The Image of War 
 
 Service on the Chin Hills 
 
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THE IMAGE OF WAR 
 
 OR 
 
 SERVICE ON THE CHIN HILLS. 
 
 BY 
 
 surgeon-Captain a. g. e. newland, 
 
 /.M.S., 2nd Burma Battalion. 
 With an INTRODUCTORY HISTORICAL NOTE by 
 
 J. D. MACNABB, Esq., Political Officer, S. Chin Hills. 
 
 M 
 
 W&Lm 
 
 /LLUSTRATED W/TH igi PHOTOGRAPHS BY THE AUTHOR. 
 
 CALCUTTA : 
 
 Thacker, Spink and Co 
 
 i 894 
 
"OS 4-g£ 
 
 C5-5N4 
 
 PRINTED BY 
 
 THE LONDON STEREOSCOPIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC COMPANY, LIMITED, 
 
 54, CHEAPSIDE, E.C., AND NEW SOUTHGATE, LONDON. 
 
 HENRY MORSE STEPHENS*' 
 
0£ 
 
 LIST OF FULL PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 8th Bengal Mountain Battery on the March 
 
 Mountain Stream in Chinland. 
 
 Government Steamer landing Troops at Kalewa ... 
 
 Minywa, on Chin Frontier, starting point of the Boungshay Expedition 
 
 Officers of the Tashon Expedition 
 
 Camp at Minywa and Myettha River 
 
 Expedition marching into the Hills ... * ... 
 
 Column crossing the Boinu River 
 
 Gurkha Coolie Camp : Mounting the Sanitary Guard 
 
 After the Day's Work 
 
 Waiting for inspiration ! Writing up the day's diary 
 
 Camp Toilet: getting ready for Dinner 
 
 Arrival of the Mail Bag in Camp 
 
 The 4th Madras Pioneers at work ... 
 
 In Camp : the Provost Marshal at Work ... 
 
 The Coolies' Camp Fire 
 
 A Halt : Gurhwallis and Coolies 
 
 How to climb a mountain 
 
 Getting Dhoolie up a stiff bit of mountain ... ... 
 
 Political Officer interviewing Chins ... ... ... ... 
 
 Descending a bad bit of mountain path : the Dawn Mountain... 
 
 Head Quarters Camp at Munlipi (Klung-Klung) ... ... 
 
 Meeting of the two Columns at Tao : sending off the news by Heliograph 
 
 We visit a Chin Chief: our reception 
 
 No. 2 Stockade at Foot of Chin Hills ... ... 
 
 The Wuntoo Chief's House (Klung-Klung). The largest and best house in the whole of the Chin Hills 
 The Political Officer obtaining information ... 
 
 Political Officer arranging about Coolies 
 
 Lao Var : a military post in the Klung-Klung Country ... 
 
 Falam 
 
 The occupation of Falam: the Column entering the Capital ... 
 
 Officers' quarters, Haka ... ... 
 
 Examining captured Arms 
 Officers bargaining with Chins 
 
 Fort White • 
 
 The C. O. and his Staff-Officer interviewing a Chin Chief, "Old Tetapata " 
 
 A consultation : Mr. Carey, Mr. Macnabb, Major Howlett, and Capt. Evatt... ... 
 
 Meeting of the Chiefs : the C. O.'s and the Political Officers of the Tashon and Nwengal Columns 
 arranging their plan of compaign 
 
 154 Smaller Illustrations inserted in the Text. 
 
 ... Frontispiece. 
 
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 510637 
 
Mountain Stream in Chinland. 
 
 Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta. 
 

 ' ->\n- 
 
^J^OTE ON THE 4{IST0RY OF THE gjHN 4{lL-L-S, 
 
 BY 
 
 J. D. MACNABB, Esq., B.S.C., Political Officer, Chin Hills. 
 
 The great mountain ranges of Thibet and Central Asia send down, west and 
 south of the supposed sources of the mighty Brahmaputra, a great offshoot or 
 spur which, bounded by 
 the plains of B< 
 and, farth 
 Bay of Ben- 
 west, and by 
 of the Chin- 
 the Irra- 
 the east, 
 ever- narrow- 
 the south, ^r) 
 Negrais, 
 out on 
 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE KLUNG KLUNG EXPEDITION. 
 
 the valley of Assam and 
 
 on the north-west, 
 
 south, by the 
 
 gal on the 
 
 the valleys 
 
 dwin and 
 
 f waddy on 
 
 stretches in 
 
 ing ranges to 
 
 until as Cape 
 
 its last peak, it looks 
 
 the Indian Ocean. 
 
 These mountains are inhabited by various tribes, which, known under many 
 different names, are alike at least in their barbarous instincts and raiding 
 proclivities. In Bengal since 1844, and in Chittagong and Lower Burma since 
 1847, they have been a constant source of trouble and anxiety. 
 
 The history of our dealings with these tribes is one long tale of forbearance 
 
Introduction. 
 
 on our part, and unprovoked aggression on theirs, marked at but too frequent 
 intervals by the murder of our most devoted frontier officers and the subsequent 
 punitive expeditions. The conversion of Upper Burma into a British province 
 changed our relations with these tribes, which thus had become surrounded by 
 British territory, and could therefore no longer be treated as mere frontier 
 tribes, with whom the less we had to do the better. The tribes in these hills 
 bordering on Burma are usually known as Chins, and those bordering on Bengal 
 and Assam as Lushais. The frequent raids committed on the plain villages by 
 
 LUSHAI FRONTIER POLICE. 
 
 these tribes called loudly for decisive action; and in 1888 matters were brought 
 to a climax by the murder of Lieut. Stewart by the Lushais whilst surveying. 
 
 A punitive column was sent out to avenge this outrage in the open season 
 of 1888-89, an d the same year a force from Burma, under command of General 
 Faunce, C.B., with Major Raikes, CLE., as Political Officer, was sent into the 
 country of the Siyin tribe, who, refusing to submit or surrender their Burmese 
 captives, had all their villages destroyed, and the post of Fort White was 
 established. 
 

 u: 1 
 
 f 2 H 
 
 3 
 
Introduction. 
 
 In the open season of 1889-90 another expedition was organised, which was 
 placed under command of Brigadier-General Symons, C.B., who was also given 
 chief political powers, with Mr. Ross, Assistant Commissioner, and Mr. Carey, 
 Assistant Commissioner, to assist him. This expedition, marching up from 
 Pakoko to Kan, entered the hills much further south than the expedition of 
 the preceding season, and, with but little resistance, occupied and established 
 a post at Haka, the chief village of the Haka tribe, and visited Falam and the 
 
 country round Haka. Another expedi 
 under the command of General Tre- 
 from Lungleh, and both parties 
 track, they met at Haka, and thus 
 through 
 cation 
 Burma and 
 these ex- 
 found the 
 worse ene- 
 Chins and 
 the troops suf- 
 fever. 
 
 tion from the Bengal side, 
 
 ear, C.B., advanced 
 
 making a mule 
 
 established 
 
 I communi- 
 
 ( between 
 
 I India. Both 
 
 I p e d i t i o n s 
 
 I malaria a 
 
 I my than the 
 
 Lushais, and 
 
 fered severely from 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE BOUNGSHAY EXPEDITION. 
 
 During the open season of 1890-91, no arrangements were made for any 
 expeditions on a large scale, but the murder of the Assistant Political Officer, 
 Mr. Wetherell, by the Thettas necessitated the punishment of this village ; 
 and the first party not proving strong enough, a column of 250 rifles and two 
 mountain guns, under Colonel Mainwaring, was sent up, via Gungaw, to Thetta, 
 meeting another party from Haka. These two parties, combining, made an 
 expedition into the Boungshay country to the south, going as far as Shurkwa. 
 Although the Boungshay Chins had made great preparations for resistance and 
 built numerous stockades, they lost heart at the last and offered but little 
 resistance to the troops. 
 
Introduction. 
 
 The season closed by a rising of the Klung Klung tribe, who attacked a 
 partv of troops accompanying the Political Officer on a peaceful errand to meet 
 the Political Officer of South Lushai at Tao, in April, but the Manipur disaster 
 tied our hands and prevented immediate punishment being inflicted on this tribe. 
 In the northern Chin Hills much had been done to bring the Kanhows under 
 control, and a new post had been established at Tiddim. 
 
 This season did not effect much improvement in our position in the hills, 
 except to make it evident that it was not sufficient to occupy isolated posts in 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE BURMA AND BENGAL COLUMNS AT TAO VILLAGE. 
 
 the hills to stop the raiding in the plains, but that it was incumbent on us to 
 bring all the Chin tribes under control. 
 
 To effect this in the open season of 1891-92 the following columns were 
 organized :— * 
 
 First — The Boungshay Column, commanded by Major Gunning, K.R.R., 
 and consisting of 250 rifles and two mountain guns, was directed to explore and 
 bring under our control the Boungshay tribes south of Haka. 
 
ft ° 
 < 3 
 
Introduction. 
 
 Second — The Klung Klung Column, of the same strength, and commanded 
 by Major Browne, D.S.O., 39th GharWal Rifles, was directed to punish the Klung 
 Klung tribe for their attack on our troops in April, 1890. 
 
 Third — The Tashon and the Nwengal Columns, consisting of 300 rifles and 
 two mountain guns each, and commanded respectively by Major Howlett, 2nd 
 Burma Battalion, and Captain Hugh Rose, were directed to occupy and establish 
 a post at Falam and bring the Tashon tribe and their tributaries under our control. 
 
 
 Fourth — The Kanhow 
 Captain Stevens, 4th 
 of 250 rifles 
 tain guns, ^ 
 re c ted 
 theKa- 
 a n d .',jf 
 north IfflL 
 them, >V(jft 
 open ™ 
 commu- • 
 with Mani- 
 
 All these 
 successful, and ac- 
 work without fighting. 
 
 
 SifiSfrSSsfeJ 
 
 Column, under command of 
 
 M.P., and consisting 
 
 and two moun- 
 
 £&k. was di- 
 
 j •~-:?5^9& 
 
 u p 
 nication 
 
 umns were 
 complished their 
 Towards the end of the 
 
 season, however, small officers and sekjeants of the king's royal outbreaks occurred at 
 
 RIFLES who took part in the expeditions. . . - 1 • i 
 
 Shurkwa and Botoung, both of which were 
 
 suppressed without trouble, the Chins suffering heavy loss at Shurkwa. Troubles 
 had, however, been gathering in Lushailand, and the end of the season saw a 
 general rising both in North and South Lushai, which was suppressed with some 
 difficulty, as strong reinforcements had to be sent to Forts Aijal and Lungleh, and 
 a column had to march across from Fort White to relieve the Superintendent of 
 South Lushai in the face of great difficulties, upon which the rising collapsed. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Such is an outline of the history of the Chin-Lushai Hills. It is a land that 
 
 produces nothing but the savages who inhabit it. A 
 
 thorn in the sides of all who have 
 
 to do with it, it has no future, 
 
 and appears capable of no 
 
 development. I have never 
 
 met an officer who has been 
 
 in them whose dearest wish 
 
 W^ it has not been to get out 
 
 of them ! 
 
 For troops it is a most 
 trying country to campaign 
 in. Approached through 
 malarious valleys and terai 
 which decimate the troops with sickness before they reach the inhabited heights, 
 
 TOUNGTHAS WOMEN O." 
 
 "HE CHIN FRONTIER. 
 
 >• 
 
 r .-*u*V(i.\/>i5^ *« , 
 
 OLD FALAM : WHERE PERMANENT TOST WAS BUILT. 
 
 they are then rewarded by constant inarching over a succession of razor-backed 
 

 B ! 
 
Introduction, 
 
 mountains and over paths so bad that sometimes it is only with infinite difficulty 
 that five miles a day are accomplished. 
 
 Except it be to rush a stockade, 
 seen, and fighting consists of march- 
 precipitous path in Indian file 
 picked off by 
 enemy. What 
 immediate 
 Chin Hills it 
 to foretell, 
 hoped that 
 will in due I 
 down into 
 law - abiding 
 Her Majesty the Queen-Empress. 
 
 TROOPS MARCHING UP THE FRONTIER. 
 
 no enemies are ever 
 ing along a 
 and being 
 an invisible 
 may be the 
 future of the 
 is impossible 
 but it is to be 
 the Chins 
 time settle 
 peaceful and 
 subjects of 
 
 J. D. M. 
 
 Haka, Chin Hills, June, i8q2. 
 

 ',■ 
 
 ^y 
 
 H 5 
 
 :*.* 
 
 %_ ** 
 
 
 3 -2 
 
 I H 
 
THE IMAGE OF WAR; 
 
 OR, 
 
 SERVICE ON THE CHIN HILLS. 
 
 
 A CAMP IN THE HILLS — KLUNG-KLUNG COUNTRY. 
 
 E WILL not weary the reader by detailed descriptions of the 
 expeditions. To give a minute account of the various expeditions 
 into these hills would not only be foreign to our purpose, but 
 would be monotonous and uninteresting. Our object is not to 
 weary the reader, but rather to entertain him by the few rambling 
 
 notes we shall jot down, which will, we hope, help him to understand the pictures 
 
 and to gather an idea of what service on these hills is like. 
 
IO 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 Oup Experiences are Common. 
 
 Mr. Macnabb has 
 various expeditions 
 and the work they 
 ed. The streams 
 through, the 
 ed, the khuds 
 down, the food 
 sickness that 
 the odorous 
 everywhere, the 
 drenching rain ; 
 sweltering heat in 
 clothed valleys; all these 
 
 told us briefly of the 
 into these hills, 
 have accomplish- 
 w e waded 
 hills we climb- 
 w e slipped 
 we ate, the 
 laid us low, 
 Chins we met 
 freezing cold, the 
 afterwards the 
 the deep jungle- 
 varied scenes of camp- 
 
 TROOPS CROSSING A RIVER ON THE FRONTIER. 
 
 SHELLING A HOSTILE VILLAGE — "LOADING. 
 
 life, though wanting in the excitements of actual warfare 
 but with all its discomforts, were 
 common experiences of all 
 the expeditions. The ex- 
 perience of one is, therefore, 
 the experience of all. " But," 
 in the slightly altered words 
 of a well-known writer, " let 
 it not be imagined for a mo- 
 ment that these inhospitable 
 hills or the hard life had 
 in the least suppressed the 
 spirit of making the best of 
 things, which is common to 
 
 the Anglo-Saxon blood wherever found." 
 
z 5 
 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 ii 
 
 Oup TfanspoPt. 
 
 Owing to the moun 
 try, the transport o 
 mainly of Indian 
 mented, as occa- 
 by Chins. The 
 can be obtained, 
 beast of burden, 
 home in these hills, 
 of running up the 
 pounds or more slung on 
 their own food, thus 
 sariat no trouble on that score 
 
 SHELLING A HOSTILE VILLAGE — " FIRE ! : 
 
 tainous nature of the coun- 
 the columns consisted 
 hill coolies, supple- 
 sion required, 
 Chin, when he 
 is an excellent 
 He is quite at 
 and thinks nothing: 
 ^^ steepest with eighty 
 his back. They also carry 
 giving the commis- 
 
 In some of the expeditions, where mule-tracks had been previously made, 
 mule transport to a limited ex- 
 tent was employed in addition 
 to the coolies. These coolie 
 corps were enlisted in 
 Darjeeling, and brought 
 across specially for these 
 operations. Each corps 
 was in charge of a British 
 officer. A surgeon was also 
 attached to each. 
 
 i-:» "■'■ 
 
 
 
 SHELLING A HOSTILE VILLAGE — "JAMMED.' 
 
 R Chat about the Coolies. 
 These Gurkha and Bhcetia coolies were a cheery lot of little fellows. At first, 
 coming through the terai, many were knocked over by illness, and about a hundred 
 
12 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 CHIN COOLIES : RESTING AND FEEDING ON THE MARCH. 
 
 were more or less hors de combat. But those who kept their health worked very 
 
 well indeed, and, once we were well in the hills, the sickness among them greatly 
 
 diminished. They were nailers at ferreting 
 
 or pigs in deserted villages. They ah 
 
 discovered the yam and sweet potato 
 
 fields sooner than anyone else, with 
 
 the exception of the Chin friendlies, 
 
 whom they ran very close. On the 
 
 march, too, they were always dis- 
 covering edible roots of all kinds, 
 
 which they dug up and munched as 
 
 they went along. On arrival in camp, 
 
 they deposited their loads, and then 
 
 there was a rush to the site told off for them to secure the best spots. Then 
 
 they raced off to the jungle, and with their handy kukries they cut down trees 
 
 and branches, and in a very short time they had built themselves "lean-tos" 
 
 and had commenced their culinary operations. They always 
 
 appeared to be in the best of spirits. They 
 seemed to look down upon the Chin, and thought 
 
 I he had no right in the 
 *©kly country at all. When 
 | they first came into these 
 1 hills, they were provided 
 ] by Government with a 
 I complete outfit, from 
 | boots to great-coats. On 
 | the first few marches you 
 * saw them lost in a heap of 
 clothing and struggling 
 
 along in loose ill-fitting boots. But gradually the things disappeared one by one. 
 
 The boots were the first to go ; and by the end of the operations they did not 
 
 turn out in a superabundance of clothing. 
 
 ■■1 ■ 
 
 GURKHA COOLIES : HOW THEY CARRY THEIR LOADS. 
 
o * 
 
 5; a 
 
 s s 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 13 
 
 In camp they were very handy too. They brought in fire-wood or built us 
 shelters or helped in constructing defences. Many of the Bhoetias attached 
 themselves as cooks to the soldiers' messes on the chance of picking up scraps. 
 They helped in slaughtering mythun and goats also on the 
 
 chance of getting the remains. It was 
 a curious sight to watch the long line 
 of pigmies tramping up a hill with 
 their loads. From time 
 to time they halted in 
 groups, resting their loads 
 on sticks, or on conven- 
 ient banks or rocks, to 
 ease their backs ; and 
 every time they did this, 
 each man emitted a long 
 shrill whistle of relief, by which you could tell in the densest forest when the 
 coolies were in the neighbourhood. 
 
 GURKHA COOI.IE CAMP : TELLING OFF COOLIES 
 FOR DAY'S WORK. 
 
 At first there was considerable difficulty in 
 your coolie or your kit in camp. But subsequent- 
 when they got to know the various sahibs 
 and their regiments, and fell into the 
 daily routine, there was no more 
 trouble in this respect. Some- 
 times, however, your coolie 
 went sick on the march, and, 
 perhaps, a relief had to be sent 
 back from camp. This would 
 delay your kit, and on one or 
 two occasions some of us were 
 kept without our bedding in 
 this way till nearly midnight. There were always a number of spare coolies with 
 
 GURKHA COOLIE CAMP : MEDICINE TIME. 
 
14 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 the rear-guard to bring on the loads of men, who, from sickness or other causes, 
 were unable to do so themselves. However, we had nothing to complain of on 
 this head as, after the first few marches, our kits were usually first into camp. 
 
 They had a certain amount of esprit de corps, too, in a 
 small way, and when a comrade went sick on the march 
 and could not get along, though they did not appeal 
 to his patriotic feelings to induce him to make one final 
 effort to reach camp — like the soldier who, to encourage 
 his sick and weary comrade who had lain down on the 
 road-side and refused to march any farther, entreated 
 him to " make a heffort, Bill ! Old England knows 
 what you're a-doin' of!" — yet they did their best to 
 help the man along, often carrying him and his load 
 too, in addition to their own, when no spare coolies were available, so that there 
 might be no complaints against their corps. 
 
 Oup Servants make us Senear I 
 
 COOLIES CARRYING BAGGAGE OF 
 COLUMN ACROSS A RIVER. 
 
 Our servants, as a rule 
 Although they had no 
 carry up the hills, yet 
 to arrive in camp the 
 they came, there 
 cup of hot tea or 
 sion erected. It 
 violent language, but 
 
 R ehat about our 
 
 No tents were 
 the columns, except 
 were they necessary, 
 ence the men soon 
 
 ON THE MARCH : COOLIES RESTING. 
 
 gave us the most trouble, 
 thing but themselves to 
 they usually managed 
 last of all ! And till 
 was no getting a 
 having your man- 
 often made us use 
 who could blame us ? 
 
 tents and things. 
 
 taken with any of 
 for the hospital ; nor 
 After a little experi- 
 learned to run up very 
 
 snug shelters of leaves covered with their waterproof sheets. Immediately on 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 15 
 
 arrival in camp the men set to work, and within an hour everyone was comfortably 
 settled down in his own shelter. 
 
 In work of this kind, and in clearing the jungle, &c, the men armed with 
 
 ktikries had a great pull over 
 were not so armed, 
 vested in these knives, 
 prices from the 
 Every officer too 
 self with one. It 
 cellent thing if, 
 description, all 
 and Native, were 
 kukries. 
 
 their comrades in arms who 
 ^ Many of the ?nen in- 
 JBl buying them at high 
 Gurkha coolies, 
 had provided him- 
 would be an ex- 
 on service of this 
 troops, British 
 furnished with 
 
 OFFICERS GIVING A HELPING HAND. 
 
 Most of the officers had brought out miniature tents of many varieties. They 
 were just high enough to crawl under, and they kept off the dew at night. They 
 were very light, and came within the total of 40 lbs. of bag- 
 
 gage allowed to 
 had no tents 
 waterproof 
 pole and slept 
 and a water- 
 decent size 
 excellent tent, 
 the dew and 
 is all that is 
 work of this 
 
 ARRIVAL OF COOLIES IN CAMI' WITH RATIONS. 
 
 officer. Those who 
 stretched their 
 sheets over a 
 under them — 
 proof sheet of 
 makes a very 
 It keeps off 
 rain, and that 
 necessary in 
 kind. 
 
 Out* tents sometimes give trouble. 
 Sometimes, however, a strong breeze would spring up at night and our 
 miniature tents, if not securely pegged down, would topple over, and the 
 muffled volley of language that escaped from below the folds of cloth was " quite 
 
i6 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 
 
 GARHWALLIS BUILDING SHELTERS. 
 
 frightful to Jiear," as Truthful James would have remarked. Then crawling out 
 into the cold, dark, shivery night, the irate ones would have to re-erect their fallen 
 tents as best they might. For, as usually happens, to lay your hands on your 
 match-box when you wanted it, would be about 
 thing to occur ; and, when you did find it, to ^ 
 
 a light in a gale of wind would be 
 possible ; and to find your ser- Ja 
 vant in the dark would be £>: 
 equally hopeless — though you ;§ 
 wished much to give him a 
 rude awakening for his care- 
 lessness in not securing your 
 tent firmly. If you attempted to 
 go in search of him you would 
 either upset someone's tent or shelter, or fall over the khiid yourself, which 
 would be far worse ; and you cannot shout lest you rouse and alarm the whole 
 camp ; and so, fumbling j^^ in the dark and with much vexation 
 
 of spirit, you at last succeed in re-erecting your 
 
 abode, into which ^~*~^a*^ you once again crawl and 
 
 turn into your blankets ; or, 
 
 perchance, if your patience 
 
 and temper are not up to 
 
 W the strain, you drag your 
 
 blankets out of vour tent 
 
 WyF and lie on vour tent, vowing 
 
 vengeance on your scoundrelly 
 
 bov ! 
 
 GUKKHA COOLIES BUILDING SHELTERS. 
 
 We dilate on the Weathei*. 
 
 During the months of November, December, and January the cold is intense 
 on these hills, the temperature falling below freezing-point at night. The water 
 
WAITING FOR INSPIRATION ! WRITING UP THE DAY'S DIARY. 
 Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta. 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 17 
 
 freezes in our basins, and the ground in the morning is found covered with hoar 
 frost. Marching can be done the whole day. A strong wind usually prevails, 
 and this makes the cold more keen and cutting. Breasting the stiff hills, one 
 gets warmed up to a red heat ; but, when you reach the acclivities, the cold 
 wind goes through you like a knife and makes you shiver to your bones. 
 
 To keep oneself warm at night, there is nothing like having one's blankets 
 sewn up into a bag. 
 
 In March and April rain falls, and in the low-lying valleys the heat is very 
 considerable about this time, and marching after 8 or 9 o'clock a.m. a terrible 
 grind. The regular rains set in about May or June, and no operations are then 
 possible. 
 
 Out* Camp Furniture. 
 
 Our baggage being on such a limited scale, such luxuries as chairs and 
 tables did not encumber us. After the day's work is done, clad in our great- 
 coats, we sit on the ground round the roaring camp-fire smoking our pipes and 
 chatting till dinner is announced. 
 
 DinneP«Time in Camp. 
 
 The grunts and shouts of satisfaction with which this announcement is received 
 testifies that everyone is fortified with that greatest of all blessings — a keen appetite. 
 The meal is a frugal one, consisting mainly of bulli-beef and the omnipresent 
 murgfit, done in various ways, chiefly stewed, boiled or curried — the limits of our 
 chef 's repertoire. Sometimes these are supplemented with a few odds-and-ends 
 we may have been able to bring up with us. Eggs, too, we usually have in 
 abundance. Your own or your servant's bedding, rolled up into a bundle and 
 deposited between your legs, provides the table on which you dine ; or if the 
 commissariat can give you some empty deal cases, in which beef or biscuit tins 
 are packed, they make excellent tables. 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 Oup Servants again. 
 
 Our servants are a motley crew. There are representatives from the 
 north, south, 
 east and west of 
 India, as well 
 as from Burma, 
 and even be- 
 yond. They 
 apparently do 
 
 OUR SERVANTS. 
 
 not give their ^ 
 masters com- 
 plete satisfac- 
 tion, if one is to — 
 judge by the 
 language one 
 hears on all 
 sides, not only 
 
 at dinner time, but also the last thing at night and the first thing in the 
 morning : — 
 
 " Are you not going to give me something to eat, you villain ? " 
 
 " Why mayn't I have something to drink ? " 
 
 " Blue blazes ! the cook has made this curry too hot ! " shouts someone, as he 
 mops his perspiration-bedewed brow, and his eyes water and twinkle from the 
 warmth of the curry. 
 
 " No ! it's an excellent curry ! " shout others in derision ; " it's not a bit hot." 
 
 " What have you done with the cold fowl and eggs, you rogue ? " 
 
 " Done giving to dogs, master ! " 
 
 " You incarnation of a liar ! " 
 
 " You'll all have your pay cut. De'il a sou will any of you get this month." 
 
 "You have drunk the rum, you scoundrel. I'll thrash you ! Get out of my 
 sight ! " 
 
 " I speak true word, master ; I no drink. Rum fall out on way." 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 19 
 
 Interrogations and exclamations of this sort vary the monotony of the dinner 
 hour. The fusilade, however, falls harmlessly on our nowkers, who go on pretty 
 much as usual, and know that master soon forgets his terrible threats of vengeance, 
 and that the heavy fines so freely inflicted are never cut at the end of the month. 
 
 One servant must have made his master very angry indeed one day, for we 
 have a vivid recollection one freezing morning of seeing an apparition in pyjamas 
 rush out of his tiny tent with bare feet, regardless of the cold, and, seizing with both 
 hands the first thing he got hold of, which happened to be a large log, he bela- 
 boured his nowker, and then, panting and out of breath, he dived back into his 
 tent to recover his second wind. 
 
 Post«pi*andial Enjoyments. 
 
 Dinner is washed down with rum or whisky, if there is any, or with a hot cup 
 of tea or cocoa. Then, with our pipes and nightcaps of something comforting in 
 our mugs, we sit or lie round the blazing fire talking over the events of the day or 
 relating our mutual experiences, our raconteurs shining on such occasions. Some 
 of the circle sometimes burst into melody ; but this was, I confess, not often — we 
 appeared to be an unmusical lot ; or we often arranged the outline of the annual 
 Chin dinner we decided to institute in London, in which roast pork and bulli-beef 
 would largely figure, and the chief drink would be "Yu" the details being left for 
 future consideration ; and so, Alnaschar-like, we built many castles in the air, 
 which the last post-bugle usually shattered, as it told us it was time for bed. 
 Many were the stories, veracious and otherwise, that enlivened our camp-fires. 
 We learnt how the Chin ladies helped in making gunpowder ; how a gallant 
 officer, mistaking the hooting of monkeys for the war-cry of the Chins, rapidly 
 got his guns into action ; and how, many years ago, an Englishman who had been 
 captured from Burma, had been walked through Chin-land, with certain duties 
 to perforin. These and many others we heard, but they will not bear repeating 
 here. Our post-prandial gathering round the camp-fire was always an enjoyable 
 time. The wine, it is true, did not flow, because we had none, and the rum and 
 whisky were limited ; but we hoped for better things, and for the time were 
 
20 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 content : and we know that a contented mind is a continual feast — or at least 
 they tell us so. 
 
 The Junior does Stoke**. 
 
 To the junior officer 
 stoking the fire. Some- 
 fire, as deriving the most 
 upon to do this in this 
 you are nearest the fire 
 going out — lots of wood!" 
 tantly got up and stoked, 
 ing oneself after a time 
 One constantly heard 
 lots of whisky — lots of 
 
 " Bov ! lots of fowls 
 
 j 
 
 very hungry — lots of 
 
 IN CAMP : A DOG FIGHT. 
 
 sent usually fell the duty of 
 times the one nearest the 
 benefit from it, was called 
 fashion : — " Sawbones, 
 — very cold night — fire 
 Then Sawbones reluc- 
 This method of express- 
 became quite popular, 
 orders like this: — "Boy! 
 mugs — we are very dry ! ' ' 
 — lots of eggs — we are 
 stew — lots of omelettes!" 
 
 R fiightmape. 
 
 On one occasion we had been discussing the possiblity of a night-attack. This, 
 with some ^^^fl felted heavy pastry our cook had inveigled us 
 
 eating, had so affected one young 
 officer that, in the middle of the 
 night, he gave us all a start by 
 jumping out of his bed and 
 with quivering frame and out- 
 stretched arms shouting out : — 
 " The Chins are upon us ! Here 
 they are at last!! Look out!!!" 
 B^ It was only a nightmare. 
 
 IN CAMP : OFFICERS PATCHING DAMAGED CLOTHING^ 
 
X f. 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills 
 
 Jioca cue had a night^seare. 
 
 We were not often troubled by 
 night-alarms. A Chin hates going 
 about in the dark, he is too afraid 
 of his Nats ; so they have never 
 made attacks by night. On one 
 occasion only was there a nigh 
 scare ; but we found over-indul- 
 gence in " Yu " or Chin beer was 
 the cause of it all. The Political 
 Officer, who, with an escort 
 was sleeping in the 
 village near which 
 camped, sent 
 camp at mid- 
 the people of 
 his friend lies 
 state of excite- 
 momentarily to be ^ 
 neigbouring hostile 
 and bitterly cold night, but 
 had to jump out of his 
 and warn 
 
 EAKFAST BEFORE THE START. 
 
 of sepoys and his friendlies, 
 
 Chief's house in a 
 
 the troops were 
 
 down to the 
 
 night to say that 
 
 the village and 
 
 were in a great 
 
 ment, expecting 
 
 attacked by a 
 
 village. It was a dark 
 
 the hard-worked Staff Officer 
 
 blankets, rush up the hills, 
 
 all the guards and pickets to be on the alert. 
 
 SADDLING-UP FOR THE MARCH. 
 
 night, however, passed away quietly enough and 
 
 nothing happened ; and it transpired in the 
 
 morning, much to the disgust of our worthy 
 
 Staif Officer, that the whole village had been 
 
 having a big drink, and the scare 
 
 had been evolved out of their 
 
 Fw-besotted imaginations ! 
 
 GETTING READY FOR THE MARCH. 
 
22 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 servants 
 
 MHfck 
 
 Undressing foip Bed. 
 
 It was very unpleasant tearing ourselves away from the genial glow of the 
 fire. Most of us dreaded changing into our night things in our cold tents, so our 
 
 brought the things to the fire and warmed them. 
 When it was time for bed, we changed into 
 them, and then made a rush for our tents and 
 tumbled into our blankets, where 
 we often shivered through the 
 night, if our tents let in the cold 
 • blast — as they often did, if one 
 had not taken the precaution of 
 piling up leaves and grass all 
 *' * ,; " > ..- round them or throwing up a 
 
 THE 8TH BENGAL MOUNTAIN BATTERY HALTED ABOVE FALAM. 11 i 1 ^11 
 
 small embankment or earthwork, 
 as one officer was very expert in doing. 
 
 Shocus hocu some People eannot Sleep. 
 
 A hard day's 
 work, as a rule, 
 produces a good 
 night's sleep ; but 
 there are some 
 funny people who 
 cannot sleep after 
 a certain hour in 
 the morning. One 
 such always shout- 
 ed for his servant 
 at an early hour, 
 the moment he 
 awoke. This call, 
 regularly piercing 
 
 KINGS ROYAL RIFLES READY FOR THE MARCH. 
 
w r 
 
 z 8 
 
 o ^ 
 
 5 1 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 23 
 
 the morning air, was as good as the bugler's "rouse." Most of us found it 
 so, and thought the bugle-call later on quite superfluous. Another sleepless 
 warrior we had too. He usually awoke with the lark, or earlier, and in the 
 intervals of shouting and swearing at his boy for being late with his early tea 
 and " chupatties" he treated us to snatches of melody in various keys. 
 
 LUe have a Pestilenee of Dogs. 
 
 Dogs we 
 abundance, 
 between our legs 
 and when you 
 tent at night, 
 found a few of 
 dogs snugly en- 
 your blankets. 
 houk them out 
 a moment ; but 
 be put off in that 
 night you would 
 them in your 
 perhaps they 
 and, as soon as 
 they would again 
 on you ; and all 
 would dream 
 like another 
 carrying the 
 some part of 
 
 A HALT : OFFICERS HAVING BREAKFAST. 
 
 had with us in 
 They usually got 
 on the march ; 
 reached your 
 you usually 
 your friends' 
 sconced within 
 To swear at and 
 was the work of 
 they were not to 
 way, for next 
 be sure to find 
 tent again, or 
 would growbold, 
 you fell asleep, 
 crawl in and lie 
 night long you 
 that somehow, 
 Atlas, you were 
 Chin Hills on 
 your body, 
 
 though you could not tell which ; and in the morning you would wake up to find 
 that you had not been troubled with a nightmare, as you thought, from indulging 
 too freely in those thick slices of frozen bulli-beef and rum, but that it was those 
 
2 4 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 infernal dogs of your friends. Sometimes they fought and barked at night, as is 
 their wont, and caused general irritation, but it was too _w , fc cold 
 
 for anvone to rush after them with 
 
 j 
 
 sticks. We could only throw boots 
 or other handy missiles at them, but 
 they kept well out of reach as a rule. 
 
 ON THE MARCH : 
 FIVE MINCTES HALT AT A STREAM TO DRINK. 
 
 The Dog Snores. 
 
 One officer had a huge dog, which shared his tent with him. At night loud 
 sounds, like strong, healthy human snoring, always proceeded from that tent ; but 
 the occupant always would have it that it was the dog that made the noise. 
 But "we had our doubts," as the Chin Chiefs remarked, when we told them that 
 we had come into their country solely for their own good. 
 
 R noetut»nal JVIule gives trouble. 
 
 Sometimes a mule 
 loose from his tethering 
 come strolling around, 
 knocking up against our 
 tents, or, perhaps, up- 
 setting a few, and causing 
 great excitement among 
 our canine friends. And 
 till that rampaging beast 
 was captured and tethered 
 again there was no peace 
 for us ; for you never 
 knew when he might 
 
 FIVE MINUTES HALT AFTER A STIFF CLIMB. 
 
''s^'^HHH 
 
 If 
 
 >.«J 
 
 
 • 5=< w V •# -^ j^ w" 
 
 ' 1 
 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 25 
 
 not come charging up against your tent and putting his gentle foot down on 
 some tender part of your body. 
 
 Ouf Servants become noisy. 
 
 ervants are a most garrulous lot, especially 
 
 the old ones. They would sit up around the 
 
 after their masters had retired, and suck and 
 
 away at their hubble-bubbles, and talk and talk 
 
 between whiles, till some irate sahib, who 
 
 could stand it no longer, would shout and 
 
 swear at them ; and then, with a pious 
 
 exclamation regarding the irritability of 
 
 the sahib, they would roll themselves in 
 
 their blankets and tumble off to sleep. 
 
 ADVANCE GUARD HALTED TO LET REST OF COLUMN CLOSE-UP 
 BEFORE ENTERING VILLAGE. 
 
 The Dhoolie-beafef begins to eough. 
 When these, at last, became silent, the dhoolie-bearers would begin wheezing 
 and coughing — and / . they beat anyone at this. They appeared 
 
 always to wait 
 quiet, and 
 began. If 
 a very bad 
 a long 
 wheeze, it 
 sure to 
 a kahar. 
 to lay him- 
 prolonged 
 and he 
 cess by 
 
 till everything had become perfectly 
 
 then they 
 you heard 
 whine, and 
 drawn - out 
 was pretty 
 come from 
 He seems 
 self out for a good 
 fit when he begins, 
 helps on the pro- 
 sucking deeply of 
 
 A HALT : KING S ROYAL RIFLES AND FRIENDLIES. 
 
26 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 THE BHISTI ON HIS ROUNDS. 
 
 his hubble-bubble. It is a fine art with these people ; a cough and a wheeze that 
 rise in intensity gradually, and, when the climax of enjoyment is reached, the 
 paroxysm ends with a long-drawn sigh of u Ram ! Ram/" 
 
 So we always kept people of such peculiar 
 long way off, if possible. But often, on ac 
 of the limited space, we were all crowded 
 gether, and then the wheezy followers' 
 enjoyment would be cut short at intervals 
 by the stentorian " chuprao ! you sir-r ! " 
 from the sahibs neighbouring tents. 
 
 The Coolies are JVIusieal. 
 
 The Gurkha coolies woke about 
 one or two o'clock in the morning, 
 and began cooking their food at that 
 early hour. They could not sleep 
 for the cold, and no doubt preferred sitting round the fire. Some would often 
 break out into song, accompanied by a monotonous drubbing 
 
 on a drum which they always carried 
 
 about with them. But these 
 early concerts were appar- 
 ently not appreciated by 
 the sahibs, for a shout 
 would presently come 
 from one tent for the 
 u budmashes to chuprao!" 
 The coolies would wait 
 a minute or two, and 
 resume their music when 
 they thought the sahibs 
 
 king's royal rifles cooking their dinners. had £TOne off to sleeD 
 
 again. But again would come the "chuprao! you b s!" from several tents, 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 27 
 
 and the poor musically-inclined coolies would have to desist, wondering why the 
 sahibs should be so irritable and unappreciative of early morning song. 
 
 Oar Servants get Tipsy 
 
 Our servants, sometimes from too free 
 gence in their masters' rum or whisky 
 bottles, became tipsy ; and though 
 it was annoying enough to the man 
 whose spirits had disappeared, it very 
 often afforded us much amusement. 
 One servant argued that he did not 
 drink his master's rum, but some 
 
 other sahib 's, and he therefore thought his own master 
 ought not to grumble in return for this considerate con- 
 duct of his ! 
 
 indul- 
 
 SEPOVS COOKING. 
 
 Our servants were also particular in the company they kept. They had their 
 own sets, and when one set succeeded in stealing or eating or drinking more than 
 another set, there was a row, in which we were often called upon to interfere. 
 
 We Renounce Shaving. 
 Shaving on the inarch being too much of a grind, especially as you could never 
 hot water when you wanted it and your razor refused to 
 keep sharp, it was not generally practised. Most of 
 us, however, in our scrubby beards, looked terrible 
 guys ; some were positively awful ! One ener- 
 getic officer, however, was not to be denied 
 his morning shave. There you 
 saw him regularly sitting before 
 his tent, with a rug wrapped 
 round him, shivering in the 
 freezing cold and scraping away 
 at his chin with the greatest 
 
 IN CAMP: SEPOYS AND COOLIES BATHING. 
 
28 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 enjoyment. It must have been a blunt razor too, for the grating it produced could 
 be heard in all our tents. 
 
 IXXz Clip out* Jiaitf. 
 
 Hair-brushing, too, was a superfluous luxury, so most of us had our heads 
 
 down to the skin with mule shears. It did 
 improve our appearance, but, on the con- 
 trary, we looked remarkably like a 
 batch of released convicts. How- 
 ever, it was comfortable, though 
 decidedly cold at night. One 
 officer revelled in the delights of 
 a nightcap, and he did not mind ; but 
 the rest of us, who had come unpre- 
 pared for this contingency, had to 
 sleep in our forage-caps. If clippers 
 were not available, the company-barber 
 (either European or native) performed 
 
 IN CAMP : WAITING FOR SOMETHING TO EAT. 
 
 streams, 
 had 
 
 on us with equal success. 
 
 We abandon Tubbing — Shoeking I 
 
 Our bathing arrangements were primitive, and generally done in our basin or 
 pony-buckets. At first we tried bathing in the 
 but this was always followed by fever, and we 
 to give it up. With the intense cold and 
 other drawbacks, no one rose to regular 
 tubbing. It could not be done at any 
 price ; and u when you 
 cannot do what you 
 will, you must do what 
 you can;" that is, we 
 did without it, like our 
 friends the Chins, except 
 
 IN CAMP : POLITICAL OFFICER HAVING FRIENDLY CHAT WITH HIS FRIENDLIES. 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 29 
 
 when we halted at a place for a day or two and were able to rig up a bathing- 
 place. 
 
 Ouf I^it becomes ragged. 
 
 With our 40 lbs. of kit, it was not much in the way of clothing one could 
 
 carrv about. Hard wear 
 kit to a ragged con 
 usual, after the day's 
 we lay about under J 
 someone e n - 
 ing his tattered 
 manner that 
 done credit to 
 establishment, 
 was a halt, our 
 general washing 
 
 STAFF OFFICER PAYING CHIN COOI 
 
 soon reduced our scanty 
 tion. It was not un- 
 work was done and 
 the trees, to see 
 gaged in patch- 
 garments in a 
 would have 
 any tailoring 
 When there 
 servants had a 
 up, which usually 
 ged belongings 
 
 reduced our rag- 
 to a further state of raggedness. 
 
 Oup Soots. 
 With the hard marching, our boots soon came to grief— much sooner than we 
 
 had bargained for 
 shoe - leather 
 f e r r e d 
 clothed 
 
 Many of us were reduced to investing in 
 from followers who pre- 
 climbing hills with un- 
 feet. A collection of our 
 boots, at the end of the 
 operations, would have 
 been a curious sight. 
 
 Ouf " tout ensemble." 
 
 And so, clothed in torn, 
 toil-stained garments, with 
 unkempt scrubby beards 
 and convict-cropped heads, with your pedal extremities in shreds of boots, and 
 
 [ET CHAT BEFORE DINNEI 
 
3Q 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 your manly legs enveloped in frayed putties, even your most familiar friends 
 
 would have failed to recognise vou. 
 
 O J 
 
 Our JVIai*ehes. 
 
 Owing to the dark, damp, misty mornings the day's march rarely began before 
 7 or 8 o'clock. Everything ^^^^ ^^^ was packed and ready for the 
 
 start a quarter of an hour 
 one had partaken of a sub- 
 march began ; but the 
 owing to the many ranges 
 climbed and the bad 
 frequent halts to enable 
 the paths practicable for 
 mules. In many places 
 zig-zagged all the way 
 fallen trees had to be 
 entailed much hard and 
 evervone. Even to 1N CAMP: discussing the political situation. 
 
 or so previously, and every - 
 stantial meal. Then the 
 progress was slow, 
 of hills that had to be 
 paths. There were 
 the Pioneers to make 
 the transport or the gun- 
 a new path had to be 
 up a steep hill, or huge 
 cleared away. All this 
 continuous work on 
 those who had nothing 
 
 to do on such occasions, the long halts, cramped up as everyone was on narrow 
 
 ere very wearying and fatigu- 
 
 The mules fall docun the 
 " khuds." 
 
 In spite of every pre- 
 caution many mules, 
 especially the battery 
 animals, fell over the 
 khudSy and some were 
 } killed outright or were so 
 badly damaged that they had 
 to be shot. Many had 
 wonderful escapes. 
 
 INTELLIGENCE officers at work. 
 
Z $ 
 
 < & 
 
 -1 ° 
 
 ►J « 
 
 is 5 
 
 « 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 3i 
 
 When we got into the bad hilly country, these accidents were constantly happening 
 — that is, falling down the khuds. Some obstinate mules, like Old Father William, 
 "did it again and again." But by constant practice some had become so expert, 
 that they managed to pick themselves up in some very hairy places in a most 
 astonishing manner, without sustaining the least damage. One animal we saw 
 drop down 40 feet on to a mass of rocks. We thought he was killed ; but 
 presently he got up and shook himself, and, when he was brought up to the path 
 again, he was found to have been hurt in no way. 
 
 CQule Stofies. 
 
 Talking of mules, our artillery officer often told us curious stories about 
 them — all quite true, of course. "Once," he said, 
 
 "we were out for a 
 the mules suddenly 
 fast in a bit of a 
 pulled and tug- 
 devil an inch 
 moved. At 
 on ropes and 
 battery on to 
 an hour's hard 
 suddenly shot 
 with a loud ole- 
 smack ; and on 
 place to ascer- 
 
 WAITING FOR THE ORDERS OK THE DAY. 
 
 route-march. One of 
 got stuck hard and 
 morass. We 
 ged at him, but 
 could he be 
 last we lashed 
 put the whole 
 him, and after 
 work the mule 
 out of the mud 
 aginous sort of 
 examining the 
 tain how the 
 
 beast had become stuck so firmly, a leech was found at the bottom of the mud, 
 and he had been holding on to the mule all the time ! " " On another occasion 
 the mules were out grazing, and one suddenly disappeared in a deep swampy pool. 
 To give the alarm and obtain assistance to pull the animal out occupied an hour 
 or so. When the rescue party arrived, they could see the animal several feet 
 below the water, at the bottom of the pool, fast in the mud up to his chest. They 
 thought he must be dead ; but no, he was not ! Not to waste his time, however, 
 he was quietly nibbling away at the weeds and things that grew around him 
 
32 
 
 The Image of War; or, .Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 at the bottom of the pool. When he heard the footfalls of his rescuers, he simply 
 raised his head and moved his ears backwards and forwards, but showed no other 
 emotion, and so he waited quietly till his deliverers were able to haul him out. 
 This story beautifully illustrates the patient spirit of the mule under adversity!" 
 
 Every one 
 scription in 
 he munched 
 along or ate 
 the many 
 curred. If, 
 long halt had 
 been made, 
 twenty min- 
 an-hour was 
 lowed be- 
 12 o'clock. 
 
 Refreshments on the fiflareh. 
 
 carried cooked food of some kind or de- 
 ; . his haversack. This 
 
 as he went 
 tm ^ during some of 
 halts that oc- 
 however, no 
 previously 
 one for 
 utes or half- 
 usual ly al- 
 tween 1 1 and 
 
 A CAMI' PICKET. 
 
 The Best LUay to Climb a fiill. 
 
 Most of the officers had ponies, and it is certainly much nicer getting up a hill 
 on a pony's back, if it can be done, than on one's own pins. However, there were 
 many places where this could not be done. The next best thing was to hang on to 
 your pony's tail. It might not have been a dignified way of climbing a hill, but it 
 helped you to keep your wind, and, when you reached the top of the hill, you could 
 talk, while the others around you gasped for breath and, for the life of them, could 
 not utter a word. 
 
 flffival in Camp. 
 
 The camp was usually reached in the afternoon. All of us were then very 
 busy with our various duties ; some telling off sites, others looking after their 
 men, or posting the usual sentries and pickets, or issuing the orders for the day. 
 

 O <5 
 
 s s 
 
 ■^■■■■la^ni^H 
 
 iMm^ui 
 
 s 1 
 
 2 to 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 33 
 
 These and many other details of camp life keep us all engaged for some time. 
 The Political Officer is busy receiving deputations of Chins ; and then, the safety 
 
 and cleanliness of the camp 
 gradually settle down 
 trooping in an hour 
 up by the rear- 
 wood is gather- 
 camp-fires are 
 presently our 
 us hot cups of 
 which, under the 
 indeed grateful and 
 
 being duly provided for, we 
 
 The coolies come 
 
 or so later, brought 
 
 guard. The 
 
 ed and the 
 
 lighted, and 
 
 servants bring 
 
 tea or cocoa, 
 
 circumstances, are 
 
 comforting. 
 
 ON THE MARCH : SICK OFFICER RESTING. 
 
 The *^eaF«guai*dhas a Bad Time of it. 
 On a few occasions when the marches were long and the paths very bad, and 
 there were many weary hills to climb and water was scarce, the rear-guard and 
 coolies did not reach camp till long past midnight. Some of the dhoolie-bearers 
 would fall down the kluid in the dark, or some of the coolies would get lost and 
 would be brought in days after by friendly Chins, or a few sepoys would miss the 
 
 way in the darkness and 
 fall asleep in the jungle. 
 Relief parties with light- 
 ed pine -wood torches 
 would have to be sent 
 out to light the belated 
 ones into camp. On 
 such occasions the offi- 
 cer commanding the 
 rear-guard had a very 
 unpleasant time of it. 
 Indeed, after the first 
 
 THE FIELD HOSPITAL : THE MEDICAL OFFICER S VISIT. 
 
34 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 experience, he always provided himself with candles, food, blankets, and a flask 
 full of whisky or rum, to be prepared for all contingencies. Experiences such as 
 these, however, were happily not the rule. The rear-guard usually arrived in 
 camp in good time. 
 
 The "dhoolies" and "Kahafs." 
 
 When first advancing into the hills we had, 
 
 cessity, to camp in the 
 deadly valleys at the foot 
 of the hills, and here the 
 troops and followers con- 
 tracted much sickness. 
 Men were constantly fall- 
 ing out on the march and 
 had to be carried in the 
 latter were heavy cumbrous 
 as a matter of much difficulty 
 carrying : **P them up the steep hills with narrow paths that took 
 
 sharp *w.wflaL. bends round precipices and slippery spurs. This 
 
 BRINGING SICK ACROSS A RIVER. 
 
 made the progress very slow. The bearers, themselves 
 
 a feeble lot, went sick in large numbers, and added to the difficulties. When there 
 is any hard work to be done the kahar always breaks 
 
 down. His favourite expression, when 
 request him to " chulo " and not delay 
 the column, is, "I am 
 dying!" Whenever you 
 meet a party of kahars, they 
 whine this dirge at you — 
 "We are all dying." But 
 it becomes monotonous, and 
 not only fails to rouse the 
 pity in your bosom it is in- 
 tended to excite, but it 
 
 CAMP OF THE DHOOI.IE-HEAREKS. 
 
&&*!*. i 
 
 o H 
 o 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 35 
 
 absolutely makes one very angry after a time. On arrival in camp the dying 
 ones are as noisy as jackdaws, and snarl and wrangle over their ghee and lotas, 
 and other equally important matters. 
 
 Out* Jungle Camp. 
 
 Sometimes we had to camp in damp, 
 
 dark, dense jungles, where the air 
 
 was stagnant and heavy, and 
 where we had to cut down 
 the trees to let in the 
 light and air. Some of 
 the camps were very 
 bad ; but there was no 
 help for it. We could not 
 go to the top of the mountain, 
 away from the water, neither could 
 we camp up the hill-side — usually as 
 steep as a church-steeple ; so we had to keep to the streams below. Once well 
 into the hills, the camps were on good sites — chiefly on the hill-slopes, near 
 
 villages. 
 
 The Boungshay Country. 
 
 In the Boungshay country 
 the valleys are very narrow, 
 and covered for the most 
 part with dense jungle. The 
 mountains rise to great 
 heights. One range the 
 troops went over was above 
 9,000 feet. Pine forests are 
 not plentiful. The summits 
 of the higher ranges are 
 a mountain camp— boungshay countrv. covered with dense oak- 
 
 VIEW IN THE BOUNGSHAY COUNTRY. 
 
3& 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 '44 
 
 I 
 
 CAMP NEAR SHUKKWA. 
 
 forests, from whose sombre branches hang in plenty long trailing lichen, and 
 orchids are seen in great profusion. Generally above 
 
 4,000 feet red rhododendrons cover the hill sides. The 
 
 villages are few and far- 
 
 between. The paths 
 are chiefly goat-tracks, jj 
 and go straight up or I 
 down the hills. There I 
 is, no doubt, abun- I 
 dance of game in the | 
 country. The Chiefs are all 
 mighty hunters, and we found 
 their houses museums of 
 shikar trophies. The Chiefs 
 have large herds of mythun, 
 which are usually allowed to roam the jungles. We also came across numbers 
 
 ^f water-buffalo. They also have the ordinary cattle ; 
 >ut this is the result of their raids into Burma. 
 .In many of these southern villages there were 
 large numbers of white hill-goats. Occasion- 
 ally the Chins paid goats and mythun as 
 tribute. This provided us with fresh meat 
 for many days. Fowls and eggs were also 
 plentiful, and paid in as tribute. The nominal 
 tribute they had to pay was one rupee for each 
 Jiouse. In most of the villages we were able to 
 get oranges and plaintains. Vegetables were 
 scarce — the only vegetable universally grown 
 seems to be a variety of bean. In some 
 laces yams and sweet potatoes and pump- 
 kins were also grown. Millet and Indian 
 a camp in the boungshay country. corn is the staple diet of the Chin. Pigs 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 37 
 
 and pariah dogs abounded. Chins do not eat their dogs, as was at one time 
 erroneously supposed ; but the pig is a tit-bit reserved for all festive and state 
 occasions. 
 
 l^luncj-I^lung Country. 
 
 TASHON COLUMN ENCAMPED AT FALAM. 
 
 In the Klung-Klung 
 country the valleys are 
 broader and the hills not 
 so high, but there is little 
 undergrowth jungle, and the 
 whole country abounds in 
 beautiful pine forest, the air 
 one breathes everywhere 
 being delightfully fragrant 
 and fresh. 
 
 Tashon Country. 
 
 Towards the north, in 
 the Tashon country, the 
 hills are very densely populated, and nearly the whole of the hill-sides have been 
 cleared for cul- i^tew tivation. One meets with very 
 
 little ^ fefc jungle anywhere, and so 
 
 it is farther north. There 
 are mighty hunters in the 
 Klung-Klung country too, 
 but owing to the clearing 
 of the jungles and the 
 densely populated valleys 
 in the Tashon country, it 
 is devoid of game, and the people are not great 
 shikaris but great agriculturists. 
 
 The Country is Difficult. 
 
 the htite vak valley, up which the Sometimes the country to be visited was 
 
 BOUNGSHAY COLUMN ADVANCED. J 
 
3« 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 so difficult, that the guns and all animals had to be left behind at the base, and 
 only the troops 
 made the ex 
 climbing 
 occasions 
 rible ; of- 
 a case of 
 on b v 
 lids," as 
 gant ex- 
 goes. One 
 back 
 the Dawn 
 in the Klung 
 try will never be 
 those who had to 
 about the worse 
 
 THE GREAT SOUTHERN BEND OF THE " BOINU " (CHIEFTAIN'S 
 BRIDE) ROUND THE " BOIPA " MOUNTAIN (THE CHIEFTAIN). 
 
 with coolies 
 pedition.The 
 on such 
 was ter- 
 ten it was 
 " holding 
 your eye- 
 the de- 
 pression 
 razor- 
 ridge on 
 Mountain 
 Klung coun- 
 forgotten by 
 climb it. It is 
 bit of mountain- 
 
 path in the whole of the Chin Hills, and that is saying a good deal. On each 
 side of this steep craggy ridge is a precipice of 3,000 or 4,000 feet, to look down 
 which made one feel fe^ quite dizzy. The Chins call this 
 
 break- \ neck spot, "The place where the 
 
 ^k dog fell down." It is the sort 
 
 of place Rider Haggard 
 
 might have conceived, 
 
 and up which some of his 
 
 bloodthirsty heroes might 
 
 have had to climb in 
 
 search of hidden treasure 
 
 r on some other bold adven- 
 
 ■..fin. 
 
 ture. 
 
 OUR FIRST VIEW OF THE BOINU RIVER BELOW SHURKWA VILLAGE. 
 
 We I^eeeive LUaflike 
 l^epofts. 
 
 The reports at first 
 

 ,9*tf 
 
 .■• 
 
 
 
 
 z i 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 39 
 
 received were always of a more or less warlike nature, and were generally to 
 
 the tune that the more 
 
 distant villages would 
 
 strenuously resist the 
 
 advance of troops into 
 
 their country. But event 
 
 ually peaceful councils 
 
 prevailed everywhere and 
 
 the troops were received 
 
 in all directions in a 
 
 friendly spirit. On one 
 
 occasion only did we find 
 
 that they had pan/'gie-d. 
 
 or spiked a place with THE highest i>oint reached by the boungshav column, over 9,000 feet. 
 
 sharp bamboos. We were, however, warned of this, and the only creature that 
 suffered was an obstinate old mule who persisted in wandering off the path, and 
 one of his feet was run through by a panjgie for his trouble. When a good 
 
 Samaritan of a Tom- 
 my did the animal a 
 good turn by pulling 
 I out the spike, the 
 ungrateful beast re- 
 paid his kindness by 
 kicking him in the 
 stomach. But, to be 
 sure, there are others 
 besides mules who 
 I ! I display this virtue. 
 There was, for in- 
 stance, the Chin whom 
 I we treated with rum 
 entrance to southern boungshav village. and other delicacies, 
 
40 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 and who, before leaving camp, quietly walked off with one of our kukries. There 
 
 too was the sahib, 
 who, having no 
 matches himself, 
 borrowed a box 
 from his syce on 
 the march, and 
 then swore at the 
 man because the 
 matches would not 
 light. 
 
 UUe at»e met by 
 the Chiefs. 
 
 The Chiefs and 
 g principal men of 
 
 ENTKANVI 
 
 ISHON VILLAGE. 
 
 the village the 
 
 troops were marching for, always came out several miles with presents of fowls, 
 eggs, oranges, and 
 gourds full of Yu, 
 to meet the column. 
 Having given in 
 their submission, 
 they conducted the 
 troops to their vil- 
 lage, near which the 
 camp would be pit- 
 ched. Later on the 
 Chiefs would come 
 in and pay their 
 tribute, and discuss 
 matters with the 
 Politicaia£)fficer. 
 
 ENTRANCE TO A YAHOW VILLAGE. 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 4i 
 
 Chiefs come in to submit. 
 
 If we halted a 
 of surrounding 
 had not been 
 from vari- 
 would come 
 strings of 
 carrying the 
 sents and 
 submission : 
 they would ! 
 and inspect mH| 
 seen in the 
 The Chin j 
 consider ] 
 time f o r 
 some camps strings 
 tions kept coining 
 long, and some- 
 Often they turned 
 hours of the morn- 
 round the Political 
 would shout, 
 which being inter- 
 Father! O Father!" 
 keep on shouting 
 gave them an au- 
 use swearing at 
 not understand that, 
 you the louder. If 
 Chin, and he want- 
 the Political Offi- 
 
 
 
 A' CHIN GRAVEYARD. 
 
 day or two, the Chiefs 
 villages that we 
 able to visit 
 ous causes, 
 in with their 
 f ol lowers 
 usual pre- 
 give in their 
 and then 
 go round 
 I the wonders to be 
 I strangers' camp. 
 I evidently does not 
 that " there is a 
 everything." In 
 of these deputa- 
 and going all day 
 times at night, 
 up in the small 
 ing, and sitting 
 Officer's tent, they 
 "Kapa! KapaT 
 preted means, " O 
 And they would 
 till the "Father" 
 dience. It was no 
 them. They did 
 and only "Kapa-&" 
 an idea struck a 
 ed to impart it to 
 cer, he came to 
 
 A CLUMP OF BAMBOOS AT AN ALTITUDE OF 6,000 FT. AT ENTRANCE TO A CHIN VILLAGE. 
 
4 2 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 him at once, no matter what the hour might be : midnight suited him just as well 
 as dawn or mid-day. 
 
 On one occasion we 
 verandah of a Chin 
 the wind out 
 waterproof 
 the front of 
 dah. About 
 we were all 
 startled by 
 " Kapa ! 
 in long drawn- 
 tural tones. We sat 
 
 R midnight Visit. 
 
 were all asleep in the 
 house. To keep 
 we had tied a 
 sheet across 
 the veran- 
 midnight 
 suddenly 
 the familiar 
 K a p a / ' 
 l^out gut- 
 up in our 
 peering over the 
 
 beds, and there lunnoo, the southernmost village visited by the 
 
 BOUNGSHAY COLUMN. 
 
 waterproof sheet at us were a number 
 
 of hideous Chin faces, with dishevelled hair, lit up by flaming pine-torches. They 
 
 grinned at us and seemed to enjoy the situation. They were 
 a deputation from a neighbouring village 
 that had come in to submit. Owing 
 to these little peculiarities of the 
 Chin, we had to erect our tents 
 well away from the Political Offi- 
 cer's ; otherwise we were never 
 certain of our night's repose. 
 
 Holu me drank Yu at a Chief's 
 house. 
 
 Perhaps a Chief would invite 
 us to drink a friendly cup of Yu 
 
 kAWYWA, THE MOST WESTERLY CHIN VILLAGE VISITED. ^ h[s fo^ Wq remember One 
 
 occasion of this kind. When the camp-fires were burning merrily all round and 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 43 
 
 throwing a cheerful glow on the groups round each, the Chief of the village 
 
 came and invited us to his mansion. It was a cold night 
 
 and some preferred the warmth of the fire «fc^ %. and 
 
 their post-prandial pipes and mugs of rum. 
 
 A few of the hardier ones, however, went. 
 
 The Chins formed a 
 
 circle round a huge 
 
 Yu jar, and the liquor 
 
 had to be sucked out of 
 
 the jar through a reed in 
 
 the orthodox Chin 
 
 fashion, the quantity 
 
 each guest had to drink 
 
 being marked by a piece of stick. Each guest had to suck away till the liquid 
 
 reached a certain level. To the Chin " this was nothing new," as the mule said 
 
 GOATS BROUGHT IN AS Tl 
 
 HEAD-QUARTER CAMP AT MUNLIPI (KLUNG-KLUNG). 
 
 when it fell down the khud for the twentieth time. But it was a strain on the 
 
44 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 " Boipas" (Chin for sahibs), and some felt the effects of that mild debauch next 
 day and the day after that. 
 
 A MVTHUN l'AIP IN AS TRIBUTE. 
 
 m&M 
 
 Yu and its virtues. 
 
 This Yu, or Chin beer, varies in quality 
 
 immensely. No two brews are alike. The 
 
 iquor first drawn off is naturally much 
 
 stronger than the subsequent liquid ; for, 
 
 as the beer sinks in the jar as it is drawn 
 
 [ off through the reed, more and more 
 
 water is added. This beer, when good, 
 
 is not unlike inferior cider ; at any 
 
 rate it is refreshing and acceptable 
 
 when you have nothing better to drink, 
 
 . especially after a long, weary, dusty march 
 
 over many hills. After a time all of 
 
 us took kindly to Yu, and, whenever 
 
 a Chin deputation came in, the Yu 
 
 A STIFF CLIMB. 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 45 
 
 gourds were always in great request. It is intoxicating stuff too, if you imbibe too 
 much of it, as some of us know from experience ; and it 
 is capable of giving you a head that you will remember ^# 
 for many a day. This is 
 complaint not unknown even 
 among the most veteran 
 Chin topers. They fre- 
 quently came to our camp 
 for medicine to cure their 
 heads — but they put it down 
 to fever ! Strange how we 
 all — savage and civilized alike- 
 try to find plausible excuses for 
 our little failings. 
 
 VILLAGE OF KLUNG-KLUNG — CAPITAL OF THE TK11SE OF THE SAME NAME. 
 
 l^ainy cueathei* experiences. 
 
 When the weather was threatening or rainy, we usually occupied a portion 
 M of the - '' ilwhouses in a village, the owners doubling up with 
 
 the ^k ^£>*, others. The houses, however, required a 
 
 )d deal of cleaning up before they 
 were habitable. A Chin 
 house is usually chock-full 
 of rubbish of all kinds, 
 chiefly huge wicker-baskets. 
 Then a plank or two have 
 to be taken out of the sides 
 to let in the light and air : 
 for there are no windows in 
 a Chin house, which is per- 
 fectly dark inside. The 
 
 VILLAGE OF MUNLIP1 (KLUNG-KU'NG). roQ f anc J W ^\\ S are black 
 
46 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 with cobwebs and 
 to the general 
 inside of a 
 is not a 
 place, 
 is lively 
 for it 
 swarm s 
 min of all 
 pigs and my 
 the house. The 
 the fowls and dogs 
 with the humans. 
 
 smoke and add 
 
 gloom. The 
 
 Chin house 
 
 c h e erful 
 
 though it 
 
 enough, 
 
 usually 
 
 with ver- 
 
 *W sorts. The 
 
 ^ thun live under 
 
 little piggies and 
 
 share the house 
 
 THE TAO GAP; OK THE PASS BETWEEN CHIN AND 
 LUSHAIEAND THROUGH WHICH THE ROAD PASSES. 
 
 The Baby cfies. 
 The verandah is the best part of the house and we usually slept in it, leaving 
 
 THE TAO MOUNTAIN. 
 
 the family undisturbed in the rest of the house. But they had not the same 
 consideration for us ; for about two or three o'clock in the morning the baby 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 47 
 
 would begin to cry, 
 babies, and the 
 would try to 
 ing what was 
 Chin lullaby, 
 what sound- 
 a dismal 
 certainly put 
 sleep, what- 
 might have had 
 
 as is the wont of 
 Chin mamma 
 quiet it by sing- 
 meant for a 
 no doubt, but 
 ed to us like 
 croaking and 
 an end to our 
 ever effect it 
 on the baby. 
 
 in his house. 
 
 We visit a Chief 
 
 The Political Offi- mH cer usually visits every 
 
 Chief in his house, '^^^^m^^^^ accompanied by one 
 
 or two officers, with a A ■> HOOM - OR CHIN CIEAK!NG FOK cultivation. sma u escort of sepoys 
 and a party of friendlies. Let me picture such a scene. On entering the house 
 
 the party is followed 
 by a crowd of odor- 
 ous Chins, who 
 troop in from the 
 neighbouring 
 houses, some 
 smoking strong 
 smelling rank to- 
 bacco in long bam- 
 boo pipes. A Chin 
 house usually con- 
 tains three large 
 rooms. The first is 
 sort of sitting-room, 
 open in front, where 
 guests are received. The walls of this room are usually decorated with trophies 
 
 THE BLUE MOUNTAIN. 
 
48 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 of the hunt and of raids, 
 which 
 
 A CHIN HKIDGE 
 
 drink Yu. The ground 
 the pigs and cattle are 
 thick black mire, and 
 often not much bet- a 
 this the Chins are 
 In the front yard 
 the raid-trophies 
 erects when he 
 cessful foray. A 
 looked upon as a 
 in war. They 
 the V.C.'s of our 
 trophies consist 
 board which is fix- 
 driven into the 
 boos are attached to 
 drooping ends of the 
 rudely shaped emblems 
 
 The second is the sleeping-room, in one corner of 
 there is a large fire-place round which 
 inmates sleep : and the third is 
 apartment where all the cooking 
 &i is done, and where the family 
 *4 generally lives. These rooms 
 open into one another by round 
 holes with a kind of sliding-door 
 to close each. To enter the front 
 room you have to ascend a raised 
 platform which occupies the whole of 
 one side of the enclosed yard in front of 
 every house. On this raised platform or balcony the 
 family sit during the day to talk, work, sleep, or 
 
 beneath the house, where 
 
 kept, is churned into 
 
 the yard in front is 
 
 ter. In spite of all 
 
 a very healthy race. 
 
 you will observe 
 
 { that every Chin 
 
 has made a suc- 
 
 raid trophy is 
 
 badge of prowess 
 
 correspond to 
 
 army. These 
 
 of a rudely carved 
 
 ed to some uprights 
 
 ground. Long bam- 
 
 the posts, and from the 
 
 bamboos are suspended 
 
 of birds and reptiles and 
 
 ,&. 
 
 m 
 
 U$r- 
 
 fer 
 
 
 ss 
 
 WITH THE ADVANCE-GUARD: " DHSHMEN HAI, SAHIB ! " 
 
z 
 
 o 
 
 h 
 
 p- 
 w 
 D 
 
 - 
 
 « I 
 o ° 
 
 6 
 
 i 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 49 
 
 other strange things. When the wind sweeps up the mountain-side, the bamboos 
 sway about and these wooden devices strike against one another, and at night 
 they sound like the rattling of d 
 as if they were coming to life again 
 to cry out for vengeance against 
 their murderers. But we have 
 wandered from our visit to the 
 Chief. Let us go back to the 
 house. In the front or recep- 
 tion-room is a raised sort of 
 dais in every big house, run- 
 ning across the whole breadtl 
 of the house. On this the guests '*>Vi 
 usually sit and talk. We enter and 
 sit down on this. Mats or mythun skins 
 are spread for our feet. The Chief and other headmen of the village squat round 
 
 mm* 
 
 A STIFF DESCENT. 
 
 
 us, and the rest of the 
 
 they 
 
 his jtSk 
 
 crowd deposit themselves wherever 
 it can find room. The Chief or 
 wife, the latter smoking the 
 usual pipe, now comes 
 | forward with a gourd of 
 || Yu and a drinking vessel 
 of lacquer, and the liquor 
 is poured out and handed 
 to the "Boipas" or sahibs, 
 who, to show that there is 
 no ill-feeling, must drink 
 the proffered cup. Even 
 if you dislike the stuff, 
 you must drink it, and look 
 pleased, and say, " Atah !" which means "excellent." A Chin thinks you a poor 
 creature indeed, if you can't appreciate the qualities of his Yu. Then the usual 
 
 CHIN DEPUTATION WAITING TO RECEIVE COLUMN. 
 
5° 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 presents of fowls, eggs, plantains and 
 cane are produced. Having drunk 
 and eaten a plantain or two, the 
 talking begins. This is accom- 
 panied by much gesticulation 
 and shouting. They are a very 
 excitable 
 lot and 
 
 GALLERY OF CHIN BEA 
 
 suck in the liquor through the reed, each 
 
 pint or so. The liquor is very gradually 
 
 and deliberately swallowed. It is rol- #M 
 
 led about in the mouth and 
 
 then allowed to trickle 4P*8P^ 
 
 down the throat, so as to §^^S% 
 
 give the drinker the full ^^ r< 
 
 ON THE MARCH: RECEIVING THE SUBMISSION OF A VILLAGE. 
 
 cannot speak without 
 jactitation, The Yu cups 
 circulate freely among the 
 crowd, who to save time 
 suck in the liquor from 
 the gourds. If a Yu jar 
 
 is on tap, which is usually 
 
 the case, the Chins take it 
 
 by turns to sit by it and 
 
 drinking a 
 
 
 benefit and bouquet of the 
 
 is usually It- 
 
 liquor. Yu 
 prepared from fermented 
 Indian corn and millet or 
 other grain. 
 
 RECEIVING A CHIN DEPUTATION 
 
 ON THE MARCH. 
 
HP VJ 
 
 i, \ » 
 
 iR35aa 
 
 
 ** < 
 
 3B 
 
 ls^ 
 
 ' I 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 
 sK , •■■'w 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 I 
 8 H 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 5i 
 
 A Chin takes the keenest interest in every instrument of war. The edges of 
 our swords are examined to see if they are sharp. He gives a little sniff of 
 
 POLITICAL OFFICER RECEIVING SUBMISSION OF TASHON CHIEFS ON THE MARCH. 
 
 contempt, if he finds they are not as keen as razors. Their own dahs and daggers 
 are always kept beautifully sharp. Fire-arms are what always fetch the Chins. 
 
 Their eager admiring looks, 
 are produced, indicate , 
 a good deal to be the 
 themselves. Taking 
 or shooting out the / 
 as a play to a Chin 
 exclamations of 
 tonishment are 
 ness. The wo- 
 from behind the 
 chinks in the 
 doubt, believe 
 
 
 *\m' A* 
 
 LITTLE CHIN GIRLS WATCHING ARRIVAL OF TROOPS 
 
 when our revolvers 
 that they would give 
 W possessors of such weapons 
 a shot-gun or revolver to pieces, 
 cartridges, is as good 
 audience. Their 
 wonder and as- 
 amusing to wit- 
 men - folk peep 
 door or through 
 boards, and, no 
 that the white 
 
 ■v »^ 
 
 strangers are performing some fearful feats of magic. The men are always keen 
 to see some shots fired. We give them an exhibition, but not always with success. 
 
52 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 However, to smash an egg with a shot-gun at fifty feet is a performance which 
 raises you tremendously in the estimation of a Chin ! 
 
 Our field-glasses 
 of their admiration, 
 the magnifying / 
 through the op- 
 duces ludicrous 
 and causing fire 
 glasses is also a 
 astonishment, 
 have to exhibit to 
 the besieging crowd 
 talking then goes on, 
 house produces a flask 
 
 THE BELLE OF THE VILLAGE. 
 
 come in for a share 
 Looking through 
 end and then 
 posite end pro- 
 bewilderment ; 
 by magnifying 
 source of endless 
 " These wonders we 
 each one in turn till 
 is satisfied. More 
 and the lady of the 
 of choice tobacco- 
 
 juice, decanted from her own pipe-bowl, which she politely offers us. Our 
 
 interpreter tells her we smok 
 drink the juice, although 
 tered at the compliment 
 us in offer- 
 elixir. This 
 pared by the 
 household in 
 Every wo- 
 smokes a 
 lower end of 
 chamber con- 
 into which 
 and liquid 
 bowl percol- 
 
 A FRIENDLY CHAT WITH CHINS. 
 
 but never 
 highly flat- 
 she has paid 
 ing us the 
 liquid is pre- 
 women of the 
 their pipes, 
 man and girl 
 pipe, at the 
 which is a 
 taining water, 
 the nicotine 
 from the pipe 
 ate. When 
 
 the solution is of sufficient strength, it is decanted into little gourds. This liquid 
 is largely consumed by Chins. They are always taking nips from these flasks, 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 53 
 
 nearly every Chin carrying a supply of the nauseous-looking stuff. Why they 
 
 are not poisoned by it 
 marches and on all 
 these tobacco- jA 
 just as much 
 tion as the 
 The Chin 
 therefore, 
 boonest of 
 pan ions, as 
 great virtues, 
 the capacity for con 
 much liquor and 
 
 is a mystery. On long 
 
 festive occasions, 
 
 bottles are 
 
 in requisi- 
 
 Yu jars. 
 
 ought, 
 
 to be the 
 
 boon com- 
 
 those two 
 
 namely, 
 
 suming 
 
 THE POLITICAL OFFICER RECEIVING A DEPUTATION OF CHINS IN CAMP. 1T1 11 C h 
 
 tobacco, he possesses in the highest degree ! When we have declined the 
 proffered honour, the tobacco-juice is passed round to the elders in the 
 crowd ; everyone takes a sip, and the bottle is handed back to the lady. 
 
 By this time the 
 Political Officer 
 has managed to 
 make the Chief 
 understand what 
 he wants done. 
 Our business end- 
 ed, we rise up and, 
 cautiously picking 
 our way over the 
 creaking and 
 rickety boards of 
 the balcony, we 
 leave the house 
 and return to 
 
 rHE POLITICAL OFFICER 
 
 camp, and so ends our visit. 
 
54 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 Captives refuse to be released. 
 
 In releasing Burmese 
 among the difficulties 
 this curious one — 
 fused to be re- 
 were chiefly 
 who had been 
 from Burma 
 young. They 
 grown up as 
 knew no Ian- 
 Chin, and had 
 upon the Chins 
 people. Such cap- 
 and scratched and 
 also swore, when the Poli 
 
 OBTAINING INFORMATION. 
 
 captives from the Chins, 
 
 that cropped up was 
 
 the captives re- 
 
 t leased ! These 
 
 girls and boys, 
 
 carried away 
 
 when very 
 
 had thus 
 
 Chins and 
 
 guage but 
 
 come to look 
 
 as their own 
 
 tives kicked and bit 
 
 cried, and no doubt 
 
 tical Officer attempted to 
 
 to their fond parents. Such 
 
 release them and give them 
 
 is human nature ! Sometimes the Chiefs had to be put in the Quarter-Guard 
 
 and kept there, till the villagers produced 
 
 the cap- ^m £&£«- ,Jk tives demanded. 
 
 R funeral party dis- 
 turbed. 
 
 In one of the columns 
 a funeral-party was per- 
 forming the last rites for 
 a dead comrade, when 
 the Chins, objecting to 
 • of their fields being 
 burial-ground, hurled 
 of stones at the 
 burial-party. They were, however, soon put to flight, and the interment completed 
 without further interference. 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 55 
 
 l^euus spread rapidly. 
 It is wonderful how quickly news get about in these hills. On one occasion 
 
 we heard th 
 capture was in 
 All plans were 
 and the village 
 rounded by 
 daybreak, 
 whole place 
 The missing 
 ever, was 
 but the vill- 
 elders were 
 at that hour 
 ing still sit- 
 carousing 
 Yu jars, 
 
 lportant 
 
 I ■■■■ 
 
 :hildken. 
 
 Chief we wanted to 
 
 ertain village. 
 
 carefully made, 
 
 was sur- 
 
 troops at 
 
 and the 
 
 EE searched. 
 
 Pi*w man, how- 
 
 aSS* not found, 
 
 age chiefs and 
 
 discovered 
 
 *&6i of the morn- 
 
 ||3£ ting up and 
 
 '<5$$e over their 
 
 and they 
 
 pretended to know nothing of the fugitive. We could only exclaim, " Better 
 luck next time! 
 as a dashing and 
 gallant young offi 
 cer sadly remarked 
 when he captured 
 what he believed 
 to be a large party 
 of hostile Chins, 
 but discovered to 
 his disgust, on bring- 
 ing them into camp, \ 
 that they were only 
 friendly Chin cool 
 ies who were coming 
 
 A CHIN HOUSE. 
 
 
56 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 in to carry rations for the column, and with the discovery all the visions of D.S.O's 
 and other honours faded from his sight ! 
 
 Chins and rupees and baftef . 
 
 found the Chins would 
 <&s to the rupee with 
 
 I&. head< The 
 
 E v e r y w h e we ^^tfflfl 
 
 have nothing to sa} 
 
 the Queen's A 
 
 only coin / w 
 
 peared to £ 
 
 genuine 
 
 Empress- 
 
 though 
 
 why they 
 
 of this idea 
 
 to say. Pro 
 
 coins they handled 
 
 the Empress superscrip- 
 
 silver coins too were THE fai.am war-chief's house. 
 
 times Chins brought in Queen-rupees which they offered to exchange for Empress 
 
 I. as an inducement, they threw in a few dozen eggs 
 bunch of plantains with each coin — offers which 
 
 men were not slow to 
 accept. Others offer- 
 ed four four-anna 
 pieces or two eight- 
 anna bits, with a 
 
 
 
 | ■ they a p - 
 
 
 - \ consider 
 
 
 was the 
 
 
 i£i- rupee : 
 
 • 
 
 [/' 
 
 how or 
 
 i y got hold 
 
 ( f . . 
 
 f f it is difficult 
 
 
 ,^ bably the first 
 
 
 were rupees with 
 
 tion on them. Small 
 
 at 
 
 a discount. Some- 
 
 HOWING 1'I.ATKOKMS AND I'AI.ISADES. 
 
 I handful of copper coin 
 thrown in, in exchange 
 for Empress rupees. The 
 Chin idea of the value of 
 money is very vague. He 
 will no doubt soon learn bet- 
 ter. A thanka or rupee is his 
 


The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 57 
 
 standard for everything he has to sell, whether it be a chicken, or a basket of 
 
 ^IjfC Jtejy beans, or a bunch of plantains, or a few eggs. 
 
 I 
 
 The Chin likes a gamey egg. 
 
 On one occasion the 
 Chins sold us some eggs, 
 and on breaking a few we 
 found them addled. These 
 were thrown away ; but the 
 Chins carefully picked them 
 up and put them into their 
 bags, reserving them, no 
 doubt, as bonnes bouches for 
 future use ! 
 
 RAID-TROPHIES AT TUNZAN, PUT UP IN HONOUR OF THE 
 MURDER OF LIEUT. STEWART. 
 
 pletely. All eggs they brought in were dropped 
 into a basin of water to test them. So in the 
 usual manner one day the servant bought a 
 batch of eggs after testing them in the water. 
 But imagine his disgust when he afterwards 
 found that the Chin had boiled the eggs — 
 which were all bad — and so they had sunk 
 in the water and deceived him ! 
 
 The Chin is not a fool. 
 The Chin is not such a fool as he looks. 
 He has been known to sell to Burmans and 
 others on the frontier solid slabs of beeswax, 
 which the purchasers afterwards discovered 
 to be straw or mud covered over with a layer 
 of wax ! Sometimes they have received a 
 
 Another time the guile- 
 less Chin took us in com- 
 
 A CHIN CHIEF AND HIS WIFE IN GALA COSTUME. 
 
5» 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 Roland for an Oliver in the shape of silvered copper coin. But on such occasions 
 
 K 
 
 they have gone to the Civil Officer with the false coin and he has usually replaced 
 it with good coin, and so they at all events have never suffered. 
 
 The Chin 
 
 When we 
 these hills, j 
 many re- 
 garding 
 clothing 
 
 the Chin 
 
 We have 
 
 nearly pene- 
 
 corner of 
 
 but we have 
 
 across the Chin 
 
 got nodings on." The 
 
 who only wore a piece TH 
 
 mythical. On the contrary, the Chin 
 
 reference to the pictures will 
 
 dirty and ugly race as a 
 
 women were the only 
 
 who went about with 
 
 covered. 
 
 The Boang« 
 
 The whole of 
 Tashons and Yahows 
 Lunnoos and oth 
 classed as Boung-*> 
 Burmese term ap 
 who wear their hair 
 
 YU JARS. 
 
 ladies 
 
 CHINS DRINKING YU. 
 
 Liadies. 
 
 ^ first came up into 
 there were 
 ports re- 
 the scanty 
 worn by 
 women, 
 now pretty 
 W trated every 
 %< these hills, 
 never come 
 ladies " vot hadn't 
 story about the females 
 of board is quite 
 dress very decently indeed, as a 
 how. They are, however, a 
 hole. The Tashon 
 ones we came across 
 their bosoms un- 
 
 shays. 
 
 the Chins, from the 
 in the North to the 
 the south, may be 
 shays. This is a 
 plied to the Chins 
 dressed in a knot in 
 
< I 
 O 3 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 59 
 
 the front of their heads, the knot being rolled round with a strip of cloth. This 
 form ^g^ fc^^ of head-dress is affected by all the great tribes men- 
 
 tioned above. The Siyins and Kan- 
 hows farther north wear their hair 
 made up into a knot at the back 
 of the head like a small 
 chignon. The Siyins in ad- 
 dition ornament their heads 
 with two small plaits worn 
 above each temple. This man- 
 ner of head-dress gives these 
 two tribes a much less manly 
 appearance than the hill-men 
 of the south. 
 
 MAKING FRIENDS WITH TI 
 
 Jlocu thfee old uuitehes put out a fife. 
 On one occasion we were quartered in a village. We had had 
 round which we had spent the evening, and at the 
 turned into our beds in a Chin house, 
 some time when all sounds had died A 
 out, three old hags, to whom the A 
 house we were occupying evi- JH 
 dently belonged, cautiously crept flB 
 out of the darkness and sat down ^H 
 round the smouldering fire. Their wraj 
 idea, apparently, was to put out the I 
 fire, lest a wind should spring up at jjgjJJ| 
 night and blow the sparks about ^ftS 
 and set the village in flames. Each 
 ancient dame had a vessel of water with 
 her. But apprehensive, no doubt, that if they threw the whole of the water 
 suddenly on the fire, it would produce a noise and disturb the boipas, and they 
 
 AMUSING THE CHINS. 
 
6o 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 would thus incur their 
 dames took mouthfuls 
 squirted it on to the 
 The jets of water 
 great precision, and 
 ceeded in putting 
 the least noise, 
 of satisfaction thev 
 into the darkness, 
 the show from our 
 comical the whole 
 
 The Chins and 
 
 From long continued 
 expert in aiming with his 
 of constantly chewing or 
 salivary secretions are always very profuse. They have no spittoons, but the 
 cracks in the floors of their houses answer just as well. The unerring way they 
 aim is quite wonderful to ^ ^ " :%> ■ -^.^. v .. watch. When a Chin sits 
 
 down to talk to you, he .^J always selects a spot 
 
 near which there is ^ S<Mb. a convenient crack ! 
 
 CHIN WOMEN SMOKING. 
 
 displeasure, the old bel- 
 of water and very gently 
 smouldering embers, 
 were aimed with 
 very soon they sue- 
 out the fire without 
 Then with a croak 
 disappeared again 
 We quietly watched 
 beds, and very 
 thing appeared. 
 
 theit* spittoons. 
 
 practice the Chin is very 
 mouth. From their habit 
 smoking rank tobacco, their 
 
 flocu the 
 
 We once 
 Chin engaged 
 child's head, 
 knotted into 
 The shaving was 
 piece of hoop- 
 ened. To facili- 
 t h e ope rator 
 
 
 AM' THEIK 
 
 Chin shaves. 
 
 came upon a 
 
 in shaving his 
 
 The hair was 
 
 lumps with dirt. 
 
 done with a 
 
 iron finely sharp- 
 
 tate the process, 
 
 every now and 
 
 again expectorated on the child's head and rubbed the spittle and dirt up into a 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 61 
 
 kind of lather, and then went on with the operation. The rest of the family sat 
 round looking on admiringly at the skill of the operator! 
 
 Iiegend of the 
 
 In the Klung- 
 heard a curious 
 one of the villages, 
 that years and 
 of white strangers 
 ed on the hills, 
 men wherever 
 but eventually 
 tied down in the 
 gen. Here they 
 with their neigh- 
 years, and then 
 suddenly as they 
 village is a cave 
 the strange visitors 
 be kept, which 
 venerate. We 
 ly, unable to visit 
 vil 1 age. The 
 
 THE ONLY BURMESE CAPTIVE RELEASED BV THE TASHON 
 COLUMN, AND HER GALLANT RESCUER. 
 
 PURCHASING EGGS FROM CHINS. 
 
 LUhite fllen. 
 
 Klung country we 
 legend regarding 
 The story runs 
 years ago a party 
 suddenly appear- 
 defeating the hill- 
 they met them ; 
 some of them set- 
 village of Shurn- 
 lived at peace 
 bours for nine 
 disappeared as 
 came. Near this 
 in which relics of 
 are still said to 
 the Chins greatly 
 were, unfortunate- 
 this interesting 
 Chins say that 
 before leaving the 
 white men prophesied that they would 
 come again, and they believe that we 
 have come into their hills in fulfilment 
 of that prediction. They also believe 
 that we too, after nine years, will sud- 
 H denly disappear like the strangers of 
 old. Another argument they adduce 
 against our remaining permanently in 
 ■ these hills, is that we have not brought 
 
62 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 our women-folk with us 
 not live without wo- 
 strangers too must 
 own country." 
 
 R liegend 
 
 Before the 
 was built, the 
 was at Old 
 mile west of the 
 polis. The old 
 hung by a frowning « 
 the projecting crags* 
 attribute deraottl 
 The mountain is, there- , 
 luma." We, however, 
 of the rocks the demon 
 but we were told it re- 
 
 
 HAKA BELLES. 
 
 "Man," they say, "can- 
 men ; and so these 
 
 soon return to their 
 
 of Falam. 
 
 present village 
 Tashon capital 
 Falam, about a 
 present metro- 
 village is over- 
 rocky mountain, to 
 of which the Chins 
 I shapes and forms, 
 fore, called the " Be- 
 failed to discover in any 
 shapes attributed to them ; 
 quired a good deal of Yu 
 
 From a 
 female 
 
 to enable one to see these strange things properly — and that was probably true. 
 
 cave amid these crags a beautiful 
 
 hfej appeared when someone was 
 
 to die in the village. At 
 
 i first she appeared but 
 
 L infrequently ; but after 
 
 I a time the beautiful 
 
 i damsel's visits became 
 
 very frequent, and in 
 
 alarm the Tashons aban- 
 
 y^ doned the place, and 
 
 built the fine new 
 
 village of Falam, 
 
 MINLAYDAUNG CHINS 
 
 since which time they have enjoyed uninterrupted prosperity. 
 
Jf*n 
 
 I *T"Ti S 
 
 
 *> 
 
 . Mi 1 
 
 i-JA . ;■•■• - :>l , \ 
 
 lift * 
 
 V'& v& 
 
 ft 
 
 Kl 
 
 
 ^fROT L ^ ,,u 
 
 lili' 
 
 »fr T ' ' 
 
 li 
 
 ^ 
 
 & 
 
 ffit&ft 
 
 
 
M 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 63 
 
 R Chat about the 
 
 The Political 
 a party of friendly 
 or sons of chiefs, 
 them from other 
 strip of red cloth 
 From this cir- 
 were known in 
 lalpuggri - wal- 
 also known un- 
 designations of 
 "P. O.'s body- 
 lars," " friendlies," 
 They accompanied all 
 often rendered very 
 service. They were a fine 
 and sturdy, and one or 
 handsome. They were 
 in the matter of drink they were a match 
 generally took the deputations, that 
 to submit, under their wing 
 and introduced them to the j£ 
 Political Officer — and 
 consumed most of the „~ 
 Yu. 
 
 Pork they had ga 
 lore, for every deputation 
 brought in several J&m\$ 
 pigs, sometimes aliv 
 and squeaking, and 
 sometimes roasted whole and skewered on a 
 
 A BOUNGSHAY CHIEF IN COMPLETE 
 WAR-PAINT. 
 
 Chin Friendlies. 
 
 Officer had with him 
 Chins, mostly chiefs 
 I To distinguish 
 Chins they wore a 
 round their hair, 
 cumstance they 
 the columns as 
 las. They were 
 der the various 
 " Chin police," 
 guard," " irregu- 
 and " Chin militia." 
 3 the expeditions, and 
 useful and important 
 lot of men, well set-up 
 two were remarkably 
 excellent foragers ; and 
 for any man in these hills. They 
 
 came in 
 
 THE WUNTOO CHIEFS AND THEIR HOUSEHOLD — THESE CHIEFS ARE GREAT NIMRODS. 
 
 bamboo. Their method of killing 
 
64 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 a pig was as follows. The struggling, squealing 
 while a third takes 
 the sharp bamboo 
 skewer he wears in 
 his hair and delib- 
 erately introduces 
 it into the animal's 
 chest, feeling his 
 way, as it were, as 
 he penetrates 
 deeper. Having 
 gone far enough, 
 he proceeds to 
 work the skewer 
 about till he pierces 
 the heart. In the 
 meantime the wretched pig has been making 
 
 animal is held down by two men, 
 
 CHINS IN MONSOON COSTUME. 
 
 HEAD-QUARTER CAMP AT FALAM (TASHON). 
 
 the place re-echo with his death- 
 screams. As the 
 skewer does its 
 work, the noise 
 becomes fainter 
 and yet more faint, 
 and at last, after a 
 quarter of an hour's 
 
 j suffering, piggy bids 
 a long farewell to 
 the little joys his 
 
 | kind can know in 
 this world. The 
 
 ■"^^bSeS great object of the 
 
 Chin is not to lose 
 a drop of the 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 65 
 
 1' 
 
 \ 
 
 ^y''^V 
 
 blood. The entrails are then removed, and 
 the animal is roasted whole on a big fire 
 in his skin. He is then cut up and distri- 
 buted ; and the relish with which the Chins 
 fall to on the roast flesh reminds one of the 
 [ delightful story of Elia's Chinese swine-herd 
 and the roast pig. 
 
 Iiots of drink. 
 
 IN THE CAMP OF THE FRIENDLIES : 
 
 The Chin militia had a high old 
 t 
 j* time of it all through. The Yu was 
 
 unlimited, and at almost every village 
 they had a drinking-bout. Rollicking 
 by nature, they delighted in a lark so long 
 as it was not at their own expense. We 
 were often much amused by the pranks they played on their fellow-tribesmen. 
 Sometimes they came and sat with us round 01 
 
 and with a few nods 
 grunts and motions 
 the hands we were 
 able to carry on 
 quite an interest- 
 ing conversation. 
 They picked up 
 most of our 
 names and i 
 rattled them I 
 off. If a 
 Chin wishes 
 to express 
 his pleasure, he embraces you or strokes 
 you gently. We had sometimes to submit 
 
 THREE GENERATIONS OF CHINS. 
 
 KEPARING THEIR FOOD. 
 
66 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 to this ordeal. The embracing is embarrassing, especially if the gentleman who 
 is so demonstrative is a bit high, as they invariably are ! When you visit a Chin 
 
 A YAHOW HOUSE. 
 
 house, the old ladies too, but not the young ones unfortunately, stroke you to show 
 their admiration for the white men. 
 
 Their* funny names. Their gunpouuder, ballets, and guns. 
 
 Some of these Chiefs had very funny-sounding 
 names. The reader would call them indecent, if they 
 were written down here. 
 
 They were all excellent | ^"■'iad$£i 
 
 shots. A Chin never | 
 failed to bring down a 
 mythun at the first shot, 
 while our men took many 
 shots, and even then the 
 animal sometimes escaped. All 
 these Chins are armed with old 
 Tower flint-locks. They make 
 their own gunpowder. Wei 
 
 I.ONGI.EK CHINS (KLt'NG-KLT'NG.) 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 6 7 
 
 frequently passed the sulphur-factories of villages : these consisted of wooden 
 troughs or wicker-baskets chock-full of a large variety of bean, sunk in the streams ; 
 and from the decomposition of these beans they get their sulphur. We could 
 
 HAKA CHIEFS. 
 
 ■ 
 
 always tell when we were approaching these places, by the smells that assailed us. 
 
 The Chins are not particular what they use as bullets : pieces of telegraph- 
 wire, pebbles, or bits of iron beaten into squares answer their purposes just 
 as well. The barrels of their guns are what they value most. Most of the 
 
68 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 other parts they make themselves. The Chiefs' guns are usually very beautifully 
 
 lacquered. 
 
 They are big feeders. 
 
 These " friendlies " were great feeders ; and so, indeed, are all Chins. They 
 
 were always eating. They put away a large quantity 
 
 of food three times a day regularly. 
 
 On the march, when we halted, 
 
 4 we would often see them spread 
 
 out a huge cloth, on which 
 
 they would pile up a mountain 
 
 of boiled millet and a mass of 
 
 boiled eggs, with great junks of 
 
 boiled or roast pork. Round 
 
 . this pile thev would sit, and 
 
 I soon demolish it. Then a 
 
 I copious draught of water, and 
 
 they were ready for anything. 
 
 ■■■■■■■■■■ 
 
 GROUP OF SIYIN CHINS. 
 
 The Tashons at»e the most eivilized. 
 Of all the Chins, the 
 Tashons are the most civil- 
 ized. In the houses of their 
 Chiefs we found oil-lamps 
 made of earthenware — things 
 we had never come across in 
 any other village. The Chins, I 
 as a rule, sit round their fires, '£ 
 and that is the only illumina- 
 tion they have in their soot- 
 begrimed houses. Round 
 these fires, too, they hold 
 their drinking orgies. 
 
 CAI'T. KCNDAI.L INTERVIEWING KANHOW CHIEFS. 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 6 9 
 
 Theif midnight opgies. 
 
 These nocturnal 
 for many things, 
 
 near involving 
 
 sepoys in a 
 but for the 
 
 action of 
 ical Offi- 
 was r e - 
 to a post 
 small escort 
 and his body- 
 lies. He arrived 
 where he had to pass 
 occupied the Chief's 
 course, was made the 
 
 THE FOLITICAL OFFICER AND HIS " FRIENDLIES, 
 OR CHIN MILITIA. 
 
 orgies were accountable 
 
 and once they came 
 
 an escort of 
 
 battle royal, 
 
 prompt 
 
 the Polit- 
 
 cer. He 
 
 turning 
 
 with a 
 
 Wof ten sepoys 
 
 guard of friend- 
 
 ^r at a large village, 
 
 the night. As usual, he 
 
 house. The event, of 
 
 occasion for a big drink. 
 
 The Chief and his people and the friendlies drank deeply and freely, sitting round 
 the fire. At first they were a most convivial party, and everything went on 
 smoothlv ; but, as the stuff rose to their heads, thev began to discuss and argue 
 
 about many matters, and 
 
 len words rose high and 
 
 finally they fell to blows. 
 
 The villagers were becoming 
 
 very excited, and very little 
 
 more would have induced 
 
 them to rush for their arms 
 
 and make an attack on the 
 
 I Officer and his sepoy escort. 
 
 ■ The former, who was asleep, 
 
 I or had been trying to sleep, 
 
 I in an adjoining room, rushed 
 
 out on hearing the noise and, 
 
 GROUP OF TASHON AND YAHOW CHIEFS. 
 
7o 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 grasping the situation, promptly collared the malcontents and placed them 
 
 under guard for the 
 an unpleasant situa- 
 kept the Chiefs well 
 night, and they were 
 for the good behaviour 
 lage, till the little 
 morning. The night's 
 had resulted in not a 
 
 R "friendly" 
 into his 
 
 Oneofthefriend- 
 against the Chief of a 
 appeared that a long 
 to the offending vil- 
 goats. But the Chief 
 money and guns, and 
 
 
 w> ymFTw^ 
 
 TUNNELLED ENTRANCE TO A BOUNGSHAY VILLAGE. 
 
 rest of the night. It was 
 2* tion. However, he 
 Bb under his eye all 
 retained as hostages 
 of the rest of the vil- 
 party left early next 
 escapade, however, 
 few broken heads. 
 
 takes the laui 
 ooun hands. 
 
 lies had a grievance 
 certain village. It 
 time ago he had gone 
 lage to purchase some 
 had eased him of his 
 shown him the way 
 
 back to his own village — but without the goats. When the column reached this 
 
 village, the 
 his respects, 
 believed his 
 come to have 
 As soon as the 
 into camp, 
 sprang on 
 seized and 
 hand and 
 caused the 
 sternation 
 Chief's fol- 
 bounded up 
 
 as usual came to the camp to pay 
 The aggrieved friendly 
 opportunity had now 
 vengeance. 
 Chief came 
 the friendly 
 him and 
 bound him 
 foot. This 
 greatest con- 
 am o n g the 
 >wers, who 
 the hill like 
 
 CHIN BREAST-WORK ON A MOUNTAIN FATH. 
 
< * 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 7J 
 
 so many antelopes. They thought it was some a 
 deep-laid plot to compass their destruction 
 When we learned what all the excitement 
 was about, the Political Officer had the 
 utmost difficulty by dint of much 
 shouting and yelling in calming the 
 fears of the runaways, and inducing 
 them to trust themselves to the camp 
 again. Their Chief was at once set 
 
 OUR ARTIST SHOWING A SKETCH TO CHINS, WHICH 
 THEY PROMPTLY RUBBED OUT ! 
 
 free. The friendly who had taken the law into 
 
 his own hands in this way, and who no doubt 
 
 thought he had a perfect right to do so, was 
 
 promptly put into durance vile, and, being 
 
 a high and mighty Chief in his own right, and 
 
 a trusty policeman by the grace of the Political 
 
 Officer, this was great ignominy. However, a 
 
 cold night under the stern eye of the British 
 
 Ife sentry no doubt brought home to his mind the 
 
 ■^ fact that, if he had any disputes, he must take 
 
 IN CAMP : BARGAINING WITH CHINS. 
 
 them to the white Chief for settlement, as 
 that was in future to be the new order 
 of things in the land. Subsequently 
 the dispute was arranged to the satis- 
 faction of both parties. 
 
 They object to being sketched. 
 The Chins are very superstitious and^ 
 believe in the evil eye. They strongly 
 objected to being sketched. Our artist 
 
 A ROW IN CAMP. 
 
72 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 DYNAMITING FISH : LIGHTING THE FUSE. 
 
 once made a very beautiful sketch of two fine-looking Chins and handed his 
 
 book to the men, 
 
 imagining that they 
 
 would admire their 
 
 own portraits. 
 
 They looked at it 
 
 for a while, turning 
 
 it round in all 
 
 directions, and 
 
 finally, when they 
 
 grasped what it 
 
 meant, one of the 
 
 men quietly mois- 
 tened his finger 
 
 with the tip of his 
 
 tongue and smear- 
 ed the sketch out, before the disgusted artist could stop him. Then with a smile 
 
 that was child-like 
 and bland he 
 handed back the 
 book and simply 
 said, u Ata/i/o" 
 which means 
 "bad." 
 
 The Camera 
 alarms them. 
 
 Neither did 
 
 they like being 
 
 photo graphed. 
 
 j When they were 
 
 told what it meant, 
 
 DYNAMITING FISH ! THE EXPLOSION. 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 73 
 
 they scampered away in great fright like an alarmed flock of sheep. The only 
 way was to take 
 them unawares. 
 Once, in a distant 
 village, we had 
 erected the camera 
 and arranged 
 everything nicely, 
 but, when the shut- 
 ter was snapped, 
 the Chins fled in 
 all directions, be- 
 lieving it to be some 
 kind of diabolical 
 machine ; and no- 
 thing WOuld induce DYNAMITING FISH : COLLECTING THE FISH. 
 
 them to approach the camera again. In other places, however, where the people 
 
 were not so wild, 
 the image on the 
 ground glass was 
 a source of great 
 wonder and admir- 
 ation to them. 
 
 Stockades and 
 Tunnels. 
 
 In the Boung- 
 I shay country all 
 £ the villages have 
 m stockades and tun- 
 nelled entrances. 
 The villages are 
 
 DYNAMITING FISH : EVERYONE HELPS TO GATHER THE FISH. 
 
74 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 usually on the slopes of hills, rarely at a lower altitude than three or four thousand 
 feet, and their water-supply is brought down from the springs above by wooden 
 aqueducts. The Klung-Klungs usually have their villages perched on the summit 
 of ridges, and trust to their inaccessible position for their defence. They therefore 
 have to go down for their water. Except Falam, none of the Tashon or Yahow 
 villages have defences of any kind. The houses of the great tribes are all very 
 substantially built of fir and pine-wood. As you approach the Lushai border, 
 however, the houses are of a more temporary nature, and are mainly built of 
 bamboo and grass. 
 
 The most 
 Years and 
 the most power 
 ruled the 
 passed, and 
 
 pocuefful Tribes. 
 
 years ago the Kanhows were 
 
 X ful of all the tribes, and 
 
 '^vNS*-- roost: then their day 
 
 became su- 
 but, when 
 into the 
 the supre- 
 the Hakas 
 and the 
 had come 
 front. And 
 
 he Hakas 
 preme ; 
 we came 
 country, 
 macy of 
 had faded, 
 Tashons 
 to the 
 
 THE LAST BOTTLE OF WHISKY ! — THERE IS ONLY ONE PEG ! WHO'S TO HAVE IT ? ft [§ Said 
 
 that, had we not come, the Tashons in turn would have given place to the Yahows, 
 who at the time were carrying everything before them. Now let us hope the 
 hatchet will be buried, and peace and good order will reign over all the land. 
 
 They at»e Suspieious. 
 The Chins are very suspicious. Often, when they came to sit by our fire, we 
 offered them food. They would take the morsel in the tips of their fingers and 
 smell it very cautiously. Then they would turn it round and smell it again, much 
 as a monkey would do. Then they would break it and smell it again. After that 
 it was very cautiously applied to the tip of the tongue, and, if it did not suit 
 
5 8 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 75 
 
 their refined palates, they screwed up their faces, spat on the ground, and 
 handed the stuff back with the intimation that it was " Atahlo " — bad! Sugar, 
 gour, salt, and rum were what they mainly appreciated. 
 
 t^oekets. 
 
 Sometimes we had to send up signal-rockets to communicate with other 
 columns. These made a profound impression on the savages. The roar of 
 astonishment that burst from them as they watched the rockets hissing up into 
 the heavens, was like the sound of many waters. They believed we accomplished 
 all this by the agency of Nats. 
 
 Dynamit- 
 
 Dynamiting 
 
 fetched them 
 someth ing 
 water ; 
 lows a lit- 
 and behold! 
 come up 
 numbers, 
 If they £ 
 that, how 
 save them ! 
 
 AFTERNOON' TEA IN CAMP. 
 
 ing pish. 
 
 fish also greatly 
 "You throw 
 into the 
 then fol- 
 tle splash, 
 the f i sh 
 dead in 
 How simple ! 
 could only do 
 much trouble it would 
 Here were these strangers 
 
 who secured all the best fish in a few minutes without the least trouble, while 
 they took days and days to catch a few fish in spite of all their traps and snares." 
 
 So thought our friends the Chins. 
 
 The fiat and the Godfather. 
 
 The Chins are demon — or Nat-worshippers. Each household has got its own 
 special Nat. On one occasion a woman who did not exactly know who the father 
 of her child was, and was consequently uncertain under the protection of whose 
 Nat her brat would come, thought she would settle the matter satisfactorily by 
 
76 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 asking the Political Officer to become the Nat-father of her child ! From a 
 Chin point of view, we were told, this was considered a great compliment. 
 
 The Chin Character. 
 
 The Chin appears to be affectionate and domesticated enough, when occasion 
 
 requires. We have often come across a fond Chin father nursing the baby ; and 
 
 they have frequently come into camp with babies tied on their backs. Mr. 
 
 Macnabb thinks " they are a queer and singular race, combining many of the 
 
 BURMESE CAPTIVES RELEASED FROM THE CHINS. 
 
 more attractive qualities of the Burman with the deceit and vindictiveness of the 
 Pathan. On the whole, however, they are a manly race and an independent one, 
 and, as such, command respect." The population of the country is very con- 
 siderable. Indeed, the number of inhabitants in these hills quite astonished us. 
 
 The Chin as a Bargainer. 
 
 Bargaining with a Chin required a good deal of diplomacy. It was often a 
 
 source of great fun to us. They were very unconfiding, and would on no account 
 
 part with anything till the thanka or rupee was placed in their hands. With one 
 
 hand the Chin would hold the article he had for sale concealed in his basket, or 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 77 
 
 under his dirty rags. This he would partly disclose and let you look at from a 
 distance, but not handle. The other hand he held out to the intending purchaser ; 
 and, when the latter deposited the coin therein, then he would hand over the 
 article to you and not before. If the amount one offered did not satisfy him, he 
 simply gave a little sneeze of contempt and politely turned his back on you. The 
 children of the hills, however, always set a very high value on their own goods. 
 They considered a fowl or a few eggs good enough to give in exchange for any- 
 thing you had. What, however, had the greatest value in their eyes were our 
 brass uniform-buttons, which they were ', tM&AmM^^y^Y keen on pos- 
 
 sessing. These they made into neck- ^^jjl |^laces for them- 
 
 selves or ^^| ^k their wives. 
 
 With a ton ^r^0 t lor so of 
 
 brass but- 1 ! tons one 
 
 could get I «g on very 
 
 comfort- I I ably on 
 
 these hills. J At first 
 
 empty bul-l li-beef and 
 
 biscuit-tins I I had a cer- 
 
 tain value I I i n t h e i r 
 
 eyes 
 
 and 
 
 VILLAGE OF SHURKWA, AFTERWARDS BURNT. 
 
 they gave 
 yams in 
 But the 
 
 beans or | 
 exchange. 
 
 'cute savages soon found out they could get these things for nothing by waiting. 
 For if they did not buy them, the troops had to throw them away, as they could 
 not carry empty tins about. As soon as the column marched out of camp, the 
 Chins, who hung about the outskirts, would rush in and gather up all the rubbish ; 
 and eventually they would set the camp on fire. Somebody suggested they did 
 this for sanitary reasons ! But we suspect it was done to get rid of all traces of 
 the hated strangers from the neighbourhood of their villages. 
 
 The piuendlies and the Plantains. 
 The Chin militia gave one of these hard bargainers a good lesson once. A 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 Chin had prowled round the camp with a basket of plantains for sale. But, as 
 his prices were high, he had found no purchasers ; so he strolled into the camp 
 of the friendlies, hoping to do business with his own countrymen, no doubt. These 
 strapping, sturdy, young fellows were a devil-may-care set of semi-savages, and 
 always ready for a lark. Before the Chin with his basket of plantains could say 
 Jack Robinson, or whatever the equivalent is in Chin, the friendlies sprang on 
 him and emptied his basket in no time. Then they tossed the bewildered man 
 about from one to the other, and soon nothing was left of the few rags in which 
 
 he had been clothed 
 and, tapping the 
 fixed him with <f|l 
 spoke to 
 "O foolish J 
 hills! you 
 character 
 low tribes- 
 
 want a thing, 
 
 -V 
 
 
 »kt isrin<;i\(; in en 
 
 An old patriarchal Chin now came up 
 man on the shoulder, 
 his stern eye and 
 him thus: — 
 > child of the 
 I know the 
 of your fel- 
 men. If they 
 they take it, 
 means if they 
 it by fair ! It 
 ish of you 
 here to sell 
 tains. Don't 
 
 by foul 
 can't get 
 was fool- 
 to come 
 your plan- 
 do it again ! But show me the man who took your plantains, and I'll see if I can 
 restore them to you." He said this with a scowl at the shivering man, while 
 with one eye he winked round on the grinning friendlies as much as to say, 
 " Doesn't he wish he may get them ! " The Chin, however, thought he had had 
 enough of this game and so waited to hear no more, but, gathering up the shreds 
 of his rags, slunk off into the jungle. Some of us were spectators of this scene 
 from a distance, and it was fully as good as a bit from a Christmas pantomime. 
 
 The Chins Despateh their Enemies Promptly. 
 We never heard any stories showing that the Chins treated their enemies 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 79 
 
 cruelly. Their method of treating an enemy was at all events expeditious. 
 They waited for him behind a tree and shot him, or, if he was captured, his throat 
 was cut. But they have never resorted to torture and cruelty. 
 
 village 
 
 The Blood-peud. 
 
 The blood-feud is the Chin's universal method of avenging murder. The 
 opposing factions go on shooting one another, whenever they get the chance, and 
 thus the feuds become interminable. When a Chin slays his enemy, the event, 
 as usual, is celebrated with feasting and drinking, and a raid-trophy is erected. 
 It is a proud and happy moment for a Chin when he kills an hereditary foe ; 
 he boasts of the events, and is considered quite 
 
 a hero in his own 
 following inci- 
 trates this, 
 column was 
 through avil- 
 Political 
 noticed a 
 rai d-t rophy 
 who had put it up. 
 body replied that so 
 was the hero. And 
 
 * 
 
 %!-. 
 
 UCRN1NG OF TI'NZAN, WHERE STEWART'S HEAD WAS FOIMi 
 
 The 
 
 dent i 1 1 u s- 
 
 While the 
 
 passing 
 
 lage, the 
 
 Officer 
 
 brand new 
 
 and asked 
 
 §F£b Every- 
 
 W& and so 
 
 the hero 
 
 himself, a relative of the Chief's, came forward and proudly declared that he had 
 had the honour of putting up the trophy, and that he was the fortunate individual 
 who had been privileged to wipe the blood-stain from off his house and family. 
 Then he related how the man he had slain had been an hereditary enemy of his, 
 and how he had gone down to his village, waylaid, and shot him, and so his 
 conscience was now free ; and he looked round triumphantly, believing his recital 
 had produced a deep impression on the crowd. The villages of both factions 
 were now under our control, and the authorities were desirous that these blood- 
 feuds should be put an end to. A beginning had to be made some time or other, 
 although it might appear hard on the first few cases. The man was, therefore, 
 
8o 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 arrested, and, much to his astonishment, was informed that such actions could no 
 longer be tolerated ; that we considered it murder, and would punish the culprits 
 accordingly. However, to stamp out effectually the blood-feud, which has been 
 a law unto the Chins ever since they can remember, will be a matter of time. This 
 man was subsequently tried and condemned to a period of imprisonment in Burma. 
 
 Theitf Graves. 
 
 The Chins bury 
 own yards. At Fa- 
 graves in the yards 
 little thatched 
 C h i e f s' houses 
 stone - and - cement 
 ed like vaults, in 
 Chiefs slept their 
 other village had 
 such tombs. Peo- 
 deaths are buried 
 In such places they 
 posts, surmounted 
 mals, and with slabs 
 These are usually 
 villages and near ^ 
 they also serve a^ 
 
 tVip travpllpr ran Qit ^*-* 
 
 LliC LiavcilCl ^CUJ. OIL JAHOOTA, THE PRESENT KLUNG-KLUNG CHIEF, 
 
 AND HIS RELATIVES. 
 
 and rest. When you 
 
 posts, you can always tell a village is in the neighbourhood. 
 
 their dead in their 
 
 lam we found the 
 
 covered over with 
 
 sheds, and in the 
 
 there were solid 
 
 places which look- 
 
 which the departed 
 
 long sleep. In no 
 
 we come across 
 
 pie who die violent 
 
 outside the village. 
 
 erect rudely carved 
 
 by skulls of ani- 
 
 of stone below. 
 
 at the entrances of 
 
 >hady trees, and 
 
 esting-places, where 
 
 down in the shade 
 
 come across these 
 
 The manner of arranging these posts varies with each tribe, as a reference to 
 the photographs will show. They are most plentiful in the southern Boungshay 
 country. Sometimes, at the entrances of villages, we came across recent graves 
 of men killed during raids. Such graves were surrounded by a wooden palisade, to 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 81 
 
 which were attached the skulls of animals killed by the deceased. In the centre 
 of the enclosure is a post, on which are hung the deceased's rain-coat, pipe, water 
 gourd and other articles he used during his lifetime. At the foot of the post are 
 vessels of water and food, so that, should the departed spirit return hungry and 
 thirsty, he could eat and drink, and then go away satisfied and not haunt the 
 village. From one of these posts we found suspended a human scalp and a pair 
 of ears, the property of an enemy of the deceased, whom he had slain before he 
 met with his own end. 
 
 The Tipsy Chief. 
 
 On one oc 
 column arrived 
 village, from 
 shots sud- 
 " Halloa ! 
 going to 
 the thought 
 to each of 
 soon found' 
 big feast on \n 
 funeral or a mar- 
 the villagers were 
 
 ON THE look-oi;t for the other column. 
 
 casion the 
 before a large 
 which several 
 denly rang out. 
 Is the village 
 fight?" was 
 that occurred 
 us. But we 
 there was a 
 — either a 
 riage — and all 
 drunk ! Pre- 
 
 sently the old Chief appeared with his retinue, all far gone. The Chief was just 
 able to keep on his pins, but to show his joy at our arrival he broke into a 
 fantastic dance, a roll down the hill now and again not in the least cooling his 
 ardour. Finally he lifted up his voice and welcomed us to his village, as with 
 red, bleary eyes and dripping mouth he grinned into each of our faces ; and 
 finally, much to the amusement of the whole column, he wound up by embracing 
 the Commanding Officer and then in turn the others, all of whom he stroked 
 like so many cats. His attentions at last became so overpowering that we had 
 to get the old man removed from camp. 
 
82 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 "The Sage of Shupkraa." 
 
 Another Chin toper also came to be well known during the Boungshay 
 expeditions. We knew him as old "Tetapata" or "the Sage of Shurkwa." In 
 1 89 1, when a column from Haka began to shell Shurkwa from the opposite 
 hill (as the village had been defiant and refused to submit) the Shurkwa people 
 thought better of it and sent down a deputation of two men to offer their 
 submission. One of these two men was the old Sage referred to above. As 
 
 the shells went shrieking 
 suddenly saw two Chins 
 at a headlong pace 
 each staggering 
 a miscellaneous 
 fowls, plan- 
 
 IN 
 
 
 
 cane, and 
 
 Before any 
 
 be given, 
 
 sepoys fired a 
 
 at the two 
 
 luckily the 
 
 not straight and 
 
 done. However, this 
 
 the speed at which the 
 
 came bounding down 
 
 and other obstacles like 0F THE B0INIT - antelopes. It was quite 
 
 a ludicrous sight. They soon came up the hill on which the column was halted 
 
 and made known their mission. Peace was accordingly concluded and ratified 
 
 in the usual Chin manner, the Sage taking the principal part on behalf of the 
 
 Shurkwas. During the ceremony the formula rattled off by the old Sage consisted 
 
 chiefly of the sounds " Te-ta-pa-ta" repeated in rapid succession. From this 
 
 incident he received his sobriquet. Immediately after the ceremony the old 
 
 man, always with an eye to business, rushed off and commenced to pick up all 
 
 the empty bulli-beef tins and other rubbish he found lying about, with which he 
 
 TASHON COLUMN ENCAMPED NEAR SOURCES 
 OF THE HOINU. 
 
 across the valley, the column 
 rushing down the khud 
 from the village, 
 under the load of 
 collection of 
 tains, sugar- 
 gourds of Yu. 
 orders could 
 some of the 
 volley or two 
 figures, but 
 shooting was 
 no damage was 
 WF only served to quicken 
 two heavily laden Chins 
 the hill, clearing ditches 
 
< a 
 
 s 
 
 o s 
 z 5 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 83 
 
 returned in triumph to the village. He was a dirty old man of about fifty 
 winters, with a scraggy gray beard and gray hair and a 'cute-looking face with 
 overhanging brows, from beneath which looked out a pair of small sharp eyes, 
 that gave you the impression that they were always on the look-out for the main 
 chance. From the angles of his mouth tobacco-juice always kept oozing in drops 
 and stained his grizzly old beard. The old boy we soon discovered had a great 
 fondness for Yu and rum, when he could get any. Wherever there was a Yu jar 
 or gourd lying about, there ' ,^^^ y ou would be sure to find 
 
 old "Tetapata" 
 
 were usuall 
 
 morning, 
 
 edly, had 
 
 of his skin 
 
 it, a boil- 
 
 ter would 
 
 pale by 
 
 of his 
 
 attached 
 
 the friendlies 
 
 column, and came 
 
 several " dours." This 
 
 the chance of getting 
 
 also. His eyes 
 pink in the 
 and assur- 
 the colour 
 permitted 
 ed lobs- 
 have been 
 the side 
 nose ! He 
 himself to 
 with the 
 out With us on 
 apparently he did on 
 free and unlimited 
 drinks at all the villages. He was a proficient in sucking the stuff out of the jars, 
 by which he sat longer than anyone else, and the twinkle of satisfaction in his 
 little eyes as the liquid trickled down his throat was a sight worth seeing. He 
 often came and sat by our fire and tried to make himself agreeable, keeping one 
 eye all the while on the rum-bottle. There was no resisting this mute appeal, and 
 the satisfaction with which he smacked his lips and grunted out, " Atah ! Atah /" 
 (good ! very good ! ) was worth the price of the tot given him. Whenever or 
 wherever you met the old man, climbing a hill, or fording a river, or resting 
 by the wayside, he always produced an orange from somewhere beneath his 
 capacious, but dirty, robes, and presented it to you : it was usually sour ! He 
 
 EVENING AT A POST ON THE CHIN HILLS. 
 
84 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 was a good forager too, and sometimes did a little trade with us. 
 
 from the villages 
 
 sold them to us. 
 
 hard, he strode 
 
 a stately sort of 
 
 ges and things. 
 
 ished us all by 
 
 beard, and this 
 
 juvenile appear- 
 
 domesticated old 
 
 often came into 
 
 child slung on his 
 
 was useful in ob- 
 
 ies and in other 
 
 regret to record 
 
 in the little dis- 
 
 curred at Shurkwa 
 
 "Tetapata," in 
 
 "FOKT GUNNING," THE POST IN THE P.OUNGSHAY 
 
 matters between country near lotaw. 
 
 jf'V*T 
 
 Si 
 
 He looted fowls 
 on the way and 
 When times were 
 about the camp in 
 way selling oran- 
 One day he aston- 
 shaving off his 
 gave him quite a 
 ance. He was a 
 man too, for he 
 camp with his 
 shoulders. He 
 taining Chin cool- 
 ways. I much 
 that subsequently, 
 turbance that oc- 
 about coolies, old 
 trying to smooth 
 the two parties, 
 
 column halted previous to final advance on falam, the tashon capital. 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 85 
 
 was shot dead. Poor old Chin ! He wasn't a bad savage at heart, and we were 
 all sorry to hear of his untimely end. 
 
 The Chin ouho kept 
 During the shell- 
 friendly old Chief did 
 made by the guns and 
 to run away. Some- 
 he kept his mouth 
 his fingers into his j 
 no injury. Where- 
 promptly opened his ] 
 would go, and much p£ 
 ment sat patiently 
 the firing ceased ! 
 
 his mouth open. 
 ing of a village one 
 not like the noise 
 seemed half inclined 
 one told him that, if 
 wide open and stuck 
 ears, he would suffer 
 upon the old man 
 mouth as wide as it 
 to everyone's amuse- 
 in that attitude till 
 
 LEARNING THE CHIN LANGUAGE. 
 
 Houa cue fed. 
 
 Our feeding arrange- 
 in all the columns, 
 big mess, while 
 were several 
 Both meth- 
 ed- equal- 
 though 
 more fun 
 the small 
 Each mess 
 by a num 
 when dinner 
 would hear such 
 up, No. 1, for dinner !" 
 or " Pull yourselves 
 
 THE HOUSES WE LIVE IN AT A CHIN POST. 
 
 ments were not the same 
 In some we had one 
 in others there 
 small ones, 
 ods work- 
 ly well, 
 we got 
 out of 
 messes, 
 was known 
 ber. Thus, 
 as ready, you 
 shouts as : — u Roll 
 or "Hurry up, No. 2!" 
 together, No. 3 ! 
 
86 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 Always late !" And then each mess sat round its own fire and discussed its own 
 dinner. Our fires were adjacent to one another, so that, as the meal went on, we 
 were able to talk across to each other and criticise each other's menus for the day, 
 something after this fashion : — " We have got an excellent stew to-day. What 
 have you got, No. I ?" " Oh ! our omelette is simply beautiful. We have never 
 tasted a better in all our lives before ! " would reply No. i. " But we have such a 
 beauty of a custard. Your chef could not make one like it, if he tried all his life ! " 
 would chime in No. 3 mess. .... 
 
 "Pooh!" would put in 
 have a roast fowl here, 
 anything you 
 duce." And 
 jesting and 
 chatter the 
 would pass 
 Sometimes 
 vited another 
 ner ; but the 
 stated that 
 bring your 
 drink when 
 
 THE HAKA l'OST. 
 
 No. 4. "We 
 that will beat 
 could pro- 
 s o amidst 
 pleasant 
 dinner - hour 
 away merrily, 
 one mess in- 
 across to din- 
 invit ation 
 you had to 
 own food and 
 you came! 
 
 Then, when you called on the other messes, say, to leave your card, you were 
 asked to have a peg, but you had to provide it yourself! 
 
 LCle are a Jlappy Family. 
 
 Throughout the whole period we were a happy family. Each one contributed, 
 as far as in him lay, to the general enjoyment. And the happy spirit and thorough 
 fellow-feeling that always prevailed caused all difficulties to vanish. 
 
 The Stopy of the F^ee Di»ink. 
 
 Before concluding these camp reminiscences, we cannot refrain from quoting 
 a story of how a thirsty young officer got an extra free drink. We had all come 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 87 
 
 into camp after a long weary march. A Tommy marched in looking very 
 worn and fagged out. The thirsty officer thereupon poured out a stiff peg of 
 rum from the mess bottle and said he would give it to the tired soldier. He 
 went to the man and offered him the rum ; but he said, " Much obliged, sir, 
 but I am a teetotaller." "Oh! I am very sorry; I did not know that," said 
 the thirsty one, and he promptly drank off the peg himself; and that is how 
 he got an extra drink all for nothing. But it brought him in for a good deal 
 of chaff and banter. 
 
 .-~ - ». 
 
 :hins bringing on the mail 
 
 Work Successfully Done. 
 
 In spite of difficulties, many and varied, which need not be set down here, 
 the Expeditions were, one and all, most successfully accomplished, and that 
 without resort to bloodshed. And does not Milton tell us, " Peace hath her victories 
 no less renown' d than war?" 
 
 Though we fought no battles, yet the toiling and moiling over that intermin- 
 able jumble of hills, which tried the endurance of the troops to the utmost, 
 
88 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 represented a sum total of very hard work done. And the troops richly earned 
 the high encomiums bestowed on them by the military authorities. 
 
 The UUofk Done. 
 
 The whole of these hills has now been traversed from end to end, and the 
 submission of all the tribes obtained, though, so long as they have their fire-arms, 
 there is the chance of disturbances occurring at any time — as was the case recently 
 at Shurkwa. Many Burmese 
 especially in the north ^ 
 into Burma has now jA 
 Klung tribes, who 
 in the attack on 
 year, were 
 by heavy fines 
 where they 
 pay, by the 
 house for 
 paid. The l 
 Lieut. Stewart's 
 was also punished, 
 houses being burnt 
 heavily fined in guns, 
 trophies were all de- 
 Klung ex-Chief Lalway, 
 
 CHIN HILLS AND VILLAGE. 
 
 captives were released, 
 
 by Mr. Carey. Raiding 
 
 ceased. The Klung- 
 
 were concerned 
 
 our troops last 
 
 duly punished 
 
 of guns and, 
 
 refused to 
 
 burning of a 
 
 every gun not 
 
 village where 
 
 head was found 
 
 the headmen's 
 
 and the village 
 
 while the murder- 
 
 stroyed. The Klung- 
 
 Stewart's murderer, 
 
 remains a fugitive in the hills, and a relation of his, well known as " Jahoota," 
 reigns in his stead as Chief of the Klung-Klung tribes. In the north the 
 Kanhow column found a very good trade-route direct into Manipur. The Tashon 
 column had the honour of discovering the sources of the Boinu or Kolodyne 
 river, in longitude 90 32' and latitude 22 51 , on the 29th of March, 1892, in 
 a morass to the west of the great Ramklao range. 
 
 Temporary Posts. 
 After the various expeditions were over, temporary posts were established in 
 
The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 89 
 
 different parts of the hills, from which small parties from time to time went 
 
 out and visited vill 
 been able to visit 
 troops were 
 every direct- 
 the rains 
 posts were 
 drawn. A ^ 
 m a n e n t 
 established 
 the Tashon 
 
 ages, that the expeditions had not 
 
 And thus our 
 
 en evidence in 
 
 ion. When 
 
 set in, these 
 
 all with- 
 
 new per- 
 
 p o s t was 
 
 at Falam, 
 
 capital. 
 
 \TIOXS FOR A COLUMN. 
 
 Conclusion of Operations. 
 
 With the breaking-up of the columns, the troops who came up temporarily 
 for the operations joyfully return to Burma, hoping never to see the Chin Hills 
 again. The rest settle down in their posts to hibernate till the next open season, 
 when they will have to take their share again in any work 
 
 that may have to be done. For during the rains 
 nothing can be accomplished. 
 
 There are now three main 
 posts in these hills. These are 
 Haka in the south, Fort White 
 in the north, and Falam in the 
 centre. These posts are garri- 
 soned respectively by the 2nd 
 Burma Battalion, the 1st Burma 
 
 THE POLITICAL COURT AT HAKA. 
 
 Rifles, and the 39th Gurhwal Rifles. 
 
9o 
 
 The Image of War ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 The Present Situation. 
 
 Such is the situation 
 present moment. A 
 recently met at JU 
 the future policy 
 reference to 
 The Govern- 
 India has now 
 the result, 
 that Lushai- 
 verted into 
 is to be 
 over to Ass 
 the Chin 
 
 in the Chin Hills at the 
 Chin-Lushai Conference 
 
 |y*, Calcutta to decide on 
 to be pursued in 
 these hills, 
 ment of 
 published 
 which is, 
 land, con- 
 one charge, 
 handed 
 am, while 
 Hills, also 
 
 probably made into one charge, will continue to be administered by Burma. 
 
THACKER, SPINK 6- CO., CALCUTTA. 
 
 No. 6 1. 
 
 February, 1894. 
 
 A Select Catalogue of Works, 
 chiefly Illustrated, published 
 by W TH ACKER h CO.. 
 87 Newgate Street, London, and 
 THACKER SPINK & CO., 
 Calcutta. 
 
 BAN IAN TREE. 
 
 TO BE OBTAINED ALSO OF 
 
 THACKER & CO., Limited, Bombay. 
 
 W. THACKER & CO, 87 NEWGATE STREET, LONDON. 
 
TLIACKER, SPINK 6- CO., CALCUTTA. 
 
 THE IMAGE OF WAR: Service on the Chin 
 Hills. By Surgeon-Captain A. G. E Newland. 
 
 194 Illustrations from Instantaneous Photographs. Demy 4to. £1 11s. 6d. 
 
 W. TH ACKER 6- CO., 87 NEWGATE STREET, LONDON. 
 
THACKER, SPINK <5- CO., CALCUTTA. 
 
 Messrs. Thacker, Spink & Co. will shortly publish a work unique in its character 
 and extremely beautiful in its form, entitled, 
 
 THE IMAGE OF WAR ; or, Service on the Chin Hills. 
 
 By SURGEON-CAPTAIN A. G. E. NEWLAND. 
 
 With an Introductory Historical Note by J. D. Macnabb, Esq., Political Officer, 
 South Chin Hills. Demy qto. 
 
 POLITICAL OFFICER RECEIVING SUBMISSION OF TASHON CHIEFS. 
 
 It is illustrated by 34 full-page Collotypes of Instantaneous Photographs, and 160 
 interspersed in the reading. No work has yet appeared, in Europe or America, 
 of this beautiful character. The price to subscribers is J?s. 25, but as only a 
 small edition is printed, Messrs Thacker, Spink & Co. hold themselves at 
 liberty to raise the price upon publication to Its. 30. From its nature the book 
 cannot be reprinted, and subscribers will possess a work of extreme beauty, 
 interest and rarity. 
 
 IV. THACKER &> CO., 87 NEWGATE STREET, LONDON 
 
THACKER, SPINK &• CO., CALCUTTA. 
 
 A NATURALIST ON THE PROWL. 
 
 By EH A, Author of "Tribes on my Frontier," etc. 
 
 W. THACKER &> CO., 87 NEWGATE STREET, LONDON. 
 
THACKER, SPINK 6- CO, CALCUTTA. 
 
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 .A. ITATTTBALIST OJKT THE IE^O^WIj. 
 
 Profusely Illustrated by Drawings by Mr. R. A. Sterndale, F.R.G.S., F.Z.S. Author 01 
 
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 sketched animals of all kinds in their habitat and at work. 
 
 $ 
 
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 works, but fully equal in interest and life. 
 
 W. TH ACKER &> CO., 87 NEWGATE STREET, LONDON. 
 
THACKER, SPINK &* CO., CALCUTTA. 
 
 Fifth Edition. In Imperial i6mo, uniform with " Lays of Ind," "Riding," 
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 THE TRIBES ON MY FRONTIER 
 
 In Entiian Naturalist's .foreign Polfcg. 
 
 By EHA. 
 
 With Fifty Illustrations by F. C. Macrae. 
 
 2L N this remarkably clever 
 2*Ef work there are most 
 graphically and humor- 
 ously described the sur- 
 roundings of a Mofussil 
 bungalow. The twenty 
 chapters embrace a year's experiences, and provide 
 ^^ endless sources of amusement and suggestion. The 
 numerous able illustrations add very greatly to the interest 
 of the volume, which will find a place on every table. 
 
 THE CHAPTERS ARE- 
 
 I.— A Durbar. 
 II.— The Rats. 
 III.— The Mosquitos. 
 IV.— The Lizards. 
 V— The Ants. 
 VI- The Crows. 
 VII- The Bats. 
 
 VIII.— Bees, Wasps, et hoc genus omne. 
 IX.— The Spiders. 
 X.— The Butterfly : Hunting Him. 
 
 XI.— The Butterfly : Contemplating Him. 
 XII.— The Frogs. 
 XIII. -The Bugs. 
 XIV— The Birds of the Garden. 
 XV— The Birds at the Mango Tope. 
 XVI— The Birds at the Tank. 
 XVII— The Poultry Yard. 
 XVIIL— The White Ants. 
 XIX.— The Hypodermatikosyringophoroi. 
 XX.— Etcetera. 
 
 IV. TH ACKER & CO., 87 NEWGATE STREET, LONDON. 
 
TH ACKER, SPINK 
 
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 THE TRIBES ON MY FRONTIER. 
 
 Fifth Edition. 85. 6d. 
 
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 'Dustypore.' .... It is by no means a mere travesty The 
 
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 — Graphic. 
 
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TU ACKER, SPINK 
 
 CO., CALCUTTA. 
 
 Fourth Edition, Imperial i6mo. 6*. 
 
 Behind the Bungalow. 
 
 By EHA, 
 
 AUTHOR OF "TRIBES ON MY FRONTIER." 
 
 With Fifty-Three Clever Sketches 
 
 By the Illustrator of "The Tribes." 
 
 -C^J^ jC 
 
 As "The Tribes on my Frontier" graphically and humorously 
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TH ACKER, SPINK <Sn CO., CALCUTTA. 
 
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 show through all their 
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 — The World. 
 
 BEHIND THE BUNGALOW. 
 
 By the Author of "TRIBES ON MY FRONTIER." 
 AND ILLUSTRATED BY THE SAME ARTIST. 
 
 ' ' ' The Tribes On My Frontier ' 
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 LAYS OF IND. By Aliph Cheem. 
 
 COMIC, SATIRICAL, AND DESCRIPTIVE 
 
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 Illustrated by the Author, Lionel Inglis, R. A. Sterndale, and others. 
 
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 are somewhat esoteric ; but, taken throughout, the verses are characterized by high 
 animal spirits, great cleverness, and most excellent fooling." — The World. 
 
 "One can readily imagine the merriment created round the camp fire by the 
 recitation of 'The Two Thumpers,' which is irresistibly droll. . . . The 
 edition before us is enlarged, and contains illustrations by the author, in addition to 
 which it is beautifully printed and handsomely got up, all which recommendations 
 are sure to make the name of Aliph Cheem more popular in India than ever." — 
 Liverpool Mercury. 
 
 " Satire of the most amusing and inoffensive kind, humour the most genuine, and 
 pathos the most touching pervade these ' Lays of Ind. ' . , . From Indian friends 
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 those who have not 
 yet become ac- 
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 miliar with Indian 
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 Depaetmental Ditties and other Verses. 
 
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 By RUDYARD KIPLING. 
 
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 . . . ' In Spring Time ' is the most pathetic lament of an exile we know in 
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Fourth Edition, Crown 8vo, Buckram. J2S. 6d. 
 
 VETERINARY 
 NOTES FOR HORSE-OWNERS. 
 
 An Illustrated Manual of Horse Medicine and Surgery, 
 written in Simple Language. 
 
 By CAPT. M. H. HAYES, FR.C.V.S. 
 
 " Captain Hayes' work is a valuable addition to 
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 ably numerous, are excellent beyond the reich of 
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 a necessary guide forhorseowners, especially those 
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 of the most scientific and reliable. If some pains- 
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 animals, we should possess a very complete 
 veterinary library in a very small co.mpass. " — 
 Field. 
 
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 to say he says in plain terms, and the book is a 
 very useful one for everybody who is concerned 
 with horses. ' ' — Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic 
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 complete and trustworthy as a book of reference for amateurs." — The Lancet. 
 
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 Square 8vo, iay. 6d. 
 
 The Horsewoman 
 
 A Practical Guide to Side-Saddle Riding. 
 
 By Mrs. HAYES. Edited by Captain M. H. HAYES. 
 
 With 4 Collotypes from Instantaneous Photographs, and 48 Drawings 
 after Photographs, by J. H. Oswald Brown. 
 
 PRESS NOTICES. 
 
 The Times. —" A large amount of sound, practical instruction, very judiciously 
 and pleasantly imparted." 
 
 The Field. — " This is the first occasion on which a practical horseman and a 
 practical horsewoman have collaborated in bringing out a book on riding for 
 ladies. The result is in every way satisfactory, and, no matter how well a lady 
 
 W. TH ACKER & CO., 87 NEWGATE STREET, LONDON. 
 
THACKER, SPINK & CO., CALCUTTA. 
 
 THE HORSEWOMAN. 
 
 Press Notices. — {Continued.) 
 
 may ride, she will gain much valuable information from a perusal of ' The Horse- 
 woman.' The book is happily free from self-laudatory passages." 
 
 The Athenceum. — "We have seldom come across a brighter book than 'The 
 Horsewoman. ' 
 
 The Queen. — ''Amost useful and practical book on side-saddle riding, which 
 may be read with real interest by all lady riders." 
 
 Freeman's Journal (Dublin). — "Mrs. Hayes is perhaps the best authority in 
 these countries on everything connected with horsemanship for ladies." 
 
 Scotsman (Edinburgh). — "The work is the outcome of experiences, aptitudes, 
 and opportunities wholly exceptional." 
 
 Le Sport (Paris). — " J'ai lu ou parcouru bien des trails d'equitation usuelle ou 
 savante ; jamais encore je n'avais trouve" un expose 1 aussi clair, aussi simple, aussi 
 vecu que celui oil Mme. Hayes resume les principes dont une pratique assidue lui 
 a permis d'apprecier la valeur. Ce tres remarquable manuel d'equitation feminine 
 est bien, corarae la desire son auteur, a la ported de tous et il est a souhaiter qu'il 
 trouve" en France l'accueil et le succes qu'il a rencontres des sa publication aupres des 
 horsewomen anglaises." 
 
 Saturday Review. — "With a very strong recommendation of this book as far 
 and away the best guide to side-saddle riding that we have seen. " 
 
 The Queen. — "It is a real pleasure to see a lady ride as Mrs. Hayes does ; she 
 combines in an unusual degree an absolutely firm, strong seat with a pretty and 
 graceful one." 
 
 Land and Water. — "A more thorough horsewoman than Mrs. Hayes probably 
 does not exist." 
 
 Hearth and Home. — "The Duke of Cambridge personally complimented her on 
 her seat and hands." 
 
 Indian Planters' Gazette (Calcutta). — "The victory [in jumping competition] 
 was well earned. Mrs. Hayes treated the large crowd to an exhibition of horse- 
 manship, the like of which has seldom, if ever, been witnessed in Calcutta. The 
 merit of the performance is enhanced by the fact that she had never ridden the 
 mare before that day. " 
 
 The Mining Argus (Johannesburg, Transvaal). — " Mrs. Hayes is undoubtedly 
 one of the pluckiest and most accomplished horsewomen we have ever seen." 
 
 North China Daily News (Shanghai). — "This accomplished horsewoman prac- 
 tically illustrated, for the benefit of the ladies present, what she wrote in our 
 columns about riding without reins, even over stiff jumps, on a mount only broken 
 for a lady ten minutes before." 
 
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 23 
 
THACKER, SPINK &> CO., CALCUTTA. 
 
 Third Edition, Imperial i6mo. ioj. 6d. 
 
 RIDING: 
 
 ON THE FLAT AND ACROSS COUNTRY. 
 
 & ©ufoe to Practical f^orgcmansfttp. 
 By Captain M. H. HAYES, F.R.C.V.S. 
 
 The Times. — "Captain Hayes' hints and instructions are useful aids, even to 
 experienced riders, while for those less accustomed to the saddle, his instructions 
 are simply invaluable." 
 
 The Standard. — " Captain Hayes is net only a master of his subject, but he 
 knows how to aid others in gaining such a mastery as may be obtained by the 
 study of a book. " 
 
 The Field. — "We are not in the least surprised that a third edition of this 
 useful and eminently practical book should be called for. On former occasions 
 we were able to speak of it in terms of commendation, and this edition is worthy of 
 equal praise. " 
 
 Baily's Magazine. — "An eminently practical teacher, whose theories are the 
 outcome of experience, learned not in the study, but on the road, in the hunting 
 field, and on the racecourse." 
 
 Sporting Times. — " We heartily commend it to our readers." 
 
 Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News. — " The book is one that no man who 
 has ever sat in a saddle can fail to read with interest." 
 
 The Graphic. — " Is as practical as Captain Horace Hayes' ' Veterinary Notes ' 
 and 'Guide to Horse Management in India.' Greater praise than this it is impos- 
 sible to give." 
 
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 24 
 
TH ACKER, SPINK &> CO., CALCUTTA. 
 
 Uniform with " Riding," etc. 21/, 
 
 ILLUSTRATED HORSE-BREAKING 
 
 Capt. M. H. HAYES. 
 
 1. Theory of Breaking. 
 
 2. Principles of Mounting. 
 
 3. Horse Control. 
 
 4. Rendering Docile. 
 
 S- Giving Good Mouths. 
 
 6. Teaching to Jump. 
 
 7. Mounting for First Time. 
 
 8. Breaking for Ladies' 
 
 Riding. 
 
 9. Breaking to Harness. 
 
 10. Faults of Mouth. 
 
 11. Nervousness and Impa- 
 
 tience of Control. 
 Jibbing. 
 
 Jumping Faults. 
 Faults in Harness. 
 Aggressiveness. 
 Riding and Driving 
 
 Newly-broken Horse. 
 Stable Vices. 
 Teaching Circus Tricks. 
 
 12. 
 
 13- 
 
 14. 
 
 1$. 
 
 16. 
 
 17- 
 18. 
 
 "The work is eminently prac- 
 tical and readable." — Veterinary 
 Journal. 
 
 " Clearly explained in simple, 
 practical language, made all the 
 more clear by a set of capital 
 drawings." — Scotsman. 
 
 "It is characteristic of all Captain Hayes' books on Horses that they are eminently 
 practical, and the present one is no exception to the rule. A work which is entitled to high 
 praise as being far and away the best reasoned-out book on Breaking under a new system 
 we have seen." — Field. 
 
 With Fifty-One Illustrations by J. H. OSWALD BROWN. 
 
 W. THACKER &> CO., 87 NEWGATE STREET, LONDON. 
 
 25 
 
TH ACKER, SPINK 6- CO, CALCUTTA. 
 
 Foolscap 4to, 34J. 
 
 THE POINTS OF THE HORSE. 
 
 <& familiar treatise on 3Equine CTonformation. 
 By Capt. M. H. HAYES, F.R.C.V.S. 
 
 DESCRIBING THE POINTS IN WHICH THE 
 
 PERFECTION OF EACH CLASS 
 
 OF HORSES CONSISTS. 
 
 Illustrated by 76 reproductiotis of Photographs of Typical Horses, 
 and 204 Drawings, chiefly by J. H. Oswald Brown. 
 
 W. THACKER &* CO., 87 NEWGATE STREET, LONDON. 
 
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THACKER, SPINK Sy CO., CALCUTTA. 
 
 The Points of the Horse. 
 
 Times. — ' ' An elaborate 
 and instructive compendium 
 of sound knowledge on a 
 subject of great moment 
 to all owners of horses, 
 by a writer of established 
 authority on all matters 
 connected with the horse." 
 
 Army and Navy Gazette. 
 — " It is scientific in its 
 method, and practical in 
 its purpose." 
 
 Nature. — "A soldier, a 
 certificated veterinarian, a 
 traveller and a successful 
 rider, the author is well 
 qualified to treat on all that pertains to the subject before us." 
 
 The Referee. — " What Captain Hayes does not know about horses is probably 
 not particularly worth knowing." 
 
 Saturday Review. — "This is another of Captain Hayes' good books on the 
 horse, and to say it is the best would not be going far out of the way of truth. It 
 is a luxurious book, well got up, well and clearly printed in large readable type, and 
 profusely illustrated. " 
 
 Pall Mall Budget. — " A volume that must be regarded as the standard work on 
 the subject. It is well done. No point is left unexplained ; no quality in a type 
 unnoticed." 
 
 Sporting Times. — "The best production of its kind we have seen." 
 
 Field. — "To those who are desirous of availing themselves of the knowledge of 
 a writer who has been used to horses all his life, the book may be cordially recom- 
 mended. " 
 
 Veterinary Journal. — " No book like this has hitherto appeared in English, or 
 any other language. For giving us such a beautiful, interesting and instructive 
 book, the members of the veterinary profession, horsemen and horse owners, as 
 well as delineators of the horse, in every English speaking country, must acknow- 
 ledge themselves deeply indebted to Captain Hayes." 
 
 W, THACKER & CO., 87 NEWGATE STREET, LONDON. 
 
 27 
 
TIIACKER, SPINK 6- CO., CALCUTTA. 
 
 In Imperial i6mo. Illustrated. 8s. 6d. 
 
 INDIAN 
 
 RACING reminiscences; 
 
 BEING 
 
 ENTERTAINING NARRATIVES AND ANECDOTES 
 OF MEN, HORSES, AND SPORT. 
 
 Illustrated with Twenty-Two Portraits and a Number of Smaller Engravings. 
 By CAPTAIN M. HORACE HAYES. 
 
 " The book is full of racy anecdote, and the author writes so kindly of his brother office 
 and the sporting planters with whom he came into contact, that one cannot help admiring 
 the genial and happy temperament of the author." — Belts Life. 
 
 " Captain Hayes shows himself a thorough master of his subject, and has so skilfully 
 interwoven technicalities, history, and anecdote, that the last page comes all too soon. "—Field. 
 
 Fifth Edition. Revised. Crown 8vo. gs. 
 
 TRAINING* HORSE MANAGEMENT 
 
 IN INDIA. 
 
 By CAPTAIN M. HORACE HAYES, F.R.CV.S. 
 
 " No better guide could be placed in the hands of either amateur horseman or veterinary 
 surgeon." — The Veterinary Journal. 
 
 " A useful guide in regard to horses anywhere. Concise, practical, and portable." 
 — Saturday Review. 
 
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THACKER, SPINK 6- CO., CALCUTTA. 
 
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 With One Hundred and Seventy Illustrations. 
 
 A Complete Guide to all those features which require attention when purchasing 
 
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 instructions how to conduct an examination of the various parts. 
 
 By Captain M. H. HAYES, F.R.C.V.S. 
 
 ' Captain Hayes is entitled to much credit for the explicit and sensible manner in which he 
 has discussed the many questions — some of them extremely vexed ones— which pertain to 
 soundness and unsoundness in horses." — Veterinary Journal. 
 
 " Captain Hayes' work is evidently the result of much careful research, and the horseman, 
 as well as the veterinarian, will find in it much that is interesting and instructive."— Field. 
 
 W. THACKER 6- CO., 87 NEWGATE STREET, LONDON 
 
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 In Imperial i6mo. Uniform with " Lays of Ind," " Hindu Mythology," etc. 
 Handsomely bound. ios. 6d. 
 
 RIDING FOR LADIES. 
 
 mn& in'nts; on t&e stable* 
 
 BY MRS. POWER O'DONOGHUE. 
 
 AUTHOR OF "LADIES ON HORSEBACK," "A BEGGAR ON HORSEBACK," ETC. 
 
 With 91 Illustrations drawn expressly for the Work by A. Chantrey Corbould. 
 
 1 1 IS able and beautiful 
 volume will form a Stan- 
 dard on the Subject, and 
 is one which no lady can 
 dispense with. The scope 
 of the work will be under- 
 stood by the following : 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Ought Children to Ride? 
 
 " For Mothers & Children." 
 
 First Hints to a Learner. 
 
 Selecting a Mount. 
 
 vi. The Lady's Dress. 
 
 Bitting. vin. Saddling. 
 
 How to Sit, Canter, &c. 
 
 Reins, Voice, and Whip. 
 
 Riding on the Road. 
 
 Paces, Vices, and Faults. 
 
 A Lesson in Leaping. 
 
 Managing Refusers. 
 
 Falling. 
 
 Hunting Outfit Considered, 
 xvn. Economy in Riding Dress. xx. Shoeing. XXI. Feeding. 
 
 xviii. Hacks and Hunters. xxn. Stabling, xxm. Doctoring, 
 
 xix. In the Hunting Field. xxiv. Breeding, xxv. "Tips." 
 
 " When there may arise differences of opinion as to some of the suggestions con- 
 tained in this volume, the reader, especially if a woman, may feel assured she will 
 not go far astray in accepting what is said by one of her own sex, who has the dis- 
 tinction of three times beating the Empress of Austria in the hunting field, from 
 whom she ' took the brush.' ' Riding for Ladies' is certain to become a classic." 
 
 — New York Sportsman. 
 
 W. THACKER &> CO., 87 NEWGATE STREET, LONDON. 
 
 3° 
 
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 Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d. 
 
 A TEA PLANTER'S LIFE IN ASSAM. 
 
 By GEORGE M. BARKER. 
 
 WITH 75 ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 This book aims at conveying to all interested in India and the tea industry an entertaining 
 and useful account of the topographical features of Assam ; the strange surroundings— human 
 and animal — of the European resident ; ihe trying climate ; the daily life of the planter ; and 
 general details of the formation and working of tea gardens. 
 
 " Mr. Barker has supplied us with a very good and readable description, accompanied by 
 numerous illustrations drawn by himself. What may be called the business parts of the book 
 are of most value."- Contimporary Review. 
 
 " Cheery, well-written little book." — Graphic. 
 
 "A very interesting and amusing book, artistically illustrated from sketches drawn by the 
 author."- yf/tt-k I.an' F.rflms 
 
 LIST OF THE TEA GARDENS OF INDIA AND CEYLON, 
 
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