ENGLISH WORDS \ND PHRASES S ISEL)6yC.O.S.MAWSON I VRCE- TYPE- EDrl ION &~4t. &i?-r Rogets Thesaurus OF ENGLISH WORDS AND PHRASES CLASSIFIED AND ARRANGED SO AS TO FACILITATE THE EX- PRESSION OF IDEAS AND ASSIST IN LITERARY COMPOSITION EDITED BY C. O. SYLVESTER MAWSON, Litt.D., M.R. A.S., F.S.A. Associate Editor of the Standard English Dictionary; Consulting Specialist to the Oxford English Dictionary; Revising Editor of Webster's New International Dictionary; Revising Editor of Sanskrit and Anglo-Indian Terms in the Century Dictionary; Member of the London Philological Society, American Oriental Society, Society Asiatique of France, etc. NEW YORK THOMAS Y. CROWELL COMPANY PUBLISHERS Copyright, 1911, By THOMAS Y. CROWELL COMPANY. GIFT EDITOR'S PREFACE There is perhaps no more striking testimony to the usefulness of Roget's The- saurus (on which this work is based) than the many editions which have been period- ically demanded. This very popularity lays an added responsibility upon the pub- lishers, and makes the editor's task one of no slight undertaking. A treasury of words and ideas must keep pace with the growth of knowledge and language or lose its place in the forerank of indispensable volumes. To enhance the value of the book and bring it abreast of modern culture and requirements was the aim of the present editor. The original plan of the work has been followed in the main, for that which has stood the test of over half a century, and made the name of Roget of almost classic worth, is not one to be lightly abandoned. But while the labors of the author have been embodied in their entirety, so many new features have been introduced and the time-honored structure has been so much enlarged and modernized that this edition may not unreasonably claim to be a new work, and not a revision in the usual significance of the term. A comparison of the new Index with the old will afford some idea of the extended scope of the present work. Briefly the new features are these : — 1. All obsolete words are so characterized. The editor's first inclination was to eliminate them, but realizing that their retention might be of service to many writers, and the more so if clearly indicated, the method of marking common to many dictionaries was adopted. The Oxford English Dictionary was the final authority for determining these obsoletisms. 2. Slang and cant expressions are specially marked, so as to increase the useful- ness of the book to the playwright, the novelist, and the writer generally. In every instance the leading dictionaries (Oxford, Webster's, Century, and Standard) have been followed in distinguishing such terms from those of unchallenged acceptance. 3. Americanisms have been introduced for the first time in any edition of the Thesaurus. Just as no English dictionary would be complete which did not em- body these virile specimens of our language, so is their inclusion all the more in- cumbent in a work of this nature. Great care was called for in the selection and grouping of these New World expressions. The list, though by no means exhaust- ive, is probably more representative and complete than any collection of Amer- icanisms outside a modern dictionary. What is an Americanism? The answer is essentially complex. The term includes (1) English words employed differently to what they are in Great Britain; (2) words that are archaic or obsolescent in Eng- land, but of everyday usage in America; (3) English provincialisms in general use on this side of the Atlantic; (4) words which have changed their meaning in Eng- land, but still retain their original meaning here; (5) words assimilated from Euro- pean and Indian languages; (6) negroisms; (7) words of strictly American coinage. In treading on such debatable ground the ordinary dictionary of Americanisms is not found to be very reliable, for it frequently includes as " Americanisms " many words by no means peculiar to this country and which are as much British as Amer- ican. Webster's New International Dictionary proved itself a safer guide, and in characterizing the various Americanisms its lead was invariably followed. The innovation should be one of undoubted utility, besides preventing confusion in the choice of true American terms. 4. Numerous phrases and quotations have been added, and their authors cited. In making these selections the needs of the average individual and of the scholar were alike borne in mind. 5. The Index has been thoroughly revised and enlarged, the numerous errors and M725868 EDITOR'S PREFACE omissions of the old edition being duly rectified ; while all new words and phrases have been included. The New Thesaurus presents a wider range of discriminated synonyms than has ever been attempted in a similar work. The writer at a loss for a word, none the less than the purist and the scholar who seek the finer shades of language, will find here the expression which exactly fits the need. The professional man, the orator, the statesman, the minister, as well as the journalist and litterateur, should find the Thesaurus an invaluable and inspiring aid. Its use to the student and the teacher needs no emphasizing, for there are few institutions where "Roget" is not freely employed. Its value in assisting and stimulating the writing of essays and theses has been recognized by educators throughout the English-speaking world, and it is hoped the present volume will prove of still greater service. C. O. Sylvester Mawson. ri CONTENTS PAGE Introduction , ix Plan of Classification xx Tabular Synopsis of Categories xxi Abbreviations, etc. xxxii Space-saving Devices xxxiii How to Use the Book xxxiv THESAURUS OF ENGLISH WORDS AND PHRASES CLASS I Words Expressing Abstract Relations Existence — Relation — Quantity — Order — Number — Time — Change — Causation . 1 CLASS II Words Relating to Space Space in General — Dimensions — Form — Motion . 55 CLASS III Words Relating to Matter Matter in General — Inorganic Matter — Organic Matter 95 CLASS IV Words Relating to the Intellectual Faculties (I) Formation of Ideas. — Operations of Intellect in General — Precursory Conditions and Operations — Materials for Reasoning — Reasoning Processes — Results of Reasoning — Extension of Thought — ■ Creative Thought ...... 127 (II) Communication of Ideas. — Nature of Ideas Communicated — Modes of Communi- cation — Means of Communication 155 CLASS V Words Relating to the Voluntary Powers (I) Individual Volition. — Volition in General — Prospective Volition — Voluntary Ac- tion — Antagonism — Results of Action ......... 184 (II) Intersocial Volition. — General Intersocial Volition — Special Intersocial Volition — Conditional Intersocial Volition — Progressive Relations 246 CLASS VI Words Relating to the Sentient and Moral Powers Affections in General — Personal Affections — Sympathetic Affections — Moral Affections — Religious Affections 273 Index 349 vii INTRODUCTION The present Work is intended to supply, with respect to the English language, a desideratum hitherto unsupplied in any language; namely, a collection of the words it contains and of the idiomatic combinations peculiar to it, arranged, not in alphabetical order as they are in a Dictionary, but according to the ideas which they express. 1 The purpose of an ordinary dictionary is simply to explain the meaning of words; and the problem of which it professes to furnish the solution may be stated thus: — The word being given, to find its signification, or the idea it is intended to convey. The object aimed at in the present undertaking is ex- actly the converse of this : namely, — The idea being given, to find the word, or words, by which that idea may be most fitly and aptly expressed. For this pur- pose, the words and phrases of the language are here classed, not according to their sound or their orthography, but strictly according to their signification. The communication of our thoughts by means of language, whether spoken or written, like every other object of mental exertion, constitutes a peculiar art, which, like other arts, cannot be acquired in any perfection but by long-continued practice. Some, indeed, there are more highly gifted than others with a facility of expression, and naturally endowed with the power of eloquence; but to none is it at all times an easy process to embody, in exact and appropriate language, the various trains of ideas that are passing through the mind, or to depict in their true colors and proportions, the diversified and nicer shades of feeling which ac- company them. To those who are unpracticed in the art of composition, or un- used to extempore speaking, these difficulties present themselves in their most formidable aspect. However distinct may be our views, however vivid our con- ceptions, or however fervent our emotions, we cannot but be often conscious that the phraseology we have at our command is inadequate to do them justice. We seek in vain the words we need, and strive ineffectually to devise forms of expression which shall faithfully portray our thoughts and sentiments. The appropriate terms, notwithstanding our utmost efforts, cannot be conjured up at will. Like "spirits from the vasty deep," they come not when we call; and we are driven to the employment of a set of words and phrases either too general or too limited, too strong or too feeble, which suit not the occasion, which hit not the mark we aim at; and the result of our prolonged exertion is a style at once labored and obscure, vapid and redundant, or vitiated' by the still graver faults of affectation or am- biguity. It is to those who are thus painfully groping their way and struggling with the difficulties of composition, that this Work professes to hold out a helping hand. The assistance it gives is that of furnishing on every topic a copious store of words and phrases, adapted to express all the recognizable shades and modifications of the general idea under which those words and phrases are arranged. The inquirer can readily select, out of the ample collection spread out before his eyes in the fol- lowing pages, those expressions which are best suited to his purpose, and which might not have occurred to him without such assistance. In order to make this selection, he scarcely ever need engage in any critical or elaborate study of the subtle distinctions existing between synonymous terms; for if the materials set before him be sufficiently abundant, an instinctive tact will rarely fail to lead him to the proper choice. Even while glancing over the columns of this Work, his eye may chance to light upon a particular term, which may save the cost of a clumsy paraphrase, or spare the labor of a tortuous circumlocution. Some felicitous turn 1 See note on p. xviii, ix INTRODUCTION of expression thus introduced will frequently open to the mind of the reader a whole vista of collateral ideas, which could not, without an extended and obtrusive epi- sode, have been unfolded to his view; and often will the judicious insertion of a happy epithet, like a beam of sunshine in a landscape, illumine and adorn the sub- ject which it touches, imparting new grace and giving life and spirit to the picture. Every workman in the exercise of his art should be provided with proper im- plements. For the fabrication of complicated and curious pieces of mechanism, the artisan requires a corresponding assortment of various tools and instruments. For giving proper effect to the fictions of the drama, the actor should have at his disposal a well-furnished wardrobe, supplying the costumes best suited to the per- sonages lie is to represent. For the perfect delineation of the beauties of nature, the painter should have within reach of his pencil every variety and combination of hues and tints. Now, the writer, as well as the orator, employs for the accom- plishment of his purposes the instrumentality of words; it is in words that he clothes his thoughts; it is by means of words that he depicts his feelings. It is therefore essential to his success that he be provided with a copious vocabulary, and that he possess an entire command of all the resources and appliances of his language. To the acquisition of this power no procedure appears more directly conducive than the study of a methodized system such as that now offered to his use. The utility of the present Work will be appreciated more especially by those who are engaged in the arduous process of translating into English a work written in another language. Simple as the operation may appear, on a superficial view, of rendering into English each of its sentences, the task of transfusing, with per- fect exactness, the sense of the original, preserving at the same time the style and character of its composition, and reflecting with fidelity the mind and the spirit of the author, is a task of extreme difficulty. The cultivation of this useful depart- ment of literature was in ancient times strongly recommended both by Cicero and by Quintilian, as essential to the formation of a good writer and accomplished orator. Regarded simply as a mental exercise, the practice of translation is the best training for the attainment of that mastery of language and felicity of diction, which are the sources of the highest oratory, and are requisite for the possession of a graceful and persuasive eloquence. By rendering ourselves the faithful inter- preters of the thoughts and feelings of others, we are rewarded with the acquisition of greater readiness and facility in correctly expressing our own; as he who has best learned to execute the orders of a commander, becomes himself best qualified to command. In the earliest periods of civilization, translators have been the agents for prop- agating knowledge from nation to nation, and the value of their labors has been inestimable; but, in the present age, when so many different languages have be- come the depositories of the vast treasures of literature and of science which have been accumulating for centuries, the utility of accurate translations has greatly increased, and it has become a more important object to attain perfection in the art. The use of language is not confined to its being the medium through which we communicate our ideas to one another; it fulfills a no less important function as an instrument of thought; not being merely its vehicle, but giving it wings for flight. Metaphysicians are agreed that scarcely any of our intellectual operations could be carried on to any considerable extent, without the agency of words. None but those who are conversant with the philosophy of mental phenomena, can be aware of the immense influence that is exercised by language in promoting the develop- ment of our ideas, in fixing them in the mind, and in detaining them for steady contemplation. Into every process of reasoning, language enters as an essential element. Words are the instruments by which we form all our abstractions, by which we fashion and embody our ideas, and by which we are enabled to glide along a series of premises and conclusions with a rapidity so great as to leave in the memory no trace of the successive steps of the process; and we remain uncon- INTRODUCTION scious how much we owe to this potent auxiliary of the reasoning faculty. It is on this ground, also, that the present Work founds a claim to utility. The review of a catalogue of words of analogous signification, will often suggest by association other trains of thought; which, presenting the subject under new and varied as- pects, will vastly expand the sphere of our mental vision. Amidst the many ob- jects thus brought within the range of our contemplation, some striking similitude or appropriate image, some excursive flight or brilliant conception, may flash on the mind, giving point and force to our arguments, awakening a responsive chord in the imagination or sensibility of the reader, and procuring for our reasonings a more ready access both to his understanding and to his heart. It is of the utmost consequence that strict accuracy should regulate our use of language, and that every one should acquire the power and the habit of expressing his thoughts with perspicuity and correctness. Few, indeed, can appreciate the real extent and importance of that influence which language has always exercised on human affairs, or can be aware how often these are determined by causes much slighter than are apparent to a superficial observer. False logic, disguised under specious phraseology, too often gains the assent of the unthinking multitude, dis- seminating far and wide the seeds of prejudice and error. Truisms pass current, and wear the semblance of profound wisdom, when dressed up in the tinsel garb of antithetical phrases, or set off by an imposing pomp of paradox. By a confused jargon of involved and mystical sentences, the imagination is easily inveigled into a transcendental region of clouds, and the understanding beguiled into the belief that it is acquiring knowledge and approaching truth. A misapplied or misappre- hended term is sufficient to give rise to fierce and interminable disputes; a misnomer has turned the tide of popular opinion ; a verbal sophism has decided a party ques- tion; an artful watchword, thrown among combustible materials, has kindled the flame of deadly warfare, and changed the destiny of an empire. In constructing the following system of classification of the ideas which are ex- pressible by language, my chief aim has been to obtain the greatest amount of practical utility. I have accordingly adopted such principles of arrangement as appeared to me to be the simplest and most natural, and which would not require, either for their comprehension or application, any disciplined acumen, or depth of metaphysical or antiquarian lore. Eschewing all needless refinements and subtle- ties, I have taken as my guide the more obvious characters of the ideas for which expressions were to be tabulated, arranging them under such classes and categories as reflection and experience had taught me would conduct the inquirer most readily and quickly to the object of his search. Commencing with the ideas expressing abstract relations, I proceed to those which relate to space and to the phenomena of the material world, and lastly to those in which the mind is concerned, and which comprehend intellect, volition, and feeling; thus establishing six primary Classes of Categories. 1. The first of these classes comprehends ideas derived from the more general and Abstract Relations among things, such as Existence, Resemblance, Quantiy, Order, Number, Time, Power. 2. The second class refers to Space and its various relations, including Motion, or change of place. 3. The third class includes all ideas that relate to the Material World ; namely, the Properties of Matter, such as Solidity, Fluidity, Heat, Sound, Light, and the Phe- nomena they present, as well as the simple Perceptions to which they give rise. 4. The fourth class embraces all ideas of phenomena relating to the Intellect and its operations; comprising the Acquisition, the Retention, and the Communica- tion of Ideas. 5. The fifth class includes the ideas derived from the exercise of Volition; em- bracing the phenomena and results of our Voluntary and Active Powers; such as Choice, Intention, Utility, Action, Antagonism, Authority, Compact, Property, &c. 6. The sixth and last class comprehends all ideas derived from the operation of xi INTRODUCTION our Sentient and Moral Powers; including our Feelings, Emotions, Passions, and Moral and Religious Sentiments. 1 The further subdivisions and minuter details will be best understood from an in- spection of the Tabular Synopsis of Categories prefixed to the Work, in which are specified the several topics or heads of signification, under which the words have been arranged. By the aid of this table, the reader will, with a little practice, readily discover the place which the particular topic he is in search of occupies in the series; and on turning to the page in the body of the Work which contains it, he will find the group of expressions he requires, out of which he may cull those that are most appropriate to his purpose. For the convenience of reference, I have designated each separate group or heading by a particular number; so that if, during the search, any doubt or difficulty should occur, recourse may be had to the copious alphabetical Index of words at the end of the volume, which will at once indicate the number of the required group. 2 The object I have proposed to myself in this Work would have been but imper- fectly attained if I had confined myself to a mere catalogue of words, and had omitted the numerous phrases and forms of expression composed of several words, which are of such frequent use as to entitle them to rank among the constituent parts of the language. 3 Very few of these verbal combinations, so essential to the knowledge of our native tongue, and so profusely abounding in its daily use, are to be met with in ordinary dictionaries. These phrases and forms of expression I have endeavored diligently to collect and to insert in their proper places, under the general ideas that they are designed to convey. Some of these conventional forms, indeed, partake of the nature of proverbial expressions; but actual proverbs, as such, being wholly of a didactic character, do not come within the scope of the present Work; and the reader must therefore not expect to find them here inserted. 4 For the purpose of exhibiting with greater distinctness the relations between words expressing opposite and correlative ideas, I have, whenever the subject ad- mitted of such an arrangement, placed them in two parallel columns in the same page, so that each group of expressions may be readily contrasted with those which occupy the adjacent column, and constitute their antithesis. By carrying the eye from the one to the other, the inquirer may often discover forms of expression, of which he may avail himself advantageously, to diversify and infuse vigor into his phraseology. Rhetoricians, indeed, are well aware of the power derived from the skillful introduction of antitheses in giving point to an argument, and imparting force and brilliancy to the diction. A too frequent and indiscreet employment of this figure of rhetoric may, it is true, give rise to a vicious and affected style; but 1 It must necessarily happen in every system of classification framed with this view, that ideas and expressions arranged under one class must include also ideas relating to another class; for the operations of the Intellect generally involve also those of the Will, and vice versa; and our Affections and Emotions, in like manner, generally imply the agency both of the Intellect and of the Will. All that can be effected, therefore, is to arrange the words according to the principal or dominant idea they convey. Teaching, for example, although a Voluntary act, relates prima- rily to the Communication of Ideas, and is accordingly placed at No. 637, under Class IV, Divi- sion (II). On the other hand, Choice, Conduct, Skill, &c, although implying the cooperation of Voluntary with Intellectual acts, relate principally to the former, and are therefore arranged under Class V. 2 It often happens that the same word admits of various applications, or may be used in differ- ent senses. In consulting the Index the reader will be guided to the number of the heading under which that word, in each particular acceptation, will be found, by means of supplementary words printed in Italics; which words, however, are not to be understood as explaining the meaning of the word to which they are annexed, but only as assisting in the required reference. I have also, for shortness' sake, generally omitted words immediately derived from the primary one inserted, which sufficiently represents the whole group of correlative words referable to the same heading. Thus the number affixed to Beauty applies to all its derivatives, such as Beautiful, Beauteous, Beautifulness, Beautifully, &c, the insertion of which was therefore needless. 3 For example : — To take time by the forelock; — to turn over a new leaf; — to show the white feather; — to have a finger in the pie; — to let the cat out of the bag; — to take care of number one; — to kill two birds with one stone, &c, &c. 4 See Trench, On the Lessons in Proverbs. xii INTRODUCTION it is unreasonable to condemn indiscriminately the occasional and moderate use of a practice on account of its possible abuse. The study of correlative terms existing in a particular language, may often throw valuable light on the manners and customs of the nations using it. Thus, Hume has drawn important inferences with regard to the state of society among the ancient Romans, from certain deficiencies which he remarked in the Latin language. 1 In many cases, two ideas which are completely opposed to each other, admit of an intermediate or neutral idea, equidistant from both; all these being expressible by corresponding definite terms. Thus, in the following examples, the words in the first and third columns, which express opposite ideas, admit of the intermediate terms contained in the middle column, having a neutral sense with reference to the former. Identity, Difference, Contrariety. Beginning, Middle, End. Past, Present, Future. In other cases, the intermediate word is simply the negative to each of two op- posite positions ; as, for example, — Convexity, Flatness, Concavity. Desire, Indifference, Aversion. Sometimes the intermediate word is properly the standard with which each of the extremes is compared; as in the case of Insufficiency, Sufficiency, Redundance; for here the middle term, Sufficiency, is equally opposed, on the one hand to In- sufficiency, and on the other to Redundance. These forms of correlative expressions would suggest the use of triple, instead of double, columns, for tabulating this threefold order of words; but the practical inconvenience attending such an arrangement would probably overbalance its advantages. It often happens that the same word has several correlative terms, according to the different relations in which it is considered. Thus, to the word Giving are op- posed both Receiving, and Taking; the former correlation having reference to the persons concerned in the transfer, while the latter relates to the mode of transfer. Old has for opposite both New and Young, according as it is applied to things or to living beings. Attack and Defense are correlative terms; as are also Attack and Re- sistance. Resistance, again, has for its other correlative Submission. Truth in the abstract is opposed to Error; but the opposite of Truth communicated is Falsehood. Acquisition is contrasted both with Deprivation and with Loss. Refusal is the counterpart both of Offer and of Consent. Disuse and Misuse may either of them be considered as the correlative of Use. Teaching, with reference to what is taught, 1 "It is an universal observation," he remarks, "which we may form upon language, that where two related parts of a whole bear any proportion to each other, in numbers, rank, or con- sideration, there are always correlative terms invented which answer to both the parts,_ and ex- press their mutual relation. If they bear no proportion to each other, the term is only invented for the less, and marks its distinction from the whole. Thus, man and woman, master and servant, father and son, prince and subject, stranger and citizen, are correlative terms. But the words sea- man, carpenter, smith, tailor, &c, have no correspondent terms, which express those who are no seamen, no carpenters, &c. Languages differ very much with regard to the particular words where this distinction obtains; and may thence afford very strong inferences concerning the manners and customs of different nations. The military government of the Roman emperors had exalted the soldiery so high that they balanced all the other orders of the state: hence miles and paganus became relative terms; a thing, till then, unknown to ancient, and still so to modern languages." — "The term for a slave, born and bred in the family was verna. As servus was the name of the genus, and verna of the species without any correlative, this forms a strong presump- tion that the latter were by far the least numerous: and from the same principles I infer that if the number of slaves brought by the Romans from foreign countries had not extremely exceeded those which were bred at home, verna would have had a correlative, which would have expressed the former species of slaves. But these, it would seem, composed the main body of the ancient slaves, and the latter were but a few exceptions." — Hume, Essay on the Populousness of Ancient Nations. The warlike propensity of the same nation may, in like manner, be inferred from the use of the word hostis to denote both a foreigner and an enemy. xjii INTRODUCTION is opposed to Misteaching; but with reference to the act itself, its proper reciprocal is Learning. Words contrasted in form do not always bear the same contrast in their mean- ing. The word Malefactor, for example, would, from its derivation, appear to be exactly the opposite of Benefactor: but the ideas attached to these two words are far from being directly opposed; for while the latter expresses one who confers a benefit, the former denotes one who has violated the laws. Independently of the immediate practical uses derivable from the arrangement of words in double columns, many considerations, interesting in a philosophical point of view, are presented by the study of correlative expressions. It will be found, on strict examination, that there seldom exists an exact opposition between two words which may at first sight appear to be the counterparts of one another; for, in general, the one will be found to possess in reality more force or extent of meaning than the other with which it is contrasted. The correlative term some- times assumes the form of a mere negative, although it is really endowed with a considerable positive force. Thus Disrespect is not merely the absence of Respect; its signification trenches on the opposite idea, namely, Contempt. In like manner, Untruth is not merely the negative of Truth; it involves a degree of Falsehood. Ir- religion, which is properly the want of Religion, is understood as being nearly syn- onymous with Impiety. For these reasons, the reader must not expect that all the words which stand side by side in the two columns shall be the precise correlatives of each other; for the nature of the subject, as well as the imperfections of language, renders it impossible always to preserve such an exactness of correlation. There exist comparatively few words of a general character to which no correl- ative term, either of negation or of opposition, can be assigned, and which there- fore require no corresponding second column. The correlative idea, especially that which constitutes a sense negative to the primary one, may, indeed, be formed or conceived; but, from its occurring rarely, no word has been framed to represent it ; for, in language, as in other matters, the supply fails when there is no probability of a demand. Occasionally we find this deficiency provided for by the contriv- ance of prefixing the syllable non; as, for instance, the negatives of existence, per- formance, payment, &c, are expressed by the compound words, nonexistence, non- performance, nonpayment, &c. Functions of a similar kind are performed by the prefixes dis-, 1 anti-, contra-, mis-, in-, and un-. 2 With respect to all these, and es- pecially the last, great latitude is allowed according to the necessities of the case; a latitude which is limited only by the taste and discretion of the writer. On the other hand, it is hardly possible to find two words having in all respects the same meaning, and being therefore interchangeable; that is, admitting of being employed indiscriminately, the one or the other, in all their applications. The in- vestigation of the distinctions to be drawn between words apparently synonymous, forms a separate branch of inquiry, which I have not presumed here to enter upon ; for the subject has already occupied the attention of much abler critics than my- self, and its complete exhaustion would require the devotion of a whole life. The purpose of this Work, it must be borne in mind, is, not to explain the signification of words, but simply to classify and arrange them according to the sense in which they are now used, and which I presume to be already known to the reader. I enter into no inquiry into the changes of meaning they may have undergone in the course of time. 3 I am content to accept them at the value of their present cur- 1 The words disannul and dissever, however, have the same meaning as annul and sever; to unloose is the same as to loose, and inebriety is synonymous with ebriety. 2 In the case of adjectives, the addition to a substantive of the terminal syllable less, gives it a negative meaning: as taste, tasteless; care, careless; hope, hopeless; friend, friendless; fault, fault- less; &c. 3 Such changes are innumerable: for instance, the words tyrant, parasite, sophist, churl, knave, villain, anciently conveyed no opprobrious meaning. Impertinent merely expressed irrelative; and implied neither rudeness nor intrusion, as it does at present. Indifferent originally meant impartial; extravagant was simply digressive; and to prevent was properly to precede and assist. The old translations of the Scriptures furnish many striking examples of the alterations which xiv INTRODUCTION rency, and have no concern with their etymologies, or with the history of their transformations ; far less do I venture to thrid the mazes of the vast labyrinth into which I should be led by any attempt at a general discrimination of synonyms. The difficulties I have had to contend with have already been sufficiently great, without this addition to my labors. The most cursory glance over the pages of a Dictionary will show that a great number of words are used in various senses, sometimes distinguished by slight shades of difference, but often diverging widely from their primary signification, and even, in some cases, bearing to it no perceptible relation. It may even happen that the very same word has two significations quite opposite to one another. This is the case with the verb to cleave, which means to adhere tenaciously, and also to separate by a blow. To propugn sometimes expresses to attack; at other times to defend. To let is to hinder, as well as to permit. To ravel means both to entangle and to disentangle. Shameful and shameless are nearly synonymous. Priceless may either mean invaluable or of no value. Nervous is used sometimes for strong, at other times for weak. The alphabetical Index at the end of this Work sufficiently shows the multiplicity of uses to which, by the elasticity of language, the meaning of words has been stretched, so as to adapt them to a great variety of modified sig- nifications in subservience to the nicer shades of thought, which, under peculiarity of circumstances, require corresponding expression. Words thus admitting of different meanings, have therefore to be arranged under each of the respective heads corresponding to these various acceptations. There are many words, again, which express ideas compounded of two elementary ideas belonging to different classes. It is therefore necessary to place these words respectively under each of the generic heads to which they relate. The necessity of these repetitions is in- creased by the circumstance, that ideas included under one class are often con- nected by relations of the same kind as the ideas which belong to another class. Thus we find the same relations of order and of quantity existing among the ideas of Time as well as those of Space. Sequence in the one is denoted by the same terms as sequence in the other; and the measures of time also express the measures of space. The cause and the effect are often designated by the same word. The word Sound, for instance, denotes both the impression made upon the ear by sonorous vibrations, and also the vibrations themselves, which are the cause or source of that impression. Mixture is used for the act of mixing, as well as for the product of that operation. Taste and Smell express both the sensations and the qualities of material bodies giving rise to them. Thought is the act of thinking; but the same word denotes also the idea resulting from that act. Judgment is the act of deciding, and also the decision come to. Purchase is the acquisition of a thing by payment, as well as the thing itself so acquired. Speech is both the act of speak- ing and the words spoken; and so on with regard to an endless multiplicity of words. Mind is essentially distinct from Matter; and yet, in all languages, the attributes of the one are metaphorically trpnsferred to those of the other. Matter, in all its forms, is endowed by the figurative genius of every language with the functions which pertain to intellect; and we perpetually talk of its phenomena and of its powers, as if they resulted from the voluntary influence of one body on another, acting and reacting, impelling and being impelled, controlling and being controlled, as if animated by spontaneous energies and guided by specific intentions. On the other hand, expressions, of which the primary signification refers exclusively to the properties and actions of matter, are metaphorically applied to the phenomena of thought and volition, and even to the feelings and passions of the soul; and m speaking of a ray of hope, a shade of doubt, & flight of fancy, & flash of wit, the warmth of emotion, or the ebullitions of anger, we are scarcely conscious that we are em- ploying metaphors which have this material origin. As a general rule, I have deemed it incumbent on me to place words and phrases which appertain more especially to one head, also under the other heads to which time has brought in the signification of words. Much curious information on this subject is contained in Trench's Lectures on the Study of Words. XV INTRODUCTION they have a relation, whenever it appeared to me that this repetition would suit the convenience of the inquirer, and spare him the trouble of turning to other parts of the work; for I have always preferred to subject myself to the imputation of redundance, rather than incur the reproach of insufficiency. 1 When, however, the divergence of the associated from the primary idea is sufficiently marked, I have contented myself with making a reference to the place where the modified signification will be found. But in order to prevent needless extension, I have, in general, omitted conjugate words 2 which are so obviously derivable from those that are given in the same place, that the reader may safely be left to form them for himself. This is the case with adverbs derived from adjectives by the simple addi- tion of the terminal syllable -ly; such as closely, carefully, safely, &c, from close, careful, safe, &c, and also with adjectives or participles immediately derived from the verbs which are already given. In all such cases, an "&c." indicates that reference is understood to be made to these roots. I have observed the same rule in compiling the Index; retaining only the primary or more simple word, and omit- ting the conjugate words obviously derived from them. Thus I assume the word short as the representative of its immediate derivatives shortness, shorten, shorten- ing, shortened, shorter, shortly, which would have had the same references, and which the reader can readily supply. The same verb is frequently used indiscriminately either in the active or transi- tive, or in the neuter or intransitive sense. In these cases, I have generally not thought it worth while to increase the bulk of the Work by the needless repetition of that word; for the reader, whom I suppose to understand the use of the words, must also be presumed to be competent to apply them correctly. There are a multitude of words of a specific character which, although they properly occupy places in the columns of a dictionary, yet, having no relation to general ideas, do not come within the scope of this compilation, and are conse- quently omitted. 3 The names of objects in Natural History, and technical terms belonging exclusively to Science or to Art, or relating to particular operations, and of which the signification is restricted to those specific objects, come under this category. Exceptions must, however, be made in favor of such words as admit of metaphorical application to general subjects, with which custom has associated them, and of which they may be cited as being typical or illustrative. Thus, the word Lion will find a place under the head of Courage, of which it is regarded as the type. Anchor, being emblematic of Hope, is introduced among the words express- ing that emotion ; and in like manner, butterfly and weathercock, which are suggestive of fickleness, are included in the category of Irresolution. With regard to the admission of many words and expressions, which the classi- cal reader might be disposed to condemn as vulgarisms, or which he, perhaps, might stigmatize as pertaining rather to the slang than to the legitimate language of the day, I would beg to observe, that, having due regard to the uses to which this Work was to be adapted, I did not feel myself justified in excluding them solely on that ground, if they possessed an acknowledged currency in general intercourse. It is obvious that, with respect to degrees of conventionality, I could not have at- 1 Frequent repetitions of the same series of expressions, accordingly, will be met with under various headings. For example, the word Relinquishment, with its synonyms, occurs as a head- ing at No. 624, where it applies to intention, and also at No. 782, where it refers to property. The word Chance has two significations, distinct from one another: the one implying the absence of an assignable cause; in which case it comes under the category of the relation of Causation, and occupies the No. 156: the other, the absence of desigri, in which latter sense it ranks under the operations of the Will, and has assigned to it the place No. 621. I have, in like manner, dis- tinguished Sensibility, Pleasure, Pain, Taste, &c, according as they relate to Physical, or to Moral Affections; the former being found at Nos. 375, 377, 378, 390, &c, and the latter at Nos. 822, 827, 828, 850, &c. 2 By "conjugate or paronymous words is meant, correctly speaking, different parts of speech from the same root, which exactly correspond in point of meaning." — A Selection of English Synony?ns, edited by Archbishop Whately. 3 [This rule was not in all cases rigorously observed by the author; and the present editor has used his discretion in including such words in the interest of the general writer. C. O. S. M.] INTRODUCTION tempted to draw any strict lines of demarcation; and far less could I have presumed to erect any absolute standard of purity. My object, be it remembered, is not to regulate the use of words, but simply to supply and to suggest such as may be wanted on occasion, leaving the proper selection entirely to the discretion and taste of the employer. If a novelist or a dramatist, for example, proposed to delineate some vulgar personage, he would wish to have the power of putting into the mouth of the speaker expressions that would accord with his character; just as the actor, to revert to a former comparison, who had to personate a peasant, would choose for his attire the most homely garb, and would have just reason to complain if the theatrical wardrobe furnished him with no suitable costume. Words which have, in process of time, become obsolete, are of course rejected from this collection. 1 On the other hand, I have admitted a considerable number of words and phrases borrowed from other languages, chiefly the French and Latin, some of which may be considered as already naturalized; while others, though avowedly foreign, are frequently employed in English composition, particularly in familiar style, on account of their being peculiarly expressive, and because we have no corresponding words of equal force in our own language. 2 The rapid ad- vances which are being made in scientific knowledge, and consequent improvement in all the arts of life, and the extension of those arts and sciences to so many new purposes and objects, create a continual demand for the formation of new terms to express new agencies, new wants, and new combinations. Such terms, from being at first merely technical, are rendered, by more general use, familiar to the multitude, and having a well-defined acceptation, are eventually incorporated into the language, which they contribute to enlarge and to enrich. Neologies of this kind are perfectly legitimate, and highly advantageous; and they necessarily in- troduce those gradual and progressive changes which every language is destined to undergo. 3 Some modern writers, however, have indulged in a habit of arbi- trarily fabricating new words and a newfangled phraseology, without any ne- cessity, and with manifest injury to the purity of the language. This vicious prac- tice, the offspring of indolence or conceit, implies an ignorance or neglect of the riches in which the English language already abounds, and which would have sup- plied them with words of recognized legitimacy, conveying precisely the same meaning as those they so recklessly coin in the illegal mint of their own fancy. A work constructed on the plan of classification I have proposed might, if ably executed, be of great value, in tending to limit the fluctuations to which language has always been subject, by establishing an authoritative standard for its regula- tion. Future historians, philologists, and lexicographers, when investigating the period when new words were introduced, or discussing the import given at the present time to the old, might find their labors lightened by being enabled to ap- peal to such a standard, instead of having to search for data among the scattered writings of the age. Nor would its utility be confined to a single language; for the principles of its construction are universally applicable to all languages, whether living or dead. On the same plan of classification there might be formed a French, a German, a Latin, or a Greek Thesaurus, possessing, in their respective spheres, the same advantages as those of the English model. 4 Still more useful would be a 1 [An appreciable number of obsolete terms have nevertheless found their way into the The- saurus, but these in the present edition have been specially characterized, thus rendering the book of enhanced value to the dramatist and litterateur. C. O. S. M.J 2 All these words and phrases are printed in Italics. 3 Thus, in framing the present classification, I have frequently felt the want of substantive terms corresponding to abstract qualities or ideas denoted by certain adjectives; and have been often tempted to invent words that might express these abstractions: but I have yielded to this temptation only in the four following instances; having framed from the adjectives irrelative, amorphous, sinistral, and gaseous, the abstract nouns irrelation, amor ph ism, sinistrality, and gaseity. I have ventured also to introduce the adjective intersocial, to express the active voluntary relations between man and man. 4 [Similar works in other languages have since appeared, notably Dictionnaire Ideologique by T. Robertson (Paris, 1859); Deutscher Sprachschatz by D. Sanders (Hamburg, 1878), and Deutscher Worlschatz, oder Der passende Ausdruck by A. Schelllng (Stuttgart, 1892). C. O. S. M.] xvii INTRODUCTION conjunction of these methodized compilations in two languages, the French and English, for instance; the columns of each being placed in parallel juxtaposition. No means yet devised would so greatly facilitate the acquisition of the one language, by those who are acquainted with the other: none would afford such ample assist- ance to the translator in either language; and none would supply such ready and effectual means of instituting an accurate comparison between them, and of fairly appreciating their respective merits and defects. In a still higher degree would all those advantages be combined and multiplied in a Polyglot Lexicon constructed on this system. Metaphysicians engaged in the more profound investigation of the Philosophy of Language will be materially assisted by having the ground thus prepared for them, in a previous analysis and classification of our ideas; for such classification of ideas is the true basis on which words, which are their symbols, should be classi- fied. 1 It is by such analysis alone that we can arrive at a clear perception of the relation which these symbols bear to their corresponding ideas, or can obtain a correct knowledge of the elements which enter into the formation of compound ideas, and of the exclusions by which we arrive at the abstractions so perpetually resorted to in the process of reasoning, and in the communication of our thoughts. Lastly, such analyses alone can determine the principles on which a strictly Philosophical Language might be constructed. The probable result of the construc- tion of such a language would be its eventual adoption by every civilized nation; thus realizing that splendid aspiration of philanthropists, — the establishment of a Universal Language. However Utopian such a project may appear to the present generation, and however abortive may have been the former endeavors of Bishop Wilkins and others to realize it, 2 its accomplishment is surely not beset with greater difficulties than have impeded the progress to many other beneficial objects, which in former times appeared to be no less visionary, and which yet were successfully achieved, in later ages, by the continued and persevering exertions of the human intellect. Is there at the present day, then, any ground for despair, that at some future stage of that higher civilization to which we trust the world is gradually 1 The principle by which I have been guided in framing my verbal classification is the same as that which is employed in the various departments of Natural History. Thus the sectional divisions I have formed, correspond to Natural Families in Botany and Zoology, and the filiation of words presents a network analogous to the natural filiation of plants or animals. The following are the only publications that have come to my knowledge in which any attempt has been made to construct a systematic arrangement of ideas with a view to their expression. The earliest of these, supposed to be at least nine hundred years old, is the Amera C6sha, or Vocabulary of the Sanscrit Language, by Amera Sinha, of which an English translation, by the late Henry T. Colebrooke, was printed at Serampoor, in the year 1808. The classification of words is there, as might be expected, exceedingly imperfect and confused, especially in all that relates to abstract ideas or mental operations. This will be apparent from the very title of the first section, which comprehends "Heaven, Gods, Demons, Fire, Air, Velocity, Eternity, Much:" while Sin, Virtue, Happiness, Destiny, Cause, Nature, Intellect, Reasoning, Knowledge, Senses, Tastes, Odors, Colors, are all included and jumbled together in the fourth section. A more logical order, however, pervades the sections relating to natural objects, such as Seas, Earth, Towns, Plants, and Animals, which form separate classes; exhibiting a remarkable effort at analysis at so remote a period of Indian literature. The well-known work of Bishop Wilkins, entitled, An Essay towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language, published in 1668, had for its object the formation of a system of sym- bols which might serve as a universal language. It professed to be founded on a "scheme of analysis of the things or notions to which names were to be assigned;" but notwithstanding the immense labor and ingenuity expended in the construction of this system, it was soon found to be far too abstruse and recondite for practical application. In the year 1797, there appeared in Paris an anonymous work, entitled "Pasigraphie, ou Premiers Elements du nouvel Art-Science d'ecrire et d'imprimer une langue de maniere a etre lu et entendu dans toute autre langue sans traduction," of which an edition in German was also pub- lished. It contains a great number of tabular schemes of categories; all of which appear to be excessively arbitrary and artificial, and extremely difficult of application, as well as of appre- hension. 2 "The Languages," observes Home Tooke, "which are commonly used throughout the world, are much more simple and easy, convenient and philosophical, than Wilkins's scheme for a real character; or than any other scheme that has been at any other time imagined or proposed for the purpose." — "Eirea llrepdevra, p. 125. xviii INTRODUCTION tending, some new and bolder effort of genius towards the solution of this great problem may be crowned with success, and compass an object of such vast and paramount utility? Nothing, indeed, would conduce more directly to bring about a golden age of union and harmony among the several nations and races of mankind than the removal of that barrier to the interchange of thought and mutual good understanding between man and man, which is now interposed by the diversity of their respective languages. P. M. ROGET. Xi- \ PLAN OF CLASSIFICATION Class I. ABSTRACT RELATIONS J II. SPACE III. MATTER IV. INTELLECT . V. VOLITION . . . VI. AFFECTIONS Section Nos. I. Existence 1 to 8 II. Relation 9-24 III. Quantity 25- 57 IV. Order 58-83 V. Number 84-105 VI. Time 106-139 VII. Change 140-152 VIII. Causation 153-179 I. Generally 180-191 II. Dimensions 192-239 III. Form 240-263 IV. Motion 264-315 I. Generally 316-320 II. Inorganic 321-356 III. Organic 357-449 Division (I.) Formation of Ideas 450-515 (II.) Communication of Ideas 516-599 (I.) Individual 600-736 (II.) Intersocial 737-819 Section I. Generally 820-826 II. Personal 827-887 III. Sympathetic 888-921 IV. Moral 922-975 V. Religious 976-1000 XX TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES I. EXISTENCE 1. Abstract . 2. Concrete. 3. Formal. 4. Modal. . . II. RELATION 1. Absolute. Class I. ABSTRACT RELATIONS 1. Existence. 3. Substantiality Internal 5. Intrinsicality Absolute 7. State 2. Continuous. 3. Partial. . . . 4. General. . III. QUANTITY 1. Simple. . . 9. Relation 11. Consanguinity 12. Correlation 13. Identity 16. Uniformity 17. Similarity 19. Imitation 21. Copy 23. Agreement 2. Inexistence 4. Unsubstantiality External 6. Extrinsicality Relative 8. Circumstance 10. Irrelation 14. Contrariety 15. Difference 16a. Nonuniformity 18. Dissimilarity 20. Nonimitation 20a. Variation 22. Prototype 24. Disagreement 25. r27. 2. Comparative. 3. Conjunctive. 4. Concrete. IV. ORDER 1. General. . 31. 33. 35. 37. 39. 41. 43. 45. 46. ,48. f 50. 52. 54. 56. Absolute Relative Quantity 26. Degree Equality 28. Inequality 29. Mean 30. Compensation By Comparison with a Standard Greatness 32. Smallness By Comparison with a Similar Object Superiority 34. Inferiority Changes in Quantity 36. Decrease Increase Addition Adjunct Mixture Junction Vinculum Coherence Combination Whole Completeness Composition Component 38. 2. Consecutive. 3. Collective ;i 58. Order ' 60. Arrangement ' 62. Precedence 64. Precursor 66. Beginning 69. Continuity 71. Term 72. Assemblage 74. Focus J Nonaddition } Subduction 40. Remainder 40a. Decrement 42. Simpleness 44. Disjunction 47. Incoherence 49. Decomposition 51. Part 53. Incompleteness 55. Exclusion 57. Extraneous 59. Disorder 61. Derangement 63. Sequence 65. Sequel 67. End 68. Middle 70. Discontinuity 73. j Nonassemblage I Dispersion TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES 4. Distributive. 5. Categorical V. NUMBER 1. Abstract . . . 2. Determinate. 3. Indeterminate VI. TIME 75. Class 76. Inclusion 78. Generality 80. Rule 82. Conformity 84. Number 85. Numeration 86. List 87. Unity 89. Duality 90. Duplication 92. Triality 93. Triplication 95. Quaternity 96. Quadruplication . 98. Five, &c. '100. Plurality 102. Multitude 104. Repetition [105. Infinity f 106. Time 1. Absolute 77. Exclusion 79. Speciality 81. Multiformity 83. Unconformity 88. Accompaniment 91. Bisection 94. Trisection 97. Quadrisection 99. Quinquesection, &c. 100a. Fraction 101. Zero 103. Fewness 107. Neverness /. to Succession. 2. Relative 2. to a Period . 3. to an Effect or Pur- pose 3. Recurrent. VII. CHANGE 108. i 108a 110. 112. 114. f 116. 118. 120. 121. 123. 125. 127. 129. 132. 134. 136. 138. Definite Indefinite Period 109. Course Contingent Duration Diuturnity 111. Transientness Perpetuity Chronometry Priority Present time Synchronism Futurity Newness Morning Youth Infant Earliness Occasion Frequency Periodicity 1. Simple. 140. Change 142. Cessation 144. Conversion 113. Instantaneity 115. Anachronism 117. Posteriority 119. Different time 122. Pretention 124. Oldness 126. Evening 128. Age 130. Veteran 131. Adolescence 133. Lateness 135. Intempestivity 137. Infrequency 139. Irregularity 141. Permanence 143. Continuance 2. Complex VIII. CAUSATION 1. Constancy of Sequence . 146. Revolution 147. Substitution 149. Changeableness Present 151. Eventuality 145. Reversion 148. Interchange 150. Stability Future 152. Destiny 2. Connection between Cause and Effect 153. 155. ( Constant Antecedent ■, K i \ Cause. { Assignment of I Cause 1 Attribution j Constant Sequent 1 Effect ( Absence of As- 156. j signment I Chance 3. Power in Operation. 157. Power. 158. Impotence Degrees of Power 160. Weakness 162. Destruction 159. Strength 161. Production 163. Reproduction 164. Producer 166. Paternity 168. Productiveness 170. Agency 171. Energy 173. Violence 165. Destroyer 167. Posterity 169. Unproductiveness 172. Inertness 174. Moderation xxii TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES (175. Influence 176. Tendency 177. Liability 5. Combinations of Causes 178. Concurrence 175a. Absence of fluence 179. Counteraction In- Class II. SPACE I. SPACE IN GENERAL i 180a. Inextension 1. Abstract Space 180. { Indefinite ( Space 181. \ definite ( Region i CO j Limited 182, I Place 183. Situation 184. Location 185. Displacement 186. Presence 187. Absence 3. Existence in Space < 188. Inhabitant 189. Abode .190. Contents 191. Receptacle II. DIMENSIONS r 192. Size 193. Littleness 1. General < 194. Expansion 195. Contraction 196. Distance 197. Nearness ,198. Interval 199. Contiguity 200. Length 201. Shortness 202. ( Breadth I Thickness 2qo j Narrowness ' / Thinness 204. Layer 205. Filament 206. Height 207. Lowness 208. Depth 209. Shallowness 210. Summit 211. Base 212. Verticality 213. Horizontality 214. Pendency 215. Support 216. Parallelism 217. Obliquity 218. Inversion 219. Crossing 220. Exteriority 221. Interiority 222. Centrality 223. Covering 224. Lining 225. Investment 226. Divestment 227. Circumjacence 228. Interjacence 229. 230. 231. Circumscription Outline Edge 3. Centrical 232. 233. Inclosure Limit '234. Front 235. Rear o 236. Laterality 237. Contraposition ,238. Dextrality 239. Sinistrality III. FORM 240. Form 241. Amorphism 242. Symmetry 243. Distortion '244. Angularity 245. 247. Curvature Circularity 246. Straightness 248. Convolution 249. Rotundity 250. Convexity 252. Concavity 251. Flatness 253. Sharpness 254. Bluntness 255. Smoothness 256. Roughness 257. Notch 258. Fold 259. Furrow 260. Opening 261. Closure ,262. Perforator 263. Stopper XXUI TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES 1. Motion in General. IV. MOTION 264. Motion 266. Journey 268. Traveler 270. Transference 271. Carrier 272. Vehicle 2. Degrees of Motion 274. Velocity 3. Conjoined with Force 276. Impulse 278. Direction 280. Precession 282. Progression 284. Propulsion 286. Approach 288. Attraction 290. Convergence 292. Arrival 294. Ingress 296. Reception 298. Food 300. Insertion 302. Passage 303. Transcursion 305. Ascent 307. Elevation 309. Leap 311. Circuition 312. Rotation 314. Oscillation 315. Agitation 4. With reference to Direction Class III. MATTER I. MATTER IN GENERAL. II. INORGANIC MATTER 1. Solids 2. Fluids . / . In General 2. Specific. 3. In Motion 3. Imperfect Fluids . . . III. ORGANIC MATTER f316. \ 318. [319. 321. 323. 325. • 327. 329. 330. 331. 333. 335. f337. 339. 341. 343. 345. '347. 348. s 350. [352. 354. Materiality World Gravity Density Hardness Elasticity Tenacity Texture Pulverulence Friction Fluidity Liquefaction Water Moisture Ocean (Gulf ( Lake Marsh Stream River Conduit Semiliquidity Pulpiness 1. Vitality xxiv 1 . In General i 2. Special ' 357. Organization 359. Life ' 364. Animality 366. Animal 368. Zoology 370. Cicuration 372. Mankind 373. Man 265. Quiescence 267. Navigation 269. Mariner 273. Ship 275. Slowness 277. Recoil 279. Deviation 281. Sequence 283. Regression 285. Traction 287. Recession 289. Repulsion 291. Divergence 293. Departure 295. Egress 297. Ejection 299. Excretion 301. Extraction 304. Shortcoming 306. Descent 308. Depression 310. Plunge 313. Evolution 317. Immateriality 320. Levity 322. Rarity 324. Softness 326. Inelasticity 328. Brittleness 332. Lubrication 334. Gaseity 336. Vaporization 338. Air 340. Dryness 342. Land 344. Plain 346. Island 349. Wind 351. Air pipe 353. Bubble 355. Unctuousness 356. Oil 356a. Resin 358. Inorganization 360. Death 361. Killing 362. Corpse 363. Interment 365. Vegetability 367. Vegetable 369. Botany 371. Agriculture 374. Woman TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES 1. General \{1) Touch. (2) Heat. I 2. Special (3) Taste U) Odor (5) Sound (6) Light. 375. 377. 379. 380. [382. 384. 386. 388. 389. 390. 392. 393. 394. 396. 398. 400. 402. 404. 406. 408. 410. 411. 413. 415. 416. 417. 418. 420. 423. 425. Sensibility Pleasure Touch Sensations of touch Heat Calefaction Furnace Fuel Thermometer. Taste Pungency Condiment Savoriness Sweetness Odor Fragrance 376. Insensibility 378. Pain 381. Numbness 383. Cold 385. Refrigeration 387. Refrigeratory 391. Insipidity Sound Loudness Snap Resonance Stridor Cry 395. Unsavoriness 397. Sourness 399. Inodorousnesa 401. Fetor (i) Sound in General 403. Silence 405. Faintness (ii) Specific Sounds 407. Roll 408a. Nonresonance 409. Sibilation 412. Ululation (iii) Musical Sounds 414. Discord 428. 430. 432. 434. 436. 438. 440. 441. 444. 445. 446. 448. j Melody I Concord Music Musician Musical instruments (iv) Perception of Sound Hearing 419. Deafness (i) Light in General Light 421. Darkness 422. Dimness Luminary 424. Shade Transparency 426. Opacity 427. Semitransparency (ii) Specific Light Color 429. Achromatism Whiteness 431. Blackness Gray 433. Brown Redness 435. Greenness Yellowness 437. Purple Blueness 439. Orange Variegation (iii) Perceptions of Light Vision 442. Blindness 443. Dim-sightedness Spectator Optical Instruments Visibility 447. Invisibility Appearance 449. Disappearance I. Operations of Intellect in Gen eral II. Precursory Conditions and Oper- ations Class IV. INTELLECT Division (I). Formation of Ideas (450. Intellect 451. 453. 455. 457. 459. 461. 463. 464. 465. 466. Thought Idea Curiosity Attention Care Inquiry Experiment Comparison Discrimination Measurement 450a. Absence of Intel- lect 452. Incogitancy 454. Topic 456. Incuriosity 458. Inattention 460. Neglect 462. Answer 465a. Indiscrimination xxv TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES III. Materials for Reasoning IV. Reasoning Processes. V. Results of Reasoning VI. Extension of Thought. . 1. To the Past. 467. Evidence 468. Counterevidence 469. Qualification Degrees of Evidence 471. Impossibility 473. Improbability 475. Uncertainty A77 j Intuition *"• J Sophistry 479. Confutation 481. Misjudgment 470. Possibility 472. Probability 474. Certainty 476. Reasoning 478. Demonstration ' 480. Judgment 480a. Discovery 482. Overestimation 484. Belief 486. Credulity 488. Assent 490. Knowledge 492. Scholar 494. Truth 496. Maxim aqc S Intelligence 4ys ' \ Wisdom 500. Sage 502. Sanity 505. Memory 507. Expectation 2. To the Future. . . \ 510. Foresight 511. Prediction 512. Omen 513. Oracle VII. Creative Thought 3 514 - Supposition ( 515. Imagination 483. Underestimation a QK S Unbelief 4S °- \ Doubt 487- Incredulity 489. Dissent 491. Ignorance 493. Ignoramus 495. Error 497. Absurdity Faculties 4qq J Imbecility 4yy - \ Folly 501. Fool 503. Insanity 504. Madman 506. Oblivion 508. Inexpectation 509. Disappointment Division (II). Communication of Ideas I. Nature of Ideas Communicated. II. Modes of Communication. III. Means of Communication 1. Natural Means. f 516. 518. 521. 522. 524. 525. 527. 529. 531. 532. 534. 535. Meaning Intelligibility 520 Metaphor Interpretation Interpreter Manifestation Information Disclosure Publication News Messenger Affirmation 537. Teaching 540. Teacher 543. Veracity 547. Dupe 517. Unmeaningness 519. Unintelligibility Equivocalness 523. Misinterpretation 526. Latency 528. Concealment 530. Ambush 533. Secret 536. Negation ( 538. Misteaching { 539. Learning 541. Learner 542. School 544. Falsehood 545. Deception 546. Untruth 548. Deceiver 549. Exaggeration ' 550. Indication 551. Record 553. Recorder 554. Representation 556. Painting 557. Sculpture 558. Engraving 559. Artist 552. Obliteration 555. Misrepresentation xxvi TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES 2. Conven- tional Means 1. Language Generally 2. Spoken Language • 8. Written Language 560. Language 561. Letter 562. Word 564. Nomenclature 566. Phrase 567. Grammar 569. Style 563. Neology 565. Misnomer 568. Solecism 570. Perspicuity 572. Conciseness 574. Vigor 576. Plainness 578. Elegance 580. Voice 582. Speech 584. Loquacity 586. Allocution 588. Interlocution 590. Writing 592. Correspondence 594. Description 595. Dissertation 596. Compendium 597. Poetry { 599. The Drama Qualities of Style 571. Obscurity 573. Diffuseness 575. Feebleness 577. Ornament 579. Inelegance 581. Aphony 583. Stammering 585. Taciturnity 587. Response 589. Soliloquy 591. Printing 593. Book 598. Prose Class V. VOLITION Division (I). Individual Volition '600. Will 601. Necessity 602. Willingness 603. Unwillingness 604. Resolution 605. Irresolution r l. Acts 604a. Perseverance 606. Obstinacy < 607. Tergiversation 608. Caprice 609. Choice ( 609a. Absence of Choice I 610. Rejection I. Volition in 611. Predetermination 612. Impulse General L 613. Habit 614. Desuetude 2. Causes ^ 615. Motive ( 615a. Absence of Motive ( 616. Dissuasion 617. Plea 3. Objects 618. Good 619. Evil 620. Intention 621. Chance . 622. Pursuit 623. Avoidance 624. Relinquishment 625. Business 626. Plan 627. Method 628. Mid-course 629. Circuit 630. Requirement 1. Actual Subservience 631. Instrumentality 632. Means 633. Instrument 634. Substitute II. Prospective 635. Materials Volition 636. Store 637. Provision 638. Waste 2. Subservience to Ends. . , 639. 641. Redundance Sufficiency 640. Insufficiency 2. Degree of Subservience 642. Importance 643. Unimportance 644. Utility 645. Inutility 646. Expedience 647. Inexpedience 648. Goodness 649. Badness 650. Perfection 651. Imperfection 652. Cleanness 653. Uncleanness 654. Health 655. Disease * k 656. Salubrity 657. Insalubrity xxvu TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES ■ r658. Improvement 659. Deterioration 660. Restoration 661. Relapse 662. Remedy 663. Bane 3. Contingent Subservience 2. Subservience to 664. Safety 665. Danger 666. Refuge 667. Pitfall II. Prospective 668. Warning Volition — con- 669. Alarm tinued 670. 671. 672. Preservation Escape Deliverance '673. Preparation 674. Nonpreparatior 3. Precursory Meas- 675. Essay ures ■ 676. Undertaking Use 677. (678. ( 679. Disuse Misuse ! 680. Action 681. Inaction 682. Activity 683. Inactivity 684. Haste 685. Leisure 686. Exertion 687. Repose 688. Fatigue 689. Refreshment 690. Agent 691. Workshop III. Action '692. 693. 694. 695. Conduct Direction Director Advice 696. Council 697. Precept 698. Skill 699. Unskillfulness 700. Proficient 701. Bungler ,702. Cunning 703. Artlessness ' 1. Conditional 704. Difficulty 705. Facility '706. Hindrance 707. Aid 708. Opposition 709. Cooperation 710. Opponent 711. Auxiliary IV. Antagonism ■ 712. Party 713. Discord 714. Concord 715. Defiance 716. Attack 717. Defense 2. Active ■ 718. Retaliation 719. Resistance 720. Contention 721. Peace 722. Warfare 723. Pacification 724. Mediation 725. Submission 726. Combatant 727. Arms 728. Arena >729. Completion 730. Noncompletion 731. Success 732. Failure 733. Trophy 734. Prosperity 735. Adversity 736. Mediocrity Division (II) . Intersocial Volition r 737. Authority 738. Laxity 739. Severity 740. Lenity 741. Command 742. Disobedience 743. Obedience 744. Compulsion 745. Master 746. Servant 747. Scepter I. General • 748. Freedom 749. Subjection 750. Liberation 751. 752. Restraint Prison 753. Keeper 754. Prisoner 755. Commission 756. 757. Abrogation Resignation 758. Consignee Deputy xxvin TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES '760. Permission 761. Prohibition 762. Consent 763. Offer 764. Refusal 765. Request 766. Deprecation 767. Petitioner '768. Promise 768a. Release 769. Compact 770. Conditions 771. Security 772. Observance 773. Nonobservance 774. Compromise IV. Possessive Relations f775. Acquisition 776. Loss 777. Possession 777a. Exemption 778. 779. Participation Possessor 780. Property 781. Retention 782. Relinquishment ; 783. Transfer 784. Giving 785. Receiving 786. Apportionment 2. Transfer of Property i 787. 789. Lending Taking 788. Borrowing 790. Restitution 791. Stealing 792. Thief 793. Booty '794. Barter 795. Purchase 796. Sale 3. Interchange of Property 797. 798. Merchant Merchandise 799. Mart '800. Money 801. Treasurer 802. Treasury 803. Wealth 804. Poverty 805. Credit 806. Debt 4. Monetary Relations < 807. S09. Payment Expenditure 808. Nonpayment 810. Receipt 811. Accounts 812. Price 813. Discount 814. Dearness 815. Cheapness 816. Liberality 817. Economy ,818. Prodigality 819. Parsimony Class ^ !l. AFFECTIONS '820. Affections 821. Feeling I. AFFECTIONS GENERALLY. . . 822. Sensibility 823. Insensibility 824. Excitation ,825. Excitability 826. Inexcitability II. PERSONAL "827. Pleasure 828. Pain 829. Pleasureableness 830. Painfulness 831. Content ( 832. Discontent { 833. Regret 1. Passive 834. 836. Relief Cheerfulness 835. Aggravation 837. Dejection 838. Rejoicing 839. Lamentation 840. Amusement 841. Weariness 842. Wit 843. Dullness 844. Humorist 845. Beauty 846. Ugliness 847. Ornament 848. Blemish 849. Simplicity 850. Taste 851. Vulgarity ,852. Fashion XXJX TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES 2. Discriminative — continued . 3. Prospective. 858. Hope 861. Courage 863. Rashness 865. Desire 866. 4. Contemplative. 5. Extrinsic. III. SYMPATHETIC 870. 872. f 873. 875. 877. 878. 880. 882. 883. 884. 885. 887. Wonder Prodigy Repute Nobility Title Pride Vanity Ostentation Celebration Boasting Insolence Blusterer 1. Social. '888. Friendship 890. Friend 892. Sociality 894. Courtesy 896. Congratulation 897. Love 899. Favorite 902. Endearment 903. Marriage 906. Benevolence 2. Diffusive. 3. Special. . . 4. Retrospective IV. MORAL 1. Obligations. . . 910. Philanthrophy 912. Benefactor 914. Pity 915. Condolence 916. Gratitude 918. Forgiveness 853. Ridiculousness 854. Fop 855. Affectation 856. Ridicule 857. Laughingstock {859. Hopelessness 860. Fear 862. Cowardice 864. Caution 867. Dislike Indifference 868. P'astidiousness 869. Satiety 871. Expectance 874. Disrepute 876. Commonalty 879. Humility 881. Modesty 886. Servility 889. Enmity 891. Enemy 893. Seclusion 895. Discourtesy 898. Hate 900. Resentment 901. Irascibility 901a. Sullenness 904. Celibacy 905. Divorce 907. Malevolence 908. Malediction 909. Threat 911. Misanthropy 913. Evil doer 914a. Pitilessnesa 917. Ingratitude 919. Revenge 920. Jealousy 921. Envy 2. Sentiments 3. Conditions. '922. Right 924. Dullness 926. Duty 928. Respect 931. Approbation 933. Flattery 935. Flatterer 937. Vindication 939. Probity 942. Disinterestedness 944. Virtue 946. Innocence 948. Good Man 950. Penitence 952. Atonement 923. 925. 927. 927a 929. 930. 932. 934. 936. 938. 940. 941. 943. 945. 947. 949. 951. Wrong Unduenesa Dereliction Exemption Disrespect Contempt Disapprobation Detraction Detractor Accusation Improbity Knave Selfishness Vice Guilt Bad Man Impenitence XXX TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES 4. Practice. 5. Institutions ' 953. Temperance 955. Asceticism 956. Fasting 958. Sobriety 960. Purity '963. Legality 965. Jurisprudence 966. Tribunal 967. Judge 968. Lawyer 969. Lawsuit 970. Acquittal 973. Reward V. RELIGIOUS [976. Deity 1. Superhuman Beings and Regions J 977. Angel | 979. Jupiter I 981. Heaven [983. Theology 2. Doctrines J 9g3 a . Orthodoxy [ 985. Revelation 3. Sentiments j 987 _ piety 990. Worship 4. Acts. 5. Institutions 995. Churchdom 996. Clergy 998. Rite 999. Canonicals ,1000. Temple 954. Intemperance 954a. Sensualist 957. Gluttony 959. Drunkenness 961. Impurity 962. Libertine 964. Illegality 971. Condemnation 972. Punishment 974. Penalty 975. Scourge 978. Satan 980. Demon 982. Hell 984. Heterodoxy 986. Pseudo-revelation 988. Impiety 989. Irreligion 991. Idolatry 992. Sorcery 993. Spell 994. Sorcerer 997. Laity XXXI ABBREVIATIONS, ETC. Adjectives, Participles, and Words having the power of Adjectives Adverbs and Adverbial Expressions American History Australian Canadian Cicero Horace Interjections Juvenal Love's Labor's Lost Lucretius Martial Measure for Measure Midsummer Night's Dream Nouns North American Newfoundland Phrases Paradise Lost Plutarch Quintilian Sallust Seneca Tacitus Terence Tertullian United States Verbs Vergil The numbers are those of the headings or categories. Words in Italics within parentheses are not intended to explain the meanings of the words which precede them, but to indicate the nature of allied groups of words under the numbers which follow them. Obsolete words are indicated by a dagger; thus: abludef. Slang or Cant terms are marked with an asterisk; thus: rhino*. Authors or works quoted are given in brackets; thus: [Ovid]; [M.for M.]. Adj. adj. Adv. adv. Am. Hist. Aust. Can. Cic. Hor. Int. int. Juv. L. L. L. Luc. Mar. M. for M. M. N. D. N. n. N. Am. Nfld. Phr. phr. P.L. Plut. Quin. Sal. Sen. Tac. Ter. Tertul. U.S. V. v. Ver. XXX11 SPACE-SAVING DEVICES Dashes and hyphens are used to avoid the repetition of some syllable or term common to each word or phrase in the same group. For example: — "abs-, ex-, re-cision;" = "abscision," "excision," "recision " "over-, above- the mark;" = "over the mark," "above the mark" "on the -verge, - brink, t _ j "on the verge of," "on the brink of," "on the skirts -skirts- of;" j ~ I of" "brush -, whisk -, turn -, ) _ i "brush off," "brush away," "whisk off," "whisk away," send- -off, - away;" j "I "turn off," "turn away," "send off," "send away" ) ( "quick-eyed," "quick-sighted," "quick-witted," "keen- "quick-, keen-, clear-, sharp- j _ I eyed," "keen-sighted," "keen-witted," "clear-eyed," -eyed, -sighted, -witted;" ■ "clear-sighted," "clear-witted," "sharp-eyed," "sharp- J { sighted," "sharp-witted" "away from -, foreign to -, 1 f "away from the purpose," "away from the question," beside- the -purpose, - ques- > = \ "away from the transaction," "away from the point," tion, - transaction, - point;" J [ "foreign to the purpose," &c, "beside the purpose," &c. "fall, - to the ground;" = "fall, "fall to the ground" ''shortness &c. adj.;" "shortly] fin a similar manner form other words from the groups of &c. adj.;" "shortening &c. \ = \ adjectives or verbs in the same category ».;" J i [See also "How to we the Book," p. xxxiv.] xxxiu HOW TO USE THE BOOK £*To find a synonym or antonym for any given WORD: Turn to the Index and find the particular word or any simple term of kindred meaning; then refer to the category indicated. Under the part of speech sought for [N., V., Adj., Adv.] will be found a wide choice of synonymous and correlative terms, with their antitheses in the adjoining column. For example: — "distinc- tion." In the Index we find — " distinction difference 15 discrimination 465 fame 873 rank 875" the italicized words denoting the general sense of the affinitive terms in the re- spective categories. Turning to No. 873 (supposing fame is the desired significance) we select the most appropriate expression from the comprehensive list presented: "mark, name, figure; repute, reputation; good-, high- repute; note, notability, notoriety, eclat, 'the bubble reputation/ vogue, celebrity; fame, famousness, re- nown; popularity, aura popularis;" and so on. In the parallel column, viz., 874, are grouped the antonymous terms: "disrepute, discredit; ill-, bad- -repute, -name, -odor, -favor; disapprobation; ingloriousness; derogation," etc. II. To find a suitable word to express a given IDEA: Find in the Index some word relating to the idea, and proceed as above. For example: — "hope." The Index refers us to category 858, where there are words and phrases bearing on "hope" sufficient to satisfy the most exacting writers and the most diverse tastes; while 859 contains a systematic grouping of all opposite terms, as "hopelessness, "etc. III. To find appropriate words or new ideas on any given SUBJECT: Turn up the subject or any branch of it. The Index itself will suggest various lines of thought, while reference to the indicated groups will provide a banquet of ideas and apt expressions. For example:— "drama." Turning to 599 we find idea- groups covering the entire range of the subject, besides incidental references to other helpful categories. N.B. To grasp the underlying principle of the classification study the Tabular Synopsis of Categories (pp. xxi-xxxi). Reference may be made direct from this Synopsis to the body of the work; but it is usually found more convenient to con- sult the Index first. [See also " Abbreviations, etc.," p. xxxii, and " Space-Saving Devices," p. xxxiii.] XXXIV Eoget's Thesaurus OF ENGLISH WORDS AND PHRASES CLASS I Words expressing ABSTRACT RELATIONS Section I. EXISTENCE 1. Being, in the Abstract 1. Existence. — N. existence, being, entity, ens, esse, subsistence. reality, actuality; positiveness &c. adj.; fact, matter of fact, sober reality; truth &c. 494; actual existence. presence &c. (existence in space) 186; coexistence &c. 120. stubborn fact; not a -dream &c. 515; no joke. center of life, essence, inmost nature, inner reality, vital principle. [Science of existence], ontology. V. exist, be; have -being &c. n.; sub- sist, live, breathe, stand, obtain, be the case; occur &c. (event) 151; have place, prevail; find oneself, pass the time, veg- etate. consist in, lie in; be -comprised in, -contained in, -constituted by. come into -existence &c. n. ; arise &c. (begin) 66; come forth &c. (appear) 446. become &c. (be converted) 144; bring' into existence &c. 161. abide, continue, endure, last, remain. Adj. existing &c. v.; existent, under the sun; in -existence &c. n.; extant; afloat, on foot, current, prevalent; un- destroyed. real, actual, positive, absolute; true &c. 494; substan-tial, -tive; self-exist- ing, -ent; essential. 2. Inexistence. — N. inexistence; non- existence, -subsistence; nonentity, nil; negativeness &c. adj.; nullity; nihil-ity, -ism; tabula rasa, blank; abeyance; ab- sence &c. 187; no such thing &c. 4; non- being, nothingness, oblivion. annihilation; extinction &c. (destruc- tion) 162; extinguishment, extirpation, Nirvana, obliteration. V. not -exist &c. 1; have no -exist- ence &c. 1; be null and void; cease to -exist &c. 1 ; pass away, perish ; be -, be- come -extinct &c. adj.; die out; disap- pear &c. 449; melt away, dissolve, leave not a rack behind; go, be no more; die &c. 360. annihilate, render null, nullify; abro- gate &c. 756; destroy &c. 162; take away; remove &c. (displace) 185; ob- literate, extirpate. Adj. inexistent, nonexistent &c. 1; negative, blank; missing, omitted; ab- sent &c. 187; insubstantial, shadowy, spectral, visionary. unreal, potential, virtual; baseless, in nubibus; unsubstantial &c. 4; vain. un-born, -created, -begotten, -con- ceived, -produced, -made. perished, annihilated, &c. v.; extinct, exhausted, gone, lost, departed; defunct &c. (dead) 360. X 1 — 6 ABSTRACT RELATIONS 1. 1.1 well-founded, -grounded ; un-ideal, -imagined; not -potential &c. 2; authen- tic. Adv. actually &c. adj. ; in -fact, - point of fact,- reality; indeed; de -, ipso - facto. Phr. ens rationis; ergo sum cogito; " think'st thou existence doth depend on time? " [Byron]. fabulous, ideal &c. (imaginary) 515; supposititious &c. 514. Adv. negatively, virtually &c. adj. Phr. non ens. 2. Being, in the Concrete 3. Substantiality. — N. substantial- ity, hypostasis; person, thing, object, article; something, a being, an existence; creature, body, substance, flesh and blood, stuff, substratum; matter &c. 316; corporeity, element, essential na- ture, groundwork, materiality, substan- tialness, vital part. [Totality of existences], world &c. 318; plenum. Adj. substan-tive, -tial; hypostatic; personal, bodily, tangible &c. (material) 316; corporeal. Adv. substantially &c. adj. ; bodily, essentially. 4. Unsubstantiality. — N. un-, in- substantiality; nothingness, nihility; no -degree, -part, -quantity, -thing. nothing, naught, nil, nullity, zero, ci- pher, no one, nobody; never-, ne'er -a one; no such thing, none in the world; nothing -whatever, - at all, - on earth ; not a -particle &c. (smallness) 32; all -talk, - moonshine, - stuff and nonsense; matter of no -importance, - consequence, thing of naught, man of straw, John Doe and Richard Roe, faggot voter; nominis umbra, nonentity; flash in the pan, vox et prceterea nihil. shadow; phantom &c. (fallacy of vi- sion) 443; dream &c. (imagination) 515; ignis fatuus &c. (luminary) 423 ; " such stuff as dreams are made of " [Tempest] ; air, thin air; bubble &c. 353 ; " baseless fabric of a vision " [Tempest] ; mockery, hollowness, blank; void &c. (absence) 187. inanity, fool's paradise. V. vanish, evaporate, fade, dissolve, melt away; disappear &c. 449. Adj. unsubstantial; base-, ground-less; ungrounded; without-, having no- foundation. visionary &c. (imaginary) 515; immaterial &c. 137; spectral &c. 980; dreamy; shadowy; ethereal, airy; cloud -built, -formed; gossamery, illusory, insubstantial, unreal. vacant, vacuous; empty &c. 187; eviscerated; blank, hollow; nominal; null; inane. Phr. there's nothing in it; "an ocean of dreams without a sound" [Shelley]. 3. Formal Existence Internal conditions 5. Intrinsicality. — N. intrinsicality, inbeing, inherence, inhesion; subjective- ness; ego; egohood; essence; essential- ness &c. adj. ; essential part, quintes- sence, incarnation, quiddity, gist, pith, marrow, sap, lifeblood, backbone, heart, soul; important part &c. (importance) 642. principle, nature, constitution, char- acter, type, quality, crasis, diathesis. habit; temper, -ament; spirit, humor, grain; disposition. External conditions 6. Extrinsicality. — N. extrinsicality, objectiveness, non ego; extraneousness &c. 57; accident. Adj. derived from without; objective; extrin-sic, -sical; extraneous &c. (foreign) 57;modal, adventitious; a-, ad-scititious; incidental, accidental, nonessential; con- tingent, fortuitous. implanted, ingrafted; inculcated, in- fused. outward &c. (external) 220. Adv. extrinsically &c. adj. I. II. 1 EXISTENCE — RELATION 6 — 10 endowment, capacity; capability &c. (power) 157. moods, declensions, features, aspects; peculiarities &c. (speciality) 79; idio- syncrasy; idiocrasy &c. (tendency) 176; diagnostics. V. be -, run- in the blood; be born so; be -intrinsic &c. adj. Adj. derived from within, subjective; intrin-sic, -sical; fundamental, nor- mal; implanted, inherent, essential, natural; in-nate, -born, -bred, -grained, -wrought; coeval with birth, genetous, haematobious, syngenic; radical, in- carnate, thoroughbred, hereditary, inherited, immanent; congen-ital. -itef; connate, running in the blood; in-generate, -genite f; indigenous; in the -grain &c. n.; bred in the bone, instinctive; inward, internal &c. 221; to the manner born; virtual. characteristic &c. (special) 79, (indicative) 550; invariable, incurable, inerad- icable, fixed. Adv. intrinsically &c. adj.; at bottom, in the main, in effect, practically, vir- tually, substantially, au fond; fairly. Phr. " character is higher than intellect " [Emerson] ; " come give us a taste of your qual- ity " [Hamlet]; magnos homines virtute melimur non fortund [Nepos]; non numero hcecjuili- cantur sed ponder e [Cicero]; " vital spark of heavenly flame " [Pope]. 4. Modal Existence Absolute 7. State. — N. state, condition, cate- gory, estate, lot, case, trim, mood, pickle, plight, temper; aspect &c. (ap- pearance) 448; dilemma, pass, predica- ment. constitution, habitude, diathesis; frame, fabric &c. 329; stamp, set, fit, mold, mould. mode, modality, schesis; form &c. (shape) 240. tone, tenor, turn; trim, guise, fash- ion, light, complexion, style, character. V. be in -, possess -, enjoy -, labor under- a -state &c. n.; be on a footing, do, fare; come to pass. Adj. conditional, modal, formal; structural, organic. Adv. conditionally &c. adj.; as -the matter stands, -things are; such being the case &c. 8. Relative 8. Circumstance. — N. circum- stance, situation, phase, position, pos- ture, attitude, place, point; terms; re- gime; footing, standing, status. occasion, juncture, conjunctive; con- tingency &c. (event) 151. predicament; emergen-ce, -cy; exi- gency, crisis, pinch, pass, push; occur- rence; turning point. bearings, how the land lies. Adj. circumstantial; given, condi- tional, provisional; critical; modal; con- tingent, incidental; adventitious &c. (extrinsic) 6; limitative. Adv. in -, under- the -circumstances &c. w., - conditions &c. 7; thus, in such wise. accordingly; that -, such- being the case; that being so, sith, since, seeing that. as matters stand; as -things, - times- go. conditionally, provided, if, in case; if -so, -so be, - it be so; if it so -happen, - turn out; in the event of; in such a -contingency, - case, - event; provi- sionally, unless, without. according to -circumstances, - the occasion; as it may -happen, - be; as the -case may be, - wind blows; pro re natd. Phr. " yet are my sins not those of circumstance " [Lytton]. turn out, Section II. RELATION 1. Absolute Relation 9. Relation. — N. relation, bearing, reference, connection, concern, cogna- tion; correlation &c. 12; analogy; simi- 10. [Want, or absence of relation.] Irrelation. — N. irrelation, dissocia- tion; misrelation; inapplicability; in- 3 11 ABSTRACT RELATIONS I. ii. 1 larity &c. 17; affinity, homology, alli- ance, homogeneity, association; ap- proximation &c. (nearness) 197; filiation &c. (consanguinity) 11; interest; rele- vancy &c. 23 ; dependency, relationship, relative position. comparison &c. 464; ratio, propor- tion. link, tie, bond of union. V. be-related &c. adj. ; have a relation &c. n.; relate -, refer- to; bear upon, regard, concern, touch, affect, have to do with ; pertain -, belong -, appertain- to; answer to; interest. bring -into relation with, - to bear upon; connect, associate, draw a paral- lel; link &c. 43. Adj. relative; correlative &c. 12; cognate; relating to &c. v.; relative to, in relation with, referable or referrible to; belonging to &c. v.; appurtenant to, in common with. related, connected; implicated, asso- ciated, affiliated, allied to; en rapport, in touch with. approxima-tive, -ting; proportion-al, -ate, -able; allusive, comparable. in the same -category &c. 75; like &c. 17; relevant &c. (apt) 23; applicable, equiparant. Adv. relatively &c. adj.; pertinently &c. 23. thereof; as -to, - for, - respects, - re- gards; about; concerning &c. v.; anent; relating -, as relates- to; with -relation, - reference, - respect, - regard- to; in respect of; while speaking -, a propos- of ; in connection with ; by the -way, - by ; whereas; for -, in- as much as; in point of, as far as; on the -part, - score- of; quoad hoc; pro re natd; under the -head &c. (class) 75 - of ; in the matter of, in re. Phr. " thereby hangs a tale " [Taming of the Shrew], 11. [Relations of kindred.] Consanguinity. — N. consanguinity, rela- tionship, kindred, blood; parentage &c. (paternity) 166; filiation, affiliation; lineage, agnation, connection, alliance; family -connection, - tie; ties of blood; nepotism. kins-man, -folk; kith and kin; rela-tion, -tive; connection; sib; next of kin; uncle, aunt, nephew, niece; cousin, -german; first -, second- cousin; cousin -once, - twice &c- removed; near -, distant- relation; brother, sister, one's own flesh and blood. family, fraternity; brother-, sister-, cousin-hood. race, stock, generation; sept &c. 166; stirps, side; strain; breed, clan, tribe. V. be -related &c. adj. - to; claim -relationship &c. n.- with. Adj. related, akin, consanguineous, of the blood, family, allied, collateral; cog-, ag-, con-nate; kindred; affiliated; fraternal. connection; multifariousness; discon- nection &c. (disjunction) 44; inconse- quence, independence; incommensura- bility; irreconcilableness &c. (disagree- ment) 24; heterogeneity; unconformity &c. 83; irrelevancy, impertinence, nihil ad rem; intrusion &c. 24; non-pertinence. V. have no -relation &c. 9 to, - bear- ing upon, - concern &c. 9 with, - busi- ness with; not -concern &c. 9; have -nothing to do with, - no business there; intrude &c. 24. bring -, drag -, lug- in head and shoulders. Adj. irrelative, irrespective, unre- lated; arbitrary; independent, unallied; un-, dis-connected; adrift, isolated, in- sular; extraneous, strange, alien, foreign, outlandish, exotic. not comparable, incommensurable, heterogeneous; unconformable &c. 83. irrelevant, inapplicable; not -perti- nent, - to the purpose; impertinent, inapposite, beside the mark, a propos de bottes; aside from -, away from -, foreign to -, beside- the -purpose, - question, - transaction, - point; misplaced &c. (intrusive) 24; traveling out of the rec- ord. remote, far-fetched, out of the way, forced, neither here nor there, quite another thing; detached, segregate; disquiparant. multifarious; discordant &c. 24. incidental, parenthetical, obiter dic- tum, episodic. Adv. parenthetically &c. adj. ; by the -way, - by; en passant, incidentally; irrespectively &c. adj.; without -refer- ence, - regard- to; in the abstract &c. 87 ; a se. 1. II. 1 RELATION 11 — 15 intimately -, nearly -, closely -, remotely -, distantly- related, - allied; german. 12. [Double or reciprocal relation.] Correlation. — N. reciprocalness &c. adj.; recipro-city, -cation; mutuality, correlation, interdependence; inter- change &c. 148; exchange, barter. reciprocitist. V. reciprocate, alternate; interchange &c. 148; exchange; counterchange. Adj. reciprocal, mutual, commutual, correlative; alternate; interchange- able; international; complemental, complementary. Adv. mutatis mutandis; vice versa; each other; by turns &c. 148; reciprocally &c. adj. Phr. " happy in our mutual help " [Milton]. 13. Identity. — N. identity, same- ness; coincidence, coalescence; convert- ibility; equality &c. 27; selfness, self, oneself; identification. monotony, tautology &c. (repetition) 104. facsimile &c. (copy) 21; homoousia: alter ego &c. (similar) 17; ipsissima verba &c. (exactness) 494; same; self -, very -, one and the- same; very -, actual- thing; no other. V. be -identical &c. adj.; coincide, coalesce. treat as -, render- -the same, - identi- cal; identify; recognize the identity of. Adj. identical; self, ilk; the -same &c. n.; selfsame, homoousian, one and the same. coincid-, coalesc-ent, -ing; indistin- guishable; one; equivalent &c. (equal) 27; much -the same, - of a muchness; unaltered. Adv. identically &c. adj. ; on all fours. 14. [Noncoincidence.] Contrariety. - N. contrariety, contrast, foil, an- tithesis, oppositeness; contradiction; an- tagonism &c. (opposition) 708; clashing, repugnance. inversion &c. 218; the -opposite, - re- verse, - inverse, - converse, - antipodes, - other extreme. V. be -contrary &c. adj.; contrast with, oppose; differ toto coelo. invert, reverse, turn the tables; turn -topsy-turvy, - end for end, - upside down. contra-diet, -vene; antagonize &c. 708. Adj. contrar-y, -ious, -iant; opposite, counter, dead against; con-, re- verse; opposed, antithetical, contrasted, anti- podean, antagonistic, opposing; con- flicting, inconsistent, contradictory, at cross purposes; negative; hostile &c. 703. differing toto coelo; diametrically op- posite; as opposite as -black and white, - light and darkness, - fire and water, - the poles; " Hyperion to a satyr " [Hamlet]; quite the -contrary, - reverse; no such thing, just the other way, tout au contraire. Adv. contrarily &c. adj. ; contra, contrariwise, per contra, on the contrary, nay rather; vice versa; on the other hand &c. (in compensation) 30. Phr. " all concord's born of contraries " [B. Jonson]. 15. Difference. — N. difference; vari-ance, -ation, -ety; diversity, dis- similarity &c. 18; disagreement &c. 24; disparity &c. (inequality) 28; distinc- tion, contradistinction; alteration. modification, moods and tenses. nice -, fine -, delicate -, subtle- distinction; shade of difference, nuance; discrimination &c. 4G5; differentia. different thing, something else, apple off another tree, another pair of shoes; this that or the other. V. be -different &c. adj.; differ, vary, ablude f, mismatch, contrast; divari- cate; differ -toto coelo, - longo intervallo. vary, modify &c. (change) 140. discriminate &c. 465. Adj. differing &c. v.; different, diverse, heterogeneous; distinguishable; varied, modified; diversified, various, divers, all manner of; variform &c. 81; dsedal. 15 — 18 ABSTRACT RELATIONS I. ii. 1 other, another, not the same; unequal &c. 28; unmatched; widely apart, distinctive, characteristic; discriminative; distinguishing. Adv. differently &c. adj. Phr. il y a fagots el fagots. 2. Continuous Relation 16. Uniformity. — N. uniformity; homogene-ity, -ousness; consistency; connatural-ity, -ness; homology; ac- cordance; conformity &c. 82; agree- ment &c. 23; consonance, uniformness. regularity, constancy, even tenor, rou- tine; monotony. V. be -uniform &c. adj.; accord with &c. 23; run through. become -uniform &c. adj. ; conform to &c. 82. render uniform &c. adj.; assimilate, level, smooth, dress. Adj. uniform; homo-geneous, -logous; of a piece, consistent, connatural; monotonous, even, invariable; regular, unchanged, undeviating, unvaried, unvarying. Adv. uniformly &c. adj.; uniformly with &c. (conformably) 82; in harmony with &c. (agreeing) 23. always, invariably, without exception, never otherwise; by clockwork. Phr. ab uno disce omnes. 16a. [Absence or want of uniform- ity.] Nonuniformity. — N. diversity, irregularity, unevenness; multiformity &c. 81; unconformity &c. 83; roughness &c. 256; dissimilarity, dissimilitude, di- varication, divergence. Adj. diversified, varied, irregular, uneven, rough &c. 256; multifarious; multiform &c. 81; of various kinds; all -manner, - sorts, - kinds- of. Adv. in all manner of ways, here there and everywhere. 3. Partial Relation 17. Similarity. — N. similarity, re- semblance, likeness, similitude, sem- blance; affinity, approximation, paral- lelism; agreement &c. 23; ana-logy, -logicalness; correspondence, homoiou- sia, parity. connatural-ness, -ity; brotherhood, family likeness. alliteration, rhyme, pun. repetition &c. 104; sameness &c. (identity) 13; uniformity &c. 16; isogamy. analogue; the like; match, pendant, fellow, companion, pair, mate, twin, double, counterpart, brother, sister; one's second self, alter ego, chip of the old block, par nobile fratrum, Arcades ambo, birds of a feather, et hoc genus omne; gens de meme famille. parallel; simile; type &c. (metaphor) 521; image &c. (representation) 554; photograph; close -, striking -, speak- ing -, faithful &c. adj. - likeness, - re- semblance. V. be -similar &c. adj.; look like, re- semble, bear resemblance; savor -, smack- of ; approximate ; parallel, match, rhyme with; take after; imitate &c. 19; favor, span [U. S 6 18. Dissimilarity. — N. dissimilar- ity, -itude; unlikeness, diversity, dis- parity, dissemblance; divergence, varia- tion; difference &c. 15; novelty, origi- nality; creativeness; oogamy. V. be -unlike &c. adj.; vary &c. (differ) 15; bear no resemblance to, differ toto corto. render -unlike &c. adj.; vary &c. (di- versify) 140. Adj. dissimilar, unlike, disparate; divergent; of a different kind &c. (class) 75; unmatched, unique; new, novel; unprecedented &c. 83; original. nothing of the kind; no such -, quite another- thing; far from it, cast in a different mold, tertium quid, as like a dock as a daisy, " very like a whale " [Hamlet]; as different as -chalk from cheese, - Macedon and Monmouth; lucus a non lucendo. diversified &c. 16a. Adv. otherwise. Phr. diis aliter visum; " no more like my father than I to Hercules" [Hamlet]. I. ii. 3 RELATION 17 — 22 render -similar &c. adj.; assimilate, approximate, bring near; connaturalize, make alike; rhyme, pun. Adj. similar; resembling &c. v.; like, alike; twin. analog-ous, -ical; parallel, of a piece; such as, so; homoiousian. connatural, congener, allied to; akin to &c. (consanguineous) 11. approximate, much the same, near, close, something like, such like; a show of; mock, pseudo, simulating, representing. exact &c. (true) 494; lifelike, faithful; true to -nature, - the life; the -very image, - picture- of; for all the world like, comme deux gouttes d'eau; as like as -two peas, - it can stare ; instar omnium, cast in the same mold, ridiculously like. Adv. as if, so to speak; as -, as if- it were; quasi, just as, veluti in speculum. Phr. et sic de similibus; tel mailre tel valet; tel pere telfds. 20. Nonimitation. — N. no imita- tion; originality; creativeness. Adj. unimitated, uncopied; un- matched, unparalleled; inimitable &c. 13; unique, original; creative, untrans- lated; exceptional, rare, sui generis, uncommon, unexampled. 19. Imitation. — N. imitation; copy- ing &c. v.; transcription; repetition, duplication, reduplication; quotation; reproduction; mimeography. mockery, mimicry; simulation, per- sonation; representation &c. 554; sem- blance; copy &c. 21; assimilation. paraphrase, parody &c. 21. plagiarism; forgery &c. (falsehood) 544; celluloid. imitator, echo, cuckoo, parrot, ape, monkey, mocking bird, mimic; copyist. V. imitate, copy, mirror, reflect, reproduce, repeat; do like, echo, re-echo, catch; transcribe; match, parallel. mock, take off, mimic, ape, simulate, personate; act &c. (drama) 599; repre- sent &c. 554; counterfeit, parody, travesty, caricature, burlesque. follow -, tread- in the- -steps, - footsteps, - wake- of; take pattern by; follow -suit, - the example of; walk in the shoes of, take a leaf out of another's book, strike in with, follow suit; take -, model- after; emulate. Adj. imitated &c. v.; mock, mimic; modelled after, molded on. paraphrastic; literal; imitative; secondhand; imitable; aping, apish, mimick- ing. Adv. literally, to the letter, verbatim, literatim, sic, totidem verbis, word for word, mot a mot; exactly, precisely. Phr. like master like man; " like — but oh! how different! " [Wordsworth]; " genius bor- rows nobly " [Emerson]; " pursuing echoes calling 'mong the rocks " [A. Coles]; " quotation confesses inferiority " [Emerson]. 20a. Variation. — N. variation; alteration &c. (change) 140. modification, moods and tenses; discrepance, discrepancy. divergency &c. 291; deviation &c. 279; aberration; innovation. V. vary &c. (change) 140; deviate &c. 279; diverge &c. 291; alternate, swerve. Adj. varied &c. v.; modified; diversified &c. 16a. 21. [Result of imitation.] Copy. — N. copy, facsimile, counterpart, effigies, effigy, form, likeness, similitude, sem- blance, cast, tracing, ectype; imitation &c. 19; model, representation, adumbra- tion, study; portrait &c. (represent- ment) 554; resemblance. duplicate; transcript, -ion; reflex, -ion; shadow, echo; chip of the old block; reprint, reproduction; second edition &c. (repetition) 104; rechauffe; apograph, fair copy, revise. 22. [Thing copied.] Prototype. — N. prototype, original, model, pattern, pre- cedent, standard, scantling, type; arche-, anti-type; protoplast, module, exemplar, example, ensample, paradigm ; lay-figure. text, copy, design; fugleman, keynote. die, mold; matrix, last, plasm; pro-, proto-plasm; mint; seal, punch, inta- glio, negative; stamp. V. be -, set- an example; set a copy. Phr. " a precedent embalms a principle " [Disraeli]; exempla sunt odiosa. 21—24 ABSTRACT RELATIONS I. ii. 3 parody, caricature, burlesque, travesty, travestie, paraphrase, servile -copy, - imitation; counterfeit &c. (deception) 545; pasticcio. Adj. faithful; lifelike &c. (similar) 17; close, conscientious. 4. General Relation 23. Agreement. — N. agreement; ac-cord, -eordance; unison, harmony; concord &c. 714; concordance, concert; understanding, mutual understanding. conformity &c. 82; conformance; uni- formity &c. 16; consonance, consen- taneousness, consistency; congru-ity, -ence ; keeping ; congeniality ; correspond- ence, parallelism, apposition, union. fitness, aptness &c. adj. ; relevancy; pertinen-ce, -cy; sortance |; case in point; aptitude, coaptation, propriety, applicability, admissibility, commensu- rability, compatibility; cognation &c. (relation) 9. adaption, adjustment, graduation, ac- commodation; reconcil-iation, -ement; assimilation. consent &c. (assent) 488; concurrence &c. 178; cooperation &c. 709. right man in the right place, very thing; quite -, just- the thing. V. be -accordant &c. adj.; agree, accord, harmonize; correspond, tally, respond; meet, suit, fit, befit, do, adapt itself to; fall in -, chime in -, square -, quadrate -, consort -, comport- with ; dovetail, assimilate; fit like a glove; fit to a -tittle, - T; match &c. 17; be- come one; homologate. consent &c. (assent) 488. render -accordant &c. adj.; fit, suit, adapt, accommodate; graduate; adjust &c. (render equal) 27; dress, regulate, readjust; accord, harmonize, reconcile; fadge, dovetail, square. Adj. agreeing, suiting &c. v.; in ac- cord, accordant, concordant, consonant, congruous, consentaneous, correspond- ent, congenial; coherent; becoming; harmonious, reconcilable, conformable; in -accordance, - harmony, - keeping, - unison, &c. n.- with; at one with, of one mind, of a piece; consistent, compatible, proportionate; commensurate; on all fours. apt, apposite, pertinent, pat; to the -point, - purpose; happy, felicitous, ger- mane, ad rem, in point, bearing upon, applicable, relevant, admissible. fit, adapted, in loco, a propos, appropriate, seasonable, sortable, suitable, idoneous, deft; meet &c. (expedient) 646. 8 24. Disagreement. — N. disagree- ment; dis-cord, -eordance; dissonance, dissidence, discrepancy; unconformity &c. 83; incongru-ity, -ence; discon- gruity, mesalliance; jarring &c. v.; dis- sension &c. 713; conflict &c. (opposition) 708; bickering, clashing, misunderstand- ing, wrangle. disparity, mismatch, disproportion; dissimilitude, inequality; disproportion- ateness &c. adj.; variance, divergence, repugnance. unfitness &c. adj.; inaptitude, im- propriety; inapplicability &c. adj. ; in- consistency, inconcinnity; irrelevancy &c. (irrelation) 10. misjoin-ing, -der; syncretism, intru- sion, interference; concordia discors. fish out of water. V. disagree; clash, jar &c. (discord) 713; interfere, intrude, come amiss; not concern &c. 10; mismatch; humano capiti cervicem jungere equinam. Adj. disagreeing &c. v.; discordant, discrepant; at -variance, - war; hostile, antagonistic, repugnant, incompatible, irreconcilable, inconsistent with; un- conformable, exceptional &c. 83; intru- sive, incongruous; disproportion-ate, -ed; unharmonious ; unconsonant; di- vergent, repugnant to. inapt, unapt, inappropriate, improper; unsuit-ed, -able; inapplicable; un-fit, -fitting, -befitting; unbecoming; ill- timed, unseasonable, mal a propos, inad- missible; inapposite &c. (irrelevant) 10. uncongenial; ill-assorted, -sorted; mis-matched, -joined, -placed; unac- commodating, irreducible, uncommen- surable; unsympathetic. out of -character, - keeping, - propor- tion, - joint, - tune, - place, - season, - its element; at -odds, - variance with. Adv. in -defiance, - contempt, - spite- of; discordantly &c. adj.; d tort et a tr avers. Phr. asinus ad lyram. I. in. 2 QUANTITY 23 — 28 at home, in one's proper element. Adv. a propos of; pertinently &c. adj. Phr. rem acu tetigisti; the cap fits; auxilia humilia firma consensus facit [Syrus]; discors concordia [Ovid]. Section III. QUANTITY 1. Simple Quantity 25. [Absolute quantity.] Quantity. — N. quantity, magnitude; size &c. (dimensions) 192; amplitude, mass, amount, quantum, measure, substance, strength. [Science of quantity.] mathematics, mathesis. [Logic] category, general conception, universal predicament. [Definite or finite quantity.] arm-, hand-, mouth-, spoon-, cap-ful; stock, batch, lot, dose; yaffle. V. quantify. Adj. quantitative, some, any, more or less. Adv. to the tune of. 26. [Relative quantity.] Degree. — N. degree, grade, extent, measure, amount, ratio, stint, standard, height, pitch; reach, amplitude, range, scope, caliber; gradation, shade; tenor, com- pass; sphere, station, rank, standing; rate, way, sort. point, mark, stage &c. (term) 71; in- tensity, strength &c. (greatness) 31. Adj. comparative; gradual, shading off; within the bounds &c. (limit) 233. Adv. by degrees, gradually, inas- much, pro tanto; how-ever, -soever; step by step, bit by bit, little by little, inch by inch, drop by drop; by -inches, - slow degrees, - little and little; in some -degree, - measure; to some extent; di grado in grado. 2. Comparative Quantity 27. [Sameness of quantity or degree.] Equality. — N. equality, parity, co- extension, symmetry, balance, poise; evenness, monotony, level. equivalence; equi-pollence, -poise, -librium, -ponderance; par, quits; not a pin to choose; distinction without a difference, six of one and half a dozen of the other; identity &c. 13; similarity &c. 17. equalization, equation; equilibration, coordination, adjustment, readjustment. drawn -game, -battle; neck and neck race; tie, dead heat. match, peer, compeer, equal, mate, fellow, brother; equivalent. V. be -equal &c. adj. ; equal, match, reach, keep pace with, run abreast; come -, amount -, come up- to; be -, lie- on a level with; balance; cope with; come to the same thing. render -equal &c. adj.; equalize, level, dress, balance, equate, handicap, give points, trim, adjust, poise; fit, accommodate; adapt &c. (render accordant) 23; strike a balance; establish -, restore- equality, - equilibrium; readjust; stretch on the bed of Procrustes. Adj. equal, even, level, monotonous, coequal, symmetrical, coordinate; on a -par, - level, - footing- with; up to the mark; equiparant. equivalent, tantamount; quits; homologous; synonymous &c. 522; resolv- able into, convertible, much at one, as broad as long, neither more nor less; 9 28. [Difference of quantity or degree.] Inequality. — N. inequality; dis-, im- parity; odds; difference &c. 15; uneven- ness; inclination of the balance, par- tiality; shortcoming; casting -, make- weight; superiority &c. 33; inferiority &c. 34; inequation. V. be -unequal &c. adj. ; countervail; have -, give- the advantage; turn the scale; kick the beam; topple, -over; over- match &c. 33; not come up to &c. 34. Adj. unequal, uneven, disparate, partial; un-, over-balanced; top-heavy, lopsided; disquiparant. Adv. hand passibus acquis [Vergil]. 27 — 32 ABSTRACT RELATIONS I. in. 2 much the same -, the same thing -, as good- as; all -one, - the same; equi- pollent, -ponderant, -ponderous, -balanced; equalized &c. v.; drawn; half and half; isochron-al, -ous; isoperimetric, -al; isobath, -ic. Adv. equally &c. adj. ; pari passu, ad eundem, cceteris paribus; in equilibrio; to all intents and purposes. Phr. it -comes, - amounts- to the same thing; what is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander. 29. Mean. — N. mean, medium, intermedium, average, balance; medioc- rity, generality; golden mean &c. {mid-course) 628; middle &c. 68; compromise &c. 774; middle -course, - state; neutrality. V. split the difference; take the -average &c. n.; reduce to a -mean &c. n.; strike a balance, pair off. Adj. mean, intermediate; middle &c. 68; average; neutral. mediocre, middle-class; commonplace &c. {unimportant) 643. Adv. on an average, in the long run; taking -one with another, - all things together, - it for all in all ; communibus annis, in round numbers. Phr. medium tenuere beati. 30. Compensation. — N. compensation, equation; commutation; indemni- fication; compromise &c. 774; neutralization, nullification; counteraction &c. 179; reaction; measure for measure; retaliation &c. 718; equalization &c. 27; robbing Peter to pay Paul. set-off, offset; make-, casting- weight; counterpoise, ballast; indemnity, equiv- alent, quid pro quo; bribe, hush money; amends &c. {atonement) 952; counter- balance, - claim; cross -debt, - demand. V. make compensation; com-pensate, -pense; indemnify; counter-act, -vail, -poise; balance; out-, over-, counter-balance; set off; hedge, square, give and take; make up -for, - lee way; cover, fill up, neutralize, nullify; equalize &c. 27; make good; redeem &c. {atone) 952. Adj. compensat-ing, -ory; countervailing &c. v. ; in the opposite scale; equiv- alent &c. {equal) 27. Adv. in -return, - consideration; but, however, yet, still, notwithstanding; neverthe-, nath-less; although, though; al-, how-beit; mauger; at -all events, - any rate; be that as it may, for all that, even so, on the other hand, at the same time, quoad minus, quand meme, however that may be; after all, - is said and done; taking one thing with another &c. {average) 29. Phr. " light is mingled with the gloom " [Whittier]; primo avulso non deficit alter [Vergil]; saepe creat molles aspera spina rosas [Ovid]. Quantity by Comparison with a Standard 32. Smallness. — N. smallness &c. adj.; littleness &c. {small size) 193; tenuity; paucity; fewness &c {small number) 103; meanness, insignificance &c. {unimportance) 643; mediocrity, moderation. small quantity, modicum, minimum; vanishing point; material point, atom, particle, molecule, corpuscle, point, speck, dot, mote, jot, iota, ace; minutiae, details; look, thought, idea, soupgon, dab, dight, whit, tittle, shade, shadow; spark, scintilla, gleam; touch, cast; grain, scruple, granule, globule, minim, sup, sip, sop, spice, drop, droplet, sprinkling, dash, morceau, screed, smack, tinge, tincture; inch, patch, scantling, 31. Greatness. — N. greatness &c. adj.; magnitude; size &c. {dimensions) 192; multitude &c. {number) 102; im- mensity; enormity; infinity &c. 105; might, strength, intensity, fullness; im- portance &c. 642. great quantity, quantity, deal, power, sight, pot, volume, world; mass, heap &c. {assemblage) 72; stock &c. {store) 636; peck, bushel, load, cargo; cart -, wagon -, ship- load; flood, spring tide; abundance &c. {sufficiency) 639. principal -, chief -, main -, greater -, major -, best -, essential- part; bulk, mass &c. {whole) 50. V. be -great &c. adj.; run high, soar, tower, transcend; rise -, carry- to a 10 I. m. 2 QUANTITY 31 — 32 great height; know no bounds; ascend, mount. enlarge &c. (increase) 35, (expand) 194. Adj. great; greater &c. 33; large, considerable, fair, above par; big, huge &c. (large in size) 192; Herculean, Cyclo- pean; ample; abundant &c. (enough) 639; full, intense, strong, sound, passing, heavy, plenary, deep, high; signal, at its height, in the zenith. world-wide, widespread, far-famed, ex- tensive; wholesale; many &c. 102. goodly, noble, precious, mighty; sad, grave, serious; far gone, arrant, down- right; utter, -most; crass, gross, arch, profound, intense, consummate; rank, unmitigated, red-hot, desperate; glaring, flagrant, stark staring; thorough-paced, -going; roaring, thumping; extraor- dinary; important &c. 642; unsur- passed &c. (supreme) 33 ; complete &c. 52. august, grand, dignified, sublime, ma- jestic &c. (repute) 873. vast, immense, enormous, extreme; inordinate, excessive, extravagant, exor- bitant, outrageous, preposterous, uncon- scionable, swinging, monstrous, over- grown; towering, stupendous, prodigious, astonishing, incredible; marvelous &c. (wonder) 870. unlimited &c. (infinite) 105; unap- proachable, unutterable, indescribable, ineffable, unspeakable, inexpressible, be- yond expression, fabulous. un-diminished, -abated, -reduced, -restricted. absolute, positive, stark, decided, un- equivocal, essential, perfect, finished. remarkable, of mark, marked, pointed, veriest; noteworthy; renowned. Adv. [in a positive degree] truly &c. (truth) 494; decidedly, unequivocally, purely, absolutely, seriously, essentially, fundamentally, radically, downright, in all conscience; for the most part, in the main. [in a complete degree] entirely &c. (completely) 52; abundantly &c. (suffi- ciently) 639; widely, far and wide. [in a great or high degree] greatly &c. adj.; much, muckle, well, indeed, very, very much, a deal, no end of, most, not a little; pretty, - well; enough, in a great measure, richly; to a -large, - great, - gigantic- extent; on a large scale; so; never -, ever- so; ever so dole; scrap, shred, tag, splinter, rag, tatter, cantlet, flitter, gobbet, mite, bit, morsel, crumb, seed, fritter, shive; snip, -pet; snick, snack, snatch, slip, scrag; chip, -ping; shiver, sliver, driblet, dip- ping, paring, shaving, hair. nutshell; thimble-, spoon-, hand-, cap-, mouth-ful; fragment; fraction &c. (part) 51; drop in the ocean. animalcule &c. 193. trifle &c. (unimportant thing) 643; mere -, next to- nothing; hardly any- thing; just enough to swear by; the shadow of a shade. finiteness, finite quantity. V. be -small &c. adj.; lie in a nut- shell. diminish &c. (decrease) 36; (contract) 195. Adj. small, little; diminutive &c. (small in size) 193; minute; fine; incon- siderable, paltry &c. (unimportant) 643; faint &c. (weak) 160; slender, light, slight, scanty, scant, limited; meager &c. (insufficient) 640; sparing; few &c. 103; low, so-so, middling, tolerable, no great shakes; below -, under- -par, - the mark; at a low ebb; halfway; moder- ate, modest; tender, subtle. inappreciable, evanescent, infinites- imal, homeopathic, very small; atomic, corpuscular, microscopic, molecular. mere, simple, sheer, stark, bare; near run. dull, petty, shallow, stolid, ungifted, unintelligent. Adv. [in a small degree] to a small extent, on a small scale; a -little, - wee bit; slightly &c. adj.; imperceptibly; miserably, wretchedly; insufficiently &c. 640; imperfectly; faintly &c. 160; pass- ably, pretty well, well enough. [in a certain or limited degree] par- tially, in part; in -, to- a certain degree; to a certain extent; comparatively; some, rather; in some -degree, -measure; some-thing, -what; simply, only, purely, merely; at -, at the- -least, - most; ever so little, as little as may be, tant soit peu, in ever so small a degree; thus far, pro tanto, within bounds, in a manner, after a fashion. almost, nearly, well-nigh, short of, not quite, all but; near -, close- upon; peu s'en faut, near the mark; within an -ace, - inch- of; on the brink of; scarcely, hardly, barely, only just, no more than. [in an uncertain degree] about, there- 31 — 34 ABSTRACT RELATIONS I. m. 2 abouts, somewhere about, nearly, say; be the same -more, - little more- or less. [in no degree] no- ways, - wise; not -at all, - in the least, - a bit, - a bit of it, - a whit, - a jot, - a shadow; in no -wise, - respect; by no -means, - manner of means; on no account, at no hand. Phr. dare pondus idonea fumo [Persius]; magno conatu magnas Jiugas [Terence]; " small sands the mountain, moments make the year " [Young]. much; by wholesale; mighty, power- fully; with a witness, ultra, in the ex- treme, extremely, exceedingly, intensely, exquisitely, acutely, indefinitely, im- measurably; beyond -compare, - com- parison, - measure, - all bounds; incal- culably, infinitely. [in a supreme degree] preeminently, superlatively &c. (superiority) 33. [in a too great degree] immoderately, monstrously, preposterously, inordi- nately, exorbitantly, excessively, enor- mously, out of all proportion, with a vengeance. [in a marked degree] particularly, remarkably, singularly, curiously, un- commonly, unusually, peculiarly, notably, signally, strikingly, pointedly, mainly, chiefly; famously, egregiously, prominently, glaringly, emphatically, KaT' Z£oxrjv, strangely, wonderfully, amazingly, surprisingly, astonishingly, in- credibly, marvelously, awfully, stupendously. [in an exceptional degree] peculiarly &c. (unconformity) 83. [in a violent degree] furiously &c. (violence) 173; severely, desperately, tre- mendously, extravagantly, confoundedly, deucedly, devilishly, with a ven- geance; a-, a toute- outrance. [in a painful degree] painfully, sadly, grossly, sorely, bitterly, piteously, grievously, miserably, cruelly, woefully, lamentably, shockingly, frightfully, dreadfully, fearfully, terribly, horribly. Phr. a maximis ad minima ; " greatness knows itself " [Henry IV]; " mightiest powers by deepest calms are fed " [B. Cornwall] ; minimum decet libere cui multum licet [Seneca] ; " some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them " [Twelfth Night]. Quantity by Comparison with a Similar Object 33. Superiority. [Supremacy.] — N. superiority, majority; greatness &c. 31; advantage; pull*; preponder-ance, -ation; vantage ground, prevalence, partiality; personal superiority; no- bility &c. (rank) 875; Triton among the minnows, primus inter pares, nulli se- cundus, captain; crackajack* [U. S.]. supremacy, preeminence; lead; maxi- mum; record; tpikv/aul, climax; culmina- tion &c. (summit) 210; transcendence; ne plus ultra; lion's share, Benjamin's mess; excess, surplus &c. (remainder) 40; (redundance) 641. V. be -superior &c. adj.; exceed, ex- cel, transcend; out-do, -balance, -weigh, -rank, -rival, -Herod; pass, surpass, get ahead of; over-top, -ride, -pass, -balance, -weigh, -match; top, o'er- top, cap, beat, cut out; beat hollow; outstrip &c. 303; eclipse, throw into the shade, take the shine out of, put one's nose out of joint; have the -upper hand, - whip hand of, - advantage; turn the scale, kick the beam; play first fiddle &c. (importance) 642; prepon- 12 34. Inferiority. — N. inferiority, mi- nority, subordinacy; shortcoming, de- ficiency; minimum; smallness &c. 32; imperfection; lower -quality, - worth. [personal inferiority] commonalty &c. 876. V. be -inferior &c. adj.; fall -, come- short of; not -pass, - come up to; want. become -, render- -smaller &c. (de- crease) 36, (contract) 195; hide its di- minished head, retire into the shade, yield the palm, play second fiddle, take a back seat. Adj. inferior, smaller; small &c. 32; minor, less, lesser, deficient, minus, lower, subordinate, secondary; second- rate &c. (imperfect) 651; sub, subaltern; thrown into the shade; weighed in the balance and found wanting; not fit to hold a candle to. least, smallest &c. (see little, small &c. 193) ; lowest. diminished &c. (decreased) 36; re- duced &c. (contracted) 195; unimportant &c. 643. Adv. less; under-, below- -the mark, 1. in. 2 QUANTITY 33 — 36 - par; at -the bottom of the scale, - a low ebb, - a disadvantage; short of, under. derate, predominate, prevail; precede, take precedence, come first; come to a head, culminate; beat &c. all others, bear the palm; break the record; take the cake * [U. S.]. become -, render- -larger &c. (increase) 35, (expand) 194. Adj. superior, greater, major, higher; exceeding &c. v.; great &c. 31; dis- tinguished, ultra; vaulting; more than a match for. supreme, greatest, utmost, paramount, preeminent, foremost, crowning; first-rate &c. (important) 642, (excellent) 648; unrivaled; peer-, match-less; none such, second to none, sans pareil; un-paragoned, -paralleled, -equalled, -approached, -surpassed; superlative, inimitable, facile princeps, incompar- able, sovereign, without parallel, nulli secundus, ne plus ultra; beyond -com- pare, - comparison; culminating &c. (topmost) 210; transcend-ent, -ental; plus royaliste que le Roi. increased &c. (added to) 35; enlarged &c. (expanded) 194. Adv. beyond, more, over; over -, above- the mark; above par; upwards -, in advance- of; over and above; at the top of the scale, at its height. [in a superior or supreme degree] eminently, egregiously, preeminently, surpassing, prominently, superlatively, supremely, above all, of all things, the most, to crown all, kclt' Uo^v, par excellence, principally, especially, partic- ularly, peculiarly, a fortiori, even, yea, still more. Phr. " I shall not look upon his like again " [Hamlet]; deos fortioribus adesse [Tacitus]. Changes in Quantity 35. Increase. — N. increase, aug- mentation, enlargement, extension; dila- tation &c. (expansion) 194; increment, accretion; accession &c. 37; develop- ment, growth; aggrandizement, aggra- vation; rise; ascent &c. 305; exaggera- tion, -acerbation; spread &c. (disper- sion) 73; flood tide; gain, produce, prod- uct, profit. V. increase, augment, add to, enlarge; dilate &c. (expand) 194; grow, wax, get ahead, gain strength; advance; run -, shoot- up; rise; ascend &c. 305; sprout &c. 194. aggrandize; raise, exalt; deepen, heighten; strengthen; intensify, en- hance, magnify, redouble; aggravate, exaggerate; ex-asperate, -acerbate; add fuel to the flame, oleum addere camino, superadd &c. (add) 37; spread &c. (disperse) 73. Adj. increased &c. v.; on the increase, undiminished; additional &c. (added) 37. Adv. crescendo. Phr. vires acquirit eundo [Vergil]. 36. Nonincrease, Decrease. — N. decrease, diminution; lessening &c. v.; subtraction &c. 38; reduction, abate- ment, declension; shrinking &c. (con- traction) 195; coarctation f ; abridg- ment &c. (shortening) 201; extenua- tion. subsidence, wane, ebb, decline; ebb- ing; descent &c. 306; decrement, reflux, depreciation; deterioration &c. 659; anticlimax; mitigation &c. (moderation) 174. V. decrease, diminish, lessen; abridge &c. (shorten) 201; shrink &c. (contract) 195; drop -, fall -, tail- off; fall away, waste, wear; wane, ebb, decline; de- scend &c. 306; subside; melt -, die- away; retire into the shade, hide its di- minished head, fall to a low ebb, run low, languish, decay, crumble. bate, abate, dequantitate f; discount ; depreciate; extenuate, lower, weaken, attenuate, fritter away; mitigate &c. (moderate) 174; dwarf, throw into the shade; reduce &c. 195; shorten ; trumpet-tongued; ear-splitting, -rending, -deafen- 114 405. Faintness. — N. faintness &c. adj.; faint sound, whisper, breath; un- der-tone, -breath; murmur, hum, su- surration; tinkle; "still small voice." hoarseness &c. adj.; raucity. V. whisper, breathe, murmur, purl, hum, gurgle, ripple, babble, flow; tinkle; mutter &c. (speak imperfectly) 583; su- surrate. steal on the ear; melt in -, float on- the air. Adj. inaudible; scarcely -, just- au- dible; low, dull; stifled, muffled; hoarse, husky; gentle, soft, faint; floating; purl- ing, flowing &c. v.; whispered &c. v.; liquid; soothing; dulcet &c. (melodious) 413; susurr-ant, -ous. Adv. in a whisper, with bated breath, sotto voce, between the teeth, aside ; pian- o, -issimo ; a la sourdine; out of earshot ; inaudibly &c. adj. III. in. 2 ORGANIC MATTER 404 — 410 ing; piercing; obstreperous, rackety, uproarious; enough to wake the -dead, - seven sleepers. shrill &c. 410; clamorous &c. {vociferous) 411; stentor-ian, -ophonic f. Adv. loudly &c. adj.; aloud; at the top of one's voice, lustily, in full cry. Phr. the air rings with; " the deep dread-bolted thunder " [Lear). (ii) Specific Sounds 406. [Sudden and violent sounds.] Snap. — N. snap &c. v.; rapping &c. v.; de-, crepitation; report; thud; burst, explosion, discharge, detonation, firing, salvo, volley. squib, cracker, gun, popgun. V. rap, snap, tap, knock; click; clash; crack, -le; crash; pop; slam, bang, clap; brustle; burst on the ear; crepitate, flump. Adj. rapping &c. v. 407. [Repeated and protracted sounds.] Roll. — N. roll &c. v. ; drum- ming &c. v.; berloque, bombination, rumbling; tattoo; dingdong; tantara; rataplan; whirr; ratatat; rubadub; pita- pat; quaver, clutter, charivari, racket ; cuckoo; repetition &c. 104; peal of bells, devil's tattoo; reverberation &c. 408. V. roll, drum, rumble, rattle, clatter, patter, clack; bombinate. hum, trill, shake; chime, peal, toll; tick, beat, drum -, din- in the ear. Adj. rolling &c. v.; monotonous &c. (repeated) 104; like a bee in a bottle. 408. Resonance. — N. resonance; ring &c. v.; ringing &c. v.; reflexion, re- flection, reverberation. low -, base -, bass -, flat -, grave -, deep- note; bass; basso, - profondo; bari-, bary-tone; contralto. V. re-sound, -verberate, -echo; ring, jingle, gingle, chink, clink; tink, -le; chime; gurgle &c. 405; plash, guggle, echo, ring in the ear. Adj. resounding &c. v.; resonant, reverberant, tinnient f, tintinnabulary; deep-toned, -sounding, -mouthed; hollow, sepulchral; gruff &c. (harsh) 410. Phr. " sweet bells jangled, out of time and harsh " [Hamlet]. 408a. Nonresonance. — N. thud, thump, dead sound; nonresonance; muf- fled drums, cracked bell; damper; si- lencer. V. sound dead ; stop -, damp -, dead- en-, the -sound, - reverberations. Adj. nonresonant, dead. 409. [Hissing sounds.] Sibilation. — N. sibilation; zip; hiss &c. v.; sternu- tation; high note &c. 410. goose, serpent. V. hiss, buzz, whiz, rustle; fizz, -le; wheeze, whistle, snuffle; squash; sneeze; sizzle, swish. Adj. sibilant; hissing &c. v.; wheezy; sternutative. 410. [Harsh sounds.] Stridor. — N. creak &c. v.] creaking &c. v.; discord, &c. 414; stridor; roughness, sharpness, &c. adj.; cacophony; cacoepy. acute -, high- note; soprano, treble, tenor, alto, falsetto, penny trumpet, voce di testa. V. creak, grate, jar, burr, pipe, twang, jangle, clank, clink; scream &c. (cry) 411; yelp &c. (animal sound) 412; buzz &c. (hiss) 409. set the teeth on edge, ecorcher les oreilles; pierce -, split- the -ears, - head; offend -, grate upon -, jar upon- the ear. Adj. creaking &c. v.; stridulous, harsh, coarse, hoarse, horrisonous f, rough, gruff, grum, sepulchral, hollow. sharp, high, acute, shrill; trumpet-toned; piercing, ear-piercing, high- pitched, -toned; cracked; discordant &c. 414; cacophonous. 115 411 — 414 MATTER III. in. 2 411. Cry. — N. cry &c. v.; voice &c. (human) 580; hubbub; bark &c. (animal) 412. vociferation, outcry, hullabaloo, cho- rus, clamor, hue and cry, plaint; lungs; stentor. V. cry, roar, shout, bawl, brawl, hal- loo, halloa, hoop, whoop, yell, bellow, howl, scream, screech, screak, shriek, shrill, squeak, squeal, squall, whine, pule, pipe, yaup. cheer; hoot; grumble, moan, groan. snore, snort; grunt &c. (animal sounds) 412. vociferate; raise -, lift up- the voice; call -, sing -, cry- out; exclaim; rend the air ; thunder -, shout- at the -top of one's voice, - pitch of one's breath; s'egosiller; strain the -throat, - voice, - lungs; give a -cry &c. Adj. crying &c. v.; clam-ant, -orous; 404; open-mouthed. 412. [Animal sounds.] Ululation. — N. cry &c. v.; crying &c. v.; bow- wow, ululation, latration, belling; re- boation; woodnote; insect cry, friti- niancy |, drone; screech owl; cuckoo. V. cry, roar, bellow, blare, rebellow, bark, yelp; bay, - the moon; yap, growl, yarr f, yawl, snarl, howl; grunt, -le; snort, squeak; neigh, bray; mew, mewl; purr, caterwaul, pule; bleat, low, moo; troat, croak, crow, screech, caw, coo, gobble, quack, cackle, gaggle, gug- gle; chuck, -le; cluck, clack; chirp, cheep, chirrup, twitter, cuckoo; hum, buzz; hiss, blatter. Adj. crying &c. v.; blatant, latrant; re-, mugient; deep-, full-mouthed; re- bellowing, reboant. Adv. in full cry. vociferous; stentorian &c. (loud) (iii) Musical Sounds 414. Discord. — N. discord, -ance; dissonance, cacophony, want of har- mony, caterwauling; harshness &c. 410. [Confused sounds] Babel; Dutch -, cat's- concert; marrowbones and clea- vers. V. be -discordant &c. adj.; jar &c. (sound harshly) 410. Adj. discordant; dis-, ab-sonant; out of tune, tuneless; un-musical, -tunable; un-, im-melodious; un-, in-harmonious; singsong; cacophonous; harsh &c. 410; jarring. 413. Melody. Concord. — N. mel- ody, rhythm, measure; rhyme &c. (poetry) 597. pitch, timbre, intonation, tone. scale, gamut; diapason; diatonic -, chromatic -, enharmonic- scale; key, clef, chords. modulation, temperament, syncope, syncopation, preparation, suspension, resolution. staff, stave, line, space, brace; bar, rest; appoggia-to, -tura; acciaccatura. note, musical note, notes of a scale; sharp, flat, natural; high note &c. (shrillness) 410; low note &c. 408; interval; semitone; second, third, fourth &c; diatessaron. breve, semibreve, minim, crotchet, quaver; semi-, demisemi-quaver; sustained note, drone, burden. tonic; key-, leading-, fundamental- note; supertonic, mediant, dominant; sub-mediant, -dominant; octave, tetrachord; major -, minor- -mode, - scale, - key; passage, phrase. concord, harmony; emmeleia; unison, -ance; chime, homophony; euphon-y, -ism; tonality; consonance; concent; part. [Science of harmony] harmon-y, -ics; thorough-, fundamental-bass; coun- terpoint; faburden. piece of music &c. 415; composer, harmonist, contrapuntist. V. be -harmonious &c. adj.; harmonize, chime, symphonize, transpose; put in tune, tune, accord, string. Adj. harmoni-ous, -cal; in -concord &c. n., - tune, - concert; unisonant, concentual, symphonizing, isotonic, homophonous, assonant; ariose, conso- nant. measured, rhythmical, diatonic, chromatic, enharmonic, 116 III. in. 2 ORGANIC MATTER 413 — 416 melodious, musical; melic; tuneful, tunable; sweet, dulcet, canorous; mell- ow, -ifluous; soft, clear, - as a bell; silvery; euphon-ious, -ic, -ical; sympho- nious; enchanting &c. (pleasure-giving) 829; fine-, full-, silver-toned. Adv. harmoniously &c. adj. Phr. " the hidden soul of harmony " [Milton]. 415. Music. — N. music; concert; strain, tune, air; melody &c. 413; aria, arietta; piece of music, sonata; rond-o, -eau; pastorale, cavatina, roulade, fan- tasia, concerto, overture, symphony, variations, cadenza; cadence; fugue, canon, serenade, notturno, dithyramb; opera, operetta; oratorio; composition, move- ment; stave; passamezzo, toccata, Vorspiel. instrumental music ; full score; minstrelsy, tweedledum and tweedledee, band, orchestra; concerted piece, potpourri, capriccio. vocal music, vocalism; chaunt, chant; psalm, -ody; hymn; song &c. (poem) 597; canticle, canzonet, cantata, bravura, lay, ballad, ditty, carol, pastoral, recitative, recitativo, solfeggio. Lydian measures; slow -music, - movement; adagio &c. adv.; minuet; siren strains, soft music, lullaby; dump; dirge &c. (lament) 839; pibroch; martial music, march; dance music; waltz &c. (dance) 840. solo, duet, duo, trio; quartet, -t; septett; part song, descant, glee, madrigal, catch, round, chorus, chorale; antiphon, -y; accompaniment, second, bass; score; bourdon, drone, morceau, terzetto. composer &c. 413; musician &c. 416. V. compose, perform &c. 416; attune. Adj. musical; instrumental, vocal, choral, lyric, operatic; harmonious &c. 413; Wagnerian. Adv. adagio; largo, larghetto, andan-te, -tino; alia capella; maestoso, moderato; allegr-o, -etto; spiritoso, vivace, veloce; prest-o, -issimo; con brio; capriccioso ; scherz-o, -ando; legato, staccato, crescendo, diminuendo, rallentando, affettuoso; obbligato; pizzicato; desto. Phr. " in notes by distance made more sweet " [Collins]; " like the faint exquisite music of a dream " [Moore]; " music arose with its voluptuous swell " [Byron]; " music is the uni- versal language of mankind " [Longfellow]; " music's golden tongue " (Keats]; " the speech of angels " [Carlyle]; " will sing the savageness out of a bear " [Othello]. 416. Musician. [Performance of Music] — N. musician, artiste, performer, player, minstrel; bard &c. (poet) 597; accompan-, accordion-, instrumental-, organ-, pian-, violin-, flaut-ist; harper, fiddler, fifer, trumpeter, piper, drum- mer; catgut scraper. band, orchestra, waits. vocal-, melod-ist; singer, warbler; songst-, chaunt-er, -ress; cantatrice. choir, quire, chorister; chorus, - singer; liedertafel. nightingale, philomel, thrush; siren; bulbul, mavis; Pierides; sacred nine; Orpheus, Apollo, the Muses, Erato, Euterpe, Terpsichore; tuneful -nine, - quire. composer &c. 413. performance, execution, touch, expression, solmization. V. play, pipe, strike up, sweep the chords, tweedle, fiddle; strike the lyre, beat the drum; blow -, sound -, wind- the horn; doodle; grind the organ ; touch the -guitar &c. (instruments) All; thrum, strum, beat time. execute, perform; accompany; sing -, play- a second; compose, set to music, arrange. sing, chaunt, chant, hum, warble, carol, chirp, chirrup, lilt, purl, quaver, trill, shake, twitter, whistle; sol-fa; intone. have -an ear for music, - a musical ear, - a correct ear. Adj. playing &c. v.; musical. Adv. adagio, andante &c. (music) 415. 117 417 — 419 MATTER III. in. 2 417. Musical Instruments. — N. musical instruments; band; string-, brass-band; orchestra; orchestrina. [Stringed instruments] mono-, poly-chord; harp, lyre, lute, archlute; mandol- a, -in, -inc; guitar; zither; cither, -n; gittern, rebeck, bandurria, banjo; bina, vina; xanorphica. viol, -in; fiddle, kit; viola, - d'amore, - di gamba; tenor, cremona, violoncello, bass; bass-, base-viol; theorbo, double base, contrabasso, violone, psaltery; bow, fiddlestick. piano, -forte; harpsi-, clavi-, clari-, mani-chord; clavier, spinet, virginals, dulcimer, hurdy-gurdy, vielle, pianino, Eolian harp. [Wind instruments] organ; harmoni-um, -phon; American-, barrel-, hand- organ; accordian, seraphina, concertina; humming top. flute, fife, piccolo, flageolet; clari-net, -onet; basset horn, corno di bassetto, oboe, hautboy, cor Anglais, corno Inglese, bassoon, double bassoon, contrafagotto, serpent, bass clarinet; bag-, union-pipes; musette, ocarina, Pandean pipes; reed instrument; sirene, pipe, pitch-pipe; sourdet; whistle, catcall; doodlesack, harmoniphone. horn, bugle, cornet, cornet-a-pistons, cornopeanf, clarion, trumpet, trombone, ophicleide; French-, bugle-, sax-, flugel-, alt-, helican-, post-horn; sackbut, euphonium, bombardon, tuba. [Vibrating surfaces] cymbal, bell, gong; tambour, -ine; drum, tom-tom; tab- or, -ret, -ourine, -orin; side-, kettle-drum; tympani; tymbal, timbrel, castanet, bones; musical-glasses, -stones; harmonica, sounding-board, rattle; tam-tam, zambomba. [Vibrating bars] reed, tuning fork, triangle, Jew's harp, musical box, har- monicon, xylophone. sord-ine, -et; sourd-ine, -et; mute. (iv) Perception of Sound' 418. [Sense of sound.] Hearing. — N. hearing &c. v.; audition, auscultation; eavesdropping ; audibility. acute -, nice -, delicate -, quick -, sharp -, correct -, musical -ear; ear for music. ear, auricle, lug, acoustic organs, audi- tory apparatus, ear-drum, tympanum; ear-, speaking-trumpet; telephone, pho- nograph, microphone; gramophone, meg- aphone, phonorganon. hearer, auditor, listener, eavesdropper; audi-tory, -ence. V. hear, overhear; hark, -en; list, -en; give -, lend -, bend- an ear; catch a sound, prick up one's ears; give ear, give -a hearing, - audience- to. hang upon the lips of, be all ear, listen with both ears. become audible; meet -, fall upon -, catch -, reach- the ear; be heard; ring in the ear &c. (resound) 408. Adj. hearing &c. v.; auditory, auricular, acoustic; phonic. Adv. arrectis auribus. Int. hark, - ye! hear! list, -en! O yes! Oyez! 419. Deafness. — N. deafness, hard- ness of hearing, surdity f ; inaudibility, inaudibleness. V. be -deaf &c. adj.; have no ear; shut -, stop -, close- one's ears; turn a deaf ear to. render deaf, stun, deafen. Adj. deaf, earless, surd; hard -, dull- of hearing; deaf-mute, stunned, deaf- ened; stone deaf; deaf as -a post, - an adder, - a beetle, - a trunkmaker. inaudible, out of hearing. 118 III. in. 2 ORGANIC MATTER 420 — 422 (6) Light (i) Light in General 420. Light. — N. light, ray, beam, stream, gleam, streak, pencil; sun-, moon-beam; aurora. day; sunshine; light of -day, - heaven; sun &c. {luminary) 432-, day-, broad day-, noontide- light; noon-tide, -day. glow &c. v.; glimmering &c. v.; glint; play -, flood- of light; phosphorescence, lambent flame. flush, halo, glory, nimbus, aureola. spark, scintilla; facula; sparkling &c. v.; emication f, scintillation, flash, blaze, coruscation, fulguration; flame &c. {fire) 382; lightning, levin, ignis fatuus, &c. {luminary) 423. luster, sheen, shimmer, reflexion, re- flection; gloss, tinsel, spangle, bright- ness, brilliancy, splendor; eff-, re-ful- gence; ful-gor, -gidity; dazzlement, re- splendence, transplendency ; luminous- ness &c. adj.; luminosity; lucidity; re-f, nitency; radi-ance, -ation; irradiation, illumination. actinic rays, actinism; Rontgen-, X- ray; phot-, heli-ography; photometer &c. 445. [Science of light] optics; photo-logy, -metry; di-, cat-optrics. [Distribution of light] chiaroscuro, clairobscur, clear obscure, breadth, light and shade, black and white, tonality. reflection, refraction, dispersion; re- fractivity. V. shine, glow, glitter; glis-ter, -ten; twinkle, gleam; flare, - up; glare, beam, shimmer, glimmer, flicker, sparkle, scin- tillate, coruscate, flash, blaze; be -bright &c. adj.; reflect light, daze, dazzle, be- lazzle, radiate, shoot out beams; ful- gurate. clear up, brighten. lighten, enlighten; levin; light, - up; irradiate, shine upon; give - hang out a- light; cast -, throw -, shed- -luster, - light- upon; illum-e, -ine, -inate; re- lume, strike a light; kindle &c. {set fire to) 384. Adj. shining &c. v.; lumin-ous, -ifer- ous; luc-id, -ent, -ulent, -ific, -iferous; light, -some; bright, vivid, splendent, nitid, lustrous, shiny, beamy, scintil- lant, radiant, lambent; sheen, -y; glossy, burnished, glassy, sunny, orient, merid- 421. Darkness. — N. darkness &c. adj.; blackness &c. {dark color) 131; obscurity, gloom, murk; dusk &c {dim- ness) 422. Cimmerian -, Stygian -, Egyptian- darkness; night; midnight; dead of -, witching hour of -, witching time of- night; blind man's holiday; darkness -visible, - that can be felt ; palpable ob- scure; Erebus; "the jaws of darkness" [Midsummer Night's Dream]; "sable- vested Night" [Milton]. shade, shadow, umbra, penumbra; sciagraphy. obscuration; ad-, ob-umbration; ob- tenebration, offuscation f, caligationf; extinction; eclipse, total eclipse; gather- ing of the clouds. shading; distribution of shade; chiar- oscuro &c. {light) 420. noctivagation. V. be -dark &c. adj. darken, obscure, shade; dim; tone down, lower; over-cast, -shadow; eclipse; ob-, of-f fuscate; ob-, ad-umbrate; cast into the shade; be-cloud, -dim, -darken; cast -, throw -, spread- a -shade, - shad- ow, - gloom. extinguish; put -, blow -, snuff- out; doubt. Adj. dark, -some, -ling; obscure, te- nebrious, sombrous, pitch dark, pitchy; caliginous; black &c. {in color) 431. sunless, lightless &c. {see sun, light, &c. 423); somber, dusky; unilluminated ; chessboard, checkers, chequers; harlequin; Joseph's coat; tricolor. V. be -variegated &c. adj.; variegate, stripe, streak, checker, chequer; be-, speckle; be-, sprinkle; stipple, maculate, dot, bespot; tattoo, inlay, damascene; embroider, braid, quilt. Adj. variegated &c. v.; many-colored, -hued; divers-, party-colored; di-, poly-chromatic; bi-, tri-, versi-color; of all- the colors of the rainbow, - manner of colors; kaleidoscopic. iridescent; opal-ine, -escent; prismatic, nacreous, pearly, shot, gorge de pigeon, chatoyant; irisated, pavonine. pied, piebald; motley; mottled, marbled; pepper and salt, paned, dappled, clouded, cymophanous. mosaic, tesselated, plaid; tortoise shell &c. n. spott-ed, -y; punctated, powdered; speckled &c. v.; freckled, flea-bitten, studded; fleck-ed, -ered; striated, barred, veined; brind-ed, -led; tabby; wa- tered; grizzled; listed; embroidered &c. v.; daedal; naevose, stipiform; stri-gose, -olate. (iii) Perceptions of Light 441. Vision. — N. vision, sight, op- tics, eyesight. view, look, espial, glance, ken, coup d'ceil; glimpse, glint, peep; gaze, stare, 442. Blindness. — N. blindness, ce- city, excecation f, amaurosis, cataract, ablepsy f, prestrictionf; dim-sightedness &c. 443; ablepsia; Braille, -type; gutta 123 441 — 443 MATTER III. in. 2 leer; perlustration, contemplation; con- spect-ion f, -uity t; regard, survey; in-, intro-spection; reconnaissance, specula- tion, watch, espionage, espionnage, au- topsy; ocular -inspection, - demonstra- tion; sight-seeing. point of view; gazebo, loophole, bel- vedere, watchtower. field of view; theater, amphitheater, arena, vista, horizon; commanding -, bird's eye- view; periscope. visual organ, organ of vision; eye; naked -, unassisted- eye; retina, pupil, iris, cornea, white; optics, orbs; saucer -, goggle -, gooseberry- eyes. short sight &c. 443; clear -, sharp -, quick -, eagle -, piercing -, penetrating- -sight, - glance, - eye; perspicacity, dis- cernment; catopsis. eagle, hawk; cat, lynx; Argus. evil eye; basilisk, cockatrice. V. see, behold, discern, perceive, have in sight, descry, sight, make out, dis- cover, distinguish, recognize, spy, espy, ken; get -, have -, catch- a -sight, - glimpse- of; command a view of; witness, contemplate, speculate; cast -, set- the eyes on; be a -spectator &c. 444- of; look on &c. (be present) 186; see sights &c. (curiosity) 455; see at a glance &c. (intelligence) 498. look, view, eye; lift up the eyes, open one's eye; look -at, - on, - upon, - over, - about one, - round; survey, scan, inspect; run the eye -over, - through ; reconnoiter, glance -round, - on, - over; turn -, bend- one's looks upon; direct the eyes to, turn the eyes on, cast a glance. observe &c. (attend to) 457; watch &c. (care) 459; see with one's own eyes; watch for &c. (expect) 507; peep, peer, pry, take a peep; play at bopeep. look- -full in the face, - hard at, - intently; strain one's eyes; fix -, rivet- the eyes upon; stare, gaze; pore over, gloat on; leer, ogle, glare; goggle; cock the eye, squint, gloat, look askance. Adj. seeing &c. v.; visual, ocular; optic, -al; ophthalmic. clear-sighted &c. n.; eagle-, hawk-, lynx-, keen-, Argus-eyed. visible &c. 446. Adv. visibly &c. 446; in sight of, with one's eyes open. at -sight, - first sight, - a glance, - the first blush; prima facie. Int. look! &c. (attention) 457. Phr. the scales falling from one's eyes; " an eye like Mars to threaten or command " [Hamlet]; " her eyes are homes of silent prayer " [Tennyson]; " looking before and after " [Hamlet]; " thy rapt soul sitting in thine eyes " [Milton]. serena (" drop serene "), noctograph, teichopsia. V. be -blind &c. adj. ; not see; lose sight of; have the eyes bandaged; grope in the dark. not look; close -, shut -, turn away -, avert- the eyes; look another way; wink &c. (limited vision) 443; shut the eyes -, be blind- to; wink -, blink- at. render -blind &c. adj. ; blind, -fold; hoodwink, dazzle; put one's eyes out; throw dust into one's eyes; jeter de la poudre aux yeux; screen from sight &c. (hide) 52%. Adj. blind; eye-, sight-, vision-less; dark; stone-, sand-, stark-blind; undis- cerning; dim-sighted &c. 443. blind as -a bat, - a buzzard, - a beetle, - a mole, - an owl; wall-eyed. blinded &c. v. Adv. blind-ly, -fold; darkly. Phr. " O dark, dark, dark, amid the blaze of noon " [Milton]. 443. [Imperfect vision.] Dim-sightedness. [Fallacies of vision.] — N. dim -, dull -, half -, short -, near -, long -, double -, astigmatic -, failing- sight; dim &c. -sightedness; purblindness, lippitude; my-, presby-opia; confusion of vision; astigmatism; color blindness, chromato-pseudo-blepsis, Daltonism; nyctalopia; strabismus, strabism, squint; blearedness, day blindness, heme- ralopia, nystagmus; xantho-cyanopia, -psia; cast in the eye, swivel eye, goggle- eyes ; obliquity of vision. winking &c. v.; nictitation; blinkard, albino. dizziness, swimming, scotomy; cataract; ophthalmia. [Limitation of vision] blinker; screen &c. (hider) 530. 124 III. in. 2 ORGANIC MATTER 443 — 447 [Fallacies of vision] deceptio visits; refraction, distortion, illusion, false light, anamorphosis, virtual image, spectrum, mirage, looming, phasmaf; phant- asm, -asma, -om; vision; specter, apparition, ghost; ignis fatuus &c. (luminary) 423; specter of the Brocken; magic mirror; magic lantern &c. (show) 448; mirror, lens &c. (instrument) 445. V. be -dim-sighted &c. n.; see double; have a -mote in the eye, - mist before the eyes, - film over the eyes; see through a -prism, - glass darkly; wink, blink, nictitate; squint; look ask-ant, -ance; screw up the eyes, glare, glower; nictate. dazzle, loom. Adj. dim-sighted &c. n.;my-, presby-opic; astigmatic; moon-, mope-, blear-, goggle-, gooseberry-, one-eyed; blind of one eye, monoculous; half-, pur-blind; cock-, dim-, mole-eyed; dichroic. blind as a bat &c. (blind) 442; winking &c. v. 444. Spectator. — N. spectator, beholder, observer, looker-on, on-looker, witness, eyewitness, bystander, passer by; sight-seer; rubberneck * [U. S.]. spy; sentinel &c. (warning) 668. V. witness, behold &c. (see) 441 ; look on &c. (be present) 186; rubber *, -neck * [U. S.]. 445. Optical Instruments. — N. optical instruments; lens, meniscus, magnifier; micro-, mega-, tieno-scope; spectacles, glasses, barnacles, goggles, eyeglass, pince-nez; periscopic lens; telescope, glass, lorgnette, binocular; spy-, opera-, field-glass; burning glass, convex lens. mirror, reflector, speculum; looking-, pier-, cheval-glass. prism; camera-lucida, -obscura; magic lantern &c. (show) 448; stereopticon ; chro-, thau-matrope; stereo-, pseudo-, poly-, kaleido-scope. photo-, erio-, actino-, luci-, radio-meter; abdomino-, gastro-, helio-, polari-, polemo-, spectro-scope. abdominoscopy; gastroscopy; microscop-y, -ist. 446. Visibility. — N. visibility, per- ceptibility; conspicuousness, distinct- ness &c. adj.; conspicuity; appearance &c. 448; bassetting; exposure; manifes- tation &c. 525 ; ocular -proof, - evidence, - demonstration ; field of view &c. (vision) 441 ; periscopism. V. be -, become- -visible &c. adj.; appear, open to the view; meet -, catch- the eye; basset; present -, show -, mani- fest -, produce -, discover -, reveal -, expose -, betray- itself; stand -forth, - out; materialize; show; arise; peep -, peer -, crop- out ; start -, spring -, show -, turn -, crop- up; glimmer, loom; glare ; burst forth ; burst upon the -view, - sight ; heave in sight ; come -in sight, - into view, - out, - forth, - forward; sec the light of day; break through the clouds; make its appearance, show its face, appear to one's eyes, come upon the stage, float before the eyes, speak for itself &c. (manifest) 525; attract the attention &c. 457; reappear; live in a glass house. expose to view &c. 525. 447. Invisibility. — N. invisibility, invisibleness, nonappearance, impercep- tibility; indistinctness &c. adj.; mystery, delitescence. concealment &c. 528; latency &c. 526. V. be -invisible &c. adj.; be hidden &c. (hide) 528; lurk &c. (lie hidden) 526; escape notice. render -invisible &c. adj. ; conceal &c. 528; put out of sight. not see &c. (be blind) 442; lose sight of. Adj. invisible, imperceptible; un-, in-discernible; un-, non-apparent; out of -, not in- sight; a perte de vue; behind the -scenes, - curtain; view-, sight-less; in-, un-conspicuous; unseen &c. (see see &c. 441); covert &c. (latent) 526; eclipsed, under an eclipse. dim etc. (faint) 422; mysterious, dark, obscure, confused; indistin-ct, -guish- able; shadowy, indefinite, undefined; ill-defined, -marked; blurred, fuzzy, out of focus; misty &c. (opaque) 126; veiled &c. (concealed) 528; delitescent. Phr. " full many a flower is born to blush unseen " [Gray]. 125 446 — 449 MATTER III. in. 2 Adj. visible, perceptible, perceivable, discernible, apparent; in -view, -full view, - sight; exposed to view, en evidence; unclouded. obvious &c. {manifest) 525; plain, clear, distinct, definite; well-defined, -marked; in focus; recognizable, palpable, autoptical; glaring, staring, con- spicuous; stereoscopic; in -bold, - strong- relief. periscopic, panoramic. before - under- one's eyes; before one, a vue d'ozil, in one's eye, oculis sub- jects fidelibus. Adv. visibly &c. adj.; in sight of; before one's eyes &c. adj.) veluti in speculum. 448. Appearance. — N. appearance, phenomenon, sight, spectacle, show, premonstration f, scene, species, view, coup d'oril; lookout, outlook, prospect, vista, perspective, bird's-eye view, scen- ery, landscape, picture, tableau; display, exposure, mise en scene; rising of the curtain. phant-asm, -om &c. (fallacy of vision) 443. pageant, spectacle; peep-, raree-, gal- Ian ty-show; ombres chinoises; magic lan- tern, phantasmagoria, dissolving views; biograph, cinematograph, moving pic- tures; pan-, di-, cosm-, ge-orama; coup -, jeu- de theatre; pageantry &c. (ostenta- tion) 882; insignia &c. (indication) 550. aspect, angle, phase, phasis, seeming; shape &c. (form) 240; guise, look, com- plexion, color, image, mien, air, cast, carriage, port, demeanor; presence, ex- pression, first blush, face of the thing; point of view, light. lineament, feature, trait, lines; out-line, -side; contour, face, countenance, physiognomy, visage, phiz, cast of countenance, profile, tournure, cut of one's jib, metoposcopy; outside &c. 220. V. appear; be -, become- visible &c. 446; seem, look, show; present -, wear -, carry -, have -, bear -, exhibit -, take -, take on -, assume- the -appear- ance, - semblance- of; look like; cut a figure, figure; present to the view; show &c. (make manifest) 525. Adj. apparent, seeming, ostensible; on view. Adv. apparently; to all -seeming, - appearance; ostensibly, seemingly, as it seems, on the face of it, prima facie; at the first blush, at first sight; in the eyes of; to the eye. Phr. editio princeps. 449. Disappearance. — N. disap- pearance, evanescence, eclipse, occupa- tion. departure &c. 293; exit; vanishing point; dissolving views. V. disappear, vanish, dissolve, fade, melt away, pass, go, avaunt; be -gone &c. adj. ; leave -no trace, - " not a rack behind " [Tempest]; go off the stage &c. (depart) 293; suffer -, undergo- an eclipse ; retire from sight ; be lost to view, pass out of sight. lose sight of. efface &c. 552. Adj. disappearing &c. v.; evanescent; missing, lost; lost to -sight, - view; gone. Int. vanish! disappear! avaunt! &c. (ejection) 297. 136 IV. (I) i OPERATIONS, ETC., OF INTELLECT 450 — 452 CLASS IV Words relating to the INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES Division (I) FORMATION OF IDEAS Section I. Operations of Intellect in General 450a. Absence or want of Intellect. — N. absence -, want- of -intellect &c. 450; imbecility &c. 499; brutality; brute -instinct, - force. Adj. unendowed with -, void of- rea- son. 450. Intellect. — N. intellect, mind, understanding, reason, thinking princi- ple ; rationality ; cogitative -, cognitive -, discursive -, reasoning -, intellectual- faculties; faculties, senses, conscious- ness, observation, percipience, intelli- gence, intellection, intuition, association of ideas, instinct, conception, judgment, wits, parts, capacity, intellectuality, genius; brains, cognitive -, intellectual- powers; wit &c. 498; ability &c. (skill) 698; wisdom &c. 498; Vernunft, Verstand. soul, spirit, ghost, inner man, heart, breast, bosom, penetralia mentis, divina particula aura, heart's core; the Absolute, psyche, subliminal con- sciousness, supreme principle. organ -, seat- of thought; sensorium, sensory, brain; head, -piece; pate, noddle, skull, scull, pericranium, cerebrum, cranium, brainpan, sconce, up- per story. [Science of mind] metaphysics; psych-ics, -ology; ideology; mental -, moral- philosophy; philosophy of the mind; pneumat-, phren-ology; cranio- tomy, -scopy. ideal-ity, -ism; transcendental-, spiritual-ism; immateriality &c. 317; universal -concept, - conception. metaphysician, psychologist &c. V. note, notice, mark; take -notice, - cognizance- of; be -aware, - con- scious- of; realize; appreciate; ruminate &c. (think) 451; fancy &c. (imagim I 515. Adj. [Relating to intellect] intellectual, mental, rational, subjective, meta- physical, nooscopic, spiritual; ghostly; psych-ical, -ological; cerebral; ani- mastic; brainy; hyper-, super-physical; subconscious, subliminal. immaterial &c. 317; endowed with reason. Adv. in petto. Phr. ens rationis; frons est animi janua [Cicero]; locos y ninos dicen la verdad; mens sola loco non exulat [Ovid]; " my mind is my kingdom " [Campbell]; " stern men with empires in their brains " [Lowell]; " the mind, the music breathing from her face " [Byron]; " thou living ray of intellectual Fire " [Falconer]. 451. Thought. — N. thought; exer- citation -, exercise- of the intellect; intellection; reflection, cogitation, con- sideration, meditation, study, lucubra- tion, speculation, deliberation, ponder- ing; head-, brain-work; cerebration; deep reflection; close study, application &c. (attention) 457. 452. [Absence or want of thought.] Incogitancy. — N. incogitancy, va- cancy, inunderstanding ; fatuity &c. 499; thoughtlessness &c. (inattention) 458; vacuity. V. not -think &c. 451; not think of; dismiss from the -mind, - thoughts &c. 451. 127 451 — 454 INTELLECT IV. (I) 1 indulge in reverie &c. (be inattentive) 458. put away thought; unbend -, relax -, divert- the mind. Adj. vacant, unintellectual, unideal, unoccupied, unthinking, inconsiderate, thoughtless; absent &c. (inattentive) 458; diverted; irrational &c. 499; narrow- minded &c. 481. un-thought of, -dreamt of, -consid- ered; off one's mind; incogitable, not to be thought of. Phr. absence d' esprit; pabulum pictura pascit inani. abstract thought, abstraction, contem- plation, musing; brown study &c. (inat- tention) 458; reverie, Platonism; depth of thought, workings of the mind, thoughts, inmost thoughts; self-counsel, -communing, -consultation; philosophy of the -Absolute, - Academy, - Garden, Lyceum, - Porch. association -, succession -, flow -, train -, current- of -thought, - ideas. after -, mature- thought ; reconsidera- tion, second thoughts; retrospection &c. (memory) 505; excogitation; examina- tion &c. (inquiry) 461; invention &c. (imagination) 515. thoughtfulness &c. adj. V. think, reflect, cogitate, excogitate, consider, deliberate; bestow -thought, - consideration -upon; speculate, contemplate, meditate, ponder, muse, dream, ruminate; brood -, con- over; animadvert, study; bend -, apply- the mind &c. (attend) 457; digest, discuss, hammer at, weigh, perpend; realize, appreciate; fancy &c. (imagine) 515; trow. take into consideration; take counsel &c. (be advised) 695; commune with -, bethink- oneself; collect one's thoughts; revolve -, turn over -, run over- in the mind; chew the cud -, sleep- upon; take counsel of -, advise with- one's pillow. rack -, ransack -, crack -, beat -, cudgel- one's brains; set one's -brain, - wits- to work. harbor -, entertain -, cherish -, nurture- an -idea &c. 453; take into one's head; bear in mind; reconsider. occur; present -, suggest- itself; come -, get- into one's head; strike one, flit across the view, come uppermost, run in one's head; enter -, pass in -, cross -, flash on -, flash across -, float in - fasten itself on -, be uppermost in -, occupy- the mind; have in one's mind. make an impression; sink -, penetrate- into the mind; engross the thoughts. Adj. thinking &c. v.; thoughtful, pensive, meditative, reflective, museful, wistful, contemplative, speculative, deliberative, studious, sedate, introspec- tive, Platonic, philosophical. lost in thought &c. (inattentive) 458; deep musing &c. (intent) 457. in the mind, under consideration. Adv. all things considered. Phr. the mind being on the stretch; the -mind, - head- -turning, - running- upon; " di- vinely bent to meditation " [Rich. Ill]; en toute chose ilfaut considerer la fin; " fresh-pluckt from bowers of never-failing thought " [O. Meredith]; " go speed the stars of Thought " [Emerson]; "in maiden meditation fancy-free" [M. N. D.]; "so sweet is zealous con- templation " [Rich. Ill]; " the power of Thought is the magic of the Mind " [Byron]; '" those that think must govern those that toil " [Goldsmith]; " thought is parent of the deed " [Carlyle]; " thoughts in attitudes imperious " [Longfellow]; " thoughts that breathe and words that burn " [Gray]; vivere est cogitate [Cicero]; Volk der Dichter und Denker. 453. [Object of thought.] Idea. — N. idea, notion, conception, thought, appre- hension, impression, perception, image, ci'SoAov, sentiment, reflection, observa- tion, consideration; abstract idea; arche- type, formative notion; guiding -, or- ganizing- conception; image in the mind, regulative principle. view &c. (opinion) 484; theory &c, 128 454. [Subject of thought, voryxaTa.] Topic. — N. subject of -, material for- thought; food for the mind, mental pab- ulum. subject, -matter; matter, theme, vorj- puara, topic, what it is about, thesis, text, business, affair, matter in hand, argu- ment; motion, resolution; head, chapter; case, point; proposition, theorem; field IV. (I) ii OPERATIONS, ETC., OF INTELLECT 453 —458 514; conceit, fancy; phantasy &c. (imag- of inquiry; moot point, problem &c. ination) 515. (question) 401. point of view &c. (aspect) 448; field of V. float - pass- in the mind &c. 451. view. Adj. thought of; uppermost in the mind; in petto. Adv. under consideration; in -question, - the mind; on -foot, - the carpet, the docket, - the tapis; relative to &c. 9. Section II. Precursory Conditions and Operations 455. [The desire of knowledge.] Curi- osity. — N. interest, thirst for knowl- edge; curi-osity, -ousness; inquiring- mind; inquisitiveness. sight-seer, quidnunc, newsmonger, Paul Pry, eavesdropper; gossip &c. (news) 532; rubberneck* [U. S.]. V. be -curious &c. adj. ; take an inter- est in, stare, gape; prick up the ears, see sights, lionize; pry; nose; rubber*, -neck* [U. S.]. Adj. curious, inquisitive, burning with curiosity, overcurious; inquiring &c. 461; prying; inquisitorial; agape &c. (expectant) 507. Phr. what's the matter? what next? 456. [Absence of curiosity.] Incuri- osity. — N. incuriosity; incuriousness &c. adj.; insouciance &c. 866; indiffer- ence. V. be -incurious &c. adj.; have no -curiosity &c. 455; take no interest in &c. 823; mind one's own business. Adj. incurious, uninquisitive, indif- ferent; impassive &c. 823; uninterested. 457. Attention. — N. attention; mindfulness &c. adj.; intent-ness, -ive- ness; alertness; thought &c. 451; adver- ten-ce, -cy; observ-ance, -ation; con- sideration, reflection, perpension f ; heed ; heedfulness; particularity; notice, re- gard &c. v.; circumspection &c. (care) 459; study, scrutiny; in-, intro-spection; revis-ion, -al. active -, diligent -, exclusive -, mi- nute -, close -, intense -, deep -, pro- found -, abstract -, labored -, delib- erate — thought, - attention, - applica- tion, - study. minuteness, attention to detail. absorption of mind &c. (abstraction) 458. indication, calling attention to &c. v. V. be -attentive &c. adj. ; attend, ad- vert to, observe, look, see, view, remark, notice, regard, take notice, mark; give -, pay- -attention, - heed- to; incline -, lend- an ear to ; trouble one's head about ; give a thought -, animadvert- to ; occu- py oneself with; contemplate &c. (think of) 451; look -at, - to, - after, - into, - over; see to; turn -, bend -, apply -, direct -, give- the -mind, - eye, - atten- tion -to; have -an eye to, - in one's eye; bear in mind ; take into -account, - con- sideration; keep in -sight, - view; have 458. Inattention. — N. in-atten- tion, -consideration; inconsiderateness &c. adj.; oversight; inadverten-ce, -cy; nonobservance, disregard. supineness &c. (inactivity) 683; Stour- derie; want of thought; heedlessness &c. (neglect) 460; insouciance &c. (indiffer- ence) 866. abstraction; absence -, absorption- of mind; preoccupation, distraction, rev- erie, brown study, deep musing, fit of abstraction. V. be -inattentive &c. adj.; overlook, disregard; pass by &c. (neglect) 460; not -observe &c. 457; think little of. close -, shut- one's eyes to; pay no attention to; dismiss -, discard -, dis- charge- from one's -thoughts, - mind; drop the subject, think no more of: se1 -, turn -, put- aside; turn -away from, - one's attention from, a deaf ear to, - one's back upon. abstract oneself, dream, indulge in reverie. escape -notice, - attention; come in at one ear and go out at the other; for- get &c. (have no remembranc* I 506. call off -, draw off , call away -, divert -, distract- the -attention, thoughts, - mind; put out of one's hem I ; dis-concert, -compose ; put out, confuse, 120 457 — 460 INTELLECT IV. (I) n regard to, heed, mind, take cognizance of, entertain, recognize; make -, take- note of; note. examine cursorily ; glance -at, - upon, - over; cast -, pass- the eyes over; run over, turn over the leaves, dip into, per- stringe f; skim &c. (neglect) 460; take a cursory view of. examine, - closely, - intently; scan, scrutinize, consider; give -, bend- one's mind to; overhaul, revise, pore over; inspect, review, pass under review; take stock of ; fix -, rivet -, devote- the -eye, - mind, - thoughts, - attention- on or to; hear -, think- out; mind one's busi- ness. revert to; watch &c. (expect) 507, (take care of) 459; hearken -, listen- to; prick up the ears; have -, keep- the eyes open ; come to the point. meet with attention; fall under one's -notice, - observation; be -under con- sideration &c. (topic) 454. catch -, strike- the eye; attract notice; catch -, awaken -, wake -, invite -, solicit -, attract -, claim -, excite -, en- gage -, occupy -, strike -, arrest -, fix -, engross -, absorb — rivet- the -atten- tion, - mind, - thoughts; be -present to, - uppermost in- the mind, bring under one's notice; point -out, - to, - at, - the finger at; lay the finger on, indigitate f, indicate; direct -, call- attention to; show; put a -mark &c. (sign) 550- upon; call soldiers to " atten- tion "; bring forward &c. (make manifest) 525. Adj. attentive, mindful, observant, regardful; alive -, awake- to; observing &c. v.; alert; taken up -, occupied- with; engaged -, engrossed -, wrapped- in; absorbed, rapt; breathless; preoccupied &c. (inattentive) 458; watchful &c. (careful) 459; intent on, open-eyed; breathless, undistracted, upon the stretch; on the watch &c. (expectant) 507. steadfast. Int. see! look, - here, - you, - to it! mark! lo! behold! soho! hark,.- ye! mind! halloo! observe! lo and behold! attention! nota bene; n.b.; *, f; I'd have you to know; notice! O yes! Oyez! dekko! eccol yoho! Phr. this is -, these are- to give notice; dictum sapienti sat est; finem respice. perplex, bewilder, moider, fluster s mud- dle, dazzle; throw a sop to Cerberus. Adj. inattentive; un-observant, -mindful, -heeding, -discerning; inad- vertent; mind-, regard-, respect-less; listless &c. (indifferent) 866; blind, deaf; bird-witted; hand over head; cur-, percur-sory; giddy-, scatter-, hare- brained; unreflecting, ecervele, incon- siderate, offhand, thoughtless, dizzy, muzzy, brainsick; giddy, - as a goose; wild, harum-scarum, rantipole, high- flying; heed-, care-less &c. (neglectful) 460. absent, abstracted, distrait; absent- minded, lost ; lost -, wrapped- in thought ; rapt, in the clouds, bemused; dreaming -, musing- on other things; preoccupied, engrossed &c. (attentive) 457; in a -rev- erie &c. n.) off one's guard &c. (inexpect- ant) 508; napping; dreamy; caught nap- ping. disconcerted, put out &c. v. Adv. inattentively, inadvertently &c. adj. ; per incuriam, sub silentio. Int. stand -at ease, - easy! Phr. the attention wanders; one's wits gone a -woolgathering, - bird's nesting; it never en- tered into one's head; the mind running on other things; one's thoughts being elsewhere; had it been a bear it would have bitten you. 459. Care. — [Vigilance.] — N. care, solicitude, heed; heedfulness &c. adj.; scruple &c. (conscientiousness) 939. watchfulness &c. adj. ; vigilance, sur- veillance, eyes of Argus, watch, vigil, look out, watch and ward, Voeil du mai- tre. alertness &c. (activity) 682; attention &c. 457; prudence &c, circumspection &c. (caution) 864; anxiety; forethought &c. 510; precaution &c. (preparation) 673; tidiness &c. (order) 58, (cleanliness) 130 460. Neglect. — N. neglect; careless- ness &c. adj. ; trifling &c. v.; negligence; omission, laches, default; supineness &c. (inactivity) 683; inattention &c. 458; nonchalance &c. (insensibility) 823; im- prudence, recklessness &c. 863; sloven- liness &c. (disorder) 59, (dirt) 653; im- providence &c. 674; noncompletion &c. 730; inexactness &c. (error) 495. paraleipsis [in rhetoric]. trifler, waiter on Providence; Micaw- ber. IV. (I) ii OPERATIONS, ETC., OF INTELLECT 459 — 462 652; accuracy &c. (exactness) 494; mi- nuteness, attention to detail. V. be -careful &c. adj. ; reck; take care &c. (be cautious) 864 ; pay attention to &c. 457; take care of; look -, see- -to, - after; keep -an eye, - a sharp eye- upon; chaperon, matronize, play goose- berry; keep -watch, - watch and ward; mount guard, set watch, watch; keep in -sight, - view; mind, - one's busi- ness. look -sharp, - about one; look with one's own eyes; keep a -good, - sharp- lookout; have all one's -wits, - eyes- about one; watch for &c. (expect) 507; keep one's eyes -, have the eyes -, sleep with one eye- open. take precautions &c. 673; protect &c. (render safe) 664. do one's best &c. 682; mind one's Ps and Qs, speak by the card, pick one's steps. Adj. care-, regard-, heed-ful; taking care &c. v.; particular; prudent &c. (cautious) 864; considerate; thoughtful &c. (deliberative) 451; provident &c. (prepared) 673; alert &c. (active) 682 sure-footed. guarded, on one's guard; on the -qui vive, - alert, - watch, - look out; awake broad awake, vigilant; watch-, wake- wist-ful; Argus-eyed; wide awake &c (intelligent) 498; on the watch for &c (expectant) 507. tidy &c. (orderly) 58, (clean) 652 accurate &c. (exact) 494; scrupulous &c. (conscientious) 939; cavendo tutus &c. (safe) 664. Adv. carefully &c. adj.; with care, gingerly. Phr. quis custodiet istos cuslodes ? " care will kill a cat " [Wither]; ni bebas agua que no veas; " O polished perturbation! golden care! " [Henry IV.]; " the incessant care and labor of his mind " [Henry IV.]. V. be -negligent &c. adj.; take no care of &c. (take care of &c. 459) ; neg- lect; let -slip, - go; lay -, set -, cast -, put- aside; keep -, leave- out of sight; lose sight of. overlook, disregard; pass -over, - by; let pass; blink; wink -, connive- at; gloss over; take no -note, - notice, - thought, - account- of; pay no regard to; laisser alter. scamp; trifle, fribble; do by halves; cut; slight &c. (despise) 930; play -, trifle- with; slur; skim, - the surface; effleurer; ta.ke a cursory view of &c. 457. slur -, slip -, skip -, jump- over; pre- termit, miss, skip, jump, omit, give the go-by to, push aside, pigeonhole, throw into the background, shelve, sink; ig- nore, shut one's eyes to, refuse to hear, turn a deaf ear to; leave out of one's calculation; not -attend to &c. 457, - mind; not trouble -oneself, - one's head- -with, - about; forget &c. 506; be caught napping &c. (not expect) 508; leave a loose thread; let the grass grow under one's feet. render -neglectful &c. adj.; put -, throw- off one's guard". Adj. neglecting &c. v.; unmindful, negligent, neglectful; heedless, careless, thoughtless; perfunctory, remiss. inconsiderate; un-, in-circumspect; off one's guard; un-wary, -watchful, -guarded; offhand. supine &c. (inactive) 683; inattentive &c. 458; insouciant &c. {indifferent) 823; imprudent, reckless &c. 863; slovenly &c. (disorderly) 59, (dirty) 653; inexact &c. (erroneous) 495; improvident &c. v.; un-heeded, -cared -seen, -observed, -no- marked, -attended to, -regarded, -remarked, 674 neglected &c for, -perceived, ticed, -noted, -thought of, -missed; shunted, shelved. un-examined, -studied, -searched, -scanned, -weighed, -sifted, -explored. abandoned; buried in a napkin, hid under a bushel. Adv. negligently &c. adj.; hand over head, anyhow; in an unguarded moment &c. (unexpectedly) 508; per incuriam. Int. never mind, no matter, let it pass. 461. Inquiry. [Subject of Inquiry. Question.] — N. inquiry; request &c. 765; search, research, quest; pursuit &c. 622. 462. Answer. — N. answer, response, reply, replication, riposte, rejoinder, surrejoinder, rebutter, surrebutter, re- tort, repartee; rescript, -ion; antiphon, 131 461 — 462 INTELLECT IV. (I) ii -y; acknowledgment; password; echo; counter statement. discovery &c. 480a; solution &c. (ex- planation) 522; rationale &c. (cause) 153; clue &c. (indication) 550. CEdipus; oracle &c. 513; return &c. (record) 551. V. answer, respond, reply, rebut, re- tort, rejoin; give -, return for- answer; acknowledge, echo. explain &c. (interpret) 522; solve &c. (unriddle) 522; discover &c. 480a; fathom, hunt out &c. (inquire) 461 ; satisfy, set at rest, determine. Adj. answering &c. v.) respon-sive, -dent; conclusive. Adv. because &c. (cause) 153; on the -scent, - right scent. Int. eureka! examination, review, scrutiny, inves- tigation, indagation f; per-quisition, -scrutation, -vestigation f ; inqu-est, -isition; exploration; exploitation, venti- lation. sifting; calculation, analysis, dissec- tion, resolution, induction; Baconian method. strict -, close -, searching-, exhaust- ive- inquiry; narrow -, strict- search; study &c. (consideration) 451. scire facias, ad referendum; trial. questioning &c. v.; interroga-tion, -tory; interpellation; challenge, exami- nation, cross-examination, catechism; feeler, Socratic method, zetetic philos- ophy; leading question; discussion &c. (reasoning) 476. reconnoitering, reconnaissance ; pry- ing &c. v.; espionage, espionnage; domi- ciliary visit, peep behind the curtain; lantern of Diogenes. question, query, problem, desideratum, point to be solved, porism; sub- ject -, field- of -inquiry, - controversy; point -, matter- in dispute; moot point; issue, question at issue; bone of contention &c. (discord) 713; plain -, fair -, open- question; enigma &c. (secret) 533; knotty point &c. (difficulty) 704; quodlibet; threshold of an inquiry. inquirer, investigator, inquisitor, inspector, querist, examiner, catechist; scrut-ator, -ineer, -inizer; analyst; quidnunc &c. (curiosity) 455. V. make -inquiry &c. n. ; inquire, seek, search; look -for, - about for, - out for; scan, reconnoiter, explore, sound, rummage, ransack, pry, peer, look round; look-, go- -over, - through; spy, overhaul. scratch the head, slap the forehead. look -, peer -, pry- into every hole and corner; nose; trace up; hunt -, fish -, ferret- out; unearth; leave no stone unturned. seek a -clue, - clew; hunt, track, trail, mouse, dodge, trace; follow the -trail, - scent; pursue &c. 662; beat up one's quarters; fish for; feel for &c. (experi- ment) 463. investigate; take up -, institute -, pursue -, follow up -, conduct -, carry on -, prosecute- -an inquiry &c. n. ; look -at, - into ; preexamine ; discuss, can- vass, agitate. examine, study, consider, calculate; dip-, dive -, delve -, go deep- into; make sure of, probe, sound, fathom; probe to the -bottom, - quick; scrutinize, analyze, anatomize, dissect, parse, resolve, sift, winnow; view -, try- in all its phases; thresh out. bring in question, subject to examination; put to the proof &c. (experiment) 463; audit, tax, pass in review; take into consideration &c. (think over) 451; take counsel &c. 695. ask, question, demand ; put -, pop -, propose -, propound -, moot -, start -, raise -, stir -, suggest -, put forth -, ventilate -, grapple with -, go into- a question. put to the question, interrogate, catechize, pump; cross-question, -exam- ine; dodge; require an answer; pick -, suck- the brains of; feel the pulse. be -in question &c. adj. ; undergo examination. Adj. inquiry &c. v.) inquisitive &c. (curious) 455; requisit-ive f, -ory; catechetical, inquisitorial, analytic; in -search, - quest- of; on the lookout for, interrogative, zetetic; all-searching. un-determined, -tried, -decided; in -question, - dispute, - issue, - course 132 IV. (I) ii OPERATIONS, ETC., OF INTELLECT 461 — 465a of inquiry; under -discussion, - consideration, - investigation &c. n.; sub judice, moot, proposed; doubtful &c. (uncertain) 475. Adv. what? why? wherefore? whence? whither? where? qucere? how -comes, - happens, - is- it? what is the reason? what's -the matter, - in the wind? what on earth? when? who? nicht wahr? 463. Experiment. — N. experiment; essay &c. (attempt) 675; analysis &c. (investigation) 461; trial, tentative method, tdtonnement. verification, probation, experimentum cruris, proof, criterion, diagnostic, test, crucial test. crucible, reagent, check, touchstone, pix; assay, ordeal; ring; curcuma -, tur- meric- paper. empiricism, rule of thumb. feeler; pilot -, messenger- balloon; pilot engine; scout; straw to show the wind. speculation, random shot, leap in the dark. analy-zer, -st; adventurer; experiment-er, -ist, -alist. V. experiment; essay &c. (endeavor) 675; try, assay; make -an experiment, - trial of; give a trial to; put upon -, subject to- trial; experiment upon ; rehearse; put -, bring -, submit- to the -test, - proof; prove, verify, test, touch, practice upon, try one's strength. grope; feel -, grope- -for, - one's way; fumble, tdtonner, alter a tdtons; put -, throw- out a feeler; send up a pilot balloon ; see how the -land lies, - wind blows ; consult the barometer; feel the pulse; fish -, bob- for; cast -, beat- about for; angle, trawl, cast one's net, beat the bushes. try one's fortune &c. (adventure) 675; explore &c. (inquire) 461. Adj. experimental; probat-ive, -ory, -ionary; analytic, docimastic; tentative; empirical. under probation, on one's trial. 464. Comparison. — N. comparison, collation, contrast; identification; comparative -, relative- estimate. sim-ile, -ilitude; allegory &c. (metaphor) 521. V. compare -to, - with; collate, confront; place side by side &c. (near) 197; set -, pit- against one another; contrast, balance, identify, draw a parallel, parallel. compare notes; institute a comparison; parva componere magnis. Adj. comparative; metaphorical &c. 521. compared with &c. v.; comparable; judged by comparison. Adv. relatively &c. (relation) 9; as compared with &c. v. Phr. comparisons are odious; " comparisons are odorous " [Much Ado]. 465. Discrimination. — N. discrim- ination, distinction, differentiation, diag- nosis, diorism; nice perception; per- ception -, appreciation- of difference; estimation &c. 466; nicety, refinement; taste &c. 850; critique, judgment; tact; discernment &c. (intelligence) 498; acute- ness, penetration; nuances. dope *, past performances. V. discriminate, distinguish, several- ize; separate; draw the line, sift; sepa- rate -, winnow- the chaff from the wheat; split hairs. estimate &c. (measure) 466; know -which is which, - what is what, - " a hawk from a handsaw " [Hamlet]. take into -account, - consideration; give -, allow- due weight to; weigh carefully. 133 465a. Indiscrimination. — N. in- discrimination; indistinct-ness, -ion; un- certainty &c. (doubt) 475. V. not -discriminate &c. 465; over- look &c. (neglect) 460- a distinction; con-found, -fuse. Adj. indiscriminate ;undistinguish-ed, -able; unmeasured; promiscuous, undis- criminating. Phr. mlrat quantum valt re potest. 465 — 468 INTELLECT IV. (I) ii Adj. discriminating &c. v.) dioristic, discriminative, distinctive; nice. Phr. il y a fagots et fagots; rem acu tetigisti; la critique est aisee et I'art est difficile. 466. Measurement. — N. measurement, admeasurement, mensuration, survey, valuation, appraisement, assessment, assize; estim-ate, -ation; dead reckoning; reckoning &c. {numeration) 85; gauging &c. v.; horse power. metrology, weights and measures, compound arithmetic. measure, yard measure, standard, rule, foot rule, compass, calipers; gage, gauge; meter, line, rod, check; dividers; velo. flood -, high water- mark; index &c. 550. scale; gradu-ation, -ated scale; nonius; vernier &c. {minuteness) 193; batho-, galvano-, helio-, interfero-, odo-, ombro-, panto-, pluvio-, pneumato-, pneu- mo-, radio-, refracto-, respiro-, rheo-, spiro-, tele-, udo-, vacuo-, vario-, via-, thermo(/?ea£ &c. 382)-, baro(air &c. 338)-, &nemo{wind 349)-, dynamo-, gonio {angle 244) -meter; landmark &c. {limit) 233; balance &c. {weight) 319; mari-, pneumato-, stetho-graph ; rain gauge, rain gage. coordinates, ordinate and abscissa, polar coordinates, latitude and longitude, declination and right ascension, altitude and azimuth. geo-, stereo-, hypso-metry; metage; surveying, land surveying; geo-desy, -detics, -desia; ortho-, alti-metry; cadastre. astrolabe, armillary sphere. land surveyor; geometer. V. measure, mete; value, assess, rate, appraise, estimate, form an estimate, set a value on ; appreciate ; standardize. span, pace, step; apply the -compass &c. n. ; gauge, plumb, probe, sound, fathom; heave the -log, - lead; survey. take an average &c. 29; graduate. Adj. measuring &c. v.; metric, -al; measurable; geodetical. Section III. Materials for Reasoning 467. Evidence [On one side.] — N. evidence; facts, premises, data, prcecog- nita, grounds. indication &c. 550; criterion &c. {test) 463. testi-mony,-fication; attestation; dep- osition &c. {affirmation) 535; examina- tion. admission &c. {assent) 488; authority, warrant, credential, diploma, voucher, certificate, doquet, docket; testamur; record &c. 551; document; 'piece justi- ficative; deed, warranty &c. {security) 111; signature, seal &c. {identification) 550; exhibit. witness, indicator; eye-, ear-witness; deponent; sponsor; cojuror. oral -, documentary -, hearsay -, ex- ternal -, extrinsic -, internal — , intrinsic -, circumstantial -, cumulative -, ex parte -, presumptive -, collateral -, con- structive- evidence; proof &c. {demon- stration) 478; evidence in chief. secondary evidence; confirmation, cor- roboration, support; ratification &c. {as- 134 468. [Evidence on the other side, on the other hand.] Counter Evidence. — N. counter evidence; evidence on the other -side, - hand; disproof; refutation &c. 479; negation &c. 536; conflicting evidence. plea &c. 617; vindication &c. 937; counter protest; tu quoque argument; other side -, reverse- of the shield. V. countervail, oppose; rebut &c. {re- fute) 479; subvert &c. {destroy) 162; check, weaken; contravene; contradict &c. {deny) 536; tell another story, turn the scale, alter the case; turn the tables; cut both ways; prove a negative. audire alteram partem. Adj. countervailing &c. v.) contra- dictory. un-attested, -authenticated, -sup- ported by evidence; supposititious. Adv. per contra. 469. Qualification. — N. qualifica- tion, limitation, modification, coloring. allowance, grains of allowance, con- IV. (I) in MATERIALS FOR REASONING 467 — 471 sent) 488; authentication; compurgation, wager of law, comprobationf. citation, reference. V. be -evidence &c. n..; evince, show, betoken, tell of; indicate &c. (denote) 550; imply, involve, argue, bespeak, breathe. have -, carry- weight ; tell, speak vol- umes; speak for itself &c. (manifest) 525. rest -, depend- upon; repose on. bear -witness &c. n.; give -evidence &c. n. ; testify, depose, witness, vouch for; sign, seal, undersign, set one's hand and seal, sign and seal, deliver as one's act and deed, certify, attest; acknowl- edge &c. (assent) 488. make absolute, confirm, ratify, cor- roborate, indorse, countersign, support, bear out, uphold, warrant. adduce, attest, cite, quote; refer -, appeal- to; call, - to witness; bring -forward, - into court; allege, plead; produce -, confront- witnesses; collect -, bring together -, rake up- evidence. have -, make out- a case; establish, authenticate, substantiate, verify, make good, quote chapter and verse; bring -home to, - to book. Adj. showing &c. v.; indica-tive, -tory; deducible &c. 478; grounded -, founded -, based- on; corroborative, confirmatory. Adv. by inference; according to, witness, a fortiori; still -more, - less; raison de plus; in corroboration &c. n. of; valeat quantum; under -seal, - one's hand and seal. Phr. dictum de dicto. Degrees of Evidence sideration, extenuating circumstances; mitigation. condition, proviso, exception; exemp- tion; salvo, saving clause; discount &c. 813; restriction. V. qualify, limit, modify, leaven, give a color to, introduce new conditions, narrow, temper. allow -, make allowance- for; admit exceptions, take into account; modu- late. take exception. Adj. qualifying &c. v.; conditional; exceptional &c. (unconformable) 83. hypothetical &c. (supposed) 514; con- tingent &c. (uncertain) 475. Adv. provided, - always; if, unless, but, yet; according as; conditionally, admitting, supposing; on the supposi- tion of &c. (theoretically) 514; with the understanding, even, although, though, for all that, after all, at all events. with grains of allowance, cum grano sails; exceptis excipiendis; wind and weather permitting; if possible &c. 470. subject to; with this -proviso &c. n. 470. Possibility. — N. possibility, potentiality; what -may be, - is pos- sible &c. adj.; compatibility &c. (agree- ment) 23. practicability, feasibility; practicable- ness &c. adj. contingency, chance &c. 156. V. be -possible &c. adj.; stand a chance; admit of, bear. render -possible &c. adj.; put in the way of. Adj. possible; on the -cards, - dice; in posse, within the bounds of possibil- ity, conceivable, credible; compatible &c. 23; likely. practicable, feasible, performable, achievable; within -reach, - measurable distance; accessible, superable, sur- mountable; at-, ob-tainable; contin- gent &c. (doubtful) 475. 471. Impossibility. — N. impossi- bility &c. adj. ; what -cannot, - can never- be; sour grapes; hopelessness &c. 859. V. be -impossible &c. adj.; have no chance whatever. attempt impossibilities; square the circle, wash a blackamoor white; skin ;i flint; make -a silk purse out of a sow's ear, - bricks without straw; have noth- ing to go upon; weave a rope of sand, build castles in the air, prendre In lune avec les dents, extract sunbeams from cu- cumbers, set the Thames on fire, milk ;i he-goat into a sieve, catch a weasel asleep, rompre Vanguille au genou, be in two places at once. Adj. impossible; not -possible &c. 470; absurd, contrary to reason; un- likely; unreasonable &c. 477; incredible 135 470 — 475 INTELLECT IV. (I) in Adv. possibly, by possibility; per- haps, -chance, -adventure; may be, haply, mayhap. if possible, wind and weather permit- ting, God willing, Deo volente, D. V.; as luck may have it. Phr. misericordia Domini inter pontem el fonlem; " the glories of the Possible are ours " [B. Taylor]. &c. 485; beyond the bounds of -reason, - possibility; from which reason recoils; visionary; inconceivable &c. (improb- able) 473; prodigious &c. (wonderful) 870; un-, in-imaginable; unthinkable. impracticable, unachievable; un-, in- feasible; insuperable; un-, in-surmount- able; unat-,unob-tainable; out of -reach, - the question ; not to be -had, - thought of; beyond control; desperate &c. (hope- less) 859; incompatible &c. 24; inaccessible, uncomeatable, impassable, im- pervious, innavigable, inextricable; self-contradictory. out of -, beyond- one's -power, - depth, - reach, - grasp; too much for; ultra crepidam. Phr. the grapes are sour; non possumus; non nostrum tantas componere lites [Vergil]; chercher une aiguille dans une botte de foin; il ale mer a boire. 472. Probability. — N. probability, likelihood; credibleness; likeliness . &c. adj. vraisemblance, verisimilitude, plausi- bility; color, semblance, show of; pre- sumption; presumptive -, circumstan- tial- evidence; credibility. reasonable -, fair -, good -, favorable- -chance, - prospect; prospect, well- grounded hope; chance &c. 156. V. be -probable &c. adj. ; give -, lend- color to; point to; imply &c. (evidence) 467; bid fair &c. (promise) 511; stand fair for; stand -, run- a good chance. think likely, dare say, flatter one- self; expect &c. 507; count upon &c. (believe) 484. Adj. probable, likely, hopeful, to be expected, in a fair way. plausible, specious, ostensible, colorable, ben trovato, well-founded, reason- able, credible, easy of belief, presumable, presumptive, apparent. Adv. probably &c. adj.; belike; in all -probability, - likelihood; very -, most- likely; like enough; ten &c. to one; apparently, seemingly, according to every reasonable expectation; prima facie; to all appearance &c. (to the eye) 448. Phr. the -chances, - odds- are; appearances -, chances- are in favor of; there is reason to -believe, - think, - expect; I dare say; all Lombard Street to a China orange. 473. Improbability. — N. improb- ability, unlikelihood; unfavorable -, bad -, ghost of a -, little -, small -, poor -, scarcely any -, no- chance ; bare possibility; long odds; incredibility &c. 485. V. be -improbable &c. adj.; have a -small chance &c. n. Adj. improbable, unlikely, contrary to all reasonable expectation. rare &c. (infrequent) 137; unheard of, inconceivable; un-, in-imaginable; in- credible &c. 485; more than doubtful. Phr. the chances are against; aquila non capit muscas; pedir per as at olmo. 474. Certainty. — N. certainty; ne- cessity &c. 601; certitude, surety, as- surance; dead -, moral- certainty; in- fallibleness &c. adj.; infallibility, relia- bility; indubitableness, inevitableness, unquestionableness. gospel, scripture, church, pope, court of final appeal; res judicata, ultimatum. positiveness ; dogmat-ism, -ist, -izer; doctrinaire, bigot, opinionist, Sir Oracle ; ipse dixit. fact; positive -, matter of- fact; fait accompli. 136 475. Uncertainty. — N. uncertainty, incertitude, doubt; doubtfulness &c. adj.; dubi-ety, -tation, -tancyf, -ous- ness. hesitation, suspense; perplexity, em- barrassment, dilemma, bewilderment; timidity &c. (fear) 860; vacillation &c. 605; diaporesis, indetermination. vagueness &c. adj. ; haze, fog; ob- scurity &c. (darkness) 421; ambiguity &c. (double meaning) 520; contingency, double contingency, possibility upon a possibility; open question &c. (question) IV. (I) in MATERIALS FOR REASONING 474 — 475 V. be -certain &c. adj.; stand to rea- son. render -certain &c. adj. ; in-, en-, as- sure; clinch, make sure; determine, decide, set at rest, " make assurance double sure " [Macbeth]; know &c. (be- lieve) 484. dogmatize, lay down the law. Adj. certain, sure; assured &c. v.; solid, well-founded. unqualified, absolute, positive, deter- minate, definite, clear, unequivocal, cate- gorical, unmistakable, decisive, decided, ascertained. inevitable, unavoidable, avoidless; in- eluctable. unerring, infallible; unchangeable &c. 150; to be depended on, trustworthy, reliable, bound. un-impeachable, -deniable, -question- able; in-disputable, -contestable, -con- trovertible, -dubitable; irrefutable &c. (proven) 478; conclusive, without power of appeal. indubious; without -, beyond a -, without a shade or shadow of — doubt, - question; past dispute; clear as day; beyond all -question, - dispute; un- doubted, -contested, -questioned, -dis- puted; question-, doubt-less. authoritative, authentic, official, sure as -fate, - death and taxes, - a gun. evident, self-evident, axiomatic; clear, - as day, — as the sun at noonday. Adv. certainly &c. adj.; for certain, certes, sure, no doubt, doubtless, and no mistake, flagrante delicto, sure enough, to be sure, of course, as a matter of course, a coup sur, to a certainty; in truth &c. (truly) 494; at -any rate, - all events; without fail; coute -que coute, - qu'il coute; whatever may happen, if the worst come to the worst ; come -, hap- pen- what -may, - will; sink or swim; rain or shine. Phr. cela va sans dire; there is -no question, - not a shadow of doubt; the die is cast &c. (necessity) 601; "facts are stubborn things" [Smollett]. 461; onus proband)'; blind bargain, pig in a poke, leap in the dark, something or other; needle in a bottle of hay; rov- ing commission. precariousness &c. adj.; fallibility. V. be -uncertain &c. adj.; wonder whether. lose the -clue, - clew, - scent; miss one's way. not know -what to make of &c. (unin- telligibilitij) 519, - which way to turn, - whether one stands on one's head or one's heels; float in a sea of doubt, hesi- tate, flounder; lose -oneself, -- one's head; muddle one's brains. render -uncertain &c. adj.; put out, pose, puzzle, perplex, embarrass; con- fuse, -found; bewilder, bother, moider, addle the wits, throw off the scent, am- biguas in vulgus spargere voces; keep in suspense. doubt &c. (disbelieve) 485; hang -, tremble- in the balance; depend. Adj. uncertain; casual; random &c. (aimless) 621; changeable &c. 149. doubtful, dubious; indecisive; un- settled, -decided, -determined; in sus- pense, open to discussion; controverti- ble; in question &c. (inquiry) 461. vague; in-determinate, -definite; am- biguous, equivocal; undefin-cd, -able; confused &c. (indistinct) 447; mystic, oracular; dazed. perplexing &c. v.; enigmatic, para- doxical, apocryphal, problematical, hy- pothetical; experimental &c. 463. fallible, questionable, precarious, slip- pery, ticklish, debatable, disputable; un-reliable, -trustworthy. contingent, - on, dependent on; sub- ject to; dependent on circumstaini is; occasional; provisional. unauth-entic, -enticated, -oritative; un-ascertained, -confirmed; undemon- strated; un-told, -counted. in a -state of uncertainty, - cloud, - maze; bushed, off the track; ignorant Arc 491 ; afraid to say; out of one's reckoning, astray, adrift; at -sea, -fault, -a loss, - one's wit's end, - a nonplus; puzzled &c. v.; lost, abroad, di'xm dis- tracted, -fraught. Adv. pendente lite; sub spe rati. Phr. Heaven knows; who can tell? who shall decide when doctors disagree? ambiguas in vulgum spargere voces. 137 476 — 477 INTELLECT IV. (I) iv Section IV. Reasoning Processes 476. Reasoning. — N. reasoning; ra- tio-cination, -nalism; dialectics, induc- tion, generalization. discussion, comment; ventilation; in- quiry &c. 4G1. argumentation, controversy, debate; polemics, wrangling; contention &c. 720; logomachy; dis-putation, -ceptation; paper war. art of reasoning, logic. process -, train -, chain- of reasoning; de-, in-duction; synthesis, analysis. argument; case, plaidoyer, opening; lemma, proposition, terms, premises, postulate, data, starting point, principle ; inference &c. {judgment) 480. pro-, syllogism; enthymeme, sorites, dilemma, perilepsis, a priori reasoning, reductio ad absurdum, horns of a dilemma, argumentum ad hominem, comprehensive argument; empirema, epagoge. reasoner, logician, dialectician; dispu- tant; controver-sialist, -tist; wrangler, arguer, debater, polemic, casuist, ration- alist; scientist; eristic. logical sequence ; good case ; correct -, just -, sound -, valid -, cogent -, logical -, forcible -, persuasive -, persuasory -, consectary f -, conclusive &c. 478 -, subtle- reasoning; force of argument; strong -point, - argument. arguments, reasons, pros and cons. V. reason, argue, discuss, debate, dis- pute, wrangle; argufy, bandy -words, - arguments; chop logic; hold -, carry on- an argument; controvert &c. (deny) 536; canvass; comment -, moralize- upon; spiritualize; consider &c. (examine) 461. open a -discussion, - case; try conclu- sions; join -, be at- issue; moot; come to the point; stir -, agitate -, ventilate -, torture- a question; take up a -side, - case. contend, take one's stand upon, insist, lay stress on; infer &c. 480. follow from &c. (demonstration) 478. Adj. reasoning &c. v.) rationalistic; argumentative, controversial, dialectic, polemical; discurs-ory, -ive; disputa- tious; Aristotelian, eristic, -al. debatable, controvertible. logical; relevant &c. 23. Adv. for, because, hence, whence, see- ing that, since, sith, then, thence, so; for -that, - this, - which- reason; for-, 138 477. [The absence of reasoning.] In- tuition. [False or vicious reasoning; show of reason.] Sophistry. — N. in- tuition, instinct, association; presenti- ment; rule of thumb. sophistry, paralogy, perversion, cas- uistry, Jesuitry, equivocation, evasion; chicane, -ry; quiddet, quiddity; mystifi- cation; special pleading; speciousness &c. adj.; nonsense &c. 497; word-, tongue-fence. false -, vicious- reasoning; petitio principii, ignoratio elenchi; post hoc ergo propter hoc; non sequitur, ignotum per ignotius. misjudgment &c. 481; false teaching &c. 538. sophism, solecism, paralogism; quib- ble, quirk, elenchus, elench, fallacy, quod- libet, subterfuge, subtlety, quillet; in- consistency, antilogy; " a delusion, a mockery, and a snare " [Denman]; clap- trap, mere words; " lame and impotent conclusion" [Othello]. meshes -, cobwebs- of sophistry ; flaw in an argument ; weak point, bad case. overrefinement ; hairsplitting &c. v. V. judge -intuitively, - by intuition; hazard a proposition, talk at random. reason -ill, falsely &c. adj.; misjudge &c. 481; paralogize. pervert, quibble; equivocate, mystify, evade, elude; gloss over, varnish; mis- teach &c. 538; mislead &c. (error) 495; cavil, refine, subtilize, split hairs; mis- represent &c. (lie) 544. beg the question, reason in a circle, cut blocks with a razor, beat about the bush, play fast and loose, blow hot and cold, prove that black is white and white black, travel out of the record, parler a tort eta travers, put oneself out of court, not have a leg to stand on. Adj. intuitive, instinctive, impulsive; independent of -, anterior to- reason; gratuitous, hazarded; unconnected. unreasonable, illogical, false, unsound, invalid; unwarranted, not following; in- consequent, -ial; inconsistent; abson- ous f, -ant; unscientific; untenable, in- conclusive, incorrect; fall-acious, -ible; groundless, unproved. deceptive, sophistical, Jesuitical; illus- ive, -ory; specious, hollow, plausible, ad captandum, evasive; irrelevant &c. 10. IV. (I) v RESULTS OF REASONING 476 — 481 inasmuch as; whereas, ex concesso, con- sidering, in consideration of; there-, where-fore; consequently, ergo, thus, accordingly; a fortiori. in -conclusion, - fine; finally, after all, au bout du compte, on the whole, taking one thing with another. Phr. ab actu ad posse valet consecutio; per troppo dibatter la verita si perde; troppo dis- putare la verita fa errare. 478. Demonstration. — N. demon- stration, proof; conclusiveness &c. adj.; apodeixis, apodixis, probation, compro- bation f- logic of facts &c. (evidence) 467; ex- perimentum cruris &c. (test) 463; argu- ment &c. 476; rigorous -, absolute- es- tablishment. V. demonstrate, prove, establish, make good; show, evince &c. (be evi- dence of) 467; verify &c. 467; settle the question, reduce to demonstration, set the question at rest. make out, - a case; prove one's point, have the best of the argument; draw a conclusion &c. (judge) 480. follow, - of course; stand to reason; hold -good, - water. Adj. demonstra-ting &c. v., -tive, -ble; probative, unanswerable, conclu- sive; apodeictic, -al; irre-sistible, -futa- ble, -fragable. categorical, decisive, crucial. demonstrated &c. v.; proven; un-con- futed, -answered, -refuted; evident &c. 474. deducible, consequential, consectary, inferential, following. Adv. of course, in consequence, consequently, as a matter of course. Phr. probatum est; there is nothing more to be said, Q.E.D., it must follow; exitus acta probat. Section V. Results of Reasoning weak, feeble, poor, flimsy, loose, vague, irrational; nonsensical &c. (absurd) 497; foolish &c. (imbecile) 499; frivolous, pet- tifogging, quibbling; finespun, overre- fined. at the end of one's tether, au bout de son latin. Adv. intuitively &c. adj.; by intui- tion; illogically &c. adj. Phr. non constat; that goes for nothing. 479. Confutation. — N. con-, re- futation; answer, complete answer; dis- proof, conviction, redargution, invalida- tion; expos-ure, -ition; clincher; retort; reductio ad absurdum; knock down -, tu quoque- argument; sockdolager* [U. S.]. V. con-, re-fute; parry, negative, dis- prove, redargue, expose, show the fallacy of, rebut, defeat; demolish &c. (destroy) 162; over-throw, -turn; scatter to the winds, explode, invalidate; silence; put -, reduce- to silence; clinch -an argu- ment, - a question; give one a setdown, stop the mouth, shut up; have, - on the hip. not leave a leg to stand on, cut the ground from under one's feet. be confuted &c; fail; expose -, show- one's weak point. Adj. confut-ing, -ed, &c. v.; capable of refutation; re-, con-futable. condemned -on one's own showing, - out of one's own mouth. Phr. the argument falls to the ground, cad it quo3slio, it does not hold water, " suo sibi gladio hunc jugulo" [Terence]. 480. Judgment. [Conclusion.] — N. result, conclusion, upshot; deduction, inference, ergotismf, illation; corollary, porism; moral. estimation, valuation, appreciation, judication; di-, ad-judication; arbitr- ament, -ement, -ation; assessment, pon- deration; valorization. award, estimate; review, criticism, critique, notice, report. decision, determination, judgment, finding, verdict, sentence, decree; res judicata. 481. Misjudgment. — N. misjudg- ment, obliquity of judgment; mis-calcu- lation, -computation, -conception &c. (error) 495; hasty conclusion. prejud-gment, -ication, -ice; foregone conclusion; pre-notion, -vention, -con- ception, -dilection, -possession, -appre- hension, -sumption, -sentiment; fixed -, preconceived- idea; idee fixe; mentis gratissimus error; fool's paradise. esprit de corps, party spirit, partisan- ship, clannishness, prestige bias, warp, twist; hobby, fad, quirk, 139 480 — 480a INTELLECT IV. (I) v plebiscite, voice, casting vote; vote Arc. (choice) 609; opinion &c. (belief) 484; good judgment &c. (wisdom) 498. judge, umpire; arbi-ter, -trator; as- sessor, referee; censor, reviewer, critic; connoisseur; commentator &c. 524; in- spector, inspecting officer. V. judge, conclude; come to -, draw -, arrive at- a conclusion; ascertain, determine, make up one's mind. deduce, derive, gather, collect, draw an inference, make a deduction, weetf, ween. form an estimate, estimate, appreciate, value, count, assess, rate, rank, account; regard, consider, think of; look upon &c. (believe) 484; review; size up *. settle; pass -, give- an opinion; de- cide, try, pronounce, rule; pass -judg- ment, - sentence; sentence, doom; find; give -, deliver- judgment; adjud-ge, -icate; arbitrate, award, report; bring in a verdict; make absolute, set a ques- tion at rest; confirm &c. (assent) 488. comment, criticize ; pass under review &c. (examine) 457; investigate &c. (in- quire) 461. hold the scales, sit in judgment; try -, hear- a cause. Adj. judging &c. v.) judicious &c. (wise) 498; determinate, conclusive. Adv. on the whole, all things con- sidered. Phr. " a Daniel come to judgment " [Mer- chant of Venice]; " and stand a critic, hated yet caress'd " [Byron]; " it is much easier to be crit- ical than to be correct " [Disraeli]; la critique est aisee et I' art est difficile; " nothing if not crit- ical " [Othello]; "O most lame and impotent conclusion " [Othello]. misjudged &c. v. Adv. ex parte. Phr. nothing like leather; the wish the father to the thought. crotchet, partiality, infatuation, blind side, mote in the eye. one-sided -, partial -, narrow -, con- fined -, superficial- -views, - ideas, - conceptions, - notions; narrow mind; bigotry &c. (obstinacy) 606; odium the- ologicum; pedantry; hypercriticism. doctrinaire &c. (positive) 474. V. mis-judge, -estimate, -think, -con- jecture, -conceive &c. (error) 495; fly in the face of facts; mis-calculate, -reck- on, -compute. overestimate &c. 482; underestimate &c. 483. pre-, fore-judge; pre-suppose, -sume, -judicate; dogmatize; have a -bias &c. n. ; have only one idea; jurare in verba magistri, run away with the notion; jump -, rush- to a conclusion; look only at one side of the shield; view -with jaundiced eye, - through distorting spec- tacles; not see beyond one's nose; dare pondus fumo; get the wrong sow by the ear &c. (blunder) 699. give a -bias, - twist ; bias, warp, twist ; pre-judice, -possess. Adj. misjudging &c. v.; ill-judging, wrong-headed; prejudiced &c. v.; jaun- diced; shortsighted, purblind; partial, one-sided, superficial. narrow-minded, -souled; mean-spir- ited; confined, illiberal, intolerant, be- sotted, infatuated, fanatical, entete, posi- tive, dogmatic, conceited; opin-, opini- ative; opinion-ed, -ate, -ative, -ated; self-opinioned, wedded to an opinion, opinidtre; bigoted &c. (obstinate) 606; crotchety, fussy, impracticable; unrea- son-able, stupid &c. 499; credulous &c. 486; warped. 480a. [Result of search or inquiry.] Discovery. — N. discovery, detection, disenchantment; ascertainment, disclosure, find, revelation. trover &c. 775. V. discover, find, determine, evolve; fix upon; find -, trace -, make -, hunt -, fish -, worm -, ferret -, root- out; fathom; bring -, draw- out; educe, elicit, bring to light; dig -, grub -, fish- up; unearth, disinter. solve, resolve; un-riddle, -ravel, -lock; pick -, open- the lock; find a -clue, - clew- to; interpret &c. 522; disclose &c. 529. trace, get at; hit it, have it; lay one's -finger, - hands- upon; spot; get -, arrive- at the -truth &c. 494; put the saddle on the right horse, hit the right nail on the head. be near the truth, burn ; smoke, scent, sniff, smell a rat. 140 IV. (I) v RESULTS OF REASONING 480a — 485 open the eyes to; see -through, - daylight, - in its true colors, - the cloven foot; detect; catch, - tripping. pitch -, fall -, light -, hit -, stumble -, pop- upon; come across; meet -, fall in- with. recognize, realize, verify, make certain of, identify. Int. eureka! 482. Overestimation. — N. overes- timation &c. v.; exaggeration &c. 549; vanity &c. 880; optim-, pessim-ism, -ist. much -cry and little wool, - ado about nothing; storm in a teacup; fine talking. V. over-estimate, -rate, -value, -prize, -weigh, -reckon, -strain, -praise; eulo- gize; estimate too highly, attach too much importance to, make mountains of molehills, catch at straws; strain, magnify; exaggerate &c. 549; set too high a value upon; think -, make- -much, - too much- of; outreckon; panegyrize. extol, - to the skies; make the -most, - best, - worst- of; make two bites of a cherry. have too high an opinion of oneself &c. (vanity) 880. Adj. overestimated &c. v.; oversensitive &c. (sensibility) 822. Phr. all his geese are swans; parturiant montes. 483. Underestimation. — N. under- estimation; depreciation &c. (detraction) 934; pessim-ism, -ist; undervaluing &c. v.; modesty &c. 881. V. under-rate, -estimate, -value, -reckon; depreciate; disparage &c. (de- tract) 934; not do justice to; mis-, dis- prize; ridicule &c. 856; slight &c. (de- spise) 930; neglect &c. 460; slur over. make -light, - little, - nothing, - no account- of; belittle; minimize, think nothing of; set -no store by, - at naught; shake off as dewdrops from the lion's mane. Adj. depreciat-ing, -ed &c. valued, -prized. un- 484. Belief. — N. belief; credence; credit; assurance; faith, trust, troth, confidence, presumption, sanguine ex- pectation &c. (hope) 858; dependence on, reliance on. persuasion, conviction, convincement, plerophory, self-conviction ; certainty &c. 474; opinion, mind, view; conception, thinking; impression &c. (idea) 453; surmise &c. 514; conclusion &c. (judg- ment) 480. tenet, dogma, principle, way of think- ing; popular belief &c. (assent) 488. firm -, implicit -, settled -, fixed -, rooted -, deep-rooted -, staunch -, un- shaken -, steadfast -, inveterate -, calm -, sober -, dispassionate -, impartial -, well-founded- -belief,- opinion &c; uberrima fides. system of opinions, school, doctrine, articles, canons; article-, declaration -, profession- of faith; tenets, credenda, creed; thirty-nine articles &c. (ortho- doxy) 983a; catechism; assent &c. 488; propaganda &c. (teaching) 537. credibility &c. (probability) 472. V. believe, credit; give -faith, - credit, - credence- to; see, realize; assume, re- ceive; set down -, take- for; have -, take- it; consider, esteem, presume. 485. Unbelief. Doubt. — N. un-, dis-, mis-belief; discredit, miscreance; infidelity &c. (irreligion) 989; dissent &c. 489; change of -opinion &c. 484; retrac- tation &c. 607. doubt &c. (uncertainty) 475; skepti- cism, misgiving, demur; dis-, mis-trust; misdoubt, suspicion, jealousy, scruple, qualm; onus probandi. incredib-ility, -leness; incredulity ; un- believer &c. 487. V. dis-believe, -credit; not -believe &c. 484; misbelieve; refuse to admit &c. (dissent) 489; refuse to believe &c. (in- credulity) 487. doubt; be -doubtful &c. (uncertain) 475; doubt the truth of; be -skeptical :i- to &c. adj.; diffide f ; (lis-, mis-trust ; sus- pect, smoke, scent, smell a rat; have -, harbor -, entertain- -doubts, - suspi- cions; have one's doubts. demur, stick at, pause, hesitate, scru- ple; stop to consider, waver. hang in -suspense, - doubt. throw doubt upon, raise a question; bring -, call- in question; question, challenge; dispute; deny &c. 536; cavil; cause -, raise -, start -, sug- gest -, awake- a -doubt, - suspicion; ergotize. 141 484 — 487 INTELLECT IV. (I) v startle, stagger; shake -, stagger- one's -faith, - belief. Adj. unbelieving; incredulous -, skep- tical- as to; distrustful -, shy -, suspi- cious- of; doubting &c. v. doubtful &c. {uncertain) 475; dispu- table; unworthy -, undeserving- of -belief &c. 484; questionable; sus-pect, -picious; open to -suspicion, - doubt; staggering, hard to believe, incredible, not to be believed, inconceivable. fallible &c. {uncertain) 475; unde- monstrable; controvertible &c. {untrue) 495. Adv. cum grano salis; with grains of allowance. Phr. fronti nulla fides; nimium ne crede colori [Vergil]; " timeo Danaos et donajerentes " [Ver- gil]; credat J udams Apella [Horace]; let those be- lieve who may; ad tristem partem slrenua est sus- picio [Syrus]. esteem -, deem -, count -, depend -, calculate -, pin one's faith -, reckon -, lean -, build -, rely -, rest- upon; lay one's account for; make sure of. make oneself easy -about, - on that score; take on -trust, - credit; take for -granted, - gospel; allow -, attach- some weight to. know, - for certain ; have -, make- no doubt; doubt not; be -, rest — assured &c. adj.; persuade -, assure -, satisfy- oneself ; make up one's mind. give one credit for; confide -, believe -, put one's trust- in; place -, repose- implicit confidence in; take -one's word for, - at one's word; place reliance on, rely upon, swear by, regard to. think, hold; take, - it; opine, be of opinion, conceive, trow, ween, fancy, apprehend; have -, hold -, possess - entertain -, adopt -, imbibe -, embrace -, get hold of -, hazard -, foster -, nur- ture -, cherish- -a belief, - an opinion &c. n. view -, consider -, take -, hold -, conceive -, regard look upon -, account -, set down- as; surmise &c. 514. get- take- it into one's head; come round to an opinion; swallow &c. {cre- dulity) 486. cause to -be believed &c. v. ; satisfy, persuade, have the ear of, gain the con- fidence of, assure; con-vince, -vict, -vert; wean, bring round; bring -, win- over; indoctrinate &c. {teach) 537; cram down the throat; produce -, carry- conviction; bring -, drive- home to. go down, find credence, pass current; be -received &c. v., - current &c. adj.; possess -, take hold of -, take possession of- the mind. Adj. believing &c. v.; certain, sure, assured, positive, cocksure, satisfied, confident, unhesitating, convinced, secure. under the impression ; impressed -, imbued -, penetrated- with. confiding, suspectless f ; unsusp-ecting, -icious; void of suspicion; credulous &c. 486; wedded to. believed &c. v.; accredited, putative; unsuspected. worthy of -, deserving of -, commanding- belief; credible, reliable, trust- worthy, to be depended on; satisfactory; probable &c. 472; fiduci-al, -ary; persuasive, impressive. relating to belief, doctrinal. Adv. in the -opinion, - eyes- of; mejudice; me-seems, -thinks; to the best of one's belief; I -dare say, - doubt not, - have no doubt, - am sure; sure enough &c. {certainty) 474; depend -, rely- upon it; be -, rest- assured; I'll warrant you &c. {affirmation) 535. Phr. experto crede [Vergil]; fata viam invenient; Juslitice soror incorrupta Fides ; " live to explain thy doctrine by thy life " [Prior]; " stands not within the prospect of belief " beth]; tcrde quce credita Icedunt credimus [Ovid]; vide et crede. [Mac- 486. Credulity. — N. credul-ity, -ousness &c. adj.; gull-, cull-ibility t; gross credulity, infatuation; self-delu- sion, -deception; superstition; one's blind side; bigotry &c. {obstinacy) 606; 142 487. Incredulity. — N. incredul-ous- ness, -ity; skepticism, pyrrhonism; want of faith &c. {irreligion) 989. suspiciousness &c. adj.; scrupulosity; suspicion &c. {unbelief) 485. IV. (I) v RESULTS OF REASONING 486 — 489 hyperorthodoxy &c. 984; misjudgment &c. 481. credulous person &c. (dupe) 547. V. be -credulous &c. adj. ; jurare in verba magistri; follow implicitly; swal- low, gulp down; take on trust; take for -granted, - gospel; run away with -a notion, - an idea; jump -, rush- to a conclusion; think the moon is made of green cheese; take -, grasp- the shadow for the substance; catch at straws. impose upon &c. (deceive) 545. Adj. credulous, gullible; easily -deceived &c. 545; simple, green, soft, child- ish, silly, stupid; easily convinced; over-credulous, -confident, -trustful; in- fatuated, superstitious; confiding &c. (believing) 484. Phr. the wish the father to the thought; credo quia impossibile [Tertullian]; all is not gold that glitters; no es oro todo lo que reluce; omne ignotum pro magnifico. unbeliever, skeptic; misbeliever, 1 pyr- rhonist; heretic &c. (heterodox) 984. V. be -incredulous &c. adj. ; distrust &c. (disbelieve) 485; refuse to believe; shut one's -eyes, - ears- to; turn a deaf ear to; hold aloof; ignore, nullis jurare in verba magistri. Adj. incredulous, skeptical, unbe- lieving, inconvincible; hard -, shy- of belief; suspicious, scrupulous, distrustful, disposed to doubt, indisposed to believe. 488. Assent. — N. assent, -ment; ac- quiescence, admission; nod; ac-, con- cord, -cordance; agreement &c. 23; af- firm-ance, -ation; recognition, acknowl- edgment, avowal; confession, - of faith. unanimity, common consent, consen- sus, acclamation, chorus, vox populi; popular -, current- -belief, - opinion; public opinion; concurrence &c. (of causes) 178; cooperation &c. (voluntary) 709. ratification, confirmation, corrobora- tion, approval, acceptance, visa; indorse- ment &c. (record) 551. consent &c. (compliance) 762. V. assent ; give -, yield -, nod- assent ; acquiesce; agree &c. 23; receive, accept, accede, accord, concur, lend oneself to, consent, coincide, reciprocate, go with; be -at one with &c. adj.; go along -, chime in -, strike in -, close- with; echo, enter into one's views, agree in opinion; vote -, give one's voice- for; recognize; subscribe -, conform -, defer- to; say -yes, - ditto, - amen, - aye- to. acknowledge, own, admit, allow, avow, confess; concede &c. (yield) 762; come round to; abide by; permit &c. 760. arrive at-, come to -an understanding, - terms, - an agreement. con-, af-firm; ratify, approve, indorse, countersign; corroborate &c. 467. go -, swim- with the stream; be in the fashion, join in the chorus; be in every mouth. Adj. assenting &c. v.; of one -accord, 489. Dissent. — N. dissent; discord- ance &c. (disagreement) 24; difference -, diversity- of opinion. nonconformity &c. (heterodoxy) 984; protestantism, recusancy, schism; dis- affection; secession &c. 624; recantation &c. 607. dissension &c. (discord) 713; discon- tent &c. 832; caviling. protest; contradiction &c. (denial) 536; noncompliance &c. (rejection) 764. dissent-ient, -er; non-juror, -content, -conformist; sectary, separatist, recu- sant, schismatic, protestant, heretic. V. dissent, demur; call in question &c. (doubt) 485; differ in opinion, disagree; say -no &c. 536; refuse -assent, - to admit; cavil, protest, raise one's voice against, repudiate; contradict &c. (deny) 536. have no notion of, differ toto coelo; re- volt -at, - from the idea. shake the head, shrug the shoulders; look -askance, - askant. secede; recant &c. 607. Adj. dissenting &c. v.; negative &c. 536; diss-ident, -entient; unconsenting &c. (refusing) 764; non-content, -jur- ing; protestant, recusant; uncon-vinced, -verted. unavowed, unacknowledged; out of the question. discontented &c. 832; unwilling &c. 603; extorted. sectarian, denominational, schismatic; heterodox; intolerant. 1 The word miscreant, which originally meant simply misbeliever, has now quite another mean- ing (949). See Trench, On the Study of Words, p. 71. 143 488 — 491 INTELLECT IV. (I) v Adv. no &c. 536; at -variance, - issue- with; under protest. Int. God forbid! not for the world; I'll be hanged if; never tell me; your humble servant, pardon me. Phr. many men many minds; quot homines tot sentential [Terence]; tant s'en faut; il s'enfaut bien. - mind; of the same mind, at one with, agreed, acquiescent, content; willing &c. 602. un-contradicted, -challenged, -ques- tioned, -controverted. carried -, agreed- -nem. con. &c. adv. ; unanimous; agreed on all hands, carried by acclamation. affirmative &c. 535. Adv. yes, yea, ay, aye, true; good; well; very -well, - true; well and good; granted; even -, just- so; to be sure, " thou hast said "; truly, exactly, precisely, that's just it, indeed, certainly, certes, ex concesso; of course, unquestionably, assuredly, no doubt, doubt- less. be it so; so -be it, - let it be; amen; willingly &c. 602. affirmatively, in the affirmative. with one -consent, - voice, - accord; unanimously, una voce, by common consent, in chorus, to a man, nem. con.; nemine -contradicente, - dissentiente ; without a dissentient voice; as one man, one and all, on all hands. Phr. avec plaisir; chi tace accousente; " the public mind is the creation of the Master- Writers " [Disraeli]. 490. Knowledge. — N. knowledge; cogn-izance, -ition, -oscence f; acquaint- ance, experience, ken, privity, insight, familiarity; com-, ap-prehension; recog- nition; appreciation &c. (judgment) 480; intuition; consci-ence, -ousness; percep- tion, precognition; acroamatics. light, enlightenment; glimpse, ink- ling; glimmer, -ing; dawn; scent, sus- picion; impression &c. (idea) 453; dis- covery &c. 480a. system -, body- of knowledge; science, philosophy, pansophy; acroama; theory, aetiology; circle of the sciences; pandect, doctrine, body of doctrine; cy-, ency- clopedia; school &c. (system of opinions) 484. tree of knowledge; republic of letters &c. (language) 560. erudition, learning, lore, scholarship, reading, letters; literature; book mad- ness; book learning, bookishness; biblio- mania, -latry; information, general in- formation; store of -knowledge &c. ; edu- cation &c. (teaching) 537; culture, men- ticulture, attainments; acqui-rements, -sitions; accomplishments; proficiency; practical knowledge &c. (skill) 698; liberal education; dilettantism; rudi- ments &c. (beginning) 66. deep -, profound -, solid -, accurate -, acroatic -, acroamatic -, vast -, ex- tensive -, encyclopedical- -knowledge, - learning; omniscience, pantology. march of intellect; progress -, ad- 144 491. Ignorance. — N. ignorance, nes- cience, tabula rasa, crass ignorance, ig- norance crasse; unacquaintance; uncon- sciousness &c. adj.; dark-, blind-ness; incomprehension, inexperience, simplic- ity. unknown quantities, x, y, z. sealed book, terra incognita, virgin soil, unexplored ground; dark ages. [Imperfect knowledge] smattering, sciolism, glimmering; bewilderment &c. (uncertainty) 475; incapacity. [Affectation of knowledge] pedantry; charlatan-ry, -ism; Philister, Philistine. V. be -ignorant &c. adj.; not -know &c. 490; know -not, - not what, - noth- ing of; have no -idea, - notion, - con- ception; not have the remotest idea; not know chalk from cheese. ignore, be blind to; keep in ignorance &c. (conceal) 528. see through a glass darkly; have a -film over the eyes, - glimmering &c. n.; wonder whether; not know what to make of &c. (unintelligibility) 519; not pretend -, not take upon oneself- to say. Adj. ignorant; nescient; un-knowing, -aware, -acquainted, -apprized, -wit- ting, -weetingf, -conscious; wit-, weet f- less; a stranger to; unconversant. un-informed, -cultivated, -versed, -in- structed, -taught, -initiated, -tutored, -schooled, -guided, -enlightened; Philis- tine; behind the age. shallow, superficial, green, rude, emp- IV. (I) RESULTS OF REASONING 490 — 493 vance- of -science, - learning; school- master abroad. V. know, ken, scan, wot; wot -, be aware &c. adj.- of; ween, weetf, trow, have, possess. conceive; ap-, com-prchend ; take, realize, understand, savvy * [U. S.], ap- preciate; fathom, make out; recognize, discern, perceive, see, get a sight-of, ex- perience. know full well ; have -, possess- some knowledge of; be -au courant &c. adj.; have -in one's head, - at one's fingers' ends; know by -heart, - rote; be master of; connaitre le dessous des cartes, know what's what &c. 698. see one's way; discover &c. 480a. come to one's knowledge &c. {infor- mation) 527. Adj. knowing &c. v.; cognitive; ac- roamatic. aware -, cognizant -, conscious- of; acquainted - made acquainted- with ; privy -, no stranger- to; au -fait, - courant; in the secret; up -, alive- to; be- hind the -scenes, - curtain; let into; apprized -, informed- of; undeceived. proficient -, versed -, read -, forward -, strong -, at home- in; conversant -, familiar- with. erudite, instructed, learned, lettered, educated; well-conned, -informed, -read, -grounded, -educated; enlightened, shrewd, savant, blue, bookish, scholastic, solid, profound, deep-read, book-learned; accomplished &c. (skill- ful) 698; omniscient; self-taught. known &c. v.; ascertained, well-known, recognized, received, notorious, noted; proverbial; familiar, - as household words, - to every schoolboy; hackneyed, trite, commonplace. cogn-oscible, -izable. Adv. to -, to the best of- one's knowledge. Phr. one's eyes being opened &c. (disclosure) 529; comprendre tout c'est tout pardonner; empta dolore docet experientia ; yvCidi aeavrdv; " half our knowledge we must snatch not take " [Popej; Jahre lehren mehr als Biicher ; " knowledge comes but wisdom lingers " [Ten- nyson]; " knowledge is power " [Bacon]; les affaires font les hornmes; nee scire fas est omnia [Horace]; " the amassed thought and experience of innumerable minds " [Emerson]; was ich nicht weiss macht mich nicht heiss. ty, half-learned, illiterate; un-read, -in- formed, -educated, -learned, -lettered, -bookish; empty-headed; pedantic. in the dark; be-nighted, -latod; blind-, ed, -fold; hoodwinked; misinformed; au bout de son latin, at the end of his teth- er, at fault; at sea &c. (uncertain) 475; caught tripping. un-known, -apprehended, -explained, -ascertained, -investigated, -explored, -heard of, -perceived; concealed &c. 528; novel. Adv. ignorantly &c. adj.; unawares; for -anything, - aught- one knows; not that one knows. Int. God -, Heaven -, the Lord -, nobody- knows. Phr. " ignorance never settles a question " [Disraeli]; quantum animis err oris inest ! [Ovid]; "small Latin and less Greek" [B. Jonsonj; " that unlettered small-knowing soul " [Love's Labor's Lost]; " there is no darkness but ignor- ance " [Twelfth Night]. 492. Scholar. — N. scholar, connois- seur, savant, pundit, schoolman, pro- fessor, graduate, wrangler; academ- ician, -ist; master of arts, doctor, licen- tiate, gownsman; philo-sopher, -math; scientist, clerk; soph -ist, -ister; linguist; glosso-, philo-logist; philologer; lexico-, glosso-grapher; grammarian; litterateur, literati, dilettanti, illuminati; fellow, Hebraist, lexicologist, mullah, munshi, Sanskritist; sinolog-ist, -ue; Mezzofanti, admirable Crichton, Mecanias. bookworm, helluo librorum; biblio- phile, -maniac; bluestocking, bas-bleu; bigwig, learned Theban, don; Artium- Baccalaureus, - M agister. __ 145 493. Ignoramus. — N. ignoramus, dunce; wooden spoon; no scholar. sciolist, smatterer, dabbler, half schol- ar; charlatan; wiseacre. novice; greenhorn &c. (dupe) 547; tyro &c. (learner) 541 ; numskull. lubber &c. (bungler) 701; fool &c. 501 ; pedant &c. 492. Adj. bookless, shallow; ignorant &c. 491. Phr. " a wit with dunces and a dunce with wits " [Pope]. 492 — 495 INTELLECT IV. (I) v learned -, literary- man; homo multarum literarum; man of -learning, - letters, - education, - genius. antiquar-ian, -y; archaeologist; sage &c. (wise man) 500. pedant, doctrinaire; pedagogue, Dr. Pangloss; pantologist; criminologist. schoolboy &c. (learner) 541. Adj. learned &c. 490; brought up at the feet of Gamaliel. Phr. " he was a scholar and a ripe and good one " [Henry VIII\; " the manifold linguist " [All's Well That Ends Well}. 494. [Object of knowledge.] Truth. — N. fact, reality &c. (existence) 1 ; plain matter of fact; nature &c. (prin- ciple) 5; truth, verity; gospel; orthodoxy &c. 983a; authenticity; veracity &c. 543; correctitude. accuracy, exactitude; exact-, precise- ness &c. adj.; precision, delicacy; rigor, mathematical precision, punctuality; clockwork precision &c. (regularity) 80; conformity to rule; nicety. orthology; ipsissima verba; realism. plain -, honest -, sober -, naked -, unalloyed -, unqualified -, stern -, exact -, intrinsic- truth; nuda Veritas; the very thing; not an -illusion &c. 495; real Simon Pure; unvarnished tale; the truth the whole truth and nothing but the truth; just the thing. V. be -true &c. adj., - the case; stand the test; have the true ring; hold -good, - true, - water. render -, prove — true &c. adj.; sub- stantiate &c. (evidence) 467. get at the truth &c. (discover) 480a. Adj. real, actual &c. (existing) 1; veritable, true; certain &c. 474; sub- stantially -, categorically- true &c. ; true -to the letter, - as gospel; unimpeach- able; veracious &c. 543; unre-, uncon- futed; un-ideal, -imagined; realistic. exact, accurate, definite, precise, well- defined, just, right, correct, strict, se- vere; close &c. (similar) 17; literal; rigid, rigorous; scrupulous &c. (conscientious) 939; religiously exact, punctual, mathe- matical, scientific; faithful, constant, unerring; curious, particular, nice, deli- cate, fine; clean-cut, clear-cut. genuine, authentic, legitimate; ortho- dox &c. 983a; official, ex officio. pure, natural, sound, sterling; un- sophisticated, -adulterated, -varnished, -colored; in its true colors; pukka. well-grounded, -founded; solid, sub- stantial, tangible, valid; undis-torted, -guised; un-affected, -exaggerated, -ro- mantic, -flattering. 146 495. Error. — N. error, fallacy; mis- conception, -apprehension, -understand- standing; inexactness &c. adj.; laxity; misconstruction &c. (misinterpretation) 523; miscomputation &c. (misjudgment) 481; non sequitur &c. 477; mis-state- ment, -report; mumpsimus. mistake; miss, fault, blunder, quipro- quo, cross purposes, oversight, misprint, erratum, corrigendum, slip, blot, flaw, loose thread; trip, stumble &c. (failure) 732; botchery &c. (want of skill) 699; slip of the -tongue, - pen ; lapsus lingua?, clerical error; bull &c. (absurdity) 497; haplography. il-, de-fusion ; false -impression, - idea; bubble; self-deceit, -deception; mists of error. heresy &c. (heterodoxy) 984; hallucina- tion &c. (insanity) 503; false light &c. (fallacy of vision) 443; dream &c. (fancy) 515; fable &c. (untruth) 546; bias &c. (misjudgment) 481 ; misleading &c. v. V. be -erroneous &c. adj. cause error; mis-lead, -guide; lead -astray, - into error; beguile, misinform &c. (misteach) 538; delude; give a false -impression, - idea; falsify, misstate; deceive &c. 545; lie &c. 544. err; be -in error &c. adj., - mistaken &c. v.; be deceived &c. (duped) 547; mistake, receive a false impression, de- ceive oneself; fall into -, lie under -, labor under- -an error &c. n.; be in the wrong, blunder; mis-apprehend, -con- ceive, -understand, -reckon, -count, -calculate &c. (misjudge) 481. play -, be- at cross purposes &c. (mis- interpret) 523. trip, stumble; lose oneself &c. (un- certainty) 475; go astray; fail &c. 732; be in the wrong box; take the wrong sow by the ear &c. (mismanage) 699; put the saddle on the wrong horse; reckon without one's host; take the shadow for the substance &c. (credulity) 486; dream &c. (imagine) 515. Adj. erroneous, untrue, false, devoid IV. (I) v RESULTS OF REASONING 494 — 499 Adv. truly &c. adj. ; verily, indeed, in reality; with truth &c. (veracity) 543; certainly &c. (certain) 474; actually &c. (existence) 1 ; in effect &c. (intrinsically) 5. exactly &c. adj.', ad amussim; verba- tim, - et literatim; word for word, liter- ally, literatim, totidem verbis, sic, to the letter, chapter and verse, ipsissimis verbis; ad unguem; to an inch; to a- nicety, - hair, - tittle, - turn, - T; au pied de la lettre; neither more nor less; in -every respect, - all respects; sous tous les rapports; at -any rate, - all events; strictly speaking. Phr. the -truth, - fact- is; rem acu tetigisti; en suivant la verite; ex facto jus oritur; la verita e figlia del tempo; locos y ninos dicen la verdad; nihil est veritatis luce dulcius [Cicero]; Veritas nunquam perit [Seneca]; veritatem dies aperit [Seneca]. of truth, fallacious, apocryphal, unreal, ungrounded, groundless; unsubstantial &c. 4; heretical &c. (heterodox) 984; un- sound; illogical &c. 477. in-, un-exact; in-accurate, -correct; indefinite &c. (uncertain) 475. illus-ive, -ory; delusive; mock, ideal &c. (imaginary) 515; spurious &c. 545; deceitful &c. 544; perverted. controvertible, unsustainable; unau- thenticated, untrustworthy. exploded, refuted; discarded. in -, under an- error &c. n. ; mistaken &c. v.; tripping &c. v.; out, - in one's reckoning; aberrant; beside -, wide of the- -mark, - truth; astray &c. (at fault) 475; on -a false, - the wrong- scent; in the wrong box; at cross pur- poses, all in the wrong; all out. Adv. more or less. Phr. errare est humanum; mentis gratissimus error [Horace]; " on the dubious waves of error tost " [Cowper]; " to err is human, to forgive divine " [Pope]; " you lie — under a mistake " [Shelley]. 496. Maxim. — N. maxim, aphorism; apo-, apoph-thegm; dictum, saying, adage, saw, proverb; sentence, mot, motto, word, byword, moral, phylactery, protasis. axiom, theorem, scholium, truism, postulate. reflection &c. (idea) 453; conclusion &c. (judgment) 480; golden rule &c. (precept) 697; principle, principia; pro- fession of faith &c. (belief) 484; settled principle, formula. wise -, sage -, received -, admitted -, recognized- maxim &c. ; true -, com- mon -, hackneyed -, trite -, common- place- saying &c. Adj. aphoristic, proverbial, phylac- teric; axiomatic, gnomic. Adv. as -the saying is, - they say. 497. Absurdity. — N. absurd-ity, -ness &c.adj.; imbecility &c. 499; alogyf, nonsense, paradox, inconsistency; stul- tiloqu-y, -ence; nugacity. blunder, muddle, bull; Irish-, Hiber- nic-ism; slipslop; anticlimax, bathos; sophism &c. 477. farce, galimathias, amphigouri, rhap- sody; farrago &c. (disorder) 59; betise; extravagance, romance; sciamachy. sell, pun, verbal quibble, macaronic, jargon, fustian, twaddle &c. (no meaning) 517; exaggeration &c. 549; moonshine, stuff; mare's nest, quibble, self-delusion. vagary, tomfoolery, mummery, mon- key trick, boutade, escapade. V. play the fool &c. 499; talk non- sense, parler a tort et a travers; battre la campagne; dve^wAia fBa^uv; be -absurd &c. adj. Adj. absurd, nonsensical, preposterous, egregious, senseless, inconsistent, ridiculous, extravagant, quibbling; self-annulling, -contradictory; maca- ronic, punning. foolish &c. 499; sophistical &c. 477; unmeaning &c. 517; without rhyme or reason; fantastic. Int. fiddlededee! pish! pho! " in the name of the Prophet — figs! " [Horace Smith]. Phr. credat Judaius Apella [Horace]; tell it to the marines. Faculties 498. Intelligence. Wisdom. — N. intelligence, capacity, comprehension, 499. Imbecility. Folly. — N. want of -intelligence &c. 498, - intellect &c. 147 498 — 499 INTELLECT IV. (I) v understanding; cuteness, sabe * [U. S.], savvy * [U. S.]j intellect &c. 450; nous, parts, sagacity, mother wit, wit, esprit, gumption, quick parts, grasp of intellect; acuteness &c. adj.; acumen, subtlety, penetration, perspica-cy |, -city; dis- cernment, due sense of, good judgment; discrimination &c. 465; cunning &c. 702; refinement &c. (taste) 850. head, brains, headpiece, upper story, long head; eagle -eye, - glance; eye of a -lynx, - hawk. wisdom, sapience, sense; good -, com- mon -, horse - [U. S.], plain- sense; rationality, reason; reasonableness &c. adj.; judgment; solidity, depth, pro- fundity, caliber; enlarged views; reach -, compass- of thought; enlargement of mind. genius, inspiration, geist, fire of genius, heaven-born genius, soul; talent &c. (aptitude) 698. [Wisdom in action] prudence &c. 864; vigilance &c. 459; tact &c. 698; fore- sight &c. 510; sobriety, self-possession, aplomb, ballast. a bright thought, not a bad idea. V. be -intelligent &c. adj.; have all one's wits about one; understand &c. (intelligible) 518; catch -, take in- an idea; take a -joke, - hint. see -through, - at a glance, - with half an eye, - far into, - through a mill- stone; penetrate; discern &c. (descry) 441; foresee &c. 510. discriminate &c. 465; know what's what &c. 698 ; listen to reason. Adj. [Applied to persons] intelligent, quick of apprehension, keen, acute, alive, brainy, awake, bright, quick, sharp; quick-, keen-, clear-, sharp- -eyed, -sighted, -witted; wide-awake; canny, shrewd, astute; clear-headed; farsight- ed &c. 510; discerning, perspicacious, penetrating, piercing; argute; nimble-, needle-witted ; sharp as a needle; alive to &c. (cognizant) 490; clever &c. (apt) 698; arch &c. (cunning) 702; pas si bete; acute &c. 682. wise, sage, sapient, sagacious, reason- able, rational, sound, in one's right mind, sensible, abnormis sapiens, judicious, strong-minded. un-prejudiced, -biassed, -bigoted, -prepossessed; un-dazzled, -perplexed; of unwarped judgment, impartial, equi- table, fair. 148 450; shadow-, silli-, foolish-ness &c. adj.; imbecility, incapacity, vacancy of mind, poverty of intellect, clouded per- ception, poor head, apartments to let; stup-, stol-idity; hebetude, dull under- standing, meanest capacity, shortsight- edness; incompetence &c. (unskillful- ness) 699. one's weak side; bias &c. 481 ; infatua- tion &c. (insanity) 503. simplicity, puerility, babyhood; do- tage, anility, second childishness, fatu- ity; idio-cy, -tism; driveling. folly, frivolity, irrationality, trifling, ineptitude, nugacity, inconsistency, lip wisdom, conceit; sophistry &c. 477; giddiness &c. (inattention) 458; eccen- tricity &c. 503; extravagance &c. (ab- surdity) 497; rashness &c. 863. act of folly &c. 699. V. be -imbecile &c. adj.; have no -brains, - sense &c. 498. trifle, drivel, radoter, dote; ramble &c. (madness) 503; play the -fool, - monkey; take leave of one's senses; not see an inch beyond one's nose; stultify oneself &c. 699; talk nonsense &c. 497. Adj. [Applied to persons] mi-intelli- gent, -intellectual, -reasoning; mind-, wit-, reason-, brain-less; half-baked; having no -head &c. 498; not -bright &c. 498; inapprehensible. weak-, addle-, puzzle-, blunder-, muddle-, muddy-, pig-, beetle-, buffle-, chuckle-, mutton-, maggoty-, gross- headed; beef-, fat- -witted, -headed. weak-, feeble-minded; dull-, shallow-, lack-brained; rattle-brained, -headed; half-, lean-, short-, dull-, blunt-witted ; shallow-, clod-, addle-pated ; dim-, short-sighted; thick-skulled; weak in the upper story. shallow, borne, weak, wanting, soft, sappy, spoony; dull, - as a beetle; stupid, heavy, insulse, obtuse, blunt, stolid, doltish; asinine; inapt &c. 699; prosaic &c. 843; hebetudinous. child-ish, -like; infant-ine, -ile, baby-, bab-ish; puerile, anile; simple &c. (cred- ulous) 486; old-womanish. fatuous, idiotic, imbecile, driveling; blatant, babbling; vacant; sottish; be- wildered &c. 475. blockish, unteachable; Bceot-ian, -ic; bovine; un-gifted, -discerning, -enlight- ened, -wise, -philosophical; apish; sim- ious. IV. (I) v RESULTS OF REASONING 498 — 503 cool; cool-, long-, hard-, strong-head- ed; long-sighted, calculating, thought- ful, reflecting; solid, deep, profound. oracular; heaven-directed, -born. prudent &c. (cautious) 864; sober, staid, solid; considerate, politic, wise in one's generation; watchful &c. 459; provident &c. (prepared) 673; in advance of one's age; wise as -a serpent, - Solo- mon, - Solon. [Applied to actions] wise, sensible, reasonable, judicious; well-judged, -ad- vised; prudent, politic; expedient &c. 646. Phr. aut regem aut faluum nasci oportet; " but with the morning cool reflection came " [Scott]; flosculi sententiarum ; les affaires font les l^ommes; mds vale saber que haber; mas vale ser necio que porfiado; nemo solus sapit [Plau- tus]; nosce te; yvQdt. aeavrdv; milium magnum ingenium sine mixtura dementia; fuit [Seneca, from Aristotle]; sapere aude [Horace]; viclrix fortunce sapientia [Juvenal]. foolish, silly, senseless, irrational, in- sensate, nonsensical, inept; maudlin. narrow-minded &c. 481; bigoted &c. (obstinate) 606; giddy &c. (thoughtless) 458; rash &c. 863; eccentric &c. (crazed) 503. [Applied to actions] foolish, unwise, injudicious, improper, unreasonable, without reason, ridiculous, silly, stupid, asinine; ill-imagined, -advised, -judged, -devised; mat entendu; inconsistent, irrational, unphilosophical; extravagant &c. (nonsensical) 497; sleeveless, idle; useless &c. 645; inexpedient &c. 647; frivolous &c. (trivial) 643. Phr. Davus sum non (Edipus; " a fool's bolt is soon shot " [Henry V.]; clitellce bovi sunt im- positce [Cicero]; " fools rush in where angels fear to tread" [Pope]; il n'a ni bouche ni eperon; " the bookful blockhead, ignorantly read " [Pope] ; " to varnish nonsense with the charms of sound " [Churchill]. 500. Sage. — N. sage, wiseman; mas- ter -mind, - spirit of the age; longhead, thinker. authority, oracle, luminary, shining light, esprit fort, mag mis Apollo, Solon, Solomon, Nestor, Magi, " second Dan- iel." man of learning &c. 492; expert &c. 700; wizard &c. 994. [Ironically] wiseacre, bigwig. Adj. venerable, reverenced, emeritus. Phr. barbd tenus sapientes. 501. Fool. — N. fool, idiot, tom- fool, wiseacre, simpleton, witling, diz- zard, donkey, ass; ninny, -hammer; chowder-, chuckle-head; dolt, booby, Tom Noddy, looby, hoddy-doddy f, noddy, nonny, noodle, nizy, owl; goose, -cap; imbecile; gaby, radoteur, nin- compoop, badaud, zany; trifler, babbler; pretty fellow; natural, niais. child, baby, infant, innocent, milksop, sop. oaf, lout, loon, lown, dullard, doodle f, calf, colt, buzzard, block, put, stick, stock, numps f, tony f. bull-, dunder-, addle-, block-, dull-, logger-, jolt-, jolter-, beetle-, gross-, mutton-, noodle-, giddy-head; num-, thick-skull; lack-, shallow-brain; half-, lack- wit; dunderpate; lunkhead [U. S.] sawney, gowk; clod, -hopper; clod-, clot-poll, -pate; bull calf; gawk, Gothamite, lummox, rube [U. S.] ; men of Bceotia, wise men of Gotham. un sot a triple etage, sot; jobbernowl, changeling, mooncalf, gobemouche. dotard, driveler; old -fogey, - woman; crone, grandmother; cotquean, henhussy. greenhorn &c. (dupe) 547; dunce &c. (ignoramus) 493; lubber &c. (bungler) 701 ; madman &c. 504. one who -will not set the Thames on fire, qui n'a pas invente la poudre; no conjuror. Phr. forluna favet fatuis ; les fous font lesfeslins el les sages les mangent; nomina stultorum parietibus hcerent; stultorum plena su?d omnia [Cicero]. did not invent gunpowder; 502. Sanity. — N. sanity; soundness &c. adj.] rationality, sobriety, lucidity, lucid interval; senses, sober senses, sound mind, mens sana. V. be -sane &c. adj.) retain one's senses, - reason. 503. Insanity. — N. disordered -rea- son, - intellect; diseased -, unsound -, abnormal- mind; derangement, un- soundness. insanity, lunacy; madness &c. adj., mania, rabies, furor, mental alienation, 149 502 — 506 INTELLECT IV. (I) v become -sane &c. adj.; come to one's senses, sober down. render -sane &c. adj.; bring to one's senses, sober. Adj. sane, rational, reasonable, com- pos mentis, of sound mind; sound, -minded; lucid. self-possessed; sober, -minded. in one's -sober senses, - right mind; in possession of one's faculties. Adv. sanely &c. adj. aberration; paranoia; demen-tation,-tia, -cy; phrenitis, phrensy, frenzy, raving, incoherence, wandering, delirium, ca- lenture of the brain, delusion, halluci- nation; lycanthropy; brain storm. vertigo, dizziness, swimming; sun- stroke, coup de soleil, siriasis. fanaticism, infatuation, craze; oddity, eccentricity, twist, monomania; klepto-, dipso-mania; hypochondriasis &c. (low spirits) 837 ; melancholia, hysteria; amen- tia,, screw -, tile -, slate- loose; bee in one's bonnet, rats in the upper story, dotage &c. (imbecility) 499. V. be -, become- -insane &c. adj.; lose one's senses, - reason, - faculties, - wits; go -, run- mad; rave, dote, ramble, wander; drivel &c. (be imbecile) 499; have a -screw loose &c. n., - devil; avoir le diable au corps; lose one's head &c. (be uncertain) 475. render -, drive — mad &c. adj.; madden, dementate, addle the wits, de- range the head, infatuate, befool; turn -the brain, - one's head. Adj. insane, mad, lunatic; crazy, crazed, aliene, non compos mentis; not right, cracked, touched; bereft of reason; all-possessed, unhinged, unsettled in one's mind; insensate, reasonless, beside oneself, demented, daft; phren-, fren-zied, -etic; possessed, - with a devil; deranged, far gone, maddened, moonstruck; shatter-pated; mad-, scatter-, shatter-, crack-brained; off one's head. maniacal; delirious, light-headed, incoherent, rambling, doting, wandering; frantic, raving, stark staring mad. corybantic, dithyrambic; rabid, giddy, vertiginous, wild; haggard, mazed; flighty; distr-acted, -aught; bewildered &c. (uncertain) 475. mad as a -March hare, - hatter; of -unsound mind &c. n.; touched -, wrong -, not right- in one's -head, - mind, - wits -, upper story; out of one's -mind, - senses, - wits; not in one's right mind. fanatical, infatuated, odd, eccentric; hypp-ed, -ish. imbecile, silly, &c. 499. Adv. like one possessed. Phr. the mind having lost its balance; the reason under a cloud; tele -exaltee, -montee; ira furor brevis est; omnes stullos insanire [Horace]. 504. Madman. — N. madman, lunatic, maniac, bedlamite, candidate for Bedlam, raver, madcap; energumen; auto-, mono-, dipso-, klepto-maniac; hypochondriac &c. (low spirits) 837; crank, Tom o' Bedlam. dreamer &c. 515; rhapsodist, seer, highflier, enthusiast, fanatic, fanatico; exalte; knight errant, Don Quixote. idiot &c. 501. Section VI. Extension of Thought 1. To the Past 505. Memory. — N. memory, re- membrance; reten-tion, -tiveness; te- nacity; veteris vestigia jlammoz; tablets of the memory ; readiness. reminiscence, recognition, recurrence, recollection, rememoration ; retrospect, -ion; afterthought. 150 506. Oblivion. — N. oblivion; for- getfulness &c. adj.; obliteration &c. 552 of -, insensibility &c. 823 to- the past. short -, treacherous -, loose -, slip- pery -, failing- memory; decay -, fail- ure -, lapse- of memory; waters of -Lethe, - oblivion. IV. (I) vi EXTENSION OF THOUGHT 505 — 506 amnesty, general pardon. V. forgel ; be -forgetful &c. adj.; fall -, sink- into oblivion; have -a short mem- ory &c. n., - no head. forget one's own name, have on the tip of one's tongue, come in at one ear and go out at the other. slip -, escape -, fade from -, die away from- the memory; lose, - sight of. unlearn; efface &c. 552 -, discharge- from the memory; consign to -oblivion, - the tomb of the Capulets; think no more of &c. (turn the attention from) 458; cast behind one's back, wean one's thoughts from; let bygones be bygones &c. (forgive) 918. Adj. forgotten &c. v.; unremembered, past recollection, bygone, out of mind; buried -, sunk- in oblivion; clean for- gotten; gone out of one's -head, - rec- ollection. forgetful, oblivious, mindless, Le- thean; insensible &c. 823- to the past; heedless. Phr. non mi ricordo; the memory -failing, - deserting one, - being at (or in) fault. suggestion &c. (information) 527; prompting &c. v.; hint, reminder, token of remembrance, memento, souvenir, keepsake, relic, memorandum; remem- brancer, flapper; memorial &c. (record) 551; commemoration &c. (celebration) 883. things to be remembered, memora- bilia. art of -, artificial- memory; memoria technica; mnemo-nics, -technics; phre- notypics; Mnemosyne; prompt-book. retentive -, tenacious -, green -, trust- worthy -, capacious -, faithful -, cor- rect -, exact -, ready -, prompt- mem- ory. celebrity, fame, renown, reputation &c. (repute) 873. V. remember, mind; retain the -mem- ory, - remembrance- of; keep in view. have -, hold -, bear -, carry -, keep -, retain- in or in the -thoughts, - mind, - memory, - remembrance; be in -, live in -, remain in -, dwell in -, haunt -, impress- one's -memory, - thoughts,- mind. sink in the mind; run in the head; not be able to get it out of one's head; be deeply impressed with; rankle &c. (re- venge) 919. recur to the mind; flash -on the mind, - across the memory. recognize, recollect, bethink oneself, recall, call up, retrace; look -, trace- -back, - backwards; think -, look back- upon; review; call -, recall -, bring- to -mind, - remembrance; carry one's thoughts back; rake up the past. suggest &c. (inform) 527; prompt; put -, keep- in mind; remind; fan the embers; call -, summon -, rip- up; renew; infandum renovare dolor em; task -, tax -, jog -, flap -, refresh -, rub up -, awaken- the memory; pull by the sleeve; bring back to the memory, put in remembrance, memorialize. get -, have -, learn -, know -, say -, repeat- by -heart, - rote; say one's lesson; repeat, - as a parrot; have at one's fingers' ends. commit to memory; con, - over; fix -, rivet -, imprint -, impress -, stamp -, grave -, engrave -, store -, treasure up -, bottle up -, embalm -, enshrine- in the memory ; load -, store -, stuff -, burden- the memory with ; memorize. redeem from oblivion; keep the -memory alive, - wound green; tangere ulcus; keep up the memory of; commemorate &c. (celebrate) 883. make a note of &c. (record) 551. Adj. remember-ing, -ed &c. v.; mindful, reminiscential ; retained in the memory &c. v.; pent up in one's memory; fresh; green, - in remembrance; un- forgotten, present to the mind; within one's -memory &c. n.; indelible; upper- most in one's thoughts; memorable &c. (important) 642. Adv. by -heart, - rote; without book, memoriter. in memory of; in memoriam; memoria in ceternd; suggestive. Phr. manet alld mente repostum [Vergil]; forsan et hcec olim meminisse juvabit [Vergil]; ab- sens hceres non erit; beatce memoria;; " briefly thyself remember " [Lear]; mendacem memorem esse oportet [Quintilian]; " memory the warder of the brain " [Macbeth]; parsque est memin- isse doloris [Ovid]; "to live in hearts we leave behind is not to die" [Campbell]; vox audita perit littera scripta manet. 151 507 — 609 INTELLECT IV. (I) vi 2. To the Future 507. Expectation. — N. expect-ation, -ance, -ancy; anticipation, reckoning, calculation; foresight &c. 510. contemplation, prospection, lookout; prospect, perspective, horizon, vista; destiny &c. 152. suspense, waiting, abeyance; curios- ity &c. 455; anxious -, ardent -, eager -, breathless -, sanguine- expectation; torment of Tantalus. hope &c. 858; trust &c. (belief) 484; auspices &c. (prediction) 511; assurance, confidence, presumption, reliance. V. expect; look -for, - out for, - for- ward to; hope for, anticipate; have in -prospect, - contemplation; keep in view; contemplate, promise oneself; not -wonder &c. 870 -at, - if. wait -, tarry -, lie in wait -, watch -, bargain- for; keep a -good, - sharp- look- out for; await; stand at " attention," abide, bide one's time, watch. foresee &c. 510; prepare for &c. 673; forestall &c. (be early) 132; count upon &c. (believe in) 484; think likely &c. (probability) 472. lead one to expect &c. (predict) 511; have in store for &c. (destiny) 152. prick up one's ears, hold one's breath. Adj. expectant; expecting &c. v.; in -expectation &c. n. ; on the watch &c. (vigilant) 459; open-eyed, -mouthed; agape, gaping, all agog; on -tenter- hooks, - tiptoe, - the tiptoe of expecta- tion; aux aguets; ready; curious &c. 455; looking forward to. expected &c. v.; long expected, fore- seen; in prospect &c. n.; prospective; in -one's eye, - view, - the horizon; impending &c. (destiny) 152. Adv. on the watch &c. adj.; with -breathless expectation &c. n., - bated breath; arrectis auribus. Phr. we shall see; nous verrons; "expecta- tion whirls me round " [Troilus and Cressida]. 508. Inexpectation. — N. in-, non- expectation; false expectation &c. (dis- appointment) 509; miscalculation &c. 481. surprise, sudden burst, thunderclap, blow, shock; bolt out of the blue; won- der &c. 870; eye opener. V. not -expect &c. 507; be taken by surprise; start; miscalculate &c. 481; not bargain for; come -, fall- upon. be -unexpected &c. adj.; come -un- awares &c. adv.; turn up, pop, drop from the clouds ; come -, burst -, flash -, bounce -, steal -, creep- upon.one; come -, burst- like a thunder-clap, -bolt; take -, catch- -by surprise, - unawares, - napping; yach [S. Africa]. pounce -, spring a mine- upon. surprise, startle, take aback, electrify, stun, stagger, take away one's breath, throw off one's guard; astonish &c. (strike ivith wonder) 870. Adj. nonexpectant ; surprised &c. v.; un-warned, -aware; off one's guard; in- attentive &c. 458. un-expected, -anticipated, -looked for, -foreseen, -hoped for; dropped from the clouds; beyond -, contrary to -, against- expectation; out of one's reck- oning; unheard of &c. (exceptional) 83; startling; sudden &c. (instantaneous) 113. Adv. abruptly, unexpectedly, plump, pop, a Vimproviste, unawares; without -notice, - warning, - saying " by your leave"; like a -thief in the night, - thunderbolt; in an unguarded moment; suddenly &c. (instantaneously) 113. Int. heydey! &c. (wonder) 870. Phr. little did one -think, - expect; nobody would ever -suppose, - think, - expect; who would have thought? it beats the Dutch. 509. [Failure of expectation.] Disappointment. — N. disappointment; blighted hope, balk; blow; slip 'twixt cup and lip; nonfulfillment of one's hopes; sad -, bitter- disappointment ; trick of fortune ; af terclap ; false -, vain- expecta- tion; miscalculation &c. 481 ; fool's paradise; much cry and little wool. V. be disappointed; look -blank, - blue; look -, stand- -aghast &c. (wonder) 870; find to one's cost; laugh on the wrong side of one's mouth; find one a false prophet. disappoint ; crush -, dash -, balk -, disappoint -, blight -, falsify -, defeat -, 152 IV (1) vi RESULTS OF REASONING 509 — 511 not realize- one's -hope, - expectation; balk, jilt, bilk; play one -false, - a trick; dash the cup from the lips; tantalize; dumfounder. Adj. disappointed &c. v.; disconcerted, aghast; disgruntled; out of one's reckoning. Phr. the mountain brought forth a mouse; parturiunt monies; nascilur ridiculus mus [Horace]; diis aliter visum, the bubble burst; one's countenance falling. 510. Foresight. — N. foresight, prospicience, prevision, long-sightedness; anticipation; providence &c. (preparation) 673. fore-thought, -cast; pre-deliberation, -surmise; foregone conclusion &c. (prejudgment) 481; prudence &c. (caution) 864. foreknowledge; prognosis; pre-cognition, -science, -notion, -sentiment; second-sight; sagacity &c. (intelligence) 498; antepast, prelibation, prophasis. prospect &c. (expectation) 507; foretaste; prospectus &c. (plan) 626. V. foresee; look -forwards to, - ahead, - beyond; scent from afar; look -, pry -, peep- into the future. see one's way; see how the -land lies, - wind blows, - cat jumps. anticipate; expect &c. 507; be beforehand &c. (early) 132; predict &c. 511; fore-know, -judge, -cast; presurmise ; have an eye to the -future, - main chance; respicere finem ; keep a sharp lookout &c. (vigilance) 459; forewarn &c. 668. Adj. foreseeing &c. v.; prescient; far-seeing, -sighted; sagacious &c. (intelli- gent) 498; weatherwise; provident &c. (prepared) 673; prospective &c. 507. Adv. against the time when. Phr. cernit omnia Deus vindex; mihi cura futuri. 511. Prediction. — N. prediction, announcement; program(me) &c. (plan) 626; premonition &c. (warning) 668; prognosis, prophecy, vaticination, man- tology, prognostication, premonstration f; augur-y, -ation f; a-, ha-riolation f; fore-, a-boding; bode-, abode-ment; omni-ationf, -ousness; auspices, fore- cast; omen &c. 512; horoscope, nativity; sooth f, -saying; fortune -telling; div- ination; necromancy &c. 992. [Divination by the stars] astrology, horoscopy, judicial astrology. 1 [Place of prediction] adytum. prefigur-ation, -ement; prototype, type. V. predict, prognosticate, prophesy, vaticinate, divine, foretell, soothsay, augurate, tell fortunes; cast a -horoscope, - nativity; advise; forewarn &c. 668. presage, augur, bode; a-, fore-bode; fore-, be-token; pre-figure, -show; por- tend; fore-show, -shadow; shadow forth, typify, pretypify, ominatef, signify, point to. 1 The following terms, expressive of different forms of divination, have been collected from various sources, and are here given as a curious illustration of bygone superstitions: — Divination by oracles, Theomancy; by the Bible, Bibliomancy; by ghosts, Psychomancy; by crystal gazing, Crystallomancy; by shadows or manes, Sciomancy; by appearances in the air, Aeromancy, Chaomancy; by the stars at birth, Genethliacs; by meteors, Meteoromancy; by winds, Austromancy; by sacrificial appearances, Aruspicy (or Haruspicy), Hieromancy, Hieroscopy; by the entrails of animals sacrificed, Extispicy, Hieromancy; by the entrails of a human sacrifice, Anthropomancy; by the entrails of fishes, Ichthyomancy; by sacrificial fire, Pyromancy; by red-hot iron, Sideromancy; by smoke from the altar, Capnomancy; by mice, Myomancy; by birds, Orniscopy, Ornithomaney; by a cock picking up grains, Alectryomancy (or Alectoromancy) ; by fishes, Ophiomancy; by herbs, Botanomancy; by water, Hydromancy; by fountains, Pegomancy; by a wand, Rhabdomancy; by dough of cakes, Crithomancy; by meal, Aleuromanoy, Alphitomancy; by salt, Halomancy; by dice, Cleromancy; by arrows, Belomancy; by a balanced hatchet, Axinomancy; by a balanced sieve, Coscin- omancy; by a suspended ring, Dactyliomancy; by dt>l* made at random on paper, Geomancy; by precious stones, Lithomancy; by pebbles, Pessomancy; by pebbles drawn from a heap, Psephomancy; by mirrors, Catoptromancy; by writings in ashes, Tephramancy; by dreams, Oneiromancy; by the hand, Palmistry, Chiromancy; by nails reflecting the sun's rays, Onychomancy; by finger rings, Dactylomancy; by numbers, Arithmancy; by drawing lots, Sortilege; by passages in books, Sticho- mancy; by the letters forming the name of the person, Onomancy, Nomancy; by the features, An- throposcopy; by the mode of laughing, Geloscopy; by ventriloquism, Gastromancy; by walking in a circle, Gyromancy; by dropping melted wax into water, Ceromancy; by currents, Bletonism; by the color and peculiarities of wine, CEnomancy. 153 511 — 516 INTELLECT IV. (I) vi usher in, herald, premise, announce; lower. hold out -, raise -, excite- -expectation, - hope; bid fair, promise, lead one to expect; be the -precursor &c. 64. Adj. predicting &c. v.; predictive, prophetic; fatidic, -al; vaticinal, oracular, fatiloquent, haruspical; Sibylline; weatherwise. ominous, portentous; augur-ous f, -ial, -al; auspici-al, -ous; prescious, moni- tory, extispicious, premonitory, significant of, pregnant with, big with the fate of. Phr. " coming events cast their shadows before " [Campbell]; dicamus bona verba; " there buds the promise of celestial worth " [Young]. 512. Omen. — N. omen, portent, presage, prognostic, augury, auspice; sign &c. (indication) 550; harbinger &c. (precursor) 64; yule candle. bird of ill omen; signs of the times; gathering clouds; warning &c. 668. prefigurement &c. 511. Adj. ill-boding. Phr. auspiciiun melioris mvi. 513. Oracle. — N. oracle; prophet, seer, soothsayer, augur, fortune teller, witch, geomancer, aruspex; a-, ha-ruspice; haruspex; Sibyl; Python, -ess; Pythia; Pythian -, Delphian- oracle; Monitor, Sphinx, Tiresias, Cassandra, Sibylline leaves; Zadkiel, Old Moore; sorcerer &c. 994; interpreter &c. 524. Section VII. Creative Thought 514. Supposition. — N. supposition, assumption, postulation, condition, presupposition, hypothesis, postulate, postulatum, theory, data; pro-, position; thesis, theorem; proposal &c. (plan) 626; assumed position. bare -, vague -, loose- -supposition, - suggestion; conceit; conjecture; guess, - work; rough guess, shot; conjecturality; surmise, suspicion, inkling, sugges- tion, association of ideas, hint; presumption &c. (belief) 484; divination, specu- lation. V. suppose, conjecture, surmise, suspect, guess, divine; theorize; pre-sume, -surmise, -suppose; assume, fancy, wis, take it; give a guess, speculate, believe, dare say, take it into one's head, take for granted. put forth; pro-pound, -pose; start, put a case, submit, move, make a motion; hazard -, throw out -, put forward- a -suggestion, - conjecture. allude to, suggest, hint, put it into one's head. suggest itself &c. (thought) 451; run in the head &c. (memory) 505; marvel -, wonder- -if, - whether. Adj. supposing &c. v.; given, mooted, postulatory; assumed &c. v.; supposit- ive, -itious; gratuitous, speculative, conjectural, hypothetical, theoretical, aca- demic, supposable, presumptive, putative; suppositional. suggestive, allusive. Adv. if, - so be; an; on the -supposition &c. n.; ex hypothesi; in -case, - the event of; quasi, as if, provided; perhaps &c. (by possibility) 470; for aught one knows. 515. Imagination. — N. imagination; originality; invention; fancy; inspi- ration; verve. warm -, heated -, excited -, sanguine -, ardent -, fiery -, boiling -, wild -, bold -, daring -, playful -, lively -, fertile- -imagination, - fancy. " mind's eye "; " such stuff as dreams are made of " [Tempest]. ideal-ity, -ism; romanticism, utopianism, castle-building; dreaming; phren- sy, frenzy; ecs-, ex-tasy f; calenture &c. (delirium) 503; reverie, trance; som- nambulism. conception, Vorstellung, excogitation, " a fine frenzy "; cloud-, dream-land; 154 IV. (II) i COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS 515 — 517 flight -, fumes- of fancy; " thick-coming fancies" [Macbeth]; creation -, coin- age- of the brain ; imagery. conceit, maggot, figment, myth, dream, vision, shadow, chimera; phan-tasm, -tasy; fantasy, fancy; whim, -sey, -sy; vagary, rhapsody, romance, gest, geste, extravaganza; air-drawn dagger, bugbear, nightmare; flying Dutchman, groat sea serpent, man in the moon, castle in the air, chateau en Espagne; Utopia, Atlantis, happy valley, millennium, fairyland; land of Prester John, kingdom of Micomicon; work of fiction &c. (novel) 594; Arabian nights; lepot au lait; dream of Alnaschar &c. (hope) 858; day -, golden- dream. illusion &c. (error) 495; phantom &c. (fallacy of vision) 443; Fata Morgana &c. (ignis fatuus) 423; vapor &c. (cloud) 353; stretch of the imagination &c. (exag- geration) 549; mythogenesis. idealist, romanticist, visionary; mopus; romancer, dreamer; somnambulist; rhapsodist &c. (fanatic) 504; castle-builder, fanciful projector. V. imagine, fancy, conceive; ideal-, real-ize; dream, - of; " give to airy nothing a local habitation and a name " [Midsummer Night's Dream]. create, originate, devise, invent, coin, fabricate; improvise, strike out some- thing new. set one's wits to work; strain -, crack- one's invention; rack -, ransack -, cudgel- one's brains; excogitate. give -play, - the reins, - a loose- to the- -imagination, - fancy; indulge in reverie. conjure up a vision; fancy -, represent -, picture -, figure- to oneself; vor- stellen. float in the mind; suggest itself &c. (thought) 451. Adj. imagined &c. v.; ben trovato; air-drawn, -built. imagin-ing &c. v., -ative; original, inventive, creative, fertile. romantic, high-flown, flighty, extravagant, fanatic, enthusiastic, Utopian, Quixotic. ideal, unreal; in the clouds, in nubibus; unsubstantial &c. 4; illusory &c. (fal- lacious) 495. fabulous, legendary; myth-ic, -ological; chimerical; imagin-, vision-ary; no- tional; fan-cy, -ciful, -tastical; whimsical; fairy, -like; gestic. Phr. " a change came o'er the spirit of my dream " [Byron]; ccgri somnia vana; dolphinum appingit sylvis in fluctibus aprum [Horace]; " fancy light from fancy caught, " [Tennyson]; "imagination rules the world" [Napoleon]; V imagination gallope, le jugement ne va que le pas; musoeo contingens cuncta lepore [Lucretius]; tous songcs sont mensonges; Wahrheit und Dichtung. Division (II) COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS Section I. Nature of Ideas communicated 516. [Idea to be conveyed.] Mean- ing. [Thing signified.] — N. meaning; signific-ation, -ance; sense, expression; im-, pur-port; force; drift, tenor, spirit, bearing, coloring; scope. matter; subject, -matter; argument, text, sum and substance; gist &c. 5. general -, broad -, substantial -, col- loquial -, literal -, plain -, simple -, natural -, unstrained -, true &c. (exact) 494 -, honest &c. 543 -, prima facie &c. (manifest) 525- meaning. literality; after acceptation; allusion &c. (latency) 526; suggestion &c. (infor- 517. [Absence of meaning.] Unmean- ingness. — N. unmeaningness &c. adj. ; scrabble. empty sound, dead letter, vox et prm- terea nihil; " a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing "; " sounding brass and a tinkling cym- bal." nonsense, jargon, gibberish, jabber, mere words, hocus-pocus, fustian, rant, bombast, balderdash, palaver, flum- mery, verbiage, babble, bavardage, bara- gouin, platitude, niaiserie; inanity; flap- doodle ; rigmarole, rodomontade ; truism ; 155 516 — 519 INTELLECT IV. (II) i mation) 527; synonym; figure of speech &c. 521; acceptation &c. {interpretation) 522. V. mean, signify, express; im-, pur- port; convey, imply, breathe, indicate, bespeak, bear a sense; tell -, speak- of; touch on; point -, allude- to; drive at; involve &c. {latency) 526; declare &c. {affirm) 535. understand by &c. {interpret) 522. Adj. meaning &c. v.; expressive, sug- gestive, allusive; signific-ant, -ative, -atory; pithy; full of -, pregnant with- meaning. declaratory &c. 535; intelligible &c. 518; literal; synonymous; tantamount &c. {equivalent) 27; implied &c. (latent) 526; explicit &c. 525. Adv. to that effect; that is to say &c. {being interpreted) 522. 518. Intelligibility. — N. intelligi- bility; clearness, explicitness &c. adj.; lucidity, comprehensibility, perspicuity; legibility, plain speaking &c. {manifes- tation) 525; precision &c. 494; wvavTa avveToicri, a word to the wise. V. be -intelligible &c. adj. ; speak -for itself, - volumes; tell its own tale, lie on the surface. render -intelligible &c. adj.; popula- rize, simplify, clear up; elucidate &c. {explain) 522. understand, comprehend; take, - in; catch, grasp, follow, collect, master, make out; see -with half an eye, - day- light, - one's way; enter into the ideas of; come to an understanding. Adj. intelligible; clear, - as -day, - noonday; lucid; per-, tran-spicuous; lu- minous, transparent. easily understood, easy to understand, for the million, intelligible to the mean- est capacity, popularized. plain, distinct, explicit; positive; defi- nite &c. {precise) 494. graphic; expressive &c. {meaning) 516; illustrative &c. {explanatory) 522. un-ambiguous, -equivocal, -mistak- able &c. {manifest) 525, -confused; leg- ible, recognizable; obvious &c. 525. Adv. in plain -terms, - words, - Eng- lish. Phr. he that runs may read &c. {manifest) 525. 156 nngce canorw; twaddle, twattle, fudge, trash; poppy-cock [U. S.]; stuff, - and nonsense; bosh, rubbish, moonshine, wish-wash, fiddle-faddle; absurdity &c. 497; vagueness &c. (unintelligibility) 519. V. mean nothing; be -unmeaning &c. adj. ; twaddle, quibble, scrabble. Adj. unmeaning; meaning-, sense- less; nonsensical; void of -sense &c. 516. in-, un-expressive; vacant; not -sig- nificant &c. 516; insignificant. trashy, washy, trumpery, trivial, fiddle-faddle, twaddling, quibbling. unmeant, not expressed; tacit &c. (la- tent) 526. inexpressible, undefinable, incommu- nicable. 519. Unintelligibility. — N. unin- telligibility, incomprehensibility, imper- spicuity; inconceivableness, vagueness &c. adj.; obscurity; ambiguity &c. 520 doubtful meaning; uncertainty &c. 475 perplexity &c. (confusion) 59; spinosity obscurum per obscurius; mystification &c. (concealment) 528; latency &c. 526; transcendentalism. paradox; riddle &c. (secret) 533; dig- nus vindice nodus; sealed book; steganog- raphy, freemasonry. pons asinorum, asses' bridge; high Dutch, Greek, Hebrew; jargon &c. (un- meaning) 517. V. be -unintelligible &c. adj.; require -explanation &c. 522; have a doubtful meaning, pass comprehension. render -unintelligible &c. adj.; con- ceal &c. 528 ; darken &c. 421 ; confuse &c. (derange) 61; perplex &c. (beivilder) 475. not -understand &c. 518; lose, - the clue; miss; not know what to make of, be able to make nothing of, give it up; not be able to -account for, - make either head or tail of; be at sea &c. (u?i- certain) 475; wonder &c. 870; see through a glass darkly &c. (ignorance) 491. not understand one another; play at cross purposes &c. (misinterpret) 523. Adj. un-intelligible, -accountable, -decipherable, -discoverable, -knowable, -fathomable; in-cognizable, -explicable, -scrutable; inap-, incom-prehensible; insol-vable, -uble; impenetrable. V. (II) i COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS 519 — 523 illegible, as Greek to one, unexplained, paradoxical; enigmatic, -al; puz- zling; indecipherable. obscure, dark, muddy, clear as mud, seen through a mist, dim, nebulous, shrouded in mystery; undiscernible &c. (invisible) 447; misty &e. (opaque) 426; hidden &c. 528; latent &c. 526. indefinite &c. (indistinct) 447; perplexed &c. (confused) 59; undetermined, vague, loose, ambiguous; mysterious; mystic, -al; acroamatic, -al; metem- pirical; transcendental; occult, recondite, abstruse, crabbed. incon-ceivable, -ceptible; searchless; above -, beyond -, past- compre- hension; beyond one's depth; unconceived. inexpressible, undefinable, incommunicable. 520. [Having a double sense.] Equivocalness. — N. equivocalness &c. adj.; double -meaning &c. 516; ambiguity, double entente, pun, paragram, calem- bour, quibble, equivoque, anagram; conundrum &c. (riddle) 533; word -play &c. (wit) 842; homonym, -y; amphibo-ly, -logy; ambilogy, ambiloquy f. Sphinx, Delphic oracle. equivocation &c. (duplicity) 544; white lie, mental reservation &c. (conceal- ment) 528; paltering. V. be -equivocal &c. adj. ; have two -meanings &c. 516; equivocate &c. (pal- ter) 544. Adj. equivocal, ambiguous, amphibolous, homonymous; double-tongued &c. (lying) 544; enigmatical, indeterminate. 521. Metaphor. — N. figure of speech; facon de parler, way of speaking, colloquialism. phrase &c. 566; figure, trope, metaphor, metonymy, enallage, catachresis, synecdoche, autonomasia; irony, figurativeness &c. adj. ; image, -ry ; metalepsis, type, anagoge, simile, personification, prosopopoeia, allegory, apologue, parable, fable; allusion, adumbration; application. V. employ -metaphor &c. n. ; personify, allegorize, adumbrate, shadow forth, apply, allude to. Adj. metaphorical, figurative, catachrestical, typical, tralatitious, parabolic, allegorical, allusive, anagogical; ironical; colloquial; tropical. Adv. so to -speak, - say, - express oneself; as it were. Phr. mutato nomine de te fabula narratur [Horace]. 522. Interpretation. — N. interpre- tation, definition; explan-, explic-ation ; solution, answer; rationale; plain -, simple -, strict- interpretation; mean- ing &c. 516. translation; rend-ering, -ition; red- dition; literal -, free- translation; key; secret; clew &c. (indication) 550; clavis, crib, pony [U. S.j. exegesis; ex-pounding, -position; her- meneutics; comment, -ary; inference &c. (deduction) 480; illustration, exem- plification; gloss, annotation, scholium, note; e-, di-lucidation f; eclair cissement, mot d'enigme. symptomat-, semei-ology; metopos- C0 Py> physiognomy; paleography &c. (philology) 560; oneirology accept-ion, -ation, -ance; light, read- ing, lection, construction, version^ 523. Misinterpretation. — N. mis- interpretation, -apprehension, -under- standing, -acceptation f , — construction, -application; catachresis; eisegesis; cross -reading, - purposes; mistake &c. 495. misrepresentation, perversion, exag- geration &c. 549; false -coloring, - con- struction; abuse of terms; parody, trav- esty; falsification &c. (lying) 544. V. mis-interpret, -apprehend, -un- derstand, -conceive, -spell, -translate, -construe, -apply; mistake &c. 495. misrepresent, pervert; explain wrong- ly, misstate; garble &c. (falsify) 544; distort, detort | ; travesty, play upon words; stretch -, strain -, wrest- the -sense, - meaning; explain away; put a -bad, - false- construction on; give a false coloring. be -, play- at cross purposes. 157 522 — 526 INTELLECT IV. (II) j Adj. misinterpreted &c. v.; untrans- lat-ed, -able. equivalent, - meaning &c. 516; syno- nym; para-, meta-phrase; convertible terms, apposition; dictionary &c. 562; polyglot. V. interpret, explain, define, construe, translate, render; do -, turn- into; transfuse the sense of. find out &c. 480a- -the meaning &c. 516- of; read; spell-, make- out; deci- pher, unravel, disentangle; find the key of, enucleate, resolve, solve; read be- tween the lines. account for; find -, tell- the cause &c. 153- of; throw -, shed- -light, -new light, - fresh light- upon; clear up, elucidate. illustrate, exemplify; unfold, expound, comment upon, annotate; popular- ize &c. (render intelligible) 518. take -, understand -, receive -, accept- in a particular sense; understand by, put a construction on, be given to understand. Adj. explanatory, expository; explica-tive, -tory; exegetical; construable. polyglot; literal; para-, meta-phrastic; consignificative, synonymous; equivalent &c. 27. Adv. in -explanation &c. n.; that is to say, id est, videlicet, to wit, namely, in other words. literally, strictly speaking; in -plain, - plainer- -terms, - words, - English; more simply. 524. Interpreter. — N. interpreter; ex-positor, -pounder, -ponent, -plainer; demonstrator. scholiast, commentator, annotator; meta-, para-phrast; glossarist, prol- ocutor. spokesman, speaker, mouthpiece. dragoman, courier, valet de place, cicerone, showman; oneirocritic ; (Edipus; oracle &c. 513. Section II. Modes of Communication 525. Manifestation. — N. manifes- tation; plainness &c. adj. ; plain speak- ing; expression; showing &c. v.; exposi- tion, demonstration; exhibition, produc- tion; display, show, showing off; pre- monstration f. [Thing shown] exhibit. indication &c. (calling attention to) 457; publicity &c. 531; disclosure &c. 529; openness &c. (honesty) 543, (art- lessness) 703; epanchement. V. make -, render- -manifest &c. adj.; bring -forth, - forward, - to the front, - into view; give notice; express; repre- sent, set forth, exhibit; show, - up; ex- pose; produce; hold up -, expose- to view; set -, place -, lay- before -one, - one's eyes; tell to one's face; trot out, put through one's paces, bring to light, display, demonstrate, unroll; lay open; draw -, bring- out; bring out in strong relief; call -, bring- into notice; hold up the mirror; wear one's heart upon his sleeve; show one's -face, - colors; mani- fest oneself; speak out; make no -mys- 158 526. Latency. — N. latency, inex- pression; hidden -, occult- meaning; oc- cultness, mystery, cabala, anagoge; si- lence &c. (taciturnity) 585; concealment &c. 528; more than meets the -eye, - ear; Delphic oracle; le dessous des cartes, undercurrent. allusion, insinuation, implication; in- nuendo &c. 527; adumbration; " some- thing rotten in the state of Denmark " [Hamlet]. snake in ' the grass &c. (pitfall) 667 ; secret &c. 533. darkness, invisibility, imperceptibil- ity. V. be -latent &c. adj. ; lurk, smolder, underlie, make no sign; escape -observa- tion, - detection, - recognition; lie hid &c. 528. laugh in one's sleeve; keep back &c. (conceal) 528. involve, imply, understand, allude to, infer, leave an inference; whisper &c. (conceal) 528, IV. (II) ii COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS 525 — 528 tery, - secret- of; unfurl the flag; pro- claim &c. (publish) 531. indicate &c. (direct attention to) 457; disclose &c. 529; elicit &c. 480a. be -manifest &c. adj.; appear &c. (be visible) 446; transpire &c. (be disclosed) 529; speak for itself, stand to reason; stare one in the face, rear its head ; give -token, - sign, - indication of; tell its own tale &c. (intelligible) 518. Adj. manifest, apparent ; salient, strik- ing, demonstrative, prominent, in the foreground, notable, pronounced. flagrant; notorious 6, 7, 8 point, etc.; press-room, -work; reglet, roman; running-head, -title; scale, serif, shank, sheet work, shoulder, signature, slug, underlay. folio &c. (book) 593; copy, impression, pull, proof, revise; author's -, galley -, page -, press- proof; press revise. printer, compositor, reader; printer's devil; copyholder. V. print; compose; put -, go- to press; pass -, see- through the press; publish &c. 531; bring out; appear in - rush into- print; distribute, make-up, mor- tise, offset, overrun, rout. Adj. printed &c. v.; in type; typo- graphical &c. n.; solid in galleys. 592. Correspondence. — N. corre- 593. Book. — N. book, -let; writ- spondence, letter, epistle, note, billet, ing, work, volume, tome, opuscule; tract, 180 IV. (II) in COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS 592 — 595 post card, missive, circular, favor, billet- doux; chit, chitty, letter card, picture post card; postal [U. S.], - card; des-, dis-patch; bulletin, these presents; re- script, -ion; post &c. (messenger) 534. V. correspond, - with; write -, send a letter- to ; keep up a correspondence. Adj. epistolary. Phr. furor scribendi. -ate; livret; brochure, libretto, hand- book, codex, manual, pamphlet, en- chiridion, circular, publication; chap book. part, issue, number, livraison; album, portfolio; periodical, serial, magazine, ephemeris, annual, journal. paper, bill, sheet, broadsheet; leaf, -let; fly leaf, page; quire, ream. chapter, section, head, article, para- graph, passage, clause. folio, quarto, octavo; duo-,' sexto-, octo-decimo. en-, cyclopedia; compilation; library, bibliotheca; the press &c. (-publica- tion) 531. writer, author, litterateur, essayist, journalist; pen, scribbler, the scribbling race; literary hack, Grub-street writer; writer for -, gentleman of -, repre- sentative of- the press; adjective jerker, diaskeuast, ghost, hack writer, ink slinger; publicist; reporter, penny-a-liner; editor, subeditor; playwright &c. 599; poet &c. 597. bookseller, publisher; biblio-pole, -polist; librarian; bookstore, book- seller's shop. knowledge of books, bibliography; book -learning &c. (knowledge) 490. Phr. " among the giant fossils of my past " [E. B. Browning]; craignez tout d'un auteur encourroux; " for authors nobler palms remain " [Pope]; " I lived to write and wrote to live " [Rogers]; " look in thy heart and write " [Sidney]; " there is no Past so long as Books shall live" [Bulwer Lytton]; "the public mind is the creation of the Master- Writers " [Disraeli]; " volumes that I prize above my dukedom " [Tempest]. 594. Description. — N. description, account, statement, report; expose &c. (disclosure) 529; specification, particulars; state -, summary- of facts; brief &c. (abstract) 596; return &c. (record) 551 ; catalogue raisonne &c. (list) 80; guide- book &c. (information) 527. delineation &c. (representation) 554; sketch; monograph; minute -, detailed -, particular-, circumstantial -, graphic- account; narration, recital, rehearsal, relation. histori-, chron-ography; historic Muse, Clio; history; bi-, autobi-ography; necrology, obituary. narrative, history; memoir, memorials; annals &c. (chronicle) 551; saga; tradition, legend, story, tale, historiette; personal narrative, journal, life, ad- ventures, fortunes, experiences, confessions; anecdote, ana, trait. work of fiction, novel, romance, Minerva press; fairy -, nursery- tale; fable, parable, apologue; dime novel, penny dreadful, shilling shocker *. relator &c. v.; raconteur, historian &c. (recorder) 553; biographer, fabulist, novelist. V. describe; set forth &c. (state) 535; draw a picture, picture; portray &c. (represent) 554; characterize, particularize; narrate, relate, recite, recount, sum up, run over, recapitulate, rehearse, fight one's battles over again. unfold &c. (disclose) 529- a tale; tell; give -, render- an account of; report, make a report, draw up a statement. detail; enter into -, descend to- -particulars, - details; itemize. Adj. descriptive, graphic, narrative, epic, suggestive, well-drawn; historic; tradition-al, -ary; legendary; anecdotic, storied; described &c. v. Phr. furor scribendi. 595. Dissertation. — N. dissertation, treatise, essay; thesis, theme; tract, -ate, -ation; discourse, memoir, disquisition, lecture, sermon, homily, pandect; excursus. 181 595 — 598 INTELLECT IV. (II) m commentary, review, critique, criticism, article; lead-er, -ing article; edi- torial; running commentary. investigation &c. (inquiry) 461; study &c. (consideration) 451; discussion &c. (reasoning) 476; exposition &c. (explanation) 522. commentator, critic, essayist, pamphleteer. V. dissert -, descant -, write -, touch- upon a subject; treat of -, take up -, ventilate -, discuss -, deal with -, go into - canvass -, handle -, do justice to- a subject. Adj. dis-cursive, -coursive; disquisitionary; expository. 596. Compendium. — N. compend, -ium; abstract, precis, epitome, mul- tum in parvo, analysis, pandect, digest, sum and substance, brief, abridgment, summary, apercu, draft, minute, note; excerpt; synopsis, textbook, conspectus, outlines, syllabus, contents, heads, prospectus. album; scrap -, note -, memorandum -, commonplace- book; extracts, ex- cerpta, cuttings; fugitive -pieces, - writings; spicilegium, flowers, anthology, collectanea, analecta; compilation. recapitulation, resume, review. abbrevia-tion, -ture; contraction; shortening &c. 201; compression &c. 195. V. abridge, abstract, epitomize, summarize; make -, prepare -, draw-, com- pile- an abstract &c. n. recapitulate, review, skim, run over, sum up. abbreviate &c. (shorten) 201; condense &c. (compress) 195; compile &c. (col- lect) 72. Adj. compendious, synoptic, analectic; abrege, abridged &c. v.; variorum. Adv. in -short, - epitome, - substance, - few words. Phr. it lies in a nutshell. 598. Prose. — N. prose, - writer, pros-aicism, -aism, -aist, -er. V. prose. write -prose, - in prose. Adj. pros-al, -y, -aic; unpoetical. rhymeless, unrhymed, in prose, not in verse. 597. Poetry. — N. poetry, poetics, poesy, Muse, Calliope, tuneful Nine, Parnassus, Helicon, Pierides, Pierian spring. versification, rhyming, making verses; prosody, orthometry. poem; epic, - poem; epopee, epopoea, ode, epode, idyl, lyric, eclogue, pastoral, bucolic, dithyramb, anacreontic, sonnet, roundelay, rondeau, rondo, mad- rigal, canzonet, cento, monody, elegy; amcebieum, ghazal, palinode. dramatic -, lyric- poetry; opera; posy, anthology; disjecta membra poetos. song, ballad, lay; love- drinking- war-, sea- song; lullaby; music &c. 415; nursery rhymes. [Bad poetry] doggerel, Hudibrastic verse, prose run mad; macaronics; maca- ronic -, leonine- verse; runes. canto, stanza, distich, verse, line, couplet, triplet, quatrain; strophe, antis- trophe. verse, rhyme, assonance, crambo, meter, measure, foot, numbers, strain, rhythm; accentuation &c. (voice) 580; dactyl, spondee, trochee, anapest&c; hex-, pent-ameter; Alexandrine; anacrusis, antispast, blank verse, ictus. elegiacs &c. adj.; elegiac &c. adj. -verse, - meter, - poetry. poet, - laureate; laureate; bard, lyrist, scald, skald, troubadour, trouvere; minstrel; minne-, meister-singer ; improvisator e; versifier, sonneteer; rhym-er, -ist, -ester; ballad monger, runer; poetaster; genus irritabile vatum. V. poetize, sing, versify, make verses, rhyme, scan. Adj. poetic, -al; lyric, -al; tuneful; epic; ditbyrambic &c. n.; metrical; a-, catalectic; elegiac, iambic, trochaic, anapestic; amcebseic, Melibean, skaldic; Ionic, Sapphic, Alcaic, Pindaric. Phr. " a poem round and perfect as a star " [Alex. Smith]; Dichtimg und Wahrheit; furor poeticus; " his virtues formed the magic of his song " [Hayley]; " I do but sing because I 182 IV. (II) in COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS 597 — 599 must " [Tennyson]; " I learnt life from the poets " [de Stael]; licentia vatum; mutum est victura poema; " O for a muse of fire! " [Henry V]; " sweet food of sweetly uttered knowl- edge " [Sidney]; "the true poem is the poet's mind " [Emerson]; Volk tier Dichter und Denker; " wisdom married to immortal verse " [Wordsworth]. 599. The Drama. — N. the -drama, - stage, - theater, - play; theatricals, dramaturgy, histrionic art, buskin, sock, cothurnus, Melpomene and Thalia, Thespis. play, drama, stageplay, piece, five-act play, tragedy, comedy, opera, vaude- ville, comedietta, lever de rideau, interlude, afterpiece, exode, farce, divertisse- ment, extravaganza, burletta, harlequinade, pantomime, burlesque, opera bouffc, ballet, spectacle, masque, drame, comedie drame; melo-drama, -drame; comedie larmoyante, sensation drama; tragi-, farcical-comedy; mono-drame, -logue; duologue; trilogy; charade, proverbe; mystery, miracle play. act, scene,»tableau; in-, intro-duction; pro-, epi-logue; libretto. performance, representation, mise en scene, stagery, jeu de theatre; acting; gesture &c. 550; impersonation &c. 554; stage business, gag, buffoonery. theater; play-, opera-house; house; music hall; amphitheater, circus, hippo- drome; puppet show, fantoccini; marionettes, Punch and Judy. auditory, auditorium, front of the house, stalls, boxes, pit, gallery, parquet; greenroom, coulisses. flat; drop, - scene; wing, screen, side scene; transformation scene, curtain, act drop; proscenium. stage, scene, the boards; trap, mezzanine floor; flies; floats, footlights; or- chestra. theatrical -costume, - properties. part, role, character, dramatis personal; repertoire. actor, player; stage -, strolling- player; stager, performer; mime, -r; artiste; com-, trag-edian; tragedienne, Thespian, Roscius, star; ham *, -fatter *; masker. pantomimist, clown, harlequin, buffo, buffoon, farceur, grimacer, pantaloon, columbine; punch, -inello; pulcinell-o, -a; mute, figurante, general utility; super, -numerary. mummer, guiser, guisard, gysart f, masque. mountebank, Jack Pudding; tumbler, posture master, acrobat; contortion- ist; ballet -dancer, - girl; chorus singer; coryphee, danseuse. company; first tragedian, prima donna, protagonist ; jeune premier; debutant, -e; light -, genteel -, low- -comedy, - comedian; walking gentleman, amoroso, heavy father, ingenue, jeune veuve. property man, costumier, machinist; prompter, call boy; manager; stage -, acting- manager; entrepreneur, impresario. dramatic -author, - writer; play-writer, -wright; dramatist, mimographer. V. act, play, perform; put on the stage; personate &c. 554; mimic &c. (imi- tate) 19; enact; play -, act -, go through -, perform- a part; rehearse, spout, gag, rant; " strut and fret one's hour upon a stage "; tread the -stage, - boards; come out; star it. Adj. dramatic; theatric, -al; scenic, histrionic, comic, tragic, buskined, far- cical, tragi-comic, melodramatic, operatic; stagy. Adv. on the -stage, - boards; before -the floats, - an audience; behind the scenes. Phr. fere totus mundus exercet histrionem [Petronius Arbiter]; " suit the action to the word, the word to the action " [Hamlet]; " the play's the thing " [Hamlet]; " to wake the soul by tender strokes of art " [Pope]. 183 600 — 601 VOLITION V. (I) i CLASS V Words relating to THE VOLUNTARY POWERS > Division (I) INDIVIDUAL VOLITION Section I. Volition in general • 1. Acts of Volition 600. Will. — N. will, volition, co- nation, 2 velleity; liberum arbitrium; will and pleasure, free will; freedom &c. 748; discretion; option &c. (choice) 609; vol- untariness; spontane-ity, -ousness; orig- inality. pleasure, wish, mind; desire; frame of mind &c. (inclination) 602; intention &c. 620; predetermination &c. 611; self- control &c. determination &c. (resolu- tion) 604; force of will. V. will, list; see -, think- fit; deter- mine &c. (resolve) 604; enjoin; settle &c. (choose) 609 ; volunteer. have a will of one's own; do what one chooses &c. (freedom) 748; have it all one's own way; have one's -will, - own way. use -, exercise- one's discretion; take -upon oneself, - one's own course, - the law into one's own hands; do -of one's own accord, - upon one's own authority; originate &c. (cause) 153. Ad j . voluntary, volitional, willful ; free &c. 748; optional; discretion-al, -ary; volitient, volitive. minded &c. (willing) 602; prepense &c. (predetermined) 611; intended &c. 620; autocratic; unbidden &c. (bid &c. 741); spontaneous; original &c. (causal) 153; unconstrained. Adv. voluntarily &c. adj.; at -will, - pleasure; a -volonte, — discretion; al piacere; ad -libitum, - arbitrium; as -one thinks proper, - it seems good to ; a bene- placito. of one's own -accord, - free will; proprio -, suo -, ex mero- motu; out of 601. Necessity. — N. involuntari- ness; instinct, blind impulse; inborn -, innate- proclivity; native -, natural- tendency; natural impulse, predetermi- nation. necessi-ty, -tation; obligation; com- pulsion &c. 744; subjection &c. 749; stern -, hard -, dire -, imperious -, inex- orable -, iron -, adverse- -necessity, - fate; aray/07, what must be. desti-ny, -nation; fatality, fate, kis- met, doom, foredoom, election, predes- tination; pre-, fore-ordination; lot, for- tune; fatalism; inevitableness &c. adj.; spell &c. 993. star, -s; planet, -s; astral influence; sky, Fates, Parcse, Sisters three, book of fate; God's will, will of Heaven; wheel of Fortune, Ides of March, Hobson's choice. last -shift, - resort; dernier ressort; pis alter &c. (substitute) 147; necessaries &c. (requirement) 630. necess-arian, -itarian; fatalist; autom- aton. V. lie under a necessity; be -fated, - doomed, - destined &c, - in for, - under the necessity of; have no -choice, - al- ternative; be one's -fate &c. n.- to; be -pushed to the wall, - driven into a cor- ner, - unable to help. destine, doom, foredoom, devote; pre- destine, -ordain; cast a spell &c. 992; necessitate; compel &c. 744. Adj. necessary; needful &c. (requi- site) 630. fated; destined &c. v.; elect; spell- bound. 1 Conative powers or faculties as distinguished from cognition and feeling (Hamilton). 2 Hamilton. 184 V. (I) i INDIVIDUAL VOLITION 600 — 603 one's own head; by choice &c. 609; pur- compulsory &c. (compel) 744; uncon- posely &c. (intentionally) 620; delib- trollable, inevitable, unavoidable, irre- erately &c. 611. sistible, irrevocable, inexorable; avoid-, Phr. stet pro ratione voluntas; sic volo sic resist-less. jubeo; a vostro beneplacito; beneficium accipere involuntary, instinctive, automatic, libertatemestvendere;Deusvult;wasmannicht bHnd mec hanical; un-conscious, -wit- kann meiden muss man williq leiden. ,. ' , . , . '. , .. , D > , 7 ting, -thinking; unintentional &c. (unde- — signed) 621; impulsive &c. 612. Adv. necessarily &c. adv.; of -necessity, - course; ex necessitate rei; needs must; perforce &c. 744; nolens volens; will he nil he, willy nilly, bon gre mat gre, willing or unwilling, coute que coute. faute de mieux; by stress of; if need be. Phr. it cannot be helped; there is no -help for, - helping- it; it -will, - must, - must needs- be, - be so, - have its way; the die is cast; jacta est alea; che sara sard; " it is written "; one's- days are numbered, - fate is sealed; Fata obstant; diis aliter visum; actum me invito factus, non est ?neus actus; aujourd'hui roi demain rien; quisque suos patimur manes [Vergil]. 602. Willingness. — N. willingness, voluntariness &c. adj.) willing mind, heart. disposition, inclination, leaning, ani- mus; frame of mind, humor, mood, vein; bent &c. (turn of mind) 820; penchant &c. (desire) 865; aptitude &c. 698. doc-ility, -ibleness; persuasi-bleness, -bility; pliability &c. (softness) 324. geniality, cordiality; goodwill; alac- rity, readiness, earnestness, forward- ness; eagerness &c. (desire) 865. assent 7 -tiferous; wholesome; health-y, -ful; sanitary, prophylactic, benign, bracing, tonic, in- vigorating, good for, nutritious; hyg- eian, -ienic. in-noxious, -nocuous, -nocent; harm- less, uninjurious, uninfectious. sanative &c. (remedial) 662; restor- ative &c. (reinstate) 660; useful &c. 644. 658. Improvement. — N. improve- ment; a-, melioration; betterment; mend, amendment, emendation; mend- ing &c. v. ; advancement; advance &c. (progress) 282; ascent &c. 305; promo- tion, preferment; elevation &c. 307; increase &c. 35; cultiv-, civiliz-ation; culture, march of intellect; menticul- ture; race-culture, eugenics. reform, -ation; revision, radical re- form; second thoughts, correction, lima; labor, refinement, elaboration; purifica- tion &c. 652; oxidation; repair &c. (res- toration) 660; recovery &c. 660. revise, new edition. reformer, radical. V. improve; be -, become -, get- bet- ter; mend, amend. advance &c. (progress) 282; ascend &c. 305; increase &c. 35; fructify, ripen, mature; pick up, come about, rally, take a favorable turn; turn -over a new leaf, - the corner; raise one's head, sow one's wild oats; recover &c. 660. be -better &c. adj., - improved by; turn to -right, - good, - best- account; profit by, reap the benefit of; make -good use of, - capital out of; place to good account. render better, improve, mend, amend, 657. Insalubrity. — N. insalubrity; unhealthiness &c. adj.; nonnaturals; plague spot; malaria &c. (poison) 663; death in the pot, contagion; toxicity. Adj. insalubrious; un-healthy, -whole- some; noxious, noisome; morbi-fic, -ferous; mephitic, septic, azotic, dele- terious; pesti-lent, -ferous, -lential; virulent, venomous, envenomed, poison- ous, toxic, toxiferous, narcotic. contagious, infectious, catching, tak- ing, epidemic, zymotic; epizootic. innutritious, indigestible, ungenial; uncongenial &c. (disagreeing) 24. deadly &c. (killing) 361. 659. Deterioration. — N. deteriora- tion, debasement; wane, ebb; recession &c. 287; retrogradation &c. 283; de- crease &c. 36. degenera-cy, -tion, -teness; degrada- tion; deprav-ation, -ement; devolution; depravity &c. 945; demoralization, re- trogression; masochism. impairment, inquination f, injury, damage, loss, detriment, delaceration |, outrage, havoc, inroad, ravage, scath; perversion, prostitution, vitiation, dis- coloration, oxidation, pollution, defceda- tion f, poisoning, venenation f, leaven, contamination, canker, corruption, adul- teration, alloy. decl-ine, -ension, -ination ; decaden-ce, -cy; falling off &c. v.; caducity, decrepi- tude. decay, dilapidation, ravages of time, wear and tear; cor-, e-rosion; moldi-, rotten-ness; moth and rust, dry rot, blight, marasmus, atrophy, collapse; disorganization; delabrement &c. (de- struction) 162; aphid, Aphis, plant louse, puceron; vine-fretter, -grub. wreck, mere wreck, honeycomb, ?nag- ni nominis umbra; jade, plug, racka- bones [U. S.], skate [U. S.j; tack-ey, -y [u. si 209 658 — 659 VOLITION V.(I)n better; a-, meliorate; correct; decras- sify. improve -, refine- upon; rectify; en- rich, mellow, elaborate, fatten. promote, cultivate, advance, forward, enhance; bring -forward, - on; foster &c. 707; invigorate &c. (strengthen) 159. touch -, rub -, brush -, furbish -, bolster -, vamp -, brighten -, warm- up ; polish, cook, make the most of, set off to advantage; prune; repair &c. (restore) 660; put in order &c. (arrange) 60. review, revise; make -corrections, - improvements &c. n.; doctor &c. (rem- edy) 662; purify &c. 652. relieve, refresh, infuse new blood into, recruit. re-form, -model, -organize; new mod- el. view in a new light, think better of, appeal from Philip drunk to Philip sober. palliate, mitigate; lessen &c. 36- an evil. Adj. improving &c. v.) progressive, improved &c. v.; better, - off, - for; all the better for; better advised. reform-, emend-atory; reparatory &c. (restorative) 660; remedial &c. 662. corrigible, improvable; accultural. Adv. on -consideration, - reconsidera- tion, - second thoughts, - better advice; ad melius inquirendum. Phr. urbem latericiam invenit marmoream reliquit. V. be -, become — worse, - deterio- rated &e. adj.; have seen better days, deteriorate, degenerate, fall off; wane &c. (decrease) 36; ebb; retrograde &c. 283; decline, droop; go down &c. (sink) 306; go -downhill, - on from bad to worse, - farther and fare worse; jump out of the frying pan into the fire. run to -seed, - waste; swale f, sweal f; lapse, be the worse for; sphacelate; break, - down; spring a leak, crack, start; shrivel &c. (contract) 195; fade, go off, wither, molder, rot, rankle, decay, go bad; go to -, fall into- decay; " fall into the sear and yellow leaf," rust, crumble, shake; totter, - to its fall; per- ish &c. 162; die &c. 360. [Render less good] deteriorate; weak- en &c. 160; put back; taint, infect, con- taminate, poison, empoison, envenom, canker, corrupt, exulcerate f, pollute, vitiate, inquinate f; de-, em-base f; de- naturalize, leaven; de-flower, -bauch, -file, -prave, -grade; ulcerate; stain &c. (dirt) 653; discolor; alloy, adulterate, sophisticate, tamper with, prejudice. pervert, prostitute, demoralize, bru- talize; render vicious &c. 945. embitter, acerbate, aggravate, injure, impair, labefy, damage, harm, hurt, shend, scath, spoil, mar, despoil, dilapidate, waste; overrun; ravage; pil- lage &c. 791. wound, stab, pierce, maim, lame, sur- bate f, cripple, hough, hamstring, hit be- tween wind and water, scotch, mangle, mutilate, disfigure, blemish, deface, warp. blight, rot; cor-, e-rode; wear -away, - out; gnaw, - at the root of; sap, mine, undermine, shake, sap the foundations of, break up; dis-organize, -man- tle, -mast; destroy &c. 162. damnify &c. (aggrieve) 649; do one's worst; knock down; deal a blow to; play -havoc, - sad havoc, - the mischief, - the deuce, - the very devil- -with, - among; decimate. Adj. unimproved &c. (improve &c. 658); deteriorated &c. v.; altered, - for the worse; injured &c. v.; sprung; withering, spoiling &c. v.; on the -wane, - decline; tabid; degenerate; marescent; worse; the -, all the- worse for; out of -repair, - tune; imperfect &c. 651; the worse for wear; battered; weath- er-ed, -beaten; stale, passe, shaken, dilapidated, frayed, faded, wilted, shabby, secondhand, threadbare; worn, - to- -a thread, - a shadow, - the stump, - rags; reduced, - to a skeleton; far gone; tacky [U. S.]. decayed &c. v.; moth-, worm-eaten; mildewed, rusty, moldy, spotted, seedy, time-worn, moss-grown; discolored; effete, wasted, crumbling, mold- ering, rotten, cankered, blighted, tainted; depraved &c. (vicious) 945; de- crep-id, -it; broken down; done, - for, - up; worn out, used up; fit for the -dust hole, - waste-paper basket; past work &c. (useless) 645. at a low ebb, in a bad way, on one's last legs; undermined, deciduous; nodding to its fall &c. (destruction) 162; tottering &c. (dangerous) 665; past 210 V. (I) ii SUBSERVIENCE TO ENDS 659 — 663 cure &c. (hopeless) 859; fatigued &c. 688; retrograde &c. (retrogressive) 283; deleterious &c. 649. Phr. out of the frying pan into the fire; cegrescit medendo; " what a falling off was there! " [Hamlet]. 661. Relapse. — N. relapse, lapse; falling back &c. v.; retrogradation &c. (retrogression) 283; deterioration &c. 659. [Return to, or recurrence of a bad state] backsliding, recidivationf; recidiv- ism, -ity; recrudescence. V. relapse, lapse; fall -, slide -, sink- back; return; retrograde &c. 283; recid- ivate; fall off &c. 659- again. 660. Restoration. — N. restor-ation, -al; re-instatement, -placement, -habili- tation, -establishment, -constitution, -construction; reproduction &c. 163; re- novation, -newal; reviv-al, -escence, -iscence; refreshment &c. 689; re-susci- tation, -animation, -vivification, -vic- tion f; Phenix; reorganization. renaissance, second youth, rejuvenes- cence, new birth; regenera-tion, -cy, -teness; palingenesis, reconversion. redress, retrieval, reclamation, recovery; convalescence; resumption, re- sumption; sanativeness. recurrence &c. (repetition) 104; rechauffe, rifacimento. cure, recure f, sanation f; healing &c. v.; redintegration; rectification; in- stauration. repair, reparation; recruiting &c. v. ; cicatrization; disinfection; tinkering. reaction; redemption &c. (deliverance) 672; restitution &c. 790; relief &c. 834. tinker, cobbler; vis medicatrix &c. (remedy) 662. curableness. V. return to the original state; recover, rally, revive; come -to, - round, - to oneself; pull through, weather the storm, be oneself again; get -well, - round, - the better of, - over, - about; rise from -one's ashes, - the grave; sur- vive &c. (outlive) 110; resume, reappear; come to, - life again; live -, rise- again. heal, skin over, cicatrize; right itself. restore, put back, place in statu quo; re-instate, -place, -seat, -habilitate, -establish, -estate, -install. re-construct, -build, -organize, -constitute; reconvert; re-new, -novate; regenerate; rejuvenate. re-deem, -claim, -cover, -trieve; rescue &c. (deliver) 672. redress, recure; cure, heal, remedy, doctor, physic, medicate; break of; bring round, set on one's legs. re-suscitate, -vive, -animate, -vivify, -call to life; reproduce &c. 163; warm up; reinvigorate, refresh &c. 689. redintegrate, make whole; recoup &c. 790; make -good, - all square; rectify; put -, set- -right, - to rights, - straight; set up, correct; put in order &c. (ar- range) 60; refit, recruit; fill up, - the ranks; reinforce. repair; put in -repair, - thorough repair, - complete repair; retouch, botch, vamp, tinker, cobble; do -, patch, - plaster -, vamp- up; darn, finedraw, heelpiece; stop a gap, stanch, staunch, caulk, calk, careen, splice, bind up wounds. Adj. restored &c. v.; redivivus, convalescent; in a fair way; none the worse; rejuvenated. restoring &c. v.; restorative, recuperative; sana-, repara-tive, -tory; cura- tive, remedial. restor-, recover-, san-, remedi-, retriev-, cur-able. Adv. in statu quo; as you were. Phr. revenons a nos moutons; medecin, gueris-loi loi-meme; vestigia nulla retrorsum [Horace]. 662. Remedy. — N. remedy, help, re- I 663. Bane. — N. bane, curse; evil dress; anthelmintic; anti-febrile, -poi- l &c. 619; hurtfulness &c. (badness) 649; 211 662 — 663 VOLITION V. (I) n painfulness &c. (cause of pain) 830; scourge &c. (punishment) 975; damnosa hereditas; white elephant. sting, fang, thorn, tang, bramble, brier, nettle. poison, leaven, virus, venom; arsenic, Prussic acid, antimony, tartar emetic, strychnine, nicotine; miasm, mephitis, malaria, azote, sewer gas; pest. Albany hemp, arsenious -oxide, - acid; bichloride of mercury; carbonic acid, - gas; choke damp, corrosive sublimate, fire damp; hydrocyan-ic acid, -ide; marsh gas, nux vomica, ratsbane. rust, worm, helminth, moth, moth and rust, fungus, mildew; dry rot; canker, -worm; cancer; torpedo; viper &c. (evil doer) 913; demon &c. 980. hemlock, hellebore, nightshade, bella- donna, henbane, aconite; banewort, bhang, ganja, hashish; Upas tree. [Science of poisons] toxicology. Adj. baneful &c. (bad) 649; poisonous &c. (unwholesome) 657. Phr. bibere venenum in auro. son, -spasmodic; bracer, faith cure, helminthagogue, lithagogue, pick-me- up, stimulant, tonic, vermifuge, anti- dote, counterpoison, prophylactic, an- tiseptic, corrective, restorative; sedative &c. 174; palliative; febrifuge; alter-ant, -ative; specific; emetic, carminative; Nepenthe, Mithridate. cure; radical -, perfect -, certain- cure ; sovereign remedy. physic, medicine, Galenicals, simples, drug, potion, draught, dose, pill, bolus, electuary; linct-us, -ure; medicament; pharmacon. nostrum, receipt, recipe, prescription; catholicon, panacea, elixir, elixir vitce, philosopher's stone; balm, balsam, cor- dial, theriac, ptisan. agueweed, arnica, benzoin, bitartrate of potash, boneset, calomel, catnip, cin- chona, cream of tartar, Epsom salts; fe- ver-root, -wort; friar's balsam, Indian sage; ipecac, -uanha; jonquil, mercu- rous chloride, Peruvian bark; quin-ine, -quina; sassafras, yarrow. salve, ointment, cerate, oil, lenitive, lotion, cosmetic; plaster; epithem, embrocation, liniment, cataplasm, sina- pism, arquebusade, traumatic, vulnerary, pepastic, poultice, collyrium, de- pilatory; emplastrum; eyewater, vesicatory. compress, pledget; bandage &c. (support) 215. treatment, medical treatment, regimen; diet-ary, -etics; vis medicatrix, - naturce; medecine expectante; bloodletting, bleeding, venesection, phlebotomy, cupping, sanguisuge, leeches; operation, surgical operation. pharma-cy, -cology, -ceutics; acology, Materia Medica, therapeutics, posology; home-, all-, heter-, oste-, hydr-opathy; cold water cure; dietetics; sur-, chirur-gery; healing art, leechcraft; ortho-pedy, -praxy; dentistry, midwifery, obstetrics; tocology; pharmacopoeia; sarcology. hospital, infirmary; pest-, lazar-house; lazaretto; lock hospital; maison de sante; ambulance; dispensary; dispensatory, drug store, Hotel des Invalides; sanatarium, spa, pump room, well ; hospice ; Red Cross. doctor, physician, surgeon; medical - general- practitioner ; medical at- tendant, apothecary, druggist; leech; osteopath, -ist; yEsculapius, Hip- pocrates, Galen; accoucheur, accoucheuse, midwife, oculist, aurist; operator; nurse, monthly nurse, sister; dresser; bonesetter; pharma-ceutist, -cist, -copolist. V. apply a -remedy &c. n. ; doctor, dose, physic, nurse, minister to, attend, dress the wounds, plaster; prevent &c. 706; relieve &c. 834; pal- liate &c. 658; restore &c. 660; drench with physic; bleed, cup, let blood; manicure. Adj. remedial; restorative &c. 660; corrective, palliative, healing; sana- tory, -tive; prophylactic; salutiferous &c. (salutary) 656; medic-al, -inal; therapeutic, chirurgical, epulotic f, paregoric, tonic, corroborant, analeptic, balsamic, anodyne, hypnotic, neurotic, narcotic, sedative, lenitive, demulcent, emollient; depuratory; deter-sive, -gent; abstersive, disinfectant, febrifugal, alterative; traumatic, vulnerary. all-, heter-, home-, hydr-opathic; anthelmintic; anti-febile, -luetic; aperi- ent, chalybeate, deobstruent, depurative, laxative, roborant. 212 V. (I) ii SUBSERVIENCE TO ENDS 662 — 665 dietetic, alimentary; nutrit-ious, -ive; peptic; alexi-pharmic, -teric; rem- edi-, cur-able. Phr. aux grands maux les grands remedes; Dios que da la llaga da la medicina; para lodo hay remedio sino para la muerte; temporis ars medicina fere est [Ovid]; " the remedy is worse than the disease " [Dryden]; " throw physic to the dogs, I'll none of it " [Macbeth]. 3. Contingent Subservience 664. Safety. — N. safety, security, surety, impregnability; invulnera-bility, -bleness &c. adj.; danger -past, - over; storm blown over; coast clear; escape &c. 671 ; means of escape; blow-, safety-, snifting-valve; safeguard, palladium. guardian-, ward-, warden-ship; tute- lage, custody, safe-keeping; preservation &c. 670; protection, auspices. safe-conduct; escort, convoy; guard, shield &c. {defense) 717; guardian angel; tutelary -god, - deity, - saint; genius loci. protector, guardian; ward-en, -er; preserver, custodian, duenna, chaperon, third person. watch-, ban-dog; Cerberus; watch-, patrol-, police-man; cop*, peeler, zarp; sentinel, sentry, scout &c. {warning) 668; garrison; guardship. [Means of safety] refuge &c. anchor &c. 666; precaution &c. {preparation) 673; quarantine, cordon sanitaire. [Sense of security] confidence &c. 858. V. be -safe &c. adj.; keep one's head above water, tide over, save one's bacon; ride out -, weather- the storm; light upon one's feet; bear a charmed life; escape &c. 671. make -, render- -safe &c. adj.; pro- tect; take care of &c. {care) 459; pre- serve &c. 670; cover, screen, shelter, shroud, flank, ward; guard &c. {defend) 717; secure &c. {restrain) 751; intrench, fence round &c. {circumscribe) 229; house, nestle, ensconce; take charge of. escort, convoy; garrison; watch, mount guard, patrol. make assurance doubly sure &c. {cau- tion) 864; take up a loose thread; take precautions &c. {prepare for) 673; double reef topsails. seek safety; take -, find- shelter &c. 666. Adj. safe, secure, sure; in -safety, - security; on the safe side; under the -shield of, - shade of, - wing of, - shad- ow of one's wing; under -cover, - lock and key; out of -danger, - the meshes, 665. Danger. — N. danger, peril, in- security, jeopardy, risk, hazard, ven- ture, precariousness, slipperiness; in- stability &c. 149; defenselessness &c. adj. exposure &c. {liability) 177; vulner- ability; vulnerable point, heel of Achil- les; forlorn hope &c. {hopelessness) 859. [Dangerous course] leap in the dark &c. {rashness) 863; road to ruin, facilis descensus Averni [Vergil], hairbreadth escape. cause for alarm; source of danger &c. 667. [Approach of danger] rock -, breakers- ahead; storm brewing; clouds -in the horizon, - gathering; warning &c. 668; alarm &c. 669. [Sense of dan- ger] apprehension &c. 860. V. be -in danger &c. adj. ; be exposed to -, run into -, incur -, encounter- -danger &c. n.; run a risk; lay oneself open to &c. {liability) 177; lean on -, trust to- a broken reed; feel the ground sliding from under one, have to run for it ; have the -chances, - odds- against one. hang by a thread, totter; sleep -, stand- on a volcano; sit on a barrel of gunpowder, live in a glass house. bring -, place -, put- in -danger &c. n.; endanger, expose to danger, imperil; jeopard, -ize; compromise; sail too near the wind &c. {rash) 863. adventure, risk, hazard, venture > stake, set at hazard; run the gauntlet &c. {dare) 861; engage in a forlorn hope. threaten &c. 909- danger; run one hard; lay a trap for &c. {deceive) 545. Adj. in -danger &c. n.; endangered &c. v.; fraught with danger; danger-, hazard-, peril-, pari-, pericul-ous f; un- safe, unprotected &c. (safe, protect &c. 664); insecure, untrustworthy; built up- on sand, on a sandy basis; wild-cat. defense-, fence-, guard-, harbor-less; unshielded; vulnerable, expugnable, ex- posed; open to &c. {liable) 177. aux abois, at bay; on -the wrong side of the wall, - a lee shore, - the rocks. at stake, in question; precarious, crit- ical, ticklish; slip-pery, -py; hanging 213 664 — 668 VOLITION V. (I) ii - harm's way; on sure ground, at anchor, high and dry, above water; un-threat- ened, -molested; protected &c. v.; ca- vendo tutus; panoplied &c. {defended) 717. snug, seaworthy; weather-, water-, fire-proof. defensible, tenable, proof against, in- vulnerable; un-assailable, -attackable; im-pregnable, -perdible f; inexpugnable; Achillean. safe and sound &c. {preserved) 670; harmless; scathless &c. {-perfect) 650; unhazarded; not -dangerous &c. 665. protecting &c. v.; guardian, tutelary; preservative &c. 670; trustworthy &c. 939. Adv. ex abundanti cauteld; with im- punity. Phr. all's well; salva res est; suave mari magno; a couvert; e terra alterius spectare labo- rem [Lucretius]; Dieu vous garde. 666. [Means of safety.] Refuge. — N. refuge, sanctuary, retreat, fastness; acropolis; keep, last resort; ward; prison &c. 752; asylum, ark, home, refuge for the destitute; almshouse; hiding place &c. {ambush) 530; sanctum sanctorum &c. {privacy) 893. roadstead, anchorage; breakwater, mole, port, haven; harbor, - of ref- uge; seaport; pier, jetty, embankment, quay. covert, shelter, screen, lee wall, wing, shield, umbrella; dashboard, dasher [U. S.]. wall &c. {inclosure) 232; fort &c. {de- fense) 717. anchor, kedge; grap-nel, -pling iron; sheet anchor, killick; mainstay; sup- port &c. 215; check &c. 706; ballast. jury mast; vent-peg; safety -valve, - lamp; lightning conductor. means of escape &c. {escape) 671; lifeboat, swimming belt, cork jacket; parachute, plank, steppingstone. safeguard &c. {protection) 664. V. seek -, take -, find- refuge &c. n.; seek -, find- safety &c. 664; throw oneself into the arms of; break for taller timber [U. S.]. Phr. bibere venerium in auro; valet anchora virtus. 668. Warning. — N. warning, caution, caveat; notice &c. {information) 527; premoni-tion, -shment; prediction &c. 511; contraindication, lesson, de- notation; admonition, monition; alarm &c. 669. handwriting on the wall, tekel upharsin, yellow flag; fog-signal, -horn; siren; monitor, warning voice, Cassandra, signs of the times, Mother Cary's chickens, 214 by a thread &c. v.; with a halter round one's neck; between -the hammer and the anvil, - Scylla and Charybdis, - two fires; on the -edge, - brink, - verge of a- -precipice, - volcano; in the lion's den, on slippery ground, under fire; not out of the wood. un-warned, -admonished, -advised ; unprepared &c. 674; off one's guard &c. {inexpectant) 508. tottering; un-stable, -steady; shaky, top-heavy, tumble-down, ramshackle, crumbling, water-logged; help-, guide- less; in a bad way; reduced to -, at- the last extremity; trembling in the balance; nodding to its fall &c. {destruction) 162. threatening &c. 909; ominous, ill- omened; alarming &c. (fear) 860; ex- plosive. adventurous &c. {rash) 863, {bold) 861. Phr. incidit in Scyllam qui vult vitare Cha- rybdim; nam tua res agitur paries dum prox' imus ardet. 667. [Source of danger.] Pitfall. — N. rocks, reefs, coral reef, sunken rocks, snags; sands, quicksands; syrt, -is; Goodwin sands, sandy foundation; slip- pery ground; breakers, shoals, shallows, bank, shelf, flat, lee shore, ironbound coast; rock -, breakers- ahead. precipice; maelstrom, volcano; am- bush &c. 530; pitfall, trapdoor; trap &c. {snare) 545. sword of Damocles; wolf at the door, snake in the grass, death in the pot; latency &c. 526. ugly customer, dangerous person, le chat qui dort; firebrand, hornet's nest. Phr. laiet anguis in herbd [Vergil] ; proximus ardet Ucalegon [Vergil]. V. (I) ii SUBSERVIENCE TO ENDS 668 — 671 stormy petrel, bird of ill omen, gathering clouds, clouds in the horizon, death watch. watchtower, beacon, signal post; lighthouse &c. (indication of locality) 550. sent-inel, -ry; watch, -man; watch and ward; watch-, ban-, house-dog; patrol, vedette, picket, bivouac, scout, spy, spial; advanced -, rear- guard; lookout. cautiousness &c. 864. V. warn, caution; fore-, pre-warn; ad-, pre-monish; give notice, - warning; dehort; menace &c. (threaten) 09; put on one's guard; sound the alarm &c. 609; croak. beware, ware; take -warning, - heed at one's peril; keep watch and ward &c. (care) 459. Adj. warning &c. v. ; premonitory, monitory, cautionary; admoni-tory, -tive; sematic. warned &c. v. ; on one's guard &c. (careful) 459, (cautious) 864. Adv. in terrorem &c. (threat) 909. Int. beware! ware! take care! mind -, take care- what you are about! mind! Phr. ne reveillez pas le chat qui dort; foenum habet in cornu; caveat actor; le silence du peuple est la lecon des rois; verbum sat sapienti; un averti en vaut deux. 669. [Indication of danger.] Alarm. — N. alarm; alarum, larum, alarm bell, tocsin, alerte, beat of drum, sound of trumpet, note of alarm, hue and cry, fire cross, signal of distress; blue lights; war-cry, -whoop; warning &c. 668; fog- signal, -horn; yellow flag; danger signal; red -light, - flag; fire bell; police whistle. false alarm, cry of wolf; bug-bear, -aboo. V. give -, raise -, sound -, turn in -, beat- the or an -alarm &c. n.; alarm; warn &c. 668; ring the tocsin; battre la generate; cry wolf. Adj. alarming &c. v. Int. sauve qui pent! qui vivef 670. Preservation. — N. preservation; safe-keeping; conservation &c. (storage) 636; maintenance, support, sustentation, conservatism; vis conserva- trix; salvation &c. (deliverance) 672. [Means of preservation] prophylaxis; preserv-er, -ative; hygi-astics, -antics; cover, drugget; cordon sanitaire; canning; ensilage; tinned -, canned- goods. [Superstitious remedies] charm &c. 996. V. preserve, maintain, keep, sustain, support; keep -up, - alive; not willingly let die; bank up; nurse; save, rescue; be -, make- -safe &c. 664; take care of &c. (care) 459; guard &e. (defend) 717. stare super antiquas vias [Bacon]; hold one's own; hold - stand- -one's ground &c. (resist) 719. embalm, dry, cure, salt, pickle, season, kyanize, bottle, pot, tin, can; hus- band &c. (store) 636. Adj. preserving &c. v.; conservative; prophylactic; preserva-tory, -tive; hygienic. preserved &c. v.; un-impaired, -broken, -injured, -hurt, -singed, marred; safe, - and sound; intact, with a whole skin. Phr. nolumus leges Anglice mutari. 671. Escape. — N. escape, scape; avolation f, elopement, flight; evasion &c. (avoidance) 623; retreat; narrow -, hairbreadth- escape; close call; come off, impunity. [Means of escape] loophole &c. (opening) 260; path &c. 627; refuge &c. 666; vent, - peg; safety valve; drawbridge, fire escape, reprieve &c. (deliverance) 672; liberation &c. 750. refugee &c. (fugitive) 623. V. escape, scape; make -, effect -, make good- one's escape; break jail; get 215 671 — 674 VOLITION V. (I) ii -off, - clear off, - well out of; echapper belle, save one's bacon; weather the storm &c. (safe) 664; escape scot-free. elude &c, make off etc. (avoid) 623; march off &c. (go away) 293; give one the slip; slip through the -hands, - fingers; slip the collar, wriggle out of; break -loose, - from prison; break -, slip -, get- away; find -vent, - a hole to creep out of. Adj. escap-ing, -ed &c. v.; stolen away, fled. Phr. the bird has flown. 672. Deliverance. — N. deliverance, extrication, rescue; repriev-e, -al; respite; liberation &c. 750; emancipation; redemption, salvation; riddance; gaol delivery; redeemableness. V. deliver, extricate, rescue, save, emancipate, redeem, ransom; bring -off, - through; tirer d'affaire, get the wheel out of the rut, snatch from the jaws of death, come to the rescue; rid; retrieve &c. (restore) 660; be - get- rid of. Adj. saved &c. v.; extric-, redeem-, rescu-able. Int. to the rescue! 3. Precursory Measures 673. Preparation. — N. prepara- tion ; providing &c. v. ; provi-sion, -dence ; anticipation &c. (foresight) 510; precau- tion, -concertation, -disposition; fore- cast &c. (plan) 626; rehearsal, note of preparation. [Putting in order] arrangement &c. 60; clearance; adjustment &c. 23; tun- ing; equipment, outfit, accouterment, armament, array. ripening &c. v.; maturation, evolu- tion; elaboration, concoction, digestion; gestation, hatching, incubation, sitting. groundwork, first stone, cradle, step- ping-stone; foundation, scaffold &c. (sup- port) 215; scaffolding, echafaudage. [Preparation -of men] training &c. (education) 537; inurement &c. (habit) 613 ; novitiate ; [ - of food] cook-ing, -ery ; brewing, culinary art; [ - of the soil] till-, plow-, sow-ing; semination, culti- vation. [State of being prepared] prepared-, readi-, ripe-, mellow-ness; maturity; un impromptu fait a loisir. [Preparer] preparer, trainer, pioneer; avant-courrier , -coureur; voortrekker ; sap- pers and miners, pavior, navvy; packer, stevedore; warming pan. V. prepare; get -, make- ready; make preparations, settle preliminaries, get up, sound the note of preparation. set -, put- in order &c. (arrange) 60; forecast &c. (plan) 626; prepare -, plow -, dress- the ground; till -, cul- tivate- the soil; predispose, sow the seed, lay a train, dig a mine; lay -, fix- 216 674. Nonpreparation. — N. non-, absence of -, want of- preparation; in- culture f, inconcoction f, improvidence. immaturity, crudity; rawness &c. adj.; abortion; disqualification. [Absence of art] nature, state of na- ture; virgin soil, unweeded garden; neg- lect &c. 460. rough copy &c. (pla?i) 626; germ &c. 153; raw material <&c. 635. improvisation &c. (impulse) 612. V. be -unprepared &c. adj.; want -, lack- preparation; lie fallow; s'embarquer sans biscuits; live from hand to mouth. [Render unprepared] dismantle &c. (render useless) 645; undress &c. 226. extemporize, improvise. Adj. un-prepared &c. [prepare &c. 673]; without -preparation &c. 673; in- complete &c. 53; rudimental, embryonic, abortive; immature, unripe, kachcha, raw, green, crude; coarse; rough, -cast, -hewn; in the rough; un-hewn, -formed, -fashioned, -wrought, -labored, -blown, -cooked, -boiled, -concocted, -polished. un-hatched, -fledged, -nurtured, -licked, -taught, -educated, -cultivated, -trained, -tutored, -drilled, -exercised; deckle-edged; precocious, premature; un-, in-digested; un-mellowed, -sea- soned, -leavened. fallow; un-sown, -tilled; natural, in a state of nature; undressed; in dis- habille, en deshabille. un-, dis-qualified; unfitted; ill-digest- ed; un-begun, -ready, -arranged, -or- ganized, -furnished, -provided, -equip- V. (I) ii PRECURSORY MEASURES 673 — 675 ped, -trimmed; out of -gear, - order; dismantled &c. v. shiftless, improvident, unthrifty, thriftless, thoughtless, unguarded; hap- py-go-lucky; caught napping &c. (inex- pectant) 508; unpremeditated &c. 612. Adv. extempore &c. 612. the -foundations, - basis, - groundwork; dig the foundations, erect the scaffold- ing; lay the first stone &c. (begin) 66. roughhew; cut out work ; block -, ham- mer- out; lick into shape &c. (form) 240. elaborate, mature, ripen, mellow, sea- son, bring to maturity; nurture &c. (aid) 707; hatch cook, brew; temper, anneal, smelt; barbecue; infumate; maturate. equip, arm, man; fit-out, -up; furnish, rig, dress, garnish, betrim, accouter, array, fettle, fledge; dress -, furbish -, brush -, vamp- up; refurbish; sharpen one's tools, trim one's foils, set, prime, attune; whet the -knife, - sword; wind -, screw- up; adjust &c. (fit) 27; put in -trim, - train, - gear, - working order, - tune, - a groove for, - harness ; pack, train &c. (teach) 537; inure &c. (habituate) 613; breed; prepare &c- for; rehearse; make provision for; take -steps, - measures, - precautions; provide, - against; beat up for recruits; open the door to &c. (facilitate) 705. set one's house in order, make all snug; clear -decks, - for action; close one's ranks; shuffle the cards. prepare oneself; serve an apprenticeship &c. (learn) 539; lay oneself out for, get into harness, gird up one's loins, buckle on one's armor, reculer pour mieux sauter, prime and load, shoulder arms, get the steam up, put the horses to. guard -, make sure- against; forearm, make sure, prepare for the evil day, have a rod in pickle, provide against a rainy day, feather one's nest; lay in provisions &c. 637; make investments; keep on foot. be -prepared, - ready &c. adj. ; hold oneself in readiness, keep one's powder dry; lie in wait for &c. (expect) 507; anticipate &c. (foresee) 510; principiis obstare; veniente occurrere morbo. Adj. preparing &c. v.; in -preparation, - course of preparation, - agitation, - embryo, - hand, - train; afoot, afloat; on -foot, - the stocks, - the anvil; under consideration &c. (plan) 626; brewing, hatching, forthcoming, brood- ing; in -store for, - reserve. precautionary, provident; prepara-tive, -tory; provisional, inchoate, under revision; preliminary &c. (precedent) 62. prepared &c. v.; in readiness; ready, - to one's hand, - made, - cut and dried; made to one's hand, handy, on the table; in gear; in working -order, - gear; snug; in practice. ripe, mature, mellow; pukka; practiced &c. (skilled) 698; labored, elabo- rate, highly-wrought, smelling of the lamp, worked up. in -full feather, - best bib and tucker; in -, at- harness; in -the saddle, - arms, - battle array, - war paint; up in arms; armed -at all points, - to the teeth, - cap a pie; sword in hand; booted and spurred. in utrumque -, semper- paratus; on the alert &c. (vigilant) 459; at one's post. Adv. in -preparation, - anticipation of; against, for; abroach. Phr. a hove majori distil arare minor; "looking before and after" [Hamlet] t si vis pacem para helium. 675. Essay. — N. essay, trial, endeavor, attempt; aim, struggle, venture, adventure, speculation, coup d'essai, debut; probation &c. (experiment) 463. V. try, essay; experiment &c. 463; endeavor, strive; tempt, attempt, make an attempt; venture, adventure, speculate, take one's chance, tempt fortune; try one's -fortune, - luck, - hand; use one's endeavor; feel -, grope -, pick- one's way. try hard, push, make a bold push, use one's best endeavor; do one's best &c. (exertion) 686. Adj. essaying &c. v.; experimental &c. 463; tentative, empirical, proba- tionary. 217 675 — 679 VOLITION V. (I) ii Adv. experimentally &c. adj.; on trial, at a venture; by rule of thumb. if one may be so bold. Phr. aut non tenlaris aut perfice [Ovid] ; chi non s'arrischia non guadagna. 676. Undertaking. — N. undertaking; compact &c. 769; adventure, ven- ture; engagement &c. (promise) 768; enter-, em-prise; pilgrimage; matter in hand &c. (business) 625; move; first move &c. (beginning) 66. V. undertake; engage -, embark- in; launch -, plunge- into; volunteer; ap- prentice oneself to; engage &c. (■promise) 768; contract &c. 769; take upon -one- self, - one's shoulders; devote oneself to &c. (determination) 604. take -up, - in hand; tackle; set -, go- about; set -, fall- -to, - to work; launch forth; set up shop; put in -hand, - execution; set forward; break the neck of a business, be in for; put one's -hand to, - foot in; betake oneself to, turn one's hand to, go to do; begin &c. 66; broach, institute &c. (orginate) 153; put -, lay- one's -hand to the plow, - shoulder to the wheel. have in hand &c. (business) 625; have many irons in the fire &c. (activity) 682. Adj. undertaking &c. v.; on the anvil &c. 625. Int. here goes! 677. Use. — N. use; employ, -ment; exer-cise, -citation; appli-cation, -ance; adhibition, disposal ; consumption ; agen- cy &c. (physical) 170; usufruct; useful- ness &c. 644; benefit; recourse, resort, avail. [Conversion to use] utilization, service, wear. [Way of using] usage. V. use, make use of, employ, put to use; put in -action, - operation, - prac- tice; set -in motion, - to work. ply, work, wield, handle, manipulate; play, - off; exert, exercise, practice, avail oneself of, profit by ; resort -, have recourse -, recur -, take -, betake one- self- to; take -up with, - advantage of; lay one's hands on, try. render useful &c. 644; mold; turn to -account, - use; convert to use, utilize; work up; call -, bring- into play; put into requisition; call -, draw- forth; press -, enlist- into the service; bring to bear upon, devote, dedicate, conse- crate, apply, adhibit, dispose of; make a -handle, - cat's-paw- of. fall back upon, make a shift with; make the -most, - best- of. use -, swallow- up; consume, absorb, expend; tax, task, wear, put to task. Adj. in use; used &c. v.; well-worn, -trodden. useful &c. 644; subservient &c. (in- strumental) 631. steam engine to crack a nut; catch Adj. misused &c. v. Phr. ludere cum sacris. 218 678. Disuse. — N. forbearance, ab- stinence; disuse; relinquishment &c. 782; desuetude &c. (want of habit) 614; disusage. V. not use; do without, dispense with, let alone, not touch, forbear, abstain, spare, waive, neglect; keep back, reserve. lay -up, - by, - on the shelf, - up in ordinary, - up in a napkin; shelve; set -, put -, lay- aside; disuse, leave off, have done with; supersede; discard &c. (eject) 297 ; dismiss, give warning. throw aside &c. (relinquish) 782; make away with &c. (destroy) 162; cast -, heave -, throw- overboard; cast to the -dogs, - winds; dismantle &c. (render useless) 645. lie -, remain- unemployed &c. adj. Adj. not used &c. v.; un-employed, -applied, -disposed of, -spent, -exercised, -touched, -trodden, -essayed, -gathered, -culled; uncalled for, not required. disused &c. v. ; done with. 679. Misuse.- — N. mis-use, -usage, -employment, -application, -appropria- tion. abuse, profanation, prostitution, dese- cration; waste &c. 638. V. mis-use, -employ, -apply, -appro- priate. desecrate, abuse, profane, prostitute; waste &c. 638; over-task, -tax, -work; squander &c. 818. cut blocks with a razor, employ a at a straw. V. (I) in ACTION 680 — 681 Section III. Voluntary Action 1. Simple Voluntary Action 680. Action. — N. action, perform- ance; doing &c. v.; perpetration; exer- cise, -citation; movement, operation, evolution, work; labor &c. (exertion) 686; praxis, execution; procedure &c. (conduct) 692; handicraft; business &c. 625; agency &c. (power at work) 170. deed, act, overt act, stitch, touch, gest; transaction, job, doings, dealings, pro- ceeding, measure, step, maneuver, bout, passage, move, stroke, blow; coup, - de main, - d'etat; tour deforce &c. (display) 882; feat, exploit; achievement &c. (completion) 729; handiwork, workman- ship; manufacture; stroke of policy &c. (plan) 626. actor &c. (doer) 690. V. do, perform, execute; achieve &c. (complete) 729; transact, enact; commit, perpetrate, inflict; exercise, prosecute, carry on, work, practice, play. employ oneself, ply one's task; offi- ciate, have in hand &c. (business) 625; labor &c. 686; be at work; pursue a course; shape one's course &c. (conduct) 692. act, operate; take -action, - steps; strike a blow, lift a finger, stretch forth one's hand; take in hand &c. (undertake) 676; put oneself in motion; put in prac- tice; carry into execution &c. (complete) 729; act upon. be -an actor &c. 690; take -, act -, play -, perform- a part in; participate in; have a -hand in, - finger in the pie; have to do with; be a -party to, - par- ticipator in; bear -, lend- a hand; pull an oar, run in a race; mix oneself up with &c. (meddle) 682. be in action ; come into operation &c. (power at ivork) 170. Adj. doing &c. v.; acting; in action; in harness; on duty; in operation &c. 170. Adv. in the -act, - midst of, - thick of; red-handed, in flagrante delicto; while one's hand is in. Phr. " action is eloquence " [Coriolanns]; actions speak louder than words; action aiunl ne agas [Terence]; " awake, arise, or be forever fall'n " [Paradise Lost]; dii pia facta vident [Ovid]; faire sans dire; fare fac; fronte capillata post est occasio calva; " our deeds are some- times better than our thoughts" [Bailey]; "the great end of life is not knowledge but ac- tion " [Huxley]; " thought is the soul of act " [R. Browning]; vivre ce n'est pas respirer e'est agir; " we live in deeds not years " [Bailey]. 219 681. Inaction. — N. inaction, pas- siveness, abstinence from action; non- interference; Fabian -, conservative- policy; neglect &c. 460. inactivity &c. 683; rest &c. (repose) 687; quiescence &c. 265; want of -, in- occupation; idle hours, time hanging on one's hands, dolce far niente; sinecure; soft -snap *, - thing *. V. not -do, - act, - attempt; be -in- active &c. 683; abstain from doing, do nothing, hold, spare; not -stir, - move, - lift- a -finger, - foot, - peg; fold one's -arms, - hands; leave -, let- alone; let -be, - pass, - things take their course, - it have its way, - well alone; quieta non mover e; stare super antiquas vias; rest and be thankful, live and let live; lie -, rest- upon one's oars; laisser -alter, - faire; stand aloof; refrain &c. (avoid) 623; keep oneself from doing; remit -, relax- one's efforts; desist &c. (relin- quish) 624; stop &c. (cease) 142; pause &c. (be quiet) 265. wait, lie in wait, bide one's time, take time, tide it over. cool -, kick- one's heels; while away the -time, - tedious hours; pass -, fill up -, beguile- the time; talk against time; waste time &c. (inactive) 683. lie -by, - on the shelf, - in ordinary, idle, - to, - fallow; keep quiet, slug; have nothing to do, whistle for want of thought. undo, do away with; take -down, - to pieces; destroy &c. 162. Adj. not doing &c. v.; not done &c. v.; undone; passive; un-occupied, -em- ployed; out of -employ, - work; fallow; desceuvre. Adv. re infectd, at a stand, les bras croises, with folded arms; with the hands -in the pockets, - behind one's back ; pour passer le temps. Int. so let it be!stop!&c. 142; hands off! Phr. cunctando reslituit rem. 682 — 683 VOLITION V. (I) in 682. Activity. — N. activity; brisk- ness, liveliness &c. adj.; animation, life, vivacity, spirit, dash, energy; snap, vim. nimbleness, agility; smartness, quick- ness &c. adj.; velocity &c. 274; alac- rity, promptitude; des-, dis-patch; ex- pedition; haste &c. 684; punctuality &c. (early) 132. eagerness, zeal, ardor, perfervidum ingenium, empressement, earnestness, in- tentness; abandon; vigor &c. (physical energy) 171; devotion &c. (resolution) 604; exertion &c. 686. industry, assiduity; assiduousness &c. adj.; sedulity; laboriousness; drudgery &c. (labor) 686; painstaking, diligence; perseverance &c. 604a; indefatigation f; habits of business. vigilance &c. 459; wakefulness; sleep-, rest-lessness; insomnia; pervigilium, in- somnium; racketing. movement, bustle, stir, fuss, ado, bother, pottering; fidget, -iness; flurry &c. (haste) 684. officiousness; dabbling, meddling; in- terference, -position, -meddling; tam- pering with, intrigue. press of business, no sinecure, plenty to do, many irons in the fire, great doings, busy hum of men, battle of life, thick of the action. housewife, busy bee; new brooms; sharp fellow, blade; devotee, enthusiast, zealot, meddler, intermeddler, intriguer, busybody, pickthank; hummer*, hus- tler, live man [U. S.], rustler * [U. S.]. V. be -active &c. adj.; busy oneself in; stir, -about, - one's stumps; bestir -, rouse- oneself; speed, hasten, peg away, lay about one, bustle, fuss; raise -, kick up- a dust; push; make a -push, - fuss, - stir; go ahead, push forward; fight -, elbow- one's way; make progress &c. 282; toil &c. (labor) 686; plod, persist &c. (persevere) 604a; keep -up the ball, - the pot boiling. look sharp; have all one's eyes about one &c. (vigilance) 459; rise, arouse one- self, hustle, get up early, be about, keep moving, steal a march, kill two birds with one stone; seize the opportunity &c. 134; lose no time, not lose a moment, make the most of one's time, not suffer the grass to grow under one's feet, im- prove the shining hour, make short work of; dash off; make haste &c. 684; do 220 683. Inactivity. — N. inactivity; in- action &c. 681; inertness &c. 172; ob- stinacy &c. 606. lull &c. (cessation) 142; quiescence &c. 265; rust, -iness. idle-, remiss-ness &c. adj.; sloth, in- dolence, indiligence; dawdling &c. v.; ergophobia, otiosity. dullness &c. adj.; languor; segni-ty f, -tudef; lentor; sluggishness &c„ (slow- ness) 275; procrastination &c. (delay) 133; torp-or, -idity, -escence; stupor &c. (insensibility) 823; somnolence; drowsi- ness &c. adj. ; nodding &c. v. ; oscit-ation, -ancy; pandiculation, hypnotism, leth- argy; statuvolence ; heaviness, heavy eyelids. sleep, slumber; sound -, heavy -, balmy- sleep; Morpheus; Somnus; coma, trance, ecstasis, dream, hibernation, nap, doze, snooze, siesta, wink of sleep, forty winks, snore ; hypnology. dull work; pottering; relaxation &c. (loosening) 47; Castle of Indolence. [Cause of inactivity] lullaby, sedative &c. 174; torpedo. idler, drone, droil, dawdle, mopus; do-little, faineant, dummy, sleeping partner; afternoon farmer; truant &c. (runaway) 623; bummer [U. S.], lounger, lazzarone, loafer; lub-ber, -bard; slow coach &c. (slow) 275; opium -, lotus- eater; slug; lag-, slug-gard; slumberer, dormouse, marmot; waiter on Provi- dence, fruges consumere natus. V. be -inactive &c. adj.; do nothing &c. 681; move slowly &c. 275; let the grass grow under one's feet; take one's time, dawdle, drawl, droil, lag, hang back, slouch; loll, -op; lounge, poke, loaf, loiter; go to sleep over; sleep at one's post, ne battre que d'une aile. take -it easy, - things as they come; lead an easy life, vegetate, swim with the stream, eat the bread of idleness; loll in the lap of -luxury, — indolence; waste -, consume -, kill - lose- time; burn daylight, waste the precious hours. idle -, trifle -, fritter -, fool- away time; spend -, take- time in; peel-, pid- dle; potter, pudder, dabble, faddle, fribble, fiddle-faddle; dally, dilly-dally. sleep, slumber, be asleep; hibernate; oversleep; sleep like a -top, - log, - dormouse; sleep -soundly, - heavily; doze, drowze, snooze, nap; take a -nap &c. n.; dream; snore; settle -, go -, go V. (I) in ACTION 682 — 683 one's best, take pains &c. (exert oneself) 686 ; do -, work- wonders. have -many irons in the fire, - one's hands full, - much on one's hands; have other -things to do, - fish to fry; be busy; not have a moment -to spare, - that one can call one's own. have one's fring, run the round of; go all lengths, stick at nothing, run riot. outdo; over-do, -act, -lay, -shoot the mark; make a toil of a pleasure. have a hand in &c. (act in) 680; take an active part, put in one's oar, have a finger in the pie, mix oneself up with, trouble one's head about, intrigue; agitate. tamper with, meddle, moil; inter- meddle, -fere, -pose; obtrude; poke - thrust- one's nose in. Adj. active, brisk, - as a lark, - as a be* : lively, animated, vivacious; alive, - and kicking; frisky, spirited, stirring. nimble, - as a squirrel; agile; light -, nimble-footed; featly, tripping. quick, prompt, yare, instant, ready, alert, spry, sharp, smart; fast &c. (swift) 274; quick as a lamplighter, expeditious; awake, broad awake; go-ahead, live [U. S.] ; wide-awake &c. (intelligent) 498. forward, eager, strenuous, zealous, enterprising, in earnest; resolute &c. 604. industrious, assiduous, diligent, sedu- lous, notable, painstaking; intent &c. (attention) 457; indefatigable &c. ('per- severing) 604a; unwearied; unsleeping, never tired; plodding, hardworking &c. 686; businesslike, workaday. bustling; restless, - as a hyena; fussy, fidgety, pottering; busy, - as a hen with one chicken. working, at work, on duty, in harness; up in arms; on one's legs, at call; up and -doing, - stirring. busy, occupied; hard at -work, - it; up to one's ears in, full of business, busy as a bee. meddling &c. v.; meddlesome, pushing, officious, overofficious, intrig- ant. astir, stirring; a-going, -foot; on foot: in full swing; eventful; on the alert &c. (vigilant) 459. Adv. actively &c. adj.; with -life and spirit, - might and main &c. 686, - haste &c. 684, - wings; full tilt, in mediis rebus. Int. be -, look- -alive, - sharp! move -, push- on! keep moving! go ahead! stir your stumps! age quad agist jaldi! - Jcaro! step lively! Phr. carpe diem &c. {opportunity) 134; nulla, dies sine lined [Pliny]; nee mora nee requies [Vergil]; the plot thickens; no sooner said than done &c. (early) 132; " veni vidi vici" [Suetonius]; eatch a weasel asleep; abends ivird der Faule fleissig; dictum ac factum [Terence]; schwere Arbeit in der Jugend ist sanfte Ruhe im Alter; " the busy hum of men " [Milton]. 221 off- to sleep; drop off; fall -, drop- asleep; close -, seal up- -the -eyes, - eyelids; weigh down the eyelids; get sleepy, nod, yawn; go to bed, turn in. languish, expend itself, flag, hang fire; relax. render -idle &c. adj.; sluggardize; mitigate &c. 174. Adj. inactive; motionless &c. 265; unoccupied &c. (doing nothing) 681; un- busied. indolent, lazy, slothful, idle, lusk, re- miss, slack, inert, torpid, sluggish, otiose, languid, supine, heavy, dull, leaden, lumpish; exanimate, soulless; listless; dron-y, -ish; lazy as Ludlam's dog. dilatory, laggard; lagging &c. v.; slow &c. 275; rusty, flagging; lackadaisical, maudlin, fiddle-faddle; pottering &c. v.; shilly-shally &c. (irresolute) 605. sleeping &c. v.; asleep; fast -, dead -, sound- asleep; in a sound sleep; sound as a top, dormant, comatose; in the -arms, - lap- of Morpheus. sleep-y, -ful; dozy, drowsy, somno- lent, torpescent; lethargic, -al; somni- facient; statuvol-ent, -ic; heavy, with sleep; napping; somni-fic, -ferous; sopor-ous, -ific, -iferous; hypnotic; balmy, dreamy; un-, una-wakened. sedative &c. 174. Adv. inactively &c. adj. ; at leisure &c. 685. Phr. the eyes begin to draw straws; " bank- rupt of life yet prodigal of ease " [Dryden]; " better 50 years of Europe than a cycle of Cathay" [Tennyson]; "idly busy rolls their world away" [Goldsmith]; "the mystery of folded sleep " [Tennyson]; " the timely dew of sleep " [Milton]; " thou driftest gently down the tides of sleep" [Longfellow]; "tired Na- ture's sweet restorer, balmy sleep " [Young]. 684 — 687 VOLITION V. (I) in 685. Leisure. — N. leisure; conven- ience; spare -time, - hours, - moments; vacant hour; time, - to spare, - on one's hands; holiday &c. (rest) 687; otium cum dignitate [Cic], ease. V. have -leisure &c. n.; take one's -time, - leisure, - ease; repose &c. 687; move slowly &c. 275; while away the time &c. {inaction) 681; be -master of one's time, - an idle man. Adj. leisure, -ly; slow &c. 275; delib- erate, quiet, calm, undisturbed; at -lei- sure, - one's ease, - a loose end. Phr. time hanging heavy on one's hands; eile mil Weile. 684. Haste. — N. haste, urgency; des-, dis-patch; acceleration, spurt, spirt, forced march, rush, dash; veloc- ity &c. 274; precipit-ancy, -ation, -ousness &c. adj.; impetuosity; brus- guerie; hurry, drive, scramble, bustle, fuss, fidget, flurry, flutter, splutter. V. haste, hasten; make -haste, - a dash &c. n.\ hurry -, dash -, whip -, push -, press- -on, - forward; hurry, skurry, scuttle along, bundle on, dart to and fro, bustle, flutter, scramble; plunge, - headlong; dash off; rush &c. (violence) 173; express. bestir oneself &c. (be active) 682; lose -no time, - not a moment, - not an in- stant; make short work of; make the best of one's -time, - way. be -precipitate &c. adj.; jump at, be in -haste, - a hurry &c. n.; have -no time, - not a moment- -to lose, - to spare; work against time. quicken &c. 274; accelerate, expedite, put on, precipitate, urge, whip; rail- road. Adj. hasty, hurried, brusque; scrambling, cursory, precipitate, headlong, furious, boisterous, impetuous, hot-headed; feverish, fussy; pushing. in -haste, - a hurry &c. n.; in -hot, - all- haste; breathless, pressed for time, hard pressed, urgent. Adv. with -haste, - all haste, - breathless speed; in haste &c. adj.; apace &c. (swiftly) 274; amain; all at once &c. {instantaneously) 113; at short notice &c, immediately &c. (early) 132; posthaste; by -cable, - express, - telegraph, - forced marches. hastily, precipitately &c. adj.; helter-skelter, hurry-skurry, holus-bolus; slap-dash, -bang; full-tilt, -drive; heels over head, head and shoulders, head- long, a corps perdu. b.v -fits and starts, - spurts; hop skip and jump. Phr. sauve qui peut, devil take the hindmost, no time to be lost; no sooner said than done &c. (early) 132; a word and a blow; maggiore fretta miriore dtto; ohne Hast aber ohne Rast [Goethe's motto]; " stand not upon the order of your going " [Macbeth] ; " swift, swift, you dragons of the night " [Cymbeline]. 686. Exertion. — N. exertion, effort, strain, tug, pull, stress, throw, stretch, struggle, spell, spurt, spirt; stroke -, stitch- of work. " a strong pull a long pull and a pull all together"; dead lift; heft; gymnastics; exer-cise, -citation; wear and tear; ado; toil and trouble; up- hill -, hard -, warm- work; harvest time. labor, work, toil, travail, manual la- bor, sweat of one's brow, swink, operose- ness, drudgery, slavery, fagging, ham- mering; limce labor; operosity. trouble, pains, duty; resolution &c. 604; energy &c. (physical) 171. V. exert oneself; exert -, tax- one's energies; use exertion. labor, work, toil, moil, sweat, fag, 222 687. Repose. — N. repose, rest, silk- en repose; sleep &c. 683. relaxation, breathing time; halt, stay, pause &c. (cessation) 142; respite. day of rest, dies non, Sabbath, Lord's day, holiday, red-letter day, vacation, recess. V. repose; rest, - and be thankful; take -rest, - one's ease. relax, unbend, slacken; take breath &c. (refresh) 689; rest upon one's oars; pause &c. (cease) 142; stay one's hand. lie down; recline, - on a bed of down, - on an easy chair; go to -rest, - bed, - sleep &c. 683. take a holiday, shut up shop; lie fal- low &c. (inaction) 681. Adj. reposing &c. v.; unstrained. V. (I) in ACTION 686 — 689 Adv. at rest. Phr. " the best of men have ever loved re- pose " [Thomson]; " to repair our nature with eomforting repose " [Henry VIII]. drudge, slave, drag a lengthened chain, | wade through, strive, strain; make -, stretch- a long arm; pull, tug, ply; ply -, tug at- the oar; do the work; take the laboring oar. bestir oneself (be active) 682 ; take trouble, trouble oneself. work hard; rough it; put forth -one's strength, - a strong arm; fall to work, bend the bow; buckle to, set one's shoulder to the wheel &c. {resolution) 604; work like a -horse, - cart horse, - galley slave, - coal heaver; labor -, work- day and night; redouble one's efforts; do double duty; work double -hours, - tides; sit up, burn the candle at both ends; stick to &c. (persevere) 604a; work -, fight- one's way; lay about one, hammer at. take pains; do one's -best, - level best, - utmost; do -the best one can, - all one can, - all in one's power, - as much as in one lies, - what lies in one's power; use one's -best, - utmost- endeavor; try one's -best, - utmost; play one's best card; put one's -best, - right- leg foremost; have one's whole soul in his work, put all one's strength into, strain every nerve; spare no -efforts, pains; go all lengths; go through fire and water &c. (resolution) 604; move heaven and earth, leave no stone unturned. Adj. laboring &c. v. laborious, operose, elaborate; strained; toil-, trouble-, weari-some; uphill; herculean, gymnastic, palestric. hardworking, painstaking, strenuous, energetic. hard at work, on the stretch. Adv. laboriously &c. adj.; lustily; pugnis et calcibus; with -might and main, - all one's might, - a strong hand, - sledge hammer, - much ado; to the best of one's abilities, totis viribus, vi et armis, manibus pedibusque, tooth and nail, unguibus et rostro, hammer and tongs, heart and soul; through thick and thin &c. (perseverance) 604a. by the sweat of one's brow, suo Marte. Phr. aide-toi, le del t'aidera;" and still be doing, never done " [Butler]; buen principio la mitad es hecha; cosa benfatta efatta due volte; " it is better to wear out than to rust out " [Bp. Home]; labor omnia vincit [Vergil]; "labor, wide as the earth, has its summit in Heaven " [Carlyle]; le travail du corps delivre des peines de V esprit; manu forti; ora et la- bora. 688. Fatigue. — N. fatigue; weari- ness &c. 841; yawning, drowsiness &c. 683 ; lassitude, tiredness, fatigation j, exhaustion; sweat; dyspnoea. anhelation, shortness of breath; faint- ness; collapse, prostration, swoon, faint- ing, deliquium, syncope, lipothymy; goneness. V. be -fatigued &c. adj.; yawn &c. (get sleepy) 683; droop, sink, flag; lose -breath, - wind; gasp, pant, puff, blow, drop, swoon, faint, succumb. fatigue, tire, weary, irk, flag, jade, harass, exhaust, knock up, wear out, prostrate. tax, task, strain; over-task, -work, -burden, -tax, -strain. Adj. fatigued &c. v.; weary &c. 841; drowsy &c. 683; drooping &c. v.; hag- gard; toil-, wayworn; footsore, sur- bated f, weather-beaten; faint; done-, 689. Refreshment. — N. bracing &c. v.; recovery of -strength &c. 159; resto- ration, revival &c. 660; repair, refec- tion, refocillation f, refreshment, regale- ment, bait; relief &c. 834. V. brace &c. (strengthen) 159; reinvig- orate; air, freshen up, refresh, -recruit; repair &c. (restore) 660; fan, refocillate f; refresh the inner man. breathe, respire; drink in the ozone; draw -, take -, gather -, take a long -, regain -, recover- breath; get better, raise one's head; recover -, regain -, renew- one's strength &c. 159; perk up. come to oneself &c. (revive) 660; feel like a giant refreshed. Adj. refreshing &c. v.; recuperative &c. 660. refreshed &c. v. ; un-tired, -wearied. 223 688 — 692 VOLITION V. (I) m used -, knocked- up; bushed * [U. S.] ; exhausted, prostrate, spent; over-tired, -spent, -fatigued; unre-freshed, -stored. worn, - out; battered, shattered, pulled down, seedy, altered. breath-, wind-less; short of -, out of -breath, - wind; blown, puffing and blowing; short-breathed; anhelose; broken-, short-winded; dyspnce-al, -ic. ready to drop, all in, more dead than alive, dog-weary, walked off one's legs, tired to death, on one's last legs, played out, hors de combat. fatiguing &c. v.; tire-, irk-, weari-some; weary, trying. 690. Agent. — N. doer, actor, agent, performer, perpetrator, operator; execu-tor, -trix; practitioner, worker, stager. bee, ant, working bee, termite, white ant; laboring oar, servant of all work, factotum. workman, artisan; crafts-, handicrafts-man; mechanic, operative; working -, laboring- man; demiurgus, hewers of wood and drawers of water, laborer, navvy; hand, man, day laborer, journeyman, charwoman, hack; mere -tool &c. 633; beast of burden, drudge, fag; lumper, roustabout. maker, artificer, artist, wright, manufacturer, architect, builder, mason, bricklayer, smith, forger, Vulcan; carpenter; ganger, platelayer; blacksmith, locksmith, sailmaker, wheelwright. machinist, mechanician, engineer. semp-, sem-, seam-stress; needle-, work-woman; tailor, cordwainer. minister &c. (instrument) 631; servant &c. 746; representative &c. (com- missioner) 758, (deputy) 759. coworker, party to, participator in, particeps criminis, dramatis persona;; personnel. Phr. quorum pars magna fui [Vergil] ; faber est quisque fortunas sua?. 691. Workshop. — N. work-shop, -house; laboratory, manufactory, mill, factory, mint, forge, loom; cabinet, studio, bureau, atelier; hive, - of industry; nursery; hot-house, -bed; kitchen; dock, -yard; alveary; armory; beehive, bind- ery, forcing pit, nailery, usine, slip, yard, wharf; found-ry -ery; furnace; vine- yard. crucible, alembic, caldron, matrix. 2. Complex Voluntary Action 692. Conduct. — N. dealing, transaction &c. (action) 680; business &c. 625. tactics, game, policy, polity; general-, statesman-, seaman-ship; strate-gy, -gics; plan &c. 626. husbandry; house-keeping, -wifery; stewardship ; menage ; regime ; econom-y, -ics; political economy; management; government &c. (direction) 693. execution, manipulation, treatment, campaign, career, life, course, walk, race, record. conduct; behavior; de-, com-portment; carriage, maintien, demeanor, guise, bearing, manner, observance. course -, line- of -conduct, - action, - proceeding; role; process, ways, prac- tice, procedure, modus operandi; method &c, path &c. 627. V. transact, execute; des-, dis-patch; proceed with, discharge; carry -on, - through, - out, - into effect; work out; go - get- through; enact; put into prac- tice; officiate &c. 625. bear -, behave -, comport -, demean -, carry -, conduct -, acquit- oneself. run a race, lead a life, play a game; take -, adopt- a course; steer -, shape- one's course; play one's — part, - cards; shift for oneself; paddle one's own canoe; bail one's own boat. conduct; manage &c. (direct) 693. 224 V. (I) in ACTION 692 — 695 deal -, have to do- with; treat, handle a case; take -steps, - measures. Adj. conducting &c. v.; strategical, businesslike, practical, executive. 693. Direction. — N. direction; manage-ment, -ry; government, guberna- tion, conduct, legislation, regulation, guidance; bossism [U. S.]; legislature; steer-, pilot-age; reins, - of government; helm, rudder, needle, compass; guiding -, load -, lode -, pole- star; cynosure. super-vision, -intendence; surveillance, oversight; eye of the master; control, charge; board of control &c. (council) 696; command &c. (authority) 737. premier-, senator-ship; director &c. 694; chair, portfolio. statesmanship; state-, king-, queen-craft. minis-try, -tration; administration; steward-, proctor-ship; agency. V. direct, manage, govern, conduct; order, prescribe, cut out work for; head, lead; lead -, show- the way; take the lead, lead on; regulate, guide, steer, pilot; take -, be at- the helm; have -, handle -, hold -, take- the reins; drive, tool; tackle. super-intend, -vise; overlook, control, keep in order, look after, see to, legis- late for; administer, ministrate; matronize; have the -care, - charge- of; have -, take- the direction; pull the -strings, - wires; rule &c. (command) 737; have -, hold- -office, - the portfolio; preside, - at the board; take -, occupy -, be in- the chair; pull the stroke oar. Adj. directing &c. v.; hegemonic. Adv. at the -helm, - head of. 694. Director. — N. director, manager, governor, rector, comptroller; super-intendent, -visor; intendant; over-seer, -looker; supercargo, husband, inspector, visitor, ranger, surveyor, feclile. moderator, monitor, taskmaster; master &c. 745; leader, ringleader, demagogue, corypheus, conductor, fugleman, "precentor, bellwether, agitator; caporal, choregus, collector, file leader, flugel- man, linkboy. guiding star &c. (guidance) 693; adviser &c. 695; guide &c. (information) 527; pilot; helmsman; steers-man, -mate; wire-puller. driver, whip, Jehu, charioteer; coach-, car-, cab-man; postilion, vetturino, muleteer, arriero, teamster; whipper in. head, - man, - center; principal, president, speaker; chair, -man; captain &c. (master) 745; superior; mayor &c. (civil authority) 745; vice president, prime minister, premier, vizier, grand vizier, eparch. officer, functionary, minister, official, red-tapist, bureaucrat; man -, Jack- in office; office bearer; person in authority $, oi ttoWol, great un- washed ; man in the street. mob; rabble, - rout; chaff, rout, horde, canaille; scum -, residuum -. dregs- of -the people, - society; swinish multi- tude, fcex populi; trash; profanum -, ig- nobile- vulgus; vermin, riffraff, rag-tag and bobtail; small fry. commoner, one of the people, demo- crat, plebeian, republican, proletary, pro- letaire, roturier, Mr. Snooks, bourgeois, epicier, Philistine, cockney; grisette, demimonde. peasant, countryman, boor, carle, churl; vill-ain, -ein; terrce filius; serf, kern, tyke, tike, chuff, ryot, fellah; longshoreman; swain, clown, hind; clod, -hopper; hobnail, yokel, bog-trotter, bumpkin; plow-man, -boy; rustic, hay- seed*, lunk-head [U. S.], chaw-bacon*, tiller of the soil; hewers of wood and drawers of water, groundling; gaffer, loon, put, cub, Tony Lumpkin, looby, rube* [U. S.], lout, underling; gamin; rough; pot-wallopper, slubberdegullionf; vulgar -, low- fellow; cad, curmudgeon. upstart, parvenu, skipjack; nobody, - one knows; hesterni quirites, pessoribus orti; bourgeois gentilhomme, novus homo, snob, gent, mushroom, no one knows who, adventurer; man of straw. beggar, gaberlunzie, muckworm, mud- lark, sans culotte, raff, tatterdemalion, caitiff, ragamuffin, Pariah, outcast of so- ciety, tramp, vagabond, bezonian, pan- handler*, sundowner, chiffonnier, Cin- derella, cinderwench, scrub, jade; gos- soon. Goth, Vandal, Hottentot, Zulu, sav- age, barbarian, Yahoo; unlicked cub, rough diamond. barbar-ousness, -ism; Bceotia. V. be -ignoble &c.adj.,- nobody &c.n. Adj. ignoble, common, mean, low, base, vile, sorry, scrubby, beggarly; below par; no great shakes &c. {un- important) 643; home-ly, -spun; vul- gar, low-minded; snobbish. plebeian, proletarian; of -low, - VI. ii. 5 PERSONAL AFFECTIONS 876 — 879 mean- -parentage, - origin, - extraction; low-, base-, earth-born; mush- room, dunghill, risen from the ranks; unknown to fame, obscure, untitled. rustic, uncivilized; lout-, boor-, clown-, churl-, brut-, raff-ish; rude, unlicked. barbar-ous, -ian, -ic, -esque; cockney, born within sound of Bow bells. underling, menial, subaltern. Adv. below the salt. Phr. dummodo sit dives Barbarus ipse placet [Ovid], 878. Pride. — N. dignity, self-re- spect, mens sibi conscia recti [Vergil]. pride; haughtiness &c. adj.) high no- tions, hauteur; vainglory, crest; arro- gance &c. (assumption) 885. proud man, highflier; fine -gentleman, - lady. V. be -proud &c. adj.; put a good face on; look one in the face; stalk abroad, perk oneself up; think no small beer of oneself; presume, swagger, strut; rear -, lift up -, hold up- one's head; hold one's head high, look big, take the wall, " bear like the Turk no rival near the throne " [Pope], carry with a high hand; ride the -, mount on one's- high horse; set one's back up, bridle, toss the head; give oneself airs &c. (assume) 885; boast &c. 884. pride oneself on; glory in, take a pride in; pique -, plume -, hug- one- self; stand upon, be proud of; put a good face on; not -hide one's light under a bushel, - put one's talent in a napkin; not think small beer of oneself &c. (vanity) 880. Adj. dignified; stately; proud, -crest- ed; lordly, baronial; lofty-minded; high- souled, -minded, -mettled, -handed, -plumed, -flown, -toned. haughty, lofty, high, mighty, swollen, puffed up, flushed, blown; vainglorious; purse-proud, fine; proud as -a peacock, - Lucifer ; bloated with pride, supercilious, disdainful, bumptious, magisterial, imperious, high and mighty, overweening, consequential; arrogant &c. 885; unblushing &c. 880. stiff, -necked; starch; perked -, stuck- up; in buckram, strait-laced; prim &c. (affected) 855. on one's -dignity, - high horses, - tight ropes, - high ropes; on stilts; en grand seigneur. Adv. with head erect. Phr. odi profanum valgus et arceo [Horace]. "a duke's revenues on her back" [Henri/ VI]; " disdains the shadow which he treads on at noon" [Coriolanus]; " pride in their port, de- fiance in their eye " [Goldsmith]. 879. Humility. — N. hum-ility, -ble- ness; meek-, low-ness; lowli-ness, -hood; abasement, self-abasement; submission &c. 725; resignation. condescension; affability &c. (cour- tesij) 894. modesty &c. 881 ; verecundity f, blush, suffusion, confusion; sense of -shame, - disgrace; humiliation, mortification; let -, set- down. V. be -humble &c. adj. ; deign, vouch- safe, condescend; humble -, demean- oneself ; stoop, - to conquer; carry coals; submit &c. 725; submit with a good grace &c. (brook) 826; yield the palm. lower one's -tone, - note; sing small, draw in one's horns, sober down; hide one's -face, - diminished head; not dare to show one's face, take shame to oneself, not have a word to say for oneself; feel -, be conscious of- -shame, - disgrace; drink the cup of humiliation to the dregs. blush -for, - up to the eyes; redden, change color; color up; hang one's head, look foolish, feel small. render humble; humble, humiliate; let -, set -, take --, tread -, frown- down; snub, abash, abase, make one sing small, strike dumb; teach one his distance; take down a peg, - lower; throw -, cast- into the shade &c. 874; stare -, put- out of countenance; put to the blush; confuse, ashame, mortify, disgrace, crush; send away with a flea in one's ear. get a setdown. Adj. humble, lowly, meek; modest &c. 881; humble-, sober-minded; un- off ended; submissive &c. 725; servile &c. 886. condescending; affable &c. (courteous) 894. humbled &c. v.; bowed down, re- signed; abashed, ashamed, dashed; out of countenance; down in the mouth; down on one's -knees, - marrowbones, - uppers; humbled in the dust, brow- beaten; chap-, crest-fallen; dumfoun- dered, flabbergasted. 303 879 — 882 AFFECTIONS VI. ii. 5 shorn of one's glory &c. (disrepute) 874. • Adv. with -downcast eyes, - bated breath, - bended knee; on all fours, on one's feet. under correction, with due deference. Phr. I am your -obedient, - very humble- servant; my service to you; da locum melior- ibus [Terence]; parvum parva decent [Horace]. 880. Vanity. — N. vanity; conceit, -edness; self-conceit, -complacency, -confidence, -sufficiency, -esteem, -love, -approbation, -praise, -glorification, -laudation, -gratulation, -applause, -ad- miration; amour propre; selfishness &c. 943/ airs, affected manner, pretensions, mannerism; egotism; prigg-ism, -ish- ness; coxcombery, gaudery, vainglory, elation; pride &c. 878; ostentation &c. 882; assurance &c. 885. vox et prceterea nihil; cheval de bataille. coxcomb &c. 854; Sir Oracle &c. 887. V. be -vain &c. adj., - vain of; pique oneself &c. (pride) 878; lay the flatter- ing unction to one's soul. have -too high, - an overweening- opinion of -oneself, - one's talents; blind oneself as to one's own merit; not think -small beer, - vin ordinaire- of oneself; put oneself forward; fish for compli- ments; give oneself airs &c. (assume) 885; boast &c. 884. render -vain &c. adj.; inspire with -vanity &c. n. ; inflate, puff up, turn up, turn one's head. Adj. vain, - as a peacock; conceited, overweening, pert, forward; vainglo- rious, high-flown; ostentatious &c. 882; puffed up, inflated, flushed. self-satisfied, -confident, -sufficient, -flattering, -admiring, -applauding, -glorious, -opinionated; entete&c. (wrong- headed) 481; wise in one's own conceit, pragmatical, overwise, pretentious, priggish; egotistic, -al; soi-disant &c. (boastful) 884; arrogant &c. 885. un-abashed, -blushing; un-constrained, -ceremonious; free and easy. Adv. vainly &c. adj. Phr. "how we apples swim!" [Swift]; "prouder than rustling in unpaid-for silk" [Cymbeline]. 882. Ostentation. — N. ostentation, display, show, flourish, parade, eta- lage, pomp, array, state, solemnity; dash, splash, splurge, glitter, strut, pom- posity; preten-se, -sions; showing off; fuss. magnificence, splendor; coup d'oeil; grand doings. coup de theatre; stage -effect, - trick; claptrap; mise en scene; tour de force; chic. demonstration, flying colors; tomfoolery; flourish of trumpets &c. (celebra- tion) 883; pageant, -ry; spectacle, exhibition, exposition, procession; turn -, set- out; grand function; fete, gala, field day, review, march past, promenade, insubstantial pageant. 304 881. Modesty. — N. modesty; hu- mility &e. 879; diffidence, timidity; re- tiring disposition ; unobtrusi veness ; bash- fulness &c. adj.; mauvaise honte; blush, -ing; verecundity f; self-knowledge. reserve, constraint; demureness &c. adj.; " blushing honors " [Henry VIII]. V. be -modest &c. adj.; retire, re- serve oneself; give way to; draw in one's horns &c. 879; hide one's face. keep -private, - in the background, -> one's distance; pursue the noiseless tenor of one's way, " do good by stealth and blush to find it fame " [Pope], hide one's light under a bushel, cast a sheep's eye. Adj. modest, diffident; humble &c. 879; timid, timorous, bashful; shy, ner- vous, skittish, coy, sheepish, shamefaced, blushing, overmodest. unpreten-ding, -tious; un-obtrusive, -assuming, -ostentatious, -boastful, -as- piring; poor in spirit. out of countenance &c. (humbled) 879. reserved, constrained, demure. Adv. humbly &c. adj.; quietly, pri- vately; without -ceremony, - beat of drum ; sa?is fagon. Phr. " not stepping o'er the bounds of mod- esty " [Romeo and Juliet]; " thy modesty's a candle to thy merit " [Fielding]. VI. ii. 5 PERSONAL AFFECTIONS 882 — 884 dress; court - full -, evening -, ball -, fancy- dress; tailoring, millinery, man millinery, frippery; foppery, equipage. ceremon-y, -ial; ritual; form, -ality; etiquette; punct-o, -ilio, -ilious-ness; starched-, stateli-ness. mummery, solemn mockery, mouth honor. attitudinarian; fop &c. 854. V. be -ostentatious &c. adj.; come -, put oneself- forward; attract attention, star it. make -, cut- a -figure, - dash, - splash, - splurge; figure, - away; make a show, - display; glitter. show -off, - one's paces; parade, march past; display, exhibit, put forward, hold up; trot -, hand- out; sport, brandish, blazon forth; dangle, - before the eyes. cry up &c. (praise) 931; proner, flaunt, emblazon, prink, set off, mount, have framed and glazed. put a -good, - smiling- face upon; clean the outside of the platter &c. (dis- guise) 544. Adj. ostentatious, showy, dashing, pretentious; ja-, jau-nty; grand, pom- pous, palatial; high-sounding; turgid &c. {big-sounding) 577; gai-, ga-rish; gaudy, - as a -peacock, - butterfly, - tulip; flaunting, flashing, flaming, glit- tering; gay &c. (ornate) 847. splendid, magnificent, sumptuous. theatrical, dramatic, spectacular; ceremonial, ritual. solemn, stately, majestic, formal, stiff, ceremonious, punctilious, starched. en grande tenuc, in best bib and tucker, in Sunday best, endimanche, chic. Adv. with -flourish of trumpet, - beat of drum, - flying colors. ad captandum vulgus. Phr. ho?iores mutant mores. 883. Celebration. — N. celebration, solemnization, jubilee, commemora- tion, ovation, paean, triumph, jubilation; china-, diamond-, golden-, silver-, tin- -anniversary, - jubilee, - wedding. triumphal arch, bonfire, salute; salvo, - of artillery; feu de joie, flourish of trumpets, fanfare, colors flying, illuminations. inauguration, installation, presentation; coronation; Lord Mayor's show; harvest-home, red-letter day; trophy &c. 733; Te Deum &c. (thanksgiving) 990; fete &c. 882; holiday &c. 840, Forefathers' Day [U. S.]. V. celebrate, keep, signalize, do honor to, commemorate, solemnize, hallow, mark with a red letter. pledge, drink to, toast, hob and nob. inaugurate, install, chair. rejoice &c. 838; kill the fatted calf, hold jubilee, roast an ox. Adj. celebrating &c. v.; commemorative, celebrated, immortal. Adv. in -honor, - commemoration- of. Int. hail! all hail! io -poean, - triumphe! " see the conquering hero comes! " 884. Boasting. — N. boasting &c. v. ; boast, vaunt, crake f; preten-se, -sions; puff, -ery; flourish, fanfaronade; gasconade; blague, bluff, gas *; highfalut-in, -ing; hot air *, spread-eagleism [U. S.]; brag, -gardism; bravado, bunkum, Bun- combe; jact-itation, -ancy; bounce; venditation f , vaporing, rodomontade, bombast, fine talking, tall talk, magniloquence, teratology f, heroics; Chauvin- ism; exaggeration &c. 549. vanity &c. 880; vox et prceterea nihil; much cry and little wool, brufum fulmcn. exultation; gloria-tion t, -fication; flourish of trumpets; triumph &c. 883. boaster; bragg-art, -adocio; Gascon, fanfaron, pretender, soi-disant; blower * [U. S.], bluffer, Foxy Quiller; blusterer &c. 887; charlatan, jackpudding, trum- peter; puppy &c. (fop) 854. 305 884 — 883 AFFECTIONS VI. n. 5 V. boast, make a boast of, brag, vaunt, puff, show off, flourish, crake f, crack, trumpet, strut, swagger, vapor; blague, blow *, four-flush *, bluff. exult, crow over, neigh, chuckle, triumph; throw up one's cap; talk big, se faire valoir, faire claquer son fouet, take merit to oneself, make a merit of, sing Io triumphs, holloa before one is out of the wood. Adj. boasting &c. v.; magniloquent, flaming, Thrasonic, stilted, gasconading, braggart, boastful, pretentious, soi-disant; vainglorious &c. {conceited) 880; highfalut-in, -ing; spread-eagle [U. S.]. elate, -d; jubilant, triumphant, exultant; in high feather; flushed, - with victory; cock-a-hoop; on stilts. vaunted &c. v. Adv. vauntingly &c. adj. Phr. " let the galled jade wince " [Hamlet]; facta non verba. 885. [Undue assumption of supe- riority.] Insolence. — N. insolence; haughtiness &c. adj.; arrogance, airs; overbearance ; domineering &c. v.; tyr- anny &c. 739. impertinence; sauciness &c. adj.; flip- pancy, dicacity f, petulance, procacity, bluster; swagger, -ing &c. v.; bounce; terrorism. as-, pre-sumption; beggar on horse- back; usurpation. impudence, assurance, audacity, har- dihood, front, face, brass; shameless- ness &c. adj. ; effrontery, hardened front, face of brass. assumption of infallibility. saucebox &c. (blusterer) 887. V. be -insolent &c. adj.; bluster, va- por, swagger, swell, give oneself airs, snap one's fingers, kick up a dust; swear &c. {affirm) 535; rap out oaths; roister. arrogate; as-, pre-sume; make -bold, - free; take a liberty, give an inch and take an ell. domineer, bully, dictate, hector; lord it over; tr alter -, regarder- de haut en bas; exact; snub, huff, beard, fly in the face of; put to the blush; bear -, beat- down; browbeat, intimidate; trample -, tread- -down, - under foot; dragoon, ride roughshod over. out-face, -look, -stare, -brazen, -brave; stare out of countenance; bra- zen out; lay down the law; teach one's grandmother to suck eggs; assume a lofty bearing; talk -, look- big; put on big looks, act the grand seigneur; mount -, ride- the high horse; toss the head, carry with a high hand. tempt Providence, want snuffing. Adj. insolent, haughty, arrogant, im- perious, magisterial, dictatorial, arbi- trary; high-handed, high and mighty; 306 886. Servility. — N. servility; slav- ery &c. {subjection) 749; obsequiousness &c. adj. ; subserviency; abasement; pros- tration, -ternationf; genuflection &c. {worship) 990; fawning &c. v.; tuft- hunting, timeserving, flunkeyism; sy- cophancy &c. {flattery) 933; humility &c. 879. sycophant, parasite; toad, -y, -eater; tufthunter; snob, flunkey, lapdog, span- iel, lick-spittle, smell-feast, Grceculus esuriens, hanger on, cavaliere servente, led captain, carpet knight; timeserver, fortune hunter, Vicar of Bray, Sir Perti- nax Mac Sycophant, pickthank; flat- terer &c. 935; doer of dirty work; dme damnee, tool; reptile; slave &c. {servant) 746 ; courtier ; beat *, dead beat *, dough- face * [U. S.], heeler [U. S.], homme de cour, sponger, sucker *, tagtail, truckler. V. cringe, bow, stoop, kneel, bend the knee; fall on one's knees, prostrate oneself; worship &c. 990. sneak, crawl, crouch, cower, sponge, truckle to, grovel, fawn, lick the feet of, kiss the hem of one's garment. pay court to; feed on, fatten on, dance attendance on, pin oneself upon, hang on the sleeve of, avaler les cou- leuvres, keep time to, fetch and carry, do the dirty work of. go with the stream, worship the ris- ing sun, hold with the hare and run with the hounds. Adj. servile, obsequious; supple, - as a glove; soapy, oily, pliant, cringing, abased, dough-faced, fawning, slavish, groveling, sniveling, mealy-mouthed ; beggarly, sycophantic, parasitical; ab- ject, prostrate, down on one's marrow- bones; base, mean, sneaking; crouching &c. v. Adv. hat -, cap- in hand. VI. in. 1 SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS 885 — 880 contumelious, supercilious, overbearing, intolerant, domineering, overween- ing, high-flown. flippant, pert, fresh [U. S.], cavalier, saucy, forward, impertinent, malapert. precocious, assuming, would-be, bumptious. bluff; brazen, shameless, aweless, unblushing, unabashed; bold-, bare-, brazen-faced ; dead -, lost- to shame. impudent, audacious, presumptuous, free and easy, devil-may-care, rollick- ing; jaunty, janty; roistering, blustering, hectoring, swaggering, vaporing; thrasonic, fire eating, " full of sound and fury " [Macbeth], Adv. with a high hand; ex cathedra. Phr. one's bark being worse than his bite; " beggars mounted run their horse to death " [Henry VI]', quid times? Casarem velds [Plutarch]. 887. Blusterer. — N. bluster-, swagger-, vapor-, roister-, brawl-er; fan- faron; braggart &c. (boaster) 884; bully, terrorist, rough; bulldozer [U. S.], hoodlum, hooligan*, larrikin, roarer*; Mo-hock, -hawk; drawcansir, swash- buckler, Captain Bobadil, Sir Lucius O'Trigger, Thraso, Pistol, Parolles, Bom- bastes Furioso, Hector, Chrononhotonthologos; jingo; desperado, dare-devil, fire eater; fury &c. (violent person) 173; rowdy; slang-whanger *, tough [U. S.]. puppy &c. (fop) 854; prig; Sir Oracle, dogmatist, doctrinaire, jack-in-oflice; saucebox, malapert, jackanapes, minx; bantam-cock. Section III. SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS 1. Social Affections 888. Friendship. — N. friendship, amity; friendliness &c. adj.; brother- hood, fraternity, sodality, confrater- nity; harmony &c. (concord) 714; peace &c. 721. firm -, staunch -, intimate -, familiar -, bosom -, cordial -, tried -, devoted -, lasting -, fast -, sincere -, warm -, ar- dent- friendship. cordiality, fraternization, entente cor- diale, good understanding, rapproche- ment, sympathy, fellow-feeling, response, welcomeness. affection &c. (love) 897; favoritism; good will &c. (benevolence) 906. acquaintance, familiarity, intimacy, intercourse, fellowship, knowledge of; introduction. V. be -friendly &c. adj., - friends &c. 890, - acquainted with &c. adj.; know; have the ear of; keep company with &c. (sociality) 892; hold communication -, have dealings -, sympathize- with; have a leaning to; bear good will &c. (be- nevolent) 906; love &c. 897; make much of; befriend &c. (aid) 707; introduce to. set one's horses together; have the latchstring out [U. S.]; hold out -, ex- tend- the right hand of -friendship, - fellowship; become -friendly &c. adj.; make -friends &c. 890 with; break the ice, be introduced to; make -, pick -, scrape- acquaintance with; get into favor, gain the friendship of. shake hands with, fraternize, embrace; receive with open arms, throw one- self into the arms of ; meet halfway, take in good part. Adj. friendly; amic-able, -al; well-affected, unhostile, neighborly, brotherly, fraternal, sympathetic, harmonious, hearty, cordial, warm-hearted. 307 889. Enmity. — N. enmity, hostil- ity; unfriendliness &c. adj.; discord &c. 713; bitterness, rancor. alienation, estrangement; dislike &c. 867; hate &c. 898. heartburning; animosity &c. 900; malevolence &c. 907. V. be -inimical &c. adj. ; keep -, hold- at arm's length; be at loggerheads; bear malice &c. 907; fall out; take umbrage &c. 900; harden the heart, alienate, es- trange. Adj. inimical, unfriendly, hostile; at -enmity, - variance, - daggers drawn, - open war with; up in arms against; in bad odor with. on bad -, not on speaking- terms; cool; cold, -hearted; estranged, alien- ated, disaffected, irreconcilable. 888 — 893 AFFECTIONS VI. m. 1 friends -, well -, at home -, hand in hand- with; on -good, - friendly, - amicable, - cordial, - familiar, - intimate — terms, - footing; on -speaking, - visiting- terms; in one's good -graces, - books. acquainted, familiar, intimate, thick, hand and glove, hail fellow well met, free and easy; welcome. Adv. amicably &c. adj.', with open arms; saws ceremonie; arm in arm. Phr. amicitia semper prodest [Seneca]; " a mystic bond of brotherhood makes all men one " [Carlyle]; " friendship is love without either flowers or veil " [Hare]; vulgus amicitias utilitate probat [Ovid]. 891. Enemy. — N. enemy; antag- onist; foe, -man; open -, bitter- enemy; opponent &c. 710; back friend. public enemy, enemy to society. Phr. every hand being against one; " he makes no friend who never made a foe " [Ten- nyson]. 890. Friend. — N. friend, - of one's bosom; acquaintance, neighbor, well- wisher; alter ego; bosom -, fast- friend; amicus usque ad aras; fidus Achates; persona grata. favorer, fautor, patron, Mecaenas; tutelary saint, good genius, advocate, partisan, sympathizer; ally; friend in need &c. (auxiliary) 711. associate, compeer, comrade, mate, companion, confrere, camarade, confi- dante; old-, crony; chum; pal; play-fellow, -mate; schoolfellow; bed-fellow, -mate; chamber fellow; class-fellow, -man, -mate; fellow-man, stable com- panion; maid of honor. compatriot; fellow -, countryman. room-, shop-, ship-, mess-mate; fellow -, boon -, pot- companion; co-, partner. Arcades arnbo, Pylades and Orestes, Castor and Pollux, Nisus and Euryalus, Damon and Pythias, par nob He fratrum. host, Amphitryon, Boniface; guest, visitor, protege. Phr. amici probantur rebus adversis; ohne Bruder kann man leben nicht ohne Freund; " best friend, my well-spring in the wilderness " [G. Eliot]; conocidos muchos amigos pocos; " friend more divine than all divinities " [G. Eliot]; vida sin amigo muerte sin testigo. 892. Sociality. — N. soci-ality, -abil- ity, -ableness &c. adj.; social inter- course; consociation; inter-course, -com- munity; consort-, companion-, com- rade-ship ; clubbism ; esprit de corps. conviviality; good- fellowship, - com- pany; joviality, jollity, savoir vivre, festivity, festive board, merrymaking; loving cup; hospitality, heartiness; cheer. welcome, -ness; greeting; hearty -, warm -, welcome- reception; urbanity &c. (courtesy) 894; familiarity. good -, jolly- fellow; bon enfant, baw- cock. social -, family- circle; circle of ac- quaintance, coterie, society, company. social -gathering, - reunion ; assembly &c. (assemblage) 72; barbecue [U. S.], bee; corn-husking [U. S.], -shucking [U. S.].; hen party; house raising; husk- ing, -bee [U. S.]; infare; smoker, -party; sociable [U. S.], stag,tamasha; tea-party, -fight * ; party, entertainment, recep- tion, levee, at home, conversazione, 308 893. Seclusion. Exclusion. — N. seclusion, privacy; retirement; reclu- sion, recess; snugness &c. adj.; delites- cence; rustication, rus in urbe; solitude; solitariness &c. (singleness) 87; isola- tion; loneliness &c. adj.; estrangement from the world, voluntary exile; aloof- ness. cell, hermitage; convent &c. 1000; sanctum sanctorum. depopulation, desertion, desolation; wilderness &c. (unproductive) 169; howl- ing wilderness; rotten borough, Old Sarum. exclusion, excommunication, banish- ment, exile, ostracism, proscription; cut, - direct; dead cut. inhospit-ality, -ableness &c. adj. ; dis- sociability; domesticity, Darby and Joan. recluse, hermit, eremite, cenobite; anchor-et, -ite; Simon Stylites; troglo- dyte, Timon of Athens, Santon, soli- taire, ruralist, disciple of Zimmermann, closet cynic, Diogenes; outcast, Pariah, VI. in. 1 SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS 892 — 895 soiree, matinee; evening -, morning -, afternoon -, garden -, surprise- party; kettle-, drum; partie carree, dish of tea, ridotto, rout, housewarming; ball, fes- tival &c. (amusement) 840; " the feast of reason and the flow of soul " [Pope]. visit, -ing; round of visits; call, morn- ing call; interview &c. (interlocution) 588; assignation; tryst, -ing place; ap- pointment. club &c. (association) 712. V. be -sociable &c. adj.; know; be -acquainted &c. adj. ; associate -, sort -, keep company — , walk hand in hand -with; eat off the same trencher, club together, consort, bear one company, join; make acquaintance with &c. (friendship) 888; make advances, fra- ternize, embrace. be -, feel -, make oneself- at home with; make free with; crack a bottle with; receive hospitality, live at free quarters; find the latchstring out [U. S.]. visit, pay a visit; interchange -visits, - cards; call -at, - upon; leave a card; drop in, look in; look one up, beat up one's quarters. entertain; give a -party &c. n.; be at home, see one's friends, hang out, keep open house, do the honors; receive, - with open arms; welcome; give a warm reception &c. n. to; kill the fatted calf. Adj. sociable, companionable, club- bable, conversable, cosy, cosey, chatty, conversational ; homiletical. convivial; fest-ive, -al; jovial, jolly, hospitable. welcome, - as the roses in May; feted, entertained. free and easy, hail fellow well met, familiar, on visiting terms, acquainted. social, neighborly; international; gre- garious. Adv. en famille, in the family circle; sans -fagon, - ceremonie; arm in arm. Phr. " a crowd is not company " [Bacon]; " be bright and jovial among your guests to- night " [Macbeth]; "his worth is warrant for his welcome" [Two Gentlemen]; "let's be red with mirth " [Winter's Tale]; " welcome the coming speed the parting guest " [Pope]. castaway, pilgarlic; wastrel, foundling; wilding. V. be -, live- secluded &c. adj.; keep -, stand -, hold oneself- -aloof, - in the background; keep snug; shut oneself up; deny -, seclude- oneself; creep into a corner, rusticate, alter planter ses choux; retire, -from the world; take the veil; abandon &c. 624; sport one's oak *. cut, - dead; refuse to -associate with, - acknowledge; look cool -, turn one's back -, shut the door- upon; repel, blackball, excommunicate, exclude, ex- ile, expatriate; banish, outlaw, maroon, ostracize, proscribe, cut off from, send to Coventry, keep at arm's length, draw a cordon round. depopulate; dis-, un-people. Adj. secluded, sequestered, retired, delitescent, private, bye; out of the -world, -way; " the world forgetting by the world forgot" [Pope]. snug, domestic, stay-at-home. unsociable; un-, dis-social; inhospi- table, cynical, inconversable f, unclub- bable, sauvage, troglodytic. solitary; lone-ly, -some; isolated, single. estranged; unfrequented; uninhabit- able, -ed; tenantless; abandoned; de- serted, - in one's utmost need; un- friended; kith-, friend-, home-less; lorn, forlorn, desolate. un-visited, -introduced, -invited, -welcome; under a cloud, left to shift for oneself, derelict, outcast. banished &c. v. Phr. noli me tangere. " among them but not of them " [Byron]; " and homeless near a thousand homes I stood " [Wordsworth]; " far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife " [Gray]; " makes a sol- itude and calls it peace " [Byron]; magna civi- tas magna solitudo; " never less alone than when alone " [Rogers]; " O sacred solitude! di- vine retreat! " [Young]. 894. Courtesy. — N. courtesy; re- spect &c. 928; good- manners, - be- havior, - breeding; manners; politeness &c. adj. ; bienseance, urbanity, comity, gentility, breeding, polish, presence; civili-ty, -zation; amenity, suavity; good -temper, - humor; amiability, 895. Discourtesy. — N. discourtesy; ill-breeding; ill -, bad -, ungainly- man- ners; insuavity; uncourteousness &c. adj.; rusticity, inurbanity; illiberality, incivility, displacency. disrespect &c. 929; procacity, impu- dence; barbar-ism, -ity; misbehavior, 309 894 — 895 AFFECTIONS VI. in. 1 easy temper, complacency, soft tongue, mansuetude; condescension &c. (hu- mility) 879; affability, complaisance, provenance, amability, gallantry; pink of -politeness, - courtesy. compliment; fair -, soft -, sweet- words; honeyed phrases, ceremonial; salutation, reception, presentation, in- troduction, accueil, greeting, recognition; welcome, abord t, respects, devoir, re- gards, remembrances; kind -regards, - remembrances; love, best love, duty; empty encomium, flattering remark, hollow commendation; salaams. obeisance &c. (reverence) 928; bow, courtesy, curtsy, scrape, salaam, kotow, bowing and scraping; kneeling; genu- flection &c. (worship) 990; obsequious- ness &c. 88G; capping, shaking hands, &c. v.; grip of the hand, embrace, hug, squeeze, accolade, loving cup, vin d'hon- neur, pledge; love token &c. (endear- ment) 902; kiss, buss, salute. mark of recognition, nod; " nods and becks and wreathed smiles" [Milton]; valediction &c. 293; condolence &c. 915. V. be -courteous &c. adj. ; show -cour- tesy &c. n. mind one's P's and Q's, behave oneself, be all things to all men, conciliate, speak one fair, take in good part; make -, do- the amiable; look as if butter would not melt in one's mouth; mend one's manners. receive, do the honors, usher, greet, hail, bid welcome; welcome, - with open arms; shake hands; hold out -, press -, squeeze- the hand; bid God- speed; speed the parting guest; cheer, serenade. salute; embrace &c. (endearment) 902; kiss, - hands; drink to, pledge, hob and nob; move to, nod to; smile upon. uncover, cap; touch -, take off- the hat; doff the cap; present arms; make way for; bow; make -one's bow, - a leg; scrape, curtsy, courtesy; bob a -curtsy, - courtesy; kneel; bow -, bend- the knee. visit, wait upon, present oneself, pay one's respects, pay a visit &c. (socia- bility) 892; dance attendance on &c. (servility) 886; pay attentions to; do homage to &c. (respect) 928. prostrate oneself &c. (worship) 990. give -, send- one's duty &c. n. to. render -polite &c. adj. ; polish, civilize, Adj. courteous, polite, civil, mannerly, 310 brutality, blackguardism, conduct unbe- coming a gentleman, grossierete, brus- querie; vulgarity &c. 851. churlishness &c. adj.; spinosity, per- versity; moroseness &c. (sullenness) 901a. sternness &c. adj.; austerity; moodish- ness, captiousness &c. 901; cynicism; tartness &c. adj.; acrimony, acerbity, virulence, asperity. scowl, black looks, frown; short an- swer, rebuff; hard words, contumely; un- parliamentary language, personality. bear, bruin, brute, blackguard, beast; unlicked cub; frump, crosspatch; sauce- box &c. 887; crooked stick; grizzly. V. be -rude &c. adj.; insult &c. 929; treat with discourtesy; take a name in vain; make -bold, - free- with; take a liberty; stare out of countenance, ogle, point at, put to the blush. cut; turn -one's back upon, - on one's heel; give the cold shoulder; keep at -a distance, - arm's length; look -cool, - coldly, - black- upon; show the door to, send away with a flea in the ear. lose one's temper &c. (resentment) 900; sulk &c. 901a; frown, scowl, glower, pout; snap, snarl, growl. render -rude &c. adj. ; brut-alize, -ify. Adj. dis-, un-courteous; uncourtly; ill-bred, -mannered, -behaved, -condi- tioned; unbred; unmanner-ly, -ed; im-, un-polite; un-polished, -civilized, -gen- teel; ungentleman-like, -ly; unladylike; blackguard; vulgar &c. 851; dedecorous; foul-mouthed -spoken; abusive. un-civil, -gracious, -ceremonious; cool; pert, forward, obtrusive, impu- dent, rude, saucy, precocious. repulsive; un-complaisant, -accommo- dating, -neighborly, -gallant; inaffable; un-gentle, -gainly; rough, rugged, bluff, blunt, gruff; churl-, boor-, bear-ish; brutal, brusque; stern, harsh, austere; cavalier. tart, sour, crabbed, sharp, short, tren- chant, sarcastic, biting, doggish, caustic, virulent, bitter, acrimonious, venomous, contumelious; snarling &c. v.; surly, - as a bear; perverse; grim, sullen &c. 901a; peevish &c. (irascible) 901. Adv. discourteously &c. adj.; with -discourtesy &c. n., - a bad grace. humanize, urbane; well-behaved, -mannered, VI. in. 1 SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS 894 — 898 -bred, -brought up; good-mannered, polished, civilized, cultivated; refined &c. (taste) 850; gentlemanlike &c. (fashion) 852; gallant; on one's good be- havior. fine -, fair-, soft- spoken; honey-mouthed, -tongued; oily, bland; obliging, conciliatory, complaisant, complacent; obsequious &c. 886. ingratiating, winning; gentle, mild; good-humored, cordial, gracious, affa- ble, familiar; neighborly. Adv. courteously &c. adj.; with a good grace; with -open, - outstretched- arms; a bras ouverts; suaviter in modo, in good humor. Int. hail! welcome! well met! ave! all hail! good -day, -morrow! Godspeed! pax vobiscum! may your shadow never be less! Phr. rien de plus estimable que la ceremonie; " the very pink of courtesy " [Romeo and Juliet]. 896. Congratulation. — N. con-, gratulation; felicitation; salute &c. 894; condolence &c. 915; compliments of the season. V. con-, gratulate; felicitate; give -, wish one- joy; compliment; tender -, offer- one's congratulations; wish -many happy returns of the day, - a merry Christmas and a happy new year. congratulate oneself &c. (rejoice) 838. Adj. con-, gratulatory. Phr. " I wish you all the joy that you can wish " [Merchant of Venice], 897. Love. — N. love; fondness &c. adj.; liking; inclination &c. (desire) 865; regard, clilection f, admiration, fancy. affection, sympathy, fellow-feeling ; tenderness &c. adj.; heart, brotherly love; benevolence &c. 906; attachment. yearning, epws, tender passion, amour; gyneolatry; gallantry, passion, flame, devotion, fervor, enthusiasm, transport of love, rapture, enchantment, infatua- tion, adoration, idolatry. Cupid, Venus; myrtle; true lover's knot; love -token, - suit, - affair, - tale, - story; the old story, plighted love; courtship &c. 902; amourette; free-love. maternal love, o-Topyy. attractiveness; popularity; favorite &c. 899. lover, suitor, follower, admirer, ador- er, wooer, amoret, beau, sweetheart, inamorato, swain, young man, flame, love, truelove; leman, Lothario, gallant, paramour, amoroso, cavaliere servente, captive, cicisbeo; caro sposo. inamorata, ladylove, idol, darling, duck, Dulcmea, angel, goddess, cara sposa. betrothed, affianced, fiancee. flirt, coquette ; amorette ; pair of turtle- doves; abode of love, agapemone. V. love, like, affect, fancy, care for, take an interest in, be partial to, sym- pathize with; affection; be -in love &c. adj.- with; have -, entertain -, harbor -, 898. Hate. — N. hate, hatred, vials of hate. dis-affection, -favor; alienation, es- trangement, coolness; enmity &c. 889; animosity &c. 900. umbrage, pique, grudge; dudgeon, spleen; bitterness, - of feeling; ill -, bad- blood; acrimony; malice &c. 907; im- placability &c. (revenge) 919. repugnance &c. (dislike) 867; demono-, gyne-, negro-phobia; odium, unpopu- larity; detestation, antipathy; object of -hatred, - execration; abomination, aversion, bete noire; enemy &c. 891; bitter pill; source of annoyance &c. 830. V. hate, detest, abominate, abhor, loathe; recoil -, shudder- at; shrink from, view with horror, hold in abomin- ation, revolt against, execrate; scowl &c. 895; disrelish &c. (dislike) 867. owe a grudge ; bear -spleen, - a grudge, - malice &c. (malevolence) 907; con- ceive an aversion to. excite -, provoke- hatred &c. n.; be -hateful &c. adj.; stink in the nostrils; estrange, alienate, repel, set against, sow dissension, set by the ears, envenom, incense, irritate, rile; horrify &c. 830; roil. Adj. hating &c. v.; abhorrent; averse from &c. (disliking) 867; set against. bitter &c. (acrimonious) 895; impla- cable &c. (revengefid) 919. un-loved, -belovad, -lamented, -de- 311 897 — 900 AFFECTIONS VI. in. 1 plored, -mourned, -cared for, -endeared, -valued; disliked &c. 867. crossed in love, forsaken, rejected, lovelorn, jilted. obnoxious, hateful, odious, abomin- able, repulsive, offensive, shocking; dis- gusting &c. (disagreeable) 830; repre- hensible. invidious, spiteful; malicious &c. 907. insulting, irritating, provoking. [Mutual hate] at daggers drawn; not on speaking terms &c. (enmity) 889; at loggerheads. Phr. no love lost between. cherish- a -love &c. n. for; regard, re- vere; take to, bear love to, be wedded to; set one's affections on; make much of, feast one's eyes on; hold dear, prize; hug, cling to, cherish, pet. burn; adore, idolize, love to distrac- tion, aimer eperdument; dote- on, - upon. take a fancy to, look sweet upon; be- come -enamored &c. adj.; fall in love with, lose one's heart; desire &c. 865. excite love; win -, gain -, secure -, engage- the -love, - affections, - heart; take the fancy of; have a place in -, wind round- the heart; attract, attach, endear, charm, fascinate, captivate, be- witch, seduce, enamor, enrapture, turn the head. get into favor; ingratiate -, insinuate -, worm- oneself; propitiate, curry favor with, pay one's court to, faire Vaimable, set one's cap at, flirt. Adj. loving &c. v.; fond of; taken -, struck- with; smitten, bitten; attached to, wedded to; enamored; charmed &c. v.; in love; love-sick; over head and ears in love. affectionate, tender, sweet upon, sympathetic, loving; amorous, amatory; fond, erotic, uxorious, ardent, passionate, rapturous, devoted, motherly. loved &c. v.; beloved; well -, dearly- beloved; dear, precious, darling, pet, little; favorite, popular. congenial; to -, after- one's -mind, - taste, - fancy, - own heart. in one's good -graces &c. (friendly) 888; dear as the apple of one's eye, near- est to one's heart. lovable, adorable; lovefy, sweet; attractive, seductive, winning; charming, engaging, interesting, enchanting, captivating, fascinating, bewitching; amia- ble, like an angel. Phr. amantes amenles [Terence] ; credula res amor est [Ovid] ; militat omnis amasius [Ovid] ; omnia vincit amor [Vergil]; si vis amari ama [Seneca]; " the sweetest joy, the wildest woe " [Bailey]. 899. Favorite. — N. favorite, pet, cosset, minion, idol, jewel, spoiled child, enfant gate; led captain; crony; fondling; apple of one's eye, man after one's own heart; persona grata. love, dear, darling, duck, honey, jewel; mopsey, moppet; sweetheart &c. (love) 897. general -, universal- favorite ; idol of the people. 900. Resentment. — N. resentment, displeasure, animosity, anger, wrath, indignation ; exasperation, bitter resentment, wrathful indignation. pique, umbrage, huff, miff, soreness, dudgeon, acerbity, virulence, bitterness, acrimony, asperity, spleen, gall; heart-burning, -swelling; rankling. ill -, bad- -humor, - temper; irascibility &c. 901; ill blood &c. (hate) 898; revenge &c. 919. excitement, irritation; warmth, bile, choler, ire, fume, pucker, dander, fer- ment, ebullition ; towering passion, acharnement, angry mood, taking, pet, tiff, passion, fit, tantrums. burst, explosion, paroxysm, storm, rage, fury, desperation; violence &c. 173; fire and fury ; vials of wrath ; gnashing of teeth, hot blood, high words. scowl &c. 895; sulks &c. 901a. [Cause of umbrage] affront, provocation, offense; indignity &c. (insult) 929; grudge, crow to pluck, sore subject, casus belli; ill turn, outrage. Furies, Eumenides. 312 VI. in. 1 SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS 900 — 901 buffet, slap in the face, box on the ear, rap on the knuckles. V. resent; take -amiss, - ill, - to heart, - offense, - umbrage, - huff, - excep- tion; take in -ill part, - bad part, - dudgeon; ne pas entendre raillerie ; breathe revenge, cut up rough. fly -, fall -, get- into a -rage, - passion; bridle -, bristle -, froth -, fire -, flare- up; open -, pour out- the vials of one's wrath. pout, knit the brow, frown, scowl, lower, snarl, growl, gnarl, gnash, snap; redden, color; look -black, - black as thunder, - daggers; bite one's thumb; show -, grind- one's teeth; champ the bit. chafe, mantle, fume, kindle, fly out, take fire; boil, - over; boil with- indigna- tion, - rage; rage, storm, foam; vent one's -rage, - spleen; lose one's temper, stand on one's hind legs, stamp the foot ; stamp --, quiver -, swell -, foam- with rage; burst with anger; raise Cain. have a fling at; bear malice &c. {revenge) 919. cause -, raise- anger; affront, offend; give -offense, - umbrage; anger; hurt the feelings; insult, discompose, fret, ruffle, nettle, huff, pique; excite &c. 824; irritate, stir the blood, stir up bile; sting, - to the quick; rile, provoke, chafe, wound, incense, inflame, enrage, aggravate, add fuel to the flame, fan into a flame, widen the breach, envenom, embitter, exasperate, infuriate, kindle wrath; stick in one's gizzard; rankle &c. 919; hit -, rub -, sting -, strike- on the raw. put out of -countenance, - humor; put one's -monkey, - back -up; raise one's -gorge, - dander, - choler; work up into a passion; make -one's blood boil, - the ears tingle; throw into a ferment, madden, drive one mad; lash into -fury, - madness; fool to the top of one's bent; set by the ears. bring a hornet's nest about one's ears. Adj. angry, wrath, irate; ire-, wrath-ful; cross &c. (irascible) 901; Achillean; sulkv &c. 901a; bitter, virulent; acrimonious &c. (discourteous) &c. 895; violent &c. 173. warm, burning; boiling, - over; fuming, raging; foaming, - at the mouth; convulsed with rage. offended &c. v.; waxy, acharne; wrought, worked up; indignant, hurt, sore; set against. fierce, wild, rageful, furious, mad with rage, fiery, infuriate, rabid, savage; relentless &c. 919. flushed with -anger, - rage ; in a -huff, - stew, - fume, - pucker, - passion, - rage, - fury, - taking, - way; on one's high ropes, up in arms; in high dudgeon. Adv. angrily &c. adj.; in the height of passion; in the heat of -passion, - the moment. Int. tantcene animis coelestibus iros [Vergil]! marry come up! zounds! 'sdeath! Phr. one's -blood, - back, - monkey- being up; fervens difficili bile jecur; the gorge rising, eyes flashing fire; the blood -rising, - boiling; hceret lateri lethalis arundo [Vergil] ; " beware the fury of a patient man " [Dryden] ; furor arma ministrat I Vergil]; ira furor brevis est [Horace]; quern Jupiter vult perdere dementat prius; " what, drunk with choler? " [Henry IV]. 901. Irascibility. — N. irascibility, irascibleness, temper; crossness &c. adj.; susceptibility, procacity, petulance, irritability, tartness, acerbity, protervity; pugnacity &c. (contentiousness) 720. excitability &c. 825; bad -, fiery -, crooked -, irritable &c. adj.- temper; genus irritabile, hot blood. ill humor &c. (sullenness) 901a; asperity &c, churlishness &c. (discourtesy) 895. huff &c. (resentment) 900; a word and a blow. Sir Fretful Plagiary; brabbler, Tartar; shrew, vixen, virago, termagant, dragon, scold, Xantippe; porcupine; spitfire; fire eater &c. (blusterer) 887; fury &c. (violent person) 173. V. be -irascible &c. adj.; have a -temper &c. n. } - devil in one; fire up &c. {be angry) 900. 313 901—902 AFFECTIONS VI. in. 1 Adj. irascible; bad-, ill-tempered; irritable, susceptible; excitable &c. 825; thin-skinned &c. {sensitive) 822; fretful, fidgety; on the fret. hasty, overhasty, quick, warm, hot, testy, touchy, techy, tetchy; like -touch- wood, tinder; huffy; pet-tish, -ulant; waspish, snappish, peppery, fiery, pas- sionate, choleric, shrewish, " sudden and quick in quarrel " [As You Like It]. querulous, captious, moodish; quarrelsome, contentious, disputatious; pug- nacious &c. (bellicose) 720; cantankerous, exceptious; restiff &c. (perverse) 901a; churlish &c. (discourteous) 895. cross, - as -crabs, - two sticks, - a cat, - a dog, - the tongs; fractious, peevish, acaridtre. in a bad temper; sulky &c. 901a; angry &c. 900. resent-ful, -ive; vindictive &c. 919. Int. pish! Phr. a vieux comptes nouvelles disputes; quamvis tegatur proditur vultu furor [Seneca]; vino tortus et ird [Horace]. 901a. Sullenness. — N. sullenness &c. adj.; morosity, spleen; churlishness &c. (discourtesy) 895; irascibility &c. 901. moodiness &c. adj.; perversity; obstinacy &c. 606; torvity f, spinosity; crab- bedness &c. adj. ill -, bad- -temper, - humor; sulks, dudgeon, mumps, dumps, doldrums, fit of the sulks, bouderie, black looks, scowl; grouch; huff &c. (resentment) 900. V. be -sullen &c. adj.; sulk; frown, scowl, lower, glower, gloam, pout, have a hangdog look, glout. Adj. sullen, sulky; ill-tempered, -humored, -affected, -disposed; grouty [U. S.]; in -an ill, - a bad, - a shocking- -temper, - humor; out of -temper, - humor; knaggy, torvous, crusty, crabbed; sour, - as a crab; surly &c. (discour- teous) 895. moody; spleen-ish, -ly; splenetic, cankered. cross, -grained; perverse, wayward, humorsome; rest-iff, -ive; cantankerous, intractable, exceptious, sinistrous, deaf to reason, unaccommodating, rusty, froward; cussed [U. S.]. dogged &c. (stubborn) 606. grumpy, glum, grim, grum, morose, frumpish; in the -sulks &c. n.; out of sorts; scowl-, glower-, growl-ing; grouchy. peevish &c. (irascible) 901. 902. [Expression of affection or love.] Endearment. — N. endearment, caress; blandish-, blandi-ment f; epanchement, fondling, billing and cooing, dalliance; caressing. embrace, salute, kiss, buss, smack, osculation, deosculation f; amorous glances. courtship, wooing, suit, addresses, the soft impeachment; love-making; sere- nading; caterwauling. flirting &c. v.; flirtation, gallantry; coquetry. true lover's knot, plighted love; love -tale, - token, - letter; billet-doux, valentine. honeymoon; Strephon and Chloe. V. caress, fondle, pet, dandle; pat, - on the -head, - cheek; chuck under the chin, smile upon, coax, wheedle, cosset, coddle, cocker, cockle; make -of, - much of; cherish, foster, kill with kindness. clasp, hug, cuddle; fold -, strain- in one's arms; nestle, nuzzle; embrace, kiss, buss, smack, blow a kiss; salute &c. (courtesy) 894; fold to the heart, press to the bosom. bill and coo, spoon, toy, dally, flirt, coquet; galli-, gala-vant; philander; make love; pay one's -court, - addresses - attentions- to; serenade; court, 314 VI. in. 2 SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS 902 —907 woo; set one's cap at; be -, look- sweet upon; ogle, cast sheep's eyes upon; fairc les yeux doux. fall in love with, win the affections &c. (love) 897; die for. propose; make - have- ^n offer; pop the question; plight one's -troth, - faith. . Adj. caressing &c. v.; "sighing like furnace" [Shakespeare]; love-sick, spoony. caressed &c. V. Phr. " faint heart ne'er won fair lady "; " kisses honeyed by oblivion " [G. Eliot]. 903. Marriage. — N. marriage, mat- rimony, wedlock, union, intermarriage, miscegenation, vinculum matrimonii, nuptial tie. married state, coverture, bed, cohabi- tation. match; betrothment &c. (promise) 768; wedding, nuptials, Hymen, bridal; e-, spousals; leading to the altar &c. v.; nuptial benediction, epithalamium; seal- ing. torch -, temple- of Hymen; hymeneal altar; honeymoon. brides-maid, -man; bride, bridegroom. married -man, - woman, - couple; neogamist, Benedict, partner, spouse, mate, yokemate; husband, man, con- sort, baron; old -, good- man; wife, - of one's bosom; helpmate, rib, better half, gray mare, old woman, good wife; feme, - coverte ; squaw, lady ; matron, -age, -hood; man and wife; wedded pair, Darby and Joan; spiritual wife. mono-, bi-, di-, deutero-, tri-, poly- gamy; mormonism; levirate; spiritual wife-ry, -ism; polyandrism; Turk, Bluebeard. unlawful-, left-handed -, morganatic -, ill-assorted- marriage; mesalliance; mariage de convenance. marriage broker; matrimonial -agency, - agent, - bureau; schatchen. V. marry, wive, take to oneself a wife; be -married, - spliced; go -, pair- off; wed, espouse, lead to the hymeneal altar, take "for better for worse," give one's hand to, bestow one's hand upon. marry, join, handfast; couple &c. (unit) 43; tie the nuptial knot; give -away, - in marriage; seal; affy, affiance; betroth &c. (promise) 768; publish -, bid- the banns; be asked in church. Adj. married &c. v.] one, - bone and one flesh. marriageable, nubile. engaged, betrothed, affianced. matrimonial, marital, conjugal, connubial, wedded; nuptial, hymeneal, spousal, bridal. Phr. the gray mare the better horse ;" a world-wit hout-end bargain" [Love's Labor's Lost] ; "marriages are made in Heaven " [Tennyson] ; " render me worthy of this noble wife " [Julius Ccesar]; si qua voles apte nubere nube pari [Ovid]. 904. Celibacy. — N. celibacy, single- ness, single blessedness; bachelor-hood, -ship; miso-gamy, -gyny. virginity, pucelage; maiden-hood, -head. unmarried man, bachelor, Ccelebs, agamist, old bachelor; miso-gamist, -gynist; monogamist; monk. unmarried woman, spinster; maid, -en; virgin, feme sole, old maid; bachelor- girl, girl-bachelor; nun. V. live single. Adj. un-married, -wedded; wife-, spouse-less; single. 905. Divorce. — N. divorce, -ment; separation; judicial separation, separate maintenance ; separatio a -mensd et thoro, - vinculo matrimonii. widowhood, viduity, weeds. widow, -er; relict; dowager; divorcee; cuckold; grass widow, -er. V. live separate; separate, divorce, disespouse, put away ; wear the horns. 906. Benevolence. — N. benevo lence, Christian charity; God's -love, - 2. Diffusive Sympathetic Affections 907. Malevolence. — N. malevo- lence; bad intent, -ion; un-, dis-kind- 315 906 — 907 AFFECTIONS VI. in. 2 grace; good will; philanthropy &c. 910; unselfishness &c. 942. good -nature, - feeling, - wishes; kind-, kindli-ness &c. adj. ; loving-kind- ness, benignity, brotherly love, charity, humanity, fellow- feeling, sympathy; goodness-, warmth- of heart; bonhomie; kind-heartedness; amiability, milk of human kindness, tenderness; love &c. 897; friendship &c. 888. toleration, consideration, generosity; mercy &c. (pity) 914. charitableness &c. adj. ; bounty, alms- giving; good works, beneficence, " the luxury of doing good " [Goldsmith]. acts of kindness, a good turn; good -, kind- -offices, - treatment. good Samaritan, sympathizer, bon en- fant; altruist. V. be -benevolent &c. adj.; have one's heart in the right place, bear good will; wish -well, - Godspeed; view -, regard- with an eye of favor; take in good part; take -, feel- an interest in; be -, feel- interested- in; sympathize with, feel for; fraternize &c. {be friendly) 888. enter into the feelings of others, do as you would be done by, meet halfway. treat well; give comfort, smooth the bed of death; do -good, - a good turn; benefit &c. (goodness) 648; render a serv- ice, be of use; aid &c. 707. Adj. benevolent; kind, -ly; well- meaning; amiable; obliging, accommo- dating, indulgent, gracious, complacent, good-humored. warm-, kind-, tender-, large-, broad- hearted; merciful &c. 914; charitable, beneficent, humane, benignant; bount- eous, -iful. good-, well-natured; spleenless; sym- pathizing, -etic; complaisant &c. (cour- teous) 894; well-meant, -intentioned. fatherly, motherly, brotherly, sisterly; pat-, mat-, frat-ernal; sororal; friendly &c. 888. Adv. with -a good intention, - the best intentions. Int. Godspeed! much good may it do! Phr. "act a charity sometimes'' [Lamb]; " a tender heart, a will inflexible " [Longfel- low]; de mortuis nil nisi bonum; " kind words are more than coronets" [Tennyson]; quando amigo pide no hay manana; " the social smile, the sympathetic tear " [Gray]. ness; ill -nature, - will, - blood; bad blood; enmity &c. 889; hate &c. 898; malignity; malice, - prepense; mali- ciousness &c. adj.; spite, despite; resent- ment &c. 900. uncharitableness &c. adj.] incompas- sionateness &c. 914a; gall, venom, ran- cor, rankling, virulence, mordacity, ac- erbity; churlishness &c. (discourtesy)S95. hardness of heart, heart of stone, ob- duracy; cruelty; cruelness &c. adj.; brutality, savagery; fer-ity, -ocity; bar- barity, inhumanity, immanity f, trucu- lence, ruffianism; evil eye, cloven foot; torture, vivisection. ill -, bad- turn; affront &c. (disrespect) 929; outrage, atrocity; ill usage; intoler- ance, persecution; tender mercies [ironi- cal]; " unkindest cut of all" [J. Caesar]. V. be -malevolent &c. adj.; bear -, harbor- -spleen, - a grudge, - malice; betray -, show- the cloven foot. hurt &c. (physical pain) 378; annoy &c. 830; injure, harm, wrong; do -harm, - an ill office- to; outrage; disoblige, malign, plant a thorn in the breast. molest, worry, harass, haunt, harry, bait, tease; throw stones at; play the devil with; hunt down, dragoon, hound; persecute, oppress, grind; maltreat; ill- treat, -use. wreak one's malice on, do one's worst, break a butterfly on the wheel; dip -, imbrue- one's hands in blood; have no mercy &c. 914a. Adj. male-, unbene-volent ; unbenign; ill-disposed, -intentioned, -natured, -conditioned, -contrived; evil-minded, -disposed ; black-browed. malicious; malign, -ant; rancorous; de-, spiteful; mordacious, caustic, bit- ter, envenomed, acrimonious, virulent; un-amiable, -charitable; maleficent, ven- omous, grinding, galling. harsh, disobliging; un-kind, -friendly, -gracious; inofficious; invidious; uncan- did; churlish &c. (uncourteous) 895; surly, sullen &c. 901a. cold, -blooded, -hearted; black-, hard-, flint-, marble-, stony-hearted; hard of heart, unnatural; ruthless &c. (unmerciful) 914a; relentless &c. (re- vengeful) 919. cruel; brut-al, -ish; savage, - as a -bear, - tiger; fer-ine, -ocious; inhuman; barbarous, fell, untamed, tameless, truculent, incendiary; bloodthirsty &c. (murderous) 361; atrocious; bloodyminded. 316 VI. in. 2 SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS 907 — 911 fiend-ish, -like; demoniacal; diabolic, -al; devilish, infernal, hellish, Sa- tanic; Tartarean. Adv. malevolently &c. adj. ; with -bad intent &c. n. Phr. cruel as death; " hard unkindness' alter'd eye " [Gray]; homo homini lupus [Plau- tus]; mala mens malus animus [Terence]; " rich gifts wax poor when givers prove unkind " [Hamlet]; " sharp-tooth'd unkindness " [Lcar\. 908. Malediction. — N. malediction, malison, curse, imprecation, denun- ciation, execration, anathema, ban, proscription, excommunication, commina- tion, thunders of the Vatican, fulmination, maranatha; aspersion, disparage- ment, vilification, vituperation. abuse; foul -, bad -, strong -, unparliamentary- language; billingsgate, sauce, evil speaking; cursing &c. v.; profane swearing, oath; foul invective, ribaldry, rude reproach, scurrility. threat &c. 909; more bark than bite; invective &c. (disapprobation) 932. V. curse, accurse, imprecate, damn, swear at; curse with bell book and candle; invoke -, call down- curses on the head of; devote to destruction. execrate, beshrew, scold; anathematize &c. (censure) 932; hold up to execra- tion, denounce, proscribe, excommunicate, fulminate, thunder against; threaten &c. 909. curse and swear; swear, - like a trooper; fall a cursing, rap out an oath, damn. Adj. curs-ing, -ed &c. v. Int. woe to! beshrew! ruat coelum! ill -, woe- betide; confusion seize! damn! confound! blast! curse! devil take! hang! out with! a plague -, out- upon! aroynt! honi soit! parbleu! Phr. delenda est Carthago. 909. Threat. — N. threat, menace; defiance &c. 715; abuse, minacity, in- timidation; denunciation; fulmination; commination &c. (curse) 908; gathering clouds &c. (warning) 668. V. threat, -en; menace; snarl, growl, gnarl, mutter, bark, bully. defy &c. 715; intimidate &c. 860; keep -, hold up -, hold out- in terrorem; shake -, double -, clinch- the fist at; thunder, talk big, fulminate, use big words, bluster, look daggers. Adj. threatening, menacing; mina-tory, -cious; comminatory, abusive; in terrorem; ominous &c. (predicting) 511; defiant &c. 715; under the ban. Int. vob victis! at your peril! do your worst! 911. Misanthropy. — N. misanthro- py, incivism; egotism &c. (selfishness) 943; moroseness &c. 901a; cynicism. misanthrope, misanthropist, egotist, cynic, man hater, Timon, Diogenes. woman hater, misogynist. Adj. misanthropic, antisocial, unpa- triotic; egotistical &c. (selfish) 943; mo- rose &c. 901a. 910. Philanthropy. — N. philan- thropy; humanit-y, -arianism; univer- sal benevolence; endsemonism, delicice humani generis; cosmopolitanism, utili- tarianism, the greatest happiness of the greatest number, social science, sociol- ogy. common weal ; socialism, communism ; Fourierism, phalansterianism, Saint Si- mon ianism. patriotism, civism, nationality, love of country, amor patrice, public spirit. chivalry, knight errantry; generosity &c. 942. philanthropist, endsemonist, utilitarian, Benthamite, socialist, communist, cosmopolite, citizen of the world, amicus humani generis; knight errant; pa- triot. Adj. philanthropic, humanitarian, utilitarian, cosmopolitan; public- spirited, patriotic; humane, large-hearted &c. (benevolent) 906; chivalric; gen- erous &c. 942. Adv. pro -bono publico, - aris etfocis [Cicero]. Phr. humani nihil a me alienitm puto [Terence]; omne solum forti patria [Ovid]; un bien fait n'est jamais perdu. 317 912 — 914a AFFECTIONS VI. in. 3 912. Benefactor. — N. benefactor, savior, good genius, tutelary saint, guardian angel, good Samaritan; pater patriae; salt of the earth &c. (good man) 948; auxiliary &c. 711. 913. [Maleficent being.] Evil doer. — N. evil -doer, - worker; wrongdoer &c. 949; mischief-maker, marplot; op- pressor, tyrant; firebrand, incendiary, fire bug [U. S.], pyromaniac; anarchist, destroyer, Vandal, iconoclast; commu- nist; terrorist. savage, brute, ruffian, barbarian, semibarbarian, caitiff, desperado; Apache, hoodlum, plug-ugly * [U. S.], Red Skin, tough [U. S.]; Mo-hock, -hawk; blud- geon man, bully, rough, hooligan,* larrikin, dangerous classes, ugly customer; thief &c. 792. cockatrice, scorpion, hornet; viper, adder; snake, - in the grass; serpent, cobra, asp, rattlesnake, anaconda; canker-, wire-worm; locust, Colorado beetle; alacran, alligator, caymon, crocodile, mosquito, mugger, octopus; torpedo; bane &c. 663. cannibal; anthropophag-us, -ist; bloodsucker, vampire, ogre, ghoul, go- rilla; vulture; gyr-, ger-falcon. wild beast, tiger, hyena, butcher, hangman; cutthroat &c. (killer) 361; blood-, hell-, sleuth-hound; catamount [U. S.], cougar, jaguar, puma, hag, hellhag, beldam, Jezebel. monster; fiend &c. (demon) 980; devil incarnate, demon in human shape; Frankenstein's monster. harpy, siren; Furies, Eumenides. Attila, scourge of the human race. Phr. faemmi habet in cornu. 3. Special Sympathetic Affections 914a. Pitilessness. — N. pitilessness &c, adj.; inclemency; severity &c. 739; malevolence &c. 907. V. have no -, shut the gates of- mercy &c. 914; give no quarter. Adj. piti-, merci-, ruth-, bowel-less; unpi tying, unmerciful, inclement; grim- faced, -visaged; in-, un-compassionate; inexorable; harsh &c. 739; cruel &c. 907; unrelenting &c. 919. 914. Pity. — N. pity, compassion, commiseration; bowels, - of compas- sion; sympathy, fellow-feeling, tender- ness, yearning, forbearance, humanity, mercy, clemency; leniency &c. (lenity) 740; charity, ruth, long-suffering. melting mood ; argumentum, ad miseri- cordiam; quarter, grace, locus poeniten- tice. sympathizer; advocate, friend, par- tisan, patron, wellwisher. V. pity; have -, show -, take- pity &c. n.; commiserate, compassionate; condole &c. 915; sympathize; feel -, be sorry -, yearn- for; weep, melt, thaw, enter into the feelings of. forbear, relent, relax, give quarter, wipe the tears, parcere subjectis, give a coup de grace, put out of one's misery. raise -, excite- pity &c. n.; touch, soften; melt, - the heart; propitiate, dis- arm. ask for -mercy &c. n.; supplicate &c. (request) 765; cry for quarter, beg one's life, kneel; deprecate. Adj. pitying &c. v. ; pitiful, compassionate, sympathetic, touched. merciful, clement, ruthful; humane; humanitarian &c. (philanthropic) 910; tender, - hearted, - as a chicken; soft, - hearted; unhardened; lenient &c. 740; exorable, forbearing; melting &c. v.; weak. Int. for pity's sake! mercy! have -, cry you- mercy! God help you! poor -thing, - dear, - fellow! woe betide! quis taliafando temperet a lachrymis! [Ver.]. Phr, one's heart bleeding for; hand ignara mali miseris succurrere disco [Vergil] ; " a fellow feeling makes one wondrous kind " [Garrick]; onor di bocca assai giova e poco costa. 318 VI. ::n. 4 SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS 915 — 919 915. Condolence. — N. condolence; lamentation &c. 839; sympathy, con- solation. V. condole with, console, sympathize ; express -, testify- pity ; afford -, supply- consolation; lament &c. 839- with; express sympathy for; feel -grief, - sorrow- in common with; share one's sorrow. 4. Retrospective Sympathetic Affections 916. Gratitude. — N. gratitude, thankfulness, feeling of -, sense of- obli- gation. acknowledgment, recognition, thanks- giving, giving thanks; thankful good will. thanks, praise, benediction; paean; Te Deum &c. (worship) 990; grace, - before, - after- meat; thank offering. requital. V. be -grateful &c. adj.; thank; give -, render -, return -, offer -, tender- thanks &c. n. ; acknowledge, requite. feel -, be -, lie- under an obligation; savoir gre; not look a gift horse in the mouth; never forget, overflow with grat- itude; thank -, bless- one's stars; fall on one's knees. Adj. grateful, thankful, obliged, beholden, indebted to, under obligation. Int. thanks! many thanks! gramercy! much obliged! thank you! thank Heaven! Heaven be praised! 917. Ingratitude. — N. ingratitude, thanklessness, oblivion of benefits, un- thankfulness. " benefits forgot "; thankless -task, - office. V. be -ungrateful &c. adj.; forget benefits; look a gift horse in the mouth. Adj. un-grateful, -mindful, -thank- ful; thankless, ingrate, wanting in grati- tude, insensible of benefits. forgotten; un-acknowledged, -thank- ed, -requited, -rewarded; ill-requited. Int. thank you for nothing! " et tu Brute! " [Julius Ccesar}. Phr. " ingratitude! thou marble-hearted fiend " [Lear]. 918. Forgiveness. — N. forgiveness, pardon, condonation, grace, remission, absolution, amnesty, oblivion; indul- gence; reprieve. conciliation; reconcilement; reconcili- ation &c. ('pacification) 723; propitia- tion. excuse, exoneration, quittance, release, indemnity; bill -, act -, covenant -, deed- of indemnity; exculpation &c. (ac- quittal) 970. longanimity, placability; amantium irce; locus pcenitentice ; forbearance. V. forgive, - and forget; pardon, con- done, think no more of, let bygones be bygones, shake hands; forget an injury. excuse, pass over, overlook; wink at &c. (neglect) 460; bear with; allow -, make allowances- for; let one down easily, not be too hard upon, pocket the affront. let off, remit, absolve, give absolution, reprieve; acquit &c. 970. beg -, ask -, implore- pardon &c. n.; conciliate, propitiate, placate; make up 919. Revenge. — N. revenge, -ment; vengeance; avenge-ment, -ance f, sweet revenge, vendetta, death feud, blood for blood; retaliation &c. 718; day of reckon- ing. rancor, vindictiveness, implacability; malevolence &c. 907; ruthlessness &c. 914a. avenger, vindicator, Nemesis, Eumen- ides. V. re-, a-venge; vindicate; take -, have one's- revenge; breathe -revenge, - vengeance; wreak one's -vengeance, - anger. have -accounts to settle, - a crow to pluck, - a rod in pickle. keep the wound green; harbor -re- venge, - vindictive feeling; bear malice; rankle, - in the breast. Adj. revenge-, venge-ful; vindictive, rancorous; pitiless &c. 914a; ruthless, rigorous, avenging. unforgiving, unrelenting; inexorable, stony-hearted, implacable; relent-, re- morse-less. 319 918 — 923 AFFECTIONS VI. in. 4 a quarrel &c. (pacify) 723; let the wound heal. Adj. forgiving, placable, conciliatory. forgiven &c. v. ; un-resented, -avenged, -revenged. Adv. cry you mercy. Phr. veniam peiimusque damusque vicissim [Horace]; more in sorrow than in anger; com- prendre tout c'est tout pardonner; " the offender never pardons" [Herbert]. atemum servans sub pectore vulnus; rankling, immitigable. Phr. manet -cicatrix, - alta mente repostum; dies iroz dies ilia; " in high vengeance there is noble scorn " [G. Eliot]; inhumanum verbum est ultio [Seneca]; malevolus animus abdilos denies habet [Syrus]; " now infidel I have thee on the hip " [Merchant of Venice]. 920. Jealousy. — N. jealous-y, -ness; jaundiced eye; envious suspicion, sus- picion; " green-eyed monster " [Othello]; yellows; Juno. V. be -jealous &c. adj. ; view with -jealousy, - a jealous eye. Adj. jealous, - as a Barbary pigeon; jaundiced, yellow-eyed, envious, horn- mad. 921. Envy. — N. envy; enviousness &c. adj.; rivalry; jalousie de metier; ill- will, spite. V. envy, covet, burst with envy. Adj. envious, invidious, covetous; alieni appetens. Phr. " base envy withers at another's joy " [Thomson]; caeca invidia est [Livy]; multa pelentibus desunl multa [Horace]; summa petit livor [Ovid]. Section IV. MORAL AFFECTIONS 1. Moral Obligations 922. Right. — N. right; what -ought to, - should- be; fitness &c. adj.; sum- mum jus. justice, equity; equitableness &c. adj.; propriety; fair play, impartiality, mea- sure for measure, give and take, lex talionis. Astraea, Nemesis, Themis. scales of justice, evenhanded justice, karma; suum cuique; clear stage -, fair field- and no favor. morals &c. (duty) 926; law &c. 963; honor &c. (probity) 939; virtue &c. 944. V. be -right &c. adj. ; stand to reason. see -justice done, - one righted, - fair play; do justice to; recompense &c. (re- ward) 973; hold the scales even, give and take ; serve one right, put the saddle on the right horse; give -every one, - the devil- his due; audire alteram partem. deserve &c. (be entitled to) 924. Adj. right, good; just, reasonable; fit &c. 924; equ-al, -able, -itable; even- handed, fair. legitimate, justifiable, rightful; as it -should, - ought to- be; lawful &c. (per- mitted) 760, (legal) 963. deserved &c. 924. 320 923. Wrong. — N. wrong; what -ought not to, - should not- be; ma- lum in se; unreasonableness, grievance; shame. injustice; unfairness &c. adj.; iniquity, foul play, partiality, leaning; favor, -itism; nepotism, party spirit; undue- ness &c. 925; unlawfulness &c. 964. robbing Peter to pay Paul &c. v.; the wolf and the lamb; vice &c. 945. " a custom more honored in the breach than the observance" [Hamlet]. V. be -wrong &c. adj.; cry to heaven for vengeance. do -wrong &c. n. ; be -inequitable &c. adj.; favor, lean towards; encroach; im- pose upon; reap where one has not sown; give an inch and take an ell; rob Peter to pay Paul. Adj. wrong, -ful; bad, too bad; un- just, -fair; in-, un-equitable; unequal, partial, one-sided; injurious. objectionable; un-reasonable, -allow- able, -warrantable, -justifiable; im- proper, unfit; unjustified &c. 925; ille- gal &c. 964; iniquitous; immoral && 945. in the wrong, - box. VI. iv. 1 MORAL OBLIGATIONS 922 — 925 Adv. wrongly &c. Phr. it will not do. adj. Adv. rightly &c. adj. ; a -, au-bon droit, in -justice, - equity, - reason. without -distinction of, - regard to, - respect to- persons ; upon even terms. Int. all right! Phr. Dieu et mon droit; " in equal scale weighing delight and dole " [Hamlet]; jusiitia cuum cuique distribuit [Cicero]; justitice soror incorrupta fides; jusiitia virtutem regina; " thrice is he armed that hath his quarrel just " [Henry VI]. 924. Dueness. — N. due, -ness; right, privilege, prerogative, prescription, title, claim, pretension, demand, birthright. immunity, license, liberty, franchise; vested -interest, - right. sanction, authority, warranty, char- ter; warrant &c. (permission) 760; con- stitution &c. (law) 963; tenure; bond &c. (security) 771. claimant, appellant; plaintiff &c. 938. V. be -due &c. adj. to, - the due &c. n. of; have -right, - title, - claim- to; be entitled to; have a claim upon; be- long to &c. (-property) 780. deserve, merit, be worthy of, richly deserve. demand, claim; call upon -, come upon -, appeal to- for; re-vendicate, -claim; exact; insist -on, - upon; chal- lenge; take one's stand, make a point of, require, lay claim to, assert, assume, arrogate,. make good; substantiate; vin- dicate a -claim, - right; fit -, qualify - for; make out a case. give -, confer- a right; entitle; au- thorize &c. 760; sanctify, legalize, or- dain, prescribe, allot. give every one his due &c. 922; pay one's dues; have one's -due, - rights. use a right, assert, enforce, put in force, lay under contribution. Adj. having a right to &c. v.; en- titled to; claiming; deserving, meriting, worthy of. privileged, allowed, sanctioned, war- ranted, authorized; ordained, prescribed, constitutional, chartered, enfranchised. prescriptive, presumptive; absolute, indefeasible; un-, in-alienable; impre- scriptible, inviolable, unimpeachable, unchallenged; sacrosanct. due to, merited, deserved, condign, richly deserved. allowable &c. (permitted) 760; lawful, licit, legitimate, legal; legalized &c. (law) 963. square, unexceptionable, right; equitable &c. 922; due, en regie; fit, -ting; correct, proper, meet, befitting, becoming, seemly; decorous; creditable, up to the mark, right as a trivet; just -, quite- the thing; selon les regies. Adv. duly, ex officio, de jure; by -right, - divine right; jure divino, Dei gra- tia, in the name of. 925. [Absence of right.] Undueness. — N. undueness &c. adj. ; malum prohib- itum; impropriety; illegality &c. 964. falseness &c. adj.; emptiness -, inva- lidity- of title; illegitimacy. loss of right, disfranchisement, for- feiture. usurpation, tort, violation, breach, en- croachment, presumption, assumption, seizure; stretch, exaction, imposition, lion's share. usurper, pretender. V. be -undue &c. adj.; not be -due &c. 924. infringe, encroach, trench on, exact; arrogate, - to oneself; give an inch and take an ell; stretch -, strain- a point; usurp, violate, do violence to. dis-franchise, -entitle, -qualify; in- validate. relax &c. (be lax) 738; misbehave &c. (vice) 945; misbecome. Adj. undue ; unlawful &c. (illegal) 964; unconstitutional; illicit; un-authorized, -warranted, -allowed, -sanctioned, -jus- tified; un-, dis-entitled, -qualified; un- privileged, -chartered. illegitimate, bastard, spurious, false; usurped, tortious. un-deserved, -merited, -earned; un- fulfilled. forfeited, disfranchised. improper; un-meet, -fit, -befitting, -seemly; un-, mis-becoming; seemless; contra bonos mores; not the thing, out of the question, not to be thought of; preposterous, pretentious, would-be. Phr. filius nullius. Phr. civis Romanus sum [Cicero]; d chaque saint sa chandelle. 321 926 — 927a AFFECTIONS VI. iv. 1 926. Duty. — N. duty, what ought to be done, moral obligation, account- ableness, liability, onus, responsibility; bounden -, imperative- duty; call, - of duty; accountability. allegiance, fealty, tie; engagement &c. (promise) 768; part; function, calling &c. (business) G25. morality, morals, decalogue; case of conscience; conscientiousness &c. (prob- ity) 939; conscience, inward monitor, still small voice within, sense of duty, tender conscience; the hell within [P. L.]. dueness &c. 924; propriety, fitness, seemliness, amenability, decorum, to 7T/o«rov; the -thing, - proper thing; the -right, - proper- thing to do. [Science of morals] eth-ics, -ology; deon-, are-tology; moral -, ethical- philosophy; casuistry, polity. observance, fulfillment, discharge, per- formance, acquittal, satisfaction, re- demption; good behavior. V. be -the duty of, - incumbent &c. adj. on, - responsible &c. adj. ; behoove, become, befit, beseem; belong -, per- tain- to; fall to one's lot; devolve on; lie -upon, - on one's head, - at one's door; rest -with, - on the shoulders of. take upon oneself &c. (promise) 768; be -, become- -bound to, - sponsor for; incur a -responsibility &c. n. ; be -, stand -, lie- under an obligation; have to answer for, owe to it oneself. impose a -duty &c. n.; enjoin, require, exact; bind, - over; saddle with, pre- scribe, assign, call upon, look to, oblige. enter upon -, perform -, observe -, fulfill -, discharge -, adhere to -, acquit oneself of -, satisfy — a duty, - an obligation; act one's part, redeem one's pledge, do justice to, be at one's post; do duty; do one's duty &c. (be virtuous) 944. be on one's good behavior, mind one's P's and Q's. Adj. obligatory, binding; imperative, peremptory; stringent &c. (severe) 739; behooving &c. v.; incumbent -, chargeable- on; under obligation; obliged -, bound -, tied- by; saddled with. due -, beholden -, bound -, indebted- to; tied down; compromised &c. (promised) 768; in duty bound. amenable, liable, accountable, responsible, answerable. right, meet &c. (due) 924; moral, ethical, casuistical, conscientious, etio- logical. Adv. with a safe conscience, as in duty bound, on one's own responsibility, at one's own risk, suo periculo; inforo conscientice ; quamdiu se bene gesserit. Phr. dura lex sed lex; didce et decorum est pro patria mori; honos habet onus; leve fit quod bene fertur onus [Ovid]; loyaute m' 'oblige; " simple duty hath no place for fear " [Whittier]; " stern daughter of the voice of God " [Wordsworth]; " there is a higher law than the Con- stitution " [Wm. Seward]. 927. Dereliction of Duty. — N. der- eliction of duty; fault &c. (guilt) 947; sin &c. (vice) 945; non-observance, -per- formance; neglect, relaxation, infraction, violation, transgression, failure, evasion; dead letter. V. violate; break, - through; in- fringe; set -aside, - at naught; encroach -, trench- upon; trample -on, - under foot; slight, neglect, evade, renounce, forswear, repudiate; wash one's hands of; escape, transgress, fail. call to account &c. (disapprobation) 932. 927a. Exemption. — N. exemption, freedom, irresponsibility, immunity, lib- erty, license, release, exoneration, ex- cuse, dispensation, absolution, franchise, renunciation, discharge; exculpation &c. 970. V. be -exempt &c. adj. exempt, release, acquit, discharge, quitclaim, remise, remit; free, set at lib- erty, let off, pass over, spare, excuse, dispense with, give dispensation, license; stretch a point; absolve &c. (forgive) 918; exonerate &c. (exculpate) 970; save the necessity. Adj . exempt, free, immune, at liberty, scot-free; released &c. v. ; unbound, unen- cumbered; irresponsible, unaccountable, not answerable; excusable. Phr. bonis nocet quisquis pepercerit malis [Syrus]. 322 VI. iv. 2 MORAL OBLIGATIONS 928 — 930 2. Moral Sentiments 928. Respect. — N. respect, regard, consideration; courtesy &c. 894; atten- tion, deference, reverence, honor, es- teem, estimation, veneration, admira- tion; approbation &c. 931. homage, fealty, obeisance, genuflec- tion, kneeling, prostration; obsequious- ness &c. 886; salaam, kotow, bow, pre- senting arms, salute. respects, regards, duty, devoirs, egards. devotion &c. (piety) 987. V. respect, regard; revere, -nee; hold in reverence, honor, venerate, hallow; esteem &c. (approve of) 931 ; think much of; entertain -, bear- respect for; look up to, defer to; have -, hold- a high opinion of; pay -attention, - respect &c. «.- to; do -, render- honor to; do the honors, hail; show courtesy &c. 894; salute, present arms; do -, pay- homage to; pay tribute to, kneel to, bow to, bend the knee to ; fall down before, pros- trate oneself, kiss the hem of one's gar- ment; worship &c. 990. keep one's distance, make room, ob- serve due decorum, stand upon cere- mony. command -, inspire- respect; awe, impose, overawe, dazzle. Adj. respecting &c. v.; respectful, deferential, decorous, reverential, obse- quious, ceremonious, bareheaded, cap in hand, on one's knees; prostrate &c. (servile) 886. respected &c. v. ; in high -esteem, - es- timation; time-honored, venerable, eme- ritus. Adv. in deference to; with -all, - due, - the highest- respect; with submis- sion. saving your -grace, - presence; salva sit reverentia; pace tanti nominis. Int. hail! all hail! esto perpetual may your shadow never be less! Phr. " and pluck up drowned honor by the locks " [Henry IV]; " his honor rooted in dis- honor stood " [Tennyson]; " honor pricks me on " [Henry IV]. 929. Disrespect. — N. dis-respect, -esteem, -estimation ; disparagement &c. (dispraise) 932, (detraction) 934. irreverence; slight, neglect; spretoz in- juria format [Vergil], superciliousness &c. (contempt) 930. vilipendency f, contumely, affront, dis- honor, insult, indignity, outrage, dis- courtesy &c. 895; practical joking; scurrility, scoffing, sibilation; ir-, de-ri- sion; mockery; irony &c. (ridicule) 856; sarcasm. hiss, hoot, gibe, flout, jeer, scoff, gleek f, taunt, sneer, quip, fling, wipe, slap in the face. V. hold in disrespect &c. (despise) 930; misprize, disregard, slight, trifle with, set at naught, pass by, push aside, overlook, turn one's back upon, laugh in one's sleeve; be -disrespectful &c. adj., - discourteous &c. 895; treat with -disre- spect &c. n. ; set down, browbeat. dishonor, desecrate; insult, affront, outrage. speak slightingly of; disparage &c. (dispraise) 932; vilipend, call names; throw -, fling- dirt; drag through the mud, point at, indulge in personalities; make -mouths, - faces; bite the thumb; take -, pluck- by the beard; toss in a blanket, tar and feather. have -, hold- in derision; deride, scoff, barrack, sneer, laugh at, snigger, ridicule, gibe, mock, jeer, taunt, twit, niggle, gleek, gird, flout, fleer; roast, turn into ridicule; burlesque &c. 856; laugh to scorn &c. (contempt) 930; smoke; fool; make -game, - a fool, - an April fool- of; play a practical joke; lead one a dance, run the rig upon, have a fling at, scout, hiss, hoot, mob. Adj. disrespectful; aweless, irreverent; disparaging &c. 934; insulting &c. v.) supercilious &c. (scornful) 930; rude, derisive, sarcastic; scurri-le, -lous; con- tumelious. un-respected, -worshiped, -envied, -saluted; un-, dis-regarded. Adv. disrespectfully &c. adj. 930. Contempt. — N. contempt, disdain, scorn, sovereign contempt; despi- sal, -ciency; despisement; vilipendency, contumely; slight, sneer, spurn, by- word ; despect. contemptuousness &c. adj.; scornful eye; smile of contempt; derision &c. (disrespect) 929. 323 930 — 932 AFFECTIONS VI. iv. 2 [State of being despised] despisedness. V. despise, contemn, scorn, disdain, feel contempt for, view with a scornful eye; disregard, slight, not mind; pass by &c. (neglect) 460. look down upon; hold -cheap, - in contempt, - in disrespect; think -nothing, - small beer- of; make light of; underestimate &c. 483; esteem -slightly, - of small or no account; take no account of, care nothing for; set no store by; not care a -straw &c. {unimportance) 643; set at naught, laugh in one's sleeve, snap one's fingers at, shrug one's shoulders, turn up one's nose at, pooh-pooh, " damn with faint praise " [Pope]; sneeze -, whistle -, sneer- at; curl up one's lip, toss the head, trailer de haut en bas; laugh at &c. (be disrespectful) 929. point the finger of -, hold up to -, laugh to- scorn; scout, hoot, flout, hiss, scoff at. turn -one's back, - a cold shoulder- upon; tread -, trample- -upon, - under foot; spurn, kick; fling to the winds &c. (repudiate) 610; send away with a flea in the ear. Adj. contemptuous; disdain-, scorn-ful; withering, contumelious, super- cilious, cynical, haughty, bumptious, cavalier; derisive. contemptible, despicable; pitiable; pitiful &c. (unimportant) 643; despised &c. v.; downtrodden; unenvied. Adv. contemptuously &c. adj. Int. a fig for &c. (unimportant) 643; bah! never mind! away with! hang it! fiddlededee! Phr. " a dismal universal hiss, the sound of public scorn " [Paradise Lost]; " I had rather be a dog and bay the moon than such a Roman " [Julius C&sar]. 931. Approbation. — N. approba- tion; approv-al, -ement; sanction, ad- vocacy; nod of approbation; esteem, estimation, good opinion, golden opin- ions, admiration; love &c. 897; appre- ciation, regard, account, popularity, kCSos, credit; repute &c. 873; best seller. commendation, praise; laud, -ation; good word; meed -, tribute- of praise; encomium; eulog-y, -ium; eloge, pane- gyric; homage, hero worship; benedic- tion, blessing, benison. applause, plaudit, clap; clapping, - of hands; accl-aim, -amation; cheer; paan, hosannah; shout -, peal -, chorus -, thunders- of -applause &c. ; Prytaneum. V. approve; approbate, 1 think -good, - much of, - well of, - highly of; esteem, value, prize; set great store -by, - on. do justice to, appreciate; honor, hold in esteem, look up to, admire; like &c. 897; be in favor of, wish Godspeed; hail, - with satisfaction. stand -, stick- up for; uphold, hold up, countenance, sanction; clap -, pat- on the back; keep in countenance, indorse; give credit, recommend; mark with a white -mark, - stone. commend, belaud, praise, laud, com- pliment, pay a tribute, bepraise; clap, - 932. Disapprobation. — N. disap- probation, -val; improbation f ; dis-es- teem, -valuation, -placency; odium; dis- like &c. 867. dis-praise, -commendation; blame, censure, obloquy; detraction &c. 934; disparagement, depreciation; denuncia- tion; condemnation &c. 971; ostracism; black list. animadversion, reflection, stricture, objection, exception, criticism; sardonic -grin, - laugh; sarcasm, insinuation, in- nuendo ; bad -, poor -, left-handed- com- pliment. satire; sneer &c. (contempt) 930; taunt &c. (disrespect) 929; cavil, carp- ing, censoriousness; hypercriticism &c. (fastidiousness) 868. reprehension, remonstrance, expostu- lation, reproof, reprobation, admonition, increpation, reproach; rebuke, repri- mand, castigation, jobation, lecture, curtain lecture, blow up, wigging, dress- ing, rating, scolding, trimming; correc- tion, set down, rap on the knuckles, coup de bee, rebuff; slap, - on the face; home thrust, hit; frown, scowl, black look. diatribe; jeremi-ad, -ade; tirade, phi- lippic. 1 [Obsolete in England except in legal writings, but surviving in the United States chiefly in a technical sense for license. C. O. S. M.]. 324 VI." iv. 2 MORAL SENTIMENTS 931 — 932 clamor, outcry, hue and cry; hiss, -ing; sibilation, catcall; execration &c. 908. chiding, upbraiding &c. v.; exprobra- tion, abuse, vituperation, invective, ob- jurgation, contumely; hard -, cutting -, bitter- words. evil-speaking; bad language &c. 908; personality. V. disapprove; dislike &c. 867; lament &c. 839; object to, take exception to; be scandalized at, think ill of; view with -disfavor, - dark eyes, - jaundiced eyes; nil admirari, disvalue, improbate. f frown upon, look grave; bend -, knit- the brows; shake the head at, shrug the shoulders; turn up the nose &c. (con- tempt) 930; look -askance, - black upon; look with an evil eye ; make a wry -face, - mouth- at; set one's face against. dis-praise, -commend, -parage; dep- recate, speak ill of, not speak well of; condemn &c. (find guilty) 971. blame; lay -, cast- blame upon; cen- sure, fronder, reproach, pass censure on, reprobate, impugn. remonstrate, expostulate, recriminate. reprehend, chide, admonish; berate, betongue; bring -, call — to account, - over the coals, - to order; take to task, reprove, lecture, bring to book; read a -lesson, - lecture- to; rebuke, correct. reprimand, chastise, castigate, lash, blow up, trounce, trim, laver la tete, over- haul; give it one, - finely; gibbet. accuse &c. 938; impeach, denounce; hold up to -reprobation, - execration; expose, brand, gibbet, stigmatize; show -, pull -, take- up; cry " shame " upon; be outspoken ; raise a hue and cry against. execrate &c. 908; exprobate, speak daggers, vituperate; abuse, - like a pickpocket; scold, rate, objurgate, up- braid, fall foul of; jaw; rail, - at, - in good set terms; bark at; anathematize, call names; call by -hard, - ugly- names; a-f, re- vile; vili-fy, -pend; bespatter; backbite; clapperclaw; rave -, thun- der -, fulminate- against; load with reproaches. exclaim -, protest -, inveigh -, declaim -, cry out -, raise one's voice- against. decry; cry -, run -, frown- down; clamor, hiss, hoot, mob, ostracize, black- list; draw up -, sign- a round robin. animadvert -, reflect- upon; glance at; cast -reflection, - reproach, - a slur- upon; insinuate, damn with faint praise; " hint a fault and hesitate dislike " ; not to be able to say much for. scoff at, point at; twit, taunt &c. (disrespect) 929; sneer at &c. (despise) 230; satirize, lampoon; defame &c. (detract) 934; depreciate, find fault with, 325 the hands; applaud, cheer, acclamate, encore; panegyrize, eulogize, cry up, proncr, puff; extol, - to the skies; mag- nify, glorify, exalt, swell, make much of; flatter &c. 933; bless, give a blessing to; have -, say- a good word for; speak -well, - highly, - in high terms- of; sing -, sound -, chaunt -, resound- the praises of; sing praises to; cheer -, ap- plaud- to the -echo, - very echo. redound to the -honor, - praise, - credit- of; do credit to; deserve -praise &c. n.; recommend itself; pass muster. be -praised &c; receive honorable mention; be in -favor, - high favor- with ; ring with the praises of, win gold- en opinions, gain credit, find favor with, stand well in the opinion of; laudari a laudato viro. Adj. approving &c. v.; in favor of; lost in admiration. commendatory, complimentary, bene- dictory, laudatory, panegyrical, eulogis- tic, encomiastic, lavish of praise, uncri- tical. approved, praised &c. v. ; un-censured, -impeached; popular, in good odor; in high esteem &c. (respected) 928; in -, in high- favor. deserving -, worthy of- praise &c. n. ; praiseworthy, commendable, of estima- tion; good &c. 048; meritorious, esti- mable, creditable, plausible, unimpeach- able; beyond all praise. Adv. with credit, to admiration; well &c. 618; with three times three. Int. hear hear! bully for you! * well done! bravo! bravissimo! euge! made virtute! so far so good, that's right, quite right; optime! one cheer more; may your shadow never be less! esto perpetual long life to! viva! evviva! Godspeed! valete et plaudite! encore! bis! Phr. probatum est; tacent satis laudant; " servant of God, well done! " [Paradise Lost]. 932 — 934 AFFECTIONS VI. iv. 2 criticize, cut up; pull -, pick- to pieces; take exception; cavil; peck -, nibble -, carp- at; be -censorious &c. adj.; pick -holes, - a hole, - a hole in one's coat; make a fuss about. take -, set- down; snub, snap one up, give a rap on the knuckles; throw a stone -at, - in one's garden; have a -fling, - snap- at; have words with, pluck a crow with; give one a -wipe, - lick with the rough side of the tongue. incur blame, excite disapprobation, scandalize, shock, revolt; get a bad name, forfeit one's good opinion, be under a cloud, come under the ferule, bring a hornet's nest about one's ears. take blame, stand corrected ; have to answer for. Adj. disapproving &c. v.; scandalized. disparaging, condemnatory, damnatory, denunciatory, reproachful, abu- sive, objurgatory, clamorous, vituperative; defamatory &c. 934. satirical, sarcastic, sardonic, cynical, dry, sharp, cutting, biting, severe, withering, trenchant, hard upon; censorious, critical, captious, carping, hypercritical; fastidious &c. 868; sparing of -, grudging -praise. disapproved, chid &c. v.; in bad odor, blown upon, unapproved; unblest; at a discount, exploded; weighed in the balance and found wanting. blameworthy, reprehensible &c. (guilt) 947; to -, worthy of- blame; an- swerable, uncommendable, exceptionable, not to be thought of; bad &c. 649; vicious &c. 945. un-lamented, -bewailed, -pitied. Adv. with a wry face; reproachfully &c. adj. Int. it is too bad! it -won't, - will never- do! marry come up! Oh! come! 'sdeath! forbid it Heaven! God -, Heaven- forbid! out -, fie- upon it! away with! tut! temporal mores! shame! fie, - for shame! out on you! tell it not in Gath! 933. Flattery. — N. flattery, adu- lation, gloze; bland-ishment, -iloquence; cajolery; fawning, wheedling &c. v.; captation, coquetry, obsequiousness, sy- cophancy, fiunkeyism, toadeating, tuft- hunting; snobbishness. incense, honeyed words, flummery; bun-kum, -combe; blarney, placebo, butter; soft -soap, - sawder; rose water. voice of the charmer, mouth honor; lip homage; euphemism; unctuousness &c. adj. V. flatter, praise to the skies, puff; wheedle, cajole, glaver, coax; fawn, - upon; humor, gloze, soothe, pet, coquet, slaver, butter; jolly [U. S.]; be-spatter, -slubber, -plaster, -slaver; lay it on thick, overpraise; earwig, cog, collogue; truckle -, pander or pandar -, pay court- to; court; creep into the good graces of, curry favor with, hang on the sleeve of; fool to the top of one's bent; lick the dust. lay the flattering unction to one's soul, gild the pill, make things pleasant. overestimate &c. 482; exaggerate &c. 549. Adj. flattering &c. v.; adulatory; 326 934. Detraction. — N. detraction, disparagement, depreciation, vilifica- tion, obloquy, scurrility, scandal, de- famation, aspersion, traducement, slan- der, calumny, obtrectation f, evil-speak- ing, backbiting, scandalum magnatum. personality, libel, lampoon, skit, pas- quinade; chronique scandaleuse; roor- back [U. S.j. sarcasm, cynicism; criticism (disap- probation) 932; invective &c. 932; en- venomed tongue ; spretce injuria formce. detractor &c. 936. V. detract, derogate, decry, depre- ciate, disparage; run -, cry- down; back- cap [U. S.]; belittle; sneer at &c. (con- temn) 930; criticize, pull to pieces, pick a hole in one's coat, asperse, cast as- persions, blow upon, bespatter, blacken, vili-fy, -pend; avile f; give a dog a bad name, brand, malign; muckrake; back- bite, libel, lampoon, traduce, slander, defame, calumniate, bear false witness against; speak ill of behind one's back. fling dirt &c. (disrespect) 929; anath- ematize &c. 932; dip the pen in gall, view in a bad light. Adj. detracting &c. v.; defamatory, VI. iv. 2 MORAL SENTIMENTS 933 — 938 mealy-, honey-mouthed; honeyed; smooth, - tongued; soapy, oily, unc- tuous, blandiloquent, specious; fine-, fair-spoken; plausible, servile, syco- phantic, fulsome; courtier-ly, -like. Adv. ad captandum. detractory, derogatory; disparaging, li- belous; scurril-e, -ous; abusive; foul- spoken, -tongued, -mouthed; slander- ous; calumni-ous, -atory; sar-castic, -donic; satirical, cynical. Phr. " damn with faint praise, assent with civil leer; and without sneering, teach the rest to sneer" [Pope]; another lie nailed to the counter; " cut men's throats with whisperings " [B. Jonson]; " foul whisperings are abroad " [Macbeth]; " soft-buzzing slander " [Thomson]; " virtue itself 'scapes not calumnious strokes" [Hamlet]. 935. Flatterer. — N. flatterer, adu- lator; eu-logist, -phemist; optimist, encomiast, laudator, whitewasher. toad-y, -eater; sycophant, courtier, Sir Pertinax MacSycophant; flaneur, proneur; puffer, touter, claqueur; claw- back, earwig, doer of dirty work; para- site, hanger-on &c. (servility) 886. Phr. pessimum genus inimicorum laudantes [Tacitus]. 936. Detractor. — N. detractor, re- prover; cens-or, -urer; cynic, critic, caviler, carper, word-catcher, frondeur; barracker. def amer, backbiter, slanderer, Sir Ben- jamin Backbite, lampooner, satirist, tra- ducer, libeler, calumniator, dawplucker, Thersites; Zoilus; good-natured friend [satirically]; reviler, vituperator, cas- tigator; shrew &c. 901; muckraker. disapprover, laudator temporis acti [Horace]. Adj. black-mouthed, abusive &c. 934. 937. Vindication. — N. vindication, justification, warrant; exoneration, ex- culpation; acquittal &c. 970; white- washing. extenuation; pallia-tion, -tive; soften- ing, mitigation. reply, defense; recrimination &c. 938. apology, gloss, varnish; plea &c. 617; salvo; excuse, extenuating circum- stances; allowance, - to be made; locus pcenitentice. apologist, vindicator, justifier; defend- ant &c. 938. justifiable charge, true bill. V. justify, warrant; be an -excuse &c. n.- for; lend a color, furnish a handle; vindicate; ex-, dis-culpate; acquit &c. 970; clear, set right, exonerate, white- wash ; clear the skirts of. extenuate, palliate, excuse, soften, apologize, varnish, slur, gloze; put a -gloss, - good face- upon; mince; gloss over, bolster up, help a lame dog over a stile. advocate, defend, plead one's cause; stand -, stick -, speak- up for; contend -, speak- for; bear out, keep in counte- nance, support; plead &c. 617; say in defense; plead ignorance; confess and avoid, propugn f, put in a good word for. take the will for the deed, make allow- 938. Accusation. — N. accusation, charge, imputation, slur, inculpation, exprobration, delation; crimination; in-, ac-, re-crimination; tu quoque argument; invective &c. 932. de-nunciation, -nouncement; libel, challenge, citation, arraignment; im-, ap-peachment f; indictment, bill of in- dictment, true bill; lawsuit &c. 969; con- demnation &c. 971. gravamen of a charge, head and front of one's offending, argumentum ad homi- nem; scandal &c. (detraction) 934; scan- dalum magnatum. accuser, prosecutor, plaintiff; relator, informer; appellant. accused, defendant, prisoner, panel, respondent; litigant. V. accuse, charge, tax, impute, twit, taunt with, reproach. brand with reproach; stigmatize, slur; cast a -stone at, - slur on; in-, criminate; inculpate, implicate; call to account &c. (censure) 932; take to -blame, - task; put in the black book. inform against, indict, denounce, ar- raign ; im-, ap-peachf ; have up, show up, pull up; challenge, cite, lodge a com- plaint; prosecute, bring an action against &c. 969; blow upon. charge -, saddle- with; lay to one's 327 937 — 940 AFFECTIONS VI. iv. 2 -door, - charge; lay the blame on, bring home to; cast -, throw- in one's teeth; cast the first stone at. have -, keep- a rod in pickle for; have a crow to pluck with, trump up a charge. Adj. accusing &c. v.; accusat-ory, -ive; imputative, denunciatory; re-, criminatory. accused &c. v.; suspected; under -sus- picion, - a cloud, - surveillance; in -custody, - detention; in the -lockup, - watch-house, - house of detention, accusable, imputable; in-defensible, -excusable; un-pardonable, -justifi- able; vicious &c. 845. Int. look at home; tu quoque &c. (retaliation) 718. Phr. " the breath of accusation kills an innocent name " [Shelley]; " thou can'st not say I did it " [Macbeth]. ance for, do justice to; give -one, - the Devil- his due. make good; prove -the truth of, - one's case; be justified by the event. Adj. vindicat-ed, -ing &c. v.; vindi- cative, -ory; palliative; exculpatory; apologetic. excusable, defensible, pardonable; veni-al, -able; specious, plausible, justi- fiable. Phr. " honi soit qui mat y pense;" " good wine needs no bush." 3. Moral Conditions 939. Probity. — N. probity, integ- rity, rectitude; uprightness &c. adj.; honesty, faith; honor; bonne foi, good faith, bona fides; purity, clean hands. fairness &c. adj.; fair play, justice, equity, impartiality, principle; grace. constancy; faithfulness &c. adj.; fi- delity, loyalty; incorrupt-ion, -ibility. trustworthiness &c. adj.; truth, can- dor, singleness of heart; veracity &c. 543; tender conscience &c. (sense of duty) 926. punctilio, delicacy, nicety; scrupul- osity, -ousness &c. adj.; scruple; point, - of honor; punctuality. dignity &c. (repute) 873; respecta- bility, -bleness &c. adj.; gentilhomme, gentleman; man of -honor, - his word; fidus Achates, preux chevalier, galan- tuomo; true-penny, trump, brick; true Briton; white man * [U. S.]. court of honor, a fair field and no favor; argumentum ad verecundiam. V. be -honorable &c. adj.; deal -hon- orably, - squarely, - impartially, - fairly; speak the truth &c. (veracity) 543; draw a straight furrow; tell the truth and shame the Devil, vitam impendere vero; show a proper spirit, make a point of; do one's duty &c. (virtue) 944. redeem one's pledge &c. 926; keep -, be as good as- one's -promise, - word; keep faith with, not fail. give and take, audire alteram partem, give the Devil his due, put the saddle on the right horse. 328 940. Improbity. — N. improbity; dishon-esty, -or; deviation from recti- tude; disgrace &c. (disrepute) 874; fraud &c. (deception) 545; lying &c. 544; bad -, Punic- faith; mala -, Punica- fides; infidelity; faithlessness &c. adj.; Judas kiss, betrayal. breach of -promise, - trust, - faith; prodition f, disloyalty, treason, high treason; apostacy &c. (tergiversation) 607; nonobservance &c. 773. shabbiness &c. adj.; villany; baseness &c. adj.; abjection, debasement, turpi- tude, moral turpitude, laxity, trimming, shuffling. perfidy ; perfidiousness &c. adj. ; treach- ery, double dealing; unfairness &c. adj.; knavery, roguery, rascality, foul-play; jobb-ing, -ery; graft; venality, nepotism; corruption, job, shuffle, fishy transac- tion; barratry, sharp practice, heads I win tails you lose; mouth honor &c. ( flatter y) 933. V. be -dishonest &c. adj.; play false; break one's -word, - faith, - promise; jilt, betray, forswear; shuffle &c. (lie) 544; live by one's wits, sail near the wind. disgrace -, dishonor -, demean -, degrade- oneself; derogate, stoop, grovel, sneak, lose caste; sell oneself, go over to the enemy; seal one's infamy. Adj. dishon-est, -orable; un-con- scientious, -scrupulous; fraudulent &c. 545; knavish; disgraceful &c. (disrepu- table) 974; wicked &c. 945. VI. iv. 3 MORAL CONDITIONS 939 — 943 redound to one's honor. Adj. upright; honest, - as daylight; veracious &c. 543; virtuous &c. 944; honorable; fair, right, just, equitable, impartial, evenhanded, square; fair -, open- and aboveboard; white * [U. S.]. constant, - as the northern star; faith- ful, loyal, staunch; true, - blue, - to one's colors, - to the core, - as the needle to the pole; " marble-constant " [Antony and Cleopatra}; true-hearted, trust-y, -worthy; as good as one's word, to be depended on, incorruptible. straightforward &c. (ingenuous) 703; frank, candid, open-hearted. conscientious, tender-conscienced, right-minded; high-principled, -minded; scrupulous, religious, strict; nice, punc- tilious, correct, punctual; respect-, rep- ut-able; gentlemanlike. inviol-able, -ate ; un-violated, -broken, -betrayed; un-bought, -bribed. innocent &c. 946; pure, stainless; un- stained, -tarnished, -sullied, -tainted, -perjured; uncorrupt, -ed; unde-filed, -praved, -bauched; integer vital sceleris- que purus [Horace]; Justus et tenax pro- positi [Horace]. chivalrous, jealous of honor, sans peur et sans reproche; high-spirited. supramundane, unworldly, over-scrupulous. Adv. honorably &c. adj.; bond fide; on the square, in good faith, honor bright, foro conscientice, with clean hands. Phr. " a face untaught to feign " [Pope]; bene qui latuit bene vixit [Ovid]; mens sibi con- scia recti; probitas laudator et alget [Juvenal]; fidelis ad urnam; " his heart as far from fraud as heaven from earth " [Tioo Gentlemen]; loyaute m' oblige; loyaute n'a honte; " what stronger breastplate than a heart untainted? " [Henry VI]. 941. Knave. — N. knave, rogue; Scapin, rascal; Lazarillo de Tormes; bad man &c. 949; blackguard &c. 949; barrat-er, -or; shyster [U. S.]. traitor, betrayer, archtraitor, conspirator, Judas, Catiline; reptile, serpent, snake in the grass, wolf in sheep's clothing, sneak, Jerry Sneak, squealer *, tell- tale, mischief-maker; trimmer, renegrade &c. (tergiversation) 607; truant, -re- creant; sycophant &c. (servility) 886. false-hearted, disingenuous; unfair, one-sided; double, -hearted, -tongued, -faced; timeserving, crooked, tortuous, insidious, Machiavelian, dark, slippery; fishy; perfidious, treacherous, perjured. infamous, arrant, foul, base, vile, ig- nominious, blackguard. contemptible, abject, mean, shabby, little, paltry, dirty, scurvy, scabby, sneaking, groveling, scrubby, rascally, pettifogging; beneath one. low-minded, -thoughted; base-mind- ed. undignified, indignf; unbe-coming, -seeming, -fitting; de-rogatory, -grad- ing; infra dignitatem; ungentleman-ly, -like; un-knightly, -chivalric, -manly, -handsome; recreant, inglorious. corrupt, venal; debased, mongrel. faithless, of bad faith, false, unfaithful, disloyal; untrustworthy; trust-, troth- less; lost to shame, dead to honor; barra- trous. Adv. dishonestly &c. adj.; maid fide, like a thief in the night, by crooked paths. Int. temporal mores! [Cicero]. Phr. corruptissimd respublicd plurimee leges [Tacitus]. 942. Disinterestedness. — N. dis- interestedness &c. adj.; generosity; lib- eral-ity, -ism; altruism; benevolence &c. 906; elevation, loftiness of purpose, ex- altation, magnanimity; chival-ry, -rous spirit; heroism, sublimity. self-denial, -abnegation, -sacrifice, -immolation, -control &c. (resolution) 604; stoicism, devotion, martyrdom, suttee. labor of love. V. be -disinterested &c. adj.; make a sacrifice, lay one's head on the block; 943. Selfishness. — N. selfishness &c. adj. ; self-love, -indulgence, -worship, -interest; ego-tism, -ism; amour propre &c. (vanity) 880; nepotism. worldliness &c. adj. ; world wisdom. illiberality; meanness &c. adj. time-pleaser, -server; tuft-, fortune- hunter; jobber, worldling; egotist, egoist, monopolist, nepotist; dog in the manger, charity that begins at home; canis in praisepi, " foes to nobleness," tempo- rizer, trimmer. V. be -selfish &c. adj.; please -, in- 329 942 — 945 AFFECTIONS VI. iv. 3 put oneself in the place of others, do as one would be done by, do unto others as we would men should do unto us. Adj. disinterested; unselfish; self- denying, -sacrificing, -devoted; gener- ous. handsome, liberal, noble; noble-, high- minded; princely, great, high, elevated, lofty, exalted, spirited, stoical, magnani- mous; great-, large-hearted; chivalrous, heroic, sublime. un-bought, -bribed; uncorrupted &c. (upright) 939. Phr. non vobis solum. dulge -, coddle- oneself; consult one's own -wishes, - pleasure; look after one's own interest; feather one's nest; take care of number one, have an eye to the main chance, know on which side one's bread is buttered; give an inch and take an ell. Adj. selfish; self-seeking, -indulgent, -interested; wrapt up -, centered- in self; egotistic, -al; egoistical. illiberal, mean, ungenerous, narrow- minded; mercenary, venal; covetous &c. 819. unspiritual, earthly, -minded; mun- dane; worldly, -minded, -wise; time- serving. interested; alieni appetens sui profusus. Adv. ungenerously &c. adj.; to gain some private ends, from interested motives. Phr. apres nous le deluge. 944. Virtue. — N. virtue; virtuous- ness &c. adj. ; morality; moral rectitude; integrity &c. (probity) 939 ; nobleness &c. 873. morals; ethics &c. (duty) 926; car- dinal virtues. merit, worth, desert, excellence, credit; self-control &c. (resolution) 604; self- denial &c. (temperance) 953. well-doing; good -actions, - behavior; discharge -, fulfillment -, performance- of duty ; well-spent life ; innocence &c. 946. V. be -virtuous &c. adj. ; practice -vir- tue &c. n.\ do -, fulfill -, perform -, dis- charge- one's duty; redeem one's pledge &c. 926; act well, - one's part; fight the good fight; acquit oneself well; com- mand -, master- one's passions; keep in the right path. set -an, - a good-example; be on one's -good, - best- behavior. Adj. virtuous, good; innocent &c. 946; meritorious, deserving, worthy, desertful, correct; dut-iful, -eous; mor- al; right, -eous, -minded; well-inten- tioned, creditable, laudable, commend- able, praiseworthy; above -, beyond- all praise; excellent, admirable; sterling, pure, noble; whole-souled. exemplary; match-, peer-less; saint- ly, -like; heaven-born, angelic, seraphic, godlike. Adv. virtuously &c. adj.; e merito. Phr. esse quam videri bonus malebat [Sallust]; Schonheit vergeht Tugend besteht; " virtue the greatest of all monarchies " [Swift]; virtus lau- datur el alget [Juvenal]; virtus vincit invidiam. 330 945. Vice. — N. vice; evil -doing, - courses; wrongdoing; wickedness, vi- ciousness &c. adj.; iniquity, peccability, demerit; sin, Adam; old -, off ending- Adam. immorality, impropriety, indecorum, scandal, laxity, looseness of morals; en- do-, exo-phagy; want of -principle, - ballast; obliquity, backsliding, infamy, demoralization, pravity, depravity, pol- lution; hardness of heart; brutality &c. (malevolence) 907; corruption &c. (de- basement) 659; knavery &c. (improbity) 940; profligacy; flagrancy, atrocity; can- nibalism; lesbianism, Sadism. infirmity; weakness &c. adj.; weak- ness of the flesh, frailty, imperfection; error; weak side; foible; fail-ing, -ure; crying -, besetting- sin; defect, defi- ciency; cloven foot. lowest dregs of vice, sink of iniquity, Alsatian den; gusto picaresco. fault, crime; criminality &c. (guilt) 947. sinner &c. 949. [Resorts] brothel &c. 961; gambling house &c. 621 ; joint *, opium den. V. be -vicious &c. adj.; sin, commit sin, do amiss, err, transgress; misde- mean -, forget -, misconduct- oneself; mis-do, -behave; fall, lapse, slip, trip, offend, trespass; deviate from the -line of duty, - path of virtue &c. 944; take a wrong course, go astray; hug a -sin, - fault; sow one's wild oats. render -vicious &c. adj.; demoralize, brutalize; corrupt &c. (degrade) 659. VI. iv. 3 MORAL CONDITIONS 945 — 947 Adj. 1 vicious; sinful; sinning &c. v.; wicked, iniquitous, immoral, un- righteous, wrong, criminal; naughty, incorrect; undut-eous, -iful. unprincipled, lawless, disorderly, contra bonos mores, indecorous, unseemly, improper; dissolute, profligate, scampish; unworthy; worth-, desert-less; dis- graceful, recreant; reprehensible, blameworthy, uncommendable ; dis- creditable, -reputable; Sadistic. base, sinister, scurvy, foul, gross, vile, black, grave, facinorous f, felonious, nefarious, shameful, scandalous, infamous, villanous, of a deep dye, heinous; flag-rant, -itious; atrocious, incarnate, accursed. Mephistophelian, satanic, diabolic, hellish, infernal, stygian, fiendlike, hell- born, demoniacal, devilish, fiendish. mis-created, -begotten; demoralized, corrupt, depraved. evil-minded, -disposed; ill-conditioned; malevolent &c. 907; heart-, grace-, shame-, virtue-less; abandoned, lost to virtue; unconscionable; sunk -, lost -, deep -, steeped- in iniquity. incorrigible, irreclaimable, obdurate, reprobate, past praying for; culpable, reprehensible &c. (guilty) 947. unjustifiable; in-defensible, -excusable; inexpiable, unpardonable, irre- missible. weak, frail, lax, infirm, imperfect, indiscreet; demoralizing, degrading. Adv. wrong; sinfully &c. adj.; without excuse. ' Int. temporal mores! Phr. alitur vitium vivitque tegendo [Vergil]; genus est mortis male vivere [Ovid]; mala mens malus animus [Terence]; nemo repente fuit turpissimus; " the trail of the serpent is over them all " [Moore]; " to sanction vice and hunt decorum down" [Bryon]. 946. Innocence. — N. innocence; guiltlessness &c. adj.; incorruption, im- peccability. clean hands, clear conscience, mens sibi conscia recti [Vergil]. innocent, lamb, dove. V. be -innocent &c. adj.; nil conscire sibi nulla pallescere culpa [Horace]. acquit &c. 970; exculpate &c. (vindi- cate) 937. Adj. innocent, not guilty; unguilty; guilt-, fault-, sin-, stain-, blood-, spot- less; clear, immaculate; rectus in curia; un-spotted, -blemished, -erring; unde- nted &c. 939; unhardened, Saturnian; Arcadian &c. (artless) 703. in-, un-culpable; unblam-ed, -able; blameless, unfallen, inerrable, above sus- picion; irrepr-oachable, -ovable, -ehen- sible; un-exceptionable, -objectionable, -impeachable; salvable; venial &c. 937. harmless; in-offensive, -noxious, -noc- uous; dove-, lamb-like; pure, harmless as doves; innocent as -a lamb, - the babe unborn; " more sinned against than sinning" [Lear]. virtuous &c. 944; un-reproved, -im- peached, -reproached. Adv. innocently &c. adj.; with clean hands; with a -clear, - safe- conscience. 947. Guilt. — N. guilt, -iness; cul- pability; crimin-ality, -ousness; devia- tion from rectitude &c. (improbity) 940; sinfulness &c. (vice) 945. mis-conduct, -behavior, -doing, -deed; malpractice, fault, sin, error, transgres- sion; dereliction, delinquency; indis- cretion, lapse, slip, trip, faux pas, pec- cadillo; flaw, blot, omission; fail-ing, -ure; break, bad break [U. S.], capital crime, delictum. offense, trespass; mis-demeanor, -fea- sance, -prision; mal-efaction, -feasance, -versation; crime, felony. enormity, atrocity, outrage ; deadly -, mortal- sin; " deed without a name " [Macbeth]. corpus delicti. Adj. guilty, to blame, culpable, pec- cable, in fault, censurable, reprehensible, blameworthy, uncommendable, illaud- able ; weighed in the balance and found wanting ; exceptionable. Adv. in flagrante delicto; red-handed, in the very act. Phr. cui prodest scelus is fecit [Seneca]; cut- pam poena premit comes [Horace]; "O would tin- deed were good! " [Richard II}; " responsibility prevents crimes " [Burke;] se judice nemo no- cens absolvitur [Juvenal]; "so many laws ar- gues so many sins " [Paradise Lost]. Phr. murus aeneus conscientia sana [Horace]. 1 Most of these adjectives are applicable both to the act and to the agent. 331 948 — 951 AFFECTIONS VI. iv. 3 948. Good Man. — N. good man, worthy. model, paragon &c. (perfection) 650; good example; hero, demigod, seraph, angel; innocent &c. 946; saint &c. (piety) 987; benefactor &c. 912; philanthropist &c. 910; Aristides; noble liver, pattern. brick *, trump *, rough diamond, ugly duckling. salt of the earth ; one in ten thousand ; a man among men. Phr. si sic omnes! 949. Bad Man. — N. bad man, wrongdoer, worker of iniquity; evildoer &c. 913; sinner; the -wicked &c. 945; bad example. rascal, scoundrel, villain, miscreant, budmash, caitiff; wretch, reptile, viper, serpent, cockatrice, basilisk, urchin; ti- ger, monster; devil &c. (demon) 980; devil incarnate; demon in human shape, Nana Sahib; hell-hound, -cat; rakehell. bad woman, jade, Jezebel, scamp, scapegrace, rip, runagate, ne'er-do-well, reprobate, roue, rake; Sadist, scal(l)awag; skeesicks *, skeezix * [U. S.]; limb; one who has sold him- self to the devil, fallen angel, time damnee, vaurien, mauvais sujet, loose fish, sad dog; rounder *; lost-, black- sheep; castaway, recreant, defaulter; prodi- gal &c. 818. rough, rowdy, ugly customer, ruffian, bully; Jonathan Wild; hangman; incendiary; fire bug [U. S.]; thief &c. 792; murderer &c. 361. culprit, delinquent, criminal, malefactor, misdemeanant; felon; convict, jail bird, ticket of leave man; outlaw. blackguard, polisson, loafer, sneak; raps-, ras-callion; cullion, mean wretch, varlet, kern f, dme-de-boue, drole; cur, dog, hound, whelp, mongrel; lown, loon, runnion, outcast, vagabond; rogue &c. (knave) 941; ronian; scum of the earth, riffraff; Arcades ambo. Int. sirrah! Phr. Acherontis pabulum; gibier de potence. 951. Impenitence. — N. impeni- tence, irrepentance, recusance; lack of contrition. hardness of heart, seared conscience, induration, obduracy. V. be -impenitent &c. adj.) steel -, harden- the heart; die -game, - and make no sign. Adj. impenitent, uncontrite, obdu- rate; hard, -ened; seared, recusant; un- repentant; relent-, remorse-, grace- shrift-less. lost, incorrigible, irreclaimable. unre-claimed, -formed; unrepented, unatoned. 950. Penitence. — N. penitence, contrition, compunction, repentance, re- morse; regret &c. 833. self-reproach, -reproof, -accusation, -condemnation, -humiliation; stings -, pangs -, qualms -, prickings -, twinge -, twitch -, touch -, voice- of conscience; compunctious visitings of nature. acknowledgment, confession &c. (dis- closure) 529; apology &c. 952; recanta- tion &c. 607; penance &c. 952; resipi- scence. awakened conscience, deathbed re- pentance, locus pcenitentice, stool of re- pentance, cuttystool. penitent, repentant, Magdalen, prodi- gal son, " a sadder and a wiser man " [Coleridge]. V. repent, be sorry for; be -penitent &c. adj.; rue; regret &c. 833; think better of; recant &c. 607; knock under &c. (submit) 725; plead guilty; sing -miserere, - de profundis; cry peccavi; own oneself in the wrong; acknowledge, confess &c. (disclose) 529; humble oneself; beg pardon &c. (apologize) 952; turn over a new leaf, put on the new man, turn from sin; reclaim; repent in sackcloth and ashes &c. (do penance) 952; learn by experience. Adj. penitent; repenting &c. v.; repentant, contrite; conscience-smitten, -stricken; self-accusing, -convicted. penitenti-al, -ary; reclaimed; not hardened; unhardened. Adv. med culpa. Phr. peccavi; erubuit; salva res est [Terence]; Tu I'as voulu, Georges Dandin; " and wet his grave with my repentant tears " [Richard III]. 332 VI. iv. 4 MORAL PRACTICE 952 — 955 952. Atonement. — N. atonement, reparation; compromise, composition; compensation &c. 30; quittance, quits; expiation, redemption, reclamation, conciliation, propitiation; indemnification, redress. amends, apology, amende honorable, satisfaction; peace -, sin-, burnt- offer- ing; scapegoat, sacrifice. penance, fasting, maceration, sackcloth and ashes, white sheet, shrift, flagel- lation, lustration; purga-tion, -tory. V. atone, - for; expiate; propitiate; make -amends, - good; reclaim, redeem, repair, ransom, absolve, purge, shrive, do penance, stand in a white sheet, re- pent in sackcloth and ashes. set one's house in order, wipe off old scores, make matters up; pay the -for- feit, - penalty. apologize, beg pardon, faire l' amende honorable, give satisfaction; come -, fall- down on one's -knees, - marrow bones. Adj. propitiatory, expiatory; sacrific, -ial, -atory; piacul-ar, -ous. 4. Moral Practice 953. Temperance. — N. temper- ance, moderation, sobriety, soberness. forbearance, abnegation; self-denial, -restraint, -control &c. (resolution) 604. frugality; vegetarianism, teetotalism, total abstinence; abst-inence, -emious- ness; Encratism, prohibition; system of -Pythagoras, - Cornaro; Pythagorism, Stoicism. vegetarian ; Pythagorean, gymnoso- phist; teetotaler &c. 958; abstainer; Encratite, fruitarian, hydropot. V. be -temperate &c. adj. ; abstain, forbear, refrain, deny oneself, spare; know when one has had enough; take the pledge. Adj. temperate, moderate, sober, fru- gal, sparing; abst-emious, -inent; within compass; measured &c. (sufficient) 639. Pythagorean; vegetarian; teetotal. Phr. appetitus rationi obediant [Cic.]; I'ab- stenir pour jouir c'est Vepicurisme de la raison [Rousseau]; trahit sua quemque voluptas [Vergil]. 954. Intemperance. — N. intem- perance; sensuality, animalism, car- nality; tragalism; pleasure; effeminacy, silkiness; luxur-y, -iousness; lap of -pleasure, - luxury; free-living. indulgence; high living, inabstinence, self-indulgence ; voluptuousness &c. adj. ; epicur-ism, -eanism; sybaritism; drug habit. dissipation; licentiousness &c. adj.; debauchery; crapulence. revel-s, -ry; debauch, carousal, jolli- fication, drinking bout, wassail, satur- nalia, orgies; excess, too much. Circean cup; bhang, hashish, opium, cocaine. V. be -intemperate &c. adj.; indulge, exceed; live -well, - high, - on the fat of the land; give a loose to -indulgence &c. n. ; wallow in -voluptuousness &c. n. ; plunge into dissipation. revel, rake, live hard, run riot, sow one's wild oats; slake one's -appetite, - thirst; swill; pamper. Adj. intemperate, inabstinent; sensual, self-indulgent; voluptuous, luxu- rious, licentious, wild, dissolute, rakish, fast, debauched, brutish, crapulous, swinish, piggish. Paphian, Epicurean, Sybaritical; bred -, nursed- in the lap of luxury; indulged, pampered; full -, high- fed. Phr. " being full of supper and distempering draughts " [Othello\. 954a. Sensualist. — N. Sybarite, voluptuary, Sardanapalus, man of pleas- ure, carpet knight; epicure, -an; gourm-et, -and; pig, hog; votary -, swine- of Epicurus; sensualist; Heliogabalus; free -, hard- liver; libertine &c. 962; hedon- ist; tragalist. 955. Asceticism. — N. asceticism, puritanism, Sabbatarianism; cynicism, austerity; total abstinence; nephalism. 333 955 — 959 AFFECTIONS VI. iv. 4 mortification, maceration, sackcloth and ashes, flagellation; penance &c. 952; fasting &c. 956; martyrdom. ascetic; anchor-et, -ite; martyr; Heautontimorumenos; hermit &c. {recluse) 893; puritan, Sabbatarian, cynic, sanyasi, yogi. Adj. ascetic, austere, puritanical; cynical; over-religious; acerbic. 956. Fasting. — N. fasting; xeroph- agy; famishment, starvation. fast, jour maigre; fast-, banyan- day; Lent, quadragesima; Rama-dan, -zan; spare -, meager- diet; Ienten -diet, - entertainment ; soupe maigre, short com- mons, Barmecide feast; short rations. V. fast, starve, clem f, famish, perish with hunger; dine with Duke Hum- phrey; make two bites of a cherry. Adj. Ienten, quadragesimal; unfed; starved &c. v.; half-starved; fasting &c. v.; hungry &c. 865. 957. Gluttony. — N. gluttony; greed; greediness &c. adj.; voracity. epicurism; good -, high- living; edac- ity, gulosity, crapulence; gutt-, guzz- ling; pantophagy. good cheer, blow out *; feast &c. (food) 298; gastronomy, batterie de cuisine. epicure, bon-vivant, gourmand; glut- ton, cormorant, hog, belly-god, Apicius, gastronome. V. gormandize, gorge; over-gorge, -eat- oneself; engorge, eat one's fill, cram, stuff; gutt-, guzz-le; bolt, de- vour, gobble up; gulp &c. (swallow food) 298; raven, eat out of house and home. have the stomach of an ostrich; play a good knife and fork &c. (appetite) 865. pamper. Adj. gluttonous, greedy; gormandizing &c. crapulent, swinish. pampered; over-fed, -gorged. Phr. jejunus raro stomachus vulgaria temnit [Horace]. N. sobriety; tee- v.; edacious, omnivorous, 958. Sobriety totalism. water-drinker; hydropot; prohibi- tionist; teetotal-er, -ist; abstainer, Good Templar, band of hope. V. take the pledge. Adj. sober, - as a judge. 959. Drunkenness. — N. drunken- ness &c. adj.; intemperance; drinking &c. v.; inebri-ety, -ation; ebri-ety, -osity; insobriety; intoxication; temu- lency, bibacity, winebibbing; com-, po- tation; deep potations, bacchanals, bac- chanalia, libations; bender* [U. S.]. oino-, dipso-mania; delirium tremens; alcohol, -ism; mania a potu. drink; alcoholic drinks; blue ruin *, grog, port wine; punch, -bowl; cup, rosy wine, flowing bowl; drop, - too much; dram; beer &c. (beverage) 298; aguardiente; apple-brandy -jack; brandy, -smash [U. S.]; chain lightning*, champagne, cocktail; gin, -sling; highball [U. S.], peg, rum, rye, schnapps [U. S.], sherry, sling [U. S.], usquebaugh, whisky, xeres. drunkard, sot, toper, tippler, bibber, winebibber; hard -, gin -, dram- drinker; soaker *, sponge, tun; love-, toss-pot; thirsty soul, reveler, carouser, Bacchanal, -ian; Bacch-al, -ante; devotee to Bacchus; bum * [U. S.], guzzler, tavern haunter. V. get -, be- drunk &c. adj.; see double; take a -drop, - glass- too much; drink, tipple, tope, booze, bouse, guzzle, swill *, soak *, sot, bum * [U. S.], besot, have a jag on *, lush *, bib, swig, carouse; sacrifice at the shrine of Bacchus; take to drinking; drink -hard, - deep, - like a fish; have one's swill *, drain the cup, splice the main brace, take a hair of the dog that bit you. liquor, - up; wet one's whistle, take a whet; crack a -, pass the- bottle; toss off &c. (drink up) 298; go to the -ale, - public-house. make one -drunk &c. adj.; inebriate, fuddle, befuddle, fuzzle, get into one's head. Adj. drunk, tipsy; intoxicated; inebri-ous, -ate, -ated; in one's cups; in a 334 VI. iv. 4 MORAL PRACTICE 969 — 962 state of -intoxication &c. n.; temulent, -ive; fuddled, mellow, cut, boozy, fou, fresh, merry, elevated; flush, -ed; flustered, disguised, groggy, beery; top-heavy; potvaliant, glorious; potulentf; squiffy*; over-come, -taken; whittled, screwed *, tight *, primed, corned, raddled, sewed up *, lushy *, nappy, muddled, muzzy, obfuscated, maudlin; crapulous, dead drunk. 1 inter pocula; in -, the worse for- liquor; having had a drop too much, half seas over, three sheets in the wind ; under the table. drunk as -a piper, - a fiddler, - a lord, - Chloe, - an owl, - David's sow, - a wheelbarrow. drunken, bibacious, sottish; given -, addicted- to -drink, - the bottle; toping &c. v. Phr. nunc est bibendum; " Bacchus ever fair and young " [Drydenj; " drink down all unkindness " [Merry Wives]; " O that men should put an enemy in their mouths to steal away their brains " [Othello]. 960. Purity. — N. purity; decency, decorum, delicacy; continence, chastity, honesty, virtue, modesty, shame; pudic- ity, pucelage, virginity. vestal, virgin, Joseph, Hippolytus; Lucretia, Diana; prude. Adj. pure, undefiled, modest, delicate, decent, decorous; virginibus puerisque; chaste, continent, virtuous, honest, Pla- tonic. Phr. " as chaste as unsunn'd snow " [Cym- beline]; " a soul as white as heaven " [Beau- mont & Fl.]; " 'tis Chastity, my brother, Chas- tity " [Milton]; "to the pure all things are pure " [Shelley]. 961. Impurity. — N. impurity; un- cleanness &c. (filth) 653; immodesty; grossness &c. adj.; indelicacy, inde- cency; impudicity; obscenity, ribaldry, Fescennine, smut, bawdry, double en- tente, equivoque. concupiscence, lust, carnality, flesh, salacity; pruriency, lechery, lasciviency, lubricity; Sadism, sapphism. incontinence, intrigue, faux pas; amour, -ette; gallantry; debauchery, lib- ertinism, libertinage, fornication; liaison; wenching, venery, dissipation. seduction; defloration, defilement, abuse, violation, rape; incest, social evil, harlotry, stupration, whore- dom, concubinage, cuckoldom, adultery, advoutry, crim. con.; free-love. seraglio, harem; brothel, bagnio, stew, bawdyhouse, lupanar, house of ill fame, bordel. V. be -impure &c. adj.; intrigue; debauch, defile, seduce; prostitute; abuse, violate, deflower; commit -adultery &c. n. Adj. impure; unclean &c. (dirty) 653; not to be mentioned to ears polite; immodest, shameless; in-decorous, -delicate, -decent; Fescennine; loose, risque, coarse, gross, broad, free, equivocal, smutty, fulsome, ribald, obscene, bawdy, pornographic. concupiscent, prurient, lickerish, rampant, lustful; carnal, -minded; lewd, lascivious, lecherous, libidinous, erotic, ruttish, salacious; Paphian; volup- tuous; goatish; must, musty. unchaste, light, wanton, licentious, debauched, dissolute; of -loose char- acter, - easy virtue; frail, gay, riggish, incontinent, meretricious, rakish, gallant, dissipated; no better than she should be; on the -town, - streets, - pave, - loose. adulterous, incestuous, bestial. 962. Libertine. — N. libertine; voluptuary &c. 954a; rake, debauchee, loose fish, rip, rakehell, fast man; intrigant, gallant, seducer, fornicator, lecher, satyr, goat, whoremonger, paillard, adulterer, gay deceiver, Lothario, Don Juan, Bluebeard; chartered libertine. adultress, advoutress, courtesan, prostitute, strumpet, harlot, whore, punk, fille de joie; woman, - of the town; streetwalker, Cyprian, miss, piece; frail 1 More than three hundred slang expressions coming under this category are given in Farmer and Henley's Dictionary of Slang and Colloquial English. C. O S. M.J. 335 962 — 965 AFFECTIONS VI. iv. 3 sisterhood; demirep, wench, trollop, trull, baggage, hussy, drab, bitch, jade, skit, rig, quean, mopsy, slut, minx, harridan; unfortunate, - female, - woman; woman -of easy virtue &c. (unchaste) 961; wanton, fornicatress; Jezebel, Mes- salina, Delilah, Thais, Phryne, Aspasia, Lais, lorette, cocotte, petite dame, grisette; demimonde; chippy * [U. S.]; sapphist; spiritual wife; white slave. concubine, mistress, doxy, chere amie, bona roba. pimp; pand-er, -ar; bawd, conciliatrix, procuress, mackerel, wittol f. 5. Institutions 963. Legality. — N. legality; legiti- ma-cy, -teness. legislature; law, code, corpus juris, constitution, pandect, charter, enact- ment, statute, rule; canon &c. (precept) 697; ordinance, institution, regulation; by-, bye-law; decree &c. (order) 741; ordonnance; standing order; plebiscite &c. (choice) 609. legal process; form, -ula, -ality; rite, arm of the law ; habeas corpus; fieri facias. [Science of law] jurisprudence, no- mology; legislation, codification. equity, common law; lex -, lex non- script/a; law of nations, droit des gens, in- ternational law, jus gentium; jus civile; civil -, canon -, crown -, criminal -, statute -, ecclesiastical- law; lex mer- catoria. constitutional-ism, -ity; justice &c. 922. V. legalize; enact, ordain; decree &c. (order) 741; pass a law; legislate; codify, formulate. Adj. legal, legitimate; according to law; vested, constitutional, chartered, legalized; lawful &c. (permitted) 760; statut-able, -ory; legislat-orial, -ive. Adv. legally &c. adj.) in the eye of the law; de jure. Phr. ignorantia legis neminem excusat; " where law ends tyranny begins " [Earl of Chatham]. 964. [Absence or violation of law.] Illegality. — N. lawlessness; illicitness; breach -, violation- of law; disobedience &c. 742; unconformity &c. 83. arbitrariness &c. adj.; antinomy, vio- lence, brute force, despotism, outlawry. mob -, lynch -, club -, Lydford -, martial -, drumhead- law; coup d'etat; le droit du plus fort; argumentum bacu- linum. illegality, informality, unlawfulness, illegitimacy, bar sinister. trover and conversion; smuggling, poaching; simony. V. offend against -, violate- the law; set the law at defiance, ride roughshod over, drive a coach and six through a statute; make the law a dead letter, take the law into one's own hands. smuggle, run, poach. Adj. illegal; prohibited &c. 761; not allowed, unlawful, illegitimate, illicit, contraband, actionable. unchartered, unconstitutional; un- warranted, -able; unauthorized; in- formal, unofficial; in-, extra-judicial. lawless, arbitrary; despotic, -al; sum- mary, irresponsible; un-answerable, -ac- countable. null and void; a dead letter. Adv. illegally &c. adj.; with a high hand, in violation of law. 965. Jurisdiction. [Executive.] — N. jurisdiction, judicature, administra- tion of justice, soc; executive, commission of the peace; magistracy &c. (au- thority) 737. judge &c. 967; tribunal &c. 966; municipality, corporation, bailiwick, shriev- alty; lord lieutenant, sheriff, shrieve, constable; selectman; police, - force; constabulary, bumbledom. officer, bailiff, tipstaff, bum-bailiff, catchpoll, beadle; police-man, -constable, -sergeant; sbirro, alguazil, gendarme, kavass, lictor, mace bearer, huissier, bedel; tithingman. press gang; exciseman, ga(u)ger, customhouse officer, douanier. coroner, edile, sedile, portreeve, paritor f; posse comitatus. bureau, cutcherry, department, secretariat. V. judge, sit in judgment. 336 VI. iv. 5 MORAL INSTITUTIONS 965 — 969 Adj. executive, administrative, municipal; inquisitorial, causidical; judic- atory, -iary, -ial; juridical. Adv. coram judice. 966. Tribunal. — N. tribunal, court, board, bench, judicatory; court of -justice, - law, - arbitration; inquisition; guild. justice -, judgment -, mercy- seat; woolsack; bar, - of justice; dock; forum, hustings, bureau, drumhead; jury-, witness-box. senate-house, town hall, theater; House of- Commons, - Lords; statehouse [U. S.], townhouse. assize, eyre; ward-, burgh-mote; barmote; superior courts of Westminster; court of -record, - oyer and terminer, - assize, - appeal, - error; High court of -Judicature, - Appeal; Judicial Committee of the Privy Council; Star-Cham- ber; Court of -Chancery, - King's or Queen's Bench, - Exchequer, - Common Pleas, - Probate, - Arches, - Admiralty; Lords Justices' -, Rolls -, Vice Chancel- lor's -, Stannary -, Divorce -, Palatine -, county -, district -, police- court; sessions; quarter -, petty- sessions; court -leet, - baron, - of pie poudre, - of common council ; board of green cloth. court-martial; drumhead court-martial; durbar, divan; Areopagus; rota. Adj. judicial &c. 965; appellate. Phr. die Wellgeschichle ist das Wellgericht. 967. Judge. — N. judge; justi-ce, -ciar, -ciary; chancellor; justice -, judge- of assize; recorder, common serjeant; puisne -, assistant -, county court- judge; conservator -, justice- of the peace; J. P.; court &c. (tribunal) 966; jury; magistrate, police magistrate, beak*; his -worship, - honor, - lordship; twelve men in a box. Lord -Chancellor, - Justice; Master of the Rolls, Vice Chancellor; Lord Chief -Justice, - Baron; Mr. Justice; Baron, - of the Exchequer. jurat, assessor; arbi-ter, -trator; umpire; refer-ee, -endary; revising barrister; domesman; censor &c. (critic) 480; barmaster, ephor; grand- juror, -juryman; juryman, talesman. archon, tribune, praetor, syndic, podesta, mollah, ulema, mufti, cadi, kadi; Rhadamanthus. litigant &c. (accusation) 938. V. adjudge &c. (determine) 480; try a -case, - prisoner. Adj. judicial &c. 965. Phr. " a Daniel come to judgment " [Merchant of Venice]. 968. Lawyer. — N. lawyer, jurist, legist, civilian, pundit, publicist, juris- consult, legal adviser, advocate; barrister, - at law; counsel, -lor; King's or Queen's counsel; K. C; Q. C; silk gown, leader, serjeant-at-law, bencher; tub- man, judge &c. 967. bar, legal profession, gentleman of the long robe; junior -, outer -, inner- bar; equity draftsman, conveyancer, pleader, special pleader. solicitor, attorney, proctor; notary, -public; scrivener, cursitor; writer, - to the signet; S.S.C.; limb of the law; pettifogger; vakil. V. practice -at, - within- the bar; plead; call -, be called- -to, - within- the bar; take silk. Adj. learned in the law; at the bar; forensic Phr. banco regis. 969. Lawsuit. — N. lawsuit, suit, action, cause; litigation; suit in law; dis- pute &c. 713. citation, arraignment, prosecution, impeachment; accusation &c. 938; pre- sentment, true bill, indictment. apprehension, arrest; committal; imprisonment &c. (restraint) 751. 337 969 — 972 AFFECTIONS VI. iv. 5 writ, summons, subpnena, latitat, nisi prius; venire, -facias. pleadings; declaration, bill, claim; proces-verbal, bill of right, information corpus delicti; affidavit, state of facts; answer, replication, plea, demurrer, re- butter, rejoinder; surre-butter, -joinder. suitor, party to a suit; litigant &c. 938. hearing, trial; verdict &c. (judgment) 480; appeal, - motion; writ of error; certiorari. case, decision, precedent; decided case, reports. V. go to -, appeal to the- law; bring to -justice, - trial, - the bar; put on trial, pull up; accuse &c. 938; prefer -, file- a claim &c. n.; take the law of, inform against. serve with a writ, cite, apprehend, arraign, sue, prosecute, bring an action against, indict, impeach, attach, distrain, commit; arrest; summon, -s; give in charge &c. (restrain) 751. empanel a jury, implead, join issue; close the pleadings; set down for hearing. try, hear a cause; sit in judgment; adjudicate &c. 480. Adj. litigious &c. (quarrelsome) 713; qui tarn; coram -, sub- judice. Adv. pendente lite. Phr. adhuc sub judice lis est; accedas ad curiam; transeat in exemplum. 970. Acquittal. — N. acquit-tal, -ment; clearance, exculpation; acquit- tance, clearance, exoneration; discharge &c. (release) 750; quietus, absolution, compurgation, reprieve, respite; pardon &c. (forgiveness) 918. [Exemption from punishment] im- punity. V. acquit, exculpate, exonerate, clear; absolve, whitewash, assoil; discharge, release; liberate &c. 750. reprieve, respite; pardon &c. (forgive) 918; let off, - scot-free. Adj. acquitted &c. v.; un-condemned, -punished, -chastised. Phr. nemo bis punitur pro eodem delicto. 971. Condemnation. — N. condem- nation, conviction, judgment, penalty, sentence ; proscription, damnation ; death warrant. attain-der, -ture, -tment. V. condemn, convict, cast, bring home to, find guilty, damn, doom, sign the death warrant, sentence, pass sentence on, attaint, confiscate, proscribe, seques- trate; nonsuit. disapprove &c. 932; accuse &c. 938. stand condemned. Adj. condem-, dam-natory; con- demned &c. v.; nonsuited &c. (failure) 732; self-convicted. Phr. mutato nomine de te fabula narratur; " unrespited, unpitied, unreprieved " [P. L.]. 972. Punishment. — N. punishment, punition; chast-isement, -ening; correction, castigation. discipline, infliction, trial; judgment; penalty &c. 974; retribution; thunder- bolt, Nemesis; requital &c. (reward) 973; penology; retributive justice. lash, scaffold &c. (instrument of punishment) 975; imprisonment &c. (re- straint) 751; transportation, banishment, expulsion, exile, involuntary exile, ostracism; penal servitude, hard labor; galleys &c. 975; beating &c. v.; flagel- lation, fustigation, gantlet, strappado, estrapade, bastinado, argumentum baculinum, stick law, rap on the knuckles, box on the ear; blow &c. (impulse) 276; stripe, cuff, kick, buffet, pummel; slap, - in the face; wipe, douse; coup de grace; torture, rack; picket, -ing; dragonnade; capital punishment; execu- tion; hanging &c. v.; electrocution, rail-riding, scarpines; de- capitation, -colla- tion; garrot-te, -to; crucifixion, impalement; martyrdom, auto-da-fe; noyade; hara-kiri, seppuku, happy dispatch. V. punish; chast-ise, -en; castigate, correct, inflict punishment, administer correction, deal retributive justice; cowhide, lambaste *. visit upon, pay; pay -, serve- out; do for; make short work of, give a lesson to, serve one right, make an example of; have a rod in pickle for; give it one. strike &c. 276; deal a blow to, administer the lash, smite; slap, - the face; smack, cuff, box the ears, spank, thwack, thump, beat, lay on, swinge, buffet; 338 VI. iv. 5 MORAL INSITUTIONS 972 — 975 thresh, thrash, pummel, drub, leather, trounce, sandbag, baste, belabor; lace, - one's jacket; dress, give a dressing, trim, warm, wipe, tund f, cob, bang, strap, comb, lash, lick, larrup, wallop, whop t, flog, scourge, whip, birch, cane, give the stick, switch, flagellate, horsewhip, bastinado, towel, rub down with an oaken towel, rib roast, dust one's jacket, fustigate, pitch into, lay about one, beat black and blue; beat to a -mummy, - jelly; give a black eye. tar and feather; pelt, stone, lapidate; masthead, keelhaul. execute; bring to the -block, - gallows; behead; de-capitate, -collate; guillotine; hang, turn off, gibbet, bowstring, hang draw and quarter; shoot; decimate; burn; break on the wheel, crucify; em-, im-pale; flay; lynch; electrocute. torture; put -on, - to- the rack; picket. banish, exile, transport, expel, ostracize; rusticate; drum out; dis-miss, -bar, -bench; strike off the roll, unfrock; post. suffer, - for, - punishment; be -flogged, - hanged &c; come to the gallows, dance upon nothing, die in one's shoes; be rightly served. Adj. punishing &c. v.; penal; puni-tory, -tive; inflictive, castigatory; punished &c. v. Int. a la lanterne! Phr. culpam poena premit comes [Horace]; " eating the bitter bread of banishment" [Richard II]; gravis ira regum est semper [Seneca]; sera tamen tacitis poena venit pedibus [Tibullus]; suo sibi gladio hunc jugulo [Terence]. 974. Penalty. — N. penalty; retri- bution &c. (punishment) 972 ; pain, pains and penalties; weregild, wergild; peine forte et dure; penance &c. (atonement) 952; the devil to pay. fine, mulct, amercement; forfeit, -ure; escheat, damages, deodand, sequestra- tion, confiscation, premunire; doomage [U. S.]. V. fine, mulct, amerce, sconce, con- fiscate; sequest-rate, -er; escheat; es- treat, forfeit. 975. [Instrument of punishment.] Scourge. - — N. scourge, rod, cane, stick; ra-, rat-tan; birch, - rod; azote, black- snake, bullwhack [U. S.], chicote, kur- bash, quirt, rawhide, sjambok; rod in pickle; switch, ferule, cudgel, truncheon. whip, lash, strap, thong, cowhide, knout; cat, - o' nine tails; rope's end. pillory, stocks, whipping post; cuck-, duck-ing stool; brank; trebuchet, tre- bucket, triangle, wooden horse, maiden, thumbscrew, boot, rack, wheel, iron heel; treadmill, crank, galleys, scaffold; block, ax, guillotine; stake; cross; gallows, gibbet, tree, drop, noose, rope, halter, bowstring; death -, electric- chair; mecate. house of correction &c. (prison) 752. gaol-, jail-er; executioner; electrocutioner; lyncher; hang-, heads-man; Jack Ketch. 973. Reward. — N. reward, recom- pense, remuneration, meed, guerdon, reguerdonf; price; indemni-ty, -fica- tion; quittance; compensation; repara- tion, redress; retribution, reckoning, acknowledgment, requital, amends, sop; atonement; consideration, return, quid pro quo; salvage, perquisite; vail &c. (donation) 784; douceur, bribe; hush-, smart-money; blackmail; carcelage f ; so- latium. allowance, salary, stipend, wages; pay, -ment; emolument; tribute; batta, shot, scot; premium, fee, honorarium; hire; dasturi, dustoori; mileage. crown &c. (decoration of honor) 877. V. re-ward, -compense, -pay, -quite; re-, munerate; compensate; fee; pay one's footing &c. (pay) 807; make amends, indemnify, atone; satisfy, ac- knowledge. get for one's pains, reap the fruits of. Adj. remunerat-ive, -ory; munerary, compensatory, retributive, reparatory. Phr. fideli certa merces; honor virtutis prem- ium [Cicero]; libi seris tibi metis. 339 976 — 978 AFFECTIONS VI. v. 1 Section V. RELIGIOUS AFFECTIONS 1. Superhuman Beings and Regions 976. Deity. — N. Deity, Divinity; God-head, -ship; Omnipotence, Provi- dence. [Quality of being divine] divin-eness, -ity. God, Lord, Jehovah; The -Almighty, - Supreme Being, - First Cause; Ens Entium; Author -, Creator- of all things; Author of our being; Cosmoplast; El; The -Infinite, - Eternal; The All-powerful, -wise, -merciful, -holy. [Attributes and perfections] infinite -power, - wisdom, - goodness, - justice, - truth, - mercy; omni-potence, -science, -presence; unity, immutability, holi- ness, glory, majesty, sovereignty, infinity, eternity. The -Trinity, - Holy Trinity, - Trinity in Unity, - Triune God. God the Father ; The -Maker, - Creator, - Preserver. [Functions] creation, preservation, divine government; The-ocracy, -archy; providence; ways -, dealings -, dispensations -, visitations- of Providence. God the Son, Jesus, Christ; The -Messiah, - Anointed, - Saviour, - Re- deemer, - Mediator, - Intercessor, - Advocate, - Judge; The Son of -God, - Man, -David; The Lamb of God, The Word; Logos; Em-, Im-manuel; The -King of Kings and Lord of Lords, - King of Glory, - Prince of Peace, - Good Shepherd, - Way, - Truth, - Life, - Bread of Life, - Light of the World; The -Lord our, - Sun of- Righteousness; " The Pilot of the Galilean lake " [Milton]. The -Incarnation, - Hypostatic Union. [Functions] salvation, redemption, atonement, propitiation, mediation, inter- cession, judgment. God the Holy Ghost, The Holy Spirit, Paraclete; The -Comforter, - Spirit of Truth, - Dove. [Functions] inspiration, unction, regeneration, sanctification, consolation. eon, aeon, special providence, deus ex machina; avatar. V. create, uphold, preserve, govern &c. atone, redeem, save, propitiate, mediate &c. predestinate, elect, call, ordain, bless, justify, sanctify, glorify &c. Adj. almighty, holy, hallowed, sacred, divine, heavenly, celestial; sacrosanct; all-knowing, -seeing, -wise; omniscient. super-human, -natural; ghostly, spiritual, hyperphysical, unearthly; the- istic, -ocratic; anointed; soterial. Adv. jure divino, by divine right. Phr. Domine dirige nos; en Dieu est ma fiance; et sceleratis sol oritur [Seneca]; " He mounts the storm and walks upon the wind" [Pope]; "Thou great First Cause, least understood" [Pope]; sans Dieu rien. 977. [Beneficent spirits.] Angel. — N. angel, archangel; guardian angel; heavenly host, host of heaven, sons of God; seraph, -im; cherub, -im; minister- ing spirit, morning star; saint, Madon- na; invisible helpers. Adj. angelic, seraphic. 978. [Maleficent spirits.] Satan. — N. Satan, the Devil, Lucifer, Ahriman, Belial; Samael, Zamiel, Beelzebub, the Prince of the Devils. 1 the tempter; the evil -one, - spirit; the Adversary; the archenemy; the -au- thor of evil, - wicked one, - old Ser- pent; the Prince of -darkness, - this world, - the power of the air; the -foul, - arch- fiend; the devil incarnate; the -common enemy, - angel of the bottomless pit; Abaddon, Apollyon. fallen angels, unclean spirits, devils; the -rulers, - powers- of darkness; inhabitants of Pandemonium; demon &c. 980. 1 The slang expressions " the -deuce, - dickens, - old Gentleman; old -Nick, - Scratch, - Horny, - Harry, - Gooseberry," have not been inserted in the text. 340 VI. v. 1 RELIGION 978 — 982 diabolism; devil-ism, -ship; diabolology; satanism, manicheism; the cloven foot. Adj. satanic, diabolic, devilish; infernal, hellborn. Mythological and other fabulous Deities and Powers 979. Jupiter. — N. god, -dess; hea- then gods and goddesses; deva; Jupiter, Jove &c. ; pantheon. Allah, Bathala,Brahm, Brahma, Brah- ma, cloud-compeller, Devi, Durga, Kali, oread, the Great Spirit, Ushas; water -, wood- nymph; Yama, Varuna, Zeus, Vishnu, Siva, Shiva, Krishna, Jugger- nath, Buddha; Isis, Osiris; Belus, Bel, Baal, Asteroth &c. ; Thor, Odin; Mumbo Jumbo; good -, tutelary- genius; demi- urge, familiar; sibyl; fairy, fay; sylph, -id; Ariel, peri, nymph, nereid, dryad, sea-maid, banshee, benshie, Ormuzd; Oberon, Mab, hamadryad, naiad, mer- maid, kelpie, Ondine, nixie, sprite; deni- zens of the air; pixy &c. (bad spirit) 980. mythology; heathen -, fairy- myth- ology; Lempriere, folklore. Adj. fairy-, sylph-like; sylphic. Phr. " you moonshine revelers and shades of night " [Merry Wives]. 980. Demon. — N. demon, -ry, -ol- ogy; evil genius, fiend, familiar, daeva, devil; bad -, unclean- spirit; cacodemon, incubus, Frankenstein's monster, Eblis, shaitan, succubus and succuba, Titan, Shedim, Mephistopheles, Asmodeus, Moloch, Belial, Ahriman, fury, harpy; Friar Rush. vampire, ghoul; afreet, barghest, Loki; ogre, -ss; gnome, gin, jinn, imp, deev, lamia; bo-gie, -gle; nis, kobold, flibber- tigibbet, fairy, brownie, pixy, elf, dwarf, urchin, Puck, Robin Goodfellow; lepre- chaun, Cluricaune, troll, dwerger, sprite, ouphe, bad fairy, nix, nixie, pigwidgeon, will-o'-the-wisp. [Supernatural appearance] ghost, rev- enant, specter, apparition, spirit, shade, shadow, vision; hob-, goblin; wraith, spook, boggart, banshee, loup-garou, lemures; evil eye. mer-man, -maid, -folk; siren; satyr, faun; manit-o, -ou, -u. Adj. supernatural, weird, uncanny, unearthly, spectral; ghost-ly, -like; elf-in, -ish, -like; fiend-ish, -like; impish, demoniacal; haunted; pokerish [U. S.]. 981. Heaven. — N. heaven; king- dom of -heaven, - God; heavenly king- dom ; throne -, presence- of God ; inherit- ance of the saints in light. Paradise, Eden, Zion, abode of the blessed; celestial bliss, glory. [Mythological -heaven] Olympus ; [- paradise] Elysium, Elysian fields, Ar- cadia, bowers of bliss, garden of the Hesperides, third heaven; Val-, Wal- halla (Scandinavian); Nirvana (Bud- dhist); happy hunting grounds; Alfar- daws, Assama; Falak at aflak " the high- est heaven " (Mohammedan). future state, eternal home, resurrec- tion, translation; resuscitation &c. 660; apotheosis, deification. Adj. heavenly, celestial, supernal, un- earthly, from on high, paradisiacal, beati Phr. " looks through nature up to nature's stairs, that slope through darkness up to God " joy " [Henry VI]; vigeur de dessvs. 982. Hell. — N. hell, bottomless pit, place of torment; habitation of fallen angels; Pandemonium, Abaddon, Dom- daniel ; jahannan, sheol. hell fire; everlasting -fire, - torment; lake of fire and brimstone; fire that is never quenched, worm that never dies. purgatory, limbo, gehenna, abyss. [Mythological hell] Tartarus, Hades, Avernus, Styx, Stygian creek, pit of Acheron, Cocytus; infernal regions, in- ferno, shades below, realms of Pluto. Pluto, Rhadamanthus, Erebus; To- phet. Adj. hellish, infernal, stygian. Phr. dies irce dies ilia; " the hue of dungeons and the scowl of night " [Love's Labor's Lost]. fie, elysian. god " [Pope]; " the great world's altar- [Tennyson]; " the treasury oi everlasting 341 983 — 984 AFFECTIONS VI. v. 2 2. Religious Doctrines 983. [Religious Knowledge.] Theology. — N. theology (natural and re- vealed); theo-gony, -sophy; divinity; hagio-logy, -graphy; Caucasian mys- tery; monotheism; religion; religious -persuasion, - sect, - denomination; creed &c. (belief) 484; articles -, declaration -, profession -, confession- of faith. theolog-ue, -ian; scholastic, divine, schoolman, canonist, theologist; the Fathers. Adj. theological, religious; denominational; sectarian &c. 984. 983a. Orthodoxy. — N. orthodoxy; strictness, soundness, religious truth, true faith; truth &c. 494; soundness of doctrine. Christian-ity, -ism; Catholic-ism, -ity; " the faith once delivered to the saints "; hyperorthodoxy &c. 984; icon- oclasm. the Church; Catholic -, Universal -, Apostolic -, Established- Church; tem- ple of the Holy Ghost; Church -, body -, members -, disciples -, followers- of Christ; Christian, - community; true believer; canonist en< 151 chance 156 disaster 619 misfortune 735 - of an accident 156 -s by flood and field 619 fatal - 361 accidental extrinsic 6 fortuitous 156 undesigned 621 accidents trust to the chapter of - 621 accipient 785 ACCI ACCR ACHI ACQU accipitres 739 acclamation assent 488 approbation 931 acclimatize domesticate 370 inure 613 acclivity 217 accloy 641 accolade 894 accommodate suit 23 adjust 27 aid 707 reconcile 723 give 784 lend 787 - oneself to conform 82 accommodating kind 906 accommodation train 272 accompaniment adjunct 39 coexistence 88 musical 415 accompanist 416 accompany add 37 coexist 88 concur 120 music 416 accompli, fait - 729 accomplice 711 accomplish execute 161 complete 729 succeed 731 accomplishment learning 490 tateni 698 accompts 811 accord uniform 16 a<7ree 23 music 413 assent 488 concord 714 <7ran< 760 aiwe 784 of one's own - 602 accordance 23 according - as qualification 469 - to evidence 467 - to circumstances 8 - to Gunter 82 - to law 963 - to rule conformably 82 accordingly logically 476 accordion 417 accordionist 416 accost 586 accouchement 161 accoucheur minister 631 doctor 662 accoucheuse 662 account list 86 adjudge 480 description 594 cred^ 805 money - 811 /ame 873 approbation 931 - as deem 484 - for attribution 155 interpret 522 - with Jrade 794 pay 807 call to - censure 932 find one's - in useful 644 success 731 make no - of undervalue 483 despise 930 not - for unintelligible 519 on - of cause 155 motive 615 6e/iaZ/ 707 on no - 536 send to one's - kill 361 small - 643 take into - attend to 457 qualify 469 to one's - property 780 turn to - improve 658 use 677 success 731 aain 775 accountable debit 811 duty 926 accountant treasurer 801 auditor 811 - general 801 accounting 811 accounts 811 accouple 43 accouterment dress 225 appliance 633 equipment 673 accoy 174 accredit commission 755, 759 money 805 honor 873 accredited believed 484 recognized 613 - to 755, 759 accretion increase 35 coherence 46 accrimination 938 accroach 789 accrue add 37 reside 154 acquire 775 fee received 785, 810 accrust 323 accubation 213 accueil 894 accultural 658 accumbent 213 accumulate collect 72 store 636 redundance 641 accurate 494 - knowledge 490 accurse 908 accursed disastrous 649 undone 828 vicious 945 accusation 938 accuse disapprove 932 charge 938 lawsuit 969 accustom /tafed 613 ace smad quantity 32 ■u?u£ 87 . cords 840 within an - 197 aceite 356 aceldama kill 361 arena 728 acephalous 59 acequiador 350 acerb 397 acerbate embitter 659 aggravate 835 acerbic 955 acerbity acrimony 395 rudeness 895 spZeen 900, 901 malevolence 907 acervate 72 acervatim 72, 102,641 acetic 397 - acid 397 acetous 397 achar 393 acharne 900 Achates, fidus - friend 890 faithful 939 ache physical 378 mental 828 Acheron pit of - 982 Acherontis pabulum 949 achievable 470 achieve end 67 produce 161 do 680 accomplish 729 achievement sign 551 feat 861 Achillean 664, 900 Achilles - absent 187 heel of - vulnerable 665 achromatism 429 acicular 253 acid 397 acidify 397 acierta errando 621, 701 aciform 253 acinaciform 253 acknowledge answer 462 assent 488 disclose 529 avow 535 consent 762 observe 772 pay 807 thank 916 repent 950 reward 973 - the corn 529 acknowledged custom 613 acme 210 - of perfection 650 acology 662 acolyte 996 acomia 846 a compte 805 aconite 663 acoustic 418 - organs 418 acoustics 402 a couvert 528, 664 acquaint - oneself with 539 - with 527 acquaintance knowledge 490 information 527 friend 890 make - with 888 acquest 780 acquiesce assent 488 willing 488 consent 762 tolerate 826 acquiescence 488, 772 acquire develop 161 get 775 receive 785 - a habit 613 - learning 539 acquirement knowledge 490 l\ arning 539 talent 698 receipt 810 acquisition knowledge 490 gain 775 acquit liberate 750 accounts 811 exempt 927a vindicate 937 innocent 946 absolve 970 353 ACQU ADAM ADHO ADMI acquit oneself behave 692 - of a debt 807 - of a duty 926 - of an obligation 772 acquittal 970 acquittance receipt 111 acreage 180 acres space 180 land 342 property 780 Acres, Bob coward 862 acrid pungent 392 unsavory 395 acrimony physical 171 discourtesy 895 hatred 898 anger 900 malevolence 907 acritude 395 acroama 490 acroamatic 490, 519 acrobat strength 159 actor 599 proficient 700 mountebank 844 acropolis 666 acrospire 167 across transverse 219 opposite 708 acrostic letter 561 wit 842 act imitate 19 physical 170 - o/ a pZay 599 personate 599 voluntary 680 statute 697 - a charity sometimes 906 - a part /eion 544 - one's part business 625 duty 926 - upon physical 170 mental 615 to/ce sieps 680 - up to 772 - well one's part 944 - without authority 738 in the - doing 680 guilt 947 acting deputy 759 actinic 420 actinometer 445 action physical 170 voluntary 680 battle 720 law 969 - is eloquence 680 -s speak louder than words 6S0 354 line of - 692 mix with - 170 put in - 677 suit the - to the word 550, 599 thick of the - 682 actionable 964 active physical 171 voluntary 682 - service 722 - thought 457 activity 682 actor impostor 548 player 599 agent 690 affectation 855 Acts record 551 Apostolic 985 actual existing 1 present 118 real 494 (identical 13) actuary 811 actuate 615 actum - aiunt ne agas 680 - est 729 - me invito factus 601 - ne agas 645 acuity 253 aculeated 253 acumen 498 acuminated 253 acupuncture 260 acute energetic 171 physically violent 173 pointed 253 physically sensible 375 musical tone 410 perspicacious 498 cunning 702 strong feeling 821 morally painful 830 - angle 244 - ear 418 - note 410 acutely 31 acuteness 465 acu tetigisti, rem discrimination 465 exactness 494 ad - astra per aspera 704 - calendas Graecas 106 - captandum 855 - eundem 27 - hominem 79 - infinitum 105 - instar 82 - interim 106 - rem 23 A. D. 106 adactylism 848 adaga 727 adage 496 adagio music 415 slow 275 Adam sin 945 adamant strong 159 hard 323 Adam's needle 253 adapt agree 23 equalize 27 - oneself to conform 82 adaptable useful 644 add increase 35 join 37 numerically 85 addendum 39 adde parvum parvo 37, 817, 636 adder 913 addict habit 613 adding machine 85 additament 39 addition adjunction 37 thing added 39 arithmetical 85 addle barren 169 incomplete 730 abortive 732 - the wits bewilder 475 craze 503 addle-head 501 addle-headed 499 address residence 189 direction 550 speak to 586 skill 698 request 765 addressee 188 addresses courtship 902 adduce bring to 288 evidence 467 adeem 789 adelig und edel 875 adelomorphous 83 Adel sitzt im Ge- muthe 875 ademption 789 adenology 329 adeo in teneris 537, 613 adept 700 adequate power 157 siijficient 639 for a purpose 644 adespotic 738 adhere stick 46 -to persevere 604a habit 613 - to a duty 926 - to an obligation 772 adherent follower 711 adhesive sticking 46 sticky 352 adhibenda est in jo- cando moderatio 842 adhibit 677 adhortation 695 adiaphanous 426 adiathermancy 382 adieu departure 293 loss 776 adipocere 356 adipose 355 adit orifice 260 conduit 350 passage 627 adjacent 197 adjection 37 adjective 39 - jerker 593 adjoin near 197 contact 199 adjourn 133 adjudge 480 adjudicate 480 adjunct thing added 39 accompaniment 88 aid 707 auxiliary 711 adjuration affirmation 535 negation 536 adjure request 765 promise 768 adjust adapt 23 equalize 27 regulate 58 prepare 673 settle 723 - differences 774 adjustment 762, 774 adjutage opening 260 pipe 350 adjutant auxiliary 711 military 745 adjuvant helping 707 auxiliary 711 admeasurement 466 administer conduct 693 exercise authority737 distribute 786 - correction 972 - oath 768 - sacrament 998 - to aid 707 give 784 administration of justice 965 administrative official 737 judicial 965 admirable excellent 648 virtuous 944 admiral 745 Admiralty, court of -966 admirari, nil - 871 admiration wonder 870 love 897 respect 928 approval 931 admired disorder 59 ADMI ADVE iEGI AFFE admirer 897 admissible relevant 23 receivable 296 tolerable 651 - in society 852 admit composition 54 include 76 let in 296 assent 488 acknowledge 529 permit 760 concede 762 accept 785 - exceptions 469 - of 470 admitted customary 613 - maxim, &c. 496 admixture 41 admonish warn 668 advise 695 reprove 932 admonitory 616 ado activity 682 exertion 686 difficulty 704 make much - about important 642 much - about nothing overestimate 482 unimportant 643 unskillful 699 adobe 635 adolescence 131 Adonis 845 adonize 847 adopt naturalize 184 choose 609 appropriate 788 - a cause aid 707 - a course 692 - an opinion 484 adoption religious 987 adore £cwe 897 worship 990 adorer le veau d'or 991 adorn 847 adown 207 adrift unrelated 10 disjoined 44 dispersed 73 uncertain 475 unapt 699 go - deviate 279 turn - disperse 73 liberate 750 dismiss 756 adroit 698 adscititious extrinsic 6 added 37 redundant 641 adscriptus glebae 746 adulation 933 adulator 935 Adullam, cave of - desertion 624 discontent 832 adult 131 adulterate mix 41 deteriorate 659 adulterated s/iam 545 adulterer 962 adultery 961 adultism 131 adumbrate darkness 421 allegorize 521 represent 554 adumbration semblance 21 allusion 526 aduncated 245 aduncity 244 adust 340, 384 adustion 384 advance increase 35 course 109 -progress 282 assert 535 improve 658 aid 707 succeed, 731 Zend 787 - against 716 - guard 234 - of learning &c. 490 in - precedence 62 /ron< 234 precession 280 in - of superior 33 in - of one's age 498 advanced 282 - in life 128 - work 717 advances, make - offer 763 social 892 advancing color 436 advantage superiority 33 good 618 expedience 646 - over success 731 dressed to - 847 find one's - in 644 gain an - 775 mechanical - 633 set off to - 658 take - of use 677 make the most of 698 advantageous beneficial 648 profitable 775 advene 37 advent futurity 121 event 151 approach 286 arrival 292 Advent 998 Adventist 984 adventitious extrinsic 6 casual 156 adventure event 151 chance 156 pursuit 622 danger 665 d doer 913 anarchy disorder 59 social 738 anastatic printing 558 anastomosis junction 43 crossing 219 anastrophe 218 anathema 908 anathematize 908 censure 932 rfefrac* 934 anatomize dissect 44 investigate 461 anatomy dissection 44 leanness 203 tenure 329 anatomy science 357 comparative - 368 anatriptic 331 ancestral bygone 122 oW 124 aoed 128 ancestry 69, 166 anchor connection 45 stop 265 safeguard 666 /iope 858 at - fixed 150 stationed 184 safe 664 cast - seide 184 arrive 292 sheet - means 632 anchorage location 184 roadstead 189 refuge 666 anchored ^xed 150 anchorite recluse 893 ascetic 955 ancien regime 875 ancient oM 124 7faa 550 - times 122 ancillary 707 ancle [see ankle] ancon 342 ancora imparo 539 and addition 37 accompaniment 88 andante 415 andiron 386 androgynous 83 anecdote 594 anele 998 anemography 349 ai>tfj.d>\ia fH&feiv 497 anemometer u«nd 349 measure 466 anemone 845 anemoscope 349 anent 9 avripidnov y£\acrfj.a, 348 aneroid 338 anew again 104 newly 123 anfractuosity 248 angel object of love 897 backer 711 #00(2 person 948 supernatural being 977 fallen - 6ad ?rcan 949 dmZ 978 guardian - safety 664 auxiliary 711 benefactor 912 angelic 944 angels and ministers of grace defend us! 860 angelus 550 anger 900 more in sorrow than - patient 826 forgive 918 angina pectoris 655 angiology 329 angle 244 point of view 448 try 463 at an - 217 angle rafter 215 Anglican sectarian 984 ecclesiastical 995 Anglicanism 984 Anglice 563 Anglicism 563 angling 622 anguille au genou, rompre 1' - impotent 158 impossible 471 anguilliform filament 205 serpentine 248 anguish physical 378 moral 828 anguis in herba 667 angular 244 - velocity 264 angularity 244 angusta domi, res - S04 angustation 203 anhedonia 828, 837 anhelation 688 anhydrous 340 aniline dyes 437 anility age 128 imbecility 499 animadvert consider 451 attend to 457 reprehend 932 animal 366 - cries 412 - economy 359 - gratification 377 - life 364 - physiology 368 - spirits 836 female - 374 animalcule minute 193 animal 366 animalism sensuality 954 animality 364 animalization 364 animastic 450 animate induce 615 excite 824 enliven 836 animation life 359 animality 364 activity 682 vivacity 836 suspended - 823 animative 359 animo, ex - 602 quo - 620 animosity dislike 867 enmity 889 hatred 898 anger 900 animus willingness 602 intention 620 desire 865 ankle 244 - deep deep 208 shallow 209 anklet 847 ankus 615 ankylosis 150 annalist chronologist 114 recorder 553 annals chronology 114 record 551 account 594 annatto 434 anneal 673 annex add 37, 39 join 43 annexationist 43 annexe 39 annihilate extinguish 2 destroy 162 anniversary 138, 883 anno 106 annotation explanation 522 note 550 annotator 524 ANNO ANTI ANXI APOL annotto 434 announce predict 511 inform 527 publish 531 assert 535 annoy molest 649, 907 disquiet 830 annoyance 828 source of - 830 annual periodic 138 plant 367 book 593 annuity 810 annul destroy 162 abolish 756 annular 247 annulet 247 annunciate inform 527 (publish 531) Annunciation, the - 990 annus magnus 108 anodyne lenitive 174 remedial 662 relief 834 anoint coat 223 anointed de% 976 king 745 anointment lubrication 332 oiZ 355 anomaly disorder 59 irregularity 83 anon 132 anonymous 565 anorexy 866 another different 15 repetition 104 - time 119 go upon - tack 607 tell - story 468 answer to an inquiry 462 confute 479 solution 522 succeed 731 pecuniary profit 775 pleadings 969 - for deputy 759 promise 768 <7o 6ai£ 806 - one's turn 644 - the helm 743 - the purpose 731 - to correspond 9 I'll - for it 535 require an - 461 answerable liable 177 bail S06 duty 926 censurable 392 ant 690 Antaeus strength 159 size 192 antagonism difference 14 physical 179 voluntary 708 antagonist 710 antagonistic 24 antaphrodisiac 866 antarctic 237 ante 621 expend 809 - up 809 antecedence in order 62 in lime 116 antecedent 64 antechamber 191 ante Christum 106 antedate 115 antediluvian 124 antelope 274 antemundane 124 antenna 379 antepast 510 anteposition 62 anterior in order 62 in time 116 in place 234 - to reason 477 anteroom 191 antevert 706 ante victoriam 864 anthelion 423 anthelmintic 662 anthem 990 anthemion 847 antherozoid 357 anthology collect i on 596 poem 597 anthrjxite 388 anthrax 655 anthropogeny 372 anthropoid 372 anthropology zoology 368 mankind 372 anthropomancy 511 anthropomorphism 984 anthropophagus 913 anthroposcopy 511 anthroposophy 372 antic 840 antichambre, faire - 133 antichristian heterodox 984 irreligious 989 antic hronism 115 anticipate anachronism 115 priority 116 future 121 early 132 expect 507 foresee 510 prepare 673 hope 858 anticlimax decrease 36 bathos 497, 853 anticlinal 217 anticyclone 265 antidote 662 antigropelos 225 antifebrile 662 antilogarithm 84 antilogy 477 antiluctic 662 antimacassar 223 antimony 663 Antinomian 984 antinomy 964 Antinous 845 antiorgastic 174 antiparallel 217 antipathy dislike 867 hate 898 antiphon music 415 answer 462 worship 990 antiphrasis 563 antipodes difference 14 distance 196 contraposition 237 antipoison 662 antiquary past times 122 scholar 492 historian 553 antiquas vias, stare super - habit 613 conservative 670 antiquated aged 128 (out of fashion 851) antique 124 antiquity 122 antiscriptural 984 antiseptic 662 antisocial 911 antispasmodic 174, 662 antispast 597 antistrophe 597 antithesis contrast 14 style 574, 577 antitype 22 antler 253 antonomasia metaphor 521 nomenclature 564 anvil support 215 on the - intended 620 in hand 625, 730 preparing 673 anxiety solicitude 459 pain 828 fear 860 desire 865 anxious - bench 1000 - expectation 507 - meeting 1000 - seat 1000 any some 25 part 51 no choice 609a at - price 604a at - rate certain 474 true 494 at all hazards 604 anybody 78 anyhow careless 460 in some way 627 anything one knows, for - 491 aorist indefinite time 109, 119 aorta 350 apace early 132 swift 274 apache assassin 361 Apache 913 aparejo 215 apart separate 44 singleness 87 set - 636 wide - 196 apartment 191 - house 189 -s to let imbecile 499 apathy 823 ape imitate 19 Apelles 559 apercu 596 aperient 652, 662 aperture 260 apex 210 aphelion 196 aphid 659 Aphis 659 aphony 581 aphorism 496 aphrodisia 173 Aphrodite 845 apiarist 370 apiary 370 Apicius 957 apiculate 253 apiece 79 apish 19, 499 apishamore 223 aplanatic 429 a plomb 212 aplomb stability 150 self-possession 498 resolution 604 Apocalypse 985 Apocrypha 985 apocryphal uncertain 475 erroneous 495 In terodox 984 apodeictic 478 apodeixis 478 apograph 21 apolaustic 377 361 APOL APPL APRO ARAD Apollo sun 318 music 416 luminary 423 beauty 845 magnus - sage 500 ml riser 605 Apollyon 078 apologue metaphor 521 teaching 537 description 504 apology excuse 617 vindication 037 penitence 050 atonement 052 apophthegm 406 apophysis 250 apoplexy 158 apostasy recantation 607 dishonor 040 heterodoxy 084 apostate convert 144 turncoat 607 {recreant 041) apostle teacher 540 disciple 541 inspired 085 -'s creed 083a apostolic 085 - church 083a - see 005 apostrophe address 586 soliloquy 580 appeal 765 apothecary 662 -'s weight 310 apothegm 406 apotheosis resuscitation 163 heaven 081 Aero worship 001 apozem liquefy 335 /use 384 appal 7)am 830 /em/// 860 appanage property 780 o(f* 784 apparatus 633 - belli 727 apparel 225 apparent visible 446 appearing 448 probable 472 manifest 525 heir - 770 apparition fallicy of vision 443 spir/7 080 {appearance 448) apparitor 534 appeach 038 appeal address 586 request 765 - from Philip 362 drunk to Philip sober 658 - motion 060 - to ca/7 /o witness 467 - to arms 722 - to for {claim) 024 court of - 066 appear co//ie in s/'o/iZ 446 s/iow i/sei/ 525 (come i/i/o being 1) - for 750 - in print 501 appearance 448 make one's - arrive 202 to all - to the eye 448 probable 472 appearances keep up - 852 appease 174 appellant claimant 024 accuser 038 appellate 066 appellation 564 append add 37 sequence 63 hang 214 appendage 30, 88 appendicitis 655 appendix 65 appertain related to component 56 belong 777 property 780 appetence 865 appetite 865 hungry edge of - 208 tickle the - savory 304 appetitus rationi obediant 053 appetizer 303, 304 appetizing 865 exciting 824 applaud 031 apple 208 - brandy 050 - butter 306 - jack 050 - of discord 713 - off another tree 15 - of one's eye good 648 love 807 favorite 800 - slump 208 golden - allurement 615 how we -s swim! 880 apple green 435 apple-pie order 58 appliance use 677 -s means 632 machinery 633 applicable relevant 0, 23 useful 644 expedient 646 applicant 767 application study 457 metaphor 521 use 677 request 765 apply appropriate 788 - a match 384 - the match to a train 66 - the mind 457 - a remedy 662 appoggiato 413 appoggiatura 413 appointment order 741 charge 755 assignment 786 interview 802 appointments gear 633 apportion arrange 60 disperse 73 allot 786 {portion 51) apportionment 786 apposition relevancy 23 closeness 100 paraphrase 522 appraise estimate 466 value 812 appreciate realize 450, 451 measure 466 jndoe 480 know 400 taste 850 approve 031 apprehend believe 484 &rto/tf 400 /ear- 860 seise 060 apprehension idea 453 taking 780 apprentice 541 - oneself 676 apprenticeship learning 530 training 673 appris ils n'ont rien - 606 apprize 527 apprized of 400 approach of time 121 impend 152 nearness 107 move 286 pa/ft 627 approbation 931 appropinquation 286 a prop OS relative ap/23 occasion 134 {expedient 646) - de bottes 10 appropriate fit 23 peculiar 70 assign 786 borrow 788 ta&e 780 s/eaZ" 701 {expedient 646) approval assen/ 488 commend 031 approximate related to resemble 17 in mathematics 85 nearness 107 approach 286 appulse meeting 109 collision 276 approach 286 convergence 200 appurtenance adjunct 88 component 56 belonging 780 (par/ 51) appurtenant relating apres nous le deluge 043 apricot co/or 430 April - fool dnpe 547 laughingstock 857 - showers 140 make an - fool of 545 apron clothing 225 defense 717 canonicals 000 apropos [see a propos] aprotype 501 apse 1000 apt consonant 23 tendency 176, 177 docile 530 willing 602 cZeuer 608 {intelligent 408) (expedient 646) aqua 337 - fortis 384 - regia 384 aquamarine 435 aquarium 370 Aquarius rain 348 aquatic water 337 aquatics 267 aquatinta 558 aqueduct 350 aqueous 337 aquila non capit muscas 473 aquiline 244 A. R. 106 Arab wanderer 268 Aorse 271 araba 272 arabesque 847 Arabian - nights 515 - perfumes 400 arable 371 arado 780 ARBE AREO ARIS ARMS Arbeit schwere - in der Ju- gend 682 arbiter critic 480 director 694 adviser 695 judge 967 - bibendi 840 - elegantiarum revels 840 taste 850 fashion 852 arbitrament judgment 480 (choice 609) - of the sword 722 arbitrary without relation 10 irregular 83 willful 606 capricious 608 authoritative 737 severe 739 insolent 885 lawless 964 - power 739 arbitrate adjudicate 480 mediate 724 arbitration court of - 966 submit to - 774 arbitrium, ad - 600 arbor abode 189 summerhouse 191 support 215 rotation 312 plaisance 840 - vitae 242 Arbor Day 840 arborescent ramifying 242 rough 256 frees 367 arboriculture 371 arborif orm 242 arc 245 arcade s/reei 189 cur ye 245 gateway 260 Arcades ambo alike 17 friends 890 bad men 949 Arcadia pleasure 827 paradise 981 Arcadian art/ess 703 innocent 946 arcanum 533 arch oreai 31 support 215 c?/rue 245 convex 250 concave 252 cZewer 498 cunning 702 this gorgeous - 126 triumphal - frop/iu 733 celebration 883 archaeologist antiquary 122 scholar 492 archaeology 122 archaic oW 124 archaism pas£ iimes 122 obsolete phrase 563 archangel 977 archbishop 996 archbishopric 995 archdeacon 996 archduchy 181 archduke 745 archdukedom 180 archebiosis 161 arched roof 245 archegenesis 161, 357 archenemy, the - 978 archer 726, 840 archery 840 Arches, court of - tribunal 966 churchdom 995 archetype 22, 453 Archeus 359 archfiend 978 archiater 695 archiepiscopal 995 archipelago 346 architect constructor 164 agent 690 architectonic 161 architecture arrangement 60 construction 161 fabric 329 ornament 847 architrave 210 archive 551 archlute 417 archon rider 745 deputy 759 judge 967 archtraitor 941 arclike 245 arctic northern 237 cold 383 arctics 225 arcuation 245 ardent fiery 382 feeling 821 loving 897 - expectation 507 - imagination 515 ardet, proximus - 665, 667 ardor activity 682 feeling 821 desire 865 arduous 704 area 181, 182 arefaction 340 arena space 180 region 181 field of view 441 field of battle 728 arenaceous 330 areola 247 areolar 219 areometer 321 Areopagus 966 ares 180 arescent 340 arete 253 aretology 926 Argand lamp 423 argent 430 - comptant 800 argil 324 argillaceous 324 argol 653 argosy 273 argot 563 argue evidence 467 reason 476 indicate 550 argufy 476 argument topic 454 discussion 476 meaning 516 have the best of an - 478 argumentum - ad crumenam 800 - ad hominem reasoning 476 accuse 938 - ad verecundiam 939 - baculinum compel 744 lawless 964 punish 972 Argus-eyed sight 441 vigilant 459 argute 498 aria 415 Arianism 984 arid unproductive 169 dry 340 uninteresting 841 Ariel courier 268 swift 274 messenger 534 spirit 979 arietation 276 arietta 415 aright well 618 (skillful 698) ariolation 511 ariose 413 arise exist 1 begin 66 happen 151 mount 305 appear 446 - from 154 aris et focis, pro - defense 717 philanthropy 910 Aristarchus 850 aristate 253 Aristides good man 948 aristocracy power 737 nobility 875 &pi<7Toi> fnirpov 628 Aristotelian 476 arithmancy 511 arithmetic 85 ark abode 189 asylum 666 boat 273 arm part 51 power 157 instrument 633 provide 637 prepare 673 war 722 weapon 727 - chair 215 - in arm together 88 friends 888 sociable 892 - of the law 963 - of the sea 343 make a long - 200 armada 726 Armageddon 720 armament preparation 673 arms 727 armed defence 717 - at all points 673 - force 726 armet 717 armful 25 armiger 875 armigerent 726 armigerous 722 armillary sphere 466 armistice 723 armless 158 armlet ring 247 gulf 343 armorial 550 armory 636, 691 armor defense 717 arms 121 - plated 223 buckle on one's - 673 arm's length at - 196 keep at - repel 289 defense 111 enmity 889 seclusion 893 discourtesy 895 arms 727 [see arm] heraldry 550 war 722 honors 877 clash of - 720 deeds of - 720 in - infant 129 throw oneself into the - of refuge 666 friendship 888 under - 722 up in - active 682 discord 713 resistance 719 resentment 900 enmity 889 363 ARMS ARTI ASBE ASIN with folded - 681 Armstrong gun 727 army collection 72 multitude 102 troops 726 - list Sti arnica 662 aroma 400 around 227 lie - 220 arouse move 615 excite 824 - oneself 682 aroynt begone 297 malediction 90S arpent ISO, 200 ' arquebus 727 arquebusade 662 arraign accuse 938 indict 969 arrange set in order 60 plan 626 compromise 774 (prepare 673) - with creditors 807 - itself 58 arrange - matters pacify 723 - in a series 69 - music 416 - under 76 arrangement 60 [see arrange] order 58 temporary - 111 arrant identical 31 manifest 525 notorious 531 bad 649 disreputable 874 base 940 arras 847 arrastra 330 array order 58 series 69 assemblage 72 multitude 102 dress 225 prepare 673 adorn 847 ostentation 882 battle - 722 arrear, in - incomplete 53 nonpayment 808 arrears de6£ 806 arrectis auribus hear 418 expect 507 arrest stop 142 restrain 751 in fan; 969 - the attention 457 arriere pensee afterthought 65 mental reservation 528 motive 615 se< purpose 620 arriero 694 364 arrish 168 arrival 292 arrive happen 151 reac/i 292 complete 729 (sto/; 142) - at a conclusion 480 - at an understanding 488 - at the truth 480a arroba 319 arrogant severe 739 proud 878 insolent 885 arrogate assume 885 claim 924 - to oneself undue 925 arrondissement 181 arrosion 331 arrow swift 274 missile 284 arms 727 swifter than - 274 arrowhead form 253 writing 590 arroyo 350 ars celare artem 698 arsenal store 636 (arms 727) arsenic 663 arsenious oxide 663 arson 384 art representation 554 business 625 skill 698 cunning 702 (deception 545) - school 542 fine - 850 1'- de vaincre 731 perfection of - 650 work of - beauty 845 ornament 847 artery conduit 350 path 627 artes, hae tibi erunt -627 artes honorabit 698 artesian well 343 artful deceitful 544 cunning 702 - dodge 545, 702 artichoke 298 article thing 3 part 51 matter 316 chapter 593 review 595 floor/s 798 articled clerk 541 articles - of agreement 770 - of faith belief 484 theology 983 thirty-nine - 983a articulation junction 43 speech 580 articulo, in - transient 111 dying 360 artifice /;/«n 626 cunning 702 (deception 545) artificer 690 artificial fictitious 545 cunning 702 affected 855 - language 579 artillery explosion 404 arms 727 - of words 562 artilleryman 726 artisan 690 artist painter &c. 559 contriver 626 aoen< 690 artiste m usic 416 drama 599 artistic sfc##uJ 698 beautiful 845 tasie 850 - language 578 Artium - Baccalaur- eus 492 - M agister 492 artlessness natural 703 (veracious 543) aruspex 513 aruspicy 511 arundo, haeret later i lethalis - 828 as motive 615 - broad as long 27 - can be 52 - good as 27 - if similar 17 suppose 514 - it may be circumstance 8 event 151 chance 156 - it were similar 17 metaphor 521 - little as may be 32 - much again 90 - soon as 120 - the world wags 151 - they say proverb 496 news 532 - things are 7 - things go event 151 habit 613 -to 9 - usual 82 - you were 283 - well as 37 asbestos flexible - 385 ascend be great 31 increase 35 rise 305 improve 658 ascendancy power 157 influence 175 success 731 ascendant in the - influence 175 important 642 success 731 authority 737 repute 873 lord of the - 745 one's star in the - prosperity 734 ascension [see ascend] calef action 384 Ascension Day 998 ascent [see ascend] gradient 217 rise 305 glory 873 ascertain^ 150 determine 480 ascertained certain 474 known 490 ascertainment 480a asceticism 955 ascititious intrinsic 6 additional 37 supplementary 52 ascribe 155 a se 10 ash 384 - colored 432 ashamed 879 ash cake 298 ashen 429 ashes corpse 362 dirt 653 lay in - 162 pale as - colorless 429 fear 860 rise from one's - 660 ashore 342 go - arrive 292 Ash Wednesday 138 ashy 429 Asian mystery 533 aside laterally 236 whisper 405 private 528 - from the purpose 10 say - 589 set &c. - displace 185 neglect 460 negative 536 reject 610 disuse 678 abrogate 756 discard 782 step - 279 asinine ass 271 ASIN ASSO ASTI ATLA fool 499 asinus ad lyram 24 ask inquire 461 request 765 for sale 794 price 812 (invoke 990) - leave 760 askance 217 eye - fear 860 look - vision 441, 443 dissent 489 dislike 867 disapproval 932 asked in church 903 askew oblique 217 distorted 243 aslant 217 asleep 683 aslope 217 Asmodeus 980 asomatous 317 asp animal 366 ei>i£ doer 913 Aspasia 962 aspect feature 5 state 7 situation 183 appearance 448 aspen leaf shake like an - motion 315 /ear 860 asperges 998 asperity roughness 256 discourtesy 895 anger 900 irascibility 901 asperse 934 aspersion nonassemblage 73 malediction 908 n7e 998 asphalt smooth 255 resin 356a asphodel 845 asphyxia 360 asphyxiate 361 aspirant candidate 767 desire 865 aspirate 402, 580 aspire rise 305 project 620 /tope 858 desire 865 worship 990 asportation 270 asquint 217 ass oeasZ of burden 271 /ooZ 501 - between two bun- dles of hay 605 - in lion's skin -'s bridge unintelligible 519 cheat 548 bungler 701 make an - of delude 545 assafoetida 401 assagai 727 assail attack 716 pain 830 assailant opponent 710 attacker 726 Assama 981 assassin, -ate 361 assault 716 fake by -789 assay 463 assemblage 72 assembly council 696 society 892 religious 997 assemblyman 696 assembly room 189 assent belief 484 agree 488 willing 602 consent 762 content 831 assert affirm 535 claim as a right 924 assess measure 466 determine 480 tax 812 assessor judge 967 assets property 780 money 800 accounts 811 asseverate 535 assiduous 682 assify 823 assign commission 755 transfer 783 ait>e 784 aZtaJ 786 - a duty 926 - as cause 155 - dower 784 - places 60 assignat 800 assignation Zn/sZ 892 place of - 74 assignee donee 785 assimilate uniform 16 resemble 17 imitate 19 agree 23 transmute 144 assimilation 161 assist 707 assistant 711 assister be present 186 assize measure 466 tribunal 966 justice of - 967 associate mix 41 tmi