— known as the Wabash and Erie and the Miami and Erie— is transacted. These Canals stretch through nearly 500 miles of the finest section of this great Valley, and bring us into intimate conmiercial connection with many large Towns and an extensive country. Some of this — as the Miami country — is well im- proved ; but most of it is in a stale of rapiil progres- sion from a wilderness to general cultivation. On the Southeast side of the Mauniee the land is heavily timbered and exceedingly rich. On the Northwest is a pleasing variety of openings, prairies and timber lands, possessing every variety of soil. These lands that are not in the hanlls of culti- vators are on sale at prices varying fi'om ifl .00 to ijiri.OO per acre. Farms partially improvcMl :iic purchasable at a low rate, compared with their intrin.sic value. The site of Toledo, immediately on the harbor, is fine, having a convenient elevation of from 8 to 30 feet above higli water. The plat is coiisiderably uneven, so that when properly graded it will have an agreeable undulation, allowing a rapid movement of surplus water along the Streets. The Harbor is more than half a mile wide and several miles long, atlbrding a depth of from 12 to 30 feet. Our population is small compared to our busi- ness, ancl our unrivaled means to support a future growth. On the 1st of January it was but a fraction over 2,100. The facilities provided for the transaction of com- mercial and manufacturing business are considerable. There are 14 Warehou.ses, .some of them very large ; 3 Flouring Mills, of 4 runs each, in and around the City; 2 Banks, with capital of |100,000 each; public liouses and storehouses in abundance ; a line of superb Packets on the Miami and Erie Canal, one of which leaves Toledo and Cincinnati every day and goes through in 60 hours ; a tri-weekly line of good Packets on the Wabash and Erie Canal ; a daily line of Steamboats, connecting us with Buffalo ; and a good supply of Canal Boats on both Canals for the transportation of freights. Also, a daily line of Steamers connecting us with Detroit. We have fine Churches and a good supply of Schools of every grade. Measures are now in progress to remove all local causes of disease, so that the liability of our place to severe bilious disorders, so much exaggerated by common fame, aided by envious rivals, will be num- bered with things of the past. Our I'apid progress towards the accomplishment of our early expecta- tions of Toledo becoming a great commercial City, we believe cannot be much longer delayed. A few years will suffice to give confidence in its saluljrity and to demonstrate its extraordinary advantages for business. At that time the principal Canal traffic with Cincinnati was by the Doyle & Dickey Line of [505] 5(U', HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Packots, which advertised to make daily trips, "Throuijh in (iO Hours!" " Travelers going South, or tliosiC from the South wishing to visit Niagara Falls, on their way to Now York, Boston or an}- of the Eastern Cities," were assured that they would find this route cheaper and quicker than any other route traveled hetwoen the Lakes and Cincinnati." The fol- lowing Packets composed the line; The Em- pire, Cajitain E. M. Shafer; the Fashion, Cap- tain M. Van Horn; the Banner, Captain James Savil ; the Erie, Captain Joseph Gilmore; the Clarion, Captain J. R. Smith, and the Laurel, Ca])tain Joseph Cathcart. These were " pro- vided with ventilators in their decks," while " the Ladies' Saloons were furnished with sofas equal and not excelled by any Packets in the United States." Tolelo made substantial advance in the year 1847, wlien its population increased, as esti- mated, from 2,300 to 3,000. There had been erected 78 buildings, including many for busi- ness purposes. At that time, among the several branches of trade and professions, there were 11 Retail Dry Goods Stores, 2 Jobbing Houses, 22 dealers in groceries, provisions, &c., 3 Drug Stores, 9 Forwarding and Commission Houses, 7 Physicians, 17 Lawyers, 3 Breweries, 5 Shi})- yards, 1 Printing Office, 2 Saloons, 2 Banks, 13 Insurance OflSces, 2 Liquor Stores, 9 Hotels, 4 District School Houses, 1 Female Seminar}', 5 Churches, 1 Nunnery, 1 Odd Fellows and 1 Masonic Lodge, 1 Division Sons of Temper- ance and about 200 Joiners and Carpenters. The large Grain Warehouse and Steam Grain Elevators of Brownlee, Pendleton &Co. (South- east corner Water and Madison streets) were erected, being the first improvement of the kind at the West end of Lake Erie. That firm paid the old United States Bank $22,000 for 80 feet on the Eiver and Water Street, and expended $18,000 on the building. It held 200,000 bushels of grain, with space in base- ment for 4,500 barrels. The work was done under superintendence of Horace Saxton, formerly of Norwalk, Ohio. The property was sold to King Bros. (C. A. & F. J. King) in 1854. In 1869 C. A. King erected the present eleva- tors on the same site. The coi-responding 80 feet on Summit and Madison was purchased of the same Bank by John Poag, who in 1847 built the block now standing thereon. He paid $1,800 for the site, or $22.50 per foot front. It is now worth $1,000 per foot. An article in the Toledo Republican of No- vember 24, 1849, headed, "What Toledo Wants," indicates both the situation and the expectations of that time as to the future of the City. The " wants " stated, were : 1. The system of Plank Roads, then betjun, fuliv carried out. 2. The Wabash Canal opened to Evans- viUe. 3. The Raih-oad opened through to Chicago. 4. A first-class line of Steamers to BuflFalo. 5. The completion of the system of Sewerage then com- menced. The present condition and resources of To- ledo were thus stated : 1. Canal completed within 18 months, 710 miles. 2. Railroad to Chicago to be completed within 18 months, 250 miles. Plank Roads in process of con- struction, including connection with the Western Reserve and Maumee Uoad, all to lie completed in IS months, 250 miles. 4. The thoroughfares already completed hail made Toledo " the first exporting point on the Lakes." The year 1852 was noted for an unusual number of valuable improvements in the way of business buildings erected in Toledo. Among these were the following: By Wm. R. Morris— Brick block 80x120, 4 stories, Southeast corner Summit and Jefferson— cost, $16,000. Thomas Daniels— Brick store corner Cherry and Summit, |3,000. J. F. Schucrman — Brick store nest to Daniels, $::i,000. Latimer, Andrews & Co.— Brick block for Blade Office, 150 Summit Street. 4 stories, $0,000. Matthew Johnson— Banking building, 4 stories, 154 Summit Street (now Toledo National Bank), $9,000. C. B. Phillijis- Brick block, 2 stores, 3 stories, 158-100 Summit Street, $8,000. Judge Miller, of Mt. Vernon — Brick building, 3 stories, 102 Sum- mit, $3,000. J. C. Hall— Brick block, 3 stores, 4 stories, 50x75, 47-51 Summit Street, $6,000. A. B. Waite— Brick block corner St. Clair and Monroe. 3 .stories, $4,000. Beside these were some 30 business build- ings of wood, costing $30,000, while $30,000 was expended in the erection of dwellinirs, a total of about §130,000. The lot 1(52 Summit was bought of C. B. Phillips, by Judge Miller, at $100 per foot front cash, which was consid- ered a fair price. The 5/rtrfe pronounced that year " the most prosperous Toledo had seen," and predicted that b}' 1860 its population would be 25,000. The census of that year made the number 13,768 — not the only case of overestimate of prospective population. Under the heading, " Improvements on the Point," the Blade in September, 1853, stated that, "busy as our little City is, there is no part of it which just now exhibits more evi- dence of permanent prosperity than does the Point." The locality thus referi-ed to was that of which the Oliver House subsequentlj' be- came the center. At the time named, Mr. Friend Whittlesey was erecting a fine two-story dwelling, while several other dwellings had been constructed the previous year. Joel W. Kelsey had commenced cutting down the blutf bank of Swan Creek ; while the Michigan Soutiiern Railroad Company was removing the bank to the West, to make way for its tracks to the new depot then in procees of construction on the Middle Ground, the exca- vated earth being taken to fill up the low level. The Railway bridge across the River was then being constructed, passengers and freight therefore having always been ferried between REAL ESTATE SALES AND IMPROVEMENTS. 507 the Michigan Southern Depot, Water Street, between Adams and Oak, and the Cleveland and Toledo Road Depot opposite foot of Jeffer- son Street. The change since wrought in " the Point" and throughout what is now tiie Fifth Ward, could not have been anticipated Ijj- the most hopeful imagination in 1853. In June, 1858, the following sales of Toledo real estate were made at puljlic auction, to wit: Lot 155, Port Lawrence Division, St. Clair Street. near Mailison, sold to R. H. Bell at $;i9 i)erfi)ot front. Lot oOl, 120 feet deep and 03 front, on Erie street, East Side, and North of Monroe to C. H. Coy, at $14 per foot. Lot 591, 100 feet square, corner of Monroe and Eleventh Streets, to T. C. Stewart, at $13.50 per foot. Lot (i()5, lOOxOo feet, corner Forrer and Eleventh, with front on Railroad Street, to W. M. Riley, for $240. Lot 714, on Fourteenth, between Washington and Monroe Streets, 100x100 feet, to V. H. Ketcham, at $().75 per foot front. Lot 830, on Indiana Avenue, 200 feet square, to W. W. Grittith, for $700. Two lots of land of nine and sixty-seven one- hundredth acres each — one just beyond the intersec- tion of Indiana Avenue and the Plank Road, at $250 per acre, to Fred. H. Brown ; the other, just bevond, to W. W. Griffith, at $145 per acre. Sales of Port Lawrence property by order of Court were made in April, 1861, as follows: To H. S. Walbridge, riparian rights in River Tracts 1 and 2, for $1,000. Lot 484, to James Myers, for $3,225. Lot 35, except 20 feet, to W. J. Daniels, for $1,805 ; South half of lot 109, to same for $1,805 ; and North half of same lot for $4,805. Southwest half of Northwest half of lot 110, to Fred. Bissell, for $000 ; Northeast half of Northwest half of same, to W. J. Daniels, for $1,705 ; Northeast half of Southeast half of same, to W. J. Daniels, for f 1,075 ; and Southwest half of Southeast half of same, to Fred. Bissell, for $600. Southwest half of Northwest half of lot 111, to John W. Fuller, at $545 ; Northeast half of Northwest half of same, to C. H. Coy, for $1,070 ; Northea.st half of same, to W. J. Daniels, for $1,650; and Southwest half of Southeast half of same, to J. W. Fuller, for $545. Northeast half of lot 119, to Fred. Bissell, for $2,575 ; and Southwest half of same to same, for $2,500. November 20, 1801, W. J. Daniels sold to Ex-Gov. W. Hunt, of Lockport, N. Y., three-eighths interest in 54.1 acres in subdivision 12 of tract G, lying be- tween Broadway and the River and fronting on Western Auenue ; the price was $20,000, being at the rate of about $1,000 per acre. In October, 1862, the following sales of Toledo property were made : To C. A. and F. J. King, 40 feet on Summit Street, Northeast corner with Madison, for $325 per foot. To. S. M. Young, 80 feet on Summit Street, Nos. , between Madison and Jefferson, North Side, for $250 per foot. To M. C. Worts, 34 feet on Summit, Northeast corner of Oak, at 150 per foot. To Vincent Hamilton, 35 feet on South side Water Street, between Madison and Adams, for $80 ])er foot. April, 1863, sales were made as follows: Southwest half lot 588, Port Lawrence, $600 ; lots 453, 454, Vistula, $1,000; lots 4.55, 4.5(;, Vistula, $2,000; lots 049. (1,50, 051, 0.52, Vistula $:!,.".(iO; l,,t 49:!, VLslula, $000; North half lot s:;, Vistida, $125; lot ;iS9, Vi.stula, $2,200; lot 2:!8, Port Lawi. ■nee, $S40 ; lots 3S1-:187, inclusive, $5,000; lots l.SL'-|,S7, inclusive, and 201-200, inclusive, Williams' Addition, $27:1; 20 feet lot 444 and 40 feet 445, Port Lawrence, $1,200; lot 70, Hill's Addition, $.500. Same time— J. P. Kilbreth, sold to E. I!. Wurd, Detroit, 8,177 acres in Oregon Township, near mouth of Crane Creek, for $14,990, or $1.8:! pi^r acre, II. D. Cornwell to E. B, Ward, :!20 acres, East half Section 7, Town 10 South, Range 10 East, $1,920. In January, 1803, C^ A. King purchased 15.', acres on Dorr Street, East of Ketcham's Addition, for $270 per acre. The brick block (40 feet) on Summit Street, near Adams, known as the '-Scribncr Block," .sold at that time for $7,000 ; and the Hanks building, 60 Cherry Street, to J. W. Scott, for $7,500. In February, 1863, Washington Hunt and Hiram Walbridge purchased 600 feet River front, commcur- ing at the South line of the projierty then ormpieil by Hall, Smith & Co., lumber dealers. The price paid was $36,000, or $60 per foot. The West end of Cherry Street Bridge is on this ]iroperty. Public in Oliver Toledo, paid wer Oliver', $177 ; 707, 508, $123 $:360; 453, .$01 ; 529, tion— Lot $i:;o ; So, $146 ; 38, 6, $145; : $125; l:^,, $120; 30, $225 ; .55, .$531 ; 67, sale was made .Tu ne 18C3, of lots 's and Hall and Morris's Additions to Among the parcels sold and prices e the following: s Addition— Lot 48, $:»5 ; 012, $365; .343, , $170; 019, $140; 668, $104; 057, .$116; ; 559, $195; 245, $100 ; 024, $1.50; 4:!3, $195; 548, $203; 518, $60; ,525, $67; .527, $95; .531, $100. Hall ami Morri.s's Addi- 31, $1.50; 1, .$59; 2, $111; 57, $77; .34, $125; 32, $145; 33, .$2:30; 36, $135; ,37, $144; 39, $140 ; 40, $125 ; 4, .$31 ; 5, $200 ; ', $151; 8, $1:37; 9, $131; 12, $140; 51, $120; 1.5, $128; 27, $142; 41, $120; 4.5, $2.33; 46, $1.55; 18, $200; 50, $121 ; 17, $1.39; .58, $130; 62, $125; 64, $180; 2:34, $82; 79, $200. The foregoing sales averaged 33 per cent, above the appraisal of the property. The .sti m- ulus incident to the rapid increase of currency caused by heavy war expenditures which were then met chiefly by the issue of Government notes, had then fairly begun to take effect. The results were seen, not only in appreciated values as shown by sales, but even more in the large amounts of lands then Ijeing platted for market. On nearly every road leading to the City, property was being thus prejiared for sale. An important sale of property in Dunlap's Addition to Toledo (bounded by Jett'ersou and Madison and 10th and 11th Streets), took place December 23, 1865, when the following lots were sold to the parties and for the jirices named, to wit: Lot 1, to Dennis Coghlin, for $940 ; lots 6 and 7 to F. J. King, for$2, 000 each ; 8 and 9, to G. A. Bishop, ror $1,620 each; 10 and 11, to Wm. RoH", for $1,820 each ; 12 to Calvin Bronson, for $1,.535 ; 13 to Dennis Coghlin, for $1,705 ; 14 to Wm. Roll, for $2,200 ; 15 to J. A. Corbusier, for $1,700; !0 to same, for $1,80 508 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LVCAS COUNTY. nis Cogiilin, for $035 ; and 27 to F. J. King, for $1,500. This isale was made the more important by the subsequent improvement of several of the lots purchased in the erection thereon of sub- stantial and eletjant residences, and the location of the .letlerson Street School Building. In December, 1865, sales were made of lots in H. P. and E. S. Piatt's Addition, East To- ledo, as follows : I,ot 109 to W. L. Haskins, for $315 ; 110 to Timo- thy Tredwell, $330; 107 to same, $320; 108 to Geo. E. Pomerov, $375 ; 106 to M. A. Scott, $3.55 ; 105 to Goo. Stebb'ins, $290 ; 104 to G. S. Thurber, $290 ; 190 to C. R. Miller, $200 ; GO to W. L. Haskins- $3.3.t ; 6o to Oscar White, $330; (!4 to M. A. Scott, $290 ; 33 to I K. Seaman, $4.i5 ; 20.^ to J. W. Fuller, $225 ; 26 to same, $395 ; 133 to John Quinn, $285 ; 84 and 85 to J. W. Fuller, $300 each. In December, 1805, Coleman I. Keelersold to Wm. B. Messinger blocks 34 and 39 and East half of block IS, iManhattan, for $12,000 ; Geo. W. Reynolds sold front part of Private Grant 581, United States Re- serve, 116 acres, to Coleman I. Keeler, for $10,000; and A. B. Wright sold to same, central i:>art of said t at learning. The early lawyers, of cour.se, hail their peculiarities, weaknesses and failings, as have those who arc now occujjying their ])laces. They were human, but good specimens of humanity. Judge Higgins was austere and seclusive while Qn the bench, but impartial and .sound. He would reprimand a lawyer lor ti'ivial departure from the decorum which he exacted during the sessions of Court, but would allow his own temper to lead him into absurd extravagances. Judge Bowen, on the other hand, was as mild and even tempered a man as ever wore the ermine; and yet, firm and fearless in the administration of justice, in which he never lost his temper and never car- ried the thinnest mark of severity. George B. Way would fill a Court-room with a flood of eloquence, carrying Jurors and Courts with his magic words, and then, as com- pensation, would desert his office and his law books and give himself entirely up to a luxuri- ous indolence, or the pleasure of pui'ely literary or artistic study- Morton, with his magnificent physique, im- posing height and ajipearance, his thorough knowledge of the law, and fluent and matchless address, was the most lormidable opponent among the early law} ers. But he was wedded LUCAS BENCH AND BAR. 517 to politics. His great delight was in ;i political encounter, and he was ambitions to an ex- treme for political preferment. Hill ])ossessed more than most of nieii the two qualities — intense industrj' and acuteness. His scent was as keen as a hunter's. His labor and toil in his cases were continuous, and necessarily his success uas phenomenal. Out- side his profession he had two hobbies — the Public Schools and the Military. In the first, he was very useful, and contributed much to the j)erfectiou of the matchless Schools of Toledo. For the other he was not particularly adapted, but freely gave his best ability to his country during the War of the Kebellion as an Adjutant General of the State ami in the tield. This incessant toil tinally brolce him down ]ihj'sicalU' and mentally, and the last years of his life were darkened by a clouded intellect and saddened by physical ]iain and financial troubles. Andrew Coffinbury, who bore throughout his life the title of" Count," practiced law con- tinuously from 1813 until his death, May 11, 1856. His soubriquet was tirst playfull}' given hini by his associates at the Bar, because of a supposed resemblance to Count Puffendorf, a distinguished German jurist. The "Count" was among the early lawyers who "rode horse- back " over the Northwestern Circuit (rom Mansfield, where he then lived ; and was appointed Prosecuting Attorney at the term ol' Court in the Spring of 183G held in Lucas County. He was a man of rare attainments, genial and affable at all times, and much beloved by his brethren. He moved to Perrys- burg about 1839, and in 1841 entered into a partnership with his son, James M. Coffinbury, then just admitted to practice, and who opened the office for the firm's practice at Maumee City. James was elected Prosecuting Attor- ner for this County the same year, and held the office for several succeeding years. He moved to Findlay in 1845, and in connection with his practice, edited the Findlay Herald for about 10 years. From there he went to Cleveland in 1855. He was severely injured in 1875 by his carriage being struck by a li'eight train which resulted in the loss of one of his legs. In January, 1841, he married Miss Anna M. Gleason, of Lucas County. He was nominated by the Democrats of Cuyahoga County several times for member of Congress and Common Pleas Judge. In 1861 he was electied Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and held the office five years. John Fitch was born in Schodac, Rennsse- laer County, New York, February 16, 1806. His ancestors played an important part in American History by having descended from Thomas Fitch, Chief Justice and Colonial Governor of the Colony of Connecticut under George III. His grandfather, Thomas Filch, was a Colonel in the Eevolutionary Army. He was admitted to the Bar in Albany, New York, after reading in the office of Thomas B. Ludlow of Nassau, in his native Count}-, and of James Lynch of New York City. In the fall of 1836 he moved to Toledo, and was elected Priisccuting Attorne\' i\\(' first tei'm at wliicii he aiipeared as a jiractitioner in our (Courts, a position which he held for aiiumber of years. He was a terror to the criminal classes wlniin he was called to pi'o.secute. A keen, skillful lawyer, he left no loojj-holes for escape. He rose rapidly to distinction at the Bar, and in 1854 was elected Judge of the Court of Com- mon Pleas, taking his .seat February 9, 1855, an was twice re elected, retiring in 187tl, after serving with distinction for 15 years. Like his early associates. Judge Potter and ilr. Young, he has passed his 82il year and is still living in our midst. Ujion his retirement from the Bench resolutions of very complimentary character were passed by the Bar. Of the very earliest residents of Toledo, scarcely one attained to more honorable jirom- inence than did George B. Way. Born in Baltimore, May 5, 1811, he attended both- Yale College and Miami IJniversity, Ohio; was admitted to the Bar in 1832 ; opened an office at Urbana; was married with Miss McCon in 1834; and came to Toledo in 1835, at the solicitation of several jiarties interested in the place. Mr. Way in 1836 took charge of a printing pre.ss and materials, which had been provided, and started a news|iaper which was named tlie Toledo Blade, the first number of which was issued in the fall of I83(i. At the same time Mr. Wa}' opened an office for the practice of his profession, which led to early success. During the first three years of the Blade, Toledo was the abode of .several gentle- men of fine literary attainment, who were interested in City real estate. Among the.se were Joseph R. Williams and Pierre M. Irving, thelattera nejjhew of Washington Irving, who from time to time contributed to the columns of the newspajjer. The credit of conferring the name upon the Blade, seems to have been claimed for two parties — Mr Way and Mr. Williams. A writer in Livingston's Law Jour- nal in 1858, in a biogi'uphical sketch of Mr. Way stated that he named the paper, while Mr. Williams, in an article in the Blade of October 17, 1853, claimed such act as his, giving particulars. Soon after his arrival in Toledo, Mr. Way formed a partnership with Richard Cooke, a young lawyer from Connecticut, who died in 1839, ver}' highlj' respected. Mr. Way then entered into like connection with Daniel McBain, now (1888) a resident of Chicago, which continued until Mr. Wa}- left Toledo, in 1846. He had been the Mayor and a Council- man of the Citj'. Going to Defiance, he be- came a partner with Wm. Sheffield in practice. In the winter of 1847-8, Mr. Way was elected 618 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. President Judge of Common Pleas Court for the District, and continued as such until the office was abolished by new Constitution in 1851. In 1838, two young men came from Norwalk to Toledo, and in a card announced tlieir inten- tion there to i)ractice law. They were John R. Oshorn and Myron H. Tiden. The firm was Tildon ct Osborn, and it at once assumed a l)rominent place in the profession. Mr. Osborn, however, did not remain long here at that time. He had s(!rved a.s Clerk of the Senate of tlie State for the session of 1837-8. In the fall of 1839 he returned to Norwalk. There he entered into a partnership with Courtland L. Latimer, under the firm name of Latimer & Osborn. In November of that year he was married at Columbus, with Miss Elizabeth P. Hartwell, a most accomplished and estimable woman who was universally beloved during the 40 odd years of their married life, when. she was called to her Maker. Mr. Osborn was born at Circleville, Ohio, April 1, 1813. He was the eldest son of Ealph Osborn, who was Auditor of State from 1816 to 1833, and quite prominent in State affairs at that period. Mr. Osborn graduated at the Ohio University at Athens in the fall of 1831, and entered the Law Department of Transyl- vania University at Lexington, Kentucky. He was also a member of the first class of the Law School at Cincinnati, under the instruc- tion of Judge John C. Wright and Timothy Walker ; was admitted to the Bar at a terra of the Supreme Court held in Jack.son Countj-, in April, 1834. He moved to Norwalk, Huron County, in the fall of 1835, and there formed a partnership with Orris Parish, then one of the prominent lawyers of Columbus. It was during this time that Mr. Parish and Judge Higgins, elsewhere mentioned, got into a con- troversy that resulted in Parish's imprison- ment. It arose in a criminal case, and during the day there was a continual friction between the Judge and the Attorne)'. Just before the evening adjournment. Judge Higgins lost all control of himself, and ordered Parish to be impri.soned over night in the County jail. The Bar sj'mpatliized with the Attorney, and in procession marched with him to the jail, spending the night with him in high carnival, and in the morning forming an escort of honor back to the Court. Mr. Osborn was a Whig in polities until the formation of the Republi- can party, since which time he has been its very earnest surporter. He took an active part in the Harrison campaign of 1840, was elected to the Senate from the District com- posed of Huron and Erie counties in 1844, and was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Huron County for successive terms of about seven years. He was a delegate to the Repub- lican National Convention of 1856, after which he returned to Toledo and has ever since con- tinued to practice here. He was invited in 1854, by the syndicate organizing the Wabash Railway System to take charge of the legal department of that system for the State of Ohio; prepared the articles of incorporation, the first bonds and moi-tgage which were issued; and has had and still has charge of the legal business of the Company. From 1870 to 1870 he was in partnershi]) with General Wager Swayne, the eldest son of the late Judge Noah H. Swayne, elsewhere men- tioned, under the firm name of Osborn & Swayne; and in 1883 formed a partnership with his nephew, Alexander L. Smith, which continues at this date. Mr. Orborn is the oldest lawyer in active practice in the Countj% it being now nearly 54 years since his admission. He is in the 76th j'ear of his age, and except a failing sight, is in excellent health. Judge Tildeu was born in Central New York, August 15, 1814. and was the son of Dr. Myron W. Holmes, who died before the birth of the subject of this sketch. When three years of age the familj' came to Ohio, settling in Huron County, where he was adopted by Dr. Daniel Tilden, a pioneer Phj^sician, who.se name was given him. He was educated at Norwalk Seminary, meantime devoting his spare moments to the reading of standard literature. In 1833 he entered the law office of Thaddeus B. Sturgis, then a leading lawyer of Norwalk, and completed his reading in the office of Judge Lane, then of the State Supreme Court. Mr. Tildeu was admitted to the Bar in 1835. In 1833, in connection with John Ken- nan (yet of Norwalk), he started a newspaper, the Western Intelligencer, at Norwalk, which was ere long removed to Milan. Mr. Tilden commenced practice at Norwalk, with fair suc- cess, but seeking a larger field, he removed to Toledo, where, as alreadj- stated, he formed a partnership with Mr. Osborn, who returned to Norwalk in 1839. Soon thereafter C. W. Hill, and ere long Henry Bennett, became associated with Mr. Tilden. In 1839 Mr. Tilden was elected to the City Council, and in 1840 as Mayor, and re-elected in 1842, serving in the latter position for four years. In 1842 he was the Whig candidate for Congress, though, owing to a strong Democratic majority, he was not elected. In 1843, he was chosen President Judge of the Common Pleas District, serving as such until his resignation in 1847. Soon after this, in order to protect his interests as a stockholder in the Steamboat Indiana, he bought that craft, and ran it for two seasons. Not long thereafter he resumed practice, with Wm. Baker as partner. In 1850 he removed to Cincinnati. There he continued his practice, in association with dift'erent law^-ers. In 1851 he wasa]3pointed Professor of Equity Jurispru- dence in the Law School of Cincinnati t'oUege, serving as such for 10 years. In 1873 he was appointed Judge of the Superior Court of Ciu- LUCAS BENCH AND BAR. 519 einnati, and was susequently elected to I ho same. His term haviua; closed, he rosiiiucd practice, which was large and lucrative. Out- side his profession, he always maintained a l)roniiiieut ami useful ]ihice in social, lit,erar_y, business and other relations. Politically, he was formerly a Whig, hiilsuhsequeutly became a War Democrat, and actiMl mainly with the Democratic party. He still resides in ('incin- nati, l)ut from physical infirmities, is no Ioniser able to continue his practice.* Julyl, 1835, he was married at Norwalk, with Miss Louisa Morse, a sister of Howard Morse, of the firm of Poag & Morse, Wholesale Merchants at Toledo at an early date. Judge Tilden had fbu.- chil- di'en, three sons and one daughter. In the fiill of 1837, there appeared the pro- fessional card of Swayne & Benjamin 1. Brown, who opened an office at Toledo; Swayne then living at Columbus, and Brown living here and attending to the Toledo business of the firm. Judge Swaj'ne became interested largely in Toledo real estate, which he held foi- many years, having great faith in its future. As an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, he became known tliroughout the whole country as an able lawj'er, an upright Judire and a man of sterling worth. Two of his sons, Noah H. Swayne, Jr., and Frank B. Swayne, are now practicing in Toledo with success, and are both good lawyers and estima- ble gentlemen. His eldest son. General Wager Swayne, who also practiced liere for a number of years, is now a member of the firm ot Dillon & Swayne, New York City. Caleb V. Abbott was one of the early settlers in Toledo. He came from Massachusetts, was a graduate of Harvard, and always jirided him- self on his New England birth and education. He was a painstaking and industrious lawyer, an intense Whig, an ardent admirer of Henry Clay, and greatly in love with jjolitics. In a convention to choose delegates to a State Con- vention, the question as to the people's choice between Clay and Harrison for President, he exclaimed, "Who is this General Harrison?" He became, however, a warm supporter of that gentleman after his nomination. Mr. Abbott died in April, 1855, and a meeting of the Bar was held to take action on the occasion, when there was present, M. IJ. Waite, iS. M. Young, Daniel J\lcBain, C. W. Hill, James J. French, R. C. Lemmon, Ira E. Lee, A. G. Clark, II. S. Commager, Charles Dodge, L. S. Lounsbury, J. L. Fuller, M. O. Higgins, J. J. Manor, Chas. Pratt, William Baker, H. L. Hosmer, Ed.son Allen, F. A. Jones, B. W. Rouse, John C. Ep.sy, J. H. Campbell. At the time of the organization of the County Henry Bennett resided at Perrysburg, Wood Count}', but subsequently removed to Toledo and formed a partnership with Charles W. Hill, which lasted but a short time. He cou- « Judge Tilden died in 1888. tinned to practice for a number of years, but quit the profession some 3(1 years since, devoting his time to other jjui'suits. He died during the past year, at the age of — j'ears. He had lived in retirement from active business for maTiy yi'ars, enjoying a comfortable income. He was an amiable, even tem])ercd gc^nlleman of the old school, at peace witli the world, and )H)ssessing the confidence of the community in an unusual degree. Among the lawyers practicing here in 1854, was Judge Thomas M. Cooley, subsequently for so many years on the Bench of the Supreme Court of Michigan, Professor in the Michigan University at Ann Arbor, now a member of the Inter-State Commerce Commission, and author of many valuable te.xt-books, among them being " Taxation, Constitutional Limita- tions, Torts," etc. He was in 1S54 the Demo- cratic nominee for Judge of Common Pleas, against John Fitch, candidate of the "Anti- Nebi-aska," since the Republican party, who was elected. vSoon after that time Mr. Coolej' returned to Michigan, finally making his home at Ann Arbor. Frederick A. Jones died in Toledo, February 8, 1873. He was born at Gi-afton, Lorain County, October 10, 1823; received his educa- tion at Norwalk, Oberlin, and Granville; and was admitted to the Bar in 1849, about which time he was married with Miss Delia S. Case, of Granville, Ohio. For a time, he taught School at Jacksi;)n, Mississippi, but soon re- turned to the North and practiced law at Gran, ville until coming to Toledo in 1853, where he continued his practice, having at different times M. O. Higgins and J. M. Ritchie as partners. In 1860 he was elected Probate Judge and was serving on his fourth term at the time of his death. He left a wife and two children. Charles B. Perigo was a native of Otsego Count}-, New York, and came to Toledo in 1844, entering the law office of Hill & Bennett as a student, and became a memljer of the fii-m as soon as his term of study was completed, which position he held at the time of his death from consumption, January 27, 1857, aged 33 years. His illness was long. He was "a man of strict integrit}', pure morals and correct habits, a good citizen and a kind friend, a de- voted husband and parent." He left a wife and three children. I am unable to give a complete list of the lawyers who have practiced in the Lucas Count}- Bar. A list of those practicing at this date will be given hereafter. At a meeting of the Bar held in November, 1851, to take action of a complimentary nature on the retirement of Judge B. B. Sadler, there were present John Fitch, Caleb F. Abbott, Ira E. Lee, William H. Hall, Daniel ^IcBain, E. P. Bassctt, 11. S. Com- mager, Edward Bissell, Ji., l)aniel O. -Morton, Charles Dodge, Charles M. Dorr, William Baker, John J. Manor, Edson Allen, M. R. 520 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LDCAS COVNTY. Waite, H. F. Waite, A. G. Clark, Samuel M. Young, John C. Espy, Charles E. Perigo, Henry Bennett, Chas. W. 'Hill, A. C. Harris, P. E. Latimer, B. W. Rouse, Henry Reed, Jr., J. Baron Davis, Hiram Clark, James M. Coffin- bury, 11. C. Stowell, P'raiiklin Johnson. To these names may be ailcied as being here then, or coming not long thereafter, Charles Pratt, Frecleric'U A. Jones, M. (). Higgins, N. W. Daniels, James J. French, ii. C. Leramon, Dennis Foley, Michael B. Doyle, Seraphim Meyer, Henry T. Bissell, Joini Ray, (ieorge R. Haynes, Josiah F. Price, Charles C. Starr, Edward A. Durbin, Richard Waite, James M. Ritchie, Thomas Dunlap, James W. McKimm, John L. Johnston, Andrew M. Blake, William H. Gorrill, Charles H. Gorrill, Rmmett S. Latty, Angus Mcintosh, Russell W. Livermore. The prominent and active part taken by Edward Bissell, senior, in the earlier history of Toledo, is referred to elsewhere. His son, Ed- ward junior, was educated at Yale College, and began the practice of law in Toledo in 1849, after serving as a volunteer in the war with Mexico, 184(!-48. He has been one of the leading and most successful lawyers at the Bar ever since. His chief characteristic is the absolute thoroughness with which he ])repares every case and every act connected with his professional work. He is one of the thorough scholars connected with the profession. In 1864 he lormed a partnership with William H. Gorrill, John H. Doyle and W. S. Thurstin, under the Arm name of Bissell & Gorrill. The members of this firm have changed many times since. Mr. Gorrill died in Calilornia with con- sumption, in 1874. Judge Doyle left the firm and went on the Bench in 1879, but Mr. Bissell never would consent to have the firm name changed, and it stands the same to-day. Mr. Bi8.sell was married in 18(12 with Miss Sarah A. Secor, a sister of Joseph K. and James Seeor, prominent wholesale merchants of Toledo. They have five children, Frederick, Maurice, Herbei't, Walter and Charlotte. William H. Gorrill died at Oakland, Cali- fornia, in September, 1874, ageil 38 years. He was born at Bowling Green, Wood County, in 183(5, where he was raised and received his education until his entrance at Michigan Uni- versitj', where he was graduated from the legal course in 1862. Coming to Toledo, he formed a partnership with Edward Bissell, Jr., and soon was on his way to pernuinent eminence and success at the Bar, when disease of a pul- monary character developed itself in increasing force. Hoping by such change of habit to stay the progress of the enemy, he sought exercise in trips ou the Lakes and RWers, on which occasions he corresponded freely and very acceptably for the Toledo Commercial. In 1869, he sought health in California, where he estab- lished the Pacific Bridge Company, which arrangement was successful in a business way, and for atime promised confirmed improvement in health ; but this was onl}' temporary, as the result showed. He left a wife (a daughter of Judge Walker of St. Clair, Michigan), and one child. Few young men have entei-ed active life with higher promise both of business success and per.sonal honor and usefulness, than did Mr. Gorrill. Henry S. Commager, of Toledo, died at Gal- veston, Texas, of yellow fever, August 14, 1867. He was there in the capacity of an Internal Revenue officer. lie came to Otsego, Wood' County, in 1838, when quite j'oung, and there was married with a daughter of David Heilges. In 1841 he entered the office of Young and Waite, at Maumee, as a student at law; was admitted to the Bar in 1842; commenced prac- tice at Maumee; went to Toledo in 1852, and was the Democratic candidate for Congress in 1854, his opponent being Richard Mott, the Anti-Nebraska or Republican candidate, who was elected. Mr. Commager was among the first citizens of Lucas County to volunteer for the defense of the Union, in 1861, enlistingfirst as a private in the Fourteenth, and subse- quently in the Sixty-Seventh Regiment, of which latter he was Major and Lieutenant- Colonel ; and afterwards Colonel of the One Hundred and Eighty-Ninth Regiment. In 1866, he was again the Democratic candidate for Congress, when he ran 800 ahead of the party ticket, though not elected. He led the Sixty-Seventh Regiment to the dreadful charge at Fort Wagner, Charleston Harbor, July, 1863, where he was severely wounded. As a citizen he had a large circle of friends. Judge David H. Commager is a son of General Com- mager. Charles M. Dorr was among the earliest law- students of Toledo, as he was for thirty years prominent in political and public affairs. He was born in Hoosac, New York, in 1815, and came to Toledo in 1838; read law there with John Fitch ; was admitted to pi-actice in 1839; elected to the City Council in 1847, and again in 1849; elected Mayor of the City in 1851, '53, '55, '57 and '65. He was a man of genial tem])erament and marked personal popularity, as indicated by the elective positions held by him. He died suddenly of apoplexy, April 20, 1870, aged 55 years. October 5, 1841 he was married at 'Toledo, with Miss Caroline Hertzler, daughter of Christian Hertzler, who yet survives him, as do five of six children. James M. Whitney died at Toledo, February 7, 1874. Born in Salem, Washington County, New York, November 9, 1802; he was married in 1829, with Lovinia Remell, who died April 5, 1862. February 8, 1863, he was married with Imogene Nicholas, at Mt. Vernon, Ohio, who with one child survives him. With his father-in-law, Mr. Whitney came to Toledo in 1831, and build a log house near the present residence of Henry Philipps, corner of LVCAS BENCH AND BAR. 521 Bancroft and Fulton streets, Mr. Salmon H. Keeler, then and now a resident of Toledo, aiding in the erection of tlic buildinj;;;. Mr. Whitney subsequently practiced law, and about 185-t engaged in the Hardware trade. He was one of the first Justices of the Peace in the County, holding the position for several years. He was a man of genial disposition and had many friends. His health had been poor for some time, and he died from paralysis. James M. Ritchie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, July 28, 1829, and came with his parents to the United States in 1832. In 1852 he removed to Lorain Count}', Ohio, and there taught school. He was elected Justice of the Peace in 1854 on the " Anti-Nebraska " issue, and commenced the study of the law, and in 1857 was admitted to the Bar in this County, and permanently removed here in September, 1858. He was elected Judge of the Police Court in 1867, and after holding the office about a year and a half resigned, to resume the prac- tice. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1880 that nominated Garfield for President, and in the fall of that year was nominated for Congress and elected, serving as a member of the 4:7th Congress. He is now actively engaged in the practice, is a thorough student, a lover of books, and an orator of considerable polish and power. In criminal cases he has been unusually suc- cessful. Charles Kent has been in active practice since 1850, and is still, in partnership with his son, Charles E. Kent, an active member of the Bar, although now somewhat impaired in health. The old firm of Bassett & Kent was long a leading one in the profession. It was succeeded by Kent & Newton, and later by Kent, Newton & Pugsley, and commanded more than the average business and confidence. Mr. Kent has borne the reputation fbra quarter of a century of being one of the ablest Iaw3-er8 that we have had in our local Bar. His first partner here, Edward P. Bassett, still lives in our midst, but an impaired hearing and feeble liealth have compelled him to abandon active duties. John T. Newton, for many years his successor in the firm, has also practically re- tired from the practice and devotes himself to the care of an ample fortune, which he has been more successful in accumulating than the majority of his brethren. The other member of the firm. Judge Isaac P. Pugsley, was ap- pointed Judge, as before stated, upon the ele- vation of Judge Doyle to the Supreme Court, and was at the election in November, 1887, chosen as Judge of the Common Pleas Court for five years, to succeed Judge Pike. Judge Joshua R. Seney, who served part of a term as Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and resigned to resume the practice, which he preferred, is a native of Seneca County, and came to Toledo in 1864. He has been and still 34 is a prominent member of the Bar, and an affa- ble and courteous gentleman. Judge William A. Collins is still in active and general practice, enjoying, as he always has, the confidence of his brethren and clients. He was an incorruptible and learned Judge, and is distinguished for his ability and integrity as a lawyer. Charles H. Scribuer was a leading lawyer in Knox County for 20 years before removing to Toledo, in 1869. In 1867 he was a member of the State Senate and Chairman of the Com- mittee that prepared the Municipal Code of the State, and also prepared the ])refient Criminal Code. He is the author of the leading and standard text book on " The Law of Dower," a treatise in two volumes, published in 1864 and 1867, and recently republished. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1873, and while serving was nominated by the Democrats for Judge of the Supreme Court, but defeated. In November, 1887, he was elected as a Judge of the Circuit Court, for the Coun- ties of Huron, Erie, Ottawa, Sandusky, Lucas, Wood, Fulton, Henry, Defiance and Williams. Since coming to Toledo he has had a leading practice, and is regarded as among the ablest lawyers at the Bar. He was born near Nor- walk, Connecticut, in 1826 ; was a]i])renticed in early life to the saddle and harness trade, and is in every sense a self-made man. It would be a pleasure to continue these sketches of the brethren of the Bar, but the limited space allotted to this article forbids. Several of the leading lawyers have extended notices elsewhere. But such men as W. S. Thurstin, Alex. W. Scott, Judge Pugsley, Clar- ence Brown, Barton Smith, Gilbert Harmon, Emery D. Potter, jr., E. W. Tolerton, D. R. Austin, Richard Waite, Charles T. Lewis, A.W. Eckert and many others, whose names are given in the list of practicing lawyers, are none the less entitled to distinction as lawyers of ability and honor, than those already noticed. I have to some extent confined the special notice to those who have been longest in har- ness, and whose labors in the ordinary course of events will soonest end ; or to those who have already thrown off the yoke and left a memory which it is a duty, as well as a pleas- ure, to perpetuate. MEMBERS OF LUCAS COUNTY BAR. Following is a complete list of the members of the Lucas County Bar, those marked with a star (*) not being in active practice : *Allen, Edson. Austin, David R. Austin. James, jr. Aishley, Charles S. Alens, Albert. Bissell, Edward. Beckwith, George H. Brown, James M. Brown, Clarence. Brnml)ack, Orville S. Baker, William. Baker, Rufus H. *Bas8ett. Edward P. Beeford, Irvin. 522 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LVCAS COUNTY. Barber, Jason A. Bunker, Henry S. Beard, Philander C. Beard, Ellsworth IM. Bunn, Charles, Barton, Kobert W. Beckham, Carl. Collins, William A. Chase, John A. Cummings, Joseph W. Curtis, Cornelius S. Commager, David H. Clark, Albert G. Carjienter, Clement. Crane, Arthur P. Cochran, Robert H. Coldham, Ashton H. Calder, J. R. Corkerv, Thomas J. Cook, D. F. (Maumee) Doyle, John H. Dodge, Charles. *Dodge, Frederick B. Dunlap, Thomas. Dodd, Ezra S. Everett, Charles W. Eckert, Augustus W. Eckert, Edgar H. Eaton, Charles. Ford, Joseph D. French, James J. Farquharson, Andrew. France, Christian F. Fitch, John. Fuller, Rathbun. Ford. Samuel A. Geddes, Frederick L. Greer, John T. Geer, B. T. (Swanton) Hamilton, J. Kent. Hanahan, P. Hall, Almon. Harris, Wm. H. Huntsberger, Isaac N. Harmon, Gilbert. Hurd, Frank H. Howe, Henry E. Harrington, Nathaniel. Humphrey, George W. Ha3'es, Birchard A. Hill, Avery S. Haynes, George R. Hueston, James M. Hudson, Preston C. Hunt, James E. Hone, Parks. Hiett, Emery R. Hippie, J. Jackson, Wm. H. Johnson, C. F. Kumler, John F. Knisely, Isaac E. Kent, Charles. Kent, Charles E. Kinney, Guy W. Kohn, Samuel. King, Harry E. Kirby, George P. Lee, John C. Lee, Ira E. Lee, Henry E. Lemmon, Reuben C. Lemmon, Charles H. Lewis, Charles T. Lang, Albion E. McKee, Richard M. Millard, Irwin I. Macomber, Albert. Moore. Edward D. McDonnell, Terrence J. McCTahan, Patrick A. Morris, Lindley W. Merrill, Horace A. Murray, Jerome. Melchers, Milo. *Newton, John T. Newton, Eben. *Nye, E. Dwight. Osborn, John R. Odell, Morgan N. Parks, Lysander K. Pilliod, James E. Pugsley, Isaac, P. *Potter, Emery D. Potter, Emery D., jr. Potter, Erskine H. Pike, Louis H. Pratt, Charles. Pratt, Henry S. Piatt, Harvey P. Poag, John. Raymond, Erwin P. Read, W. H. A. Rouse, Birdseye W. Rhodes. Edward H. Rickenbaugh, Frank W. Richardson, Louis G. Ritchie, James M. Ritchie, Bvron F. Rike, John C. Reno, Benjamin F. Seney, Joshua R. Snider, Oliver B. Scott, Alex. W. Smith, Barton. Smith, Alex. L. Southard, James H. Southard, Elisba B. Scribner, Charles H. Scribner, Harvey. Swayne, Noah H. Swayne, Frank B. Sala. Frank M. Stone, R. B. Schunk, Hugh F. Sumner, Charles E. Thurstin, Wesley S. Thurston, Johnson. Tracy, Thomas S. Tolerton, Elihu W. Tucker, Wm. H. Thomas, Daniel E. Waite, Richard. Waite, Edward T. Wilson, Arion E. Wilson, Charles G. Wachenheimer, Lyman W. Wright, Frank E. Waggoner, Marshall O. Welister, William. Werr, C. L. Wilkinson, L. H. Woodworth, Charles. *Young, Samuel M. The total number of members, November, 1887, 158. The following announcement was made soon after the date therein given : Married at Willoughbv, Ohio,' June 8, 1843, bv Rev. Mr. Clark, Hon. En'iery D. Potter, of Toledo, President Judge of the 13th Judicial Circuit, and Miss Mary A., daughter of Thomas Card, of Wil- loughby. This event having occurred during a term of Court, the Bar deemed it proper to signalize the same by holding a festival, a report of which was prepared " for the Bar onlj"," and was not published until some 30 years there- after. It vi'as as follows : At a meeting of the Bar in attendance at the Court of Common Pleas for Lucas County, to take into consideration the present condition of the Bench of said County, "Count" Coffinbury was called to the Chair. On motion of D. O. Morton, which was seconded by J. V. Spink, the meeting adopted the following unanimously : " WHERE.A.S, we are informed that Judge Potter, the Presiding Judge of this Court, is about to enter the matrimonial state, by which the sum of his earthly happiness is to be immeasurably enhanced ; and " Whereas, so happy an event is a fitting cause for rejoicing and festivity ; therefore, " We, the undersigned, members of the Court and Bar, w'ill meet at Mr. Neeley's Hotel, in Miami, this (Thursday) evening, to partake of a supper to be pre- pared for the occasion." On motion, J. C. Spink and D. O. Morton were appointed as Committee of Arrangements. On motion, all of the officers of Lucas County were invited to join said meeting. Andrew Coffinbury, Chairman. At 9 o'clock p. M., the guests assembled around the sumptuous repast (which "mine host" of the " Miami " knows how to get up). James Myers, " Clerk of said Court," was appointed President for the occasion, and Morrison R. Waite, Vice-President. After the supper was concluded, an ode (com posed expre.ssly for the occasion at the request of the Bar, by Andrew Coffinbury) was sung to the tune of Auld Lang Syne, by John Browulee and others, with great applause. After which the meeting were en- tertained with several songs, together with the follow- ing toasts; By James Myers. Judge Potter — May the issue which he this night joined result in a long family record. By Henry Reed, Jr. Hon. E. D. Potter— May his subsequent life be as his Judicial career has been honorable. By John C. Spink. Judge Potter— May the de- cision he has this night made, never be overruled or reversed. By T. C. Worder. The Bride-By her union, a bright star has been plucked from the galaxy of virgin loveliness. May she become a central orb, around which diamonds of beauty may cluster in transcen- dent and glow ing effulgence. By D. F. Cook. Judge Potter— May the sttit he has this evening instituted prove an amicable one. By James M. Coflinbury. Our President Judge — May he prove as kind a Husband as he is a Judge ; and as tender to his offspring as he has been urbane and gentlemanly to the younger portion of the mem- bers of the Bar, who have grown up around him. LTJCAS BENCH AND BAR. 62S By P. O. Morton. After pome incidental remarks api)rnpri;ite to the occasion, he asked leave to read a sentiment he had cut from a newspaper. By Andrew Cothnbury. The President of this Judicial Circuit — Uis dt'claratiou is good, his plea sound, his replicMion complete, and his ctTrfiVf happy. By Thomas Clark 2d. Mrs. Potter— May the judgment she has this night obtained never be reversed by a higher irihiinal. By Benj. P. Smith. The Associate Judges of Lu- cas C'ouuty— They have set the President Judge a good example; may he follow it. By Horace F. Waite. My Brother Bachelors— May we very soon file our declaration in Cupid's Court ; may love draw^ up the plea, and affection the rejoinder; with bashfulness alone demurring ; and the rerdict be the loss of liberty ; wife the docket fee, and the babies the legal tender for costs. On motion of Henry Reed, Jr., the meeting ad- journed to the sitting-room of the Hotel, when the ode was loudly called for ; after which Mr. Spink re- sponded to a call, rehearsing a highly amusing patent sermon, in which he delineated the style of the pop- ular preaching of the day. On motion, the meeting adjourned, without date. Jajies Myers, President. M. R. Waite, Vice-President. Beside the persons above named, F. L. Nich- ols (then an Associate Judge), Captain Amos Pratt, Charles K. Scott, Wm. Carter and H. T. Smith (Editor of the Maumee Eiver Times) look jiart on the occasion. Of tliose named in that connection, the only ones now known to be living are M. R. Waite, Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court ; Judge Potter and F. L. Nichols of Toledo; Henry Reed, Jr., of California; D. F. Cook, ol Maumee; J. M. Coffinbiiry, of Cleveland ; and Wm. Carter, of Bryan, Ohio. Mrs. Potter died very suddenly March 14, 1847, aged 24. A son ti months old died the day previous. The only surviving child of the mother, v^as Emery D. Potter, Jr., now of Toledo. Mrs. Potter was highly es- teemed by a large circle of friends. THE SUPREME COURT OF OHIO As stated elsewhere, the first term of the Supreme Court in Lucas Connty at which ma- terial business was transacted, was in 1838. There was, however, a short term at which some formal matters were transacted held in Jul}-, 1837, presided over by Judges Ebenezer Lane and Reuben Wood ; in 1838 the Court was held by Judges Lane and Grimke; in 1839, by Lane and Wood ; in 1840, by Wood and Peter Hitchcock ; in 1841 and 1842, no session of this Court was held in this County. In 1843, it was held by Wood and Matthew Burchard ; in 1844, by Wood and Nathaniel C. Reed ; in 1845 and 184G, bj- Wood and Burch- ard ; in 1847 and 1848, by Burchard and Ed- ward Avery ; in 1849, by Hitchcock and Wil- liam B. Caldwell; in 1850, by Hitchcock and Rufus P. Spalding; and in 1851, by Hitchcock and Caldwell. The new State Constitution went into effect in 1851, and the District Court was created which took the place of the old County Su- preme Court. The District Court was held in the respective years b3'tho following named Judiies. to w it : 1852, by Thomas W. Bartley of the Supreme Court, and Samuel llumphreyville and Lucius B. Otis. US.'ili, by Otis, Humphreyville and Starkweather. 1854, by Otis, Humphreyville and Horace Foote. 1855, by Otis, Starkweather. Fitch and Foote. 185(!, by Otis, Humphreyville and Starkweather. 1857, by Thomas Bolton, James S. Carpenter and Jesse P. Bishoii. 18.58, by Sebastian F. Taylor, Carpenter, Bishop and Foote. 1859, by Foote, Carpenter and Samuel T. Worcester. 18G0, by Jacob Brinkerhoff of the Supreme Court, and Bolton and Foote. 18(il, by Foote, Worcester, Bishop and Taylor. 1802, by Milton Sutlifl'of the Supreme Court, Foote and John L. Greene. 18t)3, by Josiah Scott of the Supreme Court (father of Alex. W. Scott, now of the Toledo Bar), Bolton, and James M. Coftinhury. 1SG4, by William White of the Supreme Court, Foote and Stevenson Burke. 18(i5, by Foote, Bolton and Coffinbury. ]8t)(i, by Brinkerhoff, Foote and Burke. 18G7, by Luther Day of the Supreme Court, Foote and Samuel B. Prentiss. 1868. by Scott, Foote and Prentiss. 18G9, by John Welch of the Supreme Court, Walter F. Stone and W. W. Boynton. 1S70, by Foote, Prentiss and Boynton. 1871, by Day, Foote and Prentiss. 1872, by Foote, Charles E. Pennewell and Samuel W. McClure. 1873, by Foote, Boynton and Robert F. Payne. 1874, by Payne, McClure and Darius Cadwell. 1875, by Prentiss, McClure and Cadwell. 1876, by Prentiss, Cadwell and J. M. Jones. 1877, by Prentiss, Cadwell and Jesse H. McMath. 1878-9, by Jones, G. M. Barber and E. T. Hamilton. 1880, by Jones, Hale and Cadwell. 1881, by Barber, Hamilton and S. E. Williamson. 1882, by Cadwell, Jones and Henry McKinney. 18811, by Hamilton, Barber and J. E. Ingersoli. 1884, by McKinney, Jones and John W. Heisle}'. By an amendment to the Constitution adopt- ed in 1884, a Circuit Court was created, which commenced in February, 1885, when Judges William H. Upson, Charles C. Baldwin and George R. Haj'nes were elected, and have held the Court here since that date, two terras each year being held in each County of the Circuit. There were 27 Common Pleas Judges elected in 1851, under the Constitution which then went into effect. Of these it is believed that the following only are now living: Stanley Matthews, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; Judges Warden and Whitman, both ex-Judges of the Supreme Court of Ohio ; Judge Bates of the Columbus District ; Judge Otis of our District ; and Judge Welker, who is mentioned in connection vvith the Federal Judiciarj-. It will be seen fi'oni the above record, that Judge Horace Foote of Cleveland, hold District Court in Lucas County in ItJ different years; and that there was not a term of the District 524 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Court in this County omitted during the exist- ence of that Court. THE FEDERAL JUDICIARY. By act of Congress, passed February 10, 1855, the State of Ohio was divided into two Judicial Districts— the Northern, with the Courts at Cleveland; and the Southern, with the Courts at Cincinnati. In July, 1870, an act was passed providing for the holding of two terms of the District Court at Toledo, annually, at such times as the District Judge should fix, but giving to it no term of the Circuit Court. Judge Charles T. Sherman was then the Judge, and held several terms of the District Court here. In 1873 he resigned, and Martin Welker was appointed to succeed him by President Grant, on the 28th of November, 1873. Judge Welker held his fii-st term at Toledo in December of that year, and with three terms at Cleveland and two at Toledo annually, has not missed holding his Court since. On the 8th of June, 1878, by act of Congress, the Northern District of Ohio was divided into the Eastern and Western Subdivisions, the Western Division consisting of Lucas, Williams, Defiance, Paulding, Van Wert, Mercer, Au- glaize, Allen, Putnam, Henry, Fulton, Wood, Hancock, Hardin, Logan, Union, Delaware, Marion, Wyandot, Seneca, Sandusky, Ottawa, Erie and Huron Counties. The act required all suits of a local nature in the Circuit ttnd District Courts against a single defendant, res- ident of the State, to be brought in the Subdi- vision in which he should reside ; and where there were two or more defendants, residing in different Divisions, permitting the action to be brought in either of these. It made all of- fenses cognizable and indictable in the Division where committed, and required all Jurors to be residents thereof This act made Toledo ajudicial centre (or the territory embraced in the Subdivision. The business of the Court has been very important, and has brought to our City manj' of the lead- ing lawyers of the country. During the period covered by the .sessions of the Court at Toledo, the Eailroads of the country have furnished an important part of its work. Foreclosures of mortgages, administration of Eailroad proper- ties by the instrumentaiit}' of Receivers, and the sale of the property, have been a part of the work of nearly every term. The Toledo, Cincinnati and St. Louis; the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific ; the Ohio Central ; the Mich- igan and Ohio ; the Toledo and Indianapolis, and its successor, the Toledo, Columbus and Southern, are among the Eailroad Companies that have furnished such litigation in the Wes- tern Division, and have furnished a large and lucrative business to the legal profession. Two terms of the District and Circuit Courts are held annually at Toledo (in June and Decem- ber), each lasting in six to eight weeks of ac- tive work. At the time of the organization of the West- ern Division, Judge H. H. Emmons of Detroit, was the Judge of the Circu.it comprising the States of Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky and Ten- nessee, but Judge Emmons never presided at To- ledo. He was succeeded by Judge John Baxter of Knoxville, Tennessee, a man of immense energy, indomitable will and remarkable abil- ity. He was somewhat a terror to the Bar, until he became known and his methods under- stood. He would dispose of a case in the most arbitrary manner, without hearing counsel, and often without hearing the evidence beyond a point which he thought decisive. He was no respecter of persons. The most distinguished member of the Bar had no greater considera- tion shown him than the humblest and least known. He grew on the profession. As they came to recognize his wonderful perception, his impatience at the " law's delaj-s'' and the consumption of time by attorneys which he deemed unnecessary, his absolute impartiality and integritj', the lawyers fell into his way of disposing of business contentedly after the first few years, and the remark would be often made, " He shoots quick, but very straight.'' Oft'the Bench, lie was genial, kind and sociable, an en- tertaining talker, and fond of his brethren and their company. During the war Judge Baxter was an uncompromising and fearless friend of the Union, and showed it in many ways that ex- hibited his nerve and unconquerable will in a place where it was not free from danger. He died at Hot Springs, Arkansas, in 1886, and was succeeded by Judge Howell E. Jackson, of Nashville, Tennessee, who was tendered a com- plimentary banquet by the Bar of Toledo on his arrival here, at wliich Judge Doyle jiresided, and which was largely attended. Judge Jack- son won his way quickly to the confidence of the Bar, and is distinguished for his courtesy, his scholarship in the law, and the patient hearing he gives every case he tries. Judge Welker has presided over both Courts in the absence of the Circuit Judge, and has done the bulk of the business. His 15 years of judicial work on the Federal Bench, commenc- ing as it did at Toledo, entitles him to a place in this history, altliough not a resident of Lucas County. He was born in Knox County, Ohio, April 25, 1819, was educated in the District Schools ; at the age of 18 entered a law office in Millersburg, Holmes County, and was ad- mitted to practice in 1841. He was Clerk of the Courts of Holmes County from 1846 to 1851. In 1848 he was nominated by the Whigs for Congress, but was defeated. In 1851 he was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in the Sixth District, and served the full term of five years, being renominated in 1856. In 1857 he was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio on LUCAS BENCH AND BAR. 525 the ticket with Salmon P. Cliase, who was at the same time elected Governor. At the break- ing out of the War he was appointed a Major on the staif of General J. D, Cox; afterwards Judge- Advocate-General on the statF of Gover- nor Dennison ; and still later (1862) was As- sistant Adjutant-General of the State. In the same year he was nominated for Congress in the Wooster District, but defeated by 36 votes. In 1864 he was again nominated for Congress and elected from the Fourteenth Ohio District, serving in the 89th Congress. He was re- elected in 1866, and again in 1868, and in No- vember, 1873, as already stated, he was ap- pointed b^' President Grant District Judge for the Northern District of Ohio. Judge Welker is in every sense a self- made man, and his career has been a remarkable series of continued ad- vancements. He deserves them all. A scholar — largelj' self-educated, he received the degree of Doctor of Laws from the Wooster I^niversity, in which he is Professor of Political Science and Constitutional and International Law. A states- man — he has b3- his work in Congress made a lasting and valuable re]iutation, and as a lawyer and jurist he has been honored by a seat on the State and Federal Judiciary, where his ripe judgment, his clear discernment, and his up- right and pure character have been of special service to the profession and the litigants wlio come under his jurisdiction. MORRISON REMICK WAITE was born at Lyme, Connecticut, November 29, 1816. His father, Henry Matson Waite, was also a native otLyme, where he was born February 9, 1787. The father was graduated at Yale College, and after completing the study of his pjrofession, entered upon the practice of the law at Lyme, in which he soon attained prominent position. He was chosen, successively, as Eepresentative and Senator in the Slate Legislature. In 1834, his qualities as jurist were recognized in his appointment as Associate Judge of the Supreme Court of Errors of Connecticut; and subse- quently in liis unanimous election bj' the Leg- islature to the Chief Justiceship of the State, from which position he was withdrawn in 1857, by the Constitutional age limit of 7(1 jears for incumbents of that office. The Waitc family settled at Lyme before 1700, where its members have for nearly 200 years held prominent posi- tions in difl'erent spheres of active life. These included Marvin Waite, who, as Presidential Elector, cast a vote for Washinuton at his first election in 1789. He was one of the Commis- sioners appointed to sell the lands belonging to Connecticut in the Connecticut Western Ee- serve, Ohio, the proceeds of which sale now constitute the Connecticut School Fund. The mother of the subject of this sketch was a grand- daughter of Colonel Samuel Selden, commander of a Connecticut Eegiment in the Army of the Revolution ; was made prisoner September 17, 1776, at the evacuation of New York; died October 11th following, in the " Old Provost;'' and was buried in the old "Brick Church" yard, where the New York Times office now stands, his fellow-prisoners by special permis- sion being allowed to attend his funeral in uni- form. Morrison E. Waite was graduated at Yale in 1837, his class including several men subsequently of National reputation, among whom were Wm. M. Evarts, Edwards Pierre- pont and Benjamin Silliman, Jr. Samuel J. Tilden was of the same class, though, from poor health, was unable to graduate with those here named. Selecting the profession of the law as his life-work, Mr. Waite commenced reading in his father's office ; but accepting the view then so prevalent at the Ea.st as to wider and more hopeful fields for activity at the then " Far West," he left Lyme in October, 1838, for the Maumee Valley, settling at Mau- mee City. Here he at once renewed his law reading in the office of Samuel M. Young, who had preceded him to that locality in 1835. Upon his admission to the Bar in 1839, the firm of Young & Waite was formed, the junior at once taking upon himself the larger portion of detail in work. This included much horse- back travel and other severe labor, in attend- ance at Courts in other Counties, in the col- lection of claims from scattered debtors, and other business. In 1850, Mr. Waite removed to Toledo, where the firm opened an office and continued the practice until January, 1856, when, upon the retirement of Mr. Young, a brother, Eichard Waite, became a partner, and the firm of M. E. & E. Waite was formed, which continued for a period of 18 years, and until the senior was appointed Chief Justice, when it was succeeded by that of E. & E. T. Waite, the junior being a son of the retiring partner, which firm j-et continues. Though never a partisan in any objectionable sense of the term, Mr. Waite from early life hadclear con- victions upon questionsofpublicpolicy, and took an active part in support of the same. A Whig \n .sentiment, he co-operated with that party until it was merged into the Eepublican organ- ization in 1854, since which time he has acted with the latter. -The different public positions held by him, were all conferi-ed without his seeking. As shown by the political record elsewhere given, he was early active in local political affairs. He was first a candidate for public ofiice in 1846, as the Whig nominee for Congress, in a strongly Democratic district, his opponent, William Sawyer, being elected. In 1849 Mr. Waite was chosen as Eepresenta- tive to the State Legislature, serving in that body with special credit. He was a candidate for Delegate to the State Constitutional Con- vention in 1850, failing of an election in conse- quence of tha strongly adverse political ma- jority. Mr. Waite'sm'ost prominent relation 528 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. to political matters was that held in 18C2, and was incident to the question then arising in regard to the War policy of the Government. In common with a large portion of the Ee- publicans and many Democrats of the Toledo CongrcMsional District, he was in full sj'mpathy with President Lincoln's purpose to make the preservation of the Union through the sup- pression of the Rebellion the paramount end of all war measures in that connection. Opposed to such policy, were a large portion of the Re- publican party In the District, who held that the abolition of Slavery at the South should be made a condition in any terms for peace. As a result of such disagreement, two District Conventions were held, representing these two adverse policies. The one composed of Repub- licans and what were known as War Demo- crats, nominated Mr. Waite for Congress, who, with much hesitation, accepted the position. The other Convention selected James M. Ash- ley, the Republican incumbent, as its candidate. While the Democrats of Lucas, Wood and Ful- ton Counties, with great unanimity, supported Mr. Waite, the members of that party in the other Counties of the District, from considera- tions of party strategy, voted for a third candi- date, the result being the re-election of Mr. Ashley. In Toledo, Air. Waite then received 1,806 votes, out of 2,447 votes cast, while his plurality in the County was, 1,346, in a total vote of 4, 163. No other popular endorsement of equal emphasis had V>cen given a citizen of that County. Upon the refusal of Hockirjg II. Hunter to accept the seat on the State Su- preme Bench, to which he was elected in 1863, Governor Brough tendered the position to Mr. Waite, bj' whom it was declined. His reputa- tion as a .sound and able lawj'er and conserva- tive citizen had become so far National, that in December, 1871, President Grant selected him as one of the Counsel for the United States in the Arbitration at Geneva, involving the settle- ment of what were known as the " Alabama Claims" of the Government against Great Britain. For such position Mr. Waite possessed the special qualities of great industry and abil- ity in research and argument, which were made conspicuous and effective on that memoi-able occasion, ami secured for his labors historical recognition. His presentation of the question of Great Britain's liability in permitting Con- federate War Steamers to obtain in British ports sup))lies for hostilities against Americnn shipping, commanded marked attention both from that tribunal and from the world. En- tering that service with a reputation more limited than was that of either of his associate Counsel, the close of the trial found him in that respect second to none. Returning to Toledo in 1872, he resumed his practice. In 1873 he was elected without opposition as a member of the Convention called to revise the State Con- stitution, and upon thea.sserabling of that body. he was chosen as it« President. It was daring the session of this Convention at Cincinnati, in January, 1874, that the successive nominations of George H. Williams and Caleb Gushing for Chief Justice, to succeed Salmon P. Chase, de- ceased, were presented and withdrawn by President Grant. The third name communi- cated to the Senate was that of Mr. Waite, which was done without the knowledge of that gentleman, who had positively withheld his approval of any steps by his friends in that direction. The announcment of the nomina- tion was received by the Constitutional Con- vention with s])ecial demonstration of pleasure, and a resolution stronglj- approving the .same was at once introduced to that body, and by him, as its presiding oflScer, ruled out of order. The Senate, by unanimous vote, apjproved the nomination. It so happened that only a year previous to his appointment as ChiefJus'tice, Mr. AVaite was admitted to practice in the Su- preme Court, and upon the motion of Mr. Gushing. His appointment was received by the citizens of T(dedo with marks of special gratification. The Bar at once met and made expression both of approval and of its high ap- preciation of Mr. Waite'.-* personal and profes- sional wortli. A proposition for a banquet was, at his request, changed to an informal recep- tion, held at the residence of William Baker, Esq., Februarj- 3, 1874, which was attended by large numbers of citizens, glad to congratulate the appointee on the high honor conferred, and to assure him of their wish for success in his new position. He left Toledo for Washing- ton on the 13th of February, and assumed the office of Chief Justice by taking the prescribed oath, March 4th, following. He is now (No- vember, 1887) nearing the clo.se of his 14th year of service, in the full enjoyment of wonted mental and i)hysical capacities, and in eminent- ly- successful administration of the highest judicial position of the World. The capacity of mind and endurance, which throughout had distinguished his professional life, are only made more conspicuous and effective in his present position. The excessive labor de- manded for the research and studj- of facts, authorities and principles of jurisprudence, and their just aiiplication, could be properly met only with. resources to be supplied by long prac- tice of energy and self-denying toil ; and it may be mentioned here, for the benefit of young men in all departmentsof active life, that Chief Justice Waite recognizes in his present capacity for labor, the direct result and chief reward of the j^ears of severe work, without apparent re- turn, spent in his earl^- practice. The result has been all that he or the country could ask. During no equal period have adjudications of that august tribunal been attended with more complete success, either in the correctness of its decisions or in their acceptance by parties and the public. Its action has involved points of LUCAS BENCH AND BAR. 527 spocinl doliciu y in oonnection with eontrovertcil politifiil aiul cdiistitiitioiial (luostions ; with no instiinco in which the result was not promptly accejited as final and just. In this eonneelion will be aiiprojiriate the testimony of a niemher of the Supreme Court, fjivon after he had re- tired from that Bench. Of Cliicf .lustieo Waite, he said : Kroiu the day of his entrance into oHice as Chief Justice of the Siii>renie Court, he has l)ecn indefati- gable in the discbartre of its^jreat duties ; patient, in- dustrious and al)le. His aduiinistrative ul)ility is remarkable. None of bis jiredccessors more steadily and wisely supcrintcmlcd the Court, or more Ciire- fully observed all that is necessary to its workim;. IS\ilbinf; under his administration haslicen neglected (u- OYcrloukeil. lie bas wntti'U many of the most important decisions of the Court— too many to be particnlari/.cil. Among the more recent of his opin- ions, may bo mentioned tbo.se delivered in the cases of Antoni r.'j. Cireenbow, Louisiana vs. Jumel, and Elliott m. Wiltz— each of tbem involving questions arising under the Constitution of the United States. In notbiiiij; has ChicI Justice Waite more clearly indicated fitness for the office ho holds, than in the exalted estimate which he has over manifested of its grtive rc- 'sponsibilities and dinnitied character. Occasion for such nianif'estalion was fui-nishcd in ISTf). He then bad held the ]iosition of Chief Justice long enough for his special fitness therefor to become known. So high bad tbisa])preciation become at the date named, that the matter of his nomination for the Presidency came to be seriously canvassed in prominent and influen- tial quarters. This was specially true of many leading public journals. From the first sug- gestion of that sort, however, those most familial- with his real feelings and sentiments in regard to public life, could see no encourage- ment for yielding to — much less for co-opera- ting with — such movement. These knew too well his strong attachment to bis profession; his repugnance to the life of the jiolitical aspi- rant ; and his eminently conservative habit of mind, to find the slightest warrant for such suggestion. His friends did not have long to wait for the fullest justification of their assum]i- tion in the case. The matter having, in No- vember, 1875, been presented to him in such form as to invite definite response, he addressed to a relative, Hon. John T. Waite, member of Congress from Connecticut, a private letter, which afterwards, by request, he ])ermitted to be publisiied. In tliat h'tter he said: Of course, 1 am grateful to my friends for any efTorts in my l)ebalf;aiid no one ever bad frii'ucls more faithful or more indulgent. Hut do you think it quite rigid, for one occupying the lirsl judi<'iul position in the land, to permit the use of his name for political |)ositioii ? The oflico I bold came to me covered with honor; arul when I accepted it, my chief duty was, not to make it a stepping-stone to something else, but to preserve its purity, and if that might be to make my name as honorable as are those of my predecessors. No man ought to accept this place unless be take the vow to leave it as honorable as he found it. There ought never to be a necessity for rebuilding from below— all additinns should he above. In luy judgment, the Constitution might wisely have prohibited the election of a Chief Justice to the Presidency. Entertaining such view, could I projierly or consistently permit my name to be used for the |)i-omotion of a political condiination, as now suggest<'d ? If I should do .so, could I at all times and in all cases remain an unhia.sed .ludfie in the estimation of the jjcople ? There cannot be a doubt that in these days of politico-judicial questions, it would be specially dangerous to have a Judge who could look beyond the Judiciary in his personal ambition. The Supreme Court is now, I believe, justly regarded as a sheet-anchor of the Nation. Will it continue such, if its (.'hief Justice be placed in the political wbirli)oori' My friend, consider these things, and tell me if you really think I ought to permit my name to be used as suggested by you. If you do, I do not. This ox]ire8sion of the views and purpose of the Chief Justice was conclusive in the case, utterlv ])lacing him then and thereafter outside all jiolitical combinations. While it was no suriirise to those personally acquainted with him, the public use then made of it was deemed due alike to him and to the country. In view of previous events, then fresh in the public mind, it was specially ]iroper that such position of the ineumbent of that high office upon the imjiorlani question raised, should be made known, to the end that it might aid in stimu- lating and making more clear and fixed the sentiment already so general against ])olitieal aspirations among members ol the National Judiciary. It was justly regarded as no small thing, for the American j)eople to be assured that the gentleman then recently called to the head of that branch of their (Government could not be tempted from his high position of iiule])eiidence and eminent uselulness by the glitterof political preferment, though never so attractive. Such timely action will over stand as a protest from the (juarter most effective for good, against such prostitution of the National Judiciary. Chief Justice Waite, throughout bis life, has had clear convictions on i-eligious sul>jects, and for many years past has been a communicant, and for HI years an active Vestryman in the Protestant Kpiscopal Cliurch. His interest in whatever concerned the moral or material well-being of his fellow- men has always been actively shown in such ways as occasions have ottered. During the War of the Rebellion no one in Northwestern Ohio contributed more toward the support of the Government in maintaining a loyal seiiti- nicnt, in raising recruits and in caring for Soldiers and their families, than did he. Chief .lustiec Waite was married Sei)tembor 21, 1S4(), with Miss Amelia C, daughter of Samuel Seidell Warner, of Ij^'nie, a descendant of Colonel Seidell of Revolutionary record. Five children have boon born to them — Henry Sei- dell, who liied in Toledo, A])ril 10, 187:5, leav- ing a wife and two sons ; Christopher ('., now 528 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Vice President and General Manager of the Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton Eailroad, Cincinnati ; Edward T., of the law firm of E. & E. T. Wnite, Toledo ; Miss Mary F., of Wash- ington, I). C; and one which died in infancy. JOHN H. DOYLE was born in Perry County, Ohio, April 23, 1843. His parents were married in Providence, Lucas County, in 1831, removed to Perry County in 1842, and returned to Toledo in 1846, where the father died in 1852. The mother is still living with her son, in Toledo. Judge Doyle was ed- ucated in the Public Schools of Toledo, and a short time at Dennison Universit}', Granville, Ohio. He studied law, first with General H. S. Commager, and afterwards with Edward Bissell, Jr. He was admitted to the Bar April 23, 1864, on his 21st birthday, and on the same day entered into partnership witii Mr. Bissell, thus getting a fair start in his profession at his majority. His career from that time has been rapid and brilliant. As a J'oung lawyer, he soon acquired a rej)utation for legal knowl- edge and unusual powers as an advocate. He exhibited great skill and energy in the conduct of various important and difficult cases in which he was counsel. One of these may be men- tioned as an illustration of his peculiar genius in searching out and establishing hidden evi- dence, upon which a great case often turns. This was a case involving the title to 160 acres of land in the heart of the City of Toledo, valued at over a million dollars. The claimants were the heirs of one Ford, a Soldier of the War of 1812, who was then living at Fell's Point, in or near Baltimore, Maryland. The case hinged on the legitimacy of a daughter, who, it was alleged, was born while the said Ford was a prisoner of war at Plymouth, Eng- land, and was illegitimate. Mr. Doyle spent a large portion of the Winter and Spring of 1874 and Summer of 1875 in Maryland and in the District of Columbia, taking testimony in this important case. The final result was, that he established the legiti- macy of the child, and hence the title of his clients. The partnership with Mr. Bissell was continued till 1879, when Mr. Doyle was elected on the Eepublican ticket as Judge of the Jiidicial District embracing Lucas, Sandusky, Ottawa, Huron and Erie Counties. Such was his standing in the profession that his candidacy was unanimously recommended by the Toledo Bar. He soon distinguished himself on the Bench, and in 1882 was nominated bv the Ee- publican State Convention for Judge of the Supreme Court, when he was defeated, with his party, though running ahead of his ticket by several thousand votes in the district of his residence, and by 1,600 in his own County. In February, 1883, he was appointed by Gov- ernor Foster to a seat on the Supreme Bench, to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Judge Longworth, and served one year. At the Convention of 1883 the Eepublicaus again nominated him for the full term, but the party was again defeated that year. Judge Doyle resumed the practice of his profession in Toledo in 1884, and still continues with a large and successful business, being now the senior of the firm of Dojde, Scott & Lewis. He is in the prime of life, with ample resources derived both from study and experience , and with a vigorous and well-trained in tellect, good health and habits of indus- try, he is able to accomplish much in his profession. His knowledge of the law and of judicial pi-ooeedings places him in the front rank of the jurists of the State. Besides, he is courteous and genial, a lover of good literature, and highlj- esteemed both in social and private life. Politically, he is a Eepublican, and has been a member of the First Congregational Church of Toledo since 1868. He was one of the organizers of the Toledo Library Associa- tion, now the Free Librarj^ of Toledo, and was Chairman of the Lecture Committee of that Association for six years. In 1865, in connec- tion with Hon. DeWitt Davis, of Milwaukee, he assisted in organizing the Northwestern Lec- ture Bureau at Chicago, of which he was Secre- tary for several years. Judge Doyle was commissioned during the War of the Eebellion as Lieutenant in the Sixty-Seventh Eegiment Ohio Volunteers, at request of his old preceptor. Judge Commager; but before mustering, was prostrated bj" severe sickness, which kept him at home and prevented acceptance of the ap- pointment. He was then but 18 years of age. In the Home-work for the LTnion cause, he was active, as shown in the history of that dejjai't- ment of the service elsewhere given. In 1886, he was appointed bj' Governor Foraker one of the Trustees of the Toledo Asylum for the In- sane, now in course of construction, where the detached cottage plan, which Judge Doyle urged in preference to all others, was adojited. He was married October 6, 1868, to Miss Alice Fuller Skinner, daughter of Dr. S. W. Skinner, formerly of Windsor, Connecticut, and now of Toledo, who is a descendant of the Wolcottand Ellsworth families of Connecticut,of which Chief Justice Ellsworth and Governor Wolcott were members. Three daughters — Elizabeth Wol- cott, Grace Alice, and Helen Genevieve — have been born of this marriage. EMERY D. POTTER was born in Provi- dence County, Ehode Lsland, in 1804. He is a son of Abraham Potter, a farmer, who removed to Otsego County, New York, in 1806. The father's circumstances were not such as to pro- vide the son with more than very limited edu- cational advantages in childhood. As the re- siilt of persistent effort, however, the latter ere long was encouraged to expect a Collegiate course, in which he was disapjiointed, and was '^'K^^-'^ -O^^y^- — : '!'» LUCAS BENCH AND BAR. 529 compelled, without such advantage, to enter upon preparation for the chosen profession of the law. This he did in the office of John A. Dix and Abner Cook, Jr., two able lawyers at Cooperstown, New York, the former having subsequently been Governor of New York, United States Senator from that State, and Secretary of Treasury in Buchanan's Adminis- tration. Completing his studies, Mr. Potter was admitted to practice in New York ; but soon deciding to make his home in the West, he left for Toledo, where he arrived in the Winter of 1834-5. He there found afield not the most in- viting, in some respects, for an ambitious young man ; but one which he was not long in turn- ing to the best account. His qualities as a lawyer soon became known, while his active participation in public and political affairs gave him special prominence and influence. In 1838 he was the Postmaster at Toledo, and in 1839 was elected by the Legislature as President Judge of the Common Pleas Court for the Thirteenth Judicial District of Ohio, embracing 10 Counties and covering North- western Ohio entire. Without public means of any sort for convejance, he was compelled to travel from County to County wholly on horseback, and largelj' through a dense wilder- ness, often in the absence of bridges compelled to swim streams, and resort to methods of travel almost wholly unknown to the present genera- tion in the same sections. In 1843 he was nominated by the Democrats and elected to Congress from the District made up largeh of the "territory embraced within the Judicial Circuit. In Congress he at once took promi- nent position, serving with John Quincy Adams on the Select Committee on the Smithson will, whose action led to the founding of the Smith- sonian Institute. In 1847 Judge Potter was elected as Representative in the Ohio Legisla- ture, where he acted largelj' as leader of the Democratic side of the House. In October, 1848, lie was elected to the Thirty -first Con- gress, where he took a specially prominent part in the long struggle for Speaker, receiving at different times 78 votes for that office. He was made Chairman of the Committee on Post- Offices and Post Roads, and as such was the author of the bill of 1851, providing for cheap postage and the coinage of three-cent coin. At the close of this term in Congress, he resumed the practice of the law. In 1857 he was appointed Judge of the Federal Court of Utah, but declined the honor on account of business interests requiring his presence in Toledo. In 1859 he was appointed Collector of Customs for the Toledo District, serving until 1861. He was elected as Senator in the Ohio Legislature in 1873, serving until 1875. During that term he was influential in securing the enactment of the law providing, at the expense of the State, for the propagation of Fishes in Ohio, and was appointed as Superintendent of Fish-hatching in the State. To his personal attention and good management, the successful introduction and establishment of that policy by the State are largely due. Judge Pottci'was niarried in 1843 with" Miss Mary A. Card, at Willoughby, who died in 1847, leaving one son, Emery D. Potter, Jr., now a prominent member of the Lucas County Bar. He was subsequently married with Miss Anna B. Milliken, of Penn- sylvania, who, with one daughter, Anna Claire, is now living. CHARLES W. HILL was born July 7, 1812, at Starksboro, Addison County, Vermont He was of Yankee stock, his ancestors, on both sides, having descended from the pioneers of New England. When he was six j^ears of age, the family came to the Western Reserve, Ohio, where he enjoyed the educational advantages common to farmers' children 70 years ajjo. At about the age of 22 he entered Oberlin College, which then had hardlyass\imed a position among the few educational institutions of the West. There with means secured by manual labor, and by teaching School winters, he was able to remain (or one year. Early in 1836. at the age of 24, he came to Toledo, and ere long secured a position as clerk in the store of Charles G. McKnight, in the frame buildini,' yet standing, 343-347 Summit Street. Not finding himself adapted to mercantile life, he soon turned his attention to the legal profession, and while yet pursuing other employment, entered upon the study of the law with the aid of Daniel O. Morton, and was admitted to practice in Jan- uary, 1839, and the firm of Tilden i»t Hill was formed in October of that year, succeed- ing that of Tilden & Osborn, Henry Bennett soon being added to the firm. Upon the election of Mr. Tilden as Judge, in 1843, Hill & Bennett assumed the business, who ere lonj; werejoined by C. E. Perigo, Charles Pratt soon thereaiter becoming a partner. The firm of Hill k Pratt continued for many years, and until 1870, when Avery S. Hill became associated with his father in practice. As a lawyer, Mr. Hiil'sposition was an enviable one. He was from an early period in his practice recognized as one of the foremost members of the Bar. No one excelled, if any equaled, his exhaustive work in the prepara- tion of his cases. As was said by a prominent member of the Bar, he sometimes seemed to be " over-prepared " — a result of his indefatigable industry and facility for research. As an ad- vocate he was specially successful. From very early life, he indicated a strong tendency to military affairs, and as early as 1840 he became the Captain of the Toledo C4uards,and in June, 1842, was elected Brigadier General of the First Brigade, Eighteenth Division, Ohio Militia. In different ways he was active in maintaining and developing a general interest in the Militia. As elsewhere stated, he organized the Public School Cadets in 1856, and directed the same 530 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. for several years, and until the outbreak of th e Rebellion in 18(n,when as Brigadier General, by appointment of Governor Dennison, lie en- tered llio military scM-vice of the United States, servinii' in West Virifinia in command of Ohio troops under General MfClellan. He was as- sii^ned to highly iin]iortant service in a district extending from Parkersburg and Wheeling to Gheat Kiver, having 250 miles of line to defend with a greatly inadequate force. In the dis- charge of such severe duty, he was prompt and watchful, obeying orders with all energy and eft'ect consistent "ith the means at his com- mand. And yet, from lack of proper co-opera- tion by the commanding officer, or from mis- understanding of the real situation, there once occurred a want of timely offensive move- ment, which resulted materially to the advan- tage of the enemy. The attempt then made to throw the responsibility on General Hill, was both su.spicious in its source and wanting in requisite proof General McClellan never made the ex])lanation of the situation which General Hill most confidently expected from him. On the expiration of the term of service of the Ohio troopis in West Virginia, in August, 1861, General Hill was assigned as Commandant at Camp Chase, Columbus, then a rendezvous for Ohio Volunteers for organization, equipment and discipline, as well as for confinement of prisoners of War. General Hill's duties there included the instruction of Volunteer officers in matters of tactics and general discipline. Among the persons thus instructed by him, were Colonel James A. Garfield of the Forty- Second Ohio, and Major Wager Swayne of the Forty-Third Ohio Eegiment." In 18(J2-6H Gen- eral Hill performed hii;hly important service as Adjutant General of Ohio, under Governor Tod, a capacitj^ for which his qualities of in- dustry and attention to details, specially gave him. During his service there, no less than 310 Eegiments and Battalions of State Militia were organized and their officers instructed in their respective duties. Beside his severe office labors, he spent much time in attendance on Camps of Instruction at different points in the State, where his superior qualities as organizer and disciplinarian were of special service. As a direct result of such service, Ohio was placed abreast the most forward of loj-al States in both the extent and promptness of her response to the pressing demands of the Government for troops. This was specially the case in the Sjiring of 1864, when, on call of the Pi-esideut for 100,000 men for 100 days, to meet the great emergency of that time, Ohio was enabled to send forward 30,000 of that quota within 48 hours of such call. So seriously was General Hill's health affected, that he sought more activity in the field. His services were con- tinued at Columbus until the 128th Ohio In- fantry Regiment was organized late in 1863, which command was sent to Johnson's Island, Sandusky Bay, for garrison service at the United States Military Prison, to which Regiment General Hill was assigned. His duties there were delicate, important and severe — all which were dis- charged in a manner to challenge the uni- form commendation of the Government. As Banker of the Prison, he bad charge of the de- posits of an average of 3,000 Rebel-Officer pris- oners of War, which were cared for to the sat- isfaction of all. The matter of his promotion was repeatedly suggested, but he declined such action until his West Virginia record should be dulj^ investigated. This was finally done, and in 1865, he received the commission of Brigadier-General, and was brevetted as Major General. At the close of the War he returned to Toledo and to the practice of his jirofession, which was continued until impaired health forced a relinquishment of active work. With all that has been said of General Hill's activity in his profession and in military affairs, his most important work was in connection with the Public Schools of Toledo. His interest in educational means was early indicated. Thus, upon the organization, in 1838, of the pioneer Lj'ceum of Toledo, he was made its Seci'etary ; and when that was practically merged into the Young Men's Association he became prominent in the management of the latter. He was a member of the Board of Education at almost the outset of the first systematic attempt at Free Schools. In 1851, but two years after such movement, lie waselected to that yiosition, holding the same for 30 years, and serving as President for 21 years of such time, declining a re-election to the Board in 1880. From the first, his interest in the Schools was so absorb- ing as sometimes wholly to engross his time and thoughts, to the serious neglect of personal affairs. Most of the School buildings now in the City were erected during his service, to the planning and construction of which he de- voted special attention. So, too, in the general management of the Schools, in the necessary changes in School laws, and in all ways where- by the system could be made successful and useful, he was constant and assiduous. At a High School commencement, several years since, a prominent citizen said, that " if any man in Toledo was entitled to have a monu- ment erected to his memory here, that man was Charles W. Hill, for his promotion of the Public School system of the City." A sentiment, so en- tirely just, has not as yet been acted upon. To all that has here been said, should be added mention of the constant interest taken bj' General Hill in the general affairs of his fellow- citizens In the City Government, and es- pecially as an active member of the City Coun- cil, he made himself useful for many years. No more watchful guard of the public rights was found in that body, in which capacity he was frequently brought into coU'sion with special Jl ^ ir t "••■ .1 16. LUCAS BENCH AND BAR. 531 interests, sometimes backed by combinations more or less secret, which challenged deter- mined opposition. He never was known to be a member of a " ring " of any sort ; but rather the consistent of)ponent of " rings." It is deemed entirely safe here to state, that in the history ot Toledo no other man has devoted to the common welfare as mnch of time and labor without reward of any sort, as did General Hill. He was married twice, and left three children of his first wife — Aver}- S., who adopted and yet follows the profession of his father; Mrs. Sophie L. Peekham, the eldest daughter; and Mary B., wife of Henry D. Pierce, formerly Principal of Junior High School, now a member of the Toledo Board of Education, and the manager of the Producers' Marble Company. GEORGE RANDOLPH HAYNES, Lawyer, ot Toledo, was born at Monson, Massachusetts, January 24, 1828. His father, George Haj^nes, was born at Brinitield, Massachusetts; and his mother, Mary D. Ford, near Hartford, Con- necticut, both being of English descent. In 1831), the family came to Ohio, settling on a farm in Bronson Township, Huron County. The son's first educational privileges were those of New England, and were improved until ex- changed for the more limited advantages of the West. From his twelfth to his seventeenth year, his attendance at School w^as confined to winter terms, the balance of the \ ear being spent in farm work with his father. In 1845 he was enabled to attend Norwalk Seminary, where he remained for five years, meantime contributing to his support bj' teaching School from time to time, whereby he was even more substantially benefited in the practical knowl- edge of life therebj" gained. His School edu- cation completed, he at once sat about prepara- tion for his chosen life-work — the profession of the law. To this end, in 1850, he entered the office of John Whitbeck, Esquire, at Norwalk, spending one year there; when he went to Fi-emont, Ohio, and in the office of Judge Lucius B. Otis (now of Chicago), completed his preparatory studies in January, 1852, when he was admitted to the Bar, and soon com- menced the practice of his pirofession at that place, remaining there two years, for one of which he acted as Prosecuting Attorney for Sandusky Count}-. In 1854 became to Toledo, which has since been his home. In 18G1 he was elected as Prosecuting Attorney for Lucas County, serving for three years. Subsequently he w-as chosen as City Solicitor of Toledo, in which position his industry and legal ability were specially valuable to the City. In 1883 he was nominated by the Eepublican Judicial Convention as a candidate for Judge of Com- mon Pleas Court for the Sub-District comprising the Counties of Lucas, Ottawa, Sandusky, Erie and Huron. At the election, the adverse (Democratic) majority on Governor in the Dis- trict, was 4,868, that in Lucas County being 1,784. In the fiice of such remarkable showing, Mr. Haynes received a small majority in the District, and upon the returns was given the certificate of election. His majoritj- in liucas County w-as 2,237 — a gain there of 4,021 over the Republican candidate for Governor. A contest ensued before the State Senate, where, upon a partisan division of that body, the seat was accorded to the contestor. Upon the es- tablishment bj- the State Legislature of Circuit Courts, in 1884, Judge Haynes was chosen as one of the three Judges for the Sixth Circuit, consisting of the ('ounlies of Lucas, Ottawa, Sandusky, Brie, Huron, Lorain, fkiyahoga, Me- dina and Summit ; and in the allotment of terms he succeeded to that of six years. This position he has held with special ability and general satisfaction. In his political affiliations Judge Haynes was origiuallj- a Democrat, with which partj- he acted until the issue of the maintenance of Freedom and the extension of Slavery challenged the choice of the citizen, when he joined in the movement which resulted in the organization of the Republican party, with which he has since actively co-operated. While in no sense a place-seeker or ambitious of prominence, he has sought in all suitable ways to promote the princi])les and policy of that organization. In 1872 he was chosen as Presidential Elector for the Toledo Congres- sional District, casting his vote in the State Electoral College for the re-election of Ulysses S. Grant. The professional character and standing of Judge Haynes are best indicated by the repeated and marked recognition of the same by the Bar and the people most fully qualified to judge. For nearly 25 years he has been an active member of the First Congrega- tional Church, Toledo ; while in the different directions open to the citizen, he has been identified with whatever movement promised the moral and intellectual well-being of his fellow -men. Of his father's family, he and his mother only survive, the latter at the advanced age of 82years, now residing with him. He was married at Toledo, October 14, 1857, with Miss Anne Raymond, a native of the State of New York. Of four children born to them, two (daughters) are now living. REUBEN C. LEMMON. In presenting a biographical sketch of one in mid-career of an active life, we are necessarilj- restrained from expressions of commendation which the subject would inspire were we writing of a man whose race was run and his journey ended. We therefore give but a historical narrative of oneof tlie respected and conspicu- ous citizens of Toledo, Reuben C. Lemmon, a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. His ancestors were of English nativity, and settled in the State of Maryland and in Somerset Co., 632 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. New Jcrse_y, prior to the Revolution, in which a number ofthein participated witli distinguished braver}-. His tiitber, Charles Lemmon, was born in Baltimore County, Maryland, in 1780. Early in lite lie removed to Yariek, Seneca County, Now York, where he married in 1821, Miss "Hannah Compton. Of these parents, the subject of this sketch was born, May 12, 1825. Here, and previously, his father, although a boot and shoe maker by trade, engaged in farming. In 1837 the jjarents, with a family- of 12 children, removed to Sen- eca County, Ohio, where his father engaged in farming until his death, in 1811. The educa- tion of the son consisted of the usual attendance during the Winter months at the District School, while the Summer portion of the year was spent in work upon the farm. Early in life he resolved to become a Lawyer, and in 1845, the more thoroughly to prepare him to begin his legal studies, he went to Norwalk, Huron County, and lor one year attended the Seminary at that place, and for one year fol- lowing the Presbyterian Academj' at Granville, Licking CountJ^ In 1847 he began the study of law at Tyrone, Steuben County, New York, with a lawyer by the name of Hill, with whom he remained one year. After this date he con- tinued his legal studies under the direction of General Joel W. Wilson, of Tiffin, Ohio, at which place he was admitted to the Bar in July, 1850. The following Spring he opened a law office in Fulton County, Ohio, and remained there one year. In September, 1852, he formed a partnership with the late H. S. Commager, and removed to MaumeeCit}-, then the County- seat of Lucas County. Here he remained until the establishment at Toledo of the County-seat, when he removed to this City. His legal at- tainments soon won for him a merited high position among the members of the Toledo Bar, and in 18G1 he was elected Prosecuting Attor- ney for the County. In 1860 his partnership with Mr. Comniiiger was dissolved. In 1867 he formed a partnership with J. R. Seney, which continued until 1869, when Mr. Seney was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. After this, Mr. Lemmon was in practice alone until 1874. He then was elected to the position he now so ablj' fills, having since been twice elected. In the Masonic fraternity, with which Judge Lemmon has been long connected, he has taken the warmest interest. He first joined Toledo Lodge in 1855, and a year after Fort Meigs Chapter, and subsequently To ledo Council, and Toledo Commanderv. In 1875 and 1876 he was elected Grand' High Priest of the Grand Chapter of Ohio, and in 1879 and 1880 Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ohio. For several years he has been Treasurer of the General Grand Chapter of the United States. Judge Lemmon was married in November, 1850, to Amelia Armstrong, of Bellevue, Sandusky County, Ohio, who died in 1857. One child, Charles H. Lemmon, was born to them, who at present is practicing law in Toledo. In 1859 Judge Lemmon married his present wife at London, England. Prior to his accession to the Bench, Judge Lemmon was engaged in a general line of legal practice, in which his studious habits and a mind particu- liarly qualified for his profession, he won a high degree of success. He inspired confidence and trust by his honoi-able methods and conscien- tious devotion to the interests of his clients. The best evidence of the popular feeling in his honesty and ability, is tlie successive years he has been elected to the judicial office by the suffrages of the people, in which position he has discharged his duties to the gratification of the entire Bar. His experience renders business easy and familiar to him, and he gives it dis- patch witliout undue haste. He comes to his opinions, decisions and rulings with charac- teristic promptness, directness and clearness. Partiality or prejudice, fear or favor, or the appi'ehension of consequences personal to him- self, have never exercised the slightest influence over his deliberations. This we believe to be the opinion not only of the Bar, but the people, concerning Judge Lemmon. "WIIjLIAM baker, Lawyer, son of Hon. Timothy Baker, was born at Norwalk, Ohio, February 5, 1822. His father was a native of Massachusetts, and removed to Ohio in 1818, settling at Norwalk, which continued to be his residence until his death in 1878. From his advent to the new Western settlements, he was active and prominent in the development of the countrj' and the promotion of its material and moral well-being. Although not a Lawyer, he served for 21 years (three terms) as Associ- ate Judge of Huron Common Pleas, much of that time as the most prominent and active of the three Associates. The son pursued his earlier studies at home, chiefly at Norwalk Academy ; whence he went to Granville Col- lege (now Dennison LTniversity), where he was graduated with honors in 1841. Pursuing the study of the law for a year with Goddard and Converse, Zanesville, Ohio, he entered the Law School of Harvard University in 1842, in which the late Joseph Story and Professor Simon Greenleaf were instructors. Here he was graduated, with the Bachelor's Degree, in the Spring of 1844. At the age of 22, he came to Toledo in November of the same year, and there entei-ed upon the practice of his pro- fession, opening an office in Mott's Block, cor- ner of Summit and Monroe Streets. It so happened, that bis adviuit here was contem- poraneous with the entrance of Toledo upon the era of prosperity caused by the long-de- layed opening of the Wabash and Erie Canal ; which favorable condition was bj- him turned to special account. The first year of his prac- tice was one of exceptional success in the char- K LUCAS BENCH AND BAR. 538 acter, no less than in the amount, of business coming to him, which was so conducted as to give him specially favorable ]iosition at the Bar. He was alone in ])raclice until lSi7, when he entered into ])artnership with Hon. Myron H. Tilden, who at that time resigned the position of President Judge of Common Pleas Court for this Ciix-uit. In 1850, Judge Tilden removed to Cincinnati, when the part- nership was dissolved. In 1857 Mr. Baker became associated in practice with William A. Collins, Esq., which connection continued until the election of the latter, in 1870, as Judge of Common Pleas. For the following 10 years, Mr. Baker was again alone in practice. In 1880, his youngest son, Rufus H. Baker, then graduated at Columbia College Law School, became associated with him : as did Barton Smith, Esq., in 1881, the firm then becoming Baker, Smith and Baker, as it still continues. Mr. Baker's practice, from the first, has been not only large and sticce.ssful, but chiefly in the direction of real estate and commercial law and equity, for which classes of business his sound judgment, thorough reading and methodical liabits of mind and action specially fit him ; to all which was added recognized integrity and ])r()mptness in all matters entrusted to his hands. These qualities earl3' brought him in confidential relations with men and corporate bodies representing large property interests. As the agent of such, largelj' in the East, he has loaned and looked after vast sums of money, whereby he was enabled, while placing capital productively, to secure to Toledo large amounts of means for profitable employment. Mr. Baker's constant close attention to his profession and other business, has not made him unmindful of the claims upon him of his fellow citizens. Illustrating in his daily life the strictest rules of personal demeanor, he has ever been ready to co-operate with others in the promotion of the principles and practice of the same. One of the original members of the First Bai>tist Church, Toledo, he has from the start been an office-bearer and liberal supporter of that organization, and has been active in other agencies for the promotion of the moral and religious welfare of the community. And so, in local enterprises for the material benefit of Toledo, he has ever borne his part. lie was prominently active in the construction of the Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland (now Lake Shore) Railroad He was actively identified with the organization and construction of the Wabash Railway, of which Corapanj- he was from the first and for 15 years a Director. He has been pi'ominently identified with the pro- motion of the manufacturing interests of To- ledo, and especially in connection with the Milburn Wagon VVorks, with the start and management of which he has been actively con- nected, while he has rendered substantial aid to other enterprises of the same general class. Politically, he was a Whig from the time of becoming a voter until that party was merged into the Re]nibli(an |>arty, with wliich he has since acted. While earnest and active in that relation, he never has been a seeker for office or personal prominence of any sort ; but con- tent to meet the responsibilities and duties of citizenship in private ways. As a loyal citizen of the United States, he did wi)at he could toward sustaining the Government during its struggle with the Rebellion. His position in that respect, was indicated in 1804, upon the organization of the Toledo Branch of the United vStates Christian Commission, in the interest of the Soldiers of the Union, when the representa- tives of the leading Churches of the City selected him as the Presitlent of that organiza- tion. Through the various channels open for pecuniary contributions to the well-being of his fellow-citizens, he has always been ready to do his full share. Mr. Baker's literary quali- ties, amid the constant pressure of business pursuits, have never haSponcer, President of the College, but commenced practice at Chittenango for a time shortly thereafter. From ('hitteuango he went to Manlius, and in 1834 came to Port Law- rence Township, living for a short time in a log-house, the site now being the corner of Monroe Street and Detroit Avenue. Shortly thereafter he moved into the Vistula I)ivision of Toledo, and located a Drug Store on Cherry Street, near the corner of Superior. This was soon abandoned, as there were not peo])le enough in that neighborhood to make the undertaking a financial success. Having al- ways had a natural taste for farming, he pur- chased a farm near his old home on Monroe Street, and moved there, continuing for some years the practice of his profession ; but find- 546 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. ing the labor too severe, he finally retired en- tirely from the work, and remained upon the farm until his death, in 1874, aged 69 years. Dr. Bush was twice married — the first wife being Miss Margaret Tubbs. wliose daughter is now Mrs. E. E. Eiehards. The second wife was Miss Frances E. Whitney, who bore him several ciiildren. tliree of whom are livinir — Mrs. Colonel Nathaniel Haughton, Mrs. Wm. H. Bishop, and Mrs. Adolph Schansenbach, all of this city. Dr. Bush was one of the most popular and successful physicians in the early days of Toledo. As a man and neighbor, he was greatly esteemed, and had the confidence of all who knew him. Dr. Alexander Anderson, an eminent physi- cian, commenced the practice of medicine in New Philadelphia, Ohio, but soon thereafter removed to Fremont, tlien called Lower San- dusky. There he practiced from 1826 to 1842, when he removed with his family to Maumee, thus entitling him to rank as one of the pio- neer physicians of this County. As one of the leading physicians of that time, he was suc- cessful. His genial manner and wonderful magnetism rarely failed to inspire hope and confidence. Though never a resident of Toledo, his practice was divided between the two places. In the year 184!t, in company with James B. Steedman and others, he " crossed the plains " for California, in which trip he encountered hardship and found " all was not gold that glitters." Having accumulated money, he returned to Maumee ; but not being content to remain, he went back to California. Being interested in some mines in Mexico, he took his family to New Albany, Indiana, and went to Mexico to look after his interests there. Having accumulated enough to satisfy him, he started on his journey homeward, but was stricken with disease, and in the year 1862, in a strange land, surrounded bj' friends, he passed to "the bourne whence no traveler returns." A daughter of Dr. Anderson (Mrs. Don A. Pease) still resides in Toledo, and to her the writer is indebted lor the foregoing sketch of his lile. Mr.s. John J. Manor is also a daughter of Dr. Anderson. Dr. Horace A. Acklej' was born in Gene- see County, New York, in 1805. He removed to Elba, in the Western part of that State, when a boy, and studied in both the Common Schools and the Academy. He began the studj' of medicine with Dr. Billings, and con- tinued it under Dr. Coats, of Batavia. He was graduated at Fairfield, New York, under Dr. Delamater. in 1S33, and went to Rochester, New York, remaining there a short time, giving a course of lectures on anatomy at that time. In the Spring of 1835, he came West, and settled at Akron, Ohio. In the Winter of 1835-36 he gave his first course of lectures in the Medical College at Willoughby. In the Summer of 1836 he located in Toledo. In 1837 he entered into partnership with Dr. Geo. E. Perkins, and so remained until he removed to Cleveland in 1839. He was appointed to the chair of Surgery in the Medical College at Cleveland, which position he retained until 1855, when he resigned on account of failing health. In the 3'ear 1849, when the cholera in its worst form visited Sandusky, he went thither with his students, and remained until the cholera had abated. Although Dr. Ackley lived 10 years thereafter, he never was the ro- bust man he was before enduring the labor attendant upon his practice in Sandusky. When returning from a vi.sit to Detroit, April 21, 1854, he was taken severely ill with j^neumonia, and died on the 24th, being 49 j^ears and 9 months old. Dr. Man ley Bostwlck was the oldest son of Shelburn and Mercy Smith Bostwick, and was born January 29. 1810, in Maidius, New York. His father removed to Ohio with his family in the Summer of 1828, and located on a new farm in Geauga County. Manley re- mained at home, assisting his father clearing up the fiirm, until his 21st birthday, when he went to School at Concord. In the fall of 1831 he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Gorham, and continued it under Dr. Sherwood, of Unionville. Havina; received license to practice Medicine and Surgerj' from the Medi- cal Society of Northwestern Ohio, he went to Jefferson, and afterward to Toledo, arriving at the last-named place in May, 1836. He soon enteretl into partnership with Dr. Mosher. The}' dissolved partnership in 1838, and after practicing alone for several years, he became a partner of Dr. Jacob Clark. Dr. Bostwick married Ophelia Atkins, of Jefferson, Ohio, May 25, 1837. They had four children- one daughter and three sons. Frank L., the youngest, is the only one now living. Mrs. Bostwick still lives, and it is to her the writer is indebted for the foregoing statements. Dr. Bostwick died April 27, 1849. His body now lies in Forest Cemetery. His death was the result of a fall from his horse. Dr. Chas. McLean was uring this period lie was stationed near Washington, 1). C, South of the Potomac Eiver. So well did lie perform his duties, that when the Eegimenl was mustered out, he received a Brevet commission as Lieu- tenant-Colonel for efficient and meritorious sei-vice. In January, 1866, Dr. Skinner re- moved with his family to Toledo, where he has since been engaged in a general medical prac- tice, and wliere he has justly gained a high rejjutation for professional attainments, and as a public spirited citizen. For several years he served as Health Officer of the City, and for many years ho has been a Consulting Surgeon of si. Vincent Hospital. He is a member of the State Medical Society and of the Toledo Medical Association. Dr. Skinner was formerlj' a Whig in polities, but since 185() he has been a staunch Republican. While taking a warm interest in all that pertains to good government in City, State and Nation, he has never been a seeker after political preferment. Of a retiring disposition. Dr. Skinner has never striven to gain public notoriety. He is a man of culture, and well advised on the advance of medical practice for the last half centurj'. Of kindly sympathies, he is esteemed in the community in which he resides, not less for his unostenta- tious character, than for his professional stand- ing. Dr. Skinner was married September 16, 1846, with Doriannie Fuller, of Hampton, Con- necticut, a lineal descendant of Dr. Samuel Fuller, known to history as the " Beloved Phy- sician of the Maj'flower." Four children have been born to them, all of whom are now living, and in order of births are as follows: Helen, born September 21, 1847, now widow of Chas. M. Dimmick ; Alice, born February 24, 1849, the wife of Judge John H. Doyle, of Toledo ; Edward B., bo"rn February 24, 1852, Book- keeper for Maclaren & Sprague; and Samuel W. Jr., born October 8, 1861, Book-keeper for Milburn Wagon Works. CALVIN HAMILTON REED, M. D., is a son of George and Martha (Morgan) Eeed, and was born near Milfbrd Center, in Union County, Ohio, November 20, 1840, on a farm where his grandfather settled in 1800, as one of the ear- liest pioneers of that section. Young Eeed knew from actual toil the hard work of a far mer's boy. Until his 18th year, his education was limited to the country District School ; but he evinced a taste for literary pursuits, and under these unfavorable advantages made rapid progress in his studies. His parents beinw unable to keep him in School, he was compelled to begin teaching to provide the necessary money for obtaining an education. Fi-om the age of 18 until his 20th year, he taught School during the Winter months and worked on the farm during the Summer. In 1860, with the money his own exertions bad gained, he entered the Marysville Academy. While there he responded to President Lincoln for troops in 1863, and enlisted for three months, serving as Corporal in Company E, Kighty-Sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantr\-. Most of the time he was stationed at Clarksbui'g, West Virginia. He remained with the Regiment until the expir- ation of its period of enlistment. A iter his return he entei-ed the Ohio Wesleyan Univer- sity at Delaware, where, bj' teaching a pai-t ot the time, he succeeded at the end of fiiur years in finishing his literary education. Duringthe Summer of 1865 he taught School at Milford Centre, and in the fall began the study of med- icine in the office of Dr. John W. Hamilton, Professor of Surgery in Starling Medical Col- lege at Columbus. Here he attended three courses of lectures at the Starling Medical Col- lege, from which he was graduated in 1868. He then came to Toledo, where, for 19 years, he has been engaged in an active and growing practice. Dr. Eeed is identified with the various Societies pertaining to his profession, being a member of the Toledo, the State and the Northwestern Ohio Medical Associa- tions. He was one of the organizers of the To- ledo School of Medicine, in 1878, in which he lectured on obstetrics from that time until the reorganization of the School as the Northwes- tern Ohio Medical College, when he v^'as elected to the chair of Professor of Obstetrics, a posi- tion he still holds. W^hile he has devoted his time to the demands of a general practice, he has made the branch of obstetrics a special feature, to which he has given much time and attention. The doctor has occasionally contrib- uted to medical literature. Among other pajjers is a report in the American Practitioner, of 1876, of a case of connate gangrene, contradict- ing the accepted theories in relation to this dis- ease, and which so far as known, is the onlj- well authenticated case on record. In 1878 he con- tributed an article to the State Medical Society on " Quinine, a prophylactic in Scarlet Fever," published in the proceedings of the society, a subject which has since attracted the atten- tion of the profession. Outside his professional duties, he has also given much attention to the educational affairs of the City, hav- ing served for several terms as a member of the Board of Education. In 1883 he declined a nomination, Init in 1885 was again elected. The large majorities received by him whenever a candidate is the best testimonial of his popu- larity and the strongest endorsement of the manner in which he discharged his duties. He is a member of the order of United Workmen, the Knights of Pythias and the Masonic Order. In the Knights of Pythias he is Past Chancel- lor, also a member of the Grand Lodge. At its organization he was elected Surgeon of the -'•f-iywrsiit^i-sld;^'' TEE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 553 Sixteenth Division of tlie Uniformed Eank, and in the State organization was elected Eegimen- tal Surgeon, and with rank of Major of the Second Regiment ; and in the reorganization of that body was chosen to the same position in the Sixth Regiment, a position he still re- tains. Dr. Reed was married J une 0, 1869, with Emma B. Smythe, of Columbus, Ohio, a daugh- ter of Henry P. Smythe. Five children have been horn to them — Morgan Smythe, February 20, 1872 ; Harris Hamilton, November 31, 1873, died August 14, 1879 ; Chase Campbell, Feb- ruary G, 1875 ; Carl Kirkley, July 15, 1876, died October 24, 1882 ; and Liuuel Leckey, August 17, 1877. A member of the Third Presbyterian Church, he has taken an active interest in matters relating to Church work, and for a number of years has been one of its Trustees. In Toledo, where tor so many years he has been in constant practice, his so- cial nature as well as professional skill have given him the respect and esteem of a wide circle of friends. Dr. Waldo C. Daniels was born in Syracuse, New York, February 4, 1833, and having gained a liberal education at the University of Michigan, he studied medicine and was gradu- ated from the Buflalo Medical College in 1854. Soon after graduation he settled in Toledo, and was one of the original members of the Toledo Medical Association. He died in Chicago, January 27, 1882. Dr. Spencer Dills was born in Warren County, Indiana, and having obtained an edu- cation in the Schools of that State, studied medi- cine and was graduated from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, in the Spring of 1871. He was an earnest and faithful student, and gave great promise of a useful life, but died soon after establishing himself in Toledo. Having charge of the small-pox hospital, he contracted that dreadful disease. Leaving his wife and family, as he did not wish them to risk infection, he was taken to the hospital, where he died after a brief illness of five or six days. His death occurred October 20, 1872. Dr. William M. Douglass. Born May 28, 1843, at Johnstown, Pennsylvania. He re ceived his education in his native place, and entered the Arm}- when 19 3-ears of age, and remained in the service until the end of the War, In 1868 he began the study of medicine, and was graduated at the Universit}' of Michi- gan in 1871. He began practice at Commerce, Michigan, but in 1872 came to Toledo, where he remained until August, 1874, in active prac- tice. At this date he fell sick with pneumonia, resulting in abscess, from which he never re- covered. He was removed to his native city, where he died. May 4, 1877, having been a continuous sufferer for nearly three years. Dr. Harry D. Earl was born at Massillon, 86 Ohio, August 9, 1850. Having obtained an education in Toledo, he spent three years in the study of medicine at the University of Michigan, and was graduated at Bellevue Medical College in 1876. He began the prac- tice of his profession in Toledo, but soon moved to Texas, where he died from typhoid fever on November 30, 1878. * MEDICAL ASSOCIATIONS. The earliest organization of physicians in this section, of which record is found, was the Maumee Valley Medical Association. The date of its start is not known. Notice was made in the public press of a meeting of this Association, held at the Commercial Building in Maumee, June 6, 1842, with Dr. H. Conant, President, in tiie Chair. Dr. E. D. Peck, of Perr3-sburg, from a Committee, reported favor- ably on the application of Dr. C. S. Ramsay for admission to the Society. Dr. Peck also made report on the subject of Mesmerism, recommending that no further attention be given to that subject by the Society. Where- upon, Dr. t'alviu Smith, of Toledo, submitted the following resolution, which, after discus- sion, was unanimously passed, to wit : Reiohx'd, That in the opinion of this Society, the so-calleil science of " Mesmerism " or '' Animal Mag- netism," as generally understood and advocated, is an imposition upon the public credulity. Officers were chosen as follows : President, E. D. Peck; Vice President, H. Burritt, of Maumee ; Secretai'y, Cornelius Matthews, of Toledo; Treasurer, Oscar White, of Maumee; Censors, Calvin Smith, of Toledo; Horace Green, of Sylvania ; J. H. Van Avery, C. L. Ramsa}-, and N. Dustin. The Society then consisted of the following named members : John H. Van Avery, George R. Perkins, Ho- ratio Conant, Calvin Smith, C. Matthews, B. D. Peck, Harvey Burritt, H. S.Woodworth, Horace Green, N. Dustin, Chas. McLean, John Mosher, Justus Dwight, Oscar White, Wm. St. Clair, C. S. Ramsay — 16 in number. The first organization by the medical practi- tioners of Toledo, was effected June 22, 1851, by Drs. Graham, Jones, Hazlett, Timjiauy, Scott, Taylor and Dawson, who then met at the office of Dr. Graham. After discussion of the matter it was resolved to organize a Medical Association, and a Committee was appointed to draft a constitution and by-laws, and the Sec- retarj^. Dr. Jones, was instructed to notify other physicians of the City of the action taken. At a meeting held September 29th, a consti- tution and by-laws were reported from the Committee and were adopted by the Society, thus bringing into existence the Toledo Medi- cal Association. The following named gentle- *By William C. Chapman, M. D. 554 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. men then signed as members, and were the charter members of the new Society, to wit: Hosnier Graliam, P. H. Dawson, I. N. Hazlett, Alfred Taylor, W. W. Jones, F. J. Klauser, W. C. Scott and H. II. Timpany. Of these but one (Dr. W. W. Jones) now survives, the remainder having passed to the other world. At a subsequent meeting, officers were elected and fee bill and additional by-laws adopted. The officers elected were as follows: Presi- dent, Dr. Hosmer Graham ; Vice President, Dr. R. H. Timpany; Treasurer, Dr. P. H. Dawson ; Secretary, Dr. W. W. Jones ; Execu- tive Committee, Dr. I. N. Hazlett, Dr. A. Tay- lor, Dr. C. Smith. The Association as thus formed was destined to be short-lived. During the cholera epi- demic of 1852 the physicians were so busy that meetings were neglected, and the Society was allowed to languisli. We have no reports of proceedings until at the call of Dr. Jones, who still remained the Secretary, a meeting was held in the parlor of the Collins House, July 26, 1856. Again was considered the ques- tion of organization, and a committee ap- pointed to draw up a new constitution and by- laws. At this meeting Drs. Timpanj', Jones, Swain, Bergen, Bostwick, Ellis, Forbes, Braun, Cold ham, Fenneberg, Norris and Daniels were present. At a subsequent meeting, the follow- ing officers were elected : President, Dr. Jacob Clark ; Vice President, Dr. William C. Scott ; Treasurer, Dr. S. H. Bergen ; Secretary, Dr. W. W. Jones; Librarian, Dr. C. H. Swain ; Executive Committee, Dr. S. H. Bergen, Dr. C. H. Swain, Dr. S. F. Forbes. In May, 1857, the As.30ciation was made auxiliarjT to the Ohio State Medical Society at its meeting held in Sandusky during that month. Fi'om the new organization in July, 1856, the Toledo Medical Association has been con- tinuouslj- active in promoting the welfare of the profession. Meetings of interest and value have been held at stated intervals — at present on the second and fourth Fridays of every mouth. In membership it now numbers nearly 60 active members, with a few upon whom honorarj' membership has been conferred. Many went from its ranks to serve their coun- try during the War of the Eebellion — some never to return, and others to bring home valuable experience obtained in field hospital- practice. When in April, 1861, the first gun was tired on Sumter, the Toledo Medical Asso- ciation came to the front, and at a meeting called for that purpose April 22d, the fol- lowing patriotic expression was unanimously adopted : Whereas, An exigency has arisen in the affairs of our country, requiring the sacrifice of private in- terests for the public good, and the manifestation of sympathy and kindness by all classes toward those who devote themselves to the public service ; there- fore, Resolved, That the Physicians of this Society will attend the families of Volunteer Soldiers without charge during their employment iu active service. The following list embraces the names of all members of the Association, from its organiza- tion to the present time. Many changes have occurred by death, and by removal from the City. The profession is constantly cliangina;, some coming to remain a few months, and others, meeting with success, make here a per- manent home. Formerly, Lucas County was considered a very unhealth)^ locality. At the present time, largely through the individual efforts of the members of the Medical Associa- tion, the City has been improved in that re- spect, and now ranks second to no localitj- in point of healthfulness. List of members of Toledo Medical Associa- tion, with jear of admission to same : 18.56. William W. Jones. 1870. Waldo C. Daniels. 1871. Charles H. Swain. Symmes H. Bergen. Samuel F. Forbes. W. C. Scott. Valentine Braun. 1872. James L. Chase. Jacob Olark. Isaac N. Hazlett. Tbos. P. Norris. 1857. L. G. Andrews. Onnelie N. Ellis. 187:3. 1859. Jabez M. Cooke. 1873. James G. Nolen. Jerome B. Trembley. D. L. Briggs. Albert Tyler. B. V. Swerringer. 1874. 1861. Sam\iel S. Thorn. Charles Cochran. Geo. A. CoUamore. 1862. M. C. Plessner. 1863. John W. Bond. Lewis H. Bodnian. 1875. D. P. Chamberlin. Albert W. Fi.sher. Thomas J. Eaton. 1864. Edwin G. Bradlev. 1865. Thomas M. Cook. D. B. Sturgeon. 1876. 1866. Samuel W. Skinner. J. E. Woodbridge. H. M. Schnetzler. James F. Aris. Frederick Hohlv. Frank P. Wilson. Richard Worth. Wm. H. Ralston. Oscar J. Price. 1877. 1868. Henry A. Root. Cyrus A. Kirklev. 1S77. Joseph T. Woods'. 1878. George W. Bowen. Max. C. Jungbluth. 1869. Lewis Barken. 1879. Jesse Snodgrass. Wm. T. Ridenour. 1880. James M. Waddick. 1881. Joel Green, Jr. 1882. 1870. John A. Blanchard. 1883. Calvin H. Reed. Philo E. Jones. William Cherry. George 0. Moore. George L. Hoege. Asa Bigelow. Thomas Cosgrove. Spencer Dills. J. W. Southworth. James A. Duncan. James T. Lawless. Wm. I\I. Douglass. Zep Rouleau. Augustus F. Hipp. Jonathan Priest. John M. Crafts. Ivory S. Cole. Frederick Jaeger. Wm. C. Chapman. Ernst Wuestefield. James Cold ham. A.J. Bostater. Wm. W. Culllson. G. Fenneberg. Thomas Waddel. W. H. Parcels. Henrv H. Darst. Wm."L. Kimball. M. C. Hoag. Samuel Downs. John H. Curry. F. A. Kitchen. U. D. Chamberlin. C. S. Chamberlin. B. H. Hanks. Theodore A. Felch. H. D. Earl. R. C. Bell. O. S. Brigham. H. C. iMann. W. C. Craven. Thos. J. Cronise. Harrison Hathaway. C. J. Deitz. John A. Wright. F. A. Eldredge. Chas. W. Higgins. C. L. Van Peli;: O. N. Tindall. John Gardner. Kenneth Gunsolus. Charles N. Smith. Jas. C. Reinhart. Wm. G. Anderson. A. M. Duncan. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 555 1883. H. D. Babcock. 1885. E. D. Steincamp. Jas. Donnelly. J. M. Bessey. James L. Tracy. Allen De Vilbiss. 1886. W. R. Gifford. L. W. Heydiich. 1886. J. W. Lilly. Chas. Roulet. A. R. Smart. 1887. Edward G. May. Seth W. Beckwith. B. Becker. Albert S. Waite. U. G. Lipes. NORTHWESTERN OHIO MEDICAL COLLEGE. hi the Spring of 1878 the Toledo School of Medicine was organized. Its object was to provide preliminary instruction desirable lor admission to Medical Colleges. A more thorough preparation of students, particularly in the fundamental branches of Medical Sci- ence, was considered desirable, as contributing toward the elevation of the standard of Medical education. The session opened in March and continued 20 weeks. The following physicians formed the original Faculty: Samuel S. Thorn, M. D., Surgery ; W. T. Ride- nour, M. D., Physiology and Diseases of Nervous Svstem ; George A. Collamore, M. D., Principles and Practice of Medicine ; Calvin H. Reed, M. D., Ob- stetrics ; Cyrus A. Kirkley, M. D., Gynecology and Diseases of Children ; John H. Curry, M. D., Oph- thalmology and Otology; W. C. Chapman, M. D., Materia Medica and Therapeutics ; C. S. Chamberlin, M. D., Chemistry and Toxicology; J. A. Duncan, M. D., Anatomy ; O. S. Brigham, M. D., Pathological Anatomy. In 1882, the idea of a preliminary School was abandoned, and a charter for a Medical College was obtained, under the name of the North- western Ohio Medical College. The Faculty comprises some of the original members of the jjreliminary School, witli the addition of other well known members of the medical, legal and scientific professions. The aim of the College is to furnish a thorough course of instruction in medicine and surgery, hj-gieneand state medi- cine, equal to that obtainable at the best Col- leges in the United States. The College term is continuous through the Winter, being of sis months duration. The College building (Nos. 71 and 73 Lagrange Street) has been especially adapted to its purpose. Classes have been graduated every Spring since its organization. The following constitute the Board of Trus- tees and the Faculty of the College : Trustees— C. F. Curtis, President; J. W. Bond, M. D., Vice President ; George W. Davis, Treasurer ; Clarence Brown, Secretarv ; Robert Cummings, Hon. N. H. Swayne, Jr., Rev. F. B. DuVal, D. D., C. W. Bond, Thomas Vanstone, J. W. Hiett, H. S. Wal- bridge, A. J. J. Machen, D. R. Locke. S. S. Thorn, M. D., Professor of Principles and Practice of Surgery and Clinical Surgery. G. A. Collamore, A. B., M. D., Dean, Professor of Principles and Practice of Medicine. C. H. Reed, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics. C. A. Kirkley, M. D., Secretary, Professor of Gynecology. J. H. Curry, M. D., Professor of Ophthalmologj' and Otology. W. C. Chapman, M. D., Professor of Diseases of the Throat and Nose and Physical Diagnosis. C. L. Van Pelt, A. B., M. D., Professor of Hygiene and State Medicine and Diseases of Children. H. M. Schnetzler, M. D., Professor of Diseases of the Mind and Nervous System. W. J. Herdman, Ph. B., M. D., Professor of Ortho- pedic Surgery. G. A. Kirchmaier, Ph. C, Professor of Chemistry and Toxicology. J. C. Reinhart, M. D., Professor of General, De- scriptive and Surgical Anatomy. I. N. Huntsberger, A. M., Professor of Medical Jurisprudence. J. M. Bessey, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics. A. R. Smart, M. D., Professor of Physiology. James Donnelly, M. D., Lecturer on Pathology. A. J. Parker, M. D., Professor of Histology. S. W. Beckwith, M. D., Demonstrator of Anatomy. TOLEDO MEDICAL COLLEGE. This institution was organized in 1882. A charter was obtained in that year, and a course of lectures given in both the Spring and the Win- ter. The rooms were on Superior Street, near the corner of Monroe. The location being unde- sirable, a building was remodeled for (JoUege use on Sujierior Street, near Cherry, and is now occupied by the College. One term of lectures is now given during the year, beginning about the middle of September and continaing until March. The names of the Trustees and Faculty are as follows : Trustees— Hon. Henry Kahlo, Walter Pickens, Hon. Charles A. King, Hon. Frank H. Hurd, David R. Austin, James G. Nolen, M. D., James Blass, T. S. Merrell, Michael J. Cooney, Foster R. Warren, Chas. Cravens, D. D,, Anton W. Fischer, Jonathan Priest, M. D., Henry S. Havighorst, M. D., Joseph E. Hackl, M. D. J. H. Pooley, M. D., Dean, Professor of Surgery and Clinical Surgery. Jonathan Priest, M. D., Professor of Principles and Practice of Medicine and Clinical Medicine. Henry S. Havighorst, M. D., Professor of Anatomy. Richard Whiteford, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics and Physical Diagnosis. J. Ernst Hackl, M. D., Professor of Physiology and Hygiene. ^ James G. Nolen, M. D., Professor of Mental Diseases. Asa Bigelow, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics. William G. Gardiner, M. D., Professor of Chem- istry and Toxicology. Howard E. Munn, M. D., Professor of Histology and Pathology. James M. Waddick, M. D., Professor of Ophthal- mology and Otolog)-. James M. Hueston, A. B., Professor of Medical Jurisprudence. William J. Gillette, M. D., Lecturer on Gyne- cology. Francis T. Bower, Ph. C, Lecturer on Pharmacy and Instructor in Chemical Laboratory. Robert B. Cameron, M. D., Demonstrator of Anatomy. 556 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. *THE MEDICAL PROFESSION.— HOMCEO- PATHIC. Doctor Hans B. Gram introduced Homoe- opathy into Now York in the year 1825. Ho was the first to proclaim the laws of the New School within the limits of the United States. He quickly attracted the attention of medical scholars, and investigation prompted many to adopt the new theories. Some efforts were made in lS3o to translate a few textbooks into English, which met with but little success. However, in 1838-9, and in 1840, several works of marked ability were published, which chal- lenged the attention of the profession, and the marvelous growth which afterwards character- ized the reformation in the practice of medicine in this country, began. It spread from State to State— from City to City — until now, nearly every Village has its regular Homceopatiiic Physician. The introduction of Homceopathy in Toledo, was made under the happiest au- spices. Its local founder was a man pre-emi- nently fitted lor the work. Alas ! that after many years of earnest labor, wearying of the struggle, the strife and the success, the courtly gentleman and splendid physician turned to quieter pursuits for the employment of the talents which had secured lor his beloved School so firm an abiding-place in Toledo. Although a quarter of a century has passed since his withdrawal, the chiefest glory of the New School in Toledo is the memory of its founder — Arthur F. Bissell, M. D. He was born in Geneseo, New York, and removed at an early age to Toledo. His boyhood was passed at School, vvhere he won his diploma in his ISth year. After a few months of rest he began the study of medicine. In the autumn of 184-1 the young student matriculated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City. Remaining there two j'ears, he passed successluUj- an examination tor the degree of Doctor of Medicine during the sessions of 1846- 47, but not then being of legal age his diploma was delivered to him at the l^pring term, 1848. While a matriculant, he was an office student of Willard Parker, Professor of Surgery in the College of Phj^sicians and Surgeons, and one of the oldest and most widely known surgeons of that time. For a brief period after graduation, the young Physician was ]>laced in charge of the Children's" Hospital on Blackwell's Island. Sub.scquently he opened an office in New York City, devoting himself to such practice as he could obtain and to attendance at the College cliniqucs. To one of his active mind, the living question of Homoeopathy could not long re- main unnoticed. To hear of a new theo'ry in Therapeutics, was to inspire in him an irre- sistible desire to investigate. And the only investigation which would satisfy him, was the practical application at the bedside. Fprtu- * By W. T. Rowsey, M. D. natcly at that early date, College Professors had not become so frightened as to deliberately and maliciously strive to envenom the minds of students. Investigation was yet permitted to the eager student. Thus, the enthusiastic young Physician pursued his practical tests openly and with ardor, finding daily delight and surprise. After some time devoted to thus proving the truth of the new Therapeutic law, he could no longer hesitate as to the course he should adopt. Closing up his affairs in New York City in the Fall of 1848, he at once re- moved to Toledo, whore he began his unusually brilliant professional career. At the ver}- bo- ginning of his professional walk, he was made to feel something of the smart and hate and prejudice for which the profesfsion is noted. But I do not intend to give the details of ig- norance or bigotry, which greeted the arrival and sojourn of the apostle of the New School in Toledo. In defiance of opposition, ridicule and slander, the intelligence and wealth of the City gave its steady support to the new sys- tem. Among the earliest patrons were the families of Peter F. Berdan, Esq., Joseph K. Secor, Esq., Henry Bennett, Esq., the late Hon. John Sinclair, Chief Justice Waite, Richard Waite, Esq., and scores of others not now re- called. But Dr. Bissell's abilities were quickly recognized by the public, and antagonism, if not respectful, was disarmed. On the 20th of July, 1849, he was elected Physician to the Hospital of Toledo, erected for the reception of cholera patients. In this position his success was so marked as to excite universal and won- dering comment. He was elected City Physi- cian onthelSth of June, 1850. That was quite an honor in the j-ears before Toledo began to assume metropolitan airs. During the Fall term of 1850, the Doctor was successfully urged to accept the chair of General and Special Anatomy, in the Western Homoeopathic Col- lege, of Cleveland. He occupied this chair during 1850-51, and also filled the chair of Sur- gery duriugthe latterj^ear. In these jiositious he added greatly to his reputation. He had rare skill with the j)encil or cra\ on, which, with his unusual ability, gave his lectures an ab- sorbing interest. But his professional duties at home demanded his undivided attention, and, resigning his professorships, he retui'ned, .hoping to devote himself wholly to his large practice. He was given but a short respite. The earnest solicitations of the fiiculty won him back to his old chair in 1856, which ho retained with increasing honor until Febru- ary, 1858, when professional demands forced him to resign. In 1859 he was elected a member of the Board of Censors of the Homoeopathic College of Missouri. In Au- gust, 1858, he was invited to accept the chair of Physiology and Pathology, or that of Theory and Practice, as he might prefer, in the Homoe- opathic College of St. Louis, Missouri, but his i5 1 THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 557 recognition of professional duty forced him to decline. Dr. Bissell thus gave up all college honors to devote himself to the toilsome details of j)rofcs.sional life. He continued ac- tively engaged until the Spring of 1860, when, hoping to get some relief from excessive labor, he accepted as a partner, S. S. Lungren, M. D., of Hagerstou u, Maryland. But Dr. Bissell was overworked. A partnership might somewhat modity his labors, but could not give him rest. The experience of another year decided him to quit the field altogetlier. Accordingly he ar- ranged to transfer his professional interests to Dr. S. S. Lungren. He soon removed to New York City, where he became a member of the Stamford Manufacturing Company, one of the oldest and wealthiest houses in that City. Here, if he succeeded in shunning the honors of a grateful School, he could not escape the bright smiles of golden success. When it is remembered that this man — this brave pioneer ota new theory in medicine — struggled on, alone and unaiiled, for man}' years, it becomes difficult to realize the obstacles so heroically overcome, or to properly measure the greatness of his final success. That success can be best appreciated b_y his successors in professional toil, for whom he smoothed the waj'. For many years, the nearest professional aid on which Dr. Bissell could rely was Dr. Louis Lodge of Adrian, Michigan; Dr. Ellis or Dr. Thayer, Detroit ; or Dr. Wheeler, of Cleveland. I have jierhaps lingered long and lovingly about the name of Dr. Bissell, but he was a man whom to know was to love. Dr. Woodruff, of Troy, New York, and I were the onlj' students whom the Doctor ever had, and it is needless to say, that the relationship was delightful to us. If some able j)en could wring from the modesty of tlie Doctor permission to trace his life, there would be found in the delightful detail the correct history ot Homoeof)athy in Toledo. The history of the one would be the life of the other. Some time about 1855, Dr. F. Bigelow, of Syracuse, New Y^ork, located in Toledo and began the practice of Homoeopathy. Dr. Big- elow was a man of quiet, reserved habits, and of gentle instincts. He was a physician of the finest abilities and of the most admirable char- acter. He soon acquired an extensive practice and endeared himself to hundreds of families. Dr. Bissell had made more converts than he could care for, and Dr. Bigelow's arrival was very opportune. Dr. Bissell could not have had a more admirable colleague than was Dr. Bigelow, who remained in active practice until 1866, when ill-health drove him out of the field, and compelled him to seek much-needed rest. He removed to Syracuse, New York, wiiere he entered on a less active scene ; but broken and enfeebled by overwork, he never regained his old time strength, and after a brief struggle, passed away afewyearsago, sincerely mourned by a multitude of sorrowing friends. Dr. Bigelow admitted Dr. Silas Bailey to a partnership, which continued onlj' a little while. Dr. Bailey retired to an office of his own some time in 1862. When the late war first stirred the country Dr. Bailey received an appoint- ment from the Government as Examiner of Soldiers applying for enlistment. The appoint- ment created quite an agitation in local medi- cal circles, but the Doctor's influence was suf- ficient to maintain him in the position. The Doctor soon retired from the ])ractice of medi- cine and established himself in the book trade, which, after a few years he abandoned and left the City. It will be remembered that Dr. Lungren located here in 1860. The doctor's signal snc- cess in Uterine Surgery is really deserving of greater notice than is here accorded him, but the reader is referred to his biographical sketch on another page for full information. After him came Dr. Rowsey ; then E. M. Goodwin, M. D.; A. C. Barlow,'M.D.; Bussel C. Calkins, M. D ; Myron H. Parmclee, M. D.; S. S. Parker, M. D.; Albert Claypool, M. D., and Herbert Chase, M. D. Thus the list lengthened, until in this j'car of grace, 1887, there are some 14 Pliysicians engaged in the practice of "Similia." Dr. House, of Tecumseli, Michigan, tarried here awhile just previous to bis fortunate re- moval to the present scene of his labors and honors. E. P. Gaylord, M. D., nowof Detroit, was for a time associated with Dr. Biaelow. Dr. H. W. Hartwell and his accomplished wife, Dr. Emma Hartwell, Joined us a few years ago Dr. Zubenden is also a new-comer, working hard in the general field. Dr. R. D. Tipple, the Eye and Ear Special- ist, located here in 1883, and has deservedly won a large patronage. Dr. F. P. Taylor, a bright young Physician, settled here about three years ago, and the fu- ture seemed full of promise to his eager gaze. He purchased a home on the corner of Mul- berry and Huron Streets, and made a fortunate busine.ss arrangement witli a Physician of Au- burndale. A seemingly slight sickness confined him to his house for a few days, when the rup- ture of a large blood-vessel drained his life away in a few hours. There have been many professional birds of passage who have visited here to-day and away to-morrow — gone so quicklj' that their names have left no trace on naemory. SAMUEL S. LUNGREN, M. D., was born in York County, Pennsylvania, August 22, 1827, and is of Swedish origin. His ancestors settled in America prior to the Revolution. His grandfather, a native of Sweden, estab- lished the first paper mill upon Chester Creek, at a point below the City of Philadelphia. The 558 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. early life of young Lungren was spent in the vicinity of and within the Quaker City, where he received his elementary education. When 16 years of age, he entered the Drug Store of French & Kiciiards, in Philadelphia, on the corner of Tenth and Market Streets, and re- mained there until he had almost attained his majority. While thus employed, he had charge of the retail department of the establishment. His leisure hours he devoted to the study of medicine, and to the acquiring of Latin and French in the Night-Schools of the City. His progress in his studies, even under adverse circumstances, was rapid, and in October, 1848, he became qualified to enter the Jefferson Med- ical College as a student, from which he was graduated in March, 1850. He soon after be- gan the practice of his profession at Hagers- town, Maryland, where he remained for the ensuing ton years. After mature study and reflection, he became a convert to the system of Hahnemann, and attended a course of lec- tures at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Philadelphia, where he was graduated in March, 1852. After graduation he continued to prac- tice after the tenets of the new system in Hagerstown, until November, 1860, when, de- siring a more extended field of action, he re- moved to Toledo, where he has since continued to reside, constantly and assiduously engaged in his professional labors, and where, by years of able service, he has won the confidence and respect of a community who justly recognize in him a skillful and able practitioner. As a Physician and Surgeon, he is confessedly one of the leading members of his profession in the City and the State. He has performed various surgical operations which have been cited as most remarkable cases of the kind in Ohio and the Northwest. He devotes himself more par- ticularly to Uterine Surgerj', and in this branch of medical science has often, under circumstan- ces of peculiar and perilous delicacy, attained to notable success. Removed February 7, 1884, a solid uterine tumor, weighing 60 jDounds and three ounces, the largest of the kind, with one exception, ever recorded removed from a liv- ing woman. His remarkably successful cases of "Cesarean Section," first performed May 8, 1875, was crowned with the happiest results, both mother and child being saved. The same operation has since been jierformed (May 22, 1880) on the same patient with equal success, and she, with her two children, repre- sent the only living Cesarean trio in the world at this time. The result in each operation was due in a great measure to his use of silver wire sutures in closing the uterine wound. A case of " Cesarean Section " was for the third time successfully performed by Dr. Lungren April 19, 1885, saving the woman, who is now alive ; the child had been dead two days before he saw the case; the whole constituting a record in this delicate and diflScult branch of surgery un- equaled by any member of his profession, having performed one-fourth of all the cases in Ohio, saving three of the eight women who have been saved in the State by such means. Dr. Lungren is a member of the State Homoeopathic Medical Society, of which he has been the President, and a member of the American Institute of Homreopathy for 18 years, contributing at each session some paper upon medical or surgical subjects. He is also a contributor to several medical journals, and in all matters pertaining to the advancement of Medical Science he is a zealous and efficient co-laborer. "WILLIAM THOMAS ROWSEY, one of the prominent Physicians of Toledo, is a son of Charles Allen and Mary (Tranor) Eowsey, and was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, August 29, 1888. His father, a Carpenter by trade, was born in the State of Virginia, and is a descendant of the French Huguenots who settled in South Carolina about the middle of the sixteenth century, or immediately after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. His mother was born in L-eland. Both of his parents are alive and reside in Toledo. The boyhood days of Dr. Eowsey were passed in the City of his birth. Until his 14th year he attended the Eighth Ward School, presided over by Father Wood, afterward the celebrated Archbishop of Phila- delphia. In 1852, with his parents, he removed to Toledo. Soon after he became a student in the University of Notre Dame, at South Bend, Indiana. Here for four years he pursued a classical course of instruction. For two years following he pursued a Collegiate course at Mount St. Mary's College, Cincinnati, at the expiration of which period be returned to Toledo. In deference to the wishes of his father, he entered the law office of William Baker, Esq., of Toledo. After a few mouths' study, he relinquished the idea of becoming a member of a profession for which he had no taste or inclination. In conformity to a desire long entertained, he began the study of medi- cine in the office of Dr. A. F. Bissell, of Toledo. He also received a course of instruction at the Hahnemann Medical College, at Philadelphia, and the Honiojopathic Medical College of Cleve- land. At the latter institution he was gradu- ated in March, 1862. He began the practice of his profession with a fellow-student at Logans j)ort, Indiana, continuing there with fair suc- cess three years. He then returned to Toledo, where he has remained ever since. He is a member of the Ohio State Homojopathic Med- ical Society, and a frequent contributor to different Medical journals. Hie professional skill has placed him in the front rank of practitioners in Toledo, and at the present time his practice is very extensive. Thoroughly devoted to his profession, the practical duties of which make him one of the hardest workers W'^if UfM^'a^ J^^-^7,.^.^ THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 559 in Tolodo, he has had little time to enga£re in enterprises outside of his sjiecial calling. He was married June 9, 18(39, to Henrietta F. Folsoni, a ladj- of unusual intelligence and re- finement. Three children have been the result of this union — two girls and one boy. To his attainnientsas a skilled Phj-sician are added the graces of a pleasant, affable gentleman. He possesses in an eminent degree those qualities of heart and mind so esential to the highest degree of success in anv walk of life. Hetiring in disposition, he shrinks from publicity, and finds his greatest pleasure in the domestic circle, where his social, genial i|ualities make him esteemed and beloved. DEUGS AND MEDICINES. As in the case of Books and Stationeiy and most other branches of trade, I)rugs and Medicines in Toledo constituted parts of the comprehensive stocks of pioneer Stores; and grew to the proportions of special traffic, with the enlarged demand of a grow- ing communitj'. Thus, the first record in that connection is found in the advertisement of A. Palmer & Co., in the Toledo Gazette of March 12, 1835, where, in connection with Dry Goods, Groceries, Hai'dware, Glassware, Stone- ware, Flints, Percussion Caps, "Window Glass, Cow and Ox Bells, Carpenters' Tools, " Dipt Caudles," &c., kc , were offered "Patent Medi- cines, &c." It was not until 1837, that this branch of ti-ade attained the dignity of separate recognition in the advertisements of Marshall & Way, Scovill & Southard, and J. W, Gilbert & Co., as "Druggists," the latter dealing in "Botanical Medicines." Others still sold Medi- cines in connection with other goods. lu 1838 Dr. Charles McLean, a practicing Phj'sician, appeared as Druggist, with Thomas Daniels as Clerk. Luke Draper had then succeeded Hoisington & Manning, It is safe to say, that the residents, before or since, never, per capita, furnished for dealers in Medical supplies as much trade as during that year, particulars of which are given elsewhere. The leading articles in demand were calomel, jalap, quinine, Peruvian bark, epsom salts. Castor and Harlem oils, with Lee's Brandreth's and Gregory's pills. In 1839, Osgood's India Cholagogue was added to the list of " Patent" preparations. It originated with Charles Osgood, then of Monroe, Michigan, who came to Toledo, to confer with Titus & Co., Merchants, in regard to the introduction of the article. The price was a leading point for settlement — whether it should be 50 cents, SI. 00 or SI. 50. Finally, it was settled at the latter sum, as it still remains. The article was first manufac- tured at Monroe, and subsequently, as now, at Norwich, Connecticut. Dr. McLean sold out to J. J. Fullerton, Sec- retary of the Erie and Kalamazoo Eailroad Banking Company. A. Ealston & Co. and Dr. Geo. E. Perkins soon appeared. Thomas Daniels was clerk for both these, as Charles West was for the former. In May, 1846, Mr. Daniels, as successor of Dr. Perkins, commenced the trade, which he has now followed in Toledo without interruption, for the period of 42 years, it being 5(1 years since he became a Druggist's Clerk. The fii-m of A. Ealston & Co. was succeeded hj S. Lind- sley & Co,, and thatbj- Charles West as Whole- sale and Eetail dealer. About 18G0, the firm of West & Truaxtook the Wholesale, and West ct Vanstone (since Vanstone & Crosbj') the Eetail trade of this house. In November, 1851, J. M. Ashley ct Co. (succeeding Z. C. Stocking) commenced the wholesale and retail trade, continuing until 1859, when they were succeeded by Dooley Brothers (Albert G. and Edwin). Among the succeeding Druggists wei-e D. H. Miner & Co., C. E. Winans, Henry Wittstein, Peck & Eoss, and J. B. & C. A. Trembley, in 18(50 ; and A. W. Bailey, John B. Fella, G. Fenneberg, C. E. Heath, Wm. Henzler, C. Hohly & Co., W. E. Lawton. Jacob Mery, L. E. Mulford, J. L. Eoller, M. Schnetzler, F. Schroeder, Lewis Brothers (East Toledo), and G. W. Warren, in 1870. The following named Druggists were in trade in Toledo in 1887 : Wholesale— W est & Truax, and Walding, Kinnan & Marvin. Retail — Will. J. Bach, George Bailey, Wm. Bart- lett, IBowertt Friedrichs, ,Adam Burtrer, Carpenter & Funk, H. C. Christv, Clemens & Hill, Cook Bros., W. W. Cullison &' Co., E. C. Danforth, Thomas Daniels, J. B. Fella. Gustavus Fenneberg, Anton Gates, Joseph Gates, John Goldbach, Robert Gysel, R. E. Hamlin & Co., David Harpster, Andrew Heitzman, Win. Henzler, C. Hohlj' & Co., Pauline Hohly, C. E. Holmes. T. Benton Huston, G. A. Kirchinaier, Wm. Kirchiuaier & Son., J. W. Lillv, J. M. McCann, McMulleu& Moore, A. D. Matthews, J. F. Merv, Wm. H. Moore. Henrv Moran, G. C. Mil; I. N. Reed, J. L. Roller, M. B. 'Schaefer, Schindler Bros., Jcseph Scholl v8. The\- have had five children : Oliver Clayton, born at Wasatch, Utah, August 28, 18(i9; Arden Boyington, born at Delta, Ohio, May 13, 1873, and died at Toledo, November 3, 1874; Hazel Marion, born at Toledo, November 29, 1884, and Edna and Mabel, born at Toledo. Novem- ber 10. 188(i. DENTISTRY. The first practical Dentist in Toledo is un- dei'Stood to have been Dr. J. N. Cassells, who seems to have come here in August, 1840. He had an office at both the Toledo and the American House. Iii his announcement, he stated that His mode of plugging teeth with metallic paste, which enters the teeth in a soft, putty-like form, with- out irritation or pain, and becomes perfectly solid in tlie short space of '2-i to 4,s hours, is universally ac- knowledged to surpass anything ever before used for that purpose. Dr, Cassell's charges were : Pivot teeth in- serted, each, 85.00 ; teetii inserted on gold plate, each. S8.00 ; cavities tilled, each, 50c.; teetii ex- tracted, each, SI. 00; teeth cleaned, SI. 00 In November, 1840, "Dr. A. Chandler, Sur- gical and'Meclianical Dentist," announced his arrival in Toledo from Binghaniton New York, and his readiness to serve the citizens in his profession. He advertised "incorruptible teeth of the most beautiful varieties, set in nat- ural roots, from a single tooth to any required number." His teeth were designed for "sup- plying deficiencies in the upper and under jaws," and " served the purposes of articula- tion, mastication, as well as the purpose of or- nament and comfort." "Teeth cleansed of tar- tar or salivary calculus, and directions given to prevent its further accumulation." The Doctor called special attention to his " Odontolgic Drops, as ])repared by hiinself " for the pur- pose of curing nervous toothache. "By a few applications of these drops in the cavity of a tooth, the nerve would become perfectlj' par- alized and insensible, thus giving immediate relief to the most desperate case of toothache." His office was at tlie American Hotel. Other practitioners, from time to time, made temporary visits to Toledo. The first Dentist of permanent residence here, was Dr. John Estile, who came in 1850, and for a period of nearly 20 years, followed his profession. He died about 1870. Dr. Chester H. Harroun is now the oldest dental practitioner in Toledo, having opened an office here in 1853, and yet follows his pro- fession. His father (David Harroun) and fkm- ily came to Sylvania in 1835, where he died several years since. Mrs. Harroun still sur- vives him. David A., son of Dr. Harroun, is associated with him in jiractice. Dr. Eobert L. Evans came in 1857, when he became the partner of Dr. Harroun, which ar- rangement continued until 1864, since which time he has continued practice alone. Prominent among the Denti.sts of Toledo was Dr. Julius Chesebrough, who came in 18Gl,and continued in successful practice for about 12 years, when he died. Mrs. Chesebrough still survives. Dr. John Eowsey, sou of Captain C. A. Row- sey, and brother of Dr. W. T. Eowsey, studied with Dr. Estile and commenced practice about 1864, which he continued until his death, in 1886. Dr. H. M. Edi-son came to Toledo in 1869, and soon formed a partnership with Dr. Evans, which continued until 1874. He is yet in prac- tice here. Dr. S. C. Taylor came in 1872, entering upon a practice which yet continues. In 1874, Dr. E. D. Scheble opened an office in Toledo and yet continues here. Dr. J. J. Barber came to Toledo in 1878, and located his offices at 145 Summit Street. In 1885 he formed a partnership with Dr. A. T. Kline, of Nashville, Tenn. They make a spec- ialty of bridge and crown work and of filling teeth with vitrified jDorcelain. From time to time, the list of Dentists has been increased, until in addition to those al- readj- referred to, the following named practi- tioners are in the city : L. L. Barber. H. A. Black. M. F. DeLano. A. H. Fleming. L. C. Fleming. David A. Harroun. Edward Hetfron. H. C. Kuebler. A. H. Little. A. B. Mason. J. A. Miller. C. W. Munson. L. W. Nevius. M. S. Page. F. A. Root. C. A. Sipe. J. A. ytipp. CHAPTER II. HOSPITALS. — ASYLUMS. — CEMETERIES. — GRAVE ROBBING. »ST. VINCENT HOSPITAL. THIS iiifetitntion was established in October, 1855, by the Eev. A. Campion, Pastor of St. Francis de Sales Church, Toledo. It is under the dii-eet jurisdiction of the Grey Nuns General Hospital of Montreal, an institution established as a permanent Asylum for the homeless poor of every class, sex and age. The parent Hospi- tal was founded in 1738, by Madam D'Youville, who with her devoted companions extended aid to the suffering, irrespective of creed or nationality. In 1853, Eight Rev. Amadeus Eappe, ac- companied by Mr. H. L. P. Macheu, went to Montreal to procure Sisters of Charity for care of orphan boj's in Cleveland. As that City had already the advantage of having the Ladies of the Sacred Heart, it was thought best to defer the matter for two years. In 1855 — the two years having expired — Eev. A. Campion went to Montreal to claim for Toledo the Sisters promised Cleveland. The in- ducements he offered were fiir from attractive. He drew a grapliic picture of the dreary locality ; the prevalence of malarial disease, resulting from stagnant pools and swamps found everywhere in the then unhealthy City, giving it the name of " Grave of the United States." On October 24, 1855, Sister H. Blondin, as local Superioress, with Sisters Brady, Hickey and Monarque, with a young girl, Eliza Holmes, started for Toledo, arriving at that place on the 27th. They were met by the Ursuline Sisters, who had'been in Toledo about a year, and remained with them nearly two weeks, when they removed to a two-story frame building on Superior Street near Cherry. Here, by earnest solicitation of alms from the citizens and donations by the charitable, thev were able to continue their benovolent work. Being compelled to seek another house, in May, 185(5, the Asylum was movied to a build- ing offered by Mr. Frederick ^Y. Bakewell on Erie Street, which was so poorly constructed that it could not be made comfortable, and other ([Uarters became necessary. In March, 1857, two acres of ground was purchased from Mr! D. B. Scott on Cherry Street at §1,000 per acre on time. Subscriptions toward a building were immediately solicited, and enoua;h fund money secured by July to warrant the com- »By William C. Chapman, M. D. [560] mencement of the building. Delays were frequent, by reason of lack of funds", but by borrowing, sufficient money was obtained and by the 12th of Auguist, 1858, everything was so far completed as to allow of occupancy. This building WHS of brick, 40x50 feet aiid three stories high. The Orphan Asylum building thus completed was intended for both Asylum and Hospital. At the solicitation of Mr. Dennis Coghlin and Dr. S. F. Forbes, sailors were per- mitted to enter for treatment, the first patients being four sailors who were injured by falling into the hold of a vessel, who were received on the 21st of August, 1858. From that event is dated the commencement of the Hospital. The building was soon overcrowded, and a small frame house was constructed for inmates separate from the main one. -This building was consumed by fire in ISGO, with three in- mates — two orphans and a woman. Subscrip- tions were immediately taken for relief. Prot- estants as well as Eoman Catholics subscribed largely. The City was divided into districts ; Dennis Coghlin, Peter Lenk, Frank J. Scott and Valentine Wall circulated subscription papers. Large amounts were also received from St. Louis and Montreal, and as a result the center building of the Orphan Asylum was completed by the fall of 1861. This was di- vided into two large hospital wards, and a few for private patients, together with rooms for the use of the 8istei-s. In 1863, adjoining land owned by Mr. E. P. Bassett, was offered for sale, and the Sisters were able to purchase 8g acres at 8700 per acre; and in 1866, another 1^ acres were purchased from Dr. W. W. jrones,'at 81,000 per acre. The whole tract now owned is 12 acres, upon wiiich the new Hospital has been built. In March, 1875, the building of the present St. Vincent's wiisbegiin and completed in July of the next year, at a cost of over .863,000; of this sum there is still unpaid $56,000, upon wiucli the Sisters pay interest. It is a brick building, three stories high above the basement, comprising a center 120x68 feet, with wings extending on either side 46x50 feet, with commodious porticoes. The center or main building comprises the wards, chapel, parlors, communit}' rooms, apothecary's room and oflSce. A central corridor divides the wards. The wards on the first floor are appro- priated to resident old and infirm men, and the help. Those on the second floor are occupied HOSPITALS.— ASYLUMS.— CEMETERIES. 661 by the male patients, the marine patients on one side and the general patients on the other. The wards on the third floor are occupied by female patients on one side, and resident old and infirm women on the other. The wings are divided into thirty rooms, occupied by private patients and boarders. They are entirely separated from the main building, with which the}' communicate onl}' bj' the outside galleries. The apartments of the North wing are fitted up in stj'le of comfort and elegance. The Soutii wing is intended for resident boarders. The treatment of the sick is provided for bj' the formation of a medical staff composed of distinguished physicans and surgeons of the City. The following named physicians form the medical staff of this hospital : Surgeon in Chief — John W. Bond. Consulting Surgeons — W. W. .Tones, S. F. Forbes, James Coldham, S. W. Skinner, J. T. Woods. Consulting Physicians — ■S. H. Bergen, W. T. Bidenour, G. Fenneberg, H. M. Scbnetzler, C. H. Reed. Attending Surgeons — G. A. Collamore. A. W. Fisher, W. Cherry, S. S. Thorn, G. W. Bowen, J. H. Curry. Attending Physicians— C. A. Kirlvley, J. M. Wad- dick, H. A. Root, W. C. Chapman, M. Jungbluth, J. T. Lawless. H. M. Sclmetzler, President of Staff. C. A. Kirkley, Secretary of Staff. Medical Board— W. VV. Jones, S. F. Forbes, S. H. Bergen, H. M. Schuetzler, James Coldham, S. S. Thorn, W. T. Ridenour, W. C. Chapman. Jno. W. Bond, President of Board. W. C. Chapman, Secretary of Board. PROTESTANT HOSPITAL OF TOLEDO. In September, 1874, steps were taken by the Woman's Christian Association for the estab- lishment in Toledo of a Hosfiital, for the bene- fit of such persons as might have need of accom- modations to be furnished thereby. The fol- lowing ladies were then appointed as a Board of Trustees for such purpose, to wit : Mesdames Ira L. Clark, Geo. Stebbins, H. M. Clark, Fred. Prentice, John N. Stevens, A. E. Scott, I. N. Poe, Plympton Buck, W. Waddick, S. Suydam, Perry Crabbs, and James H. Maples; and Messrs. Wager Swayne, Eobert Cummings, Wm. H. Scott and H. S. Walbridge ; and Drs. S. S. Lungren and S. H. Bergen. The Hos- pital was intended to be iinsectarian as to reli- gion, and irrespective of methods in medical practice. The property on Union Street, now (1887) occupied by the hospital, was purchased for $8,000, and the first patient admitted in October, 1874. In December, 1876, it being thought best by both the Woman's Christian Association and the Hospital Board, that the Hospital should become an indejjeudent organization, it was in- corporated under the name of " The Protestant Hospital of Toledo," when the property was passed over to the new organization, in con- sideration of its assuming all liabilities and maintaining the establishment on the basis proposed. Throughout, the institution has labored under great disadvantage from lack of adequate accommodations and from limited financial means. And yet, as shown by the tenth annual I'cport of the Secretary, over 700 patients have been cared for during the first decade; the current expenses, amounting to over $13,000, have been met ; while $8,000 has been paid for the property. Considering the serious embarrassments under which the man- agers have labored, tiiese results may be ac- cepted as both creditable and liopeful. Al- though since 1876, the medical care of the Hospital has been in the hands of the Lucas County Homceopathic Society, its doors have been at all times open equally to physicians of whatever form of practice, wlio might see fit to attend upon the inmates. In March, 1887, it was decided by the man- agers to proceed to the erection of a new Hos- pital building, and also to combine with the institution of an "Old Man's Home." Steps to that end have already been taken, and it is hoped that during another year an establish- ment will be furnished which will be a credit to Toledo. The present officers of the Hospital are as follows : President— Mrs. I. L. Clark. Vice President— Mrs. I. N. Poe. Secretary — Mrs. A. E. Scott. Treasurer — Mrs. H. H. Pierce. Managers — Mesdames I. L. Clark, I. N. Poe, S. S. Lungren, A. E. .Scott, Geo. Stebbins. John Farley, R. D. Flinn,* J. N. Stevens, J. G. Gould, W. T. Row- sey, S. W. Nettleton, H. H. Pierce, E. P. Raymond, Alonzo Chesbrough, F. C. Chapin, G. W. Hart, W. S. Tburstin, F. Trowbridge, W. Kline, T. P. Brown, W. B. Scott, A. L. Spitzer, J. Daiber, S. C. Schenck and C. W. Hussey. Advisory Board— Messrs. H. S. \Valbridge, Lean- der Burdick, J. K. Secor, F. C. Cihapin, T.'C. Row- land, W. S. Thurstin, I. N. Poe, C. A. King, J. H. Bowman, U. H. Buck, Richard Waite, W. H. Scott, P. F. Berdan*, E. H. Van Hoesen and S. R. Mac- laren. CARE FOR THE INSANE. Ohio has nothing to be ashamed of, in the treatment given to her unfortunate citizens with " minds diseased." No Western or South- ern State, and very few States in other sec- tions, are in advance of her in that respect. The Asylum at Columbus was among the first in the country in such provision; and as with increasing population the demand for such ac- commodations has advanced in magnitude, the call has been most promptly' and liberally met in new institutions. And what is said of the State, is as true of many Counties of Ohio, by which, as the State's •Deceased. •Deceased. 562 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LVCAS COUNTY. facilities became exhausted, local provision was made, to the end that no unfortunate resident should suffer from lack of proper care. Lucas Count}- was not backward in such provision. In 1871, an Asylum in connection with, but practically separate from, the County Infirm- ary, was established, in which ultimately ac- commodations were furnished for 100 patients, who wore to be supplied with as complete facilities for care and treatment as the circum- stances would permit. The original purpose was to provide for County demands only; but as the resources of the State became exhausted, limited accommodations for State patients were furnished in the local Asylum. This arrange- ment has continued until this time. In view of the increasing demand for accom- modations for the cai-e of the insane of the State, the Legislature, in April, 1883, provided for a Commission whose duty it was made to determine upon a plan bj- which such provi- sion should be made, and to select a site for such new institution as they should decide upon. The Commission appointed for the purpose, adopted the Detached-Ward System, and fixed the location near the City of Toledo, upon a tract of 150 acres of land donated for the pur- pose by Lucas County. The site is ujwn the old United States Military Road leading from Port Wayne, on the Detroit River, to Fort Meigs, on the Maumee River, and about four and a half miles from the business center of Toledo ; having a frontage on the turnpike of 3,200 feet. The surface is even, and is 49 feet above Swan Creek, which is near by on the ■ North, and the Maumee River on the South, at a common stage of water, affording ample means for perfect drainage. The soil is dry, and easily brought to a high state of cultiva- tion, and is well ada])ted to Asylum purposes. The buildings are to be upon lines, at no point nearer than 450 feet distant from any public highway. The location having been made by the Com- mission remote from either of the existing Asylums for the Insane, the Governor ap- pointed George L. Johnson and John W. Fuller, of the City of Toledo ; Wm. E. Haynes, of Fremont; John W. Nelson, of Bryan ; and Robert G. Pennington, of Tiffin, Trustees, to proceed \yith the erection of the buildings under the plans and specifications adopted by the Commission. The Tru,stees organized by choosing Mr. Johnson as President, and Mr. Nelson as Secretarj' pro tern. The plan of this Asylum is a somewhat radi- cal departui-efrom thatof any other institution for the insane in the State, and one of two or three onlj- of similar design in the country. Itjwill comprise, when completed, about fifty buildings, and is known as the Detached Ward, or Cottage Plan, as distinguished from the old or "Kirkbride System," and will have a ca- pacity, without crowding, for accommodating 1,000 inmates. The following-named buildings constitute the plan, as adopted hy the Trus- tees, to wit : AdminLstration building. Kitchen and Bakery building. 2 Dining and Employes' buildings. 1 Laundry building. 1 Boiler House and Fuel building. 1 Store building. 1 Chapel building. 2 Hospital buildings, to contain (iO patients. 2 Infirm ward " " 120 " 2 Strong " " " 144 4 Pavilion " " 136 4 " " " 200 4 " " " 176 4 u u u J20 4 " '. ■. 104 The contract for the erection of these build- ings was let in June, 1884, to M. J. & Wm. Ma- lone, for 8399,763. This amount has been in- creased by improvements in execution of con- tract. The buildings are now (Noveml^er, 1887) substantially completed and the Asylum nearly prepared for patients. The total cost of the establishment, including furniture and fur- nishings, is placed at $750,000, which will jjro- vide for 1,060 inmates and 212 employes, at a cost of S707.15 per ]iatient, against an average cost for each patient in 31 Asylums, of SI, 175. Following is the official roster of the Asvlum for 1887 : Board of Trustees — R. G. Pennington, Tiffin, President ; J. W. Fuller, Toledo ; W. E. Havnes, Fremont; John H. Doyle, Toledo ; D. W.H. Howard, Wau.seon. Architects— E. 0. Fallis, Toledo ; I. W. Yost, Co- lumbus. Superintendent of Construction — lames Winans. Superintendent — H. A. Tobey. M. D. Assistant Physician.? — H. C. Eyman, M. D.; S. W. Skinner, M. D. " Secretary — H. A. Tobey. Matron— Mrs. M. C. Tobey. Steward and Financial Officer — Alfred Wilkm. Engineer, F. E. Peck. Electrician— T. W. Day. CEMETERIES. The first provision made in Toledo for the deposit of the dead, consisted of about two acres of land set apart for that purpose about 1830, by Dexter Fisher. It was part of 80 acres owned by Mr. Fisher, and lay on the Soutii side of the public i-oad froni Port Law- rence to Tremainesville, and near the crossing of Madison and Seventeenth Streets. It was used for several years and until about 1840, when it was abandoned for such purpose. The body of the 80-acre tract now constitutes Mott's First and Second Additions to Toledo. Early in the history of Vistula, a small piece of ground now at the crossing of Lagrange and Bancroft Streets, was to a limited extent used for burial purposes. It was on the road from "Lower Town" to Monroe and Detroit; HOSPITALS.— ASYLUMS.— CEMETERIES. 563 lienco, tbe story of the man \vbo stated that upon inquiring his vfdj to Detroit, he was told to take "the most traveled road," and soon found himself in agrave-jard. These grounds were not used to great extent, and were wholly abandoned about 1838. In 1838, the proprietors of Port Lawrence plat set apart lot No. 859 (corner of Dorr and Lenk Streets), for burial purposes; and in January, 183!l, the City Council made provi- sion for fencing the land and laying it out in lots. Ere long, however, the property was sold for taxes, and thus passed out of the hands of the Cilj'. The first permanent provision by the City of Toledo for the burial of the dead was made in 1839, when eight acres of land was purchased of B. F. Stickney. It lay outside the City limits, and has been known as Forest Ceme- tery. From time to time, as occasion de- manded, the grounds were cleared and platted for market. By 18(55, the accommodations of the premises had become so far exhausted, as to make further provision necessary, when a committee consisting of James C. Hall, Wm. Baker and D. E. Gardner, was appointed by the City Council, whose dutj' it was made to make examination of lands near to the City, with the view of ascertaining the most desir- able location for a new Cemetery. After care- ful examination these gentlemen made report recommending the purchase by the City of portions of Sections 22 and 23, Washington Township. The Council finally concluded that the location was too remote from the City, and made purchase of 18 acres adjoining Forest Cemetery, making a total of 26 acres. Since that extension (now 22 years), the rapidly in- creasing population of the City has with cor- responding rapidity reduced the accommoda- tions of these grounds, making necessary other provision. To this end, by an associa- tion of citizens, Woodlawn Cemetery Associ- ation was organized in December. 1876, and the following named Trustees elected, to wit : "Wm. St. John, C. B. Phillips, H. S. Walbridge, J. L. Stratton, B. F. Griffin, Heman D. Wal- bridge, H. S. Stebbins, D. W. Curtis and Edward Malone. After careful examination of various tracts, it was found that the land recommended by the Council Committee in 1865, was most suitable for the purpose. It was known as the Richards farm, lying North- west of Ottawa River and containing 160 acres, and was purchased. Steps were at once taken for laying out the grounds for the pur- pose of the Association. The area is comprised in 79 sections, containing about 8,000 lots and 5,000 single graves, with tlie requisite space for carrying out the park plan. The grounds lie favorable for convenience in use and beauty and taste in arrangements. The main improvements consist of a receiving vault, a chapel, an office, an artificial lake, a s^Tstem of sewerage, with drives and avenues. The prices of lots vary fi-om 25 cents to $1.00 per square foot. The grounds were formally dedicated on Sunday, October 21, 1883,. the services being participated in by Revs. D. G. Strong, Wm. W. Williams, B. A. Wood and J. A. P. McGaw ; by Messrs. F. R. Williams and S. C. Bennett, and Misses Genevra Johnson and Mary Spencer, as singers; Mrs. Heman D. Walbridge reciting a poem, and Mr. W. H. Maher reading an original poem. H. iS. Walbridge, President of the Association, addressed the audience in explanation of the action of the Board in connection with the grounds. The present officers of the Associa- tion are as follows : President — Horace 8. Walbridge. ViL,e President — .loseph K. Secor. Treasurer— Edgar H. Van Hoesen. Clerk — Thomas H. Walbridge. Trustees-H. S. Walbridge, J. K. Secor, J. J. Barker, A. E. Macoraber, S. M. Young, W. S. Brain- ard, Robert Barber, C. F. Curtis, Dennis Maloney, A. Burger, Dr. O. S. Brigham, Dr. Albert Claypool. Superintendent and Engineer — Frank Eurich. In this connection the following list of the principal Cemeteries of the United States, with the dates of their establishment and areas, will be of interest : Name. Location. Established. Mount Auburn Boston 1S31 Laurel Hill Philadelphia 183(5 Greenwood Long Island 1838 Green Mount Baltimore 1839 Mount Hope Rochester 1845 Alleghany Pittsburgh 1845 Cave Hill Louisville 1845 Spring Grove Cincinnati 1845 Hollywood Richmond 1847 Forest Hills Boston 1848 Cypress Hill Long Island 1848 Calvary New York 1848 Evergreen New Haven 1849 Oak Hill Georgetown, D. C. -1849 Bellefontaine St. Louis 1^9 Forest Lawn Buffalo 1850 Woodland Boston .. 1851 Evergreen Brooklyn 1851 Lutheran New York 1852 Elmwood Memphis 1852 Fairmount Newark, N. J 1855 Swan Point Providence 1858 Ro.se Hill Chicago 1859 Newton Boston 18(30 Oak Ridge Springfield, 111 _... 18(50 Woodlawn New York . 1S63 Crown Hill Indianapolis 18()3 Oakwood Chicago 18(54 Mountain View.- Oakland 1865 Cedar Hill Hartford 1868 Woodraere Detroit 1869 West Laurel HilL.Philadelphia 1869 Lake View Cleveland 1870 Riverside Cleveland 1875 Woodlawn Toledo.— 1876 Oakwood Trov, N. Y Forest Hills Utica, N. Y Forest Home Milwaukee Lone Mountain _. -San Francisco Acres. 130 200 450 360 200 600 95 200 400 100 40 35 332 250 100 340 400 80 60 250 250 SO 75 400 360 300 200 254 200 115 300 102 160 200 664 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Beside the Cemelories above mentioned, are the following, within the City, or used for the burial of the dead from the City, to wit: Coi.LiNowooD Cemetery.— Phillips Avenue, near Duko Street, West Toledo ; in connection with West Toledo Methodist Episcoiial Church. St. Fr.ViS'cis de Sales.— Northwest corner La- grange Street and Manhattan Road ; in connection with St. Francis de Sales Catholic Church. St. M.Mn's. — Northwest corner Lagrange Street and Manhattan Road ; in connection with St. Mary's Catholic Church, and adjoining the grounds of St. Francis de Sales. St. Patrick's. — South side Wayne Street and be- tween Western Avenue and Gibbons Street ; in con- nection with St. Patrick's Catholic Church. St. Peter's.— Southeast corner of Western Avenue and Wayne Street ; in connection with St. Peter's Catholic Church. Cemetery Benevolent Association. — Cemetery East side Maumee River, opposite Water Works ; de- signed chiefly for burial of .Jewish persons. Officers of the Association : N. D. Oesterman, President ; S. Van Noorden, Vice President ; J. Simon, Secretary ; L. Geleerd, Treasurer. Willow Cemetery. — In Oregon Township, near Toledo City line, and between Woodville and Grasser Streets. It belongs to Oregon Township. On these grounds is the monument, erected mainly by mem- bers of Ford Post Grand Army of the Republic and citizens of East Toledo and Oregon. Calvary Cemetery. — On Dorr Street and ad- joining the Agricultural Fair Grounds. It contains about GO acres of land ; is designed for the u.se of all Catholic Churches, and wa.s dedicated in November, 1SS7, by Bishop Gilmour, of Cleveland Diocese. GRAVE ROBBING. The first case of "grave robbing" in the Maumee Valley, probably, occurred at Fort Meigs, in 1823, when the body of Bailej- Biaiicesley was disinterred. It was found partly dissected, in the barn of a Surgeon. A public meeting was held, a committee of which reported that under the law, all that could be done was to " pro.secute the accused for larceny, in taking away tiie shroud or winding sheet of the dead ; " whereupon, the meeting entreated and advised the partie.s con- cerned "to leave the place in 90 days." All did not accept this invitation, one of them continuing there for nearly 60 years beyond the " 90 dajs " named for his departure. The deceased was a young man who had been in the neighborhood about a j^ear, and was attended by one of the physicians charged as above. Among the citizen.s taking part in the meeting referred to, were Samviel Hubbcll, Wm. Pratt and Samuel SpaflFord. It may justly be stated in this connection, that the facilities enjoyed in this region bj^ medical practitioners and Surgeons at tliat time for the study of the human sj^stem, were very meagre, in com- parison with those supplied by the various Medical Schools of the present day ; and the 025]3ortunities for obtaining subjects for dis- section correspondingly less than now. Hence, there may well be liberal allowance made for any vigorous efforts by practitioners to secure such means for the study of their profession. At his store in Toledo in 1838, C. G. Mc- Knight sold " Miles's Compound Extract of Tomato — a sovereign remedy for fevers of all kinds — warranted to cure if directions were followed." Until that time and thereafter, the Tomato had been popularly known as the " Love Apple," was cultivated to very limited extent, and almost wholly as a garden ornament. Its flavor was such as to require cultivation of taste for it, while there was more or less prejudice against it on the score of its alleged poisonous qualities. CHAPTEE III. DRAINAGE. ■ WATKE SUPPLY. PARKS. DRAINAGE. now are the Court House and High School build- . ing, ofwhich mention is nioreiiarticularly made APRIL 18, 1830, the Council first recognized elsewhere. Upon reaching tlie present crossing tiie necessity for draining the lower lands of Huron and Adams Streets, they found that withm the City, by authorizing the Street |„ ji^gj,. ^.j^gg attention to jumping from log to Commissioner to " take immediate measures to ^iog in the swale which then covered the locality, fill up, drain or otherwise to iniprove all the tliey had missed their geographical bearings, low and marshy grounds m the City, provided j^^^, ]j,^g^ ^^^ <.,,gi,. ^.^^ ^^j j^ f^^.^.^ ^hgy such improvement cost not to exceed $500-a ^^^^.^ u jogj - ^nd were guided out of their di- sum sadly inadequate to the end for which miles lemma only by the sound of a high-pressure of sewers have since been constructed at a cost steamboat passing in the River. No part of of hundreds of thousands of dollars. Toledo is now more thoroughly drained or "Draining Mud Creek, was the subject of ,j,o,.g healthful, than the loc^ality of that old an editorial in the Blade of February 28, 1845. g^ale Said Creek was then a sluggish stream— hardly ^j^^ ^.^^^,^3 ^j g^^^.^^. construction in Toledo more than a lagoon— running generally paral- ^^ December 31, 1886, are shown in the fol- lel with the River and lying North of Summit lowing statement, to wit : Street, in what is yet more or less low ground. At the date named it was a source of much No. Sewers built 258 sickness— probably a main contributor to the No. Man-holes to same 1,181 bad repute as to health whichToledo then had. fp- Catch-basins_ 1,194 m «. ,« ,„„,,,. ^^„„t,.„^.t^ri ,■„ iT.^i„^« ,.,„„ Sizes and extent— 6 feet diameter, miles-_ 2.2666 The first sewer constructed in loledo was - ,1 ,, u S ''170 placed in Monroe Street, in 1848. It extended 4 " " " "_' 2!5856 from the River 1,700 feet on Monroe, and 3 " " " -_- 3.S709 thence East 300 feet to the lagoon between 2.5 " " •' .._ 2. .5026 that Street and Jefferson. It was sunken from ^ " || ", -- ^Jooo? 10 to 15 feet; was 3x4 feetin size and cost about 1 foot •' " '." 0633 $3,000, or $1.50 per foot. The second sewer Total length of Sewers, miles '.'.'. 47!o246 was in Oak Street; same size as in Monroe Total cost of Sewers $826,295.39 Street; extending from River to St. Clair No. Sewers connecting with Maumee River 9 Street, 850 feet ; cost $5,500 ; with open drain ^o- '\ " \\ Ottawa '' 1 from St. Clair to the Canal, 1,400 feet; which ^°- !, .. „ Ca'nll 1 cost $1,300. No. " " " Bayou'l-I^-I.-III-I 1 Since the construction of the two Sewers named, that branch of improvement has gone The result of this thorough provision for drain- forward with more or less of regularity, until age has been to take Toledo from its early jio- the City now possesses one of the best systems sition among the unhealthy localities of the of drainage in the country. Few localities country, and to place her in the very front have had more of topographical obstacles to rank of most healthy Cities of the World, contend with in that connection, than has To- Whereas, as elsewhere shown, malarial diseases ledo. Visitors now coming here can have no were both common and fatal daring the earlier adequate appreciation of what has been accom- years of the settlement, these have almost plisbed, except as the}' examine the record of wholly ceased. Such a thing as bilious fever or results. The large extent of lagoon, swale fever and ague is now rarely met by medical and marsh, which at the outset substantially practitioners there. While this is true of that occupied the space between Summit and Mich- class of diseases, it is an important fact, that igan and Monroe and Cherry Streets — the. very rarely is a locality found where as few epi- heart of the City— has almost wholly disap- demies of any sort appear, as in Toledo. It is peared, here and there now appearing a few many years since such prevailed to any localities showing the original level, while serious extent of fatality. This state of things these are thoroughly drained. In this con- is no doubt chiefly due to the drainage named nection it may be stated, that in 1833, Messrs. and to the admirable system of water supply Jessup W. and J. Austin Scott, undertook an elsewhere noticed at some length, the two examination of the 70-acre tract then recently agencies acting together with most beneficent purchased by the former gentleman, on which results. [565] 666 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. The improved condition of Toledo in the matter of hoaltli, is best shown in the following comparative stutement of the annual death rate per 1,(100 inhabitants in the Cities named, as shown in the month of January, 1880, to wit: Boston, Mass 25.80 Lowell, Mass 28.00 Worcester, Mass 16.00 SpriiiKlield, Ma,ss 20.20 New Haven, Conn 16.50 New York Citv 21.70 Utica, X. Y..:. 31.30 Ncw^ark, N.J 22.50 I'itt.sburgh, Penn 24.40 Philadelphia 15.20 District of Columbia 22.40 Cleveland, Ohio l-t-30 Oayton, Ohio 13.40 Cincinnati. Ohio 13.40 Callipolis, Ohio 19.00 Indianapolis, Ind H.^O Evan.-^ville, Ind 22.20 Chicago, 111 15.80 Peoria, 111 31.20 Quincv, 111 20.80 Milwaukee, Wis 15.10 St. Paul, Minn 15.30 Average of these 22 Cities 19.38 Toledo's rate, same time 13.G8 Difference in favorof Toledo 5.70 The following like table prejJared for 1885, presents Toledo in still more favorable light, to wit : Boston 22.41 Baltimore 19.55 St. Louis 18.70 Cincinnati 18.37 Buflfalo 42.85 San Francisco 19.58 Cleveland 18.11 Detroit 19.39 Memphis 23.80 Nashville 19.10 Atlanta 20.53 Wilmington, Del 18.25 Oakland, Cal 12.17 Yonkers, N. Y 20.45 Toledo 13.23 Average of Cities named 20.37 Difference in favor of Toledo 7.14 In his report for 1886, Health Officer Van Pelt shows the i-ecord of Toledo to have been at that time even better than as given in 1880 or 1885. He said : The total number of deaths for the year ending December 31, 1886, was 935. This gives us an an- nual death rate, on a population determined by actual enumeration last Summer, of 12.89 per thou- sand. The census taken by the City gives a popula- tion of 72,504 ; and on this population the mortuary rate is made. The care taken in making our records, together with the fact that we know what our popu- lation is, gives us figures that are strictlv accurate and reliable. Never before in the history of Toledo has the rate been so low, when based on reliable figures. It still maintains its own proud rank among the very healthiest Cities of the world. Only two Cities of the United States, so far as I have seen, lay claim to a lower mortuary rate. These are St. Paul, Minn., and Denver, Col., and these have made a rate based upon an estimated population. WATER SUPPLY. TOLEDO WATER wui;KS-is;:;. From the earliest settlement at Toledo, the matter of proper supply of acceptable water for beverage and domestic purposes, was a consideration of serious concern. The nature of soil and tojiOLjraphy of the locality, plainly showed that whatever might temporarily be done in that direction, measures would ere long become indispensable for securing a supply better in quality and more ample in quantity than any to be lurnislied by ordinary excavated Wells. The general presence of clay soil, clearly forbade dependence on what could be little more than the accumulation of surface drainage, which from the first was made unfit by the annual decay of heavy vegetable growth, and must become yearly more unfit by the offal of increasing population. The trouble from this source was seriously enhanced in seasons of hot weather attended by drouth — notably 1888, when fevers I'aged here with fatal sever- ity, largely due to the almost total lack of water fit for beverage. To this cause, in some degree, no doubt, was due the unfavorable rep- utation of Toledo in respect to healthfulness. The discussion of this subject in a general way was continued for many years, without its .solution. Finally, attention was called to the plan of Artesian Wells, which about that time was attracting considerable intei-est in this cotintrj', as it long had done in the Old World. With nothing better than theory to act upon, steps were taken by different individuals look- ing to a test of the faith that underlying Toledo was an abundant supply of pure, health}^ water, which was accessible by boring through the rock by which it was covered. Among those entertaining such faith, was the late Lyman Wheeler, who commenced boring for water at his store, corner of Monroe and St. Clair Streets (now the site of Wheeler Opera House). Others had preceded Mr. Wheeler in the same effort, but his was the first signal success. The size DRAIN A OE.— WA TER S UPPL Y.— PARKS. 567 of the auger used was 8| inches, and that of the iron pipe inserted eight inches. In June, 1850, at the depth of 55 feet, water was reached, which rose to within six feet of the surface. The cost of the well, complete, was about $55, or $1.00 per foot. The water was found to be pure and clear, but was not as "soft" as had been hoped for, which fact was a source of se- rious disappointment. Still, its other qualities placed it so far ahead of both the ordinary Well water and that of the River, that the discovery of an Artesian supplj^ was liailed with general satisfaction b}- the citizens, and was followed by the successful boring of several Wells by others. The second Well of this kind was that on Jelferson Street, between Summit and St. Clair, having been bored about 1853. Among the first Artesian Wells within the present limits of Toledo, was one bored about 1852 at Man- hattan, and to a depth of some 100 feet. As the City extended in improvements, the demand for a water supply for fire purposes became felt more and more. So long as this call could be met from the River and the Canal, no inconvenience existed which could not be overcome by efforts of the Firemen ; but in the course of time, improvements got beyond such sources of supply, and other provision was found indispensable. June 9, 185:!, the City Council provided for four Public Wells, to be located— one near cor- ner of Summit and Lagrange; one near corner of Summit and Cherry ; one near corner of Summit and Adams ; and one near corner of St. Clair and Washington. These wells were to be provided by boring, the hole to be six inches in diameter and provided with iron jiipe. In connection with these vvells (the last named only excepted), were to be provided reservoirs -20 feet deep and eight feet in diameter, for the use of the Fire Department. In April, 1854, A. J. Field at his Car Works, in the Fifth Ward, succeeded in obtaining a free flow of water, after boring to the dejith of about 100 feet, the last 10 of which was through solid rock. The first definite steps toward a public suj)- ply of water were taken in 1855. In August of that year was submitted to the vote of the people a proposition to issue $25,000 of City bonds for the purpose of a Water supply. The plan was, that of such sum 15,000 be devoted to sinking an experimental Artesian Well, as a test of the practicability of obtaining an ade- quate supply from that source. The vote on such proposition was taken August Ifith, with the following result : Word. No. Votes. Yes. Jfo. Majority. First 50 ■ 36 14 22 Second 54 37 17 20 Third 36 31 5 26 Fourth 155 134 21 113 295 238 57 181 This movement was in gi-eat measure insti- gated by the pervading belief among the ])eoplo of Toledo, that the severity of the cholera in the City during the summer of 1854, was to groat extent due to tiie nature of the water supplied by excavated wells, the only source then in use. These wells in the portion of the City below Cherry Street, were said to bo, on an average, not more than 15 feet in depth. The water, while clear and without specially objectionable taste when drawn, ere long showed the presence of vegetable matter. In both 1852 and 1854, the cholera was more prevalent and more fatal in that section than in any other of the City. In 1849 the differ- ence in that respect between that and the upper section was less, a condition accounted for by the fact, that between 1849 and 1852, Artesian water had measurabij' come into use in the latter section referred to. It was the belief that water from wells dug in clay soils, piercing no stratum of sand or gravel to act as filter, could not be tit for use. April 6, 1858, the ordinance providing for a Board of Water Works, passed September 4, 1855, was repealed, the experiment of boring for water on Adams Street not proving satis- factory. In May, 1858, I. N. Hathaway bored an Ar- tesian Well at the corner of Superioi- and Orange Streets, to the dejjth of 90 feet, when water arose to within six feet of the surface. About the same time Judge Mj-ers bored a Well in the basement of his brick block, Northeast corner of Summit and Monroe Streets. June 21, 1859, the Council authorized the issue of 110,000 additional bonds to provide for the boring of Artesian Wells within the City. The State Fair at Toledo, September, 1869, was sujjplied with water from an artesian well on the grouttds. It consisted of a shaft 10 feet in diameter and 60 deep, from the bottom of which were sunk three 3-inch holes 82 feet be- low, making a total of 142 feet depth. The water arose to within 22 feet of the surface, and was taken by means of a steam pump, and dis- tributed through 7,000 feet of pipe, costing $1,800. The well cost the City $3,500 ; making $5,300 in all. The pump was used for eight days, and the quantity of water taken ranged from 900 to 4,600 barrels per day. The stage of water in the main well varied from 32 to 51 feet. A trial showed that the ])ump was not able to reduce the stage of water, although taking 350 to 360 barrels per hour. This led to the belief that the supply of water was ample for the use of the City. March 10, 1868, the Council ap]iointed a Com- mission, con.sisting of Major C. A. King, J. H. Whitaker, Calvin Crane and Wm. C. Huffman, to visit Locki3ort and Auburn, N. Y., to ex- amine systems of Water Works in those Cities. March 27th, this Commission made report to the Council, that they had examined the Holly 668 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. system of AVater Works in the Cities named, and submitted a proposition for the adoption of the same in Toledo, to include 4.600 feet of 16- ineh pipe ; IS, 600 feet 12-inch pipe ; 25,600 feet 10-inch; 4,300 feet 8-ineh ; 46,400 feet of six and four inch ; making a total of 18J miles of pipe at a cost of S;iT!),178. April 1, 1868, the Council provided for sub- mission to the vote of the electors a projiosition to issue bonds to the amount of §500,000, at 7 per cent, interestfor 20 years, for the construc- tion of Water Works on the plan named ; which proposition, April 6th, was defeated on a vote of 567 " Yes," to 2,695 " No." This re- sult was chiefly due to the indefiniteness of the terms of the proposition. March 29, 1869, the Council provided for submission to pojjular vote of another proposi- tion to issue §100,000 in bonds for Water Works pur2J0ses, which resulted in a vote of 1,000 " Yes," to 2,673 " No." The plan proposed in this case, was, substantially, limited to the use of water Irom the Canal, cliiefly for the Fire Department. October 3, 1870, a Committee of the Council was appointed, to examine and report as to several kinds of Water Works in use, and also as to the capabilities of Artesian Wells for a supply of water. The Committee consisted of Henry Philipps, Luther Whitney. Daniel Se- gur, J. G. Nclen and Wm. St. John. May 15, 1871, provision was made for the employment of an Engineer to prepare esti- mates for Water Works. November 6, 1871, A. E. Ketcham, Engineer, made I'eport of estimates for Water Works. February 5, 1872, the Committee on Water Supply presented an estimate of cost for the Holly system of Water Works, which consisted of one Holly Pump, pump wells, settling reser- voirs, 25 miles of pipe, 144 stop-valves, and 204 fire-hydrants, to cost §500,000. The report was approved and the proposition submitted to the vote of the electors April 1st. when the vote stood: "Yes," 3,480, "No," 1,082. May 20th, provision was made for the elec- tion of a Board of Water Works Trustees. June 11th, at such election, John P. Free- man, Edward Malone and Carl Schon were chosen, who organized by the election of Mr. Freeman as President, with George C. Pepper as Secretary pro tern. August 20, 1872, the Water Works Board employed Moses Lane, of Milwaukee, Wiscon- sin, as Chief Engineer of construction. December 9, 1872, the Engineer presented to the Board an estimate for Water Works, to cost §555,987, which was presented by the Board to the Council. Inasmuch as the plan thus jM-e- sented was not the Holly plan, but the Stand- Pipe system, the Council, December 30, 1872, called upon the Trustees to " report the reasons why they had not followed the directions of the Council, as contained in the ordinance passed May 20, 1872," which provided for " Water Works on the Holly or some other plan of direct suppl3^" January 13, 1873, the Trustees responded, ex- pressing their regret that apparent disagree- ment should have arisen between them and the Council in the premises; and submitting the report of the Chief Engineer, giving reasons for the choice made b}' the Board. The plan con- sisted of conveying water b}- means of force pumps into a Stand-pipe, four feet inside diam- eter, and 153 feet vertical height, and thence by a main pipe of 30 inches to the service pipes in the Citj-. At the same session the Council directed the City Solicitor to institute legal proceedings to settle the question of the power of the Trustees to adopt a system of Water Works independ- ent of the will of the Council. The issue thus arising between the two bodies came to be very sharp, with more or less mani- festation of feeling. The matter was actively discussed by the City press, and for several weeks constituted a matter of general interest. Finally recognizing a doubt as to the sound- ness of its position, the Citj* Council, February 15, 1873, provided for sending a Special Com- mission to visit the principal Cities and exam- ine their various systems of Water Works, and make report to the Council. For such purpose, John T. Maher, J. S. Norton, J. D. Cook and H. A. Bo^-d were appointed. March 31, 1873, tlie report of this Special Commission was presented to the Council. It stated that the Commission had traveled over 3,000 miles in 18 States, occupying 23 days of time. Of the result of the examination, the report said : In order to secure a correct compari.son between the different systems and kinds of machinery, we have made all our calculations upon a common initial basis: the cost of raising one million gallons of water one foot high. * * * * -We give below the cost of rai.sing one million gallons one foot high, at the several points named by what is known as "Cornish," " Holly," and " Worthington Duplex" Engines : CORNISH ENGINES. Erie, Pa., 1,000,000 gallons one foot high.lO}.^ cents. Roxboro, Phila., " " " " •' ..12 7-10 " Schuylkill, Pa, " " " " " __n 2-10 " HOLLY ENGINES. Dunkirk, N.y., 1,000,000 gal. one ft. high_61 cents. Columbus, O., " " " '• "..22 3-10" Dayton, O., " ' " ..473.^ Covington, Kv., " " " " " ..36}| Indianapohs, ind., " " " " "..18 1-10" WORTHINGTON DUPLEX ENGINES. Poughkeepsie.N.Y., l,000,000gal. 1ft. high, lOS-lOcts Belleville, N. J., " " " " .. 8 cents. Newark, N. J., " " " " „ 8 " Roxboro, Pfiil., " " " " 99-10" Belmont, Phil., " 7 DRAINAGE.— WATER SUPPLY.— PARKS. 569 RECAPITULATION. Average cost of raising 1,000,000 gallons one foot high : Cornish Engines 11.35 cents. Holly Engines 37.80 " Worthington Duplex Engines S.(i4 '" The report presented the following eonclu- sion : We are satisfied from knowledge obtained, and the comparison of statistics given above, that for the use intended in our -case, there can be but little question which engine should be selected. The efficiency of the pumping service of a City underlies the prosperity, comfort, safety and health of its in- habitants, and such efficiency is dependent to a great extent upon the durability of the engines, and their freedom from accidents; and on these points, in the judgment of your committee, the Worthington Duplex is the most desirable. * * The system of pumping directly through the mains on what is known as the Holly plan for fire purposes, is in use in several of the Cities visited. After a thorough investigation, and weighing all the avail- able evitlence, we are clearly of the opinion that it is not what Toledo wants. There remains, therefore, but tlie ^-tand-Pipe system for consideration. Upon the reading of the report of the Special Commission (March olst), an ordinance was passed, whereby the Council assented to the action of the Trustees in the choice of the Stand-Pipe system, in place of the Holly jilan of Water Works, previoush" adojited by the Council. The disagreement between the Board of Water Works and the City Council having thus been removed by the action of tlie latter body, the former at once proceeded to the execution of their trust in the construction of the Works. These wei'e located on the West bank of the Maumee Eiver and on those parts of lots lb and 17, River Tract nine, lying be- tween Broadway and the River. Such was the energetic prosecution of the work, that on the 29th of December, 187o, water was delivered in the City, the first being received at the store of Fred. Eaton & Cora- pauj-, 165 and 1U7 Summit Street. The report of the Trustees for 1873, showed the following expenditures during the 3"ear, in the construction of the Water Works, to wit: For Cast-Iron Pipes, various sizes $178,939 68 '■ Hyflrants and Water Gates 11,084 OC " Pipe laying 36,704 80 ■' Two Duplex Pumping Engines .._ 105,000 00 ■' Building Stanil-Pipe (Iron work) 6,083 00 ■' Brick work on Stanf Coal consumed $4,097 24 Pounds of Coal for Pumping 5,063,665 Average Pounds per day for Pumping. 13,845 Duty in Pounds of Water raised one foot with 100 pounds of Coal, no deductions 37,340,917 Average height in Stand-Pipe, feet 162.83 Gallons pumped at cost of one cent for fuel 3,383 Cost of raising one million gallons one foot high, in cents $0.0501 Number of hours and minutes for fire purposes 120 h., 40 m. (j-o- DRAINAGE.— WATER SUPPLY.— PARKS. 571 Greatest number of gallons in one month 131,147,100 Least number of gallons in one month 108,707,840 Average monthly pumpage for the year 115,532,949 ENGINE EECORD FOR THE LAST TWELVE YEARS, UP TO 1887. Gallons of Cost of I'otal Gallons Gallons Yeak Waler Coal Cost of Pumping. Pimped at Pumped one Pumped lier Cost nf 1 cent foot high ivith Each IVar. Tun. jor Fuel. 1 lb. of Coal. 1S75.. fiC,:i,781,882 R40 $10,375.69 1,322.58 46,931 1.S76.. 7!10,.il:!,440 3.93 11.298.51 1,521.72 47,648 1877.. 8(l7,'.l!ll,li80 2.86 10,639.28 1,728.18 39,609 187S.. 94S,.511.C«0 2.33 10,048.98 2,128.32 39,814 1879 -. 1.140.ti2.->,640 i.Si 10,315.00 2,352.00 43,366 1880.. l,l96 1886 384,242 " 0.0203 0.0542 18S6 373,409 " 0.0185 0.0500 The machinery now in use includes two Worthingtou Compound Condensing Dujjjex Pumping Engines, with capacity of 5,00(1,000 gallons each per 24 hours; and one Knowles Engine of same description, with capacity of 7,000,000 gallons per 24 hours ; making a total daily capacity of 17,000,000 gallons. In con- nection with these, are eight Return Tubular Boilers, 63 inches in diameter and 16 feet in length. JOSIAH D. COOK, is recognized as promi- nent among the Civil Engineers of the West. Although for more than 25 years a resident of Toledo, and closely identified with its interests, his field of operation lor a large portion of that time has covered several States in the West and Southwest. His great-grandfiither (a sturdy Quaker) came from England and settled in Virginia, as a farmer, where he died. A son, Wright Cook, removed to Warren County, Ohio, late in the 18th centuiy, and about 1816, set tied in Indiana, where he ended his days. One of his sous, Thomas P. (born in Virginia in 1802), made Warren County his home. Here the subject of this sketch was born, April 26, 1830, being the third of five children. The mother was drowned in the Mississinewa River, together with her youngest son, in 1843, and the father died from accident, in 1881, at the age of 77 years. The household being broken up, Josiah, then 13 j-ears old, sought employ- ment for his own support. Witliout much school education, he engaged for a time with a farmer in the neighborhood ; but soon con- cluded to be a Printer, and entered a printing office at Jonesboro, Indiana, as ajiprentice, working there and thereabouts until 1849, when, with his small savings, ho began the publication of the Western Union, at Marion. While conducting that paper, he read law^ with Judge John M. Wallace. Neither journalism nor law suiting him, in 1850 he took his first lessons in civil engineering, as chain and rod man in the survey of the line of the Indianaj5- olis, Peru and Chicago Railroad. At the end of four years he had attained to the grade of Civil Engineer, and engaged as Chief Engineer of the Marion and Mississinewa Valley Railroad (now of the Pan Handle System). He soon be- came associated in the organization of the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad Company, of which he was made the Cliief Engineer of Construction, conducting all its surve3S, for a time superintending its construction, and lo- cating a million acres of land granted to the Company by the United States, traveling on foot extensively in Northern Michigan. That enterprise becoming seriously embarrassed during the financial ])rostration following the panic of 1857, he withdrew from the same in 1859 ; and foreseeing protracted susjiension of Railroad building, turned his attention to other business. In March, 1861, he came to Toledo, and engaged in the Produce Commission trade, ill connection with Vincent Hamilton. At the close of the War of the Rebellion, he resumed his former business, by becoming the Engineer of the Smith Bridge Company of Toledo. The same year (1865), he was appointed Chief En- gineer of the Mansfield, Coldwater and Lake Michigan Railroad, continuing such connection until 1873. The same j-ear Mr. Cook made an important change in his business by turning his attention wholly to Water Works construc- tion. His first engagement of that kind, was as Chief Engineer of the Toledo City Water Works, the construction of which was done under his supervision, and the substantial char- acter of which yet remains and will long con- tinue a monument to his skill and attentive watchfulness. He was in charge of these Works for four years alter their completion ; at the same time and afterwards acting as Consulting Engineer for like works at Sanduskj-, Fre- mont, Springfield, Hamilton, Bellelontaine, Clyde, Norwalk and other Cities in Ohio; at Fort Wayne, Peru and Marion, Indiana ; at Omaha, Nebraska ; at Atlantic City, New Jer- sey ; and at Freeport, Illinois. Subsequently, he was identified with the construction and re- construction of Water Works systems at other points, including Savannah, Georgia ; New Or- leans, Louisiana ; Lexington, Kentucky ; Nash- 572 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. villeand Jackson, Tennessee ; Emiioria, Kansas ; Beatrice and Plattsmouth, Nebraska; Kacine, Wisconsin ; Lima and Ravenna, Ohio; Hills- dale, Michigan ; and Quincy, Illinois. Beside these, he has furnished the designs for like works for Galveston, Texas, and executed iiu- portant contracts for sewerage and other sani- tary work in Hillsdale and Jackson, Michigan. He is now (1887) acting as Consulting Engineer for Boston parties, whose operations embrace the construction of Water Works in various portions of the country. The first large stand- pipe in connection with Water Works con- structed in the world was the one at Sandusky, under Mr. Cook's direction. The record thus presented well indicates the success which has attended the superior talents and self-reliant energy of the farmer boy of Warren County. Still in the prime of active life, with added skill and matured experience, his course of success is yet onward. He was married at Marion, Indiana, in 1854, with Miss Eliza Jane, daugh- ter of Samuel McClure, one of the pioneers of that section. They have two children — Charles M., now Engineer of Maintenance of Way of Norfolk and Western Eailway (Norfolk, Virginia, to Bristol, Tennessee); and Miss Nellie, temporarily residing in Europe, and re- cently graduated at Imperial Conservatory of Music, at Vienna, Austria. PUBLIC PARKS. The matter of Public Parks was not seriously discussed in Toledo until 18ti5, at which time Judge Noah H. Swayne, since deceased, pro- posed to sell to the City the tract of 43 acres lying on Monroe Street and between Woodruff and Collingwood Avenues. His offer was to take City bonds in amount of $50,000, on 20 years' time at six per cent, interest. The matter was before the City Council, with fair prospect of adoption, when local jealousy on the part of members representing Wards distant from the grounds involved and other influences controlled votes enough to defeat the proposi- tion. The result at the time was a surprise and was generally regarded as a public mis- fortune, a view which since has been abund- antly justified, The location was more central than any other land availalile, while the price was very moderate. The tract soon there- after was platted by Judge Swayne and has since been nearly all sold and improved, and now constitutes one of the most valuable and attractive parts of the City. The estimated market value of the tract at this time (No- vember, 1887), exclusive of improvements, is $430,850, or $10,019 per acre ; against $50,000 for the tract, or $1,128 per acre, for which Judge Swayne offered to sell it to the City 22 years ago. In 1871 the City bought of Peter Lenk the block of land bounded by Nebraska Avenue, Lenk Street, Elizabeth Street and the Alley which is a continuation of Blum Street, which was set apart for public use and is now known as City Park. In 1873 lots 354 and 370, in- clusive, in Lenk's Addition to Toledo, were purchased by the City of H. S. Walbridge, when the Alley between these and the block above mentioned was vacated and said lots added to the Park. What is known as the House of Eefuge proijerty, consisting of 47 acres of lot No. 9, Comstock's Subdivision of Eiver tracts 12 and 13, on which the House of Refuge, burned in 1886, was located, has been turned over to the care of the Park Commissioners, for use as a Park. It is valued at $80,000. Some years ago the City vacated Ontario Street adjoining the Court House grounds and turned the same, with the adjoining portion of the old Canal bed, ovfer to the County, as an extension of the Court House grounds, upon the condition that the County and City should own in common the entire lands thus united, the same to be used for j)ublic buildings and for park purposes. Some years ago the City purchased the tri- angular lot bounded by Orange, Huron and Beach Streets, which is now open for public use. A plot similar to the one last mentioned, in the Swayne tract, is owned by the City. At the April City election in 188G was sub- mitted to the electors the question of bonding the City for $500,000, for the purchase of grounds for park purposes, which was rejected by a very decisive majority. The estimated value of the property above mentioned is $163,000. The Parks of the City are in charge of a Board of Commissioners, consisting (in 1887) of C. L. Young (President), Otto Schroeder and James Winans. CHAPTER IV. CHOLERA. DEOUTH. MESMERISM. EPIZOOTT. THE Cholera appeared in Toledo about June 1, 1854. Between that date and July 6th, 130 deathR Croni that disease occurred. Of these, 34 cases were in what was then known as " Utah," and now East Toledo, or the Sixth Ward of Toledo. The great body of the de- ceased were strangers, largely foreigners but recently arrived in this country. Of the 130, 112 were buried in the City Cemetery — 11 in private lots and 101 in the Potter's Field. It was officially reported that in a large majority of the cases, no attention had been paid to the premonitory symptoms of the disease, tbe patients having been past recovery before being known to the authorities. Tbe victims were huddled together in close and pestilential quarters ; and even when in way of recovery, they were guilty of gross imjjrudence, and neglect and thus subjected to fatal relapse. A largo portion of the cases were those just ar- rived here, with the germ of the disease already planted in their systems. A colon}' of German immigrants then recently arrived, suffered largely. Between July 6th and July 26th, 109 deaths from cholera occurred, averaging 6 per day, and ranging from 1 to 13 daily. Between July 26th and September Ist, 88 deaths occur- red, at which latter date the disease had ceased its ravages. The aggregate mortality of the season was 327. The peculiarities as to sub- jects of its fatality continued throughout, there having been comparatively few deaths among the classes of residents who were careful in diet and habits and prompt and judicious in the employment of remedies. All the condi- tions considered, it is safe to state, that the prevalence of the disease in Toledo at that time was not due so much to local causes exist- ing here, as to the condition and habits of those who happened to be here when attacked by tlie disease. In saying this, however, it is not to be understood that general cleanli- ness and other proper hygienic conditions are not potent in averting and modifying the ravages of that as of other fatal diseases. At that time, the population of Toledo was about 8,000 — showing the proportion of deaths to population to have been one to 44 ; a rate, which, though a sad one, was far below the mortality in other Cities from the same dis- ease. The following is a list of the persons who died of Cholera at that time, so far as the same could be prepared at the time : John Abell, Mr. Buttermeyer's child, Christian Buger, Henry Bruman, Harriet Burrows and child, Josephine Burrows, Robert Banlield, John Binger, Sophia Binger, Stephen Berri, John Bloner, Cath- erine Bartley, James Bridges, Chauncy Birch, Mrs. Burger, Mary Burger, Mary A. Beekman, Joseph Brandt, John Brandt, Christian Bower, John Baker, John Collins, John Collamer, John Conlisk, John B. Clark Jr., Mrs. W. Conwell, Cellar, Gerald Crosthausen, Henry Carl, Ocellina Ceuft, Francis Connell, John Dainscroder, Mrs. Dainscroder, Gilbert Douglass, Fred. Duba, Mary Doherty, Michael Daily, Michael Daugherty, Joseph Druilberger, John W. Engle, Eitel Christian, Mrs. Flynn, Geo. Fanster- macher, Geo. Frainks, Anna Fanncunn, Mr. Fitz- patrick's child, John Fox, Mary Ferrell, Mrs. John Fox, Geo. Frike, James Farnell, Edward, Mary and Caroline Fitzgerald, Adolph Fademan, Wm. Growe, John Glann, Henry Glador, Anthony Grundmar, Parley Gates, Philander Gates, John Gladey, Mrs. Glade'y, Mary Gallagher, W. H. Hall, John Hulce, Jacob Hupp, Barbara Hinkler, Mary Harbaum, Louisa Haselbeck, Mrs. P. Hoflman, John Holbert, Jos. Hartman, Catharine Hider, Augustus Hu.selrerse, L. Holmes, Mary Higgins, Ama Heimlicher, Fred- ericka Hosseldes, Mr. Hulse's child, Mrs. Halkert, Elizabeth Heidman, Heni-y Z. Hendauz, IMary Hulse, Geo. Jennings, John Jay, Mary Jennings, John Ja- cobus, John Jeffrey, McLynn Kraff, Wm. Kaluker, Patrick King, Michael Kennedy, Dominick Klyne, Bridget Kane, Mrs. Kingsbury, Jane Kelley, Eliza- beth Knapp, Lewis Lambert and wife, Herbert Les- lie, Chas. Lindsey, John Link, Elizabeth Leezen, Joseph Loibel, Chai'les Leezen, Chas. Lorans, Michael McCarty, Mrs. Mariorty, Margaret INIulchy, Timothy Mahony, Fred. Meisner, Dodd Mildab, John Moser, John McKay, Henry Mulcherfer, Margaret O'Hearn, John O'Neil, Yodelipp Ousel, John L. Peck, Caroline Fredericka, Sophia, John, Francis and Frederick Piper (the entire family); Henry Peck, S. L. Pasko, John Koland, Jacob Roland, Robert M. Roberts, Wm. Rolling, Martin Rinker, Laurence Ragan, The- resa Relin, Wm. Radclifl", Merine Satlice, Hannah Swaton, Jerome Stroup, Fred. Stahl, Patrick Schahon, Mary A. Spackford, Mary Sanger, Fred. Shafer, Se- line Swift, Mary Schrouder, Mrs. Susan Strong, John Sheen. David Shriver, Caroline Saxton, Louisa Sax- ton, Philip Shrouder, Dohann Sachou, Christ. Trot- ter, Joseph Trotter, Caroline Trust, Elizabeth Vael- bel, Cohn Vincent, Wife and Child, Mrs. Welsh, Mary A. Waggoner, James Whybrow, Mrs. Mary Wilson, Emma L. Wilkison, Wm. Whittier, Herman Woonsiuk, Casper Waite. As indicated by their names, the deceased were largely Germans. THE DROUTH OF 1S3S. The most extreme drouth known in the his- tory of Toledo was that of 1838 — commencing in mid-Summer and continuing till mid- Autumn. Some of the features and attendant facts of that occasion have permanent inter- [573J 574 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. est. Dr. Daniel Drake, an old and highly in- telligent Physician of Cincinnati, spent some time here in 1842, and furnished the following statement of the memorable drouth of 1838: The Summer and Autumn of 1838 were signalized by a drouth of longer duration and geographical ex- tent than had heen experienced from the first settle- ment of the country. It extended from the River Raisin, or some point furtlier North, round to the head of the Huron River, on the South side of Lake Eric, if not still further East. The country, quite up to the swirces of all the Rivers lying between the Raisin and the Huron, suffered in nearly equal degree under its withering influence. On the Bay and Estuary of the Maumee, according to Professor Ackley, norain fell from the third day of July until the 15th of October. Drs. Calvin Smith and George R. Perkins of Toledo reckoned its duration at four months. In the upper Valley of the Sandusky River, as Judge John Carey informed me, the last rain was on the 17th of May, "after which none occurred until October. At Tiffin, lower on the same River, the wells went dry before the middle of July. All the smaller streams throughout the whole region were exhausted, and their beds became dusty. Wild ani- mals of every kind found in that region, collected on the banks of the larger Rivers, and even approached the Towns. Deer and Raccoons were numerous be- tween Toledo and Maumee City ; Quails passed over the Town plat ; and Frogs of the shallow and sedgy waters of the old bed of Swan Creek, now dried up, migrated in countless numbers through the Streets of Toledo to the Maumee River. The wet prairies of the interior were dried, and the grass of the dried ones withered ; the marshes and pools of the post- tertiary uplands ; even those of the Black Swamp, from the Maumee to Sandusky River, were evapor- ated, their bottoms cracked open from shrinking, the leaves of many of the treesgrowinginthem perished, and, in some instances, the trees themselves were killed. Under this great drying process it was, that the ordinary Autumnal fever was raised into such an epidemic as never was known before. But its sway was not equal in all parts of the region in which the drouth prevailed. The excavation of the Canal was at that time going on from its mouth at Manhattan, to its head at Maumee. The laborers, 400 or 500 in number, 'were chiefly Irish, who generally lodged in temporary shanties, while some occupied bowers formed with green limbs of trees. It does not appear that a greater proportion of these operators suffered than of the resident population ; but a far greater proportion died. Professor Ackley mentions a cir- cumstance which deserves to be recorded. One Canal contractor kept a liquor store and sold whisky to all whom he employed, which was freely drank by themselves and their families. The mortality among these was very great. Another contractor lodged his operators on straw-beds, in the upper room of a large frame house ; made them retire eai-ly ; kejit them from the use of whisky ; and nearly all escaped dis- ease. The occurrence of rain about the middle of October, with subsequent frost, put an end to the epidemic. It is within the memory of some yet living, that the season of 1838 was the most fatal from disease in the history of Toledo and the Mau- mee Valley. The drouth of 1867 in Northern Ohio was remarkable. Tiie aggregate water-fall of June, July, August and September, at Toledo, was 8.42 inches, against 18.29 in 18G0 ; 27.61, in 1865; and an average of 15.59 for same period in that and six preceding years. At Kelley's Island the fall was 5.80 inches, against an aver- age of 12.29 for the nine preceding years. The thermometrical mean in both localities was about the average of former years. REPORT ON MESMERISM. During the year 1842, as before and after- wards, considerable popular interest was taken in the science of Mesmerism, or Animal Mag- netism, as sometimes called, whereby with manipulations, one person was understood to secure and maintain a certain degree of mental control over another. In December of that year, a Professor of that science by the name of De Bonneville, visited Toledo, and for a time occupied the attention of the people, command- ing the credence of many, while others were incredulous. The Blade, in setting forth the Professor's claims, said he would " fasten one to the floor by a motion of his finger, paralj'ze his arm by an exertion of the will ; and bring on an attack of the ajjoplexy, by a single glance of the eye. All these and more, can this mighty Magician perform, without contact, without speech, and simply by a ftiotion of the finger, or a glance of the eye, or the exercise of the will." Finallj' the Professor requested that a committee of citizens should examine his experiments in Animal Magnetism, and more especially in Clairvoyance, and report the re- sult. This committee consisted of Hezekiah D. Mason, James Myers, Caleb F. Abbott, Dr. Calvin Smith, Rev. Geo. R. Haswell, Dr. Geo. R. Perkins, Charles W. Hill, Daniel McBain (then editor of the Blade), Keman Walbridge, and George B. Way — a combination of general and scientific intelligence, which Toledo then could hardly have duplicated. These gentle- men attended tiie exjieriments of the Professor on three different days, giving their closest candid attention thereto. In their report, they state that every attempt made by the operator, mainly with "subjects" who traveled with him, he entirely failed to sustain his claims. The Committee declared that " no evidence going to prove the truth of Clairvoyance had been adduced before them, although they waited with patience upon Professor Bon- neville through all the tests and experiments which he proposed." Upon the physical effects of Somnambulism they did not feel called to report, that being a branch of the sub- ject not submitted to them. The effect of this report was an early subsi- dence of public interest in mesmel-ism. EPIZOOTY. The disease of horses, known as Epizooty, prevailed at Toledo in November, 1872, to a serious extent. The prevailing sj'mptoms were sore throat, irritation of the nasal pas- sages, purulent discharges, weakness and ema- EPIZOOTY. 675 ciation. There was comparatively little of dropsical affection attendant on the disease as described. So prevalent was the disorder for some days, that business was scriouslj' inter- rupted. All regular lines of horse-travel were suspended, with but few vehicles on the streets. Shipments of goods by wholesale dealers and others were largely delayed, and some houses resorted to the use of oxen for such purpose. The Street Eailways suffered much — the Adams Street Road being suspended entirely and the Summit Sti-eet line having but four well horses. A public meeting was held at the Board of Trade Rooms, for the purpose of devi.sing a substitute for horse-power in con- nection with the Fire Depai'tment, at which the City Council was requested to employ 100 men, to perform duty at night in nnanning the fire engines during the prevalence of the horse disease. It was calculated that 40 men would be found necessary for the movement of each Steamer. In accordance with a sugges- tion \>y this meeting, the citizens of the several Wards met on the evening of November 21st, and made more or less of organization for vol- unteer assistance of the Fire Department. The City Council ap]jroved such action by the citi- zens, and authorized the purchase of one j-oke of oxen, and the employment of as many men as the Chief of the Fire Department should find neces.'I. Benoit, of Fort Wayne ; Very Reverend J. Conlon, of Cleve- land ; Reverenil AV. Carey, of Glendale, Ohio ; Rev- erend C. Evrard, of Toledo ; Reverend F. M. BofT, of Toledo ; Reverend John Quinn, of Cleveland ; Rever- end T. Hally, of Grafton ; Reverend M.'Healy, of Tiffin ; and Rev. J. Gallagher, of Wooster. The dedicatory sermon was by the Arch- bishop. The occasion closed with addresses to the Father Matthew Temperance Association of St. Patrick's Parish, by the Archbishop, Bishop Rappe and others, and a march through the principal Streets of the City. Beside the house of worship, other buildings have been provided for the Parish, to wit: In 1864, St. Patrick's Academy, 60x75 feet and three stories high, with accommodations for 700 scholars; and St. Patrick's Institute, 50x84 feet, four stories, with large Hall for public use, a Gymnasium, Library, stores and resi- dences ; dedicated March 17, 1874. The following Societies are connected with the Parish, all under the charge of Father Hannin, to vvit : St. Patrick's Temperance So- ciety, organized in March, 1863; St. Patrick's Juvenile Temperance Society, organized in March, 1868 ; Married Ladies' Sodality, organ- ized in December, 1862 ; Holy Angels' Sodality', May, 1863; Young Ladies' Sodality, October, 1872. Father Hannin, in the 26th year of his To- ledo work, continues in charge of St. Patrick's Parish. St. Joseph's Church. — In 1854 a congrega- tion was formed under the direction of Rev. C. Evrard, Pastor of St. Mary's (German) Church, for the benefit of about 150 French and Canadian families then living in Toledo and within four or five miles of the City. For their use a small edifice was built on the grounds of the Ursuliue Convent, corner of y^tO^^ux:^ W ^^"^yij^yyTy^ y^tOyA^a:^ (U AJy^ ^^^yLC^n^ PERMANENT RELIGIOUS WORK. 597 Cherry and Brie Streets. The organization was named St. Joseph's Church. In 18G2, the work had become such as to demand tiie full time of a Pastor, when Eev. James Kouch}' re- lieved Father Evrard of such charge. In 1866 Eev. Charles Wardy succeeded as Pastor, who continued as such until 1868, when Rev. Mo- destus Jacker took charge, serving for nearlj- nine years. Under his administration, in 1870, steps were taken for more adequate quarters for the growing congregation, in the edifice now occupied at the corner of Erie and Locust Streets. In April, 1878, Bev. Andrew Sauva- det became the Pastor. Under his charge the building was completed, having been dedicated by Bishop Gilmour December 8, 1878. The tower contains a chime of nine bells. Owing to ill health. Father Sauvadet was compelled to resign, when the jjresent Pastor, Rev. Louis Braire, succeeded him. The Church has had many embarrassments to meet, but is now con- sidered ina flourishing condition. Such of the original 150 families as yet survive, are now divided among three different congregations — St. Joseph's, St. Louis, East Toledo ; and St. Ignatius, at Big Ditch, Oregon Township. The Church of the Immaculate Concep- tion was organized in 1866, for the benefit of the Fifth Ward, the house of worship being located at the corner of Dix and Jervis Streets. From its organization until 1868, the Church was in charge of Rev. Edward Hannin, who also was Pastor of St. Patrick's. In 1868 Rev. John Qiiin became the Pastor of the new Church, and served as such until his death in May, 1878. His successor was Rev. Patrick O'Brien, who is still the Pastor. The Church Council for 1887 consists of Patrick Ford, Pat- rick Lalley, John W. Gorman and Wm. Hanlou. St. Louis Church (French) was organized in 1871, when a brick house of worship, 18x84, was erected on Clieri'y Street near Sixth, East Toledo. The tirst Pastor was Rev. F. Gauthier, D, D., who served from September, 1872, until March, 1877, when he was succeeded by Rev. J. Rouchy, who remained until 1879, at which time Rev. John Theim became the Pastor, and served until succeeded by the present Pastor, Rev. J. B. Primeau, in September, 1884. Con- nected with the Church is a Parochial School, and a parsonage. About 130 families are con- nected with the Church. The Church of the Sacred Heart ^German speaking) was instituted in June, 1883, and was dedicated in November of the same year. Rev. James Theim was the first Priest, who re- mained in charge until November, 1885, when he was succeeded by Rev. Wm. A. Harks, who continues in charge. The Parish numbers about 120 families. Connected with the Church is a Parochial School, having an average attend- ance of 90. Church of the Good Shepherd was organ- ized in 1873, the house of worship being located at the corner of Clark and Nevada Sti-eets, East Toledo. The Pastor in 1887 was Rev. Timothy P. McCarthy. St. Anthony's Church (Polish) is located at the Northwest corner of ,1 unction and Nebraska Avenues, the Pastor being Rev. F. M. Oi'zeca- owski. St. Hedwig's (Polish) Church was estab- lished in 1875, North side of Dexter Street, East of Locust. The Pastor in 1887 was Rev. S. J. Wieczorek. St. Peter's Church is located at Northwest corner of South St. Clair and Canal Streets. The Pastor in 1887 was Rev. Peter Danenhoffer. In October, 1845, the " Young Ladies' Liter- ary Institute and Boarding School of the Sisters of Notre Dame" (a branch of a similar School in Cincinnati), was opened at Toledo. It was under the auspices of the Catholic Church. While " the Catholic religion was the only one professed by the Ladies of the Insti- tute," there was no interference with the reli- gious principles of the pupils, who were not allowed to conform to the Catholic religion witlioiit permission of their parents. The ordi- nary branches of an English education were tauuht, together with French, plain and fancy needle work, drawing, painting, and music. " Each pupil must be provided with a knife, fork, spoon, goblet, four napkins, four towels, six changes, two pairs of sheets, two pillow- cases, a mosquito bar, eight pairs of stockings, a sun-bonnet, a .green veil, combs, comb and work-box, brushes;" bedding when supplied by parents, to consist of a straw and a moss mattress of about 2^x6 feet, two pillows, two double blankets and a quilt or counterpane. The School year consisted of one session from October 15th till the latter part of July. The terms to boarding pupils were: Entrance, $6.00 ; Board and tuition, SlOO ; half-boarders, $50 ; Physicians' fees, $5.00 ; Washing, $15.00 ; Mending (if done at the Institute), $2.00; Va- cation, if spent at the Institute, $15.00; Total for the year, $193.00. Day pupils, $3.00 to $8.00. Extra charges — music, drawing, &e. — $5.00 to $18.00 REVEREND PATRICK O'BRIEN was born at Pilltown, County Wexford, Ireland, Febru- ary 20, 1834. Coming to the United States at the age of 13 years, he resided at Elyria, Lo- rain County, Ohio, from 1857 until 1865. At the latter date he entered Saint Mary's College, Cleveland, Ohio, where he remained until Sep- tember, 1866, at which time, with the other students of that institution, he was transferred from Cleveland to the new Diocesan College at Louisville, Stark County, Ohio, where he re- mained for three years. In September, 1869, he was admitted to St. Mary's Theoloicical Seminary, at Cleveland, where he completed his studies preparatory for the Priesthood, to 698 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. which he was ordained July 21,1872, by Eight Reverend Richard Gilmour, D. D., Bishop of Cleveland Diocese. In August following his ordination, he was appointed Assistant Priest at Saint Coliimba's Church, Youngstown, Mahoning County, Ohio. Here he served until September, 1873, when he was appointed Pastor of Saint Mary's and Saint Patrick's Churches, at Rockport, Cuyahoga County, remaining there until August, 1875. He then was appointed Pastor of the Church of the Good Shepherd, East Toledo. Here he remained for nearly three j'ears, and was then transferred to the charge of the Church of the Immaculate Conception, Toledo, which position he now (1887) still holds. Father O'Brien has spe- cially attached himself to the people of Toledo of ail classes, by the active interest taken by him in the general welfare of the communit}", as connected with the promotion of sound morals and the maintenance of good order. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES. As already stated, the first Church organized within the present limits of Toledo, was of Presbyterian connection, and subsequently be- came the First Congregational Church. The oldest existing organization of Presby- terian connection, is the First Presbyterian Church. March 2, 1854, Mauraee Presbytery (Old School) appointed Reverends I. M. Crabb and D. S. Anderson as a special committee for the purpose of effecting such organization. Subsequently, Rev. J. M. Baird was added to such committee. January 27, 1855, a meeting was held at the Bethel, on Vine Street, when a Church was organized, with 27 members — eight from the First Congregational, and one from Ames Chapel (M. E.), Toledo, nine from Penn- sylvania, five from Ohio Churches, and one from New Y'ork. Mr. Baird spent some time with the new Church, leaving in the Fall of 1855, when operations were suspended and re- mained so until Rev. Edwin B. Raffensperger came to Toledo, and on the 26th of April, 1859, commenced his labors for the revival and pro- motion of the growth of the Church. In Octo- ber following, a Board of Trustees were chosen, consisting of E. D. Potter, Sr., Robert Cum- mings, Samuel Brooks, Sewell Whittlesey and James W. Hamilton. Services were held in Stickney Hall, 242-244 Summit Street, until the Summer of 1800, when the Bethel (on Lynn Street) was leased and occupied until 18(39. In 1865 the Society purchased the Northeast cor- ner of Huron and Orange Streets, for the sum of §3,500. Three years later the corner-stone of a house of worship was laid. The same year Mr. Raffensperger withdrew from the pastorate, and was followed in 1869, by Rev. Henry M. MacCracken. In 1871, the construction of an edifice was commenced, which was completed in 1873, and dedicated February 1, 1874. Mr. MacCracken resigned in 1881, and was suc- ceeded by Rev. J. A. P. McGaw, D. D., who still occuj)ies that position. In 1865, with the advice and encouragement of First Congregational Church, a movement took place for the more adequate supply of re- ligious privileges to the Northeastern portion of Toledo, when Westminster Church was or- ganized. The Pre.sbyterian connection was chosen, and Maumee Presbytery, November 7, 1865, received the new Church into its commu- nion, with the following named members: From First Congregational Church, Toledo — Charles Cochran, David E. IMerrill, James Lyman, Frances P. Lyman, Jlary D. Lyman, Augusta ^I. P. Lyman, Hudson B. Hall, John R. Osborn, Elizabeth P. Osborn, Clark "Waggoner, Sylvia B. Waggoner, Ralph H. Waggoner, Carrie R. Waggoner, Eliza Mer- rill, Mary P. Ewing, Ira E. Lee, Mary Lee, George W. Bliss, Orpha A. Bliss, Laura S. Green, Theo. J. Brown, Henry G. Sheldon, Lyman T. Thayer, Anna L. Thayer, David Smith, Sarah B. Smith, Gert- rude B. Smith, James Tolman, Julia W. Backus, Catherine S. Pratt. Helen S. Hall. William Corlett, Agnes Cuddeback, Sophia Merrill, Matthew Brown, Elizabeth P. Norris, Matthias W. Day, and Eliza Rouse. From First Presbyterian Church, Sandusky— Mar- shall Burton and Sophia Burton. From Second Presbyterian Church, Ft. Wayne, Ind. — Lucy Hubbell. The Elders first chosen were John R. Osborn, Charles Cochran, David E. Merrill, George W. Bliss and Calvin Bullock. The first officers of the Society of Westminster Chui'ch, were: Trustees — MatthewBrown, Charles Pratt,David Smith, Wm. A. Ewing, Lyman T. Thayer and Hudson B. Hall. Treasurer — Nehemiah Water- man. Secretary — Ralph H. Waggoner. The first praj'er-meeting was held October 19, 1865 ; the first preaching service October 22, 1865, Rev. Henry M. Bacon, then of Attica, Indiana, occujiying the pulpit; and the first communion service on the first Sabbath in Jan- uary, 1806, in the Central Mission School-room, 316 Superior Street, between Oak and Adams. In September, 1865, the Trustees purchased the lot. Southeast corner of Superior and Locust Streets, for the use of the Church, pa} ing there- for $5,000, and contracted for the erection of a Chapel, at a cost of $8,485. which was dedica- ted April 14, 1866. April' 29, 1866, Rev. Mr. Bacon, who had served as stated supply from the first, was chosen as Pastor of the new Church, and installed. The Sabbath School of this Church was ore;anized on the first Sabbath of 1866, at White's Hall, 217-221 Summit Street, where the Church worshipped until the com- pletion of its Chapel. David Smith was the first Superintendent of the School. In 1870 a contract was made with Luther Whitney, for the erection of an edifice for the use of the Church, which was completed May 1, 1873, at a cost of §47,000 ; the entire expenditure for lot. Chapel, Church, taxes, etc., being $65,000. The entire amount raised for all purposes for PERMANENT RELIGIOUS WORK. 699 I I the first ten years of the Church, was about §100,0(1(1, at which time the membersiiip num- bered 339. Mr. Bacon tendered his resignation as Pastor in October, 1880, which was accepted by the Cliurch. The p.viljDit was temporarily supplied until November, 1881, when Rev. Edward Anderson became the Pastor, serving as such until September, 1883. In February, 1884, Rev. Frederick B. Du Val, D. D., from First Presbyterian Church, Wilmington, Dcla- \vare, accepted a call to the pastorate, which he still occupies. The officers of the Church and Society are a.'^ follows: Elders— J. R. Osborn, C. C. Doolittle, T. C. Row- land, T. J. Brown, W. C. Chapman, S. R. Maclaren, H. C. Spratjue, H. M. Pixlev, E. Stanley Noble. Trustees— diaries Pratt, Wm. B. Taylor, Milton Taylor, Wm. H. Bellman, F. C. Chapln, James Blass, E. W. Lenderson, J. C. Bonner. Third Presbyterian Chokch was organized June 2(J, 1870, with the following named mem- bers : Catharine Shively, George T. Boalch and wife. Miss Anna M. Nugent and Mrs. Eliza Roberts. Rev. Robert Edgar was the Pastor. In September William Pancoast, John M. Doty and H. C. Nicholas were elected Trustees of the Church. Soon thereafter a lot was rented at the corner of Broadway and Knower Street, on which was erected a building, which was ded- icated January 1, 1871. The first Ruling Elders were J. M. Doty and Robert Geddes. The tbrmer was also chosen Superintendent of the Sabbath School, and under his management it was pros- perous. In January, 1872, Mr. Edgar resigned as Pastor, when Rev. Josiah Brown gratui- tously supplied the pulpit for a time. In 1873, Rev. J. E. Vance, of Columbus Grove, became the stated supply of the Church, and it was during his service that the present edifice, on Enower Street, near Broadway, was erected. In 1875, Rev. W. J. Trimble became the Pastor, serving for four years, during which time the Church increased in numbers from 25 to 125. In 1879 Rev. Joseph W. Torrence was elected as Pastor, and continued with the Church until 1885. From that time until June, 1886, the pulpit was va- cant, when Rev. Benjamin F. Ormond, of Wooster, Ohio, accepted a call, and is yet the Pastor. First German Presbyterian Church was organized in 1871, its house of worship being located on West side of Canton Avenue, be- tween Beacon and North Streets. Its only Pastor has been Rev. Martin Koehler, who yet serves in that capacity. BAPTIST CHURCHES. The first definite step toward the organiza- • tion of a Baptist Church in Toledo, was taken in June, 1853, when a few members of that de- nomination assembled at the residence of Henry J. Hayes, on St. Clair Street, between Jctfcrson and Monroe, for the purpose of )irayer and conference as to the interests of the Church in Toledo. Some weeks thereafter, Rev. Edward F. Piatt, of Schroon, P^ssex County, New York, while on his way to Min- nesota, stopped at Cleveland, where his atten- tion was called to Toledo, with the re(iuest that he visit that City. He did so, and at once in- terested himself in a movement for a Baptist Church. On the Gth Juij', at a meeting held at the residence ofDr. Wm. C. Scott, the First Baptist Church was organized, u])on the con- dition tliat the State Convention and the Home Missionary Society each grant S400 per year towards the support of such enterprise. Par- ticipatinn- in that meeting, were Rev. E..F. Piatt, Benj. Farley, Wm. Baker, J. E. Frank- lin, Ransom Wilkison, W. S. Grow, Dr. Lewis Pagin and Dr. W. C. Scott. October 31, 1853, it having been decided to go on with the Church, the following persons united for that purpose, to wit : E. F. Piatt, Benj. Farley, Mrs. Almira Farley, Miss H. Shumway, Wm. Baker, Ransom Wilkison, Mrs. Margaret Pfanner, Mrs. S. Blodgett, S. G. Harvey, Dr. Wm. C. Scott, Elizabeth Scott, Miss Mary West, Miss Clarissa Shaw, Mrs. Clarissa Flint, Mrs. Minerva Free- man, Henry J. Hayes, and M. E. Hayes — 18 in number. Benj. Farley, Ransom Wilkison and H. J. Hayes were elected Deacons, and Wm. Baker, Cierk. March 15, 1854, W. C. Scott, H. J. Hayes, Wm. Baker, H. L. Hosraer and C. A. King were chosen Trustees. Rev. E. F. Piatt was formally called to the pastorate, and three days later the Church was formally consti- tuted by a Council of ministers and delegates from Baptist Churches of other Cities. The first place of public worship was Union Hall, 403 Summit Street, where services were first held August 7, 1853, although occasional meet- ings had been previously held in the First Con- gregational Church. Earl}' in 1854, steps were taken for the erection of a house of worship, when the site of the proposed edifice, on Huron Street, near Cherry, was purchased for 81,000. The building was dedicated December 9, 1855, at a cost of $15,502.77, with an indebtedness of $6,191.44, which subsequentlj' was liquidated. At the time, that was far the most elegant Church building in the City, which then had a population of about 9,000 only. Mr. Piatt con- tinued in active service as Pastor until 1865, when, owing to increasing throat affection, he was compelled to suspend the same. Rev. Charles D. Morris, then closing his theological course at Rochester, was engaged to supply the pulpit and aid in the missionary work. This arrangement continued until November 12, 1866, when Mr. Piatt died, in the 45th year of his age. Mr. Morris then accepted a call to the pastorate, and continued therein until 1881, when, in consideration of impaired health of Mrs. Morris, he tendered his resignation, and accepted the call of a Baptist Church at 600 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Gloucester, Massacbvisetts. The pastorate was filled by the election of Rev. Byron A. Woods, who resigned in Jaimarj', 1885, and was suc- ceeded September 1st following by Eev. Alvah S. Hobart. of Cincinnati, who is j-et the Pastor. This Church has been speciall}- prominent in the prosecution of missionarj- work within the Cit}-. Six diiFcrent fields have been occu- pied in that way. I. — The North Mission School was organized in October, 1861, by H. L. Sargent, assisted by D. A. Waterman, H. L. Phelps, Peter White, AY. E. Parmelee, Jr., Miss Elizabeth Pfanner, and Miss Eliza Spencer, with P. White as Superintendent. In October, 1865, the School was suspended, when Mr. O. R. Morse, assisted by a corps of teachers, reorganized it, under the name of the " Sargent Bajitist Mission," and it has been continued as such to this time. Its present Superintendent is J. W. Hepburn, and membership 185. The School was named in honor of H. L. Sargent, its real founder. Its Superintendents have been O. R. Morse, B. H. Van Hoesen, Frank W. Anderson and W. H. Alexander. II. — The Piatt Mission was organized May 13, 1866, with four officers, four teachers and 27 scholars. During that Summer, its sessions were held in a shed, on the grounds of the County Agricultural Society, near the corner of Ashland Avenue and Prescott Street. The first Sujierintendent was L. Addison White, whose successors have been Geo. B. Hull, Frank Braisted, J. H. Wood, C. L. Ehoades, C. H. Rosa, Ira A. Richardson and C. T. Lewis. As an outgrowth of this Mission, Ashland Avenue Baptist Church was organized in the Fall of 1886. In 1887, Rev. Emery W. Hunt was installed as Pastor. At that time the mem- bership numbered 103. III. — A Union Sabbath School was organized in the Northern portion of East Toledo in 1853, with Oliver M. Brown as Superintendent. In 1861, Mr. Brown entered the Union Army, when Henry L. Phelps became the Superin- tendent, holding that position for seven years. In 1863, an Union Chajiel was built in East Toledo, without special denominational con- nection. November 21, 1863, Rev. S. G. Daw- son, from Lancaster, Ohio, commenced stated religious services in the Cha])el, and a Sabbath School was organized December 6th, with Mr. Dawson as Superintendent, Geo. W. Wales as Assistant, and R. U. Chamberlin as Librarian. Mr. Dawson also preached in Brown's Hall. January 10, 1864, the East Toledo Baptist Church was organized, with 11 members, to wit: Eev. S. G. Dawson, Henry L. Phelps, Geo. W. Wales, Mrs. Caroline Wales, Mrs. Charles Jennison, Mrs*. Anna M. Dawson, Mrs. Louisa Phelps, Mrs. Mary A. Wales, Miss Louisa Jennison, Amos W. Crane and Mrs. Gabriel Crane. Mr. Dawson was chosen Pastor. Dur- ing the years 1864-5, a brick house of worship was built, costing $6,000. In 1873, a second building was erected, and named Dawson Chapel, at the corner of Oak and Fort Streets, costing $4,300. December 31, 1874, Mr. Dawson resigned, to serve as Superintendent of Missions under the State Baptist Conven- tion, and died September 5, 1875. The suc- cessor of Mr. Dawson, as Pastor, was Rev. G. P. Osborn, who served to November, 1875. He was succeeded by Rev. Wm. Elgin, who on account of ill health, resigned in 1877, and was followed by Rev. J. B. Scharff. The present Pastor is Rev. L. D. Robinson. March 3, 1885, a Church organization was made at Dawson Chapel, and given the name of Memorial Bap- tist Church, in recognition of the part borne in the Mission work there by Rev. S. G. Dawson. The Pastor for 1887, is Rev. G. P. Osborne. IV.— The Fifth Ward Baptist Mission was organized in October, 1868, by Rev. P. P. Farn- ham, assisted by 14 persons, mainly members of the First Baptist Church. At first a small room on St. Clair Street, near Logan, was used, which soon proving too small, other and larger quarters were secured. Mr. Farnham leaving in April, 1869, the School was con- tinued by the First Church until July, 1871. Meantime a Chapel had been erected at the corner of Oliver and Knapp Streets. In the Summer ot 1871, Rev. Wm. Sheridan took charge of the Mission, and June 9, 1872, the Oliver Street Baptist Church was organized, with Mr. Sheridan as Pastor, John D. Prideaux as Clerk, Jonas Normanton as Treasurer, and H. B. Granger and Jonas Normanton as Dea- cons. Mr. Sheridan continues as Pastor. v.— On Sunday, November 3, 1878, the Oliver Street Baptist Church opened the Olive Branch Sunday School in Brown's Addition, which is yet in operation, in charge of Rev. John B. Scharflt. Sheridan Chapel was organized as a Mis- sion by Oliver Street Baptist Church, Decem- ber 20, 1885. It is located on the North side of Orchard, between Thayer and Stebbins Streets. Its Pastor is Rev. Wm. Sheridan, the Pastor of the mother Church, with Jonas Nor- manton as Superintendent. The name of the late H. L. Sargent is so in- timately associated with the work of Christian Missions in Toledo, that brief recognition of such relation is proper here. He came to To- ledo about 1857, as (]hief Clerk of the General Superintendent of the Michigan Southern (now Ivake Shore) Railroad, and held that position until Januarj-, 1864, when, having been ap- pointed Chajilain of the Fourteenth Ohio In- fantry, he was ordained at Toledo as a Minister of the Gospel. After the close of the AVar, he accepted the pastorate and assumed charge of a young Church at Huntington, Massachusetts, continuing therein until his death, which oc- curred at Springfield, Massachusetts, July 25, 1866. From his arrival at Toledo his leisure PERMANENT RELIGIOUS WORK. 601 houfs were largely devoted to religious work, and chiefly among the poor, in which service he was exceptionally efficient. Several suc- cessful enterprises oi that sort were indebted to his self-denying labors for their start and pi'osperity. The Sargent Mission on Erie Street was named in recognition of his devotion to that class of work. His Church relation was that of the Baptist denomination. No name in Toledo in connection with the work With which he was specially identified, is more prominent tlian is his. LUTHERAN CHURCHES. The oldest Church of this denomination in Toledo is Salem, its house of worship being lo- cated on North side Huron Street, between Elm and Chestnut. It was organized in 1845. The ■ Pastor in 1887, was Rev. F. J. S. Schraeltz. I St. Paul's, East side Erie, between Adams r and Oak Streets, was organized in 1854. It I has one of the most commodious houses of wor- ship in the City. The Pastor in 1887 was Eev. J. J. Weis.s. I St. John's (German), East Toledo, (formerly Oregon Township), was organized in 18()2, by ■ Eev. John Doerfler, and was incorporated in f 1863 as the " Evangelical Lutheran Con- gregation of St. John, Oregon Township." In September, 1862, Eev. Charles Beckel became the Pastor, and continues as such. The first officers were F. Clansing, John Bitter and G. Burr. The present officers are — Carl Koch, Henry Salendorff and Henry Bitter. The Teacher is Christ. Lohmann. In 1876 a house of worship was erected, at a cost of $4,500. St. John's, corner Erie and Harrison Streets. Organized in 1864. Pastor in 1887, Eev. Chris- topher Prottengeier. St. Peter's (German), corner Nebraska Av- enue and Hawley Street. Organized in 1873. The first Pastor was Eev. C. MarkschefFei, who served until April, 1884, when he was succeeded by Eev. L. W. Graepjje, the present Pastor. JThe Church in 1887 had a membership of 250. Evangelical Trinity (German) was organ- ized in 1874, its house of worship being located at Southwest corner of Vance and Ewing Streets. Its present Pastor is Eev. Herman W. Querl. First English Evangelical Church, corner Oliver and Harrison Streets. Pastor in 1887, Eev. S. L. Harkey, D. D. St. Lucas (German), corner of Walbridge Avenue and Franklin Street. Pastor in 1887, Eev. A. B. Weber. St. Marcus Eeformed, Grasser Street, near Brand, East Toledo. Organized in 1874. Pas- tor in 1887, Eev. John Klag. B St. Mark's (German), corner Woodville and I Baker Streets, East Toledo. Organized in 1884. Pastor, Eev. Charles Huebner. CHURCHES FOR COLORED PEOPLE. The first definite step taken in Toledo toward organization with reference to religious privi- leges for c(dored residents, consisted of a meet- ing of colored people hold February 5, 1850, the imniodiate object being to raise funds for erecting a School-house and a place of worship, they then having no place for either purpose. They organized as the " Toledo Colored School Association," with James E. Franklin asCliair- mau, and A. Eichmond as Seeretarj-. On mo- tion of B. A. Price, Williani Wilson stated the object of the meeting. It was resolved to build a frame house, 24 feet square. B. A. Price, A. Eichmond and D. Nichols were appointed as Trustees ; J. B. Franklin, Henry Rice and B. A. Price, as Collectors ; and Eichard Mott was thanked for his liberality in furnishing a lot for the proposed School-house. In 1862, a Sabbath School for colored scholars was organized in Toledo. It occupied the old frame building on Erie Street, between Monroe and Washington, which is further distinguished as the first Court-house of Lucas County. For some months the School struggled along with 12 to 20 members, when a colored preacher from Kentucky took an interest in it, and soon gave to it increased suc- cess, with 100 members. Mr. — Lott was the Superintendent for the first year, when he was succeeded by Mr. E. P. Clark, Teacher of the Colored Public School. Its success was largely due to the faithful efforts of Mr. Lott. There had been for some years in existence, but in feeble condition, a Colored Church. The favor- able influence of the Eebellion was soon felt by that race in Toledo, as elsewhere ; although the heavy weight of caste prejudice was slow in its removal. The name of this organization was originally Warren Chapel, which was changed to First African M. E. Church. In 1864 steps were taken toward the erection of a house of worship, the corner-stone being laid August 1st, of that year. The building was finally completed, and stands adjoining the old Court- house, on Erie Street. The Pastor in 1887 was Eev. T. W. Haigler, the membership num- bering 123. Zion's M. E. Church (Colored), on Beach Street, near Michigan, was organized in 1884. Its Pastor in 1887 was Eev. William Campbell, and its membership 45. The Third Baptist Church, of Toledo (com- posed of Colored people), was organized in 1868. Its house of worship is located at the corner of Woodruff and Canton Avenues. Its Pastor in 1887 was Eev. J. H. Meadows. OTHER CHURCHES. The Unitarian Church. — Work in con- nection with this denomination has been in progress in Toledo more or lees prominently since 1838. The first record found of that 39 602 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. kind, is an announcement that " an exposition of the doctrines of Christianity, as they are held by the Unitarian denomination," would be delivered at the Unitarian Chapel, April 1st of that year. It would seem that such pro- vision for services was not jjermanent, since in September, 1840, it was announced that there would bo " Unitarian preaching at the Presby- terian Church (corner of Cherry and Superior Streets), to commence at the usual time of opening meeting." In January, 1862, J. B. Marvin was ordained as a Minister of the Uni- tarian Church, on which occasion Rev. Moncure D. Conway, of Cincinnati, Rev. Robert CoUyer, of Chicago, and Rev. S. S. Hunting, took part. Mr. Marvin became the Pastor of the Unitarian Church, then occupying a frame building on the present site of Masonic Hall (Northwest corner of Adams and Superior Streets), which had been built for a Campbellite Baptist Cburch. Services were maintained at that place for sev- eral years, and until the organization of the Independent Church, Rev. F. E. Abbott, Pas- tor, in 1871, when the building now the prop- erty of Central Congregational Church, corner of Adams and Tenth Streets, was erected, and for a time was occupied by that Society. The Church op the United Brethren in Christ was organized in 1868. The first Pas- tor was Rev. Edward Lorenz. Its house of worship is located at 324 Hamilton Street. In 1869 Rev. Benj. F. Fritz became the Pastor, and was succeeded by Rev. J. Ernst, who, after six months' service, was sent to Germany as a Missionary. Since then the Pastors have been as follows : C. Schneider, 1873-76 ; J. Sick, 1876- 79; J. P. Mosshammer, 1879-83; J. Schalla, 1883-86 ; Benj. F. Fritz, 1886-87. The Sunday School connected with the Church was organ- ized in 1868. Christian Church, organized in 1872. Its house of worship is on Eleventh Street, be- tween Madison and Jefferson. The Pastor, in 1887, was Rev. J. E. McDonald, and its mem- bership 265. Salem Church, of the Evangelical Associa- tion, was organized in 1874, with Rev. G. Ilas- enpflag as Pastor, whose successors have been Revs. C. F. Vegele, Th. Suhr, C. Cords, G. Zeigler and Frederick Mueller, the latter now serving. The membership is about 90. The house of worship is at corner of Vance and Division Streets. German Evangelical Reformed Church ; organized in 1853. House of worship North- west corner of Scott Street and Canton Avenue. Pastor, Rev. Christopher Schiller. B'Nai Jacob (Jewish), corner of John and Union Streets. Rev. Joseph Goldberg, Rabbi. B'Nai Israel (Jewish), worshipping in Clark's Hall, Cherry Street. Rev. Abram Gold- berg, Rabbi. The Free Chapel.— In 1884, for the pur- pose of providing accommodations for religious j)urpose8, unrestricted by denominational views or associations, a Iniilding was erected at 205 Tenth Street, which was given the name of Free Chapel. The peculiarity of faith on which this movement is founded, consists in disbelief in human organizations as an agency for the promotion of Christ's Church on earth ; and in belief that individual believers should be held together only by the spiritual bonds of a common love and experience of saving faith. Hence, there is with such no society organiza- tion. Believers in this fa'th are scattered throughout this and other countries. The To- ledo Chapel was built with means supplied by David T. Newton and others interested in the movement. The title is in the name of Lyman H. Johnson, the Pastor, and successors to be appointed bj' him. The work is largely pro- moted by a monthly publication, the Stumbling Stone, edited by Mr. Johnson. Worshi])pers at the Chapel comprise not only residents of Toledo, but also ot the surrounding country. Services are held weekly, with semi-annual assemblies in March and November. TOLEDO BETHEL WORK. An organization, having for its specific ob- ject the dissemination of religious intelligence and other like work among the Seamen of the Lakes and Canals of the Western States, was established at Cleveland in 1830. In 1833, a small Chapel w-as erected in that City, at an expense of 11,000. In 1W35, Rev. D. C. Blood labored for a few months as Chaplain, and left on account of ill health, being succeeded by Rev. V. D. Taylor, who continued until 1839, when Rev. Wm. Day took charge, and after- wards became the General Agent of the Society. The organization was known as the " Western Seamen's Friend Societj'." In 1847, Rev. R. H. Leonard was appointed Corresponding Secretary, and soon thereafter the Society was incorporated, and began to ex- tend its operations. In 1853 it had Bethel Stations at Erie, Cleveland, Sandusky, Toledo, Detroit, Milwaukee, Chicago, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Louisville, Wheeling and Pittsburgh. It was then seeking to extend its oi^erations to the Ohio and Upper Mississippi Rivers, and on about 1,000 miles of Canals. Bethel work in Toledo seems to have been commenced in October, 1847, when Rev. Thos. Cooper, Chaplain of Seamen, arrived. The ladies of Toledo presented to him a Bethel Flag, as a signal for woi'shi]), the exercises tak- ing place at First Congregational Church. The first quarters for Bethel work, were in the third storj' of Mott's Block, Southeast corner of Summit and Monroe Streets. The flag was run up in the morning and left until sunset, to designate the place. Services were resumed at the same place in April, 1848. In 1852, steps were taken for securing per- manent quarters for Bethel work, which re- PERMANENT RELIGIOUS WORK. 603 suited in the erection of a bricif building on Vine Street, in rear of 272 and 274 Summit. The lot was donated b_y Charlen; Butler, of Now York, and the funds bj' citizens of Toledo. Tlio building was dedicated January 22, 1853. The Ch:i])laiu at that time vvas Rev. E. R. Jewctt, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, now of Castulia, Erie County. September 29, 1857, a meeting of citizens was hold for the purpose of organizing an auxiliarj- to the Western Seamen's Friend Society, Rev. W. W. Williams being in the chair. S. G. Arnold, from a Committee previ- ously appointed, reported a constitution, which was adopted, when Mr. Arnold, Andrew J. Field and Rev. Geo. W. Collier were appointed to report the names of suitable persons to act as officers of the Association, wlio presented the following, which report was adopted, to wit: President, Chas. A. King; Vice Presi- dents, City Pastors (W. W. Williams, H. B. Walbridge, E. F. Piatt, Joseph Ayres, G. W. Collier, Clias. Ritter) ; Secretary, S. H. Burr; Treasurer, W. E. Parmelee, Sr. ; Directors, H. S. Walbridge, Almon Hopkins, S. A. Raymond, T. H. Hoag, John Eaton, Jr. In November, 1857, Rev. S. D. Shaffer was elected Superintendent of the Bethel Sunday School ; Albert H. Niles, Secretarj' ; and Miss Emily J. Raymond, Treasurer. The experi- ence of the new Superintendent w^as not in all respects as pleasant as it might have been. At that time the low grounds in the central part of the City, were occupied chiefly by "squat- ters," or tenants at will, living in small huts, many of these having been built for the use of laborers in the construction of tlie Canal. This was speciall3- true of the localit}' bounded by St. Clair, Orange, Huron and Oak Streets, on which in 1857 there was not a single structure, save those referred to. Among the squatters was an Irishman of dissolute habits, who often, by service on the chain-gang, paid penalty for infractions of the law. His wife applied to Mr. Shaffer for food and clothing for her neglected family, which was granted, and the children were invited to the Bethel Sunday School. On Sunday, March 7, 1858, they were not present, and Mr. Shaffer called at the shantj- to see what had detained them. He was met hy the father with raised axe, which came near taking his life. He warded off the blow with one hand, and knocked down his assailant with the other. The man lost the axe in falling, and soon seized a board and re- newed the assault, which Mr. Shaffer warded off and again knocked the man down. The wife now joined her husband in the fight, while several rough neighbors did the same. Mr, Shaffer finally seized the man by the throat, and dragging him along with one hand, beat . off' assailants with the other. In this way he fought his way out, and finally released his prisoner, whom, during the struggle, he had knocked down six or eight times. In the fight, he lost bis hat, had his coat badly torn, his head bruised, his arm pounded, his watch broken and his cane lost. Nothing but liis courage and su])erior strength saved him from being wholly overcome by his assailants. For the purjjose of making good Mr. Shaffer's loss in the melee, his friends mot at the house of Captain Beldon, taking with them contri- butions of money, provisions and clothing, amounting in value to $2G0. Mr. Shaffer's positive and unqualified opposition to vice, and especially to the sale and use of liquors, provoked extreme bitterness on the part of classes concerned — so much so, that proces- sions of his Sabbath School in the Streets were liable to assault from vicious parties, unless protected bj^ the presence of known citizens. Rev. S. M. Beatty, long a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, commenced his labors as Chaplain of the Bethel, in February, 1802, and continued the same until his death in 1874. Few men have been more faithful than was he. As the result of change in the channels of transportation, largely from water to rail, the specific work of the Bethel became much re- duced in extent, and attention came to be di- vided between the Sailors and Railroad men. The Bethel building on Vine Street, about 1860, was taken by the First Presbyterian Church, for joint occupancy with the Bethel Society. The changed condition was recog- nized by the friends of the work, at whose sug- gestion a building was erected on the Lake Shore Railroad grounds, across the Bayou bridge, for the joint benefit of vSeamen and Rail- road Men, which was occupied for regular religious services for many years. At that place a Railroad Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation was organized in May, 1878, with 90 members. Its officers were : President, Wm. H. Kirkley ; Vice President, C. H. Buck ; Treasurer, Frank J, Wilcoxson ; Corresjiond- ing Secretary, H, B. Sears ; Recording Secre- tary, W, T. Walker. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. June 7, 1859, a meeting of members of differ- ent City Churches was held for the purpose of organizing a Young Men's Christian Union, Of this meeting Clark Waggoner was the Chairman, and James H. Campbell vSecretary. Revs. George W. Collier, W. W. Williams, H, B. Walbridge, E. B. Raflfenspergor, Oliver Ken- nedy and E. F'. Piatt were appointed to pre- pare a constitution and by-laws for such organ- ization. The Union thus constituted was not of long duration. Preliminary steps toward the organization of the present Toledo Young Men's Christian Association, were taken by a meeting of citi- zens at the First Congregational Church, July G04 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COVNTY. 25, 1865. The first election of officers oc- curred at the same place August 29th, who were as follows : President— Henry G. Sheldon ; A'ice President — Thomas Vanstone ; Secretary — Daniel A. Waterman ; Treasurer — Milo Ba- share ; Managers— W. W. Griffith, C. B. Phil- lips, L. Tiednian, B. H. Van Hoesen, H. L. Phelps, G. W. Nort. An address was then adopted, setting forth the object of the Associa- tion as follows : This Union shall be a social organization of Chris- tians, who, desiring each other's good, will wrlcome young men who may enter our City, direct them where they may find congenial society, introduce them to the Church, to the Sabbath School, and to the members of this Union, and surround them in every possible way with such influences as will make them feel that Christian brothers care for their wel- fare. The arrangements of the As.sociation were so far advanced by November 27, 1865, that rooms for its use were th6n oj)ened on the second tioor of Hartford Block, corner of Summit and Mad- ison vStreets, where were supplied tables, chairs, and an assortment of suitable reading matter. The exercises of the occasion consisted of sing- ing prayers, addresses by President Sheldon, Eev. C. W. Ketcham, St. Paul's M. B. Church ; Eev. E. B. Eaflfeu.sperger, First Presbyterian Church; Eev. Wm. W. Williams, First, Con- gregational; Eev. B. F. Piatt, First Baptist, and Eev. S. G.Dawson, Second Baptist Church. The Association has been maintained with creditable efficiency during the 22 years of its existence. In 1S80, through the liberalitj' of its friends, it was enabled to secure permanent quarters by the purchase of the building No. 477 Summit Street, which has furnished liberal accommodations, including Eeading Eooms, Hall, Gymnasium and smaller rooms. The of- ficers for 1887 are as follows : President, H. C. Sprague ; Vice President, A. E. Rood ; Treasurer, J. J. Freeman ; Recording Secre- tary, A. O. Hill ; General Secretary, Willard H. Smith. Directors — H. C. Sprague, A. E. Rood, J. J. Freeman, S. R. Maclaren, R. H. AVhituey, H. E. Mar- vin, Thomas H. Walbridge, C. H. Whitaker, John B. Merreil, C. II. Buck, R A. Bartley, M. H. DavLs, H. E. King. LUCAS COUNTY BIBLE SOCIETY. In 1847, the Lucas County Bible Society was organized for the purpose of promoting the circulation of the Scriptures. The Kith anni- ver.sary of the Society was held November 29, 1857, when the following officers were chosen: President, Almon Hopkins; Vice President, Wm. Baker; Secretarj-, Eev. Wm. W. Williams; Treasurer, S. H.Keeler ; Deposi- tary, S. H. Burr ; Auditor, C. A. King. Ad- dresses were made by Eev. B. W. Smith, State Agent; Wm. Baker, John Eaton Jr., and Eev. G. W. Collier. The officers of the Society for 1887, were as follows: President, Marion Lawrance; Vice Presidents, Pastors of City Churches ; Treas- urer, J. W. Hiett; Secretary, B. W. Lendersou ; Depositary, T. J. Brown. UNITED STATES CHRISTIAN COMMISSION. In December, 1864, a Branch of the United States Christian Commission, operating in the interest of the Soldiers of the Union Army, was organized in Toledo. At a preliminary meet- ing held on the 7th of that month, the follow- ing committee were ajjpointed for arranging for such organization : Rev. Wm. W. Williams and W. W. Griffith, of First Congregational C'hurch ; Rev. E. F. Piatt and H. J. Hayes, of First Baptist Church ; Rev. C. W. Ketcham and Almon Hopkins, of St. Paul's Methodist Epi.sco- pal Church ; Rev. J. W. Alderman and C. T. Wales, of Ames Chapel ; Rev. H. B. Walbridge and D. B. Smith, of Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church ; Rev. E. B. RafFensperger and Thos. Yanstone, of First Presbyterian Church ; Rev. P. F. Schneider and John C. Wuerfel, of German Methodist Church. Of this Committee, D. B. Smith was the Chairman. December 8th, the Commission was organ- ized, with the following officers : President, Wm. Baker ; Vice President, Almon Hopkins ; Eecording Secretary, Chas. T. Wales; Corres- ponding Secretary', Dr. H. W. Pierson ; Treas- urer, Denison B. Smith. In February, 1865, the ladies of the First Congregational Church, Toledo, formed a Soci- ety Auxiliary to the United States Christian Commission, with the following officers : Presi- dent, Mrs. Mary Walbridge ; Vice President, Mrs. J. Austin" Scott ; Secretary, Mrs. J. S. Lyman ; Treasurer, Miss Carrie Baton. Operations in this connection were sus- pended soon after the date of the foregoing organization, by the close of the War which had made such work necessary. The nriean- time the Toledo Societies were active in co- operation with the great work of the parent Commission. ALLEN STREET MISSION. In August, 1863^ steps were taken for pro- viding with religious instruction, the children and j^outh along and in the vicinity of Allen Street (now Canton Avenue), a locality then destitute of such advantages. At the time stated, a few children were gathered in the kitchen of Henry Williams on State Street. Soon the School became too numerous for its quarters, when it was removed to the Pottery of August Phillips, 233 Cherry Street. Subse- quently more permanent accommodations were furnished by the erection of a Chapel on the Westsideof Canton Avenue, between North and Beach Streets, which was dedicated September 8, 1872, and is yet occupied by the School. Prominent among the active early friends of the work, were C. H. Buck, T. J. Brown, J. M. McKee and others. Prom the first, it has been non-sectarian in character. November 20, (^^z^^-^^r^ PERMANENT RELIGIOUS WORK. 605 1870, Mr. D. N. Trowbridge bcoaino the Super- intendent, as he continues to he. The attend- ance when Mr. Trowbridge assumed charge, was 3() to 40 ; the average for the past ten j-ear.s has been 145. For many years past, Mr. A. G. Moore has been the Assistant Sinjcrin- tendent, Charles Eeibel the Secretary and Treasurer, and Miss Anna Steincamp the Or- ganist, with Miss Minnie Hall as Assistant. ADAMS STREET MISSION. For several years this has been among the prominent enterprises in the interest of the more neglected classes of the young people of the City. In January, 1871, religious services were held in the Theatre Comique, corner of Monroe and St. Clair Streets, an establishment of low order, kept bj' one Capt. Hamm, after which announcement was then made that on the following Sabbath a Sunday School would be opened at that place. At that time some 90 pupils were arrranged in 12 classes. Soon thereafter, the Theatre being closed, other quarters became necessary, and in February, 1871, the School was located at 138 St. Clan- Street, and was known as the St. Clair Street Mission. Here the movement took more defi- nite form, including, beside religious instruc- tion, provision for the more pressing temporal needs of the pupils, for which piurpose a Belief Society was organized by ladies con- nected with the work. In March, 1871, St. Clair Mission Division of Sons of Temperance (afterwards known as Crystal Fountain Divi- sion) was organized, and was instrumental in reclaiming many intemperate men. In May, 1872, the Mission purchased the building 153 Adams Street, when the School took the name of Adams Street Mission. At the time, the bar of a low saloon was still standing in the room. The Sunday School at this place was inaugu- rated February 24, 1872. Payment for the building (?350) was made in April, when it was transformed from an abode of vice and crime to a School of virtue and Christian in- struction, which it has continued to be for 16 years. Very soon after the commencement of this Mission, Gen. Patrick S. Slevin, then the Collector of Customs for the District, assumed general charge of the work, and upon resign- ing his official position, assumed the post and work of City Missionary, which he has con- tinued to this time. From the first Mr. J. Cooper Price has been and yet is Superintend- ent of the Mission School. To these two gentlemen, chiefly, is due the success of the enterprise. Beside these, were active in the early history of the School, 1j. M. Skidmore, E. P. Talt, A. A. Andrews and wife, John Irving, Madison Miller, Clarence Morris, J. B. Osborn, Chas. Douglass, C. W. Everett, C. L. Young and others. Prominent among the Managers and Teachers, have been Mrs. J. E. Morehouse, Geo. W. Ford and wife, L. M. Skid- more, and others. In 1886, this Mission re- ceived from Mr. Bobcrt Uallaran, a prominent business man of this Citj', since deceased, a donation of $5,000 for use in providing more adequate accommodations for the work, with which the building. No. 143 Adams Street, was constructed. SABBATH SCHOOL UNION. The Toledo Sabbath School "Union had a celebration September 3, 18G9, in which 17 Schools took part, as follows : First Congregational Church, Rev. W. W. Wil- liams, .Superintendent, ;!50 scholars ; Second Congre- gational (East Side), Rev. R. tjuaift", 7-') ; First Baptist, Wni. Baker, 100; BaptLst (Fifth Ward) Mission, Frank W. Ander.son, 80 ; Sargent Mission, O. R. Morse, 100 ; Piatt Mission, Frank Braisted, Ih ; Bethel, J. Cooper Price, 350; First Presbyterian, Tlioraas Vanstone, 17-5 ; Allen Street Mission, J. I\I. McKee, 125; Westminster, David Smith, 1.50; St. Paul's (M. E.), A. P. Miller, 2.50; Lagrange (M. E.), W. H. Bell- man, 125 ; Broadway (M. E.), R. Hunter, 125; Afri- can (M. E.), Jas. Lyman, 35 ; Point Mission (First Con- gregational), C. H. Buck, 200; Union (East Side), Rev. S. G. Dawson, 100 ; Lutheran, John Klagy, 110. Eevs. Benj. Frankland and M. Caldwell of Cleveland delivered addresses. HOME MISSION. The Home Mission Sabbath School was or- ganized April 15, 1883. It is wholly unde- nominational, and occupies Union Hall, 316 Erie Street, The officers for 1887 were : L. B. Lake, Superintendent; F. P. Smith, Assistant ; C. A. Langdon, Eicka Wackle, and Fannie M. Eddy, Secretaries. Enrollment in 1887, 298. DAVID SMITH was born at Kilconquhar, Scotland, in October, 1818. In 1832, when he was 14 years of age, the family left Scotland for America. After two narrow escapes from shipwreck, they reached Upper Canada and settled at Pickering. When 17 years of age (1835), David went to Buffalo, New York, where, with his brother, James L., he was em- ployed in the engineer's service of the Buffalo and Niagara Eailroad. In 1837, coming to Ohio, he was one of the party who surveyed the line of the proposed Toledo and Sandusky Eailroad, which never was built. That en- gagement completed, Mr. Smith went to Tecum- seh, Michigan, and aided in the location and construction of tlie Palmyra and Jacksonburg Eailroad (now substantially the Jackson branch of the Lake Shore and Michigan South- ern Eoad). Locating at Tecumseh in 1839, he engaged in tlie newspaper business with his brother, James L., and published the Village Record until 1840, when they sold out. En- gaging in the mercantile trade with Geo. \V. Ketcham, David continued in the same there until 1850, when the goods were removed to Toledo. The following year, in connection 60fi HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. with the late Hudson B. Hall, also from Te- cumseh, Mr. Smith began the manufacture and sale of lumber, their mill for several years being located on the East Side, and subse- quently removed to the West Side of the River. In this business Mr. Smith continued until the time of his death. The operations of the es- tablishment, from small beginnings, increased to large proportions and was exceptionally prosperous. For 10 years previous to Mr. Smith's death, which occurred March 29, 1876, his eldest son, Wm. H. H. Smith, was associ- ated with him in business. The exceptional success of the establishment was largelj- due to the strict and correct habits of business, sound judgment and known integrity, which marked its management, and to which the original proprietors both so liberally con- tributed. No firm in the City enjoyed such enviable standing in more eminent degree, than did the firm of H. B. Hall & Co., which never deceived a customer, nor knowingly per- mitted one to be deceived. The business of the establishment, now much enlarged, is con- ducted by Mr. Smith's two sons (William H. H. and Howard M.) Beginning at the age of 17, Mr. Smith's business life covered a period of over 40 years, and throughout was marked by a degree of energy and integrity seldom shown. But it was not in the department of business — honorable as that was — that he com- manded in highest degree the regard of his fellowmen. It was rather in the domestic, the religious and the social relations which he so honorably bore, that his true character found its fullest develojiment. These, far more than the lines of trade, afforded free exercise for his in- born love for men and his high reverence for his Creator, which from childhood so strongly controlled his life. As husband and father, neighbor and citizen, his keen sense of personal obligation to others, was ever shown in a sacri- fice of self in the interest of others. The home circle always enlisted his fondest interest. Next to that, he most highly cherished his re- lations with Christian people. In all the manifold channels for activity in Christian life, he was habitually and zealously employed. For nearly 40 years a member of the Presbj-- terian Church, and most of that period an ofiice- bearer— as Elder, Trustee, Sabbath School Superintendent, or Chorister— he permitted no opportunity for usefulness to pass unim- proved. As a member of Building Committees of the First Congregational and Westminster Churches of Toledo, his devotion of time and judgment was specially useful, and the suc- cess of those Societies was largely due to such effective service. In the contribu- tion of material aid, he was no more restrained in his support of religious work, than in the bestowal of personal service. Nor was his active interest confined to Church work; but was manifested liberally in what- ever ways promised good to his fellow men of whatever class or creed. There was not a social, moral or civil interest of his fellows, that failed to enlist his favorable consideration and his active aid. As a member of the City Council and of the Board of Education, as a Trustee of the House of Refuge, and in other positions of public trust, his services were often sought and always appreciated. It has been trulj- said of him : " He was emphatically a friend of man — ever ready and cheerful in meeting the command to love his neighbor as himself Thus, he left a name more precious to his family and friends, than earthly wealth. He lived and died a true Christian, and his memory will ever be fresh and grateful in the recollection of a large circle of friends." " Such a life — in all its substantial elements, is a suc- cess, and furnishes an example honorable to the deceased and useful to the living, present and future." Following the death of Mr. Smith, the Sunday School of Westminster (Presbyterian) Church — of which he was the first Supei'intendent and throughout an active member — adopted a tribute of affection and acknowledgment to his memory, in which it was stated : '' We recognize in his sound in- struction, loving watchfulness and judicious management, a prominent source of the bless- ings we now enjoy ; and it is a grateful privi- lege to bear testimony to his untiring fidelity and to commend his high example. Especially would we impress upon all, the great value of the careful studj- of the Word of God, which, beginning with early childhood, in his native Scotland, was never relaxed, but attended him with increasing devotion to the last. To search the Scriptui-es, was with him a life-work, and was richly repaid in the well of precious truth ever springing uj) in his heart and flowing out to refresh and gladden all around him." In 18?)9, Mr. Smith was married with Miss Sarah B. Mandeville, who, witli four children — Wm. H. H. Smith, of Toledo; Mrs. Wm. A. Ewing, of Chicago, 111. ; Miss Florence and Howard M. Smith, of Toledo — survive him. Subsequently (March 7, 1886), Mrs. Smith was called to re- join the one so long a partner of her younger and more mature life. Sympathizing with and sharing in the works of usefulness which so largely distinguished her husband's life, Mrs. Smith, like him, ever held a prominent place in the social and religious circles where her activities were highly appreciated. This was eminently so, in the dift'erent fields of Church and benevolent work, where she is specially missed. DEMETRIUS NASH TROWBRIDGE. — Among those who have assisted in promoting the manufacturing interests of Toledo, the sub- ject of this sketch deserves recognition as one of the earlier pioneers in developing this source of local prosperity. Mr. Trowbridge is a son ^67^. c^- /r\ V PERMANENT RELIGIOUS WORK. 607 of Asahel and Betsey (Murray) Trowbridge, and was born at Pike, Wyominijj county, N. Y., July 2, 1825. His father was of English na- tivity, and a lineal descendant of a family of that name which settled in Connecticut as early as 1650. His mother was of Scotch descent, her ancestors also being early .settlers in New England. In 1836 Mr. Trowbridge's parents removed to Niagara County, New York, and settled on a farm. On account of the poor health of his father, Mr. Trowbridge remained on the farm assisting his parents until his 21st year. During this period, the laborious work devolving u]ion him prevented his securing more than the most limited School advantages. For two seasons following his 21st birthday, he successfully conducted a threshing-machine, doing the threshing for the adjoining farmers. In the fall of 1848, in connection with his brother Lyman, he purchased an interest in a shingle-mill at Lockport, New York, in which business he was engaged until 1852. At the latter date he began with the same brother the manufacture of staves at the same place, which was continued until 186:-5, when they came to Toledo and continued the same business in a factory where the Union Elevator now stands, in Bast Toledo. In 1864 another brother (Mortimer) became a partner, from which date lihe firm was known as Trowbridge Brothers. Another mill was built by them at Napoleon, in 1867. In 1874 the subject of this sketch bought out his brothers' interests in the Toledo mill and sold his interest in the Napoleon mill. Mr. Trowbridge then took his son, Frank E., as a partner, and from that time until 1880 the business was conducted under the firm name of D. N. Trowbridge & Son. In 1878 the mill at the Union Elevator was abandoned, and a plant established at Le Moyne, on the Toledo & Co- lumbus Railroad, 12 miles from Toledo. In 1880 the son formed a partnershij) with Joseph M. Spencer, the firm name becoming Trow- bridge & Spencer, which is still engaged in stave manufacturing. Mr. Trowbridge con- tinued the business at Le Moyne until 1885, when he removed to his present location at Dunbridge,on the Toledo, Columbus& Southern Railroad, 14 miles from Toledo, where he has established a Stave and Heading-Mill, Saw- Mill and Hoop-Mill. In 1888 he built an additional mill at Luckey, on the Ohio Cen- tral Railroad, and in 1884 purchased a mill at Defiance. In the former his brother, M. A. Trow- bridge, was partner for a short time, but at the present time his son-in-law, N. B. Eddy, is a partner in both concerns under the firm name of Trowbridge & Eddy. Mr. Trowbridge is at the present time one of the largest Stave manufac- turers in this section, furnishing at his three mills employment to 150 men. The general business office is located on Summit Street. Mr. Trowbridge was married in 1849 to Doro- thy Ann Moag, of Lockj)ort, New York. Four children have boon born to them, all of whom are living and have reached ages of maturity. In order of birth they are as follows : Helen Augusta, wife of N. B. Eddy; Frank E., Eleanor Elizabeth and Marietta. Politically, Mr. Trowbridge has always been guided by his conviction of right, and no man is stronger in his allegiance to his conviction of duty and the course his conscience ajiproves. A meas- ure or a principle he believes to bo founded in the right would receive his sujiport regardless of what other men might do. Moral courage has never been lacking in him to desert any party when he believed it in the wrong. Ho cast his first vote as a Democrat, but when the Free Soil ]iarty came into existence, he at- tached himself to that organization, a step which brouglit upon him the ridicule and al- most personal persecution of his former party friends. Upon the formation of the Republi- can party he joined that organization and re- mained with it until 1872, when the question of the legal suppression of the liquor traffic be- came a prominent issue. This cause appealed to him as one of the objects most desired for the well-being of society. Accordingly he joined the ranks of the Prohibition party, and from that day to this has been one of the most active members in this section of the country. He has ever been ready, at whatever sacrifice of lime and money, to aid in promulgatiTig and instilling in the minds of the people the aims and purpose of a cause he firmly believes will yet be crowned with success. The firm posi- tion taken by Mr. Trowbridge on this question, in the early organization of the Prohibition party, made him at the time one of the very few advocates of the cause in this City. But the idea which was then ridiculed and denounced, he since has the satisfaction to see develop into one of the most commanding questions before the people of this country. While men may differ with Mr. Trowbridge on questions of expediency and methods of carrying out de- sired reforms, still, it is not too much to say, that no man who knows him ever questioned the honesty and sincerity of his motives in any position he assumes, either of a political, social or moral nature. The rare quality of moral courage is the strongest element in his charac- ter, and this naturally enlists the confidence, respect and esteem of all good men. In all that pertains to religious affairs, Mr. Trow- bridge has always been a zealous worker. Ever since he came to Toledo he has been a member of the First Congregational Church, in which for over 20 years, he has been a prom- inent office-bearer. For the last 19 3-cars he has been Superintendent of Allen Street Mission, where his unremitting labors have materially assisted in the building up of that worthy in- stitution. Every deserving work of charity in this City finds in him an earnest, liberal sup- porter, while on all questions affecting the 60S HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COVNTY. public prosperity, he ever evinces the spirit which should actuate a progressive citizen and well-wisher of the public good. LAKESIDE CAMP-GROUND. In the year 1871, it was proposed by a num- ber of older residents of Ottawa County, who, in their younger days, had enjoyed annual Camp Meetings, that there be established a Camp-Ground somewhere in the Island and Peninsula portion of the County. Giving practical torm to such proposition, these parties purchased a tract of land on the North shore of the Peninsula, and nearly opposite Put-in Bay, which they, through Eeverend Leroy H. Beit, then Presiding Elder of the Toledo" Dis- trict, tendered to the Central Ohio Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, within whose bounds the property was located, upon the condition that the same should be adopted and maintained as the Camp-Ground of the Conference. The offer was accepted, and the location was given the name of " Lake- side." Trustees in Trust were elected (partly of Ministers and partly of Laymen), to hold the Grounds, for the purpose named. Both the owners and the Trustees soon found the under- taking to be more than they had contemplated ; but earnest steps at once were taken toward the execution of the plan. A Dock, a Hotel, Dining-HuU, and sj'stem of sewerage, water- supply, and lighting of the grounds were soon commenced. In 1872, several Toledo parties took stock in the Land Company. These in- cluded L. M. Skidmore, Chas. W. Bond, J. Vogle, C. A. Croninger, J. W. Hiett, and E. W. Lenderson. To the Church the Land Company deeded theauditorium, parks, sole police control, and power forever to prohibit tiie saleof lots for purposes adverse to the nature, scope and design of the enterprise ; at the same time binding the Company to furnish water, lighting, ice, sewer- age and boarding and sleeping accommoda- tions; while reserving to itself the right to hold or sell lots as surveyed. The Church was bound to hold meetings on these Grounds for not less than the five following years, and with intermissions of not to exceed two years there- after. After the first year it was deemed best to associate other Conferences with the one own- ing these rights. The Articles of Association under which the Church became corporate, were then so changed that such other Confer- ences might at any time participate in owner- ship and management. The North Ohio, the Central German, and the East Ohio Confer- ences all have since become^ thus associated, and under their united management and con- trol, Sabbath School Encampments,^^Camp- Meetings and Lectiire Courses are there an- J nually held. Upon the Grounds a commodi- ous Dock, a fine Hotel, several Dining-Halls, a good Store, Ice-houses, Meat-shops, &c., have been erected bj' the Land Company, and two large auditoriums — one for the English and one for the Germans — have been erected. Over 350 Cottages have been jjut up by individual owners, so that Lakeside has become a " Village in the Woods." Many families have their permanent houses here. Hence, there are es- tablished a Post-OfRce, Church and School. Water transportation was the only means for getting to and from Lakeside for several years ; but as the certainty and pleasure of this means of travel depended upon the weather, a Railroad has been constructed to Marblehead and Lakeside from Danbury, where it forms a junction with the Lake Shore Railway. The stock of the Land Company is now principally owned by two men resident at Lakeside — Messrs. Samuel R. Gill and Barney Jacobs — who spend most of their time attend ing to the demands of this fast growing enter- prise. People of all denominations have their Cottage-houses here, and upon the platform at Lakeside are annually heard speakers without regard to sect or political association ; and in the annual programmes of entertainment, Religion, Education, Social Reform, all are cultivated and encouraged alike. To these Grounds annually flock thousands of people for recreation, instruction and pleasure during the heated season of the year, the Grounds being open from July to September. These Grounds were dedicated by the eloquent and talented Rev. Dr. Eddy, since which time they have been visited bj' about all the most noted speakers of the country. The first President of Lakeside Association was Rev. Joseph Aj'ers, who served one 3'ear ; the second was Dr. F'. S. Hoyt, who served two years ; the third was Rev. E. Y. Warner, who served three ^ears ; the fourth was Rev. Leroy H. Belt, who served seven 3'ears ; the fifth was Rev. C. Case, who served one year ; and the next. Rev. Manchester, who served one year. The present incumbent (1887) is Rev. John Mitchell. Of the Lakeside Land Company, E. C. Griswold is now the President ; S. E. Gill the Secretary, and Barnej- Jacobs the Treas- urer. Rev. B. T. Vincent is Superintendent of the Sunday School Encampment. Here, under Dr. Vincent, as at Chautauqua under his brother, Dr. John H. Vincent, are all the modern Sun- day School methods taught. The success of the Lakeside enterprise, in the religious, scientific and social advantages furnished by it, as well asjin the financial aspect, is quite exceptional ; with every prospect of further growth in the same direction for many years to come. PART IX. LITERARY /■ CHAPTER I. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. THE first public movement in tliis section in belialf of Common 8chool Education, con- sisted of a moetini; of tiie friends of that cause, held attbe Presbj-terian Church in Perrysburg, November 17, 1837, which was called to order by Mr. Henry Bennett, when S. R. Austin was made President, and P. H. Crowell, of Maumee City, Secretary. The President stated tlie ob- ject of the meeting to be the improvement of Common Schools in the Maumee Vallej', by elevating the standard of their character ; when Messrs. Hickox, Henry Darling and S. E. Aus- tin were appointed a committee on resolutions. The afternoon meeting was opened with prayer by Rev. Mr. Jones of Maumee City The com- mittee reported a constitution, when Messrs. Henry Reed, Hickox and Sadler addressed the meeting on the deficiencies and means of im- proving the system of Common School Educa- tion. Rev. Mr. Birdsell addressed the meeting on the necessity of having professional Teach- ers, and the duties of Trustees, Directors and private individuals. Messrs. John C. Spink, Elijah Huntington and Henry Darling were appointed a committee to recommend officers for the Society. The name of the organization then was the "Educational Society of the Maumee Valley ;" its object, " To improve the condition of Common Schools, and to elevate the standard of education by disseminating in- formation on the subject, and adopting such other measures as may be deemed advisable and conducive to these objects." The officers chosen were : President, Dr. H. Conant, of Maumee City ; Vice President, John Evans, Defiance ; Hazael Strong, Napoleon ; Jessup W. Scott, Miami ; Andrew Coffinbury, Perrys- burg, and Pierre M. Irving, Toledo. Recording Secretary, S. R. Austin ; Treasurer, John Webb, Perr3"sburg. At that time there were in Ohio about 8,0(10 School Districts, in which about 490,000 schol- ars wei'e taught for over two months of the year, although the greater portion were in School during the Winter months only, the Summer Schools being chiefly in the Cities and Towns, and attended mainly by young chil- dren. The annual expenses of the School sys- tem of Ohio then, for tuition, books, fuel, etc., were about S500, 000. The State Superintendent, Samuel Lewis (to whom the people of Ohio are deeply indebted for the advanced educational system they now po8.se8s), estimated tiiat at least 5,000 regular Teachers — to serve through the year — were required, to support whom the sum of S200,000 was necessary, or $125,000 more than was then provided. "This," says Mr. Lewis, "might be supplied by various taxes — such as tavern and grocery taxes. These should be taxed high, and then if men will drink, the monej' paid by the drinking man will principally go to educate his children." Ohio then had :i, 000 School Districts without School buildings. The first official record found pertaining to Public Schools in Toledo, was made October 18, 183G, when the Trustees of Port Lawrence Township laid off the Township in 16 School Districts. James M. Whitney was then Town- ship Clerk. By act of the Ohio Legislature, passed in 1837, the Public Schools within the City of To- ledo were committed to the care and manage- ment of the City Goverment ; and accordingly, September 25, 1837, the Council divided the City into three School Districts, as follows ; No. 1— That part of the City Easterly of Locust Street. No. 2 — Between Locust and Adams Streets. No. 3 — The territory West of Adams Street. As nearly as can now be ascertained, the first female teacher, if not the first teacher, in Toledo, was Miss Harriet Wright, a niece of Governor Silas Wright, of New York. She was born in Vermont, May 8, 1812, and came to Toledo in 1834. In 1835, she taught a School in the frame building on Erie Street, elsewhere shown as the first Court-house of Lucas Count}'. January 25, 1835, she was married with Mun- son H. Daniels, then of Toledo, and soon there- after the first Sheriff of Lucas County. Mrs. Daniels died in Toledo, July 20, 1842, aged 30 years. She was a member of the Baptist Church, which denomination then had no or- ganization in Toledo. She was a woman of superior qualities and highlj- esteemed. At the approach of death she said, " 1 am prepared to die. I have no desire to live, but for ipy husband's sake." Following Mrs. Daniels were various teach- ers, male and female, in the three Districts, without classification as to studies, books or other .system. Very imperfect record can be found of these. From the files of the Blade, it is learned that October 1, 1838, Charles W. Hill, City Clerk, gave notice for an election to determine " upon the leasing, erecting or purchasing of a suffi- cient number of School-houses, and the leasing [611] 612 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. or puTctiasing of a lot or lots on which to er^et such houses for the Schools of the City ; and also how mucli money should be raised for such purposes, and the purchase of fuel for School-houses." The result of this vote is not ascertained. Tlie extent of School privileges found here in 1889, may bejudged by tiie fact, that in April of tliat year Jolin Berdan and E. S. Dodd jointly advertised for " a gentleman qualified to take charge of a limited number of scholars." In 1889, the City Council elected John Ber- dan, Samuel B. Scott and Oliver Stevens as School Directors. The pioneer Charity School of Toledo was opened in "the room over the Tailor-shop on Lagrange Street" (the shop of Levi Snell), on the 17th of June, 1839, under the superinten- dence of "the Benevolent and Charitable So- ciety." It was designed for Girls under 15, and Boys under eight years of age. Children of" indigent jjarents of good report," were sup- plied with books and articles of clothing when necessarj'. Moderate compensation from par- ents able to make such, was expected. For particulars, reference was made to the resi- dence of Samuel Allen, near the School-room. During the Fall term there were taught 12 children at half price; eight at less than half; and some at one-third price; beside 10 gratui- touslj', and also furnished with books and clothing to fit them to attend. It seems at that date there was no Public School in Toledo. December 20, 1840, the City Council passed " an ordinance for the regulation of Common Schools in the City of Toledo," by which pro- vision was made tor three Directors for each District in the City (the Districts being the Wards), in whose charge would be the Public Schools. It was also provided " that in all cases during the period when thepublic money should be applied to the support of the Schools, said Schools shall be free for all the tvhite chil- dren of the District, under such regulations as may be adopted to secure to each one equal participation therein." In this connection, it should be borne in mind, that at that time, none but " white children " liad in Ohio or elsewhere in this country, anj- " rights which white men were bound to respect" — it then being unlawful in this State even to em- ploy a colored person for common labor. At the time named, the City Council elected the following School Directors, to wit : 1st Ward — John Berdan, Jacob Clark and Samuel Allen; 2d Ward— Peter H. Shaw, L. S. Lownsbuiy and Edward Bissell. 3d Ward— Coleman I. Keeler, Jr., Wm. Hoskins and Joseph Turner. June 25, 1842, was reported to the Council, a vote of two mills on the dollar by District No. 2, for rent of School-building, which was ap- proved. Also, was presented a report that District No. 3 had voted one mill on the dollar for like purpose ; which was approved. This action by the Council was not specially hopeful of the advance of popular instruction in the infant City. It will be borne in mind, that at that time, expenses for tuition were met by charges, which each pupil was required to meet, and to which alone the teacher must look for hispav, the District — as already seen — furnishing only the house and fuel. How fiir one mill on the dollar of the small taxable valuation of that time went toward the support of educational privileges for a District, may be imagined. The Schools were then in operation but a few months of the year — chiefly in win- ter — and the imperfect advantages furnished were practicallj' denied to many children un- able, from distance from the Schools, to attend with regularity. At a public examination of pupils in District No. 1 (Lower Town), March 27, 1847, prizes were awarded for excellence as follows : To Zebulon C. Pheatt (now of the firm of Emerson & Co.), for improvement in penmanship; to Miss J. M. Peck, for proficiency in Natural Philosophy ; and to Miss Mary E. Lownabury, for ability in book-keeping. In December, 1847, there were in Toledo four Schools, averaging about 100 pupils each. The pioneer School-bell then made its advent. So far as can now be ascertained, the first stej) toward the permanent improvement of the means of education in Toledo, consisted of an ordinance passed by the City Council, May 14, 1842, "for the erection of School houses in the City of Toledo." David Crane was then the President of that body, and Edson Allen the Clerk. The ordinance provided for a vote by the electors of the several School Districts, to determine whether or not grounds be purchased and School buildings erected ; and also as to renting buildings for School purposes, the amounts to be paid for such purposes, and also for fuel. Rejjorts of such votes were to be made to the Council, and when approved by that body, the requisite tax would be levied upon the property taxable in the District, " not including the property of black or mulatto pei'sons " (for the reason that colored children then had no right to public instruction of any sort). June 7, 1842, rejiort was made to the Council, that the electors of District No. 1 had voted for a tax of 15 mills on the dollar, for the purchase of a lot and erection of a School- house thereon ; and also, that two mills had been voted bj' that District for expenses of School-house rent, fuel, etc., for the year. The vote for a School-house was disapproved by the Council, as involving too large an outlay: and that for renting accommodations was approved. At the same session, the Council disapproved a vote bj' District No. 2, for a levy of 23 mills for building a School-house. Miss M. Howlett opened a Select School in a building on the corner of Superior and La- grange Streets, in July, 1841, teaching English PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 613 branches. Eates — Alphabet, $1.00 per term; Spelling and Reading, Sl.-il) ; Aritlnnetic, Geog- raphy and Grammar, 82.00; llighor Branches, 83.110 to S4. 00. In December, 1841, Thomas Dunlap, Jr., taught such a School at the corner oi'Su])erior and Lagrange Streets, in a building which now ilS87) constitutes a portion of the residence of )r. S. S. Thorn. The teacher of this School is yet a resident of Toledo. In October, 1843, Charles Dodge opened in what was known as the Courtroom building, Northeastcorner of Summit and Cherry Streets, a Select School, including, with the English branches, Spanish, French, German, Latin and Greek languages. Terms for English depart- ment, §3.00 per term ; for other languages, 85.00. Mr. Dodge is still a resident of Toledo. In the winter of 1844-45, Miss Jenks taught a School for young ladies and misses in a building at the corner of Summit and Cherry Streets. Levi S. Lownsburj' opened the Toledo Acad- emy (day and evening) in January, 1846, in Mott's Block, corner Summit and Monroe Streets. The condition of things thus stated contin- ued, with such degree of improvement as a total lack of system and requisite means per- mitted, until thelall of 1848, when the late Fran- cis HoUenbeck, then a resident of Perrysburg, furnished the Toledo Blade articles setting foi-tb the need and the practicabilitj' of improve- ment in the School facilities of the City. The etfect of such discussion was, to call attention to the entire want of system and efficiency in the existing plan, when a petition was presented to the Legislature for the extension to Toledo of the " Akron law," originally passed in 184G, and already successtul in that Town. This petition was circulated by the late Simeon Fitch, Jr. Though not meeting the unanimous sentiment of the people of Toledo, there was no active opposition, and the law asked for was passed. In May, 1849, on a popular vote, this law was accepted by the City, and steps at once taken for putting the system into operation. Among the friends of the movement active in its support, are named Austin Willey, Roswell Stowe, Daniel Swift, Alfred Stowe, Levi S. Lownsbury, Jas. M. Whit- ne}', Dennison Steele, Thos. Dunlap, Edward Bissell, Sr., Daniel Segur, and C. I. Scott. The first Board of Education consisted of Ira L. Clark (President), Decius Wadsworth, Simeon Fitch, Jr., John P. Freeman, Samuel B. Scott, and Morgan L. Collins. There were then in the City three small buildings used for School pur2>oses, all amounting in value to about 81,500; but the Board was without fur- niture fit for use, as they were without funds for the purchase of such. They leased rooms for a Central Grammar School, and for Pri- mary Schools in the four Wards of the City, iu which latter were 489 pupils enrolled. For the supply of indis])ensable furniture, the mem- bers of the Board generously made advances from private means, and set the new sj'stem in operation so far as the conditicins permitted. The first check to their movement was the re- fusal of the City Council ti) approve a levy of three mills on the dollar for School jjurpo.ses. There was nothing verj- sui'prisiiig in these facts. The radical change of policy then being instituted — from that of jiopular indifference to and practical neglect of the great inter- est of education, to recognition of respon- sibility by the communitj- for the free educa- tion of all children — was well calculated to challenge discussion and provoke antagonism. It is doubtful if greater advance in an}' public matter ever was known, than was in- volved in the new School system then strug- gling for acceptance by those upon whom its burthens, new and not slight, were to fall. Toledo was by no means an exception in any hesitation at first shown in that connection. On the contrary, it was even then in advance of the average sentiment of Western Cities. In due time, through the patient and persist- ent efforts of earnest friends of the nev^ sys- tem, opposition was so far overcome, that it was accepted and established on a basis of popular support, which 38 years of experience, with all its labors and expense, has not been able to shake; and to-day, it may be trulj-said, that in no other City in Ohio is the policy of Free Education more firmly grounded in the popular feeling, than in Toledo; while iu no other have the serious burthens incident thereto been more cheerfully met, than here. What these have been in taxation, is indicated by the statement of School property elsewhere given. The more fully to invest the Board with independent action in the matter of means for the prosecution of its plans, the law- made that bod}- independent of the City Coun- cil in the matter of tax levies for School pur- poses. To this feature has the system been in great measure indebted for its remarkable efficiency and success. With other needs provided for, everything at the outset of the new system depended upon the efficiency of its executive head. As in all other organizations, without a competent Su])er- intendent, no extent of provision could give success. This is specially true as to the be- ginning of untried ventures. Fortunately, the Toledo Schools did not have to wait for such important support. The Board secured the services of Eev. Anson Smyth. At the opening of the new School system in 1849, the Jligh and Grammar Schools occu- pied a frame building, 204 Summit Street, near Adams, on the lot now occu])ied by Meilink's furniture establishment, whei-e they remained until the increase in pupils made demantl for larger accommodations. The Grammar De- 614 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. partmeut was theu removed to a frame build- ing constructed for the jjurpose on Superior Street, between Adams and Oak, which subse- qucntlj- was used by an Unciassitied School, then by the Central Mission Sabbatli School, and now constitutes the rear portion of two dwellings. Tn 1853, both these departments were removed to the new High School build- ing, then first occupied. The first important step toward the i^rovision of suitable School-houses for the City, was taken in the construction of the Lagrange Street building, which was com]ileted and occu- jMed in April, 1852. deferring to that struc- ture, the Blade said ; " It is an edifice of which every citizen of Toledo has great reason to be proud— a splendid result of the common effort, by which, during the past two years, the Schools of" our City have been raised from a condition of absolute worthlessness, to one em- bracing all the improvements and pei-fections of modern energy and investigation." Of the condition of tiie Schools themselves, that paper said : " We doubt if any Schools in the country were in worse condition than ours, when Rev. Anson Smyth took charge of them ; and we confidently challenge any Superintendent in Oliio to make an exhibition of Schools now in better condition." The next and still more important step in the progress of the new School system, was the provision of a Central building, which, while furnishing much-needed accommodations for the higher grades of Schools, should also con- stitute a sign of the completeness and perma- nence of the new order of things. That was an end much more easily conceived than reached. A glance over the condition of affairs from the earliest history of the City to that period, will show something of what the friends of the movement had to overcome, preliminary to the advance which the}- sought to be made. A plan for a High-School building, prepared in 1853, contemplated the two wings which since have been supplied, the main building only being then undertaken. This was Sfix 102 feet ; 3 stories high; of stone and brick; with 26 rooms— those of the first and second stories, 151 feet high ; and of third story, 21 feet. On the third floor was a lecture-room, 86x53i feet, with capacity for 1,800 persons. A tower was provided with a large clock, having three seven-feet dials. Above this was placed a bell weighing 4,305 pounds, with the inscription on one side, " Toledo High School, May 1st, 1854," and on the other, " To Learning's Fount, the Youth I Call." The ceremony of laying the corner-stone of this building took place August 11, 1853, with the co-operation of the Board of Education, the City Fire Department and the Odd Fellows of Toledo. John Fitch was Pres- ident of the Day ; Denison B. Smith, Rev. H. B. Walbridge and Rev. J. T. Caples, Vice Presidents. Committee of Arrangements — Matthew Johnson, B. B. Brown andC. W. Hill. Marshal of the Day, Gen. Jos. W. Brown, with Gen. C. B. Phillips, Major J. R.Bond, John W. Walterhouse and Di-. V. Braun, as Aids. A procession was formed, which marched to the site of tiie proposed building, where prayer was offered by Rev. Mr. Walbridge; an address and the laying of the cornerstone by the Grand Master of Odd Fellows; an address by Lorin Andrews, Agent of the State Teachers' Association ; and benediction by Rev. Mr. Caples. In a historical statement of the Toledo Public Schools, prepared by Superintendent D. F. DeWolf^, in January, 1876, it is stated as to the School buildings: The rule for ten years has been not to erect a building on less than 40,000 square feet of land, and in most cases there is more than this for permanent buildings. Tlie standard size of single rooms, accom- modating .50 pupils or less, has been for ten years, 34x2S feet, and not less than 14 feet from floor to ceiling, with ample halls 14 feet wide, and a large play basement for each sex — these last with white-washed walls, generally lumber floors, and well warmed and ventilated ; also quarters for janitor, and moist care- fully constructed out-buildings. The windows of the late huildings are arranged to secure sun in each room a part of the School hours, and to throw the light on one side of the pupils only, and never in the face of the teacher. The methods of heating have advanced from ordinary Wood-Stoves, by way of Chilson's ventilating Stove, and Chilson's and Boynton's hot-air furnaces, to steam heating. It ^\'as found that the first furnished no ventilation, except by drafts of cold, and hence heavier air along the feet of tlie pupils ; the second, no heat; the third, no means of control during pressing winds, nor of sup- plementing the meagre supply of heat in windward rooms. Steam coils are now run through air cham- bers in the basement, which receive a supply of fresh air from outside the building, b}- means of large tubes. This air, being heated, is brought into the rooms for ventilating purposes, and is partly relied on for warmth, while coils are also run around the sides of the room, or stacked in different places, to supply by radiation the heat of this warm air. Flues with ample openings at the floor, are relied on to take off the vitiated air, and the elasticity of the incoming heated air, as it rises to the ceiling, is de- pended on to press the cold and vitiated air out of the floor openings. There are still placed in flues near the ceiling, small registers ; but these are now intended to be .so small as never entirely to re- lieve the pressure of the hot air on the mass, and thus stop the circulation through the floor registers. The}' are alwavs kept closed while warm air is cominginto the room, as otherwise the heated air establislies a direct current to them, leaving the mass of the air in the room stagnant. The window sash liave panes tightly puttied in on both sides, leaving a half-inch space of dry air between the panes. The descending current occasioned by the contraction of the air of the room as it impinges on the large surface of cold "glass, is avoided, ami a prolific source of rheumatism, croup and diphtheria is removed. So long, however, as any occasions remain for letting in direct drafts from windows to remove the tainted air, which is also itself the occasion of diphtheria, debility and nervous diseases, the end has not been reached. Whether this can be effected without a blower, such as is now used in the Washington School of Chicago, or some other mechanical means, is still uncertain. The PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 615 subject of proper heating and ventilation still needs study. Its importance cannot be over-estimated. This quotation is made here, as a way-mark, to indicate the progress then made in Toledo toward the more perfect and complete plans of School buildinii-s which future study and genius shall provide. The first public exhibition of the Toledo High School took place at Union Hall, March 12, 1S52. It consisted of reading of composi- tions and declamation ; and was also the first event of the kind in the City. The programme M-as substantially as follows : First, was Master diaries O. Brigham, with a Latin salutatory. Next, was Master Thomas B. Mott, with an English salutatory. Following, came Miss Frances L. Collins, with a composition, "The Ap- parent and the Real ;" Miss E. E. Belknap, " Proper Sphere of Woman ;" .\Iiss .Julia Bissell (now Jlrs. Asa Backus), "Genius;" Miss Isabella Harmon, "Jubal ;" Miss L. R. Fitch (now Mrs. E. B. Hyde), " Europe ;" Miss Anna E. Swift (now Mrs. Norman Waite), '' Our School and School Room." Then came Master J. M. Blodgett's oration on the Bible; followed by a dialogue (" Public Opinion "), written by Heiu-y T. Bissell, the parts being sus- tained by the author and Master Ricliard W, Howard ; oration. " Man makes his own Character," by N. A. Cone; dialogue, " Byron and Franklin," written by Master Warren S. Waite ; oration on Colonel Leh- manowsky, a noted Polish patriot, at that time travel- ing and lecturing in this country. Following, was an oration by " the youngest scholar in the School " (Master William H. H. Smith); a dialogue on " Wo- men's Rights "—a question then recently prominent in the country — Master Abram W. Colton having the part of the " Bloomer." and Master Cone, that of the " Bloomer's" husband ; while Master Brigham liad that of "the impudent imp of the printing office," sometimes known by another title. The exercises were concluded with an oration on Greece, and Val- edictory, by Henry T. Bissell. The effect of this exhibition seems to have been marked and beneficiah The audience — the largest ever seen in the hall —were most favorably impressed with the first showing of the new school arrangement, to the unexpected success of which is no doubt largely attributa- ble the firm foundation in popular feeling which ever since has given unfailing support to Toledo's educational system. The pioneer superintendent (Rev. Anson Smyth), and much less the young lads and misses taking jjart in the exercised, could not then appreciate the far-reaching strength thej^ were giving to that great interest. Of those taking part on that occasion (now 36 years ago), there are known to be still living Messrs. Smith, Brigham and Colton, and Mrs. Waite, at Toledo ; and Mrs. Hyde and Mrs. Backus elsewhere. The first class graduated from the High School, was that of 1857, Wm. H. H. Smith, Olive Parmelee and Amos W. Crane. Exercises of the graduating class of the High School took place June 24, 1859, were as fol- lows: Prayer by Rev. W, W. Williams. Address bv H. L. Hosmer. Music. Compo.sitions by Miss Adii F. Oroutt, Miss Laura A. Parmelee, and Miss Apphya Avery. Latin Colloquy by Emerson E. Hasty, A.F. Circuit, .^ijphya .\ very,' Sarah Collins and L.A. Par- melee. I'liem, by V,. K. Hasty. Conferring dijilonias, by President Hill. Cla.ss Song, by E. E. Hasty. The Winter term of the Toledo Public •Schools closed with an exhibition, March 8, 1861, when the following was the programme : 1. Opening Song. 2. .Salutatury— James Young. 3. Declamation— Burton Taylor. 4. Dialogue- Ellen Murphy, Gertie Fowie, Lena Kraus, Nettie King, James Young, Alex. Young, o. Declamation— Albert Stevens. (1. Paper — read by Esther Mooers and Mary Chamberlain. 7. Declauiation— t^dward T. Waite. 8. Class of girls from Gymnasium. ',). Declamation — Frank Scott. 10. Song— Adele Reed, Minnie Hamp- ton, C. S. Grossman. 11. Declamation— Camillus Fahnestock. 12. Dialogue— Fairfield, Fisk and I'fan- ner. 13. Declamation — Otto Kraus. 14. Song — .Miss Hampton and Mr. Grossman. b5. DeclanuUion — Roswell J. Cheney. 16. Class of Boys from Gym- nasium. 17. Declamation— George Colby. 18. Dec- lamation — Ethelbert S. Griffith. 19. Soiig — School. Matthew Brown, J. Austin Scott, Mrs. S. A. Raymond, .Mrs. J. Austin Scott, and Mi.ss L. Sizer, Committee appointed to examiiu; jjaintings and drawings of scholars under instruction of Miss Sarah Marshall (now Mrs, John H. Peck), reported, highly commending oil paintings by Mis.ses Steb- bins and Church ; Crayon and Monochromatic drawings by Misses Holloway, May, Whitney and Gertrude Smith ; and pencil drawings by Misses So- phie Hill, Kate Shoemaker, Carrie R. Waggoner, So- phie Watson, Lottie Haskell, Belle Brownlee, Alice Hall, Lottie Steele, Fanny Rowland and Evelyn Shepard, and Emery D. Potter, Jr. Public exercises in connection with the close of the school year, June 28, 1861, consisted of prayer by Rev. W. W. Williams ; address bj' Rev. Anson Smyth ; oration b}' John J. Hun- ker ; composition bj' Helen M. Jones; oration hj Cyrus W. Breed ; composition by Myra L. Dorr; oration by Henry A. Forsyth; compo- sition by Rachel Tyler ; music, conducted bj' C. S. Grossman ; conferring of diplomas by Judge E. D. Potter. The School year (1861-63) closed with the usual graduating exorcises, June 26, 1862. In reporting the same, the Blade said : " It is a fact worth}" of note, that all the j'oung men of the Graduating Class of 1862, have been, or are now, engaged in the service of their coun- try ; and all but one are now ' in the field,' the exception having been a member of the 14th Regiment in its three-months service." The programme of the evening was as follows: Prayer, by Rev. H. B. Walbridge. Colloquy — The Peril and the Triumph- Mary E. Eldridge, Lottie A. Steele, Mary E. Ha.skell, Carrie Cheney, Emily Springer, Sophie Watson, Belle Hamniell, Lucy D. Collins, .lulia A. Steele. The Class Song was by Miss Emily Springer, set to music by Prof. Grossman. The male members of the Class then in the Army, were W. Hunt Walbridge, Emery D. 616 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COVNTY. Potter, Jr., and Ealph Osborn. The male graduate was Andrew J. Wales. A prominent and fitting feature of the Hall on the occasion of the graduating exercises of the Toledo High Schoor, July 1, 1864, consisted of a decoration in tlie form of a Shield, com- posed of 74 Stars — the numher of hoys who had within the preceding six months been in the School, and also in the Union Army. Inter- woven near the top of the Shield, were the words, " Honor to Our Braves ;" below this, and in the center, were the words, " In Memo- riani ;" and surrounding these, wrought in tlie border of the Shield, the initials of seven gradu- ates, who bad fallen martyrs to the cause of Freedom, to wit : Theodore Sawyer, at Dalton, Ga. ; G. Duncan Forsyth, at Richmond, Va. ; George M. Ballard, at Petersbui-gh, Va. ; Hamilton C. Colton, at Cumberland, Md. ; Amos H. Miner, at 2d Bull Run battle ; Mason Cressey, at Chickamauga; and James T. Bailey, at Fort Wagner, S. C. Over the stage in front, was the American flag, festooned with a wreath of flowers and leaves ; in rear, against the wall, the motto of the class, '-Plus Ultra," and above these the words, " God Save the Union." SUPERINTENDENTS OF TOLEDO SCHOOLS. The flrst Superintendent of the Public Schools of Toledo, was Rev. Anson Smyth, who had been for several years the Pastor of First Congregational Church of that City. He continued in charge of the Schools until F'eb- ruary, 18.56. Upon him devolved the sjiecial responsibility of organizing and inaugurating a sj'stem of education entirely new to the people. Old notions and practices had to be removed, and the better so introduced as to be made acceptable. The embarrassments of such a work can be appreciated onl}' by those who have passed through it. Mr. Smyth was ex- ceptionally successlul in his service. In the language of the Board of Education, he " per- formed the duties of Superintendent with great ability and untiring industry." Subsequentlj', Mr. Smj'th served with equal credit for two terms as State Commissioner of Common Schools. He afterwards was Superintendent of the Public Schools of Cleveland, where he died in 1886, leaving a wife and one daughter (Mrs. Samuel Eddy). February 4, 1856, Mr. John Eaton, Jr., suc- ceeded to the office of Superintendent. He came from New Hampshire and from Dart- mouth College, and acted as Sui^erintendent until March 7, 1859. Of his service, the Board said : " The untiring industry, zeal and fidelity which have characterized Mr. Eaton's service as Superintendent, are well known, and appre- ciated by the friends of education acquainted with his course, and merit our special com- mendation." The high qualities shown in Toledo have given Mr. Eaton success in far more promi- nent fields of labor since leaving Toledo. Com- pleting a clerical course of studj',he was ordained for the ministry in 1861, and soon after the commencement of the Rebellion he acce])ted an ajii)ointment as Chaplain of the 27th Ohio In- fantry, which position he held until detailed by Gen. Grant as " Superintendent of Contra- bands," in April, 1861^, holding such position until the organization of the Bureau of Freed- men about the close of the War. In 1869, he was appointed by President Grant as United States Commissioner of Education, which office he held, with special honor, for over 16 years, and until he resigned, in 1885, to accept the Presidency of Marietta College, Ohio. The successor of Mr. Eaton as Superintend- ent of Toledo Schools, was Mr. Moses T. Brown, who remained in faithful and successful admin- istration of the office until he resigned, in April, 1864. Most of the time since leaving Toledo, Mr. Brown has devoted his attention mainly to giving instruction in elocution, and largely in connection with Tuft's College, Boston. Col. Daniel F. De Wolf became Superintend- ent of the Toledo Schools in 1864. He was formerly in charge of the Public Schools of Norwalk and Tiffin. During the War he was in the Union Armj-, serving as Major of the 55th Ohio Infantry. He served as Superin- tendent from 1864 until 1876. To his energy, watchfulness and judgment, the Schools were much indebted for the good degree of efficiency and success which attended them lor the 12 years of his service. He was subsequently twice elected State School Commissioner, in which position he displayed the same qualities with success, as in Toledo. He is now (1887) engaged in agricultural pursuits in Georgia, where he removed in consideration of the ill health of his son Clarence, who died in Decem- ber, 1887. The successor of Col. DeWolf was Mr. Almon A. McDonald, who served acceptably for six years and until July, 1880 Subsequently. he was Superintendentof Toledo House Correction. Mr. McDonald was succeeded by Mr. J. W. Dowd, who was in service for six years. Dur- ing that time he commanded the confidence and respect of pupils and parents, as of the Board of Education. Upon the resignation of Mr. Dowd, in 1886, Mr. Harvey W. Compton was appointed Suj)er- intendent, and continues to act as such to general acceptance. As shown, there have been during the 38 years of the existence of the Public Schools, seven Superintendents, averaging over five years' service each. It is a fiict noticeable and creditable to Toledo, as well as to the individuals concerned, that of these officers, two served for two terms each as State School Commissioner of Ohio, while another was for 16 years United States Commissioner of Education, each serving with credit and success. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 617 TEACHERS IN TOLEDO SCHOOLS. Following is a full list of Teachers in the Toledo Public Schools, from their organization, in June, 1849, until February, 1859, covering the first ten years of School history. Their names are thus given here, that more full record be made of the im))ortrtnt part they bore in securing success and permanence to tiie system which has grown to such large pro- portions and become so prominent an agency in the best progress of the Citj". As upon the tidelity, courage and efficiency of tl>e subordi- nates and privates of an Army, even more than upon those in command, depends the ciuestion of results ; so to faithful, intelligent, pains- taking Teachers, more than upon Directors ami Superintendents, must the people rely for the highest success of their School .system. It has been Toledo's good fortune, fi-om the first, to have, in rare degree, fidelity and efficiency alike in the Officers and Teachers of their Schools. The exceptions in the case serve only to make more clear the rule. Did space per- mit, it would be a pleasure to continue this list of luimes through the 38 \ ears of faithful ser- vice by the Teachers in these Schools. The Teachers for the first 10 years of the Schools, were as follows : SUPERINTENDENTS. Ansou Smyth, November -i, 1850. to February 4, 185)1. John Eaton, Jr., February 4, 1856, to March 7, 1859. Moses T. Brown, Slarch 11, 1859, and continued. FEMALE TEACHERS.* Auld, Mrs. J. C, 1856. and continued: 4th Ward and Grammar. Brigham, Miss Harriet. Sept., '49, to July, '50; *2d Ward. Bissell, Miss Harriet, Sept., '52, to Nov., 'M: 3d Ward Primary. Brooks, Miss Margaret, Jan. to April, '.54 ; Lagrange Primary. Brown. Miss L. A., Sept., '.55, to July, '58; Lagrange Primary. Barr. Mrs. E. E.,Sept., "5(i. and continued ; Lagrange Primary. Chollett. Miss Marie. Spring '51 ; M Ward Secondary. Colby. Mrs. M. G., March, '53, to July, '55; 4th Ward and La- grange. Corning. Miss Emilv, Winter '.53-'54 : Lagrange Secondary. Chase, -Miss Susan. Fall 1833_. Caine, Miss E. J., Winter 18.:t5-'56: J-agrange Secondary. Chadwici;, Miss Susan. Spring term '51 : Assistant, 4lh Ward. Deyo. Miss Fannie M.. Sept., '49, to '54 ; 3d Ward Secondary. Dodge. Miss Delia F.. Spring term '5i : Lagrange Primary. Eels. Miss J. A , Fall '.50 to Spring '5*2 : Cirammar. Eddy. Miss E., Fall '51 to July, 'o2 ; A.ssistant, High School. Eastman. Miss Martha, Fall '^i to '.57: Assistant. High School Embrie. Miss Sally J . Fall '.5(j : Assistant Grammar. Eaton. MissCaroline, Sept.'Sb, and continued: Asst. High School. Eldridge, Miss S. E , Sept.. '58, and continued : Asst, Lagrange Secondary. Fisher, Miss H,, Fall and Winter '53 and '54 ; 4th Ward. Fairchiid, Miss Louisa, Sept., '53, and continued : 4th Ward. Forsyth, Miss Charlotte, Sept., '55, and continued ; 4th Ward Primary. Fairchiid. iliss Clarissa, Spring '.55, and continued ; 3d Ward Primary. Graves. Miss Sarah, Spring '50, to July, '58 : 4th Ward Primary. Goe Miss M. K., Spring '51 : ad Ward. Gardner, Miss Sarah E , Sept., '5b, to July, '57 : Lagrange Prim. Gorrill. Miss E. A., April. '57. to Jan., '58 ; Whittlesey Primary. Gilbert. MissS. N,, Sept.. '57, and continued ; Asst. High School. Howe, Miss H. A., Spring '53: 3d Ward Secondary. Hathaway, Miss Julia S., Sept., '55, to July. "'.5(1 ; 4th Ward Grammar. Harrington. Miss Philinda, April, '56, to July, '.56: A.ssistant Lagrange Secondary. Hitchcock, Miss J. A.. Dec, '57, to July, '58: Unclassified. Hunter. Miss H. L., Sept., '57, and continued : Yondota School. Hill. Miss M. A., Sept., '58. to Jan.. '."lO; Whittlesey Primary. Isham. Miss Jane L., Spring '51 : 3d Ward. Keeler, Miss Amelia E., April, 'dn, to March, ',57 : Whittlesey Primary. Kellogg. Miss Nancy C, Sept., '56, and continued ; Assistant Grammar, • Thirty-five of these had been married when this list was prepared in March, 1859. 40 Kennedy. Miss C, Oct., '57, and continued : 1th Ward Primary. Lowusbury, MissS.. Fall '49: ad "A'ard Primary. Lawrence. Miss — . 1850 : 'M Ward I'rimary. Lapham, Mi.ssSsirah .V., Sept.. '52, to July. '5:3 : Asst. High .School. L\ill. Miss.Iulia A.. .Sept. ',57, and continued: Lagrange Sec. Lehman, .Miss -Vgnes E., Aug., '.58. and continued: Lagrange Primary. Mott. Miss .Marie, Spring ',5.3: Lagrange Secondary. Montgomery, Miss Frances, S|iring'64: Asst. 4th Ward Primary. .Mcl'utchton, Miss M.. Fall and Winter '.5-l-','.5 : 4th Ward Prim. Miner. Miss Abbv E., Fall and Winter '.55-'.5C : Asst. Grammar. Marvin, .Miss .M. N., Fall 1.S56 : llh Ward Secondary. McCoy, Miss E. E. . Sept., '50, to April, '57: Unclassified. Minot. Miss Harriet E.. Nov., 'M, to Dec, '58: .Vsst. Grammar. Nel.son. Miss Cora L., ,\pril, '54, and continued : Lagrange and 4th Ward. Nelson, Miss S. C, April, '.5,5, to July, '5(i: A8.sislant Grammar. Odell, Miss E. L., May to July, '57 ; 4th Ward Sccou4 : .\sst. High School. Wells. Miss Maria B., Fall and Winter, 'e2-'53 : :id Ward Second- ary. Woodruff, Miss Pamelia. Sept., '54, to April, ',50: 4th Ward Sec- oudary. White, Miss Mary J.. Sept., '55, to July, '57 ; Lagrange Primary. White, Miss Jennie, Sept., '.57, to July," '.58; Lagrange Primary. Young, Miss Margaret, Sept., '49, to July, '50: 2d Ward. MALE TEACHERS. Ball, (.ieorge F., Sept., '49, to Nov., '50 ; Grammar. Barbour. 0. F., Sept.. '54, to July, '55: Unclassified. Chadwick. W. F S , May, '.51, toJuly, '55: Cirammar, Chase, John A., Spring 1854; 3d Ward. Cook, John G.. March, '54. to Julv, '54 ; Lagrange Secondary. Crandall. F. M., Sept.. '54, to March, '55 ; Prin. High School. Converse. W. A. C, Sept., '.57 and continued : Prin. High School. Darling, D. H., .Sept., '.54, to Julv, '55: Lagrange Secondary. Ellis, John, Spring term, 1853 : 4th Ward. Foster, Watson, Spring term, 1855 : Prin, High School. Hitchcock, Rev. Wm., Feb. to March, 1851 : 3d Ward Secondary. Harris. Wm H., Winter term, 1856; Unclassified. Kinney, J. R., March, '53. to March, '54: Princi]>al (irammar. Pease, Don A,, March, '5:>, to .March, "54 : Principal Grammar, Palmer, .\. B.. Feb., '56, to July, '57: Principal High School. Smyth, Rev. Ansou, Nov., '50, to July, '04 ; Prin. High School. Scott, Charles L, Winter and Spring '52-53 ; 2d Ward Secondary. Shaw, W. D.. appointed— never served : Principal High School. Thomas, E. D., Sept , '55, to Dec, "55; Principal High School. West, A. B., June, '52, and coutintied: Lagrange and Prin. Gram. West, C. D., Sept., '55, to Jan., '.!^6 : Unclassified. SPECIAL TEACHERS. Bingham, Mr. S. L., Spring '55, one year ; Vocal Music. Crossman, Mr. C. S., Sept., '56, and continued ; Vocal Music, Waltz, D. r.. Fall '.54 to Oct., '.55 : Piano. Sherring, Miss Kate, Oct., '55, to Dec. '500 ; Jidia E. Carkener, Secondary, .$525 ; Sophie E. Mandeville, Junior Secondary, $500; Liz- zie Maher, Junior Primary, $4i5 ; L. R. Konopak, German, $600. Warren School — Alice Bangs, Principal and Senior Secondary, -$600 ; Sarah Mulholland, Junior Second- ary, $525; Martha Cahoon, Senior Primary, $525; Mary E. Galvin, Junior Primary. $450. Washington School— Myron H. Twitchell, Prin- cipal and Senior Secondary, f 6.50 ; Lizzie E. Duguid, Senior Secondary, $500; Libbie Mansfield, .lunior Intermediate, $525; Marietta Johnson, Junior Sec- ondary, $.500 ; Celia Bengough, Senior Primary, $.500; Aggie Hofimau, Junior Primarv, $4.50 ; Julia Card, Junior Primary, $425; J. S. Hirth, 'German, $500. Lewis School — Anna Titus, Principal and Senior Primary, $6.50 ; Ada Ritchie, Senior Secondary, $.500 ; Mrs. L. R. Konopak, Junior Secondary, $50(3; M. Ella Waggoner, Junior Primary, $400. Irving School— Adelia Thompson, Principal, $4.50. Lincoln School— Mattie Mettler, Principal and Secondary, $550 ; Carrie Danzy, Primary, $500. Oliver School — Carrie Adams, Secondary, $500; Augusta Smith, Primary, $500. Allen School— Grace Crumbaugh, Principal, $400. Rogers School — Wm. E. Barker, Principal, $500 ; Jennie Gridley, Assistant, $425. Howland School— G. V. Perrine, Principal, $500. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 619 TEACHERS— 1887-88. Following is a list of Teachers in the Toledo Public Schools, with the years of service, as fiuincl January 1, 1888: H. W. CoMPTON, Superintendent of Schools. Ymrs of HIGH SCHOOL. Scrricr. 4 Harry C. Adams, Principal. I.") Sarah Folger, Assistant. 9 Mabel Cronise, Assistant. IG Carrie Card, Assistant. 14 Ada Ritchie, Assistant. 15 L. Helen Baldwin, Assistant. 1 William McPherson, Assistant. 9 G. F. Lok, Assistant. WEBSTER GR.^MMAR. a Norman E. Hutchinson, Principal. Ls Martha JI. Cronise, Assistant. 19 Emma M. Taylor, Assistant, l.i Jennie Brownlee, Assistant. 14 Sadie Hayes, Assistant. ,s Delia Ellinwood, Assistant. 13 Fannie Peck, Assistant. WORCESTER GRAMMAR. 20 Sarah C. Ensign, Principal. 15 Sarah D. Jermain, Assistant. 4 Mary Dunlap, Assistant. SPECIAL TE.\CIIERS. 5 Marie Petit, French. 1 Nellie Fockens, Drawing. 15 Martin Friedberg, German. ILLINOIS SCHOOL. 15 S. E. Maudeville, Principal. 10 Mattie Telford, Senior Intermediate. :> Louise King, Junior Intermediate. 4 Belle Bangs, Senior Secondary. li Maggie Holly, Junior Secondary. .") Minnie Redding, Junior Primary. 1 Millie Conlisk, Junior Primary. SOUTH .SCHOOL. i:; K. F. Piatt, Principal. 4 Florence Beamer, .lunior Intermediate. 18 Delia W. Howard, Senior Secondary. 3 Josie Miner, Junior Secondary. 8 Emma Miner, Senior Primary. 3 Bridget Cassidy, Junior Primary. 1 Ada Bigelow, Junior Primary. 3 Catherine Seller, German Primary. 1 Mary McGuire, .Junior Primary. 1 Ida Zurtluh, Junior Primary. BROADWAY SCHOOL. 6 Frank L. Maguire, Principal. 15 Ella French, Junior Intermediate. 22 Lucy Wright, Senior Secondary. 3 Delia A. Keleher, Junior Secondary. 10 Anna Murray, Senior Primary. 9 Lizzie Sheahan, .lunior Primary. 1 Kittle Fish, Junior Primary. 11 C. Hillenkamp, German Secondary. 3 Nellie Balfe, Junior Secondary. 4 Hulda Buettner, German Primary. 5 Alice Ingraham, English Primary. I Pauline Thorbrugger, German Primary. ST. CLAIR SCHOOL. 19 F. C. C. Man, Principal and Secondary (Ger.Alt.) 5 Ella Mooney, Secondary (Eng. Alt.) 1 1 Mrs. Thorp, Senior Intermediate. 12 Emina Ingraham, Senior Intermediate. Years of Hervice. 11 L. Dittcnhavcr, Juiuor Intermediate. 7 M. Sharkey, Senior Secondary. Emily Normanton, Junior Secondary. Susie Horniel, Senior Primary. .Vnna Normanton, Junior Primary. Maggie Brcnnan, Junior Primary. Minnie llalhach, Junior Primary. Anna Kruse, German Primary. Alice Cochran, Junior Grammar. 2 T 4 4 1 11 .JEFFERSON SCHOOL. 12 M. E. Anthony, Principal. 8 Theo. Wilcox, Senior Intermediate. 11 Marion \. Hill, Junior Intermediate. 11 Mrs. Welch, Junior Intermediate. 9 Louise Bond, Senior Secondary. 1 Myrtle Whitney, Senior Secondary. 13 Marietta Johnson, Junior Secondary. 8 Hattie Johnson, Senior Primary. 4 Mary Rood, Junior Primary. 9 There.se Schmuck, Junior Primary. 9 Augusta Scraeder, German Primary. 11 Anna Nicholas, Junior Grammar. HOAG SCHOOL. 14 Ella Conlisk, Principal and Intermediate. 4 Hannah Murphy, Secondary. 8 Mary Pickett, Senior Primary. 4 Anna Pickett, Junior Primary (Eng. Alt.) 11 Ottillie Hermann, Junior Primary (Ger. Alt.) STICKNEY SCHOOL. 16 Mary P. Hirth, Principal and Junior Grammar. 10 Sarah Bisby, Senior Intermediate. 3 Fannie Harnit, Junior Intermediate. 3 Sara Beatty, Senior Secondary, 4 Annie Walker, Senior Secondary. 2 Jennie Jones, Junior Secondary. 2 Tillie Ecker, Junior Secondary. 2 Anna Radbone, Senior Primary. 4 Susie Ilaviland, Senior Primary. 12 Jennie Gridley, Junior Primary. 3 Jessie Featherstone, Junior Primary. 1 Anna Wuerfel, German Primary. LAGRANGE SCHOOL. 21 Ellen A. Nicholas, Principal and .lunior Inter- mediate. 2 E. Flanagan, Senior Secondary. 7 Anna Hirth, Junior Secondary. 15 Mrs. S. J. Foley, Senior Primary. 10 Margaret L. Hubbard, Junior Primary. 5 Sadie Featherstone, Junior Primary. 5 Lizzie Schiller, German Secondary. 7 Clara Spielbusch, German Primary. ERIE SCHOOL. 19 Marie A. Hibbard, Principal and Senior Inter- mediate. 17 Cecilia Lillelund, Junior Intermediate. 5 Lottie O'Brien, Senior Secondary. 13 Ella Hayes, Junior Secondary. 5 Jennie U. Hayes, Junior Secondary. 3 Louise Corlett, Senior Primarj-. 10 Ella King, Senior Primary. 8 Hattie Brown, Junior Primary. 1 Dollie Fisher, Juinor Primary. 12 Albert Mayer, Prim, and Sec. (Ger. Alt.) 9 Rosa Lang, German and English Senior Primary. 10 Alice Pugh, Primary and Secondary (Eng. Alt.) WARREN SCHOOL. 18 Alice Bangs, Principal and Senior Secondary. 5 Ella Galvin, Junior Grammar. 7 Linda Ricards, Senior Intermediate. 620 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LDCAS COUNTY. Yean of Service. 4 Emma Sargent, Junior Intermediate. 7 Helen RoUiind, Junior Intermediate. 1 Nettie Marker, Senior Secondary. 3 Belle Austin, Junior Secondary. 9 Lottie Sargent, Junior Secondary. G Anna Morse, Senior Primary. 6 Bessie McGaw, Senior Primary. Rose Galvin, Junior Primary. 7 Fannie McLain, Junior Primary. SHERMAN SCHOOL. 15 L. R. Konopak, Principal. Cora Orwig, Senior Intermediate. 5 Vesta Dowler, Junior Intermediate. 3 Susie Canneff, Senior Secondary. 1 Hattie Dustin, Senior Secondary. 8 Mary Brennan, Junior Secondary. 6 Ada Burchfield, Junior Secondary. 10 Fannie Carrington, Senior Primary. 1 Ola Fleming, Senior Primary. 7 Flora Timpany, Junior Primary. 1 Ella Taylor, Junior Primary. 3 Anna Nitschke, Junior Primary. WASHINGTON SCHOOL. 15 Mary M. Jaquet, Principal and Junior Grammar. 3 Julia Hunter, Senior Intermediate. 10 Mrs. Anna C. Mayer, Junior Intermediate. 3 Delia Sharkey, Intermediate and Secondary. 2 Mary Eldridge, Senior Secondary. 11 Julia Campbell, Junior Secondary. 11 M. A. Hannin, Senior Primary. 9 Ella Geelan, Senior Primary. 8 Alice Campbell, Junior Primary. Clara Dennison, Junior Primary. 3 Kate Tiedtke, German Primary. 3 Laura Whitney, Junior Secondary. EAST TOLEDO SCHOOL. 18 Mattie Mettler, Principal and Junior Interme- diate. 11 Lizzie Humphrey, Junior Grammar. 5 Emma Meyers, Senior Intermediate. 14 Jennie Mettler, Senior Secondary. 11 Maria Farst, Junior Secondary. 12 Emma V. Brown, Senior Primary. 3 Belle Barlow, Senior Primary. 2 Irene Remelsbecker, Junior Primary. 1 Kate Sullivan, Junior Primary. 7 Mary Wiedeman, German Primary. 9 Edna Smith, Junior Secondary. NEBRASKA SCHOOL. 12 Ed. Lemberger, Principal. 7 Anna M. Conliss, Senior Secondary. 4 Mary Wright, Senior Secondarj-. 3 Delia Dallett, Senior Secondary. 11 Clara Gordon, Junior Secondary. 8 Elsie Kreuger, German Secondary. 1 Hattie Morlock, Junior Secondary. 4 Emma Fenneberg, Senior Primary. 7 Mary Klotz, Senior Primary. 2 Grace Stainthorpe, Senior Primary. 5 Olga Heyn, Senior Primary. 6 Lillie Donnolly, Junior Primary. 2 Lena Zurfluh, Junior Primary. 3 Jeannette Williams, Junior Primary. 1 Ella Frey, Junior Primary. 1 Dora Rosenthal, Junior Primary. SOUTHEAST TOLEDO. 7 May Brown, Principal and Intermediate. 10 Olive Brown, Secondary. 8 M. T. Downey, Senior Primary. 1 Nellie Westcott, Junior Primary. Years of NORTH TOLEDO. Seroice. 12 Carrie Adams, Principal and Intermediate. 1 Jennie Vallette, Secondary. 5 Eleanor Flannigan, Primary. MANHATTAN SCHOOL. 7 Helen Diuiick, Principal and Secondary. 1 Grace Skeldon, Primary. IRONVILLE SCHOOL. 11 Norma Wynn, Principal, Intermediate and Sec. 3 Norma Jacobs, Primary. brown's ADDITION SCHOOL. Lillie Warner, Principal and Secondary. 5 Kate Geelan, Primary. PARKLAND. 7 Janet Timpany, Principal and Secondary. 6 Addle Earned, Primary. WALBRIDGE. 6 Louise Hoffman, Primary. JUNCTION. fi Luella Odell, Ungraded. HOWLAND. 5 May Snow, Ungraded. TREMAINESVILLE. 5 Mary Riley, Primary and Secondary. ALUMNI TOLEDO HIGH SCHOOL. CLASS OF 1857. Amos W. Crane, Olive L. Parmelee, William H. H. Smith. CLASS OP 1858. Apphya C. Avery, Charlotte A. Coy, Delia Curtiss, Ella A. Hanks, Emerson E. Hasty, Margaret A. Lillelund, William Corlett, Amos W. Crane, Geo. Duncan Forsyth, Fannie M. Hanks, John L. Johnston, Fannie E. Love, William H. H. Smith. CLASS OP 1859. Apphya C. Avery, Sophia Freeman, Emerson E. Hasty, Sarah Collins, Joseph F. Fulton, Ada F. Orcutt, Laura A. Parmelee. CLASS OF 1860. Marion S. Forsyth, George F. Spencer, Charles J. Swift, Eliza M. Spencer, Elizabeth G. Southard, John A. Waite. CLASS OP 1861. William W. Bolles, Cyrus W. Breed, Myra S. Dorr, John J. Hunker. Henry A. Forsyth, Helen M. Jones, Rachel Tyler. CLASS OF 1862. Carrie Cheney, Mary E. Eldridge, Belle Harnwell, Emery D. Pottei', Ji Charlotte A. Steele, W. Hunt Walbridge Andrew J. Wales Lucy D. Collins, Mary E. Haskell, Ralph Osborn, Emily Springer, Julia E. Steele, Sophia Watson, PUBLIC SCHOOLS. (121 CLASS OF lS6o. Belle Bodley, Alex. H. Ewing, Julia Fitch, Kate A. Hamilton, Andrew H. Hunker, Maggie B. Laughlin, Mary S. Rogers, Evelyn A. Shepard, Mary J. Wilcox, SueC. Wood, Annie Belle Brownlce, Edward H. Fiteh, Spencer L. Eraser, Lottie H. Haskell, Helen A. Ketcliam, Ellen S. Phelps, Jennie Shaw, Eleanor Southard, Eliza M. Whitney, Maria A. Woodruff, E. Yardley. CLASS OF 1864. Almira H. Ballard, Ella Dariing, Gertrude S. Fowle, P'rancis M. Huffman, Frank A. Scott, Harriet E. Shurtz. Louise E. Stephan Harriet G. Chase, CamiUus S. Fahnestock Mary H. Hayes, Elizabeth E. Sawyer, Mary B. Shoemaker, Charles L. Spencer, Burton [L Taylor, Josephine A. Williams. CLASS OP 1865. Emma J. Ballard, Anna Fleet, Ella S. Knight, Carrie E. Piatt, Louise E. Stephan, George F. Colby, Edwin Jackson, Jr. Wesley C. Palmer, Frank A. Scott, Lucy S. Wright. CLASS OF 1866. Hattie S. Baldwin, Libbie G. Dawson, Robert M. Hubbard, Laura JI. Kraus, James L. Montgomery, Belle Roemer, Alice J. Burns, Avery S. Hill, Eliza M. Kent, Nellie Mandeville, Carrie E. Piatt, Frank A. Scott, Alice J. Steele. CLASS OF 1867. Hattie S. Baldwin, Kittie J. Chase, Hattie Curtiss, John F. Fulton, James Laughlin, Myron H. Parmelee, Carrie D. Southard, Irene Brown, Jennie Clift, Susie P. Flagg, Eliza M. Kent, Rynebold Opitz, Hattie L. Peck, Sibvl Williams. CLASS OF 1868. Mary Bond, Alice S. Chamberlin, Ella E. Luce, Mary R. Pomero)', Abbie R. Underwood, Belle W. Young. CLASS OF 1869. Irene Brown, Belle Flint, Addie C. Nessle, Erwin P. Raymond, Charles O. Whitney, Oshea S. Brigham, IMartha Lillelund, Julia Smith. John Fitch, Jr., Grace Osborne, Rebecca Williams. CLASS OF 1870. L. Helen Baldwin, Jennie A. Brownlee, Frank P. Foulkes, Sadie H. Haves, Arthur D. Howell, Ella W. Mclntyre, Paul B. Palmer, Andrew J. Snell, George H. H. Bodette, Carrie Danzey, Ella G. Hall, Florence S. Hooper, Edmund S. Lorenz, Amelia Morton. Byron F. Ritchie, William K. Smith, Ella M. Tourtillotte. CLASS OF 1871. Annie H. Baldwin, Lucy W. Bevier, Abbie F. Crosby, Mary E. Berdan, Carrie M. Card, Emma M. DeWolf, Arthur Q. Draper, Maggie S. Gilchrist, Frankie M. Hoag, Mary M. Jac(iuet, Orpha E. Parmelee, Belle Wylie CLASS OF 1872 Eva Freeman, Ophelia Head, Agnes Hoflman, Emma M. Koch, Ella Whitaker, Herbert Baker, Samuel S. Blanchard, Alden Crane, Harry D. Earl, A. C. Harris, Sallic Mitchell, Fannie Peck, Alice Snyder, Thomas H. W^albridge, Ida M. Berdan, Sarah Case, Ella B. Dorr, Edna Gregory, Florence McCJormick, Mary Morton, Lizzie Peck, Ella Taylor, Tutie Williams, Jennie Balfe, Ida Consaul, Lauren Dunlap, Mary Galvin, Lillie Hayes, Clara Homberger, Mary Jones, Samuel Kohn, Carrie Luce, Aggie McKinnon, Harry Miller, Charles Moore, Frederick G. Reed Fannie Segur, Mary Young. CLASS OF 1873. Emma Boice, Charles Cook, William Eggleston, Martin Gitskey, Jennie Hoffman, Ada M. Jones, Lizzie King, Robinson Locke, Josie McGuire, Lillie Jliller, Lillie Moonev, Dwight A. Pelton, Ada M. Ritchie, Jennie Smith, Sarah Wheeler. Class of 1874. Alice Atkins, Mary Conway, Georgie Dorr, Kittie Fitch, William Geroe, Sarah Hammond, Ellen Jones, Christian, Klag, Lizzie Kneal, Alonzo A. Lott, William V. McMaken, Amanda Ridenour, Carrie Roller, Clara Slevin, Thomas J. Smith, Hattie Sprague, Carrie Walbridge, Charles H. Whitaker, Mattie Nellie Beach, George Detwiler, Rine Fish, Sarah Gardner, Rachel Gitskey, Fannie Hoffman, Arthur Keeler, John Klag, Mary E. Law, Lizzie Maher, Randolph Miner, Mary Rimell, Jennie Schurtz, Mary Smith, Jennie Stern, Minnie Stock, Philip Welker, John Vogel, Wylie. CLASS OP 1875. Arthur Ernest Baker, Caroline B. Bailey, Minnie J. Barker, Charles H. Breed, Jennie L. Bump, Carrie A. Cheney, Nellie Cook, Mary H. Draper, Ida M. Fallis, Rathbun Fuller, Jennie Gridley, Walter E. Ketcham, Anna L. Murray, Flora E. Olds, Millard E. Richards, Arthur J. Secor, Emma J. Tinker, Mary Ella Waggoner, Rufus H. Baker, Lizzie M. Baldwin, Pamela Berdan, Emma V. Brown, Julia M. Card, Frank H. Church, Eva C. Darling, Charles C. Eggleston, Oieorge W. Farley, Katie Gilchri.st, Charles E. Kent, Hattie L. Luce, Jennie Norton, Edward C. Perry. Jes.sie F. Ridenour, Frank H. Tanner, Joshua F. Vogel, William S. Young. 622 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LOCAS COUNTY. CLASS OF 1876. Annie C. Acklin, Louisa Bond, Luella L. Bostwick, Vories P. Blown, John P. Delphe}', Maria Farst, Kittie DeF. Forbes, George S. Harnit, Anna Ketcham, Frank E. Klauser, Minnie A. Lewis, Stella V. Montgomery, Wm. H. Parsons, George E. Rouse, Alice Slevin, Alta Southard, Elja E. Trowbridge, Anna R. Weber, Sylvia N. Woodin, M. Jennie Baldwin, Oakalla Bigelow, Lizzie Brown, Carrie Claflin, Fannie Enright, Alma Fassett, Ella A. Galvin, Kittie W. Jermain, Ella C. King, Kate Lenderson, EffieE. Manor, Ella L. Mooney, Anna Pratt, Henry E. Rouse, Jennie Stewart, Ella May Stewart, Katie B. Warner, Henry W. Wilhelm, Jennie Wylie. CLASS OF 1877. Cora Benson, Emma E. Brown, Cora A. Clark, Harriet M. Corl, Jessie F. Davis, Sarah D. Dearborn, George L. Freeman, Josephine Gitskey, Mary W. Howard, Isabella Rowena Hunt, Hattie C. Johnson, Wilmot A. Ketcham, Katherine F. Kreiger, Mabel Lampman, Mary Maher, Elizabeth E. Marx, Lewis E. Newman, Douglass Norton, Henry G. Pratt. Henry H. Suydam, Henry C. Vordtriede, William F. West, Carrie Caroline Bond, Fannie L. Carrington, Frank E. Cole, Charles N. Cox, William Cranston, Wm. Fitch Dewey, Grace Gardner, Minnie J. Hall, Ellen Starr Howell, Jessie A. Jennison, Harry M. Kelsey, Frank I. King, D. E. Lampman, Lulu B. Lewis, Mary S. W. Maples, Kate Alida Moore, Carrie M. Norton, George A. Reynolds, Leonora E. Smith, Marietta Trowbridge, Charles W. West, Alice P. Woodworth, H. Wright. CLASS OP 1878. Emma Anliker, Fannie L. Baker, Alice A. Berdan, Harriet A. Brown, Alice B. Burnap, Ida A. Card, Josephine Cooke, Jeanette E. Cooper, Ida J. Curtis, Margaret S. Fitzgerald, Mary C. Frankeberger, Ada Hayes, Minnie H. Hone, Herman R. Klauser, Flora A. McLain, Lewis A. Rhodes, Ellen M. Rolland, Frank E. Southard, Halbert B. Warren, Milbourn S. Wright, Alice Anna C. Beach, Allie E. Brown, Mary Etta M. Brown, Minnie B. Brown, Charlotte F. Brigham, James E. Chapin, Jeanette Claflin, Thomas B. Atkinson, Wm. M. Bellman, Maria A. Bond, Cora L. Burbank, Alice B. Campbell, Alida A. Chapin, Cliarles H. Cooke, Mabel Cronise, Eden V. Delpliey, Herman Friedburg, Selig Gitskey, Eugene Head, Ezra E. Kirk, Sarah T. Mabley, Ada R. Phillips, Alice C. Rolland, Julia A. Smith, Lewis E. Storne, Lvra V. Williams, Mary E. Wylie, G. Young. i OF 1879. Addle R. Barr, May A. Brown, Ella J. Brown, Julia S. Berdan, Sarah L. Balfe, Julia E. Crane, Mattie E. Cheney, Ida R. Cheney, Mary W. Dunlap, Ola M. Fleming, Joseph A. Granger, Parks Hone, Edward B. Hitchcock, Idalette Hunter, Anna Kaechele, Virginia Lungren, Ella McAran, Olive C. Pratt, Harriet E. Perry, Mary L. Smith, Josie D. Scribner, Kate M. Schnetzler, Ophelia 0. Wilcox, Jessie L. (Jase, Henry H. Dawson, Laura A. Ford, Archie Gassaway, Gisella Hoffman, Eloise P. Hunt, Emma E. Koehler, Eleanor L. Kline, Isabel C. Love, Anna J. Nitschke, Charles A. Prue, Roxana Robinson, Fannie J. Sellery, Carrie M. Sawyer, Lucy Janet Vogel, Alida W. Wales. CLASS OF 1880. George Atkinson, May Benson, Anna Conliss, Ida Davis, Louisa Fey, Wm. Haviland, Elsie Krueger, Edith Kent, Sadie Luce, Minnie Moellenberg, Luella Odell, George Perry, Minnie Redding, George Ridenour, Clara Spielbusch, James B. Sherwood, Mary West, Alim Wheelock, Hattie Week, Nettie Mary Baker, Albert Barker, V/illiam Cole, Clara Elkington, Belle Granger, Irving B. Hiett, Perry Keen, Mary Long, Louisa McMillan. Grace Nort, Mary Phillips, Edward Parsons, Fred. Rundell, Eva M. Scott, Luella Swain, Julia Tanner, Eva M. Wilson, Perry Waite, Carrie Woods, Whitton. CLASS OP 1881. Julia Babcock, Ada Bigelow, Minnie Blass, Addie Bond, Kate Brainard, Lilian Clark, William Ca.se, Ella Dallet, Minnie Dodge, Hattie Frankeberger, Luella Gilbert, Alice Gunn, Maggie Holly William Keen, Anna Morse, Anna Odell, Lottie Raymond, Prentice Rood, Nora Sherwood, William Warner, John B. Uhl, Nellie Balfe, Stella Black, Gertrude Boake, Lou Bachelder, William Barkdull, Alice Cuddeback. Charles A. Cottrell, Mar}- Denison, Lily Donnelly, Maggie Cassaway, Mary Gross, Kate Hubbard, Fred. Haviland, Gertie Lampman, Anna McCabe, Alice Otis, George Rogers, Annie Scott, Gertie Waehenheimer, Elisha Southard, Ella Young. CLASS OF 1SS2. Jennie Black, Mary Brayne, Lizzie Burnap, Louise Ford, Nellie Lenderson, Mary Rood, Lizzie Schiller, Jessie Wood, Jennie Hayes, Charles Bellman, Herbert Fitch, Eugene Larimore, George Squires, Will Vogel, Fannie Boake, Zula Bright, Sadie Feathcrstone, Anna Koehler, Ella Marx, Jennie Russell, Libba Taylor, Emma Myers, _ Susie Cannefl, Elmer Engelhardt, Charles Koch, Albert Masters, Jay Tillinghast, George Jackson. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 623 CLASS OF 1883. Adclie M. Anderson, Chloe Bedortbii, Anna S. Brailey, Mary R. Calkins, May C. Fraser, Jessie Featlierstone, Nettie G. Gillette, Lizzie Heiming, Fannie Harnit, Giva Keeler, Stephanie Marx, Florence Marsh, Anna Parker, Grace Stainthorpe, Daisy Whitney, M. H. Burgert, Milo Melchers, Judd Richardson, Albert Florence L. Bearaer. Belle Bangs, Alice A. Cooke, Alice P. Dennison, Mary Featherstone, Rebecca Gitskey, Lizzie Gerkins, Minnie F. Holbrook, Susie Haviland, Mary Loftus, Josie McLyman, Annie Normanton, Mary L. Pratt, Nettie Williams, Maria Waite, Robert Evans, Chas. Roulet, Lyman Wachenheimer, S. Waite. CLASS OK 1884. Cora Baird, Nellie Bickel, Florence Bodwell, Louise Corlett, Rachel Dallet, Delia Dallet, Dollie Fisher, Clara Hay, Grace Jones, Susie Love. Daisy Lorenz, Minnie Pheatt, Jessie Purncy, Jessie West, Fred. Brown, Charles Haviland, Ed. Kirk, Sarah Beatty, Lottie Black, Bridget Ca.ssidy, Jennie Cook, Mabel Daniels, liaura Hitchcock, Mabel Hamm, Libbie Keith, Belle Lawton, Josie Miner, Jennie Vallette, Minnie Valentine, Annie Wuerfel, Frank Cooke, Fred. Kirkby, Irwin Millard, George Trost. CLASS OF 1885. Alta Bortree, Carrie Blank, Anna Berdan, May Coon, Etha Daiber, Mary Eldridge, Grace Gilford, Carrie Hahn, Jennie Jones, Frances Lloyd, Grace McJIahon, Emily Normanton, Irene Remelsbecker, Kate Swigart, Frank Baldwin, Henry Eberth, Louis Metzger, Otto Marx, John Raymond, Joseph Uhl, I.,aura Kate Bair, Emih' Bellman, Lillie Bramwell, Eva Caldwell, Tillie Ecker, Nellie Flanagan, Grace Hallaran, Grace Harding, Susie Knight, Angle Lownsbury. Bertha Melvin, Anna Radbone, Dora Rosenthal, Lily Thrift, Frank Chapman. Elliott Hunt, C. McKecknie, Zebbie Pheatt, Will Slevin, George Waite, Whitney. CLASS OF 1886. Gussie Acklin, Sadie Adelsperger, Florence Case, Jessie Cully, Nettie Cunningham, Grace Cary, Laura Cober, Mittie Campbell, Mildred Conlisk, Maude Davis, Hattie Dustin, Mabel Fassett, Kittie Fish, Fannie Merrell, Nettie Marker, Mary McGuire, Laura Raitz, Stella Richardson Kate Sullivan, Lutie Schaal, (jrace Skeldon, Alice Wagner, Myrtle Whitney, Byron Case, Carl Knights, Myron Martin, Grace Gordon, Susie Ilormel, Belle Irvine, Mamie Janes, Hatttie Morlock, Minnie Marker, Carrie Morgan, Tracy Macgregor, Charles Gswald, Charles Pheatt, Will Smith, Elliott Talmadge, Harrv Wachter, Oliver Hiott, Clara [Alillard. CLASS OP 1887. Nellie Bash, Lettie Brewer, Nettie Deither, Clara Dennison, Minnie Hales, Mamie Huston, Emily Packer, Kate Sheahan, Anna Taylor, Jeannette Atkinson, Ford Belford, Frank Bridgman, Charles Fisher, Frank Hull, Howard Kitchen, Guido Marx, Frank Moore, Carl Rogers, Edward Ferris, Winnie Bickel, Amelia Bruksieker, Aggie Dillon, Tina Ecker, Jennie Iluber, Emma Lang, Jessie Piatt, Marion Smith, Alice Waite, Hattie Valentine, Herbert Bissell, Joseph Dallett, Richard D. Hollington, John Hamlyn, Lynde Kirtland, Ernest Meissner, Burdge Richardson, Carl Wuerfel, Frank Tracy. ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. In May, 186(), at a meeting of graduates the High School Alumni Association was organ- ized, with the following oificers : President, W. A. C. Converse ; Vice President, Wm. H. H. Smith ; Secretary, Emery D. Potter, Jr. ; Treas- urer, Wm. Corlett ; Executive Committee, Mary D. Chase, Caroline Eaton and Mary E. Eldridge. The Association's first public meeting was held June 21), 1867, when an address was made by Wm. Baker, Esq., an original poem was read by John L. Johnston, and a chronicle by Emer- son E. Hasty. W. A. C. Converse was then re-elected President ; Libbie Sawyer, Vice President; Geo. F. Colby, Secretary; and Henry G. Neubert, Treasurer ; and Eliza Spencer, W. H. H. Smith and Laura A. Parmelee as Execu- tive Committee. In December, 1867, E. D. Potter, Jr., was elected President, Mary D. Chase Secretary, and Ralph H. Waggoner to .Executive Committee. Subsequently, the fol- lowing named persons were elected to the posi- tions named ■ President, W. H. H. Smith ; E. B. Hasty, Wm. Corlett, B. F. Ritchie, Lib- bie Sawyer, Mary Pomeroy, Mrs. S. Waldron, Vice Presidents; Helen Beach, Secretary; Eliza Spencer, B. F. Ritchie, Myron H. Parme- lee, Executive Committee; H. G. Neubert, Treasurer. Following is a list of members of the Higli School who served their country in the War of the Rebellion, those marked with a star (*) having been graduated from that School, to wit : W. H. H. Smith*, Class of 1857, Co. H, 1st O. V. A. Geo. Duncan Forsyth*, 185S (shot at Libby Prison, April 14, 1864). John L. Johnston*, 18,58, 84th; O. V. I. (died at Louisville, Ky., hospital). (>24 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Wiu. Corlett*, Co. H, 1st O. V. A. Joseph F. Fulton*, 1859 (killed by Mexican ban- ditti in Texas). ^^ , Geo. F. Spencer*, 1860, Co. H, O. V. A. Charles J. Swift*, 1860, 84th O. V. I. John A. Waite*. 1860. Cyrus W. Br«ed, 1861, U. S. Navy. John J. Hunker*, 1861, U. S. Navy. Andrew J. Wales* 1862, 14th O. V. I. Emerv D. Potter*, Jr., 1862, 84th O. V. I. W. Hunt Walbridge*, 1862. Spencer L. Fraser*, 1863, 84th O. V. 1. H. Burton Taylor*, 1864, 84th 0. V. I. George McCracken, killed at Cleveland, Tenn. Wilbur F. Arnold, 18th U. S. I., died at Fort Ring- gold, in Texas, 1867. Robert Bliven. Ed. F. Browne, Navy. Robert L. Chamberlin, Geo. Farley, 14th O. V. I. Charles Hamblin, 14th U. S. Ralph H. Waggoner, Geo. Hazlett, 130th O. V. I. James Brownlee*, 14th O. V. I. George M. Ballard, 67th O. V. I. (killed at Ber- muda, 1864). Mason Cressy, 14th 0. V. I. (killed at Chicka- ruauga). E. Williams, Wm. P. Gardner, 9th O. V. C. Orlin S. Hayes, lllth 0. V. I. Henry Raymond, 84th O. V. I. Romayne R. Rogers, 14th O. V. I. Theo. Sawyer, 27th O. V. I. (killed at Dallas, Ga.) W. Hunt Walbridge, 84th 0. V. I. (died in Chi- cago.) Wm. Murphy, 1st O. V. A. James Harris, Frank Y. Commager, John Dennis, Nicholas B. Eddy, 1st O. V. A. Amos Minor, 2.5th O. V. I. (killed at Bull Run.) Wm. E. Parmelee, Jr., 1st O. V. A. C. H. Raines and Hamilton C. Colton, 84th O. V. I. (latter died at Cumberland, Md.) Clarence Morris, Lst 0. V. A. D. Moonev, Ralph Osborn, 84th O. V. I. Chas. N. Steven.s, 84th and 128th O. V. I. Theo. Ballard, 67th 0. V. I. Cecil A. Hall, 1st 0. V. A. Fred. B. Shoemaker, 130th 0. V. I. A. H. Wood, 14th 0. V. I. Evander Hamilton, 130th O. V. I. Henry G. Neubert, 14th 0. V. I. Frank McCord, 1st O. V, A. R.D. Barker, John G. Averv, 14th O. V. 1. J. Wolcott, 67th 0. V. I. Jacob Pfanner, 84th O. V. I. Chas. Chesebro, 25th New Jersey. Theo. J. Curtis, 67th O. V. I. (died in 1874.) M. H. Parmelee, 130th O. V. I. Walter B. Kirk, 14th O. V. I. (killed at Jonesboro, Ga., 1864.) Name of School Name of Priueipal. St. John's(German Lutheran) Rev. C. Beckel. St. Joseph's (Catholic) Rev. Louis Braire. St. Louis (Catholic) Louisa St. Denis. St. Lucas (German) St. Mark's (German) Rev. Carl Huebner. St. Mary's (German Catholic) St. Patrick's Academy Rev. E. Hannin. St. Paul's Lutheran St. Peter's (German Catholic).. Rev, P. Donneuhoffer. St. Peter's (German Lutheran) Wm. Distel. Select School Miss L. S.-Battelle. The "Best" Short Hand School J. W. Melchior. Toledo Business College M. H. Davis. The Misses Smead's School for Girls__ Misses Marian, Mary E. and Caroline L. Smead. Toledo Industrial School Mrs. N. M. Landis. Trinity School Ursuline Convent In the Autumn of 1884, The Misses Smead's School for Girls was opened in Toledo, under the management of Misses Marian, Mary E. and Caroline L. Smead, previously with the Bryan School, Batavia, New York. The branches taught were English, Mathematics, Latin, French, German, Science, Music, Drawing and Painting. For three years, the School occu- pied buildings in the First Ward of the City. In 1887, what is known as the "Fitch Place," the former residence of Judge John Fitch, on Woodruif, near Ashland Avenue, was taken for its use. In September, 1884, Mr. J. W, Melchior opened in Toletio a School for teaching short- hand writing, which is known as " The ' Best' Short-hand School." The system mainly pur- sued is Pitman & Graham's Standard Pho- nography ; while Cross's Eclectic System is taught, if desired. The chief object sought, is the preparation of pujjils for service in the various departments of business and the pro- fessions. In this, the School has met with success, large numbers of its graduates, of both sexes, now being in positions of usefulness and profit. TOLEDO BOARD OF EDUCATION. The election for members of the Board occurs in April, annually, a portion being chosen each year. The following is a list of members ot the Board of Education for the years named, CHURCH AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS. to wit: Following is a list of Church and Private 1819. Ira L. Clark, President ; Decius Wadsworth, Schools in Toledo in 1887 : Secretary ; Simeon Fitch, Jr Treasurer; John P. Freeman, S. B. Scott, Morgan L. C'olhns. Name of School. Name of Principal. 1850. S. B. Scott, President ; D. Wadsworth, Sec- Froebel Kindergarten Miss M. E. Law. retary; S. Fitch, Jr., Treasurer; J. P. Freeman, M. Good Shepherd Rev. T. P. McCarthy. L.Collins, David Smith. (Mavor Brigham and Dr. Immaculate Conception P. S. Garraghan. Jacob Clark, vice Messrs. Freeman and Wadsworth.) Lutheran Trinity 1851. S. B. Scott, President; Alex. Henderson, Manual Training School Ralph H. Miller. Secretary; S. Fitch, Jr., Treasurer; M. L. Collins, Ohio Business University Edmund J. H. Duncan. Jacob Cfark, C. VV. Hill. Sacred Heart (German) 1852. S. B. Scott, President ; Ezra Bliss, Secretary'; Salem, Lutheran Rev. G. F. Rausch. M. L.Collins, Treasurer; Alex. Henderson, C. W. St. Anthony's (Polish) Rev. Orzechowski. Hill, John Fitch. St. Francis de Sales John Byrne. 1853. Ezra Bliss, President ; S. Fitch, Jr., Secre- St. Hedwig's (Polish) Franciscan Sisters. tary ; S. B. Scott, Treasurer ; Alex. Henderson, C. W. St. John's (Lutheran) C. Prottengeier. Hill, John Fitch. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 625 1887. Members— Thomas Temple, Joab Squire, H. D. Pierce, Chas. Zirwas, Franklin Hubbard, Barton Smith, R3'nehold Opitz, Bernard H. Broer. Presi- dent, Chas. Zirwas. Treasurer. R. Opitz. Superin- tendent, Harvey W. Compton. Clerk, H. W. Corap- ton. Assistant Clerk, Lizzie King. Superintendent of Buildings, Henry Conrad. The Presidents of the Board of Education have been as follows : Ira L. Clark 1849 Samuel B. Scott 1850-52 Ezra Bliss . 18.53-.54 Charles W. Hill 1855-77 David H, Commager 1878-80 Wesley S. Thurstin . 1881 Svmmes H. Bergen 1882 D. H. Commager 1883 Charles Zirwas 1884 and 1887 Franklin Hubbard 1885 John C. Rike 1886 SCHOOL BOOKS. The following catalogue of text books used in 1859, will indicate something of the course of instruction then pursued: Primary Dep.vrtment— Arithmetic, Stoddard's Juvenile; Dictionary, Webster's; Geography, Mon- teith's No. 1 ; C)rthography, Wright's ; Primer, Mc- Guffey's ; Physiology, Miss Beecher's Calisthenic Exercises; Readers, McGJuffey's 1, 2, 3 ; Spellers, Mc- Guffey's; Moral Les.sons, Cowdery's. Second.\ry Dep.^rtment — Arithmetic, Stoddard's Juvenile and Intellectual, and Uavies' New Com- mon School; Dictionary, AVebster's; Geography Monteith's No. ?>, and Fitch's Mapping Plates ; Cirara- raar (Cierman), Ahn's; Orthography, Wright's; Physiology, Miss Beecher's Calisthenic Exercises ; Readers, McCxuffey's 3, 4 ; Speller, McGuffey's. Geamm.vr Department — Arithmetic, Stoddard's Intellectual and Davies' NeW' Common School ; Dic- tionary, Webster's ; Geography, McNally's, and Fitch's Mapping Plates; Grammar (English) Clark's, (German) Ahn's; Orthography, Wright's; Physi- ology, Miss Beecher's Calisthenic Exercises; Read- ers, "McGuffey's 4, 5 ; Speller, McGuffey's. High School Department — Arithmetic, Davies' University; Algebra, Davies' Elementary and Robin- son's University Edition ; Astronomy, Comstock's ; Analysis (English), Ricard & Orcut's Sel. Prose and Poetry; Anabasis (Xenophon's), Crosby's Edition; Arnold's 1st and 2d Latin Book, and Latin and Gireek Prose Composition ; Botany, Wood's ; Book- keeping, Mayhew ; Chemistry, Youmans' ; Cicero's Select Orations, Folsom's Edition ; Dictionary, Web- ster's ; Geometry, Davies' Legendre ; Geology, St. John's ; Geography, Fitch's Physical ; Grammar, Andrews & Stoddard's Latin, Crosby's Greek, Ahn's and Woodbury's German ; Greek Lessons, Crosby's; History — United States, C. A. Goodrich's, Universal, Worcester's; English, Goldsmith's; Natural, Paley's; Philosophy of Natural, Smellie's ; Cfreek Lexicon, Liddell & Scott's ; Latin Lexicon, Andrews' and Leverett's ; Logic, VVhately's ; Philosophy, Parker's Natural, Wayland's Moral, Upham's Mental ; Physiology, Cutter's and Miss Beecher's ; Readers, McGuffey's 5th and 6th, and Andrews & Stoddard's Latin; Rhetoric, Boyd's; Sallust, Andrews'; Sur- veying, Davies' ; Virgil, Cooper's. In his rejjort for 1858, President Hill called attention to the fact, that the High School fur- nished equal privileges to the two sexes ; and in contrast therewith, cited tlie case of New York City, which had a boasted Free Academy for Boys, but no High School for Girls. He also referred to the High School of Philadel- phia, organized in 1838, with no provision of that sort for Girls. Boston's High School, es- tablished in 1821, was solely for the male sex until 1855 ; while Chicago had no such provi- sion for Girls until 1856. On the contrary, at the very outset of Toledo's vSchool system, equality in sex was recognized and provided for — a fact worthy of special record. " The Coronation of the Rose, as (^uecn of Flowers," was presented in High School Hall, Toledo, under the direction of Professor L). S. Grossman, Teacher of Music, Ma}' 9, 18(J2. The programme was about as follows : The chorus, " We are the Flowers," was sung by 40 young ladies, each dressed with reference to the flower she represented. Mrs. C. O. Brigham (now deceased) and Miss Sophie Hill furnished piano music. The Recluse was personated by Prof. Grossman. The solos were as follows ; Rose — Maggie Laughlin ; Lily — Carrie R. Waggoner; Crocus — CoraScott; Dahlia- Maria Woodruff; Heliotrope— Sarah Yardley; Mignon- ette — Nellie Eeith ; Japonica — Mary WUliams ; Sun- flower--Sophie Commager ; Violet — Julia Scott ; Tu- lip — Josephine Williams; Hollyhock— Mary Bluff"; Dandelion — Sarah Koch ; Touch-me-not — Emma Parmelee. Tlie Nightingale was represented by a flute. Up- wards of 30 '• Heather Bells" were on the persons of as man}- little niLsses dressed in white, who " came from the hill side " to aid in the coronation. Miss Martha Eastman, one of the most suc- cessful instructors of the Public Schools, having resigned such position, left Toledo for Califor- uia,''in Maj*, 1862. Subsequently she was mar- ried in that State, where she died. Of 2,000 enrolled pupils of the Toledo Public Schools for year ended September 1, 1857, but six died ; as did the same number during the preceding year. The first female School Examiner for Lucas County, was Miss Henrietta P. Ainger (now Mrs. W. T. Ridenour), who was appointed as such in May, 1870. SCHOOL STAl'ISTICS. The first School Reports for Lucas County were those of 183G, when returns were made for the several Townships. These included Districts Nos. 2 and 3, Port Lawrence, the first then having 54 and the latter 65 scholars. District No. 1 made no report. At the same time other Districts in the County reported as follows : Waynesfiei.d— District No. 1 78 Scholars. " " 2 _ _ 293 " " " .'!.'.I_lll03 " " 4 60 5 41 Total 575 626 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. AVaterville -District No. 1 131 Scholars. 2 54 Total 1«5 " Swan Creek and Wing— District No. 1 - 35 Scholars. Total return for the County 914 " The amounts of moneys collected for School purposes in the County in 1836, were as follows : Port Lawrence Township $365.64 Wavncsfield 212.87 Waterville 33.27 Swan Creek and Wing 8.37 Sylvania 5.53 York 1.00 Total collections $626.68 The following were the returns of children and youth entitled to school privileges within the County of Lucas, in 1840, and in 1850, to wit: 1840. 1850. Port Lawi'ence 330 1,316 Waynesfield 420 817 Waterville 205 40li Sylvania 20S 302 Wing* 41 136 Swan Creek* 151 Springfield 183 355 Providence 64 166 York* 160 Clinton* 153 Gorham* 112 Chesterfield* 116 Rovalton* 125 Amboy* 179 Gorliam* 146 Oregon 75 166 Richfield 96 147 Spencer 128 Washington 280 450 Manhattan 166 204 Total for the Countv 3,190 3,()43 *Set of}" to Fulton County in 1850. The following table shows the number of youth in Toledo entitled to .School privileges ; the number of colored children in the City; the tuimber of the latter in Scliool ; the total enrollment of Schools; average attendance; and number of Teachers employed. 1850 to 1858, inclusive; and also, like statistics for 1887: Vf-ar. 1850. 1861. 185-2 1853 18.54 1855 1856 1857 1858 1S87 CO CQ ^ 1010 1858 1318 1854 2122 2954 3101 .3078 3044 34500 26 '".37 25 49 68 71 s 9 27 30 34 32 32 31 SI 682 735 628 1039 1318 1301 1609 1893 1944 9370 =«5 SB 510 400 '643 914 1113 1078 1024 7167 5 g. Si 8 9 10 12 14 19 20 27 27 189 The total receipts and disbursements for the Public Schools from 1850 to 1858, inclusive, wei'e as follows : BeceipU. Disbursements. 1850 $1,178 63 $347 15 1851 8,595 81 7,607 36 1852 11,92119 10,066 86 1853 11,722 30 10,484 00 1854 36,507 52 31,.-)00 53 1855 28,118 37 34,330 35 1856 .30,506 86 24,648 78 1857 15,494 34 19,589 02 18.58 16,340 36 13,08145 Totals for 9 years $160,385 38 $152,2.5." .50 As will probably be understood, the larger amounts expended during seven years, included payments for buildings. The following is a statement of disburse- ments for support of the Toledo Public Schools for the year ending April 5, 1858: Paid Superintendent and Teachers $10,898 .59 For telegraphing and contingent expen.ses. 31 71 For brooms, mats, cups, .scrapers, pails, &c. For books, stationery and ])rinting For water-cooler for High School For taking enumeration of youth For moving Colored School House For repairing and casing High School clock For keeping same in order 1 year For repairs on Higli School grounds and Unclassified School, For stoves, chairs, pipe and repairs of stoves For posting books and copying For lime for vaults For repairs of furniture For Janitors' salaries and care of houses__ For fuel — coal and wood and preparing same For interest to Ketcham, Berdan & Co. on money borrowed to pay teachers 103 1)8 140 81 8 00 33 20 35 00 25 00 25 00 133 67 135 44 20 00 10 00 32 25 693 / / 792 (;3 88 78 Total disbursements $12,707 53 The estimated expenditure for the following year amounted to $15,207.50. The statement of disbursements for the year ending August 31, 1887, showed a total ex- penditure "of $175,832.13. Of this amount, |i05, 084.94 was for salaries of Teachers, Super- intendent, Clerk, Janitors and Superintendent of buildings; $32,938.29 for imjirovement, fur- niture and repairs'; and $6,017.35 for miscella- neous expenses. In 1858 the City owned eight buildings for School purjjoses, to wit: BniLDING. Size. 33x53 :33x53 60x94 22x50 56x102 25x45 34x64 23x46 Sooms. Matenal. BuiU. Vaive. Superior St. (207). Illinois Street-. _ Lagrange Street . Unclassified High School Yondota Whittlesey Street Colored School.. 6 8 13 3 26 4 8 3 Brick. Wood. Brick. Wood. Brick. Wood. 1850 18.50 1852 1853 1854 1855 1858 1856 $ 6,500 800 14,000 750 50,000 3,400 10,500 1,4.50 Totals "1 $87,400 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 627 At this time (November, 1887), there are 26 School buildings, with 176 rooms, besido 20 rooms in the Manual Training building; making a total of 196 rooms. Following is a list of School buildings in use, with cost of_ same to August 31, 1887: Central . $109,981 58 74,972 64 32,813 72 43,213 11 . 56,024 9(> . 50,623 85 57,330 86 26,880 01 46,294 71 . 10,238 28 . 24,006 16 45,353 25 45,635 48 45,329 72 32,999 84 12,. 337 76 15,042 86 849 42 4,203 38 177 28 4,336 44 896 71 4,929 18 1.063 06 Erie School.. . _ Lagrange Stickiiev Washington Illinois Nebraska Nebraska Annex South. . _- -- .... .... .... East Toledo Broadway _ _. Warren . . . . _ St. Clair. ... . _ Hoag .. _- Southeast Toledo. . Brown's Addition North Toledo Manhattan. ._ .. Parkland ._ Junction. _. _ . Walbridge ... . . Ironville .. *Howland (East Tole do) *Tremainesville — . -- Total cost $756,534 38 tension of the • Became the property of the Board by the ex City limits. REPORT FOB 1887. S s ^1 a; 16 29 52 77 5 1 189 1 g, a; 323 676 1,335 2,593 4,259 184 282 568 1,124 2.052 3,014 117 a 97 96 95 91 89 85 .2 Isi ^^ 40 36 39 39 40 23 1 si 4 209 459 615 1.8T0 3,570 156 i| i« ^1 41 210 371 837 1,3.39 1,862 74 ^1 11 High School* 35 Grammar Schools Intermediate Schools — Secondary Schools Primary Schools 107 172 638 340 22 Totals -. 9,370 7,157 - 6,8?9 4,693 1,214 " Also two Special Teachers in High and Grammar Schools. The ages of pupils in Toledo Public Schools in the j'ear 1887, were as follows : Age. Boys. Girls. Total. T08 476 556 556 540 475 441 4'i3 276 131 lOT 48 14 1 4 1 4,766 709 483 506 518 496 444 439 330 2.5.5 210 128 52 35 8 1 1,417 954 7 " 8 " 1,062 9 " 1,074 1,036 919 10 " 11 " 12 " 880 13 " . , 753 14 " S30 15 " :!41 16 " 17 ■• 235 100 18 " 49 19 " 9 20 " 5 25 " 1 Totals 4,614 9,370 The number of ]iiipils of different ages en- tering Junior Primary grade as beginners, is as follows: 1,207 were 6 years old; 115, 7; 51, 8 ; 12, 9; :5, 10; 1 was 11, and 1 was 12. The youngest pupils in the High School were 13 years old (a boj' and a girl); the youngest in Junior Grraniinar (one boy and four girls), 11 years old; the youngest in the Junior Intei'mediate (a girl), nine years old. The oldest in .lunior Secondary (a girl), 18; tiie oldest in Ungraded School (a girl), 16 years. STATE STATISTICS. A. D. Lord, S. S. Riclcley and H. II. Barney, Committee of the Ohio Teachers' Association, in April, 1849, made a report to Samuel (iallo- way. Secretary of Stati' and Superintendent of Public Schools, in which were set forth the views of that organization on the condition and needs of the State in respect to education. After brief statement of existing conditions and consequent needs, the (lommittee go on to state the nature and advantages of the Union School system; its adaptedness to the wants of different communities; expense of its adoption, etc. In that connection, some figures were given of current expenses of Schools, whicii will be of interest under the changed conditions. The salaries then paid to Female Teachers, in "well-regulated Public Schools," varied from $2 to $7 per week. In Cleveland, the rates were $2 to $5 per week ; in Columbus, Primary Teachers received SI GO per year, and Secondary S200; in Cincinnati, $192 to $336; and in Ma.s- sillon, 1200 to $400. In Senior or Grammar Schools, in Columbus and Cleveland, $4(10; in Cincinnati, 1600. The salaiy of Pi'incipal of High School in Cleveland, and Superintendent in Akron, $500; of Principal of Union School, Perrysburg, and of the Boys' School, Zanes- ville, $600; Supei'intendent Public Schools, Sandusky, $700; of Principal Massillon Union School and Superintendent at Columbus, $800; and of Principal of Central School, Cincinnati, $1,500— the highest in the list. The average price of annual tuition in the Cleveland Scliools, in 1848, was $3.96; in Cin- cinati, $7.00; in Massillon, $6.00; in Public Schools of Philadelphia, for tuition, books and stationery, $6.49. In 20 Eastern Cities, the lowest average was $5.66, and the highest average $14. (iO, the cost in Private Schools being two to three times that in Public Schools. It had been found in Providence, R. I., that all the children of that (^ity could be educated tor $10,000 less, in tuition, than had been ])aid for the education of a portion of them in I'rivate Schools, and in Salem, Mass., for $13,000 less. It was facts such as these, then so strongly urged upon the people and the State Legisla- ture by the Teachers' Association, that mainly ojjerated to the introduction of the Union School system in Ohio soon after the publica- tion of the above mentioned showing. fi2S HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Tlio fdllowiiig statistics of Cities of Ohio having a population in 1880 of 7,500 and over, are taken from the report for that year of the United States Commissioner of Education : s Akron | 16,512 Canton ' 12,258 Cincinnati ; 255,130 Cleveland ; 160,146 Columbus 51,665 Dayton 38,677 Fremont 8,451 Hamilton 12,122 Ironton 8,857 Mansfield j 9,859 Newark 9,602 Portsmouth , 11,321 Sanduskv ' 15,838 Springfield j 20,729 Steubenville 12,003 Titfin._. 7,879 Toledo 50,143 Zanesville 18,113 cc 4,719 3,761 87,618 49,256 14,662 11,660 2,358 4,990 2,720 2,848 3,715 3,734 6,166 5,68£ 4,373 2,944 14.898 5,497 ,3 o o 8 o ^ -PS II 3,055 2,627 34,577 24,262 7,902 5,902 1,017 2,020 1,807 1,905 1,854 2,150 2,649 2,683 2,458 1,315 7,615 3,103 f^ ■S" 540 450 16,435 10,056 1,927 1,701 400 1,000 300 220 280 200 900 800 400 2.000 600 7 53 41 26 13 7 5 5 6 6 7 10 8 6 5 23 18 OB CO 2,927 2,350 36,.381 20,416 7,288 6,149 1,100 2,000 1,600 2,148 1,990 1,970 2,750 2,733 2,032 1,456 6,500 ,S o &H S'S' 56] $105,000 49 152,200 529 2,000,000 368 1,663,035 132, 707,584 346,700 60,000 125,000 39,200 140,500 95,300 180,000 204,000 119,819 125,900 30,000 551,000 175,000 104, 17 23 23 34 36 38 421 44l 33 23! 109 62i t>3 4.5 5 3.2 4.7 5.5 t 5 2.88 5 5 5 7 5.5 4.5 5.5 6 3.5 V3 .1*^: 1^ $2,000 1,.500 3,500 3,300 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,600 1,200 1,620 1,6.50 1,300 2,000 2,000 1,600 1,200 2,000 1,200 $75,528 39,056 707,893 386,638 209,670 151,818 13,889 34,513 21,162 26,346 22,830 31,397 47,627 48,364 29,082 18,365 139,131 49,467 ^1 $15 83 14 05 22 29 19 34 21 63 19 57 20 26 16 90 13 09 15 58 15 00 15 09 18 71 13 65 17 .52 15 31 22 77 Average Expense per Scholar for the Cities named, $17.44. COLOR IN THE TOLEDO SCHOOLS. As already stated, distinction of race, from the first, was made in the privileges of public in.structioii in Ohio, as in most, if not all, other States of the Union. And such distinction was chiefly marked by the severity and injus- tice of its bearing upon the race having the proscribed color. This was the policy of the State, tixed in its laws and made obligatorj^ upon all communities in which instruction should be given under autliority of law. No "local option" or other form of escape from such unjust requirement was allowed in anj- School thus established. Hence, in accepting and acting upon such policy of wrong, Toledo did only what circumstances made inexorable. There is no reason, however, to suppose that the people of this City, in that respect, were either more or less liberal in their sentiment and wishes, than were the average of com- munities in the North. That average was sufficiently severe to sustain the policy then prevalent, and which continued to prevail until reversed by the radical change in Northern sentiment brought about by the rebellion and its wonderful results. Very gradually the popu- lar sentiment in this City, as throughout the Noi-th after the close of the War, began to re- lax, and a more considerate feeling became manifest. But it w-as slow. At one time in the early history of the To- ledo School system, the two races were associ- ated in the Schools. This, however, was but a condition of sufferance. All the time, the law's of the State maintained the right of any parent or guardian of a white scholar, by protest, to drive every colored child from the Schools and into the Streets ; and it w^as not long ere such power was exercised, and the proscribed left without School privileges of any sort. In time, however, the Board of Education established a School for the blacks. It was opened in the old frame building on Erie Street, which in 1835, while used as a School-house, was made more memorable as the first Court-house of the County. It was illy lighted and poorly supplied with facilities, and in strong contrast with the superb provision made for the whites. The location was not central, and many colored children were by distance denied access to the School, even had the accommodations been sufficient for them. Into this one building, were gathered such pupils as were able to gain admission — ranging fi'om the minimum of law- ful age to adults. In 1807, with 200 to 300 colored children of School age in the City, of whom not one in five was in this School, the matter of better provision for that class began to be discussed. It was urged u]ion the Board, bj' both colored parents and many white citizens, that either colored pupils should be admitted to the other Schools, or equality in privilege be accorded them through the estab- lishment of new Schools. The question, from time to time, was discussed, ^iro and con., with increasing advantage to the cause of justice, until the Spring of 1871, when the public sen- timent had assumed sufficient strength for the right to make itself felt in the choice of mem- PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 629 bers of the Board of Education, and a majority favorable to equality in Sciiool jirivilegos, was olitained at tho animal cloction in May, 1871. As the result of sueh expression of iJopularaeii- tinieut, the Board voted to remove tho bars to eijuality in jirivileges, and at the opening of the next School year, in Sejjtember, all children of Toledo, for the first time, were placed upon a par as to rights to education. From the first, the new policy was a success. The long de- barred race at once vindicated their capacity- for instruction; while the almost entire har- mon}' of the two races in association, proved the fallacy of predictiong that such attempt at co-education would in itself be a failure, while it would be the cause of disaster to the School system. So far from this latter view being correct, it was shown that the two classes of children went along with their studies, almost entirely oblivious of race or caste. It was soon found, that, as from the first predicted by the advocates of the policy of equality, that such association neither made the white child blacker nor the black child whiter; but both better, by the recognition of the Fatherhood of God and the Brotherhood of Man, on which their common School relations were based. Another result of the new order of things has been seen in the utter disproof of the theory so actively urged against the policy of justice, that such co-education would lead to greater mixture of races in the family relation. If there has since been any change in that respect, it certainly has not been in the direction pre- dicted. It is found in this case, as in all others, that the recognition of equalit}' in the rights and privileges of citizenship, in no way tends to the practice of miscegenation, so confidently predicted by the opponents of such policy. On the contrarj% the result has fully shown, that while thereby the subjects of former oppression are raised in the scale of manhood, their late oppressors are brought to a more just sense of the true character of citizenship. It is deemed proper in this connection, that the action of the Board of Education, by which the bars to race exclusion in the management of the Toledo Public Schools were finally re- moved, should be recorded here. It was taken June 2(3, 1871, when were present C. W. Hill (President), Alonzo Eogers, Calvin Cone, Val- entine Braun, Edward Malone, E. V. McMaken and D. Y. Howell. Messrs. Eogers and Cone, a majoi'ity of a Select Committee on the subject of education of colored children, made report (Mr. Howell, as a ^minority, dissenting) as fol- lows: We find, upon examinatiou, that the law of the State relatii,,' to colored children, recites as follows : " Directors or other officers of Schools having author- ity in the premises in each City or incorporated Vil- lage, shall be, and the same are hereby authorized and required to establish within tlieir respective jurisdictions, one or more separate Schools for col- ored children, when the whole number by enumera- tion exceeds 20, and wlien such Schools will afTord tliem, as far as prai-tieahle, the advantages and priv- ileges of a Common .School education." We al.so find, that the Intermediate Scliool is the highest grade established in either of the two separate Schools for colored children now under control of this Board; and we are firmly of the opinion, that tlie present Schools for colored children, do not afford such chil- dren, as far as |)racticable, the advantages and priv- ileges of a Connnon School education, as the law clearly contcnijilates they are entitled to ; nor do we think it practicable to establish separate Schools for all the grades of this class of children : therefore, Jiesoli'ed, That hereafter the colored children of tlie City shall be entitled to attend any of the Public Schools (for which they may be qualified), in the Wards in which they may reside. Reiolved, That the words, "and Colored Schools," in Article 'S, Section 1, of the By-Laws, shall be re- pealed; also the whole of Section 1 in Article 11. After the presentation and rejection of an amendment looking to further investigation into the needs of colored children for further School fiicilities, to a modification of the law on the subject, and to a careful regard for the existing public sentiment on the same, the above report was adopted, ou the following vote: Yea.s — Messrs. Braun, Cone, McMaken and Eogers. ISIays — Messrs. Hill, Howell and Malone. The eighth member of the Board (Matthew Shoemaker), then absent, was un- derstood to be favorable to the action taken. In publishing such action by the Board of Education, the Toledo Commercial said : From this time forward, so far as Toledo is oon- cerned, the road to knowledge is not to be, as hereto- fore, hedged about with obstructions and dividing lines, based upon prejudice and pride of race; but will be open to the free and unembarrassed competition of all who see fit to enter. The little one will not here- alter be met at the door of a professedly " Free School," and its right to admission subjected to the result of a scientific test, to decide whether or not the Almighty has placed its immortal soul within a skin of " regulation " color. The great and crushing weight of proscribed caste, will no longer rest upon helpless searchers for knowledge, guilty of no offense against their fellows, save the fact, that they are as Goe was exjiressed, that a sufficient sum to meet expenses might be raised, which was placed at $100 per year— the receipts of the preceding year having been $05, with $60 due from members. It vvas much desired that a course of lectures be provided, for which pur- pose the Court-room of the Court-House could be had. February 26, 1847, the Association discussed the following practical question : " If the char- ter gives the jiower, should the City Council of Toledo take immediate measures to drain Mud Creek, and levy a general tax to meet the ex- penses?" The result of such discussion is not recorded ; but steps ere long were taken to " drain Mud Creek," which now is well built up with residences and business buildings. November 28, 1853, the Association chose the following officers : President, H. L. Hosmer. Vice Preisident, J. M. Ashley. Secretary, E. D. Nye. Treasurer, Dr. S. F. Forbes. Trustees — Anson Smyth, Chas. Pratt, C. E. Perigo, John Sinclair, Samuel A. Raymond, Chas. J. Wood, C. O'Connell. The following officers were chosen October 4, 1858: President, Chas. J. Wood. Vice President, E. Dwight Nye. Corresponding Secretary, John Wal- bridge. Treasurer, Wm. Henry Smith. Trustee.s — John Sinclair, Edwin S. Piatt, John Walbridge, Wm. H. H. Smith, Charles Bauch, John H. Moulton, Jas. H. Boggis. The lecturers before the As.sociation during the winter of 1857-8, were as follows : E. D. Nye, Ed. Bissell. Jr., Eev. E. F. Piatt, W. A. C. Converse, Chas. Kent, Dr. A. F. Bissell, John Eaton, Jr., James J. French, and C. J. Wood, all residents of Toledo. In October, 18G2, the following officers were elected : President, Moses T. Brown. Vice President, Chas. Pratt. Secretary, Alfred W. Gleason. Treasurer, PUBLIC SCHOOLf!. 635 John L. Johnston. Trustoes— Oliver S. Bond, A. W. Gleason, J. K. HamiUon, Rifhard Waite, .1. L. John- ston, T. P. Brown, J. N.Eltuig. The annual election held October 3, 1864, was marked by proceedings quite unexpected and unusual. The A8.sociation, after varied experiences, had then reached considerable vitality and promise, having for some time sus tained a reading-room supplied with news- papers and magazines, and an annual course of lect\ires. There vrere at that time about 150 members. As usual in such cases, two tickets had been put in nomination, with the view, through a little good-natured personal rivalry thus provided tor, of eliciting greater interest. The election proceeded as usual from 8 till 9 o'clock P. M., the two tickets running about even. The polls were to close at 10. Soon after 9 large numbers of voters began to appear, being chieHy persons never before seen there or known as members. As these arrivals con- tinued, it was discovered that they came from the McClellan Club Room, adjoining the Read- ing Room, and that they were conducted to the polls by leading Democrats, through whose agency large numbers of persons had suddenly become members, for the evident purpose of controlling the election of officers, and through them the Association. The ruse was a success, so far as the choice of ofScers was concerned. The following were chosen; President, D. B. Smith. Vice President, John N. Drummond. Secretary, Newton Marsh. Treasurer, Chas. H. Eddy. Trustees— W. W. Jones, J. B. Car- son, P. H. Birckhead, Nathan Reeve. H. P. Piatt, Asa Backus, and Kobert A. Wason. Some of these gentlemen were Republicans. The reason assigned by the managers of the movement for their action was, that the As80ci:ition had been managed too much in the interest of the Republican party, while the Democrats had been denied their proper recog- nition in either the literature provided or the lecturers employed. The rejjly made to this was, that while 11 only of the 163 members had been Democrats, and 152 Republicans, four of the daily papers taken were Demo- cratic, and seven Republican ; and that engage- ments had been sought with five Democratic lecturers for the ensuing winter. The fact that this case occurred during a Presidential campaign, may in great measure explain the matter. On the 27th of October, the members and friends of the old Board of Directors, met and organized anew, under the name of " Toledo Library Association," with the following offi- cers : President, Chas. A. King. Vice President, Rich- ard Waite. Secretary. Wm. H. Fish. Treasurer, Chas. H. Eddy. Directors — John Sinclair, John H. Doyle, L. F. Hubbard, James H. Maples, R. A. Wason, Clias. B. Roff, and F. B. Dodge. This action was taken largely with the under- standing that the Board chosen on the 3d of October were willing to turn over the property and afi'airs of the old organization to the new, which was done. The new Association at once entered upon successful opei-ation, its means fi-om member- ships and donations being judiciously employed in the provision of current and [)ermanent reading matter. In 1867 it issued a catalogue of books, being the first of the kind in Toledo. The Association then had about 4,600 volumes, and some 500 members, of whom 33 were life members. About 15,000 volumes were drawn during the preceding year. The Reading Room was supplied with 19 Daily, one Semi- Weekly and 18 Weekly papers ; 12 Monthly and five (Quarterly Magazines. The officers of the Association for 1867-68, were as follows : President, John Sinclair. Vice President, Robert A. Wason. Secretary, Chas F. Adams. Treasurer, Elijah H. Norton. Trustees — C. A. King, John Sinclair, Neh. Waterman, R. A. Wason, Edwin Jack- son, W. A. C. Converse, Calvin Barker, E. H. Norton, W. H.H. Smith, Stephen H. Camp, Henry Hall, C. F. Adams, Albert E. Macomber. Librarians — Samuel C. Stiles and George F. Colby. The general officers of the Association had been : President— 1864-67, C. A. King. Vice President— Richard Waite, 1864-65 ; Henry Bennett, 1866. Secretary— 1864, Wm. H. Fish; 1865, W. H. H. Smith ; 1866, C. F. Adams. Treasurer— 1864-65, C. H. Eddy ; 1866, Isaac W. Holman. The Association was continued with more or less of success, but with general popular favor, until the transfer of its property to the Public Library, in 1873, when the organization ceased to exist. The City was much indebted to the enterprise and liberality of its managers and supporters for material public benefits during its existence. The Toledo Young Men's Literary and Debating Society was organized in 1858, and composed chiefly of graduates and members of the Toledo Public Schools. The first anniver- sary of the Society was held April 24, 1859, consisting of a supper, at the close of which toasts were presented and were responded to by W. H. H. Smith, Theo. Sawyer, Wm. Corlett, B. A. Durbin, and Robert S. Chamber- lain. In November, 1859, a public exhibition was given, with the following programme; Salutatorv— Theo. Sawyer. Oration— T. H. Elli- son, Jr. Declam.ition— Chas. J. Swift. Oration — James W. Clark. Dialogue. Oration — Wm. Corlett. Declamation— Ralph H. Waggoner. Oration— Wilbur F. Arnold. Poem— John L.Johnston. The fourth anniversary of the Society was held at the Oliver House, April 23, 1862, the (i3(i HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. programme including a supper, after which roi!uhir toasts M'ere responded to as follows : ■' Our Society "—Ralph H. Waggoner. " American Literature "—A. Leonardson. " Our Army and Niivy "—James W. Clark. " The Ladies "— E. Ham- ilton. Volunteer toasts were responded to by J. Kent Hamilton, Moses T. Brown and John H. Doyle. TOLEDO PUBLIC LIBRARY. The establishment and successful manage- ment of the Public Library have been largely due to the active interest therein taken by Wm. H. Scott, the President of the Board of Trus- tees. Upon his return to Toledo in 1865, he became connected with the Toledo Library Association, and sought by personal attention and material contribution, to place the same upon a proper basis. It soon was made evident, that the requisite means for such purpose could not be secured ; when Mr. Scott became satis- fied that nothing less than a Free Library, under the auspices of the City and supported by taxation, would meet the demands of the case. After jirotracted effort, he secured the approval of the plan by the Trustees of the Library Association, when he prepared for such purpose a bill, which was jjassed by the Legislature. Whereupon, the City Council, " deeming it essential to establish a Library and Heading Room," passed a resolution providing therefor and authorizing the levy of a tax for such pur- pose. A Board of Trustees was appointed, consisting of nine members, which was organ- ized June 24, 1873. By the organic law, the Board of Education was directed to " transfer to the custody and control of the Trustees of the Library whatever library or libraries may be in their possession or control, except such books of reference, maps, or charts, as the Board of Education niaj' think proper to re- tain for use in School buildings, and thereafter no tax shall be levied by such Board of Educa- tion for a Library fund." The Library Associ- ation, by vote of its members, had instructed its Directors to transfer all its property — the Public Library assuming all liabilities. After paying all debts of the Association, there was left to the crdit of the Library fund $333.86. The number of volumes received from the Library Association, was 4,878, a number of maps and engravings, two lots on Forrer Street, and 8105 in' cash. Col. D. F. DeWolf, Super- intendent of Schools, with Wm. H. Scott, Chair- man of the Public Library Committee, selected from the School Library 1,320 volumes, to be retained for the use of the Public Schools. The new Library was opened to the public Novembers, 1873, at Northeast corner of Sum- mit and Madison Streets, with 6,198 volumes. From the first, popular appreciation of tlie movement was manifested, 4,457 volumes hav- ing been drawn during the first month; which favor has followed the estaldishment to the present time. The chief embarrassment now experienced, arises from the lack of adequate accommodations for the large and growing supply of books, which in 1887 numbered nearly 25,000. The proportion of volumes issued to the number in the Library, furnishes the best test of the favor with which such institutions are held. In 1887, with 25,000 volumes, the circu- lation was 113,458 volumes; or over four times the number on hand. The latter number was an increase of 10,750 over 1886. The largest monthly issue for 1887, was 11,639, in March, and the smallest monthly issue, in Julj^ 7,579. The largest weekly issue, March 7th to 13th, 2,664 ; and the smallest, June 27th to July 4th, 1,638. The largest daily issue was February 12th, 704; and the smallest, July 27th, 225. The daily average for the year was 371. The daily average for 1886 was 335. The comparative record of Toledo and other Cities with Free Libraries, is found to be as follows for 1886 : Vols, in Home CUks. Library. CircuUU'n. Brooklyn, N.Y 93,659 112,152 Brookline, Mass 31,6,32 47,921 Chicago 129,121 62(1,825 Cincinnati 168,444 210,966 Dayton 22,941 90,097 Detroit 59,653 147,616 Indianapolis 39,-590 169,369 Kansas City 1.5,000 28,192 Lawrence, Mass 25,-541 104,152 Milwaukee 35,906 76,375 Newton, Mass 25,084 90,230 Providence, R. I 34,758 82,179 St. Louis 61,.578 111,8.35 St. Paul 12,995 .5.5,649 Taunton, Mass 2.5,7.57 63,607 Toledo 22,777 102,788 Toledo (1887) 25,000 113,4.58 As seen, the average circulation of the 15 other Cities named, is 240 per cent, of volumes in Library, while that of Toledo for same year was 408 per cent., and for 1887, 452 per cent. It is proper hei'e to state that Toledo was the first City of Ohio to provide a Free Libraiy for its citizens, independent of the Public Schools, as it was one of the first in the West ern States. CHAPTER II. P0BLIO PKE88. IN no Other manner has American appreci- ation of the Press, as an aujency for the promotion of mental, moral and material pros- perity-, been more clearly shown, than in tlie prominent position given the same in nearly every advance of population and development in the great West. Close with the School- house and the Church, and always co-operating therewith, the Newspaper has gone, as soon, and often before, the conditions gave reasonable assurance of meagre support. Its eflPectiveness has been recognized bj^ the adventurous in vestor of capital in local enterprises, no less than by those seeking moral and intellectual benefits from its presence. These co-operating influences, stimulating the characteristic enter- prise of Printers, did much toward the early Ijresence of the Press throughout the pioneer setllemen ts of the West. The result very often was, that such ventures proved altogether pre- mature, and for lack of adequate support, entailed severe toil, protracted struggle and ultimate failure. The story of this department of pioneer experience, if fully written, would be one to place the Printers and Publishers prominent in the list of sufferers of the "early time." As already suggested, the value of the Press as an agency, led to its employment by the projectors of Cities and Towns, the "pe. culiar advantages " of whose localities could not be made known without such medium ; and often a press and type went forward vvith the first shipment of goods to the chosen site. In this respect, the Maumee Valley was by no means an exception, since in some cases we find the Press here even in advance of the School-house and the Church. The first newsjiaper issued within the present limits of Ohio, was The Centinel of the North- west Territory, at Cincinnati, in 1703. The Cincinnati Gazette claims lineal descent from the Centinel. The second was the Scioto Ga- zette, at Chillicothe, in 1800, bj' Nathaniel Willis, grandfather of N. P. Willis. It is still published, with its original name. The third paper published in Oiiio was the Ohio Gazette and Virginia Herald, started at Marietta about December 1, 1801, with Wyllis Silliman as Publisher, and Elijah Backus (grandfather of Abner L. Backus, of Toledo) as Editor. A copy of the first number, with others, is now in the library of the Antiquarian Society at Worcester, Mass. The establishment was sold out by the Sherifi' in 1808, and the paper suspended. The last Publisher of the paper (Samuel Fairlamb) died in the Mus- kingum County Infirmary, at an old age, about 1861. The paper was revived, and after many changes, came to have its present name, the Marietta Register. The press first used, had a wooden frame, with a stone bed, and evidently was of the Ramage patent, elsewhere referred to in this volume. It was burned in a fire in 1859, notliingof it now remaining save the bed, which is used for the top of a table. Pull files of this paper since 1813, are now in the College Library, at Marietta. The first newspaper published in the lower Maumee Valley, was the Miami of the Lake, which was started at Perrysburg, December 11, 1833, by J. W. Scott and Henry Darling. In June, 1834, J. Austin Scott bought the estab- lishment, and associated with himself as Pub- lishers, J. H. McBride and Henry Reed, Jr. In February, 1835, Mr. Scott disposed of his interest to Mr. McBride. Subsequently, under different names, it was publislied by H. L. Hosmer, H. T. Smith, Wm. P. Reznor and others. In May, 1834, James Irvine Browne came to Toledo, from Easton, Penn. He was then about 28 years of age, a gentleman of education and refinement, and withal, quite a poet. He came under an arrangement with Edward Bis- sell and others, for the purpose of starting and conducting a newspaper, and it was expected that the printing press and materials would soon follow. Delays were caused in different ways. In the first place, there was no building which could be occupied for such purpose, and it was necessary to await the construction of the buildingwiiich was to become Toledo's first printing office. It was located on the South side of Lagrange Street, about half-way be- tween Summit and Water, on the second floor of a two-story frame building, and over a grocery and provision store kept by Daniel Washburn. Then a contest arose between " Upper " and " Lower Towns," for the location of the new paper. Finally, about the 1st of August, the materials arrived, a compromise between the "Towns" was effected, and ope rations commenced. Mr. Browne set up his own type, and worked his own press, having neither "Jour." nor "Devil" to assist him. About the 15th of August, 1834, appeared the first number of the Toledo Herald, the first newspaper issued within the present limits of [637] {i38 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Lucas County. It was a very creditable sheet, in both contents and appearance. But three or four numbers were issued, when Mr. Browne was taken sick, necessarily suspending the paper. Soon thereafter the paper was revived, under the name of the Toledo Gazette, and ^ath the same management. Its early issues were some- what irregular, over seven months or 32 weeks having elapsed during the publication of 21 numbers. Like the Herald, it was started by Mr. Browne, who was the publisher in March, 1835.* When he withdrew, is not known. In May, 1836, Sam. Allen gave notice that he was the owner of the office, and had purchased all interest in the paper from its second number, and in the advertising from March 15, 1836. July 2, 1836, Curtis A. Bana resigned as Pub- lisher. The materials of the Gazette office were subsequently purchased by the late Adoljjhus Kramer, for use in establishing a newspaper at Hartford (then in Sandusky, now in Ottawa County). The financial collapse of 1837 pre- vented such use of them, and in the year fol- lowing (1838) they were .sold to a joint stock Company of Democrats at Lower Sandusky (Fremont), and were used in printing the San- dusky County Democrat, some of them probably yet remaining in the office of the Fremont Messenger. The next paper established at Toledo and in the County, was the Blade, which was started early in 1830. The earliest copies now to be found, are in the files preserved by Abel W. Fairbanks, who, in connection with L. L. Wil- lard, became a publisher in May, 1837. Mr. Fairbanks has placed the people of Toledo under special obligation to him, by donating to their Public Library complete files of that paper during his connection with it, about 13 years. Mr. Willard continued with the Blade but a few months, when Mr. Fairbanks became sole Publisher. During the political campaign of 1840, Andrew Palmer, formerly a Democrat, but an active supporter of Harrison for Presi- dent, edited the paper, continuing as such until December of that year. In April, 1841, S. S. Blanchard became a partner in the publication of the paj)er, continuing as such to July, 1842, at which time Edward A. Graves appeared as sole Publisher, with Daniel McBain as Editor — Mr. Fairbanks then taking the Job Printing and Bindery departments of the business. Mr. *Mr. Browne was the Publisher of this paper, as of the few issues of the Herald, only in the sense that his name appeared as such, because he was in charge of the office. He probably had no pecuniary invest- ment in the business. The proprietors were leading property owners of Toledo, who employed such agency for promoting their interests. Verv promi- nent in that connection, was Andrew Palmer, him- self a practical Printer, and a former Publisher in the State of New York, who turned his experience to account, as more stated in the biographical sketch of that gentleman elsewhere in this volume. McBain became a co-Publisher in January, 1843, and remained such until July, following, when he and Mr. Graves gave place to Mr. Fairbanks, as Publisher, who was alone until March, 1844, at which time Jessup W. Scott became the Editor, and continued as such until July, 1847, having, meantime, been associated as Publisher, from March, 1845. May 16, 1846, marked a point of progress of special importance in the paper's history. At that time appeared the first issue of the Tri- Weekly Blade. For ten years the Weekly edition had struggled for bare existence, against the obstacles and embarrassments common to like enterprises in young Towns, a portion of the time called to divide with vigorous com- petitors the limited support possible for the local press. July 19, 1847, H. L. Hosmer be- came a partner as Publisher and the Editor, remaining until March, 1849. Then Mr. Fair- banks resumed as Publisher, with Dr. Graham, as Editor ; which ari-angement closed in October following. April 17, 1848, a second important advance was made, in the issue of the first number of the Daily Blade, the size of the sheet being 20x26 inches. In January, 1850, Stephen T. and H. L. Hosmer took the establishment, with the latter as Editor, Mr. Fairbanks then leaving Toledo to become a partner of Josiah A. Harris, in the publication of the Cleveland Herald. January 29, 1852, S. T. Hosmer withdrew, and Peter E. Latimer and Samuel Andrews, with H. L. Hosmer, formed the firm of Latimer, Andrews & Co., Mr. Hosmer acting as Editor. In Januarj^, 1853, Hosmer, Andrews & Co. became the Publishers, Mr. Hosmer still being the Editor, with G. G. Lyon as his associate. This arrangement was closed in May following (1853) by the .sale of the establishment to Joseph E. Williams, who both published and edited the paper for most of the time until September, 1856. At that time Clark Waggoner, of Toledo, and G. T. Stewart, of Norwalk, for $6,000, bought the establishment, including the news- paper, the job printing office and the book bindery. Samuel G. Arnold, for some time previous in charge of the editorial department, remained in that capacity until the Spring of 1858, and was succeeded for a few months by Wm. C. Earl, when Mr. Waggoner took charge of the paper as Editor, and continued as such until his witiidrawal from the establishment in August, 1865. In January', 1857, Alonzo D. Pelton became a partner in the business, and in September, 1865, became sole proprietor, with David R. Locke, as Editor. In 1867, Mr. Locke and John Paul Jones became partners in the firm of A. D. Pelton & Co. In 1868, Dr. A. P. Miller taking the intei-est of Mr. Pelton, the firm of Miller, Locke & Co. took the paper, who were succeeded by Locke & Jones, Mr. Locke continuing as Editor. In 1874 Mr. Jones be- came sole proprietor, with E. A. Higgins as PUBLIC PRESS. (;3!) Editor; and was succeedod in 187(5, by Dr. Miller and T. P. Brown, Dr. Miller beintr the Editor. In August of that year, the Toledo Blade Company was organized, with A. P. Miller as President and Editor ; T. P. Brown as Vice President; and Frank T. Lane, as Secretai'v and Treasurer. During the same year Mr. Locke became the President and A. W. Gleason the Vice President of the Company. This corporation published the three editions of the Blade, and also Locke's Month!}- and the American Farm Journal (two monthly publi- cations previously started), until March, 1877, when Alex. Eeed and Heman D. Walbridge (as the Toledo Newsjiaper Company) became the Publishers of the Daily and Tri-AVeekly editions, and continued as such until 1878, the Weekly edition and the Monthly issues still being published by the Blade Companj-, which resumed control of the Daily and Tri-Weekly in 1878, and since that date has continued to publish all editions of the Blade, the monthly publications, meantime, havingbeen suspended. Mr. Lane has acted as Business Manager since the organization of the Blade Company in 1870, and Mr. Locke as Editor since 1878. The present officers are, D. E. Locke, President; A. W. Gleason, Vice President ; and F. T. Lane, Secretary and Treasurer. Beside those already named, Eev. Robert McCune, now of Ironton, Ohio; Abram P. Miller, now of Minnesota; W. H. Busby, now of Chicago ; John H. McEl- roy, now of Washington, D. C; and S. S. Knabenshue and Eobinson Locke, of Toledo, have acted as Managing Editor of the Blade. In addition to those regular!}' employed as writers, a large number of persons -especially in the first years of the paper, when its limited resoui'ces forbade much expenditure for edito- rial service — have rendered valuable gratuitous assistance in that department. Among the earliest of these were Geo. B. Way, Pierre M. L'viiig (a nephew of Washington Irving), Richard Mott, John R. Osborn, C. W. Hill, Andrew Palmer, Ealph P. Biickland (now of Fremont), Hiram Walbridge, M. H. Tilden and Judge E. D. Potter. In some cases the paper was supplied weekly hy several of these, and sometimes a single writer would do all. Considering the embarrassments attending such service, the columns of the paper bear testi- mony to the ability and success of the volun- teers. As already stated, the Blade was issued weekly only, from 183(i to May 11, 184C, when a Tri-Weekly edition appeared; and April 17, 1848, the Daily Blade. Some idea of the circu- lation of the papei- about those days may be had, when it is stated that in 185(1 the local or Town subscriptions to the Daily edition num- bered 109; to the Tri-Weekly, 24; and to the Weekly, 67 ; making a total of 200 in Toledo for the three. It may be further remarked, that the Daily circulation was chiefly at home. A few were sent down the Canals to persons interested in the Toledo market, l)ut not many. The Blade office has had nine different loca- tions, beginning with April, 1837, as follows; 1. In a brick building, 201 Summit Street. 2. The next door Kast, No. 203. 3. Summit Street, near Lagrange. 4. In Richard Mott's Block, a little below Cherry, on Summit Street. 5. A frame building, 204 Summit Street, now the site of B. Meilink's Furniture Store. Subsequently the Toledo High School was organized and held there until its removal to the present Central School build- ing. 6. In the Poag. Block, Southeast corner of Sum- rait and Madison Streets (up stairs). 7. In the Blade building adjoining (150 Summit), erected for the purpose in 1.S,5l'. S. In the second Blade building, 1.52x154 St. Clair Street, now wholly ogcupied by the Blade Printing and Paper Company. 9. In the third and present Blade building. South- east corner of Jefferson and Superior Streets. The fourth newspaper in Toledo was the Toledo Register, which appeared September 14, 1841, Charles I. Scott being Editor and Publisher. It was Democratic in politics, and was the first paper in the County supporting that party, the (jazette having been neutral as to National politics, and the Blade a Whig paper. The Editor of the Register explained the appearance of his paper in this way: "The necessity for the establishment of a newspaiJor in this District advocating Democratic prin- ciples, has long been felt ; but the success of the present undertaking depends upon the sup- port of those who feel friendly to the great political party it will endeavor to support." At that time, the rupture at Washington be tween President Tyler and the Whigs, was ' taking definite shape, and the Register was in a measure in sympathy with the former in the contest. Mr. Scott continued to conduct the paper until 1843, when he sold it to Garret D. Palmer, who soon changed its name to Toledo Herald, and continued its publication until May, 1844, when it was susj^ended and was not revived. The Proprietor stated that the sus- pension of the paper was "on account of the general apathy of the Democrats of the District in supporting their newspaper press in such manner as was both their duty and interest to do. The present numlier, then," he conliniicd, "will bo the last, until an entirely diflFercnt state of feeling exists among the Democracv of the County and this District." In another article calling attention to the Job Printing office connected with the Herald establislimcTil, the proprietor stated (hat jol) work would be done "cheaper than the same could be done by any newspaper establishment West of New York." This fact was explained b}' saying that it was "customary for ])ublisliers to make their job work pay for a large portion of the heavy expenses of publishing a news])a])ei-, and as he no longer had such encumbrance on his t)40 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. hands, ho would bo able to do work at 40 per cent, below the usual prices." Fifth of the Toledo newspapers was the Gazette No. two, which appeared first in June, 1844, and was published by E. M. Morrison, formerly of the Manhattan Telegraph. The paper did not last long. In March, 1849, appeared the Toledo Com- mercial Republican, Daily and Weekly, of which Miller & Co. were Publishers, and Chas. R. Miller, Editor. It was what then was known as " Free Democratic," or Democratic with " Free Soil " proclivities. Under such manage- ment it was continued until 1851, when James Myers and Josiah Eiley became the Publishers, with Mr. Eiley as Editor. This arrangement continued for two or three years, when Silas W. Wilder succeeded Judge Mj^ers as co Pub- lisher. In June, 1854, Mr. Eiley became sole Proprietor, and remained such until November following, when Wilshire Eiley became bis partner. This firm continued until September, 1855, and was then succeeded by Riley, Boyd & Co., James A. Boyd, a practical Printer, being a member of the firm, which published the iiaper until 1858, when it was susjjended. In February, 1862, under the nameof the Tole- do Commercial, it was revived by J. A. Boyd and C. H. Coy, of the firm of Boyd & Co., Mr. Eiley continuing as Editor. This arrange- ment continued until January, 1864, when the Commercial Printing Company was organized, with the following officers : Directors — Peter Lenk, James C. Hall, S. A. Eaymond, John W. fliett and W. H. Jones; President — S. A. Eaymond; Secretary and Business Manager — J. W. Hiett. This arrangement continued for something over a year, at which time the paper passed into the hands of I. E. Sherwood, J. W. Bailey and Joseph E. Marx, with Stephen J. Meany as Editor. Sam. Andi-ews, G. T. Stewart and P. T. Bartlett became partners in the paper. In September, 1866, Clark Waggoner and Ealph H. Waggoner, constituting the firm of Clark Waggoner & Son, purchased the establish- ment, and continued the business until April, 1871, the former acting as Editor and the latter as Business Manager. The Toledo Commercial Company was then organized, with Clark Waggoner as President and Editor, and E. K. Waggoner as Secretary and Treasurer. By this Company the business was continued until it was succeeded by the Toledo Newspaper Company, March 1,1877, the Messrs. Waggoner withdrawing in January, 1876. The latter association continued the business until sue ceeded by S. D. Eich, November 18, 1878, who remained about one year, when A. W. Search, of Coshocton, Ohio, took the paper for a few weeks, when the paper returned to the Com- mercial Company, in whose interest it waspub- lished until November, 1880. At that time, J. B. Battelle & Co. took it and changed its name to Toledo Telegram, and published it until March, 1883, at which time it was pur- chased by James M. Comly, Andrew W. Fran- cesco and Alfred E. Lee, from Columbus. In July following, Captain Lee withdrew, and the business was continued by his associates until the withdrawal of Mr. Francisco in 1885. Gen. Comly and A. D. Pelton, as Comly & Co., then took the paper and conducted it until the death of the former in 1887, he having been the Editor since March, 1883, the name Commercial, meantime, having been resumed. Since his death a son (Guj- S. Comly) has had charge of the paper, Mr. Pelton acting as Business Manager. January 1, 1873, the Toledo Printing and Publishing Company was organized, with the following officers : President, Colonel J. C. Prankenberger; Secretary and Treasurer, S. G. McCullough. Inl876, H.S. Chapin became the President, and continued as such until 1883, when John Paul Jones succeeded to the position, and acted as such for one year. The name of the corporation, meantime, was changed to " The Toledo Bee Company." For over three years, its business consisted in Job and Book Printing exclusively. In April, 1876, H. S. Chapin started the Toledo Evening Bee, and soon thereafter that paper was transferred to the corporation, which has published it since that time, and continued the Job and Book Printing business. H. S. Chapin was the Editor of the Bee from April, 1876, to December, 1883, when ho was succeeded by J. P. Jones, who continued as such to January, 1885, at which time F. J. Oblinger became Editor, acting as such until succeeded by E. W. Harris, in Sep- tember, 1885. In October, 1886, Elmer White became the Editor, and continues as such. A. D. Pelton was the Business Manager, from April, 1876, to January, 1880 ; E. A. Brinker. hoff from Januarj-, 1880, to January, 1881 ; F. P. Chapin from January, 1881, to January, 1882; S. G. McCullough from January, 1882, to October, 1886, when he was succeeded by Mr. Chapin, the present incumbent. From its commencement until October, 1886, the Bee, politically, held a ijosition of independence. Since the date named, it has been a Democratic paper. Its editions have been Daily and Weekly, which have steadily increased in size. For a time it was printed on a single-cylinder Hoe firess ; which was succeeded by a four- cylinder press. It now uses a Webb Perfecting press, of the most improved styla In 1868, P. H. Bateson commenced the pub- lication of the Toledo Journal, a weekly paj)er, which was continued by him until John J. Manor becameassociated with him in 1870, the firm becoming Bateson & Manor. For a time the paper was issued three times a week. In 1871 H. S. Chapin acquired an interest in the business, and the Journal became a Sunday paper. In 1873 Mr. Bateson retired, Mr. Chapin continuing the paper alone until May, 1874. PUBLIC PRESS. 641 Mrs. Sarah E. L. Williams bot'amo aasociatod in the business, and assumed charge of the Wo- man's Eights department, which had existed since 1870. In November, 1875, tlie establish- ment passed into the hands of Isaac B. Sher- wood and George S. Cantield. The Woman's Eights department was then suspended, and the Journal, in politics, became independent Eepublican. Subsequently it was a Gi'eenback or National paper. In 1883 Mr. Canfield with- drew. 1. E. Sherwood continued as sole pro- prietor, Mrs. K. B. Sherwood assisting in the editorial management of the paper, until 188G, when C. C. Packard and E. J. Tippett, the present Publishers, took the paper. The Manhattan Advertiser was started in July, 1836, by Benjamin F. Smead. It was suspended in the Sj)ring of 1840, and revived in July, Mr. Smead o,und Lawtou— All such men of heart and pith. As give the CSty tone. Babcock. Marsh and Hanks and Ludlow, Watkins, loo, and Bissell, Are men you only need but know, To prize them liigh and well ! Others we have, of equal praise. Whom I would class with these ; But should I their names emblaze. And fancy them to please? I name these, not to praise them here By my simple ditty ; But that strangers far might hear Who are in our City. *Pastor of First Congregational Church. fPastor of the Methodist Church. ^Rector of Trinity Church. These then coustituted the Clergj- of the City. PRESS OF OHIO. Following is a list of Newspapers published in Ohio in the Spring of 1819 :* Cleveland— Cleveland Register ; A. Logan, Pub- lisher. Warren— Western Reserve Chronicle ; Hapgood & Sprague. New Lisbon, Columbiana Co. — Ohio Patriot; Wm. D. Lepper. Canton, Stark Co. — Ohio Repository ; John Sax- ton. (Establiished by him in ISl.'i.) Wooster— Ohio Spectator; Samuel Baldwin, Jr. Mt. Vernon — Ohio Register; John P. MeArdle, Publisher of the Norwalk Reporter in 18l'8-29. Cadiz, Harrison County — Ohio Luminary ; John Harris. Steuben ville— Western Herald; James Wilson. Mt. Pleasant, Jefferson County — Philanthropist; Elisha Bates. St.Clairsville. BelmontCounty— Belmont Journal ; A. Ariu.strong. Marietta— American Friend ; Royal Prentiss. Zanesville — Muskingum Messenger; E. T. Cox (father of S. S. Cox, now member of Congress from New York), and Zanesville Express ; Horace Reed. Delaware -Delaware Gazette ; Drake & Hughes. Colundnis — Columbus Gazette ; P. H. Olmstead ; and Ohio Monitor ; David Smith. Lancaster— Ohio Eagle (English and German) ; John Herman. Circleville— Olive Branch ; Olds & Thrall. Gallipolis — Gallia Gazette ; Josliua Cushing. Chillicothe— Scioto Gazette ; John Bailhache and Charles Scott. Supporter ; George Nashee. Hillsborough— Hillsborough Gazette; Moses Ca- rothers. West Union, Adams County — Political Censor ; James Findlay. Williamsburg, Clermont County — Clermont Sen- tinel; C. D. JIcManahan. Cincinnati— Liberty Hall; (Gazette) Morgan, Lodge & Co. Western Spy ; Mason & Palmer. Inijuisitor; Powers & Hopkins. Hamilton, Butler County — Miami Herald ; W. & J. Cameron. LebMnon, Warren County — Western Star ; Abram Van Vleet. Xenia, Green County— Reading Room ; John Kendall. Dayton— Ohio Watchman ; Robert J. Skinner. Springfield — The Farmer ; Geogbegan et Rogers. Urbana — Urbana Gazette ; Allen M. Potf. Following is believed to be a correct list of Newspapers published in Ohio in the j-ear 1835, to wit: *James Kilbourne's State Gazetteer. PUBLIC PRESS. 643 Columbus— Ohio State Journal ; John Bailhache, editor. Ohio Monitor ; David Smith. Western Hem- isphere ; Gilbert & Bryan. Sentinel ; John H. Wood. Cincinnati— Gazette; (daily and weekly) Charles Hammond. Republiean ; (daily and weekly) Allen & Disney. Commercial Daily Advertiser; K. S. Thomas. Advertiser and I'luenix ; Moses Dawson. Chronicle; E. Deraing. Mirror; Wm. D. (ialUinher and Thos. H. Shreve. Western Magazine ; Jas. Hall. Piqua— Gazette ; J. B.Gregory. Troy -Times; J. T. Tullis. Perrysburg- Miami ot the Lake ; Scott & Darling. Dayton— Journal ; Van Cleve & Comly. Whig; S. Dutton. Herald ; John Bigger. Lancaster— Ohio Eagle; John and C. H. Brough. Gazette ; P. Van Trump. Bellefr>ntaine— Gazette ; H. B. Strother. Urbana— Country Collustrator ; A. T. Hays. Springfield— Pioneer ; J. M. Gallagher & Co. Xenia — Free Press ; J. H. Purdy. Zanesville— Gazette ; Adam Peters. Mansfield- Ohio Spectator ; Reitzel A Leyman. Whig; John and Charles Borland. Sandusky- Clarion ; David Campbell. Norwalk- Reflector ; S. & C. A. Preston. Milan— Milan Times; M. H. Tilden & Co. (Myron H. Tilden, subseciuently of Toledo, and now[l.sS7] of Cincinnati, and George M. Swan.) Elyria— Ohio Atlas; A. A. Bhss. Republican; Samuel L. Hatch. Cleveland^Herald ; B. Andrews. Advertiser; W. Woodward. Whig ; L. L. Rice. Toledo— Gazette ; J. Irvine Brown, Manager. Ravenna— Ohio Star ; L. Dewey. Painesville— Telegraph ; E. D. Howe. Warren— News Letter ; T. J. McLain. Canton— Repository ; John and Joshua Saxton. Democrat; Wm. Dunbar. Vaterland's Freund ; (Ger- man) Peter Kaufman. Sidney — Herald ; Thomas Smith. A convention of the representatives of the Ohio Press was held at Toledo September 20 and 21, 1877. The following persons were present : B. J. Loomis, Cincinnati Commercial. Joshua Saston, Urbana Gazette. O. T. Locke, Tiflin Tribune. John M. Myers, Tiflin Advertiser. James K. Newcomer, Marion Mirror. A. W. Fairbanks, Cleveland Herald. Lewis Glessner, Findlay Courier. G. Hammer, Bellevue Gazette. F. Fieser, Columbus Westbote. Hugo Prior, Staats Zeitung, Canton. Frank G. Thompson, Delaware Gazette. H. F. Baker, Local News, Bellevue. George A. Dark, Genoa Register. R. B. Curtiss, Elmore Tribune. P. S. Peters, Columbus Gazette. A. F. Perry, Ashtabula Gazette. J. E. Wilcox, South Toledo Advertiser. I. F. Mack, Sandusky Register. J. P. Irvine, Zauesville Signal. Miss Lillie Darst, Circleville Herald. L. D. Myers, Columbus Dispatch. Lecky Harper, Mt. Vernon Banner. C. G. Lord, Columbus Sunday News. D. B. Ainger, Bryan Press. Petro Cuneo, Upper Sandusky Republican. Frank Browning, Wilmington Republican. L. G. Curtiss, Cincinnati Times. W. S. Homaker, Bloomville Banner. Will. E. Osborn, Antwerp Gazette. J. H. McElroy, Toledo Blade. Mrs. F. D. Jermain, Toledo Commercial. J. B. Steedman, Toledo Democrat. Besides these wore others not reported, and the following from distant points : Joseph Medill, Chicago Tribune. A. Banning Norton, Dallas (Texas) Intelligencer. J. L. Brezee, Adrian (Mich.) Times. Charles Reed, St. Louis Globe-Democrat. Henrv Reed, Washington, D. C. George A. Clark, Providence, R. I. The following officers were elected ; Presi- dent, I. F. Mack, of Sandusky; Vice J'residcnt, L. Fieser, Columbus; Secretary, Mrs. F. D. Jermain, Toledo; Asst. Secretary, J. K. New- comer, Marion ; Treasurer, J. P. Irvine, Zaues- ville. LIST OF OHIO PAPERS— 1887. ADAMS COUNTY. Manchester— Signal. West Union— New Era, Peo- ple's Defender, Scion. Winchester--Sentinel. 5. ALLEN COUNTY. Bluft'ton— News. Lima — Democratic Times," Republican.'' Allen County Democrat, Der Courier, Ga- zette. Spencerville— Journal. t 7. ASHLAND COUNTY. Ashland— Brethren Evangel- ist, Press, Sun, Times. Hayesville— Journal. Loudonville— Advocate. 6. ASHTABULA COUNTY. Andover— Citizen. Ashtabula— Kveuing Record," Yhdyswattain Sanomat, Democratic Standard, Tele- graph, News, Joutohetket.t Perneen Ystawa.f Conneaut-llerald, Reporter. Geneva — Free Press. Times, Teacher and Student. t Harbor— HuUwill Polka. Poh- jauiahti, Wahvoja.t Jefferson--Ashtabula Sentinel , Gazette. Kingsville- Tribiine. Kock Creek- Banner. SO. ATHENS COUNTY. Athens— Herald, Journal, Mes- senger. Nel.sonville — News, Valley Register. Trimble— Doings. 6. AUGLAIZE COUNTY. New Bremen— Stern des West- lichen Ohio, Sun. St. Mary's— Argus, Dollar Sen- tinel. Wapakoneta — Auglaize Co. Democrat, Auglaize Repub- lican. 6. BELMONT COUNTY. Barnesville — Enterprise, Re- publican. Bellalrc — Tribune,* Inde- pendent.* Herald. FhishiuK- Advertiser. Martins Ferry— Valley Times, Church Herald. t St. ClairsviUe— Chronicle, Ga- zette. 10. BROWN COUNTY. Georgetown— Democrat, News, Ripley— Bee and Times. 4. BUTLEK COUNTY. College Corner— Investigator. Hamilton— Democrat,* Her- ald,* News and Telegraph,* National Zeitung, Journal,t Youth's Golden Hours.t Middletown— Journal, News, Signal. O.xford— Citizen, News, Mi- ami Journal. t Westchester - Miami Valley Star. 14. CARROLL COUNTY. Carroll- Chronicle, Free Press, Rep\iblican. Leesville — Connotton Valley Times. 4. CHAHPATGN COUNTY. Mechanicsburg— News. North I^wisburg-Tri-Couuty Free Press. St. Paris— Era, Despatch, tjrbana— Citizen," Democrat, Sun, Visitor.t 8. CLARKE COUNTY. New Carlis'e-Sun, Farm and Fireside Friend. t South Charleston— Sentinel. Springfield — Champion City Tunes." Gazette,* Republic,* Lutheran Evangelist, New Era, Springtielder Journal, Sunday News, Transcript, Farm and Fireside.t Farm Economist,t Ladies' Home Companion. t Beacon. t Ohio Baptist Beacon, t Witten- berger.t !'?• CLERMONT COUNTY. Batavia — Advance, Courier, Sun. Felicity- Times Loveland-Enterprise. New Richmond -Independent, News. Williamsburgh— Clermont Graphic. 8. CLINTON COUNTY. Blanchester— Star. New Vienna— Record, Messen- ger of Peace. Sabina— News. Wilmington - Democrat, Re- publican, Journal, Collegi- an.t 8. COLUMBIANA COUNTY. Columbiana— Globe, Indepen- dent Register. East Liverpool— Review," Cri- sis, Gazette, Tribune. East Palestine- Reveille, Val- lev Echo. Leetonia— Democrat. New Lisbon— Buckeye State, Journal, Ohio Patriot. New Waterford— Gleaner.t Salem— Buckeye Vidette, Era, Eepublicau. Salineville— Advance. Wellsville— Evening Journal," Union. 19. COSHOCTON COUNTY. Coshocton — Age, Democrat, Standard, Wochenblat. 4. (544 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LVCAS COUNTY. CRAWFORD COUNTY. Bucyrus— Critic* Courier, Fo- rum, News, Journal, Syca- more News. Crestline-Advocate, Vidette. (.alioo-Enquirer, San-Review. New Washington— Herald. 11. CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Berea— .\dvertiser, Grit, Mu- sical Iliirji.t lirooklynVillngc— Cuvahogan. Chagrin Falls -Exponent. Cleveland— .\nzeiger,* Appeal ■ ram Vwl^a \'„fl... _1 Swanton--Enterprise. Wauseon— Democratic Expos- itor, Tribune, Maumee Val- ley Prohibitionist, Northern Republican, lo. GALLIA COUNTY. Cheshire— Central Free Will Baptist, t Gallipolis— Bulletin, Tribune, Journal. 4, GEAUGA COUNTY. Burton— Geauga Leader. Leader," Plain Dealer,* Press," \T7 vr ■'"'■<;'ftci. ■ .n[.rut;Hi,-- ivcaoer,^ flam Dealer ♦ Pr(»«<: ^■■ Waechteram Erie', Vofnost (tri-weeklv), Dennice NOTovlk,i fand V<',lk^f'n^,''n',i '■t'^"}^:; P°i^"--^-^. Cl'evelander Pom. neve- gi» ^^'s&^ a^ii^'A^fSB HANCOCK COUNTY. Findlay— Jeffersonian,* Cour idatt ■ ^^'"'='^6°- MeComb— Herald Mount Blanchard-Tribune.6. HARDIN COUNTY. Ada— Record, Holiness Con- r>^,1^i^\'"'-JI'''X'^'^''-y Herald. Dunkirk- standard. Forest— Review. Kenton — Democratic News Das WochenbIatt,Democrat Republican. Mt. Victory -Observer n Strongsville ly.t M -Musical Month- DARKE COUNTY. Anson ia— Mirror. Arcanum— Tribune. Gettysburg— School Visitor. Greenville— Democratic Advo- cate, Democrat, Die Post Journal, Sunday Courier. ' Versailles— Policy. 9. DEFIANCE COUNTY. °«^ince-Express, Democrat, Herald, Saturday Call. H ic k s v i 1 1 e - Independent, News. 6. • DELAWARE COUNTY. Ashley— Times, Weekly Delaware - Gazette," " Demo- cratic Herald, College Trans- SK. ,^"'i','S "nd Business MtiSnT'^''"™""''^ "<""•= Sunbury— Monitor. 8. ERIE COUNTY MUr-A'^dter^r.'^- '*•'■'-'"■ ''"°,'?\;'*'vy-Jo>irnal and Lo- SiVette.'*'^ "•* ^'^'"°"'''' FAIRFIELD COUNTY. Baltimore- Fairfield Couuly Messenger. ""ufy ^ F^irfiTr ';'^*'"« (semi-w), Ohio F*^ t'o. l^epublican School Journal Lithopolis-Home News. Rushville— Item. 7. PAYETTE COUNTY. ^'^^'"gburgh -Midland ■' nlL'r'l" '""*' - Chronicle, Ohio Citizen. ^^Sl'"?f?°°^ Court House- Herald';', Fayette Republi- can, UhioState Register 7. Canal Winchester-Tim'es "''''"' ''"'''''''' '^^^^^l^lS^'^-0^ Jor-»'-^' Times,* Catho- can. Law Bulletin Little Crusader i",?,*/"^"*'!' ^'^'^ •■^™''"- Sentiuel, Ohio Wai\enfr^,mH p ' ''""'*-'';au Standard, State Sunday Herald s1 'ndnv New.. I*'"!,'' '"'.? ^"'^"^ Keporter, HARRISON COUNTY Bowerston— Gazette Cadiz -- Flambeau, Republi- can, Sentinel. Freeport- Press. Scio--Herald, Eclectic Journal of Education. 7. HENRY COUNTY. Deshler— Flag Holgate— Times. Liberty Center-Liberty Press. Ncipo eon - Northwest, Demo- krat. Signal. 6. HIGHLAND COUNTY. Greenfield— Enterprise. Hillsboro-Gazette.News-Her- Leesburgh-Buckeye. 4. HOCKING COUNTY. Logan-Sentinel, Democrat, Gazette. .3. HOLMES COUNTY. Millersburgh-Fanuer.Repub- HURON COUNTY. Bellevue -Gazette.LoealNews (.hicago- Star, Times. Greenwieh— Enterpri'se Monroeville- Spectator New London— Record Norwalk-Reflector,*Bulletin, Adler, Chronicle, Experi- ment and News. Journal, farm and Fair Journal Ma k e m a n - Independent Press. 15. FULTON COUNTY. Arehbold— Herald Delta--Atlas, Avalanche. I* ayette— Record, Normal Ad- vocate (qr.). Chardon-Democratie Record, Republican. Middlefield -Messenger. 4. GREENE COUNTY'. Bellbrook-Mooii, Cedarville-Herald. Jamestown— Tribune. Osborn— Local. ^Di'VC'azette," Torchlight," Blade, Democratic News Home Weekly, Republican, Boss Painters' Journal.f 11. GUERNSEY COUNTY. Cambridge— Times, Herald, Jettersonian, People's Press Ohio Teacher. " ' Cumberland— News. Kimboltou— Key- Vote. QuakerCity— Independent. 8. HAMILTON COUNTY'. .lACKSON COUNTY. Jackson- Herald, Journal Standard. Wcllston— Argus. 4. .lEFFERSON COUNTY. Mingo Junction— Mingo News. Hichmond— Radiator. Smithfield— Times. Steubenville— Gazette," Her- ald,' Germania, Ohio Press. Toronto— Tribune. 8. CummiDsville- Transcript Harrison — News. Lockland— M ianii ValleyNews Mount VVashinglon - Public School Journal. t 95. KNO.X COUNTY. Centerburg— Gazette. Fredericktown- Free Press. Mt.Vernon-Republican, Trib- une. Banner, Democrat, Poulterer. 7. LAKE COUNTY. Madison— Index. Paineeville- Advertiser, Dem- ocrat Northern Ohio Jour- nal, Telegraph. Willoughby-Independent. 6. LAWRENCE COUNTY. Ironton - Der WaeclUer am Ohio, Register, Republican, Saturday Ironfonian. Proctorville— Gazette." Rockwood— Crescent. 8. LICKING COUNTY. G ran v i 1 1 e-Times, Denison i-ollegian. .lohnstown-ln.Iepcndent. Newark— Advocate," Ameri- can," Banner, Express Pataskala— Standard. Utica— Herald. 9. LOGAN COUNTY. Belle Centre-Bulletin, News- Gazette. Bellefontaine - Republican, Examiner, Index De Graft— Buckcve Quincy— Journal'. West Liberty- Banner. 8. LORAIN COUNTY. El5;ria— Republican, Constitu- tion, Telephone." Lorain- Times. Nortli Amherst— Courier Oberlin — Exponent, News Review Highways and Hedges,! Bibliotheca Sacra. Wellington— Enterprise. 11. LUCAS COUNTY. Maumee— New Era. Toledo— (See page 641.) 24. MADISON COUNTY'. London — Enterprise, Demo- crat, Times. Vigilant. Mt. Sterling-Tribune. Plain City— Dealer. South Solon -Echo. 7. -MAHONING COUNTY. Canfield-Mahoning Dispatch. Petersburg— Press. Y o u n g s t o w 11 — Telegram « Christian Citizen, Is.■ MARION COUNTY. Caledonia— Argus. La Rue — News. Marion - Star," Independent, Mirror. Prospect— Monitor. G. MEDINA COUNTY". Medina — Democrat, Gazette, News, Gleanings, Bee Cul- ture.f Seville— Times. Wadsworth — Banner, Enter- prise. 7. MEIGS COUNTY. Middleport — Herald, Repub- lican. Pomeroy— Telegraph. 3. MERCER COUNTY. Celina— Bote, Observer, Stan- dard. Shane's Crossing- Free Press. 4. .MIA.MI COUNTY. Bradford— Independent-Senti- nel. Covington — Gazette, Vindi- cator.! Piqua-Call,* Der Correspon- dent, Journal, Miami Hel- met, Miami Leader. Tippecanoe City -Herald. Troy — Trojan," Chronicle, Democrat, Union. West Milton— Buckeye. 14. MONROE COUNTY. Clarington— Independent Woodsfield— Gazette, Journal bpirit of Democracy. 4. ' PUBLIC PRESS. 646 MONTGOMERY COrNTT." Daytou — Democrat,'-' Empire and Democrat, Die Daytoiier Volkszeituiit;,<'Ileml.l,' Jour- nal,'' Cliristinn Consci-vator, Christian Worlil,Dov Frm-i-li- liclie Botschaftcr, IlernM of Gospel Liberty, Ucconl, Ue- ligious Telescope. VVachu-r Workman. Golden Words.t Leaves of I.ighl.t Farmer!*' Home.t Nutzlicher Kre\ind,t Ohio Poultry Journal.t Onr Bible Teaeher,-h Syndicate.t Instructor (qr). Germantown— Press. Kinsey— Farm and Dairyt. Miami.sburg— Bulletin, News. 24., MORGAN COUNTY. McConnellsville — Democrat, Herald. 2. MORROW COUNTY. Cardinston— Imlependcnt. Mt. Gikad — Sentinel, Regis- ter, Poultry Magnett. 4. MUSKINGUM COUNTY. Dresden— Doings. New Coneord— Enterprise. Zanesville— Courier," Signal,'-' Times-Recorder," Advocate, Poultry Adviser, Post, Sun- day News, Ohio Farmers' Journal, Shepherds' Jour- nal and Rural Era.t VI. NOBLE COUNTY. Caldwell— Journal, Democrat, Republican, Press. 4. OTTAWA COUNTY. Elmore-Tribune. Lakeside— News. Oak Harbor— Exponent.Press, Gospel Light. t Port Clinton — News, Lake Shore Bulletin. 7. PAULDING COUNTY. Antwerp— Argus. Paulding — Gazette, Demo- crat. 3. PEKRY' COUNTY. Corning — Times, Sepher's Home Journal. t New Lexington- Herald, Trib- une. Shawnee— Banner. Somerset— Press. Thoruville— News. 6. PICKAWAY COUNTY. Ashville— Enterprise. Circleville— Herald*, Demo- crat and Watchman, Union- Herald. Williamsport -Rip Saw. 5. PIKK COUNTY. Piketon— Tribune. Waverly— Republican, Watch- man. 3. POPTAGE COUNTY. Garrettsville— Journal, Satur- day Item. Hirani— Bugle Echo. Kent— News, Saturday Bulle- tin. Ravenna— Republican,* Dem- ocratic Press. Windham— Herald. 8. PREBLE COUNTY. Camden— Gazette. Eaton— Democrat, Register. New Paris— Mirror. West Alexander— Twin Val- ley Times. 5. PUTNAM COUNTY. Columbus Grove— Vidette. Leipsie— Free Press. Ottawa— Gazette, Sentinel. 4. RICHLAND COUNTY. Bellville— Star. Mansfield — Democrat,* Her- ald*, News," Shield and Ban- ner, Buckeye Farmer. t Plymouth — Advertiser. Shelby— Free Press, Time.s. Shiloh— Gleaner, Review. 10. ROSS COUNTY. Adelphi--Border News. Chilicothe— News," Register, Advertiser, Leader, (iazette, fnsere Zeit. Frankfort— Sun. 1. SANDUSKY COUNTY. Clyde— Earnest Worker, En- terprise, Review. Fremont -Journal, News,t Messenger, Courier, Scien- tific. 8 SCIOTO COUNTY. Portsmouth— Blade, Corres- pondent, Leader, Times, Tribune, Camp-Fire,t Dis- trict Reeorder.t 7. SENECA COUNTY. Attica— Journal, Medical Cora- pound. t BettsviUe— F-ntcrprise. Bloomville— Seneca Co. Rec- ord. Fostoria— Democrat, Observer Review. Green Springs— Times, Mu- tual Underwriter. Tiffin — Herald,! Die Tiffin Presse, News, Advertiser, Tribune, Heidelberg Jour- nal .t 15. SUELBY COUNTY. Port Jetl'erson— People's Advo- cate. Sidney— Democrat, Journal. 3. STARK COUNTY. Alliance — Review, Leader, Standard Canal F'ulton— Signal. Canton— Democrat,* Reposi- tory,* Taglicbes Journal,* Der Ohio Volks-Zeitung. Louisville— Herald. Massillon — American, Inde- pendent. Miuerva— News. Navarre— Independent. Way ucsburg— Enterprise. Wilmot— Review. 14. SUMMIT COUNTY. Akron— Beacon," City Times, Der Germania, Freie Press, Sunday Gazette. Journal of Carp Culture, t Ohio Educa- tional Monthly and National Teacher,t People's Jlonth- ly,t Delta Gama Ancho ra (qr.). Ctiyahoga Falls— Reporter and Farmer. 10. TRUMBtTLL COUNTY. Cortland— Gazette. Hubbard— Enterprise. Newton Falls— Echo. Niles — Independent. Warren— Chronicle,'-' Tribune, Democrat, Horticulturist and Farm Journal. 8. TUSCARAWAS COUNTY. Bolivar— News Journal. Canal Dover- Iron Valley Re- porter,. Tuscarawas Demo- crat, Workman. Dennison— Paragraph. Mineral Point— Mineral Poin- ter. New Comerstown— Index. New Philadelphia — Der Deutsche Beobachter, Ohio Democrat, Times, Advocate. Shanesville — News.f Uhrichsville— Chronicle. 13. UNION COUNTY. Magnetic Springs— Magnetic Reporter. Marysville— Times, Tribune, Union Co. Journal, Union Co. Wochenblatt. Milford Center— Milford Echo. Richwood— Gazette. 7 VAN WERT COUNTY. Van Wert— Bulletin, Gazette, Republican, Times. 4. VINTON COUNTY. Hamden Juuction — Enter- prise. . McArthur— Democrat-Enqui- rer, Record. New Plymouth— Graphic. 4. WARBEN COUNTY. Franklin— ('hronicle. Lebanon — Star," Gazette, Pa- triot. Waynesfleld— Gazette.News.O. WASHINGTON COUNTY. Beverly- l>ispatcli. Marietta— Register (semi-w.), Dollar News, Leader, Times, Zeitung, College Olio.t New Matamorius-Paragraph. 8. WAYNE COUNTY. Crcston— Journal. Daltou — Gazette. I 'oylestown — lournal. Fredericksburgh— Sun. Orrvillc— Crescent. Shreve -News. West Salem— Independent. Wooster — Jaeksoniau, Jour- nal, Republican, University Voice, Democrat, Herald, Collegian,! Royal Arcanum, Journal. t 18. WILLIAMS COUNTY. Bryan — Democrat, Press, l*ro- hibitionist. I'Algerion— Observer. Montpclier— Democrat. Knter- prisc. Pioneer— Tri-State .\lliance. Strv ker — Advance West Unity— Chief. 8. WOOD COUNTY. Bowling (ireen —Democrat, Gazette, .Seutinel. Grand Rajiids— Thompson's Triumph. North IJaltiinore— Beacon. Peralterville — Reporter. Perrysburg— Journal. Weston— Herald. 8. WYANDOT COUNTY. Carey— Wyandot ('o. Tribune. Nevada — Enterprise. Upper Sandusky- Union, Chief, Her Germania, Itepublican. Wharton— Leader. 7. The following table shows tlie advaiieo of the pres.'3 in Ohio since 1819 : 1KI9. 1835. 1887. Total No. of papers published 33 41 787 No. of daily papers none. 2 111 The two daily papers in 1835, were the Cin- cinnati Gazette, edited by Charles Hammond ; and the Cincinnati Jiepublican, published by Allen c*t Disney. Tliose of 1887, were distrib- uted among the Counties as follows ; Allen, 2; A.shtabula, 1; Belmont, 2; Butler, 3; Champaign, 1 ; Clarke, 3 ; Columbiana, 2 ; Craw- ford, 1 ; Cuyahoga, G ; Delaware, 1 ; Erie, 2 ; Fayette, 1 ; Franklin, 3 ; Greene, 2 ; Hamilton, 12 ; Hancock, 1; Huron,!; Jefferson, 2; Licking, 2; Lorain, 1; Lucas, -i ; Mahoning, 1 ; iMarion, 1 ; Miami, 2 ; Mont- gomery, 4; MuskingLiiu, 3; Pickaway, 1; Portage, 1; Ri('hland, 3 ; Ross, 1 ; Seneca, 1 ; Stark, 3 ; Summit, 1 ; Trumbull, 1 ; Warren, 1. PRINTING MACHINERY. The first Toledo newspapers were started but a few years after the improved iron haiul- presses of the Smith and Washington patents had begun to supplant their ancient predeces- sors, the Eamage, the Stanberry and the Stan- hope. As late as 1830, there were more of the latter than of the former class in this country. The one used for the Lower Sandusky (Fremont) Whig, started in May, 1839, by the writer of this, was a Kamage press, substantially the same as that now in the National Mu.seum at Washington, which has been made famous above its Lower Sandusky fellow, only by the fact that Benjamin Franklin, when a "Jour. Printer," iu Loudon, worked on the former, and did not on the latter. The Lower Sandusky, machine, however, was not without a history. It had been long in use, when, during the War of 1812-15, the Albany (New York) Argus was printed on it. In 1818 it was taken from Al- bany to Courtland County, New York, by David Campbell ; and thence, by him, in 1822, to Sandusky, Ohio, where it was used in the office of the Sandusky Clarion until 1835, when it gave place to an iron press. In 1837 it was taken G46 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS CODNTY. to Lower Sandusky, for printing the Times, a paper then started at tliat place ; and two years later was used in the office of tlie Whig, as already stated, having been finally laid aside in 1841. The Norwalk "Reflector, started in 1830, was for several years printed on a Stanberry press (a successor of the Kamage), and in 1S8C was yet in use at Milan, Ohio. Both tliese machines were mainly ofwood, andeach printed but one-half a full form or a single page of a paper at an impression or "pull;" hence, the process of printing involved not only great labor, but special care and skill. When the history of the Toledo Press began, that great improvement, the " Composition EoUer " (of molasses and glue), had but fairly displaced " Ink Balls," whose use dates well back toward that of movable types in ])riuting. These rollers were essentially " home-made," as the frequent monopoly of the domestic fire- place and the cooking stove for their manufac- ture, 80 well qualified housekeepers to testify. So complete was that improvement, that with some valuable changes in method and material, the rollers of 60 j^ears ago, to-day apply the ink for the printed matter of the world.* The hand p)ress first used in the Toledo Blade office (in 1836) was of the Smith patent. It was wholly of iron, with a " bed " 22x32 inches in size ; the " platen," for givingthe impression, covered one side of the entire sheet, thus re- quiring but one-half the "pulls" of the older presses. This press was used here until August, 1838, when the old materials of Blade office, the press included, were taken to Lagrange, Cass County, Michigan, with which a Whig paper was then started. The sale was made because the Blade was at that time enlarged beyond the capacity of the press in use. The new press, also of iron, was used for printing the Blade until 1853, and was then given over to the Job Room, where it was in use for many years. Its successor in 1853, was a Northrup cylinder press, invented by Joel G. Northrup, of Syracuse, New York, who commenced the manufacture of improved presses as early as 1842. In 1852 he got out a new machine, and manufactured it at Oneida, New York. The third one made, and the first used West of Buf- falo, was purchased by the writer and taken to Sanduskj' in 1852, for the use of the Eegister (fomierly the Clarion), of that City. It was designed to be driven by steam or by hand- power. It printed about 900 sheets per hour, and for country papers was a valuable improve- ment. Although now in his 71st year, Mr. Northrup is still improving and manufacturing presses, his latest patent appearing in 1886 (his *It has been understood, that the first composition roller in Ohio, was made by Joshua Saxton, a pioneer Printer, for many years publisher of the Urbana Ga- zette. He was a brother of John Saxton, who started the Ohio Repository, at Canton, during the War of 1812-15, and published it for some .50 years. Combined Press and Folding Machine). The " Northrup" was used for printing the Blade from 1853 to 1860, at which time its enfeebled condition and limited capacity made necessary a sub.stitute, wliich was purchased of Hoe & CV)., of Now York. It was a large drum-cylin- der press, with a capacity of 1,200 per hour, and had been used in printing the Charleston (S. C.) Mercury. On this machine the Blade was printed until 1866, when a small C3dinder Hoe press was obtained, capable of printing 2,000 sheets (on one side) per hour. In 18G8, a double-cylinder press, with a capacity of 4,000 sheets (one side) was procured, and was used until 1872, at which time a Hoe four- cylinder machine (capacity 10,000) succeeded it, and was used until a Scott Perfecting press, capable of printing complete and folding 16,000 sheets per hour, was obtained in 1885. A better idea of the advance in printing thus shown by the history of the Blade, will be had by the average reader, when it is stated, that, to do the work performed by the Scott machine, would require 203 hand-presses like those for years in use in that office. To operate these, 203 pressmen and 203 hands to ink the types, would be required ; and say 40 more to fold the papers when printed — making a total force of 446 persons to run the 203 presses. But this is not all. The Scott press prints and folds a sheet of eight pages of the size of the four-page sheet of the former Blade — thus doubling the figures here given, and doing the work of 406 hand-presses, and 892 hands. And not only that, but the present machine at the same time cuts the eight-jJage sheet into two, and with paste neatly attaches them, ready for use, which latter process would probably require not less than 50 persons ; thus carrying the number of persons required to do the work of the Scott press, to the surprising aggregate of 942. Agaist these, the only offset to be made, consists of one Engineer for the steam-power, one Su- jierintendent of the press, an assistant and a couple of boys — in all, four, or 938 less than the fm-ce demanded by the old process, for a like amount of work. Another view of this case, will indicate something of the extent of the advance in printing machinerj'. The 406 hand-presses, with the 40 folders and 50 pasters, would occupy an aggregate space of not less than 58,000 square feet ; and if placed side by side — allowing .space of 12x12 feet for each press — the line would require a building 4,872 feet, or nearly one mile in length. Whereas^ the entire operation of the Scott press can be conducted in a rooni 25x50 feet in size. As still further marking the advance in thisdirec- tion during the last half century, it may be noted, that in 1835 the statement was made, that the Royal printing office of France con- tained the tyjjos of 56 Oriental alphabets, of which 49 complete fonts of various kinds were ready for use. These weighed 750,000 pounds, PUBLIC PRESS. 647 or 375 tons, and were sufficient to compose, simultaneously, 125,000 Svo i>ages, or 250 vol. umes of 500 jiasiies each. As furtlier showing the extraortliiiary facilities of the Royal ostab- lishineiit, it was stated that the numbi'r of its presses was so great, that it could |)rint 27S,000 sheets per day. TIk^ Scott ])r(v«s would pi-int that number of sheets, and cut, fold and ]jasto their halvas together, in IS hours — an amount of work far beyond the cajiaeity of the French establishment. It will also be borne in mind, that when this remarkable French printing otHce — the greatest in the World — was doing these wonders at the Capital of France, Toledo was little more than a handot, struggling for very existence, ami chiefly known as the scene of a boundary disinite, with its only nt^ws- pajier — the Toledo (lazette — a feeble thing, irrcg\darly printed on asmall hand-pi'css. This handet has grown to 1)0 a leading commercial ])oint of the country, with a thrift}' ])opulation of 75,000, and with two ])rinting presses, either the equal of anything of the kind now in the great establishment of Paris. The extraordinary advance made in ))rinting machinery, is indicated by the following illus- trations — the one of the Ramage ])ress, and the other of the Scott ]ires8. THE ADVANCE IN PRINTING MACHINERY. RAMAGE PRESS— ioti'cr Sandusky Wliiy, 1839. SCOTT PERFECTING FR^SS— Toledo Blade, im». 648 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LVCAS COVNTY. Steam-power was first employed in Toledo for propelliiiEC a printing press, in July, 1853, at tlie Blade office. Previous to that time, all press worlc liad been done by hand. The en- gine then used w as a small one, which drove two presses— a Korthrup cylinder, for the newspaper, and a small Hoe cylinder, for job •work— but one of which, for lack of power, could be used at a time. Ere long the engine became too feeble, even for such divided work, when iiand-power for a time again became the chief reliance for printing the Blade. Ere long a new 10-horse engine was procured, wliich subsequently gave way for a more powerful one, to be succeeded by others of increasing capacitj^ The second paper using steam-power was the Commercial, about 1858. From that time on, hand-presses for newspaper work were rarely in use — publishers not having steam presses of their own, having their press- work done chiefly outside their offices. AMATEUR PRINTING AND PUBLISHING. For .several years there was quite general interest taken in the art of printing, and in newspaper and book publishing, by boys of Toledo. This state ot things seems to have commenced about 1870, and was specially man- ifest during the succeeding 10 years, although continued thereafter. It has been deemed proper in this connection to givebriefreview of the ear- lier years of this branch of Toledo art and lit- erature. For this purpose, the record, as sup- plied by the "Toledo Amateur Directory," issued by F. W. Kibbe & Brother, in 1877, is reproduced as there found : HISTOKV OF AMATEUR JOURNALS. When the fire of Amateur journalism was begin- ning to spread over the country, Toledo was not much behind. The first paper issued from Toledo was the Young Ente)~prise, published by Reed, Wagar & Reed (Wm. H. and George Fred. Reed and C. P. Wagar). The first number was published in December, 1809, and bore the date of January 1, 1870. It was en- larged twice, and with the fifth number had an en- graved headhig ; and with the sixth number they bought out De Omnibus, one of the first, if not the first paper published in Ohio. After publishing this for a year, they sold out to C. H. Fowle, of West Newton, Massachusetts. In May, 1871, Fred. G. Andrews started the American Youth, and after publishing two numbers, he sold out to F. DeMarest, of New York. Just after the Chicago fire (1871) two numbers ot the Chicago Our Boys, were printed in Toledo. The Maumee. Youth was a venture which never saw the full light, as the Editor, after printing two pages, got tired and retired. The next paper to appear in the field, was the Com City Compliments, started by Smith & Dyer (George B. Smith and Nathaniel Dyer), in June, 1872. This paper was enlarged once, and issued several supplements. It had the reputation of being one of the spiciest papers ever published, and met with great encouragement, having received more compliments than any other paper that had been published. In 1874 the pubUshers bought the famous Our Boys, of Chicago, and changed the name to that of the latter journal, which paper is still running. In 187.'j there were two papers started, the Collec- tor's Reriiw, a paper devoted to Stamp Collectors, which, after publishing three numbers, was consoli- dated with Corn Ci'y Compliments. The Critic, a spicy paper, was published by F. T. Lindenberger, who afterwards changed the name to Occasional, which was very apjiropriate for an amateur paper. In 1876 a paper was issued, said to be from Box 73, Toledo, Ohio, by C. Vincent ; but we guess the gentleman u.sed to live in New York State. Only one number was issued. In 1876 the Honu News and Our Centennial Year were started by Ed. M. Scribner. The last named journal changed its name to Minute Men, in 1877. In November, 1876, The Standard was issued by Kibbe, Maples & Co. It has been enlarged twice, and in April, 1877, began to issue a supplement. AMATEUR JOB PRINTING OFFICES Have been established for a long time. It is hard to tell who had the first one ; but from what can be learned, the first press was a Lowe Smasher ; the next a small sized Novelty ; and the next was a large ottice, with some fifty fonts of type, and a large-sized Novelty press, owned by Fred. G. Andrews. The next was one started by Edward P. Day. He had a small Novelty and a few fonts of type ; but by saving what he made, he bought a Gordon press, and at last had an ofiice which cost about $800. From this, up to the present, there have been many offices started, with nearly all the difiereut presses made. AMATEURS. A list of amateur Authors, Printers and Publish- ers, of Toledo, Ohio (to 1877): Frank W. Kibbe, 400 Michigan Street ; age, 16 ; Printer, Publisher and Editor. James E. Maples,* 423 Ontario Street ; age, 13 ; Printer, Publisher and Editor. Albert E. Richards, 10 Utica Street ; age, 14 ; Au- thor and Printer. Henry W. Kibbe, 400 Michigan Street ; age, 13 Printer and Publisher. Orie M. Roff, corner 13th and Madison Streets age, 17 ; Printer. Ed. M. Scribner, 144 Franklin Avenue; age, 14 Printer, Publisher and Editor. Harry D. Fallis, 333 Huron Street ; age, 16 ; Prin- ter. Fred. C. Whipple, 167 Walnut Street ; age, 14 Publisher. J. M. Hubbard, 46 Lagrange Street ; age, 16 Printer. Obid B. Law, 621 Huron Street ; age, 15 ; Printer. Charles H. Cook, 038 Huron Street ; age, 17 Printer. William A. Howell, 175 Madison Street ; age, 13 Printer. M. Brady (since deceased), 523 Huron Street ; age, 15 ; Engraver. C. O. Phelps, Superior Street, between Adams and Madison ; age, 16 ; Printer. Harry Ketcham, corner 13th and Madison Streets; age, 12 ; Printer. E. B. Smiley, 53 Detroit Avenue ; age, 15 ; Printer. F. G. Kimball, 67 Cherry Street ; age, 13 ; Printer. A. S. Hannaford, 97 Summit Street; age, 17; Printer. Fred. Brigham, 141 Walnut Street; age, 13; Printer. Will. G. Lenhart, 19 Carroll Street ; age, 17 ; Prin- ter and Publisher. * Deceased. THE PliES.^. 040 Wui. 0. Brown, Jr., corner Summit and Ash Streets; age, ]li; I'riiiter. Arthur P. Braisteii, 120 Madison Street; age, \'t ; Printer. Chas. A. Lee. 595 Huron Street; age, 15 ; Printer. Henry W. Eddy, 97 Summit Street; age, 17; Printer. William M. Bellman, 740 Huron Street; age, 17 ; Printer. A. ¥. Lenhart, 19 Carroll Street; age, 13; Printer. K. Engelliardt, corner Summit and Perry Streets; age, lo ; Printer. Freil. Dodge, 590 Huron Street ; ago, 10; Printer. C. G. Lanipnian, 144 Franklin Avenue; age, 11'; Pi'inter. AM.\TKIIR HOOKS. "Puzzledom Couiidete," by Canoe; 104 pages; (irioe, 25 rents. Our P.oys, Publishers. 1874. " Kobin,son Crusoe." by Wa.satch ; 50 pages ; illus- trated (by Brady); price, 10 cents. Kibbe & Lenhart, Publishers. " Biography of the Scribner Family," by E. M. Scribner ; 10 pages; price, 10 cents. Home News, Publishers. 1870. "Dick Forrester," by Fuzz; 10 pages; price, 5 rents. F. Whipple & Co., Publishers. 1877. " Our Little lland-Book ;" Ki pages; price, 5 cents. K. O. St. John, Publisher. LH77. "Jack's Fate." by Rox ; 8 pages; price, 5 cents; A. P. Braisted, Puljlisher. 1877. " Toledo Anuiteur Directory for 1877;" 20 pages; price, 10 cents. F. W. Kibbe & Brother, Publishers. 1877. BOOK AND JOB PRINTING. For some 20 j-ears, and until about 1853, Job Printing was almost wlioUj' done in connection with Newspaper offices. At the date named, Samuel Andrews and Godfrey Jeager started a separate Job Office at 102 Summit Street (up stairs), which was continued until merged in the Blade establishment, in 1850, Clark Wag- goner meantime having taken the interest of Mr. Jeager. Subsequently, Boyd & Co. had a Job Office, part of the time in connection with the Com- mercial. In December, 18G2, Ira H. Spear. George L. Johnson and Geo. Schneider, constituting the firm of Spear, Johnson & Co., commenced Book and Job Printing at 90 Summit Street. In November, 1803, the office was removed to 28 Summit Street, where it was burned out February 22, 1808. During the same year they erected the building (13!) St. Clair Street) yet occupied by the establishment It is the oldest Job Printing Office, separate from a newspaper, now in the City. The present partners are George L. Johnson and Samuel Andrews, the latter having succeeded Mi-. Schneider in 1883 — the firm slill being Spear, Johnson & Co. The Blade Priiiting and Paper Company was organized in December, 1873, with I). K. Locke as President, John Paul Jones as Vice Presi- dent, and Geoi-ge D. Clafliii as Secretary and Treasurer. The business of this establishment has been Book Making — includingtype setting, stereotyping, engraving and binding — general Printing, manutacture of Blank Books and Boxes, and dealing in Pa])er and Stationery. Its trade for 18S7 amounted to §100.0(10. The officers for 1888, are as fcdlows : Directors— 8. ^L Young, T. J. Brown, Oeorge D. Claliin, George F. Johnson, Daniel Nitschke, Horatio S. Young and E. H. Rhoades. President —.S. M. Young. Vice President — E. H. Uhdades. Secretary and Trca.surer — G. D. Glallin. 'fhe Barkdull Printing House (W. JI. and Thomas H. Barkdull, pi-' of tiiat year, he aildrossed General John F. Hunt, then Postmaster at Maumeo, a lettei-. in which he said : ''I wish to obtain all the information in my power respecting your sec- tion of country, with thij view of making it my future residence." The result of his investiga- tion was such, that alter remaining about one year at Florence, he visited ^laumee (1832), ^/^^ J<~ 'n'^L-^yn''^x\-£^' \ THE PRESS. CA\ and made the purchase of 70 acres of land now in Toledo, and elsewhere referred to in this volume. In 1833 ho removed his family to I'errysburg, M'hore he resumed the jiractice of the law, and was chosen Prosecuting Attorney. Still bent on literary ])ursuits, in December of that year, in ])artnershi]> with llciii-}' I)arliiijr, a brother-iu law, he started the jiioneer ]ia])i'r of the Maumee Valley — the Miami of the Lakf, that then being the a])])ellation of the Maumee Kiver. The tide of speculation soon began to rise in this region, as throughout the West, and Mr. Scott dealt freely in lands, and deemed himself to be a man of wealth. In ISIJti be ''retired on his fortune" to Bridgeport, Con- necticut, but by the crash of 1837, was called back to ^Maumee, where he remained for seven years. But no extent of disa])pointment could destroy his faith that on the Maumee Hiver was to bo the tJreat City of the Future, which belief was made the basis of many articles prejiared by him for the public press. While his views fiiileil to command general acceptance, they gave him prominence among reflecting minds. In 1844 Mr. Scott first made Toledo his residence, ami at once became connected with the Blade, which he conducted for several years. In 1857 he removed to Castleton, below Albanj-, New York, where he remained some years, and returned to Toledo. U\ IStiS, he prepared with much care and published a pamphlet .setting forth more fully his theory of the "Futui'e Creat City of the World," which, as he claimed, Toledo was to be. In October, 1872, sensible of the near approach of the end of life, and anxious to give effect to his deep interest in his fellow-citizens and their posterity, Mr. Scott devised and formulated the scheme for the endowment of an institution of learning to be known as " The Toledo University of Arts and Trades," the character, details and jjresent coniiition of which plan arc elsewhere set forth in connection with the history of the Toledo Manual Training School. Mr. Scott throughout was recognized asa writer of ability, and for many years was specially conspicuous with the public press. He wasalways a staunch advocate of sound morals and free thought, and had no toleration for vice or lawlessness in any form. Asa citizen, ho was a model of propriety, and in pi-actice as well as 2n-ece])t, a leader in public and private virtue. The causes of temperance and popular education found in him an earnest champion. Mr. Scott was married at South)iort, Connecticut, in Maj', 1824, with Miss Susan Wakcman, who, with three sons, accompanied him to Florence in the Spring of 1831. At the time of Mr. Scott's death they were within four months of their (iolden Wedding. Mrs. Scott survivetl her husband until April, 1882, when she, too, yielded to ailvancing age. They had three childi-en— William II. and Frank J., of Toledo; and Maurice York. A. Scott, of Castleton, New Vnnw the I'iograpliical Cyclopn'ilia nl'ohli). ("l,.\UK W. \( icioNK It, Collector (if In tci-nal l?cve- niH! f(ir the Tenth district, Ohio, was born in Milan Township, Huron (now in Fri<>) CountN', Ohio, September (1, l.S2l>. His father, Israel Wagi^oncr, was a native of New Jersey, born in 178'.t, and came to Ohio in 1811, engaging in farming. For a time, he was mail-cari'ici- between the mouth of Huron River and Alans- field (50 miles), with but one "clearing" on the route. The mother, Liicretia Buck, was born in Massachusetts in 1787, spending her childhood and youth at Bennington, Vermont. In 1807 she went to Hiitl'alo, New York, and there married Peter Lake. In 1815 ihefamilv came to Ohio, locating in Huron Count}-, where the busl)and soon died, and in 181!t the widow and Israel W^aggoner were married. The son's School facilities consisted in what were fur- nished b}' the Village District (onl}- ordinarv for those days), and ended at the age of I'i years, except two short terms at Huron Insti- tute, Milan. For whatever of literary educa- tion ho afterwards accpiired, he was indebted chiefly to what Dr. Franklin .so well named and showed to be the "Poor Boy's College" — the printing office — which he entered as an ai)|)ren- tice, at the age of 13 years, in the office t)f the Milan Times, completing his trade in the office of the Norwalk Reflector. In 1838, as a "Jour. Printer," he accepted a situation at Fremont (then Lower Sandusky), and in Jfay, 183!t, at the age of 18, became the Publisher of the Lower Sandusky ^yllig, a new ])a])ei', which was continued until 1843, when he i'emo\ed the office to his native Town, and established the Milan Tribune. This was published until 1851, at which time the office was mei'ged with that of the Clarion, at Sandusk3-,thc new paper being named the Register, in which were asso- ciated with Mr. Waggoner, Earl Bill, now clerk of the United States Court for the Northern District of Ohio, and Henry D. Cooke, late Governor of the District of Columbia, now de- ceased. In 185(5 Mr. Waggoner removed to Toledo, and with G. T. Stewart, then and now of Norwalk, Ohio, purchased the Toledo Blade, Mr. Waggoner becoming the manager of the establishment, and ere long the editor of the ]iaper, continuing as such until IHIJS, when he retired. He thusconducted the jjafjcr thi'ough- out the War of the Rebellion, and gave to the cause of the Union a strong and efl'cclivo support. As the result of a difTercncc in view as to the true ])olicy for the conduct of the War, Mi\ Waggoner was brought into conflict with a large portion of his He|)ublican associates in the Congressional District. He was sustained (>.■):; HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. in liis views by the more conservative mem- bers of the party, who selected Morrison If. Waile fnow Chief' .lustiee of the United States) as tiieir candidate for Congress, who was not elected. The position of this portion of the ]iarty was that of President Lincoln, that tiie War, on the partof the Government, should be conducted primarily to save the Union, leaving Slavery and other special interests to take their chances in the j-esult. To this was opjioscd the extreme, or "radical," ]iolicy, making the abolition of Slavery a condition precedent in any terms for ]ieace. Though Mr. Waite then failed of an election, the canvass gave him an introduction and standing as a sound and able conservative in policy, which opened the way to the exalted jjositioji subsequently reached by him, and one more consistent with his taste and professional ambition. Mr. Waggoner's real introduction as Editor to thepeople of Northwestern Ohio, was in 1850, through a cowardly personal assault made upon him by a notorious gambler, because the Blade had expressed the opinion that it was against ])ublic policy for a man who had, in one year, jileaded " guilty" to two indictments for gam- bling, to be continued as a depositary of public money. His life was at that time openly threatened, as it afterwards was, because of his bold denunciation of gambling and other crimes and vices. In 18(30, in connection with his eldest son, I!al]ili II. Waggoner, Mr. Waggoner purchased the Toledo Commeixial, v/hich he edited during his connection with the paper, and until Janu- ary, 1876. It was in the conduct of the Com- mercial, ihat Mr. Waggoner was most frequently influential in controlling political and public results. Notably among the former, is the part he took in the selection of the Eepublican can- didate for Governor of Ohio, in 1875, which jiroved to have so much bearing upon more important subsequent events. By concerted action, in April of that j-ear, most of the lead- ing Rejjublican journals of the State simul- tancoush" brought out Hon. Alphonso Taft for that otfico. The ground for such action, was the alleged personal popularity of that gentle- man with certain classes of voters residing chiefl}' in Cities, which popularity was mainly due to his declared opinions against the use of the Bible in Public Schools. Disagreeing with these views, and appreliending disaster to the party from the nomination of a standard- liearer for the reason that he entertained them, Mr. Waggoner, in the Commercial, opposed the movement in favor of Judge Taft. and urged, in.stead, the nomination of liutherford B. Hayes, who had twice been Governor, and was then in private life; and who had refu.sed the use of liis name for the position, just before Judge Talt was suggested, and still protested against being considered a candidate. Notwith- standing such positive protest, and the almost unanimous support of Judge Taft by the Repub- lican daily juess, Mr. Waggoner insisted thatEx- tiovcrnor Hayes should be nominated, as the onlj- hope of unity, and of the success in Ohio in 1875, on which so largely dejiended all hope of success in the approaching Presidential contest. The canvass — an active and earnest one — closed with a complete endorsement of Mr. AVaggoner's action, in the unanimous nomination of Ex-Governor Hayes bj' the State Convention, to be followed by his election over (tovernor William Allen, and, as direct conse- quences, his subsequent nomination and elec- tion as President, in 1870. Among the incidents of Mr. W^aggoner's life most satisfactory to himself, is the part he took in removing the l^ars of prejudice by which the colored children of Toledo were excluded from' the educational facilities provided for their white neighbors. This was accomplished in 1871, after a contest of over two years, in which the Commercial led the cause of justice against the prejudices and timidity of the Board of Education. The result was finally reached through a public sentiment aroused and made effective largely by Mr. Waggoner's persistent support of the right. It is proper here to state, that, upon the test of trial being made, there were found to exist none of the obstacles to the policy of justice and humanity so greatly feared, no trouble whatever arising from the association of races in the Schools. The part taken by Mr. Waggoner in the establishment of the present system of water supply for Toledo may be mentioned. After several years of discussion, the City Council, by nearl}^ unanimous vole, had been led to adopt, and the citizens generally to accept, the Holl}- system of Water Works. Becoming satisfied, from investigation, that this system was not desirable for the Citj-, and that the Stand-])ipe plan was better, Air. Waggoner advocated a change accordingly, which was strongly opposed by the Council, sustained by a portion of the City press. The discussion lasted some three months, and was active and somewhat bitter, but closed with the nearlj' unanimous adoption by the Council of a reso- lution surrendering the Holly and accepting the Stand-pipe plan, which was soon after introduced, and is believed to l>e equal in etticiency, economy and durability to that of any other City in the countrj-. Mr. Waggoner preserved, and now holds as a pi'oud "monument" to his lite-work, 50 bound volumes of newspapers, of which he was J'ublisher and Editor. Thej- cover an aggre- gate of 35 years of time, and include 12 years of Weekly-, and 23 years of Dail^- journals. Throughout this long ]3eriod, his record was that of a conscientious, independent and fear- less advocate of truth, justice and honesty in every department of life. Whether in social, moral, b\isiness or ]iolilieal affairs, his jien was TUE I'liE^a. 653 ever iviidj in defense of tlie right, regardless of what, in a si'ltish view, migiit seem to he imniediato disadvantage to liiniself. Ho was rare!}' long without the antagonism of some special interest; but without an exception worth naming, tiie outcome justified his course. As far as his action was concerned, it mattered with iiim little whether he was tiius brought in conflict with personal friends or enemies, with jiolitical associates or o])ponents, with men of high or of low standing, with the few or the many. His course showed the same consistent and inflexible adherence to the convictions of his own mind. These once carefulh' and satis- factoril}- reached, were ever the guide for his action. So well did this fact come to bo recog- nized, that the influence of his paper was powerful with the public. Always active in the )iromoticn of public onlerpri.ses and local interests, he was no less vigilant in the sup- port of a sound morality and the mainteiumce of law and order. It is safe to say, that no pcr.son has done more to elevate the character of the public Press in Northern Ohio, than has Mr. Waggoner thioughout the generation of time covered by his labors as a journalist. The a]i]iointmeiit of !Mi'. Waggoner as Col- lector i>t Internal I\evenue, was tlie unsolicited act of President Hayes, which has been more than justified by the high standing to which the District was soon brought and is maintained. Mr. Waggoner's political opinions were first formed during President Jackson's last term, when he accepted the views and policy of the Whigs, then under the lead of Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, Thomas Ewing, and other giants in statesmanship of those days. He continued in sujiport of the Whig party until the body of the same was merged into its Re- publican successor, in 1855, with which latter he has since been actively identified. On the 20th of December, 1841, Mr. Wag- goner was married at Fremont, Ohio, with Miss Sjivia B., youngest daughter of the late Chauncey Eoberts, for many j'ears a promi- nent hotel-keejier and stage proprietor at that place. They have had five children, all of whom are now living — Ealjjb H., an Advertis- ing Broker, in New York; J. Fred., Periodical and Book Publisher, Chicago, Illinois; Mrs. Carrie AV. Seward, of New Jersej-, and Misses Fann}- and Mary Ella, of Toledo. — The foregoing was prepared in 1881. Mr. Waggoner retired from the office of Collector of Internal Eevenue August 1, 1882, after a service of five j-ears, during which period the District, for the first time in its history, at- tained, under the standard fixed by the Treas- ury Department, the grade of "First-Class, according to the Scale of Merit." Many let- ters from the Commissioner of Internal Reve- nue — in dates extending from December, 1S78, to May, 1882 — bore uniform testimony to the unsurpassed success of Collector Waggoner's administration, and extended to liim the "thanks and congratulations " of his supei-ior ofliccr, (Icncral Greene li. Ilaiini, Thus — December l.S, 187S, tlie Ciuuiiii.ssioiicr wmtc: " N()tliiii<; could be more complete, tlian the manner in wliidi every ilitail of tbe service is eonducteil in your District. This i-omliliun of all'airs is certainly very ^'ratifyiii;; to lliis ollii-e. It relieets j.'rcat credit upon your.self ami upon your suljordiiiales." Jlay 'Jo, 1.S,S2: " Your ollicc was found, njiou it.s recent e.\- auiination by Revenue Ajrent Wheeler, in excellent condition. Your grade, as usual, is A'o. one, or Fi}fl- Vltm." Such result could have been attained by the Collector only with the co-operation of sub- ordinates able and faithful in their service. These were— Chief Deputy Clayton R. Heath, and Deputies Leroj- E. Clarke, James W. Koss, Lewis E. Brewster and Vincent J. Emmick, at Toledo; James AV. Baker, at Norwalk; and Geo. O. Selkirk and Mrs. Eva G. Center, at Sandusky. Since the close of his service as Collector, Mr. Waggoner's attention has been chiefly di- rected to obtaining historical material for use in dirt'eront forms, of which the Ilistoiy of Toledo and Lucas County is one. During this time, he has carefully examined, sheet by sheet, 800 bound volumes of public journals, extend- ing in dates as far back as 1814, and has made over 7,000 notations of facts of more or less permanent interest, with reference to the record of each. Such notations have greatly promoted the preparation of this History, and \vill be of increasing value for future use. In early manhood, Mr. Waggoner made the Christian profession, and has since been ia])er, Mr. Locke began his connection with the Toledo press, as stated on pages 640-(J41. For several }"ears ho spent considerable time in the delivery of jjublic lecturcsin difterent parts of the country. Ho made a somewhat extended trip through Groat Britain and the Continent, when he wrote a series of letters ("Nasl)y in Exile") subsequently published in a volume. The "Nasby" letters were thus issued, as also were other volumes of his writings—" Kkkoes from Kentuck}-," "Abou Ben Adhem," "Strug- gles of Petroleum V. Nasby," "Swinging Rounil theCircle," " Paper City," and "Hannah Jane" — all which partaking of the style of satire, wore employed to correct erroneous views and sentiments in regard to matters of political, social and practical life. In this de- partment of literature he attained prominence which ver^' few American writers have enjoyed. His habits of labor wore exceptionally method- ical and close, enabling hina to accomplish re- sults to bo secured in no other way. Some months before his death, Mr. Jjocke's health became seriously im])airod, and different steps were taken for its restoration, but without suc- cess, the end occurring as already stated, \n the 55th year of his age. He was married while residingatPlymouth, with Miss Martha Bodine, who survives him, as do three sons — Robinson, Edmund and Charles, the former succeeding his lather as Editorial Manager of the Blade. Beside a pioneer in the Nursery business, Mr. Asa W. Maddocks held like jwsition in the printing offices of Toledo. He was an a]i- ])rcntice — "Devil," as technically called — in the office of the Toledo Gazette, which very soon succeeded the Herald upon its suspension in Se])tember, 1834. He was employeil on the Gazette when in 1835 the office was raided, its type piled in "pic," and general wreck wi-ought with the materials by the " Michigan lorccs," who tooksuch means forvengcance on the Ga- zette, for its su]iport of the Ohio side of the boundary question. Mr. Maddocks, in 1840, worked on the Maumee City Express. (Henry Reed and S. T. Ilosmer, publishers), ami sub- sequently as a "Jour" at Adrian and other places. Silas W. Wilder, a native of Ashburidiam, Massachusetts, learned his trade in the office of the Spy, Worcester, Massachusetts. He after- wards jiublishcd, in succession, the Woonsocket (R. 1.) Patriot, the Norfolk Democrat (\'>QA\\a.m, Mass.), and tho Pathfinder and the Carpet Bag, Boston. He came to Toledo in 1852, and be- came associated with Josiah Riley, in the pub- lication of the Commercial Republican. Novem- ber 26, 1854, Mr. Wilder died, leaving a wife and three children. He was a man of great industry aud unexceptionable habits. PA RT X. ANNALS I CHAPTER I. JCVKNTS AM) riaiSONS. Mri'ii of ti consists of fiK-ts and events sujiplied liy (liseonneeted records and the memories of ]ici-- sons cognizant of the same. Availini;- himself of these sources of inlbi'mation, the c]}iler has gathered material which it is believed will lie of jiresent intei'est and ]iermanent value. Jn tho naliiro of the case, such must he used without special connection as to either subject or time. The first known white settlers .st of his family S])oiit thi' liahmcc nf their iln^'s in useful and honorable aetivity here. Citations from Mr. l^aldwin's i-ecord, necessarily brief, will be found of interest: Leavinj; ('levelanil, Sci)teuihcr (!, 1S17, the Leop- ard arrived at Detroit, after a tedious pas.sat;e of jO days, on tlie Kith. There Ins attention was (Mvideil lietween tlie nianufaeture and ereetioti ol Ciiler Mills and Ihe limited trallie wliieli the Leopard, ehietly iu charge of his .sons, was able to secure, lie made several mills, while the vessel, until the close of navigation, was kept usually employed iu trans- liortaticui on the Detroit Kiver. Aliril 1. ISl.S. Mr. Baldwin left Detroit f,,r "Or- leans of the North, "as the .settlement on the Maumeo Kiver below Fort i\Ieigs, was then called. They arrived on the od, and oei'iipied a small house. Here they reuuiined until .luly, isl.s, when they left, going first to I'ut-in Bay, for the purpose of getting out a cargo of cedar pickets for tlie Detroit market, which latter jilace they reached during that month, and where their former life, substantially, W'as re- peated until November, when they returned to ( Irleans, taking up their abode iu a poition of Seneca Allen's house. Uere their experiences were about as at their former .sojourn, the family sufTering severely on both occasions from fever and ague — so much so as often to have no one with strength to care for the sick. They all were active at such em- ployment as might he liad. Mar(|uis in Ajiril, 1S19, '■ dropped" corn tor General \'ance, a farmer above Orleans. .June 27, 1S19, once more discouraged by Mauuiee life, Mr. Baldwin and family again left; this time for their old home in Palmyra, where they arrived July 30. ]ii fSeptember, Mr. Baldwin, with John and Tih- bals, took the Leopard at Cleveland and sailed for I'ut-iu Bay, there occui>ying the board shanty of a Mr. Hill, where they got out timber for Cider Mills, and for use at Detroit, where the father was l]U.sy with his null jobs, w bile the sons continued traffic with the Vessel, making several trips to Orleans on one of which she wasloailed with Corn for Detroit by Jonathan Giblis. This sort of life was kept up more or less, until 1S21, when Mr. Baldwin returned to Palmyra. On the lOth of February. 1823, Mr. Baldwin, with hislamily (Alvah only excepted), for the third time, essayed to make a home on the Mauniec, with Port Lawrence for his destina- tion. For conveyance for himself, family ami goods, he had two oxsleds and a oiie-liorse sleigh ; Marquis (then 15 years of age) driving two cows. At Black Eiver (now Lorain Countj'), the snow tailed them, and they were compelled to take the Lake, then covered with •solicl ice, which they followed throughout to the Maumec Kiver and up to Port Lawrence, where they arrived, after a jiassagc of nine days from Palmjfa. At Port Lawrence Mr. Baldwin settled in the old log AVarehouse at the toot of Monroe Street, built in 1817. There thej' remained until 1833, when John Baldwin purchased lot 11, Summit Street (North side), and next to the corner of Monroe, and built thereon a brick two- story building, the lower jiart of which he occupied until 1836 as a Pa-ovision Store, the family living on the secoiul floor. In lS3fi .loliii built on Su]ierior Street, between Wash, ington ami Lafayette, Manpiis remainiiig with him, and the father and Tihbals going on a I'ai-ni, a |iart id' which is now thi' site of the Jlanhattau Fliuiring _Mills. ,\fterw:irds they removed to (irassy Point (on the Kiver be tween the AVtibash Kiuind-JIouse and the Ijake Shore Bailroad briilge). Subs(Mjuentl3-, tlie family returned to Town, where the father died in 1838, Jo'hn having ])recodc'd him in death in 1837. Tihbals then returned to Pal- myra, where he died. Alvah, taking the farm at Palmyra in 1823, remained on it until his death, F(du-uary 22, 188(i, at the age of !)(» years and G months. ]\Iar(iuis never left Tidedo alter the return in 1823, w hicli, at the end of 05 years, is yet his residence, lie is the last member of the fiimily living. The brother John occupied a jiromincnt. and honorable ])ositioii here, in both business and ]uiblic trust, having been one (d' the three first County Commissioners. The experience of Mr. lialdwin and his family was in some res]>ects ])eculiar. Called to meet reverses in business, his removal to the West was made in the hope of recovery ol lo.sscs. Farm-life failing to secure such end, he adopted the varied business shown in his history, without special financial success. l>nt the condition thus given the family greatly developed the energy and industry of all. Thus, we find in Mr. ]?aldwin's accounts, charges for the making of jiants, shirts and other garments by Mrs. Jialilwin, and i-liocs by John; while the other nn'inbi'i-s were constant in contributing by all means available to the common fund. John and Tibbals largely managed the Ijcopanl, while the father was em- ployed in making Cider Mills and other work ; Marijuis, the youngest, doing his share of work according to his years — the household labors taxing the utmost strength of the mother and daughter. The recoi'd of this family is citeil, not so much as exceptional, as because it shows something of the trials and privations common to the mass of jiioneers wdio 0]iened up the great West to civilization and wealth. From Mr. Baldwin's carefidly ke]it acciuints, we are eiuibled to learn something of the prices current at the outset of civilization here: In April, ISIS, liis charges for transportation of freight from Miami to Cleveland, contained the fol- lowing: Wood, per cord, $'_'.U0 ; Fish, per bbl., 75 cents;" Pickets, per 100, $ll'..'iO. Between Miami and Detroit— Passengers, with baggagi' erjual to three barrels hulk, iJ.oO ; Salt Pork and Fish, ]ier bbl., "lO cents; Corn, per bushel, 10 cents; Shingles, i)er M, .')() cents; Furs, per jiack, 75 cents. From Put-in Bay to Detroit— Cargo of Lumber, «:!(I.OO. Of articles of trade, the jirices of the following are given: Ploughs, $15.(10; Flour, i>er 100 lbs., .i;4.00 ; Potatoes, per bushel, (i2Jc.; Bacon, ])er lb., L'Oc; Butter, .nic; Beef Steak'^ lOc; Pork, ls}c.: Bread, 12*c.; Shoes, $2..50 ; Castor Hats, ^7.00; Tin-pans, 2oc.; Xails, per lb., 2oc.; Salt, per bbl., SS.OO ; Fish, 660 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. per bbl., $10.00; Kosin, per lb., 25o.; Tar, per gallon, $IM): WliLsky, per quart, 50c.; Chickens, each, 2.JC.; Tin plates, ."IJc.; Pine boards, per 100 feet, $3.00; BuflTalo robes, $6.00; Tobacco, per lb., 50c.; Cider, per bbl., $8.50; Apples, per bbl. (October, 181S), $1..50. The rates for labor are indicated by Mr. Baldwin's charge of $3.00 for footing a pair of boots; and those of Mrs. Baldwin— for making woolen pantaloons, $1.50; for linen do., .50 cents; and for njaking fine shirts, $1,00 each. Ordinary laborers were paid $25.00 per month and board. Sailors got the same. Mr. Marquis Baldwio funii.shes the following as amoni; the residents of this section when his father's famih^ went to Orleans, in 1818, to wit : At Manmee— John E. Hunt and Robert A. For- syth, merchants; .Jonathan Gibb.s, James Carlin, Dr. Horatio Uonant. and a Frenchman, named Pelkee. At Miami — Daniel Hubbell and Wm. Herrick. At Perrysburg — John and Frank Hollister, mer- chants; Coleman I. Keeler, Sen., John Webb, David ]M. Hawley and Wm. Wilson. At Orleans — Wm. Ewing, James McElrath, Jacob Wilkison (Tavern-keeper), Samuel Spafford, Seneca Allen, Martindale, James Murray, Aurora Spafford, Gen. Vance. Samuel Wilkison, Amos Pratt, James Wilki.son, David Wilkison, Broughton. Up the River. East side, four or five miles — Guy Nearing, Isaac Richardson (murdered)*. Up the River, West side — David Hull, Isaac Hull, Joseph Hull. Still further up— The Prays, Francis Manor, and Gunn. Others may have been tliere, who are not remembered. Mr. Marquis Baldwin also furnishes the fol- lowing statement of what was found at Port Lawrence, when his father's family arrived there in 1823: At the foot of Monroe Street. North side, the log- warehou.se belonging to the Cincinnati Corapanj-, with a frame addition thereto. The back part of this building becauje the residence of the Baldwin family for some 10 years. On the South side and at the foot of the .same Street, stood the Warehouse of D. C. Henderson, also built in 1817— a frame struc- ture, much dilapidated, and in 1823 unoccupied. A small frame house stood on Perry Street, just back of the Alley, between Summit and St. Clair, and owned and occupied by Jo.seph Prentice, the father of Frederick Prentice. A log-hou.se stood near the l)resent site of the Police Station— owned and oc- cupied by Joseph Trombley. A hewed log-house, on the North side of Snniniit Street, near Jefienson, owned and occupied by Wm. Wil.son. Remains of Fort Indu.stry were yet on Summit Street, from near Jeflerson, two-third.s" the di.'tance to Monroe Street, and to the bluti in the direction of the River. Pickets of the fortification were yet standing. Down the River, and on what is now Stickney Ave- nue, stood the brick dwelling of Major B. F. Stickney * Mr. Richardson was killed July 22, 1830, a few miles above Perrysburg, by Geo. Porter. It seems that Richard.son, keeper of a hotel at the Maumee Kapids. was sitting in the piazza of his house, con- versing with a guest, when he was shot in the head from a corner of the house, and expired without a groan His guest received in his breast a portion of the charge of shot. The murderer. Porter, was taken the ne.\t day, when he confessed the act, expressing liis gratification thereat. He bore a bad character, and had for some years been on unfriendly terms with Mr. Richardson. Porter was tried for the crime, convicted and hung. — the only residence then on wliat became the Vis- tula plat. Back from the River, and now on CoUing- wood Avenue, was Noah A. Whitney's house. Next, the log house of Major Coleman I. Keeler, Sen., near the rear end of the lot now owned by J. W. May's heirs. Eli Hubbard's hou.se stood out Lagrange Street, on the North side of Ten-Mile Creek, Thomas Bishop lived nearly opposite Mr. Hubbard. Win. Sibley lived near the present residence of Peter C. Lewis, now Washington Townshij) ; and next West, was Andrew Jacobs, on the Prairie Hoad. Then John Walworth, where J. C. Harris lived ; and one other house, occupied by a Mr. Owens, on the Smith farm on Half-way Creek. A little below the Manhattan Mill, Francis Love- way ; and near the mouth of the Maumee River, Leo Guire. About where Ironville now stands, lived the five brothers — Jacob, Peter, Francis, Alexis and Antoine Navarre. Such constituted the pojiulation between Maumee and the Bay Settloment (now Vienna), in 1823. The same year C3rus Fisher and John Baldwin brought a small stock of l^r}^ Goods to Port Lawrence, being the first store opened within the present limits of Toledo. l)uriiig that j'ear, John Baldwin owned the Schooner Verniilion, and sailed her between Port Lawrence and Buffalo. Li 1827, '28 and '29, John Baldwin k Co. sold Dry Goods in the building at the foot of Monroe Street. About 1828 Alvin Evans was on what is now the Ed. Upton farm, Washington Township. The .same year (as recollected), Capt. J)avid Wilkison built the Schooner Eagle, on Swan Creek, and at the foot of AVashington Street, Port Lawrence. la 1832-33 the Steamboat Detroit was built at the same place, by the Detroit Navigation Conijianj' ; Tibbals and Marquis Baldwin doing the iron-work, and John Baldwin sailing her as Master in 1834. In 1831 Sanford L. Collins came here as clerk in a new Dry Goods and Grocery Store, for which was fitted up the AVilson Block-house, on Fort Industry Grounds. In the Spring of 1810, Jacob Woodrufflcft Griersburgh (now- Darlinuton), Pennsylvania, for Ohio, accompanied bj' his wife and si. Mis. Ceo. I!. Truax, of Detroit; ^Mrs. (leo. 11. Winter of lSL'Ur),langht the first School opened Standart and Mr.s. J. H. IJlinn, of Cleveland. within the jircscnt limits of Toledo, for the sum Mrs. Allen was the elder sister of _M rs. (Jai-los ofSldpcr month (hoarding himself), continu- t'olton, of Toledo. Mr. and J\I rs. Allen were ing the same for two winters. Jn the Summer among the cai'liest settlers of the ]\laumee of 1S27, Mr. Allen and family i-cnioved to Valley-, having come hei-e in lM(i, 72 jears J\Iom'oe, Michigan, going by' tlio Alaumec aL'O, and tirst settled si.\ mihvs above Maumee Packet, and s|)ending four days in the trip. c;ily, at Kocho do Pont, now Waterville, where On removing to Alonroc, Mr. Allen was made Ml'. Allen 0})ened a, small trade with the (Jlerk of the Michigan Territorial fjegislative Indians. Several other families came at the Council, holding that office until his death by same time and in the same vessel, among whom cholera, in 1834. Mrs. Allen was a woman of were those of .lacol) Wilkison, Elijah Ciinn, rare jiersonal (pialities, wliich enabled bei- to t'harlesCunn and Christopher tiunn. Minerva, ]iass through the sevci'e trials of jiioncer life eldvst daughter of Elijah Cunn, married David with heroic firmness and earnest activity, meet- Hull, brother of Isaac Hidl. Elijah (luiin, ing all the demands of a largo famil}' and of Jr., married .lerusha Jennison, whose family many needy neighhoi-s. Mr. Allen was a man lived below I'errysburg. In 1818 Mr. Allen of high cliaracter, and of the strictest inlegritv. i-emoved down to Fort J\Ieigs (Orleans of the The following memoranda of earl^' limes, >«'orth), where then were half a "- ii'id as we passed through the Village, lli.- Sticknev, and below him Wm. Wilson. iM'rs. !•" L,^'/ :'':",' ^ r! :\ H '"",''""'"" '1'"', ' '■'";'■';''■.' ,, .,,-' ,, ,. -i, 1, T,r w ,, ,, . tatlierl wliieli wuulcl please niiii ania/.inglv. What Hamilton Colton, with Di: Walter ( ollon, in j^ now chielly the track of Summit stivel", foi-iMccI the Summer of 1S24, made the tri]> to Detroit then a most charming ride tliiuugh a delightful and back in a, small Schooner, Cajit. Truman forest. The banks of the Uiver were hold, higli Peed, being three days in going and six in re- '"'.V"''^- ''',"'' ^'"; «™-^''>'' li'"^' '■''"'"■•^ '""l 'f'-i''*'' "f J - \t n u *i it- 41 ^ i> -1 Wild turkeys olten crossed our i)atn as we were nd- turning. Mrs. Colton thought that Dame i„. and diiappearcl in the woods. I had two fawns Murray came to Port Lawrence m 1824, and i,,,- „iy esiieeial playmates-each liaving a l.ell at- biiilt a house oil the Monroe road, halt a mile taclu-d to its neck, and were daily rompaiiions in from the month of Swan Creek. Mr. Fisher my iambics tliroiigh the wooils. The .stn-ets of \'is- came in 1825, and his son and Mr. Baldwin t"la hear the names oHginally given thcm-myself 1 ,1 i. , 1 ] , -,1,1 I-, naming l-atrrange. Ill nicmorv ol the home. Ill 1-iaiicc, opened the first dry goods store m that locahty. „,■ |,afavetlc. iVfajor Slick.ieV gave Summit Street ils Mr. iJartlett (brother-in-law of Mr. 1- isher) luime ; and Captain Allen suggested the names of all the same }t'ar came and bought Mr. Murray's the others. The Indians were uniformly kind and |ilace, that gentleman then moving West. Mr. hospitable. Their title was extinguished by treatv Allen, in t he Siu-iiig of 1 824, purchased of Joliii "'•'.^''.' -'" H'^" l'="-t. -^f, .",'i' l'""!^-'> ^,';''i'-:„V-V '','»' '^"V."-''- I ,;'n- I ,1 -. ,. I,' 1 , c... ,„, tonal < loveruor ol Michigan, iii Is,],",. 'Ihe ( aiiadian and W illiam Ilollisler, of Perrysbnrg, at !?...(»» i,-,,.,„.,, „,,,„, .,,,„, ,.,„„-tcons and obliging, and manv ]ier acre, 100 acres of land, now in the heart of ,,i their suggestions leganling the disea.ses then pecil- 'Toledo, and erected a log cabin near the Whit- liar to the country, and means to avoid them, were aker residence, comer of Monroe and Tenth ascertained to be valuable. Venison, wild geese, Streets, in wdiich job ke was assisted by the turkep .lucks, etc were abundant. In the Summer 1 , ,, , /I 1. "^ TT 11 i 1 1 - """ Autumn ot Ks.i.i, the feeble culoiiv, as well as late Carlos (oltoii. Unable to meet his pay- ,iie French and Indian.s, sullered much from sick- mcnts, this purchase was reliinjuislicd, as was ness. The liist wcei.ing willow transplaiitcil on this (itj4 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. soil, was bronhu'ed in the groun. Tlie latter had l)een the Whig candidate in Ohio and some other States in 1830. A meeting of .SO Whigs at Perrysburg April 26th, stood 16 for Clay and 14 for Harrison. The friends of Clay predomi- nated at Toledo. May 3d B. F. Stickney was sued in a number of cases where he had forfeited his recognizance to ap- pear at Monroe, to answer for violations of the laws of the Territory of Michigan, committed during the "Toledo War" of 1!S35. His bail had been com- pelled to pay the amounts, for recovery of which they then brought suit, and judgments were rendered in their favor in all cases. He had asked the Ohio Leg- islature to remunerate him in these and other dam- ages sustained from the Michigan parties. At Pierre M. Irving's suggestion, Mr. Osborn pre- pared an appeal to tlie people of Toledo for contri- butions for starting the Young Men's Association, for which a charter had been obtained, which ap|)eal, over the signature of " Pliny," appeared in tlie Blade. May 11th, is given a report of an interview with Adolphus Kramer, a resident of Manhattan, and since for 4.5 years a leading citizen of Hartford, alias Oak Harbor, Ottawa County. Mr. Kramer, himself a Ger- man, was a student at tlie University of Goettingen during the "three days' revolution" of France, in con- nection with which the overthrow of the Government of Hanover was proposed. In the spirit of the latter movement Mr. Kramer so largely participated, that upon its failure, he determined to seek his fortune in the United States. Coming to this country, he at first stopped at Lancaster, Ohio, where he devoted himself to peildling clocks, trading horses and making cigars — selling for $75 clocks which cost him f 1.5. He had a chancery suit at the time stated, involving the ownership of Hartford, and for services as counsel, was to give Tilden & Osborn one lot each, which then was worth five or six dollars, though during " the mania for Towns," in 18,35-6, such were " held at" one or two hundred dollars each. May 12th. On the adjournment of the Court of Common Pleas, Judge Ozias Bowen presiding, there were 350 causes on the issue and 400 on the appear- ance docket, which (considered from the standpoint of litigants, probably) Mr. Osborn regarded as " a des- perate state of affairs." The opinion was recorded, that " this County cannot pay its debts in many years. No produce was raised, and the value of Town property, until the public improvements (the Canals) have progressed, will not be of one-tenth of what it has been rated." May 22d is recorded the marriage of a mulatto, named Richardson, to a white girl from Norwalk, the tirst recorded case of the kind occurring in Toledo. The ceremony was performed by Kev. Isaac Flagler, Pastor of the Presbyterian ('hurch, and the affair caused an intense excitement, and no little feeling against the otliciating clergyman. The groom was an industrious, respectable man, and the bride (sup- posed to be the chii^f promoter of the union) seemed to act upon clear convictions as to the propriety of such connection, she being of a respectable family, and having a brother a student at Oberlin College, then the most pronounced Anti-Slavery School in tfie country. Mr. Flagler no doubt acted con.sciention.sly in the matter, but evidently against the prevailing sentiment of the community and a large portion of bis own Church. He was a" conscientious Christian; and although at that time in feeble health, he re- mained in Toledo until April, 183!), and lived till a few years since, dying at Bellevue, Ohio. It is cred- ibly stated, that during a severe malarial attack while in Toledo, fiis life was saved by the administration of 60 grains of quinine, that being 10 times a good dose for an invalid. June 20th. Mr. Osborn, on horseback, made the 670 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. trip from Toledo to Manhattan, for the purpose of ob- taining a draft at the Bank at that place, there being no facilities of that sort then at Toledo. But the Cashier had gone to Toledo, and the draft could not be had. The next day he went to Detroit to make deposit in the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of that City, and to secure a debt against the Washtenaw Bank. June 25th. Made the trip to Perrysburg, by Steamer Sun, Captain Calvin K. Bennett; returning on the 29th, per the Steamer General Jackson. June 30th. Daniel Segur, as landlord, closed the American Hotel, on account of excessive rent (some $1,500 per vear). July 1st. Rev. Mr. Muzzey, Unitarian, of Cam- bridgeport, Massachusetts, held services in Toledo, with about a dozen attendants. Mrs. J. Baron Davis, a superior singer, assisted by Mr. Osborn, furnished the music. July 2d. In consequence of the closing of the American, Mr. Osborn began boarding with Chester Walbridge, and liked it very much. July 3d. The Toledo Guards, a military company then just formed, had their first parade, with a band of music. July 12th. Went to Manhattan Bank to get New York draft for the Bank's bills ; could only get Buffalo and Albany drafts, at 4^ per cent, premium, and $15 in New York Bank bills at two per cent, premium. July 14th. Preaching by Rev. John Janes, then Presiding Elder of Methodist Episcopal Church. He was the father of Mr. Frank Janes, now (1888) of Toledo. August 3d. A great amount of sickness in Toledo, especially among the poorer classes. Large numbers, principally Irish, were employed in the construction of the Canal, and these, from the twofold cause of lack of suitable food and quarters and improvident habits, suffered very much ; while the public treas- ury was m no condition to render aid. August 9th. Attended the celebration at Tecum- seh of the opening of the Palmyra and Jacksonburg Branch of the Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad. Te- cumseh was then a pleasant Village of about 1,200 inhabitants — the houses mostly of wood, and much scattered. August 10th. Attended at Perrysburg, the closing- out sale, by order of Court, of "Marengo City," lo- cated on the River and between Toledo and Perrys- burg. Mr. Osborn represented one of the owners, John Miller of Norwalk (father of John Miller, who died in Toledo in 1885). Present at the sale were Judge David Higgins, General John Patterson, Rev. H. O. Sheldon and Nathan Jenkins of Milan, Direc- tors of the Marengo Company ; also, Charles Bor- land, of Mansfield, a stockholder. The lots were ap- praised at about $100 per acre, some higher, on ac- count of expected valuable "mill-privileges" from the Canal then under construction. August 13th. The Steamer Rochester was at To- ledo. It was then "run upon Sunday and Temperance principles"— lying by on the Sabbath and excluding the sale of liquors on board. August 16th. Visited Sharon, Michigan, with .1650 in bills, of the Bank of Sharon, on $500 of which the preliminary demand provided for by law had been made 60 days before. The Bank was a " Wild Cat " and without funds, but had the " paper of good men," which Mr. Osborn accepted as security for final payment of the Bank's notes. The trip 'from Manchester to Sharon and return was made on foot, no other means of conveyance being available. August 19th. Wrote several editorials for the B/ade— one on the "Treasury," and another in the interest of the Young Men's Association. The Bla— a result disappointing to the Lucas officers. As was the man- ner ot those days, General Smith signalized his elec- tion by producing a basket of cham|)agne, which, for the time, at least, materially mollified the feelings of the defeated ; but did not remove the informalities which would render his election void in case of con- test, which subsequently was successful. June 23d. With .Mr. Tilden discussed firm affairs. Had .some $5,000 due on their books, but Mr. Osborn, who then had decided to leave Toledo, would be sat- isfied with $500 as his share. June 29th. The la.st day of Mr. Osborn in Toledo. The partners divided their library and closed their busine.ss. He left on the Steamer Commodore Perry for Columbus, via Sandusky, arriving at the latter place at 11 p. m. June 30th. At -1 a. m. took stage for Columbus, arriving at Marion (60 miles) at 6:30 p. m. Here the stage stopped for the night. July 1st. At 4 A. M. again started, and arrived at Columbus about 4 p. m., making the time of riding 24i hours for about 100 miles. Before leaving Toledo, Mr. Osborn had made arrangements for going to Norvralk, where he arrived July 18tb, and at once resumed his practice as a partner of Courtlaiid L. Latimer, which relation was continued for 15 years. November 26th, Mr. Osborn and Miss Eliza- beth P. Hartwell, of Columbus, were married by Eev. Dr. Hoge, of the First Presbyterian Church of that City. Thence the couple soon proceeded to Norwalk, and there made their home until their removal to Toledo in 1858, which is yet (January, 1888) the home of Mr. Osborn, Mrs. Osborn having died November 15, 1884, aged 65. The articles written by Hiram Walbridge, and referred to by Mr. Osborn, appeared in the ^^rtde of April 3d and 17th and May 1, 1839. Mr. W. was then but 18 years of age. The productions fully justify the favorable mention by Mr. Osborn, and supply valuable historical facts, some of which are not elsewhere found. Among other statements, were the following; The site of Toledo continued in its primitive con- dition until the summer of 1831, when a small settle- ment was commenced. The following Winter the Town was platted, in lots of 4x12 and 3.x9 rods each. In the Summer of 1832, and during the year follow- ing, accessions of population were made ; a small wharf commenced ; a warehou.se erected ; and a building for a hotel enclosed. The Town, meantime, received the name of " Vistula" — from that of the River in the Southwest of Europe. " Port Lawrence" — about three-fourths of a mile West, at the con- fluence of Swan Creek and the Maumee River— had been commenced, anil the Toledo Housi' (of brick) finished. This season two mercantile stores were opened. The next Winter (1S33-4) this building was destroyed by fire. A Steam Mill, raised during tliat Winter, was completed tlie fcjllowing Summer. In July, 1834. the two Towns were united, under the name of Toledo. A press (the Toledo Herald) was established at that time, and edited by J. Irvine Browne. But one large Steamboat arrived during that sea.son (the Daniel Webster), though many small boats plied between Toledo and Detroit. The popu- lation of the united Town was increased to 300. The 672 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND IDCAS COUNTY. following Winter much was done toward clearing the land of its heavv timber, as a portion of the plat was cleared of the more serious encumbrance of a question of ownership. The season of 1835 was marked by rapid increase in population, business and improvement. This state of things was greatly promoted by the close of the " Toledo War," which resulted in the early location of the Canal, which hinged upon the boun- dary question. Operations, however, were not a little interrupted by the continued attempts of Mich- igan, through most of the season, to exercise juris- diction here, including the frequent appearance of armed posses, patrolling the Streets and vicinity. Mr. Walbridge, in that connection, quoted the Gibbon's reference to the career of an am- bitious man of another age, as follows : The march of Tarik, from the Boctis to the Tagros, was directed through the Sierra Morena, that sep- arates Andalusia and Castile, till he appeared in arms before the Walls of Toledo. The question was raised whether the future historian would make record of " nocturnal marches of those motley collections, who, plundering as they advanced, appeared before, not the ' Walls ' of the Western ' Toledo,' but directed their way to its very center and there encamped." The Spring of 1836 was signalized by two important events — the appearance of the Toledo Blade, and the completion of the American Hotel. This was the year in which the spirit of speculation raged most furiously. The Streets were thronged with people given up to the work of acquiring sudden wealth. Industry and economy were largely abandoned to the passion for greed, and "paper Cities" appeared on every hand. The population that year was swelled to 2,072 (ac- cording to a local canvass); with 41 mercantile estab- lishments, with Fall purchases of $231,300 ; six hotels, renting for $5,100 per annum ; six warehouses, whose advances for freight that season amounted to $.54,000; 35 mechanic shops ; two saw mills, using four saws ; two printing offices, two newspapers, one of which (the Oazelte) has been discontinued ; one iron foun- dry; four lumber yards; 12 lawyers, offices, etc.; three School houses ; 390 Steamboat arrivals, beside small boats plying between Toledo and Detroit, and 211 arrivals of Schooners. The united City was in- corporated in the winter of 1836-7, and its first corpo- ration election held March 4, 1837. FLOODS. The Maumee, in common with mo.st other streams of any considerable size and extent, has always been liable to overflow its banks and fl-ood adjacent territory, especially at the break- ing up of heavy ice. The damage arising from such cause has been much greater within the past 20 years, than previously. This fact, no doubt, is chiefly due to two causes — (1) the larger amount of destructible property which recent improvements have brought within range of such floods ; and (2) the fact, that in conse- quence of improved drainage, by ditching and tiling, surface-water more promptly and rapidly finds its way to the River from the adjacent lands. The latter fact has special bearing in cases of " breaking up " of the River after a cold Winter, when the heavy volume of water finds the ice in full thickness, unimpaired in strength, and thus more formidable for damage than when weakened and partially reduced in thickness. Various floods of note are recorded of this River; although, in early years little damage was thereby caused, for the reason that there was little property along its banks to be in- jured. The breaking up of the River in 1832, swept away pretty much all that was left of the pioneer Town of the Maumee Vailej-, the once pretentious "Orleans of the North," located under the hill on which stood Fort Meigs. At the date named, there was not there much of value — little more than remains of a small Village abandoned to decay and history. The flood of 1847 was verj' high, covering the Cem- etery at Maumee. That of 1849 carried away the Hubbell Warehouse on the River at Mau- mee. In 1855 the water was eight feet deep on the Island between Maumee and Perrysburg. The highest water then known in the Mau- mee River, occurred in 1849, in connection with the breaking up of the ice. At Miami, it tore the front of J. Austin Scott's warehouse nearly off'; injured Smith's warehouse some; drowned four horses for B. F. Hollister at Perrysburg : threw his Canal boats from their stocks, and ruined 400 barrels salt for him ; carried away Kirk's slaughter-house, the ferr3'-hoiise,and 15 head of cattle from the Island between Perrys- burg and Miami. March 7th, the water was much higher and carried awa}^ the bridge at Maumee, and completel}- destroyed the ware- houses at Miami. Swan Creek bridge at To- ledo was carried away. The floods of the River most serious in dam- age to property, were those of 1867, 1881 and 1883. In the former case the water (February 17th) stood at a depth of three feet in Water Street for most of the distance between Monroe and Elm. The Cherry Street bridge, then the property of a corporation, was carried away by the water. The Middle Grounds were com- pletely submerged, the water standing about 15 inches deep on the floor of the Island House (the hotel in connection with theUnion Railroad Depot). A few cellars on Water Street were at that time entered b}' water, and small damage caused. March 10, 1868, was an ice flood. Water Street and the Middle Ground were submerged. A portion of the Cherry Street bridge was car- ried awaj'. Two of the abutments were in- jured. About 100 logs jammed in under the South side of the bridge, having been swept away from Mitchell & Rowland's Saw-mill. Part of the boom of logs owned by David Smith, on the East side, was swept away. The flood of 1881, in its damage, was the most serious in the history of the River. For a week preceding February 11th, there was apprehension of an unusual freshet, from the movement of the ice then rapidly giving way several miles above Toledo. The main cause for alarm consisted in the heavy fell of rain during a large portion of the period named, which had both increased the volume and EVENTS AND PERSONS. firn strength of tlie (-iirrent and weakened the ice. Step by step the burdened flood moved down the stream, bringing with it, beside the liber- ated ice, large quantities ot debris of various kinds. About 7.30 v. m. of the 11th, the ice op- posite the upper jiortion of tlie ('ity began to give way. The first damage done, consisted in sweeping away logs outside the boom at Mitchell & Rowland's and Tracj- Brothers' Mills, on opposite sides of the River, in thatlo- calit}'. The ice — 12 to 15 inches thick — massed in large and compact bodies, moved with tei'- rific force. The Dayton and Jlichigan Rail- road dock, on the Bayou through which the water made a passage, was seriously torn. Four Schooners — the Mediterranean, Atmosphere, Dunford and Stalker — and the Steamer Eme- rald, were torn from their moorings and taken along by the current. The water rose to such height that it stood several feet deep in Water Street at Adams, and in Summit at Monroe. Water Street was the bed of a strong channel, in which passed immense cakes of ice, with lumber and other articles. On the night of the 12th, water stood in the Island House about five feet deep. Some 75 persons were spending the night in the house, all of whom were kept inside until morning, when a portion left by boats for higher parts of the < "ity. So sudden was the rise of water, that i^assengers who had taken berths on the Wabash train, had to wade to the car doors in getting to boats. The Penn- 83'lvania Railroad Bridge (crossing the River from Elm Street) was wrecked. Railway prop- erty' on the Middle Ground suffered severely'. For several days trains were unable to reach the Passenger Depot or the Island House. The Lake Shore trains, for most of the time, were enabled to pass East and West on a branch of the " Y," at the West end of the Middle Ground, leaving and taking passengers on its tracks, near the Broadway bridge. The lumber dis- tricts suffered severelj-. The mill of Mitchell it Rowland was submerged to a depth of 8 or 10 feet, seriously injuring the machinerj'. Nel- son, Holland & Co., J. B. Kelley, and Barbour & Starr, were also heavy losers, their aggregate losses amounting to S30,000. Merchants and other tenants on Water Street, and on Summit about Perry and Monroe, suffered more or less from inundation. In addition to the flood caused by the direct overflow of the River, was that arising from the backset of water through the Sewers con- nected with the River — mainly that of Monroe Street. The entire loss from the flood was estimated at about S1,000,000. The next and latest serious flood here, was that of 1883, which, in the rise of water ex- ceeded all of its predecessors, so far as we have record. It occurred in Februaiy, the water being highest on the 17th. At that time, the River was 15 feet abovetheordinary stage, and about three feet above thatof 1881. The extent of damage, however, was far less than of that year. The water stood five feet deep in the office of the Island House, being about six in the adjoining de))ol. The Wabash Elevatorson the River were flooded to the depth of five feet. The Union Hailroa - ■L."' ; -'ly --y. PERSONAL MENTION. 67fl have a bearing bj- biiii anrl tbe members of liis company. Subsequentlj-, takini;; the stage with M. Strakosch, with Miss Kellogg and the others for her audience, she rehearsed several of the pieces she had learned by the ear. Suffice it to say, that the result was all Miss Abbott could wish, and far more than she dared to hope for. The test over, she repeated her history and her purpose, when Miss Kel- logg at once told her that she had a superb voice, in which judt^mentM. Strakosch heartily joined. The result then was, that Miss Abbott was invited to a seat in Miss Kellogg's private carriage and accompanied her to tbe Oliver House, where it was arranged that she should proceed to New Yf)rk, with letters to promi- nent musical parties, which would secure her all adequate assistance in the pursuit of her ambition. In time a situation opened for her in the choir of a Baptist Church, and then in that of Dr. Chapin's Church. Her subsequent professional career need not here be recited. The ease is worthj' of mention, for the general interest taken in the history of successful pro- fessionals ; but far more as an encouragement for patient, persistent, hopeful effort in the pur- suit of a worthy ambition by the young, against whatever obstacles maj- be met. OBITUARY. John S. Butman died in Toledo, March 28, 1842. He was a prominent and successful con- tractor in the construction of the Canal, the late James Myers having been associated with him. Among their jobs, were the locks whereby connection was made with Sw'au Creek. Mr. Butman's residence had been for nearly 20 years at Milan, Ohio, during which time he had been a contractor on the Pennsylvania Canal. A son, John Butman, still resides at Milan. Ahira G-. Hibbard died in Toledo, March 8, 1842, aged 40 years. He came to Toledo in 1835, and soon thereafter engaged in trade, in the firm of A. G. Hibbard & Co. He gained a prominent and exceptionally honorable stand- ing as a citizen and a business man. In Feb- ruary preceding his death, he was elected Asso- ciate Justice for Lucas County. Micajah T. Williams died at his residence in Cincinnati, in July, 1844. For 30 years he had been a prominent and active man in public affairs in Ohio. While much of the time a leader in political matters, he was no less a leader in business and educational affairs. As early as 1817, he espoused the cause of Common School education and of Internal Improve- ments, in which he persevered until he saw both interests adopted and well advanced as State policies. For many years he was a mem- ber of the State Legislature, and was both Canal and Fund Commissioner. The Cincin- nati Atlas, at his death, said of him: " Ohio owes his memory a debt of gratitude, as one of her ])rincipal benefactors." Mr. Williams was closely identified with the early development of Toledo and the Maumee \'alley. He was recognized as "one of the earliest of those sagacious men who selected the point near the mouth of Swan Creek, as the best site for a Town on the estuary of the Maumee." In 1817, as believed, he advised the purchase of tracts one and two in the 12-miles Koserve, for the location of the Town plat, and not long after he became interested in those and other tracts near them. Theodore W. Bissell left Ijivingston Count}-, New York, in 1824, and went to Tecumseh, Michigan, or to the place which subsequently became Tecumseh, where he took up Govern- ment land, and was married with Miss Cynthia M. Spofford, daughter of Abner Spotford, who, with his family, was among the first settlei-s at that point — that being the first marriage of white persons in what is now Lenawee Count}-, there then being no clergyman West of Detroit and Monroe. In 1828 Mr. I5issell returned to Lockport, New York, where he remained until about 1837, and then came to Toleilo, where his brother Edward had become interested. Not many years therealter he went to Texas and died there. Mrs. Bissell subsequently was married with W. W. Tilton, who settled at Tecumseh in 1825. William Hollister died at Buftalo, New York, May 25,1848, of apoplexy. He was the eldest of 10 brothers. Accompanied by his brother John, he came to Perrysburg in 1810, where for several years- he was engaged in active trade, chiefly with the Indians, there laying the foundation for the ample fortune he subse- quently acquired. His brothers were all active men. He left a wife, the daughter of Major Coleman I. Iveeler, of Toledo. Daniel Swift died at Toledo, September 17, 1849, aged 38 years. He was born at Auster- litz, New York, in 1811, and came to the Maumee Yalley in 1835, engaging largely in conti'actsfor the construction of' the Miami and Erie Canal, in the vicinity of Toledo. Subse- quently he was actively engaged in merchan- dizing, and in all business, social, domestic and other relations maintained a position of honor and usefulness. He let! a wife and two childreTi. Austin E. Wing died at Cleveland, August 28, 1849. Ho was for many years a leading public man of Michigan, residing at Monroe. For several years he was a Delegate in Con- gress from Michigan Territory, and thus was a Representative in that body of the disputed territory now within Lucas County, including the site of Toledo. He first settled in Detroit, removing from there to Monroe. Stephen B. Comstock died at Toledo, August 29, 1853. He was among the earliest and most 680 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. prominent residents of Toledo, having gone there from Lockport, New York, in 1832. He was actively identified with the Erie and Kala- mazoo Railroad. Alexander H. Ewing died at Cincinnati, August 31, 1847, in his 45th year. He was born at the River Eaisin, Michigan, in 1802, from which place the (aniily re7noved to Piqua, Ohio, during the war of 1812-15. Subse- quently, he went to Cincinnati, wiiere he was successful in business, and where he became prominent in the promotion of moral and re- ligious movements. At the time of his death he was a member of' the Second Presbyterian Church. The Cincinnati Atlas spoke of him as amiable and ardent in disposition; in char- acter, strong and decided ; and in attachments warm and constant. Mrs. Ewing and two of three .sons (Wm. A. and Alex. H. Jr.) for some years resided in Toledo, and are now (1888) in Chicago. Toledo, March !», 1847, Junius Flagg, aged 45. He came to Toledo in 1833, and with Theo. Bissell, opened one of the first assort- ments of goods for the trade of white people. He had been a clerk of Edward Bissell, at Geneseo, New York, before coming to Toledo. He afterwards opened a store at Conneaut, Ohio. Soon after Lucas County was organ- ized, in 1835, he was made its Recorder, which position he held until the time of his death. Junius Flagg (deceased), Frank Flagg, and Mrs. Susan Bangs, were children of his. Toledo, January 19, 1857, George C. Hertzler, in his 28th year. Few j'oung men in Toledo have in so short a time gained the position in the confidence and esteem of the public, as did Mr. Hertzler. He was born in Marietta, Lan- caster Countj-, Pennsylvania, the (amih- re- moving to Vienna, near Toledo, when he was six years old. He learned the printing trade in the Blade office. In 184li, at the age of 19, he entered the Commercial Bank as bookkeeper, remaining with it until its close, when he be- came connected with the City Bank. His dis- ease was inflammation of the bowels, which proved fatal in 48 hours from the attack. Matthew Johnson died at Cleveland, October 31, 1861. He had for many j-ears been prom- inent as a business man, at Massillon, Toledo and Cleveland. He was at one time President of the Commercial Bank, and a leading citizen of Toledo. Under the Buchanan Administra- tion he was United States Marshal for the Northern District of Ohio. He was much es- teemed in private life, specially social and gen- erous in his aid to the needy. Colonel John Johnston was among the prom- inent men of Ohio for many years, and es- pecially in connection with the Indian tribes. He first came to the West as an attache of Gen. Wayne's Army in 1793. In 1800 he was sent to the Maumee Valley as an Indian Factor or Agent, with headquarters at Fort Wayne, and afterwards was made Indian Agent, which po- sition he held for the remarkable term of 28 years, his last connection in that capacity hav- ing been with the Wyandottes, with whom he negotiated the treaty in 1841-2, for their lands at Upper Sandusky. He was found dead in bed at Washington, D. C, February 18, 1861, while there pressing a claim of $15,000 for ser- vices as Indian Agent. He was 86 years of age, and was said to have been a subscriber to the National Intelligencer for 60 jears. Lyman Parcher died at Toledo, May 24, 1862, aged 57. He was a native of Vermont; came to what is now Fulton County in 1836 ; after- wards lived at Maumee many years ; and while there was elected to the Ohio Legislature, and held different County offices. Andrew Young of Toledo died in Spring- field Township, July 23, 1863. He had long resided in Lucas County, having been employed as Civil Engineer on the Wabash and Erie Canal during the construction of that work. He was a prominent and active member of the Protestant Episcopal Church and of the Ma- sonic order, both at Maumee, his former resi- dence, and at Toledo. He was also an active member of the Democratic party, and is said to have first suggested as the candidate of that party for Common Pleas Judge, in 1854, Thomas M. Cooley, then a resident of Toledo ; since an eminent Jurist of Michigan; and now (1888) President of the United States Inter-State Rail- way Commission. John Fitch was his success- ful competitor. Dwight F. Stow died in Toledo, November 2, 1854, aged 50 years. His widow, Sophia, died August 28, 1864, aged 60 years. Thomas Watkins, Jr., a prominent and hon- orable business man of Toledo, died of cholera, August 9, 1852. He was a member of the Board of Trade and of Wapaukonica Lodge, I. O. O. F., which bodies bore testimony to his personal worth. John D. Campbell was born in Woodbury, New Jersey, in 1824. While young he went to West Point as a Cadet, where he remained for two j'ears, and until by failing health compelled to leave. Afterwards he was employed in the construction of a Vermont Railroad, and on the Pennsylvania and Vermont Central Roads. In 1854 he came West, and under the Superin- tendencj- of James Moore became connected with the Michigan Southern Road, being As- sistant Sujierintendent of the Eastern Division of that line. He was also employed in the con- struction of the Air Line branch of that Road. LTpon the death of General Superintendent Sam. Brown, in 1858, he succeeded to that po- sition, which he held at the time of his death, which occurred in Boston, August 1, 1863. He PERSONAL MENTION. 681 left Adrian, his residence, July 23il, on u pleas- ure trip to Boston, being in remarkable general health and exuberant spirits. In such condi- tion (July 2i)th), ho arranged for a trip to New York and Saratoga, and retired at night. 8oon thereafter he was taken with severe pain, which seemed to be a temporary attack of colic, but which continued, with increasing severity, and terminated in his death, August 1st. The re- mains were taken to Adrian, Michigan, of which City he was the Mayor at the time of his death, where they were interred amid special and general demonstrations of respect for the deceased. Mr. Campbell was in manj- respects a remarkable man, and especially for his indomitable, persistent energy ; his excep- tional executive ability, and his extraordinary physical and mental endurance — qualities which alone could have directed with success a Railvva}' in the financial embarrassment which attended the Michigan Southern Eoad during most of the time of his management. Such was the fame of his Eailway service, that in 18G2, he was tendered the position of Military Super- intendent of all Railroads under Government control for War purposes, with rank of Briga- dier General. The position had special attrac- tions for him, but the Directorsof the Michigan Southern Road were so unwilling for him to leave, that he was induced to decline the ap- pointment, when General Haupt was assigned to the place. Mr. Campbell's hold upon the subordinate employes was remarkable, and al- though one of the severest of men in the exac- tion of fidelity andenegetic service, he was re- spected and beloved bj' all. Hisregard for them was shown a short time before his death, when, being told that his end was near, and asked if he had a message for the employes of the Road, he promptly responded, "Tell them I love them ; God bless them ! " About 1,000 of them, with President Gilbert and several Directors of the Company, together with 5,000 or 6,000 citizens, were present at the funeral. This remarkable coincidence is given in connection with Mr. Campbell's relations to the Railroad: Some months belore his death, he said to Schuyler Colfax, then a Director, " The Road is now about out of debt, and when I can give its long- suffering Stockholders a dividend, I intend to retire." This purpose was made good, for the first dividend for nianj- years was declared on the 1st of August, in New York ; and on that verj' morning, in Boston, Mr. Campbell surren- dered his trust to a power higher than Di- rectors. Mrs. Maria Waite, wife of Peter F. Berdan, died at Toledo, September 3, 1864, aged 33 years. She was the only daughter of Hon. Henry M. Waite, of Lyme, Conn., and sister of Chief Justice and Richard Waite. She was married in 1852, and had resided at Toledo 12 years at the time of her death, where her many superior personal qualities attached to her a 44 large circle of warm friends. She left a hus- band and five daughters, Mrs. Walter Shepard, of Buffalo, N. Y.; Mrs. E. C. Bodman, Mrs. Oliver Rogers, Mrs. Rufus H. Baker (now de- ceased,) and Miss Julia, of Toledo. James Dana Smith died at Toledo, June 6, 1864. Ho was a son of Col. James Smith, one of the oldest residents of Lyme, Huron County. He was born at Southington, Conn., Feb. 26, 1820. His business life began at Milan, Ohio, about 1844, where he was engaged in produce and commission business. In 1860 he came to Toledo, and engaged in the same trade. Not long thereafter, in connection with Capt Geo. Rogers, ho established a Shi])-yard at Toledo. He was a man of inflexible integrity and sound judgment. No member of the Board of Trade had a higher personal standing than had he. He left a wife and three children. George True, United States Consul at Fun- chal, Madeira, died at that place, February 24, 1864. He was born in Maine, and with the familj'came to Ohio, settling at !Mount Vernon, while he was young. Of literary turn of mind, he early directed his attention to letters. At one time he published a literary journal, the Genius of the West, at Cincinnati. In the winter of 1856-7, he came to Toledo, and be- came the Local and Commercial Editor of the Blade, and continued as such until the sum- mer of 1861, when he accejjted the position of Secretary for Brigadier General C. W. Hill, in command in Western Virginia. In February, 1862, he was appointed Consul. He died of virulent small-pox — being the only case of that disease occurring on the Island in many months, and not followed bj' any other. He had formerlj' been the subject of two success- ful vaccinations. Mr. True was a man of high character and exceptional ability as a writer. He left a wife and two children, who returned to Mt. Vernon. Roswell P. Ainger, for several years the pro- prietor of the Island House, at the Union Depot, Toledo, died there December 2, 1864, aged 58 years. Previouslj- he kept the hotel at Cleveland which took his name, and is now known as the Kennard House. Stephen T. Hosmer died in New York City, March 5, 1865, aged 58 years. He was among the earliest printers in the Maumee Vallej'. In 1840, he published the Maumee River Times at Maumee City, afterwards selling his interest in the same to H. T. Smith, and coming to Toledo as a "jour," emplojed on the Blade. About 1843 he started the Reveille, a Whig paper, at Perrjsburg. In 1849, in connection with his brother, Hez. L. Hosmer, he became a publisher of the Blade, but ere long went to New York, to act as proof-reader on the Herald, where he remained until his death. Christian Hertzler died at Toledo, January 6, 682 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. 1865, aged 72year8. Born in Lancaster County, Pa., he eamo'to Monroe County, Michigan, in 1S34, and settled on a farm, now the site of Vienna, which Village he laid out and named. He was a man of high charcter and special energy. David Anderson died at Toledo, January 8, 18G5, aged 57 years. He had been a resident of Toledo for about 10 years, and engaged in the book trade during that time, Gen. J. W. Fuller being a partner. He was a man of much energy and decision of character, a quality manifested among other ways, in a strong sympathy for fugitive slaves from the South, and an " agent of the Underground Railroad," as active fz-iends of that class were then called, several of them having found shelter at his residence in both Cincinnati (his former home) and Toledo. He left a wife, three sons. Mrs. Anderson was a woman of superior worth and usefulness. Albert V. Stebbins died in Toledo, Septem- ber 2, 1865. He was born in Saybrook,Conn., January 17, 1811, and first came to the Mau- mee Valley in 1837, as one of the conti-actors for the construction of the Wabash and Erie Canal, an important section of that work near Napoleon having been constructed by him. He then purchased and settled on a liirm in Henry County. lu 1842 he was elected as Associate Judge by the State Legislature. Subsequently he constructed the portion of the Plank Road between Toledo and Swanton, and was a contractor on the Toledo and Wabash Railroad between Maumee City and Defiance. In 1850 he was a member of the State Consti- tutional Convention, and in 1852 removed to Toledo, and built the block on Summit Street between Jefferson and Monroe, now known as the "Bee Hive." Judge Stebbins was a man of sound judgment, and an exemjjlary citizen. Mrs. Jerusha, wife of Elijah Crane, and mother of Joel W. and Elijah G-. Crane, of Toledo, died at Cleveland, December 15, 1865. aged 74 years. Samuel B. Scott died at Toledo, December 18, 1866, aged 54 years. He was born in Sara- toga County, New York, in 1812 ; came to Toledo in 1835 ; first engaged in merchandise trade. About 1846, in connection with Richard Mott, he opened an office on the dock, as Com- mission Merchant, continuing there until 1860. He held various public offices, as member of the City Council, and Board of Education, City Clerk, etc. Originally he was a Democrat, but became an active Republican on the organization of that party in 1855. His widow, Mrs. Marion L. Scott, sui'vived him until April 26, 1887, when she died at the residence of her son, Albert E. Scott, Toledo, aged 74 years. Luke Draper died at Toledo, October 17, 1866, aged 75. He came fi-om Lockport, New York, in 1884 ; was for a long time in the Drug and Provision ti-ade, and for some years was Associate Judge of the County. He was highly esteemed. His wife died in February, 1881, aged 81 years. She lived in Buffalo at the time that f)lace was burned by British troops in 1812. Darwin Earl Gardner died at Toledo, August 5, 1867, in his 4Sth year. He was born at Norwalk, Ohio, January 28, 1820. His father, Dr. Wm. Gardner, was one of the earliest settlers of that place. The family soon re- moved to Canton, Ohio, where the father died. Choosing the legal profession, Darwin read law with General John Gi'owell, then of War- ren, since of Cleveland ; was admitted to prac- tice in 1841 ; settled at Marietta ; went to Cleveland in 1850, and came to Toledo in 1852. In 1855-6 he engaged in banking, as a meni- ber of the firm of Earl, Gardner & Co. He in- vested successfully in Toledo real estate ; was a member and President of the State Agricul- tural Society ; and was Deputy Collector of Customs from 1861 to 1866. In 1842, he was married with Miss Elizabeth P. Putnam, of Marietta, who died in 1846. In 1852 he was married with Miss Sarah A. Williams, daughter of James Williams, of Norwalk. He had been for 27 years a professor of the Christian reli- gion, and at his death was a member of the First Congregational Church, Toledo. He was a man of unusual ability, and took an active in- terest in the moral and material welfare of his fellow-men. Mrs. Gardner and a daughter now reside in Toledo ; his eldest children, Wm. P. and Elizabeth, having died. James resides in California. John Poag died at Toledo, December 17, ^^ 1867. He was a native of Oliio, and an adopted son of Francis Graham, a pioneer merchant of Huron County, and subsequently in business at Ashland, then in Richland (now Ashland) County. Mr. Poag, while young, went to New York, where he rose to special prominence and success as a merchant, at one time a mem- ber of the well-known house of Kent, Poag & Company. About 1837 he invested in Toledo property, and subsequently built the " Poag Block" (Southeast corner of Summit and Madison Streets). Mrs. Poag died some years before her husband. They left two daughters and one son, John Poag, now a resident of Toledo. James C. Hall died at Toledo, November 13, 1868. He was born in Cincinnati, November 20, 1812, where he lived until his removal to Toledo in 1859. He was for many years en- gaged in mercantile trade at Cincinnati, having been among the pioneers of jobbing busine.ss at that point. He was one of the first, if not actually the first. President of the Chamber of Commerce of that City. Actively identified PERSONAL MENTION. 683 with all public euterprisee, he was specially helpful in the cousti'uction of the first Telegraph line to Cincinnati ; the Ohio ct Mississippi Railway (of which Company he was President); the City Water Woi'ks and other improve- ments. At Toledo his spirit of enter]iri8e was also manifested and speciallj- beneticial to the City. At the time of his death, he was serving on his third term as State Senator, in which capaeitA' his long business experience and gen- eral intelligence made him very useful, both to his immediate constituents and to the State. He left a wife (Mrs. Harriet O. Holmes, who died in 1887), a son, Wm. O., and a daughter, Miss Harriet Hall, now residents of Toledo. Gideon W. Weed died at Toledo, June 12, 1869, aged 54. He came to Toledo from New York about 183ti, as clerk in the store of Titus & Co. Subsequentl}", he was for several years years in business, and held different positions of public trust. He left a wife and several children, who still survive him. George E. Williams died at Toledo, February 7, 1870, aged (34. Was born at Long Point, Canada West, October 2G, 1806 ; sailed on the Lakes from 15th to 34th year, commanding the Steamer Thames, when burned by the "Patriots" in 1837. Commenced in commission business at Port Stanley, 1840, and became well known. Came to Toledo in 1862, and engaged in grain business, soon after being joined by his son, Edgerton R. Williams. In September, 1869, Mr. Williams, in consequence of ill health, withdrew from business, leaving it to his son. Deceased always bore a high position in busi- ness and social circles. He left a wife and two sons, and two daughters, and was buried at Port Stanley. Truman H. Hoag died at Washington, D. C, February 5, 1870. He was 54 years of age, having been born in Onondaga County, New York, in 1815. When a young man, he went to Syracuse, where he held a clerkship in a store and in the Canal Collector's office. Thence he went to Oswego, and was in the em- ploy of Bronson & Crocker, commission mer- chants. Mr. Hoag came to Toledo in 1849, as the agent of that house. In 1851, he first en- gaged in business, as the head of the house of Hoag, Strong & Co. In 1858, with Henry D. Walbridge, he tbrmed the firm of Hoagit Wal- bridge, which continued for some lO years, when Mr. Hoag retired from active business. Though never an active politician, Mr. Hoag was identified with the Democratic party, and was the candidate of that party for Mayor in 1867. In 1868, he was elected over James M. Ashlej-, Republican, as member of Congress, by a ma- jority of 912, with a Republican majority of 638 on the State ticket in the District at the same election. His service in Congress was limited to an extra session in the spring of 1869, anil a few weeks of the regular session beginning December 1, 1870 — affording very little opportunity for the manifestation of the qualities which he was believed to possess. He left a wife and two children — Henry W., who died at Toledo in 1882, and Mrs. AVm. L. Malcom, of New York. Frederick Bissell died at Toledo, June 6, 1870. He was born at East Windsor, Conn., August 5, 1799. When young h(^ learned the engraver's trade, but never followed it as a business. In 1827, he went to Lockjjort, New York, and engaged in the Dry Goods trade. Coming to Toledo in 1830, he became the senior partner in the Forwarding and Commission firm of Bissell & Oiardner. In 1844, he en- gaged in the Dry Goods trade, and continued the same until 1852, when he returned to the Commission business, which he continued until his death. Mr. Bissell was a bi'other of Edward Bissell, and throughout his residence at Toledo, maintained an honorable position as a citizen and business man. Ho never was married. James M. Comstock died at Toledo, July 7, 1870. He was an early settler of Toledo, having gone there in 1836. Throughout the 34 years of his residence, he maintained the character of an honorable and useful citizen in his private and public relations. He left a wife and two children. Calvin Bullock died in Toledo, March 5, 1870. He was born in Royalston, Mass., Sep- tember 21, 1829, being a cousin of Governor Bullock. For some years he was with his father in merchandising, but from poor health was compelled to relinquish that busi- ness, and in 1857 he came to Toledo, to enter the employment of the Toledo and Wabash Railway, in the Treasurer's office, where he remained until compelled to relinquish the same \>j illness, being at the time Assistant Treasurer of the Company. He was eminently a Christian gentleman, faithful and strict in meeting every personal obligation, in business, ill the Church, in society, and wherever duty called him to act. His was eminently of the stern, yet conscientious New England mould of mind and fidelity of conscience which brooked no compromise or dallying where conviction had indicated the right. Never obtrusive or otherwise offensive, he yet never swerved from duty. At the time of his death he was an Elder of Westminster Presbyterian Church, Toledo. He left a wife and one child. Frank Collins, City Prosecutor of Toledo, died Januarj' 17, 1871. He was born in Livings- ton County, N. Y., in 1836 ; was admitted to the Bar in 1861, and soon enlisted in the 104th New York Regiment and was promoted to a Captainc)' ; he came to Toledo in 1865, and iu 1867 became City Prosecutor by appointment, 684 HISTORY OF lOLEDO AND LVCAS COUNTY. being elected to that position in 1869. He was highly esteemed and left a wife and child. He was a brother of Judge W. A. Collins. Andrew Shurtz died at Toledo, September 29, 1871, aged 52 years. He came to Toledo in 1843, and throughout hi.s residence there he maintained an "lionorable and useful position, holding different offices of public trust, includ- ing Councilman, Street Commissioner, and membership of the Board of Improvements. He was carpenter and joiner by trade, and contractor and builder of many fine buildings. Alex. Bruce Brownlee died at Toledo, March 17, 1872, aged 66. He was born in Falkirk, Scotland, in 1806; came to the United States in 1832, locating at Maumee City, and en- gaging in the Grocery and Provision trade as partner in the firm of Pratt & Brownlee. In 1847, the firm of Brownlee & Pendleton com- menced business in the Canal Elevators, then just built on the River, foot of Madison Street, Toledo, since and now owned by C. A. King & Co. That was the first Steam Elevator Warehouse on the River, if not the pioneer of the Lakes. After varying experience in trade, Mr. Brownlee retired, and in 1857 was chosen as Mayor of Toledo by a remarkable majority ; was re-elected in 1859 ; and resigned during that term, to become the Secretary of the Fire and Marine Insurance Company, which position he held at the time of his death. He always sustained the character of an honest man, and enjoyed in full measure the confi- dence of his fellow-citizens. He left a wife, two sons and two daughters. Lyman Casey died at Toledo, November 14; 1872. He was born at Pittsfleld, Mass., Feb. 7,1793. In 1814, he went to York, Livingston County, New York, and engaged in farming, remaining there until his removal to Ypisilanti, Michigan, in 1853, whence he came to Toledo in 1857. Thoughout an active, as well as a long life, he had enjoyed remarkablj^ good health, and won in unusual degree, the confi- dence and esteem of a large circle of acquaint- ances. He left five children — Mrs. C. D. Crook, Adrian, Mich,; Mrs. John N. Stevens, and Mrs. M. D. Carriugton (deceased) Toledo; Mr. T. B. Casey, Minneapolis, Minn.; and Mr. Lyman R. Casey, Detroit. Daniel R. Stebbins died at Toledo, Septem- ber 6, 1874, aged 68 years. He was born at Ft. Edward, New York, October 4, 1806. His youth was spent at Sacketts Harbor, New York, and he came to Maumee in 1835, whence he removed to Toledo about 1860. For many years he acted as engineer on several different Lake Steamers. In 1847 the Steamer G. P. Griffith was built at Maumee, chiefly under his superintendence, he becoming the Chief Engineer. The burning of this craft, June 17, 1850, a few miles below Cleveland, was an event of great afHiction and sadnes.s. She was a total loss, with her cargo. But the most serious feature of the event was the loss of life, which amounted to about 300, of 331 on board. Included in these were the Captain, C. C. Roby, wife and daughter; Mrs. Wilkison, mother of Mrs. Roby; and a Mr. Palmer of Toledo. The origin of the disaster was not clear. It was re- lated by an eye-witness, that when hope of suppressing the flames was gone. Captain Roby gathered about him his family, and the last words uttered by him were : " Dear wife, pre- pare to meet the worst." Then clasping her in his arms convulsively, and kissing her, as quick as thought he whirled her over the railing and into the Lake. He then seized his wife's mother and threw her overboard, then his little daughter, and closed the sad scene by jumping after them, all to take their chances of life, which wereagainstthem. The event always followed Mr. Stebbins with most depressing in- fluence, while the physical injury sustained was permanent. For some time after coming to Toledo he acted as Engineer at the Wabash Grain Elevators. In 1837, he was married with Miss Mary Palmer, who with one daugh- ter, Mrs. Joseph Paige, yet reside in Toledo. Mr. Stebbins was a man of uprightness and honor in all his intercourse with others. Drowned near Presque Isle, Maumee River, August 30, 1866, Everett G., son of W. S. Isher- wood, aged 15; Georgiana, daughter of Joel Reed, deceased, aged 14; Fanny Underwood, aged 13; and Florence, daughter of Isaac Rhodes, aged 11. They were attending a pic- nic of Clinton Park Sunday School, and were drowned while crossing the River in a small boat. John Sinclair died at Oakland, California, March 3, 1875. He was a native of Ireland, and was born in 1825. Coming to the LTnited States in 1826, the family- settled at Monroe, Michigan. In 1847 he came to Toledo, and be- came the book-keejjer of Alonzo Godard. Sub- sequently, he was engaged in Commission business with G. R. Williams, and subsequently with Matthew Brown, the latter partnership terminating in 1874. In his business relations, Mr. Sinclair ever maintained an honorable position and displayed exceptional ability. It was in the public offices filled by him, that he gained his chief prominence. In the City Council from 1859 to 1863, and again from 1867 to 1873, he was a leading member of that body, most of the time acting as President of the same. In 1867-8, he served a term as Repre- sentative of Lucas County in the Ohio Legis- lature. He was actively identified with the Board of Trade, of which he was at one time the President; and also with the Toledo Library Association. In 1852 Mr. Sinclair was married with Miss Anna Perigo, of Toledo, who, with two of five children, yet survive PERSONAL MENTION. Iiiin, as also do four sisters — Mrs. John Benlan, Mrs. John Cumiiiiiigs. Mrs. Dr. Gilbert Oliail- dock, and Miss Emma Sinclair. Mr. Sinclair's remains were buried in Toledo, when special recognition of his meniorj' was made bj' the Board of Trade, the City Council and the Trustees of the Public Library. Thomas Southard died at Toledo, June 24, 1875, in his 72d j-ear. Born in England, he came to this country and to Toledo in 1833, where he continued until his death. He loft a wife and three children — Thomas, Jr., Mrs. Richard Ilallaran, and Mrs. Sanford Sullivan. John E. Carpenter died at Toledo, November 29, 1875. He had acted as Paymaster of the Toledo and Wabash Eailwaj- for about 20 years, covering most of the time after that Road went into operation. His death was caused by the collision of a freight train with his pay-car, some inouths previous to his death. He was 49 years of age. Mrs. Ann (Woodiwiss) Corlett, wife of Thos. Corlett, died at Vienna, Michigan, April 8, 1876. She was born in Essex, England, Janu- ary 22, 1814; came to this country with her parents in 1824 ; was married in 1833 ; came to Toledo in 1834, which was her home until 1872, when, with her husband, she went to Vienna. Of her 12 children, four survive her — Frank, John, William and Sophia. She was buried at Toledo, the services being held at AVestminster Church, of which she was a member. Mrs. Sarah O., wife of Thomas Hamilton, Sen., died in Toledo, June 28,1872, She was the daughter of George Standart, and was born at New Hartford, Oneida County, New York, Ma}' 18, 1814. The family removed to Auburn in 1819. In July, 1830, deceased was married and came to Jlilan, Ohio, where she remained until 1861, when, with her husband, she came to Toledo, remaining here until her death. Thomas Hamilton, Sen., died at Toledo, Sep- tember 16, 187G. He was born at Granville, Washington County, New York, in May, 1810 ; came from Buffalo to Milan, Ohio, in 1832, and soon became a member of the prominent firm of Standart, Hamilton k Co. (an elder brother, Daniel Hamilton and Needham M. Standart being partners). In connection with that firm, and much more in his personal efforts, the deceased contributed largely to the remarkable advance made by Milan, both in improvements and growth and in general in- fluence. His exceptional intelligence and pub- lic spirit enabled him to accomplish much, in all departments of activity, A man of the strictest views and habits, his example as well as precept were ever on the side of sound prin- ciples in morals and business. His services were almost constantly in requsition in local affairs. He was elected State Senator in 1847, for the Counties of Brie and Huron, and de- clined a re-election. He came to Toledo in 1861, He left seven children, all of whom are now living — Thomas, Jr., of Denver, Colorado: J. Kent, of Toledo ; Robert W,, Frederick, Charles and Marj', of San Diego, California ; and Mrs. Lucj- Durfee, of Decatur, Illinois, Daniel Segur died at Toledo, September 5, 1876. Ho was born in Herkimer County, New York, in 1812. In 1815, the family removed to Oneida Count}-, same State, the father engaging in milling. In 1827, the father died, when Daniel went to Utica for employment, as clerk in a hotel. Thence he went to Buffalo, for like employment, and in 1832, he and a brother became jjroprietors of the Mansion House at Cleveland, A year later (1833), he came to Toledo and opened the Mansion House, on Summit Street, between Locust and Lagrange. Not long thereafter he became proprietor of the American Hotel, corner of Summit and Elm Streets (burned in 1861), Much of Mr, Segur's life was spent in public positions of various kinds. In 1838 he was elected to the City Council, and his connection with the City Government, with brief intervals, was con- tinued to the year of his death. In 1845 he was appointed Collector of Canal tolls ; and in 1858, Deputy Collector of Customs, He acted with the AVhig party until 1855, from which time he was identified with the Democrats, in both of which relations he was active and in- fluential. He left a wife (Mrs. Rosa L. Segur), a son (Daniel, Jr.) and u daughter, Fannie, Mrs. George W. Foster, now manager of the Erie Telegraph and Telephone Exchange at Dallas, Texas, Rev, Samuel M. Beatty was born at Hagers- town, Maryland, December 8, 1804. With only a meagre education, he learned the trade of a coppersmith, which he followed until 1840, when ho entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and came to Northern Ohio, where he spent the balance of his life in pro- fessional service. For several years he acted as Pastor to the Seamen's Friend Society at Cleveland, and for a long time was in the itin- erancy. In 1868, he came to Toledo to take charjjeofthe Bethel work, including Seamen and Railroad employes, which was his work until his death, November 22, 1876. The occa- sion was marked by very general expression of respect for his memory, especially on the part of the clergy of the City and the Produce Ex- change. He left a wife and one daughter. Colonel Daniel Chase, IT, S, A,, died in To- ledo, June 24, 1877, aged 76 years. He came to the Maumee River in 1834, and purchased about 12,000 acres of land, a considerable por- tion of which is now within the City ol Toicdo, With s]H'cial taste for the military, he early be- came active!}' identified with the State Militia, and was appointed a Major tieneral. He raised fiRfi HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND f.rCAS COUNTY. a Compari}- of Volunteers for the Mexican War in 1846, which he commanded, being wounded at the storming of Chapultepee. At the close of that war. upon recommendation of General Winfield Scott, ho was appointed as Colonel in the Regular Arm_y, and was serving as such under the Bebel General Twiggs, when that officer's command was broken up bj- his trea- son. On his way North Colonel Chase partic- ipated in the battle of Wilson's Creek, and was neai' General Lyon at the time he fell. After- wards he was appointed Major, and served in the Vicksburg campaign on the staff of General McTherson, and commanded a Eegiment in the assault on that stronghold, when he was again wounded. At the close of the War he was placed on the retired list, with rank of Colonel, being then 64 years old. He never was mar- ried. He was a brother of Dr. James L. Chase of Toledo. David Burgert died in Toledo, March 30, 1877, aged 81 years. Born in Pennsylvania, with the family he came to Canton, Ohio, in 1812. In 1820 he was married with Miss Eleanor Huet. Subsequently he lived in Paris, Stark County, in Coshocton County and in Cuj'ahoga County, whence, in 1807, he came to Toledo, living with his youngest daughter, Mi-s. George W. Hart, until his death. Mrs. Burgert died in 1840, leaving six sons (includ- ing Adam Burgert) and six daughters. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Edwin Avery, Sen., died at Toledo, July 24, 1878. Born in New London, Connecticut, he went to Rochester, New York, whence he came to Toledo in 1842. The next year he estab- lished a line of Boats on the Wabash and Brie Canal, between Toledo and Lafayette, his Boat, " Harry of the West," making the first passage through the Eastern Division of the Canal. In 1848 he established an Express between Toledo and Adrian, being the first business of the kind done on a Western Railroad. Hb was among the California " '49-ers," making the passage overland in 1849, and remaining there until 1858. He is said to have started the first drays used in Toledo. For nine years he was Grain Inspector at the Wabash Elevators, continuing as such until incapacitated by the failure of his eyesight. Mrs. Avery, with seven children, still survive him — the latter being Elias, Edwin and John G., of Toledo ; Fred., of Adrian ; Mrs. Andrew Shurtz, Mrs. James Cauneffand Mrs. Scott Hitchens, of Toledo. Mr. Avery was a man of unusual energy and enterprise, and ever was held in high respect by his acquaintances. William H. Merritt was born in Brunswick County, Virginia, and with his parents came to Columbus, Ohio. When 18 years of age, he settled at Maumee City, and sub.sequently opened a Barber Shop at that point, which was the first, or among the first of the kind estab- lished there. About 1853, he removed to Toledo, where for many years he pursued the same business, until his death in 1879. His shop (59J Summit Street), for many yeai's was the favorite resort of those seeking tousorial service, while Mr. Merritt maintained a credit- able position with all classes of citizens, and one of influence with his own race. At the May Term of Lucas County Common Pleas, 187-, he served as Juryman, being, as believed, the first colored citizen serving in that capacitj- in Ohio. His memory is held in high respect by a large circle of acquaintances. Salter Cleveland was liorn in Massachusetts in 1798. Coming West, he first made his home at Tecumseh, Michigan, where he kept a Livery Stable for several years. Ho was in that busi- ness during; the " Toledo War " (1835), and was employed to bring Governor Mason, Judge Ross Wilkins of the United States Court, and General Joseph W. Brown to Toledo, at the time the Michigan forces visited that place. In 1844, Mr. Cleveland came to Toledo, and estab- lished the first distinct Livery Stable in the City, at the barn of the old American Hotel, then kept by Colonel John McKenster, corner of Summit and Elm Streets, soon removing to the vicinity of the Indiana House, corner of Summit and Perry. He was in the business for several years. In 1847 he ran the Indiana House, at which time he employed the first Omnibus used in Toledo. Mr. Cleveland, at the advanced age of 88 years, died in Toledo, in June, 1887. He had been for a long period of time an active and earnest advocate of sound moral and religious principles. CHARLES AUGUSTUS CRANE was born in Boardmau, Trumbull County, Ohio, June 11,1817. His father, Joseph Harmon Crane, was of the old Connecticut stock, and was born September 24, 1793, and died in July, 1849. The subject of this sketch attended the Dis- trict Schools of Boardman, from the time he was old enough until he was 15 j^ears of age, meanwhile working on his father's farm. In 1832, the family removed to Port Lawrence (Toledo), when Charles, fancying the Sailor's life, secured a position on a Lake Vessel, and continued there for two years. Satisfied with such experience, in 1834 he was employed in a store in Toledo. Remaining there for two years, he entered the service of the Warehouse and Transportation Compan}-, continuing with it until 1839. Then, with the late Lyman Wheel- er, he formed the firm of Wheeler & Crane, Recti- fiers and Grocers, whose store was on Monroe Street. In 1841, selling his interest to Mr. Wheeler, he returned to the Transportation business, continuing therein until 1845. For two years thereafter he was in the Banking House of Prentice, Dow & Co. In 1847, he engaged as Clerk with Thomas Watkins & Co., Commis- C^>^^^i^ C^ii^^ULeZcJ^ (TOOiM) PERSONA r. MENTION. (1S7 sion ami Transportution Agents. Roinaiiiing tliere until 185:!, ho then removed to the East side of the River, and for 10 years was there engaged in farming, subsequontlj- dealing in real estate. For many j'ears he was managing Director of the Lucas County Infirniarj-. He was for a long time a Director in the First Na- tional Bank of Toledo. His residence continued in East Toledo until his death. May 25, 1884. Originally, Mr. Crane, in politics, was a Dem- ocrat; but from the outbreak of the War of the Rebellion, he was actively identified with the Republican party. The funeral was attended by many of his old fi'iends. As a mark of special respect. Ford Post, Grand Army of the Republic, was represented by 40 members in a body. The pall- bearers were V. H. Ketcham, Dora Tracy, David Howe, Asa W. Maddocks, H.J. Hayes, and J. D. Chamberlin. The servi- ces were conducted by Rev. J. B. Schatf, Pastor of East Toledo Baptist Church, of which Mr. Crane was a member; who made just recog- nition of the honorable and useful life of the deceased. The remains were accompanied by a large procession to Willow Cemetery, to the purchase and improvement of which Mr. Crane contributed liberally. It was said of him, that no child ever met him who did not receive kind recognition in word, smile or caress; as did adults corresponding kindly greet- ing. Two brothers —George R. and William Crane — survive him. He was twice niar- ried — first, in June, 1840, with Miss Lorain, daughter of Dr. Fassett, who died in 1841 ; second, October 12, 1847, with Miss Mary A. Hill, daughter of Ellis Hill, of Jefferson County, New York, who survives him, and re- sides in East Toledo. No children were born to him. Mr. Crane was a man of fixed and positive opinions, and throughout an active life commanded the respect and confidence of his fellow- citizens in an eminent degree. He was a member of the Second Baptist Church, P]a8t Toledo, and was much esteemed for his quiet, consistent religious life. ELIAS FASSETT. The ancestors of Elias Fassett, of Toledo, were of Scottish nativity, and settled in Massachusetts in 1715. His great-grandfather lived in Bennington, Ver- mont, and served in the French and Indian Wars. His grandfather was a Captain in the Revolutionary War, and served under General Montgomery. For his meritorious and gallant service during this war he was granted b}- Con- gress the entire Township of Cambridge, Ver- mont. He was afterwards made Associate Judge of the Supreme Court, anil was recog- nized as one of the leading public men of his State. The father of Elias Fassett (John Fas- sett) was born in Bennington, Veimont, De- cember 17, 1769, but after the Revolution moved with his parents to Cambridge, where the sub- ject of this sketch was born, Januarj- 17, 1827, the youngest of seven chiMreii — four boys and three girls. His mother's maiden name was Martha Thomas. Mr. Fassett's father was a Physician, and followed the practice of his pro- fession at Cambridge until in 1832, when in June of that year ho canio to Port Lawrence and bought the section of laud which is known as Fassett's First and Second Additions, located in what now is the Sixth Ward of Toledo. The following fall he brought his family to Port Lawrence, where for the succeeding five years ho practiced his profession in addition to his labor in clearing his farm. At the end of this period he moved upon the farm, where ho continued to reside until his death. May 2fi, 1853. Elias remained with his parents, assist- ing in the labors of the farm until his 17th year. His School education was limited to the meager advantages afforded in this section at that early period, and consisted of three months' attend- ance during the year at the log School-house in the neighborhood of his father's farm, and one year's attendance at a Select School, then located on Lagrange Street, Toledo, in 183G. Mr. Fassett became a clerk in the Dry Goods and General Store in which an elder brother was part proprietor, under the firm name of Raymond & Fassett. Hero he remained for three years, after which he returned to hia father's fai-m and remained there until his father's death. For oneyearafterthis event, he was Check Clerk in the Toledo office of the Cleve- land and Toledo Railroad, noiv a part of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad. For two years following he filled a similar po- sition in the office of the Wabash Railroad, and for three years was Freight Foreman for the same Road. The latter period of service ter- minated Mr. Fassett's connection with Rail- roading, since which dale he has lived u])on a portion of the original purchase of his father in 1832, and has devoted his time to (arming and dealing in real estate. The rapid growth of the City of Toledo has greatly enhanced the value of Mr. Fassett's property, a large portion of which has been converted into City building lots. At the time of its purchase it was an uncul- tivated tract, covered with woods, upon which for many years stood a log-house, the home of Dr. Fassett and family. Mr. Fassett's father and an elder brother were the proprietors of the first Tavern erected in the Fall of 1832, on tiie West side of Summit Street, ne^' Locust Street, a portion of the City at that time known as Vistula. Upon the same site was aftcn'wards erected a hotel, known a8 the Mansion House, and later as the Franklin House. James Irvine Browne, the publisher of the fii'st newspaper in Toledo, boanled with Mr. Fassett's father in 1834. The first edition of his paper published during that jear was de- livered by young Fassett, who has a distinct recollection of its appearance and the primitive manner in which it was printed. "To Mr. fiSR HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Browne," says Mr. Passett, " is due the credit of first sugijesting the name for the present City of Toledo." Mr. Fassett was married May 7, 1857, to Mary Elizabeth Wales, daughter of Philander Wales, an early settler in this section. Three children have been born to them — Mary Alena, born March 22, 1858; Mabel, born October 29, 1868, and John Elias, born November 4, 1862, who died in infancy. Mr. Fassett is a Democrat, but has never taken an active part in politics. For six years he was a member of the Board of Equalization, an appointment conferred upon him for his con- ceded fitness for the position, and without solicitation on his part. The duties of this office he performed with entire satisfaction. By nature the excitement and turmoil of political life are distasteful to him, while attention to his private business has engrossed his time and form more congenial pursuits. Mr. Fassett has led a quiet life befitting his natural taste, and has found iiis greatest pleasure around the do- mestic circle, where he is revered and loved. His business life has been marked by the exercise of the strictest regard for right and justice. In all the relations of life, he has proved himself both honorable and manly, and has secured the confidence and esteem of all who know him. tection, and employed men in the different divisions of their territory to inspect Vessels, and report their condition. Mr. Herrick was employed by this Board as Marine Inspector, his district extending from Toledo to Cleveland. This position he held for several years, and subsequently acted in a similar capacity for the Fire and Marine and Toledo Mutual Insurance Companies. For many successive years he was appointed Harbor Master b}' the City Council, a position he filled most acceptably. Mr. Herrick was married December ii, 1846, with Margaret Van Fleet, daughter of Jared Van Fleet, an early settler in Lucas Countj-. Seven children have been born to them, four of whom are now living, the others having died in infanc}^. Their living children, in oi'der of birth, are: Thomas C, born February 24, 1848; Mattie E., born April 17, 1853, now the wife of Elmer Shealds ; Clara, born April 16,1860, wife of Charles Beard; and Anna, born April 6, 1865, wife of John Schweikert. Captain Herrick, as he is familiarlj^ known, retired from active business about ten years since. He is genial in disposition and enjoys the esteem and respect of all who know him. For many jears he led a busy and active life in the earlj' River and Ijake navigation, and is now enjo3-ing a well-earned repose, surrounded by relatives and friends. CALVIN HERRICK, one of the oldest liv- ing Lake Cajrtains in this section, is a son of James S. and Martha (Sharpsteen) Herrick, and was born in Richmond, Ontario County, New York, January 19, 1819. In 1823 his par- ents came to Ohio and settled at Maumce. Here his father carried on his trade (black- smithing). Shortly after they moved to Water- ville, but while the subject of this sketch was a lad his parents returned to New York, and settled in Livingston County. Here young Herrick remained until 16 years of age, when he came to Perry sburg, and assisted his brother Elijah in transporting merchandise by team from that place to Providence. In 1837 he commenced his career in Lake navigation, by entering the employ of Captain Curtis Perry, on the Schooner Caroline, with whom he sailed until 1845 — the last two years as Mate. In 1845 he was made Captain of the Schooner Kentucky, owned by D. B. Smith of Maumee, a position he held for a year and a half For two years following he was Mate of the Pro- peller Globe, commanded by Captain Henry Whitmore. Ho was the Captain of the Schooner Alvan Bronson ten years. In 1852 he became Captain of the Henry A. Kent, which ho successfully commanded until she was destroyed by fire May 18, 1854, Fol- lowing this date he commanded the Scioto for two years. In 1856 the Marine In- surance Companies along the Lakes formed a Board of Lake Underwriters for mutual pro- MAERIAGES AND DEATHS. From the files of the Toledo papers have been collected the following record of early marriages and deaths of residents of Toledo : MARRIAGES. At Lockport, N. Y., October 9, 1837, Roswell W. Cheney and Miss Lucy W. Daniels Tlie bride was a sister of the Daniels brothers,"so intimately connected with Toledo throughout its history. Mr. Cheney opened a store in the City in November, 1837, and died there many ,vears since. Mrs. C. is now living with her daughter. Mrs. Enierv D. Potter, jr. At Cleveland, October.'i, 18.37, 11. A, Acklcy, M, D., of Toledo, and Miss Sophia S. Howell, of Willoughbv. October 3,1837, at Troy, N. Y., John" Jay Newcomb, of To- ledo, and Miss Mary Marshall. October 12, 1837, in Breoksville, Ohio, J. H. McBride, Editor of the Miami of the Lake (Perrysbnrgi.and Miss Chirissa Patriclc. December 20, 1839, at bhioCity (now in Cleveland) Daniel O. Morton, of Toledo, and Miss Elizabeth Tyler, of the former place. November 20, 1840, William C. Blodgett and Mary Selden. January 15, 1840, Abel W. Fairbanks, publisher of the Blade, and Miss .\lice Holmes. AtTecumseh, Mich.. December 35. 1840, Mr. Arthur Hughes and Miss Maria Brown : and Mr. Samuel F. Lester and Miss Cornelia Eliza Brown, were married by Rev. Wm. N. Lester: both brides being daughters of Gen. Jos. W'. Brown. January 23, 1S41, O. C. Smith and Matilda McCartv, both of Toledo. At Toledo, October 24, \m\, Levi Snell and Jane Clyde. Toledo, October 2Pi, 1841, Chas. F. Abbott and Fanny T. Story. Toledo, December 30, 1841, Valentine H. Ketcham and RBchel Ann Berdan. Toledo, January 5, 1842, Daniel Segur and Lucv Keeler. Pawtucket, K. L, October 25, 1841, Rev. Geo. R. Ha-swcU and Abby A. Lord. Soon after his marriage, Mr. Haswell came to Toledo as Pastor of the Presbyterian (now First Congrega- tional) Church. Toledo, May 0, 1842, Thomas Dunlap and Jeanuelte Allen. Toledo, May 23, 1847, Harrison H. Dodd and Ann Maria Bradford. Maumee City, July 18, 1843, Denison B Smith and Mary Sophia Hunt. Toledo, August 1, 1843, John R. Bond and Eliza Peckham. Toledo, June 4, 1843, Wm W. Consaul and Priscilla Hoag. Norwalk, Decembers, 1843, Benj. D. Tilden of Toledo, and Jane Eliza Latimer. Toledo, December 27, 1843, James Murray and Elizabeth Valentine. PERSONAL MENTION. fiSO WilIoughl)y, 0., June R, 1W3, Emery D. Potter and Jfary A. C"ard. Toledo, Jan. 4, 1843, Geo. R. Perkins and Elizabeth J, Acres. New York, October 9, 1843, Chas. \V. Hill and Elizabeth C. Titiis. Toledo, Nov. 16, 1848, Robert W. Titus and Eliza A. Stocking. New York, October 15, 1S44, wight Nve and Frances L. Collins. Toledo, Sept. 6, 1853, John li. Whitaker and Catherine Mc- Donald. Indianapolis, Ind., Nov. 8, 1853, \Vm. H. Bennett, of Toledo, and Helen Rent. Bellevue, O., Dec. 2.5, 1853, Maro Wheeler and Mrs. Susan A. White. Toledo, June 6, 1853, John Sinclair and Ann S. Perigo. Hillsdale, June 16, 1853, Charles Pratt and Sophia Fowler. Seneca Falls, N. Y'., Jan. 12, 1854, W. S. B. Hnbbell and Laura Hoskins. Newark. N. J., May 2, 1854, Albert G. Clark and Julia .M. Ward. Delphos, Nov. 18, 1852. A. T. Stebbins and Elizabeth B. Colton. Toledo, Jan. 11, 1853, Henrv Merrill and Lcuisc M, Pheatt. Toledo, July 7. 1854. Daniel H. Nve and ICmnin 1>. Swift. Toledo, Nov. 28. 18.54, Wm. S. Williams and .Martha Church ; and F. A. Schmocker and Sarah B. Church, all of Toledo. Dec. 31, 1854. Minot L Wilcox and Emma Finney. Wareham, Mass., Jan. 14, 1855, Ira E. Lee. of Toledo, and Mary E. Tollman. Marshall. Mich., Jan. 21, 18.57, Chas. Pratt and KateSherring. Toledo, March 21, 1857, Marvin K. Draper and Christiana Kinney. Toledo, April 20, 18.57. T. C. Strong and Marian L. Freeman. Toledo, April 23, 18.57, Frank Braisted and Helen M. Fisk. Toledo, March 10, 1857, George Dakin and Jenny Keeler. Newark, N. J., May 21, 1857, Richard Waite, of Toledo, and Alice J. Voris. Lima. Indiana, October, 1.S.57, Dr. Robert L. Evans, of Toledo, and Caroline James. Toledo, May 7, 1857, Ellas Fassett and Mary E. Wales. Cleveland, June 15, 1857, Elijah G. Crane and .Vnnie M. Rhoades. Richfield Spa, New Y'ork. September 3, 1857, Charles B. Roff and Clara Manly. Toledo, September 16. 1857, Charles M. Mowburv and Jennie M. Blodgett. Toledo. Nov. 10, 1857, C. C.Rodgersand Catherine A. Dodd. Toledo, Dec. 1.5, 1857, Andrew Shurtz and Miss E. Averv. Toledo, March 23, 1858, Noah A. Whitney and Mrs. Eliza Eldred. Lafayette, Indiana, March 27, 1858, C. S. Tarbox and Minerva J. Tiramons. Stewartstown. N. IT.. .Tuly 11, IRW, TV. A. C. Converse, ot Toledo, and Mary Tibbetls. Toledo, Sept. 15, 1858, John J. Worts and Frances F. Brigham. Toledo, Oct II), 18.M, Albert S. Doolevand Gertrude Yardlev. Krennint, Oct. 13, 1858, .lohn E. Hunt, Jr., and Mrs. Virginia J. .Mitchell. Toledo. Nov. 11, 1858. Wm. T. French and .^blria c. Curtlss. Toledo, Nov. 25. 1858, Henry (i. stjindarl and Myra 1!. Allen. Toledo. Nov 2, 1858. .lames R. Tvler and Louisa .\rnold. Toledo. Dec. 2. 18.5S , c. C. .Schenck and Margaret P. Robinson. Toledo. Dec. 7, 1858, mnirles Dodge ami Calista E. Palmer. Toledo, Jan. 2ti, 1859. Dr. W. C. Daniels and Charlotte W. Haskell. Toledo, Jan. 10, 18.59, George W. Gove and Esther Irwin Rochester. New York. .Ian. 13, 18.59, Ebenezer Walbridge and Sarah .\. Cornell. Dccrmont, New York. Jan. 18, 18.59, J. II. Maples and Marv 11. Swords. Toledo, Jan. 19, ia59, E. B. Hvdc and Lydia R. Fitch. New York. June 28, 1859, Chas. B. Phillips and Maria E. -Tohnson. Seville. Ohio, Julv 3, 1859, L. A. Parker and Mary E. Dowd. Poland, Ohio, Sep"t 1, 1859, Isaac R. Sherwood and Kate .M. Brownlee. Cape Vincent, New York, Sept. 15. 18.59, Z. C. Plieatt and .\ugusta Buckley. Flovd, New York, Sei>t. 14, 1859. Wm. B. Thorne and Louise L. Mouiton. Onondaga, New York, Sept. 7. 1859. Robert Cummings and .Marv P. Woolston. Toledo, Oct. B, 1,8.59. Harvcv P. Piatt and Marv Oswald. Toledo, Oct. 20. 18.59, Wm. Chamberlain and Maria Thorn. Texas, Ohio, Oct. 26, 18.59. Cvrus 11. Coy and .Mary A. Roach. Toledo, Oct. 29, 18.59. Peter Faskin and Catherine S. Gilchrist. Toledo, Nov. 21,18.59, Russell J. Skidnu)re. Mid Nettie Raymer. Tolel. John Daibcrand Marv M. Thacher. Celina, O., Oct. 15. 1861. Eli M. Ashley and Sue E. Riley. Tfiledo, Nov. 1, 1861, Frederick Valentine and Clara B. Hoag. Toledo, Nov. 14, 1861, Thomas Bladen and Isabella Durell. Toledo, Dec. 5, 1.S61, A. W. Barlow and llattic H. .Mav. Toledo, Dec. 4, 1861, Geo. .Bulterfleld and Mrs. Sarah M. Russell. Toledo, .Tan. 29, 1862. Denison B. Smith and Julia E. Hunt. Toledo, .Tan. 30, 1863, Col. Stephen J. McGroarty and -Mary Knaggs. Toledo, Feb. 11, 1862. J. D. Dezendorf and .Mary A. Sivift. East Toledo, Feb. 9, 1862, Horace A. Thatcher and Caroline Waldcck. Cleveland, Feb. 12, 1862, Leverelt J. Bush and Harriet I. Wilson Toledo. .Vpril 30, 18ti2, .fames N Fahnestock and Tannic A. Morris. Toledo, Mav 21, 1862. Ja.s. C Messer and .Marion M. Lillelnnd. Blissfield, Mich., -May 27, 1.862, C. L. Harrison and Jennie E. Carpenter. Gilead, Ohio, Mav 1, 1862, Stephen S. Laskey and Mary Pratt. Toledo, June 16, 1.862, Augustin F. Machen and Constance Machen. Toledo, A\ig. 19, 1862, Scott Hilchens and .\))phya Avery. Toledo, Aug. |13, 1862, Edward P. Sprague and Maximilia Morris. Toledo, Sept. 22. 1862. Oliver Dean and .Vgncs A. Brown Toledo, Sept. 23, 1862. .\lanson Skinner and Mrs Ermina Pheatt. Tidedo, Aug. 18, 1862. Charles Palmer and Sojihia Schotiler. Toledo. Oct. 1, 1862. 11. C. Nicholas and Emma Edwards. New Bedford. O., Sept 1i>, 1862. tJeorgc W. Hart and Aman- da Burgcrt. Cincinnati. Jan. 15, 1863, .Teremiah T. Dewey, of Toledo, and I,aura Z. Henderson. Toledo, Jan. 20, 1863, John Richards and ICmilv J. Woodrnfl. Toledo. Jan. 6, 1863, Edward H. Bradslniw and Lillie M. llarger. Toledo, Jan. 28, 1863. Jidin Williams aiui Eliza J. Hicks. Toledo. Feb. 3. 1863, John H. Mouiton and Marv E. Scott Toledo. I'eb. 17, 1863, Francis X Berlanger and Ellen M. Kernick. Mt. Vernon, Ohio, Feb. 8, 1863, James M. Whitney and Imo- gene Nicholas. 690 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Toledo, Feb 5. 1863. Walter Hamlin and Harriet Blandon. Toledo, March 25, 1863, Kruderick C. Kipley and Frances Hall Toledo, May .5, 1863, Dr. Solomon Stough and Lizzie S. Car- Toledo, Mav 7, 1863, Charle.s H. Waite and Ella Stevens. Toledo, Mai- 2(i. 18()3. Robert K. .Tust and Emelia M. Stephan. Toledo, .Tune IS, 1863, Martin Bijur and Harriet Kraus. East Toledo, Dec. m. I.S63. Stillman Brown and Mary Fisher. New York, Dec. ■23,18ia,01iver S. Bond aud Clara A. Raymond. Toledo, Dec. 31, 1863, Fred F. Sanblani-t and Helen M. Miller. Adrian, Mich. Jan. 1864, Newton A. Marsh and Nellie M. Crit- tenden. Peoria, 111, Jan .7, 186(. D. N. Bash and Josephine R. Ballance. Toledo Jan 13, 1864, Jos, L. Beach and Laura C. Osborn. Iji Salle. Mich, Jan. 18. 1864, Lient. E. S. Dodd and Sarah E. Eouch Toledo, Feb. 24, 18i)4. M. H Gill and Libbie T. Ketcham. Toledo, Feb. 27. 1864, James D. Cook and Clarissa A. Town. East Toledo, Feb. 7, 1864, Rev. Ezra Howland and Olive Jennisor.. Toledo, March 9, 1864, Norman Waite and .\nnie E. .Swift. East Toledo, April 28, 1864, John C. Kelcham and Mary Davis. Dtiyton, Oct. 31. 1866, Edwin C. Shaw and .\lice Winters. Toledo, Oct. 1866, Henrv J. i;hase and Sarah L. Bailey. Bergen, N. J., April 17, 1.S6", Abram W.Coltonand Kate Van Horn. Columbns, Oct. 16,1867, Gen. Jas. W. Forsyth, of Gen. Sheridan's Staff, and formerly of .Maumee City, and Lizzie, daughter of ex- Gov. Dennison. Toledo, May 13,1868. Jessap W. Scott 2d. and Mary J. Monroe. Toledo. June 3, 18B8, Geo. C Pepper and Fannie L. Peckham. Toledo, June 4, 1868, Leandcr Burdick and Jennie S. Walker. Toledo, June 8, 1868, Wm. H. H. Smith and Julia W Griswold. Monroe, Mich., June 10, 181V*, Edward D. Moore and Zorah R. Compton. Buffalo, N. Y., Jan. 27, 186!), Frank S. Thorn and Georgia Ste- phenson, Toledo, May 18, 1869, Junius A. Flasg and Mary E. Haskell. Toledo, May 27, 1S69, b. M. Pennock and Carrie Eaton. DRESDEN "W. H. HOAATARD was borii in Yates Couuty, New York, November 3, 1817. He was a sou of Edward, his grandfather being Thomas Howard. May 22, 1821, the grand- father, with his sons Edward, Robert A. and Richard, their wivesand twochihiren (Dresden and a cousin named vSidnes), and a daughter of Sidney H. Nelson, left their pleasant homes on the banks of Seneca Lake, near Geneva, for the West. The grandfather rode on horseback, the families and small supplies of clothing and household goods being loaded into two two-horse covered wagons. In due time, over roads almost impassable, the party reached the then Village of Buffalo. Here, the grandfather, with the wo- men and children, embarked on board a 30-ton Schooner (name not remembered), commanded by Captain Anson Reed, for a long and peril- ous voyage to Fort Meigs, 14 miles above the mouth of the Maumee River. This destination was reached at dusk, June 17th, after a trip of 26 days, where they were cordially welcomed by the few white settlers at " Orleans," the little hamlet under the Fort. Dresden's recollection of the scene that met his view on entering the mouth of the River, about 10 o'clock A. m., is yet very clear to him. The dark color of the water of the River was in strong contrast with that of the clear water of the Lake. The scene of chief interest as they slowly passed up tlie stream, consisted of the white tents of Indians camped on the West bank, from the house of Major Stickney (near Bush Street), to the mouth of Swan Creek — the Indians being there on business with Major Stickuey, then Indian Agent for the Government. They were ac- tively engaged in racing and other sports pecu- liar to Indians ; but upon discovering the little Vessel, thej' gave one wild (to the pa.ssengers, unearthly) yell, and ran down the bank, to get as near as possible to the craft. While the boy was deeply interested in the scene, the women were crouched in deadly fear on the deck at such first view of the locality which was to be their home. The Vessel made slow progress up the River, with nothing to be seen but the primeval forest which lined its banks, and a deer and her fawn which had sought protection in the water from swarms of musquitoes, or from .some huugiy wolf In due time, the end of the journey was reached. The teams were many days behind the arrival of the Vessel, they having in bad roads — especially through the " Black Swamp " — more to overcome than the calms and adverse winds of the Lake. The real destination of the party was Tecum- seh, or Anau-ba (now known as Ann Ar- bor), Michigan ; but the persuasions of the Hollisters, Spaflfords, For.syths, General Hunt and other residents induced them to stop, when they soon were quartered in little cabins of bark-covered walls. Some cleared land was rented, and a small crop of corn, potatoes, pumpkins, squashes, etc., soon planted. With " dog-days" came ague and fever, attended by want and privation known to none but the pioneer. Several times the entire family was prostrated, with no one able to attend upon the sick. The frosts of October were patiently- awaited as the only source of relief to the sufferers; which season was made the more grateful for the abundant supplies of fish and corn-" pone," which it brought. The grand- father had little means with which to start in the new home. He first entered 160 acres of Government lands, where now is the Village of Woodville, Sandusky County ; but the Black Swamp proved too much for him, and he abandoned his purchase, subsequently selling it to Amos E. Wood, the founder of Woodville. In 1822, lands were jiurchased at Grand Rapids, Wood County, when cabins were built for Edward, Robert A. and Richard Howard; and in the Spring of 1823 they cut a road from the Indian Mission, eight miles below, through a dense wilderness to the Grand Rapids of the Manmee, and founded a settlement immediately opposite the Ottawa Indian Village of Kin-jo-i- no and Reservation of 12 miles square, at the head of the Ra])ids. All of the families, with the grandfather, lived upon their original purchases, cleared away the forests, and made for themselves comfortable homes (save Robert A., who sold his place in 1836, and moved to what now is Fulton County, where he died), and in due time were "gathered to their fathers," their bodies resting on the banks of the Maumee. within hearing of the never-ceasing murmur of the Rapids. Edward Howard (the father of Dresden) jS)pf]hm^^ PERSONAL MENTION. 691 was a Soldier in tlio War (if 1S12-15, as was Thomas in the Revolutionary War. The for- mer was at the battles of Lundy's Lane and Fort Erie. He was never rohu.sl after the War, and died in 1841. The mother (Nancy Haight Howard) survived him until 1881, dj'ing at the age of 84 year.s, and beinif buried beside her husband. The child i-en were Dres- den ; one brother, James Monroe, born in Yates County, New York; and one sister (Anjinette), born in Wood Count}'. James died in 1841 ; and the sister is the wife of Hon. George Laskej-, of Toledo. Coming here in child- hood, with Indian boys for playmates, Dres- dren learned the languages of the several tribes in the Valley, and became more or less attached to Indian life. His inclin- ations early turned toward Indian trade and the hunter's life. The fur trade with the tribes was then a lucrative business, and his readiness with their dialects made his services in de- maud b}- traders, who paid well for them. With others, he was emploj'ed by Government Agents in collecting the wandering bands for removal to their new homes beyond the Missis- sippi in 18/i2, and again in 1838. In 1832 he aided the removal, when they were transported across the country by wagons and on the backs of their ponies. For a boy, tiie trip was attractive. Scarceh' any settlement was passed for the whole distance. The Indians were located on the banks of the Osage River (now in Kansas), where is the Town of Ottawa, named for the tribe. In 1840, Mr. Howard was employed by W. G. and Geo. W. Ewing, fur traders at Fort Wayne, Indiana, to take a stock of Indian goods up the Missouri River, and open trade with the Omahas, Mis- souries, lower Sioux, Pottawatomies and other tribes inhabiting the Vallej' and tributaries of that stream. His father and brother dying in 1841, made it necessary for him to return and care for an invalid mother and his sister, and accept the more quiet life of farming and civilization, for which his previous experience had done little toward fitting him. His school days (from seven to 10 years) were en- tirely spent at the " Old Indian Mission," 10 miles above Fort Meigs, in a School of 100 Indian children — he being the only White pupil, save a few Indian and French half- breed boys and girls. That School was organ- ized by the Home Missionary Society of New England, and was closed upon the removal of the Indians in 1838. The tribes inhabiting the Valley of theMau- niee, and also that of the Wabash and their tributaries, at the time of Mr. Howard's earliest recollections (and for many years be- fore), were the Ottawas, Pottawatomies, Mi- amis, We-aws, Piankishaws, Shawnoes and Delawares, with a few of the Ochibewas and Muncies. The principal Chiefs of the Ottawas were Na-wash, 0-to-saw, Char-lo, Oc-que-nox- io, Kin-jo-a-no, Ot-to-kec, Wa-Nc-on, Wa-se- on-i-quet, and others. Of the Pottawatomies, were Waw-bon-see. Haw-beece, Me-te-ah, Win- a-meg; of the Miamis, La Fontain and Kich- ard-ville, with many others, whose names are not recalled ; of Shawnees, were Joseph and William Parks, whose Reservation was at \Va- pa-kon-nela. The Walkers (half-breeds) were principal men among the W3-andotts at Upper Sandusky. Tui-key Foot (iMis-sis-sa-inzit), was a noted Ottawa Chief, as was 0-to-saw. Little Turtle (Mis-she-kencc) ]iei-ha])s was the most noted, as he was the most intelligent Chief of the Miamis, whom, Mr. Howard thiTiks, lies buiicd near Fort Wayne, Imliana. Turkej- Foot was buried near the rock from which he harangued his Braves when he fell, pierced with a bullet from one of Wayne's Sol- diers, August 2(1, 17i)4. Mr. Howard's memory is stored with facts and associations connected with the aboriginal tribes with whom he was so long intimate. When asked by Governor Noyes, of Ohio, why he always s])oke with such special kindness of the Indians, he re])lied, "They have always, in childhood and in man- hood, treated me with kindness, and I could not be ungrateful for their uniform generositj'. Treat an Indian Justly, and you will secure his friendship for life. Treat him illy, and you have his enmity for life." Mr. Howard's ])resent residence is on the site of the old Indian Village of Winameg, Fulton County, where the former residents so long enjoyed savage life, and where so many of them found their last resting place, which is now carefully protected. The Rod Man has taken his last drink from the shaded spring at the foot of the hill, his last look upon the landscape so long his pride, and now sleeps nearer the .setting Sun. In the S])ring of 1827-28, Mr. Howard -then a boy of 10 years — first visited thai localit}-, and tliere ate his first bowl of hominy and roast of venison, and took his first drink from the pure waters of the spring. The Indians had just returned from their Winter hunting-gi-ounds in the jjine and sugar-maple forest of the then wild Terri- ritory, now the fertile and rich State of Mich- igan, where they had enjoyed asuccessful hunt ; bringing in a bountiful su])])ly of Maple sugar (of whicli they were fond). They were having their annual dance or worship of the Great Spirit (Chi .Manitoo), returning thanks for suc- cess in the hunt, and asking for a prosperous season to come. For the Summer, the women were to plant and hoe, while the men, beside lounging about, were to look for an occasional deer. Corn, beans and pumpkins are still ])lanted there; but not by the faithful, patient squaws of former daj's. Mr. Howard, with all his carl}' attachment for the primitive ways of the Indians, has not been backward in promoting the methods and means of_Christian civilization. For forty 692 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. I years past he has been identified, to greater or less extent with the agricultural, the financial, the political, and the social move- ments of the age, seeking faithfully to meet his full duty in these several relations of life. In promoting the construction of good roads, ele- vating the farming interests, and the estab- lishment of sound morals and general educa- tion, he has been active. In 1870 he repre- sented the Tenth District on the State Board of Equalization. Elected to the State Senate in 1871 from the Thirty-Third District, he served in that body for two years. In 1860 he was Presidential Elector, casting the vote of the Fifth Congressional District for Abraham Lincoln. Of all his record in connection with elections, that which gives him his chief pride, was made in the fiyht for the exclusion of the sale of intoxicating liquors at Wauseon, in April, 1887. He was appointed by Governor Foraker, April 1, 1887, a Trustee of the Toledo Asj^lum for the Insane, constructed for the State, near Toledo. Mr. Howard was married in 1843 with Mary B. Copeland. There were born to them two children — Osceola E. M., Civil Engineer, of San Diego, California ; and M. Agnes, now residing with her parents at Wauseon, Ohio. GEORGE LASKEY. July 4, 1833 George and Anna Laskey, with their family of ten children — Ann, Elizabeth, Mary, Susan, Jane, AVilliam, George, Jr., Thomas, John and Henry S. — left Devonshire and the shores of " Old England," their native land, shipping Y>er sail- ing Vessel at Plymouth, to seek a new home and better conditions in the wilds of America. Seven weeks of time was occupied in the Ocean voyage to New York ; whence the Hudson Eiver and Erie Canal supplied the onlj- means of transportation to Buffalo. At the latter point the family took passage on the Steamer General Brady, via Detroit, for Toledo, then a mere hamlet, where thej' were landed October 1, 1833, very nearly three months having elapsed since their departure from Ph-mouth. The father soon made provision for a home, bj" the purchase of the West half of Northwest quarter of Section two, in Washington Town- ship. The land on which they settled, in com- mon with the surrounding countrj', was a dense wilderness, in which a home was to be had only with great labor and self-denial. Three sons were born there — Stephen L., Samuel and Lewis; and there both parents died, when the farm was left to Henry. George Laskey, Jr., was born in England, August 23, 1824. August 31, 1837, he went with a sister, Mrs. Mary Scovill.to Gilead (now Grand Ea])ids), Wood County, Avliere he resided until the F'all of 1840, a portion of which time he attended the District School at Perrysburg, taught by the late Hiram Davis, boarding in the family of the late John C. Spink, and pay- ing his way by doing chores about the house and barn. There was then no School nearer his home than at Perrysburg. In the Pall of 1840, with Mr. Scovill, he went to Florida, Henry Count}', remaining there one year, when he returned to the " Head of the Rapids " (Prov- idence), and was there employed in a small store kept b}' Phideas N earing, with wages at $7.00 per month. Ere long he crossed the Mauraee to Gilead, and was engaged in Francis Hinsdale's store, at •f8.00 per month, of which he laid by $50 per year, until able to purchase 120 aci-es of Government land at $1.25 per acre, which in time came to be the foundation of a comfortable fortune. He remained in the store until April, 1846, when he became a partner in the business. This arrangement continued un- til the death of Mr. Hinsdale, in 1851, by whose will the widow, ,Mrs. Jane Pratt Hinsdale, be- came the owner of his interest, and with Mr. La.skey, continued the business for several years. As might have been expected, Mr. Las- key's known integrity and superior business caijacity ere long attracted attention and sug- gested him as a suitable man for public posi- tions, all which were declined until he was per- suaded to accejjt the office of Commissioner of Wood County, to which he was elected, with a large adverse (Democratic) majority, he being the candidate of the Whigs, and was re-elected to the same position. In 1859 he was nomi- nated and elected as the Rejjublican candidate for State Senator, serving for two years, and during the inauguration of the War of the Ee- bellion, when he was enabled to co-operate in the measures by which Ohio was at oncejjlaced at the front of loyal States in the prompt and liberal means provided for the support of the Union. But Mr Laskey's contribution to that grand object, was in the personal and more private aid he rendered that cause, i-ather than in his official action, wise and patriotic as that was. It is deemed safe to say, that no hand was more ready or more liberal, in the provi- sion of means for the support of the Soldiers in the field and the comfort of their families at home, than was his. The former were never without blankets or the latter without food that he could supply. Active and outspoken in support of the righteousness of loyaltj' to the Union, he was no less free in pecuniary aid of thecause and ofits friends — thus contributing to the suppression of theEel)ellion f:ir more, prob- ably, than would have been possible with him in the field. Like generosity has ever marked ills relations with the needy about him, hun- dreds of whom would bear witness to the help received in a quiet way at his hands. In all his relations he has been above question as to integrity. Mr. Laskey's business life has been chiefly spent at Grand Eapids, which was his residence until 1877, when he returned to Lucas County,making his home on Collingwood, near Ashland Avenue, Toledo, where he still PERSONAL MENTION. 693 resides. He retains important tnisiness in- terests at Grand Rapids, and spends a large portion of oat'li week among the people with wlioni lie has so long been intimatel_y associated. Mr. Laskej- was one of the princijjal projectors and aiders of the Narrow-Gauge l\ailwa3' from Toledo to Grand Eapids, now the Toledo, St. Louis and Kansa.s Citj- (standard-gauge) Road, including an extent of 46U miles. For this im- portant line, the West is largely indebted to the enterprise of that gentleman. Mr. Laskey was married at Grand Rapids, January 1, 1848, with Miss Anjanette, daughter of Edward and Nancy Howard, and only sister of Hon. D. W. H. Howard. Thej' have had seven children — Marion, Edward George, Howard Lincoln, Sherman Tecnmseh, Gertrude, Henry and Graeie, all of whom, except the last named, are living. Mrs. Laskey was born at Grand Rapids, September G, 1S29. Her entire life has been spent in the Maumee Valley — her earliest play- mates having been the Indian children of the neighboring Village. She knows full well what are the experiences incident to pioneer life in a wilderness ; and she also knows some- thing of the contrast of such life with that of advanced improvement, which she and her large family are permitted to enjoy in the same locality. DE.iTHS. Miss Frances Davis, aged 37, at the residence of lier brother, J. Baron Davis, Octobfr 51, 18.38. Mrs. ElizalX'th R H Lawton, aged 26, in Toledo, June 1, 1839. Mrs. Sarah C. Ho.-^mer, at Perrysburg, in .Tune, 1839, aged 24 years. She was the wife of Hezeliiah L Hosiner, then one of the publishers of the Mauraee Express. Harriet Tillman, wife of William C. Tillman, aged 32 years, in Toledo, April 9, 1839. Richard Cooke, a youn^ and promising attorney, Nov. 13,1839. Mrs Amanda Manning, wife of Gabriel Manning, in Toledo, Jan. 1, 1810. Nicholas Wales, printer, aud foreman of the composing room of the Detroit Adtertiser, died suddenly in that City, Jan. 3, 1841, aged 30 years. Ten days previous to his death. I e " rode the ex- press " with the Prepident's message from Toledo to Detroit. J. Avery Titus came to Toledo from New York City in 18.38, and until his death in 1841, was engaged in mercantile business (of the firm of Titus &. Vo.^. He was highly esteemed. Toledo, Julv 20, 1842, Harriet W, wife of Mnuson H Daniels, aged 30. Toledo, .Jan. 8, 1842, Mrs. Charlotte Hanks, aged .53. Toledo, March 9, 1.S42, Clarissa.'wifeof Mavor Brigh.am, aged 40. Barnardson, Mass, March 5. 1843, J. Baron Davis, formerly of Toledo, aged 39. Fairfield, Ct, May 4, 1844, Jesup Wakeman, aged 73. He was an uncle of Jesup W Scott, who bore his name. Toledo, August, 1844. B Spafford, Attorney-at-Law. Tremaiuesville, Oct. «, 1844, Mrs John W Collins. Toledo, July 30, 1845, Wm A Chamberlin. Toledo, April 11, 1845, Elizabeth J, wife of Dr G R Perkius, aged 21. Toledo, Aug. 10, 1845, .\lfred Gny, son of Ezra B Dodd, aged 14, Toledo, Jan. 27. 1840, Frances C, wife of Wm H Newton, aged 23. Toledo, April 1:1, 1847, Lydia Jane, wife of Joel W. Crane, aged 37. Toledo. March 13, 1847, Paul, infant son of Emery D, Potter, aged 6 months. March 14th, suddenly, Mary .\., wife of E. D. Potter, aged 34. Toledo, March 17, 1847, Rev. D. J. Burger, aged 33. Deceased had previously been the Rector of Trinity Episcopal Church. March 10, 1818, James S. Filield, while practicing with a ride in Toledo, accideutallv shot James Carter, who died therefrom on the 13th. Toledo, Julv 28, 1849, of cholera, James Clark, aged 37. Toledo, July 28, 1819. of cholera, Isaac Titus. He had just been appointed Postmaster at Toledo. Toledo, August 5, 1849, Ellen, wife of David Johnston. Toledo, August 8, 1849, of cholera. Deacon Joseph Windmill, aged 54. He was a citizen much esteemed, and left a wife and live daughters, of whom Mrs. John W. Walterhouse is one. Toledo, August 31, 1849, Frances A., wife of John U. Whit- aUer, aged 32. Toledo, .''cpleiubcr 111, 1849. Daniel .''wifl, iiged 38. He wiu an early .settler at Toledo, an active business man uud tt citizen highly esteeiued by all ac<|Uaintance.s. Toledo, September 7, 1&19. Mrs. Jerusha ULsaell, mother of Edward, Frederick. Tlieo. W., Leverett and Siclnev Uissell, aged 74 years. Toledo, SejitemberO, ISIO, Elizabeth B., wife of Charles B. Whitney, aged 24. Toleilo. .September 21, 1819, Jeaunette, wife of Major A.J. Field, aged 31. Toleclo, November 20, lH.'iO, Edward Fitch, aged 50. Toledo, March 15. 1853, l.avina, wife of S. B Roshong, aged 26. Solomon l.insley, a merchant of Toledo, died at .Meriden, Connecticut, December 10, IS.VJ. Brooklyn, November 17, IS,';:!, Edward F., only son of L. T. Thayer, of Toledo, aged 13. Toledo, February 28, ISiS, Elizabeth E., wife of B, Melllnk, aged 23. Wooster, Ohio, June 21, 1853, Eleanor, wife of Constant Lake, of Toledo. Toledo. July 19, 1853, William Kingsbury, aged ,58. He was a brother and jiartner in the Kingsbury house of Henry D. Ivingsburv, and an old resident of the <'o\intv Maumee, August 1. 18.54. Rev. Mark K. Jiikes, Rector of the Protestant Episcopal Church at that place. Toledo, August 1, 18.5-4, John li. Clark. Jr. Toledo, July 18, IH54, Frederick Kirtland, aged 70. Naixdeou, October IS. 18.53, John c Si>ink, of Perrvsburg. Toledo, December 2!!, 1853, Elias S, .lohuson. aged 36. T(.lcdi>, November 20. 18.53, Peter E. Latimer, aged 27. He was a law partner of William Hakei, and brother o( Mrs. Baker. Toledo, I ictober 10, 1853, .Miss Cliarilv Uromlev, aged 8.5, Hillsdale. .Michigan, August 4, 18.54. Sophia, wife of Charles Pratt. Toledo, April 3, 18,55, Mary, wife of K. F. L. Whittlesey, aged 48. Toledo, August 24. 13.54, Frances L., wife of E. D. Nye. Toledo. January 23, 1857, Charlotte, wife of I-yman Cross, aged 64. Cleveland, March 6, 1857, Cornelia T. .wife of Gen..T.W Brown. Toledo, March 24, 1857, Adelaide, wife of Charles H. Phillips, aged 24. Toledo. May 9, 1837, Dr. William (;. Scott, a prominent phy- sician and a valuable citizen. Toledo, June 14, 1857, Mary Sophia, wife ot D. H. Sniith.aged 34, and daughter of .fohn E. Hunt. Toledo, June 28, 1857, very suddeidy. Davirl liirrell, Chief Clerk in Freight Department of Michigan Southern Road, aged 50 Ho was a man of high character and much esteemed by all acquaintances Toledo, November 26. 1857. Joseph Thornloc. aged 38. Toledo, March 20. 1858, Elizabeth, wife of John Raymond, aged 60. Toledo. .September 10, 1858. Martha A., wife of Rev. E. F. Piatt, aged 34. Vernon, New York, September 11, 1858, Thcunas Williams. father of Rev. W. W. Williams, Pas'or of First Congregational Church, Toledo. Toledo, September 8, 1858, William H. Kctcham. Merchant, Jiged 28. Toledo, Dec. 22, 1858. Mrs. A. V. E., wife of Ozro OdJins. Adams Towuship, November 6, 1858, Matilda, wife of R . C. Thompson, aged 47. ■ Toledo, Jan. 17, 1859. Amelia, mother of D. B. Scott, aged 84, Toledo, Jtay 11, 1859, Captiiin Isaac T. Pheatt. aged 51. The deceased was for several years prominent as commander of Steamboats on the Lakes, whitjh business he followed until the Steamers yielded the ground to the Rnilwavs. Toledo, May 3:j, 18.59, Charles J. Wood, aged 32. He wos a young man of sjjecial btisiness capacity, having been for some years in banking with W. G. Powers and George Ilertzler. At residence of J. H. Whitaker, Toledo, .May 14, 1839, .Mrs, Jane McDonnell, aged 69. Toledo, May- 17, 183il, Irving E. Chapnmn, aged 29. Miami, April 18, 1859, Elijah Woolsev. aged 55. Toledo. Jnne 2, 18.59. Emily C., wife of Dr. I. N. Hazlett, aged 38. Toledo, August 21, 18.59, Julia A., wife of Geo, I.. Butter- fleld, aged 22. Toledo, August .30. 18.59, Alice T., wife of Dr. Valentine Braun, aged 21. Castlcttni. New York. September 1, 1859, Mary J., wife of Maurice A. Scott, aged 27. Toledo, September 16, 1859, Libbie T., daughter of Rev. D. J. Burger, aged 15. Toledo. October 17, 1859, Letttia, datighter of W. T. Harring- tod, aged 16. Pittstown, Pa,, October 2.3, 1859. Benjamin Griflith. aged 30. Tidcdo, October 29, 1859, Clark II. Ryder, aged 54. Deliance, November 3, 1.S59, Josephine \V.. wife of P. S. Slcvin, aged 29. Black Rock. New York, November 15. 1859. Captiiin C. H. Ludlow, aged 47. He wtxa a prominent commander of Lake steamers f(U" several years. In Toledo. April 11. 1845, Elizabeth, wife of Dr. G. R. Perkins. Toleilo, April 18. 1815, Harriet, wife of Coleman I. Keeler, aged 28. Toledo. Nov. 2, 1860, Mary S.. daughter of Richard Mott, aged 39 years . Toledo, Jan. 11, 1861, Susan A., wife of R. F. Russell. Toledo, .Ian. 11, 1861. June, wife of Thos. Southard, aged 58. Toledo. Jan. 31, 1861. Chas. W. Chesebro, aged 42 years. Toledo, Jan. 4, 1861, Dianlha M., wife of Eli Woods, aged 60. 694 HISTORY OP TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. At PnlTtivrn, Mich., itarch 13, 186t, Col. Setb. Pomeroy, aged 83 years, father of the late Geo. E. Pomeroy, Sr., of Toledo. Toledo, March 20, 1861, Ann Siucluir, mother of John Sin- clair, aged 57. At Cleveliinil, llav 25. ISil. Deacon Stephen Whitaker, aged 76. father of .lohn H. and Win. H. Whitaker. of Toledo. Toledo, June 10, ISiU, Kichard C. Fahne.«tock, aged 2C. At Erie, I'enn., Jnly 19, 18fil, Marania E., wife of James Ray- mer, of Toledo. Toledo, Augnst 19, 18lil, Mr.s. Harriet Field, mother of Jas. R. Strong, aged 05. Toledo, August 20, 1861. Eli B. Haskell, aged 83. Toledo. August 26, 1861, Catherine, wife of Albert Swift, aged 49. At Toledo.October 20, 1861 Harriet N., wife of John Stevens, aged S7. Toledo. November 1, 1861. Henry G. Powers, aged 28. Cincinnati, Nov 13, 1861, Sarah L., wife of Wm. R. Morris, aged 61 . Toledo, Nov. 14, ISC.l, Mary, wife of Lyman Parcher, aged 54. At Junction, Paulding Co., December 13, 1861, Alex. Backus, aged 45. He was a brother of A. L. Backus, of Toledo. At New Matamora.s. O , Dec. 13, 1861, Mrs. Mary Ann. relict of Rev. John C.Ashley, and mother of James M. Ashley, aged 61. Toledo. December 2:^. 1861, Samuel Sinclair, aged 35. Toledo, Januarys, 1862, Mary E., wife of Jas. L. Carpenter, aged 26. Toledo, April 5, 1862, Livona J., wife of James M. Whitney, aged 51. Near Toledo, Mav 6. 1862, Asa Williams, aged 80. Toledo, May 12, 1S62. Parker Howlett, aged 69. Toledo, May 6, 1862, Horace Parmelee, aged 66. Toledo. August 17. 1862. Milton Barrett, aged 35. Toledo, Sept. 4. 1862. Lawrence Doyle, 18th Infantry, aged 23. Holmesburgh. Pa.. December 27, 1*862, Mrs. Lucretia P. Mor- ton, mother of D.O. Jlorton. of Tole-:lo.and of Levi P. Morton, of New York, aged 74. Port Chester. N. Y., Feb. 17. 1863, Edwards J. Swords, father of Mrs J. H. Maples. Toledo, March 15, 1862, John S. George, aged 42 years. Oregon Township. March 23, 1863, Betsey, wife of Rev. Ezra Rowland, aged 63. Port de Pais, Hayti, April 4. 186:;, E. P. Walker, aged 40. In April, 1862, Mr. Walker left Toledo at the head of an emigration Colony for Hayti. They located in the vicinity of I'ort de Paix. He labored earnestly for the success of the enterprise. Factoryville. N. Y., April 27, 1863, John Barker, in his 54th year, lather of John J. and Calvin Barker. Statcu Island. May 3, 1863, Rev. Samuel White, father of Mrs. Calvin Barker, aged 61. Toledo, April 2. 1863. Peter Hart, father of Humphrev Hart, aged 63. Toledo. May 18. 1863, Emelia, wife of Emil L. Marx, aged 32. Toledo, Mav 16, 1863, Julia Ann Crawford, wife of Norman F. Haskell Toledo, Mav 13, 1863. Kosana, wifeof Patrick Martin, aged 76. Toledo, June 24, 1863, Patrick (irahara. aged ,39. Toledo. Sept. 8, 1863, from accident. Thomas W., son of Edwin Avery, aged 17. Lieut. J. M. Raymond, 21st Ohio Battery, only son of S. A. Raymond, Toledo, died of fever, Nov. 18, 1863, near Sulphur Springs, Tenn. Toledo, Jan. 26. 1804, Dodd Ingersoll, only son of 0. A. King, aged 5 years : also, Feb. 28. 1864, Mav, daughter of C. A. King, aged 10 years. Toledo. Feb. 21 , 1864, Julia Gregory, wife of David R Austin. Toledo. March 17. 1864, Cyrus (irid'h-v. aged 68. Marietta. Ohio, March 28, 1864, T. Ba'ckus, mother of Abner L. Backus, aged 78. Coldwater, Mich., March 29, 1864, Clara L., wife of Jona. B. Bliven, aged 47. Toledo, April 13, 1864, Experience, wife of Dr. D. P. Estell. aged .32 Toledo, Mav 2, 1864, M. K. Sibley, aged 52. Long Island, N. T., Mav 16, 1864, Samuel Mott, uncle of Richard Mott. Toledo, Sept. 9. 1864, Piatt Card. He was aecidentally killed on the Middle Cxniuud in that City, being run over by a locomo- tive. He was one of the oldest residents of Toledo, and a prom- inent man in its business circles. Lucien B. Hemcnwav came to Toledo in 1855. and was em- ployed in the Freight orfice of the Cleveland and Toledo (now Lake Shore) Railroad. Subsequentlv. he becanu> the Toledo .\gent for the Road, holdicg that position until his death. No- vember 3, 1864. He was 41 years of age, and it man of i>ure life, enjoying the confidence of all acquaiutauces. His widow (Jlrs. Mary D. Hemcnway) now (18.s8) resides in New England. (feorge A Carpenter, died in Toledo, Oct. 12, 1866. Joseph Coghlin, Oct. iS. 1866, Toledo, aged 54. Toledo, January 1, 1867, Emma P., wife of Daniel H. Nye, aged 32. Newstead, N. Y.. Jan. 14, 1867. Mrs. Sarah H. Burnham, mother of Mrs. Matthew Brown, of Toledo. Caijtain Gilman .\pplcby, one of the oldest commanders of Lake crafts, died in Buftalo, in February, 1867. Toledo, July 28, 1867, Sophia A., wife of Marshall Burton. She was a woman of unusual force of character, and throughout her active life prominent in social and religious circles, and highly esteemed. She left a husband, three sons and three daughters. January 6, 1868, E. Gussie Perrin, daughter of E. \V. Perrin, aged 19. Mrs. B. L., wife of S. P. Halsey, Toledo, died Feb. 16, 1868. Sarah H., wife of James L. Smith, Toledo, March 2, 1868. JAMES MYERS was born in Juue, 1795, in Dutcliess County. New York, of German ances- try. While he was j'oung, his parents moved to Albany, and soon thereafter to Schenectadj-, where his boyhood days were passed. Upon the completion of the Erie Canal, in 1825, ho became connected with the operations of the same, as Collector of tolls at Schenectady. This was imany years before Kailway communica- tion was provided between the Seaboard and the Lakes. He remained in such position until 1836. Meantime he was engaged in the con- struction of several roads in that section. At the date last named, Mr. Mj^ers removed to Toledo, where he soon became connected with the construction ofthe Miami and Erie Canal, in- cluding the weigh-locks at Toledo, in which he was successful. Associated with him, as partner, in this work, was John S. Butman, of Milan, Ohio, an able and experienced contractor. After the completion of the Canal, Mr. Myers devoted his attention mainly to the manage- ment of his 2'1'operty, chieiiy real estate, in which lie was fortunate, especially in his in- vestments on Monroe Street. For much of the 20 3 ears preceding his death, his time was largely devoted to public affairs, having held several positions of im]jortant trust. In 1848 he was elected as State Senator, the District comprising a large portion of Northwestern Ohio ; and was re-elected in 1850, serving for four years, during a portion of which time he was Speaker of the Senate. In 1853, under the new Constitution, he was elected Lieutenant- Governor, and as such presided over the same body for two additional years. In 1861, following the outbreak of Eebellion, he was nominated for Eepresentative in the Legislature from Lucas Countj-, by the Union Convention, representing supjiorters of the Government, irrespective of former political afiiliations, and with the balance of the ticket was elected without opposition. At an early date he was elected by the Legislature and served as Associate Judge of Lucas County, under the former judicial system. At difterent periods, he was a member of the Toledo City Council and Board of Education, in both which he devoted his special attention to the interests committed to his charge. He was speciallj' watchful of public expenditures, guarding with care the rights of tax-payers, and by such vigilance, no doubt, materially protecting the City treasuiy. He was a man of rare personal energy and sagacity, and throughout his long residence in Toledo, was largelj' relied upon in promoting the true pros- perity ofthe Citj- and Count}-. In the various enterprises tlesigned for this purpose, few were as prominent or as liberal in time or in pecu- niary aid, as was he. The later j'ears of his life were attended by more or less of feeble health, enjoining restraint of habitual activity ; he suffering much pain toward the close of his ^y^k^^(t^ y^M^i^c-^ >-• PERSONAL MENTION. rm life, wliieh came July 19, 18(51, he dying at his residence. Northwest corner of JoflFerson and Superior Streets. Judge Myers was twice married — the first time in ilareii 25, 1821, with Mary Sanford, who died leaving two children, both sons, who lived to years of luaturitj-, but are now dead. August 28, 1841, he was married with L. Eliza Walker, of Schenectady, they havingtwochildi'cn — James W., now of Toledo ; and Sarah M,, the wife of I). P. JMcQueen, oi Schenectady, where Mrs. Myers also resides. ANDREW PALMER was born at Bingham- ton. New York, March 28, 1808, where his father, Eev. Sylvanus Palmer, was settled as Pastor of the first Protestant Church estab- lished there. Andrew was the fourth son of a large family of children, and the moderate compensation for clerical services of that period gave his father but faint hope of ever possessing the means to afford his children a liberal education. As did each of the bi'others, Andrew at an early age became sensible of the fact, that upon bis own exertions must de- pend his success in life, and spent his time in working at home or among neighboring farm- ers in summers, and in winters attending the Common Schools of the country, until at the age of 14 he was apprenticed to the print- ing business. Soon after he arrived at the age of 19, on a change in the affairs of his employer, he became at liberty to engage in business on his own account, and in connection with an elder brother established a paper at Rensselaerville, Albany County, New York. The brothers took an active part in fostering, through the medium of their paper, the interest that then began to develop on the subject of Railroads in this country; andu])on the organi- zation of the Mohawk and Hudson Paitroad Compan}', removed their press to the City of Schenectady — the point designated as the West- ern terminus of that Road. Here they gave efficient aid to the undertaking in the columns of their paper. On the completion ofthiswork, Andrew sold his interest in the business to his brother, and in May, 18H3, started for the West, having previously come to the conclu- sion, from a careful study of its geographical position, that somewhere at or near the mouth of the Maumee, an important commercial Town must grow up. As indicating something of what young Toledo had to contend with from neighborhood rivalrj-, and of the facilities for travel in those days, it may here be stated, that Mr. Palmer, on arriving at Buf- falo, was unable to secure direct convej-ance to the mouth of the Maumee, but was compelled to go bj' Steamer to Detroit, and there depend upon a small Steamer making occasional trips to the " Foot of the Rapids" (Perrysburg and Maumee City). Arriving at Detroit and find- ing the Steamer was not expected to depart for the Maumee under two or three days, he set out next morning on foot, and reached Monroe (42 miles) in the evening. Stop])ing there over night, he completed his journey (62 miles in all) by noon of the next day. On arriving at the mouth of Swan Creek, Mr. Palmer learned that steps had already been taken to found a Town there, and that a small strip of land had been )ilatted and a few 8tragi;ling tenements erected along the River, accommodating in all a jiojiulation ot perhaj)s 20 families. Having satisfied himself by careful examination, and sounding the River from its mouth to the Towns above, that it combined in its location superior advantages for the growth of a Town, he purchased from the Port Lawrence Com- ]jany OTie-sixteenth of the Tow^n ]ilat and of the balance of the lands owned by that Com- pany; and soon after became its agent for the sale of lots and the transaction of its business. The (Company had already erected a frame for a small warehouse on the IJiver at the foot of Monroe Street. This he completed and ])ut in order for the transaction of business. Having formed a co partnership with James ilycrs, of Schenectady, New York, he put in a stock of general merchandise at the land end of the building, and used the River end for For- warding and Commission business until the entire building was required for the latter purpose, when he erected a building on Sum- mit, between Perry and Monroe Streets, for general merchandising. At the expiration of his co-partnership with Mr. Myers in LSHU, iMr. Palmer having sold the stock in the store on Summit Street, and closed uj) that branch of his business, built a larger warehouse below Monroe Street, antl entered into co-])artner8liiji with his brother, Peter, in the Storage, For- warding and Commission business. Having also closed out his interest in the Port Law- rence Company and become lai-gely interested in farming lands in the surrounding country, he opened for the accommodation of his real estate tran-sactions an office on Summit, near its intersection with Adams Street. The same year he erected a dwelling on the Southwest corner of Superior and Jett'erson Streets (now known as the" ViennaCafe "), where he resided with his family till a short time before his re- moval to Wisconsin. In the (all of 18.'^ ho purchased material and establisheil a jiaper — the first numbers of which wore called the Port Lawrence Herald, and printed by.l. Irvine Brown. At this perioil in its histoiy the name of Toledo was adopted for the emhrj-o City. The meeting to consider the matter was held at the office of the Herald, and as the result of its action the title of the pajier was changed to that of Toledo Gazette — Mr. Brown continuing to act as publisher, and Mr. Palmer as Editor and Manager, as before the change. During the wintei- of 18i54-:i5, the controversy over the boundary between Ohio and Michigan became the absorbing topic of public interest, and de- 696 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. veloped a formidable antagonism to the claims of Ohio in the National councils at Washing- ton. The press at Columbus, and, indeed, throughout the State, gave little aid to a cause in which the interests ot Ohio and the destiny of Toledo were so deeply involved. iVt this crisis, Mr. Palmer, not unmindful of the power of the pi'ess in shaping public opinion, entered into negotiations for the purchase of the West- ern Eemiitphere — the then acknowledged oi'gan at Columbus of the Democratic party (then dominant in both State and Nation), which re- sulted in placing its control in his hands, and thereafter its columns were largely devoted to vindicating the claims of Ohio in her boundary controversy. The title of this paper was sub- sequently changed to that of Ohio Statesman. As the prospect of decisive action on the bound- ary grew brighter at Washington, it created alarm among the opponents of an early and final adjustment of the matter, and it became their policy to admit Michigan into the Union as a Statej and leave the question of boundary open for adjudication of the Courts; so as to delay, and in all probability ultimately defeat the extension of the Wabash and Erie Canal to Toledo. To counteract this policy, and urge upon Congress the necessity of making its de- cision final on the question of boundarj^, Mr. Palmer visited Washington, and gave efficient aid to such influences as led to its defeat, and the final settlement of the matter in the act of admission. On the organization of the Toledo City Government in 1837, Mr. Palmer was nominated and supported by the Democratic party for Mayor, but was defeated by Judge John Berdan, his Wliig competitor, by a single vote. In 1840, Mr. Palmer, greatly chagrined at the attitude of the Administration in the contest over the boundary, took charge of the Editorial department of the Toledo Blade, and conducted it through the Presidential cam- paign of that year ; and on the inauguration of the President-elect, his name, among others, was presented for appointment to the office of Postmaster, and to that office he was appointed soon after President Harrison's death. Few men now living can remember the almost universal bankruptcy brought upon the newer portions of the country in 1837 by tlie finan- cial derangements of that period. Mr. Palmer suffered from it in common with many others then resident at Toledo. Struggling for years with embarrassment, he at length yielded to the prospect of recovery by starting anew ; and thereupon, resigned the office of Post- master, and removed with his famil}- to Wis- consin in the spring of 1845. Settling ujjon lands purchased tliere, he built the house in which he has ever since resided, in what was then but an insignificant frontier settlement, but now a prosperous, bustling City, with all that can contribute to the comfort and welfare of its denizens. As a citizen of Wisconsin, he has received repeated marks of the apj^recia- tion in which he is held through election to im- portant public trusts, under both the Territorial and State governments. The strength of Mr. Palmer's early convictions as to the important jjart Kailroads were destined to lAay in the affairs of the country, is shown in the fact that he took an active part in the construction of the first Road built West of Utica, New York, which at the time it was built, was known as the Erie and Kalamazoo, and now forms a por- tion of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway. He was a Director in this Road from the time the Company was organized in 1834, till the year following its completion through to Adrian, iu 1836. On his removal to Wisconsin, he became a Director in the Park River Valley Railroad Company — an organization that has since grown into large proportions, and is now known as the Chicago and Northwestern. On being elected to the Senate of Wisconsin, to divest himself of personal interest, he disposed of the stock he held iu that corporation, resigned the office of Director, and in the discharge of his legisla- tive duties was made Chairman of the Senate Committee on Railroads. The founding of the Wisconsin Institute for the Education of the Blind, was the first legislative act of the kind in that State, and in this Mr. Palmer took an active part. The bill authorizing the expendi- ture of mone}' for the erection of a building for its accommodation, fixed upon Janesville as its location ; and the fine edifice erected by the State to carry out its purpose stands in the City of Mr. Palmer's residence — a fitting memento of the initiatoiy step of Wisconsin in the establishment of institutions for the educa- tion of those whose misfortunes bar them from the benefits of her Common School system, and of the interest the subject of our sketch has uniformly manifested in all matters pertaining to the welfare of community. OLIVER STEVENS, son of Gaylord and Millie (Loveland) Stevens, was born in the Town of I^ebanon, Madison County, New York, March 8, 1802. His ancestors were of English nativitj-, and were among the earlier settlers of New England. Oliver was the eighth child of a famil}' of 16 children — ten boysand six girls — all of whom reached years of maturity. His father and mother both were born near the City of Hartford, Connecticut, but early in their married life went to New York State and be- gan farming on wild, timbered land in Madison County. Upon this farm the subject of this sketch was born, and until he was 19 years of age his life was one of toil and privation. " The Summer after I was seven years old," says Mr. Stevens, "ray father hired me out to a neigh- bor for three dollars a month. When I was 16 he hired me out for a term of one year for $90, with two months out of the year for schooling." ^ f^Z-t^- ,^ PERSONAL MENTION. 697 • The bo3-s, after becoming 10 or 12 years of ago were allowed but two iiioiithsyearlyfor Schools. When Mr. Stevens reached his 18th year, he had succeeded, by daily studying before and after work, in obtaining sufficient education to teach a Common School, and during the Winter taught in the District School near his home. When lit 3'eai-s of age he went to Halifax, Pennsylvania, a few miles from ilarrisburg. Here for about a 3ear he taught the District School, which position he relinquished to en- gage in clearing the then uncultivated land in Madi.son County, New York. In 1824 he went with his brother David to the vicinity of Os- wego, New York, wliere for two j'cars they ex- tensively' engaged in clearing land and carrying on an asliery. During this period he visited Michigan, then an almost unsettled region. On his return, he purchased a farm near the pres- ent City of Oswego, New York, where he re- sided until 1832. He then emigrated to Ohio, purchasing 400 acres of land a short distance from the Maumee River, and 0])posite the pres- ent City of Toledo. There then were barely a dozen dwellings in Port Lawrence and Vistula, while all the cultivated land was immediately adjoining the River. Mr. Stevens was among the first to begin farming be^^oud the River banks. Of hi.s original purchase, much of which is now within the City, Mr. Stevens still retains over 200 acres. Upon thissame section he continued to carry on farming, and where lie resided until about 12 years ago, when he removed to the City (402 Adams Street). Farming has been his sole occupation, with the exception of the years 1837-8, when he carried on the Forwarding business on Water Street. Mr. Stevens has been three times married. First, with Eleanor Mickles, of Oswego, New York, daughter of John Mickles, July 3, 182G. The issue of this marriage consisted of two daughters — Laura, born November 10, 1830, now the wife of John Russell, at present en- gaged in the Tobacco business, Toledo; and Ca't.herine, born May 26, 1833, the wife of William Hill. His first wife died in ^834. His second marriage was with Lavinia Morrison, widow of John D. Simpson, in January, 183(j, who died in July, 1858. His third wife was Nancy Parkhurst, with whom he was married Jul}- 3, 1871, and who died September 15, 1881. In politics, Mr. Stevens was formerly a Whig, but since the forma- tion of the Republican party he has acted with that organization. He has held the offices of Justice of the Peace, Township Trus- tee, Treasurer and Clerk, and for a number of years was School Pjxaminer. In religious be- lief, he is a strong Spiritualist, and has been j)rominently identified with those who believe in Spirit manifestations. He has written sev- eral articles on Spiritualism, which have been printed in journals devoted to the advancement of that belief. Mr. Stevens has personally 4a witnessed all the marvelous changes whicii have occurred in this section of Ohio, and through a continuous residence of more than half a cen- tury, has gained an enviable reputation as a worthy citizen. HENRY "WILLCOX was born June 24, 1802, at Wookey Hole, Summersetshire, Eng- land, where he sjient his youth and early man- hood. llii]iing to better his condition in the new world, he sat out, with means of his own procuring, for the Unitoil States, in the year 182;t, reinforced by his mother's jirayers and his fiither's legacj', consisting of a half-guinea and tvvo silk handkerchiefs, which he retained to the day of his death, weai'ing one of the latter during his last sickness. On reaching New York, after a long and tedious journey (there were no Ocean Steamers in those days), he found his way to Skaneateles, New York, where, becoming acquainted with several Eng- lish families who had located there, he re- mained for a time. Some of the members of these families remained his life-long fi'iends. The last one known is Robert Clapp, a pioneer of Sanduskj' County, residing at Clyde. In 1832, Mr. Willeox removed West and settled on land a few miles from To- ledo, in Washington Township). He found that he could not make a success at clearing land, as he was not accustomed to such work. The distance being too far from Toledo to apply himself at his trade, he sold out and removed his family to that then struggling Village of a few houses, and established the Boot and Shoe business, which he successfully carried on. He was in Toledo at the time of the so-called "Toledo War." In 1842 he located laud in Algonac, Michigan, and removed there with his family. Finding the country too wild and un- settled, they returned to Toledo for a ])erma- nent home. In April, 1843, Mr. Willeox pur- chased lot No. 14, Summit Street, near corner of Monroe, and known as No. 55. This property he never disposed of, and it is still held by his heirs. He continued in business for many years. Mr. Willeox was first married in New York, October 31, 1831, with Miss Harriet Corn- wall, who died March 5, 1838, leaving one young child (Charlotte), who long since came to womanhood, and has been twice married, her present husband being Mr. Nicholas W. Eddy, of Toledo. In 1840, Mr, Willeox re- turned East, and at Oak Orchard, Sc|it('niber 7th, was married with Miss Matilda Millard, who was born June 24, 1821, and who died October 11, 1843. By this marriage he had three children, Mrs. Matilda A. Lloyd, born September 10, 1842; a son djdiig in infancy; and Mrs. Marj- J. Wachter, born October 8, 1845. In 1849, Mr. Willeox was married with Miss Hester Buxton, at his old home in England. He died at Toledo, March 3, 1880, aged 77 years and eight mouths. Mrs. 698 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Willcox survives him, and iu 1885, was mar- ried witli Mr. Wm. Whitlock, Artist and Por- trait Painter, of Toledo. SYLVESTER BROWN, sou of Hiram and Julia (Marsh) Brown, was born in Livingston County, New York, March 17, 1821. His father was a native of Vermont, being born in Shafts- bury, September 18, 1795, his ancestors being English, and settling in New England. He was a Tanner and Currier, which business he carried on at Caledonia for 12 years. In 1825 he emigrated to Moni-oe, Michigan, where for nine years he was engaged in the same busi- ness, and also in trade in Boots and Shoes and Saddlery, and furnished Saddles for use by the United States Army during the Black Hawk War in Illinois, in which he was Lieutenant of a Company commanded by Captain Levi Humphrey. In 1832, the father decided to close up his Monroe business and engage in farming. He then removed to and 'settled on a farm of 1(30 acres, now within the Sixth Ward, Toledo, where he continued to reside until his death, November 16, 1852. Here the youth of Sylvester was spent, attended by the experiences common to pioneer farmers' sons. His educational privileges consisted of attend- ance at a local District School during the Winter months, and two terms at the Perrysburg Academy. When 19 years of age, he left his father's home and began the battle of life as an apprentice in the Ecpair Shop of the Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad at Toledo. There he remained until the operations of the Shop were suspended by the embarrassment of the Company, in 1842-43, when he obtained employment for a year as Engineer in the Manhattan Saw-Mill. He then engaged with Hollister & Co., of Perrysburg, in the purchase of Furs through this region. In 1844 he held the jjosition of Second Engin- eer on the Steamer St. Louis, owned by Hollis- ter & Co., running between Buffalo and Chicago, which he held until the Summer of 1847, his Winters meantime being spent in the purchase of Fui's for that firm. In 1848 he was First Engineer of the Propeller Hercules, plying be- tween Buffalo and Chicago, continuing as such for two seasons, when he became Engineer of the Steamer John Hollister, Captain Charles I. Keeler, running between Perrysburg and De- troit, which position he held until the death of his father in the Fall of 1852, which made necessary his return for the care of the fiirm, which has since been his business, in connection with Gardening. In 1863, Mi-. Brown was instrumental in raising the first Company of Ohio National Guards, under the revised Mili- tary laws of the State, of which he was Captain. It came to be Company A, First Eegiment, Ohio National Guard. As the One Hundred and Thirtieth O. V. I., the record of this Regi- ment is given elsewhere in this volume. Upon his return from the field, Captain Brown re- signed, and has since taken no active part in military matters. He was twice married — first with Julia Ann Whitmore, who died May 12, 1854, leaving one child, Arthur H., born Sep- tember 8, 1846, and now living in Jefferson County, Kansas. His second marriai^e was with Adeline Stockwell, November IG, 1854. Four children were born of this union — Hiram W., December 24, 1856; Laura A., December 9, 1858, who mai-ried Alexander E. Forster, and died March 9, 1885; May A., born May 2, 1862, now Princij)al of Lincoln School, Toledo; and George S., born September 4, 1858, and died March 4, 1882. In politics Mr. Brown was originally a Whig, and subsequently a Repub- lican. He has held various Township otflces, but while strongly attached to the principles and policy of his ])art3', he has had little in- clination or time for public office. Having sold for S600 per acre, the land for which his father paid $1.25, Captain Brown proposes soon to make his home in Toledo. The case of Captain Brown well illustrates what maybe attained of common esteem and success in life by early practice of industry and economy, with life- long regard for justice and the rights of others. E-^'^fyjimttif^x CHAPTER III. MAUMEE VALLEY PIONEEK ASSOCIATION. FOE many j^ears there was manifested among the survivors of the early set- tlers of the Valley of the Maumee, a desire for organized action, looking to both the collection and preservation of historic facts, as well as the revival of earlj- relations and sentiments arising in common experience. No definite step toward such action, however, was taken until the Spring of 1864, when a call was issued for a gathering of Pioneers at To- ledo, May 7th. At that meeting .ludge Emerj' D. Potter was called to preside, and Henry Bennett was appointed Secretary The object of the meet- ing was stated by the Chairman, when, on mo- tion of Jessup \V. Scott, a Committee of three was appointed to present a constitution for a permanent association of Pioneers, the same consisting of Mr. Scott, Sanford L. Collins and Richard Mott. Peter Navarre, the oldest living resident of the Maumee Vallej-, was present, and briefly addressed the meeting. The Committee reported a constitution which was adopted and circulated, receiving the sig- natures of 75 Pioneers then present, who j)ro- ceeded to organize an Association. Mr. Na- varre, by virtue of seniority in residence, was declared the President, and the following per- sons were chosen for the positions named : Vice Presidents, Dr. Horatio Conant, Nathaniel B. Blinn, and Dr. Oscar White ; Recording Secre- tary, Henry Bennett ; Corresponding Secre- tary, J. Austin Scott; Treasurer, James M. Comstock ; Trustees, E. D. Potter, Sen., vSamuel B. Scott and Noah A. Whitney. At a meeting of the Association held July 4, 18G4 (Dr. White, Vice President, in the chair), William Prentice, who came here in 1818, gave many facts of historical interest, including the following: Tile first Vessel built on the River was the Schooner Eagle, by Capt. David Wilkison ; the first Steamboat (the Detroit) in 1833, and the second (the Commodore Perry) in 1835 ; the first upper-cabin Steamboat (the General Wayne) in 1839. In 1828 there were on what in 1864 were the lim- its of Toledo, 38 persons, in ID families, to wit : Major B. F. Stickney, Wm. Wilson, Joseph Trembly, Bazil Trembly, Seneca Allen, John Baldwin, Joseph Pren- tice, Hiram Bartlett, Dr. J. V. D. Sutphen, Captain Forbes, and Joseph Roop. The nearest Postoffice was then at Tremainesville, and Major Stickney carried the mail between Tre- mainesville and the River for $3.7.5 per quarter year. In 1833, a Postoffice was established at Toledo (then just formed of Port Lawrence and Vistula), with Stephen B. Comstock as Postmaster. The population of Toledo at that time numbered about 100. February 22, 1805, the As.sociation met in Toledo, when M. R. Waite delivered an address on the early historj- of the Maumee Valley, which was requested for publication. A letter was read from Hiram Walbridge, of New York, expressing bis regret at not being able to at- tend the meeting, and referring to the fact, that it was then nearly a third of a centurj- since, as a mere lad, he first visited the Valley of the Maumee, and nearly a generation since he sev- ered bis association with it. He stated that " no other section in the West had fought its way to recognition under greater obstacles than attended the settlement of the .Maumee Valley." But " time liad vindicated the sagac- ity and wisdom of those who, from its begin- ning, predicted its brilliant future." Ohio had " many communities of which she might justly be proud ; but in her future there would be none that would better illustrate the energy of her citizens, their enterprise and what well- directed efforts may secure, tiian would the rising intelligent commercial comniunitv of Toledo." Many new members of the Association were obtained at this meeting. July 5, 18()5, a meeting was held at Toledo, with Mavor Brigham, Vice President, in the chair, and Henry Bennett as Secretai-y. The following officers were chosen : Vice Presidents— Brice Hilton, of Deliance ; Dr. Horatio Conant, of Lucas; and Xatbanicl B. Blinn, of Wood county. Trustees— Mavor Bri^'baui, Samuel B. Scott, and N. A. Whitney. Recording Secretary— Henry Bennett. Corresponding Secretary — J. Austin Scott." Treasurer— J. M. Comstock. A committee of one from each County were ap])ointed, to gather and present facts and relics connected with the early history of the Maumee Valley, to wit : Willard V. Way, of Wood County ; Dr. Oscar White, of Lucas ; .f ohn Powell, of Henry ; Dr. Jonas Colby, of liefiance ; Wm. A. Stevens, of Williams; George Skinner, of Putnam; Robert A. Howard, of Fulton; Horatio N. Curti.-;, of Paulding; and James Watson Riley, of Mercer. The Association met .luly 4, 180(1, Peter Na- varre and John K. Hunt acting as President. The following named members wore reported as having died since the organization of the As- sociation, May 7, 1804, to wit : Henry Reed, Sr., James Myers, Robert A. Forsyth, Isaac Hull, .Morgan L. Collins, Piatt Canl. John Balt-s, [69S] 700 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Robert Gardner, George W. Knaggs, Josiah Miller, Albert V. Stebbins, and John P. Rowe (the latter ot Erie, Monroe County, Michigan). Officers were chosen, as follows : Vice Presidents— John E. Hunt, John U. Pease, and Horace Sessions. Trustees— N. A. Whitney, Ma- yor Brigham, and Francis L. Nichols. Recording Secretary— Henry Bennett. Corresponding Secretary — Willard V. Way. Treasurer— James M. Comstock. Addresses were made by W. V. Way and M. E. Waite — the former on the early history of the Valley, and the latter on titles to Toledo property. An annual meeting of the Association was held at Perrysburg, February 22, 1867. In the absence of President Navarre, Vice President Hunt presided. Some changes were made in the organization. The deaths of George A. Carpenter and Samuel B. Scott, of Toledo ; and of William Houston, were announced. An ad- dress was delivered by Willard V. Way, of Per- rysburg, on the question of boundary between Ohio and Michigan, known a.s the " Toledo War." A dinner at Norton's Exchange fol- lowed the meeting. June 24, 1868, a meeting was held at Toledo. In the absence of President Navarre, Vice Pres- ident Conant presided. Four members were re- ported as having died during the year pre- ceding, viz. : Ebenezer Walbridge, of Toledo ; Horace Sessions, of Deiiance ; N. D. Blinn, of Wood ; and John Consaul, of Lucas. Officers were chosen as follows : Vice Presidents — Gen. John E. Hunt, of Toledo ; W. C. Holgate, of Defiance ; and W. V. Way, of Per- rysburg. Recording Secretary — Charles T. Wales. Corresponding Secretary — John J. Minor. Treasurer —J. M. Comstock. Trustees— N. A. Whitney, Mavor Brigham and Henry Bennett. It was resolved to procure steel portraits of Peter Navarre, and of such other members as might be found practicable. No meeting seems to have been hold, from June, 1868, until May, 1874, when officers were chosen, as follows : President — John E. Hunt (Mr. Navarre, meantime, having died); Vice Presiiient, Dr. E. D. Peck, Perrys- burg ; Willard Trowbridge, Fulton county ; Henry Bennett, Lucas. Trustees — Mavor Brigham, Chaunc_y D. Woodruff, Willard V. Way ; Secretary and Treas- urer — Charles T. Wales. A meeting was held February 22, 1876, at Perrysburg, President Hunt in the Chair. Asher Cook read an eulogy on the life and chai-acter of Willard V.Way; and Judge Dunlap read a compilation of Gen. Hunt's personal ex- periences, entitled "Sixty Years Since," in- cluding a large amount of historical facts and incidents, occurring during the General's long residence in the Maumee Valley, beginning at the very opening of the War of 1812-15. Officers were chosen as follows: Vice Presi- dents, I>r. E. D. Peck, Willard Trowbridge, and Henry Bennett ; Trustees, Mavor Brigham and Asher Cook; Secretary and Treasurer, Thos. Dunlap. February 22, 1877, the Association met, with President Hunt in the Chair. Memorial ad- dresses and remarks were made of different deceased members — Asher Cook, upon Dr. E. D. Peck; Eev. Robt. McCune, upon Russell C. Thompson, of Lucas County; Mavor Brigham, upon Thomas Corlett, of Toledo; Francis llol- lenbeck, uj)on Jonathan Perrin, of Perrysburg ; Charles Kent, upon Peter Navarre; Thomas Dunlap, upon Mrs. John B. Hunt. Judge E. D. Potter delivered the annual address, which was replete with local history, reaching back to 1785. Judge Dunlap read reminiscences of history prepared by General Hunt ; and N. M. Howard spoke of his early life in the Maumee Valley. A letter was read from Hezekiah L. Hosmer, at iSan Francisco, California, referring largely to former personal relations in the Mau- mee Valley. Officers were chosen as follows : Vice Presidents — Willard Trowbridge, of Ful- ton county; Henry Bennett, of Lucas; and Asher Cook, of Wood. Trustees— C. D. Wood- ruff, Mavor Brigham and N. M. Howard. Secretary — Thomas Dunlap. A dinner was eaten by the members at the Boody House, at the close of which brief addresses were de- livered by J. C. Lee, J. R. Osborn, Clark Wag- goner, Charles Kent and Rev. E. C. Gavitt. The Association met at Defiance February 22, 1878. President Hunt having died, Thomas H. Learning, the oldest resident member, was called to the chair. A memorial of Hazel Strong, of Henry County, was read by Wm. Sheffield; and a memorial of Gen. Hunt, by Thomas Dunlap; when the annual address was delivered by Wm. C. Holgate, of Defiance. The officers of the preceding year were re- elected, with Mr. Learning as President. Asher Cook addressed the meeting on the life and character of Gen. Anthony Wayne ; and Rev. E. C. Gavitt on the early Christian missions in the Maumee Valley. Many new members were I'eceived at this meeting. February 20, 1880, a meeting was held at Toledo, President Leaming in the chair. The annual address was delivered by Asher Cook. Resolutions were adopted proposing the pur chase by Congress of the site of Fort Meigs and such improvement of the same as would be consistent with its history and the graves of the many Soldiers therein. Foi- the purpose of promoting this object, the following Committee were appointed : VV. W. Jones, I. R. Sherwood and Thomas Dunlap, of Lucas County; and Asher Cook, J. W. Ross and Shibnah Spink, of Wood County. The following officers were chosen : Vice Presidents— W. Trowbridge, Henry Bennett and Asher Cook; Trustees — M. Brigham, C. D. Woodruff and N. M. Howard ; Secretary — Thos. Dunlap. PIONEERS. 701 A dinner was taken at Hotel Madison, after which Mrs. J. D. Irving read a ])oem written by Mrs. K. B. Sherwood, and remarks were made by Mayor Eomeis, B. D. Potter, and N. M. Howard. The last meeting of the Association held was thatof August 17, 1887, at Maumeo, when Pres- ident Wm. B. Gunnwas in the chair, with Euel Alden as Secretary. MEMBERS OF THE ASSOCIATION. Following is believed to be a correct list of members of the Maumee Valley Pioneer Asso- ciation, with the diites of their arrivals in the Valley, and the places of first settlement, so far as ascertained for record : (■> Deceased.) Miller Arrowsmith, 1833, Defiance. Geo. Allen, 1834. Mrs. H. B. Andrews, 1823, Wood Co. Samuel Andrews, Toledo, 1835. Rosantha Atkins, 1833. Benj. L. Abell, 1846, Defiance. Henry Bennett,* 1833, Perrysburg. N. D. Blinn, 1825, Perrysburg. Mavor Brigham, 1835, Toledo. Calvin K. Bennett, 1835, Perrysburg. John E. Bond,* 1836, Toledo. John Bates, 1832, Perrysburg. Amasa Bishop,* 1825, Washington Township. Frederick Bissell,* 1835, Toledo. A. A. Belknap, 1834, Toledo. Andrew Bloomfleld, 1833, Perrysburg. Gilbert Beach, 1835, Perrysburg. B. H. Bush, 1834, Washington Township. Sylvester Brown, 1831, Washington Township. A. B. Browulee,* 1835, Toledo. Peter F. Berdan,* 1836, Toledo. Charles Ballard, 1837, Maumee. Julius Brown, 1824. Wm. H. Bennett, 1833, Perrysburg. Richard Bamford, 1838. H. R. Bernthei.sel, 1831. Abner Brown, 1835. D. Barnes, 1837. Samuel Blanchard, .1834, Washington Township. Robert H. Bell, 1847, Toledo. Delia A. Bell, 1847, Toledo. Wm. H. Boos, 1842, Toledo. Calvin Bronson, 1851, Toledo. Milo Bashare, 1838, Toledo. John Berdan, 1835, Toledo. R. Bloomfield, 1842. Ed. F. Browne, 1845, Toledo. Chas. O. Brigham, 1838, Toledo. Wm. A. Beach, 1855, Toledo. Reed V. Boice, 1846, Toledo. Wm. Baker, 1844, Toledo. Matthias Boos,* 1837, Toledo. Mrs. M. P. Brigham, 1S43, Toledo. Stanley F. Brigham, 1844, Toledo. Anthony Bordeau, 1816. Mrs. Dr. J. H. Bush, 1836. Mrs. Henry Bennett, 1833, Perrysburg. Mrs. Pamela Berdan, 1S35, Toledo. Mrs. Eliza Blodgett, 1844, Toledo. Henry E. Bruksieker, 1844, Toledo. A. B. Bradley, 1851. Wm. Babington,* 1855, Toledo. Peter H. Birckhead, 1854, Toledo. Mrs. JIaria Baldwin, 1832, Toledo. Bradford Barlow, 1824, Fort Meigs. Nathaniel Bartlett. Leander Burdick, 18.55, Toledo. Hermjin Baumbach, 1866, Toledo. Oliver S. Bond, 185.5, Toledo. A. B. Brownleo, Jr., 1849, Toledo. Mrs. W. A. Brown, 1836, Defiance. Kate O. Brown, 1843, Defiance. F. G. Brown, 1841, Defiance. George A. Carpenter,* 1840, Toledo. Sanford L. Collins, 1831, Toledo. John W. Collins,* 1834, Treinainesville. James M. Comstock,* 1836, Toledo. Morgan L. Collins,* 18.34, Toledo. Charles A. (Jrane,* 1830, Toledo. Asher Cook, 1835, Perrysburg. Jeremiah C. Crane, 1827, Perrysburg. Galusha Chase, 1839. Thomas Corlett,* 18.34, Toledo. Gabriel (^rane, 1826, East Toledo. John (lonsaul, 1837, East Toledo. Edward Connelly,* 1836, Toledo. Joel W. Crane, 1827, Toledo. J. E. Cowderick, 1821, Napoleon. James Curtis, 1834. Jonathan Chappell, 1823, Maumee. David Creps, 1833, Perrysburg. William Crook, Sr., 1831. Carlos Colton,* 1824, Monroe, Michigan. Charles Coy,* 18.35, East Toledo. Frederick J. Cole,* 1842, Toledo. Cyrus H. Coy. Abram W. Colton, 1849, Toledo. Albert G. Clark, 1848, Toledo. Mrs. Roxana Crane, 1818, Wood County. Joseph G. Cass, 1832, Waynesfield (now Adams). William L. Cook, 1835, Perrysburg. Dr. Jacob Clark, 1834, Toledo. S. D. Chamberlin, 1852, Toledo. Jacob Cranker, 1832, Toledo. Henry T. Cook,* 1848, Toledo. Daniel A. Collins, 1837, Toledo. M. J. Cooney, 1842, Toledo. Charles P. Chesebro,* 1849, Toledo. J. A. Crafts, 1824, Toledo. William Corlett, 1839, Toledo. G. W. Creps, 1833, Perrysburg. J. A. Conway, 1837, Toledo. Isaac Corwin. 1850, Defiance. Dr. Horatio Conant,* 1816, Maumee. Dennis Coghlin, 1836, Toledo. 0. V. Crosby, 1828, Delta. Edward Chapin, 1855, Toledo. Vien Cowderick, 1838, Napoleon. Charles M. Dorr,* 1837, Toledo. James Dennison, 1834. Willard J. Daniels,* 1832, Toledo. Thomas Daniels, 1.S37, Toledo. Joseph W. McNeal, 1834, East Toledo. Thomas Dunlap, 1840, Toledo. James Draper, 1849, Toledo. S. F. Over, 183(!, Toledo. Patrick" H. Dowbng, 1839, Mrs. Thomas Dunlap (nre Allen*), 1832, Toledo. Hannah L. Demmon, 1837. B. F. Deamer, 1849, Defiance. Michael J. Enright, 18.53, Toledo. Jacob Englehart, 1852, Toledo. W. O. Ensign, 1837. Charles H. Edilv, 1844, Adrian, Michigan. Mrs. H. Eggleston, 1844, Toledo. R. Evans, 1822, Defiance. Robert A. Forsyth,* 1816, Maumee. John Fitch, 1836, Toledo. William Flvnn, 1833. John Fay, 1833. William Fellows, 1834. John P. Freeman, 1835, Toledo. William J. Finlay, 1843, Toledo. John Faskin, 1848, Toledo. 702 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LVCAS COUNTY. Robert Fenton, 1834, Wood County. Horace F. Fisk, 1847, Toledo. M. Gurwell, 1847, Defiance. Rev. Elnathan C^ Gavitt, 1828, Toledo. Wilson W. Griffith, 1854, Toledo. Jacob Gurwell, 1841, Defiance. Joel M. Gloyd, 1843, Maumee. . Marv E. Gloyd, 1850, Maumee. William B. Gunn, 1820, Maumee. Aloiizo Godard, 1845, Toledo. Mrs. Mary Ann Gilbert, 1827, Maumee. Volnev W. Granger, 1849, Toledo. Nathan Gardner, 1S32. Alfred W. Gleason, 1854, Toledo. Isaac Hull,* 1814, Maumee. John E. Hunt,* born at Fort Wayne, 1798. W. C. Holgate, 1836, Defiance. Brice Hilton, 1823, Defiance. Abram Hartman, 1835. Elijah S. Hanks,* 1835, Toledo. Elijah Herrick, 182.3, Swanton. W. R. Hull, 1833, Maumee. Calvin Herrick, 18.33, Toledo. Robert A. Howard,* 1823, Mt. Gilead. N. Montgomery Howard, 1828, Mt. Gilead. Horace Hertzler, Erie, Monroe County, Michigan. W. Houston, 1836. Charles W. Hill,* 1836, Toledo. Harrison L. Hallowav, 1834, Toledo. Henry Hall,* Toledo^ J. W. Hone, 1833. I. N. Hathaway, 1840. J. G. Holzwarth, 18.54, Toledo. Francis Hollenbeck,* 1842, Perrysburg. Parley C. Holt, 1843, Maumee. Edward H. Hunter, 1846, Maumee. Mrs. N. M. Howard, 1843, Toledo. PhiHp Hoag,* 1842, Toledo. William T. Hall,* 1850, Toledo. Charles T. Howe, 1857, Toledo. M. W. Hubbell,* 1832, Ft. Wayne. Frank J. Holt, 1851, Maumee. Daniel Y. Howell,* 1845, Toledo. Arthur D. Howell, 1850, Toledo. C. B. Holloway, 1836. Cecil A. Hall, 1849, Toledo. Clara Harroun, 1835. Mrs. E. J. C. Harroun, 1836, Sylvania. C. H. Harroun, 1835, Sylvania. Henry J. Hardy, 1851, Defiance. Hezekiah L. Hosmer, 1837, Maumee. John E. Hall, 1836, Waterville. Henry Hefliebower, 1833, Monclova. Andrew Hunker, 1853, Toledo. Margaret Hunker,* 1853, Toledo. Franklin Hubbard, 1866, Toledo. S. P. Hudson, 1823, Defiance. Arabella H. Hooker, 1839, Defiance. James G. Haley, 1835, Napoleon. E. A. Howard, 1832, Defiance. H. B. Hal!, 1844, Defiance. D. W. H. Howard, 1821, Defiance. W. C. Halehenson, 1849, Defiance. Charles Y. Jennison, 1818, East Toledo. Joseph Jones,* 1835, Toledo. David Johnson,* 1.835, Toledo. W. H. Jones, 1833. Solomon Johnson, 1836. Dr. W. W. Jones, 1849, Toledo. Mrs. Adaline Jones {nee Knaggs), 1831, Toledo. Anna M. Johnston, 1837. Frank P. Isherwood, 1853, Toledo. Mary B. Jarvis, 1853, Defiance. Valentine H. Ketcham,* 1836, Toledo. Harvey Kellogg, 1836, Washington Township. Betsey Ann Kellogg, 1847. Joel W. Kelsey, 1845, Toledo. William 0. Keeler, born in Wood County, 1833. Mrs. Rachel Ann Ketcham, 1835, Toledo". Frank J. King, 1844, Toledo. John B. Ketcham, 1851, Toledo. Laura B. Keyser, 1835, Maumee. Malinda Knaggs, 1818, Toledo. John S. Kountz, 1846, Springfield. Horace S. Knapp,* 1836, Manhattan. J. D. Kirk, 1837, Defiance. Martin L. Leezen, 1839, Toledo. Peter C. Lewis, 1830, Washington Township. Pliny Lathrop, 1834, Richfield. L. C. Locke,* 1835, Perrvsburg. P. G. Loupe, 1830. D. Lindsay, 1834. Thomas H. Leaming,* 1815, Monclova. William Laughlin, 1846, Toledo. Frank T. Lane, 1842, Maumee. Mrs. E. B. Lindsay, 1820. Jonathan Lundv,* 1820, Manhattan. N. M. Landis,*"l840. Lyman Langdon, 1835, Defiance. Reuben C. Lemmon, 1852, Toledo. James Myers,* 1836, Toledo. Richard Mott,* 1836, Toledo. John J. Manor,* 1 827, Providence. John Mosher, East Toledo. Jerome B. Myers,* 1837, Toledo. L. L. Morehouse,* 1837, Waterville. Joseph Mitchell, 1830. George S. ]\IcKnight,* 1820, Perrysburg. Patrick Murray, Toledo. Ozias Merrell, 1838. James W. Myers, 1848, Toledo. Albert xMoore,* 1832, Wood County. C. A. Markscheflel, 1849, Toledo. George W. Merrill, 1852, Toledo. W. H. Merritt,* 1838, Maumee. Edward ]\Ialone,* 1851, Toledo. John A. Moore, 1836, Maumee. Nicholas Matthews, 1S47. Reuben B. Mitchell, 1843, Maumee. Guido Marx, 1849, Wood County. J. P. Moore. 1834, Fremont. Levi Stanley, 18.33, Springfield. N. M. Merrickal, 1846, Toledo. James McNelly, 1840, Toledo. D. H. Marcellus, 1835, Defiance. John Miller, 1820, Defiance. Hugh J. Marcellus, 1836, Defiance. E. B. Mix, 1849, Defiance. Peter Navarre,* 1793, Presque Isle. H. Nood, 1832. Alexander H. Newcomb, 1835, Toledo. D. Newton, 1840, Wood County. Mrs. Eveline Newton, 1850, Wood County. Francis L. Nichols, 1836, Manhattan. Mars Nearing, 1834, Waterville. C. W. Norton, 1835. Jesse S. Norton,* 1835, Toledo. D. H. Nye, 1849, Toledo. Mrs. M. D. Norton, 1829. H. G. Neubert, 1843, Toledo. Eccles Nay, 1834. Toledo. Chris. Nopper, 1854, Toledo. William Prentice,* 1818, East Toledo. Philip I. Phillips,* 1825, Tremainesville. George Powers,* 1835, Perrysburg. John U. Pease,* 1835, Sylvania. Emery D. Potter, 1835, Toledo. William Pratt, 1818. Andrew Printup,* 1834, Sylvania. Don A. Pease,* 1835, Sylvania. Dr. E. D. Peck,* 1834, Perrysburg. Mrs. E. D. Peck, 1844, Perrysburg. S. Perrin, 1838, Perry.sburg. George N. Parsons, 1837, Perrysburg. PIONEERS. 703 B. F, Pratt, 1S34. Edwin Phelps, 1834, Deflance. Alonzo D. Pelton, 1850, Toledo. Sarah Pearce, 1840, Toledo. James Pearson, lSoi». Charles B. Phillips, 1828, Washington Township. Frederick Prentice. 18i'l (born in East Toledo). Mrs. Esther Perigo,* 184S, Toledo. Gibbons Parry, 1840, Defiance. Samuel A. Raymond, 1830, Toledo. Alonzo Rogers,* 183."), Toledo. Henry Reed, Sr.,* 1833, Waterville. John P. Rowe,* 1831, Erie, Michigan. Abram P, Reed,* 1834, Waterville. J. A. Robert.son, 183(1. William Rnssell, 1833. Alexander Reed, 1833, Waterville. J. Roemer, 1840, Toledo. E. P. Raymond, 1847. Paul Raymond, 1834. W. L. Rowland, 1849. Samuel S. Read, 18.50, Toledo. Mrs. H. Rogers, 1832. James W. Ross, 1845, Perrysburg. Mrs. James W. Ross, 1834, Perrvsburg. W. H. Reed, 18.52, Toledo. James Rohrer, 1822, Defiance. B. AV. Rouse, 1844, Toledo. Jacob Romeis, 18.56, Toledo. R. E. Richards,* 1842, Toledo. James Raymer, 1853, Toledo. I. N..Reed, 1847, Springfield Township. J. P. Ralston, 1842, Defiance. J. Austin Scott, 1833, Perrysburg. Samuel B. Scott,* 1835, Toledo. Two Stickney,* 1822, Toledo. Horace Sessions, 1833, Deflance. Oliver Stevens, 1832, Oregon Township. Denison B. Smith, 1836, Maumee. Thomas Southard,* 1832, Toledo. Jessup W. Scott, 1832, Perrysburg. J. B. Smith, 1833. Peter H. Shaw, 1823, Toledo. George Spencer,* 1836, Maumee. Joseph K. Secor, 1840, Toledo. James Smith, 1824. Shibnah Spink,* 1833, Perrysburg. J. J. Smith, 183.5. Henry Seabert, 1833. H. T. Smith,* 1838, Perrysburg. Ira K. Seaman, 1832, Sandusky County. Mrs. Aurora Spatford (first woman married on the River). Daniel R. Stebbins,* 1835, Maumee. Andrew Steplian. E. E. Stewarts, 1843, Toledo. Mrs. Mary M. Stewart, 1843, Toledo. D. G. Saltonstall, Toledo. Dr. William A. Scott, 1835, Swanton. J. V. Straight, 1838. Charles I. Scott, 1839, Toledo. J. E. Scofield, 1833, Florida, Henrv Countv. W. H. H. Smith, 1849, Toledo. James T. Shepard, 1835, Toledo. Levi Snell,* 1815. Thomas J. Southard, 1841, Toledo. Samuel Stettiner, 1.S.50, Toledo. Charles L. Spencer, 1846, Maumee. Joseph M. Spencer, 1850, Maumee. William H. Scott, 1833, Maumee. A. T. Stebbins,* 1846, Henry County. George Stebbins,* 1848. Frank J. Scott, 1833, Maumee. Mrs. R. C. Stowe, 1831, Toledo. Mrs. A. F. Stowe, 1833. James F. Stubbs, 1834. William M. Stubbs, 1836, Defiance. William Sheffield,* 1841, Napoleon. Catharine E. .'^cofield, 184.3, Florida. Orpha N. Stebbins, 1837, Henry County. E. C. Smith, 1854, Toledo. James B. Steedinan,* 1837, Henry County. William Sclianseubach, 1855, Toledo. Helen Brown Scott, 1847, Defiance. Jacob Savior, 1,S33, Defiance. \. E. .Simpson, 1825, Defiance. William N. Smith. 182(i, Defiance. Horace Thacher, 1833, Tremainesvilie. E. Tuller, 1830, Perrysburg. S. B. Thornton, 1837. Miss Taylor, 18.35. Thomas Tiernan, 1839, Toledo. Willard Trowbridge, 1834, Fulton County. W. Tapiian, 1S:!4. Anson Trowbridge, 18.34, Washington. Perry Thomas, 1835, Wood County. Henry Thorner, 1845, Toledo. Lyman T. Thayer, 1843, Toledo. P. B. Truax, 1842, Adrian. R. H. Tympany,* 1843, Toledo. James Trenton, 1835. C. Trowbridge, 1834. L. W. Taft, 1847. Mrs. W. Taylor, 1835. Adaline Thomas, 1835. William Travis, 1819, Defiance. William Taylor,* 1834, Spencer. Wesley S. Thurstin, 1836, Wood County. M. E. Thornton, 1839, Defiance. Charles P. Tittle, 1839, Defiance. John VanFleet,* 1829. J. Van Tassel, 1829. John Van Gunten,* 1834. Thomas Vanstone, 1852, Toledo. James R. Van Fleet, 1828, Waterville. W. Van Fleet, 1828. John Van Gunten, 1854, Toledo. H. Warner, 1835, Perrysburg. A. B. Waite,* 1843, Toledo. Joseph S. Whitney, 1834. S. H. Wolfinger, 1834. George Weddell, 1837, Perrysburg. J. Washner, 1848. W. Watson, 1.S.35. Thomas Watts, 1844, Waterville. John Webb,* 1822, Perrysburg. Mrs. Sarah Wood, 1833. William II. Whitaker, 1851, Toledo. George Watkius, 1849, Toledo. Warren S. Waite,* 1.843, Toledo. Josiah W. White, 1836. Svlvania. John A. Waite, 1843, Toledo. Dr. Oscar White,* 1828, Maumee. Morrison R. Waite, 1838, Maumee. Chauncey D. Woodrufl,* 1835, Perrysburg. Willard V. Way,* 1834, Perrvsburg. Elijah J. Woodruff, IS36, Toledo. Luther Whitmore, 1825, Toledo. Eber Wilson,* 182.3, Wood County. Martin Warner, 1836, Tontogany. Noah A. Whitnev,* 1S34, Washington. Hiram Walbridge, 1833, Toledo. Horace S. Walbridge, 1833, Toledo. Heman D. Walbridge, 1833, Toledo. Ebenezer Walbridge,* 183('), Toledo. David Wilkison,* 1818, Perrysburg. Thomas J. Webb, 1828, Perrysburg. Mrs. A. B. Waite, 1843, Toledo. John H. Whitaker,* 1844, Toledo. George E. Welles, 1849. J. W. Waltcrhouse, 1846, Toledo. M. I. Wilcox, 1850, Toledo. Jonathan Wood,* 1831. Maro Wheeler, 1852, Toledo. 704 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Christ. Woehler,* 1S50, Toledo. Lewis Waclienlieiiner, 1S.5(), Toledo. EiueiT P. Willev, J844. Alonzo H. Wood, 1843. Charles AVest, 1S47, Toledo. James Winans, 184-4. Ed. T. Waite, 1S46, Maumee. C. H. Whitaker, 1846, Toledo. W. H. Witmore. Henry Willcox,* 1834. S. B. Worden, 1S24, Toledo. Charles T. Wales,* 1832, Toledo. B. B. Woodcox, 1838, Paulding County. Samuel JI. Young, 1835, Maumee. PIONEER POETRY. The following original poem, read at the first annual Ee-union of the Pioneei's of Kalamazoo County, Michigan, July 29, 1871, so descriptive of pioneer life, is deemed worthy of a place here : PIONEERS, OR, FORTY YEARS AGO. Yes, everything has changed, John ; there's nothing seems the same: And yet, it was not long ago, the time when first we came. But the years have passed so swiftly — my hair is white as snow ; And not a white hair when I came — now forty years ago. 'Twas here I set my stake, John, when all was wild and new ; We followed ux» the Indian trail— ours the first team through. Just there our wagons stood that night — we heard the Wolf's howl then, And the first sound heard as morning dawned, was the boom of the Prairie-Hen. The following verses, written by the late John Greiner and .sung by him at a meeting of Pioneers of Franklin County, in Augu.st, 1869, are applicable to the average experience of Pioneers throughout the West: OLD TIMES. What care we for the flight of time— the hasty flight of years ? The world's the same as ever to the Early Pioneers. In mem'ry of the old time— of youth's bright sunny ray, We'll have a good old-fashioned song in the good old-fashioned way, Singing tu ral, lu ral, tu ral, lu ral Once Columbus was a paw-paw patch— no Capitol stood here, No public institutions were then dreamed of— thought of— near. The people in log-cabins dwelt. — the latch-string iu the door. Opened to the jolly neighbors dancing on the puncheon floor, Singing tu ral, etc. A clearing in the wild-wood, a section square of land ; An axe ui)on his shoulder and a rifle in his hand : A wife and tow-head children, and an honest heart sincere. Were all the worldly riches of the Early Pioneer, Singing tu ral, etc. The Preachers taught the people there the Gospel truths sub- lime ; And the children got their Schooling only in the Winter time. When ague set the neighbors shaking — chills and fever scorning, They were cured by drinking whisky mixed with tansy in the morning. Singing tural, etc. Game hounding through the forest, and game whistling on the wing ; The perch, the trout and salmon from silver waters spring ; Wild honey in the bee-gum— boiling sugar into cake,. With beauty in the wilderness, wasn't hard to take. Singing tu ral, etc. The hair once dark as midnight, now is turning white as snow ; The step once tripping lightly, now treads stately, staid and slow; The voice once lull of music, now falls trembling from the tougvie. And %vrinkled brow and failing limbs show they're no longer young. Singing tu ral, etc. Old Age, serene, is beautiful— 'tis bright as closing day : And children, loved and dutiful, revere it while vou may ; For, journeying down the hill of life, the end in view appears. And soon the requiem will be sung— "The Last of Pioneers." JOHN ELLIOTT HUNT was born at Fort Wayne, Indiana (within the Fort), April 11, 1798. He was the seventh of a family of 11 children of Thomas and Eunice (Wellington) Hunt, of Watertown, near Boston, Massachu- setts. The father was a particijiant in the first battle of the Eevolution, at Ijexington, and was wounded in the action at Bunker Hill. He was also one of the forlorn hope under General Wayne, at the storming of Stonj' Point, on the Hudson, and was there wounded bj' a bayonet. He was then commissioned Major by General Washington for gallant and meritorious con- duct, and afterwards was successive!}- commis- sioned Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel of the Old Continental First Infantry Pegiment, by Thomas Jefferson. Subsequently, Colonel Hunt was ordered with his Regiment from Mackinaw to take possession of St. Louis, where he commanded from 1803 to 18(17. The passage was made in pirogues and French batteaux, skirting along the Lakes to the Maumee River; up that stream to Fort Wayne ; thence by portage to the head- waters of the Wabash ; down that River to the Ohio ; and thence to St. Louis. General Hunt well remembered the stop at the present site of Toledo, the occasion being fixed in his memory by the incident of a Soldier's losing a thumb by the explosion of his gun, in firing at ducks at the mouth of Swan Creek. On the banks of the Missouri, 15 miles from St. Louis, Colonel Hunt constructed a cantonment, and named it Belletontaino. He died at St. Louis, his faithful wife following him three months after bis demise. They both lie in Bellefon- taine. In later years, a cemetery was laid out about eight miles back of St. Louis, and is known as Bellefontaine. In 1812, when his brother-in-law. Dr. Abraham Edwards, of Dayton, Ohio, was appointed Surgeon-General to the Army of General Hull, the subject of this sketch went to live with his brother, Henry J. Hunt, in Detroit, and there witnessed Hull's surrender to the British Army under General Brock. He was present, also, at the re- taking of Detroit, by General Harrison. While in his Irtth j^ear, his brother, who wasasafather to the children, sent him to Sandwich, Canada, to secure at least an elementary education, no School being then in existence in Michigan. His student-life in Canada, as well as all the schooling ever received by him, was embraced within the limits of the year. He was the first beholder of the landing at St. Louis, of the cel- ebrated travelers, Lewis and Clark, from their three-years' tour to the Pacific Ocean, in 1806. In 1816, Mr. Hunt came to Maumee City, where, and at Toledo, he subsequently resided. At the former place he at once commenced business, and for many years was in mercantile trade, which was largely with the Indians in this region, with whom his relations were ever friendly, he in large measure possessing their GeiUuey Pub Hj FhxloM QycrTC-^ S. PIONEERS. 705 confidenceand regard. Politically. healwayswas a Democrat, after the organization of'tliat jiarty. His first Presidential vote was cast for Hcnrj- Claj', in 1824; his next was for General Jack- son, in 1828; and for the Democratic candidate at each subsequent Presidential election, the last one being for S. J. Tilden in 187(i. He was the first Senator from this District after the organization of Lucas County (1S35), then serving two j'ears, as he also did in the same body in 1839-41, where he took prominent po- sition. He was a member of the State Consti- tutional Convention of 1850-51. In 1851 he was elected Treasurer of Lucas County, serving as such for two jears. Subsequently he served for eight years as Postmaster at Toledo, and until the incoming of Pres- ident Lincoln, in 18G1. As might have been expected from his parentage, the place of his birth and his early associa- tions, Mr. Hunt from childhood had an attach- ment for the military, which was indulged, to a limited extent. In 1837 he was elected bj' the Legislature as Major-General of the Eighteenth Division, Ohio Militia, in which capacity he did what was then practicable for maintaining both the morale and the organization of that sys- tem, which, not long after, owing to the popu- lar judgment as to its inutility, substantially ceased to be. Coming to the Maumee Valley immediately after the close of the War of 1812-15, and among the few who then dared to undertake permanent residence here, and spending over GO years in the same, he was permitted to witness events and changes known personally to very few. His almost constant connection with business and public afl^'airs, made him specially familiar with what concerned his fellow-citizens, in whose intei'est he ever showed due regard. He resided at Maumee from 1810 until 1853, when he re- moved to Toledo. May 29, 1822, at Detroit, he was married with Miss Mary Sophia Spencer, a sister of the wife of Lewis Cass, then Gov- ernor of Michigan Territory. They had seven children — Mary Sophia (late Mrs. I). B. Smith, deceased); Eliza Cass (Mrs. E. A. Brush, De- troit); John Elliott, Jr. (deceased); Julia Ellen (Mrs. D. B. Smith, Toledo) ; Lewis Cass (deceased); Isabella (Mrs. E. H. Hunter, Toledo); and Virginia (late Mrs. Geo. Spencer Mayo, of Louisiana). Mrs. Hunt died at Toledo, December 25, 1876. She was born in "Western Virginia, in 1796, her parents having been from Connecti- cut. Her eldest sister was married with Gen- eral Cass, in 1810, whom she accompanied to Detroit, remaining there until her own mar- riage in 1822. Probablj' among all pioneers of the Maumee Valley, no one brought higher degree of personal grace, than did she; while, of them all, none more readilj- or more fully assimilated to the peculiar conditions of those early times. She was eminently a Chris- tian, and her adajitability to circumstances was specially shown in connection with her religious life. Her father's family had long been identified with the Presbyterian Church, with which she united while quite young. Upon coming to Maumee, there being there no Church of that denomination, she cast her lot with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and ever after retained such connection, in which she was specially active antl useful. For 51 years she was permitted to walk with the ])ai-lner of her choice, who followed her to life's clo.se, July 22, 1877. Both were buried in Forest Cemeterj', Toledo. THE MAUMEE VALLEY MONUMENTAL ASSOCIATION. July 28, 1885, was instituted a corporate body with the above title, whose purpose, asset forth, was "to acquire, and hold title to, to preserve, protect and erectand maintain .Monu- ments upon the old Forts and Battle-grounds of the Maumee Valley, and to otherwise dis- seminate and perpetuate a knowledge of the important historical facts and events of the Maumee Vallej-." The incorporators were D. W. H. Howard, of Fulton County; Aslier Cook, of Wood County; and Wm. Baker, R. B. Mitchell, Samuel M. Young, E. C. Lemmon, Mavor Brigham, Henry Bennett, Richard Mott, John C. Lee, Foster R. Warren and John R. Osborn, of Lucas County. August 7, 1885, the incorporators met and organized the Association by the choice of Messrs. Cook, Howard, Mitciiell, Foster and Lee as Directors, who then chose Mr. Howard as President, Mr. Cook as First Vice President, General Lee as Secretary, and iMr. Warren as Treasurer. August 20, 1885, the Board of Directors was enlarged in numbers and constituted as fol- lows : Richard Mott, S. M. Young, R. C. Lem- mon, Thomas Dunlap, .M. R. Waite, F. R. War- ren, R. B. Mitchell, Daniel F. Cook and John C. Lee, of Lucas ; D. W. H. Howard and S. H. Cately, of Fulton County; J. Austin Scott, of Ann Arbor, Michigan; Asher Cook and Joel Foote, of Wood County; and Peter Mangus, of Defiance County. August 25, 1885, new officers of the Associa- tion were chosen, as follows: President — Chief Justice M. R. Waite; First Vice Presi- dent — D. W. H. Howard ; Second Vice Presi- dent — Richard Mott ; Third Vice President — Asher Cook ; Treasurer — F. R. Warren ; Secre- tary — J. C. Lee. Fxecutive Committee — Messrs. Howard, Cook and Lee. At this meet- ing, the following battle-sites were chosen for the Association's first action under its charter, to wit: Fort Meigs, Fort Miami, Fort Defi- ance, and the battlefield of Fallen Timber. The following officers were chosen August 18, 1887: President — Chief Justice Waite; 706 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Vice Presidents — Messrs. Lemmon, Cately and Howard ; Secretary— J. C. Lee ; Treasurer— E. B. Mitchell; Executive Committee — Messrs. Howard, Cook and Lee. At the instance of the Executive Committee of this Association, a bill was introduced into Congress providing for survej^s and estimates for securing title to and suitably marking Forts and Battlefields and places of interments of Soldiers in the Indian Wars and the War of 1812-15 in the Mauraee Valley. This passed the Senate, and was sent to the House of Rej)resentatives, where it was refei-red to the approiiriate Committee, but owing to the occu- pation of attention by other matters, no report thereon was made, and the measure failed of consideration bj- that body. The Board of Directors are yet hopeful of favorable action by Congress, and of something like just recog- nition of the services and names of the brave men whose lives were offered up in their counti-y's defense on the fields named, with those of the heroes who fell in Perry's vic- torious battle of September 10, 1813, on Lake Erie, whose bones now rest at Put-in Bay. The following is a list of the members of the Association. The figures given in connection with the name indicate the j'ear in which the person came to the Maumee Valley: RESIDENTS OF LUCAS COUNTY. M. R. Waite, 1838. Thomas Dunlap, 1840. D. B. Smith, 1836. H. L. Holloway, 1834. Samuel Wagner. David Howe. S. B. Worden, 1824. J. W. Toullerton. Stanford Mettler. Perry Wood. S. M". Young, 1835. Wm. Baker, 1844. Mavor Brigham, 1835. J. C. Lee. C. C. Keyser. Sam. Blanchard, 1834. Isaac Washburn, 1834. Coleman I. Keeler. S. L. Collins, 1831. D. A. Collins, 1837. Wm. Bates, 1832. D. A. Gunn, 1828. *E. D. Potter, 1835. *Samuel Jay, 1831. Wm. Clark, 1833. John A. Conway. J. M. Hopkins, 1869. Wm. Milton, 1849. James Marston, 1833. H. S. Walbridge, 1833. Richard Waite. R. H. Bell, 1847. John Weible. Warren B. Gunn, 1S20. S. P. Browning. H. C. Cotter. F. P. Masters. James Raymer. W. B. Millford. Maria Reed, 1815. James INIelvin. F. R. Warren, 1835. James S. Hall. S. S. Ketcham. 0. S. Brumback. D. S. Applegate. David Byrne, 1836. S. D. Wilcox, 1852. A. H. Plant, 1842. Joseph Flvnn, 1828. *John Van Horn, 1830. W. H. Williams, 18.34. *A. W. Haddocks. Samuel Bement, 1835. N. R. Locke, 1876. Geo. Tanner, 1847. A. W. Eckhart. D. H. Commager, 1848. J. B. Van Rensselaer, 1837. G. H. Blaker. Oscar N. Gunn, 1836. Oscar Fairchild, 1834. Daniel Stager, 1840. Wm. B. Wai-reu, 1834. C. H. Noble, 1836. Mrs. Phebe Ann Tappan. Louis H. Pike. Declan Allen. John W. Kerr. *Rev. E. C. Gavitt, ).s28. W. W. Farnsworth. A. F. Hipp. N. P. Glann. Sarah E. Gunn, 1837. Clark Auchard. Mrs. H.S. Commager, 1'83]. Wm. B. Tappan. Doan Blinn. Bradford Barlow, 1824. W. H. Whitmore. Joseph G. Cass, 1832. T. E. Ford. D. C. Dewey. WOOD COUNTY. Asher Cook. Joel Foote, 1.S29. D. W. H. Dav, 1851. L. Black. Geo. C. Phelps. R. W. McMahon. J. B. Newton. G. W. Poe. A. W. Adams. J. H. Whitehead. R. M. Donnelly. W. A. Benschoter. T. C. Beard. M. F. Miles. R. W. Huffman. S. Henderson. G. W. Hill. J. F. Stubbs. F. J. Oblinger. John Eberly, 1848. T. J. Sterling, 18.30. James O. Troup. M. P. Brewer. Geo. Knaup. Geo. M. Brown. B. L. Abbott. J. V. Culver. J. H. Mitchell. Paul J. Brown. E. W. Poe. F. H. Thomp.son. Frank M. Young. H. C. Uhlman. H, G. Strausser. Edwin Tuller. FULTON COUNTY. D. W. H. Howard, 1821. E. L. Waltz. L. W. Taft, 1847. Dr. W. A. Scott, 1835. J. B. Fashbaugh, 1844. S. S. Carter, 1840. M. Carr, 1846. W. J. Lutz, 1865. A. B. Robinson, 1861. R. Halton, 1859. S. II. Cately, 1836. Ozias Merrill. Adam Andre. S. C. Biddle. James W. Howard. A. L. Sargent. Elijah Herrick, 1822. W. R. Huntington. W. J. Currv. Joseph H. Miller, 1840. James T. Stall, 1846. Wells Watkins, 1837. E. Gingery, 1839. F. Briggs, 1855. 0. L. Bennett, 1847. John P. Holt, 1844. 0. B. Verity. Elliott Bayes. David Ayres. III.SCELLANEOUS. J. Austin Scott, 1833, Perrysburg. Peter Mangus, Defiance, Ohio. W. R. Bowers, Napoleon, Ohio, .lohn Wilson, Henry County. Huldah H. Sheffield, Maumee Valley. Orrin Thompson, 1839, Henry County. D. H. Hancock, 1834, Henry County. M. R. Stage, Knightstown, Indiana. Chas. F. Muhler, Fort Wayne, Indiana. Allen H. Dougall, Fort Wayne, Indiana. M. M. Boothman, Brvan, Ohio. A. P. Birchfield, Pittsburgh, Pa. * Honorary Members. I I PART XI. SOIL PRODUCTS. CHAPTER I. FKUIT CULTURE. AT a very early date in its bistory, North- western Ohio occupied a prominent poKi- tion in the growth of the hirger kinds of fruit. This was specially true as to Apples and Pears. At the fairs of the State Agricultural Society no section bore away as large a portion of pre- miums, for either quality or variety of fruit. This state of things was due to two facts — Ist, the peculiar advantages of soil and climate here possessed ; and, 2d, to the exceptional interest and attention given to that product by many of the early settlers. This was specially the casein and about both Maumee City and Perr^-s- burg, and between tiiose places and Toledo, each side of the l\iver having at early dates well cultivated orchards, judiciously stocked from carefully trained Nurseries. From the tir.-it movements in the direction of Horticulture in the Maumee Valley, J. Austin Scott, Esq., was speciall}' prominent, Tie thinks tliat he was the first one in the Valley to cultivate fruit trees, and in this be is prob- abij' correct. The manner in which he gave the enterprise a start, is worthy of mention. It was about 1838. Mr. Scott then lived near old Fort Miami. The country at that time was without j'oung trees for transplanting, and they had to be started from the seeds, which also were scarce. To supply himself with these, Mr. Seott resorted to the Cider-Mill of Aurora Spafford, below and near Fort Meigs, wliere he obtained pomace, from whicli, bj' washing, he obtained the seeds of Apples. These he sowed, broad-cast, and thus secured seedlings, which he replanted in rows. Then, as opportunity offered, he obtained scions of the choicest varieties of Apples, and budded or grafted them himself These he gathered fi'om several different States. From a Nursery thus obtained, Mr. Scott planted an orchard of 50 acres on his farm at Fort Miami, which was believed to be the most complete of any then in Ohio. From this orchard, at one time, he took to the Ohio State Fair, no less than 170 different varieties of Apples — all cori-ectly labeled — for which he obtained the first premium, as he frequently did for eight or ten years thereaftei'. His brother, George W. Scott, assisted in the care and cul- ture of the Nurserj\ It is doubted, if any- other horticulturist in the country, by his own efforts, and with such inadequate facilities, has ever attained the success shown in Mr. Scott's case. That gentleman took a leading part in the organization of the tirst Horticultural Society in this section, was its fii-st President, and continued in its nianagement while it ex- isted. He also was a Vice President of the Ohio Poniological Society, and procured a session of the same at Toledo, where its mem- bers were entertained by the citizens. At the Ohio State Fair at Cleveland, September, IHCui, large showings were made of fruits from the State of New York, but Mr. Scott exceeded them all in variety and ([ualitj-. The first exclusively Nursery business on tiie River, seems to have been that established in the Spring of 1845, by Abner Morse, of Onon- daga Hollow, New York, and .Tames ami Asa W. Maddocks, of Toledo, under the firm name of Maddocks li' Sou. The locality selected for the purpose, was what is now known as (luard Island — then as Morse Island— on the Bay and in Erie Township, Monroe County, Michigan. The Island was the property ot Mr. Morse, who contributed the use of the same to the firm, on certain conditions, for the term of 10 years from May 1, 1845, for the purpose of establishing and carrying on the business of raising for sale fruit and ornamental trees, shrubbery, vegetables and plants ; such busi- ness to be uniler the management and control of the Messrs. Maddocks. Among other pi-o- visions of the contract, was one, that in case Mr. Morse " should succeed in ])urchasing a house at Manhattan," then his partners should " place the same on Scows and remove and place it upon the Island," the latter parties being at liberty to have the choice of " a stove or a flue chimney " in the house when so placed. The right to fish on the Island was reserved to Mr. Morse, so that he did not tliereb}' interfere With the Nursery. This arrangement continued until 1847, when, the enterprise not proving a success, such of the stock as could be removed was taken to the lands of Fred. Prentice, on the East side of the Maumee Kiver, and nearly opposite the ])resent Hound-House of the Wa- bash Kailroad. In 1S52, A. W. Maddocks, C. E. Perigo and Fred. Prentice wt-rcthe proi)rietors, and continued the business until 1854, when the Toledo Nursery Association succeeded to it — that corporation comprising the three ]>ar- ties named, together with Matt. .Tohnsou, Thos. M. Cooley, .Tohn Bates and Henry Bennett. In 1857, this Association was broken up, and largely with its stock, several other Nurseries were started, there then being no less than five establishments of that kind within the present limits ot Toledo, to wit: The Great Western [709] 710 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Nursery, of Fred. Prentice ; and the Ohio, of H. A. Ensign and H. G. Ford, East side the Eiver ; and the Hickory Grove, of Israel Hall, Upper Broadway, now Fifth Ward ; the Hum- boldt, of Peter and Carl Lenk, at Tremaines- ville (grounds now occupied by Lenk Wine Company); and the Toledo, of A. Fahnestock & Sons, Bancroft Street. In 1800, Mr. George Baker became joint owner with A. Fahnestock, the firm being Fahnestock & Baker. Two years later, Mr. Baker became sole proprietor, and con- tinued the business until 1880, meantime hav- ing a trade never exceeded in extent by that of any other establishment at this point. A chief embarrassnient to the Nursery trade here seems to have been found in the great fertility of the soil, which produced excessive growth in the yearling trees, whose immature wood was unable to withstand the Winter's frost, as do young trees even in more severe seasons when grown less rapidly in soil less fertile. The result was, that the business gradually yielded to the competition of more favorable conditions, and finally ceased wholl}'. Fruit culture has been materially promoted in this County and region by associated action of those concerned and interested in its success- ful development. A Horticultural Society was organized at a comparativelj- early day. The earliest record at hand, consists of a report of an exhibition by the Toledo Horticultural So- ciet3', held at Hunker's lee Cream Saloon, June 14, 1852, on which occasion there was a dis- play of early fruits, with some vegetables. Among the exhibitors of Cherries were the following : Freil. Bissell, T. M. Cooley, Maddocks, Perigo & Prentice, H. Ruetrick, Matt. Johnson, Mrs. Dr. Ed- ward Bliss, and Mrs. Decius Wadsworth. C. D. Woodruff had Gooseberries; Henry Bennett, Rad- ishes ; Gen. J. W. Brown, Cabbage, Lettuce and a vine of Warwick Peas six feet in length. Flowers were exhibited by Mesdames Matt. Johnson, J. W. Scott, Thomas Dunlap, C. E. Perigo, Henry Bennett and Ezra Bliss; by Ezra Bliss; by Miss M. Young; and by Hansen & Co., and .\laddocks, Perigo & Pren- tice, the latter also .showing 43 varieties of hybrid per- petual Moss and Bourbon Roses, with other species of flowers and plants. Mr. Machen had a large variety of paintings from life of native birds and animals, in- cluding 175 pieces, mo.stly of birds in the immediate vicinity of Toledo. Weeks & Dunshee exhibited samples of daguerreotypes from their Gallery in To- ledo. The officers of the vSociety, for 1853, were as follows — President, Jessup W. Scott ; Vice President, Dr. Ezra Bliss; Secretary, C. E. Perigo ; Treasurer, Thomas Dunlap ; Execu- tive Board, M. Johnson, C. W. Hill and J. M. Whitney. An exhibition by this Society was held June 28, 1854. At that time its officers and commit- tees were as follows : President— Fred. Bissell. Vice President— Henry Bennett. Secretary— C. E. Perigo. Treasurer — A. D. Pelton. Executive Committee— William Baker, Thomas M. Cooley, D. Wadsworth. Committee on Shade Trees — Matt. Johnson (Chairman), C. W. Hill, J. W. Kelsey, J. W. Scott, W. H. Peabody. On Fruits — T. M. Cooley, Mrs. A. C. Harris, Mrs. P. Wads- worth, C. E. Perigo, G. W. Scott, Darwin E. Gardner. On Vegetables — Gen. J. W. Brown, Mrs. Henry Ben- nett, Mrs. S. L. Collins, Charles Williams, H. Rue- trick. On Roses — Wm. Baker, Mrs. M. Johnson, Mrs. E. Bliss, Mrs. C. E. Perigo, Miss Mary Mott. On Cut Flowers — Bernard Arnoldt, Mrs. M. R. Waite, Mrs. Thomas Dunlap, Miss Elizabeth Bissell, Mrs. Nehe- miah Allen. On Greenhouse Plants — F. Hansen, Mrs. Leverett Bi.ssell, Mr. Brand, Truman C. Everts. On Miscellaneous Articles — Mrs. Joseph R. Williams, Mrs. John Fitch, Mrs. H. S. Walbridge, Mrs. W. W. Williams, Mrs. E. F. Plait. At an annual meeting of this Societj-, held February 4, 1861, the following officers were cho.sen : President, J. Austin Scott ; Vice-President, Peter H. Shaw ; Secretary and Treasurer, James H. Camp- bell ; Board of Managers, Israel Hall, Chas. Kent, Peter Lenk and Dr. W. W. Jones. Geo. Powers, J. W. Ross and W. F. Pomeroy, of Perrysburg, were elected honorarj' members. Mr. Scott exhibited 34 kinds of apples from his orchard at Miami, one of which (a Russet) was named " Fort Miami," having originated from suckers taken by Judge Aurora Spafford from old Fort Miami. I.f62. President, J. Austin Scott ; Vice-President, Peter H. Shaw; Secretary and Treasurer, A. A. Fahnestock ; Directors, Israel Hall, H. T. Dewey, F. L. Nichols, A. Fahnestock, Henry Plessner, D. E. Gardner, Geo. Baker. 1863. President, A. Fahnestock ; Vice-President, Israel Hall ; Secretary and Treasurer, Henry Pless- ner ; Directors, Chas. Kent, James M. Comstock, F. L. Nichols, O. C. Wilson, A. A. Fahnestock, J. Austin Scott, P. H. Shaw. GRAPE aROWINU. The adaptability of this region, in soil and climate, for the growth of Grapes, though known, was not appreciated for many years after settlement. To greater or less extent, that fruit was cultivated ; but not as generally as the conditions justified. The importance of the matter was suggested by the success at- tending the culture of Grapes on the neigh- boring Islands. The first vines set for cultiva- tion there were by Charles Carpenter on Kel- ley's Island, in 1843. The crop increased very slowly for 15 years, there having been in 1858 only 16 acres of vines. In 1860 there were 62 acres in bearing, and a total of 230+ acres set. These were owned by the following named persons : Addison Kelley, 23J acres ; Charles Carpenter, 111; George Kelley, llf ; Louis Beattie, 10^; Frank and Norman Kelley, 9 ; Charles Kelley, 8.^ ; Augustus Shideler, 8J ; Henrv Harris, "i ; Charles B. Wells, 8 ; Fred Shippel, 6f ; Edward Ward, 6J ; Thos. Roach, 6i ; James Hamilton. 6J ; J. E. Woodruff & Sons, 6^ ; Mrs. Adeline Estes, 6 ; M. Datus Kelley, 5J ; Eras- tus Huntington, 5J ; Herman Koster, 5 ; Henry Lange, ii ; Ohlmaker & Becker, 4i ; Barna McGettigen, 4^ ; f*3 SOIL PRODUCTS. 711 •Gi'o. V. Huntington, 3J; Simon Huntington, 3i; Capt. Geo. W. Orr, :! ; S. A. Davis,:!; A.J. Eldivd, 3; Oscar Doan, ^i: estate of I'at. Martin. L'iJ ; Jos. laneoln, 1'^ ; Andrew Cameron, 2.^ ; K. V. True, -i: Jacob Batclie, L'i; Ilugli Cattenaiigli, 2; Michael Mvers, 2; A. Mantev, 2 ; B. J. Lerrev, 2 ; Mi'.cliell Hamilton, 2; TIkls. Quinn. 3; O. D. Warden, 2; Datus Keller, U ; Adam Shanl, H; John Kault, U ; John Martin li; W. S. Webb, U; John Ilameline. Ij; Fred, (iehn- kens, Ij ; .lolin Hause, Ij; Joseph .'^hieblv, 1 ; John Monighan. 1 : S. .S. Uwelle, U : A- P- I'uyring, 1 ; Jiihn Baumlar, 1 ; Jacob Lawton, 1 ; A. S. Kelley, j ; John Boos, J ; Anton Rooch, j ; John Houser, i. Total 2:)(1.'. acres, of which (i9{ acres were set in 18.)!l, and mi in IsiiO. Tlio cost of tittinti; the ground, setting the plants, trellising and cultivating until tiie vine.s were in bearing, was then S300 per acre. The maximum of returns to that time, was $1,100 per acre for a year. The average yield was about $600. In 1859 Grapes sold at the vineyard at seven cents per pound, and the juice at 90 cents to SI. 00 per gallon. Unim- proved land on the Island was then worth $100 to $200 per acre. There were in bearing on Put-in Bay Islands, in 1802, 2(5^ acres of Grapes, belonging to F.J. Smith, Warren Smith, Louis Harius, Reveri St. John, David Hammond, Louis Dethenrider, Conrad Brookner, John W. Holland, Lucas Myer, M. Burggroff, S. Miller, C. Eue, Jose]ih Miller, John Lentz, A. Wochlo, C. Colwell, P. Vroomau. There were set out there in 1862, 7-li acres, ofwhich 17 acres were by J. W. Gray, of Cleve- land, 15 by L. Anthony, 6 by Dr. S. S. Lun- gren, of Toledo, 4 by Wm. Rieberg, .3 by J. S. Palmer, 2 by Simon Fox; and lesser amounts bj' Geo. Bigford. Kobevt Fox, T. Launster, Christ. Beck, G. W. Leutz, Geo. Fox, D. Mur- ray, John Stone, Milan Hollev, W. Dodge and V.'Doller. The extent to which Grape production and Wine manufacture have been prosecuted on these Islands, is shown by the following statis- tics for 1884, '85 and '86, as returned by Town- ship Assessor, to wit : kelley's island. 1884 1885 1886 Acres planted in 111 -iti 3314 To'al .ici-es in Vineyard '.187 889 l,i);58^ Pounds of Grapes gathered 2,84fl,lC0 1,313,-100 4,::i8.00u Gallons of wine pressed 444,300 Ij4,i)00 3SK,r>00 ISLANDS IN PUT-IN BAY TOWNSHIP. 1884 1SS5 18F0 Acres in bearing l.WU 1,240 1,34:! Pounds Grapes gathered 930,000 2,5(10,940 5,411,.>41 Wine pressed (gallons) iO,000 800,003 468,125 The price of grapes was variable during these three years. Its range probably averaged from 3i to 4 cents per pound, though at times much below these figures. The common belief now is, that Grape production on the Islands has probably passed its highest success as a business. J. AUSTIN SCOTT. Young Oiiio was sit- uated at a i>oint of confluence of the tides of migration. Her early pojiuhition in one cur- rent came from New Fngland and New York ; in another, from Pennsylvania ; and in a third, from N'ifLnnia and Kentucky. The result has been a mingling of fiirces and a conflict of ideas. Political parlies, for instance, have been pretty evenly malclu'd in numbers: and as a conse- qiionco, strong men neccssaril}- have come for- ward on both sides to contend for the mastei-y, in both State and National affairs. Hut the effect of this stir and life, is also seen in the men who, not .seeking public ]jlace, have been content to build up the strength and character of the various communities where they lived in the State of their choice. The latter are no less worthy types of much that is best in the State. Such a representative man is the sub- ject of this sketch. J. Austin Scott, the son of Jere. and Amelia Wakeman Scott, was born April 13, 1806, at Ridgefield, Fairfield County, Connecticut, where his ancestors hail lived for three generations. Both of hisgrandrathei-.s — David Scott and Jessup Wakeman — were ac- tive Patriots in the Revolutionaiy War. His father was too young to serve; but four uncles were Patriot Soldiers. Austin was sent to the District School at an eai-lj' age; after leaving which, he went to a School kept by a graduate of Yale, where he acquired a good knowledge of mathematics. Coming into30ung manhood, he taught the School of the District in Winter, and worked on his lather's farm in Summer, and afterwards taught the Village School in the Town of Ridgefield. He next became clerk of a countiy store-keeper, and had pretty much the entire charge of store. Post Office and the com- pounding of prescriptions. Those several duties were too confining, and in May of 1833, he came West on a visit to Perrysburg, where his brother, Jessup W., had recently settled. The next year Mr. Scott purchased the Miami of the Lake, a newspaper then just started at Per- rysburg, and the first one jmblished in the Maumee Vallej". He soon .sold one part of this property to James H. McBride, and another part to Henry Reed, Jr., of Maumee City. The paper was published a few mouths by Scott, McBride & Reed, and was then sold to Mr. McBride. In the Summer of the same year, tiie First Presbyterian Church of Perrysburg was formed, of which Mr. Scott was one of the nine original members. The next year (1835), he shared in the perils of the " Toledo War," by acce])ting a Captain's commission from Gover- nor Lucas. Ilavinjj been made the agent of the Miami and H igbj' Land Companies, Mr.Scott removed to Miami, across the River from Per- rysburg, where the " hard times " of 1837 found him building a Steamboat, the Chesapeake, which cost when completed, $68,000. It was built on his farm near Fort Miami. From this enterprise he was just able to escape without ri2 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. financial failure, and at onec set to work witii his brotluT (ieorgc, to clear the land for a faiMu (on tract 578, Private Grants). Together the^' cleared 150 acres. Mr. Scott ])lanlcd one- third ot this with trees — A])ple, Peach, Pear, and (Quince — and soon had one of the linest or- chards in the State, and it may lie stated in this connection, that not a year has passed since his boyhood, in which he did not plant trees. For the next 20 j'ears. though owning and conduct- ing a Warehouse business at Miami, Mr. Scott found his deliglit, and finally his chief occupa- tion, in the cultivation of fruit. He was a member of the first Maumee City Council, in which capacity he served for 10 years; 12 yeai's of which time he was the President. He was also President ol the Maumee City School Board for a number of years. In order to give his ciiildren the ailvantages of good Schools, Mr. Scott removed to Toledo in 1859. where he had invested somewhat in real estate. Soon after he settled in that City, he was elected a member of the Board ot Edu- cation, where he served for several terms, and witii Charles \V. Hill, Matthew Shoemaker, H. J. Hayes, James Myers, E. D. Potter, J. R. Os- born and others, aided largelj" in making tlie Public Scliools the pride of the City. After a life of 34 j-ears in the Maumee Valley, Mr. Seott, on account of the ill health of his wife, removed to Ann Arbor. Michigan, in 18GS, and occupied the beautiful residence where he has continued to live for 20 j-cars. The same ijublic spirit which characterized his early and middle life, has been shown in his advancing years. As President of the Ceme- tery Company, and of the Horticultural Society in Ann Arbor, and as Director in a Bank and a Manufacturing Company, and in other places of trust, he has richly deserved the confidence and respect universally given him. He con- tinues to take the liveliest interest in Toledo and its welfare. Sturdy independence, .stei-ling integritj', and special activity in connection with the Church, characterizes the life of Mr. Seott. For more than 40 years he has held oflicial positions in the different Churches with which he has been connected ; and for nearly 30 years (in Toledo and Ann Arbor) that of JDeacon. Mr. Scott has been twice married. His first wife was Ann A. Crocker, ol Connecticut, who died in 1840. In 1847 he was married to Miss Sarah S. Eanney, of Ea.st Granville, Massachu. setts, who died in 1883. No children of the finst marriage survive. Of the second, Mr. Scott's children are Austin. Professor of His- tory in Putger's College, New Jersey; Evart II., a successful Fruit Grower in Ann Arbor ; and Mary H. and Eanney C. Annie Elizabeth (a daughter of much promise) died at Toledo at the age of 12 j-ears. ISRAEL HALL, although no longer a resi- dent ast. And, with this e-Nprcssion of our desires— avowing our firm determination to uphold the supremacy of the law — w<' do hereby declare and pledge, to tlmse officers of the City upon whom the enforcement thereof more especially devolves, our constant readi- ness to .sustain and aid them therein in all lawful ways, and by all necessary means. John Fitch, S. Hobart, H. 1). Mason, J. .7. Laraan, Thos M. Cooley, l\. K. Waite, l<^.zra Bliss, B. VV. House, 0. B. Smith, J. W. Scott, J. M. Ashley, T. F. Lewis, 8. F. Forbes, Edward Haskell, C. H. Gov, J. M. Comstock, L. N. Voigt, Mart) Wheeler, Chas. O'Hara. John ^f . May, James M. Whitney, Mez. L. Ilosmer, W. R. Wil.son, .Tiiscpb Tolman, J. S. Hull, W. ti. Powers, 1. N. Hathaway, James Tolman, James H. Maples, E. T. Mortimer, Lewis C. Hunt, W. E. Paruielee, Azariah Eddy, Alex. Keed, Fred. Bissell, Alonzo Kingsbury, . D. H. Nye, .lohn Sinclair, C. A. King, F. J. King, Samuel R. Reed, Samuel B. Scott, P. F. Berdan, C. A. Harvey, Carlos Colton, Eleazer Damond, S.A.Raymond, A. Judson, Matthew Brown, Geo. W. Scott, A. B. Brownlee, Simeon Fitch, Jr. A. J. Field, A. H. Colton, Joseph R. Williams, A. D. Pelton, Salmon H. Keeler, Egbert B. Brown, Decius Wadsworth, Thos. H. Hough, Jacob T. Caples, Tim. O'Conncll. James Laree, J. B. Smith, Andrew Young, J. P. McCutcheon, John Brownlee, W. S. Johnson, J. P. Scott, W. H. Mallory, W. S. Berdan. Soon thereafter, Eev. 11. 1>. Walbrid.i;e, Itec- tor of Trinity Episcopal Church, in an address through the City press, strongly urged obedi- ence to, and enforcement of the same law. It was addressed ''To all Citizens engaged in selling intoxicating drinks in Toledo, in viola- tion of law." So far as known, the effects of these appeals were helpful to the objects sought ; but were largelj' temporary in their influence, and gradually the law came to be more and more violated with increasing impunity, until, ere long, it became practicallj' a " dead letter," without apparent regard for its provisions, or attempt at its eidbrcement, as it continued to be, until, in connection with what was known as the " Scott Law " (an act for levying specific taxes upon the liquor traffic, and in 1884, bj- the Supreme Court declared unconstitutional), the law of 1854 was repealed, and the liquor traffic left practically without i-estraint, save the ability of dealers to ]iay the price of their traffic fixed by the Slate. A convention of delegates from the friends 722 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LOCAS COUNTY. of Temperance in Fulton and Lucas Counties, was held at Swanton, September 15, 1853, of which John U. Pease, of Sylvania, was Presi- dent; and Chas. E. Perigo, of Toledo, was Sec- retarj'. The committee on resolutions con- sisted of James M. Ashley, Dr. Oscar White and John G. Klinck, of Lucas; and Joel R. Chiirch and Jonathan Wood, of Fulton, whose report was adopted. It declared the Maine law (then recentlj^ enacted), to be the " only hope and .safety of the State and the Nation," and that its pas.sage b}- the Ohio Legislature was " demanded alike by the moral and legal obli- gations which, a,s citizens, we owe to each other, and by the first and highest of all human law — that of self-preservation." It was de- clared that experience " had shown that all laws to i-egulate or license the evil, had been unwise and impolitic, and had been disre- garded and evaded." It was resolved not to vote foi- candidates for the Legislature not favorable to the enactment of the Maine law. The convention nominated Sanford L. Collins, of Lucas, for Representative. At a meeting of delegates from tlie several Lodges of Good Templars in Lucas County held at Toledo, May 10, 1870, a County Lodge was organized by W. S. Peterson, G. W. C. of Ohio, with the following officers: W. C, D. A. Pease, Toledo ; W. V., Miss A. M. Cogswell, Maumee; W. R. S., G. S. Tambling, Jr., Toledo; VV. F. S., C. W. Shoemaker, Waterville; W. T., A. B. West, Sylvania; W. M., J. E. Avery, Toledo ; W. I. G., Jennie Turner, Sylvania ; W. 0. G., W. W. Earl, Toledo ; R. H. S., Miss Libbie HilHs ; L. H. S., Mrs. O. W. Lamport; A. S., Miss Rose Newcomb. A Colored Division of the Sons of Temper- ance was instituted at Toledo, March 7, 1871, with the following officers : W. P., Rev. B. W. Arnett; W. A., Theresa A. Moore ; K. S., W. H. G. Smith ; A. R. S., Mary C. Lee ; F. S., Robert Massenburg ; Treasurer. James M. Bell; Chaplain, Garland H. White; C, S. H. Price; A. C, Annetta Merritt ; L. S., Mariah Harvey ; O. S., Joseph Moore; P. W. P., L. F. Dowley ; Deputy, John Young. The Division was known as Golden Rule, No. 130, and had 93 members. A Convention of delegates from the Women's Temperance Leagues of the Congressional Dis- trict, was held at Toledo, October 27 and 28, 1874. The temporary officers were Mrs. P. S. Donelson, President; and Miss C. Kingham, of Port Clinton, and Mrs. W. H. Alexander, of Toledo, as Secretaries. The permanent officers were as follows: President, Mrs. Donelson; Vice President, Mrs. Alfred Wilkin, Toledo; Secretary, Miss C. Kingham, Port Clinton; Treasurer, Miss L. Lyons, Wauseon ; Advisorj- Committee, Mrs. H. W. Smith, Mrs. D. K. Hol- lenbeck, Mrs. Barber and Mrs. P. S. Slevin. The reports from the several local Leagues, were all of about the same tenor — that when the Crusade began, mucli enthusiasm was manifested, which steadily waned, the Leagues as steadily decreasing in membership and activitj' ; while the zeal and determination of those who remained were j^et strong. Especial stress was placed upon that as Woman's spe- cial work, and as removed from politics. The Convention was addressed by Eev. C. D. Morris, of Toledo; and Eev. Dr. Byers, of Columbus. Resolutions were adopted oppos- ing all plans for licensing the sale of liquors; in favor of whatever laws would restrict such traffic; recommending the establishment of Friendly Inns and other places of entertain- ment and social resort se|jarate from the liquor traffic; opposing the social use of wines and other intoxicating liquors; and declaring full trust in God's favor, as the only assurance for the success of the cause. WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION. A notable movement in support of total ab- stinence from the use of intoxicating liquors as a beverage, occurred in Toledo during the Winter of 1873-4. It was carried forward mainly by resident friends of the cause, com- prising those of both sexes. Large numbers of pledges were obtained, and active work main- tained through several months. A large num- ber of women were actively engaged in the movement, and for the purjjose of more effec- tive organization, a meeting of these was held March 18, 1874, when the "Women's Temper- ance League of Toledo " was organized, with a constitution and pledge. The pledge was as follows : We, citizens of Toledo, desirous of aiding in the cause of Temperance, and believing fully in the wil- lingness and power of Almighty God to answer prayer, do solemnly promise, b)' His help, not to make, buy, sell, use, furnish or cause to be furnished to others, as a beverage, any intoxicating liquor, dis- tilled, malt or vinous. Neither will we lease our property for such purposes, by agent or otherwise; and we will do all in our power to banish the use of intoxicating liquors in our land, and to advance the cause of Temperance. Officers were chosen as follows: President— Mrs. George E. Pomeroy ; Vice Presi- dents — Mesdames P. S. JJonelson, D. N. Trowbridge, S. M. Snydam. L. A. Campbell, A. M. Corey, Ralph Tarbox. J. C. Lee. Luther Whitney. Charles Coch- ran, D. F. DeWqlf. A. D. Jones. Subsequentl}-, this organization was changed in some jiarticulars, and taking the name of the "Women's Christian Temperance L^nion of Toledo," continued the work. In November, 1877, during the progress of public meetings under the direction of Mr. Murphy, of Pennsylvania, a meeting of ladies of Toledo was held (December 1st), for the purpose of es- tablishing a Temperance Pestaurant in the City, the result of which was the formal open- ing of what was known as a " Friendly Inn," TTTE TEMPERANCE CAUSE. 723 December 11th, at the Northeast corner of Madison and St. Clair Streets, in a building formerly the residence of I^aniol O. Morton, but more recently known as the " St. Elmo," a place for the sale of liquors. On that occasion refreshments, contributed by ladies of the City, were served by Mesdames E. Bateman, E. M. Hawley, C. H. Buck, Orlin Phelps, J. W. Hiett, James H. Hamilton, .T. T. Greer, Alfred Wilkin, Laura J. Mattocks, Rev. Dr. Jones and — Southland. The plan adopted contemplated material dependence on donations for thetable of the Inn. The establishment commenced business the following day at the place named, with the fol- lowing bill of fare : Beef Soup, 2 cents ; Bean Soup, 2 cents; Vegetable Soup, 2 cents; Baked Beans and Pork, per plate, 3 cents; Coffee, per cup, Scents; Tea, per cup, 2 cents; Potatoes, each, 1 cent; Bread and Butter, per slice, 1 cent ; Beef, per slice, 2 cents ; Crackers, 2 cents. The Inn was successful from the start, and so much so, that within GO days the receipts were found sufficient to meet current expenses, and ere long to leave a balance on hand. The Inn was removed to 365 St. Clair Place, near Cherry Street, whence it* was taken to 53 Summit Street, where it was continued until 1887, in operation as a popular resort for large numbers of customers from different classes of citizens, and with many casual visitors from the country and neighboring Towns. The controlling con- sideration in the establishment of the Inn, was to furnish an eating place which should be en- tirely disconnected from sale of intoxicating liquors — a desideratum then not to be found in Toledo. The result was not only to furnish one such place but to open the way for some half-dozen others of the same kind, all which seem to be successful. For a long time the table of the Inn was served largely by mem- bers of the Union, while all its operations were under the management of the officers of that organization. Beside this establishment, the Union carried forward different branches of Religious and Temperance woi'k, including regular Sunday visits to prisoners in the County Jail. In 1881, under the auspices of this Union, nine like organizations were formed within the County ; while funds were provided for prose- cuting the same work in other Counties ; for aiding the National Union, the State Union, Re- formatory Prison work in the State, the work in the South and other kindred objects. Some years ago, the Union, co-operating with other friends of fallen humanity, took earnest action towards the establishment of a Retreat for Err- ing Women, contributing to such purpose the sum of $500. As a result of such action, a Re- treat was opened, the privileges of which have been enjoyed by a goodly number of the class referred to. The chief object of the Inn having become well supplied through other eating-places with- out intoxicating liquors, that establishment was closed in 1887. The general work of the Union, however, is still maintained, the officers for 1888 being as follows : President — Mrs. Laura Fralick; Secretary— Mrs. W. H. Kicli ; Treasurer — Mrs. Franklin Hubbard. LUCAS COUNTY WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN TEM- PERANCE UNION. During the Spring of 1881, was organized at Sylvania, the Lucas County Women's Chris- tian Temperance Union. Mrs. Josephine Mar- lett, who was largely instrumental in organiz- ing the several local Unions in the County, was made the President, with Mrs. Rev. S. L. Beilei', of Toledo, as Secretary and Treasurer. The chief object of the Count)- organization, has been to disseminate and strengthen Tem- perance sentiment through lecturers and litera- ture, with such special work as occasions may suggest. Thus this Union in 18S3 was active in support of the proposed Second Amendment to the State Constitution, prohibiting the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors within the State.; and subsequently for secur- ing Scientific Temperance instruction in the Public Schools. In the promotion of these ob- jects not less than ?1,100 has been raised. The present officers of the County Union are as follows : President, Mr.s. L. F. Eck ; Secretary, Mrs. Fannie Baird ; Treasurer, Mrs. Mary D. (-'liapman ; Vice Presidents, Mrs. Lucina Haskins, Mrs. .lulia Lathrop, Mrs. Eleanor J. Scott, Mrs. A. Fairchild, Miss Norma Wynn, Mrs. S. A, Hovey, Mrs. E. A. Wanl, Jlrs. D. N. Trowbridge, Mrs. Lois Perrin, Mrs. Harriet John- son. YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION. In April, 1887, was organized in Toledo, an association of young ladies, known as the Young Women's Christian Temperance Union. This was done under the auspices of the Women's Christian Temperance Union. Its officers are as follows: President, Kate Hubbard : Recording Seci'ctary, Linda Rick- ards ; Treasurer, Daisy Knights ; Correspond- ing Secretar}-, Bessie Mctiaw. The object of this Union is to promote a strong Temperance sentiment among the young people of Toledo. Its badge consists of a white ribbon. It has now 41 members. One branch of the Union's work is the Flower Mission, by which large numbers of bouquets, bearing Scripture texts, were dis- tributed at the different charitahle institutions and given to the sick in families. In the Win- ter season, the needy are remembered in niDi'e substantial ways. Another branch of the Union's work is the Juvenile Temperance Band, composed of a, younger class, which so far is successful. 724 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. RETREAT MISSION. In 1883, under the auspices of the Toledo Women's Christian Temperance Union, was organized the Eetreat Mission. Its object is to oft'er temporary home to erring women and girls who may wish to reform and return to a vir- tuous life ; and also, so ftir as may be practica- ble, to secure homes and employment, whereby such may gain an honest living. The first lo- cation of the Eetreat was on Broadway. The Women's Christian Temperance Union sup- plied means for rent and Mati-on's salary. Different Churches furnished a room each with necessary furniture, and many citizens contrib- uted additional articles; table supplies being obtained by private solicitation. During the first jear 21 inmates were cared for. In March, 1884, the City donated two and one-half acres of land, on which it is proposed this year (1888) to erect a suitable building for the Institution. In 1886 the Legislature provided that a portion of the Police and State fines be set apart for the support of the same. The present location is on Indiana Avenue, under charge of Mrs. — Mulford, as Matron. The average number of inmates from the start has been 20 per year. The importance of the work has increased in the judgment of the friends of the enterprise. Many infants born in the Retreat or received there, have been cared for. The first officers of the Retreat were : President, Mrs. Anna Potter ; Vice Presidents, Mrs. Mary M. MoGaw and Mrs. Clara Bond; Secre- tary, INIrs. JIary Wilmington ; Treasurer, Mrs. Mary Howell. Board of Managers— Mesdames C- C. Doo- little, McGaw, Potter, George E. Pomeroy, Sr., Geo. Stebbins, Orlin Phelps, P. Campbell, M. E. Hiett, At- ■n-ill, Eck, Wagner, P. Buck, M. Howell, Frey, M. T. Davis, O. S. Bond, F. Chapman, Schaflf, Bishop, Dr. Bigelow, McCabe, Dr. Chesebro, Kline, Tollerton, J. M. Wheeler, Charles Whitaker and William Wil- mington, and Misses Emily Raymond and H. O. Hall. The otHcers for ISHS are : President, Mrs. Anna Potter ; Vice Presidents, Mrs. E. Brigham and Mrs. Sarah Swigart; Secretary, Mrs. Mary E. Hiett; Treas- urer. Mrs. E. tiamilton. Trustees, Mrs. Potter, Mrs. T. S. Merrell, Miss E. J. Raymond, Mrs. E. R. Atwill,' Mrs. Hamilton, Mrs. Swigart, Mrs. 0. D. Marsh, Mrs. Mary E. Hiett and Mrs. Brigham. SUPPRESSION OF VICE. In the Fall of 1880, was organized in Toledo a Society for the Suppression of Vice, designed largely as auxiliary to a like organization in New York. The officers of the Toledo Society were : President, H. S. Walbridge; Vice President, Franklin Hubbard ; Secretary, Frank J. Hoag; Treas- urer, James Blass ; Directors, AV. J. Cooke, A. E. Rood, Geo. Milmine, L. S. Baumgardner, Robert Cummings, C. H. Eddy, Theo. J. Brown, Charles Pratt, Clark AVaggoner, C. W.Bond, Thos. A'anstone, N. M. Howard. The membership of the Society was made up from the most intelligent and useful citizens of Toledo. A chief object of the organization was the suppression of indecent literature, then specially prevalent in various forms. During the first 15 months of the parent Society, its offi- cers seized 50,000 obscene circulars, advertising vile pictures and books, of which 1,300 were addressed to young ladies in Toledo and other parts of Lucas County. Eight parties guilty in such connection were arrested, of whom seven pleaded guilty. One thousand obscene photo- graphs were seized, and 75 photographic nega- tives for painting the same. Beside these 417 vile books had been seized and destroyed, while a class of men calling themselves " Doc- tors," were prosecuted for distributing litera- ture calculated to promote immorality and crime. In other ways were steps taken for the exposure and j^unishment of vice in different forms. In view of special prevalence of licentious- ness then in Toledo, this Society in January, 1881, directed its attention to that form of vice; and to that end, took measures for more adequate enforcement of the law against pros- titution. The result of such action was the development of facts fully justifying the gen- eral alarm from that form of evil. A few arrests were made and prdbf adduced ; but a combination of influences which the Society was unable to overcome, proved sufficient to prevent conviction of the guilty, and the move- ment was necessarily given np. The result of such outcome was early suspension of action by the Society. SUNDAY LAW AND ORDER LEAGUE. On the 22d February, 1886, a meeting of clerical and lay representatives of some 20 dif- ferent Churches of Toledo, was held, at which was organized a Sunday Law and Order League, having for its object a general effort to promote a proper observance of Sunday, under the laws of the State, andtobe auxiliary to the International Sabbath Association. The officers were to be laymen. Officers were chosen as follows : President, S. R. Maclaren ; Recording Secretary, M. C. Warn; Correspond- ing Secretary, John Farley ; Treasurer, C. H. Whitaker. The attention of the League was first directed to enforcement of the State and City laws for the closing of drinking places on Sun- day, in which, with the co-operation of the press and citizens generally, it was largely, though not whollj', successful. Subsequently, attention was given to other and kindred mat- ters, including gambling and the unlawful sale of liquors on the Tri-State Fairgrounds, near the City. The results of the League's labors have been such as to encourage effoi't for the object of its creation. The officers of the League for 1887, were : James Blass, President ; Recording Secretary, Wm. H. Bishop; Corresponding Secretary, Homer Hood ; Treasurer, C. H. Whitaker. CHAPTER II. SKCEET SOCIETIKS. MASONIC RECORDS. TOLEDO LODOE, NO. 144. Organized January 1, 1847. Charter mem- bers : Levi S. Lownsbury, Robert H. Tim- pany, Jacob Landman, Kobert N. Lawton, Daniel McBain, Henry W. Goettel, Thomas D. Thomas, Tlioma.s S. Haskins, Thomas Dunlap, Myron H. Tilden, Jerome Myers, Abel W. Fairbanks, and David Plough. First Officers : W. M., Levi S. Lownsbury ; S. W., Daniel McBain ; J. W., Thomas D. Thomas ; Treas., H. W., Goettel ; Secretary, J. Landman. The following have since been Masters of the Lodge ; Daniel McBain, E. B. Dodd, E. H. Timpany, Andrew J. Field, Denison Steele, Alex. H. Newcomb, Eeuben C. Lemmon, E. R. Finch, Cbas. M.Lang, John C. Romeis, Albion E. Lang, Wm. D. Burgess, John M. McKee and Wm. Beatty. Present Oificers (1887) : W. M.. Henrv Barfield ; S. W.. Chas. T. Lewis ; J. W., John H. Lloyd ; Treas- urer, Ira A. Richardson ; Secretary. James 1). Kni<;ht ; S. D., S. 8. Walker; J. D., Frank H. Tanner ; Tyler, Richard Tapper. RUBICON- LODGE, NO. 2:^7. Organized January 31, 1853. Charter mem- bers : Robert 11. Timpany, Ezra Bliss, Thomas Dunlap, Hez. L. Hosmer, John Kaufman, Wm. H. Hall, Willard \Y. Howe, and Jas. Love. First Ofticers : W. M., R. H. Timpany ; S. W., Ezra Bliss ; J. W., Tnomas Dunlap ; Treasurer, John Kaufman ; Secretary, Hez. L. Hosmi^r. The following have since held the office of Worshipful Master : Hezekiah L. Hosmer, Thomas Dunlap, John W. Mclvim, Ransom E. Richards, David P. Chamberliu, Wm. K. Man- deville, Leauder Burdick, Henry P. Fowler, Merton C. Robinson, Graff M. Acklin, Wm. C. Cheney. Present Officers (1SS7): W. M., Mert. C. Robin- son ; S. W., Harry C. Cotter ; J. W., Frank L. Greg- ory ; Chaplain, J. Cooper Price; Treasurer, John J . Barker ; Secretary, Jerome H. Russell ; S. D., .1. M. Bessey ; J. D., Geo. U. Roulet. SANFORD L. COLLINS LODGE, NO. 3i)6. Organized August 8, 1867. Charter mem- bers: John Stevens, John B. Carson, Wm. H. Smith, Josiah D. Cook, E. B. Searles, Robert XJ. Bowes, Herman C. Hahn, Jesse S. Norton. Chas. B. Benedict, Louis H. Pike, Chas. C. Miller, Harry Haynes, John R. Miner, Edward C. Smith, Joiin G. Norton, William T. Walker, David R. Austin, Wm. B. Welle.s, Geo. E. [7 Welles, Robert Crum, Dan. A. Collins, John W. Bond, William W. Jones, James 11. Beattj-, Allen T. Babbitt, Henry J. Cliase and Daniel F. DeWolf. First Officers : W. M., John G. Norton; 8. W., Louis H. Pike ; J. W., David K. Austin; Treasurer, .Tohn Stevens ; Secretary, C. B. Benedict. Masters since organization ; Louis H. Pike, George E. Welles, Jerome L. Stratton, Charles T. Wales, Sam. H. Austin, Edward T. Waite, John Paul .lones, LaFayette Lyttlo, Barton Smith. Pressent Officers (1887): W. M., Walter A. Hodge; S. W., Joseph M. Spencer; J. W., Jesse Norton; Chaplain, Chas. T. Stout ; Treasurer, William T. Walker; Secretary, David D. Sheldon ; S. D., Arthur P. Crane ; J. D., Latimer Thompson. COLLINGWOOD LODGE, NO. 457, TREMAINESVILLE. In.stituted 1871. Officers, 1887 : W. M., (ieorge S. Dixon ; S. W., Thomas Russell ; J. W., S. S. Blanchard ; Treasurer, J. L. Henry ; Secretary, James Van Wormer; S. D., Wm. H. Southard; J. D., J. W. Vance: Tyler, S. B. Kies. FORT MEIGS CHAPTER OK KOY.AL ARCH MASONS. Organized at Perrysburg, Wood County, in 1846,where it remained until abouttheyear 1850, when the gi'owing importance of Toledo being apparent, and a Chajiter being needed hero, it was deemed best to remove the one at Perrys- burg to Toledo. The early history is very ob- scure from its organization up to 1853, owing to the records having been destroyed b^- tire soon after its removal to Toledo. The petitioners for a charter in 1846, were Thomas Clark, H. L. Hosmer, Paul Hawes, Ale.x. Anderson, John Bates, Andrew Young, Daniel Knowles, Eph- raim Wood and L. S. Lownsbury. The first Officers were : H. P., Hezekiah L. Hos- mer ; K., John Bates; S., Daniel Knowles; Treas- urer, Eph. Wood ; Secretarv, .Vndrew Young. Officers, 1887 : M. E. H! P., Lcandfr Burdick ; E. K., AlbertC. Osborne ; E. S., CharUs M. Lang : C. of H., Eldred W. Eastell ; P. 8., Oral! M. AcUlin ; R. A. C, Lucius A. Chase; G. M. :>i\ Veil. George B. Shultz; G. M. 2(1 Veil, Clifford Buxton; G. M. 1st Yeil, 8. H. Lloyd; Treasurer, Wm. T. V/alker ; Sec- retary, David D! Sheldon. TOLEDO COUNCIL, NO. 33, R. AND S. M. Instituted 1868. Officers, 1887: T. 1. M., Geo. B. Hull; D. M., Arthur P. Crane; P. C. of W., Lucius \. Chase; Treasurer, Wni.T. Walker; Recorder, David D. Shel- don ; Capt. of G., Joseph J. Lloyd ; Cond. of C, 25] 726 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Peter B. Laidlaw ; Steward. Clifford Buxton ; Senti- nel, Kicluird Tapper. TOLEDO COMMANDERY K. T., NO. 7. Ori^anized by dispensation, June 1, 1847. The first Knight created was Hezekiah L. Hos- mor, now of San Francisco, California, who afterwards was for many years its Commander. A charter was granted to this Comraandery the following year. The records from 1850 to 1857 were destroyed by fire. A new charter was granted in 1859. The first Officers elected were for 1848-49 : E. Com- mander, W. L. Harris ; Gen., H. L. Hosmer ; Capt. Gen., D. H. Wheeler; Prelate, L. S. Lownsbury ; S. Warden, W. H. Newton ; J. Warden. Daniel SeguV ; Treasurer, W. J. Daniels; Recorder, Henry Bennett ; S. Bearer, Thomas Clarke ; Sw. Bearer, Benj. Joy ; Warden, W. W. Wniter ; Sentinel, F. Corlett. Officers lor 1887 ; E. Commander, Barton Smith ; Generalissimo, George B. Hull; L'apt. Gen., John V. Shoemaker ; Prelate, J. Cooper Price ; Sen. Warden, Clarence E. Armstrong; .Tunior War- den, Charles T. Lewis ; Treasurer, John Daiber ; Recorder, James D. Knights ; Standard Bearer, Jos. iM. Spencer ; Sword Bearer, A. C. Osborne ; Warden, Frank R. Williams. SCOTTISH RITE MASONS. The three bodies of Scottish Eite Masons were organized in Toledo in the years 1880 and 1881. The charter members were: C. E. Bliven, R. H. Warriner, D. P. Cliamberlin, W. C. Cheney, J. C. Price, G. W. Hart, E. H. Norton, Albert Moore, L. Burdick, H. Haynes, II. H. Queen, D. R. Austin, W. T. Walker, li. W. Bigelow, H. M. Schnetzler, W. W. Ainsworth, E. T. Waite, R. C. Lemmon, C. E. Armstrong, J. P. Jones, Elmer T. Martin, C. R. Messinger, D.J. Caine. MIAMI GRAND LODGE OF PERFECTION, Scottish Rite Masons. Chartered 1880. Officers, 1887 : T. P. G. M., Barton Smith, 32° ; H. of T. G. M., Lafayette Lvttle, 32°; V. S. G.. W., J. A. Stipp, 32°; V. J.'G. W., Daniel J. Caine, 32°; G. Treasurer, Geo. W. Hart, 33°; G. Sec, Merwin Jackson, 32°; U.M. of C, Joseph M. Spencer, 32°; G. C. of G., E. L. Southard, 32°; G. O., E. M. Colver, 32°; G. H. B., W. C. Chenev, 32°; G. Tvler, Kichard Tapper, 18°. NORTHERN LIGHT COUNCIL, PRINCES OF JERUS.^LEM. Chartered September 20, 1881 . M. E. S. P. G. M.— C. E. Armstrong, 32°. G H. P. D. G. M.— J. C. Price, 32°. M. E. S. G. W.— Harrv Haynes, 32°. M.E.J. G. W.-A. CCsborne, .32°. V. G. Treas.— tieorge W. Hart, 33°. V. G. Sec— Merwin Jackson, 32°. V. 6. M. of C. -Joseph M. Spencer, 32°. V. G. A.— W. W. Ainsworth, 32°. Y. G. M. of E.— Sebre H. Waring, 32°. G. Tyler— Richard Tapper, 18°. FORT INDUSTRY CHAPTER, ROSE-CROIS, DE H. R. D. M. Chartered September 20, 1881. M. W and P. M.— Henry VV. Bigelow, 33°. M. E. and P. K. S. W.— Daniel J. Caine, 32°. M. E. and P. K. J. W.— John V. Shoemaker, 32°. R. and P. K. O.-Wm. K. Boone, 32°. R. P. K. Treas.— George W. Hart, 33°. R. and P. K. Sec— Merwin Jackson, 32°. R.P. K. M. of C— J. Cooper Price, 32°. R. and P. K. C. of G.— Lewis J. Seek, 32°. G. Tyler— Richard Tapper, 18°. .MASONIC EXECUTIVE BOARD. Organized December 1, 1867. It consists of one representative from each Masonic Body in the City, and has full charge of the general and joint expenses of the several bodies. The Board for 1887, consisted of: Toledo Lodge — John C. Romeis. Rubicon Lodge -H. P. Fowler. S. L. Collins Lodge — A. C. O.sborne. Fort Meigs Chapter -Ira A. Richardson. Toledo Commandery -H. C. Cotter. A. A. Rite— G. W. Hart. They receive and disburse about $2,500 per yoav. JOINT CHARITY CO.MMITTEE, 1887. Toledo Lodge — Gustave Herman. Rubicon Lodge — .James Draper. S. L. Collins Lodge— Charles M. Montgomery. TOLEDO MASONIC MONUMENT ASSOCIATION. This body was organized in 1871, and pur- chased grounds in Forest Cemetery for the interment of poor and stranger Masons, who might chance to die in Toledo. Mainly through the exertions of R. E. Richards, Secretary and Treasurer of the Board, the sum of 81,000 was raised, with which, in 1876, a fine monument was erected upon the lot. The property is under control of a Board, consisting of the Masters of the Citj- Lodges. N. W. O. MASONIC RELIEF ASSOCIATION. Organized April 22, 1871. First Officers: President— C. H. Swain; Vice President— R. U. Bowes; Secretary and Treasurer — R. E. Richard. Officers for 188* : President, W. T. Walker; Vice President, Ira A. Richardson ; Secretary, W. W. Alcorn ; Treasurer, Lean. C. Hiett. V. G.- J. C. Prentiss, R. S.; W. O. Hoist, F. S.; Jlrs. A. Arndt, Treas.; Mrs. P. Stevens, Con.; Miss Burge, Warden ; Miss Anna Steincauip, Chaplain : Geo. . To establish a fund for the relief of sick and dis- tressed members, and to provide for the widows and orphans of the same, to the extent of SH,000. Toledo Council, No. 21, R. A., was instituted October 29, 1877, with the following officers: W. S. Plumer, Regent; E. H. Van Iloesen, Past Regent; S. M. Owen, Vice Regent; S. L. Fraser, Secretary; John M. McKee, Collector ; Charles H. Jones, Treasurer; S. S. Mallory, Guide; M. D. Booth, Warden; M. B. Loose, Sentry. The officers of the Council for 1887 were: Regent, Richard M. McKee; Secretary, C. 1). Van Hoesen ; Treasurer, E. H. Van Hoesen ; Collector, Geo. H. Stockton. The intermediate presidini;- officers were E. H. Van Hoesen, S. M. Young, W. A. Brigham, S. L. Fraser, Geo. W. Boos, Wm. A. Geroe, A. W. Gieason and Harvey Scribner. Toledo Council aims to be the largest and best Council in the State. SONS OF MALTA. An organization known as " Sons of Malta," and nominally secret in its operations, existed in 1859 and thereabouts, of which there was a " Lodge " at Toledo. The order was under- stood to claim an origin with the persecuted Saints of the Isle of Malta, in the 15th century. The Toledo organization bore the name of ''Miami Lodge, No. 71, Sons of Malta," with the following officers: W. G. C, James B. Steedman ; V. G. C, Geo. Walbridge; W.C., Geo. P. Este; S. and T., Robert H. Bell ; V. C, E. B. Bronson. The precise character and object of this or- ganization were never definitely settletl in the public mind ; but the more general im])ression seemed to be, that it was largely fbi- the culti- vation and practice of the ludicrous in tluniglit, language and action. TOLEDO WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION. In March, 1809, Mrs. Elizabeth Cady Stan- ton and Miss Susan B. Anthony visited Toledo, as guests of Mr. and Mrs. Israel Hall. A reception given tliese ladies by their hosts, wiis largely attended by tlioughtful and cultured people of Toledo. On that occasion the visit- ing ladies presented to the company tlie disa- bilities of women and urged associate efforts to secure for them legal and political equality. The result of such discussion was a meeting at Hunker's Hall, March 9th, of which ,\Irs. I'iinma Ashley was Chairman, and Mi-s. Jeannette Duida]) Seo-etary. Mi-s. Julia Harris (sistei- of President Fillmore), Mrs. .M.J. Barker, Mr. VVni. ('. Earl, .Major E. S. Dodd, and Mrs. Mar- tha Stehbins were a|i]K)inted to ]n-e|)are a con- stitution for the Toledo Woman SutiVage Asso- ciation, which was adopted »t a subsequent lueeting. Its preamble states, that, " Regard- ing equal rights as the natural inheritance of all, and believing that the best interests of iui- manity may bo most efficiently promoted by abolishing those Talse distinctions between the sexes, which have descended from past ages as relics ofbarbarism, we do hereby unite under the following rules of orL'ainzation, for the ])urpose of equalizing the rights of the sexes." Article second of the constitution recited as the object of the Association, " to aid by all proper meiins, in raising woman from her condition of depen- dence, and in placing her in all respects before the law in possession of the same rights that are conceded to man ; and as a primary means to this end it will insist upon giving lier the right to the ballot." The chief officers of the Society have been as follows: President — Mrs. Emma" Ashley, 1809: Mrs. Elizabeth R. Collins, 1870-71; Mrs. S. 1{.' L. Williams, 1872-6 ; Mrs. Rosa L. Segur, 1877-9; Mrs. Julia Cole, 1880-82; Mrs. S. S. Bissell,188H; Mrs. E. R. Collins, 1884 ; Mrs. E S. Fray, and Mrs. Mary J. Craven.s, 1885 (the for- mer having removed to Rochester, New York, during the year). Vice Presidents: 1809— Mrs. Martha"Stebbins; 1870— Mrs. Julia Har- ris; 1871— Mrs. S. R. L. Williams; 1872S— Mrs. S. S. Bissell ; 1874-5 -Mrs. Hllen S. Frav ; 1876-9— Mrs. Fray, Richard Mott, William H. Scott and Charles Cravens; 1880-82 — Mrs. Fray; 188;5-4—Mrs. M. J. Barker ; 1885— Mrs. Williams; 1886-88— Mrs. Mary J. Cravens. Among those who rendered valuable service to the Association from its start, wt're Dr. S. F. Forbes, Mrs. Dr. S. Bailey, and Mi-s. — Bond, who drafted the by-laws; Jlrs. Louise Barlow, William H. Gorrill, Miss Mary Hall, Judge F. A. Jones, who engaged in debates; and the fol- lowing in executiveand other official positions- Dr. Oscar White, Major E. S. Dodd, Mrs. O. B. Hall, Mrs. P. B. Trunx, Mrs. C. S. Forsyth, Mrs. Georgia Shepliard, Miss Josephine Cook, Miss Maria While, Miss Charlotte L. Williams, Miss Anna C. Mott, Mrs. J. P. Ainger, Mr. and Mrs. Bateson, Mrs. Anno E. Howo^ Mrs. S. D. Curtis, Mrs. Harvey Bissell, Mrs. M. Berra, Mrs. Emma Beckwith, Mrs. E. N. Bailey, .Mrs Jenney, Mrs. Mary B. Gieason, Mrs. C. Jlorgan, Mrs. Mary E. Moulton, Mrs. Don Allen, Mrs. .lulia B. Comstock, Mrs. M. M. Cronise; Misses 732 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Sarah E. Folger, Maiy Smead and Marian Smead ; Mr. Chas. S. Ashley, A. Comstock, M. D., Mr. P. C. Hudson, Mr. Geo. P. Kirby, Mr. R. H. Miller and Mr. P. L. Maguire. During the year 1869, the Association held its meetiug.s in the jjarlors of different members. In 1870, Hon. Eichard Mott tendered the use of room 9, Port Industry Block, where it has since had its home. The plan of work has been to advance the legal, political, industrial, educational, social and religious equality of woman in every way which at the time seemed feasible. When the'State Constitutional Con- vention was in session in 1874, jjetitions were forwarded to it, members interviewed and del- egates sent to Cincinnati to obtain a provision excluding the word " male" from the Constitu- tion. The Legislature, of Ohio has been re- peatedly petitioned for amendments admitting women to School and Municipal suffrage ; also, for amendments of laws of dower and curtesy. Tracts have been gratuitously distributed. Con- ventions attended and the State Association entertained. At regular monthly meetings, open to the public, original and selected essays pertinent to the reform, were read ; also, a syn- opsis of every known effort to elevate woman, contributions donated to aid the cause in other States, and the memories of the dead who died laboring for the same end, publicly honored. In 1871, Mr. Bateson, pro])rietor of the To- ledo Sunday Journal, tendered the Association a column of its space for the publication of matter advocating the reform. Mrs. S. E. L. Williams became the Editor of that department, which was subsequently enlarged to an entire page. In 187ti, to commemorate the Centen- nial Jubilee, the Ballot Box, a monthly journal, was established, under the auspices of the As- sociation and the editorial conduct of Mrs. Williams. In 1878, the paper was transferred to Mrs. M. J. Gage, of Syracuse, New York, and was made the organ of the National Woman Suffrage Association. NEW CENTURY LITERARY CLUB. In November, 1876, a few members of the Toledo Woman Suffrage Association, students and lovers of literature, conceived the idea of establishing a permanent literary organization in Toledo, to commemorate the centennial year. A preliminary meeting was held at room 9, Port Industry Block, the home of the Toledo Woman Suffrage Association, and Mrs. S. E L. Williams, Eosa L. Segur, E. E. Collins, E. S. Pray, M. B. Gleason, S. S. Bissell and Miss A. C. Mott became its incorporators. Invitations were extended to citizens in har- mony with the proposed Society, and numerous meetings were held in the parlors of Mrs. Mary B. Gleason, where the organization was per- nianently effected the third week of January, 1877, with the following membership roll : Me.sclames S. R. L. Williams, Rosa L. Segur Eliza- ',??'' ^; t;olhns Sarafi S. Bis.sell, Mary B. Gleason, Ellen 8. Fray, Catliarine Donaldson, M. D Curtis lannie D. Jermain, Anu-lia M. Landis, ElizabetfJ Moulton, Kate IJ. .Sherwood, Elizabeth Walbridge Rebecca W. Cooper, Martha A. Stebbins, Mis.^-s Emily S. Bouton, .luliaBouton, Charlotte L. Williams Maria White, Anna C. Mott, Lucia R. Robbins, Mr! and Mrs. J. B. Battelle, Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Macomber Mr. and Mrs, J. Kent Hamilton, Rev. Dr. and Mrs' Cravens, Mr. Frank J. Scott. In honor of the birth of the new centur\' of the Great Eepublic, the Society was named " ThelSfew Century Literary Club." Its object IS literary recreation and culture. It has held semi-monthly meetings at the homes of its members, eight months of each year, from Oc- tober to June. One original essay has been presented at each meeting, sometimes two or more, upon topics pertaining to literature, belle lettres, history, bioa'raphy, and social and politi - cal science. The leading paper is followed by discussion, and the exercises are enlivened by music and recitations. Intellectual progress is characteristic of its life, which promises to reach its centennial anniversary. The membership list has at different times been increased, as follows: Hon. Richard Mott became the tirst Honorary Member, although he has ever faithfully performed the duties of an active one ; other members being Mr. and Mrs. James M, Brown, Miss Elizabeth ami i\ b ■, '^^''^S''' ^^'"- ^"'^ '^'■s- ^- ^l- Streeter, Dr, M, H and Mrs. Parmelee, Rev. G. L. and Mrs. Beiler Mr. Clarence Brown, Mr. J. G. Gould, Dr. W T Row- sey Prot. M Friclburg. Rev. H. M. Bacon, Mv. Wm ■ f^'H'''' ^^'\ ^ K. Parks, Mr. H. B. Tillinghast, Dr. A. Claypool, Rev. S. t:. Northcott, Mr. D. R. Locke Mrs Harriet Kinnear, Mrs. A. M. C. Barnes, Mrs' E. M. Irving, Mrs. P. J. Ketcham, Mrs. P. J Camp- bell, Miss Ada Ritchie, Miss Emily J. Raymond. The leading officers of the Club have been : ' 1877— President, Mrs. Elizabeth Walbridge • Sec- retary^ Mrs. Emma Battelle ; Chairman Ex Com Miss E. S. Bouton. M ^^l^~T?''f,^\1?"*' ?:l''-.K- *'• Streeter; Secretary, Mrs. E. R. Collins; Chairman Ex. Com., Miss E S Bouton. ■ ■ n, 1^79-President, Miss E. S. Bouton ; Secretary, Mr. Clarence Brown; Chairman Ex. Com. Air R M Streeter. „ ^'^'^Tr''"'^^','^"*' ^''- ^- ^- Macomber; Secretary, Mrs A. M. t . Barnes ; Chairman Ex. Com., Mr J G Gould. ■ ■ 18Sl-Presideut, Mrs. Elizabeth Walbridge ; Sec- retary Mr Wm. H. Maher ; Chairman Ex. Com., Miss E. S. Bouton. ' lSS2-Pre.sident, Rev. Dr. Chas. Cravens; Secre- tary, Mrs Rosa L. Segur; Chairman Ex. Com., Mr. \Vm. H. Maher. », 1^'^3-President, Mrs. Rosa L. Segur ; Secretary, Mr. J. G. Gould; Chairman Ex. Com., Mr Wm H Jiaher. ' ' ,T 1884-President, Mr. Wm. H. Maher; Secretary, 31rs. P. J. Ketcham; Chairman Ex. Com., Mr Clar- ence Brown. 1SS.5— This year the Club honored itself bv choosing Hon. Richard Mott as its presiding officer the Secretary being re-elected, and Mr. J. B. Battelle chosen Chairman of the Executive Committee r SOCIA L OROANIZA TIONS. 733 1886— President, Mrs. A. M. C. Barnes ; Secretary, F. J. Scott; Chairman of Exocutivo Committee, J. 6. Gould. 1887-President, J. B. Battelle; Secretary, F. J. Scott ; Cliairnian of Executive Committee, Mrs. K. L. Segur. 1888 -President, Mrs. 8. S. Bissell ; Secretary, Mrs. Emma E. Parmelee ; Cliairman of Executive Committee, Mr. Geo. P. Kirkby. BOATING AND FISHING. In 1872, 20 gentlemen, residents of Toledo, associated tiiemselvos for the provision of con- veniences for boating and fishing at Ten ]\Iile Creek, whieii empties into Maumce Bay, North- east of Toledo. The i-csult of tw o years' operations convinced them that the location was not adapted to their purpose, when steps were taken for other provision for their object. March 16, 1874, an organization on a larger scale was effected under the name of the " To- ledo and Lake Erie Boating and Fishing Asso- ciation," with the following named directors: Matthew Shoemaker, Stephen H. Staudart, Henry J. Chase, James B. Monroe, Edward (). Brown, V. H. Ketchani and Horatio E. Bangs. The following day officers were chosen, viz.; Mr. Shoemaker, President; J. B. Monroe and S. H. Standart, Vice Presidents; FrankP. Isher- wood, Secretary ; and Fred. B. Shoemaker, Treasurer. A committoe appointed for the purpose made examination of different points on Middle Bass and Put-in Bay Islands, for the most desirable location for the Association, when the South- west point of Middle Bass Island was selected, and a contract made for a Club-House, which was completed in May following, at a cost of $2,340, each member conti-ibuting $25. The site, about an acre in size, was obtained under perpetual lease, without rent, from Wm. Reh- berg. In May, the Club-House was opened, under management of J. D. Bourne. The sea- son's experience led to such change in the plan as should provide a summer resort for the families and friends of the members. This in- cluded the construction of family cottages in the immediate vicinity of the Club-House, at which the meals of the cottage tenants were to be taken. The first cottage (that of F. P. Isherwood) was built the same year (1874), to which 22 have been added, many of them being large and commodious, with provision for 120 pei'- sons. Among the improvements since made, have been ample dock facilities, a Boat House, and Water Works. In 1880, the Association was organized under the laws of Ohio. In 1881, an assessment of $100 on each member was made for a new and greatly enlarged Club House, which \^ as com- pleted in June, 1882. Chiefly through efforts of the ladies of the Club, a handsome Chapel has been provided, in which religious services are held during each season. The water supply is ample for the Club House and the several Cottages. In 1879, the Club extended its grounds, by purchasing that portion of the Island lying West of Grove Avenue. The limit of membership (200) lias been full for some time, the value now being $300, or a total of §(10,(100. Tiie aggregate value of the property of.thc Association and of the cottages of mo(nbers, is about $100,000, which is steadily gi'owing through the increase in the number of Cottages and other iin])i'ovcmeuts. It is prob- ably the most successful establishment of tiie kind in the chain of Lakes. With good steam- boat connections with Toledo, Detroit. Sandus- ky and Cleveland, it is made accessible from every direction, while the. range for fishing, boating, bathing and other exercise, is excep- tionally fine. The Association is under a carefully devised system ofrules and regulations, which limit its accommodations to members and their families; the latter include minor chiUiren and females of the household. Beside these, invited guests of members may be admitted to accommoda- tions not wanted by members. The charges at the Club House for members and families in 1887 were as follows: Single meals, 80.50 ; two meals, $1.00; one day (three meals), $1.25 ; two days, $2.50; three days and more, $1.00 each. These rates are alike for those lodging in Club House or in Cottages. Invited guests pay for rooms 50 cents per day extra. Members can- not hold rooms at the Club House for more than one week to the exclusion of other mem- bers desiring accommodations. One rule pro- vides that " no intoxicating liquors will be kejU for sale or sold on thepremises, and all gaming, intoxication and offenses against morality, decency or the laws of the land are prohibited." The Cottages are all taken care of by tlio Superintendent of the Club House. The officers of the Club for 1887, were as follows: President, M. Shoemaker; Vice Presidents, T. C. Rowland, A. L. Kelsey ; Treasurer, C. Cone ; Secre- tarv, Leander Burdick ; Trustees— 1888, A. W. Scott, .James Rogers, T. C. Rowland; 1889— C. Cone, W. O. Parker, Rowland Starr ; 18>H1— Jas. Clark, M. Shoe- makee, F. P. Isherwood. THE LADIES' NATIONAL COVENANT. As the War of the Rebellion progressed, the currency of the country depreciated, thus en- hancing" the i)rices of all articles purchased, and especiall}- those imported from abroad, whereby the ])ecuniary moans of the countiy wore more and more withdrawn to meet sucli im])ortations, and the resources for the sujiport of the (ioveiTiment in its unparalleled outlays thus reduced. So serious had this matter be- come, that in May, 18(54, a public meeting of ladies was held in Washington for the purpose of devising measures for relief therefrom, when an organization was effected, to be known as 734 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. " The Ladies' National Covenant," the basis and end of whicli was set forth in the pledge subscribed by its members, to wit: For three years or during the War, we pledge ourselves to each other and to the country, not to purchase imported goods where those of American manufacture can be obtained. We further pledge ourselves to purcbase no articles of foreign importa- tion contained in the following list : Dress goods of velvets, silks, grenadines, India crape and organdies, India lace and broche shawls. Furs, wrought laces and embroideries. Jewelry, watches and precious stones. Hair ornaments, fans, artificial flowers and feathers, carpets, furniture, silks and velvets, painted china, ormolu, bronze, marble ornaments and mirrors. This pledge, while leaving a few ab.solute necessaries free, cut off the articles of luxury, which were then svveliing the importations of the country and correspondingly' exhausting the life-blood of its financial resources. May 19th, a meeting of ladies of Toledo was held, for the purpose of forming a Covenant, auxiliary to the National organization. The pledge above quoted was adopted, and the fol- lowing officers chosen : President, Mrs. S. R. L. Williams; Vice President, Mrs. S. A. Ray- mond ; Recording Secretar\-, Miss Louise Sizer ; Corresponding Secretary, Miss Cannie Mott. The practical ends sougiit by the movement, were the agitation of the subject, with a view to the development of a sound public senti- ment on the subject. Through discussion and signatures to the pledge, the object was largely successful. The names of over 500 of the most influential women were soon secured to the Toledo pledge, and an improved sentiment established. TOLEDO HUMANE SOCIETY. This Society was organized in January, 1884, having foi- its object " Protection from Cruelty for Children and Animals." The first organi- zation having such object, was started in Eng- land, about 1825 ; and the pioneer Societj- in this country, in 1866, in the City of New York, the same having throughout that period been under the successful management of Mr. Henry Bergh. In 24 difterent States like organiza"- tions have taken place, and eight in Canada. As indicating something of the demand for protection to dumb brutes, it was stated at the time that in the Winter of 1884-.5, HOO Sheep were frozen to death on a single Railwa3- train near Chicago; while not long'before 800 Hogs were suffocated in cars. As to animals, three main objects are sought: 1. Merciful treatment, in securing them wholesome food and water, suitable quarters, and protection from abuse, over-loading, over-driving and the tortures of the check-rein. 2, Merciful methods in trans- portation. 3. Like methods in the taking of life— whether of the "fishes of the sea," the " fowls of the air," or the " bea.sts of the field." The no less important object of the Society, is protection of Children from cruelty and abuse. Among the particulars in which these demand such protection, are drunkenness on the part of those having charge of Children; forcing them to beg, involving practice in falsehood and deception, pei-sonal shame and liability to most demoralizing influences; forcing them to live in an attnosphere of moral impurity, and associate with depraved and loathsome charac- ters ; and abandonment of Children by those responsible for their care and protection. Reports made at the first annual meeting of the Toledo Humane Societj' show something of its operations for the year. It had taken 37 Children from homes and influences whicii were rapidly degrading them, and placed them in different institutions in the City and other parts of the State and in good homes. Of the number, 14 were sent to the Toledo Protestant Orphans' Home; five to St. Vincent (Catholic) Orphan Asylum, Toledo; four to State Indus- trial School at Delaware ; three to Lutheran Orphan Asylum, East Toledo, and eight in good homes. In the department of Animals, 153 cases were reported, including excessive beating of horses, 16; over-driving horses, 9; over-loading, 17; working disabled horses, 23; working sick horses, 8 ; starving or abandoning horses, 8; crueltj' to cattle, dogs, etc., 8 ; showering borses when over-heated, 2 ; shaving mules' tails in fly time, 2 ; cows suffering from distended ud- ders, 5; parties re])rimanded and cautioned, 73. At the c\09e of the first year, there were two life-members, 110 active members and eight contributing members. The life-membership fee was S25 ; active membership, $3.00 per year, and contributing membership, any sum less than S3.00. The original officers of the Society (for 1884) were as follows ; President, James M. Brown ; 1st Vice President, W. T. Walker; 2d Vice President, 0. S. Bond ; 3d Vice President, Henry Kahlo ; 4th Vice President, Mrs. B. H. Van Hoesen ; 5th Vice President, Miss Cannie Mott; Treasurer, E. W. Lenderson ; Secretary, J. W. Erwin; Attorney, Clarence Brown; Phj'sician, Dr. E. M. Goodwin. The officers for 1886, were — J. M. Brown, President; Vice Presidents. Mrs. Joel W. Kelsey, O. S. Bond, Henry Kalilo, Mrs. E. H. Van Hoesen and Miss Cannie Mott; Secretary, Dr. H. A. Chase; Treasurer, B. W. Lenderson. TOLEDO WOMAN'S EXCHANGE. In response to public call, some 50 ladies of Toledo met at the parlors of the Boody House, March 14, 1883, for the organization of an asso- ciation to be known as the Toledo Woman's Exchange, the object of whicli was declared to be " to encourage artistic and domestic indus- tries for women, to secure the best market for first-class articles, and to provide a suitable place for their exhibition and .sale." Under the constitution, any woman could become a SOCIAL MISCELLANY. 735 iiieiiibei; ot the Exchange, who should subscribe to its constitution and pay annuailj- tiie fee of $3.00, none but members Ijciny; entitled to send articles for sale. Five Committees were pro- vided for — on Finance, on Artistic Indus- tries, on Domestic Industries, on Hdibles, and on Investigation anti Employment. These had chargeoftheentire operations of the I'jxchange. The contributors ol articles tix their own pi'ices thereto, of which 10 percent, was retained for selling. The original officers were as follows : Presi- dent, Miss Janet C. Lewis; First Vice Presi- dent, Miss PjUa E. Daniels; (Second Vice Pres- ident, Miss Carrington; Third Vice President, Miss Helen Baldwin ; Recording Secretarj', Mrs. F. J. Hoag ; Corresponding Secretary, Miss Tempie Reed ; Treasurer, Miss Matilda Worthington. Subsequently, Mrs. B. E. Bul- lock was elected Recoi-ding Secretary, Cice Mrs. Hoag, resigned. The first year's operations showed the sales to have amounted to $5,458 18; of which $4,- 912. 3tj was paid to contributors. After paying expenses, there was left a balance on hand of $416.07. The sales were divided thus: By Artistic Committee, $285.75 ; by Domestic Committee, $953.53; by Edible Committee, $4,280.57. Of the latter, $2,787.34 was for Cakes sold ; $422.48, for 3,942 loaves of Bread ; $177.63 for 711 dozen Fried Cakes; $278.38, for Fruit and Pickles; $125.99 for 435 Pies ; $157. 43 for Butter; $119.52 for 593 dozen BLscuits; and $217.80 for Salads, etc. The Exchange was maintained with varying results, until the Fall of 1887, by the organiza- tion which had managed it for four years. It then passed into the hands of Miss Jennie Nor- ton, bj- whom it is now conducted. PLACES FOR ENTEETAINMENT. The first room provided in Toledo, s]iecially for theatrical and otiier public entertainments, was Union Hall, South side Summit Street, near Oak. It was built in 1850 by Thomas Dunlap. Following that, during the same year, was a like room in what was called Duell Block, Summit Street (North side), between Jefferson and Monroe. The third provision of the kind « as Stickney Hall, 242-244 Summit Street, in 1855, built by Air. Dunlap. For a period of six years, the latter was the favorite place for jjublic gatherings of most sorts. In it were not only theatrical and other entertain- ments, but for much of the time religious ser- vices were held there. An incident occurring there will indicate something of the lialiilities of such association with the use of the Hall. At one time on the Sal^bath, when Rev. F. B. Raf- fensperger, Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, was holding services there, he was much surprised at the close of a prayer offered by him, to find a large portion of his congrega- tion struggling with su])pre88ed laughter. Tlio explanation was soon found in the flitting to and fro on the stage behind him of two or three rabbits, belonging to a stock of trained animals, which were on exhibition the night ])rcvious. The fourth j^i-ovision made for public enter- tainment, was what is known as White Hall, No. 217-221 Summit Street. It was built by Mr. A. M. White, of New York, and completed in ■1861. For a i)eriod of 10 years, this was the principal Public Hall in the City. In 187-, Wheeler's Ojjcra House was built at the North- east corner of Monroe and St. Clair Streets. It was erected by the family of Lyman Wheeler, and yet continues to be largest and most com- modious place of the kind in Toledo. The latest jirovision of this sort is Memorial Hall, at the Southwest corner of Adams and Ontario Streets, dedicated February 22, 1887, which is more fully described on pages 261-263 of this work. Beside those above mentioned there now are in the Cit3' a variety of buildings more or less used as places of resort, but chiefly by organ- izations of various kinds. MISCELLANEOUS. A Convention of " Fat Men " was held at Put-in Bay, September 10th and 11th, 1874, at which 50 persons were present, whose weights ranged from 200 to 436, tlie latter being Thos. Grager, of Clyde, Sanduky County, the next to him (428 lbs.) being J. U. Templeton, of Swanton, Lucas County. Various diverting exercises were had. A supper and a dance took place in the evening at the Put-in Bay House. The officers of the Convention were: Presi- dent, H. B. O'Hagan, Sandusky ; Honorary President, J. G. Templeton ; Vice President, B. H. Boynton, Elyria; Secretary, Dr. D. P. Charaberlin, Toledo ; Treasurer, T. H. B. Davis, Toledo. In March, 1842, the Western Emigation As- sociation was organized in Toledo, with the following officers: President, Peter H. Shaw; Vice President, F. L. Nichols ; Treasurer, Edmund Fitch ; Recording Secretary, Robert Jeffrey ; Corresponding Secretary, 'I'ruman C. Everts. At a meeeting of the resident Scotchmen of Toledo, held November 30, 1867, in honor of St. Andrew's Day, a "St. Andrew's Society" was organized, with the following officers, to wit: President, A. li. Brownlee ; .Vice Presi- dent, James Young; Secretai-y, John Faskin ; Treasurer, Peter Scott; Managers, Ross, Carruthers, J. P. Jones, U. Mcintosh, and James Wylie. The Toledo Musical Association, organized in January, 1850, was officered as follows : Presitient, Joel W. Kelscy ; Secretary, Chas. O'Hara; Treasurer, Wm. II. Sizer ; Leader, Harrison H. Dodd. 7:?t> HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick held an iiniuial nicetina; February 17, 1859, when the following officers were chosen : President, Dr. T. P. Norris; 1st Vice President, Patricli Gra- ham; 2d Vice President, M. M. Goulden ; Re- cording Secretary, Declan Allen ; Correspond- ing Secretary, Patrick H. Galloway ; Treas- urer, Felix Connolly ; Banner Bearer, Wm. Kehoe ; Messenger, Timothy O'Connor. Execu- tive Committee: Thomas Brophy, Michael Carney, Thos. Tiernan, Thos. Ward, Jos. Fitz- patricii, Bernard Toole, Timothy Bradley, John Keegan, Timothy Bates. Few pioneers of Northwestern Ohio were as well known, or have been more kindly remem- bered, than was Andrew (alias " Count") Coffin- bury, a Lawyer who made his home at differ- ent places in this section. Withal, hehati quite a '• turn " for poetry, of which he produced not a little for the press, while his longer pro duction (''the Forest Rangers") was published in a volume. Among his shorter pieces, was the following, furnished the Blade in Decem- ber, 1843: CONTENTMENT IN A COT. BY A. COFFINBURY. Why should we sigh for paltry gold, And horde a needless store, Which, if increased a thousand fold. But makes a thirst for more? High Heaven bids us reconcile Our wishes to our lot : And thus enjoy, with cheerful smile, Contentment in a cot. Just Heaven hath gifts conferred Unto the rich or proud— Oft stalks an agonizing mind, In fashion's dazzling crowd. And yet. with naught of earthly show, The pearl of price is bought. For all the poor, if wise, may know Contentment in a cot. 'Tis rare that gold content can give. Or e'en suppress a sigh — We need but little, while we live. And nothing when we die. If healthful toil be exercised, And wisdom's precepts sought, Then duly will be left and prized Contentment in a cot. Give me this day my needful bread, And strength to toil for more ; I will not covet proud parade, Or ucedless glittering store. Why should I sigh for fields or plains ? My needs require them not : I would not change forearth'a domains Contentment in a cot. CENSUS STATISTICS, OHIO AND LUCAS COUNTY. POPILATION. 10th Census, 9th 8th 7th 6th 5th 4th 3d 2d let 1880 3,198,0(i2 1870 2,66,3,260 1860 2,339,511 18.50 1,980,329 1840 1,519,467 1830 937,903 1820 581,295 1810 230,760 1800 45,365 1790 STATE. COUNTY. 67,377 46,722 25,831 12,361 9.382 By Naiiviiy — Native born, 1880. Foreign " 1880. Native " 1870, Foreign " 1870 Native " 1860 Foreign " 1860 By Race — White _18S0 Colored _1S80 White .1870 Colored -1870 White _1860 Colored .1860 By Sex- Males 1880 Females 1880 By School, Milihny and Voting Males, 5 to 17 years, 1880 Females, "" 1880 Males, 18 to 44vears,1880 Males, 21 and over, 1880 __ State. 2,803,119 394.343 2,292,767 372,493 2,011,262 328,249 3,117,920 79,900 2,001,946 63,213 2,302,808 36.673 1,613,936 1,584,126 Age— 479,710 471,568 647,092 826,577 County. 50,023 17,354 .32,603 14,119 17,408 8,423 66,281 1,093 45,944 776 25,.5.53 34,002 33, .375 9,698 9,965 14,444 17,836 Property Valuation— Real estate Personal property .ST.\TE. COrNTY. .11.093,667.705 $15,993,076 ^ 440.682.803 7,600,350 Total 1,-534,360,508 Taxation — State 4,480,489 Countv 6.131,.502 Local 1.5,144,667 Total Indebtedness- Bonded debt. Floating debt Gross debt . Sinking fund. Net debt 25,756,658 53,654,507 823,086 54,477,-593 5,721,139 48,756,454 Live Stock and its Productions — Horses, No 736.478 Mules and Asses, " 19,481 Working Oxen, " 82,226 Milch Cows, " 767,043 Other Cattle, " 1,084,917 Sheep, '■ 4,903,486 Swine, " 3,141.333 Wool, Lbs 25,003,7-56 Milk, Gils 46,801,537 Butter, Lbs 67.634,263 Cheese, " 2,170,245 Manufactures, 1879 — Establishments, No 20.699 Capital $188,939,614 Average hands employed — Males above 16, No Females above 15, " Children and Youths __ Wages during year, Materials, Products, 152,217 18,-563 12,829 $ 62,103,800 215,334,258 348,298,390 Farm Areas and Values, 1879 — Farms, No 245 Improved Lands, Acres.. 18,081, Value, with buildings, etc. $1,127,497 Value of improvements.. 30,521 Value of Live Stock 103,70 Cost of repairs, 1879 4,863,' Cost of fertilizers, 1879 .. . 550, Est. value productions 156,777, 189 091 ,353 180 730 063 029 152 23,593,426 68,425 120,796 725,873 915,094 3,68.^,897 84,197 3,768,094 141,-546 3,626.508 5,352 113 49 6,007 5,785 9,1,59 19,114 41,873 354,851 508,281 600 282 $693,375 5,339 1,045 695 $ 185,683 6,924,629 11,402,919 2,0,56 98,798 $8,883,018 284,468 618,122 41,952 738 1,323,494 STATISTICS. 737 Vegetable products— Cereals— Barley, Buckwheat, Indian Corn, Oats, Eve, Wheat, Products, _ Tons^. (Irish), bu._ (Sweet) " - Tobacco, Lbs.. bu. Orchard Hay, Potatoes State. 1,707,120 280,299 111,877,124 2S,6()4,504 389,221 411,014,869 P,576,242 2,210,923 12,719,215 239,578 34,735,235 County. 13,517 8,744 740,589 262,510 7,448 346,931 157,642 20,276 202,572 80 551 10 to 15 Years— Male " Female 16 to 59 Years-Male " Female fSO and ovcr-ilale " Female Nativity— United States " Ireland- " Germany ■' Great Britain " Scandinavia " British America.. Other t^ountries.. NATIVE POPULATION" OF TOLEDO — 1880. Aggregate Population Born in the United States. Alabama 26 Arkansas - California 6 Colorado 11 Connecticut 199 Delaware 21 Florida 1 17 Georgia Uhnois -*' Indiana 61/ Iowa "i^ Kansas l^J Kentucky 194 Louisiana Ijf Maine ^^ Maryland I-IS Massachusetts 343 Michigan "^'^In Minnesota 20 Mississippi 2L . .. ,50,137 35,788 Missouri 80 Nebraska 8 Nevada 1 New Hampshire 82 New Jersey 161 New York 3,195 North Carohna 69 Ohio 26,254 Oregon 2 Pennsylvania ^'^^3, Rhode Island South Carolina ... Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia 194 West Virginia 12 Wisconsin 105 New Mexico 2 Utah 2 29 22 30 8 205 FOREIGN POPULATION OP TOLEDO — 1880. Total Population 50,137 Foreign born I4,ci-iy *Asia Atlantic Islands 2 Australia 3 Austria proper 47 Belgium 22 Bohemia 34 British America 1,427 Canada . 1,395 New Brunswick.. 7 Newfoundland.-- 3 Nova Scotia " Prince Edw'd Isl.. 12 *British America. 2 Chih <■ Cuba ^1 Denmark 74 *Europe __22 France 304 German Empire 6,809 Baden -176 Bavaria 321 Brunswick 1 Hamburgh 32 Hanover 331 Hessen 193 Mecklenburg 503 Nassau 2 Oldenburg 3 * Particular portion not specified *Prussia 2,413 Saxony 62 Wuertemburg 332 ^Germany 2,140 Gt. Britain & Ireland 4,040 England 899 Ireland 2,941 Scotland 180 18 Wales *Great Britain Greece Holland Hungary India Italy Liixemburg Mexico Norway Poland Portugal Russia South America.- Spain Sweden Switzerland 648 Turkey -1 West Indies 22 At Sea 3 1 92 55 1 17 27 2 (i 603 1 17 O 3 50 .. 1 Engaged in Agriculture. Persons so occupied Male Female Nativity — United States " Ireland " CTcrmany " Great Britain " Other Countries In Proft Persons engaged Male ^— Female Nativity— United States-.-, " ' Ireland " Germany " Great Britain " British America _ " Other Countries onal and Personal Services. 265 158 3,964 2,821 446 37 0,478 1,490 3,523 546 37 716 901 334 331 169 18 78 27 42 6,065 4,174 1,891 3,396 839 1,111 143 245 331 In Trade and Transportation. 5,081 4,953 128 150 160 241 Persons engaged Male Female „ „.,, , Nativity— United States •''■^-o Ireland ^^f " Germany ;;f" " Great Britain " British America " Other Countries In Manufacturing, Mechanical and Mining. Persons engaged ^2'l\l Male ^'^.J^ Female „ i^t Nativity-United States -— -i'2.%' Ireland 339 Germany ' '^^^ Great Britain -^"J British America f,q Other Countries 3.3l Charles A. Lamb took an enumeration of the i)opulation of Lucas County in July, August, September and October, 1850, with the follow- ing result : Port Lawrence (including Toledo) Wavnesfleld (including Maumee City) 3,970 2,375 Wa.shington l'J,°" PERSONS IN CLASSES OF OCCUPATIONS IN TOLEDO, 1880. Persons occupied..- }','c^t All ages-Male o'^^ia Female 3,016 Waterville . Springfield -- '' Sylvania-.. '^ INIanhattan Providence Oregon '^" Richfield ^^ Spencer ^„, Wing — -- ^ 12,339 945 77 2 528 483 416 738 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Population of Toledo at the dates named, as shown by census enumerations : 1840, returned in Juno 1,232 1844, •• February 4th 1,673 1845, " January 1st 1,925 1846 2.153 1847, returned August 1st 2,774 1852. •■ January 1st 6,412 1853. " December 1st . Floriculture and Forestry. 7. Livestock. 8. Mining and Metallurgy. 9. Mechan- ics and Machinery. 10. Manufactures. 11. Mer- chandise. 12. Commerce and Transjiortation. 13. Printing and Journalism. 14. Woman's Work. 15. Public Services and Charities. The Directors, in their announcement of the projiosed Exposition, state that it Will be demonstrative of a most' wonderful his- tory. The first century in the life of our State has been, perhajis, the most wonderful in the history of the race. The clearing away of the wilderness ; the 740 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. hardships of our pioneer life ; the growth of our population ; the development of our vast resources ; the accumulation of wealth ; the building of flourish- ing Cities ; the establishment of Public Schools ; the endowment of Colleges and Universities ; the build- ing of our vast Railway system ; the development of Arts; the ailvancemeiit hi general Education; our contribution to the defense of the Nation's life ; the building and enrichment of a million homes ; the in- vention and application of labor-saving machinery ; our great improvements in animal industry— all these things are the material of a wonderful history, which we would combine and crystallize in the great indus- ti'ial Ivxposition of our first centennial year. The Exposition will be held about two miles Northeast of the State House, in the City of Colum- bus, on a beautiful plateau comprising over 100 acres, the property of the State of Ohio. It will be opened with grand and impo.sing ceremonies, in which the military of Ohio will take an important part. The President of the United States and the members of his Cabinet ; tlie Governors of each of the States of the Union and their stati's; the Senators and Repre- sentatives in Congress; the Vice President and Su- preme Court of the United States ; leading Historians, Poets. Orators, Statesmen, Teachers, Editors, Minis- ters, Soldiers, and citizens from all sections of the country ; the officers of State and the members of the General Assembly of Ohio, will be eaekly, the ]'olksfreimd, has been published since 18S0, first by C. G. Bush, lately by E. V. E. Kausch. Rev. Martin Koehler jmldislied in 1880, Dcr Erangelifche Xenge, a religious monthly. A Circulating Library of several tliousand vol- umes, a donation by I). K. Marx, of Baden, to his son, .losejih E., and brouglit here by him in 1851!, furnished reading matter to the lovers of light literature for consideral)le time. During the last few years the German Teachers, assisted by the Frauen Verein, col- lected a fund with which they purchased a number of Juvenile books. The Public Library once also made a small purchase in this direction, which could profitably be repeated and increased. PKOFESSIONS, SCIENCE AND ART. In the profession of Law, the Germans have but , few representatives. Louis H. Pike, who occupies, with great credit, the Bench of the Court of Common Pleas of this County, and Lorenz Worr. We also claim Avery S. Hill as an adopted son of the Father- land, he having married a German girl, the daughter of Dr. F. J. Klauser, and obtained knowledge of the Crerman language. In the profession of Medicine, we find more en- gagele, D. Sansenbacher, Henry Schlegel, Philipp Junghans, and last, but not least, Anton Holzmann. The same difficulty occurs in detailing the part Giermans have had in the Grocery trade. While only three houses— E. & G. Marx, between 1851 and 1860, and Markscheffel Bros, and Stettiner, Landman & Co., somewhat later, endeavored to build up a Wholesale business, we find that in 1870, of 150 Retail Grocers, 71 bore German names. This propor- tion changed in 1880 to about 80 in 196, and in 1886 we find 278 enumerated, of which we recognize 104 as belonging to the nationality of which we write. It is evidently not within the scope of this work to recall even a minority of those which have occui>ied the available corners, and often the space between them, during the last 40 years, devoted to this busi- ness. Of those who went to rest long ago, Veit Wening will be remembered, George Redding, F. M. Kumpe, John Auth, Hansen and Schnetzler and August Engfer. Coming down to present time, we find Wuerfel Brothers, and M. Lotterer having gone out, Ferd. Johnson, Aug. Rail, Nic. Auth, John Scheuermann, Mich. Britsch, Aug. Broer, Charles and Henry Herroeder, Christ. Rudolph, Henry Spielbusch, J. J. Vollmeyer, John Wagenknecht, Overmeyer & Duden, Louis Metzger, as successor to Plumey & Metzger, still engaged ; and Everh. Poll- mann, Fred. Lange, Chas. Hand and John Manns, as later accessories ; while A. Rensch & Co. make a specialty of Cheese and similar goods. Of those dealing in Flour and Feed alone, the names of S. Salm, Millers & Diehl, Fred. Adams (suc- cessors to Chas. Oekel), Fred. Soltman and Bihl Brothers occur, while others might be mentioned. Dealing in Hardware, we find Heckman & Gerber before 1870 ; also Frederick Schaal ; five years later, Carl and George Braun, in the firm of Bostwick, Braun & Co., wholesaling to considerable extent; then Henry Kahlo & Co., paying particular attention to Carriage Hardware ; also Albert Will, succeeding his brother, Fritz Will (who took charge of the Rochester, New York, Stove Works), in the firm of Bacon & Will, E. A. Eversman, Stollberg & Kuhlman, and J. C. Weeber & Co., in Builders' Hardware, Tools, Paints, Oil and Glass. The oldest of all Ger- mans in this line is Henry Philipps, who embarked in it as early as 18.54, but turned' aside to make Agricultural Implements and Seeds his principal branch, in w'hich he is assisted by his sons. He erected, in 1870, the large Store front, Nos. 141 and 143 St. Clair Street, for his purposes. Since the close of the War, Henry G. Neubert has been selling China, Crockery and Glassware, on Sum- mit Street, having also established, with one of his former clerks, a branch on Cherry Street, under the style of Shelling & Co. For a shorter space of time, Hassenzahl, Daudt & Co. have been pushing the same lines, and into the wholesale trade. They lately incorporated as the Daudt Glassware and Crockery Company. Otto Schroeter, for 20 years, kept a large stock of Toys and Fancy Goods, and dis- poses of them exclusivel}' now at Wholesale. Of the Dry CTOods trade, Germans obtained a fair share. Fritz Opitz was in it as early as 1848; and Loescher & Reideraeister in 185.3. Previous to 1870, Neuhausel Brothers commenced, and they have con- siderably enlarged since ; while Ad. Schansenbach, of the same period, has gone out West. C. Daudt re- turned to Germany, and Graff went to Now York, when his partners (Henry Thorner and L. Franc) changed over to the Liquor houses. Lasalle & Eppstein's store, on the latter's decease, was con- tinued with Cohen, and afterwards Koch, as partner, Cohen going into business for himself in the begin- ning of 1886. S. H. Frank & Co. started during these withdrawals. Billstein & Co., since 1880, supplied the demand for Dry Goods on Broadway, and Gustav Trost on Neliraska Avenue. The Clothing business has been pre-empted by Germans largely since 1847, when D. Heinsheimer & Co. first entered the race; before the}' went out, in 1855, Fechheiraer & Co.; afterwards G. Goldsmith, Mack, Thorner & Co., succeeded by J. H. Thorner, S. Stet- tiner & Co., Benj. and M. Gitsky and Jacob Kraus, went in ; but the year 1870 found only B. Gitsky & Sons, and Kraus & Daiber on the lists ; with John Ketteman, .Joseph Simon, C. Weber & Sons (since J. W. & Bro.), and Ab. Sugarman coming in since. Kraus «& Roemer started as early as any, but diverged during the last 15 years to the Wholesale Manufac- turing and Piece Goods line, first under the style of Roemer & Stern Brothers ; then, as now, as Stern, Bloch & Co. Henry Kiest has been with the firm as Bookkeeper for nearly 20 years. From 1870 to 1874," the "Gerraania Insurance Com- pany, of which John F. Whitker was President, existed ; but the enterprise not proving profitable, it was wound up. Still, some Germans have remained in that business. We may name Valentine Braun, E. L. Valois, and Geo. Tanner & Son (Frank C), and Charles R. Fisher acts as Agent for Steamship Lines. While some Germans have not made a success of the Savings & Loan Association, nor the Bank of which they had the principal control, we find others as trustworthy Directors in National Banks and other moneyed institutions. Matthias Boos for a longtime was one of the Directors of the First National Bank ; Geo. A. Braun is still one of the Second National; B. Meilink and John Daiber, of the Merchant'.? Na- tional ; and Guido Marx has been since its beginning, in 1875, Director of the Toledo Savings Bank and Trust Co. The Mechanics Savings & Building Loan Associa- tion, of which Jos. E. Marx was Director in 1870,, has also well accomplished its purpose. While Railroads are usually built by associated capital, a short one (the Swan Creek Railroad) was THE GERMAN ELEMENT. 751 constructed by Conrad Huberich alone, to connect the factories on that Creek with the Lake Shore Road. It is still controlled by (ieruians. In coming to the last service usually rendered, that of Undertaking, Joseph Abele and Michael Hoeflinger are found ready to attend to it, C. 11. Schroeder carrying on with Bennett the same occu- pation in which Wm. H. Schroeder had undertaken before 1870. MILIT.\RY ITKSUITS. The same earnest and active zeal which our fellow-citizens born in Germany or their next de- scendants have displayed in all the fore-mentioned pursuits and vocations, they have also shown in taking active part in every movement for the best defense of the society of which they had become integral members. In June, 1.S.55, a call appeare^outheast corner of Summit and Jefferson Streets. With that establishment Mr. May was actively identified until his with- drawal from business in 1870. For some 3'ears he devoted considerable attention to Stock Brokerage in New York, where he spent con- siderable of his time. In 1871 he made an extended tour through (rreat Britain and Con- tinental Europe, and revisited the same in 1873, « hereby he added much of information, while greatly enjoying his travels. Politically, Mr. May was originally a Whig, subsequently acting with the Republican party when the same was organized, to the principles of which ho was strongly attached. During the War of the Rebellion, he was a steadfast supporter of the Government in its defense of the Union. He had neither ambition nor taste for public or official prominence, but was content faithfully to meet the obligations of a private citizen. For a long time he suffered severely from a disorder of the heart, causing much pain and inconvenience, all of which he met with patience. He died August 29, 1877, which event was an occasion of general sorrow in the community, and especially on the part of those who best knew him. A jjeculiar trait, and one which greatly promoted his success in life, was his indomitable firmness. This quality was shown while he was Postmaster in Hillsdale. It seems that his endorsement was demanded by the party in power for a particular measure connected with the Slavery agitation, when he promptly wrote acro.ss the back of the paper, indistinct letters, the word "Never." Con- trary to his expectation, and to the assurance of bis neighbors, he never again heard of the matter. An important element in Mr. May's business career consisted in bis rule of living within his means. Soeiall}', Mr. Maj^'s chief delight was with the little coterie of true friends, where he was much admired. His humor was ever fileasant and happy. /: ^i-<^c C /7U74i^ TRADERS AND MERCHANTS. 701 Naturally a student, he was ever ready with his store of inforniatioii for the enter- tainment and profit of listeners; while his private virtues gave special value to his mental attainments. Without ostentatious displaj', his active sympathy for the needy was well known among his acquaintances. He was an attendant at the First (Jongregational Church, Toledo, of which his family were members. It was within the sacred precincts of the domestic circle, that his true character was more fully revealed and most highly ap- preciated. It was there that his kindness of heart was most clearlj- seen and loved. Mr. May was married in 1S35 with Lucretia Corn- stock, who was born in the State of New York, May 6, 1816. Five children — two sons and three daughters — were born to them. The sons died while young George Heiny (aged 13) being drowned at Hillsdale. The daugh- ters are, Mary Elizabeth, wife of Henry A. Stevens, of Cleveland ; Harriet Georgiana, widow of the late Anthony W. Barlow, Toledo; and Gertrude, wife of William P. Heston, of Toledo. GEORGE EMERSON was born in Plymouth, Eichland County, Ohio, February 9th, 1820, and died at Toledo, July 28, 1887. He was a son of Avery Emerson, a native of Keene, New Hampshire, whose father, John Emerson, serv- ed in the Army of the Colonies throughout the Eevolutionary War. George's parents were married in Auburn, New York, the mother's maiden name being Sophronia Allen. They came West in 1819, locating in Plj-niouth on a tract of wild land, to the improvement of which Mr. Emerson's efforts were at once directed, with such success that ere long it was brought under good cultivation, and was productive of the crops common in the West. The experi- ences of Mr. Emerson and family were not different essentially from those of the great body of Western pioneers. luces.sant toil, limited resources, scant}" facilities, sickness and lack of educational, religious and social ad- vantages, made up the sum of life with them, through all which they made the heroic strug- gle which alone can win success in such a battle. Nine children were born to the par- ents — five sons and four daughters, of whom George was the eldest. Such relation devolved upon him ata very early period responsibilities and labors which taxed his activity. In 1837, finding his farm too small for the prospective needs of his family, Mr. Emerson removed to Steuben County, Indiana, where he purchased UOO aci-es of Government land. They were the very earliest family in the Township in which thej' settled. Here they were called to trials even moi-e severe than those met in Ohio ; but the indomitable will and energj' of the parents and older children soon made their mark upon the wilderness, and in due time they rejoiced in the possession of one of the best farms in that section. The nearest Grist and Saw Mills were in Lagrange County, 15 miles distant, and were reached only through the forests, by very imperfect roads. George attended the District School for a few winters while in Plymouth, such advantages being shortened by the burning of the only School House within reach. After arriving in Steuben he attended a School for one term. He remained at home, as.sisting his father until ho was 21 years old. When 22 years of age, ho had been able to pick up enough of education to qualify him to teach School. Having an ambition for trade, he en- gaged with a merchant in Fremont, Steuben County, remaining there about one year, when he returned to the farm, and soon commenced business on his own account, by purchasing his father's crop of wheat, which ho took to Fort Waj-ne, the transactioti netting a small balance. When 26 years of age, he found himself with a cash capital of $500, most of which had been saved from wages at 812.00 per month, or about $100 per year out of $144. He was chosen County Assessor, for which service he received $2.00 per day. In partnership with John Thompson, a wealthy man, who desired a store at Thompson's Mills (now Flint), he commenced merchandising at that place. In 1846 he went to New York for his first stock of goods, which included the usual range of country stores, and amounted to $2,800. His route East was via Hillsdale, Monroe and Tole- do ; thence by Steamer to Buffalo; by Canal and Railway to Albany ; and by River to New York. He was gone four weeks. He was two weeks in making his selection. His purchases were on six months' time, with the privilege of a year. The times seemed to be favorable for his enterprise. Besides a success- ful store trade, he purchased considerable wheat at 50 cents and .sold it for $1.00 ; and at the end of his first year, he had inade$l,()00, on his cap- ital of $500. In 1849 he removed to Orland, same County, where he continued trade, as senior partner of the firm of Emerson & Jack- son. Mr. C. L. Luce, late of Toledo, deceased, was then in trade at that place. In 1852 Mr. Emerson was elected Treasurer of Steuben County, notwithstanding the party of which he was the nominee was in a minority in the County. Such result was due to the effective support given him by Mr. Luce, who, a few days before the election, had started East with a drove of cattle ; but on reaching Maumee, Lucas County, Ohio, he became so apprehen- sive of Mr. Emerson's defeat, that he left his drove, made haste home, arriving just in time for effective work for his friend at the polls. In 1854 Mr. Emerson was re-elected Treasurer, meantime having removed to Angola, the County-Seat. In 1856 he purchased a Dry Goods Store at Angola, in which he was suc- cessful. He remained there until 1864 He 762 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. was a delegate to the Republican National Con- vention that nominated Lincoln in 1860. Com- ing to Toledo in 1864, as already stated, he purchased an interest in the Wholesale Grocery House of Bell, Holcomb & Co. After coming to Toledo Mr. Emerson repeatedly declined propositions for his nomination for public offices, including those of Member of Congress and Mayor of Toledo. The only public position he accepted was that of Sinking Fund Commis- sioner of Toledo, an office without emolument. He was for several years a Director in the First National Bank of Toledo. Of a retiring dispo- sition, averse to personal prominence, and de- voted to the important interests of thehouscof which he was the head, Mr. Emerson had the reputation of a sound, conservative business man, and a citizen of substantial worth in all respects, his influence, as were his sympathies, being always on the side of sound morals, good order and the well-being of his fellowmen. His record is specially valuable in showing what constitutes the true basis of an honorable and successful business life. Theyoungman, who, on a yearly income of $144, is able to lay by $100, as capital for future investment, not only cultivates the practice of economy, but at the same time trains his desires to the limits of moderate means and healthful habits of living. It may truly be said, tliat no similar event in Toledo has been attended with more expres- sion of sincere regret and respect, than was the death of Mr. Emerson ; and it was notable that such manifestation was freest and strongest from those who knew him best. A spontaneous meeting of members of the Wholesale Grocerj' trade was held at the office of Secor, Berdan & Co. but a few hours after his death, at which were adopted a preamble and resolutions bear- ing highest testimony to his business and private worth, setting forth that " his charac- ter for strict business integrity, honesty of purpose, and courteous deportment, was such as to endear him to every one who became in- timately acquainted with him." As a testi- monial of their esteem for the deceased, the members of the meeting resolved to close their respective places of business at the time of the funeral, and in a body attend the same. In accordance with such purpose every Wholesale House in the City was closed during the burial services, which took place at the residence of the family (corner of Madison and Eighteenth Streets), whence the remains were attended by a large concourse of citizens to "Woodlawn Cemetery, the pall bearers being employes longest with the firm of which deceased was the head. The Toledo Blade (July 30th), referring to the death of Mr. Emerson, said: "He was an unostentatious man ; but his heart was large and his impulses always in the right direction. Not in the history of Toledo has there been such an outpouring of sympathy on the part of the business men, as in the case of George Emerson. It was seemingly a slight tribute, but it meant more than words could tell." Mr. Emerson was married with Miss Nancy M. Kellogg, of Mottvilie, Michigan, in 1852. They had three cliildreu, of whom one, Mrs. Florence I., wife of Lawrence Newman, of Toledo, is now living. RUDOLPH A. BARTLEY was born in Wuertemberg, Town of Eafenepurg, Germany, May 9, 1851, and is a son of Gebbard and Josephine (Genter) Bartiey. He came witli his ]iarents to America in 1854. His father is a Miller by trade, and previous to his coming to America was engaged in milling. His par- ents first settled in Perrysburg, Ohio, but soon removed to Lucas County, where many years his father was engaged in farming, but of late years has lived a retired life in Toledo. Mr. Bartle3''8 boyhood was spent on a farm, where he became acquainted with the usual toil of a Farmer's son. His education was limited to the advantages afforded by the District School of the neighborhood, which he attended until his 17th year. At that time the natural in- clinations of his mind led him to abandon the farm for the wider field of commercial pursuits. He commenced his business career as Clerk for the Grocery firm of H. & F.Barnes, of Toledo, where he remained for two years ; after which he served for over three years in a similar capacity with J. A. Speyer. In 1871, Mr. Bartiey, in connection with EnosCousino, under the firm name of Coiisino & Bartiey, commenced the Grocery business at 307 Sum- mit Street. The undertaking, backetl by ex- perience, energj' and enterprise, was a suc- cess. In 1881, after 10 years of well-directed labor, Mr. Bartiey purchased his partner's in- terest in the business and became sole proprie- tor. During that year, he further extended his business by purchasing the Grocery stock and leasing the adjoining double store of J. C. Wuerfel. From this date until June, 1885, he occupied Nos. 303,305 and 307 Summit Street, and carried on both Wholesale and Retail Grocery trade. At the latter date he removed to his present more ample quarters, atNos. 272 and 274 Summit Street, where he has since been engaged in the Wholesale Grocery trade exclusively, which has already assumed large projjortions. In the building up of his pres- ent successful and growing business Mr. Bart- iey has displayed unusual business foresight, energj' and perseverance. His success can be attributed to fair and honorable business methods, a keen knowledge of the demands of trade and an untiring personal supervision, united with an economic administration of every detail of hisbusiness. Amongthe young- est men in Toledo engaged in his line of trade, he has already established for himself an enviable reputation as an honorable business man, and one whose success is built on such stable foundation. , ot , /o^^^^^r- '<^^t/LC^^tn.'Ui!::c^-u<_ TRADERS AND MERCHANTS. 762o ROBERT H. BELL was bora in Yoniigs- towD, Westmoreland County, Penu., December 10, 1823. In 1825, tbo family removed to Mid- dlebury (now within Akron, Summit County), Ohio. When 21 years of age, he went to St. Joseph, Mich., where, witli Edward Kent, he formed the firm of Bell & Kent, Merchants. In 1845 they removed to Chicago, for like busi- ness. As a result of the loss ot what was known as the " Wabash trade," through the opening of the Wabash Canal to Toledo, Chicago soon was brought to a crisis, which largely prostrat- ed its business, and reduced its population. After two j-ears of waiting for a revival, Mr. Bell decided to follow the lost trade, and came to Toledo in 1847. There, with the late James Deveau, be organized the firm of Bell & Deveau, the first exclusively Wholesale house in that City. They dealt in pretty much everything, save Hardwai-e, Drugs and Medicines. The hiistorj' of this establishment (now Emerson & Co.) is given on page 758. Mr. Bell retired from the house in 1872, and operated to some extent in real estate, the result of which, in consequence of the financial disaster following the panic of 1873, was nnlortunate. His active life was always identified with the public wel- fare in different ways. Commencingas a mem- ber of the Chicago Engine Co. No. 3, of which he was Foreman, he i-esumed such service on coming to Toledo, and maintained the same for a period of 18 years, during most of which time he served as Assistant and Foreman of Engine No. 1, and as Assistant and Chief Engineer of the Department, withdrawing in 18U6. It is safe to state, that to no other citizen is Toledo more deejily indebted for the efficiency of its Volunteer Fire Department, than to Mr. Bell, whose long and active devotion in that con- nection was without interruption. He also placed the peojtle of Toledo under special ob- ligation to him for courageous and effective service rendered during the different visitations of cholera (1849, 1852, 1854). Regardless of personal ease or safety, and with the open hand of liberality, he sought out and minister- ed to the needs of victims of that dread scourge, regardless of age, sex, condition or nationality. Like liberality and enterjjrise have distinguished him in connection with other matters of public concern, as occasion offered. Though never holding an office of IDrofit, he gratuitously served his fellow. citizens in different public positions, including those of Councilman and Alderman. Politically, he started life as a Whig, acting with that party until it was mei'gcd into the Kepublican iiarty, with which he since has acted, and of which he was the nominee for Sheriff in 1885, though not elected. Mr. Bell was married February 22, 1844, with Miss Delia A. Chittenden, at Akron. They had four children— John M., now of Chicago ; Nettie T. (deceased), wife of Alex. Backus, of Toledo ; Roberta, of Toledo ; and one dying in childhood. BLWOOD BATSMAN was born August 28, 1825, in Springboro, Warren County, Ohio. His parents, Jacob and Rachel (Mullin) Mate- man, were natives of Penn.sylvania — the father beingof Welsh-Knglish and the mother of Irish- English descent. For .several generations, their families had been identified with the Society of Friends, dating back well toward the day's of Fox. About 1807 a Mission was established by the Friends among the Indians in North- western Ohio, the location being the old Indian Village Waui)aukonnetta near the present Town of Wapakoneta, Auglaize County. Jacob Bateman forabout two years was Companion to the Missionary at that point. Associated with others, about' 1810, he laid out the Village of Springboro, the owners constructing Flouring and Saw- Mill and Carding Machine. At th'e Schools sustained by the Friends, the son's educational privileges were better than the average of Western pioneer settlements. When 18 years of age, he went to Cincinnati, to tnake his start in business life, and there spent three years in learning the trade of shoemaking In 1846, he went to Attica, Indiana, remainiuir there 13 years, being employed as Clerk in the Grain Warehouse of a brother, Kersey Jiate- man, and in a Dry Goods store. He went to Danville, Illinois, in 1859, and in connection with N. C. Porter, established a Grocery and Provision Store, remaining in successful trade for .seven years. In 1867, with Mr. Porter and a brother, Clarkson W. Bateman, he opened a Wholesale Boot and Shoe Store (firm of N. C. Porter & Co.), in Toledo. Withdrawing from this establishment in 1809, Mr. Bateman estab- lished at No. 441 (new number) Summit Street, the Grocery and Provision business which he has continued for the period of 19 years, with a degree of success and acceptability to cus- tomers not exceeded by any like establishment in Toledo, where he has justly come to be recognized as the leading Retail Dealei' in his line of trade, a man of ungxceptional ]iersonal habits, he has ever stood as a firm friend of sobriety and good order. Mr. Bateman was married September 5, 1850, with Miss Jane P. LaMont, of Owego, N. Y. They have had five children — LaMont, of Toledo; Mary, who died in childhood ; Caroline, wife of Frank P. Russell, San Jose, California; Rachel, wife of George J. Law, of Lincoln, Nebraska; and Ruth E., of Toledo. Mrs. Bateman is recognized as among the most active and efficient friends of Temper- ance in Toledo, having for many years taken prominent part in support of that cause, in connection with the Women's (christian Tcm- jjcrancc Union and other branches of the same work. JOHN B. KETCH AM was born August 27, 1832, at Cornwall, Orange County, New York His father, Samuel Ketchain, was a farmer and miller, who was married with Miss Rachel Sands, at Coi'nwall. .lohn B. remaineil at home 7626 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. until 20 years of age, working on the farm and attending District School during the Winters. In 1852, he came to Toledo, where ho soon en- o-ao-ed as clerk with Ketcham & Secor, and aft'er wards in like capacity, with Secor & Ber- dan. In 1854, upon the organization of the Wholesale Grocery house of Secor, Berdan & Co., he became a partner in the same, and contin- ued as such until 18G2. At this time, with Henry W. Gillett, he established the firm of Ketcham & Gillett, for the prosecution of the same business, which continued until 1864. when Mr. Gillett sold his interest to L. L. Morehouse and James M. Brighara, of Watcr- ville, the firm name becoming Ketcham, Brig- ham & Co. Mr. Brigham dying in 1869, the sur- viving partners continued as the firm ot'Kctch- am & Morehouse. In 1872, Charles W. Bond and .Tolin B. Ketcham 2d taking the interest of Mr. Morehouse, the firm of Ketcham, Bond & Co. was formed, and continued until tlie I'ctire- raent of the last two named partners,in 1 884, leav- ing the business with the senior partner, who con- tinued it until 1887, wlien it was finally closed, and Mr.Ketcham opened an office as Merchandise Broker and Manufacturers' Agent. Mr. Ketch- am served for seven years as a member of the Hook and Ladder Company, in the old Volun- teer Fire Department, and one year as Assist- ant Chief Engineer. He was married October 15, 1863, at Cleveland, Ohio, with Miss Mary E. Knott. They have two sons, Henry A. and John S. EMMOR A. ROOD was born near Eaven- na. Portage County, Ohio, March 4, 1838. His father, Norman Rood, was a native of Litch- field Countj', Connecticut, and his mother, Louisa (Tibbits) Rood, a native of Oneida C/Ounty, New York. The fiUher came West about 1821, and settled in Portage Count}-. The mother coming in 1827, they weremari'ied there. The father owned a farm which he managed, but his time was largely devoted to trade which took him much from honie. Em- mor was eldest of a family of 13 children — 10 sons and three daughter.s — which relation as years advanced, devolved on him special obli- gations, which were faithfully met. At 14 year.s, with one brother, he attended the Semi- nary at Hiram, Portage Connty, where their attention was divided between a small farm and that School. They found there James A. Garfield, then contributing to his expenses by caring for the fires and ringing the Seniinar3- bcU. Subsequently Emmor recited to Mr. Garfield. At 21 he commenced business life as traveling dealer in gun-powder, which he continued with special success until 1869. The following year he came to Toledo and was connected with the Union Manufacturing Company for two years. From 1872 u-ittl 1882 he was in the Grocciy and Provision trade on Monroe Street, and in 1884 resumed that business at his present stand. Northwest corner of Summit and Orange Streets. Plis life from the start, has been one of uninter- rupted activity, throughout which he has main- tained a record creditable to him. To the extent of oppoi'tunity, he has taken active interest in whatever concerned the moral or material well-being of his fellow-citizens. With Mrs. Eood, he is a member of First Baptist Church, Toledo. He was married at Pavenna, June 6, 1861, with Miss Sarah A. Dorraan of that Town. They have two chil- dren^ — Prentice B., and Mar}' Louise, both of Toledo. Of his father's family, have died the father and five children, leaving the mother and seven sons and one daughter. TORANCB D. PARKER was born near Bcllevue, Ohio, November 29, 1845, the resi- dence of the fiimily being a log-house. His parents were Joseph and Catharine (Adams) Parker, both natives of the State of Maine, the father and mother of Scotch descent. The chil- dren consisted of five boys and three girls. All of these arenow living, exceptone (Elbridge C), who was accidently drowned in 1855, near West Sisterlsland, Lake Erie. All except Torance D. were born in Maine. When he was three j-ears old, the family removed to Port Clinton, Ottawa County. The father was a Ship Carpenter, and supported the fiimily by such labor. The son enjoyed such educational advantages as were supplied by the Common Schools of the Village. When 17 j'ears of age (in 1863), he eidisted in the Union Army for the suppres- sion of the Rebellion, and served until the close of the War, receiving his final discharge July 4, 1865. In the Spring of 1866 he went to ()dell, Livingston County, Illinois, where he engaiied in the Boot and Shoe business, with a brother. This not proving a success, he rented laud and spent two years in tilling the soil. In 1872 he returned to Ohio, and bought 75 acres of land, to the clearing of whicli he devoted two years. Concluding that not to be his life- work, he came to Toledo in 1875, where he was engaged by the Lake f^hore Railroad Company as Special Policeman, and acted as such until 1878. Ho then engaged with Morgan Hollings- head (firm Hollingshead & Parker), in the business of Retail Grocerj^ and Meat Market, iM Monroe Street, which arrangement contin- ued for one year, when Mr. Parker took the business w-hich lie yet pursues at 412 Monroe Street, and where by strict application to bus- iness, and attention to everj- want of his pat- rons, he at present commands a very liberal and increasing trade. Mr. Parker was married at Toledo, December 7, 1880, with Miss Jessie Mehl. The}- have one child, Ralph A., now five vears of age. TRADERS AND MERCHANTS. 7fi3 DEY GOODS. As elsewhere shown, the pioneer dealer.s in Dry Goods in Toledo, were John Baldwin and Cyrus Fisher, who opened a small stock in 1823, being followed in 1828, by John and Marquis Baldwin, both at the foot of Monroe Street. These were small stocks. In 1831 came Lewis Godard's stock of general mer- chandise, in charge of S. L. Collins. In 1835, there were in such trade, A. Palmer & Co., Andrew Clark, W. J. Daniels & Co., and I. C. Smith. These were followed by a succession of dealers too long for statement here, many of whom are named elsewhere. Among the prominent Wholesale Dry Goods houses of the past, were Wm. Bolles & Co., Keeler. Hubbell & Co., followed by Cummings, Wason & Bolles, Eaton & Backus, Luce, Chapin & Blass, C. L. Luce & Co., and others, mentioned elsewhere in this volume. FREDERICK EATON, the well-known Dry Goods Merchant of Toledo, was born at Sutton, New Hampshire, February 10, 1836, and is de- scended from ancestors whose record in New England reaches back to the days of the Colo- nies. His paternal gre;U-grandfather com- manded a Company at the battle of Bunker Hill, and served in the Army throughout the Eevolutionary War. The parents of Mr. Eaton (John and Jeannette G. Eaton) were na- tives of New Hampshire. His father, whose occupation was that of a Farmer, died in 1873; his mother died in 1840. Of their family of nine children— six sons and three daughters — one daughter died in infancj'. The others are living. Two brothers — General John and Colonel L. B. Eaton — are graduates of Dart- mouth College, and have held conspicuous military and civil positions. The former entered the Army as Chaphiin of the 27th Ohio Volun- teer Infantry, and was afterw ards promoted, by recommendation of General Grant, to the rank of Brigadier-General, and jjlaced in com- mand of the " Contrabands" in the campaign from Ciiir'o to the Gulf of Mexico. After the War lie assisted in organizing the Freedman's Bureau, and in 1870 was apjjointed by President Grant, Commissioner of Education at Washing- ton, D. C, a position which he held until 1886. Colonel L. B. Eaton was in command of a Regiment in the Army of the Tennessee, and after the War was appointed by President Grant United States Marshal for West Ten- nessee. He has since represented the City of Memphis in the State Legislature, and is one of the wealthy men of that City. Mr. Eaton has one brother, a farmer, in Santiago, Cali- fornia; another is a Dry Goods merchant, at Grand Eapids, Michigan ; the youngest, Charles, being an Attorney -at-Law of the Toledo Bar. His oldest sister resides in Boston, and the other (unmarried) lives at home in New Hampshire. The boyhood of Mr. Eaton was passed at his rural home in Sutton, working on the farm and acquiring such knowledge as he could gain at the country Schools. Circum- stances com])elled him to forego the advan- tages of a Collegiate education, which to most aspiring youth is an object of worthy ambition ; but it does not alwaj s aftbrd the best training for business success. The j'oung man who learns to labor and practice self-discipline usually succeeds in the race of life. The Clerk who is willing to work at first for a small salary, and who saves his means, masters himself at the same time that he masters his business, and is much more likely to succeed than the young collegiate who relies upon his diploma. Mr. Eaton learned his business, and at the same time fitted himself for it in the school of experience. No College education could have made a merchant of him had he not possessed the requisite genius in himself. This was early foreshadowed by his choice of the mercantile occupation, and more fully manifested by the energy, persistence and suc- cess with which, amidst many discourage- ments, he developed the business during its early stages, and has finally crowned it with a success attained by few in his line of mercan- tile pursuit. Clerking only long enough to get a little means wherewith to establish business for himself, he was obliged to study the most rigid economy, as his salary at first was very small. He worked as a Clerk three 3ears in a country store for $50.00 for the first year, and an increase of $25.00 for each year thereafter, until the expiration of his contract. At the close of this engagement, he not only found himself with something in his pocket, but was so well up in proficiency and reputation as to be able to command a salary of §300 for a year's service in a large Dry Goods house in Man- chester, New Hampshire. At the expiration of his clerkship there, in August, 1856, Mr. Eaton came to Toledo, following his brother John, who had preceded him, and was at that time Superintendent of the Public Schools of the City. Mr. Eaton's first engagement in Toledo was as a Clei-k for Messrs. Hobart & Gleason, and then for Messrs. Keeler & Hunt. In September, 1857, was formed the firm of F. Eaton & Co. (Frederick and John Eaton, Jr.), who then opened a Dry Goods Store, at 115 Summit Street, with the savings of the partners as capital stock. The year of their commence- ment was inauspicious, for it was the year of the "great panic of '57," which was precipitated by the failure of the Ohio Trust ("ompany in October, and was widespread and disastrous in its results. They were among those who were enabled to pull through the panic, and in the Summer of 1858 located their business at 79 Summit Street, subsequently adding No. 77 to their establishment. In August, 1859, Asa 764 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LDCAS COUNTY. Backus, from Connecticut, succeeded John Baton, Jr., and the firm name became Eaton & Backus. In December, 1863, C. A. King, under an arrangement with the firm, having erected the fine building at the Northeast corner of Summit and Madison Streets, they there opened the Palace Store. In 1866, they removed to 169-171 Summit Street, which in 1872 was de- stroyed by fire, with heavy loss. During the same year was built the capacious quarters, 165-171 Summit Street, which are yet occupied. In 1872 Mr. Backus withdrew from the firm, and returned to Connecticut, and Mr. Eaton continued the business, as he has done to this time. Thus, for over 30 years has he held a position of prominence among the busi- ness men of Toledo. During that period his business has had a steady and successful devel- opment, growing with the increa.sing demands of a growing City and country, and with the enlargement of the Wholesale trade through- ovit the West. When he opened his fii'st store he had the assistance of a single Clerk, and, as he says, " slept upon the counter at night as a substitute for insurance policies and burglar- proof safes." Now over 2(t0 Clerks, Salesmen and Accountants are busily employed in the various departments, attending to the wants of a multitude of customers. As an illustration of the growth of the business, it may be stated that the first year the sales amounted to $15,000, while in 1887 they reached the large sum of $1,250,000. The two stores occupied by the principal business are the largest in the State, with the exception of a similar establishment in Cincinnati, and are thoroughly supplied with all the best modern appliances for the transaction of trade. With succeeding 3'ear8 other departments have been added to that of Dry Goods, such as Notions, Millinery, Cloth- ing, Boots and Shoes, Hats and Caps, Carpets, Upholstery, Furs, Crockery, etc. In the de- velopment and successful management of this large business, Mr. Eaton has attained to first rank among the merchants of his State. He possesses a keen, active intellect, and great energy and business sagacity. While able to generalize rapidly, he has acquired complete mastery of the details necessary to success in a large mercantile business, such as he is carry- ing on. The remarkable success which he has achieved has been due largely to these quali- ties, together with the unremitting personal supervision which he lias always given to his affairs. He is as active and alert to-day in overseeing every detail as he has ever been at any period of his life. Few men watch their business more closelj', or look more sharply after the leakages which might soon carry away a fortune. His means and energies have not been devoted exclusively to merchandise. Mr. Eaton has always been actively interested in public improvements, and in many enterprises calculated to advance the growth and prosperity of the City. He was one of the founders of the Milburn Wagon Works, and has been a stock- holder in that corporation since its organiza- tion. He is one of the Directors of the Gen- dron Iron Wheel Companj-, which he helped to organize ; also a stockholder in the Union Manufacturing Company, the Toledo Moulding Company, the Citizens' Electric Light Com- pany, and the Tri-State Fair Association, and has been from the first, one of the Directors in the latter organization. He aided in estab- lishing the Merchants National Bank, and the Merchants' and Clerks' Savings Institution of Toledo, and has been a Director (and is now Vice President) of the former for 16 years, and of the latter for 15 years. While he has been thus actively identified with the commercial and industrial development of the City, he has also been an earnest worker and generous contributor in behalf of her moral, religious and charitable institutions. He is a member of the Advisory Board of the Prot- estant Orphans' Home of Toledo, and has been a member of First Congregational Church since 1858, and is one of the Trustees. In politics he is a Eepublican, but has never sought or held any political oflSce. Mr. Eaton was married March 8, 1861, with Mi-ss Mary H., daughter of R. M. and Sophia Shirlej-, of Goffstown, New Hampshire. Their only child (a daughter), died in 1876, at the age of 10 years. Mrs. Eaton died January 2, 1887. CHARLES LEVERETT LUCE was born in Windsor, Ashtabula County, Ohio, August 12, 1826, and died at Toledo, September 15, 1886, aged 60 years, one month and three days. His father, Joshua W. Luce, was a farmer. His mother was Mary (Gray) Luce. In 1836, when the son was 10 years of age, the family removed to Steuben County, Indiana, where the father pm-chased land, which he tilled. To this time, Charles's educational advantages had been limited to a District School, and he had no such advantages thereafter, beyond what he was able to pick up, being employed on the farm until he was 21 years of age, save a por- tion of the time when engaged with his brother, Cyrus G. Luce, now (1888) Governor of Mich- igan, in running a Carding Machine and Cloth- Dressing. Meantime, the financial condition of the father was such as to tax fully the resources of the sons, who to the extent of their abilities in labor and self-denial, met the demands of the hour, and with success. What was involved in such struggle, none but those acquainted with the conditions of a new and sparsely settled country, can judge. Arriving at his majority in 1847 (the partnership with his brother having been closed), Charles went into a Store as Clerk, to take such wages as his employer, upon trial of him, should see fit to pay. He soon was placed on a salarj- of $15.00 ~y ''^HTMalharSky^^ TRADERS AND MERCHANTS. 7()5 per month, with board. Remaining there for one J'ear, he made arrangements for opening a iStore on liis own account at Orland, Indiana, and visited New York for the purchase of goods for such purpose. As capital for the venture, he had $350, the protits on 40 acres of wheat wiiich his father had permitted him to raise on the fiirm. Without letters of credit, so common in such cases, he was left, as basis for purchase, chiefly to the small sum at his command, and whatever of confidence his sim- ple statement and personal appearance might do for him. Suffice it to sa_y, he found no difficulty in obtaining all the goods he wished, which were shipped to Orland, when his business life was fairly inaugurated. From the start it was a success, so much so that ore long he opened a second store at Angola, in the same County with Orland, in which were employed as Clerks, Frederick C. Chapin and James Blass. In 1856 Mr. Luce engaged largel}- in the Cattle trade — purchasing stock in his neighborhood and taking them to New York for market. It was in connection with one of these trips, that occurred the incident (so characteristic of him), mentioned in the biograjihical sketch of Mr. George Emerson, elsewhere. Mr. Luce continued in business in Indiana until 1865, Mr. Chapin meantime be- coming associated with him. At the date named was formed the firm of Luce, Chapin Hz Blass, wMiich came to be so well known in the Wholesale Dry Goods trade at Toledo. Their first location was at 176 Summit Street (old number), whence they soon removed to 32-34 Summit Street (old number), remaining there until the removal in February, 1873, to the present location, 132-134 Summit (old number). In 1874, the co-partnership having expired hj limitation of time, Mr. Luce continued the business, under the firm name of C. L. Luce & Co., which arrangement existed until his death. Not long thereafter was organized The C. L. Luce Com2:)any, by which the business is yet (1888) continued. With all the constant demands of a large business on his attention, Mr. Luce found time for active co-operation with his fellow-citizens in many directions for the common welfare. The various local enter- prises designed for such purpose, wei'e sure to have his sympathies and largel}' his active and efficient support. From time to time, during his 21 years residence in Toledo, he was asso- ciated with various enterprises of public nature. Ho was a stockholder and a Director in the Toledo, Ann Arbor and Northern liailroad ; in the Toledo, St. Louis and Kansas Cit}- liail- road; in the TurnbuU Wagon Com])any; and in the Second National Bank of Toledo. For many years he was largelj- interested in Toledo Street Railways. Few of the business men of Toledo took as active an interest as did Mr. Luce in current political affairs, though never with reference to official position, the few offices held by him being purely of a local character, as member of the Board for the Equalization of Taxes, and of the City Sinking Fund Commission, in both of which his judgment was very serviceable. Politically, he was a Republican, as he formerly was a Whig, and was always recognized as potential in party matters. Throughout his long bu.siness life, his upright bearing and sound discretion were fully recognized and appreciated, giving him much influence wherever his name was known. Such exceptional power was due, first, to his known intelligence and sound judgment; and second, to the characteristic indejiondence and frankness of his treatment of questions challenging his attention. He knew no fear in the utterance of his opinions, but mot all points of difference fi'om the stand-point of reason and justice. Hence, the special influ- ence of his judgment. His unremitted devo- tion of time and effort to the various interests engaging his attention— especially his large mercantile trade, extending over several States — finally proved too much even for his strong constitution and careful habits of life; and for some time before his death, he was compelled largely to suspend active participation in business. His death was regarded as a special loss to Toledo, as shown by the general expres- sion of regret on that occasion. The funeral services were held at his late residence, 541 Summit (old number), and were attended by large numbers of citizens, including members of the various branches of trade. Reverend Albert S. Hobart, Pastor of First Baptist Chui-ch, conducted the services, assisted bj' Reverend Wm. W. Williams, Pastor of First Congrega- tional Church. Mr. Luce was married at Orland, Indiana, October 2, 1850, with Miss Elmira Childs, who survives him, as do their five children — Mrs. Jesse G. Gould, Mrs. Clar- ence Brown, Mrs. Wm. H. Harrison, Mrs. F. W. Rundell, and Arthur B. Luce, all of Toledo. GEORGE SOHEBTS was born November 19, 1842, in the Village of Kirchehrenbach, 18 miles East of Bamberg, Bavaria. His father (George Scheets) and familj' came to the United States in 1852, arriving at New York, June 5th. They located at Perrysburg, where the father died of cholera, during the severe epidemic of 1854, which was attended by 104 deaths, including those of many of the most intelligent and prudent residents. The son attended the Public Schools of Perry.sburg, and for a limited term St. John CJoUege, Cleveland, leaving the latter for lack of means for staying. At 14 j'ears of age, he entered the Book Store of John Powers, then Postmaster at Perrj's- burg. Being able to read and write both English and German, he proved specially ser- viceable in that position, and remained there for three years, when he engaged in the Dry Goods Store of W. J. Hitchcock, 7(i(> HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. remaining there until the Eebellion was in- augurated in 1861. At the age of 19, he enlisted, August 25th, for three j-ears, as private in Company C, Twenty-First Ohio Yolunteer Infantr3-. His special fitness therefor soon caused his detail as Quartermaster-Sergeant, in which capacity he served with credit. In October, 1864, during Sherman's March to the Sea, he was appointed as Adjutant of the Regi- ment, hj Colonel Arnold McMahan, and served as such until mustered out with the Eegiment in August, 1865, meantime (July 12, 1865) having been appointed as Captain, for merito- rious service. The following mention is made of Captain Scheets, in " Ohio in the War," to wit: "The survivors of the Regiment retired with the Army to Chattanooga, where itarrived September 22d, and remained until January 1, 1864, when it re-enlisted as a Veteran organ- ization, mainly through the efforts of Quarter- master Daniel Lewis, Quartermaster-Sergeant George Scheets and the non-commissioned officers of the Regiment." Captain Scheets was absent from his command but once during the four years of his service, and that was on vet- eran furlough. He participated in the cam- paigns under Thomas, Eosecrans and Sherman, and in all respects met the demands upon him as a faithful, loyal Soldier. In September, 1865, with the small savings of a Soldier, he opened a general merchandise store in East Toledo, with Colonel McMahan as partner. At the end of a year, he purchased the interest of his partner, and has since conducted the busi- ness alone, meantime (in 1868) erecting the fine brick block No. 28 Front Street, in which he yet conducts a successful trade. Though actively identified with the Republican party, he has preferred strict attention to business to office-seeking. In 1871, in the interest of his immediate neighbors, he consented to serve them in the City Council, during which time he contributed materially to securing the free bridge which now connects East Toledo (Sixth Ward) with the balance of the City. In 1885, upon the resignation of Mayor Romeis (then elected to Congress), Captain Scheets was chosen by the City Council for the vacancy, serving until April of that year. He has been prominently identified with the work of the Grand Army of the Republic. One of the original members of Ford Post, he has been its Quartermaster since its organization. He was Quartermaster. General on the Staff of General J. B. Steedman, while Commander of Ohio Department, G. A. E. With the late Charles A. Crane he was specially active and efficient in securing the Soldiers' Monument in Willow Cemetery, Oregon Township. Captain Scheets, for 23 years, has been prominently identified with the severe struggles of East Toledo, as part of the City, and has always taken an active part in whatever pertained to the interests of that locality, in both its material and its moral growth and development, and now has the satisfaction of seeing the small Village, " Yon- dota," assume an importance among the Wards of the City second to none. He, eminently, is a self-made man. Coming to this countrj- in his childhood, without the aids of fortune, and soon bereft of a father's care, he has had none but himself for reliance in the battle of life. Whether as citizen, or business man, he has ever maintained a character for honor and use- fulness, the secret of his success lying in the two words: -'Industry — Integrity." HARDWARE. As in the cases of Dry Goods, Groceries, Ac. Hardware was for many j'ears a department in the general stock of merchandise. It assumed increasing importance from year to year, until promoted to a separate position in trade. The earliest record found of distinctively Hardware Stores, are those of Kirkiand & Whitaker and A. Palmer & Co., in 1844, the former soon be- ing followed by S. & J. H. Whitaker. In 1856, came the firm of W. & C. B. Roff. We find in 1887, five Wholesale houses in this branch — Bostwick, Braun & Co., Whitaker & Co., E. G. Bacon & Co., Stolberg, Clapp & Briggs, and E. A. Eversman. WILLIAM ROFF was born at Newark, New Jersey, September 10, 1802. His father (Stephen Roff) was a Shoe Manufacturer, and for many years carried on his business at New- ark, where he died. At the breaking out of the War of Independence, his grandfather on his maternal side was appointed Surgeon in the Continental Army, and was killed at the battle of Springfield, New Jersey. The sou was edu- cated in the Private Schools of Newark, and early evinced a taste for commercial pur- suits. At an early age he commenced his business career as Clerk in a Hardware Store. A few years thereafter he went to Savannah, Georgia, and obtained employ- ment in a general Store, conducted by an uncle, with whom he remained about three years. After this he went to Charleston, South Carolina, where he entered a Hardware Store as clerk. In 1833 he visited Mobile, Al- abama, and New Orleans, spending some three years, and then commenced business at New- ark, New Jersey. After several j-ears of marked success there, he retired from active business. Up to this period his business ventures had proven remarkably successful ; but retirement from the active cluinnels of trade, thus early in life, illy suited his energetic nature, and after a few years of rest, with his brother, Cliarles B., in 1850 he opened a Hardware Store at Racine, Wisconsin, under the firm name of W. & C. B. RofF, which was continued until 1856, when they removed to Toledo, and established a ...^-#- / ' ^■ ^^ >^ 4' "% -^'^ffy^x.f^ tu^i^jgr. M. ^o^L^^ TRADERS AND MERCHANTS. 767 Wholesale and Eetail Hardware Stoi-e on Sum- mit Street. Their trade rapidly increased and soon occupied the first place in their line of trade in the City. In 1868 Mr. Roff retired from the firm, before and since which date, several changes occurred in Ihe personnel of the firm, but a continuation of the orij^inal firm is represented by the large Wholesale and Eelail Hardware Store of Bostwiek, Braun & Co. Mr. Eoff was originally a Whig in jiolitics, but soon after the formation of the Republican party attached himself to that organization, and al- though never an intense partisan, has since been a consistent upholder of the principles of that party. He has never held political office, though often entreated by friends to allow his name to be used as a candidate for such. By well directed efforts in the legitimate channels of trade, Mr. Roff has succeeded in securing an ample fortune. He lives a retired, unassuming, modest life, as best suited to his taste and inclinations. Already many years past the allotted three score and ten, he enjoys remarkably robust health, and is quietly pass- ing his remaining years in a community where he has so long resided and where by an honora- ble life-work he has justly gained the respect and esteem of all. January 12, 1860, Mr. Roff was married with Mary Chandler, who died April 6, 1887. OSOAR ALONZO BOSTWICK was born in Ravenna Township, Portage County, Ohio, June 12, 1830. His parents vvere among the earliest settlers of that Township, his father being a builder and contractor. Opportunities for education were then verj- limited in that section, of which the son availed himself, so far as was practicable. He worked on the farm and at the Joiner's trade until arrived at his majority, when he entered the office of Bidwell & Brothers, Forwarders, at Pittsburgh, Penn- sylvania, who were running a line of Steamers and Canal-Boats on the Ohio River, tlie Ohio and Pennsylvania Canals and the Lakes. Upon the completion of the Ohio and Pennsylvania Railroad (now the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago), the for^^arding business was de- stroyed, when 31r. Bostwiek returned to Ra- venna and entered the Hardware Store of E. T. Richardson, remaining there until 1854. He then made a trip to the Northwest, visiting St. Paul, where he was engaged in the Wholesale and Retail Clothing business and remained for one and a half years. Returning to Ravenna he engaged in the Hardware trade as a member of the firm of F. A Curtis & Co. Owing to the effects upon trade of the panic of 1857 and at- tendant drouth in Northwestern Ohio, their establishment was removed to Fremont, Ohio, in 1859. Mr. Bostwiek, in 1861, disposed of his interest in trade to his partner, and purchased the establishment of Brown & Hunt, at Perrvs- burg. In 1862, he engaged as salesman for W. & C. B. Roff, Wholesale Hardware dealers, To- ledo ; and in 1805, disposing of his Perrysburg interest, he became a partner of the firm of Roff & Company, then formed. In 1868, C. F. and G. A. Braun bought out William Roff, and in 1873, Charles B. Roff sold to his jiartners, when the firm of Bostwiek, Braun & Company was organized, as now (1888) existing. Mr. Bostwiek was married February 10, 1856, with Miss Maria Louisa, daughter of Colonel Wilcox, of Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. They have two chil- dren — Frank A., now in the Hardware business at St. Paul, Minnesota; and Luella Maria, wife of Freeman P. Strong, of Strong-Hackett Hard- ware Company, St. Paul. RANDALL G. BACON was born in Steu- ben County, New York, October 23, 1837. He traces his ancestry back to the hardy stock of American pioneers who made their mark in the early history of New England settlements, and whose descendants subsequently made like record in Western New York and in the great West. His father was of German descent and was born in Steuben County. His mother was of New England origin. His boyhood was uneventful, and until arrived at man's estate, he remained in his native County. Early in 1862 he enlisted in the One Hundi-ed and Forty-Eighth Volunteer Infantry Regi- ment, serving as First Sergeant of Company B. At the end of 18 mouths, he was transferred to the Thirty-Eighth Regiment of Colored In- fantry Regulars, was commissioned as First Lieutenant and assigned to Company F. He took part in all of the engagements of his Regiments, and was wounded April 5, 1865, at the siege of Richmond, and is now in receipt of a pension. June 5, 1805, he was mustered out of the service. Recuperated from the effects of his service in the field, he turned his eyes to- ward the West in 1867, and after prospecting awhile, located that year in Toledo and entered the Store of Roff & Co., the Hardware business already having been his choice. He remained with that firm nine years, and in 1876 he made a start as a Hardware merchant on his own account. His progress, though steadily on- ward, was not achieved without a hard fight. Whatever he has won, he has won well and deservedly, and it is of course to him an abun- dant satisfaction to know that he is a self-made man in the strictest meaning of the word. His first partner was Frederick Will, who after three years, was succeeded by Albert Will. In April. 1886, the latter retired. The firm is now R. G. Bacon & Co., George P. Metz- ger being a partner. Mr. Bacon is Republican in politics, and a member of the Episcopal Church. He is identified in a ])rominent way with various civil bodies, including the Grand Army of the Republic, tlie Knights of the Golden Rule, the A. O. U. W., the National Union, and the Independent Order of Odd 768 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LDCAS COUNTY. Fellows (being now a member in the Toledo Lodge 402). Mr. Bacon was married in Toledo in 1872 to Mr,s. Nellie Clark, daughter of James Conorton, one of the leading citizens of Tecumseh, Michigan. His father, who settled in Portland, Ionia County, Michigan, in 1872, and for 10 years was well known in that sec- tion as a prominent and prosperous farmer, died at that place in 1882. His widow still re- sides there. Mrs. Bacon was born at West Farms, Westchester County, New York, No- vember 1, 1846, the family removing to Tecum- seh, Michigan, in 1868. She has been identi- fied with benevolent work in Toledo for 20 years. With other ladies, she was instrumental in securing the Bethel, near the old Union Eailroad Depot, Middle Ground, of which Eev. S. M. Beatty was long the Chaplain. She was a charter member of Forsyth Eelief Corps, No. 1; has just entered her ninth year as Chair- man of the Xenia Home for Orphans of Soldiers and Sailors, devoting much time to that ser- vice; and has been a member of the Board of Directors of the Toledo Humane Society from its organization. With Mr. Bacon she is a member ofTrinity Protestant Episcopal Church, Toledo. NOTIONS AND FANCY GOODS. In a Retail way, this branch of trade has ex- isted in Toledo for the past 40 years. In 1870 were the following houses: L. S. Baumgardner & Co., Black & Hoffman, M. Hunker, O. Schroe- ter, and Sherwood, Barker & Co. In 1887, we find L. S. Baumgardner & Co., Davis Brothers, The C. L. Luce Company, Otto Schi-oeter, and E. C. Shaw & Co. in Wbolesale trade. The firm of L. S. Baumgardner & Co., dealers in Notions and Fancy Goods, was organized and began business in Toledo in March, 1866, on second floor of 78 Summit Street. The firm consisted of L. S. Baumgardner, B. Berbower and Dr. T H. Baker, all citizens of Wooster, Ohio, the former two coming to Toledo as active partners, and the latter remaining at Wooster. The parties began operations under special embai-rassments, from being sti-angers not only to the people with whom they were to do busi- ness, but to the department of trade in which they engaged. January 1, 1868, for the pur- pose of securing more adequate accommoda- tions, they moved into the block, 84 and 80 Summit Street, when E. G. Richards became a partner of the firm, and the firm name became Baumgardner, Richards & Co. The next year Mr. Richards retired, and the firm was L. S. Baumgardner & Co. In 1869, Dr. Baker died, his interest being taken by Lyman Robison. Mr. Berbower's health failing, he was suc- ceeded by S. M. Owen, who remained in the house for five years, when the partnership hav- ing expired by limitation, Messrs. Robison and Owen retired, and E. B. Robison and A. T. Colburn, successful Salesmen, became partners. January 1, 1875, Mi\ Colburn withdrew, to be- come a member of the successful house of Weed, Colburn & Co. Edson W. Baumgardner was admitted, January 1, 1876, when the firm con- sisted of L. S. and E. W. Baumgardner and E. B. Robison. In 1880, the house moved from 122 and 124 Summit Street, to the corner store of Hall Block {St. Clair and Jefferson Streets), where it remained until that building was burned, December 15, 1882. The firm then lost nearly all of its stock ; but the good fortune of an insurance nearly covered the loss. E. B. Robison then retii'ed and went to Kansas City, Missouri, where he is yet in business. The firm was reorganized and business continued by L. S. and E. W. Baumgardner, the present members, and the store 118 Summit Street taken , a new stock at once provided, and business re- opened within .30 days of the fire. January 1, 1885, the store was removed to its present loca- tion, 114 and 116 Summit Street. From the first, this house has been with the foremost in Toledo, in financial standing and public con- fidence. LEANDEB SOLOMON BAUMGARDNER, a Merchant of Toledo, was born in East Union Township, Wayne County, Ohio, February 10, 1832. Peter Baumgardner, the father, was a native of Baden-Baden, Germany, coming to the United States in 1812, when he was 14 years of age. He was married with Catharine Heller, a native of Hellerston, Pennsj'lvania, and also of German descent. The couple came to Ohio in 1830, settling in Wayne County. When but 10 3-ear8 of age, Leander was " bound out " to a farmer, a provision of the contract being, that the boy should attend School during each Winter of his indenture — an agreement which was not made good. In spite of such denial of educational privileges, however, Leander so well improved the limited opportu- nities available, that before reaching his major- ity, he was himself qualified to teach School, which he did for two seasons. He remained in farm work until his 22d year, when, j'ielding to a sti'ong desire for mercantile life, he united with his older brothers, J. H. and T. P. Baum- gardner, forming the firm of J. H. Baumgardner & Co., which opened a store for the sale of drugs, stationery, musical instruments, etc., at Wooster, in 1854. So successful was this ven- ture, that within three years the firm resolved to provide a building for their special use, and proceeded to erect the " Arcadome Building," with a public hall in the upper story, which supplied the first accommodations of the kind in Wooster. Here the firm published a news- paper, mainly as a medium for their own ad- vertising, the editorial chai'ge of which was v^^^-? ia^y7 I TRADERS AND MERCHANTS. 769 with L. S. and J. H. Baumgardner. Tlie for- mer of these took part in organizing the Woos- ter Library Association, a successful and useful institution. In 1865, Mr. Baumgardner dis- jjosed of liis interest in tlie store, and for a year was on a farm which lie had purchased at Cuy- ahoga Falls, Summit County. Not satisfietl with such life, in 186(j he came to Toledo, and founded the firm of L. S. Baumgardner c*t Co., lor wholesale trade in notions, gents' fui-- nishing goods, etc. The success of this arrange- ment was assured from the start, and its busi- ness has steadily grown, until it has reached tlie large annual aggregate of $400,000. The present tirm is composed of Mr. Baumgardner and his nejjhew, Edson W. Baumgardner. Be- ginning life, as already shown, without the most ordinary advantages of the farmers' sons, by the sheer force of'an indomitable will guid- ing and sustaining the practice of industry, encrg}', economy, and the strictest integrity, Mr. Baumgardner has been enabled to estab- lish himself in the front rank of mercantile men of Toledo and Northwestern Ohio, while en- joying a liberal accumulation of honest gains, as the just fruits of active and judicious man- agement. While thus watchful and devoted in the pursuit of life's business, he has been by no means indifferent to or neglectful of the claims which every community have upon the citizen ; but has at all times promptly recognized what- ever call his fellow-citizens might make for his best counsel and active help. As a leading or- ganizer and the first President of the Tri-State Fair As.9ociation, in 1876, he contributed largely to the exceptional success which has marked the history of that enterprise, which, without working capital, during the seven years of Mr. Baiimgardner's service as President of the As- sociation, took in over $260,000, paid larger premiums and larger dividends on its stock tlian any other similar institution in the coun- try, at the same time accumulating permanent improvements to the amount of SGO,000,without indebtedness of any sort. Mr. Baumgardtier was active and effective in the organization of the Merchants' and Manufacturers' Exchange, which for several years bore a prominent and useful part in the promotion of the mercantile and industrial interests of Toledo. From his early residence here, he has been identified largely with whatever concerned the religious, moral, educational or material well-being of the City — never hesitating or stopping to consider personal ease or personal popularity, when duty seemed to call. In political affairs, he has acted with the Eepublican party, in whose councils he has been potential for the prevalence of the policy and aim of patriotism and purity. In 1879, he was the candidate of his party for Mayor of Toledo, being defeated with his asso- ciate nominees, though receiving the compli- ment of the support of many political opponents; at the same time losing many votes, in conse- quence of his known earnest and consistent reeoi'd in opposition to what was known as the saloon or lifjuor interest. In 18H0, he was a prominent candidate for nomination as the Re- publican candidate lor Congress, J. M. Ilitchie being the nominee. After the organization of the Citizens' Electric Light Comjjany, and the embarrassed condition of the same, Mr. Baum- gardner was called to its management as Pres- ident, and succeeded in securinga combination of the United States, Brush and Thom])son- Houston Companies under one organization, with a capital stock of $150,000, of which he became and still is the President. This Com- panj-, at the present writing, is a competitor for a contract for lighting the City of Toledo, with reasonable certainty, that if not successful in that purpose, it will at least serve the people of Toledo in securinii; very material reduction in the cost of gas. Mr. Baumgardner is a Di- rector in the Great Western Pin Company- at Toledo, which he helped to organize; and Presi- dentand Treasurer of the Toledo Cotand Wring- er Co., which is doing a large business in its line. He is largely interested in the develop- ment of valuable real estate within the City. Asa member of the Board of Equalization, he has done much toward the establishment of more just and equitable rules and standards for the taxable valuation of City property. He is a member of Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church, iind of the Vestry of the same, and also President of Trinity Library' Association, a helpful aid in the prosecution of the work of that Church. For several years past be has been an Odd Fellow, and a member of the Le- gion of Honor, and Royal Arcanum. April 25, 1858, Mr. Baumgardner was married with Miss Matilda E. Miller, daughter of David Miller, of Akron, Ohio. Mrs. Baumgardner has ever borne a leading and most useful part in not only the religious work other Church, but in the dispensation of true charity and aid to the needy of the communitj', especially in the management of the Protestaut Orphans' Home and of the Protestant Hospital. BOOKS AND STATIONERY. The first store for the sale of Books and Stationery, of which record is found, is that of Erastus Boys & Co. in 1838. Previously a few School books, with paper, quills and ink, had been kept by merchants. The stock of the firm named would make a poor showing in the presenceof a Book and Stationery establishment of the present day. In early times most of the quills used were obtained directly from the goose, while much of the ink was a decoction of barks of trees. In 1840 H. N. Wadswoi-th had a Book Store in " Lower Town," and in 1841 Fairbanks & 770 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Blaucbaril (Publishers of the Blade) were to some extent in the trade. For manj- years, beginning about 1843, Decius Wadsworth was the most prominent dealer in this line. After- wards came D. H. Nye, Nye & Johnson, Nye Brothers, R. Chadwick, Anderson & Fuller, Edwin Jackson, N. M. Landis, "W. S. Dodd, and others. In June, 1858, a young man from Newark, New Jer.sey, reached Toledo, in search of a location for his business life. Alter careful examination, he concluded to make his venture hci'c; and with a cousin, then a Telegraph Operator at Man.stield, Ohio, it was arranged that a "News Depot" for the sale of news- piapers, periodicals and stationer}-, be establish- ed, the first of the kind in the City. Where- upon, was formed the firm of Brown & Bald- win, the partners being Theodore J. Brown and George W. Baldwin. By the terms of their contract, they were to contribute, in cash or goods, equally to the capital stock; it being provided that in consitleration that Mr. Brown " personally superintend the store," he be allowed S4.00 per week for such service — both, at the same time, agreeing " to go into no speculation whatever, without the consent of the other." The i:ii-emise8 occupied were in what was long known as " California Row " — consisting of small wooden buildings on the North side of Summit Street, and extending East from Adams. The building was of one story, and about 12x15 feet in size, the new firm occupying one-half the .same, for which was paid a weekl\ rent of S2.00. Thus arranged, business was commenced July 1, 1858, with Mr. Brown as " managing partner." Even then, the acquaintances made had given encouragement to tlie proprietors to hope foi a favorable reception. From the start, a care- ful record of business affairs was kept. From this, it is shown that the firm started out with capital stock as follows : From Mr. Brown, in goods, $14.78 ; and in cash, $8.78. Prom Mr. Baldwin, mainly ingoods, $57.96— total, $81. 52. The first week's trade amounted to $4.75; the second week, to $10 36; the third week, to $15.55; and the fourth, to $18.54— making a total of $55.31 for July. In August, this was increased to $84.05 ; the total for the first six months amounting to $711.66. After a few weeks, the owner of the premises became so impressed with the success of his tenants, that he concluded to oust them and establish himself there in the same business, when they purchased of J. W. Walterhouse a frame build- ing, about 16x16 feet in size, then standing on Water Street, and formerly the ticket office of the Michigan Southern (now Lake Shore) Railroad, for which $25.00 was paid in install- ments. This was removed to 219 Summit Street (now White's Hall), where it remained until 1860, when it was removed to a place a few feet East of their original location, on grounds belonging to Rev. Dr. H. B. Wal- bridge. About this time Mr. Baldwin, who still resided at Mansfield, disposed of his interest to Mr. J. F. Patton, who held the same until November, 1861, when Mr. Brown became sole proprietor. The business continuing to ex- tend, more ample accommodations were requir- ed, and the store was removed to 213 Summit Street, using one-half the room. In 1863, an- other removal took place — to 167 Summit Street, a new building erected by H. S. Wal- bridge. In 1869, Mr. Brown purchased the store building, 165 Summit Street, which after- wards was enlarged and improved, including the addition of two stories, with basement. About this time, Mr. George B. Hull, for several years employed in the store, was given a partnership, the firm becoming T. J. Brown & Co. In 1873, Mr. Wm. H. Eager, forraerlj- of Bailey & Eager, Booksellers, became a partner, the firm then becoming T. J. Brown, Eager & Co., and subsequentl}-, as now. Brown, Eager & Hull. The trade of the hou.se soon demanded more ample quarters, and in 1882 an arrange- ment was made with V. H. Ketcham and Mars Nearing for the erection of the four-storv brick building, 40x114 feet, 197 and 199 Summit Street, including the identical spot to which Mr. Brown removed his little frame structure in 1860. This building was planned with special reference to the demands of the ti'ade, and in all its apjiointments, is a model in ele- gance and convenience, thefirst floor being de- voted to retail business ; the second to jobbing books and stationery; and the third and fourth to wall paper, storage, etc. From the first, the business ol the establishment had a growth of rare healthfulness and uniformity, as the fol- lowing statement of sales for tiie periods named will show : 1858(6 months), $711.66; 1860, $6,436.09; 1865, $36,556.26; 1870, $69,- 881.72; 1875, $117,810.49; 1880, $183,061.40; 1887, $300,000. For the first three months the "managing partner" was able, not only to perform the entire inside work of the estab- lisiiinent, but to saw the wood and care lor the fires, and also to deliver dailj* papers to sub- scribers on regular routes. Besides the three partners, there are now 30 employes, not far from 100 persons receiving their support from the establishment. In extent of trade, it is not exceeded by any other house in the State, while its financial standing and its reputation with customers are second to none. To a great degree, the Bookseller is a public educator, reachingall classes of readers. It isbut just to say, that the responsibility thus devolved has never been lost sight of in the conscientious management of this house. The degree of watchful vigilance shown against the flood- tide of vicious literature, constitutes a fea- ture of its trade entitled to special recogni- ^>-7^^>^l^. TRADERS AND MERCHANTS. 771 tion, and worthj- the emulation of tlie trade in general. THEODORE J. BROWN was born at New- ark, New Jersey, February 5, 1837, and is a son of Daniel B. and Elizabeth Brown. His father was a manufacturer of patent leather. He died when the son was 12 year.s old. The latter remembers assisting in the factory. His educational advantages were very limited, he having been compelled at the age of 14 3 ears to take care of himself, then entering upon a seven-years apprenticeship at the Jeweler's tratle, extending until his majority, his wages being $2.25 per week, with an allowance of $25.00 per year for clothing. On such income he was able to paj- his board, clothe himself and accumulate a capital of $300, for the busi- ness which he established at Toledo. Upon the close of his apprenticeship, it was found that from the consideration of health, it would be necessary for him to have more physical exercise than the Jeweler's trade would allow. At the time, this was felt to be severe, but he now regards the value of industry and disci pline thus secured, as a rich reward for all such tabor. With this, he had the aid of parental reliijious instruction and examplesin childhood, leading to an early acceptance of the Chris- tian faith. He attributes his business success largely to economy in expenditure, buying no more than he could expect to pay for when bills became due, and to hard, persistent work, and carefully w atching his business in all its details — especiallj^ in the so-called " little things." His mother was with him for two years from 1863, then returning to Newark, where she died suddenly in October, 1887, in her 78th year, and after a widowhood of 38 years, much of which period was sjient in the support and care of her children, of whom, beside the subject of this sketch, a brother, Josiah ; and a sister, Cornelia, are now living. With all his incessant business cares, Mr. Brown has never forgotten the common obli- gations of men to their fellows. Whatever has concerned thfe moral or material welfare of his neighbors, has received his attention and aid. Whetherin religious, social, political or business affairs, he has always had a voice and a hand in support of the right. From his youth a Republi- can in politics, he has been among the most active in support of that party's organization, but never an oflEice-holder or an office-seeker. Uniting in youth with the Presbyterian Church, at Newark, he translerred such connection to First Congregational Church, on coming to Toledo, retaining the same until the organiza- tion of Westminster Presbyterian Church, in 18(!5, of which he was one of the original members. Not long after the institution of that Church, he was chosen as one of its Ruling Elders, which office he yet holds. In 1865 Mr. Brown was married at Toledo, with Miss Eliza L., youngest daughter of the late Dr. Geo. L. Weed, of Cincinnati, Ohio. TAILORING. As in the cases of all othei- communities, pi-o- vision for the clothing of the male portion of .settlers was not overlooked at tiic mouth of Swan Creek, although, from the nature of the ca.se, demands in that direction were at first not large. Among the very earliest workers in that line in the Maumee Valley (the Squaws of the aborigines excepted), was Mrs. John T. Baldwin, who \\orked at tailoring at Orleans (Fort Meigs) as early as 1818, her ])rices, as elsewhere shown, having been, for making woolen pants, $1.50; for linen or tow pants, $0.50; for fine shirts, $1.01) each. The extent of her business in this line is not stated; but it could not have been large in a field so small. It is not understood, that, upon the return of the family and settlement at Port Lawrence, in 1823, Mrs. Baldwin paid much attention to such employment, which soon passed into the hands of the sex more specially interested there- in ; but it is doubtful if better work was done by her successors, whatever may be said of its advance a la mode. The first record found of a Tailorshop in Lucas County, is that*of" Sinclair ct Wilkeson, directly over the store of S. L. & M. L. Collins, Tremainesville," under date of March 12,1835. At that time Toledo may have had a Tailor, but the G-azette's advertising columns record none, save the shop named. In 1837, however, we find >Siiell & Cornell, in St. Clair Street, "Upper Toledo," and B. Jacobs, Sum- mit Street, "Lower Toledo,'' in that line, with F. Lyon k Co.'s Clothing Store, Monroe Street, "Upper Toledo, "and V. H. Ketcham's (Mothing Store, St. Clair Street, " Lower Toledo." This showed a marked advance for the young City. In 1838, V. H. Ketcbam and Levi Snell were in the business, being suc- ceeded in 1839 by S. S. & Y. H. Ketcham, Mr. Snell opening a separate shop. In 1844 Thomas & Schwartz appear with Ready-made Clothing, with others, from year to year, drojjping in and dropping out. In 1849 the firm of Granger & Brother entered the field, which has not y&i been surrendered. In 1860 were B. J. Gitskj- and Moses Gitsky (yet in business or repre- sented), Jacob and Lehman Kraus, Jacob Roemer,Henrj' Thorner,A. Tuey\' Co.,Gustav. Goldsmith, Louis Wachenheimer and Theo. Wegener, and Christ. Woehler. In 1861 came Chauncej' H. Buck, who is yet in trade. In 1870 there were 17 Tailoring establishments, including Kraus k Daiber, A. i\Iachen & Co., Richards i*t Salisbury, J. Stutz, John Mc- Kenna, Buck & Bliss, C. B. Eells, and V^ W. Granger & Co. and others. The Directory of 1887 notes 18 Tailors and 20 Clothing estab- lishments — 38 in all. 772 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. VOLBNTINE "WHITMAN GRANGER. The subject of this sketcli lias long been recognized as the leading Merchant Tailor, not only of Toledo, but of North westeru Ohio, a position his knowledge of the business and high mercan- tile qualifications justlj- entitle him to. Mr. Gi-anger was born in Coventry, Portage County, Ohio, February 25th, 1826. Hi.s elementary education was received at the Common Schools of Middlebui-y, near Akron, Ohio. Fntil his twelfth year, he remained with his parents, after which he commenced to learn the Tailor's trade under the directions of an elder brother, with whom he was connected about five years. In 1845, to further perfect his knowledge of the various branches of his calling, he went to New York City. Such purjjose accomplished, he removed to Akron, Ohio, and in connec- tion with his brother, a.ssisted by friends who had every confidence in his ability to succeed, he established himself in business, in connec- tion with a brother, Joseph A. Granger. In the spring of 1849, shortlj^ after his marriage, they removed to Toledo, and began business under the firm name of Granger & Brother. This partnership, after a successful jjeriod of 13 j'ears, was dissolved in 1862, when the sub- ject of this sketch purchased his brother's interest in the business, and has since con- ducted it alone with marked success. Few Tailors in the State stand as high in his line as does Mr. Granger, while he is recognized bv those who know him as possessing all the quali- ties which distinguish a useful citizen and an enterprising, reliable merchant. Duriu'r the Rebellion he was ever a firm friend of the Union cause, and took an active interest in all that pertained to the preservation of the National Government, as with e([ua\ devotion to liberty and love of countrv his ancestors fought dur- ing the Eevolution. Politically, Mr. Granger was originally a Whig, but is now a Republi- can and a firm believer in the princi])los and an ardent admirer of the record of that party on all questions of National .significance. Upon general issues, he gives it his best and strongest support; but in local matters he believes in honest and economical government, and inva- riably supports such men and measures as promise to secure it, regardless of partv lines or political afliliations. In all that pertains to Toledo's prosperity, Mr. Granger is a ready assistant. He believes in the cominii great- ness of her commercial interests. Here the accumulations of his judicious business career are invested, and with the Ciiy's ad- vancement he is thoroughly identified. Socially, he is an affable and plea^sant gentleman, and enjoys the respect and esteem of Toledo's best citizens. In private life be is the courteous and cultivated gentleman of refined, cordial and unassuming manners. Mr. Granger was married in 1849 with Emeline F. Dodge, daughter of Nathan Brown Dodge, of Akron, Ohio. The issue of this union has been two daughtersand one son — Marj^E., born July 13, 1850, married with J. B. Ketcham 2d, January 8, 1874, and died September 23, 1876; Clara Rathboue, born August 25, 1852, married with Rowland Starr, January 12, 1876; and "V den- tine W. Jr., born September 30, 1855, married October 25, 1881, with :Mi8s Lottie Tracy. LUMBER TRADE. The first Saw-Mill within the present limits of Toledo, was built in 1831, by Ezra Goodale and Oliver Stevens, and located on Swan Creek, at the point where the Maumee and Monroe road (now Detroit Avenue) crossed that stream. At one time the Geauga Furnace Company constructed a lock in the dam connected with the Mill, for the passage of boats loaded with iron ore, to be brought from mines further up the Creek, but which never was found in quantities anticipated. The Mill was of ma- terial service to the scattered settlers at that time. In 1834 Edward Bi.ssell built a Saw-Mill to be run by Steam. It was located on Summit Street, between Elm and Chestnut. About 1836, Charles V. Jennison. yet living in East Toledo, built a Steam Saw-Mill in Oregon, on land now owned by Luther Whit- more, and ran it for a number of years. At this mill was furnished the sawed lumber for the first bridge across the River at Maumee. About 1838, Frederick Prentice built a Steam Saw-Mill on the East side of the River, below what is now Bridge Street, which, with his other enterprises, he operated for several years. In January, 1851, H. B. Hall and David Smith established a Saw-Mill and lumber yard on the East side of the River at Toledo, where it I'emained for several jears, when it was re- moved to the West side, near Cherry Street, the present site of the establishment. Mr. Hall withdrew from the firm in 1865, Mr. Smith, with different partners, continuing the business until his death in 1876, since which time it has been managed by his sons, Wm. H. H. and Howard M. Smith. The earliest advertisement found of a Lum- ber Dealei' in Toledo, is that of Coleman I. Keeler, iu March, 1835. Others followed. In November, 1840, Joel W. Kelsey advertised " a large quantity of seasoned Pine Lumber of all kinds, on the wharf, just above A. Palmer & Co.'s Warehouse, Upper Toledo." For par- ticulars, enquiry was to be made of Richard Mott or John P. Freeman. The first City Directory (for 1858) contained the names of nine houses dealing in Lumber, viz.: T. J. Bodley, Curtis & Thomas, Kelsej- & Lawton, J. N. Halliday, Wm. B. Judson, C. H. Walbridge & Co., Nathan Reeve, and Wal- terhouse, Moulton &^Co. 4 I -y ■tKC!L!!,pbt:]'..!ly: ML Co, TRADERS AND MERCHANTS. 773 In 1887, there were 28 Lumber Dealers, viz. : R. E. Ailains, Barbour & Starr, Bowman \- Lap- man, Clarke & Terhuiie, Curtis & Brainanl, II. H. Gibson, Goult't Manufacturing (!o., G. \V. Hubliard, R. M. Hubbard, Edwin Jacoby, J. B. KcUcy, Kt'lsoy & Freeman, Lawton Bros., J. K. MeGlone, Maclaren & Sprague, James Mason, Mitcliell & Rowland Lum- ber Co., Wm. Peter, J. V. Sanfieet, W. H. H. Smith & Co., Napoleon Stamant H. C. Wason & Co., West- ern Manufacturing Co., Whitney & Tracy, Witker Manufacturing Co., Woodruff & Norton, Young & Miller. In the winter of IS65-6, Jetliro Mitchell and Thomas 0. Rowhmd, of Cincinnati, purchased 40 acres of land on the Kiver above the Lake Shore Railroad bridge, vpith 2,500 feet of water front, for the purpose of locating a Lumber Yard and Saw Mills. The Company was in- corporated March S, 1867, with Jethro Mitchell as President ; J. G. Mitchell. as Secretary ; and Thomas C. Rowland as Treasurer. The ofH- cers for 1S87 were; President, T. C. Row- land; Treasurer, Jethro G. Mitchell; Secre- tary, Edward Mitchell. Their fir.st Mill was erected in 1867, and was subsequently destroyed by tire. The Company have erected three different Mills on their premises, and during the 20 years in which they have been engaged in business, have built up one of the largest and most prosperous lumber establish- ments in Northwestern Ohio. Their pay roll is exceeded by only one other establishment in Toledo — the Milbiirn Wagon Works. The Lumber Yard and Mills of this tlompany are located between the Railroads and the River (foot of Sumner Street). AARON L. KELSEY was born in Guillbrd, Maine, July 12, 1823. He comes of New Eng- land stock and Irish ancestry. His grand- father (Joseph Kelsey) emigrated from Ireland when a young man and settled in Massachu- setts. He carried a musket in the Federal Army seven years during the American Revo- lution, and at the close of that war followed the pursuits of a husbandman in the Town of Shirle}', Massachusetts, until liis death. One of his sons (Joseph) moved to the State of Maine about the year 1800, and up to 1812 was largely engaged in shipping. During the war of 1812-15, British cruisers captured his Ves- sels. To recuperate his fortune, he penetrated the interior of the State to Guilford and became a hardy iiioneer. He cleared a farm, rapidlj' regained his wealth, and soon rose to prominence in that locality. For fully HO years he occupied a seat in the Maine Legis- lature and assisted in framing the State Con- stitution of 1820. He died in Guilford, Maine, in 1861. Of his nine children three are now living. Two of the sons are Aaron L. and Joel W. of Toledo. Aaron received a thorough education, and having perfected himself in the study of surveying was appointed (at the age of 10) a Government Surveyor, and in 1843 was sent out to assist in running the National boundary line established under the Webster- Ashbui'lon treaty. He remaineil in the wil- derness on that mission lor three years, and had an experience full of adventure and inter- est. In 1S50 he concluded to remove to the West, and in June, 1850, became a citizen of Toledo. For six years ho was identified with the interests of Lake navigation, and in 1856, in partnership with Nathan Reeve, established himself in the Lumber business in Toledo. He was one of the earliest Lumber merchants there, finding in the trade but three firms, Cur- tis & Thomas, Hathaway k llaymonrJaJ>>iiafrMy TRADERS AXD MERCHAXT8. located periiiauoiuly in Jefferson Countj^, where tlioy settled and began the work of pioneer lite in the forest. Oliver servetl in the American Army in the War of 1812 15, partie- ipating in several operations, including the engagements at Sackett's Harbor, Xew York. He died in Jefferson County, in 1808, aged 88 vears, 24 \ ears after the death of his wife. Their children were 13 in number, of wliouithe voungest two were twins, Minot being one of these. His boyhood was passed upon his lather's farm, with .such limited School educa- tion as he was enabled to acquire during occa- sional respites from arduous toil upon the not overfruitful homestead. At the age of U5, he obtained employment with a .Shiji Joiner in the neighborhood at 89. 0() per month. An ap- prenticeship of one year qualified him to set uj^ as Ship Joiner on his own account; which he followed for a year. At the suggestion of a brother-in-law (S. S. Read), who was operating a mill at Black Rock, he joined the latter, and after working in the mill two years, accom- panied Mr. Read to Toledo, in 1850, where he was employed tor two years by Read & Thomp- son, in the old Premium Mill (now the Armada Mill). In 1852 he was clerk for Thomas Wat- kins, a Grain Dealer, and in 1853 heleasedand took the management of the Manhattan ^lill in connection witli S. S. Read, which establish- ment was first made profitable under his direction. In December, 1864, Read & Wilcox bought the Vessel Supply .store of Wm. O. Brown, on Water Street, and carried on the business there and on Summi', .Street until 1860, when the partnersbiji was dissolved. In that 3'ear Leonard and Minot I. Wilcox founded the firm of Wilcox Brothers, which, beginning at the corner of Madison and Water Streets, was transferred in 1868 to the location now occupied bj- the Wilcox Cordage and Supply Company, on Water Street. Wilcox Brothers continued in business until the death of Leon- ard, in May, 1880. M. I. Wilcox conducted the business alone until the incorporation, in 1886, of the Wilcox Cordage and Supplj' Company, of which he -was chosen President. The steady growth of the business of the house from 1860 to the j)resent time, bears testimony to the efficiency which marked its management. Mr. Wilcox has been interested in different indus- trial enterprises. For 12 years past, he has been at the head of the firm of Wilcox & Co., manufacturers of Steam Dredges and St5ani Shovels. He has been a I»irector in the Merchants National Bank since its organ- ization, is now its Vice President, and has been otherwise identified with the prosperity and growth of Toledo. For 10 years he was an active and efficient member of the Volunteer Fire Department of the City, taking an active part in the organization of Relief Hook and Ladder Company No. 1 (composed mainly of Merchants and Clerks), of which he was elected Foreman in 1860, and continued as such until the disiiandment of the Company upon the introduction of the Paid I)e])artment, in Janu- arj-, 1866, when the members of the Comjiany testified their appreciation of his services b^' the presentation of a silver box. Under the three-months call fbrtroopsin 1864, Mr. Wilcox enlLsted in the One Hundred and Thirteenth Ohio Regiment (Colonel C. B. Philliiis), and received a Major's commission. The name of Mr. Wilcox, for 3ii years, has been familiar with Shipping men along the Western Lakes, by whom it has been respected, as it has been and is by all classes with whum lie has had business relations. He was married in 1855 with Miss Emma Finney, a daughter of Harry Finney, deceased, of New York, and niece of the lato President Finney, of Oberlin, Ohio. AGRICULTURAL SUPPLIE.><. The demand for Agricultural Implements in this County, as in all sections, was small dur- ing the earlier years of settlement. But little beyond a few axes, hoes, plows, harrows, scythes, sickles and cradles, was re(iuired liy the jiioneer farmers, and these were supplied chiefly by the merchants at the several points of trade. As settlement and improvement advanced, the demand for these increased, with corresponding supply. At the outset the sickle was yet in use, but ere long was succeeded hy the cradle — a great improvement — and much later came the mowing and reaping machines, separators, cleaners, grain-drills, horse-rakes, corn-shellers, &c. As early as 1856, Henry Philipps had an Agricultural Warehouse for the supply of farmers with implements, seeds, &c. Following him were L. J. Bush & Co. (R. B. Mitchell, partner), who opened a similar establishment in Toledo in 1860. Since that time different dealers have been in the same branch of trade, the number in 1887 reaching 12 establishments, as follows: Arbuckle & Ryan, Birdsall it Co., S. W. Cass it Co., Johnston Harvester Com- pany, Merrell& Co., D. S. Morgan itCo., Homer Overmyer, Parmelee & Crosby, H. Philipps & Son, J. A. Shepard, Toledo Mower and Reaper Comjjany, and Toledo Plow Comjiany. THOMAS SCOTT MERRELL, son of Jacob M. and Sylvia .Spi'iiccr !Mcrrcll, was born in Westmoreland, Oneida County, New York, June 18, 1830. His father was born in Hart- ford, Connecticut, March 4, 1789, and died at Westmoreland, November 29, 1866. The mother was born in Peacham, Vermont, April 23, 1800, and died December 24, 1884. The son remained on the farm with his father until 17 years of age, when he decided to assume the responsi- HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. ilities of independent life. To this end, lie bought of his father the remaining four years of his minority, and afterwards worked out at $10.00 per month until he earned enough to pay the debt in full. Meantime, he attended School for one Winter, doing chores to pay for his board. In the Spring of 1840 he engaged to drive horses on the Erie Canal (between Buffalo and Albany), at the close of tiie season working liis passage to Buft'alo, where he took the Steamboat De'Witt Clinton for Toledo, the hull of which craft now (1888) lies near the East shore of Maumee River, above Cherry Street bridge, Toledo. The Lake passage in- volved four days of time. Stopping a short time at Toledo, Mr. Merrell passed on to Cin- cinnati, arriving there in his 19th 3-ear, worth $().00 in cash. He found employment as fire- man for an engine at SI. On per day, being soon promoted as Engineer. He was therethree 3'ears, for two of which he was a member of the Cincinnati Fire Department. In 1851 he re- turned to Westmoreland and managed bis fiuher's farm until 1850, when he again started for the West, in search of a location. After careful examination in Kansas and Nebraska, he returned to Lucas County, as the best locality he had seen, and soon purchased what was known as the "Bissell Farm," now in Adams Township. There he made his home for eight j-ears, meantime making a success at farming. In the Spring of 1865, he sold the farm and purchased a half interest in the Foundry and Machine Shop of Mitchell & Son, at Maumee, the chief business of which con- sisted in the manufacture and sale of plows and other agricultural implements, which was a marked success. At the end of five years he became sole proprietor of the establishment, and successfully conducted it for live years more, when he removed to Toledo. There he engaged in the Agricultural Implement and Seed trade, at 40-44 Superior Street, which from the first was prosperous, his sales in one year attaining the aggregate of 6200,000. January 1, 1885, turning the business over to his brother, J. H. Merrell, and his son, J. B. Merrell, he accepted the charge, as President, of the Turnbull Wagon Works, at Defiance, which he yet retains." The stock of the Com- pany is held mainly in Toledo, and its business has been eminently prosperous. Mr. Merrell was one of the originators of the Tri-State Fair Association, of which he was President from January, 1884, until January, 1888, when he declined re-election. He is yet a Director and member of the Executive Committee of the same. He was active in the organization of the Toledo Spice Company in 1885, and acted as its President for two years. He served for several years as Trustee of Adams Township, while residing there. In 1868 he was elected as a Commissioner of Lucas County, and re- elected in 1871, serving for sis years. He was a member of the Maumee City Council for five years, and of the Board of Education of that City for six years. In 1885 he was elected to the Toledo Common Council, representing the Second Wai'd for two years. While in Adams Townsliip, he united with the LTnited Brethren Church; at Maumee was connected with the PresViyterian, and at Toledo with First Congre- gational Cliurch, which relation he yet sustains. The uniform success which has marked his business life, has been due. largely, first, to the limitation of his operations to affairs which he understood, and thus was able to control ; and second, to the sound financial policj' of" owing no man anything." Mr. Merrell was married with Miss Ellen Williams, at Richland, Oswego County, New York, September 8, 1853. Mrs. Merrell's jiarents were from Wales, and were on the Atlantic passage to America, when she was born, Jlay 27, 1832. The}' have seven children — Kittie M., born in Adams Township, Se|jtember 14, 1858; John B. and Jennie, born in Adams, July 19, 186r2; Alfred H. and Harriet, born in Adams, August 10, 1864; Fanii}', born in Maumee, January 11, 18G9 ; and Sylvia, born in Maumee, February 16, 1872. Kittie M. was married with Albert O. Case, at Maumee, November 30, 1877, whose daughter, Nellie E. Case, was born in Toledo, January 28, 1879. John B. pliance of the same kind to their machine, was too much for them ; and after several changes in management, the busi- ness was closed out. In 1875, the establish- ment passed into tlie hands of the Toledo Mower and Reaper Company, of which J. B. Baldy was the President ; Leander Burdick, Vice Presi- dent; and Wm. E. Parmelee, Jr., Secretary and Treasurer. The paid-up capital stock, then $50,000, has been increased to 8144,000. In 1880, Eeed V. Boice became the President, and Wm. Baker "Vice President. In 1884, Bernard Meilink was chosen President, Fred. Eaton Vice President, and John Farley Secretary and Treasurer, who still hold such positions. Starl- ing with the single machine (the Sulky Mower and Eeaper), the trade has been extended to a full line of Mowers, Eeapers and Binders. Operations by this establishment have ceased. Bakers.— The earliest record found of a Baker in Toledo, is that of John Pontius, whose adver- tisement appears in 1837 and 1838. His succes- sors were too numerous here to be stated. Promi- nent among them was Chai-les Mertz, for several years dealer in general merchandise, as well as Baker. Among those now in business are — Fred. Gradolph, Lloyd & Worts, L. H. Meinert, Mrs. C. W. Pond, Seyfang & Scheuer- mann, George Tait, Mrs. E. A. Turley, Worts, Kirk & Bigelow. GEORGE WORTS was born in London, England, September 8, 1828, his parents being Mannistee C. and Hannah (Smyth) Worts, na- tives of England. The father w-as a Baker. In 1830, the family came to the United States, landing at New York, December 30tli. Stop- pinic for a short time, he worked at his trade there, when he went to Newark, New Jersey. In 1835 they came West, stopping at Detroit, where he soon "as warned out for military service for Michigan in the " Toledo War," then in progress. They returned East in 1836, stop- ping at Oswego, New York. There they re- mained until 1853, the father, meantime, being in the Baking business. At the latter date they came to Toledo, where he resumed business. George's School days were spent at Oswego, with the privileges of the Dis- trict School. While yet very young, he began work in a Bakery, his main service for a time consisting of stamping and panning crackers, which then w'ere made wholly by hand, no machinery being employed in the business. In the Fall of 1844, he was for a time Steward on board the Propeller Vandalia, running between Oswego and Chicago, when he returned to the Bakery, and continued there until the Winter of 1849-50, at which time he shipjjed from New London, Connecticut,on board a Whaler for a voyage to Davis Straits, being gone about seven months. Leaving Oswego for the West, he reached Toledo, September 6, 1851. There he established a Baker\- on the Packet Dock, North side of Swan Creek, be- tween Monroe and Washington Streets. L^pon the arrival of his father in 1853, the firm of Worts & Sou was established, when they erected a Bakery at 140-142 St. Clair Street, w"ith sales- room at 67 Summit. The limited delivery of sales necessary was made with a wheelbarrow. Subsequently they bought out Milo Bashare, successor to Charles Mertz. The establishment was burned out in 1861, and was rebuilt. In October, 1861, George enlisted in Company I, Sixty-Seventh Ohio Infantry, being commis- sioned as Second Lieutenant, and serving until June, 1862, when he resigned. With Albert Kirk, he built a Bakery in rear of the Stoi-e at 237 Summit Street. In 1866, the firm of Worts it Co. was constituted of George Worts, Albert Kirk, Heniy W. Bigelow and Henry S. Waite, who built the large building at 441 (new num- ber) St. Clair Street. For a time they manu- factured Aerated Bread, and until their Cracker trade fully engros.sed their attention. Their business is now confined to Crackers, Cakes and Confectionery. They employ constantly two I ^./&<^iA^ MANUFACTURES. 783 delivery wagons in the City and four traveling men. Their trade has steadily increased and is now by all odds larger than that of any other establishment in Northwestern Ohio. All op- ei'ations in baking are now performed wit 1\ ma- chinery. Mr. Waite died April Ui, 1873, the business since that time being continued by the other partners. Mr. Worts united with the order of Odd Fellows while in Oswego, and with Wapaukonica Lodge after coming to To- ledo, which connection he still holds. He was elected a member of the Board of Aldermen from the Eighth Ward, Toledo, in April, 1881, and served in that body two years. Mr. Worts was married at Sterling Center, Ca^'uga County, New York, with Miss Louisa A. Lake, January 5, 1851, she dyins: December 19, 1852, leaving a son, George F. Worts, who was born at To- ledo, and now resides there. Mr. Wortswasagain married March IS, 1855, with Miss Emily A. Howard, of Stone Mills, .letfersou County, Now York. Thej' have had four children, of whom two are living — Mr.s. Walter C. Lloyd and Chivington Worts, both of Toledo. HENRY "WAITE BIGELOW was born at Colchester, Connecticut, February 1, 1838, where his father, a farmer, continued to reside until his death, in 1869, and where the mother yet resides. The ancestors of the parents were among theearliest settlers of New England, the original branch coming from England early in the 17th century. The family have given to Connecticut some of its mo.st distinguished cit- izetis. The palernal grandfiither of the subject of this sketch, served during the Revolutionary War as (,'ommissary General's Clerk ; while his father (Colonel Guy Bigelow), born in 1785, was a prominent officer in the State Militia of Connecticut. He was also an active member of the Masonic order. His mother (Sarah A. Waite) was of a family specially distinguished in judicial historj-. Chief Justice Henry M. Waite, of Connecticut, the father of Chief Jus- tice Morrison E. Waite, of the I'nited States Supreme Court, was her brother. The boy- hood of the subject of this sketch was not essentially different from that of the average of New England farmers' sons. He was educated at Bacon Academy, Colchester. At the age of 1(), he entered the store of Colonel D. R. Noyes, at Lyme, as clerk, remaining tliere two years. In 1856 he came to Toledo and engaged in like c-apacitj' in the Wholesale Grocery establish- ment of Secor, Berdan tSt Co. He remained with that firm until the Rebellion, when (Au- gust 15, 1861) he enlisted for three years in the Fourteenth Ohio Infantry, and was with his Companj' throughout its notable service — at Willi Cat, Chickamauga, Jone.shoro,the Atlanta camj^aign and the "March to the Sea.'' In March, 1862, he was pi-omoted from First Sergeant Company C, to Second Lieutenant Company I; in October, 1863, was advanced to First Lieu- tenant; and in December, 1864, to a Captaincy. At the battle of Chickamauga he was severely wounded in the thigh, and being incapacitated for service was granted a fui'lough ; but rejoined hiseommand at ('hattanooga December 30, 1863. From that time until May, 1864, he served on Court Martial dutj'. Preceding the battle of Jonesboro, he stood fourteenth in rank in the Regiment. Two days thereafter, as the result of loss of officers in tliat engagement and the muster-out of non-veteran organizations, he be- came second in rank, and thenceforward he acted as Major, serving in that capacity in the March to the Sea and in the Carolina campaign, as also in the Grand Review at Washington, Ma}', 1865. He was in command of the Regi- ment during its muster-out at Louisville. While in service, Captain Bigelow several times declined staft' appointment, and through- out his connection with the Arm}-, he bore the just character of a brave, fixithful and useful Soldier, commanding the confidence and re- spect, alike, of superior officers and enlisted men. For six months after being mustered out, he was detained in Connecticutby sickness contracted in the service. In February, 1866, he returned to Toledo, and in May, following, with George Worts, Albert Kirk, and Henry S. Waite, organized the firm of Worts & Co., for the manufacture of Crackers at 311 (old num- ber) St. Clair Street. From that date until the death of Mr. Waite, in 1873, Captain Bigelow traveled for the house ; he then taking charge of its financial affairs. The firm-name was soon changed to Worts, Kirk & Bigelow, as it yet remains. To the exceptional success of the establishment, he has largely contributed by his close attention and sound judgment. Cap- tain Bigelow was (or man}' years a member of Forsyth Post, Grand Army of the Republic, and is now a member of Toledo Post, recently organized. He is also a member of Ohio Com- mandery, Loyal Legion ; of the Society of the Army of the Cumberland, and of the Four- teenth Regiment. In the Masonic order, he has for many years held a high position. Join- ing Rubicon Lodge, No. 237, Toledo, in Feb- ruary, 1859, he has since received all degrees of recognized Masonry, including the thirty- third and last degree. Politically, Captain Bigelow has always been a Republican in prin- ciple, yet directing his action by considerations of public policy, as these would be suggested to his judgment. Of a retiring disposition, he has sought a life of quiet, in the conscientious discharge of duty as the same was made known to him. Union Mankfacturinis Company. — This Company was incorporated in 1872. with acapi. tal stock of $100,00(1, and went into operation January 1, 1873. The officers of the Company at that time were: R. S. Janney, President; R. F. Lyttle, Secretary and Treasurer; Charles 784 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. .!' H. Warren, Superintendent; William M. Bond, Purchasing Agent. The latter had taken the plate in the Compan_y of Mr. Hood, who retired belbro the conversion of the firm into a joint stock Comjjany. In 1881, the Company connected with their other business the manufacture of the Union Sewing Machine, and increased their capital stock to 1300,000; and in 1885 this was in- creased to $1,000,000. Before the tire which destro3ed their shops in the old Tile factor^', the Company had purchased land and erected a Warehouse where their present works are (corner Hamilton and Bismarck streets), which they had filled with goods, and which were sub- stantiallj' all that were saved to them out of the fire. With that much for a new stai-t, they moved into a small building which had been used as a Stave Factory, set up an engine and went to work. In 1873 they built two brick factories, each 50x100 feet, and two stories high, and joined them by an engine-room (also of brick) one story in height. They afterwards erected machine shojjs, barn, and other build- ings; and in 1881 added the fine building for the Sewing Machine department. This build- ing is of briclj, 40x200 feet, three stories, with a wing of the same height 24x80 feet. To these structures have been added a shop and fuel-house 30x75 feet. The Com]jany are now building a brick foundry, 112x120, for tiie manufacture of light castings. The works are on a side track of the Lake Sliore Eailroad, convenient for shipping. Mr. I. N. Poe has been President since 1881. Mr. E. S. Januey became Vice President upon the election of Mr. Poe to the Presidency, and was succeeded in 1888 by W. S. Walbridge. W. O. Dakin was elected Secretary in 1881, in place of Mr. Lyttle, who then became Traveling Agent. Mr. Dakin was succeeded by S. C. Walbridge in 1887. ROBERT SIMPSON J ANNE Y was born in Lower Makefield Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, about 25 miles from Philadel- phia, June 2, 1829. He is a son of Jacob and Esther (Betts) Janney, who were of English nativity, their ancestors being among the original band of Friends (or Quakers), who, with William Penn, settled in that section during the latter part ofthe 17th century. Thomas Janney, the pioneer of the family in America, settled on the farm where the father ot the subject of this sketch was born, and where his lineal descendants still reside. Eobert spent the first 12 years of his life on his father's farm, with educational privileges limited to the District School of an agricultural region. In 1841 the family removed to Montgomery County, Mary- land. Eemaining there for two years, they then returned to Bucks County, but soon located on a farm in the adjoining County of Montgomery. For two winters "the son at- tended Loller Academy. Early in 1845, the family removed to Michigan, settling on a farm in Monroe County. The father died in 1867. Eobert had so far im))roved his limited advantages, that during the winter of 1845-40, he taught a District School near the farm of his father; and with the exception of one winter in attendance at the Sj'lvania (Ohio) Academy, under Dr. Taylor, he taught school foi' 11 winters in Monroe and adjoining Coun- ties in Micliigan and Ohio, "boarding around " among the families re]n'esented in his Schools, as was then the practice with teachers. Mean- time, he spent the Summers in labor on the farm. Eelieved of farm work in the Fall of 1805, by a brother then returned from the Army, Mr. Janney came to Toledo and secured employment as Book-keeper for Worts, Kirk & Seyfang, Bakers. In the Spring of 1866, in jxirtnership with C. E. Baldwin, under the firm name of Baldwin & Janney, was opened a Groceivy store on Monroe Street, siicii engage- ment lasting for IS months. In the fall of 1869, Mr. Janney purchased the Union Manufac- turing Company's business, which had recently been established by H. S. Walbridge and Matt. Siioemaker, for tlie manufacture of Domestic Wooden-Ware. The establishment was located in the second story of Gates & Skidniore's Rake factory, on Erie Street. Soon thereafter B. A. Eood and LaFayette Lyttle became partners in the business, which proved a Success, largely due to the capacity and in- dustry of Mr. Janney. In 1873, a corporation (Union Manufacturing Company) was organ- ized with Mr. Janney as its President, which 2:)08ition he held continuously (with the excep- tion of one .year), until his retirement from active management of the business, in 1883. When he assumed control of the establishment, but 30 operatives were employed; whereas, at the time of his withdrawal, a trade had been built u]3, requiring the employment of over 200 workmen. Early in 1883, Mr. Janney be- came connected with The Toledo Moulding Company, and since that time has served as its President. The business of this Company is the manufacture of Picture Frames and Mould ings, and about 200 workmen are now em- ployed in the establishment. Mr. Janney's executive abilities are best known in the ex- cej)tional success which has attended what- ever he has undertaken. Politically, Mr. Jan- ney acts with the Eepublican party, but has' never sought official position of any sort, find- ing in connection with his business life inll employment for his mind and activity. Ho was married April 13, 1863, with Miss Urania Baldwin, daughter of John Baldwin, her mother being now the wife of Marquis Bald- win of Toledo. WiTKER Manufacturing Company. — This Company was incorporated April 20, 1886, and i I MANUFACTURES. 785 is engaged in the manufacture of Boors, Sash, Blinds, Mouldings, etc., the annual amount ot sales being about S1-5,()(I0. The (^'ompany has a large iSteani IMill and Yard at the corner of Oak and AVater Streets. The building was built in 188(5. It is supplied with tlie most approved machinery. , The proprietors were formerly connected with the Western Manu- facturing Company, corner of Vine and Water Streets. In 1869 F. E. Witker was connected with the manufacturing firm of Eldridge it Weil. He has been President of the Company since its incor]ioration. There has been no change in any of the oflicers, the list being, as at first: F. E. Witker, President; William F. Witker, Secretary and Treasurer. Directors: F. E. Witker, E. F. Witker, W. F. Witker, E. H. Witker, G. F. Witker. FREDERICK E. WITKER was born in Wood County, Ohio, February 2, 1846. His parents, Ernst and Mary (Ballmcyer) Witker, were born near Hanover, Germany, and came to this country in 1840, bringing with them one daughter and settling on a farm in Wood County, where, wholly without experience in such life, and with limited means, they com- menced work. The son remained with his pa- rents, attending the District School a portion of the 3ear, until he was 14 years old, when he came to Toledo, and found employment with his twouncles, Ferdinand Johnson and John F. Wit- ker, Grocers, St, Clair Street, corner of Logan. Two years later he engaged with C. F, Curtis, for work in his Sash and Blind factory, where he learned the trade of his choice. In 1864, when 18 years old, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Thirtieth Regiment, Ohio Vol- unteer Infixntry. On being mustered out at the close of his term of enlistment, he entered the Sash and Blind factor}- of Hitchcock & Walbridge, remaining there three years. In 1870, upon the dissolution of the firm of Keeler, Baird & Bivins, Mr. Witker united with others in organizing the Western Manufacturing Com- nauy, and in 1871 was chosen as President of that corporation, and with John H. Puck as Vice President, held that position until March 1, 1886, when he withdrew from the Company after a devoted service of 15 years. He then estab- lished the Witker Manufacturing Company, corner of Oak and Water Streets, with himself as President and William F. Witker as Secre- tary and Treasurer. At a cost of over ^18,000, a large and commodious brick building was erected for the establishment in 1886, where the business of manufacture of Sash, Doors and Blinds, and dealing in Carpenters' and Builders' supplies, is carried on, giving employment to over 60 workmen. He is justly ranked among the many successful men of self-reliance and energy, who have done and are doing so much for Toledo and the entire country. Politically, he is a Democrat, because his convictions as to policy of Government have attached him to that party. .Mr. Witlcer was married, in 1861), with Miss Mary Witgen, of Toledo, the}' now having four children. The Amkkioan Hand-Sewed Suck Comi'anv was incorporated in 1884, for the purpose of Wholesale Boot and Shoe trade. One of its objects was to develop the Lock-Stitch Sewing Machine as applied to the sewing of Shoes, an invention which gives a more ^^^ >^-^^x^ MANUFACTVRES. 70.-? a.ud Joshua F. Vogel. Mr. Fisher is a native of Ohio, born at Piqua, Miami County, in 1847, and came to Toledo in 1875 ; for 10 years he was one of the leailing Druggists of the City. Through his intimate acquaintance with Mr. Gendron, his name lieaded tlie list of subscri- bers to tlie capital stock of the Gendron Iron Wheel Company. Mr. Vogel is also a native ofObio, born at Sidney, Shelby County, in 1858, and came to Toledo in his 14th year. After graduating in the Toledo Public Schools, he attended the Ohio Wesleyaii University. For nine years he was prominently connected with one of the leading Grain Commission houses of Toledo. He was also one of the orig- inal subscribers to the capital stock of the Company. During the past few years through the present management, the business of the Company has grown to such an extent, that it has recently become necessary to erect another substantial building adjoining their old quar- ters, which now' gives them a building with a frontage on Superior Street of 220x100 feet, four stories. They give employment to 275 hands the year round. The Company has a ])aid up capital of $300,000. The officers are G. 11. Fisher, President; E. D. Scheble, Vice President ; J. F. Vogel, Secretary and Treasu- rer ; and Peter Gendron, Superintendent. The latter position Mr. Gendron has held from the start. During the last few years he has ob- tained no less than 25 valuable patents on ma- chines used and articles manufactured by this Company, to whom these patents are assigned. j Messrs. Gendron, Fisher and Vogel, together with Alfred Gendron and L. V. Dusseau, have established a large factory in Toronto, Ontario, where thej' are manufaoturing the same line of goods under the same patents obtained in Can- ada. This Company is known as the Gendron Manufacturing Comi)any, of which Peter Gen- dron is President. Mr. Gendron has passed a remarkably busy cai-eer in Toledo, and while his reputation as a progressive business man has been gained by hard personal toils, he holds an equally good place in the opinion of all who know him as a good citizen, ready to assist worthy enterprises. Mr. Gendron is a member of St. Joseph's Catholic Church, of which he is a Trustee. He has a family ot two cliildren — a daughter, Delima, born JuneC, 1870, and a son, Adolph, born Augu,st28, 1877. MiLBiTRN Wa(!ON Works.— In 1873 the Mil- burn Wagon Co. of Mishawaka, Indiana, one of the most successful establishments, proposed to remove its works and transferitsbusiness to To- ledo, provided a local subscription of stock to the amount of §300,000 be added to a like amount to he represented by the existing property and business. The matter received prompt atten- tion from prominent citizens, who met May 2, 1873, and appointed a committee, consisting of Wesley J. Wells, F. J. King and C. P. Griffin, 61 to solicit subscriptions to the propo.sed capital stock. At four v. m. the same day, at an ad- journed meeting, the committee re])Orted the total amount of 8300,000 subscribed or guar- anteed. Whereupon, one committee was ap- pointed to select a site for the Works, and another to prepare the necessary ])aper8, in- cluding articles of incorporation. June 14tli, the Milburn Wagon Company of Toledo was organized by the election of George Milburn, John Milburn, Geo. K. Hudson, John H. Whitaker, W. W. Griffith, A. L. Kolsoy and Wm. Baker, as Directors, who chose (ieo. Mil- burn, as President; J. IT. Whitaker, as Vice President; and G. E. Hudson, as Secretary and Treasurer. June 24th the Directors de- cided upon the site for the Works, consisting of 32 acres of land, on Monroe Street and the De- troit Branch of the Lake Shore Railway, of which eight acres was donated by Araasa Bishop, five acres purchased of same, and 10 acres purchased of T. P. Whitney, for which 24 acres $30,000 was paid. Stejjs were at once taken toward the provision of the necessarj' buildings. Ground was broken Sejitcmber '.), 1873, and operations in the factory commenced in the vSpring of 1875. September 2i), 1870, a disastrous fire destroyed one of the largest build- ings, at a loss of 1167,954, with §84,000 of insurance. In Decemljer, 1877, another fire destroyed half of the same building. Up to 1877 the Company manufactured onlj' farm Wagons. In that year spring Wagons and Buggies were added, and in 1878 this branch of the business was largely increased. This extension in operations has continued to this time, and the Company now manufactures full lines of farm, freight and general teaming Wagons; buggies, carriagesandspring Wagons; together with delivery and express Wagons, Trucks and Drays. Its trade extends to all parts of the United States, and to some foreign countries. It has piosperous branches at Albany, Minneapolis, Omaha, DesMoines, Chi- cago, Austin and San Antonio, Texas; with depots at Atlanta, Ga., Kansas City, Denver, San Francisco, St. Louis, and L'eoria, Illinois. The chief officers of this Compan}- have been as follows: President, Geo. Milburn, 187:'.-«0; J. B. Baldy, 1880-.S8; Vice President, J. H. Wliitalcer, 187:!-82, and Bernard Meiliuk, 1882-88; Secretary and Treasurer, (Jeo. K. Hudson, 187:i-77 (when the two othces were separated); Treasurer, Geo. R. Hudson, 1877-88; Secretary, J. K. Milburn, 1877-8; Frank D. Suydam, 1878-88. EUGENE FONTAINE was born near Que- bec, Canada, in 1834. He is of French paren- tage. His childhood passed without even ordinary educational privileges, and with very limited advantages of other kinds necessary to qualify one for life's struggle. At the age of IG years, he left home, with scarcely a rudi- 794 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. mentary education, and able to speak the Eng- lish language to but limited extent. Going to Eouse's Point, New York, he engaged as an apprentice in the machine shop of the Ogdens- burg Eailroad, where his native mechanical genius was soon developed. At the end of three years, he left that establishment, and spent an equal length of time in travel, visiting Califor- nia, Australia, China and South America. Ee- turning, he visited New Orleans, and soon took charge of a machine shop at Algiers, remaining there one year. He then went to Montreal, Canada, where he remained for a year in a state of health unfitting him for work of any kind. In the Fall of 1858, he began running a loco- motive between Montreal and Eouse's Point, that being the first steam engine he ever had seen, on the occasion of his first visit there eight years previously. Serving in that capac- ity for two years, he found employment as Foreman in the machine shops of the Pitts- burgh, Ft. Wayne and Chicago Eailroad, at Ft. Wayne. In 1859 he took charge of an Express engine on that road, and continued in like ser- vice for 14 years, with success, being sijccially assigned to the most important trains, and during the period named traveling over GOO, 000 miles, with remarkable exemption from accident to his trains and without injury to himself. His leisure hours during all this period were largely spent in studying out and devising inventions which were subsequently matured, and have given him prominence in the mechanical world. His first I'esults consisted of imj>rovements in locomotives and ears. In 1866 he invented a locomotive smoke-stack for wood burning, which was extensively used and known as the Fontaine Stack. In 1866 he had patented a live stock car, with movable floors for making two decks, which was sold to the Montgomery Palace Stock-Car Company of New York for a large sum. He had then invented an automatic fire-alarm, which came into extensive use. Then he devised a wood machine for the manufacture of pins ; and in 1872 he organized a Pin Factory at Valparaiso, Indiana, with a capital of $100,- 000, he acting as President for two years. He then went to Detroit, and thei'e organized the National Pin Company (yet in existence), of which he was the Superintendent until 1882. Nearly all the valuable machinery of this es- tablishment was the product of his inventive skill. Early in his Eailroad experience, he be- came impressed with the importance of pro- vision for increased Eailway speed. Such object he provided for in 1880, by the applica- tion of power to an upjser driver wheel, to act by friction upon one below. With the financial aid of others, this plan was developed at the Grant Locomotive Works, Paterson, New Jersey, under his personal supervision, in the construction of a Fontaine engine, which at once commanded the attention of Eailway managers, while the press made known to the world the extraordinary qualities of the ma- chine. Its chief peculiarity consisted in the fact, that by it the power was applied by a single rod on each side, running from the cj'linder to a large drive-wheel located imme- diatel}^ above the front driver of an ordinary locomotive. The upper drive-wheel was of the same dimensions as of the lower one, and thus applied the principle of large and small pulleys. Trial trips with this appliance demonstrated its capacity for making faster time than had been attained. The passage between Amherst- burg and St. Thomas, Canada (111 miles), was made in the unparalleled space of 98 minutes. Subsequently, a single mile was made in 42 seconds, which yet stands as the fastest move- ment on record. The Scientific American, of November 5, 1881, 8j)oke of the improvement as one that " could not fail to give a notable impetus to the advancement of Eailway engi- neering, and to the social and commercial changes incident to increased facilities for rapid transit." Two other like engines were manu- factured and successfully used. While the work performed by the Fontaine engine, as measured b}' speed, weight of train, fuel consumed and economy in maintenance, excelled all other like machines, the inventor and those interested with him, tailed to convince Eailway managers and mechanical experts of its durability, or that greater power was supplied bj' the appli- cation of one driving-wheel upon another, than tliat received through the piston. Mr. Fontaine has never yielded his belief that thorough trial would have more fully vindicated his theory. While at Detroit, he invented a needle-making machine of complicated construction, capable of making 60 jjerfect needles ready for temi^er- ing per minute, an entirely new operation. In 1882 he was instrumental in organizing in New York the American Needle Company, with a capital of S500,000, of which he was the Superintendent for 18 months, when, for lack of financial management, the enterprise was discontinued. In 1883, Mr. Fontaine came to Toledo, and organized the Great Western Pin Companj^, whose establishment is located near the Milburn Wagon Works, and whose opera- tions have been attended with success. All the machinery- there employed is of his invention. Each machine makes 400 pins per minute, being nearly double the capacity of any other machine ; while another contrivance sticks in paper 2,700 pins per minute. Mr. Fontaine's latest invention consists of a contrivance for making a continuous rail where one track crosses another. The crossing consists of four short pieces of rail, mounted on iron posts, firmly resting on stone foundations. One posi- tion of these rails makes a continuous line over one of the Eoads, and by a simple contrivance they can be turned in quadrant, making rail for the intersecting track. These four pieces are also connected with a signal indicating their STATISTICS. 795 positions. Tiie Fontaine Crossing and Signal Company has been organized for the manufac- ture in Toledo of these appliances. Beside the inventions already named, is the nail ma- chine recently perfected. It makes 500 nails per minute, against 200 heretofore produced. Machines are made for making nails from five- eighths of an inch to three inches in length, each being adjusted for four different sizes. No less than 41 patents have been granted to Mr. Fon- taine, a record rarely attained. Though com- paratively a new citizen of Toledo, the special prominence gained by him in the great field of mechanical and useful invention, and especially his identification with local enterprises, entitle him to recognition in this volume. Mr. Fontaine was married in 1851 with Catharine Waite, of Rouse's Point, New York. They have five chil- dren — Eugene Henry, born June 20, 1854, now studying mechanical engineering in Europe ; Georgie, the wife of George A. Fry. of Fort Wayne, born June 26, 1860; Lillie, wife of D. M. Stewart, of Chicago, born January 22, 1863: Eugenie, born September 6, 1865, and William Alfred, born May 12, 1872. INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS. We give below a tabular statement of the Industries of the City of Toledo for the years 1850, 1860, and 1880, comjjrising the different kinds of business, the number of establishments of each, the capital invested, the average num- ber of bands employed, the average yearly wages paid and the value of the product. Also, the cost of the material is included in the state- ment for 1880. 1850. 1860. Bakery Boot & Shoe Mak'g Book Binding.. Brick Making .. Cabinet and Fur' te Cooper Shops Clothing Distillery Foundry & Mach. Shop Flouring Marble Yard Planing .Mill ... . Saw Mills Sash Factory Shingles '. Sail Loft Saddle and Harn's Tin, Sheet Iron.ctc WagoT and Black smith Work Totals 38 1 $250 fi 2,150 1 400 1 1,000 4 3,850 2 1,150 5 10,800 1 16,000 1 7,500 1 22,000 1 2,000 1 7,500 4 8,800 1 1,200 1 300 1 1,000 1 1,000 3 6,500 5,500 S98,S00 263 ANNUAL PRODUCT. Kind. $l,062'Bread, etc... 9,4aO'lSoots and Shoes 720 Blank Books 2,400 Bricks 7,920, Furniture, etc.. 3,600 Barrels 9,.592 Clothing.. 4,416| Whiskey 5,820 2,160, 2,400 ! 2,5201 7,260 1,680 480 480 1,080 4,080 Castings, etc Flour Dressed Marble. I'ressed Lumber Lumber.. Sash, Doors, etc. Shingles Sails, etc Saddlery, etc ... Tin Ware, etc—. Wagons, Black- smiths, etc S70,80S|. Value. S7.000 19,200 2,000 3,500 14,300 3,800 22,000 76,600 10,000 75,000 4.000 11,550 29,500 2,200 1,.375 1.500 2.500 11.500 13,000 304,525 BUSINESS. 1 1 1 $660,700 17,200 3,0110 81,000 12,000 800 3.000 15,000 14,700 74,400 2,500 11,600 59,000 98,000 2,500 3,800 2,300 500 57,000 22,C00 60,500 25,000 3.000 4,500 6,000 25,500 58,000 500 I ■§ s: 885 77 9 31 80 9 7 18 29 323 17 21 48 20 5 12 34 3 46 47 64 36 12 5 37 109 2 1 ■«1 1 100 14 2 4 4 2 1 1 5 11 5 4 2 3 2 2 3 1 4 5 6 2 1 3 8 3 1 8288,024 25,896 2.610 10,980 23,100 3,240 2,400 10.800 11,184 72,988 4.560 6,900 17,100 8,316 2,100 3,480 3,408 720 13,680 15,552 17,880 12,000 1,(W0 3,7,^ 1,.560 17.904 21,810 480 $1,568,390 60,325 12.000 124,500 28,800 6,000 25,000 75,000 28,000 ■-w.ooo 14,000 29,800 51,000 407,000 23,000 27,500 14,,500 2,850 208,000 40,010 10o,3l«l 44,000 12,000 15,625 27,000 112,100 180,000 4,000 Boots and Shoes Book Binding Breweries Brick Yards Boat \ards. BridKe Building Oai I'^actorv Carriage andBl'cksm'g Clothing Manufac'ing. Cooper Shops Furniture Foundry & Mach.Shop Flouring Mills Gas Fitters Lime Kilns Marble Works Orn. Iron Works Planing Mills, etc Saw Mills .Shingles and Staves... Saddlery, etc Soap and Candles Tin, Sheet Iron, etc— . Tobacco and Cigars ... Vinegar Factory 1880. INDUSTRIES. I All Industries Blacksmilhing, a Boots and Shoes, 6 Bakeries Brick and Tile Brooms, Brushes Carpenteriny^.-.. Clothing, Men's. Clothing, Women Coffee and Spices. Cooperage Drugs, Chemicals Flour, Grist Mills Foundry and Jla^ chine Shops Furniture, c Hats and Caps... Liquors, Malt Looking Glasses Picture Frames Lumber, planed, d Lumber, sawed .. Marble and Stone Works Masonry. Brick & Stone Mineral and Soda Waters Painting and Pa- per Hanging Photographing... Plumbing andGas Fitting Printing and Pub- lishing Roofing and Roof- ing Materials.,. Saddlery, Harness Sash, l3oors and Blinds, e Shipbuilding I d $5,534,285 67.38 33,.565 41,7,50 100,.3OO 39,000 2,610 90.800 205,2l!0 51,000 69,000 72,700 43,000 129,600 267,000 158,000 17,00li 450,000 104,900 18,.500 428,000 52,7,00 26,600 30,000 17,200 14,100 24,8'0 353,700 9,000 25,250 336.300 53,050 66 124 129 112 206 863 36' 279 42 142 3; 50 272 147 124 245 110 20 249 32. 260,456 30,875 .57,203 43,980 24,(X10 14,050 90,005 99,260 49,180 17.475 42,045 7,550 23,000 104,067 45,490 14,920 107,351 .34,419 7.295 83,900 20,500 8,354 31,635 11,373 16,014 141,322 7,725 23,055 178,549 48,860 17,200 36,855,317 24 295 94,672 182,274 12,950 14,740 227,520 248,690 143,000 201.000 65,695 71,925 562,500 227.036 77,450 11,006 463,200 82,142 16,550 457,000 26,600 15,010 27,470 5,780 40,3.'>9 180,169 9.300 42,375 344,000 40,450 10,600,074 69,045 181,488 277,900 47,000 36.000 356.770 409.580 225,000 240,000 139,731 101,069 619,720 447,7.50 152,100 33,740 827,16.1 1.38,189 3i,'4 a See also Wheelwrighting. 6 See also Boots and Shoes. c See also Furniture. d See also Lumber, planed. g See also Sash, Doors and Blinds. / See also Slaughtering and Packing. ff See also Tobacco. Cigars and Cigarettes. h See also Tobacco, Chewing and Smoking. i See also Furniture. j See also Blacksmithing. STRIKES. The most extensive and sei-ious "strike" in this conntiy (to that time) was that of Eailway employees in the suninier of 1877. Beginning on the Baltimore and Ohio Eailway in West "Vir- ginia, about the 20th of July the outbreak extended throughout that line, and very soon reached the Pennsjivania Road. Pittsburgh was the scene of the most deadly contest be- tween the riotous " strikers " and their em- ployers and the civil authorities. July 21st, a conflict occurred in which 20 persons were killed and a large number wounded. Among the former was the iSherifi' of Allegheny County, and of the latter General Pearson, commanding the State troops called out to pre- serve order. The rioters at one time held the entire Eastern iwrtion of the City. Special eiforts were made for the destruction of the Eailroad Company's ^^roperty, by burning cars, freight, and buildings. It was estimated that the loss from this cause amounted to several millions of dollars. The New York Central and Lake Shore line soon became involved, as did most of the roads in the North and West. The movement was inaugurated at Toledo at 1 o'clock p. m. of July 23d, when, under the lead of parties from Cleveland, about 100 men entered the Eailroad Shops at Air Line Junction, shut down the engine and ordered the workmen to quit, which they did. Veiy soon the employees in the ware- houses, yards and .freight-houses joined the movement, and operations in every department were suspended. The prime cause of this upri,sing was the reduction of 10 per cent, "in wages. Ibe freight-house and track men received $1.00 per daj', and switchmen $34 per month. It was also said that passes had been denied to em- ployees, for special trips while on the line, and the doubling-up of trains, wliereb}' some were thrown out of employment while others were required to do additional service. The Engi- neers chiefly complained of a new classification system adopted, which they claimed would operate unjustly on them. On the part of the employees, it was de- manded : First — That the classificatioii of engineers be abolished forever. Second — That the rate of pay for engineers be $3.50 for 100 miles or less. Tliird — that the rate of pay for firemen be 11.7.5 per 100 miles. Fourth — that firemen and brakemen be furnished passes on the division where they work. Fifth— that trainmen be paid overtime for all detentions of 10 hours on the Erie Division, and of 12 hours on the Toledo Division, at the regular rate per day. Sixth — that the 10 per cent, reduction be restoi'ed to all employees. Seventh — That the Erie Division work- men receive 11.75 per 100 miles or less. Eighth — that no men be discharged for participating in this movement. That yard conductors receive ii;2.50 per day ; yard day brakemen .$2.00 ; and night brake- men $2.15. That Toledo Division conductors and brakemen receive pay as previous to June 1, 1S77. Eleventh — that any deviation in part from these terms, be considered a deviation in the whole. A large meeting of strikers and .sj-mpathizers was held in the Fifth Ward July 23d, which was addressed by difterent persons in spirit ami terms calculated to justify the movement and inflame jjassion to greater lawlessness. The main result of the meeting was the adop- tion of the following resolution : Resolved, That we request every laboring man to join a Laboring Men's organization that shall co- operate and sympathize with the Railroad men who have struck. And further, that every laboring man shall abstain from working until he receives $1.50 per day. And also that we appoint a commit- tee of three laboring men from each Ward, to call upon the proprietors or managers of all factories, lumberyards, and firms, and request tliem to pay their hands $1.50 per day, and inform them that until they do, their hands will not work. In accordance with these resolutions, such committee of 24 was appointed and the meet- ing adjourned until the next morning, when a large crowd assembled at the United States Hotel and organized for the projwsed visita- tion, by the selection of a leader. The proces- sion embraced about 200 men. They pro- ceeded from Perry down Water street to the Penn.sylvania Eailroad depot, stopping on the way to call upon such as they found at work to liill into line, which many did. On reach- ing a factoi'V or other establishnu-iit employing hands, the leader would go in and demand a susfiension of work. Usually the fbreniiin would saj- in substance : " But our men are satisfied with their wages. What will be the result if they keep on at work?" The leader would reply: " It makes no difl'erence whether your men are STRIKES. 707 satisfied or not. No one is to work until all :iro satisfied, and all are gettiiii; iiniCorin and 0(|uitable wages. You keep on woi-king till f'lirtlaT nolifo at your own risk. You take your e-hancos." At another plai-o tlio loader said to the foreman : " Y'ou must shut down ; and don't you open again, either. So don't ld(.-k about it." Tlie mob passed from street to street, carry- ing terror wherever they went. It met no resistance at any point. The air was full of rumoi-s of wiiat the leaders designetl to do in violence and plunder. No such condition of alarm had been known to the City. Among the establishments visited were S. C. Schenck's Coal Yard, Walterhouse's Lumber Yard, Loeb's Stone Works, David Smith's Saw Mill, Ainslie & Masten's Iron Foundry, Eussell & Thayer's Foundry, the Bending Works, and Haugliton it Kneisser's Machine VVoi'ks. The march con- tinued from 10 A. M. until about 3 p. m., when it was suspended, for the reason that all places were found closed after that hour. At night, the mob marched to the Board of Ti-ade building (corner of Water and Madison Streets), with threats toward dealers in grain or other food jiroperty, but committed no act of violence. Thence they proceeded to the office of the Commercial (152 St. Clair Street), with the intention of forcing a suspension of work there, that jiapor having been specially out-spoken in disapprovalof their proceedings; but such ])urpose was not executed. U]ion the call of Mayor Jones, a large meet- ing was hehl at Market Space (between Monroe and Washington Streets), on the evening of this demonstration (July 25tli), when the Mayor jii'esided, and brief addresses were made by Messrs. J. C. I.ee, C. W. Bond, the Mayor, J. C. Cotfman, J. R. Swigart and others. There was an evident effort by the lawless to defeat the object of the meeting, but that did not succeed. A resolution was adopted, requesting the Mayor to appoint a Committee of Safety, to consi.st of not less than 20 from each Ward, whose duty it was made to enroll the law-abiding citizens of the several Wards, and to assist the authori- ties in sustaining oi'der. The same night the Police Board passed an order for the immediate <'losing of all saloons in the City, tliey to be ke])t closed until further order. The Mayor very .soon announced the Committee of Safety proposed b}' the meeting of citizens, which was as follows: First irar(?-S. S. Thorn, W. W. Cook, Fred. Wit- kcr, \Vm. Baker, J. K. Seney, J. E. Bailev, A. T. Hatliaway, M. W. Hubbell, J. T. Greer, J. U. Eitchie, Geo. Mack, Igiiace Wernert, C. C. Doolittle, J. W. Fuller, Edwanl Chapin. A. L. Backus, C. L. Luce, Hartwell Oslwrn, V. J. Fmmick, A. G. Clark. Seconil ]V(inl — N. A. Eggleston, J. F. Ivinnear, H. A. C'lumiberlin, C. L. Young, B. Meilink, L. W. Foster, S. H. Bergen, Phil. Blank, J. C. Wuertel, A. H. Newcomb, Jos. Heinl, S. S. Linton, E. A. Bas- sett, P. C. Moross, Thos. Dunlap, Henry Spielbu.scL, Alex. Weber, E. B. Paine, G. H, Fisher, Fred, Gratz. Third Ward-C. R. Heath, R. H. Bell, Geo. Emer- son, P. H. Ddwling, A. D. Pclton, Chas. Jloyers, C. ir. (^.y, C. G. Winiield, fl. Arms, K. H. Warriner, J. \V. .Siniih, A. K. liooil, I'red. Smith, Calvin Cone, Peti'r Wachter, Vincent Hamilton, >!. liVons, W. T. Ui.lciionr, Win. B. Taylor, F. W. Preston, W. W. Trvon, I). B. Sturgeon, Langdon Smith, N. M. Ilnw- ard, S. M. Young, F. J. King, T. .M. Cook, E. l:. Wil- liams, Albert Moore, .John Schunk, .1. IL Nolen, J. T. Southard, S. H. Standart. C. V. Curtis, S. Grolf, Na- thaniel Haughton, Thos. Tiernan, ]•). T. Waite. Fanrlli Ifhrt?— Rev. Edward llannin, Guido JIarx, Roger Sheehy, Fred. Lang, Sr., W. W. Grillith, Christ. Woehler, .lames McCiettigan, .T. W. Toullciton, Chas. Dodge, C. S. Curtis, Geo. Jfei.ssncr, Horace Thaclier, ' Jr.. John Daiber, Wni. Breed, Jolm Huberich, J. T. Maher, Chas. Wittich, R. S. Jennings, Frank Neis, II. ti. Nenbert, James Mc\'ery, Geo. Brenner. Fifth Ifacrf— J. E. Phelps, Cyrus Spencer. Homer Bishop, Ed. Otto, ,\nios S. Kent, Bernard Kline, r{. D. Niles, A. W. Jndkins, P. Christie. Robert !Iunter, I. N. Poe, Geo. Stebbins, J. IX l<\)rd, Geo. Vetter, S. W. Freeman, E. P. Raymond, !>. Eritz, C. Ricliard- son, F. E. Seagrave, Dennis Fey, C. IL Sawyer, D. Leary, James Sullivan, M. Iliggins, J. S. (irahani, Dennis Sheahan, P. Garry, James Coyle, Pat. Mur- ray, Frank Tillman, Ferdinand Johnson. Si.rth Il'ro-rf— L. A. Metzger, H. N. Howland, T. J. Webb, Chris. Meslin, Frank Tracy, Robert Navarre, Wm. Prentice, J. H. Emery, Geo. Scheets, J. A. Brown, Joab Squire, F. P. Wilson. John Mack, Fred. .laeger, W. W. Morse, Geo. Jee, Willis E. Clark, Erie Hamilton, Richard Dawkins, Bernard Lancto, Arnold McMahon, M. T. Huntley, II. McGraw, Henry Hulce. Elias Fassett. Si:itiiili ITdn/— W. J. Meyer, John Karm, Peter Berber, Jacob Harbauer, M. Merickle, Wni. Henzler, M. McLaughlin, H. T. Cook. Wm. Hook, N. Neu- hausel, C. J. Kirschner, Philip Hoflemeister, W. T. Walker, A. A. Andrews, Jr., Jacob Romeis, Cliris. Gerber, J. R. Lawton, J. W. Kefsey, Geo. Milmine, J. Hakios, Cieo. G. Keeler. Eiijhlli )l'<(r-i— Owen Farrell, E. B. Hall, C. H. Eddy,' T. P. Brown, l^xt. Horan, James Malone, S. L. Stanthorpe, Syl. Donahue, Andrew Nesbitt, John Tallman, Anthony Eagan, Pat. Madden, Wm. Gor- man, Michael Geelan, Adolph Wolf, M. Lotterer, Pat. Owens, Sr., D. W. Stroud, John Walsh, Tlieo. Golden, David Bolan, Henry Lang, Henry Peiter. Upon the call of Sheriff Albert Moore, a meeting was held at the Court-Hou.so on the nnn-ning of the 26th of July, for more thorough organization in su])port of the Committee pro- vided for at the meeting the night before. To this end, a force of Citizen Soldiery was rai.sed fi)r the common defense. Seven Companies were organized for regular militarj- drill and patrol, and were made up largely of ox-Union Soldiers. They were under command of Colonel Nat. Haughton, with Lieutcminf-Coloncl Geo. E. Welles, Aide H. D. Waite, and A- be abated. In Prof Winchell's report upon the geology of Hancock County, in 1872, mention was made of the interesting fact, that Jacob Carr had, for a number of years, lighted his house on Main Street with gas col- lected from wells on his premises. Dr. Oester- lin had long been interested in this gas phe- nomenon, and had time and again endeavored to interest his fellow-townsmen in the matter, but without success, until the introduction of gas at Pittsburgh had caused that Citv's won- derful growth to become familiar to the news- paper-reading public. In the early summer of 1884 he succeeded in interesting a few of his fellow-citizens in his plans, when $4,000 was raised with which to drill for gas. A site was selected about a mile East of the Town, upon land owned bj'Dr. Oesterlin, where he had, for many years, noticed a strong odor in the midst of a little grove. Ten or twelve years before he had caused a small hole to be dug there, and had inserted in this an empty barrel, with a piece of tile-|iipe in the top. The gas collected in the barrel, and when lighted at the end of the pipe burned freely and continuously for weeks. In drilling the well, "pockets" of Eras were encountered at 516, filB, 640, and 718 feet depth ; but the main body, or reservoir, was not reached until the drill had sunk 1,096 feet, and then it was discovered in Trenton lime- stone, four feet below its upper surface. The gas came with force enough to run an ensrine when turned into it, instead of steam. When lighted from a stand-pipe, an immense flame shot up with a deafening roar and was visible 10 or 15 miles away. The flow of gas was not measured, but was estimated to be about 250,- OOO cubic feet daily, issuing from the stand-pipe under a pressure of 390 to 400 pounds to the square inch. Another well was drilled early in 1885, and the history of the pioneer well was repeated in almost ever}' particular. The gas was at once turned into the (3ity mains. In drilling the third well, the gas-bearing rock was found a few feet lower, and the capacity was found b}' measurement to be 80,000 cubic feet ])er day. The fourth well was drilled 1,200 feet beloi-o Trenton rock was reached and was found to j'ield several times as much gas as the largest already drilled. For the first time Pindlay had now se(uired a fairlj' vigorous flow of gas. An anemometer measurement taken at tliis lijne showed that 1,29(),000 cubit feet was oscajnng each day. Very soon oil begar. to appear witli the gas, and in the cour.so of a few months the well was ]n"oduciiig four to five barrels of oil daily, while the flow of gas was reduced, and in two years it was valued more for its oil than for its gas. By the first of April, 1886, there had been drilied 17 wells in and immediately around Findhiy. Two of these were failures. All of the others were productive, 11 yielding dry gas, and four yielding gas and oil. Of the 11 wells yielding gas alone, one became the wonder of the country. The " Ka'rg Well," which was completed Januarv 20, 1886, gave a measured yield of over 12,000,000 cubic feet daily; and until the discovery of the "Simons Well," in the Bloomvillo field, it was the largest gas well in Ohio. The composition of the Findlay gas, as de- termined by Prof Howard, is as follows: Marsh gas (light carburetted iiydrogen) _. 92.01 Olefiantgas p-^l' Hydrogen -AS Nitrogen 3.61 Oxygen ".34 Carbonic acid 0.26 Carbonic oxide O.oO Sulphuretted hydrogen 0.20 100.00 In 100 cubic feet there are 125 .grains of sulphur. Its specific gravity is 57. Hence, 1 cubic foot weighs .^18. OS grains. As a fuel, it is estimated tliat 1,000 cubic ft. of gas is worth, coke being $2..'i0, 9.4 cts. 1,000 " " " " coal lieiiigii;1.20, S.Octs. One ton of coal is eipial to lil.O.So cubic icct of gas. The rock-pressure in thefirst wells registered 400 to 450 pounds; but in later times this was reduced lo about 375 pounds. All wells reach this mark when closed — the lai-ge wells in a short time, the " Karg" for example, in U minutes; the smaller wells requiring, perhaps, hours. The same lino of facts obtain in other Ohio gas fields. The large and the small pro- ducers meet together on a common ground, so far as pressure is concerned. From these successes in Findlay every ani- bitious Town in Northwestern Ohio was inci- ted to send down the drill and see if this wonderful product was not lying under its 802 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. fields, only awaiting the advent of the drill that it might be made known. It so happened that Bowling Green, which quickly saw the value of Fiudlay's discovery, was successful in finding a moderate sujaply of gas; while Lima, Allen County, was next heard from in finding oil. The record of the drilling at Bowling Green shows an almost exact corre- spondence with the records of the Findlay wells. The first vigorous well was secured about one mile South of the Town — one with capacity of 1,000,000 feet per day. Two miles faj-ther South, at Portage, another good supply was found at about the same time. A large addition was made to the gas field in May, 1886, by the discovery of gas at Bloomdale, Wood County, seven mile.s west of Fostoria, 10 miles Northeast of Findlay. Tren- ton rock was reached at a depth of 1,115 feet. The Bloomville field occupies the East side of Heni-y Township, a large part of Bloom Town- ship, Wood County, and the Southern portion of Peri-y Township. It begins at North Bal- timore and extends to the water-tanks, six miles West of Fostoria. In this section the largest well is the " Simons," which j-ielded 12,000,000 cubic feet bf gas from the casing the day after the well was completed. The largest well in the Northern Ohio field is that in Van Buren, Hancock Countj-, drilled by Conroy & Johnson, which, six weeks alter the flow was struck, yielded 15,000,000 cubic feet of gas every 24 hours. Itvvas very soon a fact, that hardly a farm in Hancock and Wood Counties had not been explored bj' the drill. Here a gas well was building up a Town — there an oil well was paying a large daily revenue to its owners. A new class of men became known to the com- munity — men to lease or secure the right of drilling on the farms. The}' would agree to drill a well within a certain specified time, and give one-eighth of the product to the owner; or, if they failed in this, would pay a yearly rental for the privilege of having control of the farm. Wonderful wells were discovered, only to be eclipsed by others more wonderful. Land that had been considered dear at $50 per acre for farmini; purposes, sold at §500 per acre, and even at $1,000, because of the discovery in the neighborhood of oil or gas. The derrick of the drill was seen on every hand, and though immense sums of money were sunk in failures, the successes were frequent, and occasionally so exceedinglv profitable, that at this date the work of drilling is Koinsr on with increased vigor. The gas field may now fairly be said to be well defined ; j-et, there may be equally as great surprises in store in the future as were in the past. No wells of very large capacity have been yet discovered in Lucas County. Drill- ing at North Toledo, Java, Sylvania, Air Line Junction, in Toledo, Mouclova, and White House, have discovered only " dry holes." The Waterville field has produced wells with large capacity, but as yet not equal to the larger wells in Wood and Hancock Counties. The results in Ottawa, Sandusky and Williams Counties are similar to those in Lucas. Gas has occasionall}' been struck, but only in comparatively small quantities, and the wells are of but local importance. The discoveries made in gas and oil in North- ern Ohio were of intense interest to the people of Toledo. Each new well discovered seemed to be bringing these ti'easures of nature closer to her borders, and to offer greater hopes that the drill would soon prove that gas was within her limits. If these hopes should be realized, it meant wonderful growth for the City. What was seen of the effects of natural gas in Pitts- burg, would be seen on even larger scale in Toledo. Her natural advantages were supe- rior to those of Pittsburg in every point. She had superior Eailroad connections, and was a better center from which to ship her wares, and was better situated for raw materials. Pittsburg's great advantage, heretofore, had been, first, her cheap coal, and then her natu- ral gas; but Toledo, with gas beneath her, might boldly enter the field and bid for manu- factures, against not only Pittsburg, but against the Union. Steps taken toward testing gas deposits were ver}' slow. Everybody wondered why someone did not put the drill in motion, but no one seemed ready to put his own money in the venture. The first to begin the test, was Hor- ace S. Walbridge, of the Maumee Boiling Mill Company, East Toledo. He proposed, as the matter was largely one in which the whole City was interested, the Common Council pay a part of the expense of the experimental work. If gas was discovered in paying quanti- ties, the money so advanced to be refunded to the City. This was agreed to, and in the fall of 1885 drilling was started near the Rolling Mill. At a depth of 660 feet, gas was struck in small quantities, and the well shot. The in- crease was so slight that drilling was continued to 1,490 feet, where small amounts of gas and oil were found, and the well was again shot with dynamite. The result was failure, and at 1,500 feet the drill found salt water. A second well was drilled in the vicinity with similar result. The drill found very hard limestone to the depth of 550 feet; then slate (hard and and soft) to 1,490 feet, the rock at that point being like flint. Matters rested here for some months, but many projects were suggested. It was felt that the failure in East Toledo simply proved that the locality chosen was an un- favorable one, and that the question was still open. In the spring of 1886, a Company, consist- ing of C. A. King, D. E. Locke, J. F. Kuraler, Henry Kahlo, M. J. Enright, P. H. Bowling, FUEL. 803 and others, organized under the name of the Citizens' Natural Gas Companj', of Toledo, for the purpose of drilling for gas and piping the City. Contracts were made for drilling a well at Air Line Junction, that ap- pearing to be, from surface indications, a favorable point. The result of drilling was anxiously awaited, andthe well was abandoned at a depth of about 1,600 feet. After this experience there was disinclination for farther trials, and negotiations were opened by which the Company sold its charter, City ordinances and franchises to Col. Lemert, of Bucyrus, and Ex-Gov. Charles Foster. These gentlemen were successful in inducing the Standard Oil Company, of Cleveland, to become interested in the project with them, and the Northwestern Natural Gas Company, of Toledo, was organized on the charter purchased from the Citizens' Natural Gas Comjjany. Of this Company Charles Foster was elected President; J. E. Wilkison, Secretary and Treasurer; H. S. Corwin, Superintendent; and John H. Doyle, Attorney. In August, 1886, five Toledo citizens— James Blass, Wm. H. Maher, J. D. Cook, John Cum- mings, and Milton Taylor, organized the Toledo Natural Gas Company with a capital of §100,- 000, and secured the passage of a City ordi- nance permitting them to drill for gas, to pipe the Streets, and to furnish gas to consumers. The Company elected Milton Taylor, Presi- dent; John Cummings, Vice President; Wm. H. Maher, Secretary ; and James Blass, Treas- urer. These gentlemen had no intention of drilling for gas within the limits of Toledo, but to pipe it from the Wood County gas fields. After the discovery of oil in these fields, the oil men of Pennsylvania had hastened to Ohio and began leasing land and drillin£r for oil. When, instead of oiT, the drill disclosed gas, the result was serious disappointment. They had no way of utilizing this product, and so large a share of their leases was proving gas- land, they began to search for an outlet for gas, by which they might realize something for their drilling and leases. Toledo was naturally the point to which they turned, when it was seen that no gas was found there. In this field, representing a syndicate of Pennsylvania Oil Eefineries, were T. J. Vandegrift and F. H. Aiken, of Jamestown, New Yorti. Communi- cation was opened with the Toledo Natural Gas Company in January, 1887, and a basis arrived at by which the syndicate they repre- sented would unite with the Toledo stockhold- ers and pipe gas from Bloom Township, Wood County, to Toledo. The Company reorganized, electing L. H. Smith, of New York City, Presi- dent ; John Cummings, Vice President; W. F. Crane, Secretary and Treasurer ; J. A. Lam- bing, Superintendent; and James M. Brown, Attorney. Two Companies were thus in the field. The Northwestern had also secured franchises from the Cities of Fostoria, Fremont and Tiffin, and began piping gas from the Bairdstown district — first to Fostoria, reaching there early in the Winter of 1886-7. Fremont was the next objective point, gas being turned on there in the early Summer of 1887. Early in the year iron pipes were sent to Toledo and distributed along the streets, much to the delight of the citizens, who impatiently lonircd for natural gas. One morning in March this feeling of gratifica- tion was still further heightened by seeing four or five hundred men, witli picks and shovels, begin to tear up Tenth Street, from Jefferson to Adams; and these followed bv other gangs to lay pipes in the trenches. These were the advance guard of the Northwestern Company, and from that time onward through the Sum- mer, men were at work piping the Streets of the City. It was noticed that the Northwestern Company began its work at Monroe Street as its Soutliern limit, and from there went always North. When the Toledo Companj' began to distribute its pipe, it was seen that it made Monroe Street its Northern boundarj-, and from there piped Southward; so, it was claimed, that a division of territory of the City had been made, so that there would in reality be no com- petition in prices. During the Summer both Companies em- ployed large gangs of men, probably 1,.'500 in all, at good wages, and the work ot laying pipes progressed rapidly. The trenches were three to four feet deep, just enough to avoid action of heat and cold in contracting and expanding the wrought iron of which the pipes were made. Thejoiuts were made tight by iron thimbles; and the whole work, under skilled overseers, was done rapidly. While tins was being done in the City, other gangs were laying the main pipes from the gas field to the City. The Toledo Company had chosen its route by way of Perrysburg, crossing the Maumee River on the County bridge to Maumee, and thence direct to Toledo ; its main line being 36 miles long. The Northwestern Company laid its main line direct from Bloom- dale, Wood County, to East Toledo, crossing under the Maumee River, and coming into the City at the foot of Oak Street ; this main line being 34 miles long. Great was the joy of the people of Toledo, when, in August, 1887, the City being crowded with .strangers in attendance on the Republican State Convention, a standidpe. 120 feet high, erected on the corner of St. Chiirand Madison Streets, was lighted, and the brilliant sheet of fire from natural gas shot toward the heavens. It was an eventful night for Toledo, and men went home congratulating each other upon the glorious dawn of prosperity that natural gas assured them. S04 HISTOIiY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. During all these months, there were many who believed that the question of gas being under Toledo had never been fully tested. They claimed that the well at Air Line Junction proved nothing — not even that gas was not there, ibr the drill was taken out bo- fore salt water was reached. Tlie Toledo Gas and Oil Development Com|iaii3' was organized to drill in the vicinity of Toledo until the ques- tion of gas was settled beyond doubt, and tlien work towards the known gas fields. Such Company was composed entirely of T(jledo men ; shares were ^20 each ; and work was begun in the Summer of 1887, by sinking a well at Manhattan. Small pockets of gas were dis- covered at various depths, and were the occasion of much hope to all concerned. A small amount of gas was found at a depth of 500 feet ; but the drill eventually went into salt water, and the well was a failure. Another was soon begun in the same section; but again the drillers reached salt water and found no gas, except traces. It then seemed demonstrated that natural gas, in paj-ing quantities, was not to be found under the City, and after April, 18S8, further attempts in that direction had not been made. Gas was turned in the pipes by the two Com- panies August 10, 1887. The main pipe of the Northwestern Company is 10 inches in diame- ter and 34 miles long. The average roek- pressure at the mouth of the wells is about 390 pounds to the square inch. By friction, &e., this is J'educed to about 200 pounds at the City limits. To produce proper combustion, the gas is largely mixed with air, and the appliance at the mouth of stove or furnace connection is so perforated that the gas takes in many times its bulk of air. This appliance is called a " Mixer," and the rate of charges is based upon the size of the Mixer in use. These jjrices are given in detail below, but for the purpose of comparison and exjjlauation, it may be said, that the sav- ing in cost in an ordinary heating or cooking stove, over hard coal at $5.00 per ton, is esti- mated at 25 per cent. With furnaces the saving was much greater, ranging from 30 to 50 per cent.; while for public l)uildings and factories it was equall}' large. In addition to this saving on the ch Prentice, was then staniling on the West side of Monroe Street, where Koff it Co. now are, and occupieplied to, being, that he was just out from a fit of the ague, and was not able to work. The well men being fagged out, the stores were de- stroyed. All that could be done was to save the near buildings. About half way between Locust and Lagrange Streets, was the Mansion House, 385 Summit. On the Southeast corner of Summit and Lagrange Streets, was a two-story frame store, belonging to and occupied by Dr. Jacob Clark, the sign over tiie door being Clark & Bennett. This corner was then re- garded as about the centre of Ijusiness in Toledo, and jierhaps the be.st stand in the place, till i843, when, by the opening of the Canal, business was mainh- drawn towards the Port Lawrence end of the Town. This old store was afterwards occupied by Ketcham & Snell, and it was here that .foseph K. Secor commenced business life as a store-boy. It was sub-seijuently taken by Elijah S. Hanks, W'ho re- mained till it was burned, in 1844 or 1845. Lagrange Street was graded from Summit Street (pretty steeply), so that teams could jiass to the dock. Here, on the West side of the Street, was the Ware- house of Peckham & Co., still standing, now owned by P. H. Birckhead (303-369 Water Street). Peck- ham & Co. did the largest forwarding business of the place, most of the steamboats coming in the River stopping at their wharf. The members of the firm were Bunnell H. Peckham and John Berdan. In the Spring of 1836, two other Warehouses were put up near the foot of Lagrange Street, on the East side. The lower one was occupied by Bissell & Gard- ner (Frederick Bissell and Jo.seph B. Gardner). Mr. Bissell continued in business in Toledo till his death, in June, 1870. Gardner was afterwards Postmaster, succeeding Judge Potter, in 1839. He removed to Buffalo, and died many years ago. The other Warehouse was kept first by Poag & Morse, then Poag & Titus, and afterwards by Robert W. Titus. John Poag went to New York about 1840, and after a few years became one of the firm of Kent, Poag & Co., — grew wealthy, invested largely in Toledo real estate, which has turned out very ad- vantageously. He returned to Toledo, and died in 18G8. The same warehouse (the second story) was taken b}' Titus & Co., from New York, in the Spring of 1838 (Avery and Walter Titus), for a dry goods and groceries jobbing establishment. They did a good business ; but. trying to carry a load of debt, grow- ing out.of theii' New' York business in 1S:')7, proved too great a buiden, and, after the death of Avery Titus, in 1841, tlie firm was obliged to suspend. Walter is still living in New York. These Ware- houses still remain, and are parts of the Novelty Works establishment. Southea.st corner Lagrange and Water. The first Mill for grinding grain in Toledo was built during the year 183S, for Edward ARCHITECTURE. 80!) Bissoll,and under tlic supcrintondcncoof Aliira Hil)bai'(i. It was located at the foot of Klin Street. V>y Jamiarj-, ISoO, it was so lUr ad- vanced, tliat the work of jiiitliiiii; in the niaehinei-y was commenced. The parts of the entwine lor the propelliny of the mill were brought here from Sandusky or Detroit, and jnit Id placeby a machinist by the name of Hall, from Detroit. The mill-wrighl's name was Clark, he coming from Adrian, or thereabouts. i[r. Josiah Chambers bad come here for settlement during the 3-ear 1838, and having hail experience in milling was engaged to assist in getting the machinery in place, and when this was accom- plished he became the Miller. All things being ready, operations were commenced in March, 1839. The first grist consisted of 32 bushels of "Wheat purchased for the purpose, which was ground in the most satisfactory manner in 55 minutes, a result highly pratitying to all con- cerned, ilr. Chambers had left a job of cutting Steamboat cord-wood, to work at the mill, and in April returned to it, when a Miller from Western New York succeeded him in the mill; but the newcomer soon became discouraged at the general condition of tilings about Toledo, and returned to his old home. In such emer- gency Mr. Chamberswas sent for, when it was arranged that the mill should be run two da3's in the week — Wednesdays and Saturdays — and he should attend on those da_y.s. This he did for some time, the Mill, meantime, furnishing far greater facilities than there was demand lor. Some days there was scarcely anything to do. When not needed for the Grist Mill, the engine was used for driving a Saw Mill, adjacent. These J\lills subsequently passed into the hands of William H. Raymond, now a resident of California. They were burned manj' j-ears since. The engine in these Mills was the first one used in Toledo, and so substantial and per- fect a machine was it, that now, after a service of nearly half a century, the old ]iioneer is able to perform full service in furnishing power for the Planing Mill of John S. Eck & Co , 18 Su- perior Street. At the time Mr. Chambers was engageil to take charge of the Flouring Mill, lie was getting out wood for market, cutting it on lands about where now stands the residence of V. H. Ketcham (corner Cherry and Bancroft Streets). A portion of his wood was sold to Kichard Mott, lor Steamboat u.se, and was de- livered on the bank of the River near foot of Monroe Street, the price being $1.50 per cord lor the best i|uality. He then paid 25 cents per jard for common calico, 15 cents per pound for salt pork, and 45 cents per ])ound for butter, buying a ])ortion of his sii]iplies of the latter article from Rev. Isaac Flagler, then Pastor of the Presbyterian C!hurch, who received it in crocks from Western New York. Among the jirominent jioints in the early history of Toledo was a twostory frame build- ing, tJ2 Cherry Street, on the lot now occupied 52 by the Clark Block. It was erected in the Winter of 1835-(! lor Smith, Macj- & Co., of Buffalo, the builder being a Mr. Leet. The frame was a solid one, requiring much force, then to be had only by the voluntary co-opera- tii)ii of many neighbors, in what was known as a " I'aisiiif;." The structure was ]nit up in jiarts, beginning with the bents, which were followed by the various other parts, piece by piece, until the rafters were adjusted to the ridgepole. The job of that particular frame was greatly increased by the serious malarial sickness of the previous Summer and Fall, which had rendered so many physically unable to assist in such work. During the greater portion of its existence, the building was occu- pied as a boarding house, and in its earlier history was the temporary home of manj- of Toledo's prominent citizens. Its first tenant was Eleazer Newcomb, the father of Alexan- der H. Newcomb, who for several years kept boarders there. Among these were C. W. Hill, J. R. Bond, C. M. Dorr and J. R. Osborn. Gen. Dodd, a Canal contractor, at one time occupied a ]iortion of the building, as did Mr. Hertzler, tlie father of Horace Hertzler and Mrs. C. M. Dorr. Many weddings took place there, in- cluding those of S. R. Reed of Cincinnati; and the late Ira L. Clark, the veteran Conductor on the Lake Shore Railroad. In 1874, Wm. Clark, who for IS years had a boarding-house in the building, removed it, to make room for the brick block now on the site. "Wigwam" — the building, 168-172 Summit Street, has a history of some interest. At open- ing of the Presidential campaign of 1860, the site of that building was vacant, having never been improved. Not long after the nomination of Mr. Lincoln, the Republicans of Toledo sat about the supply- of much-needed headquarters for their part}', and the fact that the Chicago Convention of their party was held in a build- ing constructed si)ecially for the occasion and called a '■ Wigwam," after the abode of the Lulians, suggested the provision of like accom- modations here. Fortunately, the location was at hand, being 60 feet of space between two brick buildings, leaving front and rear walls and roof to be provided. This was soon done, when, a plain floor and seats and gas fixtures, the ■• Wigwam" was ready for dedication. It was amjileand convenient in accommodations, and was a lively' place throughout the cam- paign. After the election, it continued to be used for concerts and other public gatherings, furnishing, as it did, the amplest accommoda- tions in the City. In 1861, Mr. Uriah Gregory o]iened in this building a C'ollego of Trade, which embraced liotli instruction in the ditter- ent de|)artinents of commercial knowledge, by studies and lectures, and jiractical education in trade through a sales de|iartnient. For these purposes convenient rooms were provided. Among those who delivered lectures, were M. li. 810 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Waite, J. M. Gre£;oi\y, late United States Civil Service Coinniissioner ; liiihard Waitc, of liio Toledo Bar; and Moses T. Brown, the Sujjer- inten:!, the Post Office took the name of Toledo, with Comstock as Postmaster. He served until ]8;i('i, when Emery D. Potter was ap])oinfed. In ]8:-!!l, upon his election as President Judge of the Common Pleas Circuit, Jlr. Potter re- signed, and was succeeded iiv Jose])h B. tJard- ncr, who continued until 1811, at wliicii time Andrew Palmer was apjiointed. \n 184.") Tru- man C. Everts was made Postmaster, serving until the appointment of Hezekiah D. Mason in 1849. Upon the advent of tlie Pierce ad- ministration in 1853, General John E. Hunt, then of Mauniee City, was made Po.stmaster at Toledo, to which place he removed and con- tinued in the office until succeoerday for such service; that a Hook and Ladder Company be organized ; and that said house be located on Summit Street, and between Cherry au4 Adams Streets," The building FIRE DEPARTMENT. 815 was constructed, Mavoi* Brigham acting as Supcriiiteudeiit at tlio jirico named. The Council Comniitteo on Firo l)oi)ai-tnuMit, July 4, 1842, reported against tlio construction ot I'cservoirs for the use of the l)cpai'tment. The otMcers of the J)e]iartniont in 1S44 were as follows: Chief Pjngiiieer, Edwin Avery; .Assistants, B. V. Peclcliatn and JiobiTt JoHVey ; Fire Wardens — John N. ]\lount, First Ward ; J. K. RoTid, Second Wai'd ; t'oleman J. Kcelei', Third Ward. St'plenilicr 24, 1847, the City Cduiicil ])ro- vided for the jiurchaso of the Southeasterly' part of lot 101, I'ort Jiawi'cnce Division, lor i:iOO ; and for the im]5rovcinei)t of the .same hy grading and the erection thereon of an Engine House to cost not to exceed §2,5(10. March 20, 1848, was passed an ordinance '• to regulate the Fire Department," which pro- vided that the same should consist of " a Chief Engineer, a First and Second As-^istant Engi- neer, 8 Eire Wardens, and such F'ire En- gine Men, Hose Men, Hook and Ladder Men, and Bucket Men," as were or might be from time to time ajipointed. The special duties of the several otlicers of the De]iartment were set forth. An abstract of that ordinance will show something of what were then the methods and means for jjrotcction against tires in the Towns of the West : The Fire Wardens were attached to and enrolled in Engine Coui|ianies (not less than two to eaeh Company), and at every tire act with his Company, and assist in preparinjr stations and proeurini; water for Engines and Bucket Companies. They were to "prevent the hose from being trodden on and keep all idle and suspecti'd persons from the vicinity of the tire." They were also to 'cause the bystanders to form ranks for the eonveyance of water if re(pnsite," and tlie eitizeus were enjoined to comply with the orders and directions of the Wardens. These ottieers were to '' attend monthly meetings for exercise." The Firemen were divided into Companies, to con- sist of as many members as from time to time may be directed by the City Council, "to attend the respective engines, hose-carts, hooks and ladders, axes, saws and other fire apparatus belonging to the City." The entire Department was under the direction of the Chief Engineer and his Assistants. In order that the ap[)aratus be kept in good condition, the Firemen were required, on the first of each month, to meet at their respective rooms and on such days from May to November, inclusive, to "draw out their respective ajiparatus, in order to cleanse the sauie and exercise tlie men." For neglecting to attend such meetings, the Firemen were liable to a line of 50 cents ; and for neglecting to attend a fire or re- fusing to obey orders when there, to pay a fine of $:-!.00, and be subject to expulsion. For permitting an engine or other ajjjiaratiis to be used fur private purposes, without proper permi.ssion, the person responsible therefor was to be fined $5.00 and made liable for any damage to the property. Provision was made, when necessary in order to stay tlie progress of a fire, for blowing up, cutting down or removing any buildings, erections ami fences. Hosemen were to be selected from the Fire Companies or from other citizens hy the Chief Engi- neer, " to convey the yxtra hose, if any, to every lire, and there distribute the same, as might be required by the Faigineer." Attires, two men were to remain with hose-cart, the other lIo.semen to repair to the engines. The Iloseuien were to organize as a sepa- rate Company. Uniforms and badges of ollice were proviiled for. Firemen, on duty, were to wear uniform as provitled by their Couipanies, respect- ively. The Mayor and Aldermen, acting as such at fires, to bear a stall', painted white, with a gilded flame at the top; the Chief J'',ngineer a leather cap, painted white, with gilded combs, and having a fire-engine and the worils " ('hief ICngineer " in gilt in front, and carrying a black speaking-trumpet with the same words in white and a gold rim ; the Assistants to wear while leather caps, with black combs anci gild(Ml front, and tlir wiirds "Engine No. — " (astheca.se might be) iji black, and carry black S))eakiug-trum- pets, with their ollicial rank on their caps; Fire Wardens to wear hats with black rim — the crown and front w bite, with " Warden " in black, and carry trumpets; tV)remen to wear black leather caps, with white fronts and the word "Foreman" and No. of Company in black; Foremen of tlook and Ladder Companies to have a hook and ladder in black on their caps. A )]remium of §10.00 was provided for the Engine Company which should first arrive at a fire with its a|i|iaratus ready for use, and $5.00 to the Company aniviug within 10 nnnutes thereafter. Hook and l^ad Locust Street. Third in the list stands the National Hotel, opened about 183(i, by J. Blin & Co. It was located on the North side of Summit Street (old No. 77). In 1845 it was taken by Lyman T. Thayer, nho kept it lor three years. The most im])ortant advance to that time made in that direction was the opening of the American Hotel (Northwest corner of Summit and Elm Streets), in 183li, by James Browne, M- ho soon was succeeded b}' Daniel Segur. Dr. H. tiraham kept it for a time. In f851 L T. Thayer became the landlord, and occupied it until 1853, when he leased it to Mahlon King- man, but resumed charge in 1857, and con- tinued until the destruction of the building by fire in January, 18G1. The Toledo House (Northeast corner of Summit ami Perry Streets) was opened about lS3ti. J. Blin & Co. were ju-oprietors in 1837. In 1842, in preparation for the opening of the Wal)ash and Erie Canal, the house was enlarged by the adilition of another story, and ])rovided with great wooden columns in front, giving an awkward a])pearanee, and was named the "Indiana House." Eor many years it was kept by Robert N. Lawton, who previously had kept the American. His widow, Mrs. Susan A. Lawton, who greatlj- aided him in his hotel- keeping, continued to reside in Toledo and kept a boarding-house for vei'y many years. The i [818] HOTELS. SI!) openinn; of the Wabash Canal in 1843 and of Iho Miami two years later, gave the house special advantage. It constitutes a prominent feature in the view of Tolodt) in 184G, as given elsewhere. In 1848 tiie house was ke])t by Salter Cleveland, who died at Toledo in 1887. In 1847 L. T. Thayer fitted up a building (Northeast corner St. Clair and .ietVerson Streets), which he o])encd as Thayer's Ex- change, and which at once took jironiinent ]iositi(>n among the Hotels of the f'ity. After Mr. Thayer withdrew and took cliarge of the American, this )ilace took the name of Collins House, which it retained until burned about 1800. About 1847 tlic Ohio House was o|iened at 320 Summit Street (old number), by David .lohiison. In 1852 it was kept by II. D. & W. Kingsbury, the house then taking the name of the ]iroprietors. Sub.scquently the senior ]iart- ner assumed sole nianagenient, and continued as such for many vears. In bSno, the tirst Hotel South of Swan Creek was opened. It bore the name of Broadway Hotel, and was then ke])t by A. F. Hull. The opening of the Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland (now Lake Shore) Ifailroad in Jan- uary, 185;!, and the transfer of its dejiot from WaUn- Street to the Middle Ground, in 1855, were followed by the establishment of the Island House, at the latter j)lace. Its primary object was the provision of depot and hotel accommodations for passengers. It was ])laced in charge otEoswell P. Ainger, formei-l}' of the AuLiier House, Cleveland, who continued in charge until his death in December, 18U4. Ho was succeeded by H. B. Sherman, Teriy Brothers, and James Gerrans— the latter V)eiug in management when the hou.se was closed on the change of the dejjot in 1887. The construction of the Oliver House, which was commejiced in 1853, was tlie most imjior- tant advance in hotel accommodations that had then been made. The location was fixed by two considerations — its proximity to the TJail- road Depot on the Middle Ground, then con- templated, and the benefits the house was ex- pected to confer n]")on adjoining pro])erly. It is located on Broadway and on Charles and Ottawa Streets, presenting UiO feet on 15road- way and Charles, and 140 on Ottawa. It is of lour stories ; has 170 rooms. It was projected liy Siajor Wm. Oliver, whose name it took, Init who died befoi'e it was built. Its construction was commenced by James ('. Hall (son in-law of Maj. Oliver), and Wni. I!. Morris, the latter liaving died before its completion, which loolc place in June, 1859. On the 15tli of that month a meetiTig of citizens was held at the jiarlors of the House for the purpose of making arrange- ments for an entertainment commemorative of the opening of the establishment, when J. M. Ashley was called to the chair, and G. P. Esto appointed Secretary. Couimittces were ap- pointed for carrying out the purpose of the uieeting. The time a]ipointed for the opening of tho entertainment was June 2IMh, when a very large and fashionable assemblage convened, and the afl'air ))assed off with special success. The evening was spi'ut chiefly in dancing and social conversation, a supper being served at the )n-o])er hour. The lessee of the house was DeWitt C. Baker, with Geo. Colburn as his assistant. It was kejjt for sevei'al years by Col. John McKenster, who was succeera(ibiiiy. Again, in Se])tembci', ISoo, lhi.4 aDno3'aiu-e became so serious as to call I'or action by tli.c Council, and an ordinance was ]iassed which provided a penalty of §1.00 to $20.00 for any person who should "ask, solicit or engage any person to rejiair to any Hotel, Eating- House or Grog-Shop, or to take passage on anj'' Steamboat, Stage or Hailroad Car, Canal-Boat; or should by shouting, clamor, noise or impor- tunity, endeavor to attract attention of any person to anj' Steamboat, Canal- Boat, Railway Car, Hotel, Eating-House or Grog-Sho])." This annoyance, so serious in the days of Steamboat traveling, gradually passed awaj' with the advent of Railways, and now is scarcely' known in Toledo, though jet existing to some extent elsewhere. Arrivals at the Toledo Hotels were first pub- lished in the Blade of April 20, 1848, that being the fourth issue of the daily edition of that paper. The Hotels represented in the list were Thayer's Exchange, Lyman T. Thayer, Projirietor; and the Indiana House, James M. S])att'ord and Samuel Pond, Projirietors — the former reporting IS and tli-e latter 12 ari-ivals during the previous 24 hours. The next day ♦,he list was reinforced by the Ohio House, David Johnson, Proprietor, with 22 names. April 25th, appeared the Toledo House, W. Woodward, with 28 arrivals. These consti- tuted the Hotels of Toledo at that time. In October, 1800, the ])i'0|irictors of theprin- cipal Hotels of Toledo had published the follow- ing card, which explains itself: The undersigned, Hotel Keepers in tlie City of Toledo, for the purpose of creating harmony anirector of the Lucas County Infirmary, while most of his associate candidates were de- feated. He was re-elected in 1884, again run- ning largely ahead of the ticket, as he also was in 1887. Mr. Mack was married January II!, 1861, with Elizabeth Seltzer, who was born near Frankfort, tiermanj^ eomingtotheUnited States in 1858. They have two children — William F. and Anna M., both of Toledo. I APPENDIX 1 I I t APPENDIX. TOLEDO rOST, G. A. U. January 11, 1888, Toledo Post, No. 107, Grand Army of the Kopublic, was instituted by Comi'ado II. P. Lloyd of Cinfinnati. It was composed of 105 members, of whom 89 were from Forsyth Post, No. 15, and IG were new members of tlio order. The officers of the Post then were: LaFayctte Lyttlo, Post Conmiaiider. Albert Claypool, Senior Vice Commander. Kobert G. W. Foster, Junior Vice Commander. William Dustin, Adjutant. Henry G. Korton, Quartermaster. Dr. J. T. Woods, Surgeon. Lerov E. Clarke, Chaplain. Fred" J. Wolfert, Oflicer of the Day. William C. Mettler, Otiicer of the Guard. A. D. Stewart, Sergeant IMajor. Benjamin F. Griftin, Quartermaster Sergeant. Trustees — M. J. Enright, F.B. Shoemaker, Edwin Goldsmith. Committees. Relief— James Melvin. C. M. Mont- gomery, F. J. Wolfert. Employment — Wm. Corlett, J. C. Komeis, li. G. Bacon. Cemetery — R. G. W. I'^oster, L. E. Clarke, S.W. Cass. Applications— J. H. Ainsworth, J. A. Stijip, H. 1*. Fowler. Admission to Military Homes, Ac. — Edwin Goldsmith, Nat. Haughton, J. S. Kouutz. Chairman Committee on Social Sessions— P. H. Dowling. Ainsworth, J. 11., sergt., co. G, 12th Ind. V. I. Austin, I). R., 1st lieut., lOOtli 0. V. I. Alcorn, W. W., private, co. A, ]4tli O. V. I. Abbott, A\'illard, corporal, loth N. Y. V. I. Barkdull, \V. H.. musician, co. B. 170th O. V. I. Karkdull. T. H., private, co. B, 17(ith O. V. I. iSrown, Fjdward O., major, A. D. C. U. S. A. Bacon, R. G., l.st lieut., co. H, 38th U. S. C. I. Bell, John B., maj.audbvt. lieut.-col. 15th Mich.V.T. Bigelow, H. W., captain, co. H, Hth O. \'. f. Bunker, Henry S., commissary, With O. V. I. l?rown, Calvin S., private, co. G, Iowa V. C. Bowman. J. H., private, co. G, 4th U. S. I. Bliven, Charles E., brevet major U. S. V. Booth, U. D., private, co. H, :M O. V. C. Bodman, Lewis H., medical cadet, V. S. A. Clarke, W. J., paymaster steward, U. S. N. (;iarke, R. W., captain, co. C. 120th N. Y, V. I. Clark, L. E., private, co. I, Hth (). V. I. Clavpool, Albert, corporal co. B, i:!th O. V. C. Cass, Samuel W., corporal, bat. H, 1st (.). \'. L. A. Corlett, William, private, bat. H, 1st O. V. L. A. Collamore, G. A., surgeon, 100th (_). V. I. Doolittle, C. C, brig, and brevet maj.-gen'l U. S. V. Uowling, P. H., captain, co. C, 11 1th O. V. I. DeVilbiss, Allen, hosp. stew., co. A, 100th End. V. f. Dustin, William, l.st lieut., lOth bat. O. V. L. A. DeGrali; Ileurv, lieut., 7th Mich. V. C. Em-ight, M. J., 2d lieut., co. II, lllth O. Y. I. Faskiii, John E., lieut.-col. S7th and 130th O. V. I. Fuller, John W., brig, and brevet inaj.-gen'l U. S. V. 53 [S: Foster, R. G. W., private, co. B, !7th Me. V. I. Fowler, H. P., 2d lieut., co. E, Ist Mass. H. A. Frank, Simon H., 1st sergt, bat. G, 1st Mich. L. A. Flower, S. W., (piartermaster, 10th N. Y. V. H. A. Goldsmith, Edwin, adjt., lOOth Ind. \'. I. Gritfin, B. F., private, co. G, ]2.St.h (). \. I. Gosline, W. A., q. m. sergt., 10:!d O. V. I. (ioodnow, Edgar W., 1st lieut., co. F, -Ith Ma.ss. V.' C. Garver, Emil, sergt., co. F, Ittth 0. V. I. Goodwin, Edward M., captain, A. A. surg., TJ. S. N. Holloway, George, private, bat. H, 1st O. V. I,. A. Haughton, Nathaniel, lieut.-col., 2.5th O. V. L Harris, James, 1st lieut., bat. H, O. V. L. A. Hoerr, Louis, private, co. I, 9th O. V. I. Hamilton, J. IC, captain, co. B, 113th O. V. L Hull, Geo. B., 2d lieut., co. C, ISoth O. V. J. Hall, James M., private, co. G, 3d IT. S. I. Hartley, Geo. W., private, co. G, 7th Mich S. S. Hussey, Cyrus, lieut.-col., 192d O. V. I. House, N. \V., 2d lieut., co. K, 1st Mich. V. I. Jones, Chas. H., private, co. A, Hth O. V. I. Ivumler, John F.. 1st sergt., co. A, «3d O. V. I. Knights, James D., sergt., co. E, lOOth O. V. I. ICountz, John S., drummer, co. G, 37th O. V. I. Kellogg, J. T., 1st lieut., co. H, 138th Ind. V. I. Lyttle, LaFayette, captain and bvt. major, 35th and 94th N. Y. V. I. Lindsay, Gary D., 1st lieut, 67th 0. V. L La.salle, J., captain, co. C, 82d III. V. I. Lee, John C, colonel, 55th and ]G4th O. V. I. Montgomery, C. M., private, bat I, Hth N. Y.V. II. A. Merrell, John H., sergt., bat H, 1st O. V. L. A. Motter, Louis, sergt., co. E, 3d O. V. C. Mettler, Wm. C, private, co. H, 101st O. V. I. Melvin, James, 1st sergt., co. C, 33d Mass. V. I. McLyman, Wm. H., captain, U. S. V. McKecknie, W. E., 2d lieut. lf)7th O. V. I. Millard, I. I., private, co. I, 15th O. V. I. Martin, Predom, corporal, 130th 0. V. I. Norton, H. G., 1st lieut. and adjt. 137th U. 8. C. T. Puck, John IL, private, co. C, 37tli (). V. I. Parsons, John E., colonel, 187th Pa. Y. I. Pierce, H. L., private, 7th Vt. V. I. Potter, E. D., Jr., private, co. A, 84th O. V. I. I'ugslev, Isaac P., A. A. Pavma-ster, U. S. N. Peck, "O. L., 2d lieut, co. B, 101st O. V. I. Parmeloe, Myron H., drummer, co. A, 1.30th O. V. I. (iuiggle, R. C, private, co. H, i:'.Oth O. V. L Romeis, John C, private, co. C, 5th (). \'. 1. Root, E. I., corporal, co. I, 4th O. V. I. Stewart, A. I)., sergt, co. G, O. V. I. Shaw, Daniel C., private, co. I, 13th III. V. I. Stipp, J. A., private, co. I, 8th O. V. C. Spain, .James IL, sergt, co. H, ItUth N. Y. V. I. Shoemaker, F. B., 2d lieut., co. C, 1.30th O. V. I. Sawtelle, W. IL, private, co. B, 18th hid. Bat Smith, W. H. H., 1st lieut, 21.st bat G. V. L. A. Schooley, E. W., corporal, co. A, osth O. V. I. Sheldon, D. D., 1st sergt, co. I, 192d N. Y. V. I. Thomas, Geo. W., 1st lieut., bat. I, .3d N. V. V. L. A. Thorn, .Samuel S., surgeon. 130th t>. V. I. Terry, T. B., sergt , co. B, 3d O. V. C. Thomas, John IL, private, co. F, 20()th Pa. Res. inirich, Adam, sergt, co. E, lllth (). V. 1. Wolcott. J. L.. 2(1 lieut, (i7th (). V. 1. Wain, M. C, 2d lieut, co. C, 2lilh I'a. V. 1 .25] 826 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Waring, S. H., corporal, co. E, S4th O. V. I. Woods, J. T., surgeon, OOtli O. V. I. Woolson, A. M., sergt.-niaj., 1st 0. V. H. A. Wolfert, 1". J., private, co. V, 55th O. V. I. Watson. I'liny, 1st I lent., co. K, 55th O. V. T. Waite, Kiclianl, captain, co. A, ir.Oth O. V. I. Waite, Norman, major, IWUli (). V. I. Wilcox. M. ]., quartcrinaster, 130th O. V. T. Wooil, Harrison, 1st licnt., co. A, 14th 0. V. I. Whittlesey, K. D., Lstlieut., b.it. G. IstO. V. L. A. Young. Chas. h., bvt. lieut.-col. VOtli N. Y. Y. I. and Yol. Cien. Staflf. Young, Horatio S., sergt., co. C, 130th 0. V. I. ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. A 33i-anch of the Society of the Army of the Potomac was organized in Toledo, May 5,1885. The objects are ^o chcrisli the memories and associations of that Army ; to strengthen the ties of fraternal fellowship and sympathy formed from companionship therein; to ])er- petnate the name and fame of those who have tixllen, cither on the field of battle or in any line of duty with it; to collect and preserve the record of its great achievements, its numerous and well contested battles, its campaigns, marches and skirmislics; and as an incentive to the organization of such Branch Societies throughout the West. A constitution and by- laws were adopted, and the following officers were elected to serve for one year, 1885-8G : President, General Nat. Haughtou ; Vice Pres- ident, Surgeon S. F. Forbes; Secretarj-, Lieut. C. D. Lindsay ; Treasurer, Wm. Corlett. Several interesting meetings were held during the year, and a committee w^as appointed to pi-ocure a tablet for Memorial Hall, to com- raemorato the gallant dead of the Army of the Potomac. The officers elected for the jeav 1880-87 were as follows : President, General C. C. Doolittle ; Vice President, General C. L. Young ; Secre- tarj-, Lieutenant C. 1). Lindsay ; Treasurer, Wm. Corlett. The officers elected for the j-ear 1887-88 are : President, General C. L. Young ; Vice Presi- dent, Dr. Albert Claypool ; Secretary, Lieuten- ant C. D. Lindsay; Treasurer, C. M. Mont- gomery. MEMBERS OP SOCIETY. Andrews, N. J., 4th N. Y. Art. Bailev, B. C, 94th N. Y'. V. I. Brown, J. W., lG4th O. V. I. Brown, H. A., 10th Mass. V. I. Brown, E. O., U. S. A. Boweu, G. W., IGth Mich. Y. I. Bacon, R. G., 148th N. Y. Y. I. and f-Sth V. S. C. T. Bishop, W. H., 1st Conn. Cav. Bartow, James R., 15th N. Y. Cav. Booth, John G., 34th N. Y'. V. I. Beeley, Joseph L., 07th 0. V. I. Baker, H. L., 94th N. Y. X. I. Cheney, W. C, 130th O. V. I. Corlett, William, Bat. H, 1st O. V. L. A. Conger, Charles H., 25th O. V. I. Cool, George E., 34th N. Y'. V. I. Chamberlain, D. P., Surgeon 4th Mich. V. I. Claypool, Albert, 13th O. V. C. Caughlin, Charles. 49th Pa. Y. I. Clarke. Richard VV., 72d and 120th N. Y. V. I. Cherrv, Charles W., 130tli O. V. I. Cliristie, II. C, .58th Pa. V. I. Collins, T. J., 5th O. Y. C. Clooper, George I., Bat. II, 1st O. V. A. Cranker, Peter, ()7th O. Y. Y. I. Comly, James M., 2.3d O. Y. I. Clarke, W. R., Bat. II, 1st O. V. L. A. Chance, Jesse C, 2.5th O. V. I. an7th (>. V. V. I. ThornburK,T. II., Stli O. V. I. Triquart, Peter, iVith O. V. V. I. Thomas, CioorRe W., Bat. I. IJ.l .V. Y. .\. Worts, J. J., L'otli (). V. V. I. Welier, Alex., OTth (). V. V. I. Worts, George, f.Ttli O. V. I. WoniUnirv, A., CTtli (). V. V. I. Wolfert, t. J., r,.-,th (). V. I. Wilson, It. F., IDth Pa. Koserves. Wliitn.v, Henry M.. U. S. Cav. While, ,)olin G., l.>>th N. Y. V. I. Young, Charles L., TOtli N. Y. V. ami (ien. Stall. EIGHTEENTH UNITED STATES INFANTRY. The following named moml)crf9 of thi.s com- mand wore from Toledo : Frank T. Bennett— Quartermaster Sergeant, Sec- ond Lieutenant, Eirst Lieutenant, Captain ; now Major Seeond United States Cavalry. Fred. H. Brown (son of JMatthew Brown) — First Lieutenant and (Quartermaster. Killed by Indians at Fort Phil Kearney mas.sacre, l.SllG. Isaac D'Isay — First Lieutenant ; mustered out, 18GI). James T>ouden — Sergeant Company G, Third Bat- talion ; killed at battle of Chiekaniauga. Wm. H. Moore — Sergeant Company D, First Bat- talion. Now Druggist at Milburn Wagon Works, Toledo. Homer Sawyer— Sergeant Company D, First Bat- talion ; lost arm in front of Atlanta. James Clark— Corporal Company G, First Bat- talion. Frank H. Venia — Corporal Company G, Second Battalion ; wounded at Utoy Creek ; prisoner at An- dersonville. Lucien Brown — Private Companj' D, Second Bat- talion ; wounded at Chickamauga ; ])risoner at An- dersonville. Walter Clum — Private Company H, First Bat- t.alion ; killed at Pittsburg Landing. William LI. Hoag — Private Company G, Second Battalion. Charles Jennings— Private Company D, First Bat- talion. Edward Lacy— Private Company H, Third Bat- talion ; killed at Chickamauga. James Jlills — Private Company H, Third Battal- ion ; died at Murfreesboro, Tennessee. Charles K. Mitchell— Private Company H, Third Battalion ; lost an arm at battle of Utoy Creek. Daniel Norris — Private Company H, Third Bat- talion ; died at Nashville, Tennessee. Joseph Parker — Private Company D, First Bat- talion. Horace Sawyer — Private Company H, First Bat- talion ; wounded at Chickamauga. John Ten Eyck — Private Company D, First Bat- talion. Lewis Ten Eyck — Private Company D, Second Battalion ; wounded at Jonesboro, Georgia. Amos Twining— Private Company D, Second Bat- talion ; prisoner at Andersonville. Wm. Westcott— Private Company D, First Bat- talion. SONS OF VETERANS. This organization, as its title indicates, con- sists of sons of Soldiers 'who served in tlio Union Army during the War of the liehellion. Two Camps have been instituted in Toledo. Mark E. Sibi.ky Camp, No. 1, was mustered August 15, 1882, at the office of Cajilain H. F. Miller, li}- Charles W. Goranflo, from Allen- town, Pennsylvania. The charter mi'nibers were: C. W. Goran tlo, C. S. Higelow, L. A. Alcxandei-, Harry H. Haeon, 11. S. Uowling, John S. Ci'oss, James A. Ijivermore, V]. T. Wal- ter, Geoi'ge C. Cramer, R. Mcl'llrii\', (icorge L. Thorne, James H. Sherwood, lleuben Bigelow, Frank S. Plummer, Frank T. Baldwin. The Camp was named after a son of Mrs. Ivnth Siblej-, of Toledo, who was a member of Battery H, First Ohio Light Artillery. The officers of the Camp for 1887, were as follows : Caiitaiii, J. A. Livermore ; First Lieutenant, S. 11. Hansen; Second Lieutenant, Charles Sclicl- ling; C)rderly Sergeant, L. J. Cook. Ellsworth Camp, No. 2, was mustered at Grand Army Hall, East Toledo, November 1, 1882, by Charles W. Gorantlo, assisted by mem- bers of Mark E. Sibley Cam]), No. 1. The fol- lowing were the charter members : W. H. Gra- ham, E. A. Graham, R. F. Danzy, C. Munger, Orlin L. Boice, Frank Munger, Harry Squire, Orrin McDougal, A. Grant, Wm. Soudcrt, Wm. Barringer, George Edgar, L. J. Gage, G. W. Marshall, II. Brown, F. Gage and Harvey Harris. Officers of Ellsworth Camp, No. 2, for 1887, wei'o as follows: Captain, Orrin McDougal; First Lieutenant, Thomas Keid ; Second Lieu- tenant, Clarence DowcU ; Q. M. S., Fred. Kratt ; Orderly Sergeant, Wm. Barringer; Chaplain, J. B. Allen ; Sergeant Guard, Fred. Eiddell ; Corporal Guard, Wm. White ; Color Sergeant, I. N. Gardner; Inside Picket, Charles Sutton; Outside Picket, Jacob Langendorf. When these Camps were organized, there were two branches of the order of Sons of Vet- erans iuOhio; but in 1885 these were consoli- dated, and Mark E. Sibley Camp, No. 1, be- came Mark E. Sibley Camp, No. 18 ; and Ells- worth Camp, No. 2, became Ellsworth Camp, No. 02. Both are now in a fli)urislung condi- tion. OHIO NATIONAL GUARD. STATE OFFICERS. Charles L. Y'oung, Brig.-General, Qu.artermaster- General and Commissary-General of Subsistence, January 1-t. 1878, for two years. Henry G. Neubert, Colonel, and Chief of Engi- neers, 1877. SIXTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. This command was organized, under the laws of Ohio, in October, 1877, with heaihiuar- ters at Toledo. ROSTER OF FIELD AND STAFF. Coloneh. — Henry G. Neubert, November 1, 1877. to March 31, 1881; Jona. D. Norton, May lit, ISSl, to June, 1887 ; Charles M. Keyes, June 8, 1887. Lieutenant Colonels. — Jona. D. Norton, November 1, 1877, to May lii, l,s8I ; John G. Avery, May 19, 828 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. 1881, to June IS, 1885; Cliailcs M. Keyes, July 13, 1885, to June S, 1887 ; Heury S. Bunker, June20, 1887. Majors— 3ohn J. Woorman, November 1, 1877, to February 17, 18S0 ; John G. Averv, July 7, 1880, to May 19, 1881; II. S. Bunker, May 19, 1881, to June 29, 1887; M. B. Lemmon, Junior Major, September 7, 188G. Adjutants. — David S. Monsarrat, November 17, 1877 to Mav 19, 187S ; H. S. Bunker, May 10, 1878, to May 19, 1881 ; W. AV. Alcorn July 4, 1S81, to January 7, 188G; Isaac T. Merrill, February II, ISSIi. Surgeons.— Joseph T. Woods, November 17, 1877. Assistants— J. IM. Shoemaker, November 17, 1877, to March 17, 1880; Wm. Graefe, July 7, 1880, to August 15, 1882 ; Arthur L. Osborn, August 18, 1882. Chaplains. — Robert Mr Cune, November 17,1877, to October 24, 1881 ; Edward Anderson, November 1, 1881, to November 24, 1884; Patrick S. Slevin, July 2S, 1885. TOLEDO COMPANIES. Company A. — Walbridge Light Guards. Organ- ized November 1, 1872. Assigned to Kegiment in October, 1S77. Captains — A. Romeyn Rogers, November 1, 1872, to October 14, 1874 ; Jerome 15. Thomas, October 27, 1874, to December 29, 187t) ; Henry A. Brown, De- cember 29, 1S76, to June 7, 1879; J. G. Averv, June aO, 1879, to July 7, ISSO; Jacob Mc. Weier, July 21, 1880. Company C— Toledo Grays. Organized March 15, 1876. Assigned to Regiment October, 1877. Captains— J. E. Kentigh, March 22, 1877, to March 9, 1878; F. N. Marvin, March 26, 1878, to January 15, 1879; Robinson Locke, March 1, 1879, to July 19, 1882; J. R. Wade, August 18, 1882, to Mav 20, 1884; J. B. Atkinson, June 9, 1884, to July 28. 1885; P. S. Donnelly, August 12, 1885, to January 5, 1886; J. R. Wade, February 15. 1886. Company H. — Milburn Guards. Captains — James K. IMilburn, August 17, 1877, to July 16, ISSS ; Burton Varney, July 30, 1878, to Au- gust 27, 1879 ; W. H. Moore, September 8, 1879, to , October 21, 1884 ; A. R. Rogers, October 21, 1884. The above mentioned Companies are made up of men of exceptionally good standing, who liave assumed the positions they hold with the paramount purpose of thereby so placing and qualifying themselves as to be useful to their tellow-citizens in any emergency — whether for National or local defense. BATTERY TJ, FIRST REGIMENT ARTILLERY. Tiiis command is one of the oldest now in the State service, having been organized in 1867. It had its inception in the order of the State Adjutant General, luider which the mem- bers of Eattery II, First Ohio Volunteer Light Artillery (serving in the Union Army), were authorized to organize what was designated as First Oiiio Inde])endent Battery, wliioh con- tained many cx-Soldiors of the Union Army during the Eebellion. At the outset, II. A. Perigo was elected First Lieutenant, and Ciai-- ence Morris Second Lieutenant. The Battery then had two brass six-pounder Napoleons. In 1877, the organization was increased in standard to that of a four-gun Batter^', with the following named officers: O.J.Hopkins, Cajitain; James F. Bailie, First Lieutenant; Sidney "VV. Jay, Second Lieutenant ; T. J. Cro- nise, Assistant Surgeon. In 1878, the Battery was advanced to a full six-gun organization, with four six-pounders, and two twelve-pounders, brass jiieces, when two Lieutenants were added, and E. H. Losee and Wm. II. McLain chosen as such officers. In 1882, by rec^uest of its officers, the Battery was reduced to the four-gun basis. Lieutenants Losee and McLain retiring. The Battery is fully equijjped for whatever service it may be called to perform. During the riotous demonstrations of 1877, it was on duty several daj's, and contributed materially in adverting threatened violence toward life and property. It was also serviceable in like manner in connection with the disturbances at the Paulding Reservoir in May, 1887. The roster of the Battery's officers, at this time (1887), is as follows: Captain — Owen J. Ho^jkius ; First Lieutenant, Louis Kimmerlin ; Second Lieutenant, Furman Upham ; Junior Second Lieutenant, George V. Eoulet. WOMAN'S RELIEF CORPS. Nation.^:, Officers, 1887-1888. — Cora Day Young, Toledo, National Senior Vice President. Kate Brownlee Sherwood, Toledo, National Coun- selor. Department of Ohio, W. R. C. — Cora Day Young, Toledo, Chairman Department Executive Board. Officeks Forsyth Relief Corps, No. 1, W. R. C, G. A. R., 1888.— President, Emma J. Goldsmith ; Se- nior Vice President, Adelia A. Edson ; Junior Vice President, Mary E. Nicholas; Treasurer, Mary J. Kelsey ; Secretary, Jennie R. Griffin ; Chaplain, Mary A. Bills; Conductor, Anna E. Pennell ; Guard, Kate Raynor. FLAGS AND BANNERS. A large number of flags and banners carried by Ohio troops in the War of the Rebellion were deposited in what is known as the Flag lioom, in the State Cajtitol, at Columbus. Among these were the following from the commands named: Command. Flags. Banners. Markers. 14th O.V.I 2 1 25thO. V. I 2 2 27thO. V. I 2 37thO. V. I 1 47thO. V. I 2 1 84thO. V. I 1 lOOthO. V. I 1 1 111th O.V.I 1 1 ]82d O. V. I 1 1 189thO. V. I 1 1 Battery H, 1st L. A — 1 Company C, 3d Cavalry .- -- 1 EXPRESSES. Wm. F. Ilarnden is the recognized pioneer Expressman of the United States. He started his messengers between Boston and New' York ill 1839. For some time, that was the only route occuined by such means of communica- tion. Mr. Harnden soon extended his opera- tions by the Hudson River to Albany, witii APPEXDJX. 829 Ilcniy Wflls as Albuny Agont. Early in 1841 (Joori^c K. roinordy, tlu'ii at Albany, planned fill- startinrr tlic tii'.st Kx]iress lino lietwcon that C'itj- and Biittalo, and June 1st of that year, he left Albany as the pioneer Messcntfcr of what came to be known as " Pomeroy s Ex]ircss." The trips, at first, wci-e made weekly, the facil- ities c'onsistini!; of liaihvay travel to Batavia, and of stage thenoc to Buffalo ; his parcels be- ing convej-cd in a carpet-bag and small trunk. The time tor the round trip was 84 hours. For some time, the Bankers of Albany and Buffalo had employed semi-monthly messengers, and at first were slow to surrender their large in- terests to the han., was elected. The next j-ear a house of worshii) was erected on the corner of Harrison and Oliver Streets, and wai dedicated January 6, 1884. In September, 1887, Rev. Dr. Ilarkcy resigned as Pastor on account of ill health, when Rev. James F. Beates was elected. In January, 1888, the society- was reorganized as The St. Stephen's Evangelical Lutheran Church of Toledo. It now lias 96 members, with a Sabbath-school numbering 113. The present olficers are as follows : Deacons, H. A. Sehling- man, W. J. Kinker, M. B. Calhoun and J. M. Krumm ; Trustees, C. M. Anderson, W. J. Kinker, M. B. Calhoun, J. J. Lloyd and J. M. Krumm. APPENDIX. S31 TOLEDO INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL. Ill Toledo, as olscwliere, it was early foiiiul, that with most ample and coniploto educational facilities, there were many children, who, from different causes, were unable to avail them- selves of such advantages. These were of ]>arents who, from extreme poverty or indif- ference to the matter, failed to send their children to the Public Schools. Many such were required as assistants in domestic labors to such extent as to prevent attendance on public instruction with re([uisite regularity; while in other cases the necessary books or clothing could not be had. In 1875, this condition of things had become so serious as to force itself upon the minds of many ladies of the Citj-. Mrs. Frederick Prentice was specially impressed by the matter, and sat about meeting the demand in the case. She was promptly met with the ready co- operation of several ladies who fully sympa- thized with her, and the result was the organi- zation in October, 1875, of the Toledo Industrial School. The plan consisted, in brief, of fur- nishing to children such as named, free edu- cation, together with instruction in domestic industry, including house-work, plain sewing, etc., together with a good dinner each day. A Kitchen Garden has been for several years in successful operation under the personal superin- tendence of Misses Pamela Berdan and Dollie Waito, in which the girls of the School are taught household work. Beside such attention to the children, the families to which they belong are visited from time to time, by ladies connected with the Sehool, for the purpose of learning of their con- ditions and wants, and securing from parents such coojieration as maj' be practicable. Through the agency of the Officers of this School, homes have been found for many girls, and some 20 incorrigible girls taken to the State Girls' School, at Delaware. The School is supported by voluntary con- tributions from friends, including annual col- lections at different Cit}' Churches. The School is located on Ontario Street, near Orange. In Ma}', 1888, about 100 names were enrolled on the register of the School, with an average daily attendance of 35. The Matron at that time was Mrs. N. M. Landis, and the Teacher Miss Lillio Moonfiy. The officers then were : President, Mrs. A. M. C. Barnes. Vice President, Mrs. Charles Cochran. Secretary. Mrs. James Secor. Trea.suror, Mrs. J. N. Stevens. Managers — Mesdames Wra. A. Peach, (i. R. Haynes, P. F. Berdan, Thomas Daniels, S. H. Ber- gen. M. Brigham, AVm. Walcott. John T. Newton, Denison Steele, Warren Colburn, Wni. B. Taylor, C. Parsons, S. B. Wood, D. B. Smith, H. E. Marvin, George Emerson, E. D. Potter, Sen., Frank Trow- bridge, L. H. Bodman, Henry Turbush, H. B. Po.me- roy, Geo. B. Brown, AVm. J. Walding, T. W. Childs and Miss iNL C. Dickinson. Advisory Board — Messrs. Geo. R. Ilaynes, S. H. Keeler, J. C. Price, James Secor, J. K. Secor, A. L. Backus, J. R. Oshorn, R. D. Flinn, G. W. Davis. J. N. Drummond, S. M. Young. ST. JOHN'S ORPHAN ASYLUM. August 6, 1860, was instituted an Orphans' Asylum, under the auspices of the (rcrman Lutheran Church. It was located on the North side of Seaman Street, one and one-half miles East of Cherry Street bridge, Toledo. It com- prises 41 acres of land, and furnishes accommo- dations for 40 children. The ftr.st Superinten- dent was Reverend John Doertler, who was succeeded October 1, 18G0, by lleverend Charles Beckel, Pastor of St. John's Lutheran Church, who j'et is in charge. THE RETREAT MISSION. In June, 1883, steps were taken under the auspices of the Women's Christian Temperance Union, looking to the reform of fallen girlsand the promotion of moral purity, by offering a temporary home to friendless girls who might wisli to lead a virtuous and honorable life, and procuring employment for such when they should leave, whereby they might earn an hon- est living. The result of such movement was the organization of the Retreat Mission of To- ledo. It was first opened in a small house on Broadway ; but laclc of requisite accommoda- tions soon made a change of location necessary, when the Mission was removed to 274 Indiana Avenue. For two j-cars it was sujiported wholly by voluntary contriljutions. At the end of that period, the Retreat was incor- porated, and the City Council, appreciating the merit and importance of the work, set apart three acres of ground as a site for permanent quarters — to be furnished. For current ex- penses, certain Police Court tines were appro- priated, to which were subsequently add(;d like fines assessed in the Court of Common Pleas. Of 80 inmates, there has been but one death of an adult ; and but four of 50 infants. The establishment has a Matron, whoso fidelity to her delicate charge is highly appreciated by managers and inmates alike. Many girls have gone from the Mission, who are now fill- ing places of trust and leading virtuous lives. It is hoped that ere long more adei|uale, as well as more permanent quarters, will bo secured. The officers of the Mission for 1888, arc: President, Mrs. Anna B. Potter; Treasurer, Mrs. Vincent Hamilton ; Secretary, Mrs. M. E. Hiett. Advisory Board — David Eobison, Jr., O. S. Bond, J. D. Ford. The Mission is under the Medical care of the Board of Physicians of the Medical College of Northwestern Ohio. 832 UISTOUY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. HOME FOK THE AGED. •Tunc S, 1885, was organized a benevolent in- pfitution, under the care of the Little Sisters of the Poor. It is located at the corner of Front and riatt Streets, East Toledo. Sister Louisa of St. Ambrose is the Superior, and has charge of the Home. At this time {Uay, 1888) it eon- tains 28 aged persons— male and female. Si.K other Sisters are connected with the establish- ment. It is supported b}- voluntary contribu- tions, and is open to the needy, without regard to creed or race. It is expected that new and more adequate quarters will be provided during the current j'ear. PROTESTANT ORPHANS' HOME. On the 11th Januaiy, 18G7, a meeting of ladies of Toledo was held at the residence of Dr. S. H. Bergen, the object being to consider the propriety of establishing a Home for the benefit of destitute orphan children of Toledo. It having been resolved to enter upon such work, 14 ladies were selected as Managers, and eight gentlemen as Advisors. The ladies were ^Mesdames M. P. Ewing, M. D. Carrington, S. H. Camp, E. B. Atherton, T. H. Iloag, Thos. Hamilton, Robert Cummings, Geo. Baker, H. L. Phelps, Vincent Hamilton and Almon Hoj>- kins ; and Miss Cannie Mott and Miss Louise Kuper. The Advisors were M. R. Waite. H. S. Walbridge, Wm. Baker, W. C. Earl, S. H. Ber- gen, D. i). Mather, Matthew Brown antl Wm. (Juramings. A committee of Ladies was ap- pointed to solicit annual or life memberships, or other donations of money. At a subsequent meeting the following ofticers were elected from the Ladies chosen as Managers: Mrs. M. P. Ewing, President; Mrs. M. D. Carrington, Vice President; Mrs. E. B. Atherton, Secretary; and Mrs. S H. Camp, Treasurer. The Home was opened April 22, 18G7, in quarters gratuitously provided by Wm. Baker, where it remained until November following, when it was removed to the location on La- grangB Street, which it j'et occupies, and where large numbers of " orphans, half-oi'phans and destitute children " have been cared for and educated for life's work. While the institution has been designated the " Protestant Orphans' Home," it has ever been conducted in an un- sectarian spirit, all creeds and nationalities being welcomed. White or colored children are equally provided for. Among the officers of the Home have been the following : President— Mrs. M. P. Ewing, 1S67-69; Mrs. M. D. Carrington, 1869-86 ; Miss Molt, 1887-88. Vice President — Mrs. Carrington, 1867-69; Mrs. T. H. Hoag, 1869-71 ; Mrs. Geo. E. Ponieroy, 1871-72 ; Mrs. J. B. Carson, 1872-74 ; Mrs. Wm. Baker, 1874-82 ; Mrs. C. A. King, 1882-88. Secretary— Mrs. E. B. Atherton, 1807-71 ; Mi.ss Lucy Brown, 1871-72; Miss .1. J. Barker, 1872-74; Miss Mott, 1874-87; Mrs, W. H, H. Suiitli, 1887-88, Treasurer— Mrs. S. H. Camp, 1867-71 ; Miss Mott, 1871-72; Mrs. C. K. Mcssingcr, 1S72-.SS. Matrons— Miss Kate E. Young, Mi.ss J. K. McMil- lan, Miss J. A. MeConncH, Mrs. E. B. Wright, and Jlrs. Susan F. Bangs. The Board of Managers for 1887-88 were as follows : Mesdames C. R. ^Icssinger, J. K. Secor, J. M. Gloyd, C. A. King, W. II. 11. Smith. L. S. Bauni- garduer, Harvey P. Piatt, Henry S. VVaite, J. W. Cum- mings, T. C. Rowland, Rathljun Fuller, Barton Sniitli, W. C. Chapman, Jethro Mitchell, F. B. Shoemaker, J. H. Bowman, and Misses Anna C. Mott and Pamela Berdan. Advisory Board — William Baker, H. S. Walbridge, Ricliard Mott, Calvin Bronson, Fred. Eaton, C. H. Buck. Peter F. Berdan, Charles R. Messinger, Charles A. King, W. S. Brainard, W. W. Williams, John J. Barker, J. K. Secor, W. T. Carrington. STREET IMPROVEMENTS. The topography of the site of Toledo was not favorable to ready and economical drainage and improvement of its Streets. The elevated hog's-back or ridge extending along the River from Cherry Street to Monroe, constituted a serious obstacle to the improvement of cross Streets, while making that of Summit specially expensive for much of the distance stated. In the first place, the bluff overlooking the River, made necessary tlie immediate construc- tion of a new Street along that stream, as the only means for making the same available for commerce, beyond a small point at the mouth of Swan Creek, where the old warehouse was built about 1817. The first step in Street improvement con- sisted in the grading of Summit from Perry East to about Jefferson. This work was ex- tended in subsequent j'ears, as far as was deemed necessary. In 1840, as elsewhere stated, a sidewalk would have been constructed on Monroe Street, had the state of the City finances been such as to warrant the undertaking. The first action for the provision of sidewalks, consisted of an ordinance passed February 27, 1841, which fixed the width of such improve- ments as follows: On Streets six rods wide, It) feet in width ; on Streets five rods wide, 14 feet in width ; and on Streets four rods in width, 12 feet wide. The first sidewalks built in Vistula Division, were provided for by an ordinance passed May 7, 1844. One was on the Easterly side of Cherry from Summit to Erie Street, 4 feet wide ; and from Erie street to the Canal bridge, 3 feet wide. Walks were also provided for on Erie, Walnut, Locust, Lagrange and Huron — all to be of pine plank and scantling, the former to be 2 inches thick. In February, 1844, the Toledo City Council directed the following improvements to be made: Filling in with earth and grading Water Street from Adams to Monroe Street; APPENDIX. S33 for grading Summit Street from Adams to Monroe ; for grading Adams, Madison and Jef- ferson Streets from their intersection with Water Street to Summit; for graiiing Jett'erson and Madison from Summit in a Xorlliwesterly direetiou; for grading Clierry, Loeust, Walnut and Elm Streets. Also, for Sidewalks, as fol- lows: On the Easterly side of Cherrj' Street from Summit to the Canal bridge; on the Easterly side of Walnut, from Summit to Huron; on Easterlj' side of Locust, from Sum- mit to Michigan ; on Easterly side of Lagrange, from Summit to lot 848, Vistula Division; on AVesterly side of Elm, from Summit to Erie; on Northerly side of Huron, from Chei'ry to lot 582, Vistula. The material for these walks was to lie oak, jiinc or hemlock ])lanks, 2 inches thick, with cross-walks of timber and o lect wide. Maj' 8, 1844, sidewalks \Tere provided for in Port Lawrence JJivision, on Perrj', St. Clair, Washington, Monroe, and Jefferson Streets; to be 4 feet wide and of pine plank 2 inelies thick. November 7, 1846, the City Council, bj- ordi- nance, provided for planking Summit Street from the track of the Erie and Kalamazoo Uailroad at Perrj' Street, to a point 80 feet be- yond Monroe Street; the materials to be pine ])lanks 3 inclies thick, laid on white oak sills, 0x8 inches ; and the same to be done by or at the expense of the owners of the adjoining jiropertj'. This action not being effective, the Council in April, 1847, again took up the matter, and provided that Summit Street North of the Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad, from Perry to Chestnut vStreet, should be arched, ditched and leveled ; and that portion between Perry and Jefferson Streets should be planked and timbered tlie entire width between gutters, the plank to be pine, 3 inches thick and laid transversely on white oak or black walnut sills 6 inches square. From Jefferson to Cher- ry Street the planking was to be 1(3 feet wide in the center of the Street; and from Cherry to Chestnut Street, 24 feet in the center. Cross- walks were provided fur at the several Streets crossing Summit. The second Street improved was Monroe, under an ordinance passed June 1, 1847. The improvement consisted of grading, arching and ditching that Street from Summit to the Canal. This work was delayed for some .years, requir ing repeated action by the Council. In April, 1848, David Crane, Street Com- missioner, solicited proposals for the construc- tion of sidewalks and crosswalks, where tionc had theretofore existed, as follows: Northerly- side of Adams Street, from Summit to Water; Southerly side of Monroe, from St. Clair to "Northwest corner of brick block on lot No. 2, Port Lawrence, known as Daniels A Goettell's block; " Southerlj' side of Jett'erson, from Summit to St. Clair; on tho J^orthcrly side of Adams, from Summit to St. Clair; Westerly side of Cherry, from Krie to Summit ; and on Southerly side of Superior, from liocust to center of lot 397, Vistula. Also, crosswalk on Adams, in (I'ont of the Engine-house, 8 feet wide; and so much of the Sidewalk as re- mained unfinished on Northerly side of Sum- mit, between Mulberr}- Street and lot 300, A'is- tula. June 21, 1851, ]irovision was made for plank- ing Summit Street from Jefferson to Adams the entire width, and from Adams to Cherry 24 feet wide. Septemlier 17, 1851, the plank- ing between Madison and Cherry' was indefi- nitely postponed. What was the condition of the Streets of To- ledo, asthe result of the " improvements " made in them to that time, is indicated by a ])oetieal contrilmtion to the Blade, in December, 1852. It is as follows : SUMMIT STREHT. O'er Summit Strpet where'er I t-apt my eyes. What curinus thonshts alonp my ileuses ('reci>. Napoleon crossed the Alps. His high emprise Won liim a deathless name ; but not a steep Of all the peaks he crossed, so hard to ris-^ As Summit Street, beneath whose lo\ve.st deep There is a depth no mortal ever scanned. A gloomy deep of mud, devoid of sand ; — A depth eternal, gloomy, dark, profound. Swimming witli plank loose on its surface cast : Bordered with side-walks on the slippery ground, Beneath o'erhan^ring banks, both huge and vast. With gullies traversed and thin herbage crowned : AVith crossings poorly laid in mud so fast. That to Passover, one must careful go. And pick his slippery way on high tip-toe. Pedestrians along this treacherous plank. Meet with disjisters of no common kind. Men low of birth, and even men of rank- Women and girls, anri ladies most retined, Into thi- yii'ldim,' real estate have sank, And slipped and fell, before, and, aye, behind ; And risen dripping \\ith tlie moistened clay. To hasten homeward in the broad mid-day. I saw a man— a gentleman, of course— Essav the crossing where the School-House stands,^-' Whenmid-seas o'er, he fell with all his force. Plunged to his elbows in the mud his hands ; Then rose to his knees, and swore till he was hoarse. That he would seek a home in other lands. In climes and Towns beyond the Ocean's flooil. Where were m(jre stone pavements and less mud. I saw a ladv— she is nameless here- .Slip from' the walk, near Granger's Clothing Store, t Sinking, she cried; a person happ'ning near, Seized her fair hand and lifted her ashore. Witti spiteful gesture, she exclaimed, " Oh, dear 1 I never will wear rubbers any more : So treacherous are they to my clnmsy feet : Some day 1 shall be drowned on Summit StrcBt." I saw a horse— a man sat on his back- He was a noble animal to view : (The horse, I mean;. He took the right-hand track, .\nd tried with moderate speed to worry through From Kingsbury'st np to Monroe Street. Alack I He broke so often, that he lost a shoe ; Then stumbling, threw his rider o'er his head. The people picked that rider up " lor dead." I -saw a btiggv- lady, lord and child Sat 'ueath its top— the horse moved slow— The man was talking to his wife— he smileil. And she responded in a voice so low I could not hear it ; but in accenl.s wild. At top of lungs, the man cried out, " A-whoa ! " Which stopped the horse; and, tell the cause I must, A forward tire from oll'the wheel had " bust." I saw two Cents, and Ladies passing down From Cherry (V)rner, Arm-in-arm they walk'tl. To .see, as 1 suppose, tlie " Lower Town ;" Aud fts they went, all lovingly they talk'd. 834 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. One of the fients. tell back, ami hit his erown A fearful blow. Thus was their purpose haulked. The I.adv likewise slipped ; but, falling, sought To save herself, and th'other Gent, her caught. Palirs CoMcripti ! Take this case, I pray, Backed by disaster of suih fearful kind ; Revolve itsmerits, as they day by day Are seen by all, except the rfr// Ijliud. Will you not 'jirove this worst most needed way, Au(i leave a monument yourselves behind. Of which you all may say, and not amiss, " Exegl vihmnnentnin [;ere] iterennin!'' ("I have'builded a mouumeut more durable than brass.") • No. 204 (old) Summit .Street, near Adams. 1 14.5 (old) .Summit Street. i Kingsbury House, 3J0 (old) Summit Street. The work of Street improvement was slow and limited for many years, a fact due chiefly to the limited resources of the people. The plankinc; of Summit Street was a venture of no small magnitude, for 40 years ago; and it probably would not have been undertaken, but for the peculiar nature of the ground constitu- ting that Street. The bed of clay resulting I'rom grading, was such as to make the Street imjiassalile during large jiortions of the year. Tiie plan of planking was no doubt materially jiroinotcd by the confidence in the permanence of that style of improvement, then so common at the West. No real substantial relief in this direction was secured until 1853, when Summit Street was paved with bowlders, from Jefterson to Cherry, and finally extended to Elm Street. This was an advance both valuable and endur- ing. With repairs it was continued in use for over 30 years, and until succeeded in 1885, by the present excellent jiavement of Medina stone. For some 13 years there was no pavement made in the Cit3', except of bowlders. In IStiO, the Nicholson plan of imjirovcmeiit was fir.st introduced hei-e, when Superior Street, (rom Monroe to Elm, the latter to Summit, and thence to the City line, were jiaved with blocks of pine. Madison and other Streets about the siime time, were improved in the same way. The results of such work were by no means sat- isfactory, but this fact was largely due to the improper execution of the work and to the condition of the blocks used. The pavement, much sooner than was expected, rotted and be- came worse than worthless. The blocks were found to have rotted, largely from lack of ilrain- age. The boards on which the blocks were laid were suiisequently found to be in good con- dition, as the latter probably would have been, had proper provision been made for drainage. It would bo neither ])racticable or profitable, hereto follow, in detail, the various steps taken ior the improvement of the public thoroughfai-cs ot the City. It will be suflncient to give, in brief, the extent and descriptioibs of imjirove- monts made, and to state that the energj- and enlightened liberality of the people as therein shown, will compare favorably with like action in other Cities. The extent and kinds of Street improve- ments in Toledo to December 31, 1887, follows ; were as Total No. Miles Monclova Stone Pavement... .70 '' '■ " Bowlder Stone Pavement 4.27 " " " Macadamizing 9..'U " " " Medina Stone Pavement 11. .S4 " " " l^irae.stone Pavement .44 " " " White Cedar Pavement (i.S.'j " " " Ked Cedar Pavement ].'21 " " " Asphalt Pavement 2.U0 " " " Plank Roads 20.(i7 Improved Streets in City 57.32 The area of Toledo is as follows: Northwest of Maumee River 15.3 square miles. Southeast of Same 6.2 " " Total Square Miles 21.5 Miles of Street in the City 270 No. Hijrhwav Bridges Fixed, 20 Swing, 10 " Railroad " " 16 " 6 Total Bridges 36 BRIDGES. 16 The first Bridge constructed within the pres- ent limits of Toledo, was built by Joseph Prentice, previous to 1823, and crossed Swan Creek at or near where Superior Street now runs. It was made of logs placed on piles driven into the ground. The Bridge was car- ried away lij' ice in 1836, and was succeeded by a Ferry. Subsequently a Bridge was constructed across Swan Creek at or near St. Clair Street, where one has continued to be maintained. A]iril 18, 183'J, the Citj' Council passed an ordinance for the construction of a Bridge across Swan Creek. It provided that the Mayor and Street Commissioner should receive dona- tions and appropriations from citizens and from the County Commissioners for l)uilding a Bridge across Swan Creek at some convenient point at the termination of some public thoroughfare; provided, the same should not cost more than $1,200, nor the City more than $600, and to be comjjleted by April 1, 1840. It seems that this jilan did not succeed, owing to a lack of ilona- tions, when the Council, in May, 1840, author- ized the Street Commissioner to contract for a Bridije, not to cost more than $600, one-half to bo paid in cash, dui-ing the i>rogress of the work, and the balance in City orders on the comjiletion of the job. The Bridge thus jiro- vided for was to cross Swan Creek at Huron Street. Not finding a contractor at the price named, the Council authorized the payment of $700 tor the job, toward which the County Commissioners a]iproiiriated $300. A Bridge over Swan Creek at Perrj- Street, was built at an early date, and with several re- newals, has been maintained since that time. ITpon the location of the Union Paili'oad Depot on the Middle Grounds, the Cleveland and To- ledo (now Lake Shore) liailroad Company con- structed at that point a more adequate crossing APPENDIX. 835 tlican had jiroviously existed, and for many years maintained the same at its own expense. Finally tliat t]ioi'Ouh G. Cass is the only one of the brothers living, and resides on the old homestead property. Most of the old pioneers have passed away. The following named are among the oldest residents now living in the Township: Harvey Kellogg, Samuel Nason, David Byrnes, Valen- tine Bargy, Cyrus Davis, John W. Clark, David Kaley, John Halpin, Cliarles McTague, G. W. Norton, Joseph G. Cass, Henry Driver, Alonzo Lane, James P. Eobinson, N. H. Locke and Peter Y. Mersereau. • JOSEPH GERISH CASS was born at Eos- common, Hillsborough County, New Hamp- shirp, Octolier 7, 1SU7. He is a son of Barnard and Martha (Trumbull) Cass. The former had two half-brothers, Benjamin and Jonathan. The latter was a Major in the Eevolutionary War, and had three sons, George, Charles ami General Lewis Cass; and two daughters — Mary and Deborah. Barnard Cass moved to Musk- ingum County, Ohio, in 1816, where Jonathan had 4,(10(1 acres of choice lands. He laid out the Town of Dresden in that County, which became his residence. Joseph's mother and sister Philena died when he was 12 years old. In 1882, the family with the exception of two brothers, came to the Maumee Valley, and set- tled in the Northwest quarter of Section 24, now in Adams Township, which is still the home of Joseph. The settlement was made in a dense forest, with no impi'ovement of any sort nearer than Maumee City, three miles dis- tant. So straitened in circumstances was Joseph, that he was compelled to divide his time between clearing his own land and work- ing for others for means of support, until re- lieved by small crops. During the real estate speculation of 183.5-3C, he sold his farm to a Maumee party at what «as considered a good price, and removed to Knox County, where he bought land and remained for 13 years. The sale of his farm having meantime failed, he was compelled to take it back and again occupied it. Mr. Cass's lile, thougii not an eventful one, has been marked by pervading consideration for the rights and welfare of his fellow-men, especially in the promotion of sound morals and good order For GO years, in princijjle and practice, he has been strictly a Temperance man. When he was about 20 years of age (1828), a race-course and an attendant liquor- shop at Dresden, patronized mainly by laborers employed in the construction of the Oiiio Canal, so far reached their natural results among the youth and the older residents, as to arouse his alarm and to cause in him the positive resolve to abstain Irom gambling and the use of intox- icating liquors, which resolution never has been broken, but has remained as a readj* and ettec- tive shield from temptation to either practices Mr. Cass has been a member of the Masonic fraternity for about 40 years, being initiated at Newcastle, Coshocton County, Ohio, and united with Northern Light Lodge at Maumee in 1850. Having, in the manner already stateil, succeeded in erecting a one-storj- log-cabin, 18x20 feet in size, and cleared and planted with corn thi-ee acres of his land, Mr. Cass took the nest step by going to Jackson Township, Knox County, where, Julj^ 10, 1833, he was married with Miss Mary Wilson, who accompanied him to their forest home, making the trip by the Ohio Canal to Cleveland, and thence by Steamboat to Mau- mee, via Detroit. Coming as she did from a home of comfort, the bride was found ade(juate for every demand on her energies and courage which were liberally taxed in all the ways known to such trials. The mother of six sons and six daughters, 11 of whom grew to matu- rity, she had ample occasion for the exercise of the ])h}sical and mental resources which alone could have given success in such extraordinarj' charge. A sincere Christian, her convictions and fiiith abided and guided her througout the long years of her activity, and made their mark on the children other care. She dieroprietors reserved all rights of ferrying, and purchasers of Watei- lots were granted the use of one-half of the street adjoining their lots for handling property. The" City of Marengo " was finally closed out by order of Court, in August, 1838. The plat of the Town of Vinton was located on the South side of Swan Creek, in Section Thirteen, Town Two (now in Adams Town- shijj), and adjoining the French Grant. It was surveyed by Samuel Divine, County Surveyor, and recorded June 11, 1836. The proprietors were Daniel llubbell and Amos Atkins. The plat contained 54 lots and 10 streets. June 14, 183G, Rev. James Gilruth a Metho- dist Preacher, then of Ann Arbor, Michigan, and Marj% his wife, deeded 362J acres of land in Sections 17 and 20, now in Adams Town- ship, to Nathan Jenkins, Wm. P. Eeznor and David Higgins, as Trustees for themselves and John Patterson, of Columbus; Ezra M. Stone, of Norwalk ; Charles Borland, of Mansfield; and Rev. H. O. Sheldon. The price paid for the property was .f3(),250. On this property was soon laid out the plat of Bast Marengo, by what was known as the East Marengo Company. Sales were made of lots in this plat as follows: To H. O. Sheldon, 11 lots, October, 1838, for$G,864. To Alonzo Rogers, August 11, 1837, one lot con- ditioned that said Rogers erect on the same " a house at least 18x2-5 feet, two stories high, tinished on the outside and painted white ; to be done and complete within 5 months from date." To David D. Prouty, lot for $100, first payment to be made in 8 months ; assigned March JO, 1840, to Francis D. Cochoran. In September, 1840, the East Marengo Com- pany laid out a sub- division on the Southeast quarter of Section 17 and East half of North- east qiiarter Section 20, River Tract, No. 14, called East Marengo. Hiram Davis was the Surveyor. This plat was recorded by W. P. Eeznor and Nathan Jenkins, Trustees, Septem- ber 21, 1840. LATER PLATS. Central Grove, located on that part of River Tract No. 15, Town 3, United States Reserve, lying between the Maumee River and the Miami and Erie Canal, was platted by Wesley J. Wells and George Vogel, Tru.stees, October 7, 1874, and three days later recorded. Toledo Heights was jdatted and recorded by Wm. H. Ingraham, June 18, 1874. It is situated on River Tract No. 18, Town 1, United States Reserve. Norwood was laid out and platted by Edwin Conant, Sallie Lee Conaut and Albert E. Macomber, as a division of their respective half-interests in the Northeast quarter and Northeast quarter of the Northwest quarter of Section 4, Town 3, in May, 1877. It lies be- tween Dorr Street on the north, Nebraska Avenue on the south and Rrown Avenue on the east, and is divided cast and west by Ger- mania Street, containing lots numbered from 1 to 38 inclusive. SALES OF LANDS. Among the other early transfers of property, w^ere the following : Cyrus Fisher to Ezra Goodale, Theodore Lee, Wm. C. Corwin, and Oliver Stevens, 80 acres, Sec- tion 1), $180; 1830. Isaac B. Worden and Triijhena Worden, to Ros- well Riley, 20}^ square rods of land on the left bank of the Maumee River, and on the road leading from Port Lawrence to Miami, $100; 1830. Wm. P. Bennett to Tunis Lewis, 80 acres, $200 ; 1830. Silas Barnes to Jona. Simmons, 1830. Theo. S. Lee to Sam. Allen and Otis Hathaway, SO acres. Section 9, $100, is:.',2 ; the same having been patented by the Government to Dexter Fisher in 1831. Daniel Hubbell to John Mackley, 1833. Samuel Merritt, to Nancy Merritt, 1834. Silas Long to James McLaughlin, 1834. John Mickle to Bingham D. Abbott, 1834. United States to Charles Allen, September, 1834. Alvin Evans to Henry Bennett and S. B. Camp- bell, 1S3G. .lohn McNess to Eli Charter, February, 1835. Ezra B. Dodd to Ezra Goodell, October, 183.5. Sylvester Brown to John U. Pea.se, March, 1836. George Lewis to Nathaniel Rathbun, 1836. David Prouty, to Geo. S. Hazard, 1836. Benjamin Davis to Jared N. Stebbins, 18;i6. Zenas Leonard to Charles G. Keeler, May, 1836. W. E. Morton to Mathew Byrnes, October, 1835. John Mickles, to Joel W. Crane, 1836. Jo.seph Titsworth to Eli Hubbard, 18.36. J. G. Cass and Corser to J. E. Hunt, 1835. Edward Corser to Joseph G. Cass, February, 1836. Henry Williams to Theodore T. Woodruff, March, 1836. Marmaduke Bunting to John Knaggs, March, 1836. Stephen L. Gilleatto .Miciiael Sterling, 1838. J. G. Worthington to James Harris, 1839. DAVID KALBY is a native of Ireland, and was liorn in 1822. His parents came to Amer- ica in 1832, and that year his father died of cholera at Putnam's Corners, eighteen miles below White Hall on Lake Champlain, while the family were on their way from Quebec to Buffalo, New York. His father was buried near the old battle ground at Fort Ticon- deroga, and the family proceeded to Buffalo, arriving there in the S2)ring of 1833. It con- sisted of five boys and one girl, of whom two are now living, viz.: David, the subject of this sketch, and Daniel Kaley, a resident of Wood County, Ohio. David, after remaining in Buffalo till the spring of 1837, went with the family to Water- ville, Lucas County, Ohio, whtre his brother- ^^■f' //y-icii}Vjfy ^a^i^d d^.yf./^^ ADAMS TOWNSHIP. 845 in-law bad a contract on tlic Miami and Erie Canal, then being constructed. Hero David worked on tbe C'anal about six years. In the meantime, (in 1888), his oldest brother died; and tile balance of tiie family, in 1843, remove' the Comniissiiiucrs of Lucas County, that the territory heretofore belonging to the 'I'nwn- ship of Port Lawrence, and which was on the I'd day of December, A. D. 18.^56, set off from said Townshii) of Port Lawrence and annexed tu the Township of !;'pringfield. together with Sections numbers 4, ."> rtiid d in Town No. I!, United .States Reserve ; the South fractional lialf of Sections number :il, 32, S3 and 34 in Town No. y, S. R. T. E.; tlie South fractional lialf of 846 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Section No. Sfi, T. 9, S. of R. 6 E.; Sections numbers 1, 2 and 12 ; the East half of Sections numbers 11, 14 and 2;i and fractional Sections 13 and 24, all in Town 2 U. S. K.; fractional Section No. 19, Town 3, U. S. R.; all that portion of Private Grants numbers 575, 578, 579, 5.S0 and 581 which was formerly in Spring- field Township ; also all that territory which was fonnerly in Waynesfield Township, lying Northeast of Private Grant No. 581 extending to the centre of the Maumee River ; thence down the River, to the Southwest corner of the City of Toledo, be estab- lished as the Township of Carey ; and that the first meeting for the election of officers for .said new Town- ship lie held at the house of Henry Driver on Decem- ber 22, 1856. Accordingly the first Township meeting was held and the following officers elected: Trus- tees—Peter H. Shaw, Darius Mills, J. P. Hill. Clerk -G. W. Norton. Treasurer — Elisha Mulford. Mr. Mulford served as Treasurer two years. The ioUowing have served as Treasurer since: William Larkin, 1858; Walter Woodward, 1859- 62 ; Warren H. Howe, 1862 ; S. S. Kingsley 1863 ; Hiram W. Haughton, 1864-73; M. M. Goulden, 1873- 75; G. AV. Norton, 1875-79; John Halpin, 1879; Squire Johnson, 1879-82; David Byrne, 1882-87. Clerks— G. W. Norton, 1856-62 ; Alonzo Lane, 1862-64 ; S. D. Wilcox, 1864 ; Alonzo Lane, 1865-72 ; Samuel W. Cass, 1872 ; Edward L. Jones, 1873 ; Oliver C. Wilson, 1874; Henry Woodward, 1875; David Byrne, 1876; Orlando Lane, 1877-79; C. R. Bowen, 1879-84 ; H. Miller, 1884-86 ; Lewis Dennis, 1887. Justices of the Peace — B. F. Cunningham, Walter Woodward, 1857-63; Charles F. Bates, Jeremiah Reynolds, 1863-69 ; Harvey Kellogg. A. D. Jones, 1869-72 ; James B. Robinson, Weslev C. Palmer, 1872-78; Wesley C. Palmer, C. R. Bowen, 1878-81; Harvey Kellogg, Silas M. Johnson, 1881-84 ; Harvey Kellogg, Charles W. Cass, 1884-87; Charles R. Bowen, Henry V. Hawkins, 1887. The citizen.s of Adams Township were active in raising Volunteers and relief for the Soldiers and Soldiers' families during the War. A Soldiers' Aid Society was maintained, and many festivals held. On January 7, 1865, a branch of the United States Christian Commis- sion was organized, with Capt. G. W. Norton as President, Hai'vey Kellogg as Secretary, and S. D. Wilcox as Treasurer. Besides various supplies, there was raised in cash during the few months before the close of the War, $121.81. The Townshi]! furnished more than its quota, sending in ail into the service 89 men out of a population (in 18(j0) of 750 inhabitants. Some 40 or more persons who lived at the time or had previously lived in Adams Township, enlisted in Battery H, First Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Artillery, and served during the War in the Army of the Potomac, and on their return home in June, 1865, met with a warm reception from the citizens. October 8, 1867, the Trustees of Adams Township, Peter Y. Mersereau, S. D. Wilcox and John Shull, purchased of D. F. Cook four acres of land for a Cemetery. The price paid for the ground was $500. The population of the Township in 1860, was 750; in 1880, 1,519. The Townghip has nine School Districts with the same number of substantial brick School-houses. UNION CHURCH. There is but one Church edifice in Adams Township, and it is of quite recent construc- tion. When tlie Township was .set off many of the religious people residing within its limits had their Church relations in Toledo, Sylvania, Springfield and Maumee, and the need for a local Church was not so much felt. Hence, for a long time, although services were held occa- sionally in School-houses and in the Town Hall, there was neither meeting-house nor resident minister within the Township. The following incident may be worth relating in this connec- tion : One of the pioneers (Mr. Harvcj' Kellogg) being a delegate from Adams Townsiiip to a Sunday School Convention at Maumee soon after the Township was organized, on being called upon for a reportfrom his Township, remarkcartial dala as may be gleaned from olliei' sources. In April, 1853, the Board of I'jducatioM metal the house ol B. T. Barnes and oigani/.cd by electing J. O. Allen Chairman. W. B. (iunn. Clerk of the Townshij), acted as clerk. Reso- lutions were adopted for the government of the Schools in the Township, and J. O. Allen was ajjpointed acting manager. The Board in 1855 consisted of Peter Blyslone, Peter Bomgardner, H. L. Crossett, John Weible, Jesse Keri', and Warren B. Gunn — the latter as Clerk. Thei-c were then six Districts in the Township. The first School-house was a frame building, erected in the Village on ground given by Ilez- ekiah Hubbell in 1838. It stood on the prem- ises now occupied by J^aron Trapp, near his residence, and was superseded bj' the frame School-house which stands in the rear of the present School buildinL', and which a few years ago Avas repaired by the Disciples Church for their religious meetings. The present School - house in" the Village is a substantial brick structure, the upper stor)- of which is fitted \\\t for a Townshi]i Hall. The School ornjiloystwo Teachers in Winter and one in Summer. There arc now seven Districts in the Township, with substantial brick School-houses. The nunihcr of persons of School age is 185 males, l(i8 fe- males, total 353. Number of votes cast, 245. The following named persons have been Treasurers of Monclova Township since its or- ganization : Adam Black, Solomon Salisbury, John Trapp, John Strayer, Lewis Metzger (14 vears— lStJ()-80), AaronTrapp (1880-86), J cseph Hain (1886), Lewis Metzger (1887). Clerks since 1880— W. W. Coder, to 1887; W. G. Learning, 1887. Trustees since 1880 — Jeremiah Coder, J. A. Nachtrab, John Ward, 1880; William IJlay- stone, Jeremiah Coder, William Lose, 1881 ; J. O. Holloway, William Kraystone, Daniel Stray- er, 1882; C. L. Hubbell, C. H. Iloberts, Joseph Hain, 1883; Jacob AVeckesley, William Jjose, J. E. Farmer, 1884; Jacob Weekesly, William Lose, J. E. Farmer, 1885; Laban Lowi-y, ('has. Decker, Wilson Davis, 1886; Charles Decker, Andrew Baker, Daniel Keener, 1887. 850 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. JOHN "WEIBLB was born in Westmoreland I'oiinty, Pennsylvania, Defcmber 21, 1815. He is the oldest son of William N. and Hannah (Lose) Wcible, of German descent. His father was born at Sea, June 15, 1788, diirintc the voy- age of his grand-]iarents from Germanj' to America; hedied in MonolovaTownshipin 1857, aged , Jr., July, 1836; 80 acres in Section 0. J. H. Forsvtb to Chas. Nobles, Julv, 18.36. Daniel P. Ketchani to D. P. Ketcham, Jr., 1837. Jas. Wilkin.son to Win. Kingsbury, March, 1837. John Whitmore to John Wliitniore, Jr., .Ian. 1837. J. H. Forsyth to James Horner, July, 1836. A. B. Crosby to E. H. Crosby, Septe'niber, 1836. Thos. J. Dobbins to Gabriel Kinney, 1836. OREGON TOWNSHIP. S51 John Chambers and Adam Beattv to Henrv O. Iteitty, Se].tfnibor, 1SS(). i;iil)tTt Taylor to John ('hanibi'rs, 1884. J. (i. Hannali to Jonas Flory, May, ISI!;;. John S. Farr to Jacol) Alpacli, Septunibor, is:!4. Alon/.o No))le to John IIoHilbowor. Octolicr, JS:!:!. Jonas I'ratt to Thos. lA'aininti, Jr., \S','>'2. 'I'ho.s. Lcaniini; to Maria, Esthor, Sarah, Tfni- licrancc and Thomas Leaminj];, Jr., is:i'_'. t'onrad Hoiisr to Alonzo M. Noble, l.So2. •larvis (lilbort to Martin Walter, 1.S32. iJisliop .'^nrdani to J. E. Hnnt, 1.S34. Peter SehlaiJiii to John Schlapfii, Mareh, ls:!7. K. A. Miteliell to John Emery, Anfxnst, lS:!(i. Walterman Johnson to llez. llubbell, Jnne, ISI!?. A. r>. Crosby to Lvman Dudley, Januarj-, 1.S37. Hez. llubbell to Il'enrv O. Beattv, Julv, ISMli. Dexter II. Rhodes toOhas. Bueklin, October, 1837. t'orydon E. Fay to Anson Keed, October, 1S37. Joseph Gnagy to Kichard Rodney. Jnne, 18M7. Cbas. Bueklin to Marius INIoore, February, 1S3S. Moses I'. Morgan to John C'happell, February, '38. Samuel Barrett to Wni. II. Alden, November, 1837. Erastus Briggs to Timothy !\Ianly, May, 183S. John Whitmore to Elijah Herrick. Novendaer, '38. Same to Thomas Fraker, April, 1838. .lames Wolcottto D. R. Stebbins, September. 183(>. Warren Tremaine to Josiah Reed, November, '38. Lyman Lane to John S. Rector, January, 1839. Thos. Degane to Asahel Bateman, September, '3!(. Aurora Spaftbrd to Lucy Leslie, November, 1839. Ahica Spaulding to John Hancock, October, 1839. George Brim to H. W. Horton, April, 1840. John King to James Donohue, July, 1840. Joseph Reed to Jesse Reed, September, 1840. Uniti'd Slates to Henry Zimmerman, 1837. Edward Hughes to Cyrus Howard. June, 1S40. Thos. Leaming to John.son M. Bateman and llez- ekiah llubbell, May, IMO. Iluneau ('. and" J. H. Por.syth to Charlotte T. Forsvth aI^d Ilezekiah Huhbell, Jnne, 18411. Lorenzo H. Wyattto J.T. Uateman, Nov., 184(1. James L. Curtis to Natliani<4 I'.crry, Nov., 18.",7. .lohn Schwartz to Andrew l!agini>l'd. May, 1843. Hrz. Huhbell to AInian (i. Johnson, Nov., |8:!8. Marcus Wilcox to Ispli. KillMjuin, October. 1844. Henry K. Baincs to .1. G. Cook, Hecendtcr, 1814. John Trap]) to .Mark F. Merrill, January, 1844. Martin Walters to .hihu Straver, Octol.ier, hS44. C. V. Merrill to Mark F. Merrill, Decendier, 1.S4."). Horace Waite to Waterman Jijhnsou. Jlay, 1847. Cliristian Zook to Conrad Cocber, So|itendicr. ls:',i;. Eph. Kimball to Roswell Kimljall, Jauuarv, 181.S. Mark F. Merrill to Benj. V. Sanders, August 1845. Geo. Hetzber to John Tra]!]), I'ecendier, ISSO. Isaac Hull to John Zeigler. August, 1846. Hez. Huhbell to Bernhart Long, June, 1844. Daniel Wisler to Samuel Cranker, July, 1840. S. M. Young to D. D. Towner, November, 1845. M. R. Waite to Orlando Chan\pion. March, 184i;. United States to Conrad Zutavern, March. ls:!7. John Van Fleet to Adam Black, March, 184(1. Benj. .Saunders to Avery S. SauncUM>:, October, '48. ISIatthew Cowling to Win. Cowling, March, 1.848. Daniel Wisler to John Smith, April, 1.849. INIartin Walter and John Zeigler to Josiah Ilar- baugh, April,. 1849. Jesse Kerr to Jacob Schneider, July, 1849. OREQON TOWNSHIP. Oregon Township lies in the Southeast part of Lticas County, and is bounded on the North by Maumee Bay, on the East by Lake Erie, on the Soutb I)}' portions of Wood and Ottawa Counties, and on the \Yest bj' the City of To- ledo. It is the largest Townshijiin the Count}-, comprising an area of about 80 square miles, The soil is arable and productive, with the exception of the marshes on the Lake and Bay. Originally, it was heavily timbered and the manufacture of lumber and staves was there extensivel}' carried on. There is still a large Lumber and Stave Mill in operation in the Eastern part of the Township. The late Cap- tain Eber Ward, of Detroit, and others held large tracts of land in this part of the Town- ship. Captain AVard carried on ship building here and had a canal connecting bisj'ard with Lake Erie. Oregon Township was originallj' included in the territory of Port Lawrence and Manhattan Townships. On June 11, 1837, a petition was presented to the County Commissioners by Isatic Street and others, asking for "a new Township, to include the territory on the East and South side of the Biver, and to be known by the name of Oregon. Whereupon, the Board considered said ])etition and granted the prayer thereof, and ordered an election to be held on the 4th day of July following at 10 o'clock A. M., at the house of Isaac Street ; and also, that Trustees and a Township Treasurer, to take charge of the School fund in said Town- ship, be elected at the same time and place." I.saac Street and others had laid out a Town in this territory which they called " Oregon," and the same parties, less than a year hiter, engineered the organization of the Township, and were interested in having it called by the same name, though it had been popularly des- ignated as "Utah." Henry W. Hicks, who owned a fine estate on that side of the River, devised the euphonious name of '' Yondota," and although it found its way into the records in the transfer of his farm, it was not acce[)ted as the name of tiie settlement. 'I'he name Oregon was suggested by Pierre M. Irving, a nephew of Washington Irving, wlio lived in Toledo from the Spring of 1830 to the Summer of 1838; and it was probalily inspireil by his uncle's "Astoria," which had then awakened great interest in John Jacob Aslor's trading lands in which is now Oregon Township. Thus, the name is associated with a very pleasant romance. Mr. Irving was here to look after liis uncle's interest in Toledo. He left witli his wife for a temporaiy visit to New York in tiie Summer of 1838, but never returned, dying in that City in February. 1871!. Oregon Township has been modiKed in its boundaries as follows: On December 2, 185(i, that portion of Oregon included within Toledo 852 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. City limits, was annexed to Port Lawi-ence Townslii]); and on the same day tliat part of Port Lawrence outside tiie Oity, was attached to the Township of Springiieid. By an oi-dinance of Toledo Oity Council, passed July 2, 1872, and concurrent action by the Board of County Commissioners, of Decem- bci' 30, 1872, Oregon Township was further reduced in area, by the addition to the City of Toledo of all the remaining land included witliin the following boundary line, to wit: From the Maumee River, in the Township of Man- hattan, to the center of the mouth of Wisyon Creek, thence up the center of the channi'l of said Creek to aline running North and South tlirougli tlie center of Sections 28 and 33, Town Nine, South of Range Eight East; thence South on said center line to the center of said Section number 33, same Town and K'ange ; thence Southwesterly, through the center of Section number 5, Town 10, South of Range Eight East, to the Southwest corner of said Section ; tlience, due Soutl), on the line dividing Sections 7 and S and 17 and 18, same Town and Range, to the Wood County line ; thence Westerly, on the line between Wood and Lucas Counties, to the main channel of the Maumee River. On November 2, 1874, the Board ordered "that all that portion of Manhattan Township outside of the new City limits of Toledo and Soutii of the center of the channel of the Mau- mee Eiver, be annexed to and constitute a part of Oregon Township." SALE OF INDIAN LANDS. The several grants or reservations provided for in the treaty with the Ottawa ti-ibe of In- dians in Pebruarj', 1833, soon began to find their way to market. The earliest record of such sales, is the deed of Au-to-kce, a Chief of that tribe, and sou of Fish-qua-gun, another Chief of the same. The sale was made in August, 1835, to James W. Knaggs, and con- sisted of 125 acres, being the \Vest half the grantor's tract on the South side of the Maumee Eiver and near the mouth of that stream. On the same day Au-to-kee, for $1,000, sold to Geo. B. Knaggs and E. A. Forsyth the propertj^ known as Presque Isle, constituting the remaining portion of grantor's reservation, and containing 81 acres. This deed bore the following certificate: To the President of the United Stales : We do hereby certify, that the consideration named in said instru- ment, which was duly paid to the said Au-to-kee in our jiresence, is a full and fair consideration for said tract, as we verily believe." (Signed by John E. Hunt and Horatio Conant. and by James Jackson, Sub- Agent.) As a sample of the form of such conveyance, the deed of Au-to-kee is herewith given in full, as follows: Know all men by these presents ; That I, Au- to-kee, a Chief of the Ottawa tribe of Indians, and sou of Fish-qua-gun, in consideration of the sum of $1,000, to me in hand paid by James W. Knaggs, of the County of Wood and State of Ohio, do hereby give, grant and convey to said James W. Knaggs, and to his heirs and assigns forever, all that certain tract or parcel of land contained in the West lialf of my tract, lying in said County of Wood at the mouth of the Maumee River (South side) adjoining I'rcsque Isle, which I lately granted to Rotiert A. Forsyth and Geo. B. Knaggs, and bounded l)y said Presque Isle on the West ; on the North by Lake I'.rie ; on the East by the East halt of .said half of said tract ; and on the South by land granted to Alexis Navarre by tlie United States at the treaty with the said tribe of In- dians in February, 1833, at which treaty this said tract was granteil to me, the West half of which, containing 12") acres, I hereby grant to James W. Knaggs. To have and to hold, to him ami to his heirs and assigns forever, for their proper use and behoof. And 1 further covenant and promise with and to the .said James W. Knaggs, the above granted premises to him, his heirs and assigns forever, to warrant and defend. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my liand a:id seal, this 4th day of August, in the year of our Lord 1835. Au-to-kee. [L.S.] Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of H. Conant and Jaques Navarre. The State of Ohio, Wood County, si.: On the 4th of August, in the year of our Lord 1835, personally came Au-to-kee, Indian Chief of the Ottawa Tribe, the maker of the within deed, and the purport and meaning of the within deed being fully explained to him, be acknowledged that he signed and .sealed the same and was content and satisfied with the consid- eration made therefor ; and that he executed said deed and makes the above acknowledgment without any circumvention or undue influence or persuasion of the said grantee or of any other person whomsoever. Before me, Horatio Conant, a Justice of the Peace in and for said County, and I further certify, that I was present at the execution of the within deeil, and counted out and delivereil to the said Au-to-kee the consideratiun mentioned in said deed, 111,1)00. Wit- ness my liand and seal, the day and year above written. H. Conant, Justice of the Peace. November 18, 1835, Jaques Navarre, Francis Na- varre, Peter Navarre, and Antoine Navarre, of the Indian Reservation at the mouth of the Maumee River, on the South side of said River, for .t800, sold to Geo. B. Knaggs, 60 acres of land bounded on the Flast by Duck Creek ; on the North by Maumee River and the line run by Ambrose Rice, Surveyor ; the same having been granted to the Navarres by the treaty of 1833. The deed was signed by Cath- arine, wife of Peter Navarre, and by (.'atharine, wife of Jaijues Navarre. November 18, 1835, James W. Knaggs sold to Daniel Chase 258j acres of the Reservation of the Navarres, for |!5,000. Tlie same day, Knaggs and Forsyth sold Presque Isle to Daniel Chase for .f3,t)00, being the same tract purchased of Au-to-kee June 3, 1835, for |J,1,000. August 3, 1835, Geo. B. Knaggs, for|12,SS0, sold to Daniel Chase UiO acres granted by treaty of- 1833, to Wa-sa-on, an Ottawa Indian ; 80 acres granted by the same treaty to Joseph Cavalier Renjard, and next to a tract assigned to Clieroo, an Indian Chief ; antl 100 acres granted to the Navarres by treaty of 1833 ; making ;i40 acres, the price averaging |37.88 per acre, against about $13 per acre paid for the same a few weeks previously. August 3, 1835, "B. F. Hollister sold to Daniel Chase for $1,600 a tract of land known as the Cheroo Reservation, on Little Creek, ot McCarthy's Village, at the mouth of Maumee River, being the same re- served to Cheroo, Principal Chief of the Ottawa Tribe of Indians. * I :E^g ^fyjCLFkil^ijify: < ^ /T^.yc^'d.-^iU^^h-- OREGON TOWNSHIP. 853 ENTRIES OF GOVERNMENT LANDS. The following table, coinpileil from Lucas County records, shows Ihe names of tlie persons who entered Government lands in Oregon Township, together with the locations, dates and acreage purchased by each : KANGE EIGHT, TOWN NINE. RANGE NINE, TOWN TEN. Fraction. Lots 1 and 2 in frac S W frac. M.. N E14SEI4 Lots 2, 3 anrt 4 in frac W^SEJi-.— W 1^ S W )i W us E K N WV N * U WHNEJ4.... E'/, SW}4 Ept SE J4 w i<,sv/U E!4"NEJ4... E^SW^4.. \VHSW!4 EK S E14 \\ HSVfU SEHSWi-i S W pt S E14 SE14SE n N EH - S WW and EHN \V y,... E i^and W )« N \V i4.... SVTa S W>4 -- W14SE14 E><; N E}4 Ept N E !i EH NW 14 and E^SWij- w 1/, N \v 1.4 & w i,i~s w a W K N E >< & W >^ S E K Purchaser. Timothy (irittith Daniel Chase Daniel CMlver,. Timothy lirifflth.... Erastns Cone-.. John Brown James M Laugston._ Thomas Wayne Erastns Cone Alex. McCabe George W. Reynold.s Isaac Heck man Asa Lapham Benjamin Scott Sirile Phimey Eli M. Williams Patrick Fox... Frederick Prentice. . Daniel Chase Nathan Etson .Joseph J. Applegate Daniel Chase Same Same Same - William Damphy... Michael DeBott Jacob Meyer Nathan White John Hetfelbower,. 1836 1839 lavj 1830 18S-2 lV4n 1852 1852 1852 1853 1852 1841) 1816 lR4'.t 1849 1849 1.849 1849 183(i 1848 1830 18.39 1839 1839 1839 1853 18.52 1852 1852 1852 KANGE EIGHT, TOWN TEN. NEK— SEH — - - S W14 N W« Whole N!^ W^SWJi - Si4 SE >4 v;)iSEU E;< EJ^S EK WJ4SEHSW14 E-^SEM - EJ^NWJf &E}^S W J<. EK2SEH w^s wJi W i4 N W a WUN EK E^NEH wyiSEu EifS EK SEJiS W M NEMSW^ N W frac. and S E frac S pt N W fr. M and S W J4 N US E fr. Ji or lot 2 ... EHNEJi WK>NE 14 W J^SKH EK>SEM — EK. N W \ w j<; s wj^ W>iN W « E J.^ EKS E« WJ^EJ^S WJi WXSWii EHNM — Wi^N EM - E K.'N E Jf - WgSEM.- E>4SEli John L. Wayne E. 9. Wayne Samuel "Wayne Bnffington Daniel Chase Same Barzilla A. Peterson. J. J. Miller.... Eli Williams Horace Howland John Brown Ilarzilla A. Peterson.. John Honnigman Barzilla .\. Peterson. Geo. R. Peckham Henry Wilbey Samuel Scott J. E, Scott Elijah Woodruff John Phillips Fred. Baker & Chris- tian Eiglan, Feb... Same Gab. and J. L. Crane. Oliver Stevens |ThomasS. .Manly George Coy W'illiam Calvert Charles Coy Ulrich Kemple John Vangunten Geo. and Daniel Coy. Wilard J. Daniels..'.. Itaymond A Co Austin Hunce James Hideout.. Matthias Smithton.. Jacob Berry Henry Gilman John Drapel Adam Dressel 1858 1858 1858 ia58 18.39 1839 1841 1842 1848 1848 1848 1840 1849 1848 1842 1848 1848 184h 1848 1842 1851 18.53 1833 1&32 1848 1843 1843 1838 1830 1K)« 1848 1848 1840 1840 1841 1841 1848 1854 1852 1852 160 160 160 160 040 320 80 80 80 40 40 100 100 80 80 80 80 80 80 36.T0 35.90 128.92 243.24 59.15 80 80 Whole Whole Whole Whole Wl4 SW« E K N W J^ & W ^ N E 1^ W H S E ji A E !^, S E Ji. E >^ N E ^ & W H S W « E K>S W U Wi^N W 14 W i^N WJJ S EM KUNEJi whole Whole Whole Whole fractional Whole fractional AVhole fractional W fr. W K> or lot 4 E yiW frac Lot 86, Reserve SEM S EM •■^"■14 E><;NW>4 V/liSV/Vi E74S w « WK>N E}4 N E'U Ept. N EM SfeM..... WHSWX EUSW«. N AV frac W pt. W K> frac. or lot 4., E pt. W i/j'lot3 E pt. frac W pt. frac N E frac. X N E frac. and N W frac... E fret, pt Margaret Bailey Same Same Same K. n.Gilson Philo W. Boyd John A. Bryiin Same Sylvanus P. Jermain Wni. W. Frayer .\mos Boyd William Taylor William B. Hicks.... George W. Iteynolda. Margaret Bailey Same Same Same Same Same Dennis Hart Jacob Weber Almon Gibbs Philo B. Scott Philo B. Scott Adolph Letz John Yobn.. Joseph Hildcbrand.. John B. Arnold Jacob Reiser .\ndrew Metzker Victor Plumey .\ndrew Metzker Enoch Kent John B. Arnold Coonrod Dusernois.. Milton Huntley Edward Woodruff... Wm. Van Orden Sylvester Brown James Cahoo Philo Bennett.. Charles A. Crane 1839 643.00 ia39 640 1839 610 010 1839 1853 18S.t WW 1839 wm 1853 18^:! 1851 1852 1852 18;i9 1839 1839 1839 18;)9 1830 1851 18.53 1823 1*18 1847 1848 1842 1842 1849 1849 1849 1&19 1848 1842 1842 1849 1851 1851 18.M 1841 1842 18:« 1839 10(1 100 KM 100 210 80 80 80 100 80 040 610 045.28 93.T7 112.40 120.80 48 40.00 27.7U 1011 100 100 80 80 80 80 IIW 71-51 100 HO 80 95.33 46 4G 94 89,83 80.43 101.12 20.36 TRANSFERS OF REAL ESTATE. James Kinney to John Patterson, March, 1830 .Joseph Stowe, Jr , to Dwitrht F. Stowe, May, WBO. Peter Navarre to Willard Smith, May, IKiO, jiart of Navarre grant. Oliver Stevens to Jos. Stringhani, Septeniljcr, 18.36. Amrai Richards to .\urora SpiiHbrd, 1830. George Powcsland to George Redding. April. 1837. Luther ^Vh^tlnore to Warren Isham, lots in Oregon Village, Au- gust. 1836. Ebcnezcr Griffin to Swanton Whitmore, July, 1836. Luther Whitmore to David Cooracr and .lose'ph Miller, July, '.37. Daniel Brown to Erastus G. Back, September, 1837. Leonard Whitmore to F. W. Jenison, Octolior, 1837. A. M.Noble to Heze. Hubbell and Elijah Herrick, 1838. The East Manhattan Land Company to the Ohio Railroad Com- panp, January 2, 1838, in consideration of $04,000 in hand paid, certain land on the East side of Maumce River, Charles I$ntlerto John C, Jones, Ammi C. Lombard, Edward A. Nicoll, Charles Butler and Erastns Corning, Trustees of the .\merican Land Company, January 18, 1838,251 acres of land. Luther Whitmore to William Phillips, October, 1838. Charles (1. Keeler to Samuel Merritt, December, 1,S>1. .\urora Spatlbrrl to Charles V. Merrill, February, 1839, Jerome Smith to Hiram Vinal. May, 1839, Justus Brown to Jonathan Brown, 'June, 18-37. Joseph J. Applegate to John Consaul, Jr., and Hiram Water- bury, January, 1841. Oliver Stevens to Philander Fox, April, 1841. Joseph Prentice to Fred Prentice, Fcbrtiary, 1845. George R. Crane to Charles A. Crane, June, 1846. JAMES CURTIS MESSBR, fifth child of Ebenezer S. and Sally (WhitchiH) Mcsser, was born in Greenfield, Erie County, Pennsylvania, February 1, 1834. His ancestors on his fether's side were of English nativity, and among the earliest settlers of New JiOudon, New Hampshire. The father was a farmer, and in 1844 came West and .settled on a farm now within the Sixth Ward of Toledo. Re- maining there two years, he removed to what was known as the " Stickney farm," now within the First Ward, Toledo. On this (arm in De- 854 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. cember, 1847, his mother died. Two years later he returned to the East vSidc.and for a time con- ducted a SavvM ill, located nearlj- opposite Elm Street. In 18-t9 he settled on a farm, where he died March 10, 1855, and where the family, tiien consisting of three children, remained for several years. In 1858, James pur- chased his present farm in section Nine, Oregon Township, whore he has since resided. Hisearly school privileges were meagre. The limited resources of tlie country at the early period of the familj-'s settlement here made their experiences very severe. Of six children, James alone survives. During the War of the Rebellion, he was not only a warm supporter of the Union cause, but was active and effect- ive in the organization of the First Regiment, Ohio National Guard in 1863. He was made Second Lieutenant of Company A, of what was known as the One Hundred and Thirtieth Regiment O. V. I., mustered May 12, 18G4. In Sei>tember following it was mustered out, when it resumed its place in the State Militia, Lieu- tenant Messer being promoted to the Captaincy, which he retained until the Company was mustered out in 1808. Since the formation of the Republican party, Mr. Messer has been an active member of the same. His business capacity and earnest interest iti the affairs of the community early led to his election to various local offices. Commenciuf,' in 1858, he acted for two years as Township Trustee, four years as Assessor, nine years as Clerk, and six as Treasurer. He represented Lucas County in the Sixty-Second General Assembly of Ohio, and in 1887 was again elected to the same position. Agricullure has found in him an active supporter. He was for many years Vice President of the Lucas County Agricul- tural Society, and is now a Director and the General Superintendent and Chief Marshal of the Tri State Fair Association at Toledo; also President of the Lucas County Horticultural Society. His well-directed efforts have been exceptionally successful in his business un- dertakings, while his course of conscientious integritj- has commanded in special decree the confidence and respect of his fellow-citizens, as shown in their ott-roiieated calls of him to po- sitions of public trust, he frequently receiving nearly every vote cast in the Township when he was a candidate. In August, 1872, he was initi- ated and became a member of Maumee Valley Lodge No. 515, of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, working under the juris- diction of the Grand Lodi;e of Ohio. In 187G he pa-ssedthe Chairs of the Subordinate Lodge, and in December, 1880, was elected to repre- .sent District No. 31 in the Grand Lodge of the State for the years 1881-82, filling such posi- tion with satisfaction to the District. He yet retains his connection with the Order. Mr. Messer. was married May 21, 18G2, with Miss Marion Martineau Lilleland. Nine children have been born to them, of whom four are now living. Nelson M. was born April 8, 18G3; James C. Jr., born July 9, 18G4, died February 21, 1867; Anna L., born Aju-il 22, 1867 ; Jennie C.and Johnnie C, born July 22, 1869, the latter dying March 26, 1870; Harvey M., born Feb- ruary 19, 1872, died February 19, 1872 ; Marie M., born February 9, 1873, died February 27, 1873; Bessie M., born January 23, 1877, died .lanuary 23, 1877; and Martha J., born August 16, 1879. EARLY SETT[.EME^TS. Much of the land described above was held by sjieeulators. The first actual settlers came into the Township long before a Government Ivand Office had been opened in this region, and while the territory was in possession of the Indians. Near the mouth of the River, in what is now this Township, an Ottawa Village ex- isted, probably fi-om the days of the Pontiac War. The widow of the famous Chief, Kan. tuck-ee gun, and his son, Otus-sa, dwelt at this Village. The French had a Ti'ading-])ost in the vicinity about the middle of the ISth cen- tury, and there were French settlors about the mouth of the River — the Navarres and others — as early as 1808, and tlieii- names and posterity are now numerous in the Northeastern part of the Township. Among those of the English race who settled in the Township prior to the Indian treaty of 1833, may be mentioned Jo.seph Prentice, who .settled on the East bank of the River in 1825 ; Luther Whitmore, 1829 ; Robert Gardner. 1830 ; Hiram Brown, 1831 ; Gabriel Crane, 1831 ; Ol- iver Stevens, 1832 ; Elias Fassett, 1833. We make the following mention of these pioneers and their families in the order named : Joseph Prentice came to Port Lawrence in 1817, and was interested in the original Port Lawrence Company, as elsewhere stated. He, with his two sons, William and Augustus, and his wife and daugliter, rowed a skiff from Buf- falo, bringing with them such household goods as they could make room for in one small boat. For his settlement he selected the Southeast portion of the tract on the East side of the River, to which he removed with his family in 1825, and where he resided until his death, which occurred March 6, 1845. His widow, Mrs. Eleanor Prentice, survived him about 10 years. Frederick, a son of Joseph Prentice by a second marriage, was born at Port Ijawrence December 6, 1822, and was 13 years old when his father died. He had been brought up without education, save what his mother gave him, there being no Schools nearer than the River Raisin and Fort Waj'ne ; yet he became an enterprising, energetic business man. After his father's death, the support of the family de- volved on him. He had been brought up among the Indians, an Indian woman having been his OREGON TOWNSHIP. 855 nurse, and lie had acquired a better knowled£;e oftlie Indian language than of the English. Me tiieretore became an interpreter for Indian Agents and traders, which, with hunting and fishing, enabled him to .siip|M)rt the fiimily lom- tbrtabiy. Heeontinued in this occupation until he was 18, when he engaged in the business of su|)pl3'ing the Toledo market and the Itiver Steamboats with wood, and in getting out ship and building timber. In 1849 he built a Steam Saw mill on the East side, just below Bridge Street, which he operated for a number of years. He made extensive purchases of wild lands in Oregon Townshiji, taking off the timber and selling in limited tracts to actual settlers; and while making the business profitable to himself, hastened the development of that portion of the county. In 1857 he met with financial reverses which compelled him to compromise with his creditors. Since then he has had a varied experience of losses and success ; has made a good deal of money and spent a good ileal. His home now is in IS^ew York City. Ivuther Whitmore, with hisfamily of six chil- dren, came from Worcester County, Massachu- setts, and in April, 1825, settled in Wood County, spending the first year on the East bank of the Maumee, opposite Turkey Foot Rock. In 1820, moved to the Vance farm; in 1827, to the Kee farm, at Fort Meigs ; in 1828, to Marengo; and in 1829, to River Tract No. 84, where Luther Whitmore, Jr., now lives. The six children were: Leonard, Mary Ann, Luther, Betsey B., Walters, July Ann (so named from having been born on the 4th of July, while her parents were temporarily so- journing in Canada). The oldest (Ijconard) was married with Mary Jenison, daugiiter of Victor Jenison, who settled in Perrysburg in 1818. The children of Victor Jenison were Nathaniel, Martha, George, Jeru.sha, Charles v., Mary (Mrs. Leonard Whitmore), Olive (widow ofO. G. Howland), Frances, Calista, Harriet (Mrs. L. B. Ciunnj and llalph. Charles v., Olive, Harriet and Kalph arc living in East Toledo. Charles V. Jenison built the first Steam Saw- mill in the Township, on the River bank, on the old plat of " Oregon," in 1836-7, and fur- nished the plank for the first bridge built across the River, at Maumee. In 1837 Mr. Jenison built the Scliooner ( )ttawa, which i8still,or has been until 0. JAMES WRIGHT is a son of Thomas and Sarah (Kims) Wright, and was l)orn at Stony Stratford, Buckinghamshire, England, August 20, 1820. His father was for manj- years en- gaged in Hardware trade, but such was his firjancial condition, that the son was early obliged to begin the liattle of life on his own resjionsibility. His School privileges were very moderate. While yet a mere boy, he en- gaged to work a farm, but was speedily attracted to Gardening, which he studied with much care, and as to which he gained much knowl- edge which in after life became very valuable to him. In 1860, having by economy and care, accumulated the requisite means, Mr. Wright left England for the United States, and came to Toledo. There he was for three years engaged in tile-draining. In 1863 he purchased in Oregon Township three acres of land upon which he now resides. The condition of the property was by no means assuring for use of Gardening, being wet and unpromising. But under his intelligent management, it grad- ual!}' advanced in condition, until it became one of the mo.st fertile and productive Gardens in the County. By irrigating and draining, he year by j-ear improved the land, meantime making its products pay cost and profits. It is now sate to state, that no tract of land of equal extent in this region, has been as carefully or as successfully managed, as has that. Wells for watering in dry weather, and tiling for drainage in wet weather, together with judi- cious treatment of the soil in cultivation, have steadily developed it to its present remarkable condition. For many years past, the cash sales of products from these three acres have amounted to §1,000 annually Subsequent to his original purchase, Mr. Wright added two acres to his Garden tract, on the opposite side of the road, to which two acres more have since been added — making seven in all — the entire tract now being in the highest state of cultivation. He was among the first Gardeners in this part of Ohio to produce Celery for market, in which ho has been specially successful, his product being generally and well known for its superior qualities. His success in life has been due to his consciencious regard for honesty in deal or to the intelligent, persistent adherence to fixed methods and industry in the pursuit of his business. Mr. Wright was married with Jane Entwislle, in Liverpool, England, in 1845. They had six children, of whom five are now living — four sons and one daughter. The mother d3-ing, Mr. Wright was married with Ann Baines, in England, August 25, lS()0,they having one son and two daughters. TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. The oldest records of the Township have been lostj and there are now none extant previous to November 10, 1846. At that date George D. Treat was Township Clerk by a]i- poiittment of the Board of Trustees, consisting of Elijah J. Woodruff and Gabriel Crane. From the Township records and those of the Board of Education, we are able to furnish the follow- ing list of Township officers : Clerks — Leonard AVhitmore, 1837-41 ; Gabriel Crane, 1841-46; George D.Treat, 1846; Charles Brown, 1847-48 ; George D. Treat, 1848-50 . Oliver Stevens, 18.50; George D. Treat, 1851 ; Ezra Howland, 18,52-04; Henry L. Phelps, 1804; Sylvester A. Brown, 1865; James C. Messer, l,S6()-69 ; Thomas Crofts, l.S()9-73 ; James C. Messer, 1873-76 ; DeWitt Hicks, 1876 ; Jacob Brand, 1877 ; James C. Meisser, 1877-SO ; D. W. Ma- ginnis, 18S0 82 ; Alfred Yenger, 1882-87; N. M. Mes- ser, 1887. Treasurers — James Maddocks, 1843-46; William Prentice, 1846-55; Alonzo Rogers,. ]8.55-o7; Oliver Stevens, 1857; John Consaul, 1857-60; Sylve.ster Brown, 1S60-66 ; Charles A. Crane, 1866-69; James C. Messer, 1869-71; Wesley Hicks, 1871-73; Thomas Crofts, 1873 ; AMctor Metzg'er, 1877-80 ; Wesley Hicks, 1.S80-82; George Gladieux, 1882-86; Victor Metzger, 1886; Gottleib Yohlin, 1887. Trcstees— Elijah J. Woodruff, Gabriel Crane, 1846; Elijah J. Woodruff, Gabriel Crane, John Con- saul, 1847 ; Asa W. Maddocks, Gabriel Crane, E. J. Woodruff, 1848 ; John Brow^n, E. J. Woodruff, Ga- briel Crane, 1849; Orlin Phelps, E. J. Woodruff, Ga- briel Crane, 1850-52 ; Oliver Stevens, John Consaul, Gabriel Crane, 1852; Oliver Stevens, Gabriel Crane, Alonzo Rogers, 18.53-.55 ; Charles A. Crane, William W. Consaul, Sylvester Brown, 18.55-57; Charles A. Crane, William W. Consaul, Luther Whitmore, 1857; William W. Consaul, Augustus Brown, Horace How- land, 1858 ; Charles A. Crane, Horace Howland, Syl- vester Brown, 1859; Peter B. Porter, Wesley Hicks, James C. INIesser, 1860 ; James C. Messer, Weslev Hicks. Michael Debolt, 1861-63; Wesley Hicks, Da- rius Blandin, Michael Debolt. 1863 ; Charles A. Crane, James Ridcout, A. Benedict, 18()4 ; J. L. Wynn, Charles A. Crane, Albert Rovce, 1865 ; J. L. Wynn, Wesley Hicks, Frederick Bayer, 1866; Peter B. "Por- ter, Albert Royce, Jacob Lungendolph. 18()7 ; Edward Burt, James Crofts, Gilbert Bartley, 1868-70; Charles A. Crane, James Crofts, William W. Consaul, 1870; Charles A. Crane, Wm. E. Cummings, C. F. Roberts, li)7VU i I '^ OREGON TO WNSnil'. 857 1871 ; Charles A.Crane, Cutler F. Roberts. James Crofts, 1872; George J. Miller, Gilbert C. Hartley, F,2, when some believed that an Indian outbreak was about to occur, and considerable excitement prevailed along the Maumee. It took but a few days, though, to allay the fears, as the report was plainly false. For several years following 1816, Peter Manor and fiimily were the only permanent white settlers in the territory now embraced in Prov- idence Township. Mr. Manor gained the good will of his Indian neighbors and was a trusted and respected character among them. He withstood alone for years the terrible hardships and privations of pioneer life, displaying all the courage and fortitude required of those early pioneers who struggled to render the wild and trackless wilderness the abode of a civilized and prosperous people. As a signal mark of the favor in which he was held by the Indians, he was adopted as a son by an Ottawa Chief named Tondaganie, and given the name of Saw- endibans, or the "Yellow Hail-." In conse- quence of this relationship to the Ottawas, he was in 1827 granted by the Government a section of land containing 643 acres, located about the center of the Southern part adjoining the Maumee River of the three-miles square ceded to the United States in 1807 by the treaty made at Detroit. Following is a copy of this deed, now in possession of Francis Manor: The United States of Amekic.v. To all to whom these presents shall come, Greeting: Know Ye, That PRO] 'IDENCE TO WNSHIP. 859 in pursuance of the eiglith article of tlie Treaty made and concluded at the Foot of the Rapids of the Miami of Lake Krie, bi tween Lewis Cass and Duncan McArthur, Conmnssioners of the United States, with the full |)ower and authority to hold conferences and conclude and sign a treaty or treaties with all or any of the Nations orTrilies of Indians within the hiiun- daries of the .State of Ohio, of and concerning all matters interesting to the United States and the said Nations of Indians, of the one part ; and the Sachems, Chiefs and Warriors of the Wyandot, Seneca, Dela- ware, Shawanee, Poitawatamee, Ottawa and Chip- pewa Tribes of Indians: there is granted by the United States unto Sa\ven-di-bans, or the Yellow- Hair, or Peter Minor, an adopted son of Ton-dag-a-nie, and to his heirs, out of the tract reserved by the Treaty of Detroit in 1807, above Roche de Bouef, a section of land containing li4o acres, on the North side of the Miami River, at the Wolf Rapids, bounded and described as follows, to wit: Beginning at aW. Oak 16 inches in diameter, on the North bank of the Miami River, from which a W. Oak 10 inches in diameter bears Noilh 45 degrees West, distant four links; thence North 80 chains to a post, from which a W. Oak l!0 inches in diameter bears North 10 de- grees "West, distant 23 links, and au Elm 10 inches in diameter bears South 25 degrees East, distant 50 links ; thence East 80 chains to a post from which a W. Oak 20 inches in diameter bears North 88 degrees West, distant 68 links ; thence South 88 chains and 00 links to a post on the North bank of the Miami River ; thence up the River with the meander thereof to the place of beginning. To have and to hold the said tract with the appurtenances unto the said Sa- wen-di-bans or the Yellow Hair or Peter Minor, and to his heirs forever ; but never to be conveyed by him or his heirs without the permission of the Presi- dent of the United States. In testimony w'hereof, I, John Quincy Adams, President of the United States, have caused these titles to be made patent, and the seal of the General Land Oliice to be hereunto affixed. . — ' — . Given under my hand at the City of Wash- i <^ »r \ ington, the 2-lth day of November, in the I '"^'^^- ) year of our Lord 1827, and of the In- — . — ' dependence of the United States the 52d. 15y the President, J. Q. Adams. Henry Clay, Secretary of State. Betvreen 1827 and 1832, a portion of land, consisting of 317 acres, adjoining the above deeded tract on the North was ceded to Mr. Manor, by a similar grant. The only descend- ant of Peter now living on this reserve, which included the site of Providence Village, is Francis Manor. About 1828 there were living on the same tract or in tiie immediate neigh- borhood, several White families, who came there a few years alter Mr. Manor's settlement. From the best information to be obtained, they settled here in the oi'der nametl — William Ewing, Xenophon Mead, James Hartwell, John tialloway, Benjamin Atkinson, Charles Mc- Karn, A. B. Mead and Philip C. Mosher. In 1835 the plat of gound on which Providence Village was located was laid out by Peter Manor in 80 Village lots with five Streets, named Main, Spring, Ford, Center and West. The name of the Village of Providence, subse- quently given to the Township, is said to have been ado|)led at tlie suggestion of Peter Manor. Among the first purchasers ol lots were George Gale, John E. Hunt, A. B. Mead and Robert J. Forsyth. At this time this location was con- sidered most favorable, and lots were readily sold to enterprising men. The first store was erected in 1835 by A. B. Mead, followed by the erection of two more soon after by J. B. Abele and Neptune Near- ing, (the latter the fatiier of Mars Nearing, now of Toledo). A Mr. Phillij)s built the first hotel, and before the year IS.'JO had closed. Providence had all the evidences of commercial growth of a thriving Village. Stores, hotels and warehouses were rapidlycompleted to sup- ply the demands of business. It became the stopping place for traders and travelers on their way to the great West. The mode of travel at that early date was largely by water ; yet very many emigrants were making their way West with ox-teams, while others traversed the whole distance from the seaboard on foot. To accommodate these travelers, as early as 1840 five hotels had been built in Providence, while four general stores did a lucrative busi- ness. Another source of prosperity w-as in trade in fur and timber found in abundance in the surrounding country. The building of the Miami and Erie and AVabash Canals was another cause of spasmodic growth. But the building of Eailroads turned the tide of trade to other localities; and as the trade in furs and timber declined, the life and prosperity of Providence Village began to go down as fast as they came uj). Business men left for other places more favorable. An extensive fire in 1846 destroyed the principal business portion of the Village, which never was re- built. The Cholera scourge of 1854 was par- ticularly severe in Providence, a lai-ge portion of the pojjulation dying of this disease. After this period, lots began to be vacated ; and to-day, where once was a thriving Village, is nothing but farming lands. The onl}' structure remaining of the original buildings is a portion of a brick residence now occcupied by Elias Oberlj-, formerly the residenceot Peter Manor. Providence Village, particular!}', of all the points along the River, had the reputation of being a very bud jslace, and this reputation perhaps was not undeserved. Fights and drunken carousals were of frequent occurrence, while if the opinion of those familiar with its history during the period of its greatest pros- perity, is to be believed, it was the resort of criminal classes from not only along the Mau- mee, but from the State of Michigan. Churches. — Until the erection of St. Joseph Catholic Church in 1845, no regular house for religious worship existed in Providence Township. Prior to that date, Protestant and •Catholic services were held in jirivate dwel- lings or in the District School House, and were conducted by traveling Ministers or Priests, or by some of the religiously inclined settlers. HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Sabbath Schools were lield many j'ears before the establislimeut of Churches. The lirst Church erected in Providence Township was St. Patrick's Catholic Church. The plat upon which it stands was in the re- serve of Peter Manor, by whom it was deeded to John Buptiste Purcell, Bishop of the Diocese of Ohio, in January, 1845. The same year the Church now standing was erected. It is now said to be the third oldest Church in the Dio- cese of Cleveland. The first Priest was Eev. J. Maloney, who remained in that position until 1863. He is now Pastor of St. Malachi Church of Cleveland. Father Maloney was succeeded by Reverend J. M. Putz, who re- mained two years. Since then the following Priests have oificiated : 1865-68, N. A. Moas ; 1868-9, Daniel O'Keefe; 1870-77, H. D. Best; 1877-83, H. Kalapp; 1883:85, George Leening. The present Priest, John McGrath, was ap- pointed in 1885. The first Protestant Church was organized in 1866, as a Union Church. A Church edifice was erected near the School House in District No. 4. It was destroyed by fire some years since. No regular Minister was stationed there, the pulpit being occasionally supplied by Min- isters from adjacent sections of the country. The same is true of the Salem Church, erected in 1868. The Methodist or United Brethren Church, was mainly organized through the efforts of Rev. James White, of Providence, who ever since has most of the time ofiieiated as Pastor. St. Malachi's German Reform Church was erected in 1877, but has never had a regularly installed Pastor. The Christian Church at Neapolis, with the largest membership of any Church in Provi- dence, was organized in June, 1874, as the re- sult of the labors of Rev. O. J. Britton, in tlie interest of District No. 2, of the Christian Church of Ohio. Mr. Britton soon after re- moved to Neapolis, and has since made it his permanent residence. The original members of the Church were J. A. Fair, Richard Wal- lace, A. R. Meredith, Emily Wallace, Lyilia Fair, Jennie Wallace, Mary F. Meredith, Thomas P. Conrad and Sally Meredith, Wil- liam Miller, Albert and Irvin Pratt, and Lou. Noble. The Church edifice (the largest in the Township) was not completed until 1880. Meantime services were held in the School House. Rev. O. J. Britton has served as Pastor since the organization of the Church. The present membership is about 00. The Protestant Methodist, or more commonlj- known as the " Mount Pleasant Church," was erected in 1882. It is located in Section 5. All of the foregoing Protestant Churches have Sunday Schools connected Avith them. Schools. — The first Public School House in Providence was ei-ected in 1828, on the Eastern portion of the Peter Manor Reserve, near the present School building in District No. 1. It was a log structure, and though for years unused, is still standing. Prior to the establishment of this School, traveling peda- gogues during the Wintei' months visited this locality and gave private instruction at the houses of their patrons. The first School Teacher employed was Martha Karns, in 1828. School Houses were erected in the Towushi]> as rapidlj^ as required to meet the wants of an increasing population, although it is impos- sible to ascertain the exact date of the organi- zation of the separate Districts. In 1868 there were six School Houses in the Township, ei-ected in the order numbered. At this date the number of children of school age in each District was as follows: District One, 50; Two, 73; Three, 92: Four, 78; Five, 47; Six, 11— a total of 351 in the Township. Since 1868 three additional School Districts have been es- tablished as follows: District No. 7, in 1873 ; No. 8, in 1874; and No. 9 in 1885. Cyrus H. Coy, of Toledo, began his active life in 1835, as clerk in thestoreof A. B. Mead, at Providence. He also taught School in dif- ferent Districts in that region, the same being held in log-houses without chimneys, the daily Winter sessions closing with getting in the great back-log and starting anew the fire in the broad fire-place without jam or mantle. ORGANIZATION OF TOWNSHIP. Providence was organized as a Township and became a part of Lucas County June 6, 1836. Its boundary at this date is described as fol- lows: On the South, by the Southern line of the County; on the East by the line of Section 26 in Towns 6 North and 9 East; on the North by the North line of said survej-ed Town No. 9, and on the West by the West line of the County. Its area is about 28 square miles. The first Township election was held at the house of Peter Manor, July 30, 1836. P. C. Mosiier and Xenophon Mead acted as Clerks, and Peter Manor and Thomas Rogers as Judges. 'J'he highest number of votes cast for any one candidat(^ was 15. The following officers were chosen : Trustees, Drake Taylor, Benjamin At- kinson and Xenophon Mead ; Clerk, William Ewing; Treasurer, Norman MeatI; Fence View- ers, George Hale and J. Diefendeitt'er; Poor Masters, Hiram Tuboo and John Feagles; Con- stables, Joseph Ilartwell and Peter Manor. Some of these oflicers neglecting to quality, their places were filled by the Trustees, as liil- fows: Drake Taylor, Treasurer; Peter Manor and John Galloway, Poor Masters; and Cliarlcs McKarns t'onstable. At the Presidential election held November 4, 1836, when perhaps nearly all the electors voted, the following names appear on the poll list: Hugh Arbuckle, Andrew Elsey, John Feagles, John Ilartwell, X. Mead, William Ewing, John Galloway, Peter Manor, Davitl Blanchard, Henry Galloway, Samuel Cable, PROVIDENCE TOWNSHIP. mi A. B. Mead, Elani Locke, John Goss, Peter Manor, Jr., Jolin .1. Yagoi-, Wni. L. Belliiiffor, Jolin Stout, Sr.,Fi-ancis Manor, Francis Yajfcr, Peter Yai^er, John Berlin, Lovott (iihsim, I'hiiiii C. Mosliei', Oral (Joiyer, Samuel .Miner, (Jeorije JIaie, and William Petti iiici'i'. Althousrh no recoi-tl of the niuuherol' while persons residing iii the 'l\i\vnshi]> at this time exists, it is rea- sonable to presume liiat it did not exceed 200. At an election held December 17, l.S:i(;, William Ewing was elected the first Justice of the Peace, i-eceiving all the votes cast. The electors voting at this time wore; Xenophon Mead, Benjamin Atkinson, Peter Manor, Francis Manor, Charles McKarns, Phili]) C Mosher, A. B. Mosher, A. B. Mead, John (Jalloway, Samuel Miner, Peter Miner, George Hale, Nor- man Mead andAVilliam Ewing. From the United States census of 1850, \\v, learn the pojuilation then was 4(!S. In ISGO it had increa.'?ed to (i'JO ; in 1S70, to St)3 ; and in 18S0, to l,lti4. The number of electors voting in 1885 was 22G. The total ass(^ssable valuation in the Town- ship (real and personal) in 18.'!7, was $12,108, divided as follows : lOUD acres of land, $4,200 ; Town lots, $5,073; 35 horses, $1,400 ; 22 head of cattle, $170; 1 pleasure carriage, $30 : nier cantile capital, $1,320. In 188G the assessable valuation was $307, 040: number of acres, l(i,330. Following is a list of persons (axed ujion per- sonal ])roi)erty in Providence Township in the year 1838, with the character and assessed value ot the property taxed, to wit: HORSES AND CATTLE. .\tkinson. Benjamin, $ I l, James .MeKernon, Huuh Cole, Jueol) Ne.ss; 18.'iAsame; IWS, I'atriek Binl, Patrick ifnik-lev, Jacob Xcss: IS.'il, lieorge Atkinson, Oliver Brav. Jaroli Ncs,s ; INW, Ceorge .VlkinBon, James Bowenmin, .laeolj Ness ; IKVi. fieo. Atkinson, Lewis llaninili, Kmanuel Sluts; 18r.". James Koacii, Lewis Hannah, Geo Atkinson: IS.W, Isaac Lndwiu, Kmanuel Heller, Amos Perry; IS.V.1, Isaac dill, William Atkinson. Jame.s Hoach. Jr.: ISdil. David .McCulloiish, James Hutchinson, O. I>. Disher; 1H61, Unnmucl Heller, John Brown, Isaac Gill; l«(i2, same; 1HH:1, .Samuel Arliopist, Charles Kvan, Jeremiah .Sluts; imi4, David McCulloUKh, Jeremiah Sluts, Geo !■'. Black; 1865, \\illiam Atkinson, Kmanuel Heller, John Wilson; ISUe, Tlioina-S Atkinson, Emanuel Heller, Kmanuel I.ahr; 18117, John A. Uoaeh, Kmanuel Lalir, Jac"li Bo.x ; 18(18, O P. Heller, Joseph Kord, David .McCullouf,'h ; ISIlii Lsaacl.udwiK, Daniel Mninmieli, Kman- uel Heller; ;S70, H. B. Gray, David Walters, Peter Lahr; 1K7I. riuunas Lake. John liithiUK'er. John A. Gray; 1872, .Michael Ness, .Samuel S. Itoach, .Samuel Clucas ; 187:i, .Michael Ne.ss, Tho-s. A. Kiiukle. C. D. Disher; 1874, Aliram Miller, Jacob Heater, Kmanuel Lahr; 1S75, Ahram Miller. William Chanucll, T. P. Meredith ; 187(i, James Koaeh. Isaai' LiidwiK. liavid .MeCulloiii;h ; 1.S77, James Koach. Henry Keller, T. P. Meredith; l.s78, W. H. Kceler, Charles Koscli. Christian Disher; lS71t, David McCul- loiiuh, C. 1). Disher, Charles Koseh ; 18S0, Hcnrv Keller, J. A. Gray. S. P. Whitner ; 1881, Christian Disher, Uvi Perry, William Gill; 1.M82. James Crockett, W. 11. Keller, William Bo.\ ; ISs:), C. B. Demiith. James Crockett. G. W. cianlz; 1884, Samuel Clueas. W. II. Gray, C. I) Disher: WW, L. M. Heller, .Siniuel Clucas, W. H. Gray ; 1,SS6, C. D. Di ninth, C. Disher, Thonuus Gray. TKKASUKERS. 18,16-37, Drake Taylor ; 18:i8-3'.i, Neptune Nearing ; 1810, Isaac Barkheimer; 1841-42, X. Mead; 184:1-44, G. B. Ahele; 1&15, Francis .Manor; 1846, Patrick t;uiuley: 1847, Samuel Koaeh; 1818 49-511, G. B. Allele; 18.)1, S. B. Roach; 1852, .Samuel Koach ; ls.Vl-.'j4-.'>5, S. H. Stei'dmau : 1856-111, Henry .Strayer; 1862, George II. Piatt; 186), C. D. Disher; 1864 66, John Wilson ; 1867, Jacob Ness; 1868- 71, K. D. Gillett; 1872-73, Isaac Ludwig: 1S74, Johu A. Grav; 1S75, K. D. Gillett ; 1876-79, John Ryan ; 1880. S. B. Roach ; 1881- 86, Johu Wilsou. JUSTICES OK THE PEACE. 1836-37, William Ewing: 1838-30, Philip C. Mo.sher : 1841). Benjamin -Vtkinson ; 1841, P. C. Mosher ; 1842, P. B. Brown ; 1843" 47, G. W. Walker; 1848, .lames Lyons; 184'J, Levi Perrv ; 18,'i0-,52' (J. W. Walker ; 1853, Patrick Quiglev ; 1854, David Dean ; 18.-.5-58' Jeremiah Atkinson; 185S-61, John Wilson; 1862-6.5. Oliver P- Heller, 1865-68, James White; 1868-71. John Rvau ; 1871-74. Michael Ne.ss; 1874-77, W. H. Keeler: 1877-80, O. P.'Heller; ItSO" 83, A. U. Liudley ; 1883-86, Michael Ness. TOWNSHIP CLERKS. 1836-39, Xenephon Mead: 1840, Alonzo Dee; 1841, Leonard Di.\ ; 1842-43, Norman Mead ; 1844, Thomas lirophv ; 1845, .Samuel G. Koach; 1846, Mathias Campbell; 1847-48, Norman Mead; 1849-50, H. P. Taylor; 1851, G. B. North: 1852, Thomas Brophv ; 185:3-58, I. F. Gillett: 1859, Levi Koach; 1860. James Sluts: 1S61, George Long, 1862-64, J. M. Adair: 1865, I{. C. quiggle; 1866, Levi Roach ; 1867, Levi Perry: 1868-71, Levi Roach; 1872, James Pollock ; 1873-74, Levi Roach ; 1876, Tliomas J. Lake : 1877, Ahram Fridegar: 1878-79, J. S. Miller; 1880, Uvi Koach; 1S81, Robert Place; 1882, Levi Roach ; 1883. T. A. Pollock ; 1881, Levi Roach ; 18 J85ames Pollock ; 1886, G. H. Clanta. ORIGINAL LAND ENTRIES. From the records in County Eecorder's office has beeu compiled the following statement ot original entries of lands in Providence Town- ship, showing the location, name of jiurchascr, date of purchase and acres jiurchased ; RANGE NINE, TOWN FIVE. s 1 Friwtion. Purchaser. 1 i 4 Whole fractional - Miclmel Shields A. 11. Lansdale Levi Keinluirt ami John Hucon A. U. l-aiisiliile Keinluirt and Hacon. I'atrick (.JuigU'y Win. lUirbin and K. M.' Shoemaker l.S-12 1842 1842 1812 18-12 1842 1844 ,52 57 5 5 N W J^NEJi S W J4 N E^ 40 5 NWJ^NW}^ S W V-i N W k 40 •19.76 49 76 5 6 SJ^S WM 46.48 46.86 KANoe NINE, TOWN SI.V. SE^NW^i.. N frac. N W Ji. Samuel Garnett John ^ Norton & Tavlor.. S i^S E K 'Norton &Tavlor.. EK> S E H >! E!4 and S W Geo. Ramer and AUi- UXW'X son Oberly.... E pt. S E H & N ^ N W J^ John R. Osborn EK,S\VJ4 ■ • WHS WM NE MKEJ4 W V> S E M & 8 E Ji S E 14 E^S \V% SEJiNEJi wx N w a EWN WJi N WM SEM S)^ SE ^ NWKNWM SWM N Vf % NEi^N W14 N W J4 Ei-^ andEJ^S WJi NWfrac. H S W k SE a S>iS W frac. M Ei^SEM N W J4 N W % SW J^N WK N W 5i,_„ NEJ4S WV-— N W 14 s W X-- S W 14SW J^ .... EHS WK N W 14 N W 14 . Ki^N W34 N KN EJi .... SKNEJi EHS EH- N ^ N " ■ ■ ,- EH S!4NEJi N WW WUSEVi N W >i S E^ s w 1^ s vfH SEfrac. H8EJi N E 14 N W « and S W «-N WJ, SEWN W J4 N W3iN W K W^SWM S EJ4N eV NE^SEJi S WiiSE!4 SE "i SE H W«S W>4„_ SE14SW V A. F. Norris Joseph E. Hall — John M. Meyer, Jr. -. Charles Crile Thos. S. Shoemaker. Conret Fulcot George Sehnable James Craven John Carter Wm E. Hedges Joseph Rochte Samuel Harrington. James Van Orden... I)aTid Lucas .\bel T. Norris Robt. McCargen Hall J. P. Chambers.. Benj. W. Mann.. Mary Stephenson Rachel H. Van Meter Robert .\ckland Alonzo Crosby I>aae M. North J. D. Chambers O. R. Crosby Wm. Lynafoos Edwin Lloyd John Lloyd E. S, Frost or Wm, Roush... George Height John Rnthinger Wm. Kimber Joel Myers Daniel Whistler Robert Wilson Samuel Harrington.. Wm. Limbrick Andrew Long JohnC, Allen Jeremiah M. Jackson A. 1). SchoU John Morgan NEJ4SEJ4— NE14S Wli.. N W!^8 W«. NEXNWJ4. S W JiS Wi^.. SE W N W 1^.. N W VN W a SEJ^SEK- — N E Ji N E K and S W 14 N N wld'NEid liU&^H N W frac. ^ S W )i . S H N W }i. NEW NEJlS Wii. w ii s WM.; S W !4 S fi^ and S W X S WH EUSEJi N BUS WW.. s w a N W M . SEH E H s W M Patrick Bird R. I). Gillett Thomas H. Phillips. Edwin Fuller.- Humphrey Karns... Olin Pray .\mbrose Pray Amy Jane Fray Ambrose H. Pray... Orlando Champion. Reuben Hall Humphrey Karnes. Abraham Miller Levi Perry Henry Strayer Balzer Sheets Levi Perry Solomon Allen Adam King , Barnhart King Matthew Logan... Noble Jelferson,. John Close __ Henry Cratt Wm. R. Maderia. Patrick Quigley.. r.^a n >4 S W 14 and N W Jii S E frac. M Npt. N Efrac S pt. frac Peter Williams Wm. C. Hedges ... Humphrey Karnes.. Emanuel 'Heller Michael Shellay A. J. Dickinson Benjamin Atkinson. Philip Cripliver Jacob Mdiuilling... 1848 1848 1853 1853 1850 1848 1852 185S 1849 1849 1842 1843 I86S 1842 1842 1844 1842 IS 42 1842 1850 1842 1844 1850 1850 1850 1 819 1849 1849 1812 1842 1S4S 1842 1842 1848 1844 1842 1844 iSH 1842 1844 1848 1844 1844 1844 1842 1812 1825 18.50 1819 1849 1849 1849 1849 1849 1849 1849 1849 1848 1949 1852 1852 1852 1852 1852 1849 1849 1848 1846 1850 1846 1846 1862 1846 1849 1846 1849 1846 1842 1842 1S33 1833 57.07 80 160 160 80 40 200 80 40 80 80 IbO 100 40 80 40 40 160 400 137 40 69.96 80 40 4 160 40 120 40 40 80 40 80 80 80 80 80 85 160 80 40 80 2..5.'^ 80 40 40 80 40 40 40 40 80 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 80 30.08 89 .35..=.7 74.20 160 40 52.08 114.70 80 40 40 121.29 80 110.55 K6.40 W.IO Mail Facilities.— Prior to 1834, the settlers residino;in Providence received their mail from Maumee City, by carriers appointed by the Postmaster at that place. For man}- j-oars John Omen jierforined this service, going once a week on foot, through a region inhabited by Indians, and before any improved communica- tion existed. In 1835, a Post Office was es- tablished at Providence Village, which con- tinued to be the postal center of the surround- ing territory for many miles, until the Village was destroyed by tire. It was then removeil to a duelling near the Canal Lock, South of the Village. The first Postmaster at Providence was James Berlin. The office at the Lock was discontinued about 20 years ago, since which time the people in the Southern portion of Providence have received their mail at Grand Rapids, Wood County. The only Post Office now in the Township is located at Neapolis, and was established in 1872. The Postmasters have been : T. B. Meredith, Mrs. Jane Kennedy. R. B. Dutches; G. O. Coburn, Jolm Brown, and R. C. Roach. Until about 1840, no settlement had ever been made in Providence Township bej'ond a mile from the Maumee River. After that date settlers began to locate in the center and Northern portions of the Township. Among the first of tiiese pioneers were Van Rennselaer Crosby and Amos Perry. Mr. Crosby settled on Section 16 in 1840, when that entire portion of the Township was a wilderne.>s He died in 1872. He had five sons- Lewis, Darwin, David, Alonzo and Carlton, all of whom still reside in the Township. Joseph Ford settled on Section 9, in 1852. His son James Ford resides on his father's original purchase. Among the other early settlers were Leonard Kiintz, John Place, Levi Roach, Samuel S. Roach and James White. Neapolis. — The Village of Neapolis, in the Northwestern portion of the Townslnp,and on the Wabash Railroad, was founded in 1872, bj- J. 0. Arnold, William A. Barnettand Jackson Jordan, of Dayton, Ohio, who had purchased considerable land in that section. It has two stores, a Post Office and a population of about 100. Through the Northerly portion of the Town- ship runs the Wabash, St. Louis ami Pacific Railway; while the Southerly iiortion is traversed by the Toledo, St. Louis and Kansas City Railroad. Of the earlier pioneers of the lower Valley of the Maumee, the most prominent in history will be Peter Menard, or as more generally known, Peter Minor. The former seems to have been the original orthgraphy of his name, which wos French, and the latter the Anglacized form subsequently given it. No other resident of this Count}-, it is safe to say, jiassed through as many of the changing con- ditions and experiences of frontier life, as did PRO VI D RNCE TO WNSHIP. ■863 he. Coming Iutg from ranada in 1795 — the year following Wayne's groat and final victor^' over tlic Indians — ho was permitted to see the country opened to ''ivilization, settled by an energetic and intelligent population, and ile- veloped for the successful prosecution of all the plans and ]irocesse8 of modern enterprise and institutions. If " lifty years of Europe" he "better than a cj'cle of Catha\-," how much grander the changing .scenes and beneficent results of the half-century which Peter Minor (as we shall call him) spent in the Maumee Valley. He lived to see the plodding Canal Boat, laden with the products of domestic agriculture and the arts of peace, following quietly and undisturbed the path which once could be jiassed by white men only as Wayne's hosts passed over the route in 1794 ; and as Harrison made a similar trip about 19 j"ears later. The part he bore as the true friend of his ado|)ted country throughout the War of 1812-15, is referred to elsewhere. From the time of his ari'ival here until 1806, Minor's life was that of a trader, which brought him into the Valley from time to time, as business de- manded. At the latter date be took up perma- nent residence at the Foot of the Rapids, re- maining there until the breaking out of the War in 1812. Meantime, (in 1808) he had been formally adopted into the family of the Indian Chief Tondaganie (or the Dog), receiving the name, Sawen-de bans, or Yellow Hair. He ontei'od the service of the United States at the outset of the War, and acted as a scout for Gen. Winchester, being with that officer at the time of his great disaster at the River Raisin. After the surrender of Detroit by Gen. Hull, Minor returned to the Foot of the Rapids, where he made his home in a cabin upon the low lands between the site of the present bridge and the hill at South Toledo. Soon after his arrival there a party of Indians and British from Detroit visited the locality and plundered most of the setlers, but excepted Minor, on the as- sumption that be was friendly to the British. He then met the Delaware Chief Sacamanc, who, evidently upon like assumption as to his feelings, inlormeil him of the intention of the British and Indians to pass that localitj- on their way to Fort Wayne, Indiana, within two weeks, when it was pro])Osed to murder every Yankee to be found by thom. This timely information was at once communicated lo the settlers, who at first seemed incredulous as to the correctness of the statement. But the terrible truth was soon im])ressed upon them, when, in great haste they fled. Tlie hostile force carao, and Minor was pressed into service as guide. By feign- ing ignorance of the country and lameness, he Secured release at the head of the Ra])id8. At this time his family, consisting of a wile and son, were stop]>ingat the mouth of the Maumee River, with the A'avarres. ()ii his way to meet them, he was stopped at the mouth of Swan Creek (now Toledo) by Lieutenant Mills of the British Navy, the commander of several British Vessels of War then lying at that point, who made him a prisoner. After three days' con- finement and through the interposition of a friend, named Beaugrand, he was permitted lo visit his family anc^l to take them to River Raisin, where he remained until after Win- chester's defeat. In camping with two of the Nevarre brothers, he besought of Gen. Win- chester permission to go on a scouting expe- dition to Brownstown, in search of the British Army, but was denied such authority. It was Minor's subsequent belief, that the service pro- posed would have furnished Gen. Winchester with information which would have prevented the terrible disaster which followed so soon after the application to that officer, since, as afterwards learned, the British force was at that very time engaged in crossing the ice from Maiden. After the War, Minor re- turned to the Maumee Valley, which continued to be his residence until his death in 1847. He had little of the advantages arising in educa- tion ; but with an earnestness of purpose and many noble traits of character, he gained and held the respect of his acquaintances, and through the land-grant from the Government, he was provided with means for a comfortable living. Mr. Minor had seven children. Francis, the oldest, is the only one now residing in Lucas County. The remaining chihlren were Peter, born in 1814, and died in 1878 ; Joseph, now living in Allen (^"ounty, Indiana; Julia, of Do- fiance, Ohio; Lewis and Alexander, residing in California ; and John J., for manj' years a prominent citizen of Toledo, but lately re- moved to Kansas City, Missouri. 864 HISTOIiY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. RICHKIKLD TOWNSHIP. The Township of Richfield lies in the ex- treme Northwestern corner of Lucas County. Its area is about four and one-half by five miles, or some 22 sVjuaro miles. It is bounded on the East by .Sylvania; on the South by Sjiriiisrfieid ; on the West bj^ Fulton County (Amboy Township); and on theNorth by Len- awee County, Michigan. It is about 16 miles Northwest from Toledo. Jiichficld was originally ])art of Sylvania and S]iringfield Townships, organized under the name of Sylvania, April 2, 1838, from which it was set off April G, 1840, by order of County Commissioners. The Township is among the richest farming sections in Northwestern Ohio, being a rich clay loam, and clay and sand mixed with gravel. While most of the crops usually grown are cultivated successfully, the princijml pro- ducts are wheat, corn, hay and oats. TheSouthern partof the Township is watered by Sugar Creek, and the Northern by Ottawa River or Ten -Mile Creek. The po];)ulation is mostly American born, except a German settlement in the Southern part of the Township. EARLY SETTLE.ME.\T. The earliest settlers within the boundaries of the Township were Lucian B., Araunah and Plin3'' Lathroji (the last named being one of the first Trustees of Sylvania Township), James Farlej-, W. R. Cole, Isaac Washburn; Jacob Wolfinger, David Hendrick.son and Joseph Smith, the}' locating there between 1834 and 1838. Of these, James Farley, Isaac Wash- burn, Joseph Smith and David Hcndrickson, are now (1888) in the Township. W. R. Cole migrated to Texas in 1868, and Lucian B. La- throp died in May, 1866; Araunah Lathrop died in March, 1870 ; Pliny Lathrop died in August, 1881, and Jacob Wolfinger died December 13, 1857. David Hendrickson, Jacob Wolfinger and Pliny Lathrop can justly claim the honor of being the first white settlers, all coming to the Township in 1834, and locating, respectively, in the centre. Southern and Northern parts of the present boundaries. The only surviving one, David Hendrickson, came from Broome County, New York, with horse and wagon in 1834. At that time there were no roads, and from thi-ce to five miles per day was considered " rapid transit," by way of Buffalo, Cleveland and Fre- mont, to Perrysburg. Fording the Maumee River at or near the Rapids, they lollowed an Indian trail through where now is Holland, finall}- driving his stake near the centre of the Township, where he is now living at a rij>e old age, the only survivor <»f llic ihree pioneer settlers. Jacob Wolfinger came from Bucks ConnU-, Pennsylvania, settling in IMchficId in .May, 1834. Of his family (seven girlsand four hovs) four are tiovv living — Mrs. .Vmamla Ilarroun, Mrs. I^ydia Bayliss, and Jonas Wolfinger, in Richfield; and Philip llarpel Wolfinger, in Iowa. Mr. Wolfinger put up the first loi;-house, on Section 26, in 1834, although at about the same time Col. Ijucian B. Lathro)» erected one on Section 3, which was occupied bv Pliny Iju- throp until the Spring of 1835. Hisson, Jacol) M. Wolfinger (horn November 6, 1834, and died Se|)tember 29, lS5;i), was the first white child born in the settlement, and from his famil}- was the first death in the Township (Rebecca Wolfingei'), who died in September, 1S35. Isa:ic Washburn, who came to the Townshiji from Vermont in 1834, is referred to else- where. Lucian B. Lathrop, in 1837, erected the first frame barn, and was closely lollowed by Pliny Lathrop, in 1838, with the first frame houses in the Township. Brick did not seem to be used for building purposes until 1874, when Joseph Miller put up the first brick house. The first clearing was done by Wolfinger and Lathroji in 1834. It consisted of about 15 acres, which was then put into wheat. Jacob Wolfinijer planted the first orcharcl (of apples and peaches), in 1837. James Farle\' lirouglit in the first improved stock in 1854 ; and Charles Ford the first mowing machine, in 1860. The first store in the Township was oj)encd by Henry King, in 1870 ; and the first Black- smith Shop by Charles C. Welch, in 1843. The first I'hj-sician was Dr. M. M. Mason, who located himself there in 1840. The first religious discourse delivered in the Townshiji was by Rev. A. H. Cole, in 1835, he being an itinerant Missionary of the Bajitist Church. The first Public Road in the Township was the "Old Territorial Road" from Toledo to Angola, Indiana, wliicli was opened through Riclifield in the Winter of 1834-5. The only roads besides this, for manj' years, consisted of Indian trails and " cow-paths," as convenience required for intercourse between the settlers. Two grave yards were dedicated in the Town- ship in 1835— the one on Section 9, and the other on Section 35. The first School-house was a rough log structure, built on the old Territorial Road, in Section 9, near Berkey's Corners, during the year 1837, the first teacher being Francis Smith, who, during the Winter of 1837-8. re- ceived as com])cnsation, ''forty dollars for two RICIIFIKI.U TOWNsmi'. 8(55 inontli's sorvicus, lie toliDunl liiinsolf." Amoiiij thy early piqiils calleil to iiiind by one of tliom, were J.oroiizo, Ijutlier, Miles, 3I:iiy Ami, A/.ro, Cliirlc anil Susan Ijallirf)|i; Daviil, •liinatliaii, Douglass and William Samlci'son ; l",liza Ann, J.ouisa, l\li/,at)etli ami Alvin Wood; Harriet, Eliza, llenr\' and Norton FulUr; and Lyman l?oot. 'riicre arc now in the Township six substan- tial School houses, the J)istriets being occupied and buildings first erected on llieni as follows : Second — On Section 17, near Ijenderson's Cor- ners, 1843; Third- On Section 20, in 1845; Fourth -On Section 5, in 185(1; Fitth — On Section 22, in 1851 ; Sixth — On Section 14, in 1887. In Se]iteniber, 1884, the Sclun)l enumeration for the several Districts was as follows: District No. 1 Mnhs. •1 35 :i A?, 4 IS 5 3(i I.V.I Femnlcs. Tulnt. 21 4S 4!) >S4 40 83 47 83 172 The Township records show, that at a meet- ing t)f the (jualitied electoi-s of the Township ot llichtield, in the County of Lucas, and State of Ohio, held pursuant to the County Commis- sioners' notice, on the first Monday in April, 1840, at the house of Willard S. Fuller, for the purjiose of organizing the Township of Hich- field, ]iroceeded between the hours of 8 and 11 A. M. to choose, viva voce, John All, William Taylor and Willard S. Fuller, as Judges; and Aaron H. Cole and Samuel Coleman, as Clerks of Election. The following named persons were elected to the offices named : Township Clerk-Willard S. Fuller. Trustees ot" Township — Oliver Root, Jacob Wol- linjrer, Benjamin Fairchild. Treasurer — Aaron H. Cole. Constables — lacob All, Araunah Lathrop, David Hendrickson. Overseers of Poor— Eli Munson, Pliny Sanderson. Fence Viewers— John All, William Taylor; David Hendrickson. Supervisors of Highways— Arunah Lathrop, Wm. Tunison. Charles Courson. jlpn71S-tl. Clerk, Pliny Lathrop ; Treasurer, David Chute; Trustees. Lucian B. Lathrop, Williaui Taylor, Isaac Washburn. April, 1842. Clerk, Pliny Lathrop; Treasurer, David Chute; Trustees, Isaac Washburn, Sanford Hannah, William Taylor. April, 1S43. Clerk", Willard S. Fuller; Treasurer. James Farley ; Trustees, Lucian B. Lathro]!, Solo- mon Collins," David Chute ; Assessor. Darius Wvatt. April, 1844. Clerk, Willard S. Fuller; Treasurer, James Farley ; Trustees, Lucian B. Lathrop, Solo- mon Collins, Eli Munson. April, 1.S4.'). Clerk, Pliny Lathrop ; Treasurer, James Wood ; Tru.stecs, Isaac Washliuru, Pliny Sanderson, James Farley. April, lS4ii. CUrk. Henry IT. Fuller ; Treasurer, Isaac Washburn; Trustees, James Farley, Pliny Sanderson, Oristen Holloway. April, 1S47. Clerk, Henry II. Fuller; 'freasurer, Lucian B. l,athroi>; Tru.st4'es, Juna Hinnislon, Oliver Root. Truman (iordon. A/iril, 1.S48. Clerk, William W. Wilson ; 'freas- urer, James Wood; Trustees, Oliver Root, Wdliam McMillen, Jonas Wollintjer. April, 184".). Clerk, Solomon Collins; Treasurer, Isaac Washburn ; Trustees, Marcus Bennett, James Farley, .lonas WoHin^er. April. l.s.")(). Clerk, John (i. Klinck ; Treasurer, Lsaac Washburn ; Trustees, Charles C. Welch, Mar- cus liennett, Juna Humistnn. April, \s')]. C'lerk, John (i. Klinck; Treastn-er, Isaac Washburn ; Trustees, David llendrick.«on, (Iharles C. Welch, Marcus Bennett; Justice of the Peace, John O. Klinck. yl7)n7, 18.")2. Clerk, Henry M. Fuller; Treasurer, Solomon Collins; Trustees, William Patten, Araunah Lathrop, David Hendrickson. vl/inV, l.s,>!. Clerk, H. II. Fuller; Treasurer, Solomon Collins; Trusti'cs. .laiiu's Farley, Lsaac Washburn, William Patton. .'I;;r(7. l,S.'i4. Clerk. Henry , a lineal descendant of the first three oflicers. He re- signed in 1888, when W. H. Ostrandcr was ap- pointed. ■ The Postoffice at Ricbfiold Center was estab- lished in July, 1873, with Wm. II. Williams as Postmaster, who yet holds the office. Both Richfield Center and Bei'kej' receive the most of their mail matter from Sylvania, that being the nearest Railroad Station. The Mail Contractor is N. A. Richardson, who now makes the round trip of 28 miles every day in the year, except Sundays. At first the transmission of mail was irregular, and only once a week. Upon the opening of the of the Richfield Center office, in 1873, the service was increased to tri- weekly, continuing such until the s])ring of 1888, when it became six times a week. SCHOOLS. The first School-house erected in Richfield Township, was on the Southeast corner of Section 10. It was built in 1837, and was of logs. The second like building in that Township, was put up in 1843. It was of logs, and loca- ted on the East half of Southwest quarter of Section 4 The third School-house there, was built of logs in 1850, on the Southwest corner of the Southwest quarter of Section 20. The several Districts are now (1888) supplied with School-houses as follows :_ District No. 1. At Southeast corner of Southeast quarter of Section 3. It is of brick, and cost $2,000. District No. 2. Northeast corner of Section 18; of wood; cost, $1,200. District No. 3. Northeast corner of Section 29 ; of brick ; cost, $2,200. District No. 4. West half of East half of Southwest quarter of Section 23; of wood; co.st, $1,100. District No. 5. South half of Southwest quarter of Section 15; of brick; cost, $2,000. District No. 6. West quarter Northwest quarter Section 14; of wood; cost, $1,200. 868 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. ISAAC WASHBURN was among the very earliest oil lie settlers of IJichfield Townsliip who is tiow there closing a long, active and useful life. He was a son of Phineas and Sylvia (Wright) Washburn, and was born in Georgia, Franklin County, Vermont, August 10, 1811. His lather was eminently u laboring man, who sup])orted himself anil family by such cmplo}- m.ent as might be found in an agricultural region. The son's iSchool advantages were meagre, l)cing limited to such as the imperfect facilities of that locality then furnished, for which the father ])aid in tuition the full cost. From his 14th year, Isaac was self-sn])porting — working about the ncighboidiood, his wages, beyond the small demands for his clothing, being ))aid over as the just claim of his father. When 28 years of age, with the small accumu- lations of the two j-ears of his majority, he de- cided to make his way to the " Far VVe.st." Fortunate enough to get a team to drive as far as Western Now York, he thus made his wa}^, and thence by Canal passed on to Buffalo, where he took Steamer for Fairport, Ohio. From that place he proceeded to Madison, now- in Lake County. In September he resumed his Westward ji)urne3", in search of "cheap land." Taking Steamer at Cleveland, he passetl to San- dusky, wlience, b\- foot, he made the trip, via the Black Suani]) forests, to Perrysburg and Maumee. Here his attention was called to the lands in what is now IJiclificld Township, Lucas Count}-, but was then part of the disputed ter- ritory of Ohio and Michigan. Proceeding thence, he soon engaged to assist D. F. Stowe (subsequently a Jeweler at Toledo) in complet- ing his log-liousc. In October (1834) in con- nection with Lewis Roberts, he entered 80 acres of land in Section 15, Town 9, South of Range 5 East, for which they jointly paid the Govern- ment $10(1, which, after the' lapse of 54 years, 3'et constitutes his home at Richfield Center. lie was in Mr. Stowe's employ until Jul}', 1835, when he was jirostrated with fever and ague, which continued to unfit him for regular labor, until the disease was •' broken uj)" with quinine in the fall of 1837. What he passed through during these two years, none but those learning hy e.Kperience can ever know. Among the little labor performed in ISoti, was that be- stowed in getting out timber for the track of the Erie and Kalamazoo (now part of the Ijake Shore) Raili-oad, near what is Richards Station. During the fall of 1838, he was enableil to get in a "patch " of Winter wheat on his place; in the Spring of 1830, he commenced house- keeping in a log-cabin built by him and loc.ited a short distance South of his present dwelling. The heavy work of clearing was continued until a good farm was under siiecessfal cultiva tion. He earlj^ bought out his partner in the first purclia.se, and continued to add to the .same until ho had 500 acres of excellent land. Of this, 300 acres have been divided among his children. He has always stooil abreast the best and most successful farmers of that region ; but with the conditions of advancing age he has ])laced the home farm in the bauds of a son, though b}^ no means withdrawing from the farm labor which for GO years has been his life- work. Some 40 j-ears since, Mr. Washburn united with the Baptist Church, and has been actively identified with the Richfield Center Church since its institution in 1862, having been for several years pa.st a Deacon in the same. He has served several terms both as Trustee and Treasurer of Richfield Township, and otherwise been active in the ]iublic interests. Originally a "Henry Clay Whig" in politics, he acted with the Wliigs until the Republican party was organized, with which he has since co-opei'atcd. While earnest and read}^ in po- litical affairs, he has never sought personal advancement or gain through his action. Mr. Washburn was married in May, 1838, with Miss Mary Wolfinger, daughter of Jacob Wol- finger, whose was the first white family in Richfiehl Township. They had five children : Jannette, wife of John Shull, of Sylvania; Will am, who died in Government .service dur- ing the Rebellion; Aaron, now of Richfield; Kaziah, wile of Charles B. Howard, of Richfield, and Dwight 0., now on the homestead farm. The mother died in January, 1869. In Se])- teinber, 1870, Mr. Washburn was married with Mrs. Miranda, widow of Henry Fuller, and daughter ot Mowry Potter of Fulton County, a brother of Judge E. D. Potter of Toledo. JAMES FARLEY was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, in the year 1806. He is a son ot George and Jane (Wallace) Farley. His father was born in County Monaghan, and died in Tyrone uhile James was very j-oung. In 1816, with his mother, ho came to the United States, stopping first in Lancaster Count}', Pennsylvania. She died in Miffiin County, that State. In 1837, when 21 years of age, James came to Lucas County, and purchased 160 acres of land in Richfield Township. He at once began the active life of the pioneer, meet- ing the experiences common to such. From the first, he commanded the respect and con- fidence of his fellow-settlers, as he did of all whose acquaintance he made, whether in busi- ness or otherwise. In connection with relig- ious and moral intei-ests of the community, his name has been specially prominent; and it is safe to say, that no resident of Richfield has done more, by labors and infiuence, for the promotion of .sound public sentiment and religious instruction, than has he. The fact that the Methodist Episcopal Church in his neighborhood, has been almost from its start, known as the "Farley Church," is quite sig- nificant in this connection. His farm (now embracing 200 acres) has long been among the best in the Township, while he has been sue- im «^ ^a^ ^£.^m^ SPENCER TOWNSHIP. mo ccssful as stock raiser. Before com inc; to Ohio, Township, has been tlio lioiiio of Mr. J^athrop. Mr. Farley vva.s married with Kliza, (huightcr of Jir. Tjathrop was married with Louisa Tiittle, Daniel and Susan McMillen, who was born in Fairtiidd, Micliigan, February Id, IS.")!'.. April 2, 1814, ill Franklin, Lancaster County. They liave three children — Arlhur 15, Ix.rn I'ennsylvania. She u as of Scotch descent, and Se|)temher 27, IS.")!. ; Kd-jar B., lioi-n .Mairh IH. of Itevolutionary stock, her grandfathi'r, Wni. 18")!) ; and Alba A., boi-n A])rii 25, I8(il. McMillen, havinii; served with \Vashini,'ton AVil[,i.\.m 11. VV^ii.i.iams wa.s horn in 'J'ollaiid, tiinuij^hout the Revolution. Mr. Farley lias five Connecticut, October 8, 1817. His parents children -lour sons and one dauijhter. John, dyiiii; while lie was verj- young, he made liis bdi-ii July 25, 181)8, in Richtield, and is now in home with his grandparents, with wlioni he Toledo ; William, born Auu'ust 7, 18-10, is living came to Ohio in 18:5:!, and to .^laumee in Mai-cii, in liichfield; Daniel H., born December i:i 18:>4. With the exception of two \ ears ( 1849 1841, resides in Kiclifield ; Jane Ann, born to 1851) .spent in Georyia, Jjucas County has October 4, 1844. the wife of Thomas Taylor, of been his homo since his arrival 54 years ago. Itichfield ; George "W., boi-n December IG, Until the year 1874 hi.s business was farming. |85f, now the Pastor of the Methodist Fj|iisco- At that date he o]iened agcneral store at FiicJi- ])al C'hurch in Fowler. Wyandotte County, field Center, wlu'i'o a rostollice was establislu'd Ohio. During the War of the Rebellion, Mr. and he was appointed Fostmaster, which otlice Farley's family gave its share to the siip])ort of he yet holds. The mail service lias been in- tlie llnion cause. Daniel H. and William creased fVoin tri-weekly to six times per week, were members of Coiii]iany F, Fourteenth Ohio His ])ay the first year was §15.00. He ha.s Infantry. The former enlisting in 18(54, was acted as Justice of the I'eace for six years, honoralil}- discharged in July, 18(55; while the A])ril 2:^, 185(i,he was mai-ried with MissSu.san latter, being wouiuletl at Mission Ridge and at S. Tuni.son, who was born in Seneca County (Uiickamauga, was honorabl3- discharged Jul}- IS^ew York, and with lier parents eamo "to 11, 18ti5. John, also, was in the service, and Spencer Township in 1849. Her parents cele- was discharged on account of sickness. brated both their golden and their pearl wed- ding, and lived some years thereafter, both Clariv C. Lathrop was born in Clia'i- dying in 188(5. Mr. Williamshas hatl four chil- tauqua County, New York, August 20, 182;^. dron — three sons and one daiiglitc]-. William lie was the second of five childi-en — four sons N. was graduated at Northern Indiana Xorniai and one daughter. His father was Ai-aiinali Schnol, and at the National Law School at Lalhro]). The family came to Bichfield in Washington, D. C, and is now practicini,'- the 18:55, and thus were among the earliest of the law at Omaha, Nebraska. John T. entered the tide of jiioneers which settled in that Township. (Jhio Wesleyan LIniversity at Delaware, but (Jlai'k (j. has filled an exce|itionally prominent was compelled by ill health to suspend his ]ilace in public affairs, as well as in social and studies, and is now teaching in Fmer.son Insti- otlier relations. Politicall}-, the Ijathrop tute at Washington, D. C. Frank T. died in family have always been Democrats. The inl'ancy. Anna B is at the Oiiio Wesleyan nearest approach to a tavern of any .sort in the University, Delaware. SPENCER TOWNSHIP. The Townshi]) of Sjiencer lies ill the Central- known as thi> " l>arrens," and a small area of Western ]iart of Lucas County, and is bounded marshy prairie. J3oth of those exceptions, on the North by Bidifield To\vnshi|i, and on however, are raidly disa])]icariiig under tin' tlie East by Springfield; on the South by Afon- improved methods of drainage ami cultivation clova, and on the West b}- Swanton. It is com- which have made the lands of this section |iosed of Sections one to twelve inclusive of generally among the most fertile in the State. Town Ten South, of liaiige Five F5ast, and Sections :^1 to 3G inclusive of Township Nine kaiii.v setti,kmi;.\t. South, of llange Five East, of the Michigan Survt^y, togethei- with Sections 31 to 'M inclii- Haifa century ago Spencer Township was a sive, of Town Eight North, of i>ango Nino wilderness. Tlie first .settlers came in from Fast, of the Ohio survey ; all except the latter, 18152 to 18:55, when the tide of immigration being in territory foi'inorly claimed by Mielii- was .setting towani Michigan. Most of the gan. lands in the Township were entered at the The Tfiwnshi]! was s(^t fiff from liichfield and Monroe Land (Jffiee. The tract of conntry Svvanton by act of the t'ounty t'ommissioners between the River Jlaisin and the Mauniee wa.s in 1845. inviting, and many entered lands within the Tlie .soil of the Townsliip is arable and pro- boundaries of this T()wn.shi|( who never became ductive, with the exception ol the portion actual residents. Such was the case with E. S. 870 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. and "William Frost, Thomas Clark, Samuel A. Sar^ont, Joiiatlian H. Jerome, Israel Kock- wood, R. A. Forsvth and others ehietiy of Maumec. Before "the " Toldo War" (1S:{5) there were perhaps a dozen faniiles in the Township. The first actual settlers were Abraham Johnson, Bennett Warren, BeujaTnin Fairehild, John All, Aaron H. Cole, Samuel Coleman, Gideon Eice, William Taylor and Charles Coarson— all now deceased, except, it may be, the last named, who removed to Iowa. William Brown, in 1834, was the first settler on the quarter Section South of the present Catholic (Uuirch. Samuel Coleman settled on the Northwest quarter ot Section eight, Town Five, East of Kange Five East, in 1835. Eli Munsou settled on the JSTorthwest quarter of Section Six, Town Five East, of Eange Five East, in 1835. Levi Munson now lives on the old homestead. Benjamin Fairehild (wife and two little boys) settled on the Southwest quar- ter of the same Section, in 1834. Here the boys, the oldest of whom was only five years at the date of settlement, grew up to manhood. The younger, Jeflerson, resided on the home- stead until quite recently. Alouzo Fairehild now owns the farm adjoining on the East, to which he removed in 1849. It was entered in 1835 by Patrick Parks. Some idea of the hardsliips of the pioneers in .settling the eountrj^ may be gained from such reminiscences as the following. Says one of the pioneers : When we came here, it was all woods. There were more Indians than white people. We could see an Indian every day, or a squad of them with their squaws and pappooses, but a white man or white woman was a rare sight. Our nearest neigh- bors lived from three to four miles ott,and there were no roads, only trails through the woods. Maumee was the nearest point where we could get needeii supplies; and as there were no roads, even " chop- ped out," we had to '' back " supplies to our cabins. The old route to Maumee was very crooked— the trail marked out by blazed trees. It bent away round the prairie — first to the South and then to the North —making the distance twice what it is now. After roads were cut out, we hauled our supplies and went to mill, mostly with oxen and on sleds at all seasons, for there were few wagons at first in the settlement. My father paid $14.00 fora bariel of flour iit Maumee ; and that was not the hardest of it. A neighbor who was coming past our house without much load, and could just as easily bring the barrel of flour as not, charged him i|1.00 for fetching it out. In answer to some questions about the early mills, the same man said: The first mill I remember going to to get corn ground, was a concern run by oxen. They walked round, hitched to a jiole or shaft. It was gotten up by a man by the name uf Berry, near what is now Ai, in Fulton County. It was not much of a mill — a soit of coarse corn-cracker, like. Sometimes we went to Blissliekl, Michigan, to null, and afterwards to Waterville. After the mill was built at the latter place, it was the best and the nearest, but it often took from one to three days to get a grist, the settlers coming from all around and waiting their turn. I have slept there all night on the bags, and at one time two nights, waiting for my grist. The usual mode of going to mill was with oxen, when one was well enough oft' to have such ; but most of the set- tlers were jioor and had to put up with great hard- ships. .Sometimes men would go out and work at some odd job for a bushel or two of corn ; take it on their backs to mill ; wait for it to be ground ; and return with the proceeds to their lonely cabins and anxiously-waiting families, often at night through the dark forests. Money was very scarce, prices high and most of tlie settlers poor. The land was wet, and chills and fevers prevailed. The country is now ditched and made healthy compared with what it was. Most of the pioneers, however, were hardy and .strong men, and could stand almost anything. " EARLY L.^ND PURCHASES. Following is a list of the earlier purchases of lantls in Sjjencer, as shown by' the County record. s : RANGE FIVE, TOWN NINE. Section 31, David Clute, 18.>5, SO acres. Section 31, John McNees, 1835, 102.84 acres. Section 31, Andrew Palmer, 1835, 101.02 acres. Section 31, Isaac Ritter, 1835, 181.02 acres. Section 31, Eli Munson, 18.34, ItiO acres. Section 31, Gideon Rice, 1834, 102.54 acres. Section 31, Charles Butler, 1836, 51.21. Section 32, Aaron H. Cole, 1833, 500 acres. Section 33, Daniel D. Divine, 1835, SO acres. Section 33, Theron Hamilton, 1834, 40 acres. Section 33, .Stephen Langenderfer, 1830, 80 acres. Section 33, Charles Osgood, 1830, .SO acres. Section 34, Eli Hubbard and D. B. .\uller, 1.S35, 80 acres. Section .34, Joseph Harpell, 1S34, 40 acres. Section 34, Andrew Smith, 1.834, 240 acres. Section 34, Catharine Thomas, 1834, 40 acres. Section 34, Horace Waite, 1834, 40 acres. Section 34, Martha Waite, 1.S34, .SO acres. Section 34, Seba Murphy, 1836, .80 acres. Section 35, James Cone, 1835, 80 acres. Section 35, Matthew Byrnes, 1834, 40 acres. Section 35, David Hendrickson, 1834, 40 acres. Section 35, Hiram Smith, 1834, 40 acres. Section 35, Roswell Cheney, 1836, 240 acres. Section 35, Roswell W. Cheney, 1836, 40 acres. Section 30, William Berry, 1834, 64.28 acres. RANGE NINE, TOWN EIGHT. Section 31, William Beals, 1834, 282.78 acres. Section 31, John Earner, 18.34, 151.40 acres. Section 31, John Knapper, 1834, 160 acres. Section 32, Richard Wiggins, 1.S34, 05.80 acres. Section 32, Traad Rockwood, 1834, 08.00 acres. Section 32, Wm. Houser, 1833, 160 acres. Section 33. Bennett Warren, 1833, 65.28 acres. Section 33, Clark Wright, 1833, 80 acres. Section 33, John Brown, 183(i, 7.3.76. Section 33, Charles C. Roby, 1830, 73.76 acres. Section 34, Henry Smith, 1835, 80 acres. Section 34, Charle.s Smith, 1835, 40 acres. .Section 34, Theophilus Short, 1.S37, 160 acres. Section 34, Thomas Clark, 1843, 40 acres. Section 34, Samuel U. Foster. Section ,35, Samuel A. Sargent, 1837, 66.40 acres. Section 35, Dingham D. Abbott, l.S.'^6 200 acres. Schools. — The first School-house in the Township was built of logs in the winter of 183G-37, on the laud of Eli Munson. There was then no School District organized in the Town- ship ; but the few settlers got together, cut the logs, split out the " puncheon " for the floor and SPENCER TOWNSHIP. 871 roof, laid \ip the walls, and put on the roof, securing il with poles laid across, as nails were not in use in the setliement. A few panes of i;;iass sutHced for a window, and the door, made of split ]nineheons, was pinned toi;ethei' and Inuii; on wooatt, were chosen Judges of election, and Benjamin Fairchild and Aaron H. Cole, Clerks. After balloting, it was found that Aaron H. Cole was elected Township Clerk; Eli Miinson, Samuel Coleman and William Brown, Township Tnis- teea; Theron Hamilton, Township Treasurer ; Darius Wyatt, Assessor; John All and Aaron Whitacre, Overseers of the Poor; William Taylor and Charles Coarson, Constables ; David Clute, Benjamin Fairchild and William Nor- ris, Supervisors of Highwaj's. Benjamin Fair- child, a Justice of the Peace, administered the oath of office to the Township Clerk, and he to the other Township officers, completing the cjualitication of all elected, on August 15, 1845. On April 14, 1845, Darius Wyatt, Assessor, presented his bond in the sum of $500, and sureties, Theron Hamilton and Charles Coar- son, for the <'aithful discharge of the duties of his office, which was accepted by the Trustees. The Treasurer's bond in the sum of $800, with sureties, Darius Wyatt and Charles Coarson, was receivetl and approved. William Taylor and Charles Coarson, Constables, presented their bonds and sureties. April 14, 1845, four School Districts were es- tablished in the Township. Following is a military roll for the Town- ship as returned by Darius Wyatt, Asse.ssor, April 15, 1845: John Shull, Levi Cliapin, Theron Haiiiiltnu, Ben- jamin Keinhai't, Shubal Munson, Cliailes Young, Levi Munson, t^harles Uoarsou, William Tavlor, Samuel Coleman, William Norris, Jo.sephus \V. llull- tile, William Brown, Aaron Whitacre, Albert (,'lute, David M. .Toluison, Tliomas Stevenson, William Johnson, John .Johnson. The following order concerning the election of Justices of tlie Peace appears on the Town- ship records ; Be it remembered, that at a term of the Court of t'oiniiiou Picas, l>r;.;uu and luOd in and for the ("onnty of Luras and .State of Ohio, on the 1 1th ilay of November, A. I). 1S4.'>, on motion to saiil Court liy l'"li Munson. oiU' of the Trustees of S|)eueer Town- ship, by Young & Waite, his Attorneys; it was onkreil, that two .fusticcs of the Peace in and lor said Townsliip lie elected at the next annual Spring election in said Townshli). In testimony whereof, I, F. fj. Xichols, Clerk of saiil Court, have heiviinto set uiv hand ami seal of said Court, the --'Ttli day of February, A. D.. 1.S40. F. li. Nichols, Clerk. Notice of election in ac('ordance with the above order was given on JIaridi 15, 1840, and on April (Ith following William Brown and Benjamin Fairchild were elected Justicesof the Peace. At the State election held October 14, 1845, 26 votes were polled in the Township. At the Township election for Justices of the Peace and other officers, April (i, 184(), ;■$! votes were polled. In 1851 the number of votes polled was 45; in 1852, GO votes, and in 18515, 02 voles. TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. The following have been the principal Town- ship officers since the organization : C/cri-s— Aaron H.Cole, 1845-4!); Aaron Whitacre, 1849; Ezra C. Tunison, 1850-54 ; Daniel C. Tunison. 1854; Samuel Divine, 18.55 ; Daniel (-', Tunison, I.S5(i ; Kobert Fairchild, 1S57-.59; Ezra C. Tunison, 185>i-()l ; Robert Fairchild, 1801 ; Samuel Divine, 18(iL'-5 ; .Jacob Surbeck, 18f)5-7 ; William Gevser, 18li7 ; Alexander Crissy, 18t;8-70; William H. 'Pemberton, 1870-71'; Edgar Morrill, 187l'-S0; D. B. Dill, 1880-8:!; Edgar Morrill, 1883; Peter Brick, 1884-80; Edward W. Dil- gart, 18SG-87. 7'reasuirrs— Theron Hamiiton, 1845-50; Aaron Whitacre, 18.50; Charles Coarson, 1851; William Taylor, 1852-08; Alonzo Fairchild, 1808-7!); Conrad Murbach, !87i)-83; A. W. Munson, 188;!-85; Frank Keopfer, 1885-87. Tnisli'cs — Eli Mun.son, Samuel Coleman, William Brown, 1845; Abraham Johnson, Charles Coarson, Eli Munson, 1846; John Shull, Eli Munson, William Norris, 1847; William Brown, William Tavlor, Mat- thew M, Mason, 1848-4!); John Farner. 'David M. Johnson, Samuel Coleman, 1850; Martin Walters Shubal Munson, Samuel Coleman, 1.S51 ; James Mor- ris, David Clute, William Brown, IS5'J; Smith H. Topping, John Farner, Alexander Walp, 1S5:!; Ezra C. Tunison, Eli .Munson, Albert, Clute, 1854 ; Wil- liam Brown, Isaac Clemens, Alliert Clute, 18.')5; Wil- liam Stair, Sanniel Coleman, Ueorge Dill, 1.S.50 ; John Farner, Samuel Divine, Elisha Bird, 1,'n57 ; K. C. Tunison, Joseph Dennis, Lucas Raab, 18.58; Lucas Kabb, Isaac Clemens, Alonzo Fairchild, 1850; Lucas Rabb, Alonzo Fairchilil, John Farner, 1800 ; John Farner, David Deiniis, Samuel Divine, 1801; .lohn Farner, Alonzo Fairi'hild, David Dennis, l,si;2; Alonzo Fairchilil, David Dennis. Abraham Johnson, .Ir., lS(i:!-(i4 ; Alonzo I'airchild, .lo.sepli Deiiuis, Abraham Joluison, 1805; Alonzo Fairchild, Abraham .lohnson, William Pemberton, ISOO; William Pem- berton, .John W. Brown, Willanl Barnes, l.S(17-(;,S; Prosor Coon, William Pemberton, John W. Brown, ISll!); .\ndrew Klumm, .lohn E. Farner, James Barnes, 1870; Amlrew Klumm. .lames P.arues, John W. Browti, l.-t71 ; William Taylor, Jerennah Carroll, John W. Brow n, 187:.'; .lohn W. Brow n, James Barnes, Jeremiah Carroll, 1873; William Taylor, James 872 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Barnes, Jeromiah Carroll, 1S74 ; .Tames Barnes, what is now Bast Swanton, in Swunton Town- Enoch Hul'tik'. Andrew Klunini, 1.ST5; James Barne.?, gi,ip. The latter was removed to SwantonVillage John E. Earner, Andrew KInnun lS7(i ; Stephen -ifter that became a Railroad Station, and re,si- IMtijon 'Vndrcw Iv nnnn, John Kegenald. low; . , i ii ,. . i' o 1 i- i .le&n l^Trchild, Andrew Klnmm, Harmon Far! o:i .".0 -[g.^m^ Father Armedeus Rappe began a mi.ssion Receipts for March .5, 1887 : among the Gorman Catholics of tins Township, State Common School Fund 1 204 00 holding services at private residences. In Interest on Section 10 .SO 19 1S51 the log-church now used for the parochial Dog Tax. ■^— ,- ._^'? ;;i5 School-house was erected. It was succeeded iownsh.p contingent Fund .|,24 08 ,^^^ _^ ^^..^^^^^ building in 1864. This edifice was The number of persons of School ago in the destroyed by fire June 7, 1875, and in 1876, the Township in 1887 was 237 — males 127; females, fine structure known as the Church of Im- 110. Number of voters, 132. maculate Conception, was erected and conse- Board of Education for 1887— A. W. Mun- crated. On March 4, 1880, a tornado struck the son, Peter Brick, J, W. Mauchly, W, II, Strong building, demolishing it com])letcly, exce])t the and C. Winlcrfelt, A, W. Muiison, President; side walls, which alone were lelt standing. On E. VV. Dilgart, Clerk. the 15th of August, the church was again ro- PosT OivicE— The nearest Post Office was built, frescoed and occupied. It is the finest at Maumee until an ofHce was established at country Church in Lucas C!ouuty, and cost, in f t » m"v-('"^' (L-^^^^^'^ry^ri'' (3''%c^»,^^^^^ii^^ SPENCER TOWNSHIP. 873 all, about $12,000. Rev. Charles Barbier was the first rosident Minister in 1865, and since have bofn the following in the years named : Rev. Nicholas Schnutz,"18G8; Rev. Peter Kol- lojjp, 1S70; Rl'v. John G. Vogt, 1875; and Rev. Weinier Mueller since 1877. 'Vim Germ.vn Eeformed Church of Spencer was organized in 1852; Isaac Matzinger, Con- rad Swino, Andrew Eeginald and their families, being among the princijial organizers. 1'he huilding was erected in 18(54. The Church has increased in numbers from the German element in the Township which is about two- thirds of the pojmlation, about one-half of the Germans being I'rotestants. There is also a German Baptist Church in the Township, erected in 1878. Rev. Sebastian Site has been its only Pastor. ALONZO FAIRCHILD was liorn January 20, 1829, in Remscn, Oneida County, New York. Jlis parents were Benjamin and Mercy (Pooler) Fairehild. The father was born in Connecticut, May 18, 1704; and the mother in the State of New York, February 20, 1810. They were married Maj- 27, 1827. With their three children — Benjamin R. (a half-brother), Alonzo and Robert, they removed to Medinq, County, Ohio, in the Spring of 1834, remaining there until the Fall following, when they came to what is now Spencer Townshii^. There the}' made their home in the Wilderness, with their nearest white nciglibor five miles distant, but with plenty of Indians about them. Mr. Fair- child entered a tract of land at the Land Office at Monroe, Michigan. Mary Jane, a daughter, born February 22, 1838, died November 7, 1862. The father died December 29, 1855, and the mother May 20, 1878. Their son Robert enlisted in Company A, Sixty- Seventh Ohio Regiment, October 19, 1861, and died in hos- pital at Newbern, North Carolina, August 29, 1863. Thomas J., born in Spencer, February 10, 1844, now resides in Adams Township. The father was elected Justice of the Peace, on the organization of the Township, holding the office for several years. Alonzo has served as Town- ship Trustee for many years, as Treasurer for 12 years, as School Director for 24 years, and as Assessor for one j'ear. During the War of the Rebellion, he was specially serviceable to the Ihiion cause, in his efforts in raising and forwarding troops from Spencer. Mr. F. has been an active Republican sincethe organization of that party, having voted for Fremont in 1856. lie ha.s always enjoyed the confidence of his neighbors and has never been an office seeker. Mr. Fairehild was married with Charlotte Beachtle, February 10, 1854. Mrs. Fairehild was born in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, March 2, 1832, and with her parents, Henry and Asenath ( Fliggle) Beachtle, removed to Wayne County, Ohio, in 1833, whence the}- came to 5b Spencer in 1848. Mrs. Fairehild before marriage taught School for .several years in S]iencer and Springfield TowMiships. She has served as (Merk of the Ha]itist (/liurcli in Spencer for 13 j'ears ; has been for seven yt^ars a Vice President oi the l.ucas County Sal)bath-Scliool Union: and eight years Vice President of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Lucas t'ountv. She si'rved as Supei'intendent of the Baptist Sunday School for several years, all of which have been without her solicitation. Air. Fairehild has been for IG years Trustee of the Baptist Church and is now, he served as Chairman of the Building Committee of the same. They have four daughters— Ida V. A., born January 20, 185G. the wife of Saniui Souihwest I4 Sec. 8, C. C. P. Hunt, 1834; 80 acres. Northwest "^ Southeast 34 Sec. 9, Charles Powell, 18^15; 40acre,s. Southwest ^ Soutliwest ?-4 Sec. 9, John Cummins, 1834; 40 acres. Southwest \,i Southeast a and Southeast J4 Southeast '/i .Sec. 9, John Mlckle, jr.. 18:i3; 80 acres. Northwest % Southwest Ji Sec. 9, John Cummins, 1833; 40 acres. East y. Northeast ^4 Sec . 9, Herman Ely, 1833; 80 acres. West % Northeast and East % VVest M Sec. 9, John E. Hunt, 18:i4; 160 acres. East X West 14 Sec. 9, Athena Row, 1834; 80 acres. Northwest Jq Northwest J^ Sec. 9, Surdam Bishop, 1834; 40 acres. Northeast ^ Southeast 34 Sec. 11, Matthew Byrnes, 1834; 40 acres. East 14 Northeast J^ Sec. II, Benoni Newkirk, 1.S3;1; 80 acres. East 34 Northeast in Sec. 11, Patrick Flynn, 1831; 80 acres. Northwest Ji Northwest }4 'in'i West J^ Southeast X ^<^- IL Matthew Byrnes, 1833; 120 acres. Southeast 34 Southeast % Sec. 14, Geo. Washington, 1834; 40 acres. West K' Northwest 3-4 Sec. 14, John Jlickle, jr., I8IJ2; .80 acres. East i^'Northwest hi Sec. 14, Sanford Proutv 1*34: 80 acres. West % Southwest !4 Sec. 14, Ellison DeMott, 1838; 80 acres. East y, Southwest }-i See. 14, Charles E. Roby, 1832; 80 acres. East iZ Northeast % .Sec. !4. John Mickle, Jr., 1831; 80 acres. East 34 Southwest % Sec. 15, John Wiltse, 1831; 80 acres. Southeast \i Sec. 15. Samuel Demott, 1833; 160 acres. East )i Northeast 34 Sec. 17. Wm. Van Home, 1833; 80 acres. West K> Northwest "li Sec. IT, James Dean, 18.33; 80 acres. West M .Southwest M Sec. 17, David Trumbull, 1833; 80 acres. West X Southetxst 54 and East }4 Southwest 5^, Sec. 17, Wm. Travnor, 1844; 160 acres. East a Northeast H and Southwest % of Northeast 34 Sec. IS, Jeremiah Kimball, 18-33; ISO acres. Southeast 1.4 Section 18. David TrumbuU, 18.33; 160 acres. South 14 Southwest }4 Sec. 18, James Dean, 1834; 80 acres. West !4 Southeast 34 Sec. 19, Thos. Dolan and H. McConray, 1844; 80 acres. West !4 Southwest 34 Sec. 19, Joseph Hayes and Matthew Reilley, 1844; 80 acres. West a Northeast 34 Sec. 19, Samnel Jav, 1844; 80 acres. East K Northeast 34 Sec. 19, Alfred Eumsey, 1844; 80 acres. East U Southeast )4 and East }4 Southwest ^4 Sec. 19, John Sliehevand Samuel F. Cook, 1847; 80 acres. Southeast" 3i Southeast ^ Sec. 20, David Purdun, 1833; 40 acres. East 33 Northeast Ji and Northeast JS Southeast ^^ See. 90, Jede- diah Jessup, 1836; 120 acres. SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP. 875 West H Northwest M Sec. 20, Kotert Ackland, 1843: 80 acres. East }i Southwest }4 Sec. 20. Mark Curtis, 18I.S: 80 acre.<. West 14 Southwest J^ Sec. 30, John llarriiiKton, .Ir., 184.'i; 80 acres.' Knst ^:. Northwest y.i Sec. 20, Alirahnni VauWork. l.s-i:i; 80 acres. I ;iNi ' , s.iuiliue.'it I4 Sec. 21, Martin strayer, lS.'t3; 80 acres. W.>t ',, Soiiiliwest hi Sec. 21, llulicrt Ilollowa}-, 1813; 80 acres. WtsI '., Noitliwest "-iSec. 22, Silas Haines, l.s::'.4; SO acres. East i.^ Suotlii-a.st hC Sec. 22, .lames S. Kitchel, I8.'i4; 80 acres. Southwest h Northeast 'A Sec. 22. Linus Frost, 1833: 40 ucre.s. Soutlicasl '4 Si-ction 27, \Vm. Heals, 1833: 160 acres. Southeast ;4 Noitliwest }i and West y. Northwest J^ Sec. ST, Pliiliji ZciKlcr, I8:i3: 120acres. Northea.st ^4 .Nnrthwest ^ Sec. 27, Levi Manlev, 1843: 40 acres, West !^ Northeast '^ Sec. 28. Jeremiah A. Scott, \mi: 80 acres. East U Northwest '4 Sec. 28, Africa Spaukiing, 1813, 80 acres. Southwist ^4 Nortliuest I4 Sec. 28, James Carli.ss, 18:63: SOacres. Soutlieast !4 Northwest V .Sec. 29, Philander Noble, ia33: 40 acres. East 1.. Northeast }4 Sec. 29. John Strayer, 1833: 80 acres. East >b" Northwest a Sec. 30, Mar\- Ann Scott, 1843: 80 acres. West JA Northwest ^ Sec. 30, Daniel E. Cook, 1846: 80 acres. RANGE SI.\, TOWN NINE. East fractional y. Sec. 31, W. and J. James, 18:65, 124.88 acres. West fractional Pi, Sec. 31, Eleazer Geason, 1834, 122.60 acres. Whole Sec. :32, W. W. Wadsworlh, 1834, 2.=i8.(» acres. East part Northeast fractional J4. Sec. 33. I'harles Powell, 1834, 70.19 acres. West J-i .Sec. 34, W. W. Wadsworth,1834, 158 acres. RANGE NINE, TOWN SEVEN. Southwest I4 and West K> Southeast H, Sec. 1, John E. Hunt, 1835, 240 acres. North 14, Sec. 1, T. J. Dobbins, 1835, 312. 2.S acres. East W Southeast J^, Sec. 1. John Knaggs, 1836, 80 acres. Northeast >i. Sec. 12, James M. Briggs, 1864, 160 acres. RANGE NINE, TOWN EIGHT. South i4, Sec. 36, T. J. Dobbins, 1S;J5, 320 acres. Northeast fraction. Sec. 36, Bingham D. Ahbott, 1836, 130.50 acres. South part Northwest !4, Sec. 36, Jacob Falk, 1836, 80 acres. Northwest fraction. Sec. 6, T. J. Dobbins, 1835, 90.36 acres. North ii, Sec. 7, Africa Spaukiing, 1839, 90.20 acres. North part ,Sec. 31, George Wilber, 18:35, "3.41 acres. A large number of those whose names appear ill the above list never lived in Springfield proper. Some of them, as the Wadsworths, lived in the State of New York, some in Tole- do, some in Perrysburg and some in Maumee. EARLY TRANSFERS. Among other early transfers of real estate in Springfield Township, the County records show the following : Victory Jenison to J. E. Hunt, 1828. James Kitchell to Edmund C Kitchell, l.'^Sl. Silas Barnes to Chloe Lees, 1831, Ephraim Wiltse to Dennis Sage, 1832. J. E. Hunt to Frances Collins, 1833. Thomas Degane to Joel Butterfield, 1833. Samuel DeMott to William DeMott. 1833. David Purdon to Jacob Smith, 1833. James Henderson toIraC4ould. October, 1834. Christian Swartz to Cornelius Stage, July, 18.36. Simpson Parks to Lewis Miles, October, "18.36. Nathaniel Jones to Huntington Larabee. September, 1836. Jacob Smith to Sarah McGuire l^arks, February, 1836. Joseph Devine to Selah Devine, April, 18.38. Samuel Divine to Kphraim Kimball, December, 1838. Alfred McCoy to Josiah Ward, January, 1836. Norman Kimball to John Janes, June", 1837. Chloe Lees to John Janes, August, 1838. Jacob Gnagy to James Hammond, February, 1836. John Burdo to Lewis Kumsey, August, 1839". Solomon (-'ross to Horace Honey, October, 1h:16. David Trumbull to Henry Rose, Januarv. 1840. Benj.G. Lewis to Levi 11. Swan, March, 1839. David and Isaac Preston to Ezra Holt, .\ugu3t, 18.39. Henry Zimmerman to Peter Mining. .Inly, 1839. Thomas Clark 2d to James M. Felt, March, 1843. David Trural>ull to James Trumbull, March, 1839. Thomas Dolan to Edward Glinnen, November, 1843. Jacob Gnagy to John Spencer, 1843. Zimri H. Ba'xter to Lucius Carpenter, May, 1841. Mark Curtis to Peter Williams, April, 1844. Jacob Gnagy to Harmon HubbfU, January, 1844. George Paddock to Henderson W. Hortou, July, 1844. State of Ohio to Hubert Holloway. October, 1843. Uriah Ueach to Lewis F^umsey, December. 1844. George Loveless to Henderson W. Horton. May, 1840. Abram VauWert to Irvine Greene, October, 1845. Peter Waterbury to Joseph Walker, .-Vpril, 1844. Thomas Clark 2d to James M. Felt, November, 1844. George_Paddock to Lewis Kumsey, October, 1845. Patrick Del.aney to the Township of Springfield, March, 184S, 1J.4 acres of land in Section 17. for use as a public burying ground. .•\ntnonv L. Willard to ."School District No. :!, Spriuglleld Town- shiji iWm. .McMillan, Michael DeBolt, and A. L. Willard, Directors), for School purposes, Aj»ril,lH46. Thomas J. Dobbins 10 Thomas Arnolil, March, 1817. Theron namilton toJohn Heals. October, 1S46. Thomas J. Dobbins to .Mason Dobbins, September, 1846. .Ujigail and .Samnel Wood to Wni. Lees, November, 18.14. Jacob Gnagy to Martin Stevens, Absolem, Aaron and .lohn Ste- vens, Directors of S])ringfield Township, a site for a School- house, February, 1847. Henry D. Hose to Truman L. Pooler, December, 1845. T. L. Pooler to Jacob Kirkendal, January, 1840. James l.i'mikan to Michael DeHolt. December. 1843. Samuel Divine to 1 buries Oioki-, November, 1816. Dennis .siagi; to TluHiilon ICdington. May, 1848. Elisha Wliittlescv to Win. ami .lohn James, 1M8. John Wiltse to Jacob and Silas Wiltse, March, 1849. Thomas J. Dobbins to William A. Perriu, September, 1846. Wm.Trayiior to David Trumbull, December, 1847. In Deceml)er, 1846, Ezra Holt deedeil to George s. Fewlas, Osmau Gunn and David Perriu, Directors of School District No. 7. Springlield Township, a lot 7ij.\75 feet, in the West half of the Southwest .inartcr of Section 89 in that Township, for School purposes. May, 184.S. James .McKechan deeded to John Spencer, Michael F. Hill and Levi Mauley, Directors of School District No. 5, Spriiiglielirectors of Schotil District No. 4, Springlield, a lot 4x6 rods, being part of Sage's farm, and donated for School purposes. In 1847, A. L. Willard, deeded to School District No. 3, Spring- lield, a lotsix rods sijuare in Section 11, on the road from Miami to Sylvauia. In March, 1847, S. M. Young deeded to School District No. 2, Springfield, one-fourth acre of lanil in Section 16 of said Township. August, 1847, Benjamin Joy deeded to Gardner Cooper, Kemiug- ton Cooper and John Bellman, Directors of School District No. 4, Sylvauia Township, a lot of 24 sfpiarc rods, to be free so long as used for School purposes. EARLY SETTLERS. It cannot now be learned definitely who was the first settlor in Springfield Township. Den- nis Sage was probably the first or among the first. He settled in the Township in 182',), and at the time of his death was the oldest living pioneer. He was for several years Treasurer of the Township. He was married with Sarah (Wood) Holloway, widow^ of Herbert Hollo- way. They had four children, two of whom are living, viz.: Ida (Mrs. A. P. Mann), and Thomas W. Sage, proprietor of an Agricullural Store at Holland. JDennis Sage died in 1887, aged 93 years. Chloe Lees was an early settler, though it appears she did not purchase land till 1844. She had two sons, small boys, when she came to the country, viz: Edmund and Simeon P. Lees. Peter Holloway remembers distinctly that the family lived in the Township when he came in 1834; and Simeon P. Lees is au- thority for saying that they were settlers as early as 1830. At this date the settlers con- sisted of two or three families. If the Lees family came in 1830, Simeon P. would have been but sis years old, for he was born in Win- stead, Connecticut, August 3, 1824. He was married in Maumee City, in 1854, with Anna M. CuUmore. As a citizen and a man, few are more highly resjiccted. He is at present Treas- urer of the Township, and has hold the office some 10 years. With tiie exception of Dennis Sage, the oldest resident pioneer in 1884 was Ellison DeMott, who died in the last mentioned year. His eon 876 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Clark W. DeMott, was noted as a Buccessful Bee-keeper in Springfield. He was born in the Township December 27, 1852, but moved to Maryland, in 1885. A]iiong the early settlers in this Townsliip was Peter Holloway, from whom the numerous family of'that name are descended. In lGG6,three brothers emigrated from Somersetshire, Eng- land, to Boston. They were ship-builders, and built and owned some of the fastest sailing Ves- sels then in the Colonies. Subsequently, one set- tled in Charleston, South Carolina ; one in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Michael, the ancestoi's of the Northern branch of the Hollo- ways, remained in Boston. Peter Hollowaj% the first, a descendant of Michael of the third generation, was born in Dightou, Massachusetts, March 19, 1751 ; moved toTauuton, Massachu- setts, about 1782 ; and from Taunton to York, Livingston Count}', New York, about 1815. He was the inventor of a machine for cutting and lieading nails, and engaged in the business be- fore and for part of the time during, the Revo- lutionary War. It is said that he was not in sympathy with the Puritan Fathers, and re- fused to ))ay the Minister's tax in the estab- lished Church of the Colony of Massachusetts Baj' ; whereupon, they sued him and heallowed his family- Bible to be sold for the tax. He had two brother.s — George, Captain of a Privateer in the Colonial service, and William, Captain of a Merchant Vessel. Peter died in York in 1831. Peter Holloway, second son of the above, was born in Dighton, Massachusetts, Maj' 21, 1778; went to Taunton with his father in 1782; and from Taunton to Canandaigua, New York, in 1798. He was engaged in blacksmith- ing for the Indians, who were then much more numerous than the whites. He was married with Sophia Seymour, daughter of Ira Sej'- niour, of Victor, New York, and formerly' (1804) High Sheriff at Stock bridge, Massachusetts. He removed to West Bloomfield the year of his marriage, where he was engaged in farming, kept a hotel and carried on blacksmithing. He volunteered in the Cavahy service in the War of 1812-15, got into Buffalo when the Town was burning and the British shijjping just leaving port. At the close of the War he settled in York, Livingston County. In 1833 he moved with his family to Maumee, and the year fol- lowing to the farm in Si)ringfield Township, on which Charles B. Holloway now resides, where he died September 1, 1865, having spent 31 3'ears on the farm. His family consisted of five sons and three daughters— Herbert, Abi- gail, Eliza S., Peter, Chester S., George G., Mary Ann and Charles B.; three of whom are now living, viz.: Peter, Chester S., and Charles B. Charles B. Holloway represented Lucas County in the Ohio Legislature, 1879-81. He was born in York, Livingston County, New York, June 14, 18211; was married with Nancy Ann Gunn, daughter of Asman Gunn, a pio- neer of Springfield Township, May 3, 1855. He took prominent part in the organization of the militia of his Township. As Captain of Company C, Fourth Eegiment Ohio Militia, he was appointed by the Adjutant-General, Charles W. Hill, to take command of the Regi- ment till the organization was completed. At an election in Monclova in August, 1863, he was chosen Lieutenant-Colonel of the Regi- ment, and received his commission from Gov- ernor Todd August 30, 1863. Mr. Holloway was active and efficient as a member of As- semblj', and gained great credit, especially for the passage of his Telegraph bill, a measure designed to afford relief from the monopoly of the Western LTnion Telegraph Company by securing competition in the telegraph business. A report of the proceedings in the House says : "The Holloway telegraph bill, preventing Railroad Companies from giving the exclusive right of way to any one Telegraph Company, came up in the House this afternoon, and after a sharp fight, was passed by 80 j'eas to no nays. In the authorship and enactment of the meas- ure, Mr. Holloway has shown himself at once an able, skillful and useful Representative." The Holloway homestead, now owned and occupied by Charles B. Holloway, was entered by David Purdun in 1831, and by him trans- ferred to John E. Hunt, of whom Peter Hollo- way obtained it in 1834. The present Peter Holloway resides on the adjoining farm, in the edge of Monclova Townshij). The land be- longed to the State or Canal lands, which were chiefly sold in 1842. These lands extended into Springfield Township a mile and a half North of the Monclova line. Settlements were considerably retarded upon the Canal lands prior to 1842, the appraisement being too high to suit purchasers. In 1837, they were first brougiit into market. In 1833 David Trumbull, ancestor of the Trumbull famil}^ of this Township, settled on the West half of the Southwest quarter of Sec- tion 17 — the land on which William O., I. C. and R. H. Trumbull and A. S. Hovey now reside. Part of this is the somewhat noted Cranberry Farm. In October, 1870, James Trumbull, son of David, picked from three acres on this farm 400 bushels of Cranberries, which were worth 13.80 per bushel in market, or $500 per acre for the crop. They were picked ujjon shares (one-fifth), 250 pickers being on the ground at one time. His son, Rufus H. Trumbull, has raised as many as 1,600 bushels of these berries in one season, and in 1887 had 12 acres in this crop. William O. and Rufus H. Trumbull, grand- sons of the original settler, were Soldiers in the Union army during the War of the Rebellion. Harrison Wood, a son of Thomas and Ma- tilda Wood, came with his parents to Spring- field, from Orleans County, New York, in 1835. SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP. 877 Mr. Wood served in the War of the Rohel- lioii in Coinjumy A, Fourteenth l\ei;iment O. V. I., and was wounded at Tallalionia, Teiiii. Mr. Wood is a merchant at llolland anil Clerli of the Townslii]> of vS])rinntield. Perry, an- other son of Thomas and Matilda Wood, was born in Gene.see Count}', New York, Mai-ch 27, 1824, and came to this Township with his pa- rents. He has served as Justice of the Peace. The first Mill in the Township projier \^ as hiiilt by John Gnagy on Wolf Ci'eek, in 1884. John Walter built a Saw-mill on Swan Creek in the Southeast part of the Townshij) in 1836. The following were residents of the Town- ship prior to 1834 : Bingham D. Abbott, Jacob Falk, Jacob Gnagy, Isaac Silvers, John Walter, William Beals, Abraham Walter. John Birch- field, David Purdon. Philander Noble, John Struyer, James K. Ford.William Berry, Lorenzo Abbott, John Cummins, Herrick A. Rew, Pat- rick Flynn, Ellison DeMott, John Wiltse, William VanHorn, James Dean, David Trum- bull, Jeremiah Kimball, Dennis Sage, James S. Kitchell, Joseph Divine, Samiiel Divine, Linas Frost, Chloe Lees, Selah Divine, Jonathan Bar- low, John Divine, Willard Barnes. All these are dead or removed from the Township, ex cept John Straycr, who resides in that part of Springfield set off to Monclova in 1853. (See Monclova.) ORGANIZATION OF THE TOWNSHIP. In accordance with the act of the Board of County Commissioners, erecting the Township of Springfield, the first election for civil officers was held at the house of William Ford, Octo- ber 8, 1836. James Egnew, Thomas Wood and John Birchfield were chosen Trustees ; Peter Holloway, Clerk; John Wiltse, Treasurer; William Ford, Constable ; John Birchfield and John Spencer, Justices of the Peace. March 5, 1838, the Trustees, James Egnew, John Birchfield and Patrick Flynn, settled with the Supervisors of Highways. No charges were made for services. The following were the Supervisors of the respective districts : No. 1 — Wiley Hamilton ; No. 2 — Ephraim M. Parks; No. 3--Henry Dilgart; No. 4 — John Spencer; No. 5 — Samuel l3eMott ; No. 6 — Lewis Rumsey ; No. 7 — James Dean; No. 8 — James Egnew. April 2, 1838, the electors of the Township held their annual election at the house of Samuel Divine. James Egnew, John Birch- field and Patrick FIj'nn were Judges; and Josiah Cress}'^ and Lewis Eumsey, Clerks. The following officers were elected: Peter Hollo- way, Township Clerk ; James Dean and Lewis Rumse}-, Trustees; John Wiltst^, Treasurer; Thomas Wood and Linas Frost, Constables; Dennis Sage and l)avid Trumbull, Overseers of the Poor; John Wiltse, Wiley Hamilton and James Egnew, Fence Viewers; Samuel Divine, Selah Divine and Lewis Rumsey, Srhool In- sjieetors ; Solomon Salisbui'y, John Hirehfielil, Samu(d Hivine, John Si)eneer, Samuel Jav, John Wiltse and Jlason Hobbins, Supervisors of Highways. The Road tax for the Township, in 183S, was ?;).38 and the Poor tax, $5.10. Februarj' 2, 183!), John Wiltse vva.s ajjpoint- ed School Director for. District No. 2, vice Hiram Wiltse, removed out of the Disti-iet. In 1836, the l(dlo\viiig School Districts were set off in the Township: No. 1 — ('oininonc- ing at the Northwest corner of the Townshi|i on Section six, and composed of the fijl lowing sections: 7, 18,19,30,31,32, 2tt. 20, 17, H, 5 and three-fourths of sections 4, 9, IG and 21, and the whole of section 28. No. 2- Com- posed of Sections 22 and 15, with the addition of the quarter parts of Sections 16 and 21. No. 3— Composed of Sections 1, 12, 14, 11, 2, 10 and 3, with the East quarter of Sections 4 and 7i. One of the earliest roads laid out in the Township was " the old County Road," run- ning from Lewis Rumsey's to the five-mile tree. A petition was presented by Josiah Cressj' and others to the Board of County Commissioners, March 7, 1837, praying for the alteration of this road so as to discontinue it from Josiah Rumsey's West to the house of Dennis Sage, making it intersect the road lead- ing to the Maumee at the nearest point, and there terminate. It was ordered, that the road be so changed, and the Board appointed Thomas Leaming, Hezeliiah Hubbell, Jarvis Gilbert aud Mason Dobbin, as Viewers; and Ei'astus Briggs, Surveyor, " to appe;ir at the commencement of said route on the 2d Mon- day in April and proceed to disc.iargo the duties required of them by law." February 6, 1838, the County apjirojirialed $140 to rebuild the bridge across Swan (Jreek, near Jacob Gnag}''s in Springfield Township, which had been swept away by the freshet. TOWNSHIP OFFICERS, 1836—1887. Clerks— Peter Holloway, 1.S36-40; Josiah Cressv, 1840; Samuel Divine, 1S41-44; Anthony L. Willard, 1844-4r>; Herbert Holloway, IS4li; Selah Divnie. 1.S47; Hiiani Wilt.se, 1848; Selah Diyine, 1849-5'.'; Charle.s B. Hulloway, 1852-.')4; Selah Diyine, 18.54; Charles B. Holloway, 18.55; H. H. G. Smith. lS.5li; P!iil.> Hall, 1857; Charles B. Holloway, 18.58; Hiram Wiltse, 1.8,59; Daniel P. Brown, 18()(); Charles B. Holloway, 181)1 ; E. L. Wooright citizen ; always ready for a harmless joke. His children in these respects follow his exam- ple. The wivesof Chandler Wing, David Mills and W. D. Herrick, and Aunt Sarah Marsh of Swanton, Fulton County, were sisters of Mr. Barnes. Thomas Doren came into the Township about 1844, and located on Section 33. He died some years since. He had a family of seven sons and six daughters. John and Isaac are still in the Township. Jacob Brindle}- lame to Swanton in the S|iring of 1841. He settled on the Northeast quarter of the Northeast quarter of Section ti. He came from Wurtemburg in 1838. He was married with Miss Langenderfer in the Fall of 880 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LVCAS COUNTY. 1840 ; she coming from Prussia io 1838. They have seven living children — one son and six daughters, all married ; having lost two sons and two daughters. Peter Broadsword came in 1839 ; settled on South half of Southeast quarter of Section 20. He left the Townsbiij in 1854. Henry Kizer settled in Swanton in 1853, Southwest quarter of Southwest quarter Section 21, and West half Northwest quarter Section 28. He died in April, 1874. His wife died in August, 1882. Three daughters now living — Nancy Jane, wife of J. Fraker of Delta; Susanna, wife of Mr. Huffine; and Eliza J., wife of John Shaffer, now on Kizer's old farm. Era.stus Brown came in the Spring of 1853, and settled on Northeast quarter of Section 7. He was horn near Milan, Ohio. He purchased of Jesse Tyler and P. E. Kirtland, the East halfof theold Huntington Larabee place, on which was the first Tavern in the Township — a rude log structure. Mr. Brown died in May, 1884, from accidental injuries. Mrs. Brown, with one son (Oscar) and two daughters, are still in the Township; one son (Charles W.) iu Swanton Village; the oldest daughter (Mrs. John Cowling), in Monclova ; and thej'oungcst daughter (Mrs. Daniel J. Beard), in Toledo. David S. Harriott came in February, 1835; settled on the Northwest quarter of Northwest quarter of Section 5 ; had several children, the eldest son dying in the Union Army. Two sons are living — Edwin in Spencer, a daugh- ter in Metaniora, Fulton County. Mr. Harriott died in July, 1809, aged about 67 years. James Egnew came about 1840, and settled on the East halfof Southeast quarter of Section 6, where he remained until his death, October 19, 1882, aged 84. He lost his wife soon after settling here, and was left with a large family. He remarried and had 10 children by a second wife — four sons and six daughters. One .son was killed in the assault on Fort Wagner, S. C, in July, 1863. One son in Toledo, and seven daughters are still living. Physically, he was a strong man, and was an obliging neighbor. Benoni T. Geer came to Swanton, in the Spring of 1853, and commenced the practice of the law. He lias six sons and three daughters. The oldest son (Frank B.) taught School some years, is now (1888) Deputy Sheriff. Another son (W. W.) and daughter (Laura) have been School Teachers for some years. Mr. Geer is a sound lawyer, a public-S]iirited citizen, and has been a 2)i"ominent Republican since 1854. His sister, Betsey Ann Geer, came to Swanton about the same time, and made her home with him. She followed teaching for some years, and was married with W. H. Lacy, who died February, 1869. Another sister, Eliza, came soon after and made her home with him until married with Herman Thompson, in 1873. She died in January, 1875. A brother, Wakeley Geer, was with him for some years, and died in the Fall of 1860. Wm. D. Herrick came to Swanton in 1834 ; first .settled on the West half of Southeast quarter of Section 6 ; and afterwards on the North half of Southwest quarter of Section 7, where he erected and kept a public house the most of the time until 1869. His first wife died before 1840, and he was remarried within a short time. For a few jears he worked at the trade of a Blacksmith, a part of the time. Later he manufactured barrels. About 1860 he pur- chased a stock of goods and kept a country store. In many respects he was a genial utkI accommodating neighbor. By his first wife he had two daughters. The elder (Amanda) was married with Frederick S. Allen, who died in 1863, from the effects of a fall, caused by the giving way of a scaffolding used in erecting an Elevator building in Toledo. The younger daughter (Armarilla) was mai'ried with A. B. Wales. Both now reside in Toledo. W. D. • Herrick died in February, 1869. His wife (Laura) died in March, 1888. Wm. Houser was the keeper of the second public house, from the spring of 1836, and lived in Spencer a number of years before his death, which occurred in 1854. His wife (Caroline Carlin), was born in Monroe, Michigan ; came with her father (James Carlin) to Maumee in 1810; and died in August, 1887, age 80. She was universally- respected. Frederick E. Kirtland came to Swanton in 1846, and kept the house built by Mailing. He was an enei'getic business man, and a re- spected citizen, dying in 1853. His wife visited friends in New England, and died there a few months later. Mr. Kirtland was supposed to have a promise from the Railroad officials to locate the Station of the Air Line Road one mile East of the West line of the Township; and it is thought had he lived it would have been so located. In such case, Swanton Village would have been in Swanton Township. David Mills was one of the settlers of 1834, on East half of Southwest quarter of Section 7. He was on the River at Waterville and Maumoc several j'ears previous. He was married with Asena Barnes; had 12 children, eight boys and four girls ; four boys and two girls now living. Four of bis sons— Robert, Willard D., Wm. S,, and Jefferson C. — were in the Union Army. Robert (in 100th Ohio Infantry) died from hardshij)s endured while a jjrisoner at Belle Isle, Virginia. Jefferson (38th Ohio), and Wm. S. (130th Ohio) have since died from disease contracted in the service. Willard D. is now in Fremont, Ohio. The older son (Arthur) died some 2 or 3 j-ears since in Ful ton County. Oscar F. and B. Franklin live in Swanton. James is in Wood County. The youngest daughter (Mrs. Reed) resides in Delta. David Mills kept a public house, built by S WANTON TOWNSHIP. S81 Huntiiigton Lavaboe, for soiiio years in carl}' tinus. Ho at'Ceptablj- tillcil various offices of the Townshi]), and was wiiiely known when the emintr}' was new. Mrs. Alills was an ener- i^etic, useful woman, always read^- to help those in need. She died in March, lSS2,the luisband following her in April, 188H. Andrew Hegonold settled in the Township in 1, bought of Thos. S. Sabin. He was (lernian born ; has .seven living children — three sons and four daughters. Philo B. Scott came to the Township in April, 1S35, and settled on the Southeast quar- ter of Section 5. He was born in the State of New York; and came to Painesvilie, Lake County, in 1807, with his father. He was married with Emelia Brown, step-daughter of (ien. Edward Paine, for whom that place was named. With a brother-in law, Henry H. Brown, he removed to Fairfield, Huron County, 1819 or '20 ; from there to Thompson Town- ship, Seneca County, iu 1826; and thence to Swanton. He had 10 children, of whom there are now living — Wm. A., Charles J. and Eufus C. A man of pronounced opinions, and expressed them fearlessl}-. He was a Whig up to 1854, and then a Eepublican. He was Su- perintendent of the Lucas Count}- Infirmary from March, 1845, to March, 1848. With Jer- emiah Stutts, he built ten miles of the Toledo and Angola Plank Road, from Swanton to near Holland, in 1850 51:5. His father (Joel Scott) and an older brother (Eufus), came to Swanton with him in 1835. Both died the following Fall, and wei"e the first interred in Swanton Cemeter}', on Section 8. Soon after coming to this State, Joel Scott put up, at Painesvilie, the first Flouring and Saw Mills in Northern Ohio. He made the gearing of wood ; took the stone from the quarrj- and dressed them for the Grist- mill. P. B. Scott's brother Chester, and sister Persis, came to Swanton in 1838 or '39, and lived with him until their death. The latter died in January, 1861, aged 62 ; and the former in August, 1868, aged 78. His wife (Emelia) died in April, 1865, aged 58, and he in April, 1874, aged 73 — all dying on the old homestead. W. A. Scott was born August 21, 1823. Came to Swanton with his father in April, 1835 ; commenced the study of medicine in 1844, the most of the time with Dr. Calvin Smith, of To- ledo; attended medical lectures at the Medical Department of the Western Reserve University, Cleveland ; taught several terms of School — two of which were in Toledo, while studying ;' was Phjsician for the Lucas County Infirmary 15 months; and served as clerk in Thomas Daniels's Drug Store, Toledo, one year; and practiced medicine for a few months at Vienna, Michigan. In April, 1850, he was married with Eleanor Johnson, and started with his brother Charles J. and others for California, by the overland route; returned um Panama and New York, in December, 1852. He had some rough experiences, quite different from crossing the continent by rail. With his brcilhcr (Charles J.) he purchased the greater part of the Northwest ipiarter of Section 8, inSwanlon ; made over the building put up by Luther Dodge for a store and residence, and got into it in the Spring of 1853, where ho has resiorn October, 1827, in Seneca County, Ohio. Came with his father (P.B.Scott) to Swanton in 1835; went to Californiii in 1S50, and returned in December, 1852; in 1855 went to Minnesotaaud remained three or four years, and then returned. He was in the Union Armj' about one year; was married with Eliza Ann Cowling, daughter of James Egnew, in 18(17, and has tlireesons. In November, 1886, he removed to Kansas. Rufus C. Scott was born in March, 1845, in Lucas County. In August, 1862, he enlistt'd in the Ohio Infimtry, and served to the close of the War. In March, 1867, he was married with Harriet Rogers. He has three children — two sons and a daughter. He now is on P. 15. Scott's old farm. Ira Wilcox came to Swanton about 1S4. 1.S41. John Shepler, West part Sec. 32; died recently. 1842. Matthew White, S E qr. S E qr. Sec. 19. Geo. and Sam. Cable, Northwest qr. Sec. 30 Haryey Kimber, Sec. 33 ; to California in and died there. James Manning, (built Geer House). James Linehan, N W qr. N E qr. Sec. 6 ; 1880. 1843. Geo. and John Kelso, N E qr. S E qr. Sec. 6. 1844. Wm. Pray, S W qr. Sec. 28; left in 1846. John Reuben ; removed in 1847. 184."i. Bucks, part East half Sec. 8; left 18.56. Anson A. Streator : kept log tavern. A. Deck, Southwest qr. Sec. 6. Robert Moore, lived on West half N E qr. Augustus F. Hull; kept Herrick's tavern. 1846. Jesse Tyler, N E qr. Sec. 7 ; left in 1853. . David T. Marriott; removed 1848. Francis H. l^ickinson.on W half N Eqr. Sec Daniel Weed, in the Township short time. Samuel Kelso, with other Kelsos. 1847. Peter Bird, East part S W qr. Sec. 20 ; died 1870. 1S4,S. Zebina Bathric. S AV qr. S E qr. Sec, 4; died of cholera in 18.54. 1851. Ludwig Schaffer, N E qr. N W qr. Sec. 5. John W. Harter; went to Iowa. 1852. Burr and Fred. S. Allen, E half N E qr. Sec. 8; Burr and wife now living near Delta. D. F. Clawson, E half E half ; died in '81 ; son (David W.) still on the place. J. Hartzell, S half S E qr. Sec. 5 ; now living in Monclova. Carlos M. Keith ; owned several parcels aboat 1860; now in Toledo. Miles Hayes, E half S W (jr. Sec. 7 ; die . years since at Ai. 1853. Geo. Russell ; he and wife died in Swan Creek Town.ship, Fulton County, 1879. Thos. Russell, S E qr. S W"qr. Sec and three daughters still there. Wm. Drayton; left about 18ti2. Geo. Girdham, W half S W qr. Sec. 20; John G. Wales, on part N_E qr. Sec. Swanton Village. '49, lied 20. left lew 1 ; one son still there. 7 ; now in 18.54, 1 856. 1857 1859. 1860. Cyrus Livermore, left 1862; died 1885. James Newell ; there two or three years. James Mullen, N half S E qr. Sec. 5; left 1^.55. John H. Brown, N E qr. S Eqr. Sec. 6; left '18.55. John White; soon went to Fulton Countv. Dr. R. H. Hoyt ; lelt about 1859. Nathan Jones, left 18.56. Levi Roscoe, N W qr. Sec. 17; left in 18.55. James C. Wales, N E qr. N E qr. Sec. 19; died at Whitehouse, in 1883. Daniel Wicks, S E qr. N E qr. Sec. 5 ; died in 1879; widow and son there. John Atkinson, part E half Sec. 8; died in June, 1878. Thos. Hewlett ; left in 1862. Melchior Schlatter, part W half E half N W qr. Sec. 6. W. H. Lucy ; died February 16, 1869. M. J. Esterly, N E qr. S E qr. Sec. 6. S. Rogers, part E half N W qr. Sec. 8. J. C. Sherwood, E half S W qr. Sec. 7. S. D. Rearick, 60 acres N half N W qr. Sec. 4. Jacob Hertzig, West half East half Sec. 17. BEGINNINGS. The first house built in Swaaton Townslii]) was of logs and as a residence for Chandler L. Wing. It \vas constructed in the S2)riug of 1834, and was located on the West l)ank of Swan Oi-eek, and on the East half of the South- east quarter of Section 8. The first frame house in the Township con- sisted of the dwelling and store of Luther Dodge, on the East hank of Swan Creek, and on the Northeast quarter Section 5, near the junction of the Northeast and Northwest branches of that stream. This was in 1837. The first frame barn was put uj) hj- Lewis Gale, lor Pray, of Waterville, in 1840. It was on the Southeast corner of the Northwest quarter of Southeast quarter of Section 29. The first frame building for a dwelling, ex- clusivel}', was that of William Allman, built in 1840, near the Northeast corner of the North- west quarter of Section 29. The first Road opened in Swanton Township was what is now known as the State Roacl, running from Maumee to the Town of Swan- ton, and on to the State line. It was located in December, 1835, P. B. Scott being one of the Viewers appointed for that purpose. The first bridge was across Swan Creek and on the State Road, and was built during the Winter of 1836-37. It was located 25 rods East of West line of Section 8. It was built by Samuel Barrett. The first attempt at fruit growing consisted of the small orchard of P. B. Scott, set out in the Spring of 1835. The first Blacksmith Shop in Swanton, was that of James Williams; the next by Bass; and the third by W. D. Herrick. The first and third were on the lot now (1888) owned by B. T. Geer, and the third on the Herrick place, near Scott's Corners (South end of East half of Northeast quarter of Section 7.) ' The first Wagon Shoji was that of Chester SW ANTON TOWNSHIP. Rfi3 Scott ; the second that of A. B. Wales ; and the tliird of Jamee C. Wales. The first ami second being located on V. B. Scott's farm (Scott's Corners), and the third on the Herrick place. The first Saw-Mill in the Township, was that of William Taylor, built about 1858, on the Northeast corner of the Southeast ((uarter of the Southeast (juarter of Section (J. Thomas Howlctt and Robert Taylor were afterwards connected with it. The first and only Town plat within the linuts of Swanton, was laid out in 183G, b}' James Jackson and James H. Forsyth, of Mau- mee. The plat was located at the Southwest corner of the Xortliwest quarter of Section 8, and embraced what is now known as Scott's Corners. Nothing beyond tlie platting ever became of the enterju'ise. The first public house or tavern within what now is Swanton Township, was ke])t by Hunt- ington Ijai-abee, as early as 1834. He left in the S]jring of 1836. The second house was that of William Houser, in 1830. Thethird, that of David Mills, in 1836-37. Following these were A. A. Shester, 1845; Jesse Tyler, 1846-53 ; Wm. D. Herrick, 1840-69. In 1842, James Manning built the house in which B. T. Geer now lives (Scott's Comers). Eeuben Hastings kept both store and tavern in 1844-46. F. E. Kirtland, Wm. Fullerton and others followed. At the time of the first settlement of Swanton Town- ship, the travel through it was comparatively heavy — consisting maiidj- of" movers," as the emigrants from the East to the West were called. The housing of these and the care of their teams constituted the chief business of the large number of small taverns found along the line of such travel. The cloth-covered wagons of the emigrants often indicated destination. Thus, families going to Southwestern Michigan and Northern Indiana, carried the long- familiar sign, "Bound for St. Jo." MISCELLANEOUS. Among the practices of former times now seldom found, was that of " binding out " chil- dren. A case of this kind is recorded in Swanton Township. In 1844, Henrv Knavel, guardian of William Notage, entered into con- tract with George Cui'tis, whereby young Notage, then 14 years ol age, was bound to Curtis until his majority, " to learn the trade and occupation of a Farmer." Notage was " to fiiithfully serve said Curtis and correctly de- mean himself during the term of his appren- ticeship;" while Curtis covenanted to "teach the said Notage the said trade and occupation, and j)i'0^'ide him with meat, lodging, medicine, washing, clothing, and all -other necessaries suitable for an apprentice; and send \\\m. three months in a year to School for the first six 3'ears ; and at the expiration of said term of .service, will furnish him with a new Bible, at least two suits of good new home-made wearing apparel, and one young horse to be worlh fifly dollars." Another of early-time usages now rarely met, was that of ' warning out of Town " in- comers " without visible moans of support," the object being thereby to protect the tax-pay(^i-s from the charges of such indigent visitors. Thus, in Wing Townshi]i, as early as March, 1842, we'havo record that the " Poor Mastei's," as Overseers of Poor were usually called, issued their warrant, directing the (Jonst.ible " to warn the Niger Gurl Merfey (meaning ])ossil)ly Negro Girl Murphy), to depart the Township forthwith," which order was served " by read- ing service," with charge of 25 cents therefor, and 10 cents for traveling fees. Previous to the formation of i'ulton (bounty, Swanton was the most central point in Lucas County, and as such was the usual place for holding jjolitical conventions and other County assemblages. For several years after the settlement of Swanton, game was quite abundant. Deer were numerous, with some Wolves and Wild Cats, and an occasional Bear. Elk horns were found in large number, showing the former presence of that animal. ALso, a few Moo.se horns. In the Summer of 1837, and for years there- after, Ottokee, Chief of the Ottawa Indians, with a part of his tribe lived on the North half of the Southeast quarter of Section 5. He owned the place, and occupied a house thereon. It was built by one Halford in 1834 or '35. The Indians hunted, and sometimes sold a ham of venison for 25 cents, and often traded for veg- etables; but the most of the trading in this direction was done by the squaws. Whartlo- berries were plenty, and the squaws and chil- dren picked them. The Indians kept many ponies and dogs. There were some jiatches of ground in different localities, which formerly had been cultivated, the crop raised probably was corn. The Indians protected the graves of their dead by means of a pen of logs similar in shape to a house. The Ottawas were gen- erally honest. Ottokee was a fine looking In- dian, and when the ba'ance of his trilie were removed West, he refused to go. He loved whiskey, as did most of the Indians, and died from freezing while drunk. On the Northwest quarter of Section 8 (near the original Swanton), was found a mound some thi-ee or four rods across, and about two feet high, which was filled with human bones, some of which were found but a few years since — probably the remains of Indians slain in a fierce Indian battle. Near the line between Sections 5 and 8, im the West bank of the Northeast branch of Swan Creek, were found in 1835 remains of a stock- ade .some six or eight rods across. It was round, built by digging a trench and settingin ujirighl tiinbei's, some ol which were halves of 884 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. logs 15 to 18 inches in diameter. As to the liuilders, no record is found. Possibly, it was built b}' a detachment of "Mad Anthony's" men, in 1794, or by Americans or British, during the War of 1812-15. The soil of the Township is sandy; tliat of the Northwestern portion being mixed with clay, the latter being better soil than the most of the balance. The timber in the North- western portion was White and Burr Oak, Elm, with some Sj'camore, Hickory, Black Walnut, AVIiitcwood, Sassafrass and Soft Maple. The timber of the balance ofthe Township is mostly White, Yellow and Pine Oak. The Township is drained by Swan Creek and its branches. The Creek bottoms and much of the jn-airies were formerly covered with water in the Spring and early Summer; while the Creeks, having mud bottoms, with serious obstructions from logs, etc., were the source of great extent of malarial diseases, which seriously affected the early de- velopment of the Township. But since the Northeast branch, heading in a prairie in Spencer, was improved in ISSl, malarial sick- ness has nearlj' disappeared, and the Township comparatively free from malignant diseases. SCHOOLS. Swanton was not behind other localities in the provision of educational facilities for the young, although these new seem meagre, as do like means in the cases of most early settle- ments. The first School-house was built in 1835 in the Northwest quarter of the South- west quarter of Section four. It was a rude structure, of logs. It was seated with long benches made of slabs, supported by wooden ]iins for legs. Along each side was a desk, made of rough boards, in front of which was a long bench, as before described. The room was heated with an open fire-place, capacious enough for large logs of wood. The first School was taught by Daniel S. Westcott, for a few weeks, during the Winter of 1835 36. That gentleman subsequently was Surveyor of Lucas Count}'. Mrs. Chamberlain taught a School during the same Winter in a house built by Willard Barnes, on the North bank of the Northwest branch of Swan Creek, in the East half of the Nortwest quarter of Section 7, where she and her husband then lived. The subsequent Teachers of this School, so far as the record supplies their names, have been as ioUows : 1839-41, Samuel Durgin ; 1841-42, Fred. Curtis; 1842, Persis Scott; 1843, Mary S. Crosby; 1843-4, Morris Curtis; 1844, Caroline Wood ; 1844-5, Lemuel Johiuson ; 1845-6, Harvey McCoy; 1846, Wm. Lewis. This School was held lor most of three years, in a log-houso built by Charles and John Eckels lor a shop, while putting up a Saw Mill frame for Jackson & Forsyth and Luther Dodge joint dwelling and store, in 1837. During the Winter of 1836-37, a second School was held in a log-house West of the Township line and a few rods South of the East and West center of Section 7 (near Scott's Corners) ; such School for most of that time having been taught by Mrs. Chamberlain. In the Winter of 1838-39, Peter Holloway, now of Monclova, was Teacher of this School. Subsequent Teachers in this District were as follows: 1839-43, Samuel Durgin; 1S41.42, Fred. Curtis; 1843-44, Morris Curtis; 1844 45, Lemuel Johnson ; 1852-53, Lizzie Emery ; 1853-54, Miss M. H. Earl, Mrs. Eleanor J. Scott and W. A. Scott ; 1854-55, Nathan Jones ; 1855 56, Jonah Brewster; 1856, Mary E. Dur- gain; 1857, Cynthia Curtis; 1858, Marv Merrill ; 1859-60, B. A. Geer, Cynthia Curtis' 1861, C. J. Hunt, Cynthia Curtis; 1861-2, Jesse Kerr, S. Mills; 1862-63, Eliza E. Scott, C. B. Wood, B. A. Geer; 1863-64, B. A. Geer; 1865, Mary J. Taylor, Eliza B. Scott, B. A. Geer ; 1866, E. E. Scott ; 1866-67, B. A. Geer, B. E. Scott ; 1867- 68, B. A. Lacy; 1868-69, B. A. Lacy, Maggie Emery; 1869-70, Maggie Emery, A. Warren, Addie Bennett. The first School-house in what is now Dis- trict No. 2, was built about 1837 by William AUman, Abi'abam Shepler and Jacob Yount, who hired and paid the first Teacher (Carl C. AUman) for the two winter terms of 1837-8, and 18.38-9, at $10 per month. Subsequent Teachers of the School were paid in part with public money, and in part b}" volun- tary subscriptions of citizens; and after the establishment of the present School system, wholly with public money. The following named persons taught in this District at the dates stated, viz: 1840-41, Cyrus H. Coy (now of Toledo); 1841-42, Moses Sargent ; 1842-43, Peter Van Blackham ; 18-13- 44, Isaac J. Spinger (now of Wauseon) ; 1844- 45, Ozeke Merrill (now of Ai) ; 1845 47, Samuel Johnson (now of Des Moines, Iowa); 1853—4, Anna Carter; 1855, Anna Trowbridge; 1856, Sarah E. Gardner ; 1857, Jesse Norton, Maria Nort: 1857-8, Matilda Matterson; 1858-9, K. P. Bailey; 1859, Pamela Lefly, H. E. Geer"; 1859-60, R. C. Quiggle, Sopha'P. Thompson, Armenia Quiggle; 1860-61, J. W. Shaffer; 1861-62, J. W. Bissell, Cynthia Curtis, Frances Bennett, Maria Haynes ; 1863, Maria Haynes, Louisa Winslow, H. C. Norton; 1864, R. H. Calkins, Addie Bennett; 1865, Sarah Gillett, Marv Nobbs; 1866, M. S. Nobbs ; 1866-67, John Shaffer; 1867-68, R. H. Calkins, Maggie Emery ; 1868-69, R. H. Calkins, Anna Rich- ardson ; 1870, Ira Hanam, Anna Richardson. Sub-District No. 3, was organized in the Spring of 1862. The contract for the School- hou,se was let to Fred S. Allen, May 17, 1862, and was completed in December, following. The first Teacher in this District was Eliza- beth Russell, who taught during the winter of 1862-63, and until the Spring of 1864; 1864 (at S WANTON TOWNSHIP. Sgr) $8 per month), S. H. Smith ; 1864-65, Virginia M. Bows, Norana Owen ; 18(]5-(i(), Julia Eboi-l3-, Abbie M. Coggsvvell ; 18()(i (h, B. M. Bur^e, Cjnithia Curtis; IStw-GS, Margaret A. Saxton, E. E. Scott; lS68-(;9, Wintieid Scott, Josepliine Parks; 18(i9-70, Orville J. Hatch, Maggie Emery. Sub-District No. 4 was organized in 1867, the first Teacher having been Clara M. Norton, in 1867 and 186S. She was followed b}* Mar\- J. Norton in 1868; Addie Bennett, in the Winter of 1868-69; W. S. Mills in 187(1; and Flora Carter in 1S70. School-houses are now (1888) located in the several Di-stricts of Swanton Township as follows : District No. 1. Near corners Sections 5, (i, 7, and 8. District No. 2. On line between Sections 29, and 32, and North and South center line. District No. 3. Near corners of Sections 3, 4, 9, and 10. District No. 4. Near corners of Sections 17, 18, 19, and 20. District No. 5. Corner of Sections 15, 16, 19, and 20. The Township Board of Education was con- stituted as follows for the years stated, to wit: 1S54. W. A. Scott, James Newell. 1855. C. M. Keith, James Newell. ISoG. B. T. Geer, J. C. Wales. 1857-59. W. D. Herick, J. C. Wales. 18(i0. Erastus Brown, J. C. Wales. 1861. J. C. Wales, J. G. Wales. 1862. J. C. Wales, J. G. Wales, G. N. Gardner. 18(33. J. G. Wales. Dan. Allman, G. N. Gardner. 1864. W. A. Scott, John Down, O. F. Mills. 1865. W. A. Scott, D. Allman, S. D. Rearick. 1866. W. A. Scott, John Down, F. S. Allen. 1867. B. T. Geer, J. E. Hatch, F. S. Allen, Parley Parks. 1868. B. T. Geer, D. Allman, F. S. Allen, W. S. Mills. 1869. E. F. Gibbs, D. Allman, J. H. Besson, W. 5. Mills. 1S7(). E. F. Gibbs, Henry Kizer, J. E. Barnes, J. W. Parker. 1871. E. F. Gibbs, D. Allman, J. E. Barnes, Wm. Beriy. 1S72. Lucius Horner, D. Allman, L. Russell, Wm. Berry. 1873. Lucius Horner, D. Allman, L. Russell, Martin V. Morse. 1874. .lohn Wagner, Aaron Jewell, L. Russell, W. A. Parker. TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. The first election in Wing (now Swanton) Township, was held April 4, 1836, when David Clute, Huntington Larabee and Philo B. Scott acted as Judges, and Harry S. Flint and liussell Tavernor as , Wm. K. Prav. 1847- 49, Ezra Wilcox, Zebina Bathrick. 1849-50, Ini Wil- cox. 1850, Ezra Wilcox. 1851-54, Daniel Allman. 1854-55, John G. Wales. The poll-book for Ai)ril, 1846, contained the names of the following persons as then voting: Philo Carter, David Harriot, W. D. Merri(dc, Seth Sweatland, George Kelso, John Kelso, Zebina Bathrick, Weaver Sheplar, Robert Ful- lerton, Ezra Wilcox, James Doran, John Shep- lar, Jacob Yonts, Lewis L. Gale, A. A. Streator, Ira W^ilcox, H. N. Cooper, James Egnew, Harvey Kimber, Jeremiah Slutts, Wm. Allman, R. Hastings, Wm. K. Pray, A. F. Hull, Chester Scott. Following is a list of the Trustees and Treas- urers of Wing and Swanton Townships, sinci' the organization of the former : 1836. Trustees, Willard Barnes, Huntington La- rabee, James Lindsley. Treasurer, David Mills. 1837. Trustees, David Mills, Aaron H. Pole, Eli Munson. Treasurer, Thos. S. Sabin. 1838. Trustees, William D. Herrick, Luther Dodge, Philo B. Scott. Treasurer, James Liiulsley 1839. Trustees, Wm. D. Herrick, Pliilo B. Scott, David Mills. Treasurer, Elias Faircbilds. 1840. Trustees, Robert Fullerton, Daviil Mills, Philo Carter. Treasurer, Elias Faircbilds. 1841. Trustees, Elias Faircbilds, Robert Fullerton, David Mills. Treasurer, Asa Beal. 1842. Tru.stees, James Dean, James Egnew, Elias Faircbilds. Treasurer, Thomas S. Sabin. 1843. Trustees, James Eiinew, William Allman, Asa Beal. Treasurer, Thomas S. ,Sabin. 1844. Trustees, Wm. Allman, Thomas S. Sabin, Simeon Bartley, Robert Kirkwood (appointed). Treasurer, Robert Fullerton. 1845. Trustees, Harvey Kimber, James Egnew, Reuben Hastings. Treasurer, Robert Fullerton. 1846. Tru.stees, William Allman, .lames Kgnew, Ira Wilcox. Treasurer, Robert Fullerton. 1847. Trustees, Reuben Hastings, Peter P. Bate- uiau, James Lindsley. Treasurer, Robert Fullerton. 1.848. Trustees, Wm. D. Herrick, James Egnew, .Jeremiah .Streeter. Tri'asurer, Uoliert Fullerton. 1.S4'.I. Trustees, James Fgnew, David Mills, Jere- miah Streator. Treasurer, Itobert Fnlk'rton. 18.50. Trustees, James ICgnew, David Mills, Jere- miab .Streeter. Treasurer, James IJndsley. 1851. Trustees, James Egnew, David Mills, Peter Broadsword. Treasurer, James Lindsley. 886 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. 1852. Trustees, Jeremiah Streeter, Wm. Fuller- ton, Jacob Brown. Treasurer, George Curtis. 1853. Trustees, James Egnew, Wm. Fullerton, N. B. Carter. Ti-easurer, George Cui-tis. lSo4. Trustees, Wm. Allman, Burr Allen, Philo B. Scott. Treasurer, Wm. D. Herrick. 18.").5. Trustees, Burr Allen, Wm. Allman, F. Rus- coe. Treasurer, Wm. D. Herrick. 185(). Trustees, Philo B. Scott, Wm. Allman, David Mills. Treasurer, Wm. D. Herrick. IS.'jT. Trustees, Wm. Allman, Abraham Deck, Wm. Fullerton. Treasurer, Wm. D. Herrick. l,s.)S. Trustees, Wm. Allman, Wm. Fullerton, Abraham Deck. Treasurer, Wm. D. Herrick. 1S59. Trustees, Jacob Brown, George Russell, IVter Bird. Treasurer, Wm. D. Herrick. 1800. Trustees, Jacob Brown, James C. Wales, Jacob Brindley. Treasurer, Thomas Howlett. 1861. Trustees, James Egnew, Oscar Mills, James C. Wales. Treasurer, Thomas Howdett. 181)2. Trustees, P>astus Brown, Andrew Rege- nakl, Henry Kizer. Treasurer, W. A. Scott. 1SG3. Trustees, Jacob BrowE, James Pegdon, Thomas Russell. Treasurer, W. A. Scott. 1864. Trustees, Jacob Brown, Daniel Allman, W. A. Scott. Treasurer, Wm. D. Herrick. 186-5. Trustees, Jacob Brown, Daniel Allman, W. A. Scott. Treasurer, Wm. D. Herrick. 1866. Trustees, Erastus Brown, Marvin Mosher, Oscar F. Mills. Treasurer, W. A. Scott. 1867. Trustees, Oscar F. Mills, Marvin Mosher, Jacob Brown. Treasurer, W. A. Scott. 1868. Trustees, Marvin Mosher, Jacob Brown, Oscar F. Mills. Treasurer, Urquilla B. Wales. 1869. Trustees, Jacob Brindley, John Doren, H. O. Horner. Treasurer, Robert W. Taylor. 1870. Trustees, Daniel Allman, Thomas Russell, Sebastian Brown. Treasurer, John H. Besson. 1871. Trustees, Charles J. Scott, Thomas Russell, George Girdham. Treasurer, John H. Lewis. 1872. Trustees, John H. Besson, Andrew Rege- nold, Lewis Odell. Treasurer, Rouse Curtis. 1873. Trustees, Andrew Regenold, John H. Bes- son, George Girdham. Treasurer, Lucius Horner. ; 1874. Trustees, John H. Besson, Andrew Rege- nold, Aaron Jewell. Ti-easurer, Rouse Curtis. 1875. Trustees, Aaron Jewell, Charles J. Scott, Thomas Russell. Treasurer, Lucius Horner. 1876. Trustees, Daniel Allman, Andrew Rege- nold, Charles J, Scott. Treasurer, Lucius Horner. 1877. Trustees, Jacob Brown, Lewis Odell, John Doren. Treasurer, Benj. D. Angell. 1878. Tru.stees, Lewis Odell, John Doren, Jacob Brown. Treasurer, Benj. D. Angell. 1879. Trustees, Jacob Brown, Amos S. Trout, Z. A. Barker. Treasurer, B. D. Angell. 1880. Trustees, Samuel Baker, Z. A. Barker, Thomas Girdham. Treasurer, B. D. Angell. 1881. Trustees, Thomas Girdham, Daniel Bor- duer, Samuel Baker. Treasurer, B. D. Angell. 1882. Trustees, Thomas Girdham, John Doren, Samuel Baker. Treasurer, B. D. Angell. 1883. Trustees. Samuel Baker, J. B. Richardson, Dwight Purdy. Treasurer, B. D. Angell. 1884. Trustees, Dwight Purdy, R. C. Scott, Z. Sherburne. Treasurer, Nelson Hagerman. 1885. Trustees, Andrew Bratton, Leroy Beecher, Thomas O. Fretter. Treasurer, M. K. Lee. 188i>. Trustees, Leroy Beecher, 3 years; O. M. Hatch, 2 years ; Jav Adams, 1 year. Treasurer, M. K. Lee. " 1887. Trustees, Leroy Beecher, 0. M. Hatch, Henry E. Brown. Treasurers, M. K. Lee, John H. Besson. 1888. Trustees, Leroy Beecher, Henry E. Brown, William Bird. Treasurer, John H. Besson. Eecord is found of the following named persons serving as Township Clerk for the years named : 1836 to 1842, Thomas Stanton Sabine. 1842 to 1845, Lewis L. Gale. 1845 to 1846, Augustus F. Hill. April to September, 1846, W. K. Pray. September to November, 1846, A. A. Streator. 1846 to 1847, F. E. Kirtland. 1847 to 1848, and April, 18,50, to Sept., 1851, Ezra Wilcox. 1848 to 1849, Zebina Bathrick. 1849 to 1850, Ira Wilcox. 18.50 to 1851, J. W. Harter. 1851 to 1854, Daniel Allman. 1854 to 1859, John G. Wales. 1859 to 1862, Benoni T. Geer. 1862 to 1866, Harmon Earner. 1866 to 1868, Wm. St. Clair Mills. Februarv to April, 1868, Fred. S. Allen. 1868 to 1870, Wm. D. Wilcox. 1870 to 1876, Wm. A. Scott. April to September, 1876, Frank B. Geer. September, 1876, to April, 1878, Wm. A. Scott. 1883 to 1884, Daniel J. Beard. 1884 to 1885, Amos S. Trout. 1885 to 1888, Wm. D. Wilcox. The following is a list of Justices of the Peace for Wiug and Swantou Townships: 1835— Chandler L. Wing, P. B. Scott. 1836— David Mils. Huntington Larabee. 1837— P. B. Scott, Benj. Fairchiid. 1839— Luther Dodge. 1840— Thos. S. Sabin. 1842— Elias Fairchiid. 1844 -P. B. Scott. 1845— Lewis L. Gale, Elias Fairchiid. 1846- A. A. Streator, W. D. Herrick. 1848— Philo Carter. 1852— John Shepler, W. D. Herrick. 18-54 — John Shepler. 18.55— W. D. Herrick. 1857— John G. Wales. 1858 -B. T. Geer. 1859— John G. Wales. 1865— John G. Wales, Jesse E. Hatch. 1868— J. E. Hatch, W. H. Lucy. 1869— J. G. Wales. 1871— William Beery. 1872 — John H. Lewis. 187.3— Daniel Allman. 1874— Wm. A. Parker. 187-5 — John H. Lewis, Geo. Walters. 1878 — John H. Lewis, Wm. Stone. 1880— Wm. A. Scott. 1881— Jeremiah E. Hatch. 1883— Henry O. Zeigler. 1884— Philo B. Adams. 1886— Wm. A. Scott. 1887— John H. Lewis. STLVANIA TOWNSHIP. 887 SYLVANIA TOWNSHIP. Sj'lviuiia Townshii), No. 9, of the original survey, lies in the Northern tier of Townshijis of Lucas County. It is bounded on the North by the State of Michigan, East by Washington Township, Wesil by Richfield, and South by the Townships of Adams, Springfield and Spencer. The surface of the Township is chiefly roll- ing upland, broken only by the Ottawa River (Ten-Miie Creek) and its tributaries, which pass through the Township in a circuitous course from West to East. Sj'lvania was originally noted for its fine woods ; hence the name. The timber is mostly gone, and well-cultivated farms have taken the place of ancient forests witli which the early settlers battled sturdilj' for the thrift and inde- pendence enjoyed by the present generation. EARLY SETTLEMENT. As showing something of who were the pio- neer settlers of thisTownshij), the approximate dates of their arrival, and where the}- located their lands purchased of the Government, is introduced the following record of original entries of land in the Township of Sylvania, covering a period of three or four years from the date of the first arrival. TOWN NINE, KASGE FIVE. West \i Southwest a See. .3, David White and Wm. Wilson, IS.'iJ; 80 acres. East 14 Southeast H Sec. 3, Havid White, 183i; 80 acres. East i< Southwest" 34 ^^^'^ ^ Augustus Prentice, 1832; 80 acres. Southeast l^ and Ejust 14 Southwest >4, Sec. 3, John Leonard- sou .Ir , ISM'J, 340 acres. Noiilnn'-t fnict. Hi Sec. 3, Jaines Dean. 1832. W'l -t ' ,, -iHitliwest izi" Sec. 4, Cornelius Mercereau, 18.32; 80 acres. l-iist 1.. N.iriliiMst I4 .'"^ec 4. Silas Smith, 18.32; 80 acres. Ta-i '.. Snuiliwr-f 1^ Sec. 4. Erastus C"orie, 1832; 80 acres. W , VI r. -iHiiliwc M '4 Sec. 4. Peter Lewis, 18«; 80 acres. Wfsi .', Soiitliucvi 1.^ Sec. 5, Fred. Loonardsou, 1832; SOacres. Southwest li and East ^4 Northwest >4 sec. 5, Adam Oordinier, 1S3J; 240 acres. West i-o Southwest a Sec. 2, Wm. Wilkinson, 18:i3, 80 acres. East >$~ Southwest ii and Northwest 14 Southwest ^ Sec. 3, John Lambert. l.'-;«; KiOacres. Nortliw est 34 Sec. 3, Jackson Hoag, 1833; ItiO acres. Norlhw est J4 Southeast % and Northeast Ji Southwest J4 Sec. 4, Silas Smith. 1833; lliu acres. Southwest 34 Southeast 14 Sec. G, -Vdolphus Majors, 18;t3; 80 acres. West ).o S.MitlieasI '4 Sec. 4, Lyman Smith, 18;i3; fU acres. South L>> Southw est !-4 See. 4, Philo Stevens. 1833; 80 acres. East J^j Sovuhuest 3-4. Sec. 5, Jncob Harwood. I8;J3, 80 acres. Northwest irac. Southwest J4 See. 4, Edward May, 1834. Southwest li Southeast 34 See. d, Abraham Ritter. 18;j4, 40 acres. West 1^0 southwest '.1 Sec. i, i.nos Beall, 1834; 80 acres. Soutlieast 34 Northwest '-.i Sec. ^, James P. Worden, ;834; 40 acres. N.ii thwest 3j Southeast '4 Sec 5, Robert D. Olbey, 18:j4; 40 acres. Northwest 34 Southwest J-4 Sec. 0. Wm. Brock, ltu4; 40 acres. Northwest 34 Southeast h See. 6, KusscU Rowe, 18:M: 40 acres. Norlhwesty Northeast 34 Sec 5, Jacob Harwood, 18:34; .10 acres. Norilieast !4 Sec. 2, Wm. McLain. 1834, IBO acres. Suuthw est part southeast 34 Sec. 5, Zepheuiah Shaw, 1834. \\ est '4 Southwest Irac. 34 Sec. (i. Joseph S. fabott. 1831. Southeast f4 Southeast ^ Sec. 0, Adolphus Majors Jr., 1834, 40 acres. Northwest 34 Southeast 34 Sec. 6, Isaac Doty. 1831; 40 acres. Southwest M Southeast 34 Sec. ti, Inuis Lewis. 1834; 40 acres. Part I old survey I Sec. 3, David White, 1>. R. Miller, 18:M Northwest irac-. 34 Sec. 1, Abner Rowe, 18;^. East 34 Northwest trac. Sec, 1, Wm. Kilkins, 1&35. West 3^ Northwest Irac. H Sec. 2, Wm. Prentice, Marcus Bald- wiu, 18:35. Soatheast 34 Section 1, Sheldon Lum, 1835; 160 acres. Northeast 1-4 Southeast 34 .Northeast 34 and Southeast J^ .Nortliwest '/^ Sec. fi, ■Tames .M. Whitney, 1835. 120 acres Northeast 34 Northeast KJ Sec. 6, Nathaniel Silsbee, 183.'); 40 acres. West y. Northwest frac. !4 Sec. 6, Stephen L. Wilkins, 1835 Northwest 34 Southeast J4 Section ti, Edward Doty, 18:16; 40 acres. Northeast frac. 34. or Northeast Subd. (new map) Sec. 3, John B. Gee, 18:j() East Suljd. Northwest frac. H (new map) Sec. 3, Giiillinie Four* uier, 1836. West SuIkL Northwest frac. 34 (new map) Sec. 3, Lewis Morau, 18:i.-.. .Southwest 34 Southeast 34 Sec. 12, Hiram Mosher, 1835; 40 acres. Northeast J.i Sec. 12, .lames S. Cabot. 18:i4, 160 acres. South i<.Southcastj4 Sec. 12, .Mary .-Vun Haucroft, 1834; 81) acres. Northeast 34 and .Northeast 34 Northwest 34 Sec. i:j, Wm. Han- croft. 18:11; 200 acres. Southeast "4 Si'c; 13, Erastus G. Back, 1834; ICO acres. South y. Northwest 34 and Soutliwest 34 Sec. 13, I'hilo Holt, 1831; 240 acres. Southwest H Southwest J4 Sec. 24, E. U. Back, l,s:i5; 40 acres. Southeast ^i Northeast 34 Sec. 24, Cvrus Holloway, 1835; 40aere6. Nortliwest I4 Soulliw est 34 Sec. 24, 'u. Palmer, m:).!, 40 acres. Northeast >4 Ncuthiast K and Southeast ii SoiUheast J^ .Sec. 84, livin (ireeu. 18:33; 80 acres. Eitst 32 Southea&t,34 Sec. 24. Zenas Leomird, 18:3-1; 80 acres. East 3^ Southwest K Sec. 21, John Urvnolds. l.s:34; 80 acres. Ea-st U Southeast 34 Sec. 25, E. G. Back, 18:»; 80 acres. Noutht'ast 34 Northeast 34 Sec. 25, Elizabeth Leonard, 1884; 40 acres. Northwest 34 Sec. 25, Joseph Stow, 18:34; 160 acres. West 32 Southeast X and Southeast }i Southwest a Sec. 25, Hiram Smith, 1834; 120 acres. TOWN NINE, BANCE SIX. Southwest 34 Southwest 34. Sec. 1, Russell Rowe, 18:14, 40 acres. East 3^ Norilieast '4 Sec. 1, William Felkins, l.s:;5; "8 acres. West Y2 Northeast ii' .Sec. 1, .\l)Uer Hone, 18:15; Irtx acres. Northeast }^ Suuthciist 34 Sec. 2, Russell Rowe, lh31; 40 acres. West 34Soiiihwi-sl i.i Sec. 2, Enos Beall, 1.^31; 8(1 acres. West 5^ .SoutlnMst I4 Sec. 3, Cornelia Mercereau, i812; 80 acres East 3^Si)utti\\i-si ^i Sec. 3. Augustus Prentice, 1832; :30 acres East 3^ Northeast 34 Sec. 3, L'riah Young, 1832; 76 acres. Northwest 34 Sec. 3, James Dean 1832; 152 acres. Wesi 3^ Southwest 34 Sec. 4, Wm. R. Merritt, 18.32; 80,icres. East i^'Southeast >i Sec. 4, David White. ls:32; 80 acres. Southeast >.i Sec. 5, Adam A. Gardiner, 1832; 160 ai-res. West H Souihwest 34 Sec. 5, Fred, l.eonardson, 18:3'J; 80 acres. EastKj Noitlieast I4 Sec. 5, A. G. Oordiner, 18:l.'i; Mil acres. Northwest \ Norihwi'st 34 Sec. 5. Nathaniel Silsbee, 1832; :3i) acres. West 34 Southwest 34 Sec. 6, Josei)h S. Cabot, 1834; 80 acres. .Southeast hi and East 3^ Southwest 34 Sec. 6, John Lconaidson, 18:32 ; 2S8 acres. South Lj Northeast 34 Sec. B, Samuel Kleiiiing, !s:i5; Til acres. Northwest ^ Northeast H and Northeast 14 Northwest 14 Sec. 6, .Vllen E. Wilcox. Is:!5; 80 acres. West 34 Southwest frac Sec. ", Joseph S. Heyden, 1S35; "6 acres. NorthwH'st 34 Southeast 34 Sec. 7, Benjamin Joy, 1.K35, 40 acns. East 3., Souliiwest fr Sec. 7, Robert .^IcBride, 18:35; 76 acres. East |o Southeast 34 Sec. 7, liridget Drake, 1831: 80 acres. Southwest 34 Southeast 34 Sec 7, .lohu Drake, 18:34; 40 acres. East y. Northeast 34 Sec 7, John A. Gordiiiier, ls3); 80 acres. East 3o .Southwest 34 Sec. 8, Jumes Rertbolf, ls;3:'; 80 acres. East lo .Northwest >.i Sec. K, David Lewis 1S32; 80 acres. East 35 Northwest 34 Sec. 8, Ahram Van Alstine, 18:32; 80 acres. Southeast 34 Southeapt 34 Sec. 9, Aaron B. Walkins, 18:33; 40 acres. Southwest 34 .Southeast ii .Se . 0, Nathaniel Allen, i834, 40 acres. Northeast 54 .Southwest 34 and .Northwest 34 Southeast 34 Sec. 0, Benjauun Tuubs, 183,; 80 acres. Southeast 34 Southwest 34 Sec. 0, Knos Beall. T*31; 10 acres. Southwest ^ Suath\\esl 34 Sec. Hi, .\al()n B. WalUiIls.l8;3-i; 4'>acres. West 3ij Southeast 34 Sec. 10, .Stephen Walkins, 18.13 8iactes. East >^" Souliiwest 3;; .Sec. 10, Eli/.a llallelt, 18.32; 811 acres. Northwest 34 Norlhwept 34 Sec. 11, Win. N. Uud.soti, 18;i:3; 40 acres. SoQthwi'Sl 34 Northwest 34 Sec. 11, Diiuiel Br acres. Northeast 34 sec U, Ira Fanctier, 18:14: 160 acres. West <<. .Soutliwest If Sec. 11. Dliv. r nine., 1823; 80 acres. Southwest i,.j Northeasts, Sec. 11 Philander Cogswell, 1834; 40 acres. ' East 34 Southwest }4 Sec. 12, Curl is Cogswell, 18:34; 8fl acres. Southeast 34 Southeast 34 See. 12. Uufus Conant. mW; 40 acres. West J/j Northwest 34. Southeast ,\i Nortliwest 34 aid North west 34 Southeast 34. Sec. 12, Thos. Uarlield. 16:34, liili acres. Southwest ','1 Southeast ii Sec. 12. Alson Wiug. IKll; ^uaclep. West 3^ Sou 111 west '4 Sec. 12. .'iardiuus Welcu, 1814; 80 acres. Northwest '4 Northwest;.,' Sec. i;l. Townseiid Kllis. 1h:i5; 40acres. South 3.. Northeast 3,j. Sec. 13. William Coats, 18:3i: 80 acres. East 3sv'Xorlhwest 34 Sec. 13, Joseph A . Coats. 1NS4; SO acres. West y Northw.st3j .Sec. 1:3, Ratiili CoaLs, 18:34; m acns. Northe'asi 34 Northeas! 34 Sec. 13, Rufus Coiuiiit. 183:3; 4 1 acres. West X Southwist 34 Sec. 13, .\mos Miner. I :14; Ku acres. East y Southwest ■<, Sec. 13, Nelson B. lUiwl, y, 18)4; 80 acres. West p; Southeast 34 and E '/, Souihwest 34 .Sec. 1:3. Aduu Kow- leyT 1S.34; 160 acres. Northwest 3, Southeast H Sec. 14, Eli Bancroft, 1S33; 40 acres. East 34 Northeast 34 Sec. 14, Harvey liinmau, 1834; 80 acres. 888 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LVCAS COUNTY. East J4 Northwest li Sec. 14, Oliver Miller, M. B. Savage, 1834; 80 acres. Northwest U Northwest U Secl4, Joshua Jiortun, 1834; 40 acres. Southwest Ji Sotitlieast 'i Sec. 14. \Vm. Bancroft, 18:32; 40 acres. Northwest jk. ^^yf^l '-> Nortlieast J4, Nortliwest 14 Southwest J^ aud NorOieast 14 Northeast Ji Sec. 15, Walter Crafts, 1834; 334 acres. East >< Northeast M Sec. 15, Philander Parker, 1834; 40 acres. West U Southeast H Sec. 15. Samuel D. Wiggins, 1834; 80 acres. Southeast % Nortlieast % and East ^ Southeast % Sec. 11, Ja- coli Gorrtinier, 18.35; 120 acres. • Southwest !4aiid Northwest H Sec. 17, Remington Cooper, 1834. East H Soutnwcst ;-.; Sec. IT, George W. Bullock, 18.33, 80 acres. Northeast 14 Northeast J4 and Southeast % Northeast M Sec. 20, George D. Bascomb, 1834; 80'acres. Northwest % Northwest a aud West X Northeast % Sec. 26, John Young, 1834: 80 acres. Whole Section 20, C. E. Dudley, S. P. Jermain, 1835; 040 acres. West yi. Northwest >,•; Sec. ;OT, Erastus G. Back, 1835: 78 acres. South y.. Southwest J4 Sec. 30, David Colwell, 1S34; 77 acres. Northeast I4 Northeast JJ Sec. 17, Phelini Parker, 1834, 40 acres. West yi Southwest frac. Sec..l8, 1835; 78 acres. .Southeast }4 Soutlieast a Sec. 18, Charles McOormick, 1835; 80 acres. W 34 Southeast J4 Sec. 18, Milton M. Morris, 183.5, 80 acres. East J^ Northeast H Sec. 18, Gardner Cooper, 1834; 80 acres. Northeast X Southeast % Sec. 18, Remington Cooper, 1834; 40 acres. West J4 Northeast and East 14 Northwest 34 Sec. 18, Warren Burn- ham, 1834; 158 acres. Southwest X Sec. 18, George Galloway, 1834; 158 acres. West ii Northwest J4 Sec. 19, Goodrich Griffin, 1834; 79 acres. West K» and Southwest 34 Sec. 19, Zenas Leonard. 1834; 79 acres. East l^Northeast %. Sec. 19, Joou C. Percival. 1834; 80acre4. Northwest '4 Northeast }4 'tnd Northeast }i Noithwest ]4 Sec. W, George Pick, 1834; 79 acres. Northeast >i Southwest ii Sec. 19, Calvin Tremaine, 1834; 119 acres. Southcji.'^t I4 Southwest hi Sec. 19, Isaac Tremaine, 1834; 39 acres. Southeast '4 Southeast y^ Sec 19. Silas Long, 18.34; 34 acres. East y« Northeast Ji See. 20, Luke Draper, 1835; SO acres. W X Northeast J4 Sec. 20, C. Halloway, Johu Hinman, 1834; 80 acres. West )i Northwest )4. Sec. 21. Jos. D. Hayden, 1835; 80 acres. West 14 Northeast H aud East H Northwest ^4 Sec. 21, W. and J. James, 1835: U»0 acres. East X Northeast Ji Sec. 21, B. Blackledge and .Stout, 1834; 80 acres. West y, Northwest H See. 22, Blackledge and Stout, ia34; 80 acres. Northeast M Sec. 22, Eli Hubliard, 1883; KiO acres. North % Northeast J4 Sec. 24, Daniel S. Bacon, 1835: SO acres. East i^ Southeast H Sec. 24, Brice Dille, 1835; 80 acres. West ^ Southwest X and Southwest J^ Sec. 24, Jedediah Jessup, 183:i; 240 acres. South ii Northeast H Sec. -24, Augustus T. Andrews, 1835; 80 acres. West f/2 Northwest J4 See. 25, Geo. D. Bascomb, 18.34; 80 acres. East ^4 Northeast ?4 Sec. 25, Justus Brown, 18-33; 80 acres. Southwest a Northwest J4 Sec. 26, Charles Allen, 1S34; 40 acres. PERSONAL MENTION. Many names in the above list became prom- inent in the affairs both of Sylvania Township aud the County. Adam A. Gordinier was nearly 100 years old when he died in 1881. Until his death, he was a lessee of land on the Mohawk River, New York, which he had held from an early time at 12i cents per acre per year. His son, Edward CTordiuicr, was one of the Commissioners of the State for the erection of the Northwestern Ohio Insane Asylum, and is now (1888), unhap- pily, an inmate of that institution. He is a man of pure life and much usefulness. Enos Beall removed to Lagrange, Indiana, where he became Probate Judge. He died at Fremont in that State. William was a Sur- veyor by occupation ; and from about 1834 to 1857 was engaged largely in surveying in this section of country. He died at Blissfield, Michigan, about 1860. The only one of his children now surviving in this County is his daughter, Mrs. Fitch Dewej', of Toledo. Benjamin Joy came to Sylvania from Genesee, N. Y., as agent for the lands of Messrs. Wads worth, who were among the most enterprising and wealthy residents of the Genessee \' alley. One of Mr. Joy's daughters (Mrs. Earle) is residing near Sandusky, Ohio. Eli Hubbard was a leading man in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and held many offices of responsibility and trust in the Town- ship. He was universally respected and es- teemed for his jjrobity and character. He died before the VVar ot the Rebellion. Haskel D. Warren was a useful and highly esteemed citizen. Few men have been more public spirited or generous to the pool*. He was one of the earliest Merchants of Sj'lvania, having followed that b;isiness continuously from 18H5 till 1870, in which year he died. He was interested both in Free Masonry and Odd Fellowship, and was a Knight Templar. Mr. Warren was noted for his liberalitj' to many poor settlers, who purchased goods of him on trust when the settlements were new and money scarce. William B. Warren, of Sylvania, for many years an active Railroad man and Merchant, and Foster R. AYarren, are the two remaining sons of Haskel J). Warren. They are among the most prominent of the older citizens of the Township. Of the brothers and sisters, Horace resides in Dakota; Joseph in Fulton County, Ohio; Alfred and Susan in Toledo; and Julia, wife of Miles Luthrop, resides in Sylvania. Peleg T. Clark, long an active mati in the business and affairs of the Town, was born in Waterville, Maine, in 1809. In May, 18X2, ho went to Flat Rock, Micliigun, where for nine years he was a trader among the French and Indians. He came to Sylvania in 1841. In 18313 he was married with Clarissa P. White, youngest daughter of Gen. David White. They had six chiklren. Mrs. Clark died in 1851. He was mari-ied with his second wife, Mrs. Schofield, of New York, in 1860. They had one daughter. He was Clerk of the Courts of Lucas County from 1858 to 1864. His second son, James W. Clark, was his Deputy in the Clerk's office. He was a promising young man and had uearlj' finished his course at Harvard when he sickened aud died, much lainenteil by his parents and friends. Mr. Clark died i'n 1887. John Usher Pease died at Sylvania, February 12, 1870. He was born at Parsonstield, Maine, August 2, 1796. In his 17th year he " bought his time " (the remaining four j-ears of his minority), of an uncle, and enlisted as a Drum- mer Boy in the War of 1812. He was at the battle of Plattsburgh, Lake Champlain. With limited School privileges, he fitted himself to teach, vvliich he did in Western New Vork,whefc- he was married with his first wife, who soon dinl. bearing one child, a daughter (Mrs. Hetty C. Wilson). His second wife was a daughter of Gen. David White, who with Judge William Wilson, were the founders of Sylvania Village, where in 1835, Mr. Pease and familj' settleil. SYLVANIA TOWNSHIP. 889 He engaged iu inei-chaiidize trade with Wm. Bancroft, whose wife cooked the first meal of vituals ])repared by a wliite woman at "tlie Forks," as Sylvania was then called ; while their daugliter (Mrs Dr. Joel Green) was the first white child born at that place. Mr. Pease soon became prominent in political art'airs, acting with the Democratic ]iarty, and held several public offices, including County Treas- urer, Associate Judgeship, and Justice of the Peace. Of decided Anti-Slavery sentiment, he co-operated with the Free Soilers and then with the Republican part\', until deafness and general decrepitude compelled cessation of active life. He was a Free Mason, though not affiliating with the order during his latter years. Though too old for military service at the outbreak of the Rebellion, he was the first one at .Sylvania to give a bounty to an enlisted Soldier. He suffered much, but patieutlj', during the last months of his life. About 18:!.5 Erastus Morse and wife came to Lucas County and settled where now stands the Village of Sylvania. At first he was engaged in farming and lumbering ; but about 1848, he erected a large stone Tavern near the center of the Village, which he kejDt for several years, but afterwards sold out and went to Missouri. When the Rebellion broke out he raised a Com- pany which was attached to the 22d Missouri Regiment. He rose to the rank of Lieutenant- Colonel, and on the 20th of December, 1862, while out with a detachment of troops on a scout along the line of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, lie was killed by a volley of Rebel bullets. Mrs. Morse survived him, re- turning to the neighborhood of Sylvania, where she died of dropsy, in Septeniber, 18153, aged 55 years. Andrew Printup died at the residence of his daughter, in Adams Township, April 6, 1870, aged (17 years and 5 months, leaving two sous and three daughters. He was born in Mont- gomery County, N. Y., October 23, 1802, and came to Toledo in September, 1835, settling on his farm a little West of Sylvania. His grand- father was a Revolutionarj' Soldier. He was active and enterprising in the improvement of his farm. He began his religious li e in 1837, as a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he held several official posi- tions. About 18(i5 he united with the Congre- gational Ciiurch at Sylvania, hoMing such rela- tion at the time of his death. He had been Justice of the Peace and Postmaster at Syl- vania. He was a member of the Masonic fr.iternitj'. Russell C. Thompson died in Philadelphia, September 27, 1876. He was born in Stoning- ton. Conn., in 1809. His chief educational privileges were limited to a single term in a country School. Bred to farming, he continued in that calling. In 1831 he was married with Miss Matilda Clendening iu the State of New York, where he resided until 1844, when he removed to Adrian, Mich. In 1S4() he came to Sjdvania and located on the farm which con- stituted his home until his death. He was ajipointiMl Su|icrintendent of the County In- firmary in 1850, and acted as such until 1860. About 1856 his wife died, and in 1858 he was married with Mrs. Jeannette Knapp, who yet survives him. For four years he was Presi- dent of the County Agricultural Society. About 1861 he was elected . I ustii'c of the Peace, and in 1871 as Representative in the Ohio Legislature, in both of which |)Ositions he con- tinued until his death. lie was a m^n of remarkable enei'gy and imiustiy, with a knowledge of human nature which qiialified him for special influence with his (ellow men. His death was sudden and unexpected, al- though his health had been delicate for some time. INITIAL EVENTS. The first log-house in Sylvania Township was built by General David White in 1832. It stood upon the North bank of Ottawa River, in Sylvania Village, near the site of his later residence, since owned by Peleg T. Clark. The first frame building erected was a store, built by Elkanah Briggs, and occupied by H. D. Warren. The first stonebuilding was erected by Judire William Wilson, for a store, and occupied by himself and W. F. Dewey, firm ol \\ ilson & Dewey. The first orchard was planted bv Gen. David White. The first Durham or improved stock were introtluccd into the Townshi]j by the Wads- worths, through their agent. Be jamin Joy. Th<^ first interment in the prescnl Cenicter. was that of the remains of John Harroiin in 1835. The grounds were purchased of N. W. Allen. Previous to the laying out of this burial place, some bodies had been buried on a saiul^- knoll South of the River, where, also, some In- dians had been buried. Indians were nuinei'ous here when t!ie fir.^t settlers eanie, and when it was decided that they should be removed to the West, the rem- nant of them Ciirne and made night hideous with a farewell dance around the graves of their kindred. Tlie iirst white child born in the Township was Lilibie Bancroft, in 1834. She was married with J. Wing Allen, and is now a widow, resi- ding in Kansas. The first School-house was built bj' General White at his own expense. It was a frame building, about 18x24 feet in size, and stood on land owned by J. H. Parker, iii the rear of the ))resent High School building. It was used also as a Jlccting-IIouse ; but when the Rail- road was built in 1836, the running ot cars on Sunday, in close proximity, so annoyed General 890 BISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. White, that he had the building removed to the opposite side of the Town, where it served as Church and School-house for several years. TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION. The first Town meeting of which we find record, was held Ajiril 2, 1838, when the follow- ing otficers were elected : Trustees — Plinj' Lathrop, Andrew Printup, Eli- jah Rice. Supervisors of Highways — District], Samuel D. Wiggins ; 2. William M. Nelson ; 3. William M. Leonardson ; 4. John Harroun ; 5. Benjamin Joy ; 7. George Gaby ; 8. David Hendrickson ; 9. Marcus Bennett. Clerk— William M. White. Treasurer — Daniel L. Westcott. Overseers of Poor— David White, Joel Green. Fence Viewers — John Harroun, Benjamin Joy, Elkanah Briggs, Constables — Porter Kelsey, A.dolphus Majors, Oli- ver Root. At this election 91 votes were cast. At a Town meeting for the election of Jus- tices of the Peace for the Township of Sylvania, held May 5, 1838, the following named persons were elected : Pliny Lathrop, John U. Pease. The Judges of election — Andrew Printup, Pliny Lat'hrop, Wm. M. White, " certify that the number of electors at this election amounts to thirty-four." TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. We give below a list of Justices of the Peace, Clerks and Treasurers elected for the Township since 1838, with dates of service : 1S3S, Plinv Lathrop, John U. Pease. 1839, An- drew Printup, Pliny Lathrop, Wm. M. White. 1840, James White, John Harroun. 1841, John U. Pease. 184G, James AVhite, Russell C. Thompson. 1849, John B. Corey. 18.50, David Harroun, Samuel Gordinier. 1851, Stephen Porter. 18.53, Andrew Printup, Peleg T. Clark. 1857, Daniel Brown. 18-58, Moses King, Anthony Bordeaux. 1808, Wm. Brvan. 1809, Reuben Sawver. 1871, R. C. Thompson. l'873, O. Hollowav. 1874, R. C. Thompson, Peleg T. Clark. 1875, O. Stickncy. 1878, Peleg T. Clark. 1881, Theo- dore P. Hoadley. 18S3, Miles Lathrop. 1884, Aaron B. West. 1885, George Vetter. 1887, Aaron B. West. Clerks.— William M. White, 1.838-42; John B. Corey, 1842-45 ; William F. Dewev, 1845 ; Clark D. AVarren, 1840 ; Washington H. Ruling, 1847-49 ; Hor- ace Green, 1849-51 ; Joel Green, Jr., 1851 ; Peleg T. Clark, 1852-58; John U. Pease, 1858; Don A. Pease, 18-59 ; W. n. Ruling, 1800 ; W. F. De\vey, 1801-05 ; Francis H. Brown, 1805 ; Lsaac Thorp, 1806 ; William Bryan, 1807; Charles H. Green, 1808-70; William Brvan. 1870-81 ; Calvin H. Haggaman, 1882; Aaron B. West, 1883-87 ; Lester B. Decker, 1887. Treasurers. — The following served as Township Treasurers for the years named : D. L. Westcott served as Treasurer till 1841, when Dr. Horace Green' was chosen to till the office. Haskell D. Warren was elected in the place of Dr. Green April .5, 1847, and served till 1852, when Foster R. Warren was elected Treasurer and served till 1857, when Fitch Dewey was elected, who tilled the office two years. Foster R. Warren was again elected in 1859, and held till 1801, when W. D. Moore was elected. He served till 1808, when W. H. Huling was elected. !Mr. Huling served in the office till 1872. W. D. Moore then took his place and was Treasurer till 1880, when Foster R. Warren was elected and held till 1884. Washington H. Huling was then elected and served one year. A. W. Bellows, 188-5-7. This Township has been well represented in the offices of Ijucas County, having had three County Treasurers — John U. Pease. Benjamin Joy, and Foster E. Warren. Peleg T. Clark was Clerk of the Courts six years, and William P. Dewey served as County Auditor. pioneer MEETING. February 22, 1859, pioneers of the Township of Sylvania and Eichfield, Lucas Countj^ ; of Amboy and Royalton, Fulton Count}' ; and of Whiteford, Michigan, met at the house of Ellis Parker, in Sylvania, the same being " married persons, who had emigrated there prior to 1836." There were present GO persons, jjio- ueers. After a dinner, the meeting was ad- dressed by different members. A historical account of the settlement of that region was read by Wm. M. White, when the time was occupied by others in brief statements of their several experiences and hardships. The first settlement of any of the Townships named, was made by Gen. David White and Judge Wm. Wilson, in the Spring and Summer of 1832. They made their location at the mouth of the three forks of the Ottawa River, now S3dvania, then entering the lands on which that Town stands. During that time 10 or 15 families came into the .Townshiji ot Whiteford, then under the jurisdiction of Michigan — in- cluding what are now Sylvania, Richfield, part of Springfield to the Fulton Count)- line, and Whiteford. They laid out Sylvania and White- ford Villages. In 1833-34 considerable additions were made to the settlement, the increase con- tinuing for 20 years. "The Toledo War " came on soon after the settlement of that section had fitirly begun, in which conflict most of the settlers were "good and loyal subjects of the Sovereign Territory of Michigan ;" and they have been of Ohio, since bj' law they were set off to that jurisdiction. It was resolved by the meeting to hold such a meeting annually, and to include Washington Township, Lucas County, within their circle. For this purpose John U. Pease, Wm. F. Dewey and Wni. W. White were appointed a committee of arrangements. No record is found of such subsequent meeting. transfers op land in sylvania. Adam Gordinier to Jacob Gordinier. 1.S34. Ezra Brailey to Benjamin Tiibles. 1834. Cha.s. McCoimick to Benjamin Joy, 183.^'. Rebecea Bell to Wm. Bancroft, Amos Miner and l>elavan Dewey, July, 18315. Augustus Prentice to Cornelius Mercereau, 1834. Eli Hubbaril to Orlando Rathwell, 18.34. Eli Doty to James Ready, October, 1835. Benj. Thorp to D. M. Severance, April, 1835. Horace Thacher to Abram Hitchings, August, 1835' SYLVANIA TOWNSHIP. S91 Kavid White to David Harroun, October. 1835. Stephen Watkins to David Harrouu. October, lS3b. Peter Lewis to Henry Pliillips, Ai>nl, 1836. Jolin A. Gardner to 11. )>. Musou, March, 18-30. (•vrii-< Hollowav lo Luke Draper, Noveiiiher, 18.J.> Wm. Wilson to" Wm. F. Dewey. May, 1830. Same to Wm. Haneroft. May, 1831'). Same to Beelie Comstoek, Kelii-uary, ISiS. Estate of Will. Wilson to W. W. Wilson, March, Ihll. Same to Elijah Kiee, March, tS43. Same to Amos Miner. Maieli, 184L Same to Joel and Timothy i.reeu, .Inly, 1840 Febniarv 10. 1819. H. 1>. Warren lca.sed to Sylvania Lodge. In.lcnendentOrderof Odd Fellows, a room in the second storj of !lK hnil'ling on lot No. 3. Sylvania Village, for 10 years. Darins Mills to Orin D. Hill. December, 1835. El iiah Kice to Sylvester Bennett, behruary, JMi. Squire B. .Tohnson and lieorge Hale to Sylvester Bennett, ■^'"David'white to Wm. F Dewey, February^, 1837. Thos. Corlcttto LsaacStreet. .January, mi. Ueni Rooi) to W. 1>. and Wm. Wilson, January, Ib.li. W McMillan to Peter Smith, February, 183ti. Elkanah Briggs to Wm. Y. Smith July. 183b. ,M,„-,.h An addition to the Town plat of Sylvania was hledMaich 34, 1837, bv nelavan D. Hawes, Coleman I. keeler, and Davis. It contained 31 lots. , „ . i, ,u.jr- I 'vrus Hollowav to Wm. Bancroft, October, IS-Ji. Hezekiah Inlver to Timothy E. Green, December, 1837. Eliiah Rice lo Elisha K. Blown, Ftbruary. 183i. Same to Bennett Wighiman I'-ebruary, ISoi . James A. Crafts to Warren Burnham. December, 1837. Wm P Dewey to Asa Minor. May, 1836. .^, , „ Samuel Alcott, John Van Blarcumand Ira Smith to George H. Rich, Angust. 1836. , , . * laot Wm F Dewey to Waters Shepley, August, 1837. Harvev Herman to D. L Westeott, October, 18.38. Jedcdiah Tnttle to Daniel Tuttle, January, 83b. Wm F Dewey to Wentworth West. Septemljer, 18.37. Luke Draper to Israel L. Converse, December, 1838. Jame.s Wilkison to Lyman G. Hoxie, I ebruary. 1839. Hezekiah Culver to Heman H. Smith. April 1839. David White to Aaron Cadwell. February, 18.39. Eliiah Rice to Elkanah Briggs, April, 1889. , ^ , . .John U. Feixse to James Dean, Andrew Pnntup, Isaac Lewis and Te.wn.send Ellis, Trusteesof theMethodist Episcopal Church olSvlvaiiia, lot 63, Whiteford ; price $50 ; April, 18.37. David White to Ambrose Beach, June, 1839. Isaac Washburn to Thos. P. Child, July, 1839. Wm Knox to Thos. J. Cromwell, September, lSo9. United States to Irvine Green, October, 1835. John A. Gordinier to John A. and Garrett Vroomau, No- "'''"ilerman H. White to Thomas Van Fossen, June 1839. Levi W. Bradley to Andrew Printup, March, 1842. Coleman I Keeler to James and Barthena White, Executors of the estate of David White, August, 1831. Delavan D. Hawes to Susan Phillips, October, 1811. Treasurer Monroe County, Michigan, to Carlos Colton, 40 acres, for $1.13 delinquent taxes, 1838. Joseph Roop to George Parker, August, 1841. Daniel Tuttle to Geo. and Geo. W. Clark, March, 1843. • David W. Hawley to Marion Wilson and Lavoney VVilson, October. 1840. ,, „ ioqr Isadore Burdo to John Burdo, May, 1836. 8 W Allen to Thomas C. Allen, January, 184^. Levi W. Bradley to Hiram Parker, March, 1843. David White to Cvrus HoUoway and .lohn Harroun April, 34. (;vrus HoUoway to Oristen Holloway, September, 1811. Emily Decker to Martha Uuliug, October 1843. H. D.' Warren to Ethan Streeter. January, 1843. Hiram A. Newcomb to (ieorge Redding, Oliver Custer, Ira S. Clark and James White to Sarah Newcombe, June, 1831. Uiiitid States to Sheldon Lum, March, 1844. Julia Wilson to Horace Green, April, 1843. Estate of Elkanah Briggs to Samuel L. Briggs, September, 43. Adam Clum to John F. Pease, January, 1*44. Countv Auditor to Adam Haas, March, 1844. Daniel B. Curtis to John U. Pease, Aprd, 1844. Horace Green to Wm. Cory, May, 1844. Ambrose Salsbury to John B. Cory, June 1844. John B. Cory to Robert Talbert, July, 1844. Horace HoUister to James HoUister, Onsten Holloway and Horace HoUister, Directors of School District No. 6 Sylrauia Township, a donation of 9 square rods of land in Section 13 , ^'^'wandimi*' Dudley and Sylvanus P. Jermain to Frederick ^"t'hn°u"pers4\o\ndrew Printup, Eli Hubbard. Thos S^ Cos'i-ove, S. W. Allen and Ciardner Cooper, Trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Parsonage in' '"^e Sylyania Urciut, for $140, lot 54 in the Village of Whiteford, on which Rev. Mr. Yourtee then resided ; June, 1844. „ . „, „ loir Estate of David White to Wm. Andrew, September. 1845. Erastus .Morse to A. W. Newcombe, May, 1844 Elliott Acres to Nathaniel Crockett, July, 1.845. Alfre.l Hopkins to Abda Dolpli, October, 1845 ,,„„,„„„,, Horace Green, for $35, to Sylvania High School [" ' " >■ (H D Warren, David Harroun, Benj. Joy, Wm. M. White ami Horace Green, one-half acre of land on Ohio Avenue, \ illagc of Sylvania, September, 1845. Abram Jessup to Lyman B. Stone, Fehruary, 1840. John A. Vrooman to Khial B. Vrooraan, September, 1844. Horace Green to Erastus Pitcher, .Tune, 1846. Peter Berth.ilf tii Isaac Bertholf, March. 1816. Horace Green to Charles .\nderson, February, 1846. Milton P. Pomerovto Daniel Christy. June, 18i7- Phebc Hopkins to Milton P. Poincroy. Jannap-, 1845. Adam A Gordinier to Edmunil HordinuT, December, 1»»4, Estate of Lviuan B. St,)ne to Ephraim R. Thornton, Jan., 4.'i. Waller Crafts lo Phebe Hopkins, April, 1844. Matilda MiU.r to (iiUs W. White, October, 1847. Erasius Piteher to Washington H. Hilling, December, 1846. Horace Green to Charles Amlerson, February, 1816. Elijah Kiee to Samuel I'ershall, October, 1816. Kohert D'lsay to School District No. 7, Sylvania lownship (Daniel Brown ami Wm. Watson, Directors), a lot 4 rods s.iuare, in Section 'i:\ Sylvania, donateil for School purposes, May, 1848. Nalhaniol Crockett to Almon D. Ellis, September, 1847. Hornets Green to Rufus Squires, June. ISIS. Ezra B. Brailev to Isaac Denman. A|inl, 1817. II D Warren to Smith G. Warren, Decemlier, 1M7. James White to Mary Clark, October, 1846. J U. Pease to Elijah A. Warren, September, 1848. Almon D. Ellis to Andrew G. Lathrop, November, 184(. Iiorus Desscnbury to Socrates Howard, November, 1848. Jeduthan E. Scott to Wm. Kipley, February 1849. Joel Green to Wm. H. Cooper, September. 1848. Mary Bywater to Elisha Benton, March, 1-819. Cvrus Holloway to John Harroun, April, 1835. Geo. B. Miner to Ellis Parker, July, 1849. TAX-PAYERS IN 1838. Following is a list of residents of Sylvania Township, who were taxed on personal property in the Spring of 1838 : ON HORSES AND CATTLE. All, John. Allen, Shadrack W. Bartholf, Peter. Briggs, Elkanah. Bird, Thomas and Charles Bennett, Marcus. Corastock, Beehe. Cooper, Gardiner. Cooper, Remington. Clark, .Joseph. Cadwell, Aaron. Cory, J. B. Coe", Enoch. Cosgrove, H. T. Cole, Aaron H. Carson, Charles. Dewey, Wm. F. Durfey, Daniel. Elhs, Townsend. Fairchild, Benjamin. Fairchilil, Leonard. Fuller, Willard J. Farley, James. Gardner, Adam. Green, Joel. Green, Horace Dr. Harvvood, Henry. Higgins, Samuel B. Harroun, David, Jr. Harroun, John. Ha\\es, Delavan D. Horton, Caleb. Hinman, Harvey. Hubbard, Eli. Hawley, David W . Holloway, Cyrus. HoUister, James. Hendrickson, .]. Hendrickson, David. Jesup, Jedidah. Kelsey, Porter Leonardson, Wm. Leonardson, Frederick. Lewis, Isaac. Langenderfer, Catherine. Latlirop, Lucian B. Lathrop, Pliny. Lathrop, Emma. Melona, William. Minor, Amos. Manly, Elias. Munson, Eli. Printup, Andrew. Pease, John U. Parker, Hiram. Parker, .Simeon. Percival, James. Root, Oliver. Roop, Joseph. Sperling, Charles S. South, Benjamin. Stow, Dwight F. SmitlJ, Hiram. Saxon, Henry. Snyder, David S. Titsworth, Josejih. Tumilson, AVilliam. Taylor, William. Van Alstine, Abram. Worden, Zerah. White, David. AVhite, William M. White, James, Westeott, Daniel L. Warren, H. D. West, Wentworth. Wil.son, Julia. Wilson, William. Wadswurth, W. W. Wollinger, Jacob. Yates, Abram R. merchant's capital and money. Bancroft, Wm., $50. Dewey, & Green, !j;300. Lee, William, $500. Paige. James S., ^200. Rice, Elijah, $.'>00. Warren (S Westeott, $1 ,000 . 892 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Green, Horace. pnvsiciANS. Minor, Amos. Smith, Hiram. MILITIA EOLL, 1844. List of persons liable to military dut3' in the Townsiiip of Sylvania in 1844 : Jolin Bellraan. George Hogers. Levi vV. Bradley. Ira E.^Lee. (lark 0. Warren. I.«aac Bartholf. Ira C. Smith. William Cooper. Ziirial Cook .Jr. Henry Fisher. Ikirace Hollister. Sherwooil Snyiler. WilHam Coiustoek. Elisha Pleastead. William Melony, Jr. Stephen Ripley. Joseph Kemble. Hiram Parker. Hiram A. W. Newconib, Ellis Parker. John I. Gordinier. Erastus Wiiliains. Ei-astus Morse. Harris Huling. William Wiggins. Daniel B. Curtis. Elijah Durtee. Cornelins Mersereau. Foster Warren. Charles Anderson. Isaac Lewis. Abraham Ware. Jedediah Jessup. J. L. Hendrickson. William Lee. Bebee Comstock. Alexander Fox. Almond Ellis. Sephen Porter. John Showier. William ."^eely. E. R. Thornton. Charles Straight. Warren Parker. Horace Green. Wm. P. Hopkins. James Van Horn. John Van Horn. Alonzo Parker. Adolphus J. Majors. Timothy E. Miner. Fred Leonardson. Wm. M. Leonardson. John S. Leonardson. William Gordinier. Benjamin Joy. Richardson Lester. John Call. Rhial B. Vrooman. Elisha Kimble. TOWN PLATS. The original plat of Whiteford was laid out by General David White, and recorded by him July 11, 1835. It lay on the East .side of what is now Division Street, Sylvania, that bemgtlie dividing line between the lands of General White and William Wilson, on the West. The plat of Whiteford contained nine Streets — South, Main and Erie, running Bast and West; and Saline, Clinton, Church, Eagle, Summit and Division, running North and South. Tbe Ei'ie and Kalamazoo Kailroad (now the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern) jiassed through Main Street, which was made to conform to the tract of that Road. There were 138 lots in the plat. The original plat of Sylvania, made by Wm. Wilson, L. W. Allen, William F. Dewey and D. D. Harris, was acknowledged before C. D. Wing, Justice of the Peace, June 13, 1836. The plat bears the signature of Samuel Divine, County Surveyor. It has five Streets running North and South — Ohio Avenue, Railroad Street, Michigan, Elm and Poplar; and eight running East and West — North, Indiana and Mill Streets, North of the River; and High, Spring, Market and South Streets, South of the River. The lots, mainly, are 4x10 rods. An addition to the Town plat of Sylvania was made by Delavan D. Hawes, Coleman I. Keeler and others, March 24, 1837. The business part of the Town has been chiefly built on the Wil.sou plat. Both of the original Towns, with large additional area, are included in the present incorporated Village of Sylvania. VILLAGE OP SYLVANIA. The Village of Sylvania was incorporated in April, 1867, the firstcharter election being held on April 17th, at which the following officers were chosen : James W. Clark, Mayor; Wm. Bryan, Clerk; Creorge M. Crandall, Jason Mc- Glenn, Foster R. Warren and J. J. Ritchie, Councilmen. The Council was duly organized April 20, 1867. The following uametl persons have served as officers of the Village : Mayors — James W. Clark, 1867 ; O. Holloway, 1868; 'Wm. Bryan, 1869; R. Sawyer, 1870-71 ; Smith G. Warren, 1872-73; O. Hollowav, 187.3-76; Miles La- throp, 1877-80; Stephen G. Bennett, 1881-82; Miles Lathrop, 1883-84; F. O. Peak, 1885-87. Cleiks—Vfw. Bryan, 1867; O. Holloway. 1868 ; G. H. Green, 1868-70; Wm. Bryan, 1870; C. H. Haga- man, 1871-76; Wm. Bryan, 1876-82; C. H. Hagaman, 1882-84; J. M. Hopkins, 1884; L. B. Decker, 18S.i-87. Oflicers for 18S7 : Treasurer, A. W. Bellows ; Coun- cilmen, R. Blanchard, T. Cosgrove, E. Harroun,T. B. Hank, E. M. Hogan, A. Reger ; Marshal, Albert Carls ; Street Commissioner, Patrick Hogan. SCHOOLS. The first School in the Township wastaught in a frame house built at Whiteford by General David White, in 1834. Few Districts were laid out until after the passage of the School law of 1837. We find in the Township records the following certificate under date June 28, 1838 : I have appointed Lncian B Lathrop, Pliny San- derson and Oliver Root, to act as School Directors in Di^trict No. h. in the Township of Sylvania. till the annual election in September n^xt, according to the provisions of the new School law for organizing new School Districts. Wm. M. White, Township Clerk. Eli Munson and Benjamin Fairchild received a like appointment for School District No. 8, January 4, 1839. The numlier of Districts in the Township in 1888, is six. The average number of persons of School age in the Township for the decade ending with 1886, was 300 (12 being colored) ; showing an average of 50 for each District. HIGH SCHOOL. In 1844 John U. Pease, Haskell D. Warren, William Bancroft and Horace Green, associated themselves for educational purposes, and pro- cured a charter from the Slate Legislature, under the name and style of "The Sylvania High School Company." The ol)ject of the association was declared to be "the establish- ment of a High School in the Town of Sylvania, and to promote and afford therein instruction SYLVANIA TOWNSHir. S93 in the usual hrauches of a sound, practical and liberal education, and in (ho languages, arts and sciences." In accordance with the provisions of such !ut, the incorporators met at the office of John U. Peaso, in Sylvania, on the first Monday in May, 184-1:, and completed their organization. We fiiul the following names attached to the Constitution in the Company's records ; Amos Miner. John B. Cory. A. .J. Majors! •Tames White. .Inhn IT. Pease. Elijab Riee. Stephen Porter. Jolni Leun.'inison, Jr. Daniel B. Cni'tis.s. David Ilarriuin, .Jr. H. A. W. Neweomb. H. D. Warren. William Lee. T. E. Miner. Je 'eiliah .Je.ssup. Daniel Dnrfee, Benjamin .Toy. Daniel Delvin. Ziiriah Cook, Jr. Beebe Comstock. Isaac Lewis. C. Anderson. William Corey. W. F. Dewey! Hciraee Green. Wm. M. White. Paul Hawes. v. D. Wfirren. W. H. Ruling. Frederick Leoiiardson. Enistus Morse. Khial V. Vrooman. John A. Vrooman. William Wil.son. B. W. Bradley. John Emery. J. W. Poiuerov. Peleg T. Clark. Isaac Treniaine. James Dein. The following officers were elected by ballot: Ames Miner, President ; John B. Corey, Vice President; William F. Dewey. Secretary; James White, Treasurer; Benjamin Joy, Horace Green, Eli Hnbbard, John U. Pease and David Harroun, Ti'nstees. District No. 2 of the Town of Sylvania hav- ing taken steps towards the erection of a School building, it was ])roposed by the High School Company to co-operate with the Directors of the District in making the house suitable for the purposes both of the District and the Com- pany. Accordingly, such arrangement was made. The building was located centrally, on the West side of Division Street, oecupjdng the same site as the present School building. It was about 40xG0 feet in dimensions, two stories high, and surmounted by a tower or belfty. It was opened in tiie Fall of 1844, the High School dejiartnient occujwing the u]iper siory. Among the Principals who taught there while it was under the Com])any's management, were ProfiBssors Gilford, Daniel L. Westcott, and Eev. J. B. Taylor. The School numbered among its pu]nls more than the average Village student--sucli as tlie following : Ira E. Lee, of Toledo, E.E.Wilson, of Bluffton, Indiana; Almeda Doty, of Topelca, Kansas; Chester H. Harroun, of Toledo; Don A. Pease and Foster R. Warren; James W. Clark, son of Peleg T. ("lark, who died in Toledo. The School con- tinued to be managed Ijy the Company until about 1850, when settleiuent was made with the stoekliolders and a dividend declared. The stock was finally disposed of to the Townshi]) Board of Education and the School passed wholly under the management of the Town Board. It has been a free graded School since 1872, with the departments of High, Interme- diate and Primary. The roll in May, 1887, showed an attendance in all grades of 102 pu- pils. J. C. Jones was their Principal and Su- perintendent ; Miss J. M. Collinson, Intel-me- diate Teacher; and Miss Lillie Young, Primaiy Teacher. The Board of Education, at thattinu^, were: Daniel Donovan, Pi'esiilent; Thomas Cosgrove, M. D., Poster \l. Warren, Francis Elliott, Alonzo Bellows and (^'ornelius Griest; J. C. Jones, Clerk. Aaron B. West taught the School f(>r II! years. He has been prominently idenlilicil with educational affairs since he came to (he Town in iSCtl, frona Toledo, where he bad been Teacher in the Public Schools. The present School building is a fiiie brick structure. It was erected in 1869, at a cost of »15,(K)0. CHURCHES. . Congregational.— This Church was origin- ally organized as " The First Presbj-terian Church of the Town of Whiteford," at a meet- ing held for that purpose in the School-house, November 8, 18:!4. Following is a record of the original members, and of what Churches they had Ijeen members in the East : Joel Green and wile, Philonielia; Simeon (ireen and wife, Sibyl; Elijah Rice and wife — all from the Congregational Church in Marion, New York. Robert Smith and Nancy, his wife, of the Presbyterian Church of Ovid, New York. Nathan G. Watkins and wife Amy, of the Presbyterian Church of Naples, New York; and Mrs. Sally HoUister, of the Presbyterian Church of Rome, New York. Others not hav- ing then received their letters, joined .soon after, among whom were David White and his wife Bertha, and daughter (Marissa ; AV^illiam M. White, Jane A. White, Flizji Hallet, George Peck, Alta Plumb and others. Wm. M. White and Nathan G. Watkins were chosen I'^lders, and William M. White, Clerk. The fir.st com- munion in this Church was administered on Sunday following the organization. The (Jbiirch increased ra])idly in members and influence. But owing to certain unsatis- factory rules prescribed by Monroe Presbyter}-, with which it was connected, the Church in 1844 adopted the (/Ongregational form of gov- ernment, and has since been known as "First Congregational Church of Sjdvania." Under the new organization, Jedediah Jessup and Elijah Rice were chosen Deacons, and William Lee, Joel Green and William M. White Stand- ing Contmiltee; ami William iM. White, Clerk. Gen. David White was influential in found- ing this Church, and was an active and promi- nent member of it iluring his life. In the orig- inal plat of the Town of Whiteford, which he laid out, is the following reservation: "Lot No. 17, S chains wide and 5 chains and 20 li 894 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. links long, is set apart as a meeting-house and p;iri=oii:ige lot. forever." Dav i(i Wliite came from Palmyra, New York, in 1^81, and brought his family in 1832. He was the founder of tlie Town and the active promoter of is " el fare while he lived. He built the first mills in the settlement upon the Ottawa Eiver, near his residence, and in busi- ness and educational matters was one of the foremost men of the Town. Among iiis many interests none lay so near his heart as the Church of his choice, in which total abstinence fr67; John Emmons, 1867-69 ; AVilliam Maclaren. 1869; Robert McCune. 1870-76; E. R. Loomis, 1876-79 ; J. C. Thompson, 1879-81 ; J. C. Cromack, 1881; G. J.Powell, 1882; A. E.Thompson, 1883; D. A. Bunker, 1884; Chas. Manchester, 1884; S. R. Dole, 1885. This Church in 1887 had 60 members, and the Sabbath School 75. Methodist Episcopal. — Rev. Elnathan C. Gavitt claims to have preached the first ser- mon delivered in Sylvania, in the Mill of Gen. David White, which stood near the residence of the latter. A Class was formed there as earlv as 1834, and not long after the first Methodist Church was "built in the woods." It is still standing, though remodled,and is part of the residence of N. B. Heath, on Summit Street. The minutes of the Toledo Circuit, under date of November 9, 1836, show that the " Whiteford Class " paid $1.50 for the quarter preceding. For the quarter ending May 26, 1837, the Class paid ^5.13 ;.and for the quarter ended August 13, 1837, $4.73. In 1836 Rev. Ira Chase was Preacher for the Toledo Circuit, which then embraced Toledo, Tremainesville, Norton, Bedford, Stony Eidge, Tillotson, Hopewell, Big Woods, Vienua and Sjdvania (then called Whiteford). Sylvania Circuit was formed from Toledo Circuit in 1842. It now (1888) embraces Sylvania, West Sjiva- nia and Farley (Richfield), with a Church edifice in each place. The present Church building in Sylvania was erected in 1863, under the ministry of Rev. Henry Boyer. The new brick parsonage was built in the summer of 1875, the building committee being W. B. Warren, N. C. Scott, J. Poucher, J. J. Richie and Harvey Kellogg. The Circuit Preachers and Pastors who have served the Church are given below. Ira Chase, 1836 ; Weslev Brock, 1838-9 ; Austin Coleman. 1840; John Tibbats, 1841 ; E. R. Hill, 1842; Samuel Yourtee, 1843-4; 8. H. Aldeman, 1844; Thos. J.Pope, 1845; William Thatcher, 1846; John L. Johnson, 1847 ; Octavus Waters, James Wilcox, 1848; Alanson Foster, A. H. Waters, 1849; James Evans, John Crabbs, 1850; George G. Lyon, D. W. Ocker, 1851 ; John A. Shannon, William C. Price, 18.52; William Thacker, An brose Hollington, 1853-4; A.B. Poe, H. Warren, 185.5-6 ; E. B. Morrison, John R. Colgan, 1857; H. L. Nickerson, 1858; S. D. Shafer, 18.59-60; John R. Colgan, 1861 ; Martin Perkev, 1.S62; Henry Boyer, 1S63-4 ; L. D. Rogers, 186.5-6; R. H. Chubb, 1867 ; C. G. Ferris, 1868-70 ; John S. Kalb, 1870-71; I. S. Lunt, 1872; John Poucher, 1873-75; B. B. Powell, 1875-77 ; J. H. Kater, 1877-80; F. Marriott, 1881; Joseph Wykes, 1882; John C. Miller,' 1883-4; Ashford Hall, 1885. MASONIC. Sylvania Lodge, No. 287, F. and A. M., was chartered October 23, 1856. The charter mem- bers and officers were as follows : William B. Warren, Andrew Printup. H. D. War- ren, Foster R. Warren, Benjamin Joy, William Wat- son, William Mct'ann, Benjamin Sumner. Jenks Morey, Elias Richardson. Lucian B. Lathop, W. M.; William B. Warren, 8. W.; Andrew Printup, J. W. The present officers (1888) are as follows: A. W. Bellous, W. M.; S. L. Kimbell, S. W.; W. H. Glann, J. W.; Wm. 8mith, Treasurer; L. A. Gillelt, Sec'v ; A. Cherry, 8. D.; Chas. Reynolds, J. D.; J. G. Taylor, A. J. Glann, Stewards; N. S. Root, Tyler; T. P. Hoadley, J. G. Taylor, W. H. Glann, Finance Com- mittee ; Wm. Smith, Chas. Reynolds, Geo. Fowler, Grievance Committee. This Lodge in 1888 numbered 58 members. Communications held in Masonic Hall, over the Post Office, Ottawa Street. TEMPERANCE SOCIETIES. Sj'lvania Union, No. 1, Daughters of Tem- perance, was instituted at Sylvania, January 3, 1849, and the following officers cho.sen : Mrs. Lucy H. Rice, P. S.; Mrs. E. H. Dowey, A. S.; Mrs. Catharine K. Green, R. S.; Mrs. C. Stout, A. R. S.; Miss S. Hubbard, F. S.; Miss J. L. Green, C; Mrs. A. B. Warren, A. C; Mrs. E. Cook, G.; Miss M. Warren, A. G. Sylvania Lodge, No. 49, Good Templars, was organized March 16. 1885, with S. G. Bennett as C. T.; Mrs. Olive Thornton, V. T., andL. B. Decker, Secretary. Officers for 1887: J. E. Emery, C. T.; Miss Gladys Parker, V. T.; E. W. Leonardson, Treasurer; Miss Clarissa Bryan, 4 SYLVANIA TOWNSHIP. 895 Seeretaiy; Miniiio Van Onner, F. S.; Miss E. Dol]ili, Chaplain ; Charles Seott, M.; Miss Lillian Parker, D. M.; Wallace Mersoreau, I. G.; Berl Mersoreau, O. (r. The Loili;e and furni- ture were burnt in the fire of 1887. FIRE OK 1SS7. On April 2G, 1S87, oceuired a tii'e in Sylva- nia which destroyed most of the business por- tion of the Village. Following is a list of (he |)riiicipal propert)- destroyed : Washington Lennnison. General Store; the .Misses l-voberts, Milliners; Milton Veas_v, Grocer; William W. Cowell, Harne.ss and Carriages ; William B. War- ren, (iroceries and Agricultural Implements ; Dr. W. .■\. Frost, Physician and Surgeon ; Dr. F. B. Hanks, Drugs, Dil.s and Paints; Owen, and Clark & Son, Meat Market and Groceries; William Bryan, Post- master. Post Office and residence; W. H. Tlnling, General .Store ; Temjierance Hall and Lodge of K. G. \i.: S. M. Judsou. Gi^neral Store ; William Chapel, Barber and Stationer ; Orson Adsit, Ciroceries ; Wil- liam B. Wari'en & Son, Furniture and Undertaking; Andrew Reager, Boot and Shoe Shop; John H. Parker, Groceries. This fire was a severe blow to the business of the little Villai;e. But most of the burned places have been or will be rebuilt. BALLOONING. As a j'oung man named Hoag, residing si.x miles from Toledo, and in Sylvania Tounship, was searching a piece of woods for missing shee|> on the farm of Salmon Miner, iu March, 1859, he discovered articles of clothing, bones, etc., which satisfied him that a human body had been consumed ordeca\ edat that point. The next morning the neighbors tnrned out and proceeded to the spot, where were found the articles named by the Iwy, including various bones, boots anil clothing. In the pockets were found a silver watch ; a jack-knife ; a purse with 8136 in money; and a letter ad dressed to a Mr. Thurston. Inqui^'y at Toledo soon recalled the fact of the loss of an aeronaut of that name, who made an accidental ascen- sion from Adrian, Mich., September 16, 1858, the circumstances which were as follows: At .S:30 A. jr. of the day named, in company with an associate (Mr. Bannister), Mr. Thurston made an advertised ascension, and successfully landed at Riga, on the Lake Shore Railroad, l)et«een Adrian and Sylvania. Stepping from tlie car, they |iroceed- ed to unfasten it and nnnove the lu'tting from the bal- loon, which, turning over, rested, neck upward. Mr. Thurston got stradvnship was originallj* part of Port Lawrence Townshi]), and was .set oft' and organized in 1840, its territory eml)racing the whole of Townsiiip Nine, South of Range Seven Kast, except the Southeast corner included within the original rimitsofthe City of Toledo. EARLY LAND ENTRIES IN OEHilNAL PORT LAW- RENCE TOWNSIIIP. UNITEn STATES RESERVE, TOWN THREE. Section 2, J. H. Piatt, Robert Piatt, J. A. North and VVra. W. >Vorthington, 1S19, 320 acres. Section 3, .J. H. Piatt. 1818, 480 acres. Section 4, Allen Warner, IS:!:!, 120 acres. Section 4, David IJurton, IS!!;!, 80 acres. Section 4, Ciiarles Burton, 183:;. 80 acres. Section 10, George Wadsvvorth and Jonas Williaius, 1831, lliO acres. Section 10. Thomas Bishop, 1833, SO acres. Section 10, Henry Roop, 1820, SO acres. RANGE SEVEN, TOWN NINE. Section 23, Joseph Martin, 1824, 80 acres. Section 23. Eben Burgess, 1826, 80 acres. Section 23. Eli flubhard, 1820, SO acres. Section 23. Moses G. Benjamin, 1822, 80 acres. Section 24^ Sanford L. Collins, 1832, 14.5.11 acres. Section 24, Thomas Bishop, 1822, ISti.GU acres. Section 24, Walter Titus, Jr., 1838, .57.08 acres. Section 2.5, TliaJdeus K. Austin, 1822, KiO acres. Section 25, Sherman Page, 1822, 160 acres. Section 20, S. W. Kennell and J. M. Whitney, 1831, 80 acres. Section 2(5, Michael S. Whitnev, 1831, 80 acres. Section 2(i. Noah .VI. Wliitney," 1824, SO acres. Section 20, Anderson Martin, 1825, 80 acres. Section 20, Dexter Fisher, 1825, SO acres. Section 20, William Hollister, .fr., 1820, 160 acres. Section 3.5, Elkanah Briggs, 1832, 81.00 acres. Section 35. J. W. Forbes, 1825. 80 acres. Section 35, Walter Colton, 1825, 80 acres. Section 35. Daniel Murray, 1823, 84.72 acres. Section 36, B. F. Stickney, 1821, 80 acres. Section 36 Thaddeus R. Austin, 1S22 160 acres. Section ISO, .loseph Roop, 1823, 80 acres. • RANGE EKiHT, TOWN NINE. Section 19, Joseph A. Trimble, 1832, 94.17 acres. Section 19, Benjamin F. Tyler, 1836, 75.41 acres. Section 20, Marv Lavoi.K, 1821, 77.68 acres. Section 21, Charles M. Giddings, 1836, 680 acres. Section 21, Seth Wright, 1843, .30.23 acres. Section 29, Pierre Seuecale, 1821, 104.51 acres. Section 29, B. B. Kerchival, 1S21. 80.96 acres. Section 30, Samuel C. Hitchcock. 1832. 80 acres. Section 30, Benj. F. Stickney, 1831, SO acres. Section 30, William Wilson, 1821, 80 acres. Section 30, Sherman Page, 1822, 160 acres. Section 31, L. Chapman and Ezra Bailey, 1828. 72.28 acres. Section 31, Bonj. F. Stickney, 1821, 149.85 acres. Section 32, David Shaw. 1839, 31 acres. Section 32, Horatio G. Cozzens. 1842 80 acres. Section 32, A. W. Maddock.s and Fred. Prentice, 1848, SO acres. Section 0, Wm. M. Rynd, 1832, 80 acres. Section o, Alex. Scranton, 1832, SO acres. Section 0, Edward Bissell, 1827, 141.35 acres. Section (!, Merceno Fox, 1830, SO acres. Section 7, Jerome Smith, 1833. SO acres. Section 7, Philo Burnett, 18:i3, 120 acres. Section 7, Hiram Brown, 1832, SO acres. Section 7, John Fossett, 1832, 80 acres. Section 7, Oliver Stevens, 1832, 80 acres. Section 7, Enoch Wade, 1832. S0.7 acres. Section 7, Ebenezer Wade, 1 832. 80 acres. Section 7, John Moore, 1833, 40 acres. RANGE SEVEN, TOWN NINE. Section 1, Charles Levoy, 1836, 29.20 acres. Section 1, John Dowding. 1825. Section 1, John Hollister. 1825. Section 1, John Hitchcock, 1834. Section 2, James Southard. 1833, 161.48 acres. Section 2. Wm. Willuson, 1832, 80 acres. Section 2, Amos Waite, 1832, 80 acres. Section 2, Dorby Gritlin, 1832, 160 acres. Section 3, James Southard. 1832, 2.35.15 acre. Section 3, Jackson Hoag, 18.32. 154.45 acres. Section 3, John Lamliert, 1832, SO acres. Section 4, Silas Smith, 1832, 40 acres. Section 4, Horace Thacker, 1834, 40 acres. Section 4, Philo M. Stevens, 1834, 80 acres. Section 5, Jacob Harwood, 1835, 40 acres. Section 5. Robert McLelland, 18.-J5, 40 acres. Section 5, .James P. Worden, 1834, S0.08 acres. Section 5, Thcynas Oorlett, 1834, 40 acres. Zepheniah Shaw, 1835. 40 acres. liobert Dolby, 1834, 46 acres. Abraham Hitier, 1834, 40 acres. Section 5, Lyman Smith. 1833, 40 acres. Section 5, William Brock. 1834, 40.88, Section 5, Jacob Harwood, 1833, 80 acres. Section 5, Wm. Wilkison, 1824, 80 acres. Section 6, Edward Doty, 1835, 40 acres. Section 0. Stephen L. Filkiift, 1835, 93.76 acres. Section 6, Benjamin Mallctt, 1834, 48.70 acres. Section 0. Isaac Doty, 1884, 40 acres. Section 0, L. Lewis 1834, 39.47 acres. Section 6. Adolphns Majors, 1833, 40 acres. Section 6, Adolphns Majors. Jr.. 1833, 40 acres. Section 6 Benj. Mallett. D. Mallett and Benj. Mallctt, Jr., 1824, 97.42 acres Section 8, Townsend Bartlett. 1833, 160 acres. Section S John and Christian Fungunten, 1834, 1 00 acres. .Section 9, Sylvester B. Worden. 1833, 40 acres. Section 9, Christian Roop, 1833. 80 acres. Section 9, Philo M. Stevens, 1S3.3, 80 .acres. Section 9, Peter Lewis. 1834, 80 acres. Section 10, Milton M. Morris, 18.33, 40 acres. WASIJINQTON TOWNSHIP. 897 Section 10, Joseph Roop, 1833, 80 acres. Section 10, John Lewis, 1833, 40 acres. Section 10, William Lewis, 1S3:>, SO acres. Section 10, Jdhn Knlirausli, ISIW, 80 acres. Section 10, Isaac 1'.. Wonlcn, 1S3L', 40 acres. Section 10, Benjamin Roop. 1S3II, SI) acres. Section 11, S. L. Collins, is:!l, SO acres. Section 11, S. B. Comstock, 1831, 80 acres. Section 11, Milton M. Morris, 1S33, 40 acres. Section 11, James Sullivan, 1831, KiO acres. Section 11, William Tavcrnor, 1831, KiO acres. Section 12, Eben Burgess, 183.">, 40.90 acres. Section 13, David Lewis, 1S32. -"lO.OO acres. Section 13, Thomas Bishop. 1823. IS4.S0aeres. Section 14. Peter Lewis, 1832, SO acres. Section 14, Thomas Bishop, 1824, SO acres. Section 14, Benj. F. Stickney, 1821. SO acres. Section 14, Ebenezer Wade, 1822, 80 acres. Section 14, Eli Hubbard, 1823, 80 acres. Section 1.5, Edmund A. Bush, 1832, 80 acres. Section 15, John Walworth, 1824, 80 acres. Section l."!, Joseph Martin. 182."i, 100 acres. Section l."i, John Levbonrnc. 1830, SO acres. Section 1.5, William Sibley, 1822, 80 acres. .■Section Hi, Eli Gray, 1834, 120 acres. Section 17, James Bellows, 183.5, 40 acres. Section 17, John H. Kellogg, 1835, 40 acres. Section 17, Clark P. Cartwright, 1834, 40 acres. Section 17, Nicliolas Wells, 1834, 40 acres. Section 17, Thomas B. Whitnev, I S.34, 40 acres. Section 18, Jeremiah Case, 1835, 48.55 acres. Section 18, Rufus C'onant. 1835, 07.11 acres. Section 18, Sally Case, 1835, 40 acres. Section 18, A. Mercer, 1835. 120 acres. Section 18, John Scott, 1835, 80 acres. Section IS, Ira Fancher, 1834, 80 acres. Section 10, Ale.x. P. Jones, 1835. 145.22 acres. Sectioii 19, George C. Williams, 1835, 48.41 acres. Section 19, David Jones, 1834, 80 acres. Section 19, Silas Long, 1834, 40 acres. Section 19, Joel ;\Iarsh, 1S34, 40 acres. Section 19, Edward Wolverton, 1824, 120 acres. Section 19, Caleb Tucker, 1834, 90.32 acres. Section 19, Chandler Tucker, 1834, 48.15 acres. Section 19, Charles L. Tucker, 1S34, 48.10 acres. Section 20, John C. Divine, 1834, 40 acres. Section 20, Elisha StillwcU 1833, 160 acres. Section 20, Henry J. Hare, 1833, 80 acres. Section 20, Marvin Haughton, 1833, 160 acres. Section 20, Job Smith, 1S34, 80 acres. Section 21, Joseph C. Trask, 1S33, 40 acres. Section 21, Nicholas Wells, 1833, 40 acres. Section 21, John Mattoon, 1833, 40 acres. Section 21, Philip Mattoon, 1833, 40 acres. Section 21, Selden Ba.ldwin, 1833 40 acres. Section 21, John A. Giardner, 1833, 40 acres. Section 21, Andrew Jacobs, 1832, 120 acres. Section 21, Oliver Johnson, 1832, 80 acres. Section 21, Daniel Murray, 1825, 80 acres. Section 21, Stephen Haughton, 1834, 40 acres. Section 22, John Holmes, 1824, .80 acres. Section 22, Eben Burgess, 182', 160 acres. Section 22, Alvin Evans and Andrew Jacobs, 1825, 80 acres. Section 22, Wm. H. Sabin, 1825, 80 acres. Section 22, John Roop, 1S23, 80 acres. Section 28, Samuel Sibley, 1833, 80 acres. Section 28, Nathaniel Glenn, 1834, 40 acres. Section 28, Joseph us Barker. 1825, 320 acres. Section 28, Jonathan Huntley, 1833. 160 acres. Section 29, Cyrus Haughton, 1833, 160 acres. Section 29, Daniel Brown, 1832, 160 acres. Section 29, David White, 1832, 80 acres. Section 29, Cornelius Mercereau, 1834, 40 acres. Section 29, Evans & Downey, 1825, 80 acres. Section 30, Justus Brown, 1833, 80 acres. Section 30, Hiram Brown, 1833, 40 acres. Section 30, Daniel Brown, 1832, 80 acres. Section 30, Wm. J. Wood, 1834, 91.26 acres. Section 32. Alvin Evans, 1.S25, 80 acres. Section 32, Benj. Farnsworth, 1823, 80 acres. KANCE EICillT. TOWN .NINE. Section 2, Ira R. (.irosvenor, 1836, I8.(i6 acres. Section 3, John B. Gee, 1836, 46.99 acres. Section 3, Lewis Moran, 1836, 24.76 acres. Section 3. Oliver A. Morse, 1836. 160.,SS acres. Section 3, Guillaine Fi>urmain, 1836, 30.()6 acres. Section 4, Alexis 1/abidie, 1836, 62 acres. Section 5, .loliu P. Cole, 183s, ,80 acres. Section 5, Wm. Hoskins, 1838, 80 acres. Section 5, ICdwaril ■\hiv. 1838, SO acres. Section 5, Horatio J. OUott, 1.S3S, 137.20 acres. Section 6, John Wendell, 184:'., 160 acres: Section (i, Sally Shaw, 1838, 80 acres. Section 7, John W. Tunnecliir, 183(i. "0.54 acres. Section 7, Matthew Hollenbeck. 18:!(), 160 acres. Section 7, Hannah Hancock, 1836, 80 acres. Section 7. Millard Trull, is:i6, 160 acres. Section 7, Seth Wright. is:',6. so acres. Section 8, Stephen Bollett, is:;6, 140.00 acres. Section 8, Daniel Buck, 1838, 80 acres. Section 8, Francis L. Nicliols, 1838. 30.10 acres. Section 8, Luke Cahoo, 1S3S, 80 acres. Section 9, Peter Allop, 1836, SO acres. It will be seen from the foresoing list, who made the earliest entries of lands in the original Township of Port Lawrence, as well as in that ])art which is now Washington Townshi]). John H. Piatt entered the North half of the Northwest quarter of Section 3, Range .">, Town ',) (now in Monroe County, Michigan) in 1S18. In Section 23, Township 9, Eange 7 East, Kli Hubbard, Thomas Bishop and Moses G. Benja- min entered their land in 1822; Joseph Martin and Elienezer Burgess, in 1824. In Section 25, Township 9, Range 7 East, Sherman Page and Thaddeus E. Au.stin entered land in 1822; and in Section 2(5, Township 9, Range 7 East, Thomas Bishop and Noah A. Whitney, in 1824 ; William Hollister made the first entry in Section 26, same Township and Range, in 1820; B. F. Stickney entered the first 80 acres in Section 36 in 1821. The list shows the dates ot a large number of other early entries in originalPort Fjawrence, as well as in that ]iar( which is now Washington Township. TRANSFERS OK REAT, EST.\TE. Laurent Dourochci to Dominique Suzor and Francis Menard, 1.50 acres, 1808. Moses Benjamin of Chenango County, New York, to Eli Hubbard of Detroit, 80 acres, for ^KiO; 1.S25. Thomas Bishop to Amasa Bishop, July, 182.5— .80 acres for $125; patentt-d to Thoma.s Bisliop in April, 1825, at $100. Part of this sold by Amassa Bishop about 1874 at !i!l..500 per acre. Henry Phillips to Conrad Kunkle, 1834. Philip I. Phillips to Sanford L. Collins, 18.35. Alfred Davis to Betsey tJray, 18.35. Paul (nioin to Daniel Chase, .\pril, 183() ; one- fourth part of the ''tiuoin farm," North of Manhat- tan ; fi>r $8,000. Erastus Cone to Blacksley H. Bush, Nov., 1835. James Owen to Samuel G. Turner, 46 acres, $.55, March, 1827. Dexter Fisher to J. V. D. Sutphen, 70 acres, 1828, 898 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Wm. Siblej' to Andrew Jacobs, 20 acres, |25; . June, 1K2G. Dexter Fisher to Hiram Bartlett, April, 1828. Win. Siblev to John P. Lewis, 180 acres, $1,200, May, 1S:!0. Richard Lambert to Kichard H. Lewis, July, 1.S30. Henry Phillips to Townsend Bartlett, 2 acres, |2.3 ; Novcnilier, Ks:jl. Cyrus Fisher to Philip I. Phillips, March, 1834. P. I. Phillips to Weeden Worden, September, 1inty, New York, with a large famil}' of sons and daugh- ters, and afterwards settled on the Northwest quarter of Section 2(5. They were a family of a good deal of prominence in after years; but fevv of the familj^ are now living. Major Keelcr died in I8ti3, aged 8() years, leaving a second wife and one son by her; the widow, a most estimable lad}', still lives, in the 91st year of her age. Contemporary with Major Keeler were Wni. Sibley and Eli Hubbard — Sibley from Monroe County, New Y^irk, and Hubbard from Berk- shire ("ountj^, Massachusetts. Mr. Sibley first settled on Half- Way Creek, in the Nortli part of present Washington. (This was prior to the survey and bringing into market of the public lands outside of tiie Reserve.) He resiiled there several yeai's with his wife, having no children ; but, unfortunately, got into trouble with the Indians, his only neigiibors, and re- ceived wounds from whicli he never fully recovered. Upon the survey of the ]uiblic lauds and the opening of a land office at Mon- roe, Mr. Sibley entered tlie East half of Soutli- east quarter of Sections 14 and 1.'). now jiart of West Toledo. In 1S:J(I, he sold to Peter iiCwis and entered Northeast (piarter Section 21, the farm now owned and <>ccu}iied l)y E. N. Sinilli, a nejihew of Mr. Sibley-. Mr. Sibley died in 183ti, aged about 00 years, lie was a brother of .ludge Sildey of Rochester, N. Y. Eli Hubbani .settled first on the East half of what is now Woodlawn Cemetery (the land not then in market), on the line of tlie old Military Road, where he built his first cabin, and where his son Hiram was born. The latter, in his "(ith year, is now living in Sylvania Township. Mr. Hubbard's first entrj' ot land was that of the Northeast quarter of Section 23, and be settled on the North side of Ten-Mile Creek, now on Lagrange Street, where most of his large family were born. In 1836, he sold to John Knaggs, and entered land in Sylvania, where he died in ISati, aged tJ7 years. Mr. Hubbard was a man of sterling integrity, hav- ing the full confidence of his neighbors. He was Supervisor of Port Lawrence Township when under Michigan control, after which he was County C'onimissioner for Lucas County for two successive terms. Major Noah A. Whitney, with his family of ten cliililren— five .sons and five daughters — two of the latter being daughters of his then second wife (a Mrs. Rose), prioi' to her marriage with Mr. Whitney, and two children (a son and a daughter) by the second marriage. This familj', witb the exce])tion of the oldest son, Noah A., Jr., who followed soon after, left On- ondaga Countj-, New York, in Se|)teniber, 1822, for Detroit, via Canada, with their household goods in covered wagons. One ot the wagons was drawn by two yokes of oxen, auiTtue other by horses. In this manner they started on their journey, .nid in soniethini; over four weeks reached i'etroit, having been nine days in getting through the Foi-ty-ilile Woods. No accident worthy of note occurred during the long and tedious journey. Major Whitney was by |)rofession a iManufacturer of Iron, and was atti-acted hei'e by reports that large ijiiantities of the finer qualities of iron oi'e were to be found in Michigan. After spending a good deal of time and money in pros])ecting for such ore without success, he came with his family to Monroe, and there remained till the Summer of 1824, when he purchased from the (iovernment the East half of the Southwest quarter of Section 20, now bounded on the East liy Col- lingwood Avenue, on the South by Bancroft Street, on the North by Delaware Avenue, where he built a block-liouse of considerable size into which he moved his family in the Fall of 1824. This bouse was in the rear of .Messrs. Laskey, Noel anurchase of that property as the best investment he ever made, and the ])arting with it as his great financial mistake, although cir- cumstances which he could not then control determined his course. Owing to the decision of his brother to return to the State of New York, Mr. Collins left Jack- son and returned to Detroit and entered the employ- of Lewis Godard, before referred to. In connection with an arrangement just then completed between Major Stickney, of Port Lawrence Towushi]), and Samuel Allen and Otis Hathaway, of Lockport, New York, to plat apart of the Major's farm for Town pur- poses, and make certain improvements thereon, Mr. Godard made an arrangement with Major Stickney for certain portions of the land so platted, hj which he (Mr. Godard) was to send a stock of goods to the prospective Town. The goods were sent from Detroit in December, 1831, with Mr. Collins as Agent, and placed in anold Block-house, located near what is now the cor- ner of Summit and Jefferson Streets (and then surrounded by a second growth of timber of considerable size). This was the first stock of goods opened for sale in connection with the efforts to build up the Towns of Vistula and Port Lawrence, now the City of Toledo. This Block-house was cotemporary with the old log Warehouse so closely connected with the early history of Toledo, and was, with others, built in 1817, by what was afterwards called the "Old Port Lawrence Company," in an effort to build up a Town at this point, which proved to be a prematui-e undertaking. In the Spring or early Summer of 1832 Mr. Godard formed a copartnership with Elkanah Briggs, of Kinderhook, New York, a man of large means, and sold him an undivided half of bis Vistula property (the name given to the platted portion of Major Sticknej's farm, and which is still known as the Vistula Division of the City of Toledo). He instructed Mr. Collins to build a store on the Southeast corner of La- grange and Summit Streets, to be occupied when completed, bj- Mr. Briggs, under the firm name of Briggs & Godard. When the build- ing was nearly completed it was tbund neces- sary to have hair for the plastering, when Mr. Collins sent to Detroit, by the little Steamer General Gratiot, Captain Arthur Edwards, but no hair was to be had in that market. He finally heard of some at a small Tannery at S8 "Waterville, and on going there found the hair, ofw'hichhe obtained six bushels, purchased factory sheeting, had it made into a sack, into which he put the hair, and with assistance placed it on the horse and started lor Vistula, he walking and holding the sack on the hoi'se until lie reached Maumee, whore he found a boat which took the hair to Vistula, whei'e it was used in plastering the first store and the first and onlj- frame building of any kind erected there during the year 1H32, except a small frame house built by James Ma4 Sec. 20, Whitcomb Haskins, 183S; 40 acres. Northwest ?^ Southwest J4 ^cc. 20, Wm. and Abram Pettinger, 18.33: 40 acres. Northeast y Northwest )4 aid Northwest J^ Northwest J^ Sec. 20, Matthias's. Van Fleet, 1833; 40 acres. Southwest yi Northwest Jj Sec. 20, John Pray, 1833; 40 acres. WATERVTLLE TOWNSHIP. 911 Southeast M Northwest JsJ Sec. 30, John Van Fleet, 1S33; 40 acres. Easi i.. s.mthwfst 14 Sec. aO, Thomns .'Shoemaker, 18.^3: 80 acres. Wrst i._. Nnrtlini'.'^t Vi Scc. 'i'J, Siihii.iii Cross, IftiJ; 80 acres. East I.. Northwest "r,' See. -29. Ualjih I-'arnsworlh, 1832; 80 acres. Soutli J* SL-ction 30. Isaac T. Dudlev, 18)2: 3211 acres. Southwest J4 Nnrthcasi 'i. See. 30. Lvman liiKilev, 1833; 40 acres. Northwest it Seetiou 30, Elisha Hunt. W.iS: 160 acres. West H Northwest H Sec. 31, Isaac T. Dudley, 1833; 80 acres. East )o Northwest U, Sec. 31, Elijah Doihl, 1843: 80 acres. RANGE NINE, TOWN SEVEN. Southwest i4 Section ati, Valeutiuc Wiuslow, 1S.S3; rji'i.ilS acres. East 'A Southeast '4 See. 2(1, Africa Spaliliiis;. 1SI3: HO acres. Northwest I4 Si.'iuhrHst ^ See. 2(), Samuel Davis, 1H30; 40 acres. West part Soiithw est !_, .See. Sli, Kihvanl Ofjiieu, l.s^ll; 80 acres. Norlliwesl frac. Jii .Sec. 27, Daniel Barnes, 18:38: 8:). 13 acres. Northeast }4 Northeast frac. U Sec 37. Edward Ogden, 1812: 40.21 acres. Northwest frac. Northeast }i (old survey) Sec. 34, Pari.s Pray. 1833: 74.88 acres. Northwest "-^ East L^ and West }i Northeast J4 Sec. 34, Harvey Kimber, : 560 acres East I4 Northea.st I4 .Sec. 34. Wm. Martin. 18.'^4: 80 acres. North jiart Northeast fraction Sec. 55, Philip Cripliver, 1830: 8().40 acres. South part frac. H Sec. .35, Jacob McQuilling, 1839; 90.10 acres. South 14 Southeast frac. « Sec. 35, O. V. R. Crosby, 1844; 76.08 acres. North ii Southeast frac. J^ Sec. 35, H. L Wood. 1812; 52 acres. Southwest l^Northeast J4 Sec. 35, John Holligcr, 1844:26.31 acres. Northwest friie. 14 .Sec. 35, Bernard Long, 1848: 154.92 acres. Southw e.-t I4 Section 35, James Craven. 1842; IfiO acres. West u, .Suutheast H Sec. :'S. William Lvttle, 1836: 80 acres. East U, Soutlieast hi Sec. .36, John Miller, 18:59; 80 acres. East H Southwest H and iast % Northwest 14 Sec. 36, Philip Cripliver. 18:J9: 160 acres. Southwest corner Southwest J4 Sec. 36, John Pray, — ; 3.49 acres. RANGE NINE, TOWN SIX. Northwest fraction Section 1, John Fray, 1843; 67.93 acres. East y> Northeast M and Northeast fraction Southeast ^ Section 1, John Roop, 1843: 117.50 acres. .Southeast % Southeast H Sec. 1, John fJ. Schneider,»n842: 45 59 acres. South X Southwest H Sec. 1. Frederick Fericel, 1842; 87.86 acres. Southwest yi Southwest }4 Sec. 1, A. J. Eldridge, 1840; 40.39 acres. Northwest M Southwest H Sec. 1, J. F. Burnett. 1842; 44.40 acres. North part Northciist frac. H Sec. 2, Jos. Hall, 1842: 62.12 acree. North part Northeast frac. Ji Sec. 8, James (.'raven, 1844: 80 acres. Southeast % Section 2, Josepli White, 1842; 160 acres. Southea.st In .Southwest yi Sec. 2, Geo. Schnabel, 1S53; 80 acres. West 1.. Southwest <4 Sec. 3. A. J. Eldridgi', 1M2; 80 acres. Nort hw est '•4 Norttiwest J4 Sec. 2. Harvey Kimber,1842; 62.2:5 acres. Southwest I4 Sections, John Bacon, 1850; 160 acres. Southwest "ti Southeast frac. }-i Sec. 3, Frederick (irimm, 1.S50; 40 acres. Northeast fraction Sec. 3, Rika Grimm, 1850: 60.02 acres. West frac. .Southeast K Sec. 3, John Bacon, 1848; 80 acres. East J4 Southeast a Sec. 3, George Black, 1842; 80 acres. Southeast % frac. Northeast % Sec. 3, John G. Schneider, 1812; 40 acres. East J4 Northeast }i Sec. 10, Levi Riuehart and John Bacon, 1842; 80 acres. Nortnwest H Section 10, John M. Meyer, Jr., 1842; 160 acres. Southwest }^ Section 10, James Craven, 1844; 160 acres. Northeast jij Southeast hi Sec. 10, John M. -Meyer, 1842; 40 acres. Section II, Geo. Schnabel, 1843; 640 acres. Fraction Section 12, John Pray, 1833; 13.96 acres. North frac.Northeast frac. hi Sec. 12, Wm. Lyttle, 1844; 61.30 acres. South frac. Northeast frac. J^ Sec. 12, Patrick Harrington, 1842; 86.94 acres. Southeast J^ and Southwest ^ and .South \i Northwest J^ and Northwest V Northwest % Sec. 13, Joseph White, 1842; 482.27 acres. Northwest y Section 12, Cicorge Sclraabel, 184:3; 160 acres. Southwest )4 Section 13, A. H. Lansdale, 1842; 167.68 acres. Lots 1 and 2, Sec. 24, Jeremiah C'lav, 1852; .86 acres. West % Section 24, Jacob Fancher, 1834: 258.93 acres. North y. Southeast % and East H Northeast M Sec. 24, A. II. and R. Lansdale, 1.842; 132.57 acres. RANGE TEN, TOWN SIX. South part frac. Sec. 6, Isaac T. Dudley, 1833. 87.20 acres. North % frac_ %Sec, 6, Thos. Shoemaker, 183'.i; 78 78 acres. Lots 1, 8,and South part Sec. 7, Joseph White, 1842; 89..89 acres. North >« Northwest )4 Sec. 19, Myers .Shoemaker, 1842; 80 acres. Southwest hi Northwest >4 Sec. 19, A. H. Lansdale, 1H42; 40 acres. Southeast 3^ Northwest frac. hi Sec. 19, Myers shoemaker, 1813; 33.40 acres. RANGE TEN, TOWN SEVEN. South a Section .30, James G. Harrah, 1823; 89.66 acres. North i^ fraction Sec. 31, Geo. Uhinehart, 1839, ,'i6.40 acres. TRANSFERS OF REAL ESTATE. The following reconl of the early sales of property is useful as showing the dates when purchasers became interested in the locality : John Pray to William Oliver, 180 Bcreo, lot 2« United States Re- serve. 8*»2: 1826. R. A. Forsyth to Anthony I>a Point, 1828. Same to John Van Fleet, 1839. Francis Ditts to Jane Richardson, 1830. Moses Thompson to Collister IIa.skins, tract 38. 135 acres, 1H37; $203. John Pray to Daiiii'l l.akiii, 1831. .lohli l'ra\ to.Inhu I'ittiliuer. 18:13. Isiuic Iliidley to Alansing Wat.soii : Seiit., 1834. Same to Capt. Elijah Kiurin>. Feb., 18.3.5. I'hilandcr Noble, to .Mfrcil Hamilton, 1834. Lewis Saunvcr to John Fowler. 18:J5. John Pray to.lolin O. Ensiiin, I8.i.'>. Oliver Pray to Janu's .sperry. 18;16. John Wiuiienbcrg to Welcome Pray and Galen H. Abel. 1.8:i5. .lobii Pray to Henry Reed, June, 18:i3, lilti acres in Tract 35, 83,8i'>4. .lacob Eberlv to Paris I'rav, IS33. Daniel Metzker to Michael rucai.ber. March, 18:15. .lohn Pray to Hernuiii S.Ctu'tis. l.s;}5. Luther Hutchison to Wele. John Pray to .lacob Eberlv. .\pril, 18:13 : lot 21. Waterville, $50. .lohn Hinger to Beder Gross, 18:16. <.>liverPray to .lohn Pray, l.s;j6. Luther Hutchinson to David Hall, 18:ii;. In March, 1836, Saw-en-de-baus, or the Yellow Hair, aUa$ Peter Minor (an adopted sou of Ton-dog-a-nee, Chief of the Ottawa trib^' of Indians), in consittawas iii February I8'W; the same lying on the North side of Maumce River, at the Wolf Rapids. Angelica, wife of Peter Minor, joiiu'd in the deed. The witnesses to the conveyance were Guy Nearin;; and James King; the former as Justice of the Peace, taking Minor's acknowledgment of the same : while J. H. Forsyth. Horatio Conant, C. (.'. P. Hunt and Oscar White eertitied to'Minor's litiu'ss t<) transact such business, and to the snilieieney of the price paid for the property. Gen. Lewis Cass, then Seci"etary of War, endorsed the high respecta- bility of these parties. In August, 18:16, the same properly was deeded back to Minor by the grantees of his deed, at the same )irice, $60,000. Harmon J. Curtis to .Vbbey Cole, ls;l6. Philip Cripliver to .lohn Cripliver. 1.^16. John Pray to Theophilus short and Ira Wilder, October. 18:15. Granger Island, in the Maumce River, and lots in Water- ville, for S7, 000: Pray reserving certain privileges, includiiiK the removal of 'everything iii the old Mill on the Islantl, e.'ccept tlae Water-Whcel. and the rcmitvai of the contcnt.s of barn." James Ballard I0 Ira White, February, 18:17. John Pray to Joseph E. Hall, lot 105 in the Town of Waterville, May, 1837; price $160. John Pray to Herman J. Curtis, James Carncll and Henry A. Cooper, .\pril. 18:J7. David Holiart to Wm. Cox, March, iwi7. John Galloway to Henry (iailoway .\pril, 1837. John Prav to V. Crosbv and Daniel Salpaugh, 18.37. Wm. J Keteham lo John Van Fleet, 18:16. Willard Gunn (..John Van Fleet. April, 18:17 Jacob Mcljuilling to John Holli(;cr, March, \KV,. John Prav to Orson Warrincr, Orin W^arriner and Har\cy V. Mann', May. 18:17. John Pray 10 Thomas Blair, May. 18;iS. Stisan Thorp lo Clarissa Thorp, -Inly, 18:17. .iidin I'ray to .\nslem Carev, .nine, 183H. A. H.Crosby to John lIoaK.'Mav, 1838. John Pray to Rial stebbins April, 18'i8. John Prav Daniel Salpaugh, May. 1S38. John Hogne to Eleanor M. I'ost. Jtinc, 18.38. Warren Trcmaine to JetVcrsou Van Fleet. .Si'pteniber. 18:18. Oilman Cbedic to John Wright. November, 11^:17. John Prav lo Alpha Ci>lc. Edward 1>. .Sargent. Daviil G. Hancock and Ebenczer tiillelt. 1888. Elisha Williams lo Samuel Gould. January, 1839. John Pray to Wm. Scbenck. July, 18;!9. John Pray toW'elctunc Prav, Mav, IKKt : lo Jnliu>s Carroll, May, 1839 ; anil to Orson Ball'ou, May, 18'j9. 912 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Hiram Smitli to Henrv I-.. WoofI, April, 1839. Edward R. Dyer, to Steiilien F. Dyer and Eseck H. Dyt-r, April, ia39. \Vm. P. Hcziior to Peter P. Batomaii, Septcmlier, 18.S9- John Prav to Siniou Bartloy, February, 1840: to Chas. G. Car- roltoii. DeeoiTilier. 18W); to Lorenzo P. Dndly. March, 1840; to Burton H. llickox, July. 1839 ; to Lorenzo L. Morehonse, June, 184(1. John Van Fleet to.Jolin O. Ensign, March. 1840. Orri.s V. frosljv to Eleanor N. Kl.lriilKe, Ajiril. 1840. Warren Trenia'ine to Gardner Trrniiiine. .\ugnst, 1840. Ralph Farnsworth to .Jolin Prav, ,lune, l.Ml. Farley T. Aljbott to Alfred J. Eldridge, April, 1841. Wni. Cox to .John Miller, December, 1841. PeteT- i^traver to Geo. Walters, November, 1840. John Pray to Osmon Pray. October, 1838. Ale.x. Howard ft at. to Siinon Hartley, June, 1841. Jolm Pray to Constant Cook, Jnly, 1842; to John S. Bates, No- vember, 1841. Jeremiah Ward to A. J. Eldridge. November. 1842. John Pittinger to Elijah Dodd, March. 184:!. H. J. Curtis to Elijah Dodd and L. L Morehouse, 1842. John Pray to John Creuthers. January, 1843. Kaipb Farnsworth to Tbos. Shoemaker, .January, 1841. Sally, Mary aiul Betsey Holmes, heirs of John Holmes, to Fran- ces J. Holmes (widow ). Ajiril, ist'j. Alpha Cole to Betsey Reed, Novendjer, ISfi. James Craven to Josepli E Hall, June, 1843. John Pray to Jacob Corson, June, 18:W. Barnard Long to Melchoir Verkerlie, October, 1842 J(diu Prav to John (1. Pierce, November, 1842. Matthias Van Fleet to Chas. Van Fleet, September, 1843. K. II. and A. H. Lan.sdale to Thos. Pidilell, 181:3. John Prav to Elisha Whitcomb, April, 18)2. Esek H. Dyer to Newell C. Hall, May, 1844. James Craven to Eleanor N. Eldridge, March, 1844. John Pray to Joel S. Richardson, March, 1814. H. L. W'ood to James Craven, February, 1844. John Prav to Wm. H. Cobleigli and Sereno C. Braiuard, Nov., 1844. Patrick Harrington to Nicholas Angel, July, 1844. Henry A. Cooper to Sarah Eastman, May, 1845. John Prav to Nathan W. Pray, 1845. Wra. H. Hickox to ICI.eni'zer Gillett, March. 1.S46. ,Ios. White to E]'liraini Knapp, July, 1846. .John Pray to Collister Ann All, June. 1846. Miltcni Rakestraw to Joseith Rakestraw, December. 1S:33. Sheritl' to Yarnell and Rowland Rakestraw. in partition of lands of the estate of their father, Joseph Rjikestraw. deceased ; the Slierift" 's acknowledgment was tnken by M. R, VVaite, Mayor of Manraee City, October 24, 1816. Patrick llai-rington to Martin Miller, .\ngust, 1847. Leander Heninth toOrin and Milo Gilbert. March, 1847. John Pray to Barzilla P. Harrison, .lannary. lt^6. Abner Moulton to .Vbner W. Monlton, t)ctoiier, 1843. John Pray to Ozro D. Pray, March. 1845. John C. Maag to Jacob Fautz. October. 1847. Tbos. Piddell to Jeremiah S\illivan, 1817. Tlie Sberifl' to Edward R. Dyer, December. 1817. Joseiih White to Leander Dcmuth, Jnly, 1846. Joseph White to Ephraim Knapp. Jnlv, 1846. John Pray to P\irlev P. Abbott, Septemfler, 1846. Joseph White to Wm. Little, March, 1847. John Pray to Lewis Eastwood, October, 18.38. TOWNSHIP OFFICERS AND ELECTIONS The first election in Waterville Township was hold April 4, 1831, with Daniel Lakins, Jacob Eberlv and (ieorjje W. Evans as Judges; and Kalph Farnsworth and William Meeker as Clerks. The I'esiilt of this election was the choice of the following Township oiBcers : Jonas Cleveland, Williain Meeker and James C. Adams, Trustees ; Willard Gunn and Jeremiah Johnson, Overseers of the Poor; Ralph Farns- worth, Clerk; George W. Evans, Treasurer; David Robbins, Constable; Richard Cninu and .Jacob Eber- lv, Fence Viewers; John Vanfleet and Whitcomb Haskins, Supervisors of Highway. June 21, 1831, John Vantlect and Daniel Lakins were elected Justices of the Peace. July 11, l.SoI, the Trustees divided the Town.ship into two School Districts, as follows; District No. 1, from the North line of the Township to the line be- tween River tracts Nos. 33 and 34 ; and No. 2, from thence to the South line of the Township. Ralph Farnsworth was elected Justice of the Peace December 31, 1.S3I. Other Township officers were elected as follows: 1832. Trustees, .Tonas Cleveland, Whitcomb Has- kins and G. B. Abell. Clerk, Wm. Meeker. Treas- urer, John Pray. Overseers of Poor, Jeremiah John- son, Willard (junn. Supervisors of Highways, .lere- miah Johnson and Jacob Eberly. Fence Viewers, Richard Gunn, Matthitis S. A'anfleet. Constable, David Robbins. 1S33. Trustees, Whitcomb Haskins, G. B. Abell. David Hobard. Clerk, Wm. Meeker. Treasurer, John Pray. Overseersof Poor, Willard Gunn, Jere. Johnson. Fence Viewers, M. S. Vantleet, Thomas Shoemaker. Richard Gunn. Supervi.sors, John Van- fleet, Wm. Meeker. Constable, Orson Ballon. 18.34. Trustees, G. B. Abell, W. Haskins, John Vanfleet. Clerk. Wm. Ewing. Treasurer, John Pit- tinger. Overseers of Poor, J. C. Adams, Jere. John- son, Willard Gunn. Fence Viewers, Jere. Johnson, Alex. Howard, Willard Gunn. Supervisors, M. S. Vanfleet, Thos. Shoemaker, Joseph Rakestraw, Hi- ram Tlieabolt. Constables, Lewis Eastwood, Dana Robbins. Solomon Cross was apjiointed Constable, vice Lewis Eastwo(jd, who declined. July 10, 183-1, J. C. Adams was elected Justice of the Peace. October 14, 1834, the first State election seems to have been lield in the Township. The vote stood as follows (the flrst named candidates being Whigs, and the second Democrats): Governor — James Findlay, 18 ; Robert Lucas, 22. Rejiresentatives in Legislature— Joseph H. Crane, 32 ; Wni. Helfeustein, 8. County Commissioners — James Wilkisou, 14; Epaprodatus Foot, 26. . County Surveyor — Samuel Divine, 19; Adsou Smith. 12 ; Neptune Nearing, 6. Assessor — Joshua Chappell, 34 ; G. W. Wood, 3. December 10, 1834, Ralph Farnsworth was elected Justice of the Peace, having 31 votes, to 2 votes for Robert Rvan. 183.5. Trustees, G. B. Abell, Moses Thorp, Whit- comb Haskins. Clerk. William Ewing. Treasurer, Ralph Farnsworth. Overseers of Poor, John Van- fleet, Henry Reed, Sr. Fence Viewers, Jere. Johnson, Hiraui Thealjolt, Thos. Shoem aker. Constables, David Kobbiiis, Lewis Eastwood. Supervisors — Dis- trict 1, M. S. Vanfleet; 2, Paris Pray ; 3, Oliver Pray ; 4, Joseph Hartwell. 1836. Trustees, Henry Reed, Sr., Lyman Dudley, M. S. Vanfleet. Clerk, Abraham P. Reed. Treasurer, John Pittinger. Overseers of Poor, John Vanfleet, Smith Doggett. Supervisors. Abraliam Pittinger, A. B. C'ro.sby, O. V. Cro.sby, Benj. Atkinson. Fence Viewers, Gabriel Yount, Jared Vanfleet, Seueca Ster- ling. Constables, Isaac Cooper, David Robbins. October, 1836. The result of the State election was as follows : Governor —Joseph Vance, 42; Eli Baldwin, 43. Congress — Patrick G. Goode, 42; Jtimes Brown, 43. Representative State Legislature — John Holli.ster. 44; Amos Evans, 30. County Commissioner— Willard P. Daniels 82. Prosecuting Attorue.v — Tappan Wright, 38; E. D.Potter, 31. Assessor — John Van- fleet, 44 ; G. B. Abell. 37. At the Presidential election, November 4, 18.36, the Whig Electoral ticket received r>l votes, and the Democratic ticket, 49 votes. 1837. The vote for the officers named at the Township election, April 3d, stood as follows: For Clerk— Edward L). Sargent, 63 ; G. H. Al.ell, 5. Treasurer— Paris Pray, (13; K. Farnsworth, 6. Trus- tees- M. S. Vanfleet, 73; Thomas Shoemaker, 67; Whitcomb Haskins, 60; Lvinan Dudlcv, 17; Henrv Reed. Sr., 14. ' " At this election E. D. Sargent, Welcome Piay and David Smith were chosen Township School Inspec- tors. 1838. The vote at the October election stood as WATERVILLE TOWNSHIP. 913 follows: Governor — Joseph Vance, 09; Wilson Shan- non, 58; Congress — Patrick G. (ioodo, avid Smith, Charles Vanlleet. A.s.se8sor, Whitc.iud) lhiskin.s. Clerk, J. E. Hall. Constables, Marmaduki' Pray, Daniel Campliell, .)r. 1.S51. At the'Octiibrr election the vote for (iover- nor stood : Samuel K. Vinton (Whig), 71; Reuben Wood (Democrat), 107. 1852. The vote for President, in November, stood: ."^cott (Whig), 79; Pierce (Democrat). 106. 1.S5:'.. Township ollicers electeil : Trustees, Fred. Fincel, .Sereno C. Braimird, Charles Vandeet. Treas- urer, Jolm Webb. Clerk, J. K. Hall. Constables, <.;has. Campbell, David Rdbbins. Assessor, .\mos Herrick. The first bills ai.':iinst tlio Tnwnshiii wrw n\ lowed March 5, 1H82, to wit: 1. Jacob Eberly. $1.50; 2. J. E. .^dams, *2.25 ; 3. Ralph Farnsworth, |6.-50 ; 4. Thomas Shoemaker, $0.75 ; 5. Jonas < leveland, $2.25; 6. G. B. .\bell, 75c.; 7. M. S. Vanfleet, 7.5o.; 8. S. I). English, 75c.; 9. G. W. Evans. i|1.50. The next record of bills allowed is that of March 4, ISHM, when S;").09 was voted to Jere- miah Johnson, and 75 cents each to Jfalph Farnsworth, Thomas Shoemaker, J. C. Adams, John Vanfleet, M. S. Vanfleet, Jonas Cleveland and Whitcomb Haskins— all but the first of these claims, evidently, were for services as election officers. To March 7, 1836, the expenditures for the Poor of the Township amounted to SIS. 20. About 1836 the Trustees held their nrceting at the tavern known as the Western Kxchange. It having come to the knowledge of the Trustees that there had " lately come into the Township certain persons on the Canal line, who were not legal residents thei'cof," and th;it one or more of them "were likely to become a Township charge." they issued their warrant to Lewis Eastwood, Constable, January 10, 1838, warning such persons " forthwith to leave said Township." The return made by the Constable January 22. showi'd that he had Tiieantime served such warrant bj- reading the same to 541 different persons ; and by copy to 5 persons, making a total of 546. They seem to have been employed by the contractors on sections 28 to 40, inclusive, of the Wabash and Erie Canal, and all within Waterville Town- ship. The Constable's fees for service of the wan-ant, amounted to S.53.37^. The Tru.stees were John Praj' and Willard (!unn. May 6, 1830, Jonathan llungcrlord paid a fine of 82.00, for refusing to qualify as Over- seer of the Poor. In March, 1840, Dr. Welcome Pray was allowed $2.00 f'oi- medical attendance on two paupers during the years 1834 and '35. The following statement of Township funds was made in 1842; Receipts— Koad fund, 914 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. $56.31; Township, $142.86; School District No. 1, S1H(I.]2; No. 2, $21.50; No. 3, $9.67. Total, $360.49. Balance in treasury, $95.11. A .settlement with the Townshijj Trea.surer, in 1843, showed the treasury to contain — Cash, 1?3fi.27 ; onecitizen'snote,$8.25; one lot of Boots and Shoes, $10.00 ; and one County order, $1.00; total, $55.52. The Treasurer (L. L. Morehouse) was allowed $9.60 for services. Samuel R. Reed, now of Cincinnati, was then Clerk of Waterville Township, and was soon succeeded by J. E. Hall, j'et ol Waterville. In 1848, J. B, Hall was allowed $6.00 in full for one year's services as Clerk and stationery. At the same time A. P. Reed was allowed $1.84 for services as Clerk at an election, and for a shroud furnished by him for the body of a boy drowned in the Canal. On settlement, March 9, 1849, with James B. SteedmaTi, Supervisor of Road District No. 4, the Trustees found in his hands two notes ol residents for delinquent road work ($3.00), and "cash paid in," $0.25; total, $3.25, which was delivered to Elijah Dodd, Treasurer. The annual meeting of Townshi]) Trustees for 1852, was held at the Columbian House. In March, 1854, J. E. Hall, Township Clerk, was allowed $13.62 for the preceding year, viz.: For services as Clerk, $7.00; stationer}^, $1.62; for enumeration of youth for School pur- poses, $3.00; for "clerking for Board of Educa- tion," $2.00. TAX PAVERS IN 1838. Following is the listof i-esidents of Waterville Township taxed on personal property in 1838: HORSES AND CATTLE. Gunn, Willard. Van Fleet, Jared. Gillett, Ebenezer. Winslow, Martin. Gillett, Orin. Woodruff, Cyrus. Hutchinson, Joseph. Waterville Company. Yunt, Gabriel. ON OTHER PROPERTY. Adams, Jane. Acker, John. Almon, William. Almou, Carl. Agers, George. Andenson, Abell, Galen B. Hartley, Simon. Blaker, Jesse. Brady, David C. Burnhara, Joel. Ballou, Orson. Curtis, Lyman D. Crosby, Oris C. Crosby, A. B. Crosby, John. Crosbey, Renn.ssallaer. Cooper, Henry A. Cripliver, John. Cripliver, Daniel. Cable, Samuel. Culver, Sylvester. Cross, Salmon. Dudley, Lyman. Ditts. Adam. Dodd & Morehouse. Daggett, Smith. Ka.stman, Guy C. Ensign, JohnO. Karl, James. Flora, Jonas. Haskins, Whitcomb. Hall, David. Howard, Alexander. Holocker, John. Hartwell, Joseph. Johnson, Mary. Loop, Amos. Moulton, Abraham. McQuillen, David. North, Isaac. Pettinger, Abraham. Pettinger, John. Pra)', Ambrose. Pray, John L. Pray, Archibald. Perry, Levi. Putnam, Willard. Reed, Henry. Rakestraw, Joseph. Robbins, David. Robbins, David, Jr. Thorp, Moses. Saulpaugh, . Sargeant, E. D. Short. Thomas. Shoemaker, Tliomas. Sliepler, Abraham. Tranger, George. Turk, A. D. Van Fleet, Mathias. Van Fleet, John. Curtis, Herman J.* Carey, H. S. & Co.+ Cripliver, Philip. *f Earl & Brothers.! Hall, J. E. & N. C.f Hungerford, Jonathan. f McBride, Camp & Co.f Pray, Welcome Dr.* ft Pray, John.*f Sackett, Leander.*t * Pleasure Carriages, t Merchant's Capital, t Phy sician. MILITA ROLL. Following is a list, with the ages, of persons in Waterville liable to military duty, in 1844 : Adam Dills, Orsou Ballou, Abner W. Moulton, Trii.xton Nearing, Chas. Freaut, Horace Honey, John G. Isham, John H. Young, Jacob I'^ancher, Orrin Gillette, Eseck Dyer, Stephen Dyer, Milo Gillette, Joel Burnham, Archiliald Pray, James J\L Calile, John Pitlinger, Daniel Campbell, Samuel R. Reed, Abram P. Reed, Wesley Reed, Frederick Reed, Joseph Hutchinson, Paris H. Prav, William K. Pray, Nathan W. Pray, Welcome Pray, Wm. Carter, Lewis Eastwood, Rhoranah Bancroft, Fred T. Evans, Amos R. Appleton, This list was intended to include all male residents, able-bodied and between the ages of 21 and 45. CHURCHES. Methodist Episcopal. — The Methodist So- ciety at Waterville is believed to have been organized the same year as that at Maumee (1834), the first preacher having been Rev. Elam Da}', and the first members Jane Adams, Tliomas Gleason and wife, Harriet Farnswortli, Hannah Cross, John Hoag, Elisha Hanson and Sarah Bailey. John Hoag and Elisha Hanson were leaders of the band. Mrs. Lucina Has kins was with the Class in 1835. In 1840 John Pray and wife and Whitcomb Haskins united with this Church. Rev. John A. Banghman, whose first wife was Mary, daughter of Mr. Pray, was prominent in the \^ork in those dajs Affe. Name. Ar/e. ;!7 John H. Haines, 43 34 Thos. W. Granger, 31 28 Edward P. Sargent, 33 34 Henry A. Cooper, 41 35 Oris V. Crosby, 32 31 Sereno C. Brainard, 2'* 27 John Van Blarcum, ."iH 33 Patrick Harrington, :i8 — Fred Fiucil, 35 27 John F. C. Burnet, 38 — Nathan White, 27 — Whitcomb Haskins, 3i) 24 Alfred Gunn, 27 41 Samuel Davis 32 41 Chas. VanHeet, 22 42 Wm. N. Smith, 23 3() Orlando Hall, 23 4:; tUiy Eii.stuian, 39 24 Cornelius Vanfieet, 27 28 James Craven, 33 34 James Carrel 1, 44 22 Anderson Allen, 38 ;'!4 John 0. Pearce, 25 25 Bossell Harrison, 22 Joseph E. Hall, 28 28 Elisha Whitmore, 43 35 David Robbins, 38 .35 Robert Morrison, 38 35 Amos Cooper, 33 43 AVm. H. Cobleigh, 27 21 Rial Stebbins, 3(i 23 Total, (i3. WATERVILLE TOWNSHIP. 915 of beginning. Joseph E. Hall settled at Water- villo in 1830, and unitcMl witli tLo Cliurcli in 184 k Tiie house of worsliip at Watervillc was commenced in 1841, Kev. lyiljcrtv I'l'entiss, Pastor, and completed in 1S4I, under l!ev. Ho- ratio S. Bi'adle^'. Kldcr Thomas Harkdull was first to preach in the tiinshed buildinif. The first resident Minister of Waterville is believed to have been ilev. Libert}' Prentiss ; the next Rev. John A. Shannon, followed by Rev. Henry Warner. Previous to the organization of this Church, Revs. Henry E. Pilcher and EInatiian C. Gavitt, then of the Michigan Conference, preached there. From that time to 1875, the a])]iointments are believed to have been as follows : 1S34, E. fl. Pilcher, E. C. Gavitt ; IS:!."), William Sprague ; ISoO, Cyrus Brooks ; 1837, Orrin Mitchell, David Burns ; 18.38, James A. Kellam ; 183!), Oliver Burgess ; 1840-41, Jona. E. Chaplin ; 1842, Eben K. Hill; 1843-4, H. S. Bradley; 184."), Wesley J. Wells; 184G, George W. Howe ; 1847, Edward R. Jewett ; 1848-9, Wm. S. Lunt; 18.)0, Thomas J. Bopc ; 1851-L', (Tri Richards; 18.-i3, Thomas J. Pope; 18,J4, Raljih Wilcox; 18.5.3-0, Edmund R. Morrisou ; l.S."i7-8, W. S. Lunt; 18.59, Ambrose Hollington ; 18(i()-i)l, Weslev J. Welles; l.S(i2, Lewis J. Dales; 1.SG3-4, JacobP. Burk- holder; l,Sli5-(') ; Benj. Hubert; 1867, Samuel Lynch; 1868-9, Russell B. Pope; 1870-71, Parker P. Pope; 1872-4, Thomas N. BarkduU. Presiding Eiders have .served as follow.s-: 1834-5, James Gilruth ; 1836-7, Leonard B. Gurley; 183S-9, John Janes ; 1840-42, Wesley Brock; 1843-4, JohuT. Kellam; 184.5-7, Thomas Barkdull ; 184.8-9, George W. Breckeuridge ; 1.S.50-.53, Wm. C. Pierce ; 1854-7, David Gray; 1858-61, Joseph Ayres ; 18ii2, E. C. Gavitt; 1.S63-6," Samuel Lvnch ; 1867-70, Thomas H. AVilson; L871, Leroy A. Belt. Presbyterian. — In 1837, under the direc- tion of Rev. Benjamin Woodbury, the Presby- terian Church at Waterville was organized, with 10 members — Mrs. Elizabeth Hall, and daughters Sarah and Amanda, Henry Reed, Sen., and wife Elizabeth and daughters Wealthy, Fanny and Temperance, and Hannah Pray and Mrs. Dodd. The only one of these now (18.S8) living, is Miss Sarah Hall. The present house of worship was built in 1856, corner of North and Main Streets, in the Village of Waterville. It is a wooden struc- ture, 36x50 feet in size, and cost $1,500. It was dedicated in 1856, by Rev. P. C. Baldwin. A Sunda}- School, on the Union plan, was started in Waterville as early as 1833, with Henry Reed, Sen., as Superintendent. The Church has been in charge of the follow- ing named Ministers — Revs. Benjamin Wood- bury, 1837-42; and since 1842, havebcen Revs. Watson, Atwood, Morehouse, P. C. Baldwin, Charles Richards, G. A. Adams, C. C. Hadley, and Charles Manchester. German Lutheran. — The first congregation was started on what is known as the " Dutch Road," in the Northern part of the Township, in September, 1866, by the Rev. C. F. Kalding, of Perrysburg, the services being hold in the old School-house on the Hutchinson farm,nearthe Canal Bridge. Previous to that time, the nearest Church was at Maunicc, in charge of Rev. Carl Marlcsch.dicl. The Hrst Churcli .mU- fice, a frame building costing about 81,000, was erected about a mile West of the School house, and services held every other Sunday, by Rev. C. F. Kalding. In 1876, Rev. Tlieo. ..Meier, uf Custer, took charge, and organized a congregation in the Village, giving alternate Sundays to each. The services in the Village were held in the Pres- byterian Cliurch until a house was built in 18S6, the building being dedicated September llHh, costing 81, f)00, to which a parsomige is now being added. There is a Suiulay School in connection, with lit) scholars. There are about 200 families in the two Churches. At Whitehouse there is a irission service held alternate Sunday afternoons, by Rev. Mr. Meier, in the Union Church, liut asyetnocon- grei^atierty, to wit : River Tract No. 19, originally granted to Joseph Purie, of Dayton, containing 11214 acres, the Warehouse and lot of David Hubbell and other property in and adiiviuing Miami City. The existence ■of the Company was liniiird to 11 years and to cease in 1846. United States to Bernard Cass, Septeniber, 1836. Wolcott's .\dd. to Miami City, recorded .\pril, 18:57. An Addition to Miami City was recorded in .May, 18:18, by J. Austin Sriitt, Jessuj) W. .Scott, Samuel Hawlcv, Rufus 11. Picket, Richard Randall, ,lohu Hollister, J. W. Smith, Henry Darling aud Wm. P. Reznor. The plat consisted of 8 bbicl^s of "23 lots each, and had 8 Streets— Knaggs, Reznor, Scoil, Hollister, Askin, Detroit, Second and Fourth Electa Gale to Smith & Crowcll. Se|.trniber, 18:17. John K. Hunt to Andrew Young. -Vugust, 183?. Anson Reed to James Pratt, iHrember, 1S38. William Kingsbury to Harmon ICinL:sbiirv, March, 1839. John William Horn to William H. Mcrritt, October, 1839. John E. Hunt to Judilli Ballanl iwidow), and Samuel W.,.Iolin H., James Jr., Charles (all of age). .Milton N. and Mary .lane (minors), children of James Ballard, deceased, Nov., 1S39. James Wolcott to Ira White, December, 18.37. James Wolcott to James W, Shepard, .Inly, 1837. Samuel M. Young to Luke Beardaall, February, 18:38. Levi IJeelje tolOmily 1 Beebe) Fairman, 18:38. John E. Hunt to James Kinney, March, 1828. J. Atistin Scott d al. to Hiraiu" Davis, 1837. Jiimcs Wilkinson to Flavel N. Butler, August. 18.38. Horace ^Vaite to Antoine and Daniel Peltier, 1838. John E. Hunt to Zimri H. Baxter, October, 18:19. Christian Knagy to William Price, August, 1839. Master Commissioner to George Spencer and J. A. Moore, 1839. John E. Hunt to Tobias Wol/inger, August, 1839. In May, 1810, John E. Hunt eranted to the Commissioners of Lu- cas County, lots lli;i, 104 and 105, the same having been do- nated for the use of llie Covmty building, the County -seat having then I.ieen removed from Toledo to Maumee City. United States to Leicester Gilbert, August, 18:33. Deborali Smitli to AVilliam Patton, May, 1840. Chloe Gibbs to Samuel Whistler, July, 1840. Isaac H. Bronson to I'^li Kitts, .\pril, 1840 Jliami City Co. to Lot Bnlkley, July, 1840. I. S. C:on\'erse to Philip and Wm. F"oresman, 1840. Rodolphus Dickinson, LaQ. Rawson. Peter Beaugrand, and .Sar- dis Biiehard, of Lower Sandusky, to Lucas County, lot loti. Hunt tfc Beaugrad's .Addition, as" donation for Court House and Jail, I84II. In 1841, Leonard K. Barber, of Wood^■ille, Mississippi, gave to George W. Reynolds, of Maumee < "ity, ]>ower of attt.irney "to erect a Custom and I'loaring-Mill an'd .Saw-Mill in Maumee City," the former with two to fotir runs of stones, and the latter with one saw ; and to conduct the operations and bus- iness of the same, when constructed. In June, 1842, the firm of S. AV. Waters (Steiihen W. Waters and L. K. Barlier), con- ferred upon Mr. Reynolds like authority. Francis Brown to Mary Brown, September, 1841. Benjamin ILint to Onvn Whitten, April, 1841. Quintns F. Atkins to Nathaniel li. Blinn, War Club Island, Mau- mee River, Waynestield, $600. 1841. Daniel Cook to Philura Drummond, April, 1842. County Auditor toT. W. Olcott, Banker, of Albany, New York, 25 lots, Miami, for delinquent taxes, at 95 cents and 6 mills each : 1842. John E. Hunt to John Zigler, Julv, 1842. John E. Hunt to Arnold G. Sargeiit, October, 1842. F. A. Norton ct al. to Johu Brownlee, November. 1842. Samuel Jay to Peter Waterbury, July, 1842. Horace Waite to Fritz Hellish, 'January, 1842. Alex. II. Ewing to Charles A. Lamb, January, 1842. Samuel Wagner to Wm. H. Merritt, March, 1.842. J, E. Hunt to Maumee City, 10 acres in River Tract 26 (known as the " Havnes Farm'"), for Cemetery or Burying (iround. May, 1S43. Thoma's S. Sabin to Nicholas Engel, May, 1843. Elijah Herrick to John Kinney, October, 1843. Ambrose .\nlhony to S. Walters and G. W. Reynolds, 1843. John ¥.. Hunt to Daniel P. Brown, .Tune 1843. J, W. Smith to A. H. Gear, November, 1843. John E. Hunt to John Hale, Jacob Sjianglcr, George W. Rey- nolds, R. A. Forsyth, R. H. Lansdale, J. H. Forsyth and J. D. Peekham. Trustees of the Methodist Episcfipal Church. Maumee, tot 15, block 25, Hunt's Addition; f(jr use of said Societv; July, 1843. Johu E. Hunt to Robert E. Davis, October, 1813. John E. Hunt to Israel Champion, l^ebruary, 184C. Mathias Nellis to Powell Cramer, January, 1844. Isaac Hull to .Samuel Bigclow. January. 1844. Scott & Co. to John M. Allyn, May, 1844. Cliloe Gibbs to John K. Cogswell," January, 1H44. Thomas Clark 2d to .Vmelia C. Waite, .\ngust, 1844. Sheriff to Charles Charter. December, 1844. Horace Waite to Wm. P. Griswtdd, December, 1844. Daniel Williams to Gideon S. Johnson. August, 1844. John W. Smith to Francis HoUenbeck, March, 184.'!. J. Austin Scott to Miami <'ity, 10 lots in block 8. iu^.Scott & Co.V Addition to Miami City," as donation for a site for School- houses, Churches, and "other public buildings, March, 1845. William Sterne to Thomas il. Lane. May, 1S45. David Higgins to George L. Hi.ggins, Jainmry, 1845. The Sherill'to .Vrtemesia Menill, -Vugust, 1H45. R. H. Lansdale to .\mer Matthews, Sejitember, 1843. Samuel Wagner to John ('. Allen, October, 1844. J. W. Smith to Coddinglon S. Williams, January, 1844. S. M. Young to Philiii Hone, August, 1845. WA YNESFIEI.I) TOWNSHIP. 023 Trustee ftlellHxlist Kpisenpal Cluirrli, Miiuinee, to Jrtt-ob SviftTi^- Icr, lot 15, block 23, Mnumee, IMS. C. ('. r. Ilniil to Jolm Carliss, Septcniber, 18-15. A mti]) iii Mauincc ('it.v ('einotery \vas liloil b.v Thomas Clark '2<1. Mayor, ami Chaiiucey Matthews, Reeonler. .May 10, IHJo. It is situated in the Southwest corner of Itiver Traet 2G. of riiiti'il States Ueserve, anil coutains about 1,8(K) burial lots, most of which are l*.;x;lt) feet in size. Potter's Field is in bhuks of 112 feel 9 inches by S feet. Havid Ladil to lieorKC Eurkliarl, .Vugnst, IMG. .\ni.is K. Pasre In Soli>nioii .lolinson, Mav, 181". (iciiiyc I'crkins to Kdwaril Mitchell, March. 1847. 'riininas AV. Gran.^ei- to JSarah (lalley, .\|iril, ISIT. .Solomon .lohnson to Hartwcll lioUiies, Anj^nst, 18-liS. I'niied .'Stales to .Tarvis Gilbert, I84S. Wni. SI. Olair to Peter S. Bell, February, 181(1. ,l..bn liiwr to I'alrick O'Brien, Aui;ust, IRIS. Alfred W. Ilaniiltoii to Sanuicl robb. October. 1818. Estate of Thos.^.M. Lane to .\rnnah 11. Plant, .lanuary, ISII. Marshal Key to (leorire Wilbcr, Novenilier, 1847. Henry II. Forsyth t") ; Charles A. Lainli, 1.S.").3; James M. Felt, lS.5li; Noe Nelson, 1857- (;:',; \V. B. Dick, jr., 18G3; Noe Nelson, 18G4-66 ; William Limbrick, 1806; J. F. Allen, 1867; Lerov E. Clark, 18(18-70; J. F. Allen, 1870; J. D. Ford, 1871; .1. Henry Wyman, 1872-74; W. B. Frost, 1874-7G; E. W. Fasten", 1S7C.; J. M. Wolcott, 1877; George R. BdSNvorth, 1878; John McGovern, 1879; J. C. Allen, 1881); II. D. J'.nescher, 1881; J. H. MoUenkopf, 1882; William :\Iartin, 1883 ; J. M. Bates, 1884 ; J. E. Wilcox, 188,-,; J. M. Walcott, 188(); Uri B. Taylor, 1887. Ti-fasurers. — Robert A. Forsvth, 184.1-01 ; Aiuasa C. Winslow, 1851 ; Daniel Lcona'rd, 1852-54 ; ElishaS. Frost, 1854; Daniel Leonard, 18-55; William Browns- berger, 1.85()-58; Thomas L. Clark, 1.S58; William P. Homer, 18.59; Arnnah Plant, ISliO; William Browns- berger, 1861-63; Louis Kaiser. 18(.>3-65; Rinaldo Rob- bins, 18G-5-67; Helon llorton, 1869-70; B. A. Wright; 1870-73; A. II. Plant, 1873; Eldred W. Estell, 1874-76; J. H. Wyman, 1876; A. J. Taylor, 1877; H. D. Biiescher, 1878; Louis Kaiser, 1879; A. H. Plant, 1880 ; Patrick McGovern, 1881 ; A. H. Plant, 1882 ; Louis Kai-ser, 18.83; J- C. Allen. 1884; P. McGovern, 1.8.8-5-87 ; John Mollenkopf, 1887. Tritslees. — Alexander H. Gere, Michael Alsbach, Elijah Clark, 1845; Alexander II. Gere, Horace F. Waile, Michael Alsbach, 1846; John C. Allen, Alex- ander II. Gere, Horace F. AVaite, 1.847 ; Horace F. Waite, Daniel Strayer, Jonathan Neeley, 1848; Ed- ward Mitchell, J. A. Scott, Michael Alsliach, 1.849; Alexander H. Gere, Edward JNIitchell, Michael .'Vis- bach, 1.8.50; Edward Mitchell, Johnson II. Batcman, Curtis Perry, 1.S51 ; Freeliorn Potter, Curtis Perry, William Limltrick, 1.852; Freeborn Potter, Jarathmel Colbnrn, Daniel Cook, 1.8.53; Jarathmel Colburn, Henderson W. Horton, Ilartlev Holmes, 1.854 ; J. A. Scott, Edward Mitchell, Win. Limbrick, 1.8.55; Ed- ward Mitchell. Neil Daniels, Curtis Perry. 1.856; Joseph Longendorfer, Curtis Perry, Abner L. Backus, 1857; Curtis Perry, Jo.seph Langenderfer, Wni. Lim- brick, 1.858 ; George W. Reynolds, Alexandei' II. Gere, Jo.seph Langenderfer. 1859; (jeorge W. Revnolds, Alexander H. Gere, Jarvis Gilbert, 1.860; A. H. Gere, James Howes, Fdward II. Hunter, 1.861 ; James Howes, Edward H. Hunter, t'urtis Perry, 1862; E. H. Hunter, G. W. Reynolds, Curtis Perry, l,8li:!; James Howes, 0. Geer, Wm. Limbrick, 1.864; Jlark Rich- ardson, Jacob Mollenkopf, M. Richard Lungell, 1.S65; Mark Richardson, Jacob Mollenkopf, .M. R. Lanzell, Mark Richardson, F. Hamilton, A. II. Gere, 1867-68; F. Hiimilton, A. H. Gere, Louis Kai.ser, 1.867; Philip Uhlv, George lUiskbart, K. Htiinilloii, 1.870; V. Ham- ilton, Philip Uhlv, J. J. Leith, 1871; Philip Uhlv, A. H. Gere, E. II.' Hunter, 1872; A. H. Gere, E. H. Hunter, tieorgo H. Baker, 1873; Fred Kleibe, A. H. Gere, K. II. Hunter, 1874; E. H. Hnnt«-r, Fred Kleibe, H. D. Buescher, 1.875; J. C. Allen, T. O. Ragan, H. D. Buescher, I87l>; Jacob Mollcnkepf, Fred Graham, William Milton, 1877; T. O. Ragan, John Habb, llenrv Borck, ls7S; II. 1). Buescher, F. Hamilton, John Raab, 1879; A. D. Williams, Fred Graham, F. Hamilton, 1.880; Williiim C. Hull, C. Ro,ia, B. Htihn, 1.881; Charles Rodd, Wm. C. Hull, J. M. Harbauer, b882 ; Wm. C. Hull, J. M. Ilarbauer, Charles Rodd, 1.8.8.'!; R. Alden, Jacob Mollenkoiif, Bennet Halm, 1884; John Harbauer, AntoniaGignac. .lacob Knerr, 1S55; Bennet Ilahn, .facob Knerr, R. Alden, 1.8.86; Patrick Christie, 1887. Justici's of the Pi'dce. — Horatio Conant, 1.835; David Strayer, Nathan Rathbun, 1837 ; Horatio Conanl, I.s:l8; Jessup W. Scott, Daniel Strayer, 1840; Horatio Conant, 1.841 ; Socrates H. Cately, Daniel Strayer, 1.843; Horatio Conant, 1.844; Daniel Strayer, 1.846; Thomas Clark, K847 ; Daniel Strayer, 1849; Thomas Clark, Andrew Young, 1.8.50; Thomas Clark, KS52 ; Matthew McMann, J^Ioratio Conant, Henderson W. Norton, 1.S.53 ; Horatio Conant, Arnnah Plant, 18.56; Smith Gilbert, 1859; Helan Norton, 1.8(>0 ; Horatio Conant, Smith Gilbert. 18(i2 ; A. II. Plant, 1863; William Limbrick, Smith Gilbert, 18G5 ; Helan Nor- ton, 18()8; Theophihis L. Clark, 18G9 ; Smith Gilbert, 1870; Helan Norton, 1871 ; T. L. Clark. 1,^72; Smith Gilbert, 1873 ; Helan Norton, 1.864 ; T. L. Clark, 1875 ; I.saac Jav, 1.876 ; Albert Alius, 1.877 ; T. L. Clark, ls78; Albert Alius, Henry G. Norton, 18.80 ; T. L.Clark, 1881; J. E. Wilco.x, 1.8,82; Thomas F. Dale, 18.83; E. H. lOckert, Hiram Wellze. 18.83 ; Albert Alius, 1885 ; J. M. Wolcott, J. E. W^ilcox, 1.887. TAX-PAYERS, 1838. Following is a list of tlie persons assessed for taxation on persontil jjrojierty in Wtiyiicslicld Township in the iSjiring of ISo.S: ON HORSES AND CATTLE. Alsb.ich, I\Iichael- Allen, tieorge. lilaker, Achilles. Brine, George. Beatty, Henry O. Beebe, Levi. Bealls, David. Bails, Williams. Bennett, George W. Black, Adam. Beardsall, Luke. Bunting, Marminluki Bentlev, David. Bird, Peter. Burdo, Peter. Brice, William. Converse, James W. Carpenter, Lucius. Cha.sc, Samuel. Cochran, F. D. Camlield, Clement. Charter, Dennis. Cately, Socrates H. Cable, George. Collins, Freeman. ("ass, Btu'iiard. Charter, Eli. Conant, Horatio. Coter, Conrad. Clark, Alfred. Uelllebower, John. Hale, Jolm. Johnson, George W. Jerome, .loiia. H. Jackson, Morris. Jack.son, Kicliard. .lohn.son, Solomon, .lohn.son, .Martial. Jobnson, .Vlmoii (i. .lohnson, W. Jerome, Levi. King, .Tames. Kirtland, George. Kingsburv, William. Kilts, Eli." Kaag, George. Killam, . La Pearl, Alexander. Limbrick, William. Moorehouse, Silas. McNecs, John. Merrick, A. Mandl', Jiicob. Marsh, Arlemas. Pcckham. J. D. Pierson, John. Pratt, Amos. Porter, Elhaman. Poucher, l^olomon. I'routy, Dtivid. 924 H J.STORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. Cluiiu', Paine. Clark, Elijah. Uwiglit, Dr. Ansnstus. Drummoml, .Jared. Dustin, . Eddy, Jacob. Elliott, John. French, Wheeler. Frost, Elisha S. Gnagv, Jacob, ttilliert, S. L. Gilbert, Jarvis. Green, Augustu.s. Glifettc, Lewis. Hazard, George S. Hunt, C. C. P. Hull & Keeler. Hull, Lsaac. Henderson, Henry. Huhbell, Daniel. Hastings, Reuben. Henrich, Chester. Hanson, B. Horner, W. P. Holooiub, Levi. Hill, George M. Hill, Robert. Henderson, 0. S. Hunt, Benjamin. Hunt, WiUiam. Hall, Joseph. Hall, Elijah. Hitchcock, B. H. House, Conrad. Huhbell, Hezekiah. Zeigl Rowen, Edward. Rew. Fred. A. Rhodes, David. Ralyale, John. Runyon, W. L. Steele, Hiram. Steiwig, Samuel. Scott, George W. Scolton, John. Searing, Samuel. Spangle, Jacob. Steele, Hiram R. Swartz, Christian. Spangle, Rosanna. Strayer, Michael. Strayer, Peter. Strayer, John. Strayer, Daniel. Silver, Isaac. Swartz, John. Trapp, Andrew. Trapp, John. Van Orden, William. Waldron, David. Wolcott, James. Wagn§r & Thompson. Waite, Horace. Wilkison, James. Whit(', Oscar. Williams, A. D. Walters, John. Walters, Abraham. Wilcox, Marcus. Young, Austin. Zook, Christian, er, John. MEHCHANTS' C.\1>IT.VL, MONEY AND STEAMBOAT STOCK. Acker & Kanada. Bangs, John J. Crowell, Freeman W. Cary. Austin. Day, John F. Forsyth tt Hull. (Griffith & Tylers. Hunt, John E. Horton, . Moorhouso & Bromley. INLick, Elisha. Ressigne, R. Sargent, S. A. & J. H. Spencer & Moore. White, Ira. Williams, C. A. & A. D. Boyington & Gannett. Cook, Daniel. Doane, David C. Forsyth, James H. Forsyth, Robert A. Gower & Clark. Hackley, A. S. Knaggs, George B. Mudge, Edmund. Noble, G. C. Rumney, Richardson & Co. Scott, J. Austin. Van Voorse, Abram. Williams, O. & Co. Beatty, A. Lansey, Peter. Scott, David B. Cook, Daniel. The above persons then PHYSICIANS. D wight, Augustus. St. Clair, William. Van Avery, . LAWYERS. Young, Samuel M. ist. includes the, names of many residents within the territory subsequently set oiF to Monclova and Adams Townships. MAUMEE CITY. Tlie City of Maumee was incorporated in March, LS38, and the first election held on the 26th of that month. Robert A. Forsj'th was chosen Maj'or, by a vote of 117, to 50 for Gen. John E. Hunt. The other City officers were as follows : First Ward: Councihnen — Robert A. Forsyth, Daniel Cook, Wm. Kingsbury, Wm. St. Clair' Assessor — ^Robert Gower. Second Ward : Council — James Wolcott, Levi Beobe, Daniel R. Stebbins.T. T. Woodrnti. Assessor — Ira White. Third Ward : Council— J. Au.stin Scott, Geo. Kirkland, Jos. J. Bingham, Geo. B. Knaggs. Assessor — Amos Piatt. At a meeting of the Cit}' Council, Marcli 29th, the following officers were chosen, to wit : Pres- ident Council, James Wolcott; Treasurer, Daniel Cook; Recorder, Henry Reed, Jr.; Marslial, F. B. Kirtland. The name of the City corporation was changed to South Toledo in 1871. In July, 1887, it resumed the name of Maumee, drop- ping the word ('itJ^ but retained the City organization as before. The City government for 1887 was constitu- ted as follows: Mayor— J. M. Wolcott. Treasurer — J. A. Mollenkofl'. Clerk — F. D. Crane. Councilmen— 1st Ward, P. Dowling, J. J. Miller; 2d Ward, C. M. Scheilv, J. A. Smith ; 3d Ward. F. Borck, H. S. Smith. Marshal — Philip Hartman. Board of Education— John E. Wilcox, President; J. IM. Wolcott, Secretary ; C. M. Schelly, Treasurer ; Charles Rodd, Frank D. Crane and Coleman Keeler. TRADERS AT MAUMEE. The names of early settlers appear in the records of deeds and mortgages and many of them were actively engaged in the attempt to make a large Town out of Maumee as late as 1840 and for a few j'ears thereafter. Some had been Indian traders — as the Forsyths (James H. and Robert A.) and the Hunts, (John E. and Charles C. P.). Some were of French origin. Geo. B. Knaggs was a good type of the social qualities of the French. And there was old La Point, a man of largo stature and strong frame, whose red flannel shirt, open at the throat, and sleeves rolled up to the elbows, dis- played the hairy ai'ms and the breast of a giant. He was the very figure of a French grenadier. He did not know his own age, and seemed to linger on, saving his strength and stalwart bearing, against the time he should join the jihantom files oi his former companions and march again under his old commander. In 1838 there resided at Monroe, Michigan, a certain Colonel Anderson, who for some years prior to 1793 was British Indian Agent, resi- dent at Fort Miami. It was said that after the battle of The Fallon Timbers, August 20, 1794, Gen. Wayne's victorious troops feasted on Indian corn raised by Col. Anderson on the River bottom lands near the Fort. The Towns of Perrysburg and Maumee City had to contend with a natural obstacle to navi- gation in the River called the Rock Bar. This is a bed of rock formed across the River just WAYNESyiELD TOWNSHIP. !)■.'"> above the site of llic t'oriner town of Marenyo. Vessels drawing over six feet could not always be sure of i^assiiig, and when increasing commerco demanded vessels drawing 14 feet, the enterprising and ho]iefiil ]ioo])!o gave up the contest with the Rock Har and moved lower down the River. In due time the ])ort of Entry was moved to Toledo antl commerce b}' Lake and iJiver at the Foot of the Rapids pi'actically ceased. SIAUMEE BUSINESS DlRECTOllV. The Business Directory published in the Ex- press in 1837, furnishes the following names of por.sons then in trade and in the ]irofes8ions at that i)lace : Printers— Kced & Ilosmers. Attorneys— H. L. Hosmcr. Daniel F. Cook, Way & Young, Xathau Rathluiu, Henry Keed, Jr. Justices of the Peace — N. Eatlibun, Horatio Co- nan t. Physicians and Surgeons— Justus Wright, David B. Scott. Forwarding and Commission Merchants — Hunt & Converse, S. A. & J. H. Sargent, White & Kirtland, D. Steele, For.syth & Hazard, Bingham & Furncy. Merchants— Spencer & JMoore, Elisha Mack, Itan- ney, Hichardson & Co., O. Williams, Acker & Kan- ady, Ira White, Smith & Crowell, Boynton & Gan- nett, H. A. Hacklev, A. Gary, Gower & Clarke. Clothing, A:c.-B. D. CofRn. . Groceries and Provisions- G. C. Noble, A. G. Williams, R. Hastings, Allen & Gibbous, Griffith, Tylers & Co., James Howe. Watches and Jewelry — J. J. Bangs. Tailors— J. S. Meacham, G. S. Case. Bakery — John Cholett. Carriage and Wagon Maker— T. T. Woodrull. Cabinet and Chair Factory— J. Creed & Co. Painter and Chair Factory — .J. WoodrufT. Sash and Blinds— J. F. Shephard. Hotels— Jefl'ersou House, Wm. Kingsbury; Wash- ington House, J. W. Converse ; Central House, Allen & Gibbons; American House, Woodruff & Clarke. In January, 1839, the following appeared : Forwarding and Commission— Smith & Co., James Wolcott & Co. Hardware, Hollow Ware, &c.— W. Wiswell. Merchants— G. H. Nitchie & Co., G. \\ . Kicliard- sou. Wholesale Grocers — ^Clark & Fargo, C. A. Wil- liams. Washingtion House — Chas. D. Foster. Central House — Elijah Clark. TRADE OF MAU.MEE AND rERRVSIiUKC. Until 1833, the transportation business of Maumee and Perrysburg was done principally by two small Schooners — the Eagle and the Guerriere — both owned by John lloUister and Captain David AVilkison ot Perrysburg. During that year a small Steamboat (the General Brady) commenced running between these I" o places and Detroit. In 1834, the Steamboat Oliver Newberry, a second-class boat, made a few trips to those Towns, as did the Detroit, a boat of the same class and size. Two small boats, the Gen. Jackson and Major Downing, made theira]ipearance the .samo.season, running to Detroit, and the Schooner Merchant wa.s built and commenced making trips to Bufl'alo. In Maj', 1835, the Steamer Com. Pei-ry, Capt. Wilkison, came out. Several large Schooners were built Between 1835 and 1838, the Mon- roe and Olivei- Newberry were purchased, the Gen. Wayni^ built, and otherSteamers secureil. The Steanilioat aridvals at those Towns in 1837 was about 300, and of Schoonei-s 103. At that time Lake freights f »r Fort Wayne, Indiana, came entirely via the .Maumee River, and chiefly Perrysburg and Maunu'e; and it i.s probable, that the first combination for the control of transportation rates, was one of wliich Fort Wayne merchants complained, at a meet- ing held March 25, 1837, with Francis Coni- j)aret in the Chair, and Joseph Sinclair as Sec- retary. Wm. G. Ewing stated " the object of the meeting to be to consider what course it was necessary for merchants and otherff who are transporting goods from the East, to adopt, in ortler to secure themselves from o])])ression by a combination of the Forwarding Merchants of IMuumee and Perrysburg." G. F. Wriglit stated that the rates referred to were nearly 100 per cent, higher than were chai-ged at any other point on the Lake. Samuel llanna re- ferred to the ruleof the Forwarding Merchants requiring prepayment of all charges before forwarding projierty. The result of this move- ment is' not recorded. NEW'SPArERS. — The first newspaper in Mau- mee was the Express, the first number of which ajijieared March 25, 1837. It was published by an association of citizens, for whom Calvin Frary acted as agent. The Editor was Henry Heed, Jr. It was a neat, well-ju'intod sheet, 22x33 inches in size, and in tyj)i>graphical a|)- pearance and contents was specially creditable to both Proprietors and Editor, and to the Town whose interests it was intended to re])- rcscnt. No rival or neighboring Town had a more creditable representative in its Press, than did Maumee Citv. After the issue of six numbers the name of Mr. Frary as Publisher di.sappeared and that of J. H. Brown was substituted. That gentleman had recently been connected with a paper at Tiffin. Two weeks later the Express passed into the hands of Henry Reed, Jr., and II. L. and S. T. Ilosmer, the editorial de])art- ment remaiinng with Mr. Reed, Mr. S. T. Ilo.smer having charge of the mechanical branch. Mr. Reed and 11. li. Ilosmer were then partners in the practice of the law at Mau- mee City. Tlie following ))ersons were the local agents of the E.rpress in December, 1S38: Waterville — Orson Dndlej'; Damascus — Abram P. Reed; Napoleon — Hazael Strong; Florida— H. Glca- son; Independence — B. B. Abell; Defiance — Horace Sessions; Bruner.sburg — Brice Hilton ; Monclova — Daniel Strayer ; Lockport — A, F. Hull. 92(> HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. It would bo both impracticable and uiiprof- itablo to follow the vaiying course of the Mau- uiee Press for the half-century following its advent. In common with all Western Towns, it had many newspapers, published by many proprietors, which in character did not compare unfavorably witli others. After the Express, came the Maumee River Times — published jointly at Maumee and Porrysburg, by II. T. Smith, which, in changed forms, was continued until the removal of the office to Toledo, in 1855. The Neic Era, publislied weekly at Maumee, was established in February, 1872, by P. C. Holt & Co., who were succeeded by J. E. Wil- cox. The latter conducted it until 1881, when the present Editor and Proprietor, F. D. Crane, assumed the management. The Neic Era is independent in j^olitics and devoted to news and home interests. Churches.— Itinerant Methodist preachers were among the early wliite Morkers in the Maumee Valley, doing special and temporary service ; but it was not until 1830, that perma nent shape was given to religious work by that denomination. The first Cla.ss at Maumee City was organized at the house of James Jackson in 1834, which stood on the " Point" on lower Broadway. Mr. Jackson came to Maumee in 1831, as an Indian Agent, under appointment of President Jaclvson. The Society was organ- ized by Kev. E. H. Pilcher, of the Michigan Conference, with Eev. Elnathan C. Gavitt, now of Toledo, as junior preacher. The members of the Class were James Jackson, wife and daughter Maria (Mrs. Dr. Oscar White, of To- ledo), Mrs. Mary S. Hunt (wife of General J. E. Hunt), and Miss Sophia Hedges (Mrs. Henry S. Comniager, of Toledo). Jacob Spangler united the following year. The first house of of worship for this Church was built in 1837, with subscription.s obtained in 1830, bj' Eev. L. B. Gurley, then the Presiding Elder — Eev. Orrin Mitchell being the preacher when the building was erected. To that time services were held in the School-house built in 1822 or '23. The first parsonage at Maumee and in the Valle}' was erected in 1844, but was not long occupied as such. It yet stands at the corner of Dudley and Williams Streets. The second parsonage (now in use) was built in 1848, Eev. Wm. S. Lunt being then the Pastor. Eev. David Burns was the first Mini.ster who resided at Maumee. On the occasion of the celebration of the lOOth anniversary of Methodism in Eng- land (in 1838), §41.50 was collected from the Maumee Church as a centennial fund, beside the donation of a lot by General Hunt and wife for a pai-sonage. Until 1856 the Maumee Church stood first in the Maumee District, after which time Toledo took precedence. On the occasion of the re-union of the Water- ville and Maumee Churches, at the latter place, in September, 1875, Eev. T. N. Barkdull fur- nished many facts of the early historj' of Meth- odism in the Maumee Valley. At that time there were living many pioneer Methodists of that region, including the following: Mrs. Almira Forsyth, daughter of Isaac Hull, who came to Maumee in 1815; Mrs. Marj- S. Hunt; Mrs. Eliza M. Horton ; Jacob Spangler and wife ; Mrs. Elizabeth Neelej-, who came in 1841 ; Geo. W. Eeynolds, who came in 1841 ; and Mrs. Frances W. Hull, who united in 1842. The Presbyterian Church at Maumee Cit}' was organized in 1820, and its semi-centennial was recognized January 23, 1870, at which time but one of the original members survived — Dr. Horatio Conant. In a letter dated Maumee City, March 8, 1838, Levi Beebc, a prominent business man of that place, wrote hissonin-law, Elizur Fair- man, Brownville, Jefferson County, New York, on the subject of the latter's coming to Maumee to open a Hardware Store, of which there was none there at that time. Mr. Beebe set forth the advantages of the locality in strong terms. He owned several business buildings, one of which he had just leased to a (Jolumbus firm. There were then 50 new buildings being gotten under way. All mechanics and laborers were eniploj-ed. The Episcopal Church, at the upper end of the Town, was being constructed; the Methodist edifice nearly completed ; the Pres- b3-terian Church expected Eev. Mr. Eeed, then at Tiffin, to become its Pa.stor ; while a deep religious interest pervaded the Town. Mr. Parker (a brother of Joel Parker, of Mas.sachu- setts), was then tem])orarily preaching in the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Beebe was that year a representative to the Presb}*terian Gen- eral Assembly from the Maumee Presbytery. The City in 1888 had five Churches— St. Joseph's (Catholic) Church, Pastor, Eev. J. P. Mertes; St. Paul's (Ej)iscopal), supplied by Eev. G. S. May, of Defiance; Presbyterian Church, Stated S;ipply, Eev. Mr. Hustis; Meth- odist Episcopal, Eev. Wm. V. Marsh, Pastor; Lutheran Church, supjilied from Pei'rysburg. A Baptist Church existed here for some time, but was disbanded. Masons.— Northern Light Lodge, No. 40, F. and A. M., was chartered December 12, 1818, the charter being signed by Chester Griswohl, G. M. The chai'ter members were Eber Ward, Almon Gibbs, William Gi-ifHth, S. H. Thurston, Charles Gunn, Sheldon Johnston, David John- ston, 'William Preston, J. C. Adams. Cannot find any record of officers until June 12, 1822, when we have the following — Horatio Conant, W M.; John T. Baldwin, S. W.; E. McKnight, J. W.; Ambrose Eice, Secretary; David M. Hawly, Tyler. Present officers : J. H. Wvman, W. M.; O.'N. Gunn, S. W.; William Perin, J. W.; S. Spanlding, S. D.; John Binckley, J. D.; H. B. Lautzenheiser, Secretar}' ; George H. Blaker, Treasurer; J. E. Wilcox, Tyler. Odd Fellows. — Maumee Lodge, No. 682, f f WAYNESFIELD TOWNSHIP. !I27 was iiislitulod Jul}- 17, 187!). Cliartor officers: J. V. Fleming, N. G.; Eobort Alvius, V. G.; Louis Woltinger, Secretary; and Aiuirew Nuh- foi-, Treasurer. Present officers: Andrew 2s iili- ler, X. G.: C. H. Gumer, V. G.; (). C. Geere, IJecording Secretary; Henry Aljn, Permanent Secretary. Members, 90. BANKING IN MAUMEE. As clsewliore stated, the first Uank of issue in Lucas County, was the Bank of JManliallan, oi-gaiiized and acting under an alleged charter by a body calling itself the Legislature of the Slate of Michigan, but which had no legal ex- istence as such. The second Banking institu- tion in the County, and the first one legally org.uiized, was the Mauniee Citj- Insurance Company Bank, at Maumee. It was chartered bj- the OhioLegislature in 18H8, with a ca]iital stock of S250,(i(l0, in shares of SldO each. The stockholders were as Ibllows : Names. iVo. S/Hnef. Ainmivt. Sani'l K. I'agc, Kentiipkv .500 S.iO.OOO ,Iolm Euiiiick Konliukv 25ii -JS KW John Stivers, Kentuckv 230 25,000 James Giithrif. Kentucky 100 10,(H10 Josu'h T. Guthrie, Kentucky 310 21,000 Francis C. FiUay, Kentuckv KiO 10,U()0 Panic. Fillav, Kentuckv 100 10.(HiO Nnhain Aldrich, Kentuckv 50 n.OOO I'hilo H. Taylor, Fort Wavne 100 10,000 James H. Forsvth. ^^aumee 183 1S,:!00 Elisha Mack, Mauniee 48.5 48..500 Chas.C. P. Hunt. Maumee 40 4.000 (Jeo. B. Knaggs, Maumee 2 200 Robert A. Forsvth, Manmee 10 l.tiOO Thomas Clark. Manmce 1(1 l.ocd Will. Kicharilson, Maumee 10 I.OIIO Nicholas .\rthur & Son, JIauniee 50 ri.tKX) H. A. Carpenter, Maumee 50 5.1KK1 2,500 8850,000 As seen above, the cntei-prise was mainlj' in the hands of Kentuck3- parties — largely from Louisville, they representing two-thirds of the c;i]iital stock. It was organized with James H. Forsj-th as President, and J. T. Guthrie as Cashier. Of the stock, five per cent. (§12,500), was paid in, constituting the working capital of the Bank, which went into operation in i8l!8. The disastrous financial condition then com- mon to the entire country, and esjiecially to the West, left but a small field for the opera tion of such an institution, and November 14, 1839, it was placed in the hands of M. R. Waite and Elisha Mack, for liquidation, and by them was closed up. The question of theauthority of the Company to issue bills for circulation was raised in the Courts, and is uiider.stood to have been decided in the negative. Four denominations of bills-Sl 00, S2.00, 13.00 and S5.00 — were issued, ]iayable, respec- tively, to Horatio Conant, John H.James (of Urbana, Ohio), John Ilollister (of Perrysburg), and John E. Hunt or order. Of the ?5.00 bills, as high in number as 20,722, had been prepared March 4,1839, makinga total of §103,- 610 of that denomination. PROPOSED FI'EKII.I.JIENT OF rONTRACT. The competition between the Tow^ns which in l.s3(i were struggling into existeiico on the Maumee, stai'ted a ([uostion as to where the "llciid of Navigation " of the River for l^ake cralt was to become finally fixed. As a curi- osity ot the times, a notice in liio .Ahiumoe Express, published in February, 1838, is given. It ajipears that at that time :i petition was cir- ciihited at Maumee City iind Perrysburg, ask- ing the Legislature tobuild a Canal from Man. haittan to the Foot of the Rajiids, to be connected with Penysburg by an acqueduct. This Canal was to be 20 feet deeii and 200 feet wide. The propriety of this measure was ur;{cil by the petitioners on the l^cfrislaturc on .several prrouuds, one iif which was, that they were owners of hiiul at Maumee and riiTy.sburg and residents of tliose Towns; that they hiid ptirehaseil the lands on which they lived at high prices from the Stale of Ohio and made costly improveineiits thereon, in the finii belief tluit said Towii.s wen' at the head of iiavi.i,'ation of the Maumee Kiver, and thereby a contract was implied between the petitiuneis anil tlie State of Ohio, that the said River would be iuivij;able for I.aUe Vessels to said Towns. They tlierefore asked tlial " the said Towns be made the head of navigation, according to the terras of the contract before set forth ; " and this they did "the more boldly, because they were aware that the people of the Towns of Toledo and Manhat- tan made their settlements at those places under the belief that the ^fauiiiee liiver was not navigable to any iioint above; and that in consideration of such lieiief and the implied contract deiieiiding thereon, the servants of the people have solemnly de<'lared that tlie said Towns of Toledo and Manhattan are at the liead of navigation aforesaid ; and that every act of your petioners tending to iirove to the contrary, is a sin against them and an insult to the sovereign State of Ohio in the persons of her faitlifid and disin- terested officers. " < In such grounds, the petitioners asked the State to Iniild the Sliip Canal to teeptlie Tow ns of I'eriy.sburg and Mauniee at the head of navigation, according to the terms of " tlie implied contract, aforesaid." The editor of the L'.rprfss ap- pears to have had little hope of the success of this movement. The names of the authors and pmnio- ters of this iietition are not lueiitioiicd. This relic of the luist, testifies to the local feeling formerly pre- vailing among rival settlements on the ISiver. ri'l'KR MAIMEF, NAVHIATION. In June, 1S37, tiiqieared the tmnouneement that the Steamboat tien. Wayne, C'apt. IL C. Williams, would "leave the head ol the Ra]iid,s every day at 1 p. m, for the foot of I''lat IJock, where there would be coaches and teams to convej' passengers and freight to Defiance." Passengers leaving Maumee City and Perrys- burg in the morning, arrived at Defiance same day. Returning, left Defiance at G A. M., and reached the head of the Raiiiasseiiger8 or IVeight," left Defiance every Friday for Fort Wayne, running through in three days. Du- ring high water, the Steamboat ran between I 928 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. tlie licad of tlie Kapids and Fort Wayne. The agents of the line were O. H. Han-is, Provi- dence ; G. C. Mudgett & Co., BrunerRburg; and White & Kirtland and S. A. & J. H. Sar- gent, Maumee Citj'. Beside this Steamboat route, was a daily through Stage-line between Maumee City and l)efianec. Tlie mail passed twice a week. INITIAL FACTS. The first Post Office North of the Maumee, was located at Maumee Citj' in 1817. The names of tiie earliest Postmasters now remem- bered are those of Charles C. P. Hunt and George W. Woodward. Tiie former was Post- master in 1833, and was succeeded by the fol- l(jwing: George W. Woodward, Wire, Daniel Williams, P. C. Holt, Leroy E. Clarke, E. C. Moore, John A. Church. The Wolcott dwelling, built bv James Wol- cott, one of the pioneers of the Maume Valley, in 1834-36, stands on the North bank of the river at Fort Miami. Tiie situation is sightly, overlooking Perrysburg on the opposite bank. The building is somewhat antiquated in style compared with modern architecture — two stories high, about 28x40 feet in size, with a portico supported by turned columns in front. The structure is built of hewed logs, clapboard- ed on the outside and lathed and pla.stered within. Samuel Wagner, now living in Toledo, worked on this house in 1S3(). The columns wei'o turned b\- a Mr. McMurray, who had a Chair Sho]) on Mi'. Wolcott's place. Mr. and Mrs. Wolcott lived and died in this old man- sion. (She was a daughter of Captain Wells, aractice in the Supreme Court of the United States, u|)on the motion of Judge E. D. Potter, then Rejire- sentative in Congress from this District. The local contemporaries of Mr. Cook in the early years of his practice included Samuel M. Young, Morrison R. Waite, Hez. L. Hosmer, Thomas Dunlap and Horace F. Waite. The vigorous period of his practice continued until the removal of the st!at of justice from Maumee to Toledo, in 1852, although he jiursued the same until 18(J5. Meanwhile, he directed his attention to dealing in real estate, with which and with farming interests he has been for many years largely identified in both Lucas and Wood Counties — his ])resent agi'icultural holdiuffs asirreiratiu!; 28 farms. In 1854 Mr. Cook was ap])ointed a ( ommissioner of the County and in 1855 was elected to the same office, serving until 1858. He has frcipu'ntly sei'vcd his neighbors in local official ])ositi<>ns, including those of Councilman and City Alloi-- nej' for several j'cars ; while for three terms he was an efficient member of the Board of Rducation. In his earlier years he was active in ]>olitical matters, in which he took much interest. Jn 1 8li(; he joined Mr. K. B. .Mitchell in fountlind. Maumee. March 8, 1838, Moses Robinson and Lncv Soutliworth. SprlDglield, April 8, 18.38, Oliver W. Alverson and" Harriet Trum- bull. Perrysburs, April 19. 1839, Stephen L. Gilbert and Julia Willard. Maumee. Nov. .5, 18.38, Dennison Steele and Hattie R. Coles. Houndsflold, JefTerscJn Co., N. Y., Nov. 14, 1838, James F. Smith and Isabel Crowell. JIaumee. Uec. 18, 18:«, Nathaniel Gilbert and Livonia P.obbins VVnynesfleld, Dee. 2", 1838. John Schwartz and Elizabeth Straver. Perrysburg, Jan. 3. 18.39, Edward Bloomfield and Frances Blinn. Hamilion. N. Y.,Sept. 29, 1838, A.J. Hacklev and Hannah Blishl .Sornern, f:t., Oct. 10, l.S«, Geo. Powers and Augusta Peck. Maum. e, March 21, 1839, Wni. Kiehardson and Amelia Nelson. DEATHS. Hawley, laughterof Nathaniel Hnrham, Napoleon, O., Dec. 4, 1838. Sarah Eliza, wife r>f N. H aged 22. Maumee, Dec. 18, 18.38, Louisa E, aged 22. Waterville, Tec. an. 18.38, John L. Prav, aged 27. Perrysburg, Jan. 21, 18:i9, Helen, wife of William Earl. .Maumee, Dec. 17, 18:17, Mrs. Harriet Co|>elanrt, aged 23, Cleveland, Sept. 22. 1838, Levi Heebe. -Maumee, .Sept. 21. 1838. N. M. Cutlibert. aged iS Waynesfield, March 7, 1839, Catharine, wife of Peter Strayer, aged 64. Maumee. July 14, 1838, Frances E., daughter of Henry Reed, Jr., aged 4 years. Maumee. Dec. 9, 1838, David Coles, aged 46. NEW MAUMEE. It would not be desirable here to follow in detail the changing conilitions of Maumee for the (50 years of its existence as a Town and a City. The record of early hopes and struggles; of subsequent advance and confidence; and of later fttilure and disappointment, even if here presented, would be of no practical benefit. Suffice it now to state, thtit few localities in the enterprising West had advantages equal to those of Maumee. The list of those who gave life and energy to the \ oung Town, enibrticed names of men of prominence and character, who omitted no effort for the promotion of its prosperity; as did like actors in later years ; but the changing conditions of trade, ehieflj', proved too much for them, and Maumee's greatness — as pictured in fancy did not come. But Maumee is not dead. She only sle^jt. An awakening lias taken place, and a new con- dition of things arisen, and from a cause as little dreamed of as if it were miraculous. The discover}' of natural gas in this region, and its success as fuel had but fairly become known, when, in the Spring ot 1887, a movement \vas made for the introduction of that element of growth and wealth into that place. Means were provided by the City for securing requi- site gas territory, boring wells and piping gas to and throughout the City, the cost of which was estimated at S75,00O. Already (July, 1888) this work is well advanced. Several imjjortant manufacturing establishments have been se- cured, with good prospect for additional ones; and a changed condition seems fairly established for Maumee. As indicative of the cost and value of the new fuel, it maj* here be stated, that hetiling and cook stoves average to pay 812.00 per year; a 10-Pot Glass Factory, $300 ; Paint and Oil Works, 820(1; Cotton Mills, §100; a Woollen Mill, 850 ; Flouring Mill, «50. The gas suppi}' is found near Waterville, some six miles South of Maumee, where six wells have been bored, to which others are to be added as the demand mav ari.se. MANHATTAN TOWNSHIP. 9:w IVEANHATTAN TOWNSHIP. The Township of Munhattan was organized in June, 1840, and was bounded as fidlows : On the East by the West line of Sections li) and 30 in Town 9 South, Range 9 East ; Soutli by the South line of Sections 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29 in Town 9 South, Range 8 East; West liy the Easterly line of the City limits of Toledo and the West line of Sections 6, 7, 18 and 19, in Town 9 South, between Ranges 7 and 8 ; and North by the Harris line. This Township was maintained until 1874, when its territorj' was divided between the City of Toledo and Oregon Township, and the name Manhattan, as of an existing entity, en- tirely ceased to be. The writer much regrets his inability to make more .satisfuctorj' mention of this Township, which fact is due to inability to find requisite records. » TOWN OF -MANHATTAN. As already stated, for many years the great disturbing question among the many Towns along the Maumee River, was as to the point at which the Canals would enter that stream, tlie decision of which was e.xpeeted to settle definite- ly and finally the question as to the location of the chief commercial City of the Maumee Valley. For a time the question rested with Maumee, Port Lawrence and Vistula. In 1833, the latter two were united in Toledo, which became the chief rival of Maumee for the Canal outlet. About this time several leading men of Buffalo engaged in the Forwarding business on the Erie Canal and Lake, with a view to the ex- tension of their connections, became interested in property near the mouth of the Maumee River. The parties consisted of Jacob A. Barker, Horatio N. Holt, Chas. Townsend, Geo. Coit, Sheldon Thompson, John L. Kiniberly, John T. Hudson, Geo. P. Barker, John W. Clark and Stephen G. Austin, all of Buffalo, N. Y.; Geo. W. Card of Willoughby, Ohio, and Piatt Card, of Manhattan. The.se parties wereowners of diverse tracts of land on the Maumee River and near its mouth ; and desirous of selling the same, and believing that could be more advan- tageously done by consolidating the whole into one interest and connecting therewith certain public and useful improvements, they deter- mined to consolidate their property for such purpose. This they did, and in October, 1835, organized "The Maumee Land and Railroad Company," with a capital stock of §350,000, divided into shares of -8250 each. For the management of the business, three Trustees were appointed— John W. Clark, Stephen G. Au.stin and John T. Hudson of Buffalo. The stock was divided as follows : J. A. Barkerand H. N. Holt, jointly, 200 shares; C. Town.send and Geo. (Joit jointlv, 200; S. Thom])son and J. L. Kiniberly, Jointly, lOd; J. T. Hudson and Geo. P. Barker'jointiv, 10(1 ; John W, Clark, 2(10; S. G. Austin, 2(l0'; G. W. and Piatt Card, each 20(1. This Comjiany at once purchased all the lands between Vistula and the month of the Maumee Jviver, and soon laid out the Town of Manhattan, and actively entered upon extensive improvements at that point. Their work con- sisted of docks, buildings, warehouses and a s])aeious hotel. These improvements were well advanced by the Spring of 183(i, when the holed was opened by a Mr. I'atterson, wliose daugh- ter, Mrs. Clotilda B., widow of David B. Mooney, now resides in Toledo. Manhattan now became an active competitor for the Canal outlet, and the" contest deejiened." The outcome of the struggle was then grati- fying to Manhattan, inasmuch as the real "terminus ' was fixed at that place with onl^- " side-cuts " at Toledo and Maumee. On the 1st July, 1837, the Company's arrange- ments were essentially changed. Its nominal capital stock was increased from StSaOjOOO to 82,000,000, divided into 4,20(1 shares of §500 each, which increase was divided among the stoekholders. In July, 1837, the same parties, with Daniel Chase in place of Geo. W. Card, oi'ganizeil what was known as the " East Manhattan J>and Comjiau}','' the object of which, chiefly, w'as to manage and dispose of certain lands on the East side of the Maumee River and neai' its mouth, including the reservation of Fish qua- gun and his son Wa-sa-ou of the Ottawa tribe; the reservations of Au-to-kee; the Navarres, and Aush-kush and Kee-tuck-ee, and other lands. The nominal capital stock of the Com- pany was S9(i0,000, in shares of S2O0 each. The property was to consist of lands, the ])roceeds of the same, and stock in the (_)hio Ituilroad (.'onipany. No serious obstacle to JIaidiattan's advance to the position of Metropolis of Maumee \'alley, could nowbe seen, with Manhattan as the stami- point. Its " natural atlvaniages " as the nearest available point for Lake traffic, with the real terminus of the Canals, left no doubt as to where trade was to center. So confident were the managers of the Company that the final .settlement of the vexed question hatl been made, that ere long, and before essential re- sults were reached, they practicall_v withdrew from the contest, feeling confident that Jlan- hattan would take care of her.self. The un- timely adoption of this policy, was attributed to diti'erent causes, but the pi-obahle one is said to have arisen in the anxiety- of a ])ortioii of the stockholders (chiefly Ohio residents) for 934 HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. I early realization of profils. To what extent this was due to disjiroportion of capital to stock subscriptions with thcni, cannot now bo dcfinitol3' stated. However that may be, the result was not long in coming. A leading de- pendence for success had been the line of Lake Steamers, controlled by the Buti'ulo stockholders, which were expected to stop at Manhattan and not at Toledo. Tliis practice did not continue long, as the owners of the Boats soon learned that their loss of trattic more than offset their interest in Manhattan. The result was, that lessees of their Warehouse (M. L. Collins and others) abandoned them and removed to Toledo. Such action was accepted as a signal for a general stampede. At that time there were there about 500 inhabitants, most of whom hurriedly left. A few mistakenly held on, hoping the Company, even yet, would change its policy. At that time a Bank had been established, a newspaper (the Advertiser) start- ed, and a fair complement of stoi-es, shops, etc., tor a j'oung and growing Town. The Man- hattan Comjjany had opened roads in different clirections, built a bridge across Ten- Mile Creek, and otherwise invited trade. Next to Manhattan's position with relation to Lake tratiic— if not even before that — was its dependence on the Ohio Railroad to the East, and like connection with Monroe and Detroit. The history of the first named of these projects is given elsewhere in the chajiter on Hallways. As a Town, Manhattan reached its end April 24, 1848, when, upon application by two-thirds of the lot owners, the Court of Common Pleas vacated the plat of the Town, save the Streets and Alleys in the same, which were reserved for public use. No one appeared in Court to object to such action. John W. Clark, Stephen (Jr. Austin and John T.Hudson represented the owners in the proceedings for vacation. The plat was then a little more than 10 j^ears old. For 25 3-ears after the vacation of the plat of Manhattan the property remained unimproved, and largely unnoticed. Meantime an attempt was made by purchasers of lands there to re- vive interest in that locality; but without full success. In 1875 more earnest action in the same direction was taken in the construction of the Erie Street and North Toledo Railroad, by parties interested in North Toledo (late Manhattan) propert}'. Some 10 yctirssince the North Toledo Engine Works were established, but were not successful. The location of the Toledo and Ann Arbor, Wheeling and Lake Erie, and Cincinnati, Jackson and Mackinaw Railways, through North Toledo, including the erection of abridge across the River, somewhat strengthened that section. Man}' dwellings and stores, together with two School-houses and a Methodist Church, have been erected. The Libhie Glass Works and those of the Toledo Window Glass Company, and the movement for the development of Glassboro as a manufac- turing point, are expected to strengthen that portion of Toledo. PERSONAL RECORD. As showing something of tlie residents of the Township and Town of Manhattan, the follow- ing record of transfers of real estate and other matters is here given : In July, 1835, Wa-.sa-on-o-qiiit, Chief of the Ottawa Tribe of IncUans, for .f 2,030, sold to TlattCard, a tract known as Wa-sa-on-o-quit's Reservation, ut the mouth of the ^lamnee River, granted to that Chief under the treaty of February, 1833. and contain- ing 1()0 acres. Four residents of Mauioee certified that the price paid was a fair consideration for the same. In May, 183(>, Aush-cusli and Kee-tuck-kee, Chiefs of the Ottawa Tribe of Indians, for .12,000 .sold to Daniel Chase, UiO acres, consisting of lands reserved to them under the treaty of 1833, and lying on the North side of Ottawa Creek, and above the place where Aush-cush then lived. Charles Wliecler to David Partridge, Sept.. 1831!. Paul Guoin to Daniel Chase, Ma_v, l.s3(i. Piatt Card to Benjamin F. Tyler, .sold 200 shares of stock in East ilunhattan Land Companv, for $40 000, September, is:',7; and 200 shares Maumee Land and Railroad Company, for $100,000 at the same time. J. W. Clark to Sylvester Miller, .January, 1838. John DePew to James Kirk, August, 1838. Peter Grodah to James Kirk, November, 1838. The Manhattan Ferry C'om]);iny was organized in August, 1840, and consisted of James L. Chase, Jona- than Lundy and Robert C. Denman. It was organ- ized under a charter granted by the Ohio Legislature, for establishing and maintaining a ferry across the Maumee River at Manhattan. Francis M. Feno to Jared Mora, June, 1.839. J. D. Morey to Geo. D. Card, June, 1838. Mack Purd'y to John M. Webb, September, 18.39. Jabez P. Thompson to Moses Cornell, Nov. 1837. Wm. S. Nichols to Francis L. Nichols, Oct. 1840. John P. Pond to Beuj. Williams, March, 1843. Emery Reynolds to Joseph F. Ganson, March, '4.5. Leon Guion to James L. Chase and Daniel V. Edsel, 184.5. Daniel Chase to Eli Freeman, December, 1848. The Maumee Land and Railroad Company sold Town Lots as follows : To Elizabeth Weeks, Ma}', 1839; to Solon Corning, July, 1839; to A. E. Hart, June, 1838; to Fred Wright", May, 1839; to Abiram H. Squire, June, 1838; to John L. Edmunds, June, 1838; to Newton E. Crittenden, same time; to Francis M. Frino, same time ; to Geo. W. Wal- bridge, July, 1839; to James H. Meachison, 1839; to Jacob Seffert, .tune, 1838; to Samuel Fletcher, October, 1838; to Erasmus D. Dunning, June, 1.838; to Isaac C. Vaugh, November, 1838; to Chas. Steb- bins, July, 1839; to Amos Pratt. June, 1838; to Fred W. Clark, June 1838; to Robert Hart, June, 1838; to Mack Punly, September, 1838 ; to Patrick Forres- ter, November, 183.s; to Wui. Hall, June, 1838; to Lucius C. Rouse, March, 1840; to Sanuiel P. Carrol, July, 1841; to EHzabetb Coruwell, May, 1839; to Wm. Himrod, November, 1.840; to JamesM. Warren, December, 1841 ; to Shibna Nichols, 1830 ; to Owen Smith, August. 1.842; to Jonathan Lundv, April, 1,S42; to Fred. Miller, IMay, 1838; to Sarah F." Prentice, De- cember, 1842; to Wm. West, June, 1838; tci Hudson Kellogg, .\pril, 1842; to Geo. Hastings, fJctober, '39 ; to ilary Ragan, June, 1844; to Thos. L. (Gilbert, Jr., July, 1.840; to Scth Wright, February, 1843; to Arch- ibald and Levi Allen, June, 1838; to Julia H. Swift, June, 1838; to Clement Carpenter, July, 1839; to Harry V. Mann, July, 1845. INDIVIDUAL INDEX. This Index lias been made as full as was found to be practicable ; and with the specifications of omissions notod below, it is believed the reader will readily find any name desired. N. B. — Names on the pages stated below are omitted from this Index, to wit : 274-278. Army (^rgauizatious iu the War of the Rebclliou. Lists of Union Soldiers iu Cemeteries of the 'several Townships of Lucas Giuuly, May, 1865. Associations of Union Ex-Soldiers. Union Prisoners of War. History and members of Toledo Cadets. Early Missionary Work in the Maumee Valley. Permanent Religiovis Work in Lucas County, including tUuirches, Sabbath Schools, and other organizaliona. Publishers of Ohio Ncwspapers-1819, 18;J5, 1877. Members of Jlaumee Valley Pioneer and Monumental Associations. Persons engaged in Horticulture and Agriculture. Members of Secret Societies. The German Element. Toledo Manufacturers. Toledo Committee of Safety during the Railroad " Strike " of 1877. Besides these, are omitted from this Index names of large numbers of sellers and purchasers of lands in the several Townships ; and also names of Township Officers and of Township School Officers and Teachers. I. 13:)-219 ; n. 220-22-2. TIL 228-253. IV. 264-2T0. V. 278-279. VI. .wg-sss. VII. 584-61)8. VIII. 642-643. IX. 699-706. X. 709-716. XI. 725-731. xn. 741-754. XIII. 788-789. XIV. 797. Page. ABBOTT, B.D.... 877 Abbott. Caleb F. 314, SiS, 342, 365, 385, 386. 393, 481, 688, 807 Abbott, Emma 678 Abbott, Lorenzo ... 877 Abbott. Parley 913 Abbott, S. B 917 A-beewa (Indian),, 657 .\bel, Oulen B 314 Abele, J. B 859 Abell, G. B. 315, 328, 366 Acker & Kanada 924, 925 Acklaud, Robert.... 98 Ackley, H. A 29. 688 Ackley & Perkins... 481 Acres, E. N 102 .\dams, .\my .323 Adams, A. T 101 Adams, C. F 478, 495 .Vdaras, F. M 861 Adams, G. A.... 64, 915 Adams, .James 872 Adams, James C 913 Adams, Jane 914 Adams. John 100 Adams, J. C 926, 930 Adams, John J 97 Adams, Marina 902 Adams, R. E 773 Adams, Samuel R... 86 Adams, \Vm. .\ 102 .'Vdkins, Amos .323 Adsit. Orson 895 Aflalter. Mr 882 .\hrendt, C. F. W ... 96 Ahrendt, W. L 391 Aiken, F. H 803 Ain, J 103 Ainger, D. B 643 Ainger, Roswell P. 110. 486, 681,819, 821 Ainger, Mrs. R. P... 116 Aiunesly, P. M 96 Ainsworth, J. H 422 Ainswortb, Mrs. W. W 263 Albert, George 99 Albon, Josiah ia3 .\lbright, L. M 12;i Alcoru, W.W.-J02, 361, 366 Alcott, Roger 83 Aldrich, Miss Ann.. 119 Aldrich, Thomas B.. 97 Page, Alexander, C 99 Alexander, R. H.... 102 Alexander, Mrs. W. H 722 Alfred, Heman 663 Alfred, Hiram 97 All, John. ...104, 870, 891 .\llen, .\nder30n 914 -Mien, .\rchibald 934 Allen, Burr 96, 882 Allen, C. H 107,486 .VUeu, Declan, 100, 120, 317, 350, 485 Allen, Edson, 100, 314, 326, 867, 385, 481, 719 .\Ueu, Fanny L. .300, 480, 66i Allen, Fred. S... 880, 882 Allen, F. W 99 Allen, George, 66.3, 848, 923 Allen, Henry 82 Allen, John C 101 Allen, J. F 101 Allen, J. O 849 Allen, J. W 848, 889 Allen, Levi 934 .Allen, L. W 892 Allen, Luther.. 224 Allen, Mureau 97 Allen, M. H -99 Allen, Nehemiah, 315, .324. 486 Allen, Samuel, 77, 3)7, .•«5, 460, 430, 667, 905 .\llen, Mrs. Sam 668 Allen, Seneca, 371, 471, 660, 921 Allen, S. W. 331, 3.37, 889 Allen, ShadrackW.. 891 Allen, S& Co 480 Allen, Wm.- 12,300, 357 Allen, W. T 98 Allen & Gibbons 925 Allen & Hathaway.. 901 Alley, E. H 98 Allman, Addie 879 Allman, .\. J 879 AUman, C. C. 343, 344, 879 Allman, Daniel. 104, 879 Allman, Wm. 313,315,879,882 Page. AUmau, Junius 879 Almond, George 917 Almond, Mrs. George 917 Alsbach, Michael... 923 Alvius, Robert 927 Alverson, Oliver W. 932 Alvord, John W.... 320 Allwood, J. K 850 Alyn, Henry 927 American Printing Co 611 Amsdale, John. 905 Anderson, Alex. 315, 344 Anderson, Charles.ll, .892 Anderson, C. M 830 Anderson, David 85, 87, 682 Anderson, D. S 98 Anderson, Frank W. 100 Anderson, James .\. 98 Anderson, Joseph... 913 Anderson, Urrin S 86, 99 Anderson, Wm. 480, 481, 758 Andrews, A. K., Jr.. 889 Andrews, Augustus 320, 905 Andrews, C. G 81 Andrews, E. B 11 Andrews, E, E 103 Andrews, Fred. G... 618 .Vndrews. Jairus 322 Andrews, Jairus D., 905 .\udrews, L. G 486 Andrews, Samuel 97, 321, 638, 640, 649 Andrews, S. C 302 Andrews, William.. 8U8 Andrews, W. B 360 Angell, Nichola.s.... 101 Auglemeyer, .Jonas Atwood, Rev 915 Atwood, S. F. 272, 450, 4.57. 667 Aachard, Clark.. ,391, 475 Aush-kush (Chief).. 9*i Austin, A. T 224 Austin, D. R. 89, 90, 106, 863, aVJ, 425 Austin, Julia ff 694 Austin, L. R 915 Austin, Stephen G. 933, 931 Austin, Thaddeus R. 897, 900 Auth, John 100 Autibiis, John 9*J Aulnkee (Chief), 8.V2,9:« .Averv Edwin, 86, 92. :i42, :«i6, 3a5, 475, 686, 815, 829 Averv, Ed.,Jr 99 Avery, Elias 387 Avery, J. U 389 Page, Avery, Thomas W.. 694 Awyli'S, Ansborn ... 103 .-\vres. Abner 429 Ayers, H. V 345 Ayres, Jo.seph 484 BABBITT, A. T... 475 Babcock, E. L. 668 Balicock, John 300 Babington, Wm 359 Backman, W. S 101 Backus, Abner L. 90,345,354,390,447,479, 483, 6.37, 8:)7 Hiiekus, Alex... 478, 694 Backus, Asa lOO Backus. Elijah 6.37 Backus, F. T 92 Backus. S. R 477 Backus, W. W 777 Haei>u. H. M. 226,261, :!60 Hacon, Xorval B 810 Hacun. Rjindall G... 767 Baileau, R. .M 360 llmlger, Joseph 333 Hadglield, John 878 Bailey, Daniel 103 Bailey, D. E 423 Bailey, Jesse . ... 438 Hal ley, J. E 388, 44;j Bailey, J. W 640 liailoy, Sarah „ 914 Bailey, Silas 486 Bailey, S. F 102 Builey, Miss S. L 119 Bailhache. John 642 Bails, Wm 923 Baiubridge, P. W... 42.3 Baird, Mrs. Fannie.. 723 Baird, Geo. W 314 Baird, J. J 113 Baither, Gust«v 484 Baker, .Vbijah 661 Baker, Andrew 849 Baker, .V. M 40a Baker, C. F 477 Baker, D. C 819 BaKcr, David P 102 Baker, D. W 801 Baker, Geo.s9, 9i;, .'isg, 422 Baker, Mrs. G 8.38 Baker, Geo. G...407, 408 Baker, H. F 643 Baker, James 430 936 INDIVIDUAL INDEX. Page. Baker, J. W 653 Baker, Josiah 321 Baker, J. D 347 Baker, J. L 56 Baker, Ralph W 96 Baker, Timotliy 407 Baker, T. H 768 Baker, Wm. 85, 91, 94, 99, 106, 112, 348, 367, 423, 483. 689. 781,782, 787 Baker, Mrs. Wm 116 Bakewell, Franks.. 485 Balch, G. C 478 Baldwin, .Vlyah 657 Baldwin, C. F 477 Baldwin, Charles J. 675 Baldwin, Cornell R.. 675 Baldwin, Mrs. D. C. 116 Baldwin, Eleazer 90 Baldwin, Eliza T 675 Baldwin, Geo. W. 186, 770 Baldwin, John, 303,319, .322, 366. .371,374, 559, 660. 807, 818, 907 Baldwin, J. W 440 Baldwin. John T. 438, 470, 657, 659, 818,926 Baldwin, Mrs. J. T. 650, 660, 771 Baldwin, John W.... 905 Baldwin, Marcus, 322, 659, 660, 675, 818 Baldwin, MarvLouisa 675 Baldwin, N. C. 326, 843, 844, 928 Baldwin, P. C 915 Baldwin, Samuel, Jr. 642 B,aldwin, S. W 407 Baldwin, Tibbals 657 Baldwin, Uranins, 658, 669, 675 Baldwin, M. W 403 Baldwin, John & Co. 481 Baldy, J. B__.496, 782. 7S7 Ball. John 81 Ball, Lewis 66 Ball, Oscars 689 Ballard, Chas..82, 90, 477 Ballard, Geo. M..123, 176 Ballard, James 97 Ballieux, Jacob 389 Ballon, Orson, 315, 909, 613, 914 Ballon, O. A 101 Ballou, Oscar 117 Ballou, Oscar W. 916, 917, 920 Ballzmeyer. Adam.. 485 Bamford, Richard .. 388 Bancroft, Libbie 889 Bancroft, Rhomnah. 914 Bancroft, Wm.... 888, 891 Bangs, Horatio E. 97, 388, 475. 733 Bangs, John J 924,925 Barber, E. L 497 Bants, Peter 66 Barber, J. A 788 Barber, Robert 389 Barber* Barney 454 Barbier, Charles 873 Barbour & Starr 671 Bard, Elisha 104 Bargy, Valentine. 21, 841, 842 Barigin, Tlios 321 BarkduU, Thomas... 915 Barkdull, Thos. H... 649 BarkduU, T. N 926 Barkdull, W. H 649 Barker, Amos V.__ 99 Barker, B... 861, 918 Barker, Calvin, 99, 112, 144, 478, 484, 807 Barker, Mrs. Calvin. 116 Barker, Eugene 917 Barker, George 103 Barker, George P 933 Barker, Jacob A 933 Barker, John 694 Barker, John J. 113, 360, 496, 782 Barker, J. S .360 Barker, Mrs. M. J. 116,731 Barker, Nathan M... 484 Barker, R. D.. 89 Barker, A. B. & H. & Co 445 Barlow, A. W. „ , 96,47.5,485,669 Barlow, Hiram P. 915, 920, 929 Page. Barlow, Jonah 102 Barlow, Jonathan... 877 Barmatzel, Daniel... 100 Barnes, Arthur 880 Barnes, Asena 880 Barnes, Ashbel 879 Barnes, Mrs. A. M. C. 831 Barnes, B .346 Barnes, B. P.849, 850, 880 Barnes, Charles 879 Barnes, George 440 Barnes, Henry 650 Barnes, Harriet /Smith) 879 Barnes, James. _. 879, 880 Barnes, James H 407 Barnes, John 104, .■i79 Barnes, Jona .338 Barnet, Joseph 64 Barnes, J. C 8S0 Barnes, Matthew 878 Barnes, O. F _ 880 Barnes. Robert 880 Barnes, Silas 319, 323 Barnes, Willard 877 Barnes, Wm 104, 879 Barnes, W. D 880 Barnes, W. S 880 Barnhydt, D. P 403 Burnett, W. -A. 862 Barney, B. B... 388,479,689 Barney, B. E 102 Barnum. C. P 388 Barnum, W. L 866 Barr, P. H 100 Barrett, J. C. _ 66 Barrett, Milton. 350, 694 Barrett, Samuel •321, 331, 882 Barry, Wm. M _ 98 Barth, Sebastian 484 Bartholf, Isaac 892 Bartholt, Peter 891 Bartholl, John 103 Bartley, M.. 11, 341, 365 Hartley, Rudolph A. 762 Bartlett, Samuel 366 Bartley, Simon 913 Bartley, T. W 11 Bartlett, Hiram. 900, 901 Bartlett, P. T _ 640 Bartlett, Town.send, 901 Barton, John 848 Bash, .Jacob 475 Bash, D. N.. 97,475, 690 Bashare, H.. 478 Bashare, Mi)o 112, 475, 485 Bassett, E. P. 85, 87, 100, 106, .342, 422, 484, 835. 811 Bassett, Mrs. E. P... 116 Bateman, Elwood 360, 762a Bateman, Mrs. El- wood 723 Bateman, Frederick 848 Bateman Peter 878 Bateman, P. P 848 Bateman, W. A 848 Batenahl &, Bro 482 Bates, Curtis 331 Bates, C. F 104 Bates, Edward 463 Bates, Elisha 642 Bates, Wm.__ lOI Bateson, P. H 640 Bathric, Zebina 882 Batt, John. 11.3, 117, 916 Battelle, Joseph B. 040, 813 Baughman, John \. 906, 914 Baum, Martin 370 Baumbach, Herman 358 Baumgardner, E. W. 76S, 788 Baumgardner, J. H. 788 Baumgardner, L. S. 360, 391, 477, 724, 768, 788, 810 Baumgartner, Jacob 103 Bayer, Clara 916 Bayer, John 390 Bayle.ss, Mrs. D 879 Bavliss, B. H 98 Bayliss Mrs. Lydia. . 864 Beach, Chas. S 98 Beach, Gilbert 94 Beach, Jacob 98. 107 Beach, J. L 690 Beach, Lewis 66 Beach, MoisesS 494 „ , Page. Beach, Wm. .\. 96, .361, 436, 475 Beach, Mrs. W. A... 831 Beal, Asa 882 Beall, Enos 888 Beall, Leonard 66 Beall, .Sew.ard 94 Beals, Asahel .3.38 Seals, Wm.. 877, SS8, 928 Beard, Mrs. D. J 880 Beard, P. C .361 Beardsall, Luke 923 Beardsley, Levi.. 310, 401 Beates, J. F 830 Beattv, Henry 923 Beatty,J. H 360 Beatty, O. H 850 Beatty, S. M 261, 685 Beatty, Wm .361, 389 Beaubien, James 492 Beaugrand,JohnB.. 657 Beaumont, E. M 389 Beanpre, Chas....... 486 Bebb, Wm ...11, 342, 447 Beekel, Charles 831 Beckham, W. H 356 Beckwith, X. C 810 Beckwith, E. 99 Beckwith, G. H 391 Beckwith, F. T 99 Bedwin, Alfred 483 Bedwin, Israel 483 Beebe, Artemus 407 Beebe, Levi .923, 926, 932 Beecher, J. W 387 Beecher, Lyman 15 Beeley, Joseph 89 Beerv, James 90 Beiler, Mrs. S. L 923 Belford, Irwin 813 Bell, John... 96, 302, 341 Bell, J. B.. 810 Bell, J. Madison .... 355 Bell, Peters 878 Bell. R. H., 348, 362, 475, 485. 487, 758 764, 816, 837 Bell .i Deveau... 482, 762 Bellamy, H. X 482 Belknap, A. A.. 101, 485 Belknan, Fred'k 326 Belknap, W. W 228 Bellman, Chas. N... 049 Bellman, John ..102, 892 Bellman, Wm. H.96, 477 Bellman, Wm. M... (549 Bellows, Alonzo 893 Bellows, B., Jr 102 Bellows, Charles 82 Bellows, James 432 Bellows, Samuel 905 Bement. Samuel. 361, 366 Benana, Charles 98 Bender, Joseph 641 Benedict, .V 99 Benedict, C... 96 Benedict, D. V 432 Benedict, Geo. A 650 Beney, Thos 917 Bengough, Celia 266 Bengough, Julia 266 Benjamin, Moses G., 897, 900 Benly, Silas 99 Bennett, Alanson... 104 Bennett, Calvin K. 97, 360, 370, 440 Bennett, Charles P... 366 Bennett, Edward 81 Bennett, F. T 268 Bennett, George.668. 923 Bennett, Henry, 85, 315, 337, 360, 407,440, 445, 483, 907 Bennett, Mrs. Henry, 116 Bennett, M... 104 Bennett, W. H 689 Bennett, Wm. L 104 Bennett & Morton... 480 Bentley, David 923 Benson, E. W 60 Bentham, Robert 98 Berdan, E. F 758 Berdan, John, 224,321,3.31,384,471,475, 494,497,719.720,758,808. 905 Berdan.Mrs.MariaW. 081 Berdan, Mrs. Pamela 670 Berdan, Mi.ss Pamela Sil Berdan, P. F. 475, 495, 758, 837, 816 Berdan, Mrs. P. F... 831 Page. Berdan & Keeler.... 482 Blankmeyer, Henry. 102 Page. Bergen, S. H, 98, .348, 352, 366, 389, 486: Blackmeyer, Martin. 102 Blackwell, M iss Mary 116 550, 832 Blackwell, T ' 100 Bergen, Mrs. S. H. Blade Printing & Pa- no, 261, .831 Borkenkamp, H 96 Berkeybilc, R. K 867 Berlauger, Francis X 689 per Co 649 Bladon, John 362, 366, 486, 905, 907 Bladon, Daniel ,360 Berlin, John 320,862 Bladon,' Thos '" 689 Bernor, Lewis 905 Bladon A Co . '489 Berry, Joseph 100 Blafort, Milton... "' 101 Berney, J. J 391 Blair, A. G. 4is Berry, John 90 Blair, E. S.. " ^'K Berry, L. G .402,494 Blake, A. M ■"'" 86 Berry, Thomas 314 Berry, Wm. C 64,877 Bersh, X 104 Bertholf, F 102 Bertholf, Isaac 102 Bertholf, James 97 Bertholf, John 102 Besnett, Joseph Bessinger, Wm. Blake, P. H. 100, 120, 391 Blaker, Achilles.. 923 ... 358 Blakely, F. H Bl.iker, Geo. H. 101, 107, 926 Blaker, Jesse _ 913 Blakeslee, S. E 90 66 Blanchard, A. D 102 267 Blanchard, Caleb... 99 Besson.John 65 Blanchard,'Freborn P 678 Best, H D ....800 Blanchard, Fred. L. 678 Best, John 96 Best, Michael , Bevins, George Bickel, J. T 96 Biddle, Miss Martha 1)6 Bidett. Tiney 116 Bidwell. Geo. W.... 481 Blanchard, Julia B 902 Blanchard, J. R 319 Blanchard, Samuel 66, 100, 111, 118, 344, 346, 355, 678, Blanchard,S. S Blank, Peter Bidwell, Ira 402 Blass. James, 298 907 ,089 90 Bieber, Nicholas 486 Bigelow, Mrs. Dr 116 391, 477, 496, 724, 803 Blay.stoue, Wm 849 Bigelow. F 96 Blehlmugh, Solomon "si Bigelow, Franklin .. 486 Blin, J _ 818 Bigelow, H. W. Blin & Coy , 480 85,124,782,783 Blinn, Mrs. J. H.. 663 Bigelow, W. H...485, 496 Blinu, L. B 89 Bijur, Martin ..690 Bliss, A. .\ 643 Bill, Earl... 651 Bliss, Geo 402,407 """" ' ■ ,494 Binckley, John Bingham, A. W Bingham, J. J. 76, 77, 438 Bingham & Furey 926 Bliss & Hubbard. . 485 Bliven, C. E., 82, 99, 12:3, 422,436, 483 Bliven, Clara L 694 454, 925 Bliven, E ... 479 Blodgett, E. Clark... 482 Biossat, H. A. girch, Enos 882 Blodgett" J.' M"".r.'.85,'86 Birchall, James 96 Birchard, Sardis, .342, 407 Birehfleld, .lohn 877 Birchfield, Josiah... 103 Birckhead, P. H Blodgett, Wm. C 688 Blohin, Daniel _ .321 Blondin, I. B 100 Bloomer, J. M....3.58, 389 Blooinfield, E 100, 932 94, :I89, 415, 478, 486, 80* Bloomfield, J. S 98 Bird. Charles .891 Bloomfield, J. T. 361 Bird, James.. 59 Bloomfield, Robert 98 Bird, Peter 882 Bloomfield, Thos.97, 360 Bird, Thos 891 Blue, B. T 98 Birkenhauer, Henry .390 Blue. Robert H ' 320 Birney, .lames G .340 Blumberg, J. N .362 Birrell, David. _ Bishop, Aniasa 693 Blvstone, Peter .. 849 Boalt, C. L 407 10.3, 313.676, 905, 906, 907 Boalt, John U...'..'.'. 474 Bishop, Amelia 11 Bishop, C. D 386 Bishop, F 486 Bishop, Geo. A.. 107, 485 Bishop, Mary 11 Boardman, C. P. 100, 107 Boardman, Geo. E... 361 Bodettc, Clemente .. 668 Bodette, G. H ,390 Bodley, Richard. Bishop, R. M.... 12, .359 Bodlc'v, T. J. .29, 485, 772 Bishop, Thomas 897 Bodley, Wm. 86 Bishop, W. H 724 Bodman, E, C. Bissell, X. F. 97, 482, 486 98, 224, 476 495 Bissell, Daniel 693 Bissell, Edward 82, 100, .327, 3.34, 366, Bodman. L. H 224 Bodman, Mrs. L. H._ 831 , Bodman, S. D... 475 37.3,400,401,413,460,667, Bolt, Rev. Father " 112 772, 808, 809, 810 Boggis, J. H .. 161, 349 Bissell, Ed. Jr.. 482, 4S3 Bohan, John... 321 Bissell, Miss E. R.. 116 Bohanon, Frank . 484 99 504 107 101 504 Boice, Asa, Bissell, Fred, 326, 346, 400, 471, 475, Boice, Fred. E 481, 495, 683, 808 Boice, H. J . Bissell, H. T. Boice, John P 94, 103, 255. .348, 483 Boice, John R Bissell, Mrs. Jerusha 693 Boice, Reed V, Bissell, Leverett """ ""^ — 3.85, 402, 405, 810 123, 348, .350, 496,503,782, 787 Bi.ssell, Sidney... 98, .326 Boi re. Warren 504 Bis.sell, Mrs. Sarah .S. Boillatt, John J 103 731, 772 Bissell, Theo. 667, 079, 81 1 Bissell vt Gardner... Boillatt, Isaac 103 Bolivar, Thomas 66 BoUes, Henry C 485 Bitter, John W 102 Bolles, Thomas .... 99 Bivens, E 85,97,360 Bolles, William 496,758 Black, A. Bolles, Mrs. Wm. 116 99, 810, 848, 849, 923 Bolles, Wm, W . 90, 100 Black, Geo — 314 Bollmer, Peter 101 Black, John 847 Bomgardner Peter. .849 Black, L. W.. 917 Bond, John R. Black, L. & Co 917 Blackman, W. D 813 82, 345,481, 688,809,815, 816, 837 INDIVIDUAL INDEX. 037 Bond.C. W 724,797 Bond, Miss Ida M 223 Bond, .Tolm W... 224, 388 Bond, Oliver S. 47-5, 485, 496, 497, 690, 734, 831 Boud.W.M 78t Bonnell, Samuel 64 Boody, Azariah.-475, 819 Bookwalter, J. W 361 Boos, G. W 390 Boos, JIatthias-85,322.476 Boos, W. H....9, 100, 338 Booth, James 99 Booth, J. H.. 481, 818,856 Border, A 91,99,104 Borland, Charles.-- 844 Bortine, B. L — 66 Bostwick, Alfred, 347, 366, 386 Bostwick, Manly, 315, 385, 481 Bost-n-ick, M... 385 Bostwick, O. A. ...96, 767 Box, Jacob — 102 Bourne, J. D 115, 733 Bouroir. Fred 65,66 Bouton, MissE. S... 227 Bowen, Eman 307 Bowen, C. E 845 Bowen, G. W 356 Bowen, Ozias - — 321, 669 Bower, Ct. M 55 Bowsers, J. W 98 Bowers, Salter 482 Bowes, R. U 475 Bowes, K. V 96 Bowland, A 102 Bowman, Alex 330 Bowman, Baxter, 300, 303, 313, 319, 480,668 Bowman, Justice H. 477 Bovce, II 99 Boyd, James A. 85, 94, 107, 483, 486, 640, 6.50 Boyd, H. A ..475,486, 786 Boyd, P.N 101 Boyer, H 102,894 Boyd &Co 649 Bover, John 107 Boyer, Philip 11" Bovinffton & Gannett ^ 924, 925 Boynton, A. W .321 Boynton, B.H 735 Brace, Wilber 104 Bradbury, T. U. 342, 343, 402, 408 Bradley, C.F 917 Bradley, Col. E. D. 75, 76, 88 Bradford, H. S....385 915 Bradlev, Levi W .... 893 Bradley, S. R 384 Bradley, S. W 102 Bradish, Calvin 402 Bradshaw, EdwardH 689 Brady, Jt-- 648 Brahier, Jacob .. ... 101 Brailey, M. R 96 Bralnerd, A. P .... 102 Brainerd, C. C -. 113 Bralnerd, N 98 Brainard, Sereno C. 92, 117,345, 366,910, 914 Brainard, W. S.. 089, 773 Braisted, Arthur P.. 649 Braisted, E. E 477 Braisted, Frank. 97, 485, 689 Branch,!). G 463 Brand, Henry, 111,347, 354, 355, ;587,807 Brand* Lenk.. 4.S2 Brand, Rudolph 98 Brandon, C. K 788 Brandt, Fred.. 484 Branhan, Sanford... 64 Branigan, John J... 98 Braun, Alfred 90 Braun, Alice T 693 Braun, C. F ._ 419 Braun, G. A 78,495 Braun, Valentine, 85, 100, 347, 355, 366, 387, 483 Braystone, Wm 849 Breckenridge, H. C. 423 Breed, C. W 89 Breed, G.S 776 Breed, Henry, 350, 363, 356, 360, 475 taue. Breed, Wm.. 360, 476,483 Breick, John 104 Brentauo, L 650 Breshaver, Chas 100 Bressner, Timothy.. 102 Brewer, L. \ — 91 Erevman, John 486 Brewster, C.N 117 Brewster, Lewis E. . . 6.53 Brewster, Wm 98 Brice, Wm 923 Brickman, John 102 Briggs, Alanson 430 Briggs, Chester ..314, 341 Briggs, C. M 328 Briggs, D. L 486 Briggs, Elkanah, 328, 667, 757, 889, 891 Briggs, F- 102 Brigham, Clarissa... 693 Brighara, C. O., 30, 96, 124, 483 Brigham, Mrs. C. O.. 116 Brigham. Mrs. B — 724 Brigham, Fred 648 Brigham, Geo. M..^. 436 Brigham, James M., 90, 342, 349, 918 Brigham, J. H 360 Brigham, Loomls ... 99 Brigham, Mayor, 93, 96, 341, 343, 350, 352 360, 406, 455, 483, 815 Brigham, Mrs. Mayor, 116, 831 Brigham, Mrs. O. S. 665 Brigham, Mrs. E. M. 664 Brigham. Wm. E.... 478 Brimson, W. G 99 Brigham & Morehouse, 909 Bright, Horn 10 Brindley, John 879 Brine, George.. 923 Brimescnmb, Thos.. 102 Briukerhoff, Alex... 90 Brinkerhofif, Chas... 97 Brinkerhoff, R. X... 640 Brint, Daniel 103 Brintnal, C. E., 322, .385, 392, 481 Bristol, Maria 902 Bristol, E. C 454 Britton, O. J --- 860 Broadsword, Eliza- beth 879 Broadsword, Peter. - 880 Brock, .lohn 321 Brock, Wm 905 Brockway, Chas 103 Broer, A -- 390 Broiler, Wm 861 Brogan, Stephen 918 Biogle, C 906 Brandet, J. — 374 Bronson, B. R 90 Bronson, Calvin, 90. 96, 351, 475, 486, 780 Bronson, Mrs. Calvin, 116 Bronson, L^avid 780 Bronson, E. B. 92, 97, 107, 249 Bronson, H. S 101 Bronson, J. P 388 Bronson, Mrs. O, W. 675 Bronson, Mrs. Re- becca - 900 Brooks, C.L 89 Brooks, G. A 813 Brooks, Henry 439 Brooks, .'^amuel -.98, 485 Brophy, Thos. 345,346,366 Brower, Benj 96 Brown, A 89, 103 Brown, .4dam 104 Brown, Allen.... 97, 360 Brown, Amos. 102 Brown, Andrew 475 Brown, Aug. 99, 388, 855 Brown, A. H 102 Brown, B. 3 481 Brown, Calvin 101 Brown, Caroline 855 Brown, Chas 99, 104 Brown, Cornelia T.. 693 Brown, C. S. 263, 389, 478, 7.34 Brown, C. W 880 Brown, David 102 Brown, D. A. 99, 133, 350, 388, 420 Brown, D. 1 357 Brown, Emelia 881 fuuc. Brown, Erastus. 104, 880 Brown, Ezra 348 Brown, E. A II, 82 Brown, E. B. 94, 8a5, 429, 465, 474, 689, 7:« Brown, E. M.... 85, 484 Brown, E.0 733 Brown, Fred. H.. 82, 256 Brown, Geo. B 98 Brown, Mrs. G. B... 8.S1 Brown, Geo. W 360 Brown, Henry 100, 345,354 Brown, Hiram 98, 8.54, 8.55, 8.56 Brown, H. H 881 Brown, H. G. 100, 476, 447, 820 Brown, Jacob 856 Brown, Mrs. Jacob.. 84.S Brown, James 905 Brown, John. ...122, 862 Brown, Jona 90 Brown, Julia 855 Brown, J, Court 477 Brown, J 85 Brown, J. H.lOO, 882, 925 Brown, J. L 102 Brown, J. JI.368, 734, 803 Brown, J. R 816 Brown, J. W. 82, 85, 96, 3M, 352, 671, 837 Brown, Miss Kate... 915 Brown, Matthew 85, 96, 100, 272, 349, 353, 450, 474, 485, 495, 832 Brown, Mrs. Matthew 119 Brown, Moses T. 85, 88, 89, 90, 94, 97, 810 Brown, Orlando. 320, 905 Brown, Oscar... IM, 880 Brown, O. M 256 Brown, O. S 101 Brown, Peter.- 321 Brown, R 90 Brown, R. A 100 Brown, R. N 420 Brown, R W 100 Brown, Sara 407, 420 Brown, Miss Sarah.. 116 Brown, Sebastian... 104 Brown, Stillman 100,358,361,387, 690,820 Brown, Sylvester, 99, 111, 698, 855, 905 Brown, S. B 100 Brown, S. D 475 Brown, S. R 90, 99 Brown, Theodore J. 86, 486, 649, 771 Brown, T. P. 101,357,421,423,486,639 Brown, Thos 98 Brown, Wm. 104, 870 Brown, W. F 98 Brown, W. G.... 96, 107 Brown, W. O. 355, 475, 483 Brown, W. 0., Jr. 641,649 Brown & Griffith.... 450 Brown & King.. -471, 475 Browne, C. E 163 Browne, Chas. F .... 642 Browne, Ed. F 477 Browne, James.. 813, 904 Browne, James Irving, 313, 637, 668 Browning, Jesse 338 Browning, S.P 99 Brownlee, X. B. 97, 321, 386, 684 Brownlee.John 85,465,931) Brownlee, Pendleton &Co 482 Bruen, Daniel B 916 Bruin, Austin H 97 Bruksieker, Fred 358 Bruksieker, Henry .. 107 Brumbach, O. S..363, 422 Bryan, John A 310 Bryan, Wm 895 Buck, Chauncy H. 100, 486, 771 Buck, Mrs. C. H 72:S Buck, E., Jr 104 Buck, E. S 104 Buck,0. E 100 Buck. Lucretia 651 Buck, Martin 100 Buck, Plvmpton 96 Buck, Mrs.Plympton 119 Buckingham, Henry 60 Buckingham, P. ('acher, Lewis 102 480 Cadwoll, Aaron 891 Bunch, Charles 856 Caldwell, S. B 15H Buade, George 96 Calhoun, M. B 8:W Bunde, P 96 Call, John 892 Bundy, P 474 Callard. J. W 785 Bunert, A 100,107,359,486 Callanl, N. H 485 Bunting, Eli 867 Calligan, James 180 Bunting, Marmaduke 314, 321, 923 Calvert, W. Cameron, C E Burbank, J. G loO Canlield, Clement... 923 Burbower, B 768 Camp, John O.. 411,403 Burch, N 906 Camp, s. U 261, 3.S8 Biirchard, E. S 102 Camp, Mrs. .s. 11 »32 Burckle, E. R 475 Campbell, Daniel 913, 914 Burdick, Leander. Campbell, David 643, 045 85,100,391,475,496,7.33, Campbell, David* 780,782 Sons 641 Burdo, John. 319, 310, 878 Campbell, John B. .. 69 Burdo, Peter — 9'23 Campbell, .Fohn I). Burge, Wm 101 89, 94, 408, 841, 680 Burger, Rev. D. J ... 693 Campbell, J. 11. Burger, Libbie T. 693 353, .360, 48t, 486 Burgess, W. D 100 Campbell, H. V 66 Burgess, David 401 Cjimpbell, Mrs. I.. A. 722 Burgess, Ebenezer. .. 897 Campbell, S. B. 82, 98, .813 Burgert, Adam, Canlield, Albert 917 96, 361,475, 485 Canlield, A. B 100 Burgert, David 686 CanHeld, Geo. S 641 Burkhart, J. G.... .. 101 Cannes', G. ;!89 '" Canneff, J. W. 99,484,486 " " ..90 .. 90 B\irnet. Jacob 67,370 Burnett, John F. C. 914 Cannon, D. S Burnett, Marcus 340 Canuan, J. S— , Burnham, Joel 914 Carabin, Rev. P Btirnham, Miss Lou- Card, B. F isa F 932 Card, Frank T 97 Burnham, Mrs M. E. 484 Card, Geo. D (B-l Burnham, Sarah H.. 694 Card, Geo. W .. 411,933 Burns, John 100 Card, I'latt Burns, Wm 34 97, 314, 331, 374, 482, Burr. H 89, 100 682, 694, 905, 93.3, 934 Burr, HenrvG....97, 123 Card, Thos.. 8'), 100,482 Burr, Jona". 407 Card & Bennett 480 Burritt, Harvev 544 Card & Chase 480 Burritt, Wm 101 Card, Piatt & Co 905 Burroughs, Geo.44,94, 420 Cardif, John 485 Burt, Theo 103 Carey, S. F 863 Burtiss, B. M 328 Carey, Pat 94, 480 Burtis, John 440 Carew, Wm 817 Burton, Chas. E 104 Carhart, H. C 90 Burton, Marshal, 224, 475, 485 Burton. Mrs. Marshal 094 Carl, Wm H 98 (-"arlin, James 657, M7, 880 Burts, John «79 Carlin, Parlee 831 Burts, Mrs. John 879 Burwick, Wm S6, 98, 107 Busby, W. H 6:18 Carlin, Squire 657 Carlisle, Thos 90 Carman, Eli 101 Bush, B. H..3t6, 902, 905 Carney, Jlichael. 1(M, 841 Bush, Miss Clara 119 Carpenter, Clement. 934 Bush, Jonathan. Bush, G, K. Bu.sh, Mrs. (- 905 Carpenter, it. A. 101 116 85, 99, :H9, 471, 475, 481, 482, 694 Bush, L. J 483, 689 Carpenter, II. A 401 Bush, Nelson *«). »**. 929 - 103 Cooke, Eleutheros, - IM „ .3.34,463 Cooke, Henry D 651 Cook, Henry T. 98", 10-2, 360, 486 Cooke, JabezM ,%6 Cook, James D 690 96 Collins, W. A S9, 100, 3.57, .389, 484 Collins & Brown 482 Collins, J. W. & Co.. 906 Collier, Geo. W 484 Colliuson, Miss .1. M., 893 Colton, Abram W., 96. 113, 226, 475, 690 Coltoc. Miss Anna.. 115 Colton, Carlos, 86, 89, 96, 475, 835 Colton, Mrs. Carlos.. 663 Colton, Hamilton C, 89, 90, 483 Colton, Mrs. Hamil- ton 663 Colton, Isaac C. 402, 403 Colton. T. B.. Colton, Walter ,331 385, 69.3, 807' Cooke, S. W... .390 Cooke, T. M..92, 388, 422 Cook, T. E.... oqn Cooke, W.G V" 98 Cook, W. L .544 Cooke, W. J.. "" 734 Cook, W. W .■ 3(io Cook, Zurial, Jr.. 892 Cooley. Thus. JI .344' 345 Coon, Fayette II ' 104 Coon, J. J _ 4-8 Coon, Pro.sser " 104 Coon, Wm. M 98,435 Cooney, M.J 97,390 Cooper, Henrv A. - „„ „ 320, 323, 914 ...315 Cooper, Amos 9)4 663 Cooper. Gardiner 891 ^ ^ . 848,849 Coffin, A. B 353 Coffin, Benj, D., 319, 321, 331, 925 Coffin, Chas. H lOr Coffinbury, .-Vndrew 320, 365, 736 Coffinbury, J. M., 315, .338, 368, 481 Coffman,J. C 797 Coghlin, Dennis, 85, 95, 344, 349, 483, 813 Coghlin, Joseph.. 85, C94 Coghlin & Brooks.— 485 Colt, George ;.. 933 Colbnrn, -i. T 768 Colburn, George 819 Colburn, Jorathmel. 316 Colburn, Warren, 93, 99, 3.54, 387, 420, 476 Colburn, Mrs. W 831 Colby, Moses 810 Colby, Mrs. Moses... 483 Coldham, James, 99, 102, 482, 486 Cole, A. H., 864, 866, 870, 872, 89] Cole, D 331, 366 Cole, P. E 390 Cole, F. J., 85. 108, 120, 389, 476 Cole, F. S 85 Cole, G. H 390, 391 Colo, Hugh 102 Cole, James 98, 102, 350, 483, 483 Cole, Harry .._ 360 Cole, Mrs. Julia 731 Cole, J. E 97 Cole, O. H. 96 Cole, Wm 94 Cole, W. L 90 Cole, Wm. E 350, 864 Coleman, .Austin... 678 Coleman, Samuel... 870 CoUamore, Geo. A. 92, 356, 366, 386 CoUamore, Miss Nel- lie 116 Collier, Geo. W 261 Colligan, Michael... 317 Collins, Miss Agnes. 901 Collins, Dan. A. 96, 109, 388, 389 Collins, Mrs. E 261 Collins, Mrs. E. R. 731, 733 Collins, Frank.. 388, 683 Combs, Leslie 61,65 Cooper, Isaac _ 882 Comly, GuyS 040 Cooper, J. B " "" 102 Comly, James M 640 Cooper, Kenyan 21 Commager, D. H., Cooper, L """ ini 357, 361, .367, 477 Cooper, NathauieY" " I07 Commager, H. S., Ckioper, Peter _ atis 85, 315, 342, 344, 350, 353 Cooper, Remington" 891 ,,484 Cooper, T. 101 Commager, Mrs. Henrv Cooper, Wm sqa 328, 891, 892 Cooper, Wm.'-"H 477 926 Copland, H,... 475 Comparet, Francis.. 925 Copeland, Mrs HaV- Comstock, A. J.. 399, 400 riet Comstock, Beebe, Comslock, B. B 102 Comstock, Calvin, 819. 323, 331, 374, 384, 386 Comstock,Darius 399, 400 Comstock, D. O 399 Comstock, E 102 Comstock, H. A., 326, 892 CoreK Joseph Comstock, H. W., 100, 476 Corlett, Ann..'." 685 Comstock, J. M , -. , - . > 100,354, 387,471, 496,683 gomstock, R. H 480 omstock, S. B., 315. 326, 385, 392. 400 478, 811 Comstock, Theo 416 Comstock & Erwin .. 480 Conant, Edwin H44 Conant, Horatio, 101, 319 321, 365, 367, 463, 660, 664, ,S52, 926, 928, 930 Conant, J. Edwin ... 416 Conant. P. C 99 Conant, Sallie Lee Cone, Calvin, _ ^ yon Copland, John..."" 97 Copeland, Wm . 77 Corbusier, J. A. 96, 475, 485 Corey, Abel M 354 Corey, Mrs. A. M 722 Corey, John B _ 893 •20 Corlett, John 483 Corlett, Thos 98 319 Corlett, Wm...S6, 88," 263 Corneau, Peter 905 Cornell, .\lon20 97 Cornell, A. B 432 Cornell, Ezra 432 Cornell, Moses 9.34 Cornell. Sylvester 330,331 Corning, .Solon 934 Cornwell. Elizabeth. 934 Cornwell, .John P... 102 Corser, Edward 320 Corson, Mrs. G. W.. 879 . 844 Corwin, H. .S 803 ^ 99, 107, 389," 689. 733, 829 S^iS,' 'S^^l- ''' ^ Cone, E. 118 Cory, EInathan.....' 843 Cone, Erastus 905 Cory, John B. . .320, 891 Cone, Noah A in Cosgrove, H. T 891 Cone N. H. 107 Cosgrove, Thomas!; 893 Conkhu, J. R S13 Costello John 440,442 Conkling, .1. S 342 Conlisk, David 176 Conlisk, Maurice 350 Conlisk, Patrick... 121 Connelly, Ed. ..120, 349 Connelly, Felix 388 Conovan, H.J... 99 Courod, T. P. Coter, Conrad . 923 Cottrell, Jared 3.38 Cottrell, Gorham 3.34 Couch, Samuel 928 Coughlin, Chas. 98, 641, 6.50 Coulson, D. J 98 Counter, Wm 104 Consaul, John,315,855,856 Courser, Edward "323 Consaul, Lewis 100 Coursin, Francis 104 Consaul, Wm.393,83C,8.56 Courson. George " 905 Comsaul, W. M lOO Covert, D 118 Consaul, Wm. W.... 688 CoweU, Moses. 905 Consign, A. C_ 66 Cowell, Wm. W ' 895 Converse, James W. Cowles, Alvin " 407 320.321,923,925 Cowles, Edwin '650 Converse, John P.... 664 Cowles, Prof. Henry 408 Converse, J. \\' 321 Converse, W. A. C. 88, 89, 135, 689 Conway, John A 96 Conway, P 391 Cowlett, James '. 92 Cowling, Eliza Ann. 881 Cowling, Mrs. John. 880 Cowling, Matthew.. 917 Cox, J. D 358 INDIVIDUAL INDEX. 0.".".) Page. Coy, Chnrles :00 Gov, C. H. M, 1116, 317, 346, 475,496 Co vie, James lOr, 35S, 366, 367 Coyle, Thos 391 Cozzens, Horatio .- 3S5 Cozzens, II. G. 82,337, 385 Crabb, Gershom 118, 321, 905, 907 Crabb, Kev. J -. 134 Crabb, Perry, 97, 475, 477 Cram, Col T.J 169 Crampton, T 100 Crane, A. W 855 Crane, Calvin.. 387, 403 Crane, Chas. A. 94, lUO, 110, 118, 342, 349, 350, 351, 353, 356, 366, 385, 686, 855 Crane, David 34-3, 385, 814, 8.33 Crane, E. G 96, 689 Crane, Gabriel 99, 315, 854, 856 Crane, Mrs. Gabriel. 855 Crane, Geo. 399, 400, 402, 403 Crandall, Geo. M.-.. 101 Crane, Mrs. G. R. 116, 387 Crane, Harmon 321,393, 8.36, 855 Crane, Harrison 807 Crane, H. J- 86, 99, 855 Crane, Mrs. Jeruslia. 682 Crane, Lydia Jane.. 693 Crane, Thos. K 100 Crane, W, F 803 Crane. Wm 102, 905 Crandall, W.R 102 Crauker, Peter 905 Cranker, W. H 484 Cratz, Henry 478 Cratz.W. E 478 Cravens, Chas 359, 731 Craven, James, 101, 914, 917 Cravens, Mrs M. J.. 731 Crawford, A. B,64, 66, 67 Crawford, C 97 Crawford, G W. .331,850 Crawford, Wm 90, 91 Cree.H.H 90,91,484 Creed, 3.& Co 925 Crego, Chauncey 81 Crennan, J. D. 85, 97, 120, 484 Cressev. Caleb 104 Oressy, Miss Ellen... 879 Cressey, Josiah..l03, 878 Cressev, Osgood 103 Cressey, S. VV,... 103, 107 I'rim, L. S... 360 Crittenden, Augusta 86" Crittenden, Newton E 934 Crofts, James 101 Croghan, Geo 6, 54, 58 Cromaek, J. C 360 Cromwell, A. N 346 Cromwell, Thos. J... 328 Croninger, C. A 479 Cronenberg, John M 436 Cronise, Henry 341 Crosby, Alonzo, 103, 882, 918 Crosby, Carlton 862 Crosbv, Daniel 103 Crosby, David 862 Crosby, Darwin 8B2 Crosby, D. C 107 Crosby, D. S 1«3 Crosby, F 1«3 Crosby, G. P 85 Crosby, Lewis ...103, 862 Crosby, O..-. 103, 910, 914 Crosby, V. E 103, 862 Crosby, Wm 103 Crosby, Wm. P 477 Cross, Charlotte 693 Cross, Hannah 914 Cross. Ralph A 486 Crossett, H. L 849 Crossett, M. L 101 Grossman, C. S 96 Crossman, Mrs. C. S. 116 Crowe, John 786 Crowell, Freeman W 924 Crowell , Tuman W . . 932 Crowell, T. W 76 Crowell, Wm 86 Cruger. W. E 71 Cuddeback, Seth 476 Page. Cuddy, Wm 660 Cullison, W. W..362, 367 CuUmore, .\nnaM.. 875 Culver, C.J -.. 99 Culver, C. P 482 Cummer, E. L - 98 Cummings, G. W 485 Cumnaings. John, 85, 96. 224, 360, 390, 475 477, 787, 803, 837, 887 Cummings, J. D 844 Cummings, J. W., 81, 353, .36a, 367, 388 C'ummings, Robert, 30, 85, 96, 349, 351, 355 366, 391,475,484,689,724 Cummings, Mrs. Kobt 832 Cummings, Wm., 357, 366, 425, 477, 833 Cunningham, James 96 C'unningham. J.as. 2d 96 Cunningham, Jas. J. 484 Cunningham, John. 97 Cunningham, Pat... 98 Cunningham, Wni-- lOO Cuueo, Petro 043 Curtis, Alva 64, 66 Curtis, C. F., 360, 389, 416, 476,491), 773 Curtis, Chas. P 99 Curtis, Daniel B 892 Curtis, E. A 477 Curtis, George 883 Curtis, Herman 882 Curtiss, H.J. ,340, 719, 913 Curtis, H. M 98 Curtis, J. C 360 Curtis, J. F 98 Curtiss. L. G 643 Curtis, S.D 98 Curtis, S. L.... .3.59 Curtis, S. S.. 486 Curtis, S T 358 Curtis, Theo. J 89, 90 Curtis, Watkins &. Co 471 Gushing, L.. 100 Custer, Geo. A 65, 66 Cuthbert, N. M 932 Cutter, Orlando 452 Cutway, Wm 96 DAGGETT, Smith 321 Daiber, John 689, 903 Daily, W. S... 391 Dakin, W. 784 Dale, Thos 350 Daly, Wm.8 786 Daniels, Miss E. B... 735 Daniels, Harriet W. 373, 693 Daniels, M. H. 303, 319, 366, 368, 384, 392, 393, 807 Daniels, B. C. 85, 344, 366, 476, 481 Daniels, Thomas, 482, 485, 676, 881 Daniels, Mrs. Thos.. 831 Daniels, W. C 689 Daniels, W. J. 316, 3.85, 408,807, 808 Daniels, Wm. P. 314, 326, 331,366,367, 402, 404, 757, 807 Daniels & Goettell.. 480 Daniels, W. J. & Co. 371 Danielsou.G. F 787 Danzey, John 389 Darian, Eli... 360 Darke Geo. A 643 Darling, Cyrus 427 Darling, Henry 637 Darling, Mrs. .Susan. 484 Darlington, J 810 Darlington, T 810 Darlington, T. & S.. 374 Darst. Lillie 64i Dart, Ashbel 374 Darti .Mott 3J4 Darlon, George 866 Davis Brothers 768 Davis, Cvrus 842 Davis, David 360 Davis, Frances 693 Davis, G. W. 360, 388, 391, 495, 476, 831 Davis, Hiram 315, .844 Davis, H. M 66 Davis, H. W 64, 66 Davis, J. Baron, 322, 384, 668, 818 Davis, J. C 861,389 Page. Davis, J. H -.. 785 Davis, John S 782 Davis, Lemuel H 781 Davis, R. H 917 Davis, Samuel 914 Davis, Thos. B.... 66, 735 Davis, T. D 308 Davis, V. B 66 Davis, Wm. B _ 64 Davis, Wilson 849 Dawson, Alex 811 Dawson, George 336 Day. D: W. H 415 Day, Edward P 648 Day, Elam 814 Day, JohnF 924 Day, Mahlon 402 Day, M. W... .89, 486,496 Day, Richard 360 Dayor, W 66 Deal, David 64 Dealls, David 923 Dean, James.877, 878, 879 Dean, Oliver 689 Dean, T. B 76 Debolt, Joseph 878 De Bolt, Michael.... 878 Deck, A 882 Decker, Charles 849 De Chovin, Jean 65 De Forest, H 481 Degnan, P. H 1 390 De Groff, Wm 323 Deidrick, John 486 DeLand, Hall.. . 65, 66 Delaney, Joseph 317 Delano, Columbus .. 15 Demmon, Henry 403 De Mott, C. W 876 De Mott, Ellison 875, 877, 878 De Mott, Samuel 321, 878 De Mott, Wm 320 Demuth, Asher 910 Demuth, W. J -. 917 Denman, R. C. .322,836,934 Dennett, Chas. R. 317, 352, 483, 641 Dennis, Chas 353 Dennis, C. C 419 Dennis, John A 477 Dennison, Geo F. 85, 485 Denuison, Wm... 11, 15 DePew, John 938 De Rivera, J 32 Dermot, Allison 319 Deshler, D W 844 Detwiler, I. H 476 Deveau, Jas. 85, 689, 758, 781 Devoe, H. W.... 477, 478 Dewese, Samuel 64 Dewey, D. C -- 85 Dewey, Fitch .360 Dewey, Mrs. Fitch.. 888 DeWitt, J. L 362 Dewey, Louis 350 Dewey, Wm. D 430 Dewey, Wm. F. 316, 366, 342, 844, 430, 890, 891, 892, 893 Dewey & Green 891 DeWolf, Daniel F. 360,636 DeWolf, Mrs. D. F.. 722 DeWolf, L. C- 496 Dezendorf, J. D 689 Dicks, Wm. B 465 Dicks, Wm. B., Jr... 476 Dickinson, F. H 882 Dickinson, Miss M.C. 831 Dickson, C. P 83 Dietrich, Robt 349 Dilgart, Henry 319, 866, 878 Dilgart, Mrs. H 866 Dillon, John 360 Dills, Adam 914 Diuius, George 850 Dinius, Wm 850 Divine, Daniel 87S Divine, John... 337, 877 Divine, Joseph 877 Divine, Samuel 340, 366, 844, 877, 878,892 Divine, Sally 878 Divine, Selali 320, 677, 878 Dixon, G. S. 907 Doane, David C 445 Doane, L. W., 351,366,484, 485 Dobbins, Mason 320 Dobbins, Thos., 315, 878 Dudd, Alfred Guy... 693 Page. Dodd, Clarence 916 Dodd, Elijah, 94. 101, 343, 347, 350, 366 914, 91C Dodd, E. B., 77, 337, 391, 818 Dodd, E. S., 77, 83, 224, 322, 338, !M1 .359, 365, 385, 401, 668, 690 Dodd, Fanny J 916 Dodd, H.H.. 474, 482, 68S Dodd, H. W 86 Dodd, John.. 1111 Dodd, Sanuiel 91<) Dodd, Wm 77, 89, 358 Dodd, W. S 484, 770 Dodson, Geo. W 21 Dodge, Chas., 99, 106, 344, 360, 362, 484 689, 720 Dodge, Fred. B., 88. 112, 388, -178, 049, 788 Dodge, Luther, 314, 338, 881 Dodge, S 297 Doeble, Louis 486 Doerfler, John 8;il Dolbear, A. E 437 Dolbv, Robert 905 Dolp'h, 102 Dolph, Geo. P 102 Doncyson, C 90 Donelson, Park S ... 585 Donolson, Mrs. P. S- 722 Donovan, Daniel 893 Dooley, A. G...85, 89, 96 Dooley, Albert S.... 689 Dooley, A. G.&B. H. 485 Dooley, Greenfield.. 99 Dooley, M...107, 387, 475 Doolittle, A. H 313 Doolittle, C. C. 90, 91, 226, 496 Doolittle, David 313 Doolittle, James J. . . 97 Doolittle, Mrs. J. C. 484 Doolittle, Richard .. 98 Doren, Isaac 879 Doren, John 102, 879 Doren, Thomas 879 Dorsey . Joseph 99 Dorfer, Joan 484 Dority, James, 99, 107, 387, 423, 485 Dormer, Lewis 98 Dorr, CM., 29, 82, 110, 156, 208, 315 387, 642, 809 Dorr, Mrs. C. M 809 Doster, John — 98 Doty, Almeda - 893 Dotv, L 389 Dougherty, John 107 Douglass, George 906 Douglas, Horace 484 Douglas, Richard... 3:34 Douglas, S. A 348 Douglass & Jennings 480 Dowling, Patrick,358, 366 Dowling, P. H. 90,224,346,425,477,802, 812 Down, Samuel 916 Downer, H. C 103 Downs. J. J 97 Dowrin.Wm 913 Doyle. John H. 86, 98, 121, 363, 359, 861, 497, 803 Doyle, Lawrence 694 Doyle, M. B..100, 121, 860 Dovle& Dickey 447 Drake, Daniel 14 Drake, Hiram 878 Draper, E. D 477, 478 Draper, James 68 Draper, Luke, 319, 322, 360, 392,893,668, 682 Draper, M. K 689 Dresser, C. .V 391 Driggs, S. W 642 Driver. Henry.. ..842, 847 Droessler,Jo5eph 905 Drown, John 358 Drum, L. C 64 Drummond, A. U... 340 Drummond, Jared.. 924 Drummond, C. M... 878 Driimmond, John N. 476, 831 Dudley, Lymnu 826, »10,;913 Page. Duell, Silas J 867 Duden, O. A 3!K) Dunbar, Wm 643 Duncan, Isaac 102 Dunham, I). B 486 Dunham, Wm. E. .. 77 Diinlnp, lU)bert 917 Dunlap, Thos. 85, 97, 106, 314, .^2, 849, 365, 402, 477, 481, 688, 781, 735 Dunn.G. C 483 Dunn, H i'lO Dunn, Thomas 879 Dunner, Thomas 103 Dunn, Willt 97 Dunning, Erasmus D iWl Dunning, Goo. F 96 Duruiing, Mrs. G. F. 116 Dnpimt, J 102 Dupont. John B 102 Durbin, E. A 99 Dnrbin, Wm 413 Durell, Wm KIO Durfee, Elijah 892 Dnrfev Daniel 891 Dnrgiii. Daniel 3.38 Durgiu, Samnel ;J40 DnrTan, C. A 391 Durkee, Sebastian.. 104 Durlett, A.F !K15 Duscnijury, Joseph. 337 Dusha. Augustus... 102 Dushalter, John.... 906 Dnsseau, I.ewis '.M! Dustin,Selah 439 Dustin, W. H 96 Duston, K. S 486 Dutchcr, R. B 862 Dwight, .\ngustus.. 924 Dwight, Mi.ss A 4,67 Dwight, Chauncey.- 457 Dwight, J 77 Dwight, Justus 315 Dyar, Ferris W 650 Dyer, Eseck.— 914 Dyer, E. M 102, 918 Dyer, E. B 102, 913 Dyer, Nathaniel 648 Dyer, Stephen.. 107. 914 Dyer, Wm. H. 9b, 107, 388, 476 Dygert, K. S 82, 112 EAGER, Wm. U.. Eagle, Harry.. Eagle, Heury S Eagley, Jacob Earl, John H - Earl, S Earl, Wra Earl, Mrs. Wra Earl, Wm. C. 85, 94, 99, 106, 348 (HI, 731, Eastman, Gviy Eastman, G. C . Eastwood, Asa Eastwood, Ellen — Eastwood, John Eastwood, Lewis, 101, 910, Eiistwood, Lina... . Eastwood, Sarah Eaton, Miss Carrie.. Eaton, E. 11 Eaton, E. P Eaton, Fred. 100, 112, 476. 76.'', 782 Eaton, Mrs. Fred... Eaton, James A 86 Eaton, John, 111, 123, 161, 162, 4.s:) Eberly, Jacob Eccles, Charles Eceles, John Eek, J. S - — Eck, Mrs. L. F Ei'kert, J. W Eddelnuiii, Aaron... Eddy, Azariah & Co. Eddy, Chas. 11. 98, 356, 724, Eddy, Henry W Eddy, Jacob Eddy. N. W... 86,90, Eddy, Samuel, 315, 326, 384, Edgar, Mark Edgerton, A. P. :i43, 344. 346, 402,492, I'Ulison, Thos Edisun, Thomas A.. 770 471 482 IM 913 97 932 932 638, 832 914 913 910 910 910 914 910 910 117 102 107 ;,787 116 ., 99 ,1.42 912 882 8.sa 809 723 861 66 482 812 649 U24 485 480 99 670 15 437 940 INDIVIDUAL INDEX. Ewing, Mrs. M. P.. .832 Ewing, Samuel, 370, 663, 847, 928 Ewing, Thos.. 15, 334, 356 Ewing, Wm_859, 660, 847 Ewing, Wm. A 123 „ , Page. Edmunds, John L . 934 Edsil, D. V 96, 934 Edwards, E. R 390 Edwards. Paul.. 85, 87,88 Eells, C. B 85, 98 Eells, C. B. & Co 482 Eells, C. V 771 Eggert. Chas 98 Eggleston, Almon... 446 Eggleston, Hiram... 100 Eggleston, N. A 389 Bggleston.iPhilander 480 Eggleston, W. A 496 Egnew, James, 104, 320, 338, 841, 87S, 880, 881 Elder, James 321 Elder, J. B 650 Eldred, Alfred 315 Eldridge, Alfred J. 344, 350, 366, 913 Eldridge, John E. 86, 89, 479 Eley, Asaph 104 lleT^'M"""" ^Z Fairchild,' Benjamin KlI 1 - ■ ""' FAHNESTOCK, A. A. 22, 99 Fahnestoek, J. J 99 Fahuestock, J. N 689 Fahnestoek, M. A... 96 Fahnestoek, Richard „C 694 Fahnestoek, E. E 486 Fair, J. A 860 Fair, Lydia 860 Fairbanks, A. W 331, .342. 386, 638, 641, 643. 650, 688. 792 Fairbanks & Millard 480 Fairchild, Alonzti 104, 870, 873 Fairchild, Mrs. A_ 723 21 100 650 99 90 90 John 103 Elliott, Andrew 102 Elliott, C 90 Elliott, D. E 322 Elliott, Francis 893 Elliott, Isaac B. . 104 Elliott, J 103 Elliott, John... 924 Elliott, S 917 Elliott. Wm 103 Ellis, Almond 892 Ellis, Foster 100 Ellis, J. W 476 Ellis, Towusend 314, 898 Ellison, T. H 85, 86 Elserman, Peter .. 98 Ely, Delia 867 Ely, H. B 434 Ely, Henry C. 104, 111,366 Emerson, Geo. 391, 476,758, 761,810,831 Emerson, Geo. W 103 Emery, J. H. 358, 367 Emery, Jno 313, 334 Emmick, Vincent J. 653 Emyel, Geo 368 Enders, Alf 99 Enderton, John 96 Englehardt, E.. 389, 649 Englehardt, W. W.. 101 English, Joseph 326 Enright, M. J. 356, 365, 789, 802 Ensign, F. A loi Ensign, H. \. — 98, 116 Ensign, John 0.... 913 Ensign, W. 348 En tew, Francis ... 102 Ephart, C 830 Erwin, J. W 734 ■Este, Geo. P., S5, 86, 94, 124, 305,348, 352, 484, 819 Estell, Richard 101 Estell, Experience .. 694 Estile.TJ 482 Espy, H 85 Espy, Jno. C. _ 341 Bssing, W. F 99 Esterly, M. J 882 Esty, H. P 870, 891, 892 Fairchild, E 882 Fairchild, Jefferson. 104 Fairchild, Leonard 891 Falk, Jacob 877 Fallcy, Frederick.. 661 Fallis, E. 810 Fallis, Henry D... 648 Fancher, Jacoh 315, 345, 353, 914 Fargo, Charles.. 8'^ Farley, Benj.... lis", 821 Farley, D. H 104 Farley, Geo. E 86 Farley, Geo. F.. 86 Farley, James ^ , 104,864,867,891 Farley, John 101, 724, 782, 788, 867 Farmer, D. P 328 Farmer, J. E 849 Farmer, Wm " 481 Farnham,J. B 98 Farnham, Isaac 102 Earner, E. R... 104 Earns, Harrison 104 Farnsworth, Benj 928 Farnsworth, Ida..'.. 916 Farnsworth, John P. 102 Farnsworth, Harriet 914 Farnsworth, Ralph 320, 912, 913 Farnsworth, W. G 916 Farrel, J , 357 Farrington, J.. io7, 108 Faskiu, John 360 Faskin, Peter 97, 689 Fassett, Elias 687, 689, 854 Fas3ett,E.H..342,392,393 Fassett, Elias S... 100 Fassett, M. R . '98 Faulkner, C. R.. 101 Fa.xon, W. R.. up Fearing, Paul... . '" 9 Feilbach. C... 830 Fella, John B... "" 98 Fellowes, Isaac. 474 Fellows, J. W.... '"668 Felt, James M 878 Feno, Francis M 9,34 Ferguson, C. W. 357' 363 pt^'- , -C ■*'■"' Ferguson, George ' 90'" ^«,"%^°^^P''- >f!" E^'--™. Charles.!!::: m^ Ettln.'F. D 97 Euranius, Chas :: 258 Evans, Alvin, 313, 320, 660, 904, 905 Evans, Charles. ..904, 905 Evans, E. T 457 Evans, Frank 8.50 Evans, Fred. T 914 Evans, F. Y 354 Evans, George W 912 Evans, James 867 Evans, R. L 48'5, 689 Everett, C. VV....261, 388 Evers, C. W 357 Eversman, E. A..389, 766 Everts, T. C, 341, 343, 385, 689, 811 Evison, Wm 102 Evrard. Chas... " 484 Ewalt, Jos 66 Ewing, A. H. 328, 374, 680 Ewing, A. H , Jr 97 Ewing, Anthony 847 Ewing, Ephraim 928 Ewing, Martin B .. 123 Ferris,' J. m:::::::::' 417 Fey, George m 391 Fey, 1 1 rich 9s Fick, John " ino Field. A. J. "" "" „. , . „ 386, 474, 482, 779 Held, Mrs. Jeanuette Field, Mrs. Harriet Field & King . Fifleld, D. S Fifleld, Ed... Fifleld, E. J Fifleld, James S. 98, 99, 485, 689 Files, A. W 879 Finch, Asahel, Jr. 400 Finch, A. J. 91 Pinch, E. R...: ::::: 337 Finch, G. W.. 90 91 Fincel, Fred 914 Findlay, Jas 52, 642 Fmelrock, T. P 3.53 357 Fink, Joseph '850 FiDk, L. T 878 Finlay, Wm. J. ^'^'■ 96, 120, 255, .353, 476, 485 Finney^ F.N 96,387 Fish, Wm . Fish,Wm. H Fishback, G W Fisher, A. W Fisher, B. H Fisher, B. U Fisher, Cyrus, 314, 334, 660, 664,757,811 Fisher, C. M.. 97 Fisher, David :: 98 Fisher, Dexter . 900 Fisher, Ebenezer.. 757 Fisher, Henry 892 Fisher, John A... 98 Fisher, N 339 Fish-qua-gun (Chief) 852 Jisk, C... 89 Piek, Chas. H ... ' ' 97 Fisk, J. B 98, 107, 477 Fisk, L 97 Fisk, w. c.'.'.:::::'98, 475 Fiske, J. M _ 477 Fitch, Ed. H 42'2, 693 Fitch, P. C 323 Fitch, John, 97.314,320,331,3.38,344, 353, 360, 365, 385, 480,807 Fitch, John V! .... 89 Fitch, Miss Julia... 116 Fitch. Simeon.Jr 429,476 Fitch & McBain 48'' Pite, A. T ' 97 Fitts.Berry 93 Fitts, J... 97 Fitz, B. " 475 Fitzgerald, Francis.. 98 Fitzgerald, Michael. 98 Fitzpatrick, Joseph. 85 Fitzpatrick, Pat. 486 Flagg, John A 117 Flagg, Junius, 315, 323, 3.38. 341, .351, 366, .384, 385, 667, 670, **11.814 Flagg, Junius A.. 97, 690 Flagler, Rev. Isaac, ^, , 669, 719, 809 Fleeharty, John... 440 Fleming, J. F 927 Fletcher, J. E 310 Fletcher, Samuel ... 9:j4 Flinn, Patrick 878 Flinn, R. D 831 Flint, C. H " 100 Flint, Edward 881 Flint. E. ,S 420 £;ut,H. S 881 Flint, Timothy... 69 Flower, S. W 477 Floyd, G. W 4.39 Flynn, J. P 99 Flynn, H. E 99 Flynn, Patrick... 120', 877 Flynn, Wm 386, 878 Foggett, John 420 Foley, J. B 83,641 Foley, M 101 Folger, Jacob... 390. 906 Follett, Foster M.... 494 Follett, Oran 451 Folsom, B 99 Fontaine, Eugene 788,793 Fontaine, L. A 100 _ Page. Foreman, J. B.. 349, 351 Fuller, Harriet Forest, Geo. J. 4I8 Fuller, Henry Fork, John H 107 i--"- " - ' Forrester, Patrick... 934 For.syth, .\lex. C 101 Forsyth, Allen H 89 Forsyth. Mrs. Almira 926 Forsyth, Miss C. S 813 Forsyth, Mrs. Char- lotte T.... 2.34, 252, 813 Forsyth, D. H 71 Forsyth, G. Duncan Page. .. 865 Fuller,' H.H.'.: 429 Fuller, John W. 85,88, 89, 90, 161, 162, ^ „ .349,425,484 Fullerton,J. S .. 226 Fuller, Philo C 401 Fuller, Norton 865 Fuller, W. S. 314 Fuller, Willard J.... 891 Fullerton, Robert... 8,82 233,813 Fullerton, Wra.... 003 Forsyth, James A. Fulton, Gus. G .360 234, 328, 338, 470, 813, Fulton, JohnG""8'5 89 88.3,924,927 Fulton, Mr.s. J. g/'iTh forsyth, James W. Furney, George 98 V ,u ... , '''"'• ^13 Furey, John .... "7"6', 442 Forsyth, Miss M. A.. 813 Furst, Joseph 161 Forsjih, Robert A. Futzna, J 5 101, 326, 328, 338, 346, 366, 465, 660, 757. .S52, 870, 924, 928, 930 For.syth,R. J 859 66 C:;i AGE, L. L 81 A Gaither, Henry 64, 60 Forsyth, Hazard i'Co 446 Gale, George' iospvett, Joel 360 Gale, Lewis..::';""" 882 X'^kTm, 361, ■" ^■^'^^''' i"'^"-"-'"- «=« Foster, F. E... Foster, James. 475 Galloway, Pat. H' 13, 925 85, 121, .SS7, 816 -.477 Galloway, Samuel. .3(5 439 Galpin, Leman 90, 91 Foster, John....:::: 917 Galvert, Wm Foster, P. H ... Foster, Wm. S 485 Foty, Patsv 104 Fought, George 103 Foulk, Jacob I03 Fiiuike, Jus 65, 66 Foulkes, Mrs. R. R 119 Fountaine, E.. Fowler, S. M.... Fox, -Vlexander. Gambv, C. A. Gamby, T. G Ganar'ke, Simeon . Ganson, Joseph F. Gaper, Joseph Gardner, Adam.. Gardner, A. A 866 Gardner, D. E 867 85, 93, 106, 116, 350, 682, 835 360 101 101 66 934 103 691 98 Fox, Audiew 101 Gardner, E .., Fox, Merceno, 326,855,905 Gardner, Georg'e'N"" 104 Fox, Philander 855 Gardner, J B "" Fox, Samuel 321 392, 808, 811, 814 1 ox, ft. E.. 485 Garduer, Nathan ,358, 855 *rat, Henry.. 102 Gardner. Robert.854, 855 Fraker, Mrs. J .880 Gardner, R S.. 359 |_ranch man, Michael 856 Gardner, Wm P "'s"9 99 Francisco, A. W 640 Gardner, Libby &"Co 446 Fran ken berger, J. C. Gardiner, John 409 905 ^ , , 224, .358 Garfield, A. H 99 Franklin, Benj. &45 Garfield, George "" 360 Frary, Calvin 925 Garfield,James .i 226 227 Fray, D. W ....102 Garfield, James H 11,15 Fray, Mrs. E. S. 731, 732 Garlick, D ... 332 366 Fra.'ier, G 484 Garner, John. 92 Ioniser, Spencer L. 89, 99 Garner, Joseph 99 387 "" ' ■"■ Garner, Richard .:. 485 Frasicr, Sli.ss A. L... 821 Freant, Charles... 914 Freatenborough, W J ^ , . , ^"' 350 Frederick, C 361 Freeman, D. S 484 Freeman, Eli 934 Freeman, Ira 831 Freeman, J.J Freeman, Jolin P. Garrett, Wm. P...86, 479 Garrison, Samuel. 81 Garry, Pat 388 Gassaway, George 97, 477 Gatel,C 99 Gates, Wm....337: 477,787 Gatzer, Jacob 481 . 614 Gavin, John, 82, 89, 114 .348, 483 85, 92, 343, .344, 351, 367, Gavin, John C 89 385, 387, 4S5, 772, 792 Gavin, Patrick.- iio 317 Freeman, S. W. Gavin, H... 89 353, .354,:J87, 689 Gavin, Hugh 96 Prehart, John 315 Gavitt, Elnathan c" .323 12 224 438 694 474 99 97 98 Foote, G. W. Foraker, J. B, Foram, O. C Forbes, E. K. Forbes, S. F. 261,387,390,486 I'orce, M. F 22.3 Ford, Amos '" 867 Ford, Charles 104, 864, 867 Ford, Electa 887 Ford, Eugene F . 104 Ford, Fidelia 867 Ford, James 103, I07: 108 Ford, J. D. 355, 365, 390, 423, 831 Ford, J. R 877 Ford, Geo. F... 104, 107 Ford, Levi 104 Ford, Lucius L 104 Ford, Otis 104 Ford, Seabury... 11 Ford, S. A 99 Ford, Wallace R 104 Ford, Wm 313 Ford, W. H 99 Fordham, Geo. J 7 French, Abel French, Bronson French, E. R French, Isaac . French, J. C French, J. J — 403 8>.H, 906, 915 — 65 Gaylord, Wm. S. 337 ... 388 Gebhart, Jno .. 66 ...402 Gee, John 905 ... 348 Gee. Wm... 81 Geelan Michael . 9^.i\^.3m,^a,m Geer, Betsey Ann ::" 880 French, John R 286 Geer, B. T. French, Thomas French, Wheeler, 77, 344, 924 French, Wm. T. 96, 485, 689 Frcntz, Henry C. 99, 486 Frisbee, J. C 86 Frost, E. S. 338, 340, 342, 366, 870. 104, 106, 111, 348, 883 880 Geer, F. B.. Geer, Laura Geere, O. C 927 Geer, Wakeley ... 880 Geer, W. W S80 Gerkins, E. E 478 Gherkins, John .485, 817 Frost, G Frost, Lewis 878 Frost, Lewis W 478 Frost, Linas 877 Frost, Wm 870 Frost, W. A 895 Frothingham, John. 89 Frothingham, J. B.. 89 Fulk, Jacob 878 Fuller, Eliza 913,924 Gherkins, J. H 9s "" Gherring, Jacob 100 Geigcl, F. F 101 Geiger, Henry. 101 Geisert, Casper... 484 Geitter, W. C 97 Gelzer, Jacob 107 Gendron, Peter 792 George, John S..4S4, 694 Gerrans, James 819 Gerrsbir, John loi Fuller, E.W 346 Gerwick', Geo. 102 INDIVIDUAL INDEX. 941 Paae. Gibbs, Almon 'J8« Gibbs, Chloe 328 Gibbs, D, W 362, 810 Gibbs, G.S 385 Gibbs, Joua bW ^' 35S,'3l)0, 361, 30U, 867 Gibenv, Sivmuel 334 Gibsou, A. K. &Co.- 480 Gibbon, Johu ...103, lOi Gibbous, R. J 388 Gibson, Matthew ... 66 Gibson, MclJ.R— .90,91 Gibson, T. R.. -..■-,- "" Gibsou, Win. H.. 244, S62 Giddings. J. K---345, 3'i4 Giftbrd,H. W M Gilber, James 928 Gilbert, A. W 101 Gilbert, E.M. 408 Gilbert, James 93- Gilbert, Jarvis, 320, 323, 924 Gilbert, Jonathan .. 104 Gilbert, J. W.& Co.. 480 Gilbert, Mrs. Mary.. 923 Gilbert, Natbauicl.. 932 Gilbert, Smith 101 Gilbert, S. L 323, 924 Gilljert, Stephen \V. 933 Gilbert, Thomas L. Jr., Gilchrist, C.'H 102 Gildea, John 120 Gildersleeve, J. W... 100 Gill, M. H 97,690 Gill, William 103 GiUan, J. B 866 Gillette, Mile 914 Gillette, Orrin 914 Gillett, R. II 103 Gillett, R. W-102, 107,117 Gilmau. Edward 481 Oilman, J. W 101 Gilmore, A.. - 386 Gilmore, H C 98 Gilmore, James 99 Gilmore, Q. A 15 Gillrom, John 101 Gilruth, .James 844 Gilson, 1>. P 102 Girdham. Gee. .104, 882 Gitskey, Benj 98 Gitsliy, B. J 771 Gitsliv, Joseph 98 Gitsky, Moses 771 Gitsky, R.- 98 Glass, Harlow 480 Gleason, A. W., 89, 100, 107, 483 Gleason, F.D. 99 Gleason, Mrs. M. B.. 732 Gleason, Thos...313, 914 Gleason,-Mrs. Thos.. 914 Glenn, H. P — . 846 Glenn, Nathaniel ... 905 Glenn, V 846 Glenn, Wm 816 Glenon, Martin 258 GU'ssner, Lewis 643 Glidden, H. A 386 Glifette, Lewis 924 Page. Goodson, JohuW... 92 Goodwin, E. M 734 Goodwin, J.K 66 Goodwin, Thos 448 Gorduier, Adam A.. 888 Gordiuier, B. C 104 Gordinier, Edwin, 347, 35-1, 366, 888 Gordinier, Jane M.. 730 Gordiuier, John 1... 892 Gordiuier, Wm 892 Gorgen, John 98 Gorman, Thos 104 Gorman, Wm 99 (ionld, J. W 390 Gould. Orrin B 162 Goulden, M. M..348, 387 (iove, George W , 99, 485, 0S9 Gower, Robert, 303, 313, 319, 366 Gowman, Wm 107 Gradolph, Chas 96 Gradolph, Fred. 783, 906 Grager, Thos 735 (rraham, E 813 Graham, Dr. Hosmer, 316, 348, 638, 81S Graham, Norton 348 Graham, Pat.... 486, 694 Graham, Thos 479 Gramer, John 98 Granger, A. C 102 Granger, Francis 104, 357 Granger, Gordon 224, 254 Granger, Miss Miran- da Granger, Thos. W... Granger, V. W.. 771 Granger Brothers... 482 Grant, D. D 830 Grant, Flavel 361 Grant, Fred. D 124 Grant, L.Y 66 Grant, U.S... 11,15, 123 Grasser, Joseph 485 Gratney, Robert S.. 66 GraufT, J. Adam 457 Graves, Peter.- 96 Graves, E. L 358 Graves, Edward A.. 638 Graves, Robert 81 Gray, H. B 102 Gray, H. C... 641 Gray, Thos. T 102 Gray, Wm 104 Greeley, Horace 463 Green, Augustus 924 Green, Mrs. Cather- ine..- 855 Green, E 102 Green, Frank M 436 Green, Horace, 104, 315, 323, 338, 429, 891, 892 Green, Israel S.VJ Green. Joel 891, 893 Green, Mrs. Joel.-.. 889 Green, Philomelia.. 893 Green, Sibyl 893 Green, Simeon 893 Green, Stephen. 104,855 119 914 772 Page. Grimth, Benjamin.. 693 G,iftitli,('. M 102 Griffith, Timothy ... 719 Griffith, Wm 926 Griffith, W. W. 94, 96. 113, 353, 355, 425, 475, 4*4, 787, 788 Griffith, Mrs. W.W.. 119 Gritlith, G. P. &Ca>.. 4.'jO Griffith, Mellvaine& Co - •'45 Griffith, Tyler & Co. 926 Grimes, T. A 64 (irinage, John 104 Griswold, Chester... 936 Griswold, F. W 100 Griswold, S. A 641 Griswold, W. P 101 Grodah, I'eter 934 Grosenbaeher, Sam. 104 Grocsbeck, W. S .... 356 GrolV, Shadraeh, 156. 223, 819 Groll & Sehwind 910 Grogan, George. .361, 389 Groom, JohnC 90 Gross, Harry 96, 486 Gross, H.G 484 Grover, .\bigail 867 (J rover, Leonard 867 Grover, Menzo 104 Grower* Clark 934 Gruber. Chas 3Si Guire, Paul 678,905 Gunn, Alfred 913 Gunu, Asman 876 Gunn, Chas 663,926 Gunn, Christopher, 663, 905 Gunn, Elijah 663 Gunn, Harry 103 Gunu, Jos 65 Gunn, Mrs. L. B 8S5 G\iun, Nancy Ann.. 876 Gunn, Miss Olive ... 915 Gunn, Osman 878 Gunn, O. A 300 Gunn, O.N 926 Gunu, Richard 912 Gunn, Warren B. 348,848,849,878,910,916 Gunu, W. D - 359 Gunn, Willard, 320, 333, 912, 913 Gumer, L. H 926 Guoin, Leon 934 Guoin, Paul - — 934 Gurley, F. D 100 Gurno, Lewis 905 Guthrie, J. T... 927 Guyer, Joseph 65 Page. Hall, Harriet 6S Iluil, Henry 97 Hall, Henry M 486 Hall, Hudson B. 96, 486, 772 Hall, Mrs. 11. B 116 Hall. 11. B. &Co.... 868 Hull, lie 96 Hall, Horace 872 Hull, Israel.. 98, 712, 731 Hall, J 89 Hall, James 66 Hall, James C. 84, 85, 106, 115, 352, 368, 354, 421, MO, 682, 819 Hall, Joseph E. 103, 350, 913, 914, 915, 916, 918, 924 Hall, Newell C- 913, 918 Hall, O. P 103 Hall, Orlando 914 Hall, Philo 103,344 Hall, R 102 Hall, Sarah 915 Hall, W 51, .54, 57 Hall, Wm... .387,488,934 Hall, W. H .341,365 Hall, Wm. O 683 Page. Banner, Chaa 390 Hannin, Edward. 100, 144 Hansen, F. C. &Oo.. 482 Hanson, B «« Hanson, Elijah.. 913, 914 Hnpgood & SpraKUO- 042 Harbaeh, Fred -403, 406 Ilarliauer, Johu 99 Harbeck, J. S.. .■161, 306, 470, 486 Harger, K. II 185 KHrkey,S. L 830 Harlow, M 97 Harmon, iaibert.3.55, 361 Ilarnden, Wm. 1'.... 828 Harue, G. A 102 llarnitt, Ezra 390 Harper, Rice 463 Harrideu, Ira 102 Harrington, John... 108 Harrington, Lelitia.. 693 Harrington, Sal 389 Harrington, Patrick. 914 Harriott, 1>. S ■■■ 880 Ilurriult, Kdwin 880 Harris, A.C 104, 349 Harris, Mrs. A. C 118 Harris, U. D 892 -- ■ ■■ ;t58 Hali; Wm. T.85,99^M,389 Harris, Henry. .... :(58 Hallaran, Robert [Rich- Hams, Henry G...10,90 Hams, James oW Gioyd7Joei M....97, 483 Greene, J-'L- - 350, 409 Gloyd Mrs, J. M.... 116 Greene. E T 432 - ■" ' - ■ Greener, Jacob 36U Gnagy, Jacob, 315,319,540,877,878,934 Gnagy, John 877 Gnagy. Joseph 6-i.i Godard, Alonzo, 85, 97, 458, 474 Godard, Mrs. Alonzo, 116, 120 Godard, Lewis, 665, 757, 899 Godfrev, C. M...347, 350 Godfrey, Gabriel.... 657 Godfrey, James G... 407 Goettell, Henry W., 82, 100, 321 ,385,667,757,807 GoetteU, Johu. 100, 337, 385, 667 Goettell* Hall 446 GoiT, Caleb 101 Goldsmith, Edwin— 477 Goldsmith, Gustavus, 85, 98, 107, 486, 771 Goldsmith, L 86,98 Gontine, John 322 Goodale, Ezra. .-480, 772 Goodman. Michael . 917 Goodright, M 66 Goodsell, Naaman, 29, 299, 385 Greener, J. C... 355, 361 Greeumau, James..- 321 Greenraan,H — 402 Green vault, Dan. 328, 373 Greenwood & Brock- bark 905 Greenwood, Richard 98, 319, 808 Greer, J. T .. 358 Greer, Mrs. J. T 723 Greiner, Ernest 100, 106, 353, 366 Greiner, John.. 848, 704 Greiner. J. E 90 Gregg, John 97 Gregory, D. S 77 Gregory, J. M 810 (fregory, JohnS... 101 H ASS, John 866 Haas, Jokam. 102 Hadley, W. K 906 Hackles, A. S--. 924, 932 Hacklev, A.J 77, 457", 932 Hacklev, H. A 925 Hackett, J.J 390 Hadley, C. C 915 Hadlev, W. K 90< Hagans, G. W 362 Hagenberg, G. W..- 773 Hagenberg, P. A. ... 321 Hagenburg, W. (i... 391 Hagerman, C. H 102 Hain, Mrs. John 117 Hain, Joseph Haigh, J. A Haines, E. H Haines, John H. .. Halve, Miss Maria Haldeman, Mr 810 Hale, Geo 320 Hale, J 315 Hale, John 92.3 Hale, J. M 96 Hale, L.A ?9 Hall, Addle 916 Hall, Amanda.. 910, 916 Hall, C 66 Hall, Cecil A 353 Hall, Charles B 9i 849 359 843 914 117 (ireiory! Uriah 85,Y00,809 Hall, Vlv^s.W Greiory, Thos.. 107, 120 82, 89, 98, 107 Gribben, J.C 390 Gridley, Cyrus 694 Gridley, John 102 Gridley, R 102 Griest, Cornelius 893 Griggs, Matt -19 Griflin, George S .... 353 Griffin, C. P 391 Hall, Curtis 101 Hall, Uavid 385, 918 Hall, Elijah 924 Hall, E. B. 92, 3.^i3. .369, 366, 387 Hall, Mrs. Elizabeth. 915 Hall, Franklin T„- 103 Hall, H 806 ard] — 476 Hallen, Edward .... 328 Hallet. Eliza 893 Ilallett, Jacob 314 Hallet, John 905 Halliday, J. N 772 Halpiu, John, 104, 344, 842 Halsey, Mrs B. L.... 694 Halsey, John I) 103 Halsev. S. P..98, 385, 483 Halstoad, Geo 361 Halstead, H. S 788 Hamilton, A. U 340 Hamilton, C S 89 Hamilton, Daniel... 403 Hamilton, Erie.. 358, 425 Hamilton, Mrs. E... 724 Hamilton, F 103 Hamilton, Frank ... 361 Hamilton, Franklin 101 Hamilton, H. A.... 90, 91 Hamiltou, J. H 780 Hamilton, Mrs. J. H. 723 Hamilton, John 306 Hamilton, J. Kent, 86, 99, 123, 824, 263, 353 354, 360. 365, 387, 422 Hamilton, Miss Lucy, 116 Hamilton, Miss Mary, ll.j Hamilton,Mrs. Sarah - 685 Hamiltou, Thos., 97, 110, 476, 685 Hamilton. Mrs. Thos.832 Hamilton, Vincent, 97, 390, 475 Hamilton, Mrs. V., 8:J1, 832 Hamilton, Wiley, 313, 321, 878 Hamilton, Wm.... 64, 66 Hamilton, Wm. H .. 99 Hamlin, Fred 89 Hamlin, George W.. 324 Hinnlin, Peter ....99, 485 Hamlin, Walter 6'.X) Hamlvn, W.H 101 Uamm, E. P 475 Uamm, P. T 475 Hammel, Isabel 676 Hammell, Miss Belle 116 Hammond. Chas. 643, 64.i Uaniuinnd, Hollis..- 98 Hammond, James .. 878 Hampton, Jonathan 314 Hampton, J. H....97, 422 Hancock, C 101 Hancock.L 100 Hancock, Mrs. M 484 Hand, A. J .— 85 Hand, Fred 96 Handy, -Michael 302 Harks, Charlotte 693 Hanks, Cyrus D. 817, 346. 366 Hanks, Elijahs. 99. 387, 482, 689. 808 Hanks, Mrs. K. S 116 Hanks, F. B 895 Haulon, P 3,=i3 Hannn, Samuel 925 Uttunaford, A. S 64b Harris.John 99, 642 Harris, J osiab.\ 638 Harris, Mrs. Julia... 731 Harris, J.C 660 Harris, O. U 928 Harris, R.W 040 Harris, S. K 90 Harris, Wm. H., 85, 98, 317, 350, 366, 482 485 Harrison. Amor 400 Harrison, Bossell 914 Harrison, C. L 689 Harrison, W. H. 6, 9, 15, 30, 43, 65, .56, 57, 68. 2;», 780 Uarroun.Mrs. Amanda 86-1 llarroun, C. H. 30. 97, 107, 406, 485, 893 Uarrouu, Mrs. ClarLssa 406 Harrouu, David, 102, 314, 344. S93 llarroun, David, Jr. 891 Harruuu, Johu ..314, 889 Harroun,Levi 867 Hart, A. E., ^ Hart, Dennis 120 Hart, Eli 480 Hart E C 8*9 Hart;G4o.W..85,96,68a Hart, Peter 694 Hart, Robert 934 Hart, T. P 830 Harter, J. W - mi Ilarters, John 314 Hartman, Augustus. 104 Uartsman, D.- 880 Hartman, Fred. — . Wi Hartwell, Elizabeth P 671 Hartwell, James 859 Hartzell, J Hartzfelt, John . Harvey, George W.. Uarvev. .Tames Harvey, Luther... Uarwood, Henry.. Haskell, Edward 368, 480, 474 Haskell, Eli B 694 Haskell, George..... 4&3 Hiuskell, George W.89, 90 Haskell, Henry! ... 97 Haskell, H.R '.>7 Haskell, James 102 Haskell, Miss Lottie, 115, 116 Haskell, Julia A — 694 Haskell, N.T f HasRclli Co 481 Huskin, Charles... . 442 llaskin, Harry 440 Httskins, Ibiratio G. 440 Haskins, Mrs.Lucina ru. 909, 914, 916 Hoskius, L. W 101 Haskins, Mary 916 Haskins, WhltiOmb, 101, 909, 912, 913, 914 Hnskins,W. S 916 Hossau, Henry 102 879 101 66 489 891 942 INDIVIDUAL INDEX. „ Page. Hastinge, George 934 Hastings, R 323, 838 Hastings, Reuben, 883, 924, 925 Hasty, Charles 103 Hasty, Emerson E_88, 89 Haswell, George R.. 688 Hatch, Charles F 408 Hatch, Isaac M 102 Hatch, Israel T 402 Hatcn, Samuel h 643 Hatch & Farr 641 Hathaway, A. H. 85, 100, 47li Hathaway, F. H 478 Hathaway, I. N. 85, 99, 347, 386, 4S6, 816, Hathaway, S. B 96 Hatterslev, Geo 102 Haaghton, Miss Ade- „lia-- - 118 Haughton, Albert _ 104 Haiighton, Clark 902 Haughton, Cyrus 902, 905 Haughtou, Delia 902 Haughton, Electa.. , 118 Haughton, Frank... 118 Haughton, Hiram 104, 113, 118, 903 Haughton, Ira 104 Haughton, Lyman 118,902,904,905 Haughton, Maryin „ , 902. 90B Haughton, Mrs. N lis Haughton, Nathaniel 902 Haughton, Miss O.. 118 Haughton, Orson, 104, 118 Haughton, Miss Ruth „ , 118, 902 Haaghton, Smith... 902 Haughton, Mrs.Smith 902 Haughton, Solon „ 104, 118, 902 Haughton, .Stephen ^ 342, 366, 902, 905 Haughton, W ii.s Haughton, Wm Ed- gar 902 Hauser, J. M 96 Hayerly, John H. 90, 4,84 Hayiland. I. E 820 Hawes, Delevan D. ^ 104,328.891,892 Hawes, Paul ,3.58 Hawkins. H. V 846 Hawkins, J. B. _..""" 850 Hawkins, Thos. L... 440 Hawley, Amos 861 Hawley, Dayid M. 660,926 Hawley, Dayid W 891 Hawley, Mrs. E. M 723 Hawley, J. A 426 Hawley, Mrs. N. H 932 Hay.M _. 99 Hayden, C. M 829 Hayden, Elisha 905 Hayden, Michael, 347, 360, .387 Hayes, E. L _. 90 Hayes, E. W " 354 Hayes, H. 3. ^ 94, 96. 352, 360, 475 Hayes, Miss Mary 119 Hayes, Miles 882 Hayes, Orlin S.. 89 Hayes, P. C 226 Hayes, Rutherford B. „ 12, 15, 354, 652 Hayes, Samuel. 8iS6 Hayncs, Charles.. 99 Haynes, E, W 348 Haynes, Geo. E. 96,106,351,361,387,484, 531, 831 Haynes, Mrs. Geo. R. _ 116, 831 Haynes, Harry 42s Haynes, J 97 Haynes, R. A ...Vl03, 104 Haynes, Wm. E .90, 226 Haynes, Wilson 99 Hazard, Geo. 8.76,471,924 Hazeuzhal, H . 93 HazenzahI,Wendeii' 101 Hazenzahl, M. W 100 Hazleton, John "' 103 Hazlett, Emily C. 693 Hazlett, Geo. F 86 Hazlctt, Isaac, 342, 359, 366, 482 Heater, Fred 102 923 98 360 102 103 103 Page. Heater, Susie 916 Heath. Clayton R., 367, 389, 425, 653, 813 Heath, F. M. 917 Heath.N. B 894 Heaton, Daniel 12 Heaton, James. . 12, 99 Hedges, Miss Sophia 926 Hemebower, Henry 848 Hefflebovyer, John Hege, J. George .... Heinhl, Joseph . Heller, Emanuel Heller, J. W ... Helon, E Helwig. Daniel. 1.."" "m Hemenway.LucienB 694 Henderson, Alex. „ , 83. .343, 386 Henderson, C. L... 328 Henderson, C. S 924 Henderson, D. C. 660 Henderson, Fulton.. 484 Henderson, Henry 924 Heudrick. E. "103 Hendrick, J. M.. 223 Hendricks, T. A... 15 Hendricks, Warren" 902 Hendrlckson. David „ 104,864, 866, .891 Hendnckson, Geo 102 Hendrlckson, H. W 353 Hendrickson, J. 891 Hendrlckson, John L. „ ., . , 102, 892 Hendnckson, L. W., „ , . , 104, 109 Hendnckson, Owen 102 genig, F 101 Hennessey, Chas.lOO, 107 Henrick Chester. 924 Henry, 6eo 86, 100 Henry, Jas 86, 390 Henry, John L.. 906 907 Henry, Thomas .100, 1''0 Herrick, Anthony .. 104 Herrick, Cahin, ^ . 360, 387, 688, 689 Herrick, Hiram 360 Herrick, Wm Herrick, W. D 104, 113, 343. 346, 429 „ . , , 880, 882, 8a3 Herrick, Mrs. W. D 879 Hersey, S. F.-.. 388 Herslmg, L... 97 Hertzler, Christian," rr . , fiM. 681 Hertzler, Christian. ^Jr -,- 689 Hertzler, Geo. C . 680 Hertzler, Horace 100, 809 Hertzfeld, Jacob .... 103 Herzig, Jacob.... 104, 882 Herzig, James . 104 Herzog, Adrian 403 Heston. Thomas... 867 Hewitt, Charles T 477 Hewitt, J. C 298 Heyer. Frank ... . _ 649 Heyman, M qs Hibbard, A. G. ^.^^ 384,392,679,809 Hibbard. Jedediah.. .385 Hibbard, M. D. 94,338 42'i Hickock, B. H_ 328 Hickory, Joseph . " 81 Hickox, WalsteinH 343 Hickox, W. M. 928 Hicks, Henry W „. , 326,374,402.851 Hicks, J.N 867 Hicks, Lawson...855", 856 Hicks, Robert... 402 Hicks, Wesley. ...360, 855 Hickson, Charles. 66 Hickson, W. D.. 66 Hiett, John W. 101, 358, 361,509, 640 Hiett, Mrs. M. E. „. ^ ^ 723,724,831 Higby, F. W 97 Higby, Mrs. F. W 486 Higby, John 861 Higby, Lorenzo 10, 96 Higgins, Aaron 427 Higgins, Dayid, „. 303, 319, 338, 670. 844 Higgins, E. A ...348,638 Higgins, James... 99 Higgins, Michael... 485 Higgins, M. O ... 484 Higgins, Samuel B 891 Higgins, Thomas ... 390 Highland, Aaron.. 101 Hight. John R.103,392,720 Hilchens, Scott 689 gill, A. A 384 S- • '^I'^^J ^ -—244, 359 Hill, Charles W. 85, 89, 92, 108, 261, 278, 314, 329, 335, .363, 355, 384, 429, 639, 689. 809 „.„ ^ , 813,814,876 Hill, E. A 392 Hill, George. 861 HiU. George M ... 9^ Hill, George W 3.23 HiU, Henry E 98 Hill. Josiaii L 878 Hill, Leander..33I, 381,392 Hill. Merchant 878 Hill, Robert 924 HiU, Miss Sophie... 116 Hill, W. B....... 101 Hill, Wm. D 355 Hill & Perigo 482 HiUcox. S. D.. 103 Himes Fred. W.... 86, 97 Himrod. Wm 934 Hiude, J. C ■ 458 Hiue. C. C : 99 Hines, Alonzo 102 Hinkle. John F . 338 Hiueley. Henry 99 Hmman. Harvey 891 Hiram, Davis ' 815 Hiser, George H... 101 Hitchcock, B. H 96, 107,3.59,387,476,486, 904 Hitchcock, C... 100 Hitchcock, H, D 386 Hoadley, Geo 12 361 Hoag, F.J 391,724 Hoag, Mrs. F. J 735 Hoag, Henry W... 6,83 Hoag, John 914 goag. f B 100 goag, J. R 867 Hoag, Michael. 360 Hoag, Phillip 485 Hoag, S 484 Hoag, T. H. 85, 93, 96, 314, 351 Page, ^?}}nitl' ^l^- «^"y ^"^ Ho^e. Cha., T.. ...^Tr Page. 660 Hoag, 386, „ „ 474, 683 Hoag, Mrs. T, H.... 832 Hoagland, Pliny. 82, 338 Hoak, Wm 98 Hobart, Benj.. 343 Hobart, David.. 332,366 Hobart, J. H 313 Hodge, James.. 478 Hodge, W. A "478 Hodges, D. D 103 Hoeht, Fred 103 Hoffman, Fred 104 Hoflman, G. F .390 Hoflman, M .^J." qq Hoft'man,MissMa"t'tie 116 Hoffman, P 90 Hoffman, Paul... " 485 Hoffman, Wm.. 97 Hoffman, Wm. C. 317, 350 Hoglin, George W 99 Hohly, Chas 359 Hobly, Fred ... .361, .367 Hohly, H 100 Hoismgtou, J 385 Holbrook, J. G. J04 Holbrook, Mrs. Lois S. F 252 Holcomb, C. S_..Iir 924 Holcomb, Horace ^ ,, ^ 485, 7"5"8, 924 Hold, Ezra 878 Holder, Geo gi Holdridge. Wm 99 Hole, Gotlieb.. " 98 Holenter, Charles . 99 Hollenbank, M. 488 HoUenbeck, Francis „ „ , . 89, 315, 474 Hollenbeck,Mrs.D.K. 722 HoUey, D. C 98 Holly, Jesse 66 Hollicker, John 917 Hollington, Ambrose 106 Hollister, B. F.. 47 852 HoDister, C. N 362 Hollister, Geo. A. 362, 367 Hollister, James 891 Hollister, Horace.. 892 Hollister, John, 331, 438, 412, 470, 660, 757, 855 Hollister. Wm 442, 663, 679, 897 Hollister* Colton 474 Holloway, Abigail.. 876 Holloway, C, B 103. 107, 108, 111, .359,876 Holloway. Chester.. 878 Holloway, C. S 876 Holloway. Cyrus „ , " 303, 319, 366, 891 Holloway, Eliza S... 876 Holloway, George... 876 Holloway, Geo. G... 876 Holloway, G. W 879 Holloway, Halbert 875,876.878 Holloway, Herbert. 340 Holloway, H. L 99 Holloway, J. o 849 Holloway, J. P...356, 362 Holloway, Marv.\nn 876 Holloway, Michael . 876 Holloway, Oristen, „ 315, 350, 876, 876. 878 Holloway, O. A 102 Holloway, Peter .334 Holloway, Wm 876 Holmes, B _ 104 Holmes John 907 Holmes, J. W 93 Holmes, Wm _ 99 Holmes, W.J. . 641 Hoist, T '" 8,30 Holston, G. W... " 788 Holt, Ezra. ...103, 368, 878 Holt, P. C. 101, .360. 916, 926, 928 Holt, Horatio N... 933 Holt, W.S 21,101 Holzwarth, J. G... 485 Homer. Wm. P. 313,317,323 Hone, J. W 351, .388 Houey, Horace.. 101, 914 Hood, Homer 724 Hooker. Gen. J. E... 109 Hooker, Nathaniel.. 103 Hooper, Amos . 102 Hooper, S. S... . lo"l, 360 Hoover, A 866 Hopkins, Almon, „ , 85. 475, 483, 832 Hopkins, E. P 85, 86 Hopkins, Geo. H 124 Hopkins. O. J. ...262, 389 Hopkins, Phillip R.. 481 Hopkins, W. L... 97 Hopkins, Wm. P Hopner, Peter. Horan, Patrick... Horner, J. S... Horner, John W Horner. W. P _." Horning, -Vndrew.." Horning, Valentine Horuung, Charles. Horton. I'aleb ... Horton, Mrs. Eliza M Horton. H.W Howe, David.. 76, 99 4.38 Howe, E. D 45S Howe, E. R... " .36]' g°»'e.G.S 386 Howe, Henry E. 233, 358, :JS9 Howe, J. D 99 Howe, S. T "" gi) Howe, Wed. W 90, 346, .386, 474, 837 Howes, James. 350,457 925 Howell, .\nson 40-' Howell, Arthur D 777 Howell, Daniel Y 98 386, 777, 780, ,8.36 Howell. Wm. A 648 Howells, J. W.. "" 99 Howells, Thos 99". .360 Howey, James . _. Howland. Betsey Honiand, Ezra " Howland, H. N. 123, 3.53. 360, 689 Howland, Mrs. O. G. ti , , 389,855 Howland, Orange H 258 Howland, W. W _ 403 Hewlett. Parker 694 Howlett. Thomas, 101 ... 694 ... 69IJ 892 101 317 304 91 924 98 lOil 348 891 926 Hoskins. Wm"''."."8i4, 9IJ5 Hosmer, H. L. 77, 85, 432. 474, 637, 638, 641, 689, 847, 924 Hosmer,Mrs. Sarah C 693 Hosmer. S. T. „ 342,6.38,654,681,925 Hough, A. C. 3:M, 342,343, .366 Hough, George W. 81 Hough, H. c 94 Hough, T. H..35i,3"6"7,781 Hough, Mrs. T. H. 483 House, Conrad .. 924 House, John .... 883", 913 Houser, Wm 880 Hovey. A. S 876 Hovey, Mrs. S. A. 723, S79 Howard. Alexander. 913 Howard, Chas. R 477 Howard, D. W. H. „ 90, .348, 365, 690 Howard, David. 9)3 Howland, Elisha W 440 Howard, J. B..83, 486,641 Howard, M 120 Howard, N. M. 101. 108,244, 358,476 724 Howard, O, E, M... 98 Howard, Robert. 313, 323, 429 Howard, R. A 314 Howard, S. F... 323 Howe, Mrs. AnnaE. 252 85, a50, 882, 883 Hoj't, John. 99 Hoyt, N ■ joi Hoyt, W. R., "' 331, 360, 392, 456, 481 Hoyt, R. H . 882 Hubbard. CT 96 Hubbard, David 314 Hubbard, Eli, -■-■■=" 313, 320, .331,366, 660, 888 ^, ^ 891, 892, 897, 899 Hubbard, Franklin, 361,724, 785 Hubbard, Geo. W,360,773 Hubbard, Henry 102 Hubbard, Hiram.368, 899 Hubbard, J. M 648 Hubbard, Miss Kate 723 Hubbard, Lucius F Hubbard, R M Hubbard, S, S Hubbell, Burnham, Hubbell, C.L.84S, 849, 860 Hubbell, Daniel, 323,329, 660, 844,917 Hubbell. E, C. Hubbell. George Hubbell, Harrison Hubbell, Hezekiah. 320, 749, 848. 850, 924 gubbell, M. F ....99, 860 Hubbell, M. VV a, a Hubbell, M, S... """ 103 Hubbell, Wm. S, B., Hubbell, V 101 Huberieh.i onrad-3'57,.389 Hubler, Geo _ 813 Hubber, Peter... " gs Hudmet. E. B 66 Hudson, John T... 934 475 773 . 475 .878 924 841 103 841 359 98 101 485 404 688 104 389 97 Hudson, W. M Hueston, J. M _ _ Huff, D. B Huff, Jesse ' Huffine. Mrs. S.. Huffman. Wm. C 96, lOG, 38: Hughes, A Hughes, Arthur Hughes, G. W.... ' Huler, Henry Huler, W. H ...."'..";_ Huling, Harris... 892 Huling, Wm. H., Hull, A. W.. 89 Hull, A. F.-.482, 819, 882 Hull, Dauiel m29 Hull, David. .6.57, 663, 921 Hull, Mrs, Frances W 9-i6 Hull, George B rfo Hull, Isaac, 101. 315, SU, 663, 924 929 Hull, Josephs 101 Hull, S. S g->q Hull. Wm.... n Hull, W. R,, lUl, 107, 352, 929 Hulest, Wm _. 103 Humphrey. Geo. 329, 480 Humphrey, G. W... 39] Humphrey, Hiram.. 320 INDIVIDVAL INDEX. 043 Paste. n\imrhrey, I. N TOT Humvlirev, !<. S 374 Hunt'ord, Will 3Sfi Hiingcrfurd, Jonathan Hunker, Andrew. .. 3ei Hunker, H. H..8rt, 90, 98 Hunker, John 98 Hunker, John J.- 80,91 Hunker. Mrs J. J.. U6 Hunker, M -185, 7(j8 H\inker, Mrs. Mar- garet 683 Hiinkle, Mrs. Susan- nah 90a Hunt, Benjamin 924 Hunt, C. C. P- 338, 367, 813, 9a8, 932 Hunt. E.- 9S Hunt, Hcury J. .35.5, 371 Hunt, H. C 90 Hunt, .Tacob 104 Hunt, Jesse 370 Hunt, John E. 85, 94 96. 315. 3:i8, :«8, S43, 348, 352, 354. 355, 366. 367, 370, 387, 407, 470, -tm, 6611, 704, 757, 811, 813, 852, 859, 876, 921, 924. Hum, John E., Jr. 85 113, 116,689 Hunt, J. H 403,485 Hunt, Lewis C--. 85,255 Hunt, Mary L -— Hunt, Mrs. Mary S.. 926 Hunt, Washington 403, 404 Hunt, Wm 924 Hunt, W. W 90.484 Hunt, Mrs. W. W... 116 Hunt* Converse ... 925 Hunter, E - 380 Hunter, E. H 101 Huntington, Elijah 341 , 4n3 Huntington, R.G.H. 99 Huntington, Thos.._ 11 Huntington, Wm. T. 100 Huntlev, M.T 100 Hurd, F. H. 356,358,360, 361, 362, :!88 Hurd, Hincklv.. 98, 101 Hurd, Kollin (' 449 Hurlbut, E. W 91 Hurlbut, Hiram _-. 99 Hurlztad, Henry 102 Husband, Adah A .. 402 Hussev, Cyrus 787 Hutch'ins, Allen 401 Hutchinson, Mrs. E. 117 Hutchinson, James. 103 Hutchinson, John.. 916 Hutchinson, Joseph 914 Hutchinson, J. A... 102 Hutchinson, Luther 323 Hutchinson, Wm... 103 Huvck, Isaac 26,81 Huyck, J. H 85,485 Huzzey, Thos. H 342 Hvatt.J. W. B 814 Hvde.E.B. 96, 116,351,475 Hyde, Mrs. E. B.. .. 116 Hyde, G. A 12 1NGALL.J, J. R... 109 Ingold, Fred 107, 485 Ingold, Jacob 485 Iniraham, W. H.— 844 Inues, D 97 Ironsides, John 103 Irving, Mrs. E. M... 216 Irviug, J. D — 422 Irvine, J. P 643 Irish, O.W 3S1 Irving, Pierre M. . • 326, 337, 639, 669, 857 Irving, Washington. 851 Irwin, Robert. 103 Isham, John G. 112. 315, :!46, 3.55, 914 I.sham, Torry 916 Isherwood,Everett G 684 Isherwood, F. P. 96, 387, 388, 5.3:J, 781 Isherwood, W. S._97, 780 JACK. Simon 98 Jackman.James 905 Jackman, Samuel... 99 Jackman. Thomas.. 99 Jackson, Mrs. A 486 Jackson, EdwiQ99,476,770 Page. .Tackson, James, S13. 852, 883, 936 .Tackson, Morris 93i Jackson, Richard ... 93:j Jack.son, Thos ....97, 485 Jackson. William... sl3 Jackson. W. R 224 Jackson. W. S - 97 Jaeoli, Courson 828 Jacol)i, John 391 Jacobs, .\udrew 6H0 Jacobs, D 480 Jacobs, E 771 Jacobs, Fred 101 Jacobs, Gilbert 134 Jacobs. Lewis 6.5, 66 Jacobs, Sara 353 Jacobs, T. W 486 Jacoby, Edwin 773 Jameson, John 66 .lamisou, George — 8!iB Janes, Frank 670 Janes, Rev. John 670 Januey, R. S . .783,784,787 Jauuet, J. W 360,485 Jav, James 104,879 Jay, John — . 47 Jhv, Samuel 338 Jav, S. R 103 Jay, Wm.S 103 Javalz, Jacob 100 Jcall, John... 102 Jeager, Fred 358.388 Jeager. Godfrey 649 Jeanes. Thomas 878 Jefferson. Thomas... 397 Jeffrey, Robert -.385, 815 Jenkins. Nathan 844 Jennings if' 346 Jennings. Lewis 427 Jennings, S. R 320 Jenison, Calista 855 Jennison, C V. 97 438. 773, 855 Jenison, Frances 855 Jenisou, George 855 Jenison, Harriet 855 Jenisou, Jerusha... 6()3 Jenison, Martha 8'^5 Jenison, Mary 855 Jenison, Nathaniel . 855 Jenison, Olive - 8.55 Jenison, Ralph ...98,8.55 Jenisou, Vlctory.855, 929 Jenkins, Warren 481, 719 Jereaume, J. B 55 Jermain, Mrs. F. D. 391, 643 Jermain, J. B 403 Jerome, A.. 22 Jerome J. H. 303,313,319,321,322. 399. 407, 860, 933 Jerome, Levi 92:3 Jerome, L. R 99 Jerome, J. W 103 Jervis, E 101 Jessup, Abram...l02, .328 Jessup, Jedediah. 338, 891, 893, 893 Jewett, A 905 Jewett, E. R 720 Jewett, H. J... 360 John, James 319 Johmy, Captain 90 Johnson, Abram.104, 876 Johnson, Almon G.. 92:3 Johnson. Alva C 96 Johnson, B. W 90 Johnson, C. P 319 Johnson, Mrs. C. F.. 118 Johnson, David, 64, 360, 821, 867 Johnson, Eleanor... 881 Johnson, Elias S 093 Johnson, B. S 474 Johnson, Fred ..349, 485 Johnson, Prank .340, 341 Johnson, Franklin.. 315 Johusou, Fred 98 Johnson, Geo. F 649 Johnson, G. L.. 359,389,641,812, 813 Johnson, Geo. W ... 933 Johnson, Harpin 440 Johnson, Mrs. H 733 Johnson, H. V 348 Johnson, Jeremiah, 913, 938 Johnson, Jostah 98 John^ou, L. H, 99,362,641 Johusun, Martiu 923 Johnson, Mary 485 Page. Johnson, Matt., :i.s.-,, 408, 680. 781 Johnson, Moore 60 Johnson, M. K 103 Johnson, (iliver :W5 Johnson, I". B 476 Johnson, Richard M 928 Johnfon, Robert — 123 Johnson, S 315 Johnson, Solomon. .321, 931 Johnson, S. M...362. 847 Johnson, S. W 100 Johnson W 923 Johnson, W. S 849 Johnston, David.385, 926 Johnston. Ellen 693 Johnston, Col. John, 080 John.ston, Johiil,., 86, 90, 99 Johnston, Sheldon.. 926 Jolly, J. L 64 Jolley, John 64 Jones, .Vugustus 440 Jones, A, B 104 Jones, A. P.... 719 Jones. Mrs. A. D 722 Jones. A T — 847 Jones Brothers 917 Jones, C. B 101 Jones, Chas. H. ..97, 353 Jones, Elizabeth 848 Jones, E. L 360 Jones, Fred A , 85,89,96,106.113,316,355 Jones. Granville 82, 320, 481 668, 790 Jones, G. J 98 Jones, Henry 100 Jones, Humphrey... 486 Jones, Miss Jessie... 116 Jones, John 917 Jones, John Paul 111,361,366,389,6:38 Jones, Joseph :360, :394, 792, 814 Jones, J. C 893 Jones, Lucas 476 Jones, Nathan 882 Jones, Paul 85. 94, 97.:348,.350, 853,366 Jones, S. D.. 315 Jones, Thomas 64 Jones, Wm 98,917 Jones, W. E 401 Jones, W.M 813 Jones, W. W. 85, 90, 91, 223, 234,261, 316, 352, 355, 3.58, 388. :389, 482, 640, 813 Jones & Barker 445 Jordan, H. C :323 Jordan, Jackson 862 Jordan, J. B 358 Jorgen, John 484 Jouett, Chas 64 Jov, Benj. 102. 314, 323, .346, 366, 841, 888, 889, 892, 893 Joy, Mrs. B. F 118 Joy & Webster 460 Jovce. Joseph H 85 Ju'dkins, O. W 389 Judson, C. B 101 JuSson, S. M... 102,895 Judson. W. B 772 Jukes, MarkR 693 Jungblut, Max 384 Just, Fred 351, 484 Just, R. F 690 Justice, James.. 90, 169 K.\AG, George... 933 Kahle, Daniel. 81)6 Kahle, D. A Kahlo, Henry, 359, 361, :391, 734, 803 Kaiser, Louis, 107, 109, :353, 356 Kalapp, H. 800 Kalding, C.F 915 Kale, J. M 100 Kaley, Abram 104 Kaley. David— .842, 8-14 Kail, John 101 Kalrhele. Michael... 100 Kan-tuck-eeguu (In- dian) 657 Karns, Martha 860 Kasler, 103 Kauffman, John, 2(1, 85, 99, 368, 481, 485 Kaufiman, Mrs. John 116 Page. Kaufman, Peter .... M3 Kay, Joseph 101 Kea.s, Wm. C 64 Keck.T. L 418 Kcepui, P. W 857 KceTcr. Mra. Amelia, 907 Keeler, C. G., 385, :3S6, 4:)8, 471 Keeler, Coleman I., 82, 98, 313. 319, 326, :M0 S73 442, 4IH, 660, 772 899, 901,905, !t07, 928 Keeler, Coleman I. Jr. 82 Keeler, Miss Grace.. 412 Keeler, Harriet 693 Keeler, H. W 103 Keeler, Kaljdl 23-1 Keeler, S. II , .351.475,482, 821 Keeley, Birt :!4fi Keen, Viclor, .89, 101,348. 352, 355, 365 Keenan, Joseph 436 Keener. Daniel 849 Keener, A. J 665 Keep, wm 403 Kcesick, James 97 Keetuck-ee (ChieO ■ 63:i Keily, John 481 Keip, U. J 101 Keith, CM 882 Keith. Mrs. J. W.... 663 Keller. Daniel 98 Keller, John 98 Kellev, James H 102 Kelle'y, John 97, 343 Kellev, J. B 671, 773 Kellev, W. 1.224, :361, 422 Kelle'y. Daniel 4.84 Kelly, David 388 Kellogg.Clara Louise, 678 Kellogg, D.W 90 Kellogg, F 905 Kellogg, Harvey. 104, 111, 113, 206, 314, :;22 340, 344, 350, 358, 360 842, 846, 817, 878. 931 Kellogg. Mrs. Harvey 846 Kellogg, J. C 104 KellOfig. Jos. E 322 Kellogg, N.C 119 Kelsey, Aaron L.. 100, 476, 773 Kelsev, Joel W., 8.5,86,87,88,89, 104,316 314, 315, mi, 366. :391, 447 477, 482, 689. 837, 872 Kelsev, Mrs. M. J., 252 203 Kelsey. Porter... 322', 891 Kelso, George 882 Kelso, John 882 Kelso, Samuel 882 Kembar, Harvy 917 Kemble, Joseph 892 Kemme,John 99 Kemme, Jno. G 344, 366 Kemp. James 484 Kendall. John.. 315, 3:18 Ken.lall. Mrs. J 482 Kenny, C 97 Kent, Chas. 85, 93, 94, 104, 156, .'544, :M7, 860, 387 Kent, Mrs. Chas Hi Kent, Elizabeth 867 Kent. PoagA Co.... 474 Kenyon, Erastus 9. Kenyon, James ... 99 Kennedy. C. U 102 Kennedy. C. L. 3.59.301,365 Kennedy, Mrs. Jane 802 Kennedv.J.H. 97,130, 453 Kennedv. Paul :i82 Keopfer, Frank 8i2 Kern, B -.— V;^ Keruine, Gerard 3« Kerr, Jesse 849 Kervis,\Vm 103 Kcssler. John 107 Ketchani, A 100 Ketchani, David. 85, 485 Ketcham, D. P 313 Ketchani, G. H. 390,4,8 Ketcham, Harry.... 618 Ketcham, Henry 83i Ketcham, John B 100, 477, 485, 758 Ketcham, John B. 2d 197 Ketcham, J. C. 100, 436, 090 Ketcham, N. T 455 Page. Ketcham. S. S. IM, 118, 859, 758 Ketchani, V. II. 28, 855, :186, 4.55, 481) 758, (188. 7:):), 809 Ketcham, W. II. :!7, 69:!, 816 Ketcham & Marker. 481 KeUham, S. S.&V.ll. 4-1 Ketlennin, J 18(1 Kettlev, S. S 97 KevI, \Vni 96 Kevser. C. C 485 Ke>>er, W 39(1 Kibbe, ICnist 100. 107. 108, 111, :Ki2 :t,5-l, :vr, Kibbe, Frank W.... (148 Kibbe llenrv W.... 018 Kibbe & Brother.... (H9 Kid., 322. 343, 367, 385. 393, 428 447, 482, 808, 811 Mason, John 101 Mason, Luke 328 Ma.son, M M 315, 8S4 Massey, Thos 358 Massey, Wm 99 Mathews, C 315 Mather, 1). D 832 Mather, 9~ Mather, W. W 11 Mathias, John 100 Mathias, J. F 361 Mathias, L. — 483 Merrell. E %> Mills, .John ^ Morehou.e & Brown- MerrellJj.B 478 MiUs.J.C..., IM lee. Mathias, Lewis 97 Matteel, Chas 100 Matthews, Chauncy, 315, 338 Matthews, Stanley .- 15 Mattimore, John 388 Mattison, C. L :185 Mattocks, Daniel J.96, 107 Mattocks, Mrs. Laura J. 723 Matzinger, Isaac — 873 Mav, Edward 905 Mav, John W... .700, 781 May & Hathaway ... 482 Maver, Bartolome... 416 Maver, G 485 Mayhew, Thos. C, 98, 689, 816 Meacham, J.S 925 Meachison, James H 9-34 Mead, A, B., 103,113,384,348,859,860 861 Mead, Catharine, 320, 323, 861 Mead, C. B 103 Mead, D. S 98 Mead, Xeuphon 859 Meany,Stephen J. 116,640 Medill, Joseph ..643, 650 Medill, Wm 11 Meech, Horace 402 Merrill, Charles 847 Merrill, Chaunceyl00,368 Merrill, I). A 119 Merrill, D.K ..3;, 99,360 .Merrill, Geo. W. 82,83,97,108,221,361,387 Merrill, Hciirv, 92. 97. 361, 387, 689 Merrill, Joseph 100 Merrill, Levine 2.'^i8 Merrill, Maurice — 83 Merrill, N 90 Merrill, Mrs.Naaman 902 Merrill, N.O 90 Jler-ell, Nelson 881 Merrills, Chauncey.. 314 Merrill, Kli -- 878 Merritt, Harriett J.. 848 Merrill, J. L 98 Merritt, Nancv 905 Merritt, Wm. H. 355, 484, 686 Merry, Karl W. . 224. 359 Merry, L E . — 813 Mersereau, Cornelius 892 Mersereau, Henry315,904 Mersereau, P. Y..812, 846 Jlersou, Andrew P.. -361 Mertz, Chas 341,481 Mervin, Denttm 913 Mesh-kee-mah(Indian) 657 Messer, James C. 103, 103, 353. 358,361,689, 863 Messinger, Chas. E. 86. 100, 780 Messinger, Wm. B. 100, 476, 485 Metcalf. Henry 104 Mettler. P. J 360 Metzger, Louisll3, 849,949 Meyer. C.F - 86 Meyer, G.F 98 Meyer, W..H 3.89 Mickens. Peter 905 Middleton, D. C. 3-20. 33.8,913 Midsott, John 101 Milburn, C. F... .787, 788 Miles, George 413 Millard, A. L.... 304,402 Millard, Chas. V 485 Millard, J 315 MiUe,J.S 98 Miller, A 103 Miller, Andrew 104 Miller, A. P. 355, 448, 6:18, 639 Miller, A. s 786 Miller, Barnet 879 Miller, Mrs. Barnet. 879 Miller, C. C...99, 107,317 Miller, Chas.E.342.494,640 Miller, Chas. R. & Co 494 Miller, Chris 41 Milversledt. L Miner. Clias.. Miner, Dan. II, Miner, Mrs. II Miner. J. W 476. 496. 724, 8:17 .... 4S4 60 !l!l, 1 12,485 118 92 Morgan, D. T Morgan, lieo. W... Morgan, James ... Morgan, Micliael.. Morlev, E. Newlaud .341 Moros.s, IVIiTCm, 476 Moross. V.C.& A.... 482 Morrell, 'riios I>61 Morris, I'liirence 224 Morris, C. 1> 722 Morris, I) 91' Morris, John 98, 101 Morris, .Sarah 1. 691 Morris, Tliomius 120 Morris, Wm 4.''4 Morrison, W. C 318 Morris, W. K 819 Morrison. C, B 106 Morrison. Orrin :)87 Morrisi>n. lioberl... 914 Morrison. K. M 61" M,,rrison.T.S. (■...- :)14 Morrow, .lere... .9,11, l.^ .Morrow, Tliomas 9( Morry, M. II. — —- 104 Minor! Timotliv E.. 892 Morse, A. Howard.. 481 ■' Mitch. Johnnie".- 260 Morse. K''»slus, Mitchell.E.- 101 429,H8J.8!). Mitchell, Edward,317,7r3 Morse, Lyman 31 « Mitchell, Jethro.... 773 Mor^e. R. O. -.-..-- ■6 Mitchell J. G... 773, 810 Mortimer, E. l.8i,97, 49o Mitchell, Orrin - :J20 Morton, A Mitchell, O. M... 15, 266 Morion, D. 0„ Mitchell, P 97 Mitchell, R. B. 88.94, 111,113, 355, 478 - — .366 S60 85 90 90 66 Miner, Mrs. S 118 Miner, Salmon 895 Minneker, W. H-.. 390 Minnie, J. A 9i Minnito, 1. II 99 Minor, .Vlexander.. 8li3 Minor. Amos ....315,892 Minor, Francis 345, 365, 660, 8.58. 861 Minor. J. J. „ ,.„ M, 104, .343, :)45, 640, 863 Minor, Joseph 803 Minor, Julia 81>:) Minor, Lewis 863 Minor, Peter :113, :120, 321, 847, &)K. 859. 860,861, 863, 909 Minor. Peter Jr..^.. 8(il ... 97 Mitchell, Wm Moas, N. A — Moe, S. B- Moffett. John Moffett, Jonah Mount. Thos . Momeny, Peter 102 Monahan. P. J 386 Monclly, G. S 104 Monroe, James B 420,47b Monroe, J. V 7:i:! Montgomery, CM.. 649 Montgomery. Levi G 481 Montgomery, Robert 13 Moody, Dwight 844 Moon, John H 94 Moon, P. V 102 Moon, T 99 Mooney, Mrs. Clotil- da B.. 933 Mooney, D. B. 77,314, :522.;i:)S, 341, 384 385, 408, 429, lH2, 0S8, M Morton, Miss Lena . 116 Morton, Lucrctia I'. 694 Morions Whitney.. 481 Mosher, Caleb 867 Moslier, John 315, -MT Mosher, P. C. 320. 323, 338, 889, 8lil Mott, Miss^panj-,!,,, ,^ Mott, Miss Mary S.,,^^^,^^ Mott, Richard, 00. 91. 93, 96, 1», 314 331,337,:»8,:»41,:M .345 347,:J51.360, ;16,.3.3, .186 401, 401,413, 461, 466, 4<1 ^^-^'^^'^ «*'•""■ lil;,tl4 Molt, Mrs. llicbard.. 498 Mott. Samuel 6»7 Mott & Co ;;.-- 481 yl4 ■m, 386, 668, 905 Monlton, Aimer W Moonev J A :143 Mimlton, C. "., Mooney; Mils Lillie. 831 ^, ^ 106, 348, 484, 486. Mooney, Morris N.. 185 Monlton, John Moore, Albert '^^°"""",' v -L.^ -w kk. 8:1, 357, 359, 366, 42% 483 Mount, . . -N .383, /92, 81.> Moore, A. C'. 98 Mount, J. & J. N...- 480 Moore, Chas. A 85 Moyer.N-..-. ------- '" Moore! Dayid...,.„., 97 Mubach, Jobr^Sr... 04 . 86, 689 |]3!'t 882 Meirr, Joseph Markscheffel, R. C. 106 Markscheffel. Wm.86, 485 Marlctt, Mrs. J 723 Marraon, Chris 98 Maroff. Jacob 912 Marot.E 342 Marriott, . Marry, James 98 Marsh, Artemas 92:1 Marsh, A. A 484 Marsh, A. O 97 Marsh, A. H 485 Marsh, Joel 330,905 Marsh, Mrs. O. D... 724 Marsh, Mrs. It 484 Marsh,Mrs. Sarah 879 Marsh, Stephen. :322, 486 Marsh, Wm. O 439 Marsh A Carter 480 Marshall, A. G 820 Marshall, H. C 420 Marston, James, 357, 360, 361, 910, 916 Marston, Mrs. J.B.316.666 Martel, P 96 Meier, Thomas Meigs, R. J... Meilink, Bernard 915 .16, 54 Miller, Fred 9:34 Miller, Fred. R 415 Miller, George... 31,5, :12:i 351,:358!:391.479,'782, 808 Milier-Hcnry .49 60,96,485 Meiiink.Elizaheth E. 093 Miller, John. 104, 10,, OjO Meinert, L. H. 99 98 Meissner, Chas... Meissner, George, 99, 366, .388, 476 Mellay, Timothy B.. 107 Melony, Wm 891 Melony, Wm., Jr.... 892 Melvin. James. -.360, 390 Mennson. Schubcl.. :360 Menard, Peter.- 862 Meng, S. P 100 Menifee, R. P 64 Menter, Michael 321 Merchant, Silas 422 Meredith, A. R 8()0 Meredith, Mary F... 860 Meredith, Sally 860 Meredith, T.B 862 Merickel, L 104 Miller! John, Jr 100 Miller, Joseph 96, 864 Miller, Joseph H.... 90 Miller, J. R 890,476 Miller. O. G 388 Miller, Madison 96 Miller, SamneL. 103, 913 Miller, Sylvester 934 Miller, T. G 413 Miller, Wm 860 Mills, Arthur 10-1 Mills, A. L — 97 Mills, Barnet 103 Mills, David 104, H80, 881, 883 Mills, Mrs. David..- 879 Mills, Darius 319 Mills, D. 455 Mills, H. S 320 Mills, Isaac 463 Moore, John H.. 121,407 Moore, Joseph II 409 Moore, J. V 102 Moore, J. W 64 Moore, Robert 8X2 Moore, Samuel 321 Moore, S.T 100 Moore, Wm. 11. ,107,109,353 Mullen 873. 891. 892 Mnhlenbick. Fred .. 4S(i Mulhany, John 386 MuUiennv, John. %. 120 Mnlhollaiul, John -. 66 Mulholhind, .Samuel Ii61 Mulini.x. G. W :i61 Janice 882 Moore, W. G 642 Moore, W. H 9. Mora, Jared 934 Moran, Michael 90 Morehouse, Miss Alice, 117 Morehouse, L. L., 101,117, 31B, 341,:M2, 350 ;l52,:l(i0. 910, 913.914, 918 Morehouse, Mrs.L.L. 116 Morehouse. Silas 923 Morehouse, MissS K. 117 Morehouse, Rev 915 Morehouse, Wm. 101, 117 Morehouse, Wm. H., 101, 476 .Mulligan. J. A 90 .Mumiord, Wm 328 Mnmiord, W. W .... 470 Munch, Alex 101 Monday, Henry 1«1 Munday, lOdmuiid.. :i09 Mungen, Wm.....343. 347 Mnnson, lCli-870,,-<91,S92 Monson, ICIizabcth.. K67 Mnnson, H. D 3.« Munson. G. W... 641, 870 .Munson, l,cv>... 104.870 Munson, .shubttl 104 Murtcc, J. G 807 MurfeeA Uilles 180 Murk, Antoinc 323 946 INDIVIDUAL INDEX. Murphy, Harmon... 102 Murphy, John B. „ , 87, ;«, J83 Marphy, McKees... 103 Murphy, Roger 38" Jlurphy, Wm. S 334 iMuriihy, Wm ..89, 90 !)9 .Muriihy, Pelt-r&Co. 440 Murray. Daniel, «6i, 847, 900 Murray, J ^^l,^ Murray. .James.. 660, 68S Murray, Patrick.. 8'), 387 Myers. James, 83. 89. 9^, 106, 321, ,33S, 343, 34.5. 350. 365, 367 385, 402. 408. 413, 419 465, LSI, 493, 640, 61)4 Myers, .lames I) . 361 Myers, James W-_88 224 M.vers, Jerome B, ^ ^ , 382,343,365 Myers. John M 643 Myers, J. C Myers, L. D Myers, Mary E . Myers, Samuel Myers, W. J... Myers &Stone Myers & Yates... Page. Page. iSfe^::li ^x^,::-;;^ Sij^-^--:!!— John "^^- Nichols, Wm. s'T" 9.34 Nichols, Erastus 97 Nicholas, H. C 85. 98, 689 Nicholas, Eohert 97 Nicke. X __ 97 NickersoD, D. P__"" 4.3s Niemeyer, Mathies 101 Niles, Henry T no Nitchie, G. H. & Co 92: Osbon, \V. H ; 97 Osborn, Hartwell 86, 123, 787 Oshorn, Henrv C ... 641 Osborn, John M 420 Osborn, John R. 14, 19, 26, 82, 105, 322, 331, 335, 811. 358, 360, 7,415. 639,669.831,917 S? „ ' ' 323,910, 913 - 934 Pettys, Daniel 4S5 . 480 Pezzy, Oeorge 99 - 66 Pfauuer, B 343 - 101 Pflsterer, John " 96 Tj t • 1 • .- „--,--„---- -^^ Phelan, John C 367 Patrick, A. F. & Co.. 446 Phalen Jliehae IM Pa tee. Philo H 481 Pheatt, C. k *"— " .^ Patten. Andrew 878 "' ■ ■- -" Partridge, David.. Partridge, O. M Pasko, A, A ... Patchin, M, A Patrick, S. J . m!M ^ !', ^""'^^ "^' ^*-^ Osborn, Mrs. J. E, Noble, Alonzo ..319 mc \, u, ■ ;-'0°Z0 319 Noble, Chas..362, 371, 407 Noble, Conrad . 848 Noble, C.H.. '" 9^ Noble, Guy C.77, 924, 925 Noble, Lou 860 Noble, O. H 917 Noble, Mrs. O. U ' (iji Noble, Philauder Noel, John Nolen, J. G., ^„ AT "'.11^316,357,387 . 643 Noreross, J. E. 387 479 . - 848 Noreross, J. S "476 -. 389 -. 917 .. 415 877 64 ... 917 105, 106, 252 Osborn, Ralph 89 Osborn, W. E... 224,613 Osgood, F. E 98 Csgood, W. H 360 Ostrand. James P.. 102 Ostrander, W. H. 866,867 O'Sullivan, J. M 391 Oswald, Geo. & Co.. 917 Oswalt, Elizabeth... 818 Otis, LuciusB.. 343, 409 Patten. Harvey s41 Patten, John Ml, 878 Patten, Louis 867 Patten, Miss Nancy. 841 Patten, Wm io"2, 867 Patton, J F ._ 770 Patt rsou, Chas .320 Norris, John un Norris, S. \\ _/Ji "■- M AtllTRAB, J. A 849 ....,.„„, ^ X^ Nadeau,JosephB 65 Norton, C M Nagle.v, John 390 Norton E h"" Napier, Benj. -yo " . .^. n .. Nash, Norman T.. 85, 641 Nashee, George 642 Nason, Samuel... 842 Nason, Samuel N lO' Naugle, George .... 817 Naumann, John 101. 107, 387 Navarre, Alex., XT 66,657,852, 856 hjhuu, .loun u mot Nav arre, Antoiue, 852,856 Norton Walter ' 44b" VA Navarre, Catherine. 852 Norvell, John . . 90 Norns, Thos. D 483 Northrop. J. W 36O Northrup, JoelG.. . 646 Norton, A. Banning 643 .... 101 „ , 261, 3.89 Norton, Galen.. .101, .366 Norton, G. W , 206, 348,.353, 487, 842. 846 Norton, H... _ _ joi Norton, H. C ioi, 107 Norton. J. D.... agi Norton, J. .S., 110, 354. 476, 835 Norton, Miss Jennie 7.35 Norton, John G... 907 Otterbein, Wm Otto. Frank.. Outcalt, J Owen. S. M.. Owens, Pat.. Owens, T. W., 850 99 97 . .. .388 ... 387 PACKARD, C. C. 641 Paddock, F. L. 478 483 100 98 Navarre, Fraucis.... 852 Navarre, James. 657, 856 Navarre, Jaques 852 Navarre, M 101 Navarre, Napoleon.. 66 Navarre, Peter ^. 64, 65, 66, 657, 852, 856 Navarre, E. C. 30, 65, 360, 656, 657 Navaugh, Geo.W. 98 Nearing, Guy fien Neariug, Mars .99,478.770,771,859 Neanng.Neptune 859,861 Nearing, Phidias ... 315 Nearing, Truxton 914 Needel, John 103 Neel, Mrs. Henry 901 Neeley.Mrs. Elizabeth 926 Nedmore. Perrv. 66 Neli; Jacob.../.. 101 Neil, Wm 424 ^43 Neil, Moore & Co ' 424 Neiswauger, Christ 813 Nelson, 1. R.. 96, 349, 8.37 Nelson, Noe 3511 Ness, Jacob.. 103 SfS'.*"^liael 103 ...a..,-,!, c Nesbitt, Andrew. 98, 389 O'Farrell, F Neubert, Henry G 123, 261, 3l"0, 353, 358 Newcomb, Alex. H 97, 116, 381,395,689,809 Newcomb, Eleazer .809 Newcomb, H. A. W 892 Newcomb, John Jay ,, 481, 688 Newcomer, J. K._. 643 Newell. James 882 Newfeldf, Hermau,96, 4S3 Newman, John 485 Newman, W. .S. 9; News Publishing Co 641 Newton, Prances C. 693 Newton, John T ^, 100, 112, 358, 356, 421 Newton, Mrs. J. T.116,831 Newtou. W. H 385 Newton, Joseph 224 Nichol, Charles 104 Nichol, John 104 Niehol, W. H 97 Nichols, F. L. 338. 344, .345, 366, 482, 483,485,535,934 Nichols. Mrs. F. L 116 Nichols, W. H 345 Notage, Wm 883 Noyes, A 374 Noye-s, E. F '223 Nuhfer, Andrew ... 926 Nye, D. H... 482, 689, 770 N.ve. EmmaP.... 694 Nye, E. D., " ,^ 85. 88, 106, 346, 484, 689 N,ve, Mrs. E. D .. ne Nye, Francis L 693 Nye, Joel... 103 OBERGARTEN,A 98 Oberle, John .389 Oberle, Paul.... 101 Oberly, Elias... 8.59 Obllnger, F., J 640 Obhnger &Blakelv.. 619 O'Brien, Morrough 120,351, 485 Obrist, A... . 479 O'Connell, Timothy 322 O Connor, M. C ' 98 O'Connor, Wm 4f4 Men, M. N .359, 365 O Dwyer, Ed.. 3m O'Karrell, Barney... 120 O'Farrell, Bryan 321 120 Paddock, J. H Page. A B Page, J. F. Page, Lewis... ... Page, .Sherman Page, Thos. S.....358, 479 Paige, James S 891 Paine, Chas. C 411 Paine, Edward 881 Paine, E. B .358 Paine, J. G 388, 486 Paine, J. H.. .335 Paine. H. E 89 Payne, Royal 402 Palmer, .Andrew, Pheatt, Gid. K.. 97, 484 Pheatt, I. T. ^, 438, 4.55, 457. 693. 836 Pheatt, Z.C..30, 422.689,7.58 Phelps, C, 648 Phelps. Edwin 351 Phelps, E. H 94 Patterson. c's::::;;: w^ l^^^'$,lf^.^,lm is?. .3.31,670.844 Phelps; C. O 648 Pavey, E gg Phelps John 102 P^yni^. g-B 858 Phelps Orlin 97 ?''^k''a'^-J-^- 82 Phelps, Mrs. Orlin 723 Peabody, W. H...386, 482 Phelps .s S "34 Pearce, John O 914 Phelps. Wm'.T.:::" 103 Pearce.S... 60 Phillip, August 99,486 Pease, Don A. PhUUps, Adelaide. 693 p ,r ^}?' ■"•5. 3.«. 393 Phillips, C. B. Pease,Mi-s.Emma Sib- 86, 89 94 97 108 "24 T>h^''-y-u-ii 252 272, 422, '488,' 675,' 779,' Pease. John U. • , , . , 102, .314. 328. .3.32. 338, Phillips C L 'l04 343, 346, 722, 888, 891,893 Phillies,' Daniei;.":."." IM Pease, Wra.T.4t0.443,4&4 Phillips David..... 856 P.at, John B . 917 phiiUps e. B... 408, 420 Peck, Charles F... 97, 476 Phillihs Gen 1 Prentice,Mrs.Eleanor854 Prentice.Frod .660,713.772 Prentice, Mrs. Fred. 83! Prentice, Joseph. 322, 660, 834, 854, 905 Prentice, Sarah F... 934 Prentice, \Vm...338, 854 Prentiss, Liberty 915 Prentiss, Roval 642 Prescott, Z 328 Preston, David 878 Preston, F. W -. 437 Preston, Ira 878 Pre-'ton, John 878 Preston, S. & C. A., 641, 643 Preston, Wm 926 Price, Daniel S..-85, 482 Price, J. C 831 Prigyzer, Wm 314 Printup, Andrew, 102, 314, 340, 889, 991 Page. Kakestraw, Yarnell 103, 111, 113 Ralston, A 757,829 Kttlyale, John 924 Itampus, J 21 Itamsay, C. S 315 Ramsey. Lewns 818 Ramsey. Wm 91 Ramsdell, W. 1) 98 Rancho, .Joseph. ... 101 Randall, G. (i 98 Randall. Miles 320 Kanney, D. R 76 Rannev, Richardson & Co 925 Ranno, Charles 100 Ransom, .Tedediah.. 454 RaTisom, Joua. 11 408 Ransom, Judah W.. 440 Ransom & Randolph 641 Ransom, Loander... 41B Rapp, B. F 867 Rappe, Armedeus... 872 Rappleyee, I.ydia... 872 Rathbun, Benj 371 Rathbun, Mrs M... 116 Rathbun, N'athan, 315, 320, 328, 925 Rathbun, E. P. 102, 328, 926 Rattle, Samuel 494 Raum, Greene B 653 Rausche, E. V. E.... 641 Rawle, Wm.... 100, 425 Rawles, J.-.. 374 Rawsou, LaQ 90 Raymer, Charles 100 Raymer, James 100, 113, 353, 387. .389 Raymer, Marauia E 694 Raymer, Stephen... 101 Raymer & Skidmore 485 Raymond. Elizabeth 693 Raymond, Miss E. J. 116, 734 Raymond, E. P. 390, 391 Raymond. J. M 694 Raymond, Miss Maria 117 Pagr. Reed, Truman. ...371, WW Reed, Wealthy 915 Reed, Wesley 914 Rceil, Wm. H IH8 Reed, W. 11. A 3«) Hceii ,<; lldsmer 925 Reed.S. R. & Alex.. 474 Recs, II. 1 411 Reeve, Nalhan, 91, 106, 176, 486, 772 Regenold, Andrew, 97.3, .S«l Reichart. George 97 Reid,.Tiicob Ki Reid, J. c ni; Reid. J. 1) 471 Reidemeisler, Otto, 98, :i48 Page. Kiebel, Charles 100 101 738 in 485 4.15 Roider, J Relgert, Wra.. . Reillv,.rere Reippel, G. 11.,... Reomer, Jacob... Renjard, J. C Reno, A. B - Renthinger, John C. 913 . 892 476 81 389 98 100 8.52 a56 118 Printup J ..... 3.38 Raymond. Philander 373 Prior, Hugo 643 Raymond,_S._ A Poulard, John Powell, Jos -. Powers, Alanson . Powers, George ,. Powers, G F Powers, Henry G Po\vers, J. P Powers, Wm. G 913 361 76 932 454 694 360 85, 474 Prouty, David 623 Proutv, D. D 844 Puck, J. H 362, 776 Pugh, Geo. E 356 Pugh, H. D 85, 486 Pugh, W B 83, 609 Puller, B. J 66 Puree, John C 913 Purcell. J. B 860 Purdun, David, 876, 877, 881 Purdv, J. C 388 PurdV, J. H. 643 Purdy, Mack 934 Putnam, E. Putnam, H. C. Putz, J. M 98 480 860 478 Powers, Wm. G & Co 494 Powesland.MissAnna 119 Powesland, George.. 3'28 Powesland, Wm 103 Pratt, Amos, 438, 454, 470, 660, 923 Pratt, A. M 91,357 Pratt, Albert 860 Pratt. Charles, 85, 89, 98, 106. 112, 318. 387. 689, 724 Pratt, Edward 101 Pratt, E.B 86 Pratt, Hiram .373 Pratt, Irviu 860 Pratt, James 471 Pratt, James W 91 Pratt, John 97 Pratt, J. L 360,484 Pratt, P. P 99 Pratt, R. B 86 Pratt, Sophia 693 Pratt, Wm 439 Pray, Alice 916 Pray, Ambrose 914 Prav, Archibald 914 Pray, Caroline 919 Pray, Mrs. Dr 117 Pray, Hannah 915 Pray, James F 94 Pray, James R 919 QUAYLE, F. N. Quiggle, Francis 101, 350 Quiggle, R. 0. 103, 107, 361, 367 Quigley, M 99 t^uigley, Patrick. 94. 351 Quiglev. Thos .350 Quiun, F. J 479 Quinn, John 353 Quinn, Joseph 64 Quinsberry, Roger.. 60 Quisins, Basil 905 RAAB, Lucas, 356, .366, 873 Raab, Peter 104 Rabiueau, A. A 82 Rabit, Mike 98 Radcliff, T 97 Radclill, Thos 363 Riidway, L 32:3 Riiffensperger, E. B. 93, 93, 123, 261 Raffensperger, Mrs. E. B 116 Ragan, Mary 934 Ra|in, L 98 Raisenger. Anton... 485 Raitz, Fred 97,389 Raitz, Robert 390 Rake, H.J—- 97 Bakestraw. F. M 905 Rakestraw, John 350 Bakestraw, Joseph.. 913 85, 96, 106, 116, 317, 346 366, 476, 483, 486, 640. 676, 734, 812, 813 Raymond, Wm. H 99, 349, 385, 422, 4S7, 075; 809 Raymond ALyude.. .373 Rayner, J. A 481 Raynor.W. C 99 Read, C. E 485 Read, Joel 2a5. 489 Read, Sam. S.. 85, 97, 133, 360, 482 Read & Thompson . . 474 Reager, Andrew 895 Redding, Amos 102 Redding, Geo, 326 Redding, John 486 Redding, Phillip. — 4.85 Redding. P. H 97 Reddington, R. 99 Reed, Abram P 914 Reed, Alex., 85, 89, 96, 317, 360, 353 366,422, 638, 812 Reed, Mrs. Alex 116 Reed, Almon ....371, 439 Reed, Amos S 439 Reed, .\nson 847 Reed, Chas. H., 97, 99, 102, 643 Reed,Elias — 102 Reed, Elizabeth 915 Reed, Fanny 915 Reed, Frederick 914 Reed, George 117 Reed, Georgiana 684 Reed, Geo. F 948 Reed, Henry, ' 31, 76,77, 98, 320,043, 920 Reed, Henry. Jr., 315,346,637,611,719,915 025 Eeed, Horace 642 Reed, H J 103 Reed, Isaac N.... 103, 497 Reed, Mrs. -Maria — 84( Reed, Richard 101 Reed, S. M 477 Reed, S.R.... 386, 809, 914 Reed, MissTt-mpie.. 735 Reed, Temperance.- 915 Reed, Thomas 101 Restor, John 102 Ressean, John B 16 Kessigne, R- 92-t Renben, John 882 Rew, Fred. A., 313. .120, 322, 924 Reynolds, Amos, 101, 822 Reynolds, C. L-- 477, 496 Reynolds, Emery-.. 934 Reynolds, E.P 90 Reynolds, FredJ.... 478 Reynolds, G W. 65.90. 101, 31.9,317, .344 354, 360. 363, 366, 367, 408, 465. 907. 926 Reynolds, Mrs. G. W 116 Reynolds, G. W., Jr. 101 Reynolds, J 1U7 Reynolds, Jeremiah 843 Reynolds, Madison. 328 Reynolds, M. S 917 Reynolds. R. N 101 Reynolds, S. C..472(/, 477 Reynolds. W. R 477 Rcznor, Wm. P.. 437, 637 Rbincbarger, J. V 103 Rhodes, C. L 420 Rhodes, David 924 Rhodes, G. W 374 Rhoades, E. H 649 Rboades, Florence.. 684 Rhodes, J 101 Rice, .A.mbrose.. 8.52,926 Rice, A. V -. .3.53 Rice, Elijah.... 891, 893 Rice, Gideon 870 Rice, L. L 643 Rice, P. H 388 Rich, Geo. H, 310, .331,384,480,758 Rich, S 1> 640 Richards, Albert E. 648 Ricliards, C 101 Richards, Charles... 915 Richards, E. G 768 Richards, Henry C. 104 Richards, R. E. 104, 118, 727 Richards, Wm.. 103, 118 Richards, Mrs. VV... Ill Richards, W. li. 103, 476, 483, 089 Richarrls, .Mrs. W. R. 117 Richardson, A. D--. 268 Richardson, Ellas... 4:10 Richardson, Geo. 76, .340 Richardson, G. F ... 96 Richardson, G. 11.96,476 Richardson, G.W... 925 Richardson, Isaac,6(iO,910 Richardson, Mark.. 101 Richardson, N. .\ 867 Richardson, T. B.... 96 Richardson, W. M. :S28, :131. 932 Richardson, W. X. 385,757,808,814 Richie. J. J 8!I4 Richmond, Thos.... 411 liichter, Julius 108 Kickards, Linila 723 Ricketl-, Josephus 8.58, 860 Rideout, Isaac 100 Hideout. James 8.55 Ridenour, W. T. :i88, 425 Rider, John iW RIebel.I.ouls Rlehberg, William. Kigby, KM Hike*. Hubbard — Itilcy. .lames Rilev. .losiah, 91." 100, .345, 483, 040, 654 H18 Riley, J. W ;MI Rilev. Wilshire...34:). Il4(i RiUv, Wm. .M 486 RiniiMI 99 Kinaldl, l'°< rdlnand. 102 Kiiiglikcr, Henry . RiplfV, Curtis Ripley, K. C Rililev, Stephen Rilchic. It. V 8.58 Ritchie, J. J 102 Ritchie, J. .M., lot-, .351. 3.55, 360.361, 388 Ritter, Abrara 3T2 Roach, Alvin 103 Roach A.J 108 Roach. James 103 Roach, James, J r 103 Roach, Levi 103, 862 Roach, R. C 802 Roach, R. F 108 Roach, S. G 888 lioach,S, S 8BS Hohbins, Charles.... 1)18 Rolibins, L'nniel, Jr., 315, ■■mi, 913 Robbins, Daniel, .315, 912, 914 Robbins, George.-. 913 Robbins, Rind 101 Robbins, Wm 913 Itobcrls, Aden A 102 Robirts, liyron 100 l{ul)crts, Cnauncy... 653 Roberts, C. E 100 Roberts, C. R _ 849 Hobcrls, F. J 867 Roberts, Henry H... 102 Rohcrls, Israel 96 Roberts, L. H 100 Roberts, N. II 98 R.iberts, Robert A., 101, Robertson, Wm..l01, Roberts. W. F Robison. David. Jr. Robison, .1. P Robisou, Lyman .,. Robinson, A. R Robinson, Cains C. . Robinson, Chas Robinson. Geo Robinson, Geo. W Robinson, James G. 6.*4 Robinson, J. P 842 Robinson, J. S 415 Robinson, Moses 9:)2 Robinson, Noble 81 Robinson, W. W 4,S2 Roby, C 71 RobV C. C 41.3,455 Rockwell, Geo 429 Rockwell, J. M 482 Rockwood, Israel... 870 Rodd. David 101 Rod.l, Samuel ICS Rodebangh, (i. W... 486 Rodgcrs, Gilbert, Jr. Rocmer, J Roemer, Jacob. ..485, Kocsbert. H Roir, (Jhas. li., 85, 96, 388, 482, 485, 089 766 RolT, OrieM 648 Roll, Wm., 85. 96, 116, .351,476, 495 766 Roll; Mrs. Wm 116 Rogers, Alonzo, 97, 106. .3.53, 387, 814 Rogers, A. II 820 Rogers, C. C 689 Rogers, Delia 840 Rogers, Geo.K. 97, 111, 892 Rogei-s. Gilbert 819 Rogers, (iilbert, Jr.. 85 Rogof-s, .Mrs. Hannah 820 Rogers, Harriet 881 Rogers, James 73-3 Rogers, Jedediah 458 Rogers, Marv L 820 Rogers, Mrs. Nellie.. 252 Rogers, S 81B , 112 107 100 . a3i .'.. 847 , 768 . 824 40O . ;i9i 480 85 176 771 98 948 INDIVIDUAL INDEX. Page. Rogers Jk Lyman ... 485 Rohrbossy, M 104 Rolland. G. H 477 Rolph. Joseph 103 Romeis, Jacob, 201,360,363, 389,394 Romeis, J. C 359 Rood. A. E 476, 724 Rood, E. A 7026 Rood, Gilbert F 689 Roonev, T 97 Roop, Joseph. 321, 328,891 Roop, Svlvania 902 Root, John- 66 Root, Lvman.. 865 Root, Simon T 91 Ropel , Watson 99 Roposs, J 101 Rorick, J. C 361 Roscoe. Levi 882 Roshoug, Lavina 693 Roshong, S. B 112 Ross, Elbert D 497 Ross, E. L 485 Ross, E. O _. 98 Ross, James W— 346, 653 Ross, John &4 Rossenet, J. C 66 Rough, Thomas .100 Roulet, F. G 360 Rouse, B. W. 97, 116, 357, 386 Rouse, Lucius C 934 Rowan, John 374 Rowe, Chas. M 665 Rowe,|John P_ 664 Rowe, L. E 846 Eowo, Mrs. .Sarah 664 Rowcn, Edward 924 Rowland, T. C ..773,811 Eowsey, C. A ; 99. 351 Rowsey, Thos 86, 96 Eoyce, Chas. H. 477 Royee, Elijah 315 Royes, Albert _ 353 Roys, Erastns 769 Eoys, Enistus & Co.. 481 Kuchel, Philip 107 Rudd, H ___ 482 Rudolph, Chris 101 Rudolph. Robert 486 Rudulph. J. R 661 Rudulph, T. K 661 Ruggles, Daniel W. . 485 Ruggle^, Levi 99 Rumney, Richardson & Co 924 Eumsey, Alfred.. 878, 879 Rumsey, Lewis 879 Eumsey, Philo 482 Rundall, C. S. A 482 Eundell, W. .\ 477 Runyon, W. L 924 Rupel, Tarylaze M.B 103 Euppel, Conrad 96 Russell, James. ..388, 389 Russell, John 348 Russell, J. B 100 Russell, George 882 Russell, Thomas, 104, 107, 882, 907 Russell, R. F. 100. 479, 689, 797 Russell, Samuel 861 Russell, Susan A 693 Russell, Warren.. 89, 346 Ruther, Benj 99 Rutherford. A 97 Rutherford, A. H 98 Eutter. Emil 817 Ryan, Charle.s 103 Ryan, G. H joo Ryan, John, 357, 362, 366, 367, 917,918 Ryan, O. W 9Is Ryan, Wm 100 Rycrott, .ilice D 503 Ryder, B G. H 103 Ryder, C. H. 338, 341, 480, 693 R.vder, John 911, 99 ^ABIN, Thomas, O 879, 881, 882 .Sabin. C'apt. Wm... 448 Saokett. G. A gag Sackett. J. G 340, 342 Sage, Dennis. 875,877,878, Sage, Mrs. Sarah 879 Sage, T. W 875,879 Salisbury, Solomon „ ,. . „ 849; 878 Salisbury, Warner.. 102 Page. Sallis, John 486 Salmon, Cross 913 Salshury, Russell 856 Salsburv, Samuel 878 Saltonstall, D. G. 97, 474, 496 Sampson, H. S 485 Sampson. S. C... 98, 483 Samseu, Henry M... 96 Sander, Jacob _ 102 Sanders, Plinv 867 Sanderson, A. D. 866. 8'i7 Sanderson, David... 865 Sanderson, Douglass 805 Sanderson, Henry... 867 Sanderson, Jonathan 865 Sanderson, M. P 104 Sanderson, Pliny... .340 Sanderson. Wm . 865 Sanfleet, J. V 773 Sanford, C. M 98 Sanson, Nicholas... 26 Santonr, Francis 65 Saiber, Thomas 99 •Sargent. Edward P.. 914 Sargent, H. L 97 Sargent, John 76 Sargent, J. H. 408, 924, 925, 928 Sargent. S. A. 328. 870, 924, 925, 928, 932 Sargent, S. A. & J. H 440 Saulsbury. Solomon 315 Saulspaugh. Daniel. 913 Sawyer, C. H... 359, 389 Sawyer, Ed 361 Sawver, Stephen .337 Sawyer, Theo. 86, 161, 262 Sawver. Thos 86 Sawyer, R 104 Sawyer, Wm 841, 343 Saxon, Henry 891 Saxton. Horace 386 Saxton, John 642 Saxton, Joshua 643 .Saxton, W. S 916 Sayler, Matthew 100 Sazenby, A 97 Seeazan, W _. 96 Sehad, Fred 96 SchafTer, Ludwig... 882 Sehaffer, .S. D _ 484 Sehaning, Just F... 484 Sehansenbach, A... 100 Sehansenbaeh, Wm. 30 Scheets, George, 263, 388,391,765 Scheigeiser, Fred 98 Schenck, C. C 386, 689 Schenck, R. C 447 Schenck, S. C. 389,437,797 Schenck, Wm.. 326, .328 Page. Scott, Chester 881, 883 Scott, C. A 101 Scott, Chas. B., 89, 90, 100, 677 Scott. Chas. I.. 85. 338, 343, 345, 639, 881 Scott, D. B., .360, 667, 924, 925 Scott, Mrs. D. B . 116 Scott, Mrs. E. J... 723 Seott, Frank J.. 85, 93, 96, 387, 391, 651 830, 907 Seott, Mrs. F, J 116 Scott, Geo. W., 367. 413, 917, 924 Scott. Harriet 667 Scott. Isaiah 483 Scott, Joel 881 Seott. John... 267 Scott, Joseph.. 867 Scotr. J. .\uslin, 96, 106, 110, 315, ;350, 6.37 669, 672, 711, 924 Scott, Mrs. J. Austin 116 Seott, Julias 677 Seott, Jessup W., 109,314, 315, 342, .391, 413 429.463.482,637,650, 663 666 Seott, Jessup W., 2d, 677, 690 Scott, Maurice A., 391,415,436,651,677,689 Scott. Mary J 693 Scott, May Elizabeth 677 Scott. Marion L 682 Scott, N. C 894 Seott, Persis 881 Scott, Peter 98 Scott. Philo B., 313,315, 334, 881, 882, 883 917 Scott, Mrs. R. A 119 Scott, Rufus 881 .Scott. E. C "881 Scott, R. K... 90, 99, 788 Scott, Samuel B., 93, .331, 3.S6, 401,413, 455 475,682,757, 808 388 Schenck, W. C 370 Schiller, Frtd 100 Schilling, Conrad... .388 Schipper, G. M .323 Scirman. Wm 101 Schlatter. Melchior. 882 Schlingman. H. A... SJO Schmelzfennig, C. H. 96 Schmidt, Fred _ 486 Schmidt, Henry 917 Schmidt, Phillip 497 Sehmitz. Nicholas.. 873 Sehmocker, F. A 689 Schneider, Geo.. .649, 905 Schnetzler. Marcus.. 353 Schoenacker, Michael, 368 Sehon, Carl 389, 811 Schoolcraft, H. E 69 Schomburg, E. L.. . 496 Schoultz. von Shol- teusky ...79, 80 Schrader, Wm 90 Schraffenbergi r, Daniel, 82 Schrempf. C. W 486 Schrooder, C. H 479 Sehroeter, O .389, 768 Schuck. J. M 905 Sehuerman, J. F 816 Sehultz, J. E 390 Sehuuiaker, John... 368 Schwartz, Christian. .320 Schwartz, Henrv 100 Schwartz, John 932 Seolield, J. H 102 Seolton. John _ 924 Scott. Albert E 89, 682 Scott, Amelia 693 Scott, A. W 417, 733 Scott, Charles 86 .33 111,113, .881 Jr 881 693 Scott, S. P. .Scott, W.... .Scott, Wm.. Scott, W. A., 90, 107, 108 Scott, W. A., Scott, Wm. C....482, Scott. Wm. H., 389,391,422.496. 651,7.31 .Scribuer, C, H 891 Scribner, Ed. 51 648 Seribner. Harvev 391 Seaman, I. K...". 387. 427 Seagrave, A. R 423 .Seagrave, F. E 42;3 Seaman, Robert... . 427 Search, A. W.. 640 .Searing, Samuel, 313 319,445,924 Sechsler, .Augustus.. 98 Secor, A. !■' 758 Secor, George 758 Secor, James, 85, 100, 224, 478, 485,496, 768 Secor, Mrs. James... 831 Secor, J. K. 85. 388, 476, 485, 494,758, 808, 8:^1 Secor, Thomas 903 Secor. Mrs. Thomas 118 Seek. L. J 97, .390 Seeley, AndrcwJ 349 .Seely, Wm ij92 Seft'ert. Jacob 934 Segur, Dan, 82, 85, 337, 3.39, 342, .366. 385,391,4(^0,670,68.5,688, 814, 818 Segur, Erick M 320 Segur, Mrs. Rosa L. .359, 731, 7.32 Seiter, Joseph 484 Seitz. John 361 Sekwest, Frank 98 Selkirk, George O ... 653 Seiner. R & Co 641 Semans, John B 641 .Septom. Minor 881 Sergeant. E. D 913 Severance, J. A 474 Sevin, C. H 96 Page. 883 Seward, Mrs. Carrie W 653 Sexton, Miss Abbie. 176 Se-xton, O., Jr 91 Seyler, Matthias ..98, 485 Seymour. Ira 876 Seymour, Sophia ... 876 Shaeppel. Robert 102 Shafler, Jlrs. John .. 880 Shafter, Matthias ... 486 Shaffer, Morgan .359 Shaffer, Wm 64,66 Shaler, Charles 301 Shamburger, D. W.. 107 .Shannon, J. .i ....3.52. 915 Shannon, Wilson 340 Shapine, George 66 Shattock, Nelson E.. 102 Shattuck, I. n 476 Shaw, Clarissa 720 Shaw, C. D 666,667 Shaw. C. G. 340, 366, 368. E85, 665, Shaw, D. C 391 Shaw, E. C 224, 497, 690, 768 Shaw, James.. 360 Shaw, Peter H. 315, 340, 351, 385, 393, 43", 668. 792, 814 Shaw, Richard 913 .Shaw A Kella 480 Shay, John 99 Sheam . Jonah 66 Shear, A 21 Sheehy. Roger 48, 389 Shehan, Dennis 389 Sheffield. Wm ,340, 360 Shelby, Isaac 60 Shelder, Eli 913 Sheldon, H. O 670. 841 Sheldon, Tfmothy... 96 Shelley, E.P 98 Shelby, S. V 788 Shepard, James 826 Shepard, J. D __ 401, 481 Shepard, J. F. 77, 360, 925 Sheplar, Abraham 315, 445, 881, 882 Shepler, John 883 Sherman, H. B 819 Sherman, John.. 15.345 Sherman.W. T. li, 15, 223 Sherwood, J. C 882 Sherwood. I. R. 90, 94, 199. 224, 347, 359. 371, 432, 640, 641, 689 Sherwood. Mrs. K. B. 226, 251.261, 041, 650 .Sherwood, W. W. 96,485 Sheridan, P. H 233 .Shester, A. A 883 Shields, Henry 102 Shields, Michael 315 Shields. Patrick 861 Shipman, George... 9,t Shipman, E. A 436 Shipperd, J.J 423 Shipperd. Theo. F.. 423 Shoemaker, Chas. .359, 916 Shoemaker, Chas. W. 366, 916 Shoemaker, Fred. B. 90, 110, 324, 389, 477, 495, 773 Stioemaker. John... 107 Shoemaker.Miss Kate 116 Sibley, Samuel 480 Sibley, Wm.... 319. 899 Shoemaker, Matthew 85,89.94, 110, 111, 387. 476, 495, 773 Shoemaker, Matt. Jr. 478 Shoemaker, M. V... 916 Shoemaker, R. M. 457 495 Shoemaker, Thos. .348,913 Sholes, Reuben H.. 97 Shonaoker, M._ 3.J.3 Short, Theophilus.. 328 Showier, James 905 Showier. John,. 102, 892 Shrader, Wm 90 Sickles, P. E __. 4-30 Siebert, Fred 486 Sidley, Chas 484 Silliman, Wyillis 637 Silvers, Isaac 877, 924 Simpson, G 374 Sinclair, Ann 694 Sinclair, Charles 130 Sinclair, John, 85, 96. 110. 351, .354, 387, 476, 480. 4.83. 485, 684, 689 Sinclair, Mrs. John. ^. , 116. 119 Sinclair, Joseph 935 Sinclair, Samuel 694 Singer, G gs Singer, Mary E. 916, 920 Sissou, Miss Fanny.. 116 .Site, Sebastian..."... 873 Sizer, Miss Louise.. 7.34 Sizer, Wm. S. 82, 483, 816 Skidmore, L. M. 98, 388, 476 Skidmore. E. I. 100, 357, 689, 787 Skilton, A. S 224 Skinner, Alan.son 689. Skinner, E. E..30. 85, 165 Skinner, George 94 Skoen, James W 81 Sladden, Frank... 99 Slade, A. T... 189 Sleath, John 81 Slevin, Josephine W. 693, 813 Slevin, P. S... 90, 226, 484 Slevin. Mrs. P. S 722 Sloan, Sidney C 671 Slop, .lohn 98 Sluts, Jerry. __ 882 Sly, Mrs. Marv 117 Smead, Benj. F 641 Smead, I. D 790 Smiley, E. B 648 Smiley, F. .M 99 Smiley, Samuel 97 Smith, A _ 101 .Smith, Alonzo... 100,486 Smith, A. H 98 Smith, B 102 Smith, Barton.. 358, -391 Smith, C._ 42 Smith, Calvin.315,383,881 Smith. Charles 81 Smith, Crawford 103 Smith, David, 97, 103. 110,338,351,389, 476, 486. 605, 772, 797 Smith. Mrs. David, 116,252 Smith, D. B. 82,93,96,106,110,384,441, 471. 472«, 474, 688, 781 Smith, Mrs. D. B 831 Smith, Ephraim 81 Smith, E. A 97 Smith, Ed. C. 10. 8.5, 111, 3.50, 367 Smith, Mrs. E. M 116 Smith, E. N. 118,899,903,908 Smith,Miss Florence 606 Smith, Francis 864 Smith, Frank J 97 Smith, George B 648 .Smith, Hiram.328,891, 892 Smith, Hiram U 326 Smith, Howard M... 606 Smith, Huldah 902 Smith, H H 328 Smith, H. M 773 Smith, H. T. 85, 92, 341, 037, 641 .Smith, II. W 98 Smith, Mrs. H. W... 722 Smith, Ira 818 Smith, I. C. 480, 892 Smith, Isaac S... 373, 405 .Smith, J 100 .Smith, Jacob ... 103, 905 Smith, John 9, 101 Shuck, .J. P .3.57 Smith, Jona 361,479 ShuU. John 98, WO Smith, J. Dana.97,463,681 i Shnltz. Mendall 101 Shnmaker, JI 341 Shurtz, Andrew 97, 343. 354, 387, 485, 684, 689, 816, 8-37 Sibley. C. H. W 483 Sibley, Emma D 253 Sibley, M. K 694 Sibley, Eebecca .320 ■Smith, Joseph... 102, 864 Smith. J. F... 76.933 Smith, James L. 97, 350. 352,354,360,486,830 Smith, James M 420 Smith, J. P 100 Smith, J. R 867 Smith, J. W.83, 90,260,470 Smith, L 100 INDIVIDUAL INDEX. 949 Page. Smith, L. H — - 803 Smith, L. P. .100, 103, 260 Smith, MaryS 693 Smith, Milo 102 Smith, Milton 089 Smith, Nancv 893 Smith, Hov. N.S.— 331 Smith, Orin 101 Smith, Owen 934 Smith, O. C 97,688 Smith, P-98, 342, 474, 898 Smith, Richard 6oO Smith, Robert 893 Smith, Robert W., 8S, 96, 78fl Smith, Salome 867 Smith, Mrs. Sarah H. 694 Smith, S. S 916 Smith, Thomas. .350, 643 Smith, Thomas B., 98, .327, 350, 480 Smith, Willard -337, 4S0 Smith, William. .101, .322 Smith, Wm. H., 388, 476, 494, 689 Smith, Wm. H. H., .SB, 353, 478, 690, 772, 773 Smith, Wm. L 327 Smith, Wm. N 914 Smith, Wm. T 913 Smith, Zebina 867 Smith, Chamberlin 4. Co 446 Smith & Co 925 Smith & Crowell 925 Smith & Hazard 465 Smith it M.acy 403 Smith &• Na'ih 48:i Smith, W.H.H. &Co. 368 Smyth, Anson 720 Snell, Levi. 82, 66, 360, 688. 771 Snell. W. H.. 224 Snell & Cornell 480 Snetzler, Marcus -366 Snodgrass, S. M 344 Snow, B. F — 337 Snow, James.- 96 Snow, James F 100 Snvder, David S 891 Snyder, Geo .- 486 Snyder, John 913 Snvder, .T,W & Co.. 4S0 Snvder, Sherwood .. 892 Snvder, Wm..V 98 Sonlier, John 103 Soper, Charles H 97 Sonth, Benjamin ... 891 Southworth, E. L., 478.. 730. 905 Southard,James,319, 905 Southard, Jane, 367, 693, 720 Southard, J. H .363 Southard, J. T.97.112,365 Southard, Samuel. 97,322 Southard, Sarah G.. 720 .Southard, Thos., ,89, 98 319, 486, 685 Southard. Thos. J... 478 Soutliard, W. H 907 Spafford, .\mos 663 SpafTord, .\urora, .3.34, 371, 663 SnafTord, B.. 69.3,821 Spatford, James M., 445, 821 Spafford, Samuel, 660, 729, 873 Spafford, Lawrence &Co 446 Spahn, Henry - 98 Spain, J. H 390 Spangler, Jacob 101, 930. 924. 926 Spangle, Hospnna... 924 Spaulding, A 368 Spaiilding, Geo 91 Spaulding,S 926 Spaulding, Volney, 329, 400 Spear, C.H 99 Spear, IraH.... 649,689 Spear, Johnson & Co. 649 Speas, Wm 484 Specks, John 98 Speed. J. J., Jr 4.32 Spencer, C. L.. 4.8:) Spencer. E. S. 420 Spencer, Geo. 85,99,471,781 Spencer, Joseph M. 477, 495 Page. .Spencer, John 338 Spencer, Rev. Uriel 321. .3.38, .366 Spencer* Moore. 924, 925 Sperling, Charles S.. 891 Spever, J. A 98 Spicer, G. B 480, 788 Spiccr, J. C 917 Spielbush, Henry 361, 389, 817 Spink, J. C. 3:!3, 408. 4,38, 843. 844 Spink, Shibnah 440 Spitzer. .'V. L 497 Spitzer, CM 497 Spitzer & Co 497 Spragne, Chas 612 Sprague, Chas. D... IIM Sprague, C. O 867 Sprague, E. P fi89 Sprague H. C 773 Sprague, John W... aoii Sprague, Maria 867 Sprague, S. S., 340. 344, 346, 386 Springer, Stephen J. 344, 346, 366, 380 Springsted, David.— Iffi Spruss, .\ 99 Squire, Abiram H.. 934 Squire, Joab 387 St. John, D. B 403 St. .lohn. K. () 649 St. John, Wm.. .388, 423 .St. John Printing House 649 Stabler, M.. 99 Stacy, NobleC 97 Stair, Wm 314, 32;J Stallis, John 96 Stamant. Napoleon. 773 Stamp, W. K. 867 Stanberry, Henry... 15 Stanberry, Jos 348 Standiff, C- 100 Standart, Chas. 471 Strandart, Mrs. Geo. H. 668 .Standart, H. D 387 Standart, H. G 1189 .Standart. S. H 733 Standart, W. E 360 Stanford. Henry 348 Stanton, Benj 15 Stanton, Mrs. E. C. 498, 731 Starkweather, H.... 101 Starr, Chas. C... 86, 107 Starr, R 407 Starr, Rowland 733 St. Clair, Arth\irll,14, 49 St. Clair, Wm... 315,934 Stebbins.A.T. 389,641, 869 Stebbius, A. V. 85, 98, 345, 429, 662 Stebbins, Mrs. A. v.. 389 Stebbius, Charles... 934 Stebbins, Chas. M... 432 Stebbins, D. R 443 Stebbins, George. 98, 485 Stebbins, Henry S— 422 Stebbins, J. N 326 Stebbins, Mrs. L.... 917 Stebbins, Mrs. M.... 731 Stebbius, Rial.. 913,914 Stebbins, S 361 .Stebbins, Wolcolt.— 328 Steedman, J. B. 15,85, 86, 87, 220, 254, 272, 338, .340, :M:i,345,350, 358, 359, 446, 448, 683,914 Steedman, S. H..348, 446 Steele. A 86 Steele, .\nua 848 Steele, Dcnison, :)45, .365, 386. 476, 811, 813, i)25, 932 Steele, Mrs. Denison. 831 Steele, Hiram, 320, 445, 719, 924 Steele, II. K. 331 Steele, Hiram R..491, 924 Steele, J. M 69 Sti'ele, Wm 476 stciwig, Samtiel 924 Steiner, J. J 90 Steiner, John L 90 Slellings, Edward... 90 Stem, Leander 90 Stephan, Andrew, 93, 100, 106,348, 35t,;»7, 47B, 813 .Stephenson, B. F...- 234 Page. Stephenson, Ocorse. 307 Sterling, Seneca E .. 345 Stern, r,e!iuder 90 Stetter. George 388 Stettiner, Sam X>9 Stevens, Benj. A.47!l, 787 Stevens, Charles I.. . . 483 Stevens, Charles N. 89, 90, 108 Stevens, Fred. H.... 4;)2 Stevens, Gilbert 916 Stevens, H. K .387 Stevens, Mrs. Harriet N 694 Stevens, John.. 83, 95,476 .Stevens, J.N.-. 99,485 Stevens, Mrs. J. N... 831 Steven-s. Oliver, 331. 393, 667, 670. 696, 772, 854. 855, 857 Stevens, Oliver P..32J, 480 Stevi'ns, Nichols .iCo 486 Stevenson, Math. D . 486 Stewart, E. E 90. 389 Stewart, G. T. . 638, 1)40. 651,6,54 ■Stewart, N. M 843 Stewart, Robert 407 Stewart, Thos. C. 85, 96, 109, .349, .385 Stickney, B. F. 31, 32, 328. :M0, 344, 353, 660, 661, 899, 901 Sticknev, Two... 3CM, 331 Stile.>i. .lames M 102 Stiles, ilieliard 320 Stillwell, Elisha 905 Stillman, II. B 310 Stine, D. L 810 Stine. John tV4 Stock, Edward J. 477, 478 Stocking,/. S 482 Stoddard, L. P 81 Stollyer, Jacob 101 Stoker, John 917 Stone, .^masa, Jr ... 402 Stone, E. M 844 Stone, Jesse 843 Stone, Walter F 515 Stone, W. H 470 Stoors, E. A 480 Stough, Solomon ... 690 Stover. Michael 878 Stow, Dwight F. 328,481,680, 891 Stow, T. A 6,50 Stowe, Amos-. 320, 323..326 Stowe, Oscar 103 Stowe, R - ... 100 Stowe, R. W.... 668 Stowell, H. C... 315 Stowell. Mrs. Mary.. 664 Straight, Charles 892 .Straight, J. V 97, 344 Strait, J. B 348 Stratton, Alonzo.lOO. 353 Stratton, .\lphonso.. 100 Stratton, .1. L., 356, 366, 387, 689 Strayer, Benry. 102 Strayer, John, 848, 849, 877. 878, 924 Strayer, Martin 1(V4 Strayer. Michael 934 StraVer, Peter. 320, 322, 924 Straver, Peter, Jr 322 Straver, Mrs. Peter . . 932 Strayer, Mrs. P. S... .848 Streator, A. A 883 Street, Isaac-480, 850, 905 Strevor, .Varon 81 Strohl, John 917 Strong, F- 90 Strong, Finley 90 Strong, James R., 85, 97, 112, 475 Strong, T. C 68il Strong. W. E 244 Strowd, l>.W 42;l Struthers,Johu 12 Strykei, Henry -'iXS Stryker, John 407 Sturgoon, D. B.-.S+l, :«9 Sturgeon, Elisha W Stutz,.lacob 486, 771 .Stutts, .Jeremiah 881 Stutts. Levi 107 Sulgrave, T>. R 6.50 Sullivan, Daniel 905 Sullivan, F.J 3.53 Sullivan, James 99 Sullivan, John 389 Page. SnlHvftn,.TohnO »fl Sullivan, ThonuLS... 103 Sullivan, Uriah 913 Suinners, Benj :J4l Sntphen.C. V »<> Sutphen, J. V. D., 667, 900, 901 Suydam, Bishop 320 Suydam, F. I> '.KXl Suydam, Robert 906 Suvdam, Mrs. S. M.. 722 Swagor,W.y 97 Swain, C.H — . 85 Swan, (ieorge M 643 Swnnton, -M 98 Swayno,Mrs.Uclen E. .500 Swayne, Henry S 787 SwaVue, Noah H.. 15, 300, 310, 490 Swayne, Noah If., Jr , 361, 787 Swavne, Wager, 15, 162, 224, 359, 389, 423 496 Swartz. Christian 924 Swartz, .lohu 924 Sweet, K.G ;)89,390 Sw.et, M. G 668 Swill, A 485 Swift. Albert 326 Swift, Chas. J. .86, 89, 90 Swift, Daniel, 338, 343, :)85, 679, 693 Swift, Mrs. J, A 484 Swift, Julia II 9:)4 Swift, William 104 Swignrt, J. .1 78i; Swigart, J. R., 244,3.3.5, 355, 125. 429, 485 724, T97, 812, 813 Swords. Edwards J.. 694 Sykcs, M. L., Jr. .408, 419 .Svinonds, L. B 99 Sypher, Fred 103 TABER, J. F 117 Tafl, Alnhonso, 6.53 Taft, Isaac...". 102 Tait, George 783 Talba. James 104 Talbert,John WJ Talbot, Geo. W 102 Talbot, Robert 322 Talcott. Andrew 420 Talcott. Robert 348 Tanke, J. L 486 Tanke.L 98 Tanke, Theo 98 Tanner, Geo. 98, 111, .361 Tanner, Mrs. Geo.. 119 Tanner, G. A. & Co.. 649 Tanner, Jacob.. 388, 481 Tanner. Samuel 99 Tappan, J. H 99 Tappan, (iuinbyT.. 99 Tippan, (). T. & J. U 485 Tappan, W R 811 Tarbox, Chas. S. 96, 476, 489 Tarbox, Ralph 98, :M9.386 Tarbox, Mrs. Ralph. 723 Tate, .1. L 477 Taveruor, Wm . 321, 905 Taylor, Alfred 483 Taylor. D. B 76 Taylor. Kev. Geo 94 Tavlor, II. Burton. 89,98 Tavlor, II. C... 7&5 Taylor, Henry U.... 353 Tavlor, James 94 Tavlor, J no. 313, .332, 3J7, 878 Tavlor, J. B 893 Taylor, Milton 322, 360, .361, :J89, 803 Tavlor, Mrs. Milton 261, 2.i3 Tavlor, Robert 883 Tavlor, Robert W... 104 Tavlor, S. F. 346, 3.50, 46:! Tavlor, T. A 477,810 Taylor, T. W 102 Tavlor, Wm. 9(1. 1(«, :t32, 344, 346, 3.5.3, :!66,870, 872,883, 891 Tavlor. Mrs. Wm HO Taylor, Wm. B 785 Tavlor, Mrs. Wm. B. &31 Tavlor, W. F. P :J73 Taylor, Wm. II. 102, 111 Tavlor, Zachary 342 Tuiincy, Charles.-. 905 Tecnmseh, (Chief). ..T*M TeniMRi,(teo. W. 485, 817 I'emple, Thos 3«1 lempleton, J. G 785 I'ene, Charles 100 Ten Evek, Anihony. 492 Ten Eyck, Mrs. C... 118 Ten Evek. Mrs. S.... 118 Tenney, J. A . . . . .360. 361 Tenney. John E 4.% Terry, T. B S02 Thaeher. Horace 61, 85. :i20, :i:iS, JM5. 360, :i66, :)«6, 7.57, 901, '.K15 Thaeher, I.. O ;«7 Thaeher A Whitney. 1H).'> Thatcher. II A 689 Thatcher, II. C 888 Thatcher, Lewis C... 100 Thayer, L. T. 388, 413, 47tl, 481, 48.5, 693, 730, 797, 818. 821 Thaver, Mrs. L. T... 821 Thonias, .\ugustus, 85, 94, 106, :«S1, 387, 470 'thomas, C 99 Thomas, D 385 Thomas, E 97 Thomas, E. A 85,100 Thomas. Geo. II 215 Thomas, Mrs.Uarriet B - 481 Thomas, Hiram ..^.. 905 Thomas, J 89 Thonnis, James 061 Thomas, Joseph 85 Thomas. J. B.... .388, 389 Thomas, I,«vi....'.K"5, 9.. 252 Woolverton, Silas... 426 Worcester, S. T. .347, 350, 382, 480, 768 wiawpll W II!!! 925 Worden, A 660 Witker F F I II . 785 Worden, Isiuic B.... 905 Witker', e! H III!.... 785 Worden, J. L 224 Witker, Fred. 98, 2:M, 351,387,48.-. Whitker.F.E 78.5 Witker, John F.30,479,496 Witker, G. F 785 Witker, W. F -85 Witle. Shuts & Co... 910 Wittstein, Gus.96,.367, 366 Wittstein, Herman, 100, 485 Witzel, Frank 107 Woehler, Christ. 85, 98. ;!87, 485, 689, 771 Woleott, Fred 101 Wolcott, James, 76, 313, 320, 322, 367,924, ' 925,928 Wolcott, J. F........482 Wolcott, James M ... 101 Wolcott. James & Co 4.57 Wolcott, Miss Juliette Wolcott,' wVwIlllll loi Worden, Nancy 905 Worden, Zera 891 Worthington, J. G.. 374 Worthington, Miss Ma- tilda 735 Worthington, Wm.. 370 Worts.Geo. 96,389,476,782 Worts, Geo. F 477 Worlz, John 99 Worts, J.J 989 Worts. M. C 99,416 Worts, M.C. .£ Son.. 484 Wright. .Mrs. Agnes. 879 Wright, Eiia.sir.....S60 Wright, Frank 388 Wright, Frederick, 313,366,984 Wright, F.C »rs Wright, G.F 92B Wright. 11. M 906 Wright, James.. 103,886 Wright,!. II 96 Wright, Justus 9S6 952 INDIVIDUAL INDEX. Page. Wright, J. P 8ti6 Wright, J. M 43B Wright, .Suth !)34 Wright, T. H 38(1 Wuerfel, John C. 109, 785, 78fi Wyant, Martin 905 Wvek, Peter 362 Wyman, F. 2W Wyraan, J. U 936 Wynu, E, S 103 WynQ, Joua., 99, 347, 3H0, 366 Wvnn, Miss Norma.. 723 Wynn, Samuel 103 Page. Wynn, Thomas. 102, 353 YARDLEY.C 349 Yardlev. Conn- land ;....432, 486 Yardley, Edward 96 Yardley, Edmund... 689 Yardley, Miss Ger- trude _ 483 Yates, Abram R 891 Yeager, Jlartin 100 Yeager. C. M 85 Yeslin. C. F 905 Yost, Peter 100,482 Yourtee, S.L 726 Page. Young, Andrew. 85, 106, 343, 346, 366, 367 446, 680 Young, Mrs. Andrew, 408, 483 Young, .\ustin 924 Young, C 401 Young, C. B. 99 Young. C. L., 261, 263, 328. 389, 391, 774 Young, Mrs. Cora D.. 257 Young, D. E .356 Young, D. H 484 Young, Ebenezer 914 Young, Frank I.. 477, 500 Page. ^oung, Horatio S., 97, 110,224, 477,500, 949 Young, John H 914 Young, Joshua 315 Young, Mi.ss Lillie... 893 Young, Mrs. M. A... 485 Young, Nicholas D.. 102 Young, Samuel M., 102, 103, 313, 317, 328, .331 350, 366, 388, 483, 499, 649 831, 924 lonngctWaite 367 Younglove, Geo 65,66 "ioungs, David 350 Yount, Jacob 913 Paqe. r7ACHAr)US, Jacob lOl jLi Zahni, J. F 477 Zahm, J. M no Zarang, Franz 95 Zeigen, Jacob 102 Zeigen, Silas 1(m Zeigler, E. G 867 Zeigler, John 924 Zeiiler, Wm 48b Zerk, Chris _ .389 Zerk, George 100 Zirwas, Chas 391 Zook, Christian 924 SCHOOLS Page. ABBOTT, Caleb P. 634 Ackliu, Annie C. 622 Acklin, Gussie 623 Adams, Carrie... 618, 620 Adams, Chas. F 6.35 Adams, Samuel L 633 Adelsperger, Sadie .. 623 Ainger, Henrietta... 625 Allen, Edson 612. 634 Allen, .Samuel 612 Anderson Addie M, 623 Andrews, Lorin 614 Anliker, Emma 622 Anthony, M. E 619 Arnold, Wilbur F.624,625 .\tkius, Alice 621 Atkinson, George ... 622 Atkinson, Jeannette 623 .\tkinson, Thomas B 622 .\ustin, Belle 620 Austin, S. R 611 Auld, .Mrs. J. C 617 Avery Apphya C.615, 6i0 Avery, Jno. G 624 BABCOCK, Jnlia.. 622 Bachelder, Lou. 622 Backus, .\sa 6.3."i Bailev. Caroline B... 621 Bair, Kate — 62.3 Baird, Cora 623 Baker, Albert 622 Baker, Arthur E 621 Baker. Fannie L 622 Baker, Herbert 621 Baker, Marv._. 622 Baker, Rufus H 621 Baldwin, Annie H .. 621 Baldwin, Frank 623 Baldwin, HattieS... 621 Baldwin, Lizzie M ,, 621 Baldwin, L. Helen, 61S. 619, 621,630 Baldwin, M. Jennie— 622 Balfe, Jennie 621 Balfe, Nellie 619, 622 Balfe, Sarah L 622 Bailey, James T 616 Balk George F 617 Ballurd, .\lmira H... 621 Ballard, Emma J 621 Ballard, Geo. M..616, 624 Ballard, Theo ._ 624 Bangs, Alice 618, 619 Bangs, Belle 619, 623 Barbour, O. F.... 617 Barkdull, William .. 622 Barker, Calviu 635 Barker, Minnie J 621 Barker, R. U 624 Barnev, H. H 627 Barr, Mrs. E. E 617 Barr, Adie R 622 Barlow, Belle 620 Barton. Jno 630 Bash. Nellie 623 Beach, Annie C 622 Beach, Helen. 618, 621,623 Beamer, Florence,619,623 BeattT, Ella 629 Beatty, Marv 629 Beatty, Sarah 619, 623 Bedortha, Chloe 623 Belford, Ford 623 Belknap, Miss E. E.. 615 Bell, Ella 618 Bellman, CharlesN.. 622 Bellman, Emily 623 Bellman, Wm. M.. 622 Page. Bengough, Celia 618 Benson, Cora. 622 Benson, May 622 Bennett, Henry_.61I, 635 Berdan, Alice .\. 622 Berdan, Anna 623 Berdan, Ida M 621 Berdan, John 612, 634 Berdan, Julia S 622 Berdan, .Mary E 631 Berdan, Pamela 621 Bergen, Symmes H.. 625 Bevier, Lucy W..621, 630 Bickel,NelIie 623 Biekel, Winnie 623 Bigelow, Ada 619, 622 Bigelow, Oakalla 622 Birckhead, P. H 635 Bischoff, Mr 617 Bissell, Ed.. Sr...612, 634 Bi.ssell, Fred.. ^. 634 Bissell, Harriet 617 Bissell, Herbert 623 Bissell, Henry T 615 Bissell, Julia 615 Bixby, Sarah.. 619 Black, .Jennie 622 Black, Lottie 623 Black, Stella 622 Blakeslee, D. G 6.3;B Blanchard, Samuel S., 621, 634 Blank, Carrie 623 Blass, Minnie 622 Bliss, Ezra 624, 625 Bliven, Robert 624 Blodgett, J. M 615 Bluff, Mary 625 Boake, Fannie 622 Boake, Gertrude... 622 Bodette, Geo. H. H.. 621 Bodley, Belle 621 Bodwell. Florence.. 623 Boiee. Emma 621 Bond, Addie 622 Belles, Wm. W 620 Bond. Caroline 632 Bond, John R... 614, 634 Bond, Louisa 619, 622 Bond, Maria A 622 Bond, Marv. 621 Bond. Olivers 635 Bortree, .\lta 623 Bostwick, Luella L.. 622 Brailey, Anna S 623 Brainard. Kate 622 Bramwell, Lillie 623 Brayne, Mary 622 Breed, Charles H 621 Breed, Cvrus W. 615, 620,621, 624 Brennau, Maggie 619 Brennan, Mary 620 Bridgman, Frank... 623 Brigham, Chas. O... 615 Brigham, OsheaS... 621 Brigham, CharlottleF.622 Brigham, Harriet... 617 Brigham, Mrs. .S. S.. 617 Brintnal, Chas. J 634 Broer, Bernhard H.. 625 Brower, Lettie. 628 Brooks, Margaret 617 Brooks, H. E __ 634 Brown, Allie E 632 Brown, E.B 614 Brown, Ella J 622 Brown, Emma E 622 Brown, Emma N 620 Page. Brown, Emma V 621 Brown, Fred 623 Brown, Geo. B 630 Brown, Harriet A. 619, 623 Brown, Irene 618, 621 Brown, Joseph W.. 614 Brown, Lizzie 622 Brown, Miss S. A... 617 Brown. Matthew 614 Brown, Mav 630, 622 Brown. .Mary EttaM. 622 Brown. Minnie B... 622 Brown, Moses T. 617, 636 Brown. Oliver 620 Brown, T. J 633 Brown, T. P . 635 Brown, Vories P 622 Browne, Ed. F 624 Brownlee, Belle. 615, 621 Brownlee, James 624 Brownlee, Jennie 618, 619, 621. 6.30 Bruce, Josephine. . . 630 Bruksieker, Amelia, 623 Buck, Mrs. PI.ympton 630 Buettner, Huldah... 619 Bump, Jennie L 62; Burbank, Cora L 622 Burchfield, Ada 620 Burdick, Jessie C 618 Burgert, M. H 623 Burns, Alice J 621 Burnap, Alice B 622 Burnap, Lizzie 622 CAHOON, Martha, 618 Caine, Miss E. J. 617 Calkin. Wm. A 634 Calkins, Marv R 630 Caldwell, Eva 623 Camp, Stephen H... 632 Campbell, Alice, 620, 622 Campbell, Julia 620 Campbell, Mart 630 Campbell, Mlttie 623 Cannetr, Susie.. 620,622 Caples. J. T 614 Chadwick, Susan 617 Chadwiek, W. F. S.. 617 Chamberlin, Alice S. 621 Chamberlin, Mary.. 615 Chamberlain, Robert S 624, 6.35 Chapin, Alida A 622 Chapin, James E 622 Chapman, Frank:... 623 Chase, Harriet G 621 Chase, John A 617 Chase, Kittie J 621 Chase, Mary D 623 Chase, .Susan 617 Cheney, Carrie, 615, 620, 621 Cheney, Ida R 622 Cheney, RoswellJ.. 615 Cheney, Mattie E... 622 Chesebro, Chas 624 ChoUett. Marie 617 Church, Frank H 621 Card. CarrieM, 618,619,621 Card, Ida A 622 Card, Julia M.__ 618, 621 Carkener, Julia E... 618 Carrington,Fannie L.. 620, 622 Carson, John B 635 Carr, Jaocb 6.33 Gary, Grace 623 Page. Paae Case, Byron 623 Crosby, Abbie F.. 621 Case, Florence 623 Crcssman, C. S 615 617 Case. Jessie L 622 Crowell, P. H 611 Ca.se, Sarah 621 Cranston, Will'iam'." 622 Case, Wilham. 622 Crumbaugh, Grace 618 J^f I'.'^y. Bndget 619, 623 Cuddeback, Alice 622 Claflin, Carrie 622 Cullv, Jessie 623 Caflin, Jeannette... 622 Cunningham, Nettie 628 •^lagg. 9 618 Cuni^^. Delia.. 620 Cark, Cora A 622 Curtis.s, Ilattie " 621 Cark, Geo. P 6.31 Curtis, Ida J..;"."""." 622 Lark, Ira L 613, 6!4 Curtis. Theo. J. . 624 Clark, Jacob.... 612, 635 "' !;]'"'^ James W 635 T-\AIBER, Etha.... 623 Cark, Lillian 622 U Dallett, Delia.. 620 Cark, R. P 618 Dallett, Ella 622 Chft, Jennie.... 621 Dallett, Joseph """623 Cober, Laura-. _ 653 Dallett, P^chel "'623 Cochran, Alice 619 Dane, N. M "618 Coflinbury, Andrew. 611 Daniels, Mabel "" 62;j Cone, Mary.. 630 Daniels. M. H '"" 611 Cone, Thomas ... 630 Danzy, Carrie.. ..6i'8; 621 Colby, George F. Darling, Ella. 621 n ,K ^,'"\f J; '^■^3' ^^^ Darling, D. H I 617 Colby, Mrs. M.G.... 617 Daning, Henry.. 611 Cole, Frank E 622 Davis, Ida " '"622 Collins, Frances L__ 615 Davis, J. B 6.34 Collins, Lucv D. 615, 620 Davis, Jessie F 6"2 Collins, Sarah.. 615,620 Davis, Maude 623 Cole, William .622 Dawson, Libbie G .. 621 Collins. M. L.... 613, 624 Dickerson. E. W 618 Colton. Abram W,. 615 Dillon. Aggie 623 Colton, Hamilton C. Dimick, Helen 620 616,624 Ditten haver, L '619 Commager, D, H.... 625 Dean, Ella 618 Commager, Frank G. 634 Dearborn, Sarah D 622 Commager, Sophie.. 625 Deither. Nettie— 623 Compton, H. W., Devo, Fannie M ""617 616, 618, 625 Deiphev, Eden V """ 622 Conant, Horatio.... 611 Deiphev, John P 622 Cone, N. A 615 Dennis," John 624 tone, Calvin 629 Denison, Mary 622 Conliss, Anna 622 Dennison, .\lice'P 623 Con iss, Anna M.... 620 Dennison, Clara.. 620,623 Con isk, Ella 619 Detwiler, George . .621 Conhsk, Mildred.... 623 Dewev, Wm. Fitch. 622 Conlisk, Millie 619 DeWolf, D. F.... 614, 616 Conrad, Henry 625 DeWolf.EmmaM 621 Consaul, Ida 621 Dodd, £. S 612 634 Converse, W. A. C. Donnellv. Lillie 620, 622 617,623,6.35 Dodge, Charles 613 Conway Mary 621 Dodge, Delia F . . 617 Cook, Charles H.... 621 Dodge, Fred. B 635 Cook, Jennie. 623 Dodge, Julia 618 Cook, John G 61' Dodge, Minnie . 622 Cook, Josephine.... 630 Dorr, Georgie....618, 621 Cook, Nellie 621 Dorr, Almira.... 617, 620 Cooke, Alice A 633 Dorr, Ella 618,621 Cooke. Josephine-... 622 Dorr, Mvra L 615 Coon, May 623 Dowd, Jno. W... 616, 631 Cooper, Jeannette E. 632 Dowler, Vesta 620 Corl, Harriet M 622 Downev, M. T 620 Corlett, Louise.. 619, 683 Doyle, John H.... 635,6.36 Corlett, Wm. 620, 623, 635 Draper, Arthur Q 621 Corning, Emily 617 Draper. .Marv H 621 Cornish. Wm. C... 617 Drummond. John N. 635 Cottrell, Charles A.. 622 Duguid, Lizzie E 618 Cox, Charles N 623 Dunlap, Jennie 618 Coy. Charlotte A 620 Dunlap. Lauren 621 Cozzens, H. G 634 Dunlap, Mary W 619, 622 Crane, Alden 621 Dunlap, Thomas.613, 634 Crane, Amos W.. 615, 620 Durbin, E. A 635 Crane, David 612 Dustin, Hattie.. 620,623 Crane, Julia E 622 Crane, O. A 634 TpAGER, W. H.... 630 Crandall, F. M 617 Jli Earl, Harry D.. 621 Cressey, Mason. 616, 624 Eastman, .\bbie . 630 Cronise, Mabel.. 619, 622 Eastman. Martha.617, 625 Cronlse, Martha M.. 619 Eaton, Caroline. .617, 623 I INDIVIDUAL INDEX. or.n F, ton John .Tr (ilfi,"un Fiey, Ella ."bW Uayes.LiHie iilS Jaquot, Mary M. ' Lendersoii. Nellie... to Iter h, Henry ::^r,-« Friedbnrg, ncrman. ca-.- Hayes, Mary 11 (141 ^ , „, 618, Ov>0, Kl Lcouardso,. A ftW E ■kerTTmic — 619, 643 FrleclburS,Martia.618,619 Hayes. Orlin S l«4 .Tenks, Miss.. . 8 U' s, Ij ''" B. 6g Ecker Tina e«i Fulton, .loliu F tiSl Haves, Sadie, 618, 61il, 651 .lenuison, .lessie A ... (iM Lew s, Minnie A .... 682 Iddv,' Sas. h":: ;: ess FuUon Josepl. F.630, U« llea.l,' EuReue, 6« .Jermain, Kiltie W 22 '5'"Vn,ni"'l!.'?irii-6iA § J iri^;. Afij; F (it? FiilliT Ralhbun 621 Heim ng, L zzie 62;i .lerniain, Sarah 1).618,61'J l.illelnricl, U;ellia.6I8.Bl» ?w^-'n 1! 624 Katnoun .— Oil {jJ^J.'^g;^ Alex.... 624 .T„hnson,Marietta.618,iil!l I.illelim.l, Margaret A,620 Fe s'Miss.rX::::::Bn /-l AI.VlN.EHaA. Herman. Ottillic... 61'l .l„l,ns,m, llattie 61(1, 6*i l.illelund Martha,., (rtl iwicston ('has (■ 621 Vjr 619,622 Hevu, Olsja 629 .lohnaton, .lolin L. Uoyil, !■ ranees 823 Egge iVnimm':*)-" GiUvin, Mary E..618; 621 Hibbard, J.. m 620, 68), 635 LoeVe olMn»on.... Oil ?ll!&^^?f^!^::m ?:^X^i.^^M,^ ^i^^sr^v.^ ;;;;S;}lSM:;«iK ij f^ilk^Mi^:::::;:::: | lir ?S^ ^^!-:: Ji? ^^l^-^^-^ l^lll;c^:s;;624;62.,| t;^S:|;r-^^^ g:^15^5^n^.nds::| Elson,T.H 635 Gassaway. Maggie... 622 gill. Mi>^\J'- A «" .I„ne.s,Wm. W W5 ■'' '• AJ^ ,^ «] Fitinir I N 635 Geelan El a t32n Hi , Marion E Iilil .,,, i.on. a on/o .i. o*i Embr^ie, Sally-J".::::: "7 gITu, Kate 520 Hili; Sophie. ... 615, 625 17 A W-Hl--'- .'••>'"«:« -»™. "'j"^,- ^- '^ K gelhardt, Elmer.. 622 Gerkins. Lizzie 62:3 Hillenkamp, C b IV kahlo, llei r ,.« L e Isabel t 8g i-rit^ht Fannie 622 Geroe William 621 Hirth, Anna 61» Keteliain, Mrs. David (hW l,o\e. bnsie... ....... HS» [; ,^ n.^I^pM """ fits GerHek I avid 634 Hirth. J. S 1118 Keteham, Anna 622 Lownsbury, Angle . 628 F s Sa &imh C "■"" G^ cffforf' Grace '. fi23 5 r Marv P... 618, BUI Kelellam, tielen A .. 621 Loivnspnry. L. S.-SW-Wl FrwftT's D m G lb«-t Luella . 622 HiKheoek.Edward B. (122 Keteham, V. 11— . «34 ,owiisbury,Mary K.. 6 2 Eva "'John 6 G ber ! IHssS.N ... 61T Hitelu-k, .Miss J. A. 617 Keteham, Walter I . 62 Lownslmry Miss h 817 Eva s' Kobert frS i clir st, Katie 621 Hiteheoek, MissrJ. C. 618 Keteham, Wi .not A. 22 Luce, Carrie &-.. 618,621 Evarts Mi^sW 617 Gchrist, Maggie S. Hiiehcoek, Laura.... 623 Keeler, Amelia E.... 617 Uiee. f-Ha fc Wl Fw ng \lex H"lr 62 ^""'"- '' ^^ 621,6.30 Hiteheoek, Rev. Wm 617 Keeler, Arthur .21 Luee, Hatlie L 621 h«ing, Alex.H.,jr.. «i Xettie G...: 623 Hottman, Agnes. 618, 621 Keeler, C. I., Jr 12 Luee, ha. le. 8^ FAIRBVNKS \ W634 Gilraan Edward. ....'634 Hoffman Fimnie.... 621 Keeler. Giva 02.3 Lull, .lulia A.. ... bK Fairchildnarissa"* GinS P M 633 Hoffman Gisella.... 622 Keen, I'erry 622 Uingrcn Virginia... ^ FahneJfook Camillus'" guJ^ey: Josephine.. 622 Hoftnian, Jennie.... 611 K«'n. W am ^ Lyman. John 680 F^^ihi^3.;a-| Sg;|il:::; BSB^^ ^B^^ M?^-^^B FeatheWtone. Jessie ^^^ Gorri.l .^ A -_..... 630 Hombe^er, Clara E |l- fe::"": ||^r %sie '610 Featherstone,Mary.. 623 Granger, Belle 622 Hone, Minnie H 22 King, Fnmk l----^^^ » ,<; j f^; ij^;^;;:^, Z Featherstone,Sad.e^ ^^^ Grange.^ph A .. 6_2 ";- ■ r-|^-,J,-g^ | | 111! |S,,ise:.J....'6.. M^}.;).- JClla W.... 62. Fenneberg,Emma.:620 Graves C.P 617 Hurniel, Susie . 61«, 623 King. Nettie .6 5 ^cK an e 0. ... w» Ferris, Kdward 623 Graves, Miss S S 618 Horton, Amelia..... 6.30 K nnes, .3, K 617 J ^:i'> ."^^^ "Xggie... 681 Fey, Louise 622 Gregory, Edna 621 Hosmer, IL L 6 5 ^. r*-. J^d--^ ^|| JeLai,,, l-a"me..... 620 ilii iSi^=i HPi WSm iili l^.^^:J;^.^ Hj^-'ri^clil^ lE^I-"'-- m^^^l:-:^ ^^:^:^^^'^ Fiteh, Herbert 622 Hulbaeh- Minnie.... bl9 How^l • ^'!e°^'''"^- ^t; v°"'wm 6.34 Maegregor. Tracy.... 623 l^aS;-Jr::::::g gM?^-::::::| »"il"-- BBt^'E^ ^(t^A.h^:^ ^llSS;Se:::;:::J^l g;;ll;^|SA:;::;:::| ~i:M^eti:S?^ B^};^.'----^ ^!^.l^:^^::::'!'':^ Fitzgerald, Margaret Hal, Muin. J..----. 6| Hubbard^ L.^^^-^. 1^ ^-'-i^V llli Jtt' ^lil^i::;::: ^^ Flagg; Susan P.. 621,630 Hamhlin Charles.... 624 Huber, Jennie.,. . >2.3 ^om, ak, 1. R .. 61N 620 Jj'^^^'f^^ j"'£i£bie.... Flanagan, Nellie ....6-'3 Hamilton, E ----636 Huffman Francis M 621 I^;.'" f 'lVhx M . 6-^', 6.30 Ma nv, S. W 622 FlanuiBau,Eleam:r.. 620 Hamilton, Lvaudor.- 6 J4 guh, Ira k... 62.3 ^ras, Laura i. , . jj ,; ,,„„esU im Fleet Anna 621 Hamilton, J. K 635 Humphre> . Lizzie.. 626 Kra is, l.ena Marker Nettie. -.620, 623 F eming, Ola M..62O, 622 Hamilton,Kate A.62 ,621 Hunker -Andrew H.. 621 ^™^''.^"'ji';,ii-v;e F 622 M-h 'Florence.... J 685 Flint, Belle 621 Hamilton, Maggie E. 6 8 Hunker, John J., KrJuger ENe 620,622 Mar.sh Newton 685 Forbk Kittie DeF.. 622 Hamm. Mabel -623 » T=.„;„,t"^- ''*' 603 Kruse \nt^ a .-..- 619 Mar.slml, Sarah 615 Fockens, Nellie 619 Hammell, Belle. 61., Hunt, Eli?" 6-3 ^["^^^'p^Siun .. 621 Martin, Myron 688 Folev, Mrs. J. S 619 Hammond. Sarah... 621 Hunt, Eloise P.... 622 > "5^' V ''," 621 629 Marvin, Miss M. N... 617 Folev SarahJ......618 Hamlyn, J.-hu, 623 """ <=^' M>^^^ L... 6 8 ^ «Sg. 'lo in - -6^^^^^^ M « lietty 62» Folger, Miss S. R.618, 619 Hampton, Minnie.... 615 Hunter, Miss H. b... 61 ^\^'^^f' '{^^,^,,,^ r. p.-aa Marx, Clara 6SS Ford, Laura A 622 Hanks. Ella A 620 Hunter Ida ette. 62. ^ ?''^*-^,;,J[,;;;'r...- 622 Marx Elizabeth E... 622 Ford Louise 622 Hannin, M A. 620 Hunt, Isabella Row. Kmc, L yuor l, ^^^^ Forsythe, Charlotte Harberger, Clara.... 630 eiia 622 Klolz,.Mar> Marx (iuido 683 F ..617,618,630 Harding. Grace 62,5 Hauler, Julia. .... biu .mpmast d e 622 Marx, July M 618 Forsvth",Geo.Duncaii, HarmoS. Isabella.... 615 gnu ington, Ce la.. 6 8 T Yampman, Cier- Ma x Otto 628 616,620,6i3 Harnett, Ezra 630 Huntington, Elijah- 611 iJ Lampman, ^^j j,„„ giephanie 628 Forsvth,HenryA.615,620 Harnit, Fanny., 619, 62:3 HufV"?' ^J^'^J^ert" 618 Lampman'Mabel.... 622 Masters. Albert 882 Forsyth xMarian. 618, 620 Harnit, George S. . 622 Huch.son Herbert 618 J;*^^^'*" , 'i\('^,.... ,i:j4 Mau, F. C, c 61it Forv.Jno. C -..634 Harrington, Philinda 617 Hutchison.NormanLblJ Lambcrt.^jj.^ i_ ^.^.^ j,„j.;.r, A„,ert 619 Foster, R.K.,Jr ....634 Harris, A. C 621 ^_„„„„„pp , , a,f^ T„n|' Kosa 619 Mayer, Mrs. Anna C. 620 Foster, Watson 617 Harris, James 624 JBERSHOrF l A- 6 8 l^au|, ^o.J, . ^ ^^^ Mafker, Minnie 8M Foulkes, Frank P -.621 Hams. Wm H- 61. ;»- "'S'^™^,' „ , ^ ^in larimore Eugene... 622 Meissner, Ernest.... 628 Frankenberger, Hattie: ^ Hasty, Emer^ul.^^ ^^ J^- !a^l l:::;- iSl^ ££' ^S^a ^'' 51;:^;^,^!;!:.::::::^ Frankenberger, Mary Hathaway, Julia S.. 617 _. ,„..^nx. »,,„,„ rJO ' 621, ea.'i MeI.er, .lennie .... 680 C 622 Haviland, Charles.. 623 T'^'^V ,,'ii.^,.',?r,i n3^ I aurence Mi'ss _- . 617 Metier, Mattie .. 618, 680 Fra;.e-r',"May C .... .62:3 Haviland, Fred 622 t^ J'''*'*"^'^^^^^^^ La rMar'yK. .."... 618 Mei/ger, I.ouis 6^ Fraser Spencer L.621,6ai Havi and, Susie 623 Jj«^^°°' };^J"™' ■''• eia Lav .m. Belle 62:3 Meyers, Emma 620 Freeman: Eva 621 Haviland, William.. 622 Ja^^^"°. \^°'eo bj^ ^ „iai , Agnes E... 617 Millard Clara 6-M Freeman; George L.. 622 Hay, Clara ...62.3 Jackson, W. fe^ 630 ^^ »^^ |,^ gofl Millard, Irwin .... 623 Freeman, Jno.P.61.3, 624 Hayes, Ada 623 J ^^^""^ Jj • ' l^ Lenderson E. W.... 629 Millard, Ha ph H.... 681 Freeman, Sophie.618, 620 Hayes, Ella,. .... 619 J ^"^ '!''«•"»/> ^^3 Lenderson Kate 622 Millikeu, W. F 683 French, Ella 619 Hayes, Jennie U. 619, 022 tHaiie». ™a°i'« "■"' 954 INDIVIDUAL INDEX. Pa(je. Miller, Harris 621 Miller, Lillie 621 Mills, George S 633 ' Mills, Helen h 618 Miner, Abby E 617 Minor, .\m6s 616, 624 Miner, Emma.- 619 Miner, Josie 619,623 Miner, Riindolph 621 Minot, Harriet E (.17 Mitcliell, John 617 Mitchell, Sallie 621 Moellenberg, Minnie 622 Montgomery,Frances 617 Montgomery, Jas. L. 621 Montgomery .StellaV. 622 Morton, Amelia 621 Mooney, D 624 Mooney, Ella.... 619, 622 Mooney, Lillie 621 Moore, Charles 621 Moore, Esther 615 Moore, Frank 623 Moore, Kate Alida .. 622 Moore, Maria 618 Moore, S 634 Morgan, Carrie 623 Morook, Hattie.- 620, 623 Morris, Clarence 624 Morse, Anna 620, 622 Morton, Amelia 618 Morton, Daniel O 6.34 Morton, Mary 621 Mott, Cannie 630 Mott, Mario 617 Mott, Thomas B 615 Mulholland, Sarah .. 618 Murphy, Ellen 615 Murphy, Hannah... 619 Murphy, Wni 6'^ Murray, Anna.. 619, 621 Myers, Emma 622 Myers, James 634 NEELEY, Minnie B. 618 Nelson, CoraL 617 Nelson, Mi.ss S. C. 617 Ne.ssle, Ada C 621 Neubert, Henry G .. 623 Newton, Mrs. J. T 630 Newman, Lewis E . . 622 Nichola,s. Anna E.619,630 Nieholas.Antoinette. 630 Nicholas, Ellen A. 618,619 Nicholson, Lucy M 618 Nightingale, Crawford, 634 Nitschke, Anna J. 620,622 Norman ton, Anna.619,623 Norman ton, Emily619,623 Nort, Grace 622 Norton, Carrie W 622 Norton, Douglas 622 Norton, Jennie 621 Norton, Elijah H 635 Norton, Emily L .. 618 O'BRIEN, Lottie. 619 Orlell, Anna... 622 Odell, Miss E. L 6,7 Odell, Luella 620 622 O'Hara, D. J _ 633 Olds, Flora E 621 Opitz, Rynehold, 621, 625 Orcutt, Ada F . 615, 620 Orwig, Cora 620 Osbon, Grace 621 Osborn, Ralph. 616,620,624 • iswaM, Charles 623 Otis, Alice.. 622 Ott, Mary F '618 Otten, Margaret 618 Owens. R. A... 630 PALMER, Andrew 634 Palmer, A. B 617 Palmer, Paul B 621 Palmer, Peter 634 Palmer, Wesley C— . 621 Parker, .\nna 623 Parker, Emily 623 Parker, Wm. E 618 Parmelee, Emma. 6''5 Parmelee, Laura A.. 615, 620, 023 Parmelee, Myron H., 621, 623 Parmelee,OUve L.617, 620 Parmelee,OrphaE,61S,621 Parsons, Edward 622 Parsons, Wm. H 622 Patterson, Miss A.A. 617 Pease, Don A H17 Peck, Fannie, 618,619, 621 Page. Peck, Hattie S ..621 Peck, Miss J. M 612 Peck, Lizzie 621 Pelton, Dwight A.... 621 Perkins, Geo. R 634 Perrine, H. C 618 Perry. Edward C... 621 Perry, George 622 Perry, Harriet E 622 Petit, Marie 619 Pfauuer. Jacob 624 Phea't, Charles 623 Pheatt, Minnie 623 Pheatt.Zebulon C.612,623 Phelps, EllaS 621 Phillips, C. B.. 614 Phillips, Ada R 622 Phillips, Chas. B.... 634 Phillips, Mary 622 Pickett, Mary... 619 Pierce, H. D.. 625 Pitts, Caroline A 614 Piatt, Carrie E 621 Piatt, Augusta 617 Piatt, Harvey P 635 Piatt, .lessie.. Hi Piatt, R. P 619 Poag, John 6.34 Pom eroy, Mary K. 621,623 Porter, Eli.jah- 634 Potter, Abraham 634 Potter, E. D 615 Potter, Emery D. Jr., "615, 620, 623 Powell, Emma 629 Pratt, Anna 622 Pratt, Henry S 622 Pratt, Mary J, 62:3 Pratt, Olive C 522 Prue, Charles A 622 Pugh, Alice 619 Purney, Jessie 623 RADBONE, Anna 619, 623 Raines, C. H... 624 Raitz, Laura. 623 Ramsey, Dr. W 633 Rawsou, Nellie B 633 Raymond, Erwin P.. 621 Raymond, Henry 624 Raymond, John..... 623 Raymond, Lottie 622 Raymond, S. .-V 634 Raymond, Wm. H... 630 Reeve, Nathan 63.'i Redding, Minnie.619, 623 Reed, Adele ... 616 Reed, Frederick G... 621 Reed, Henry __ 611 Remelsbecker, Irene, 620, 623 Reynolds, George A. 622 Rhodes, Lewis E 622 Rieards, Linda 619 Richards, Millard E. 621 Richardson, Burdge. 623 Richardson, Judd... 623 Richardson, Stella... 623 Richardson, W. N.„ 6.34 Richmond, Mrs. A. 617 Rickley, S. S 627 Ridenour, Amanda.. 621 Ridenour, George ... 622 Ridenour, Jessie F,. 621 Rike, JohnC 625 Riley. Mary 620 Rimell, Mary ._ 621 Ritchie, Ada M., 618, 619, 621 Ritchie, Byron F.. 621 633 Robbins, Lticv R.618, 630 Robinson, Ro.xana 1122 Roe, .Sylvia 61" Roemer, Belle 621 RofE, Chas. B 6.35 Rogers, Alonzo 629 Rogers, Carl 623 Rogers, George 622 Eogers, MarvS 621 Rogers, Roniavne R. 624 Holland. Alice C. . 622 Rolland.EllaM 622 Roller, Carrie 631 Rollund. Helen 620 Rood, Prentice 622 Rood. Mary. ... 619, 622 Rosenthal. Dora. 620, 623 Rouse, George E 622 Rouse, Henry E 622 Roulet, Charles 623 Rowe, Mary 618 Rowland, Fanny 615 Page. Eundell, Fred 622 Russell, Jennie 622 SARGENT, Emma 620 Sargent, Lottie. 620 Sawyer, Carrie M 622 Sawyer, Elizabeth E. 621 Sawyer. Libbie 633 Sawyer, Theo. 616,624,635 Schaal. Lutie 62.3 Schenek, Ellen 617 Schiller, Lizzie.. 619, 622 Sihmuck, Therese .. 616 Schnetzler, Kate M.. 622 Schrender, Augusta.. 619 Sehurtz, Jennie 621 Schuyler, A. 633 Scott, .\nnie 622 Scott, Charles I. 613, 617, 634 Scott, Cora __ 625 Scott, Eva M 622 Scott, Frank A 621 Scott, Frank J.. 6)5,630 Scott, J. Austin 615 Scott, Mrs. J. Austin, 615 Scott, Jessup W..611, 630 Scott, Julia 625 Scott, Maurice 630 Scott, S. B.. 612,624,634 Scott, Wm. H 630, 636 Scribner, Josie D 622 Seagrave, A. R 630 Seagrave, F. E 629 Secor, Arthur J 621 Secor, Sarah 617 Segur, Daniel ...613,634 Segnr, Fannie.. 621 Seller, Catherine 619 Sellerey, Fannie J .. 622 Sharkey, Delia 630 Sharkey, M 619 Shaw, b. C 633 Shaw, Jennie 631 Shaw, PeterH 612.631 Sliaw, Vf. D 617 Sheahan, Kate 623 Sheahan, Lizzie 619 Shepard, Evelvu A. 615, 621 Shepard. J. D... 634 Sherring, Kate 617 .Sherwood, James B.. 622 Sherwood, Nora 632 Shoemaker, Mary B . 621 Shoemaker, Fred. B. 634 Shoemaker, Matthew 629 Shoemaker. Kate 615 Shurtz, Harriet E 6;l Sinclair, John 6.35 Sizer, Miss L 615 Skeldon, Grace ..630, 623 Slevin, Alice 622 SUvin, Clara 621 Slevin, Will 6-'3 Sloan, Julia .\ 617 Smart, .Tames H 618 Smart, Stephen 618 Smead, Caroline L .. 624 Smead, Marian _ 624 Smeiid, Mary E. 624 Smith, Augusta 618 Smith, Barton ... __ 625 Smith. David 624 Smith, D. B 614, 635 Smith, Edna 6v8 Smith, (Jertrude 615 Smith, Julia 621 Smith, Julia A 622 Smith. Jennie 631 Smith, Leonora E .. 622 Smith, Maria 618 Smith, Marion 623 Smith, .Mnry 621 Smith, Mary L 622 Smith, Sarah 618, 630 Smith, Thomas J 621 Smith, Will 623 Smith, W. A 633 Smith, W. H H. 615, 620, 633, 635 .Smith, William K 621 Smyth Anson,6n,615,617 Snell. Andrew J 621 Snell, Levi 612, 631 Snow, May 620 Snyder, Alice 621 Southard, Alta 622 Southard, Carrie D.. 621 Southard, Eleanor .. 621 Southard, Elisha 622 Southard, Elizabeth, 618, 620 Page, Southard, Emily 618 Southard, Prank E . 623 Southworth, B. P 6.33 Spear, S. A 633 Spencer, Charles S ..621 Spencer, Eliza M.620, 623 Spencer, Geo P.. 620 624 Spielbusch, Clara 619,622 Spink, John C 611 Sprague, Hattie 631 Springer. Emily. .615, 620 Squire, Joab 635 Squires, George 622 Stainthorpe,Grace620,623 Stebbins. A. T 629 Steele. Alice J 621 Steele,CharlotteA.615,620 Steele, Dennison 613 Steele, Julia A .. 615, 620 Stem. Arthur M ... 6.30 Stephau, Louise E .. 621 Stern, Jennie 621 Stevens. Albert 615 Stevens, Andrew 6.34 Stevens, Chas. N 624 Stevens, Lucy lA 617 Stevens, Oliver 612 Stewart, Ella May .. 622 Stewart, Jennie 622 Stiles, .Samuel C 635 St. John, Eva 630 St. John, Sarah 617 Stock. Minnie 621 Storne, Lewis E 6-'2 Storrs, Miss H. F 617 Stowe, Alfred 613 Stowe, Roswell 613 Streeter, R. M....618, 630 Strong. Hazael 611 Sullivan, Kate. ^..620, 633 Sumner, Mattie L ... 618 Suydam, Henry H .. 632 Swain, Luella 622 Swain, Mary E 617 Swift, Anna E 615 Swift, C. J....620, 624, 635 Swift, Dauiel 613 Swigart, Kate 623 TALMADGE, Elliott 623 Tanner, Frank H 621 Tanner, Julia 623 Taylor, H. Burton, 615, 621, 634 Taylor, .\nna 623 Taylor, Ella 618, 024 Taylor, Emma M 619 Taylor. Libbie 622 Telford, Mattie 619 Temple, Thomas 625 Thomas, E. D 617 Thom]>son, .-Vdelia.. 618 ThorDragger,Panline,619 Thorp, Mrs 619 Thrif^t, Lilly 623 Thurstin, Wesley S. 625 Tiedike, Kate...' 620 Tiropauy, Flora 620 Timpanv, Janet 620 Tilrteu, M. H 634 Tillinghast, Jay 622 Tinker. Emma J 621 Titus, Anna 617. 618 Titus, Augusta 618 Titus, J. A 634 Titus, Miss M. C 617 Tolman, Mary 617 Tourtillotte, E'lla M. 631 Tracy, Frank 623 Trost, George 623 Trowbridge, Ella E.. 622 Trowbridge. Marietta 622 Tupper. Mary E 617 Turner, Ml.ss.S. S 617 Twitchell, Myron h. 618 T.vler, Rachel 615, 620 UHL. John B 623 Chi, Joseph... 623 Underwood, Abbie R 621 VALENTINE, Hattie 62:s Valentine, Minnie.. 623 Vallette, Jennie, 620, 623 Vogel, John 621 Vogel. Joshua F 621 Vogel, Will 622 Vogel. Lucy Janet... 623 Vordtriede", Henry C. 622 Vordtriede, Julius... 617 Page. WACHENHEIMER. Gertie, 632 Wachenheimer, Ly- man W '.. 633 Wachter, Harry 623 Wadsworth, Decius, 613. 624 Waggoner, Carrie R., 61.5, 625 Waggoner,M.EIla618, 621 Waggoner,RalphH624,635 Wagner, Alice ...62:3, 1.29 Waite, Alberts 623 Waite, Alice... ,. 62:3 Waite, Ed. T 616 Waite, George 633 Waite, Geo. S B.33 Waite,John A.620,622,634 Waite, Mary 633 Waite, Richard 635 Waite, Perry .. 6J2 Waite. Warren S 615 Walbridge, Carrie .. 621 Walbridge, Hiram. .. 6:34 AVal bridge, H. B... 614 Walbridge, Thos. H. 621 Walbridge, W. Hunt, 615, 620, 634 Wales, Alida W 633 Wales, Andrew J., 616. 620, 634 Waldron, Mrs. S 633 Walker, Anna 619 Waltz, D. F 617 Warner, Katie B 622 Warner, William 620,623 Warren, Halbut R... 622 Wa.son, Robert A 635 Waterman. Neh 6:35 Watson, Harriet 617 Watson, Sophie. .615,620 Weaver, W.W 633 Webb, John 611 Weber, Anna R 622 Week, Hattie 622 Welch, Mrs __ 619 Wclker. Katy 629 Welker. Phifip .. 621 Wells, Maria B 617 West, A. B 617,6:33 West, C. D 617 West, Charles W 622 West, Jessie 623 West, Miss M. E 618 West, Mary E 617, B22 West, William P 622 Westcott, Nellie 620 Wheeler, Sarah 621 Wheelock, Addie 6:3ii Wheelock, Alim 622 Whitaker, Chas. H... 621 Whitaker, Ella 631 White, Addison 629 White, Miss J.. 6 8 White, Jennie 617 White, Mary J 617 White, Dr. O.scar 633 Whitney, Caroline ._ 617 Whitney, Charles O. 621 Whitney, Daisy...... 6-.;3 Whitney Eliza M... 621 Whitney, James M.. (ill Whitney, Laura. .6.'0.i 23 Whitney, Mvrtie.619, 62:3 Whitton, Nettie (i22 Wiedeman. Marv 620 Wilcox, Mary J."... 621 Wilcox, Ophelia O... 622 Wilcox, Theo 619 Wilhelm, Henry W.. 623 Wiley, Belle 618 Willey, Austin 6i:3 Williams, E ...624 Williams, Jennette.. 620 Williams, Jessie 618 Williams, Josephine A.. 621, 625 Williams. Libbie C 629 Williams, Laura 617 William.s, L\raV...632 Williams, Mary 625 Williams Nettie 623 William.s.Rebecca 621.6.30 Williams, Sibvl 621 Williams, Mrs.S.R.L. 6:30 Williams, Tniie 621 Williams Wm. W... 615 Williamson, C H'...633 Wilson, Eva M 623 Wilson. H. G 634 Wolcott, J 6-'4 Wollert, August 629 Wood, A. H 624 INDIVIVVAL INDKX. Page. Woo.1, FanuyH til7 Wood, H. L 63^ ■.Vood, Jessie 5.. Wood, SueC «1 Woodcox, B. B--.-.bH Woodin, Sylvia v.- oa- Woodniff, Mnna A.. (i21 Woodruff, Miiria..-- W5 Woodruff, Panii-Ua - l>lc Wood? Woo.lw Wrislit Writiht, Wii«lU Wright Wright WriKht Wuerfe Page. Carrie •>« •orth, Alice P. 0'^ , Carrie H.617, &i Harriet Ml Lucy S. 619, li21 , Mary «20 „ Milbourn S- Ii22 ,. Sarab - I'lS I, Anna.. 619, 623 Pa^e. Wuertul.Uirl b^S Wvlie, Belle 'ij' Wvlie, .Teiinie '■>''• Wylie, MaryE K2 Wvlie, Mattie J21 Wyiin, Norma »•«" YARDLEY, Aunie E 621 Yardley, Sarah. ../.°«| Yo.mg, YouiiK, Alex.... 1116. W Young, AlieeG »;-« Yonnj;, Belle W Ml Youni;, Ella «« Young, .lames hi.> Young, ^•"■■y— ;— -^,i Young, Margaret.... 817 Yoiiug, /urilu Ziirllu William... -William 8. .ER, J.W - Irwa.". Cliiia Ida Lena fl.i5 J'aur. ... lai ...Bil .. R8.") ..imi ... (la BENCH AND BAR. A Papc. BBOTT, C. F 514, 519 iVlens, Albert.. 521 Allen, Edsou... Ashley, Chas. S. Austin, I' R -- Austin, Jus. Jr. . 614 . .531 .... 521 ... 521 Cox. J. D CumininKS, J. Curtis, 0. S... W Paqe. ... 525 ... 522 ...522 . 532 . 521 . 523 . .514 BAKER, Wui.. Maker, R. H. Baldwin, C. C....- Baldwin, John T - — _ Bixrber, G. M 52d Barber, Jason A o~i Bartley,T, W 523 Barnes, Silas ou Barton, R.W --522 Bassett, E. P 519 Beard, E. M 522 Beard, P. C 522 Beekham, Carl—--- 522 Beckwith. Ueorge H. 521 Belford, Irviu Beuuett, Henry Bishop, J. P BisseH, Edward Bissell, Ed.. Jr Bissell.H. T Hoalt. C. L... Bolton, Thos Bowen, Ozias Bovntou, W. W... Briiikerhoff, Jacob Brown, Benj. S Brown, Clarence Brown, James M 581 Brumback, 0. S 521 Bunker, H. S 522 Bunn, Charles -^i Burke, Stephenson.. o23 CADWELL, Darius 523 Calder, J. K.... 522 Caldwell, W.B 523 Card, Piatt 514 Carpenter, Clement. 522 Carpenter, J. S 523 Carter, Wm Clark, A. G Clark, Hiram- Clark, Thos... - Chase, J. ii Chase, S. P.... Crane, A. P-.- Cochran, B. H Coffinburv, Andrew. 513 Cofflnbury, J. M 520 DAOGETT, Smith 514 Daniels, W. J.. 513 Davis, J. Baron J™ Dav, Luther 5--3 DeMott, Allison 5id De Witt. J.L 515 DilKart, Henry 513 Dodd, E. S 522 Dodse, Chas 519 Dodge, F. B..-. 522 Don? CM -..-519 Dovle, J. H 515, -528 Po'vle, M. B 520 Draper, Luke 513 Dunlap, Thos 52i llitcheoek, Peter Heisley, John W Hone, Parks .... Hosmer. H. L ... Howe, Henry E. Hudson, P. C . Hueslon, J. M - Humphrey, G. W. Page. . ii-xi ... 623 522 . 824 ... 522 ...522 -...522 522 P ne Paite. Meyer. Seraphim....'^ SmUl; >'-'-;;;;^-;: jj^l Millard, lr\yTn 1 522 -^ "^j^^j'-i.^b 522 Mills. David 513 i '';S'- ,' 11 522 ^!"Se"i-'if "' 5« Spaniding; il. P 5{S,L.w-::::::::522 s;;;^^.^'^.'- Morton.D. U 514 Stan, c. nuiHi-'ii»^-.» , -'■ ■■ -, Huinphreyville, Samrud. Hunt, James E.. .-. 522. Huntsburger, I. N... 5^2 Hurd, F. H 522 INGEUSOLL, J. E- 523 Irving, P. M-..514 Morton, D.u ■>" ''■',,, I Murray Jerome .... 522 »;'.•, 3; "k.. Myers, James S- g ,';,;i;.',| ji. c... ... i> n TACKSON.H. E...5'24 .521 . 514 . 522 514 .514 620 . 614 ,. 523 ..514 .. 522 ..523 .. 514 . 521 T7AT0N, Chas 523 Tj Eckert, a. W... 521 Ec.kert, Edgar H... Emratms, H. H Espy. J. C ... Everett, Clayton W 532 524 619 623 ,, Jackson, Wm. H. 523 John, James 513 ,Tohnson,C.F. ....-— 523 Johnson, Franklin.. 520 Jones. F. A 519 Jones, J. M 522 NEWTON,Ebcn..-522 .Newton, Ji>hn 1.523 Kichok. E. L ....6'2:J, oS.' Noble, Alonzo M3 Nye, E. D 522 ODELL,M. N...-. 522 (jsborn.J.RSH.SIfe Otis, Lucius B. .4tone.iV. B Stone, W. 1'"-. — 52.1 ..514 ..580 .. 514 ..514 ... 520 .. 522 IS Stowell. H. C..- Sumner, C. E... Snt.itI, Milton Swayne, F. }>■- Swayne.N. U.- ..514 ...52S ■"..522 514, 817 515 In 522 rpAYLOR, S. F .... - oV'->-- j^ Thomas, D.E..5« PARKS, L. ^ Payne, R._F.. FARQUHARSON, Andrew .522 Finrefrock, T. P.... 615 .614,515 -.517 .. 520 ,.-523 ... 522 ..- 522 614 522 . 523 . 520 .. 620 .. .523 ,. . .522 .- 5-25 ... 522 . 532 Coldham, A. H i'oUins, W. A Comstock, Calvin-. Coolev. Thomas M. Cook, D. F Cooke, Richard .-.. Commager, D, H.-. Commager. H. S — Corkery, Thomas J 523 . 515 . 513 . 519 . 522 . 634 . 515 - .520 . 522 Fitch, John Fitch. Thomas Foley, Dennis- Foote, Horace. Ford, J. D Ford,S. A Forsyth. R. A. France, G. F - French, J. J 5'5 Ftdler, Rathbun.... 523 C-1EDDES, F. L-.-. 623 y Geer.B. T 623 Gnagv, Jacob 513 Gorrill, Wra. H 520 Greene, J. L- 515 Greer, J. T- 522 HALL, Alraon 522 Hall.W.H 519 Hamilton, E. T 523 Hamilton, J K .- Hanahan, P Harmon, Gilbert Harris. -A.. C Harris, Wm. H .. Harrington, Nat g?J?Ss'6^R.blH;^2,631 Hiett. E. R -.- 622 Higgins, David 51.1 Higgins, M.O - 5-U Hill, A S i;vH- Hill, C.W 514,629 Hippell, J 522 ■f2^EELER, Coleman I Kent, Charles... -514, 522 Kent, Charles E 522 King, Harry E 522 Kinney, G. W - .. 622 Kirby, George P.... 622 Knisely, Isaac B -—5" Kohn, Samuel 522 Kumler, J. F 522 Tiuirstiu, •'"'>™»V,;v %s!^ Thiirstiii, W. b.-52», ..i- ■l'ildeii,M.ll . • Tolerton, E. " ■ 'I racy, T. S..-.- Tucker.W. 11.. ,14, 51K .521, '^ .. .522 522 u PSON.Wm. n.--523 ANE, Ebenczer.. 623 515 522 . 522 . 522 .522 . 620 .5-22 . ,522 . 522 J Lane, W. G-.. 515 Lang, A. E ... Latimer, P. E _ Lee, Henry E =-;' Lee, IraE. .--- »-- Lee, John C...... 522, 6^4 Lemmon, C.H 52 Lemmon,.l.M ....-- 515 Lemmon, R.C.- 515,531 Lewis C. T .^ 521 LivermorcR W-.-520 Lownsbury. L. S .... Rj* Lockwood,W. F. 515 McBAINE. Daniel 519 McClnrc, S. W .5-2 McDonnell, T.J ^22 McGahan. P. A w. McIntosh,.Angus...- 520 McKee, R. M "" McKimm. J. W 530 McKinney. Henry .. 52.1 K 62-2 52;! Pennewcll. C. E .... 51.5 Perigo. C. E ■ ■ v 5.\ Pike, L. H 615,522 PiUiod.J.E 522 Piatt, H.P 522 Poag, John .- »^- Potter, E. D..514 522, .528 ?^fS:^'"D.^i-"-i yj^^^^'^W^ ??X^^;iv:-5s;| wade «•;:«: a:::: ^g Price, J. F ^» we, m. ^.^.^ 5.,, Pt'gBley I. P 6 ■. Wa lU • -.^'.^^^^ ^-i,, 5.^2 Purdy, James 614 ^vaut'_^ ^,^ .^,5 -:^ -RATHBUN,Nathamel JVay ^^pOv."::""" 5U Ray, John.... 520 Raymond, E. P..--- ='5 Reno,Henry, Jr..5M, 522 Kcad,W. H. A 522 Reed, B. F.. ....--522 Richardson. L. G .... ;^- Rickenbaugh,F.W...^.« Ritchie, B. F ---• •'" Ritchie.J.M 531,522 ^^oA..,V.^ --^-^ McMath, J. H. Mackey, John --. Macombcr, A. E . May, John M Meichers. Milo ... Merrill, H. A 622 515 522 514 522 , 522 Bouse, B.W. SADLER, E. B Sala. F. M -;.- Schunk.H.F. ....... 52^ Scott. .VW..,...-5«1.S.2 Scott. I luis. K a-;' Scott. Josiah J" Scril.ner.(;.U..------'.f' Seribner. Harvev. 521,5.2 Searing. Samue^ ..-- •>I3 Sencv, Joshua B.51.5, 522 Shaw, C. G.^ •''•' smith, A. L °^ Webster, W m Wcli-h,Johii ... Wclkcr, Martin Werr, C. L While, Oscar .. White, Wm.... Whitney. Jainei Wickham, C. r-- Wilkinson, I^ li- Williamson,!), i'- Wilson, A. E Wilson, C. <■..... 515 Wiltse. Cornelius... 522 Wing. Warner Wood. Reuben .... Wowlworth, I has.. Worcester, S 1 Wright, FE Wright, J.C 522 ■"■ 52:! ■"■ 624 ■■.:;522 ..51S ■ . 528 M.. 513 .115 . .522 . 622 . 222 . 522 613 .514 . .52:> . !>22 . 515 522 . 622 HYGIENIC. ABBOTT. C. F.. Acklev.Horace Acres. Mrs. Wm ... Anderson, Alex ... Anderson, Wm. J.- Andrews. L. G Austin, D. B. Aris. James F..... Ashley, J. M.& Co Pane. . 574 A..546 .- 515 .. 546 ... 554 ... 554 555 . 5.54 . 659 Paae. Barber, J. J 55» Barber, L. L 5596 Barber, Robert 5M Barker, J. J. =68 Barker, Lewis =** . .557 ..541 . 659 . 5.55 .555 TJABCOCK. H. D.-5.55 W Bach, Wm. J..-5.29 Baker. Wm. -.-..---- SM Bakewell, Fred.W... 660 Bailey, A. W -559 Bailey, George 659 Bailey, Silas 557 Dill l^v,,, ..^ .- Barlow, A. C-.. Barton, Doctor—-. Bartlett. Wm Becker, B .---- Beckwith. Seth W... Bell. R. C 654 Berdan, P. F. ....--- 661 Bergen, S H. 660.5o4, 561 Bergen, Mrs. S.H.... 5.51 Berger. A.- 5M Besaey, J. M 55a Bigelow, Asa "=* Page. Bigelow. F — -.-..- gj Bishop, Mrs. W.H... Ma Bissell, A. F .56^ Black, H. A 8596 Blaikcsley, Bailey.-.. 664 Blauchard, John A.. 654 Blass, J.ames. .--.-.- 6-'|> Blondin, Sister H.... .560 Bodroan, Louis H—. 5.)4 B.nd.J. W......654,.;;61 Bostaler. A. J- f* Bostwick.Manlcy....546 Bostwick,Mr9Manley.54(, Bowen, Geo W.5:vl 561 Bower, & Frederick ..59 Bowman. J. H •;''' Boyd, n.A 668 Page. Brainard,W.S 6«» Brady. Sister -660 Braiin, Valentine .. 5^ Briggs, I>av id L.. 518,55.1 Brighani. <>. S ....... •'•« Brown. Clarence.... 5r|.< Brown. Mrs.T. P....W; |, -.1. (• 11 -- i>*>l Buck', Mrs. Piympton Mil Burnell. S. C... *« Bnrdick, U-ander... .>61 Burger, Adam 659 Burritt, Harvey 544 Burritt.W.H....-.5« Bush, Blakesley ""^"JJ^ -OUNO.S. M.514,822 Page. ptALKINS, KnssellC^^ c;^ponler&Funk..M» Ca.«sclls, .1. N ..... •'••^» Chamberlin. C. S....'.>» Chamhcrlin.II. n Chamberlln. I>. P Chapin, F, C. t'hamplon, Ucv. A Chandler, A...- Cliapin, Mrs. V 564 .Vd I 6(10 ..ssnb ■p...6«l Cliapln, inr». •■ V --^j Chapnmn.Wm. C..*1.!W Chapman, Mrs. W<-..»1 Chn.se. Mi^s llnttie- .>46 Chase, Herbert ....r.V Chase, James I.... M». aw Chase, Mrs. J. L Mo 950 r., ... Page. Cherry, Win 554, 08 1 Chesebro.Mrs.Alonzo 5(il Chesebrough,Julius.5596 Chesebrough, Mrs. J'!''"* 65!» Christy, H. C... S59 Clark, Mrs. i.L..;:::5Bi Ciark, .Jacob 544, 554 Clark, Mrs. H. M... 501 Claypool, Albert. 557, m:i Clemoiis & Hill 550 Cochran. Chas 554 i-reei. INDIVIDUAL INDEX. Coldham, James.554, 5tii ... t; ' . - . Felch, Theo. A ... "sM Fella, J. B . 659 Feriiiebera, G.54'8..554, 581 Field. A. J 587 Fisher, Albert W. 554' 501 I'lsher. Dexter 568 I; eniiiig, A. H 5.i9i Feming, L. 55!I6 Plmn, Mrs. R. D . 6h1 Forbes, Samuel F.554,560 l;orsytli, Mrs. Eliza. 642 I'reeman, J. p . .>igg " " J. W. w;-^m .,ames.554, 661 Fullertou; j; 3.-- sg Collamore", Geo.A".554.5lil Colton, Walter .. _ui Conant, Horatio 55.3, 554 Cook Brolhers. 559 Cook, Chas. H. " .sr2 Cook, J D.._5fi8, 5TO;571 Cook, Mrs. ,T. D k-o Cook, Miss Nellie.'.":: 572 Cook, Thomas M... ,5.n4 Cooke, Jabez M. ■5,54 Coouey, M j ;:: .,,,5 Cosgrore, Thomas . 554 Crabbs, Mrs. Perry .. 6fil Crafts, John M sm Craue, Calvin. ..:"■"'. r,B7 Craven, W. C ""' 554 Cravens, Charles':""" 5.55 Cronise,ThomasJ_.:5.54 Culison, Wm. W....554 Cnllisou. W. W. & Co 5;9 Curammgs, Robert 661 '^i^i^ =^-«> Curlis, D. W /n ARDNER, D. E.. 563 \ r Giininer, John 554 Gates, Anton ..559 '•aylord, E. P .557 Gibbs, Almon ... "'54a Gifford.W. R -55., Gilbert, J. W. & QoV. 5 9 Goclard, Mrs. Alonzo 547 Goldbacli, John 559 Goodwill, E. M .5,57 Gould. Mr.>i. J. G...::561 Graham. Hosmer 547 Graham, Mr.'!. Hosmer P47 Gram, Hans B. 55R Green, C. H-.... f^ Green, Horace .. 545 Green, Joel, Jr. 554 Griffin, B. F.... '"■563 Gunsolus, Kenneth ' .654 Gysel, Robert 559 Kirchmaier, Wra. &^^' Son 569 Kirkley, C. A.. 5.5"4, SHI Kitchen, F. A 5.M Klauser, A. E. 547 KUuscr, Charles.."" .548* Mauser. F. E. .64h Klauser.FranzJnseph 548 Klauser. Herman It .648 Kline, A. T. 5,69;, Kline Mr.<. Wm...!. 561 Kuebler, H. C 5596 LANE, Moses 568 Lawless, James T , . 554, 661 Lawton, W. E 5=9 Lenk, Peter :.": sjio i.ewis, Brothers 559 I-i'lr. .T. W ,6.5"5,.6,69 LjPV^- U-G 5S5 Little, A. H.. ,6.59ft Locke, D. R. 6,66 Lodge, Louis.. 557 Luugreu, Samuel S., 567, 561 McBAIN. Daniel 574 McCann, J. M. 5.69 Pierce, Mrs. H.H..:^%'; Strong, D.G ^'^i S?e;i4^:j:N-::::Sl ^sfe^D---""! Suydam , Sirs. S. - - .561 Plessner. M. C 554 Pratt, William . 564 Pray. Welcome... 541 Prentice, Mrs. Fred 561 Price, ascar F 554 I nest, Jonathan 554 RALSTON, Wm. H .554 T, ', !''i'»"ay.C. S..55.3 Randall, Mrs. A. D Riiyinnnd, Mrs. E. P 561 l!ced, Calvin H.. 552, 554 Ke.-d, (':irl K Reed, Chiicc C Reed, C. H ^'^:ti;r^----^ ^:^rs.M Reed, Harris H. Reed, Hiram J.. Reed, Isaac N. Reed, Mrs. I. N , 553 ...559a ... 559 -.5696 gwaiD.C. H 534 Swa.vne, N. H... .665, 572 Swayne, Wager 561 bwerringer, B. V 554 TAYLOR, Alfred.. 547 Taylor, F. P... 5.57 Taylor, S. C... 5.596 64.D Thompson, John .. " 559 Thorn, Samuel S..65(, 561 Ihursttn. Mrs. W. S .561 Tindall, O. N 5,54 Tipple, K. D :::.657 A .562 . , Mrs. M. C .661 Tracey, James L 555 Trembley. Jerome B. 5.54 Trembley, J.H. & c. A. 659 Trowbridge. Mrs. F.. 561 .. 5.53 ,5.53 561 Re^d! K?;^ni;:: :: Si ^"^'^ Ai%t ^.. ...; s^i ,661 . 655 .. 563 James C. .663 J^AIBER, Mrs. John Danforth, E. C . f^ Daniels, Thomas ssi! 5.59 Daniels, Waldo C ' 553 Darst, Henry H... " lH Davis, Geo. W .. .555", 570 &^" -1 g|Bonncvi„e;Prof::p Delano. m;f-.".-.".-;."."."56X J,'^)ilbiss, Allen. 55 > D mi fP';"'''''-— -553, 554 ijimick. Mrs. c. M 5.5> Donnelly, James ...: 6.65 Doo ey, Albert G . 559 Doo ey, Ert„.i„ ™ Dooley Brothers "5.59 Dougass, Prof. H..:' 569 Douglass, Wm. M.. 5.54 Downs, .Samuel s.M Drake, Dr. Daniel .674 Draper, Luke.,.. 5.59 Duncan A. M Duncan, J A Dustin, N Duval, Rev. F Dwight, Justu.'i . 5.54 555 --- .553 F. B 565 . 553 DeYouviUe:Ma"d"£me560 Husi HALL Hanks. B. H.. ,554 Hamlin. R. E. & Co. 559 Harpster, David . 559 Hart, 5Irs.G.w..:;.56i Harlwell, Emma .. 557 Hartwell, H. W 5.57 Harrouu, C. H. . . . :::5596 Harroiin, David A. ..6596 Haswell, G. R 574 Hathaway, Harri.TOii .5.64 Hathawav, I. N 6(17 Haiighton. Mrs. "Nat. 546 Hayncs, Wm.E ,55-2 Hazlett, Lsaac N. .6.54 Heath, C.R :"""559 Heflron, Edward.. 5696 Heitzman, Andrew Henzler, Wm Heydrich. I,. VT Hickcy, Sister.. Hiett, J. W '■" Higgins. Cha.s. W " Hill, Mrs. A. S...:" Hipp,AMgustiis F g™S, M C 664 Hoeee, Geo. L 554 HopTy, C.&Co 659 Hob y, Fred 518,5.54 Hohly, Pauline... .559 Howard, D. W H Hubbell, Samuel- ' Huflman, W. C Hurd, F. H .- 569 -. 559 .. .5.55 -. 669 -. 5.56 .. 664 -548, 674 " .. 5.54 McGaw. J. A. P 5113 McKnight. C. G 564 McLean, Chas.. 546, r,59 McJIullen & .Moore 5.69 Machen,A. J 555 Machen, H. L R.... .560 Jlaher, .lohn T 568 Maher, W. H ::; 663 Ma one, Ed 563,568 Ma one, M. J ■ Infantry Segimenls.-Uth pages 127 15^ i^.i ," . ! ^' "''" ''" ^"'""^ "^ ^°^>ov.-s : ■ and Memorial Toledo Cadets, pages 278-279. c/ ^ OS '^-m\ U iW'y ■■''JU2 flCflfx^ ^OFC tllBRAR' iV ARYO/^ 7vi = ^ ^^^ %1]d; U?0R4^, ^1 ILS rV- I ^ '^n\w University of California SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 305 De Neve Drive - Parking Lot 17 • Box 951388 LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90095-1388 Return this material to the library from which it was borrowed. ^"■■■? on 7 f 7"^ SRLF WEEK LOAN ^1= r I? i^ ^i o I1VER% l\ERS/A - JUJf^fl'll JT- \UTaaii 3*' o ■■i'P.PARV/)^ ^^T-UBRARYO/C ' \ -< -5" % ^^■ '%ojnv3jo>' ^OFfAlllFO% ■^ \c% <^iMmmfh %OJI1VDJO'^ ^0FCAIIF0%, '^c'Aavaani^ .\WEUNIVERS ,-5J^EUNIVERy/A ^i?A)jvyaiv^^ %a3AINflJWV ^lOSANCElfj-^ o o •^^■'"^RARYQc, "^/iaMiNnmv ^^tllBRARYOr ^lOSANCElfj> • •5a3AINll«||j Or O "^J^llDNVSOl^ 1^ .^ ■^AaJAINrt 3ViV ^lOSANCElfX;^ "^/ia^MNOJWV ^tllBRARYQ<- ^IIIBRARYQ^ ^OAavaan-^^ >&AHvaan-^v^ ^^MEUNIVER% ^lOSANCEl .^WEUNIVER% . , ^ ^ o %a3AiNim\v' ^lOSANC[t£r.> "^aJAiNdiw^^^ Vc. lARYQr, < ii i 7^^ ^ ^lllBRARY&Aava3ni'^ .^\^E•UNIVERS•/A ^lOSAKCElfj> o ^\WEUNIVER% _ o %a3AINI1-3\\V^ ^sS;lOSANCElfj> o ^^^lllBRARYOc. ^1 irl ^OFCA1IFO% ten.Mi.'d ittV^ ^(9A!iVJ!nnT^"^ ^lUBRARYO/-^ ti- t^ «;;0FCA1IF0P' -''(PAHVHSli >- ^v\El• 1^ ^/saaAiNn^ftv ,#' '^.i/OdlWJJO'^ ^OFrAllFOft^ ^OAavaaii-^^ ^>N^ =0 3 .A;OFCAllF0/^fv '^OAavaan-i'v^ ^Mf•liNIVER% '%0JI1V3J0>' ■- OCT <£ ^lOSANCElfr. 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