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WILLIAM W. WOODBUKY. 
 
HISTORY 
 
 0F THE W0RK 
 
 OF THE 
 
 0F P0RT12AND, MAINE. 
 
 What it has Originated and jteomplished Sinee its Organisation; 
 Constitution and By-Iiaus, OFiginal and present Membership. 
 
 WITH ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 COMPILED AND PUBLISHED UNDER DIRECTION OF THE BOARD, 
 
 BY THE SECRETARY. 
 1887. 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE: 
 
 PRESS OF FORD & RICH, 
 
 1887. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 To answer an oft repeated inquiry as to the object of the Board 
 of Trade, and what it has done for the benefit of Portland, as well as 
 to preserve its past history for the guidance and satisfaction of those 
 who may administer its affairs in future, and in accordance with a 
 vote of the Board of Managers, adopted May 6, 1886, I have en- 
 deavored to briefly sketch a digest of its most important work, or so 
 much as would be of interest to perpetuate in history, together with 
 such reference to the men identified more prominently with that 
 work, as these limits permit. 
 
 The Records of the Board having been destroyed in the great 
 fire of '66, I have been obliged to draw chiefly upon memory for 
 whatever did not appear in public print during the first ten years 
 of the Board's existence. But I am satisfied that with my five 
 annual reports of the Trade and Commerce of Portland, published 
 by the Board previous to 1874, and the following sketches, that a 
 fairly intelligent nucleus is furnished for the future historian of the 
 Board. 
 
 M. N. RICH, Secretary. 
 
 M'4215580 
 
THE OFFICIAL? SEAL 
 
 Representing the Goddess of Commerce seated in the foreground 
 with the left arm reclining on the corporate seal of the city of 
 Portland, while the right hand clutches the anchor of Hope, and the 
 rising sun illuminates the shipping and other emblems of Commerce 
 in the back or water prospective, the whole being encircled with the 
 official title of the corporation. The seal was designed by Secretary 
 Rich and adopted by the Board in 1864. 
 
PRESIDENTS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ABOARD OK 
 
 WILLIAM W. WOODBURY, - 1853.* 
 
 JOHN B. BROWN, - 1853 to 1863. 
 
 T.C.HERSEY, - - { llg i'I 
 
 JOXAS H. PERLEY, - - 1868 to 1870. 
 
 WOODBURY S. DANA, - 187^0 to 1873. 
 
 GEORGE W. WOODMAN, - 1874 to 1878. 
 
 CHARLES H. HASKELL, - 1878 to 1879. 
 
 SAMUEL J. ANDERSON, - ... 1879 to 1883. 
 
 GEORGE P. WESCOTT, - 1883 to 1885. 
 
 JOSEPH E. BLABON. - 1885 to 
 
 * Resigned. 
 
6 s BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 WILLIAM W. WOODBURY. 
 
 Mr. Woodbury was elected as the first President of the Board 
 on account of his public spirit and the hearty support that he 
 gave towards effecting its" organization, but press of business 
 did not justify his acceptance, and he shortly after resigned the 
 office. Subsequent!} 7 he took an active part in the formation 
 of the Merchants Exchange, of which he was a charter member. 
 
 JOHN B. BROWN. 
 
 Mr. Brown was the first active President of the Board, and 
 filled the office for ten successive years, the longest term held 
 by any other presiding officer. His administration was charact- 
 erized with a vigor that at once insured the prosperity of the 
 Board, and demonstrated its usefulness in aiding the develop- 
 ments and shaping the progress of the city, at the new business 
 era upon which it was then just entering. Mr Brown's interest 
 in the Board never flagged, and his opinions and advice on busi- 
 ness matters was always regarded as sound, and his council on 
 public affairs always had great weight; he was a recognized 
 leader among his fellowmen. 
 
 THEOPHILUS C. HERSEY. 
 
 Mr. Hersey probably devoted more time and care, and held 
 the interests of the Board of Trade nearer to his heart than any 
 other man of his day. From its organization to the day of his 
 death, in 1886, he ever evinced a warm interest and for most of 
 the time, and at his death, was one of its Board of Managers. 
 He served two terms as President, and was forced to decline 
 further honors in the chair on account of failing health. He 
 was also for several years Vice President of the National Board 
 of Trade, and reflected honor and credit upon the constituent 
 organization that he for so many years represented with such 
 entire acceptance to the National Board The constant press 
 of business in which he was so industriously involved, never 
 

 .JOHN B. 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 1 
 
 prevented him from attending all its meetings with marked 
 regularity and promptness, and it is doing no injustice to other^ 
 to say that he was one of the most devoted and useful members 
 that the Board has ever had, and that he has left a record that 
 few, if any, will equal in the future history of the Board. 
 JONAS H. PERLEY. 
 
 Mr. Perley was a very acceptable and dignified presiding 
 officer, and the older members of the Board remember his pleas- 
 ant companionship and conscientious efforts in all his duties to 
 the Board. An active, prosperous business man at the time, he 
 took deep interest in the establishment of water communication 
 with the eastern ports of the State and was for a time agent of 
 the Eastern Packet Co., until he removed to the West, where 
 he has experienced rather a varied fortune, but his many friends 
 here remember him for his unselfish public spirit and devotion 
 to the common prosperity of his former home in years agone. 
 
 WOODBURY S. DANA. 
 
 Mr. Dana was one of the most prompt and business-like pre- 
 siding officers that the Board has ever had ; always in the chair 
 at the appointed hour, the gavel would fall whether a quorum 
 was present or not. The members soon caught this spirit of 
 promptness, and business was jogged off with less delay and 
 more satisfaction to business men. Pleasant and affable in the 
 chair, alive to all the duties of the hour, Mr. Dana's is remem- 
 bered as one of the most useful and pleasant administrations in 
 the work of the Board. Mr. Dana has been long in the Board 
 of Management and is closely identified with all its work, in 
 which he takes a lively interest to this day. 
 
 GEORGE W. WOODMAN. 
 
 Mr. Woodman, from the organization of the Board through 
 all its years of service down to the present time, has been 
 always faithful and constant in all his varied duties to the 
 organization, probably no one making greater sacrifices than 
 Mr. Woodman to promote the welfare of the Board and its 
 work, with a force and zeal that has always commanded the 
 
8 BOARD OF TRADE. 
 
 highest respect and deferance of his associates. As presiding 
 officer he possessed the good qualification of dignity, promptness 
 and clearness of decision, and a familiarity with parliamentary 
 usages that was of great advantage to him in discussions and 
 the ready dispatch of business. He is regarded as one of the 
 bulwarks of the Board and is held in the highest respect by all 
 its members. 
 
 CHARLES H. HASKELL. 
 
 Mr. Haskell was a sharp and vivacious man, and his quick 
 and ready conception and honest fidelity to his convictions, 
 made him an enthusiast in whatever business he engaged, hence 
 he was ever characterized as a power in whatever station he 
 filled, and his long and faithful services on the Board of Man- 
 agement, as Treasurer for nine years, well equipped him for the 
 position of presiding officer, which he discharged with much 
 ability and acceptance. 
 
 SAMUEL J. ANDERSON. 
 
 General Anderson was a vigorous and dignified presiding 
 officer. Courteous to his associates, he discharged the duties of 
 his office with a dash and firmness that carried the honest con- 
 victions of his fidelity to the duties of his office, and on public 
 occasions was a brilliant exponent of the business interests of 
 his city and State, always possessing a keene appreciation of 
 the responsibilities of his office, and exercised great care to sub- 
 ordinate his own private opinions to the will of the majority, and 
 is still in the Board of Management, and much respected. 
 
 GEORGE P. WESCOTT. 
 
 Mr. Wescott was one of the most industrious and pleasant 
 officers that has filled the chair. Of large business experience, 
 he grappled with the most intricate questions with an irresist- 
 able force and persistance that made his administration one of 
 continued success, and the Board did not flag in interest nor 
 power while he was at its head, and he vacated the office much 
 to the regret of his associates, and carried in his retirement the 
 universal good wishes of all. 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 9 
 
 JOSEPH E. BLABON. 
 
 Mr. Blabon, now filling the chair of President for the second 
 term, is a very popular and able officer, and though naturally of 
 quiet and unpretentious disposition, commands the universal 
 respect of his fellow citizens and of all the members of the 
 Board. He patiently and persistently studies the duties of the 
 Board in all matters of public interest, and vigorously pursues 
 and pushes the influence of the Board to accomplish, ultimately, 
 the work of his convictions. His administration promises to be 
 one of the most prosperous and successful in its already long 
 line of faithful servants. 
 
 TREASURERS. 
 
 Mr. Jonas H. Perley was elected treasurer at the organization 
 in 1853, and appears to have served until 1860, and was succeed- 
 ed by Orlando M. Marrett, who served from 1860 to 1864. Then 
 Charles H. Haskell from 1864 to 1874, when Augustus E. 
 Stevens was elected treasurer, but shortly after resigned, and 
 Charles S. Fobes was elected in 1874, and has been successively 
 re-elected every year since, and in that capacity has been a very 
 valuable member of the Board of Management in^debates and 
 as a counselor. 
 
 SECRETARIES. 
 
 Henry Fox, Esq., was the first secretary of the Board, being 
 elected at the organization in 1853, and was succeeded by John 
 Q. Twitcliell in 1862, who served till 1864. Marshall N. Rich 
 succeeded Mr. Twitchell in January, 1864, and has been unan- 
 imously re-elected every succeeding year; and since the death 
 of Mr. Porter, of Baltimore, last year, is now the oldest Secre- 
 tary in continued service in the United States. 
 
 WHO HAVE BEEX ACTIVE MEMBERS. 
 
 Without intending any invidious distinction, but rather to 
 bear in pleasant recollection their devoted and earnest efforts in 
 behalf of the public interests that involved the attention of the 
 Board from time to time, in the past twenty-five years, and 
 whose names do not otherwise appear in official prominence, 
 
10 BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 we recall the names of the following members, who in their 
 day have either held offices or have been identified with the 
 active workers in the Board, viz: Capt. John B Coyle, Fred'k 
 Davis, John A. Poor, John M. Wood, Thos. R. Jones, John 
 Purrington, Rufus E. Wood, N. J. Miller, John G. Tolford, N. 
 P. Woodbury, Wm. H. Foye, John True, Wm. Chase, Cyrus S. 
 Clark, Capt. Chas. M. Davis, Capt. Wm. Ross, Capt. E. D. 
 Choate, Capt. S. Blanchard, Capt. Dan'l Hood, Samuel Tyler, 
 T. C. Stevens. James Olcott Brown, Orlando M. Marrett, Lu- 
 ther Dana, James S. Bedlow, Ira J. Batchelder, Thos. R. Hayes, 
 James Freeman, A. K. Shurtleff, Wm L. Southard, Jos. Hale, 
 J. W. Dyer, Benj. Stevens Jr, Jas. E. Fernald, Thos. E. Twitch- 
 ell, Warren Brown, Alvah Conant, Edwin Churchill, Rensalaer 
 Cram, Andrew Spring, A. L. Hobson, Isaac Jackson, Hosea 
 Kendall, Frank O. Libby, Abner Lowell, John Randall, Joseph 
 Wescott, H. I. Robinson, Augustus E. Stevens, Wm. A. Win- 
 ship, Samuel E. Spring, Israel Washburn, Jr., Edmund Phin- 
 ney, A. H. F. Furbush, Chas. McLaughlin. 
 
 And of those still living, but who have retired from the more 
 active duties of business, and do not so often appear in the 
 councils of the Board, we might in this connection recognize 
 the former good work of the following, we trust without excit- 
 ing the jealousy of ttte younger recognized active members : 
 Oliver Gerrish, Ezra Carter, John C. Proctor, E. E. Upham, 
 Moses Gould, Reuben Kent, Thos. H. Weston, Geo. F. Foster, 
 Chas. A. Stackpole, Edward M. Patten, Wm. Deering, Chas. P. 
 Kimball, J. W. Waterhouse, J. W. Munger, Jacob McLellan, 
 Jas. L. Farmer, Washington Ryan, Daniel F. Emery. 
 
T. C. H HUSKY 
 
THE BOARD OF TRADE: 
 
 ITS ORIGIN, AND HISTORY OF ITS PROGRESS. 
 
 At the commencement of the new era in the modes and meth- 
 ods of business, that so generally pervaded the length and 
 breadth of this country more than a quarter of a century ago, 
 by the introduction of rapid transit and swift communication ; 
 when the attention of the world was being directed to the geo- 
 graphical advantages of terminal points, and Portland was 
 beginning to realize the dawn of European commerce by direct 
 steamship lines the fruition of its hopes centered in the unri- 
 valed advantages of location, climate, depth of water, shore line, 
 proximity to so much and valuable water power its most 
 sagacious people could foresee that, in the great race of compe- 
 tition for power and greatness, even her share of the commerce 
 of the world was not to be dropped in the lap of Portland with- 
 out steady and persistant effort and struggle even to keep pace 
 in the kt jostle and scramble" then already so apparent, that lead- 
 ing business men became firmly impressed that the greatest 
 efficiency could only be realized through the united efforts 
 of the various interests and industries of the city and State, 
 in an organization representing these interests in such manner 
 as to voice the wishes and will of the people in the most effect- 
 ive manner. Accordingly the project of a BOARD OF TRADE 
 was considered, and a meeting called for organization at the 
 rooms of the Mercantile Library Association, in Free St., on the 
 ninth of May, 1853. 
 
 The fundamental principals of such organization were ably 
 set forth by its projectors, and embodied the following general 
 ideas : "That the efforts of the Board be directed to give tone 
 
12 BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 and energy to the various branches of trade, and in securing 
 the advantages which the position of the city offers to commerce 
 and manufactures, consider all subjects of internal improve- 
 ments agitated in the community, brought before the Board by 
 its members ; and where legislation is required in making such 
 improvements, direct its efforts in a firm and vigorous manner 
 to encourage and promote in every possible way its commercial 
 and industrial progress, so as to give the fullest development to 
 all the natural advantages of the port, and provide for speedy 
 and ample transportation of merchandise throughout the State ; 
 adjust matters relating to trade, and to establish such customs 
 and ordinances as shall secure and maintain a unity of action 
 for the public good ; and such general supervision of the harbor 
 necessary to prevent encroachments and secure sufficient depth 
 of water; establish port regulations and suitable harbor and 
 coast defences so as to render it safe at all times, and to facili- 
 tate in every possible way encouragement of commerce, and to 
 prevent discrimination to our disadvantage in the movement of 
 merchandise on the sea, or on the land : " the importance also 
 of bringing the merchants and business men together once a 
 day on 'change from 12i until 1 o'clock P. M., in front of the 
 Post Office, in order to cultivate and promote a business ac- 
 quaintance and to unite in mutual efforts to enhance the inter- 
 ests of all, was recognized as an element to be promoted by the 
 organization. 
 
 After discussing whether to adopt the name of "Chamber of 
 Commerce" or "Board of Trade" the latter title was adopted, 
 together with the following : 
 
 Preamble Believing in the necessity of an association of citizens to give 
 tone and energy to their efforts in securing the advantages which the position of 
 the city offers to commerce, trade and manufactures ; as well as to promote unity 
 of action, and to cultivate a more intimate and friendly acquaintance among the 
 business men of the city; and that these ends may he obtained by the establish- 
 ment of a Board of Trade: We, citizens of Portland, do therefore agree to 
 form such an association, and to be governed by the constitution and code of 
 by-laws 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 
 
 13 
 
 JEDEDIAH JEWETT, 
 
 *T. C. HERSEY, 
 
 The organization was completed by the choice of the follow- 
 ing officers : 
 
 PRESIDENT, 
 
 *WM. W. WOODBUKY. 
 
 VICE PRESIDENTS, 
 
 H. J. LIBBY. 
 
 DIRECTORS, 
 
 JAMES L. FARMER, *CHAS. M. DAVIS, 
 
 *EBEN STEELE, *HIRAM COVELL, 
 
 GEO. W. WOODMAN, *A. K. SHURTLEFF, 
 
 *JOHN C. BROOKS. 
 
 TREASURER, 
 
 JONAS H. PERLEY. 
 
 SECRERAKY, 
 
 HENRY FOX. 
 
 COMMITTEE OF ARBITRATION, 
 
 *N. F. DEERING, *A. L. HOBSON, 
 
 H. J. LIBBY, *C. S. CARTER, 
 
 *CHARLES M. DAVIS. 
 
 PORT WARDENS, 
 
 *WM. CAMMETT, 
 
 P. H. Brown, 
 *Nath'l Blanchard, 
 *Henry Bailey, 
 *J. L. Boothby, 
 *Alvah Conant, 
 
 C. H. Cram, 
 
 N. O. Cram, 
 *Merritt Coolidge, 
 
 Eben Corey. 
 *Caleb S. Carter, 
 
 John Conley, 
 *Charles E. Cram, 
 *Daniel L. Choate, 
 *Luther Dana, 
 
 W. S. Dana, 
 *Fred'k Davis, 
 *N. F. Deering, 
 *Hophni Eaton, 
 *Daniel Evans, 
 
 J. S. Fillebrown, 
 *Jas. E. Fernald, 
 *D. H. Furbish, 
 
 MEMBERS, 
 
 J. H. Fletcher, 
 J. B. Fillebrown, 
 *Eliphalet Greely, 
 *Wni. Hammond, 
 *J. F. Hall, 
 *Edw. Howe, 
 *Chas. H. Haskell, 
 *Joseph Hale. 
 H. H. Hay, 
 *A. L. Hobson, 
 *Robert Ilsley, 
 *Luther Jewett, 
 *William Kimball, 
 *E. M. Leavitt, 
 James W. Leavitt, 
 John Lynch, 
 James S. Marrett, 
 *A. R. Mitchell, 
 *Reuben Ordway, 
 *Seward W. Porter, 
 *John Purington, 
 *J. C. Remick, 
 
 *CHAS. M. DAVIS. 
 
 *J. W. Russell, 
 *Jas. E. Robinson, 
 *Nath'l Ross, 
 *Abner Shaw, 
 *A. E. Stevens, 
 
 Thos. Shaw, 
 *St. John Smith, 
 
 O. P. Shepherd, 
 
 William Senter, 
 *William Stewart, 
 
 H. P. Storer, 
 *Sam'l Tyler, 
 
 C. C. Tolman, 
 *W. W. Woodbury, 
 *John M. Wood, 
 *Rufus E. Wood, 
 *Wm. H. Wood, 
 
 Alfred Woodman, 
 *S. B. Waite, 
 
 Thomas H. Weston. 
 
 * Deceased 54. Now living 25. 
 
14 BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 At a subsequent meeting Mr. Woodbury sent in his resigna- 
 tion as President, and John B. Brown, Esq., was unanimously 
 elected to that office, to which he was afterwards successively 
 re-elected until 1863, when he declined a further election, and 
 was succeeded by Hon. T. C. Hersey. 
 
 INCORPORATION. 
 
 Early in the following year the Board of Trade, of Portland, 
 was incorporated by the following Act of Legislature, approved 
 March 22, 1854. 
 
 STATE OF MAINE. 
 In the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty- 
 
 four, an act to incorporate the Board of Trade, of Portland. 
 Be it enacted l)y the Senate and House of Representatives in 
 
 Legislature assembled, as follows: 
 
 SECTION 1. The Board of Trade of Portland, a voluntary 
 association now existing in the city of Portland for the purpose 
 of securing the advantages which the position of the city offers 
 to commerce, trade and manufactures, is hereby created a body 
 politic and corporate by the same name and with power to take 
 by purchase, bequest, or otherwise, and to hold, transfer and 
 convey real and personal property to the amount of fifty thous- 
 and dollars, the legal title of which shall be in the Board of 
 Managers. 
 
 SECTION 2. Such corporation shall have power to prose- 
 cute and defend suits of law and in equity ; to have and to use 
 a common seal ; to appoint two or more port wardens, and such 
 number of pilots for the harbor of Portland, as said Board may 
 deem necessary for the safety and convenience of the commerce 
 of said port, and also to fix such compensation for the services 
 of said pilots, as said Board may deem just and reasonable ; also 
 to appoint a committee of arbitration to decide all disputed 
 accounts, contracts and controversies of a mercantile or com- 
 mercial character that may be brought before said Committee 
 by the members of said Board ; and the present constitution and 
 by-laws of said Board of Trade, not repugnant to the constitution 
 and laws of this State, shall continue in force under said cor- 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 15 
 
 poration until changed by the corporation ; and shall have all 
 the powers and privileges, and be subject to all the duties and 
 liabilities belonging to similar corporations in this State. 
 
 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, ) 
 March 17th, 1854. J 
 
 This bill having had three several readings, passed to be 
 enacted. 
 
 PR'S G. BUTLER, Speaker, pro tern. 
 
 IN SENATE, March 18, 1854. 
 This bill having had two several readings, passed to be enacted. 
 
 S. STARK, President, pro tern. 
 March 22, 1854, Approved. 
 
 WM. G. CROSBY. 
 
 The existing constitution and by-laws were subsequently 
 adopted and are in force to-day. 
 
 THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE BOARD 
 
 Was not unlike that of kindred organizations of its day, of 
 other and larger municipalities, attracting but little attention 
 nor carrying much influence until it began to operate in the 
 developement of commerce, and in extending manufacturing 
 interests and shaping the City's natural advantages with a 
 power and influence not hitherto reached, giving a vigorous 
 co-operation soon felt and recognised abroad as an agency des- 
 tined to place Portland in her proper rank among the commer- 
 cial cities of the world. 
 
 Before the Board had a permanent home, its meetings were 
 held for a while in the Mercantile Library Rooms in the Free 
 Street Block, in the u Fox Block," on Middle Street, and occa- 
 sionally at Mr. Brown's counting room, or at Collector Jewett's 
 office in the Custom House, until it moved to its present local- 
 ity on Exchange Street, in 1863. 
 
 The greatest and most important event in the first year's 
 history of the Board was the Dinner given at Lancaster Hall, 
 
16 BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 on the twentieth of December, 1853, in honor of the arrival of 
 the British Steamer, Sarah Sands at this port, this being the 
 pioneer ship in the opening of regular steam communication 
 between Europe and Portland. The event was a momentous 
 one for Portland, and was creditably recognized and commemo- 
 rated by her citizens, in which the Board of Trade figured most 
 conspicuously. 
 
 The Sarah Sands, a steamship of 1300 tons, belonging to the 
 Canadian Steam Navigation Company, commanded by Captain 
 Washington Ilsley, a native of Portland, left Liverpool for 
 Portland on the 28th of November, 1853, with two hundred 
 and five passengers and full freight, making the passage in 
 eighteen days and ten hours her arrival was heralded by the 
 ringing of bells and the firing of cannon the whole town soon 
 filled the streets and covered the wharves, and great was the 
 pomp and circumstance surrounding the occasion. The Board 
 of Trade having previously invited the notables and dignataries 
 of Canada connected with the Steamship Company, as well as 
 with the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroad Company, to be 
 present at a Banquet to be given here three days after the arri- 
 val of the Sarah Sands, consequently there was quite a large 
 "foreign element" present to welcome the event. Probably if 
 the whole of England should be dumped into Portland harbor 
 to-day it would not create more consternation and u fuss" than 
 did the "Sarah Sands" swinging at her anchor in our harbor 
 on that day of her arrival. 
 
 The two hundred and five passengers were fairly landed on 
 the first day, also the mails, but it took about two weeks to 
 unload and dispatch the cargo of a thirteen hundred ton ship, 
 whereas now we see a six thousand ton ship discharged at our 
 wharves in thirty-six hours ; but Mr. Bellhouse the agent of the 
 Sarah Sands insisted upon having all matters " amicably adjus- 
 ted " before he would allow the unloading of the ship to proceed, 
 and then no faster than the goods could be landed in good order. 
 
 On the next Monday, December twentieth, the Board of 
 Trade celebrated the coming in of the Sarah Sands by a grand 
 
JONAS H. PEKLEY. 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 17 
 
 dinner at Lancaster Hall, on the corner of Congress and Centre 
 Streets, erected by the late Hon. John B. Brown, who was then 
 President of the Board of Trade, and who presided at the din- 
 ner. The occasion was made memorable by many happy inci- 
 dents, and its success was largely due to Messrs. Jedediah 
 Jewett, T. C. Hersey, Charles M. Davis, H. J. Libby, Edwin 
 Churchill and George W. Woodman, who with the president 
 constituted the committee. 
 
 The hall on this occasion was handsomely decorated, and the 
 Lion and Eagle, surrounded by the national colors of both 
 countries, were conspicuous among the decorations. The tables 
 were elegantly spread, and the feast was prepared by Mr. R. L. 
 Robinson; the bills of fare were printed on white satin. About 
 six o'clock the company entered the hall, and the festivities 
 were prolonged until a late hour in the evening. 
 
 The post-prandial exercises were opened by Mr. Jedediah 
 Jewett, who gave us a toast "United States and Canada/' This 
 was followed by the baud playing, "Hail, Columbia !" and "Rule, 
 Britannia!" Rev. Dr. Carruthers, of the Second Parish, who 
 had resided five years in Montreal, responded for Canada. He 
 was followed in a short speech by Mr. Bellhouse, agent of the 
 Canadian Navigation Company, which corporation, acting with 
 the Atlantic & St. Lawrence Railroad, had chartered the first 
 foreign steamer to this port. Mr. Bellhouse announced that 
 the Sarah Sands was to be followed b}' the steamer "Cleopatra" 
 (1500 tons) which would be the next ship dispatched to Port- 
 land. 
 
 Mayor J. B. Cahoon, in responding to the sentiment "The 
 City of Portland," made the speech of welcome. It was a 
 splendid effort. 
 
 The health of Capt. Ilsley was proposed, and as he rose to 
 thank the assembly for the honor done him, the sweet strains of 
 "Home, Sweet Home," were played by the band. The Captain 
 spoke briefly, but to the point. His former associations with 
 Portland were feelingly remembered, and while he congratulated 
 our citizens upon the commercial outlook, he felt proud of the 
 
18 BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 honor given him of bringing into port the first steamship of the 
 line. 
 
 A toast was next given Judge William P. Preble, the first 
 president of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroad. Judge 
 Preble was ill at home, but a note from him was listened to with 
 pleasure. Hon. Josiah S. Little responded for the Grand Trunk 
 Railway, remarks were made by Rev. Dr. Nichols, and Gen. 
 Samuel Fessenden delivered a long and able speech. 
 
 The health of "Her Majesty the Queen," was proposed by 
 Charles P. Ilsley, and in his allusions to the Sarah Sands the 
 genial "Pic" was at his best. Mr. D. Starr, the British consul 
 at this port, replied to the toast to Queen Victoria. Mr. Charles 
 Holclen, then editor of the Argus, responded for "the press of 
 Portland and Montreal." Sir Alexander T. Gait, and many 
 other Canadian notables, expected to attend the dinner, but 
 could not reach this city in season. 
 
 Among other speakers of the evening are recalled the names 
 of John A. Poor, Mr. Rynas of Montreal, Mr. Barnes, T. C. 
 Hersey, Mr. Mitchell of Montreal, P. F. Varnum, C. A. Alex- 
 ander, Capt. Edwin Churchill, J. B. Fillebrown, Henry Fox, Mr. 
 Weston, Thomas H. Talbot, D. H. Furbush, and Mr. Duane. 
 During the evening Mr. John Roberts favored the company 
 with a fine song: and after several hours of enjoyment, the sing- 
 ing of "Auld Lang Syne" brought the festivities to a close, and 
 thus the first complimentary dinner given by the Board of 
 Trade passed into history as an occasion worthy of long remem- 
 befance. 
 
 The next dinner given by the Board was in 1856, to Capt. 
 Wm. McMasters, of steamer Anglo-Saxon, the first ship of the 
 Edmonstone, Allan & Co. line (which succeeded the Canadian 
 line) and was served by Nathan J. Davis at the Commercial 
 House, then situated on Fore street, opposite the present 
 Custom House. 
 
 STEAMSHIP "GREAT EASTERN." 
 
 Next to the advent of the first steamer to Portland in im- 
 portance that the Board of Trade had to grapple with in its 
 early days, was the prospective coining to the "natural seaport" 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 19 
 
 of the largest vessel in the world. Early in 1856 it was inti- 
 mated that the "Great Eastern," then building in England, 
 would probably make her first voyage to Portland on account 
 of our abundant depth of water and safe anchorage for a ship 
 of her great size (18,915 tons). The Board took the earliest 
 opportunity to make ample arrangements to accommodate the 
 great influx of visitors that the event promised to draw to the 
 city and to provide suitable dockage, and co-operated with the 
 city in the construction of the two large piers built for the pur- 
 pose at a cost of 860,000, that stand to day a monument of the 
 public enterprise of the citizens of Portland of that day, though 
 the ship never came ; it was from no want of ample preparations 
 on their part. 
 
 COAST COMMUNICATION. 
 
 Previous to 1860 it had become evident to members of the 
 Board, that not only the long line of sea coast towns but the 
 British Maritime Provinces should be supplied with better and 
 more speedy communication with this port, to invite the trade 
 that would naturally seek our markets, with better facilities 
 for moving goods, which discussions lead to the inception of 
 the International Steamship Company; and the substantial and 
 beautiful line of steamers that now ply between Portland and 
 the lower Provinces and eastern seaport towns of the State, not 
 only took its origin and has had the fostering care of this 
 Board, but a regular line of sailing Packets was established by 
 the Board, soon after, to reach all principal ports along the 
 coast as far east as Jonesport and Machias, which subsequently 
 eventuated in the Steamers DeWitt Clinton, to Rockland and 
 Camden, the Charles Houghton to Waldoboro, and finally the 
 establishment of the Portland and Machias Steamship Com- 
 pany, which brought thousands of dollars' worth of business to 
 Portland from many ports that had not previously traded a dol- 
 lars' worth in this market. 
 
 THE VISIT OF WESTERN MERCHANTS. 
 
 Xot only did the Board direct its attention to secure the 
 eastern trade, to which the city was legitimately entitled, but 
 it had now become patent to its members that it onlv wanted a 
 
20 BOARD OF TRADE. 
 
 better acquaintance of the people of the Western cities with 
 our people and our advantages and opportunities for business, 
 to bring a large trade, to secure an interchange of consign- 
 ments. To this end, in June 1863, Mr. T. C. Hersey offered 
 the following: "Resolved, that an inviation be extended to the 
 Boards of Trade of Detroit, Chicago, and Milwaukee, to visit 
 Portland at such time in July or August as may be agreed on 
 by them." It was subsequently agreed to extend same invita- 
 tion to the Montreal and Quebec Boards. The invitations 
 were accepted and ample preparations made for their reception 
 and entertainment, and on the evening of August 13th the sev- 
 eral delegations arrived in this city, numbering about one hun- 
 dred and twenty-five from Chicago, forty from Detroit, fifty 
 from Milwaukee, and those from Canada with ladies accom- 
 panying Western delegates, made about two hundred and fifty 
 visitors, many of whom received the kind hospitality of private 
 residences, as guests of family circles; others, guests of the 
 Board of Trade at the hotels, where the most liberal and 
 sumptuous provisions were made for their comfort and pleasant 
 sojourn while here. The delegations were formerly received 
 by the citizens the following morning at the City Hall, where 
 'change was held from 11 until 2 o'cfock P. M., and the guests 
 welcomed to the hospitalities of the city by the President of 
 the Board of Trade and the Mayor, and the time occupied in 
 speech, sentiment and social intercourse, and in the evening 
 the Board gave a levee and supper in City Hall, at which the 
 ladies were invited, and which proved a brilliant affair and 
 afforded great pleasure to our guests. 
 
 HIGH 'CHANGE AT CITY HALL. 
 
 The programme invited all to meet at eleven o'clock Friday, 
 A. M ., at the new City Hall, on 'change, for introduction to 
 members of the Exchange and of the Board of Trade, and for a 
 general hand shaking with the citizens. The black boards were 
 in position there, and telegraphic bulletins displayed from time 
 to time as fast as received throughout the morning. Merchan- 
 dise and many special products of our city and State were dis- 
 played there in profusion, and for a while we enjoyed all the 
 
WOODBURY S. DANA. 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 21 
 
 gush and bustle of a Western Board, and it was wonderful how 
 the occasion drew out and widened the ideas of our people 
 and how many "sharp corners" were knocked off at the Island 
 excursion the next day, will never be wholly known. Like a 
 bunch of keys the committee kept the "Brass Band" in their 
 pockets during the whole time, and had music on all and every 
 change in the programme, or as Porteous said "music all the 
 time." The Island feast was at "Little Quohog Island," under 
 the following committee of arrangements : T. C. Hersey, Jede- 
 diah Jewett, W. S. Dana, Jonas H. Perley, Wm. F. Safford, 
 Henry Fox, John Lynch, 0. M. Marrett, Thos. E. Twitchell, 
 A. K. Shurtleff, James O. Brown, Wm. L. Southard, James E. 
 Carter, J. B. Fillebrown, F. O. Libby, F. C. Moody, Geo. W. 
 Woodman, .E. E. Upham, Rensallear Cram, Chas. E. Jose, A. 
 W. H. Clapp, Daniel F. Emery, M. N. Rich, H. I. Robinson, 
 John Q. Twitchell, Jacob McLellan, Wm. W. Thomas, Rufus E. 
 Wood, St. John Smith, H. Warren Lancy, Nathan Cummings, 
 Horatio Hill, J. C. Stevens, Ezra Carter, Jr., Augustus E. Ste- 
 vens, Warren Brown. 
 
 THE CLAM BAKE. 
 
 Saturday morning the members of the Board and of the 
 Merchants Exchange took their Western friends on an excur- 
 sion among the islands in the steamer "Forest City," visiting 
 the fortifications, the party numbering about fifteen hundred 
 and landing on Diamond Island enjoyed a New England 
 Clam Bake, the bill of fare including sixty bushels clams, ten 
 bushels potatoes, sixty dozen ears corn, two hundred and fifty 
 lobsters, ten bushels oysters, twenty codfish, eighty dozen eggs, 
 eighty quarts baked beans, one hundred gallons coffee, sixty 
 gallons ice cream and a good supply of other "fixings" necess- 
 ary to enhance the "feast of wit and the flow of soul." The 
 whole thing was a grand success and repeatedly acknowledged 
 as such by our Western friends. Chicago in its official resolu- 
 tions declared "That there is no record of such an excursion, 
 so many miles of rail traveled free, such generous hospitalities 
 and unbounded welcome that marked an era in the connection 
 of the East with the West, one and indivisible now and for- 
 
22 BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 ever," and the Detroit Board resolved u That never in the 
 history of the country was an excursion of such Imposing num- 
 bers, extended journey and useful purposes, so well devised and 
 liberally accomplished, and the Milwaukee Chamber of Com- 
 merce resolved "Never was there a more generous invitation ex- 
 tended by the commercial men of an Atlantic city to their com- 
 mercial bretheren in the West, than that by the Board of Trade 
 of Portland, and none can ever be more successfully and com- 
 pletely carried out in all its details of enjoyment. The 
 Detroit Commercial Advertiser said : "There were no mistakes, 
 no jars, and whether at the reception, the excursion, or levee, 
 every arrangement was complete, every preparation ample and 
 everywhere we received the same courteous treatment, the same 
 hospitalit}^." 
 
 These and similiar personal expressions from most all of our 
 visitors as well as results that have followed are reassuring that 
 the objects of the Board were fully realized, indeed the results 
 of acquaintances thus made, can scarcely be measured. Large 
 consignments of flour and grain were soon made to Agencies 
 here. 
 
 FLOUR INSPECTION. 
 
 The impetus given to the grain and flour trade by the visit 
 of so many Western business men to Portland, soon suggested 
 the necessity of a Flour Inspection for Portland to protect the 
 reputation of sales made in this market and the Board of Trade 
 early in that year appointed an efficient committee which estab- 
 lished a standard for the various brands adopted by the trade, 
 and the standard samples were deposited in the Board of Trade 
 room for reference, and the Board was empowered to nominate 
 the Inspector who was to hold the office only at the option of 
 the Board, and to which body the Inspector was held responsible 
 for the faithful and efficient discharge of his duties. This sys- 
 tem continued with satisfactory results until the great fire of 
 1866 when the standard samples were destroyed, since, which, 
 there has been less attention given to efficient inspection, and 
 the trade, at least know that "Board of Trade" brands now sold 
 in this market are only nominally so. 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 23 
 
 DISCRIMINATING RATES OF FREIGHT. 
 
 Late in 1862 considerable complaint was made by our mer- 
 chants that freight from the West, for Boston via Portland, 
 over the Grand Trunk road, was taking the preference in re- 
 gard to dispatch as well as rates of freight, and that at certain 
 seasons during heavy movements, Portland's local freight was 
 often refused, to give dispatch to through freight to Boston, 
 even at less rates than was exacted for Portland, hence Port- 
 land merchants complained that such ruinous and unfair com- 
 petition was working badly for Portland, and the Board took 
 the earliest measures to have Manager Brydges meet the Board 
 in conference, upon the subject, which he did and denied the 
 whole complaint, or a knowledge of any such injustice, and 
 promised if there was any grounds for complaint to have such 
 obsticles removed. But the trouble was not entirely cured, till 
 the citizens took a determined and effective action, for a com- 
 peting through line to the West, of which we speak more fully 
 later on. 
 
 STEAM CRUISERS. 
 
 In the early part of the Rebellion, after the Revenue Cutter, 
 Caleb Gushing had been destroyed by the "Tacony Pirates," 
 and the exposed and unprotected condition of our harbor and 
 towns along the extended line of our sea-coast, being thus left 
 without any armed vessel, the Board was immediately called 
 together, and our condition in the exigencies of these times con- 
 sidered, and the Secretary of the Navy urgently requested to at 
 once place an efficient war- steamer or armed vessel to cruise off 
 our port and coast for the protection of our' commerce. The 
 Secretary of the Navy at once complied with the request and 
 also despatched a Revenue Cutter to do this duty at this port 
 temporarily, until the fine new steam-cutter Mahoning, a pow- 
 erful and swift steamer, in command of Capt. Webster, was 
 ready for service and was subsequently sent to this station, and 
 rendered most valuable service in these waters for several years 
 thereafter. 
 
 The Board subsequently adopted the following : Resolved, 
 That we recommend all ship owners to place on board their ves- 
 
24 BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 sels such armament and additional crew as will protect them 
 against the attacks of the small piratical cruisers which infest 
 the seas, and we recommend our insurance companies to encour- 
 age such arming of merchant vessels, by discriminating rates of 
 insurance. 
 
 These recommendations were generally adopted by our steam- 
 ers and larger class vessels. 
 
 PRIZE VESSELS. 
 
 The Board expressed the opinion, that a proportion of prize 
 vessels, captured from time to time during the war, if brought 
 to Portland could be sold as favorable to interested parties, as 
 at any other port, and with less delay and expense attending 
 the ajudication and sale here, than in any other considerable 
 port on the Atlantic, and the Board adopted a resolution re- 
 questing the Secretary of the Navy to thus dispose of vessels 
 sold under reprisal. 
 
 A DRY DOCK. 
 
 At the annual meeting of 1864 a vigorous movement was 
 made towards building a dry dock at this port, of a capacity 
 sufficient to take out the largest classed vessels afloat. Since 
 the days of building larger class vessels, had rendered our rail- 
 ways inadequate to meet the necessities of commerce, much of 
 which, it had for a long time been evident was being diverted 
 from the port, by the reluctance of shipmasters, in all parts of 
 the world to take freights, or to charter for ports without suita- 
 ble facilities for possible needed repairs. To this end a com- 
 mittee was appointed to solicit subscriptions to stock, and in 
 five days the necesary amount of 8150,000 was subscribed. A 
 charter was obtained and the present dock at Cape Elizabeth 
 was built the following year. 
 
 HOTEL ACCOMMODATIONS. 
 
 For several years prior to 1864 it was apparent that the 
 want of better hotel accommodation was effecting to turn 
 many traders and business men from the markets of Portland 
 to Boston and other cities, and the Board appointed a com- 
 mittee to confer with capitalists, and to take such measures as 
 would secure ample and first-class public houses. Since which 
 
GEORGE W. WOODMAN. 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 25 
 
 the hotel accommodation of Portland has been equal to any 
 city in New England. 
 
 BUOYS AND STEAM WHISTLES. 
 
 Shortly after the wreck of the British steamship, Bohemian, 
 the Board deemed a thorough examination of all the rocks and 
 shoals lying in the vicinity of the approaches of the harbor ex- 
 pedient, for the purpose of ascertaining if all dangers were prop- 
 erly marked by suitable buoys. After such examination the 
 Government was memorialized to cause such dangers to be 
 appropriately marked, which was done by the coast survey. 
 The Board also petitioned for steam whistles at certain danger- 
 ous points of approach to our harbors. 
 
 PILOTAGE. 
 
 Tho Board of Trade being empowered in its charter to 
 appoint a suitable number of pilots for the port of Portland and 
 there never having been any authorized pilots appointed by the 
 Board, the subject was brought before them early in 1864. A 
 committee was appointed to consider and arrange for a volun- 
 tary system of pilotage. The committee reported favorable to 
 the appointment of three competent pilots, but fearing such 
 measure might be initiatory to a compulsory system in the 
 future, the subject was indefinately postponed. Meantime, the 
 President and Secretary of the Board of Trade are authorized 
 to issue certificates to competent pilots, when such documents 
 are required, and these Board of Trade certificates are recognized 
 by the London Board of Trade. 
 
 BREAKWATER HARBOR LIGHT. 
 
 In January 1854 the Board memorialized Congress for a har- 
 bor light on the breakwater, and also to rebuild the Custom 
 House (Exchange building) that was destroyed by fire about 
 that time, both of which were subsequently granted, and in 
 April of the same year the Board petitioned the City Council, 
 to request the Superintendent of the U. S. coast survey to 
 make accurate survey of Portland harbor and connecting 
 waters, to establish water lines for wharves, and to increase the 
 depth of water, which was also granted, and elaborate details 
 published of the work. 
 
26 BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 HARBOR FORTIFICATIONS. 
 
 Early in 1857 the Board petitioned Congress for a fortifica- 
 tion on Hog Island ledge, and the proper fortification of such 
 other points commanding the entrance of the harbor as might 
 be deemed expedient. Fort Gorges was constructed as soon as 
 possible and was regarded as a formidable fortress at the time of 
 completion, but the Rebellion demonstrated, that long range 
 and powerful rifled ordnance required more extended "out 
 posts," and territory has been secured for batteries to com- 
 mand the more distant approaches to the harbor, which was ad- 
 vised by the officers of the Board. 
 
 THE RECIPROCITY TREATY. 
 
 The proposed abrogation of the Canadian Reciprocity Treaty, 
 in 1864, engrossed much attention of the Board and a committee, 
 of which Hon. T. C. Hersey was chairman, was appointed to 
 thoroughly investigate the subject in all its bearings regarding 
 the fisheries, the trade, and commerce, not only of our city and 
 State, but of the country at large. The investigations of the 
 committee were thoroughly discussed in open meeting by most 
 of the membership of the Board, who were so unanimously com- 
 mitted to an equitable treaty, that the committee was instructed 
 to attend the Qommercial convention held at Detroit, Mich., in 
 July 1865, to oppose the abrogation of the treaty which was 
 done in an able speech by President Hersey. And again in 
 Feb. 1866 the Board adopted a series of resolutions to Congress 
 favoring an equitable treaty with British North America, and 
 has several times since, as often as the subject has come before 
 commissioners of either Government, re-affirmed the policy 
 of reciprocal trade to which it was so early committed. 
 IMPROVED MAIL FACILITIES. 
 
 During the Rebellion, when so many people were called from 
 their homes, and the United States Mail increased ten-fold, and 
 the Postmaster of Portland persisted in handling the mails 
 without any increase of force, or improved methods, to the in- 
 convenience and discomfiture of the larger part of the commun- 
 ity, many of whom were obliged to wait for hours for postage 
 or the delivery of letters, while the single delivery win- 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 27 
 
 dow remained closed for an indefinite time. The Board sent a 
 memorial, together with a unanimously signed petition (14 foot 
 long) of the citizens, to the Post Master General, asking the 
 desired improvements in our postal arrangements, which request 
 was promptly granted, and the Post Master here directed to 
 keep the cashier's window open for the sale of stamps during 
 all business hours, also to place boxes at several convenient 
 points, romote from the office, for the reception of letters. 
 WRECKED EMIGRANTS. 
 
 The wreck of the British steamship "Bohemian" off this port 
 on the 22d of February, 1864, by which several emigrant pass- 
 engers lost all their effects, and were left in a destitute and 
 helpless condition, in a foreign country, among strangers, objects 
 of pity, requiring immediate relief from the charitable, the 
 Board of Trade was believed to be the most direct and effective 
 agency of reaching the public sympathy in behalf of the suffer- 
 ers, and a subscription was started and some $ 1.500 and much 
 clothing was contributed, and judiciously distributed to the 
 distressed people, who were all comfortably clothed, fed and 
 furnished with sufficient money to take them to their destina- 
 tion, which act was officially recognized by the British Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 RELIEF FOR THE SOUTH. 
 
 Immediately following the charities in behalf of the wrecked 
 emigrants, 87,671.64 was raised in the same way, through the 
 agency of the Board for the relief of sufferers of the Rebellion 
 in East Tennessee, which was duly acknowledged as follows: 
 "Resolved, That on behalf of the people of East Tennessee, we 
 hereby tender our heartfelt thanks to the citizens of Portland 
 for their noble and disinterested zeal in behalf of our suffering 
 people, and to each individual of the tens of thousands in the 
 North who have so generously contributed to save our people 
 from starvation." 
 
 A NEW CUSTOM HOUSE. 
 
 In the year 1865, the United States Treasury Department 
 submitted to the Board plans for a new Custom House at this 
 port, on the site of the old Custom House, on the corner of Fore 
 
28 BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 and Pearl streets. On examining it, the opinion prevailed that 
 the location was too far east, considering the drift towards the 
 western section of the city, as well as inadequate to meet the 
 requirements of a suitable building for the growing commerce 
 of the port. The Board recommended a location on Commer- 
 cial street in the vicinity of the entrance of Center street. The 
 government architect approved the plans of the Board, but an 
 appropriation for the purchase of the site failed to pass Congress 
 and the new edifice was erected upon the old location, a mistake 
 obvious to all. 
 
 MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. 
 
 The manufacturing interests of the city have always received 
 the generous co-operation of the Board and the influence of the 
 organization has been thrown in favor of all new enterprises of 
 merit. In 1865 the Board appointed a committee to visit some 
 of the leading manufacturers in various other cities of New En- 
 gland and to report such branches of manufactures as could be 
 profitably established in this city, and among other things the 
 committee recommended to the Board the establishment of a 
 joint stock company with a capital of $50,000, for the manufac- 
 ture of the Johnson's Steam Fire Engines, resulting in their 
 manufacture here. At this time, the buildings of the Rolling 
 Mills were up and the machinery going in. This was also one 
 of the off-spring of the Board. About this time, in 1865, the 
 Board was pushing, with great energy, for a sugar refinery in 
 this city, to stimulate the importations of sugar, and extended 
 aid through committees and otherwise to the Portland Company, 
 the Glass Works, the Shovel Manufactory, Sugar House and 
 various foundries and machine shops, the Kerosene Oil Works, 
 Provision Packing Houses and to boot, shoe and clothing 
 manufactures, as had their origin in this Board, or received 
 its fostering care. In 1873, the Board established a standing 
 committee, under the name of "The Board of Manufactures," 
 and appointed Walter Wells Esq., the eminent statistician, as 
 Secretary, who prepared and issued to the world a prospectus 
 of the advantages and facilities of this city and State for manu- 
 facturing. This same committee is still co-operating under the 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 29 
 
 directions of its chairman, Hon. W. W. Thomas, Jr., by confer- 
 ence or otherwise, with all seeking such interests in our vicinity. 
 
 TENEMENT HOUSES. 
 
 In 1866, the attention of the Board was called by Mr. Beck- 
 ett, then engaged in taking census of the city, to the great lack 
 of houses for small rents which was operating seriously against 
 an increase of population. The Board took such action as lead 
 to the provision of sufficient accommodation for at least five 
 thousand people in the next twelve months, by pushing into the 
 suburbs, and building pleasant homes. 
 
 DETROIT COMMERCIAL CONVENTION. 
 
 In 1865 a call was made for a convention of the Boards of 
 Trade and Chambers of Commerce of the United States and 
 British North American Provinces, at Detroit, Mich., on July 
 llth, for the consideration of the the subjects of commerce, 
 finance, transit, reciprocial trade between the United States 
 and the British Provinces, and other matters, looking to the 
 prosperity of the country and of aiding the general government 
 in the solution of the finances of the country. This Board 
 appointed the following delegates who attended : T. C. Hersey, 
 A. K. Shurtleff, T. E. Twitchell, M. N. Rich, J. S. Bedlow, R. 
 M. Richardson. 
 
 Forty-five Boards of Trade and Chambers of Commerce were 
 represented from various parts of the United States and British 
 Provinces, comprising more than four hundred members, many 
 of whom were the ablest men in the country. It was on this 
 occasion that T. C. Hersey, Esq., president of this Board, made 
 his memorable speech in favor of reciprocity in opposition to 
 the Hon. Vice-President of the United States, Hannibal Hamlin, 
 who represented the lumber interest on this occasion. It was 
 also at this convention that the National Board of Trade had 
 its origin. 
 
 THE PAYMENT OF TROOPS. 
 
 At the close of the Great Rebellion the transportation home 
 and the payment of the soldiers became a question of consider- 
 able importance. The plan then existing was that all troops 
 should return to each State Capitol for discharge and payment, 
 
30 BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 and the additional useless expense of transporting all troops 
 from Portland to Augusta, sixty miles distant, and back again 
 through this city was an needless expenditure of at least 
 $30,000, to which this Board of Trade called the early attention 
 of the general government by sending Mr. Lynch to Washing- 
 ton, who laid the matter before the quartermaster general, who 
 ordered a paymaster to be stationed at Portland to pay all 
 troops ordered there. 
 
 CITY CENSUS. 
 
 At a meeting of the Board in October, 1865, it was voted to 
 recommend the city to cause the census of the city to be taken 
 at once, and the secretary was instructed to prepare a memorial 
 to the mayor, aldermen and city council to that effect and place 
 the same in the Merchants Exchange for signatures, which hav- 
 ing been subsequently presented to the city government was 
 granted, and the census taken, the result of which is elsewhere 
 
 alluded to. 
 
 GREAT FIRE OF 1866. 
 
 The great conflagration of the memorial year of 1866, when 
 fifteen hundred buildings were destroyed, sweeping eight miles 
 of public thoroughfare, devastating an area of three hundred and 
 twenty acres in the business portion of the city, throwing ten 
 thousand people houseless and homeless upon public charity, 
 and twelve million's worth of property was wiped out, including 
 all the leading business oflices and commercial organizations 
 this money value, however, does not represent the loss of valu- 
 ble records and documents of history by many societies and cor- 
 porations. The loss to the Board of Trade by this fire, besides 
 all the property in the Merchants Exchange Room, which 
 amounted to more than $2,000, all the records of the Board, the 
 public documents, charts, maps, official papers, all the large 
 and valuable library, including twenty volumes of Willis's new 
 history of Portland, and many valuable works and reports, 
 records of arbitration, etc., that never can be replaced. In fact 
 nothing was saved from the Board of Trade room but the carpet 
 and some half dozen chairs. All the original records of the 
 Board, which were in the safe, were destroyed. The Exchange 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 31 
 
 opened, temporary rooms in Mr. D. T. Chase's store, on Long 
 Wharf, and staid there until the next summer, then moved into 
 the new building, corner Exchange and Fore street, and finally 
 returned to its present location early in 1868. 
 TAXATION OF BANK STOCK. 
 
 A repeal of the law taxing bank stock held by non-residents 
 was urged by a majority of the members, prompted by a belief 
 that the present law had the injurious effect of turning capital 
 from our State, as many holders of bank stock were disposing 
 of their shares and withdrawing much capital from our State 
 in this way, which could but exert an injurious effect upon the 
 progress of trade and commerce. A memorial was sent to the 
 legislature praying for a repeal of the law, but finally failed to 
 
 NATIONAL EXHIBITIONS. 
 
 - The Board has frequently taken action to have our city and 
 State creditably represented at the international exhibitions at 
 Paris, London and Frankfort-on-the-Main, also at Berlin, which 
 have resulted in giving some of our packing houses national 
 reputation abroad for the superiority of their productions. 
 
 DOCKS FOR IRON-CLADS. 
 
 Through the efforts of the Board, a congressional commission 
 was secured to visit this port and examine the facilities, here 
 offered, for constructing docks for the iron-clad naval vessels of 
 the United States. A committee from the Board received the 
 commission and transported them to the mouth of the Presump- 
 scot River. The commission, consisting of Gen. B. S. Alexan- 
 der, chief engineer J. W. King, of New York, and Melancthon 
 Smith, of Washington, were favorably impressed with our spac- 
 ious harbor and its fortifications. But League Island was finally 
 chosen for the locality. 
 
 REGULATION OF CURRENCY. 
 
 Soon after the close of the War, it became evident to the 
 Board that a curtailment of the currency would tend to relieve 
 the commercial embarassment of the country. Resolutions 
 were accordingly adopted and sent to Congress, urging action 
 to this end. 
 
32 BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 Subsequently the following communication was received from 
 the Secretary of the Treasury : 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT, 
 WASHINGTON, February 16, 1867. 
 DEAR SIR: 
 
 I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of certain resolutions adopted 
 by the Board of Trade, of the city of Portland, on the 20th ult. 
 
 I am pleased to learn that there is one Board of Trade in the United States 
 that takes a sensible view of the currency question. 
 
 With thanks for your courtesy in sending me the resolutions, and to the 
 Board for expressing so emphatically correct views upon a very important 
 subject, I am very truly yours, 
 
 H. McCuLLOCH, Secretary. 
 To M. N. KICH, Esq., 
 Secretary of Board of Trade, Portland, Me. 
 
 INSOLVENCY LAW. 
 
 Through the efforts of this Board, aided by the late Hon. 
 Chas. McLaughlin, the present State insolvency law was per- 
 fected and adopted, and has been regarded by such general 
 favor that the Board has been frequently consulted by the 
 general government in behalf of the preparation of a national 
 bankrupt law. 
 
 PORTLAND AND WORCESTER RETURN COMPLIMENTS. 
 
 In the fall of 1874 members of the Board of Trade were in- 
 vited to join the city government with many prominent citizens 
 to make a visit to Worcester, Mass., calling at Nashua, N. H., 
 where the party were joined by a large delegation, which accom- 
 panied the Portland delegation, all as guests of the Portland and 
 Rochester Railroad, just completed, to Worcester. The city 
 government of Worcester received and entertained the guests 
 with the most cordial hospitality. Carriages were in readiness 
 and the party taken over the city to view its attractive business 
 advantages, and in the evening an elegant banquet was given 
 at the hotel, at which the most hearty good cheer prevailed, and 
 many warm friendships were formed, 
 
 The next year Portland returned the compliment and invited 
 the city government of Worcester and the Board of Trade, also 
 kindred corporations of Nashua, N. H., and several representa- 
 tives of the press, to be the guests of the city and of the Board 
 of Trade, which was accepted. The party arrived here at noon, 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 33 
 
 passed around the Marginal Way to the Grand Trunk station, 
 where a salute of torpedoes greeted them, and through Commer- 
 cial street to Railroad wharf, where they embarked on board the 
 steamer for the Islands. Superintendent Tucker had gaily dec- 
 orated the Eastern Railroad station with flags, and a salute was 
 fired as the train passed through. The steamer went direct to 
 the Islands. The visitors, during the sail down, were busily 
 getting a view at the harbor, the facilities for business, and the 
 scenery, and were loud in their praises. Many prominent citi- 
 zens of Portland joined on board the steamer, swelling the par- 
 ty to about 350. 
 
 At the island, disembarked, and headed by Chandler's Band, 
 marched to the bake, ready to uncover. The tables were set, 
 the company was hungry. Hon. Geo. W. Woodman, president of 
 the Board, called their attention and addressed them briefly, in- 
 viting the party to partake at once of the feast. They promptly 
 seated themselves at the table and business commenced. The 
 bill of fare consisted chiefly of 28 bushels of clams, 60 dozen of 
 eggs, 60 dozen ears of corn, 375 lobsters, 1 barrel of oysters, and 
 1 barrel of sweet potatoes. 
 
 In the evening, the city government gave a ball and a supper 
 at the City Hall, which was a most delightful final to this well 
 devised excursion, of which we should have more, as nothing 
 can do so much toward promoting fraternal business relations 
 between communities. The visitors were delighted with their 
 reception, and all expressed a wish to come again. May the 
 friendly relations thus established between the two cities be con- 
 tinued to the end of time. 
 
 ELEVATOR AND STORAGE CAPACITY. 
 
 There is at present, on Gait's Wharf, in the immediate vicinity 
 of the ocean steamer docks, a grain elevator, built by the Grand 
 Trunk Railroad Co., in 1875, 101 feet in length, 53 feet wide, 
 and 107 feet high, with 42 bins for holding grain 46 feet deep, 
 of a total capacity of 150,000 bushels, all fitted with modern 
 dock elevators and large steam shovels for unloading and load- 
 ing cars and vessels. 
 
34 BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 The Board has recently taken action for securing the con- 
 struction of an additional elevator of not less than 500,000 bush- 
 els capacity at this port, and still more will, no doubt be added, 
 from time to time, as fast as the necessities require to meet ship- 
 ments coming to the port. 
 
 There is, at present, ample shed room covering six wharves, 
 for the safe care and protection of merchandise in transit 
 through this port, and with the proposed more ample grain 
 elevators, no other port on this continent will possess more 
 ample and commodious facilities for careful, expeditious and 
 cheap handling of freight, and the custom regulations here are 
 such as to facilitate the passage of merchandise to its destina- 
 tion, with the least possible delay. 
 
 SOCIAL MEETINGS. 
 
 Towards the close of his life, the Hon. John B. Brown fre- 
 quently expressed the opinion that it would be an excellent 
 thing for the Board to introduce occasional social entertainments 
 at its meetings, so as to encourage better attendance and to en- 
 hance a broader interest with its members, by bringing them 
 together around the "festive board," where more free and unre- 
 strained expression of ideas could be drawn out to the common 
 advantage of all. 
 
 The ideas of Mr. Brown were well received, but in the sharp 
 competition of trade, it seemed difficult to fix upon a time to 
 convenience a sufficient number to ensure success to this com- 
 parative inovation upon the strickly business character of Board 
 of Trade meetings, but shortly after Mr. Blabon's inaguration 
 at the head of the Board, the subject of a banquet was intro- 
 duced, and the President expressed his warm sympathy in the 
 project and appointed a committee to arrange for a suitable din- 
 ner, at one of the hotels, and arrangements were shortly after 
 perfected for such an entertainment to be given jointty by the 
 Board of Trade and the Merchants Exchange, at the Falmouth 
 Hotel, March 20th, 1886. 
 
 One hundred and seventeen sat down to the banquet, after 
 having previously enjoyed social games of cards, or a pleasant 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 35 
 
 chat in the parlors. The crowning success of *this occasion 
 seemed to be the almost entire absence of speech making the 
 assurance felt that no one should be called upon to speak re- 
 moved all restraint, and it was then and there voted to make 
 these dinners annual. Accordingly, on the 26th of March, of 
 the present year, the second annual dinner occured, and was 
 reported in the city Press as follows : 
 
 "The dinner given by the Portland Board of Trade and Mer- 
 chants Exchange, one year ago, met with such success that a 
 large attendance was assured for the second annual dinner, the 
 gentlemen who were present on the former occasion being eager 
 to enjoy the festivities of Saturday evening, which had been se- 
 lected as the time for the dinner of 1887. At the Falmouth, 
 Mr. Martin had made ample preparations for his guests, and 
 they found in the parlors cfh the front of the house, tables for 
 card playing, while the ladies' parlor was opened for the first 
 time, after being newly decorated and furnished. The members 
 of the Board began to assemble in the hotel shortly after 4 
 o'clock, and from that time until 7.15 o'clock, when dinner was 
 served, the gentlemen were constantly arriving. The card ta- 
 bles were surrounded, while animated conversation was carried 
 on in the parlors and the broad corridors. 
 
 In the large dining room there were 160 covers laid, at three 
 tables extending nearly the whole length of the room and a table 
 across the end of the apartment. Nearly every seat at the ta- 
 bles was occupied, the company numbering about 140. The 
 tables were adorned with fruits and flowers and elaborate de- 
 signs, the whole with the glittering glass and crockery having 
 an extremely pleasing effect. The dinner was excellently 
 cooked and faultlessly served. 
 
 The following is the menue : 
 
36 BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 Blue Points on Shell. 
 Bisque de Homard a la Stanley. 
 
 Celery. Radishes. 
 
 Baked Trout Sauce de Yin. 
 
 Pommes de Terres Parisiennes. Asperge Sauce a la Creme. 
 
 Turkey Cranberry Sauce. 
 
 Puree Pommes de Terre. Haricots Yerts. 
 
 Spring Lamb Mint Sauce. 
 
 Petits Pois. 
 
 Filet de Bceuf , Pique, aux Truffes. 
 
 Cotelette de Poulette a la Nivernaise. 
 
 Riz de Yeau aux Petits Pois. 
 
 Oyster Patties a la Creme. 
 Banana Fritters Sauce Yenetienne. 
 
 Champagne Punch. 
 
 Grouse Giblet Gravy. 
 
 Mallard Duck Gelee de Corinthe. 
 
 Pommes de Terre Saratoga. Lettuce a la Mayonnaise. 
 
 Salade de Poulette. Salade de Homard. 
 
 English Plum Pudding ^Sauce Sampion. 
 
 Assorted Cake. Tutti Frutti Cream. Fruit. 
 
 Cafe Noir. 
 
 President Blabon being absent from the city, Captain J. S. 
 Winslow, vice president of the Board, presided at the head of 
 the table. On his immediate right and left sat Mayor Chap- 
 man, Hon. W. W. Thomas, Jr., and the officers of the organiza- 
 tion. It was a dinner of eleven courses and it was fully two 
 hours before the cigars were passed around. Captain Winslow, 
 as soon as the dinner was over, announced that there would be 
 no formal speeches, but he had no doubt that any one who 
 wished to speak would be listened to with pleasure. Calls for 
 the mayor and other prominent gentlemen were immediately 
 heard through the clouds of smoke. Mayor Chapman said that 
 it was one of the conditions on which he was present, that he 
 should not be called upon for a speech. Mr. Thomas replied to 
 his called simply by expressing his thanks. Ex-Mayor Walker 
 stated that he could not speak for he should then be guilty of 
 obtaining goods under false pretences. He had promised many, 
 whom he had invited to attend, that there would be no speech 
 making. 
 
 The company then adjourned to the parlors, all much pleased 
 with the success of the occasion." 
 
SAMUEL J. AXDERSOX. 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 37 
 
 THE MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE. 
 
 Directly after the organization of the new management of the 
 Board of Trade in 1863, Mr. M. N. Rich, who was then con- 
 ducting the commercial news room in the Fox block, on Middle 
 street, suggested to Mr. Hersey and Mr. Jewett the advantages 
 that might be derived to the business people of Portland by 
 uniting his news room with a more eligible one on the lower 
 floor, and arrange for receiving telegraph despatches of the 
 movements of the army and of the flucuations of the market, 
 etc., all to be under the auspices of the Board of Trade. The 
 proposition was received with favor. 
 
 The first meeting, to make preliminary arrangements for the 
 present organization, was held at the residence of the late Hon, 
 Jedediah Jewett, and on the 20th of March, 1863, a subscrip- 
 tion book was opened. On the 30th of the same month a room 
 was opened in the building formerly occupying the present site, 
 and for many }^ears previous known as Patten's auction and 
 commission house, with a comfortable Board of Trade room in 
 the rear. 
 
 Mr. Jewett, who was chairman of the committee on the for- 
 mation and opening of the Exchange, conceived the idea of 
 having no newspapers on file, but that all the news should be 
 placed on a large blackboard occupying a high place against 
 the wall, and that the room should be open to the public for 
 one hour a day from eleven to twelve o'clock, when the audi- 
 ence should be "rung out" by a Chinese gong, or large bell, 
 and the room be thereafter closed for the day. This plan Mr. 
 Jewett thought would be the most effectual for insuring a 
 prompt and full attendance of business men every day, thereby 
 facilitating the sale and exchange of all kinds of commodities, 
 for which sample tables had been prepared. But the irregular- 
 ity of the despatches concerning military movements, and the 
 fluctuation of the gold market, soon compelled the abandon- 
 ment of this programme, and the room was kept open not only 
 all day, but was often crowded on Sunday by eager and anx- 
 ious throngs during the most critical hours of the rebellion. 
 Mr. Jewett's plan of excluding newspapers was gradually en- 
 
38 BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 croached upon, first by admitting a stand for a file of each of 
 the Price-Currents, in the leading cities, and then gradually, 
 other newspapers were suggested by the subscribers. 
 
 The new Exchange was very successfully dedicated with a 
 membership of two hundred subscribers, and the increase of its 
 members was so great that it was soon found necessary to re- 
 move the Board of Trade room from this to the floor above. 
 The first telegram placed upon the bulletin of the new Ex- 
 change read as follows: 
 
 "New York, 11.15 a. m. Gold opened at 1.56." On July 
 llth, 1864, Gold went to 2.85. 
 
 Other despatches followed in rapid succession and great en- 
 thusiasm was manifested throughout the day. The accessions 
 for the next two weeks carried the membership up to two hun- 
 dred and seventy, and its increase thereafter was steady and 
 rapid till there were four hundred names on the roll. 
 
 In the great fire of 1866, the building was swept away and 
 all the property of the Exchange destroyed, except its records. 
 But in the course of a month, quarters were engaged of the 
 late Mr. D. T. Chase, at No. 2 Long Wharf, and a temporary 
 room furnished in rather a rustic manner. But what these 
 quarters lacked in style and finish, was fully compensated by 
 the extraordinary facilities afforded for fishing. 
 
 March 17, 1867, the Exchange was removed from Long 
 Wharf to the second story of the new building on the eastern 
 side of Exchange, corner of Fore street. There was then three 
 hundred and forty members. This room afforded very neat 
 and comfortable quarters for the Exchange, and the Board of 
 Trade was accommodated in the adjoining room. Jan. 22, 
 1867, the Exchange completed the circuit by returning to the 
 rooms now occupied with three hundred and nineteen members. 
 
 It might be interesting to revert to some of the liberal sub- 
 scriptions of money made in these rooms during the war. 
 Those for the relief of East Tennessee, for the camp hospitals, 
 for the sanitary commission, on account of the great fire at 
 Wiscasset, for the "Bohemian Sufferers," and for the relief of 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 39 
 
 Savannah, aggregated more than thirty thousand dollars in 
 cash, within five years, for charitable purposes alone. 
 
 An act to incorporate the Merchants' Exchange was passed 
 in 1867, with a view of purchasing the land and erecting an 
 Exchange building on the then vacant lot at the corner of Ex- 
 chrnge and Milk streets, for which $20,000 was actually sub- 
 scribed, but the general depression of business, which immedi- 
 ately set in at that time, checked any further efforts by the com- 
 mittee. 
 
40 BOARD OF TRADE. 
 
 SUMMARY OF WORK. 
 
 The principal work accomplished, and that has from time to 
 time engaged the efforts of the Board of Trade to accomplish 
 and facilitate, since its organization, may be briefly summerized 
 as follows : 
 
 Meeting on 'change, May 9, 1853, from 12.30 until 1 o'clock 
 p. m., in front of the post office, memorialized Congress for a 
 harbor light on the breakwater granted in January, 1854. 
 
 1854. Asked for a United States survey of the harbor and 
 establishment of water line for wharves and deepening of water 
 granted. 
 
 1854. Petitioned the United States to remove the custom 
 house and post office granted. 
 
 1856. Prepared suitable dockage and wharfage to accommo- 
 date the "Great Eastern," and though she never came the piers 
 are still a proud monument to the enterprise of our city. 
 
 1857. Petitioned Congress to open negotiations for an inter- 
 national code to suppress privateering granted. 
 
 1857. Petitioned Congress for a fort on Hog Island ledge to 
 be called "Fort Gorges" granted. 
 
 The International Steamship company had its origin in, and 
 the fostering influences of the Board. 
 
 The opening of direct steam communication with New York 
 and Philadelphia was the work of the Board. 
 
 The Bangor and Machias steamboat company originated from 
 the regular line of sailing packets established by the Board early 
 in 1864. 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 41 
 
 The establishment of the Merchants Exchange in 1864 with 
 355 subscribers though so shamefully neglected of late years 
 is a credit to the Board. 
 
 In March, 1863, the Boston Board of Trade attempted to di- 
 vert the trade of the West with Portland by tapping the Grand 
 Trunk at Prescott with a branch to the St. Lawrence, thence by 
 steamers to Ogdensburg, &c., so as to avoid Portland. This 
 Board requested Manager Brydges of the Grand Trunk to meet 
 the Board, which he did and promised that such arrangement 
 should not be made. At the same time, a discriminating rate 
 of freight then existing in favor of Boston, was abolished. 
 
 In August, 1863, the Boards of Trade of Detroit, Chicago and 
 Milwaukee visited the city by invitation of this Board. Their 
 entertainment cost over $3,000, but the investment has paid 
 millions in the business it has since opened up. This is enough 
 in itself to justify the support of the Boaid of Trade if it had 
 never accomplished another thing ; but the story is not yet half 
 told. 
 
 A standard flour inspection was established in 1864, and it 
 was no fault of the Board that it was not perpetuated after the 
 great fire of 1866. 
 
 The steam cutter Mahoning was sent to this port through the 
 efforts of this Board during the war. 
 
 In 1863 the want of a dry dock was discussed in the Board, 
 which appointed a committee to obtain subscriptions to the 
 stock, which was all taken in one week and the dry dock built 
 the following season. 
 
 Better mail facilities and increased postal advantages of the 
 city were brought about through the efforts of this Board dur- 
 ing the war and since. 
 
 Wood's marble hotel was erected through the efforts of this 
 Board, and after its destruction, through its further efforts, 
 Mr. Brown, its first president, promised the Board he would 
 build a house that should be an honor to the city as his last 
 public building. The Falmouth is the proud monument of his 
 public spirit. 
 
42 BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 The supply of water from Sebago lake was vigorously advo- 
 cated in the Board in 1863, and persistent efforts were made 
 thereafter till the object was accomplished. 
 
 Buoys and steam whistles for Cape Elizabeth, Matinicus 
 Rock and Quoddy Head were asked for by the Board, and now 
 give notice of the dangers lying about the approaches to these 
 points in thick weather. 
 
 A compulsory pilotage tax upon the commerce of this port 
 was killed by the Board of Trade in 1863. 
 
 The proposed tariff on molasses in 1864 was so excessive as 
 to promise serious injury to the business of Portland, and a 
 special committee from this Board went to Washington and 
 succeeded in getting a modified rate of duties. 
 
 The Board raised 17,641.16 in 1864 for the relief, of suffering 
 Union people of East Tennessee, and $1,500 to relieve the dis- 
 tresses of the emigrants landed here from the wrecked steamer 
 "Bohemian." Nearly 130,000 were raised for kindred purposes 
 through the instrumentality of this Board during the years of 
 the Rebellion. 
 
 The Portland Company, Rolling Mills, Glass Works, Shovel 
 Manufactory, Sugar Refineries, and other manufacturing in- 
 dustries have in turn received support and encouragement, and 
 were about all originated by the Board, and if they were not 
 all successful it was from no fault of this organization. 
 
 In June, 1865, a committee was chosen to bring about the 
 manufacture of shoes in this city by a joint stock company with 
 a capital of not less than $50,000, which resulted in several 
 firms and individuals entering into the business which has been 
 so successful here. 
 
 The Portland & Ogdensburg Railroad was originated by the 
 Board early in 1867, and the first meeting in its behalf was 
 called by the secretary of the Board. 
 
 The National Board of Trade was organized chiefly through 
 the efforts of the Portland delegation to the great commercial 
 convention at Detroit in 1867. 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 43 
 
 The detention of merchandise at Island Pond for entry and 
 payment of duties there for goods coming over the Grand Trunk 
 to Portland, was corrected by the efforts of the Board in 1868. 
 
 Negotiations for reciprocial trade with the Canadas have been 
 persistently urged from time to time. 
 
 The relief of commerce and navigation by remission of taxation 
 on shipbuilding materials, etc., has frequently been advocated 
 in Congress through this Board. 
 
 A Board of Manufactures was established in 1871 by this 
 Board, to encourage and promote in every possible way the in- 
 vestment of capital from abroad in manufacturing interests in 
 this city. An industrial fair in 1875 was one result. 
 
 Deepening the harbor by removing the middle ground to 
 admit the largest steamships to the wharves at any time, was 
 the result of the appropriation asked of Congress by this Board 
 in 1872. 
 
 Breaking the ice in the upper harbor and around the wharves 
 in extreme cold seasons has been done and paid for by the 
 Board. 
 
 The rebuilding of the grain elevator after the fire of 1874 re- 
 ceived the earnest co-operation of a special committee from this 
 Board. 
 
 The protection of the city from the storage of oils, spirits and 
 other combustible and inflammable materials, in hazardous lo- 
 calities, and the providing of fire boats for the water front and 
 wharf property, have been frequently urged by the Board. 
 
 That the city should be always creditably represented in all 
 of the great commercial centres of the world, has been the spec- 
 ial care of the Board, where and whenever its influence could 
 be brought to bear. 
 
 A department of trade and commerce in the national cabinet, 
 now so generally urged throughout the country, was suggested 
 in this Board in 1878. 
 
 The adulteration of food and drugs has been condemned by a 
 strong protest by this Board, and prohibited by law. 
 
44 BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 The Board has protested against any and all injurious discrim- 
 ination in rates of freight or monopolies, and has interested it- 
 self for the regulation of inter-state commerce. 
 
 It has aided in securing mileage tickets for our commercial 
 travellers at the lowest possible rates. 
 
 For an equitable distribution of the Geneva award, the 
 Board took early and effective action. 
 
 The meeting of the American Association for the advance- 
 ment of science and of the National Board of Trade in this city, 
 were suggested by the Board. 
 
 The perfection of the United States signal service at this port, 
 and the greater efficiency of life saving stations, are due largely 
 to efforts of this Board. 
 
 The change of system and removal of some of the light houses 
 on this coast, pressed with an indecent obstinacy, bordering on 
 a spirit of revenge by the light house board, because the people 
 dared to remonstrate against such a dangerous measure en- 
 gaged the unceasing efforts of the Board, until the people's will 
 prevailed. 
 
 1884. Took action towards co-operating with members of 
 Congress, in devising measures looking to some check on the de- 
 cline of American shipping, through the so called Dingley Bill, 
 also to aid in perfecting the efficiency of the Revenue Marine 
 Bill. 
 
 Co-operated with the state commissioner in making a credit- 
 able show of Maine products and works of art, at the New Or- 
 Xeans Exposition. 
 
 1885. Secured legislation to suppress evils growing out of 
 itinerant traders and peddlers evading license and taxation by 
 skipping from town to town. 
 
 1886. Took action to secure further improvements to the 
 harbor and deeper water, suitable for passages of largest ships 
 at all times of tide, also aided New York Produce Exchange in 
 preparing a revised bill of Lading, to be adopted by all busi- 
 ness houses in this country and in Europe international. 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 45 
 
 Appointed a commission to co-operate with the Grand Trunk 
 Railway Company, to secure adequate elevator facilities for 
 handling grain at this port. 
 
 The fisheries and the troubles on the Canadian borders have 
 been carefully considered, and such action taken in the pre- 
 mises as seemed expedient, while yet the whole matter was in 
 the hands of the Executive, and under treaty. 
 
 1887. Petitioned Congress and urged our congressmen to 
 take action to place all our seaports in a proper state of de- 
 fence, also adopted measures to prevent the diversion of our 
 Railroads from their intended usefulness to our city. 
 
 As an arbirator and a mediator in difficulties arising or exist- 
 ing between indiviuals, corporations or governments, tending 
 to hinder the prosperity of the people, have always been 
 promptly and effectively met by the Board of Trade. 
 
 All of its good works cannot be written as much is done by 
 constant correspondence, in the way of furnishing statistical in- 
 formation of the business of the port, to other Boards and to 
 commercial houses in all parts of the country, as well as a vast 
 amount of information to Congress and the several departments 
 of the general Government. Yet enough has been mentioned 
 we hope to give an idea to those who sometimes ask "What 
 good is the Board of Trade to Portland?" 
 
46 BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 JURISDICTION OF THE BOARD 
 
 OVER PILOTS AND PORT WARDENS. 
 
 The Board of Trade by its charter is alone authorized to ap- 
 point pilots and port wardens for the port of Portland, and to 
 issue certificates to such officers under its official seal, and this 
 authority is not only recognized by the Board of Trade of Lon- 
 don and by the government of Great Britain, but also by all 
 the principal ports of the world, and though it has not been 
 considered necessary from the well known ease and safety of 
 access of this harbor to regularly appoint and commission pilots, 
 as there always so many experienced pilots at hand, yet the 
 Board has been sometimes called upon to endorse and commiss- 
 ion one or more competent persons for special service, as in the 
 case of the visit of the Monarch and other great war ships of 
 the British navy, when the remains of George Peabody were 
 sent over to this country. 
 
 As the services of port wardens are almost constantly in 
 requisition to examine the stowage of sea going vessels and 
 ocean steamers, in order to determine condition of cargoes and 
 to certify to damages for adjustment of insurance indemnities. 
 Such officers are regularly appointed, qualified and furnished 
 with an official seal to affix to their official certificate, which 
 are all matters of the most careful record and under the in- 
 spection of the officers of the Board. Great care is taken to 
 select only men of large nautical experience, well informed in 
 the methods of commerce and navigation, barratry and all the 
 laws, rules and regulations effecting charter parties and marine 
 insurance, as well as the customs regulations. And when at 
 any time a port warden is found to be incompetent, the Board 
 has authority to vacate the office and fill it with a competent 
 person. The services of the port wardens are paid by fees 
 based upon the character and extent of the services performed. 
 A special office is maintained by the port wardens in close 
 proximity to the shipping, accessible at all business hours. 
 
<;Ki>R<;E P. WESCOTT. 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 47 
 
 The nomination of a suitable and competent inspector of 
 grain loading vessels, has also been generally conceeded to the 
 Board of Trade for such officers at this port, which is now per- 
 formed with abilit}" and satisfaction, by the intelligent reporter 
 for the American Shipping Lloyds at this port. Great care is 
 exercised by the inspector, to protect underwriters we might 
 here add, also, that the Port Wardens are enjoined by the 
 Board, to exercise great care in certifying to the stowage of 
 cargos, as well as in the handling, so that merchandise suffer as 
 little as possible in the transportation or warehouse. 
 
 RULES AND REGULATIONS. 
 
 Applications for membership received at any meeting of the 
 Board, or of the managers, lie over until the next meeting of 
 the full Board, before ballot is taken. 
 
 ADMISSION FEE to the Board, 13.00. 
 
 ANNUAL ASSESSMENTS, payable on the first of January, $3.00. 
 
 To the Merchants Exchange, individual, 16.00. 
 
 To the Merchants Exchange, firms and corporations, flO.OO. 
 
 Annual meeting of the Merchants Exchange, March 30th, in 
 each year, when annual assessments commence. 
 
 Annual meeting of the Board of Trade, the second Monday 
 of January in each year. 
 
 Special meetings of the Board may be called by a majority of 
 the managers, or upon written request of ten or more members. 
 
 Stated meetings of the managers, the first Thursday in each 
 month. 
 
 A quorum of the Board consists of not less than eleven and 
 of the managers not less than five members, including a presid- 
 ing officer. 
 
48 BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 ARTICLE 1. Officers. The officers of this Board of Trade 
 shall consist of a President, three Vice-Presidents, seven Di- 
 rectors, a Secretary, and Treasurer, who shall constitute its 
 Board of Managers; they shall be chosen annually by ballot, 
 and shall hold their offices until others are duly elected and 
 qualified in their stead. 
 
 ARTICLE 2. Annual and Special Meetings. This association 
 shall hold an annual meeting on the second Monday of Janu- 
 ary, at half past seven o'clock, p. M., but special meetings may 
 be called by order of a majority of the Managers, whenever 
 they may deem it proper: and upon the written application of 
 not less than ten members, the Mamagers shall call said meet- 
 ing at the time so requested. 
 
 ART. 3. Monthly Meetings of Managers. The Managers 
 shall meet statedly on the first Thursday of every month, for 
 the transaction of such business as may come before them; and 
 at the annual meeting shall present to the association a report 
 of the proceedings of the past year. 
 
 ART. 4. Committee of Arbitration. There shall be appoint- 
 ed annually by the Managers, a Committee of Arbitration, to 
 consist of five members; two of whom may be rejected by the 
 parties submitting the case, and their places supplied if the said 
 parties so request, by two other members to be appointed by the 
 Managers. 
 
 The Chairman of said Committee shall be designated by the 
 Managers at the time of its appointment. 
 
 ART. 5. Duties of Committee of Arbitration. The duties of 
 the Committee of Arbitration shall be to arbitrate and decide 
 all disputed accounts and contracts, and all controversies of a 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 49 
 
 mercantile character, which may be brought before them by 
 the members; the parties having previously signed a bond, for 
 such an amount as said Committee may require, to abide by 
 the decision of the same. The Secretary of the Board shall 
 serve as the clerk of the Committee of Arbitration. Any mem- 
 ber who does not abide by, and comply with the decision of the 
 Committee shall be expelled from this Association by order of 
 the Managers. 
 
 ART. 6. Committee on Railroads and Steamboats. There shall 
 also be appointed by the Managers, annually, a standing Com- 
 mittee on Railroads and Steamboats, to consist of five members, 
 to whom shall be referred all matters relating to the transpor- 
 tation of merchandise and passengers to or from the city. 
 They shall annually, and whenever they deem it expedient, 
 make reports to the Managers or Board on such subjects relat- 
 ing to the various railroad and steamboat lines connected with 
 our city, with such recommendations for the action of the Man- 
 agers or Board, as they may deem it advisable. 
 
 ART. 7. Duties of Secretary. The Secretary shall keep a 
 list of the members of the Association, and also an accurate re- 
 cord of the transactions of the Managers at their monthly meet- 
 ings, and of the annual meetings of the members; attend the sit- 
 tings of the Committee of Arbitration; record their decisions; 
 give notice to said Committee when their services are required; 
 render a copy of their verdicts to the parties in the case; collect 
 the fees of arbitration, and all other moneys due the Board, and 
 pay the same over to the Treasurer; read the minutes of the 
 last meeting at the monthly meetings of the Directors, and an- 
 nual meetings of the members; and report the proceedings of 
 the Committee of Arbitration, at each meeting of the Managers; 
 and for his services, when faithfully performed, shall receive 
 such compensation as the Managers shall annually fix. 
 
 ART. 8. Duties of Treasurer. The Treasurer shall receive 
 from the Secretary all moneys belonging to the Board, shall 
 disburse the same when approved of by the President or one of 
 the Vice-Presidents, and shall report the receipts and expendi- 
 
50 BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 tures at each monthly meeting of the Managers, and annual 
 meetings of the Association. 
 
 ART. 9. Funds and Assessments. The funds of the Associa- 
 tion shall always be subject to the control of the Managers, and 
 they shall be deposited in one of the savings banks in Portland, 
 or invested when the amount thereof shall exceed two hundred 
 dollars. 
 
 ART. 10. Admission of Members. Any individual (a resident 
 of Portland) may become a member of this Association, on pay- 
 ment of a sum not exceeding ten dollars in advance. Annual 
 assessments may be made, and any refusal to pay such assessment 
 for one year, shall be considered as a withdrawal from the asso- 
 ciation, and the name of the party shall be stricken from same. 
 [See Record March 2, 1876.] 
 
 ARTICLE 11. By-laws how made. The Managers shall have 
 power to make such By-laws as they may deem necessary, which 
 shall be binding upon the association unless rejected or amended 
 at the next meeting of the association, to which they shall be 
 submitted for that purpose. 
 
 ARTICLE 12. Amendments to Constitution. This Constitution 
 shall not be altered or amended, except at a special meeting 
 called for that purpose by order of a majority of the Managers, 
 a printed notice of which meeting and the proposed alterations 
 shall be transmitted by the Secretary to each member of the 
 association. 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 51 
 
 BY-LAWS. 
 
 ARTICLE 1. A Quorum. The President, or one of the Vice 
 Presidents, shall preside at all meetings of the Board, and also 
 of the Managers. A quorum of the Board shall consist of not 
 less than eleven members, and a quorum of the Managers of not 
 less than four directors, together with the presiding officer ; but 
 in the absence of the President and all the Vice-Presidents, a 
 President pro tem. may be chosen. 
 
 ART. 2. Special Meetings. The President, or in his absence 
 either of the Vice-Presidents, shall have power on any emerg- 
 ency to call a special meeting of the Board, but the business to 
 be acted upon at such special meeting shall be given in the 
 notice of said meeting, and no other acted upon but by unani- 
 mous consent. 
 
 ART. 3. Admission of Members. Every person desirous of 
 becoming a member of this association shall be proposed at a 
 stated meeting, and if three or more negative votes shall appear 
 against any candidate, he shall not be admitted a member, nor 
 be again proposed, until after the expiration of six months from 
 the time of said rejection. On becoming a member he shall 
 sign the Constitution and By-Laws. 
 
 ART. 4. Committee of Arbitration. The Committee of Arbi- 
 tration shall render their awards in writing to the parties in 
 controversy, through the Secretary of the Board, within one 
 week after their decision shall have been made. 
 
 ART. 5. The fees of the Committee of Arbitration shall be 
 left discretionary with the committee, subject, however, in case 
 of objection, to the approval of the Managers. 
 
 ART. 6. Any member desiring the services of the Committee 
 of Arbitration, shall notify the Secretary in writing, and state 
 the character of the case to be investigated. 
 
 ART. 7. No member of the association who is cognizant of 
 any fact or facts in a case before the Committee of Arbitration, 
 
52 BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 shall refuse to give testimony before said committee, if notified 
 in writing by the Secretary of the time and place, when and 
 where his evidence may be required; upon pain of expulsion 
 from the association, unless he can give a satisfactory excuse for 
 such refusal. 
 
 ART. 8. Regular Meetings. The monthly meetings of the 
 Managers shall be held on the first Thursday of every month, 
 at the chambers of the Board, at such hour as may be ordered 
 by the President; written notice of which meeting shall be 
 given to each member of the Board. 
 
 ART. 9. Expulsion of Members. Any member who shall re- 
 fuse or neglect to comply with the Constitution and By-Laws 
 of the association, may be expelled by the vote of three-fourths 
 of the members present ; but a notice of said motion shall be 
 served on him by the Secretary, previous to the day of said 
 meeting. 
 
 ART. 10. Withdrawal of Membership. Any member who 
 may wish to withdraw from the association, shall give written 
 notice thereof, but shall not be permitted to withdraw unless he 
 shall have paid his yearly subscription. 
 
 ART. 11. Fees and Assessments. In addition to the admission 
 fee, an annual assessment, to be fixed by the Managers, shall be 
 collected by tjie Secretary, not exceeding three dollars. 
 
 ART. 12. Honorary Membership. The Board of Directors, 
 may at their discretion, admit to honorary membership any 
 member of the Board, who in the opinion of its members, may 
 be entitled to some distinguished mark of their respect and 
 gratitude, on account of extraordinary services to the Board, or 
 long and faithful membership, provided, that he shall have been 
 proposed at a preceding meeting, and receive a unanimous vote. 
 Honorary members shall not be subject to annual assessments. 
 
 ART. 13. Port Wardens. No person shall be eligible to the 
 office of Port Warden who is in any way engaged as Ship 
 Broker, Shipping Master, or any one interested in the importa- 
 tion or exportation of merchandise, or inconsistent with the 
 provisions of Revised Statue Laws of Maine. 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 53 
 
 PORT WARDENS. 
 
 PUBLIC LAWS OF MAINE. 
 SECTION 23, PAGE 343. REVISED STATUES OF 1883. 
 
 SEC. 23. Port Wardens, shall be elected in any town or city 
 situated on navigable waters, upon the petition of ten or more 
 citizens engaged in commercial pursuits therein. 
 
 SEC. 24. If in such city or town, there is a Board of Trade 
 duly incorporated, said Board shall annually elect the Port Ward- 
 ens; otherwise the municipal officers thereof shall annually elect 
 them. 
 
 SEC. 25. Said Boards of Trade by their managers or said 
 municipal officers, shall forthwith on complaint of any person 
 aggrieved, after hearing, remove for cause any Port Warden by 
 them elected, and all vacancies shall be filled by said authorities. 
 
 SEC. 26. Port Wardens shall be men of commercial or nau- 
 tical experience, and shall hold office one year from each elec- 
 tion and until others are qualified in their stead, except when 
 removed from cause, or when elected to serve out an unexpired 
 term; and they shall be sworn to faithfully perform their duties. 
 
 SEC. 27. They shall make a record of their doings and keep 
 the same in their office for inspection at any time free of charge, 
 by any person interested therein. 
 
 SEC. 28. When requested by any person interested, Port 
 Wardens shall proceed on board of any vessel on her arrival in 
 port and survey her hatches, and notice if they are properly 
 caulked and secured; and if they have been opened by some 
 person not a Port -Warden, that fact shall also be noticed, and 
 all the facts in relation to the hatches of said vessel shall be 
 entered in the official record. 
 
 They shall also examine the condition and stowage of the car- 
 go of any vessel, and if any portion of it be found to be dam- 
 
54 BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 aged, they shall inquire into and ascertain the cause thereof, 
 and make a memorandum of the same, noting particularly the 
 marks and numbers of each damaged package, and shall enter 
 the same in full in the records of their office ; and for the pur- 
 pose of ascertaining the extent of said damage, they shall exam- 
 ine goods, wares, or merchandise of any description, in any 
 warehouse or store, or on any wharf, or at any place where the 
 same are, provided, that said goods, wares, or merchandise are 
 part of the cargo, and are claimed to be damaged ; and they 
 shall note particularly the marks and numbers of every package 
 examined by them, and the extent of the damage received, and 
 all the facts in relation thereto shall be entered in the records 
 of their office. 
 
 SEC. 29. When requested in writing by any person inter- 
 ested, Port Wardens shall also survey the cargo of any vessel 
 arriving in port in distress ; and shall make and record in the 
 book of their office, a full and particular report of the condition 
 of said cargo, and of the recommendations in relation to the dis- 
 posal of such portions of the same, as in their judgment, may 
 not be in condition for re-shipment, reference being had to the 
 best interests of all concerned. 
 
 SEC. 30. When requested in writing by any person inter- 
 ested, they shall also survey any vessel, which may have suffered 
 wreck or damage, or which may be deemed unseaworthy ; and 
 such Port Wardens shall call to their assistance one merchant 
 and one shipwright, both of whom shall be competent and dis- 
 interested persons, and shall be sworn faithfully to perform 
 their duties in the examination and survey, and said Surveyors 
 and Port Wardens shall examine the hull, spars, sails, rigging 
 and all appurtenances of said vessel, arid make and record in the 
 books of the Port Warden's office a full and particular report 
 of all the surveys by them held on said vessel, specifying what 
 damage she has sustained, and what repairs, in their opinion, 
 are necessary to render her again seaworthy ; and the aforesaid 
 report shall be presumtive evidence of the necessity of such re- 
 pairs and of the sufficiency of the same when made. 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 55 
 
 SEC. 31. Port Wardens shall be allowed fees to be paid by 
 the person requesting their services, as follows : For survey of 
 hatches, two dollars ; for each survey of cargo on shipboard, one 
 dollar; for certificate of stowage of cargo, two dollars; for each 
 subsequent certificate, one dollar ; for each survey to ascertain 
 extent of damage, two dollars ; for each certificate thereof, two 
 dollars ; for each survey required by section twenty-nine, four 
 dollars ; for each certificate thereof, two dollars ; on each survey 
 as required by section thirty, for each person, two dollars ; for 
 each certificate thereof, two dollars. 
 
 SEC. 32. In the cities and towns for which they are elected, 
 Port Wardens shall have exclusive jurisdiction in all matters 
 pertaining to their duties, as specefied in this chapter ; and any 
 other person who performs or attempts to perform any such 
 duties, in any city or town, wherein there is a Port Warden, 
 forfeits for each offense one hundred dollars, to be recovered in 
 an action by any prosecutor. 
 
 NOTE. Port Wardens should have their certificate renewed annually and cer- 
 tified by the Secretary of the Board of Trade, the same to bear the official seal 
 of said Board. 
 
66 BOARD OF TRADE. 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE BOARD OF TRADE 
 
 FOB 1887. 
 
 PRESIDENT, JOSEPH E. BLABON. 
 
 YICE PRESIDENTS, 
 JACOB S. WINSLOW, WM. G. DAVIS, EBEN COREY, 
 
 DIRECTORS, 
 
 GEO. W. WOODMAN, SAM'L J. ANDERSON, GEO. WALKER, 
 WOODBURY S. DANA, THEO. C. WOODBURY, CHAS. J. WALKER, 
 
 THOMAS SHAW. 
 
 TREASURER, CHARLES S. FOBES. 
 SECRETARY, MARSHALL N. RICH. 
 
 PORT WARDENS, 
 BENJ. W. JONES, JAMES L. HOWE. 
 
 STANDING COMMITTEES. 
 
 Committee of Arbitration. FRANCIS K. SWAN, RUSSELL LEWIS, HENRY 
 M. HOWES, DAN'L W. TRUE, JOSEPH E. BLABON. 
 
 Committee on Bailroads and Steamboats. SAM'L J. ANDERSON, JOHN B. 
 COYLE, FRED'K SMITH, WESTON F. MILLIKEN, PAYSON TUCKER. 
 
 Committee on Merchants Exchange. M. N. RICH, WILLIAM W. THOMAS, 
 WM. ALLEN, JR., THEO. C. WOODBURY, CHARLES S. FOBES. 
 
 Meteorological Committee. CYRUS H. FARLEY, WILLIAM SENTER, M. N. 
 RICH. 
 
 Board of Manufactures. WM. W. THOMAS, JR., WOODBURY S. DANA, 
 H. J. LIBBY, CHARLES E. JOSE, CHARLES S. FOBES, WILLIAM 11. WOOD, 
 ALBION LITTLE. 
 
JOSEPH E. KLABOX 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 
 
 67 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF TRADE, 
 APRIL 7, 1887. 
 
 Adams, John M. 
 Atwood, Levi W. 
 Allen, Wm. Jr. 
 Anderson, Samuel J. 
 Andrews, Sullivan, C. 
 Allen, Chas. G. 
 Allen, William, C. 
 Anderson, Horace. 
 Brown. Philip H. 
 Baxter, James P. 
 Brown, W. W. 
 Brown, John M. 
 Blabon, Joseph E. 
 Barker, Clark H. 
 Burnham, Geo. Jr. 
 Bean, Wm. H. W. 
 Barrett, F. R. 
 Bailey, F. W. 
 Burbank, A. L. 
 Bickford, C. S. 
 Brown, Philip G. 
 Bolster, M. E. 
 Bancroft, Chas. O. 
 Barbour, E. Russell. 
 Butler, Harry. 
 Boothby, F. E. 
 Bartlett, M. M. 
 Bain, James. 
 Berry, Alfred H. 
 Bartlett, Chas. F. 
 Best, John L. 
 Belknap, Chas. W. 
 Belknap, Chas. B. 
 Bean, I. S. 
 Brown, Chas. D. 
 Corey, Eben. 
 Cram, N. O. 
 Champlin, J. P. 
 Carter, James E. 
 Cammett, Stephen. 
 Chase, Chas. H. 
 Clark, D. W. 
 Cleaves, Xathan. 
 Cram, Geo. O. K. 
 Coyle, J. B., Jr. 
 Cobb, John C. 
 
 Chapman, Chas. J. 
 Clifford, Wm. H. 
 Cousens, L. M. 
 Chisholm, H. J. 
 Carney, Fessenden Y. 
 Cushing, Chas. A. 
 Chase, Daniel. 
 Conley, Elisha W. 
 Champlin, Augustus. 
 Cook, Charles. 
 Chase, Andrew J. 
 Dana, W. S. 
 Davis, Wm. G. 
 Drummond, J. H. 
 Davis, Hall L. 
 Deering John W. 
 Deering, Henry. 
 Dewey, H. P. 
 Dennison, E. B. 
 Dow, Fred N. 
 DeWitt, John E. 
 Dow, Sterling. 
 Dole, Chas. E. 
 Dyer, Seth C. 
 Davis, Geo. E. 
 Dewey, A G. 
 Dow, Joseph H. 
 Emery, Mark P. 
 Emery, Isaac. 
 Emery, John A. 
 Emery, Daniel F. 
 Fox, Henry. 
 Fletcher, J. H. 
 Fuller, A. P. 
 Foster, Geo. F. 
 Fobes, Chas. S. 
 Farley, C. H. 
 Ford, Chas. W. 
 Farrington, C. J. 
 Fickett, J. B. 
 Foye, Chas. H. 
 Foye, Geo. C. 
 Gerrish, Oliver. 
 Gerrish, J. J. 
 Goudy, L. A. 
 Gibson, M. S. 
 
 Gardiner, N S. 
 Goding, Marshall R, 
 Gilman, Joseph E. 
 Hunt, Geo. S. 
 Hali, John H. 
 Hamlen, J. H. 
 Hinkley, Rufus H. 
 Harmon, Chas. C. 
 Hersey, H. W. 
 Hersey, Seth B. 
 Haskell, T. H. 
 Hay, H. H. 
 Howes, H. M. 
 Haskell, S. B. 
 Howe, James L. 
 Harris, Benj. F. 
 Hobbs, John P. 
 Haskell Benj. F. 
 Haskell, Chas. O. 
 Hall, James H. 
 Hinds, A. S. 
 Hilton, W. K. 
 Hill, Hollis B. 
 Hunt, Geo. A. 
 Hall, Albert B. 
 Jose, Chas. E. 
 Jordan, James C. 
 Jordan, Fritz H. 
 Jackson, Geo. E. B. 
 Jones, T. Frank. 
 Jones, Benj. W. 
 Josselyn, T. A. 
 Jones, H. L. 
 Jost, Daniel F. 
 Kensall, D. W. 
 Kimball, Geo. L. 
 Keazer, James. 
 King, Joseph A. 
 Kent, Edw. W. 
 Knowlton, Wm. J. 
 Kendall, A. A. 
 Libby, H. J. 
 Loring, Prentiss. 
 Loriug, Geo. B. 
 Libby, F. W. 
 Leavitt, William. 
 
68 
 
 BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 Latham, W. W. 
 Lewis, Russell. 
 Lappin, J. J. 
 Little, Albion. 
 Lord, John N. 
 Laughlin, Alex. T. 
 Lamson, J. H. 
 Libby, George. 
 Little, X. John. 
 Little, Frank H. 
 Laughlin, Thos. S. 
 Milliken, Charles R. 
 McLellen, Jacob. 
 Milliken, Weston F. 
 Milliken, Wm. Henry. 
 Merrill, Charles. 
 Martin, John K. 
 Marrett. James E. 
 McLellan, E. S. E. 
 Moore, Geo. M. 
 Mosher, Thomas B. 
 Morton, Wm. A. 
 Nickerson, Peter S. 
 Noyes, Edward A. 
 O'Brion, Lewis. 
 Osgood, H. S. 
 Proctor, John C. [Hon.] 
 Putnam, Wm. L. 
 Perkins, N. M. 
 Pullen, Stanley T. 
 Palmer, J. S. 
 Proctor, John F. 
 Pierce, Edw. R. 
 Pettingill, A. J. ^ 
 Peters, Geo. C. 
 Pierce, Arthur W. 
 Payson, Chas. H. 
 Pennell, Henry B. 
 Ryan, Washington. 
 Rich, Marshall N. 
 
 Total Number, 257. 
 
 Richardson, H. W. 
 Richardson, R. iM. 
 Ricker, H. H. 
 Rogers, Alpheus G. 
 Rumery, Jerome. 
 Roberts, W. H., Jr. 
 Rice, Dexter S. 
 Redlon, Nathan E. 
 Robinson, J. W. 
 Smith, Abial M. 
 Sweat, T. L. 
 Shaw, Thomas. 
 Small, S. R. 
 Smith, James H. 
 Short, Leonard O. 
 Senter, William. 
 Swan, Francis K. 
 Simonton, W. H. 
 Stephenson, A. B. 
 Strout, A. A. 
 Smith, F. A. 
 Stanwood, Geo. M. 
 Smith, Fred'k. 
 Stockwell, J. W. 
 Sargent, Charles. 
 Sargent, Edw. H. 
 Short, Joseph H. 
 Smith, Alonzo W. 
 Soule, Wm. H. 
 Staples, Horatio. 
 Strout, Chas. B. 
 Schlotterbeck, A. G. 
 Sawyer, F. A. 
 Stevens, Samuel A. 
 Shaw, Geo. C. ' 
 Stockbridge, Ira C. 
 Senter, William, Jr. 
 Smith, Lewis B. 
 Sylvester, Geo. W. 
 Shaw, Thomas P. 
 
 Snow, Lucian, 
 Spring, E. G. 
 Sargent, Horace M. 
 Snow, D. W. 
 Shaw, Horace H. 
 Trefethen, George. 
 Twitchell John Q. 
 Thomas, W. W. 
 True, Geo. W. 
 True, Daniel W. 
 Thomas, W. W., Jr. 
 Thaxter, S. W. 
 Thomas, Elias. 
 TomliDson, Edw. 
 Tucker, Payson, 
 Thomas, John P. 
 Taylor, Howard. 
 Thurston, Geo. F. 
 Woodman, Geo. W. 
 Whitney, Ammi. 
 Waterhouse, J. W. 
 Woodbury, W. H. 
 Wescott, Geo. P. 
 Winslow, J. S. 
 White, John S. 
 Woodbury, Theo. C. 
 Walker, George. 
 Winslow, E. B. 
 Watkins, Geo. H. 
 Waldron, Chas. P. 
 Wilson, Bion, 
 Waldron, Edward A. 
 Webster, Wm. C. 
 Williams, M. L. 
 Webb, James. 
 Walker, Chas. J. 
 Washburn, Francis A. 
 Fork, Edward H. 
 York, John W. 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 
 
 59 
 
 OFFICERS OF MERCHANTS EXCHANGE 
 
 FOR 1887. 
 
 M. N r . RICFI, 
 
 VVM. ALLEX, JR., 
 
 DIRECTORS, 
 
 WM. W. THOMAS, 
 THEO. C. WOODBURY, 
 
 CHARLES S. FOBES. 
 REPORTER, HERMAN M. RICH. 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE MERCHANTS EXCHANGE, 
 MARCH 30, 1887. 
 
 Allen, Wm. Jr. 
 Atkinson, Isaac C. 
 Brown, J. B. & Sons. 
 Burgess, Fobes & Co. 
 Berlin Mills Co. 
 Bailey, F. O. & Co. 
 Burnham & Morrill. 
 Bailey, James & Co. 
 Bailey, Fred'k W. 
 Blake, Wm. L. 
 Brown & Josselyn. 
 Boston & Maine R.R. Co. 
 Bailey, H. J. & Co. 
 Bain, Russell & Co. 
 Corey, Eben. 
 Curchill, E. & Co. 
 Conant, Patrick & Co. 
 Canal Bank. 
 Chase, Leavitt & Co. 
 Curtis, J. B. 
 Cummings, Augustus. 
 Clark & Chaplin. 
 Chadbourn & Kendall. 
 Casco Bank. 
 Chase, Andrew J. 
 Cleaves, N. & H. B. 
 Chapman, C. C. 
 Cousens & Tomlinson. 
 
 Clement, Edwin. 
 Cram, N. O. 
 Cushman, Rufus. 
 Chandler, S. H. 
 Coe, A. H. 
 Crocker, Frank C. 
 Chisholm, Hugh J. 
 Cumberland Bone Co. 
 Dana & Co. 
 Davis, Baxter & Co. 
 Deering, Henry. 
 Deering, Milliken & Co. 
 Dow, Coffin & Libby. 
 Doten, S. H. & A. R. 
 Drummond & Drummond. 
 Drowne, Joseph. 
 Davis, Hall L. 
 Dry Dock Co. 
 Dyer, Chas. A. 
 Duncan Bros. & Co. 
 Emery, Waterhouse & Co. 
 Emery, Isaac. 
 Emery & Fox. 
 Eastern R. R. Co. 
 Emery, John A. & Bro. 
 Farrington, Ira. P. 
 Freeman, Ebenezer. 
 Forest City Sugar Ref'y. 
 
 Fletcher & Co. 
 First National Bank. 
 Fuller, A. P. 
 Fessenden, Francis. 
 Foss, Frank L. 
 Farmer, James L. 
 Ford, Chas. W. 
 Foss, Deering & Baker. 
 Foss, V. Richard. 
 Greenough, Byron & Co. 
 Gerrish, J. J. 
 Grand Trunk Railway. 
 Goudy & Kent. 
 Gibson M. S. 
 Hunt, Geo. S. & Co. 
 Hamlin, J. H. & Son. 
 Hersey, H. W. 
 Howes, Hilton & Harris. 
 Hooper Bros. 
 Hunt, Geo. A. 
 Haskell, S. B. 
 Harding, Richard. 
 Hodgdon, Geo. L. 
 Holmes & Payson. 
 Ingraham, C. P. 
 International S. S. Co. 
 Ingraham, Geo. T. 
 Jose, Chas. E. & Co. 
 
60 
 
 MERCHANTS EXCHANGE, 
 
 Jordan, W. S. & Co. 
 Jordan, A. W. 
 Josselyn, T. A. 
 Kendall & Whitney. 
 Kensell & Tabor. 
 Kerosene Oil Co. 
 Libby, H. J. 
 Lewis, R. & Co. 
 Loring, Short & Harmon. 
 Little, Thos. J. 
 Little, A. & Co, 
 Lappin, J. J. 
 Loring, Ansel L. 
 McLellan, Jacob. 
 McLaughlin, Chas. & Co. 
 Merchants' Bank. 
 Milliken, W. & C. R. 
 Maine Steamship Co. 
 Marr & Littlefield. 
 Musgrave, John W. 
 Maine Savings Bank. 
 Maine Central R. R. Co. 
 Meguire & Jones. 
 Martin, John K. 
 Moore & Wright. 
 Motley & Co. 
 Morse & Pinkhain. 
 Mathias, Solomon. 
 Nash, O. M. & D. W. 
 National Traders' Bank. 
 Norton, Chapman & Co. 
 Nickerson, Josiah. 
 Nutter, Kimball & Co. 
 O'Brien, Lewis. 
 
 Total Number, 183. 
 
 Perkins, J. W. & Co. 
 
 Proctor, John F. 
 
 Portland Savings Bank. 
 
 Portland Star Match Co. 
 
 Portland Gas Co. 
 
 Pierce, Lewis. 
 
 Payson, H. M. & Co. 
 
 Portland Steam Packet Co. Simonton & Randall. 
 
 Portland and Ogdensburg Snow, David W. 
 
 R. R. Co. Twitchell, Champlin & Co. 
 
 Thomas, Geo. A. 
 
 Trefethen, George. 
 
 Thomas, W. W. 
 Thaxter, S. W. 
 
 Smith, F. A. & Co. 
 Sanborn, N. A. 
 Shurtleff, Aretas. 
 Smith, Abial M. 
 Snow, Lucian. 
 Strout, A. A. 
 Sawyer, A. H. 
 
 Portland Water Co. 
 Portland Company. 
 Portland & Rochester 
 
 R. R. Co. 
 
 Patrons Co-operative Asso-True, Calvin S. 
 
 ciation. 
 
 Pettengill, Andrew J. 
 Quinn, James. 
 Rich, M. N. 
 Randall & McAllister. 
 Reade, Noah. 
 Ryan & Kelsey. 
 Ricker, J. S. 
 Robertson, A. 
 Rice, C. M. & Co. 
 Rollins & Adams. 
 Rich, Charles. 
 Rich, Andrew J. 
 Spring, A. & S. E. 
 
 True, S. A. & J. H, 
 Thomas, Elias. 
 True, D. W. & Co. 
 True, Chas. H. 
 Union Mutual Life Ins. Co. 
 Underwood Co. 
 Woodbury & Moulton. 
 Winslow, J. S. & Co. 
 Woodbury & Latham. 
 Waldron, F. A. & Son. 
 Wood, William R. 
 Woodman, True & Co. 
 White, D. & Sons. 
 Walker, George. 
 
 Shaw, Hammond & Carney Willard, E. G. 
 Smith, James H. Waterhouse, J. W. 
 
 Swan & Barrett. Wescott, Joseph & Son. 
 
 Stevens, A. B. Waite, E. F. 
 
 Senter, William. Watkins, Geo. H. 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 61 
 
 PORTLAND. 
 
 Portland, on Casco Bay, is the commercial metropolis of 
 Maine, a port of entry and seat of justice of Cumberland Coun- 
 ty, 105 miles N. E. of Boston, and 292 miles S. E. of Montreal, 
 pleasantly situated on a peninsular, about 3 miles in length from 
 E. to W., and rises at each extremity into considerable eleva- 
 tion, 161 feet on the eastern, and 175 \ feet on the western ex- 
 tremity, giving the city a beautiful appearance as approached 
 from the sea. Its breadth averages about a mile, though much 
 wider at its eastern termination, and also at its junction with 
 the main land. Its harbor is one of the best on the Atlantic 
 coast, the anchorage being protected on every side by land, 
 the communication of the ocean easy and direct, and the depth 
 sufficient for the largest ships, and is never closed by ice. 
 
 The city is regularly laid out and handsomely built, chiefly of 
 brick. Several of the streets are remarkable for their elegance 
 and length, Congress, the principal thoroughfare, extends from 
 Mun joy's Hill on the East to Bramhall's Hill on the West. It 
 is also noted for its beautiful shade trees, of which there are 
 not less than 3000 scattered throughout the town. 
 
 Prominent among its public buildings are 'the City Hall, 
 Court House, marble Post Office, elegant Custom House, and 
 "Falmouth Hotel," one of the most imposing structures in the 
 city, and unsurpassed in appointments. 
 
 It contains several flourishing literary institutions and public 
 libraries, and a large number of churches, including Universa- 
 list, Unitarian, Congregationalist, Methodist, Baptist, Catholic, 
 Swedenborgian, &c., and a superior school system. 
 
62 BOARD OF TRADE, 
 
 Portland enjoys excellent facilities both for ocean commerce 
 and inland trade. In addition to its superior harbor advant- 
 ages, it has railway communication with the seaboard for many 
 hundred miles. The Grand Trunk Railway and the Portland 
 and Ogdensburg connects Portland with Montreal in Canada, 
 thereby forming a direct channel for the rich commerce of the 
 river St. Lawrence and of the great lakes, while steamers be- 
 tween this port and Liverpool are constantly crossing the At- 
 lantic. There are also many other railroads centering here, and 
 connecting with all the great systems of the country. 
 
 The manufactures of Portland are peculiar to a commercial 
 city. Ship building has been long and successfully carried on 
 until of late. Sugar of every quality is manufactured, and the 
 manufacture of boots and shoes has grown to be very extensive. 
 The financial institutions consist of six banks. The city is 
 lighted with gas and electric lights, and abundantly supplied 
 with pure water. It is remarkably healthy, never having been 
 visited by any contagious diseases, and has a population of 
 40,000. 
 
 The power of Portland, the source of all its power as yet, 
 its anticipated and risen prosperity and wealth, lies in its port, 
 innumerable islands covered with verdure and trees, near the 
 city, lend a charm more to the beauty of this harbor is roman- 
 tically situated and is the deepest on the whole coast of the At- 
 lantic. 
 
 She has a weekly line of steamers to Europe for six months 
 in the year, varying in capacity from 2,500 to 4,000 tons each. 
 Also, a fortnightly line comprising ships of great carrying ca- 
 pacity and strength to Brisrol E. 
 
 The Glasgow freight steamers also come to this port in the 
 winter months, and occasional steamships from London, as well 
 as large British sailing freight ships, bringing salt or coal, and 
 taking out grain. 
 
 There is also a line to Halifax and Yarmouth, N. S.; a line to 
 St. John, via Eastport ; a line to New York and Boston, and 
 several coast steamers. 
 
 Sixty-five railroad trains leave and enter the city daily, hav- 
 
PORTLAND, MAINE. 63 
 
 ing connection with nearly all the roads in New England, and 
 traversing through 119 towns in Maine, by which the business 
 of a population of 278,437 has a direct centre in Portland, which 
 has now, with her Marginal Railway of nearly five miles around 
 the city, unlimited facilities for moving and transferring freight, 
 as cars can pass on to nearly all the wharves, where ships of the 
 largest capacity can lay afloat in 30 feet of water. 
 
 The Elevator capacity is . . 150,000 bush grain, 
 
 Other warehouse capacity is . . 450,000 " " 
 Elevator transfer " . . 30,000 " daily, 
 
 with other merchandise transfer capacity almost unlimited. 
 
 There are two dry docks, the largest, 425 feet long by 100 
 feet wide, and the smaller one, 175 feet long by 80 feet wide. 
 The Banking capital of Portland is . . 13,500,000 
 
 Deposits in Savings Banks, . . . . 8,000,000 
 Products of her manufacturing industries . 9,000,000 
 
 Sales of merchandise, per annum, . . . 46,000,000 
 
 Valuation of the city, 31,821,012 
 
 The facilities for building cars, locomotives, and steamers are 
 ample for present demands, and railroad iron and steel rails are 
 manufactured quite extensively. 
 
 Portland is a half day's sail nearer to Europe than any other 
 port in the United States, and the ingress and egress to her 
 spacious harbor is so safe and easy as to require no system of 
 pilotage. 
 
MARSHALL X. RICH. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Preface 3 
 
 Official Seal 4 
 
 Presidents, (terms) 5 
 
 Sketches of Presidents 6 
 
 Treasurers of the Board 9 
 
 Secretaries of the Board 9 
 
 Past Active Members 10 
 
 Origin and History of the Board 1 1 
 
 Original Officers and Members 13 
 
 The Incorporation 14 
 
 Early History of the Board 15 
 
 Steamship " Sarah Sands " 16 
 
 Steamship "Great Eastern " 18 
 
 Visit of Western Merchants 19 
 
 The Great Clam Bake 21 
 
 Important Work of Board 23 
 
 Detroit Commercial Convention 29 
 
 Great Fire of 1866 31 
 
 Portland & Worcester 32 
 
 Social Meetings 34 
 
 The Merchants Exchange 37 
 
 Summary of Work . . * 40 
 
 Jurisdiction of the Board ... 46 
 
 Rules and Regulations .' 47 
 
 The Constitution 48 
 
 The By-Laws 51 
 
 Port Wardens' Laws 53 
 
 Officers and Standing Committees. 56 
 
 Members of the Board , 57 
 
 Officers and Members of Merchants Exchange 59 
 
 Portland's Advantages 61 
 
 Duty of the Hour, 65 
 
 Cards of Principal Business Firms and Corporations follow. 
 
BUSINESS CARDS. 67 
 
 ORTLAND IAYINGS I/INK, 
 
 No. 83 Exchange Street, Portland, Maine. 
 
 The following exhibit shows the state of the Bank April 16, 1887 : 
 
 Deposits ........................................................ $5,976,209.36 
 
 Interest ........................................................ 140,228.66 
 
 Reserve Fund ................................................... 292,000.00 
 
 Rents ............ .............................................. 4,142.42 
 
 56,412,580.44 
 
 United States Bonds $ 500,000.00 
 
 Public Securities i ,904,740.00 
 
 Loans to Corporations 314. 500.00 
 
 Loans with Collaterals 1,133,180.51 
 
 Loans on Mortgages 7S l '79-S 
 
 Real Estate 245, 504. 22 
 
 Bank Stock 98,020.00 
 
 Railroad Bonds 1,41 2,000.00 
 
 Railroad Stock 20,000.00 
 
 Expense 4,041.61 
 
 Premium 9,875.00 
 
 Cash 19,010.05 
 
 $6,412,580.44 
 
 J.IVER GERRISH, Pres. EDWARD A, NQYES, Tseas. 
 
 No. 198 Middle Street, Portland, Maine. 
 
 The following exhibit shows the standing of the Bank April 16, 1887 : 
 EXHIBIT. 
 
 Deposits (Depositors 15,182) $4,415,521.36 
 
 Interest 72,162.77 
 
 Reserve Fund and Profits 180,434.17 
 
 $4,668,118.30 
 INVESTMENTS. 
 
 United States Bonds $ 190,000.00 
 
 City, Town and County Bonds i ,979,995.00 
 
 Bank Stock .' 21,250.00 
 
 Railroad Bonds 1,729.500.00 
 
 Railroad Stock 9,000.00 
 
 Mortgages 339, 189.42 
 
 Loans, with Collaterals 61,395.00 
 
 Real Estate 1 16,693.42 
 
 Corporation Bonds 185,000.00 
 
 Premium 8,891 . 10 
 
 Expense 3,332. 10 
 
 Cash 23,871.26 
 
 54,668,118.30 
 SAMUEL ROLFE, Pres. CHA.S. FOBES, Vice-Pres. A. G. ROGERS, Treas. 
 
 TKUSTEES: Samuel Rolf e, Charles Fobes, Mark P. Emery, RufusCushman, Daniel W. True, 
 William G. Davis, Eben Corey and Alpheus G. Rogers. 
 
68 BUSINESS CARDS. 
 
 ORTLAND f RUST iOO)P/5NY, 
 
 FIRST IfATIO^AJ, BANK 
 
 Receives Deposits and Loans Money. Legal Depository for Admin- 
 
 istrators, Assignees, Guardians, Trustees and Courts. Author- 
 
 ized Trustee or Agent Jor Corporations. Accepts 
 
 and Executes Legal Trus's. 
 
 INTEREST ALLOWED ON DEPOSITS. 
 H. J. LIB BY, PRESIDENT. H. BUTLER, SECRETARY. 
 
 HARRISON J. LIB NY, Portland; WILLIAM G. DAVIS, Portland; MARK P. 
 EMERY, Portland; PHILIP HENRY BROWN, Portland; CHARLES F. LIBBY, 
 Portland; WILLIAM W. BROWN, Portland; FREDERICK N. Dow, Portland; 
 FREDERICK ROBIE, Gorhara; SAMUEL A. HOLBROOK, Freeport; R. B. SHEP- 
 HERD, Skowhegan; ANDREW P. WISWELL, Ellsworth; HENRY S. OSGOOD, 
 Augusta. 
 
 HARRISON J. LIBBY, MARK P. EMERY, 
 
 SAMUEL A. HOLBROOK, WM. G. DAVIS, 
 
 anking Company, 
 
 No. 53 Exchange Street, Portland, Maine. 
 
 $1CO,OOO.OO. 
 
 Transacts a General BANKING BUSINESS. A Financial Agent for In- 
 
 dividuals and Corporations. Authorized Depository for Admin- 
 
 istrators, Executors, Assignees, Guardians, Trustees and Courts. 
 
 INTEREST PAID ON DEPOSITS. 
 The DEBENTURE BONDS issued by this Company are a Safe and Profitable Investment, 
 
 SELDEN COXNOK, PRES. WESTOX F. MILLIKEN, VICE-PRES. 
 
 CHARLES L. MARSTON, SECRETARY. 
 
 THE PRESIDENT, ex-olficio. 
 JOSEPH W. SPAULDING, WILBUR F. LUNT, 
 
 HOLLIS B. HILL, EDWIN STONE. 
 
BUSINESS CARDS. 69 
 
 +THE FffiST HATIOHAL BAIL* 
 
 FQRT-LANP, 
 
 CAPITAL STOCK, $1.0OO,OOO. SURPLUS 8112,256.09. 
 
 HARRISON J. LIB BY. PRESIDENT. J. E. WENGREX, CASHIER. 
 
 WM. W. BROWX, H. J. LIBBY, MARK P. EMERY, ALBION LITTLE, 
 PHILIP H. BROWX, FREDERICK ROBIE, WM. G. DAVIS. 
 
 CANAL NATIONAL BANK, 
 
 NO. 88 MIDDLE STREET. 
 INCORPORATE!* 1865. CAPITAL 86OO.OOO. 
 
 W. W. THOMAS, PRESIDENT. GEO. C. PETERS, CASHIER. 
 
 W. W. THOMAS, ELI AS THOMAS, Vice-Pres., JOHN N. LORD, 
 BEXJ. C. SOMERBY, F. W. BAILEY, FRAXCIS FESSEXDEX, F. R. BARRETT. 
 
 MERCHANTS' HATIOHAL BASK, 
 
 NQ. 34 EXCHANGE STREET. 
 
 INCORPORATED MAY I, 1865. 
 CAPITAL $300,000. UNDIVIDED PROFIT 8175,OOO. 
 
 JACOB McLELLAX, PRES. GEORGE S. HUNT, VICE-PRES. 
 
 CHARLES PAYSOX, CASHIER. 
 
 JACOB MCLELLAX, GEO. S. HUNT, CHARLES FOBES, W. S. DANA 
 J. P. BAXTER, WM. R. WOOD, D. W. KEXSELL. 
 
 38 
 
 INCORPORATED JULY 17, 1K65. CAPITAL S3OO.OOO. 
 
 WM. G. DAVIS, PRES. R. O. CONANT, ViCE-Pi:i->. 
 
 EDWARD GOULD, CASHIER. 
 
 RlCIIAI!!) O. COXAXT, WlLLIAM G. DAVIS, R. M. RlCHARDSOX, 
 
 CHAS. O. HASKELL, WM >. DAVIS. 
 
70 BUSINESS CARDS. 
 
 CASCO NATIONAL BANK, 
 
 INCORPORATED APR. 26, 1865. CAPITAL, $800,000. SURPLUS 39O,OOO. 
 
 STEPHEN R. SMALL, PRES. JACOB S WINS LOW, YICE-PBES. 
 
 MARSHALL R. GODING, CASHIER. 
 
 STEPHEN R. SMALL, JOSEPH WALKER, GEO. P. WESCOTT, AMMI WHITNEY, 
 JACOB S. WINSLOW, EDWARD H. DAVIES, FRANK A. PITCHER. 
 
 J^ational 
 
 STZRJSZET. 
 
 INCORPORATED AUG. 6, 1865. CAPITAL, $25O,OOO. 
 
 H. N. JOSE, PRES. W. II. MOULTON, VICE-PRES. 
 
 W. H. SOULE, CASHIER. 
 
 HORATIO N. JOSE, JOHN C. TUKESBUKY, CHAS. P. INGRAHAM, 
 
 JAMES S. MARRETT, DANIKL W. TRUE, NATHAN CLEAVES, 
 
 WILLIAM H. MOULTON. 
 
 MWRRBTT, 
 
 IB .A. 1ST 1C 
 
 7 
 186 Middle Street, Canal Bank Block, 
 
 RUFUS H. HINKLEY. GEO. H. RICHARDSON. HENRY ST. JOHN SMITH. 
 
 PULLBN, CROCKER & CO., 
 
 INTO. 33 ZE2C]EZ-<_2SrC3-E ST., 
 
 Members of the N. Y. Stock Exchange. Private Wire to New York 
 
 and Boston. Investment Securities for Sale. New York Cor- 
 
 respondents, Charles Head Co., New York and Boston. 
 
 STANLEY T. PULLEN. FRANK C. CROCKER. 
 
BUSINESS CARDS. 71 
 
 
 
 WOODBURY 4 JiOULTON, 
 IB .A. 1ST IEC IE IR, 
 
 176 Middle Street, cor. Exchange Street, 
 
 Personal and prompt attention given to any inquiries. 
 
 State, Municipal, Railroad and Water Bonds, bought and sold. 
 
 THEO. C. WOODBUBY, WM. H. MOULTON, EDW. H. TOKK. 
 
 1. 1. IROWN k IONS, 
 
 2I8 Middle Street, Portland, Me. 
 
 Deposits Received. Collections made in the United States, Canada 
 
 and Europe. Travelers' Letters of Credit issued, available in all 
 
 European Cities. Sterling Bills drawn on Great Britian and 
 
 Ireland, and Sight Drafts, (in the currency of the Coun- 
 
 tries}, on Paris, Berlin, and other European Cities. 
 
 LOXDOX, MELVILLE EVANS &: Co. 
 
 DUBLIN, THE MUNSTER BANK. 
 
 LEIPSIC, KXAUTH, NACHOD & KUHNE. 
 
 MONTREAL, BANK OF MONTREAL. 
 
 BOSTON, SHAWMUT NATIONAL BANK. 
 
 BOSTON, FOOTE & FRENCH. 
 
 NEW YORK, - CONTINI NTAL NAT'L BANK. 
 
 NEW YORK, - - - FIRST NATIONAL BANK. 
 
72 BUSINESS CARDS. 
 
 ARETAS SHURTLBFF, 
 
 BONDS, BANK AND RAILROAD STOCK, 
 
 NO. 194, MIDDLE STREET, 
 
 Three Doors West Cana] Nat'l Bank, PORTLAND. 
 
 ESTABLISHED, 1854. 
 
 H. M. PAYSON & CO., 
 
 FOI8TULM, - 
 
 CHAS. H. PAYSON, GEO. F. THURSTON, GEO. S. PAYSON. 
 
 *PORTLAND*MARINE*UNDERWRITERS* 
 
 No. 191-2 Exchange St., Portland, Me. 
 
 Are prepared to Issue Policies of Insurance on Hulls, Freights & Eargoes. 
 
 ADVISORY COMMITTEE. WM. LEAVITT, Chairman, (of Chase, Leavitt 
 & Co.,) SET ii C. DYER, (of S. C. Dyer & Co.,) FRITZ II. JORDAN, (of W. S. 
 Jordan & Co.; Jos. P. THOMPSON, (of Geo. S. Hunt & Co.,) HENRY P. DEWEY, 
 (of J. S. Winslow & Co..) HORACE M. SARGENT, (of Sargent, Lord & Skillin,) 
 GEORGE TREFETHKN, (of Geo. Trefetheii & Co.) 
 
 RYAN & KBLSBY, 
 
 AND DEALERS IN 
 
 SHIP STORES AND CHANDLERY, PLYMOUTH CORDAGE. 
 
 AGENTS FOR THE 
 
 NEW BEDFORD COPPER COMPANY, 
 
 RnNXE and YELLOW METAL SHEATHING, in suits, delivered at any 
 convenient port. 
 
 243 Commercial Street, Portland, Me. 
 
 WASHINGTON RYAN, S. IJ. KEI.SEY. 
 
BUSINESS CARDS. 73 
 
 1835. OLDEST! CHEAPEST I BEST I 1887. 
 
 The+New+ EnglandrMutual 
 
 LIFE INSURANCE 
 
 OF BOSTON MASS. 
 
 Leads all other Companies in its Maine Business ! Why ? 
 
 Because it is Old ! Conservative ! Safe ! Because it has a more 
 liberal policy contract than any of its competitors. Because of the Mil- 
 lion dollars paid to the widows and orphans of its Maine policy hold- 
 ers, not a single claim has been contested ! Because during its history 
 of over forty years in Maine, the Company's record has been kept 
 perfectly clean. 
 
 This Company issues nothing but ENDOWMENT POLICIES, 
 which are fully protected from forfeiture by the Massachusetts laws. 
 
 tt^pr" Before insuring elsewhere call upon; or address, 
 
 V. RICHARD FOSS, Gen'l Agent. 
 
 176 MIDDLE STREET, PORTLAND, 3IAINE. 
 
 - TELEPHONE, 243. - 
 
 C. M. RICE & CO. 
 
 DEALERS IX 
 
 Boards, Bool^, Weto? and Colored 
 PAP 
 
 OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 
 
 , WRAPPING PflPER, PflPER Wl&g 4 TWINE, 
 
 16 EXCHANGE STREET, 
 
 C. M. KICK, A, II. 
 
74 BUSINESS CARDS. 
 
 ESTABLISHED IN 1841, BY H. H. HAY & CO. 
 
 DRUGS, MEDICINES & CHEMICALS, 
 
 PAINTS, OILS, VARNISHES, DYE STUFFS, &c., 
 JUNCT. FREE AND MIDDLE STS, 
 
 HENRY H. HAY, 
 CHARLES H. HAY, 
 
 A. S. HINDS, 
 
 Dru^ist ai?d /Ipo 
 
 CORNER PINE SND BRflCKETT STREETS, 
 
 JOHN W, PERKINS & Co, 
 
 Wiotesale 
 
 AND DEALERS IN 
 
 ^ " 
 
 d J 
 
 ecrj 
 
 94 & 96 Commercial St., and 2 & 4 Custom House Whf, 
 PQRTK&ND, ME, 
 
 JOHN W. PERKINS, J. HENRY CROCKETT, 
 
 BENJ. A. PERKINS, WILLIAM S. KYLE.; 
 
BUSINESS CARDS. 75 
 
 BURGESS, FOBES & CO. 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 ine d>o?orA in if of|t) 
 
 LIQTJIID IF^IISTTS. 
 
 IMPORTERS OF 
 
 ENGLISH VARNISHES AND DRY COLORS. 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 Paints, Oils and Painter's Supplies, 
 
 106 and 108 Commercial St. 
 
 FACTORY,- -55 and 57 Munjoy St., 53 and 55 Becket St. 
 
 IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 
 
 SON, 
 
 Labrador Coo 1 , Straits, Bail Shore & Neat's Foot 
 =OIILjS- 
 
 FRATT'S ASTRAL OIL, 
 
 Paraffine, Rosin, Machinery, and Illuminating' Oils. 
 
 33 AND 35 COMMERCIAL STREET, 
 
 JOHN CONLEY, E. W. CON LEY. 
 
76 BUSINESS CARDS. 
 
 W. L BLAKE & CO., 
 
 -MANUFACTURERS OF- 
 
 Fine Engine, Valve and Cylinder Oils, 
 
 , AND "PORTLAND LUBRICATING GREASES." 
 
 - MANUFACTURERS' AGENTS FOR - 
 
 RAILROAD, STEAMSHIP AND MILL SUPPLIES. 
 
 OFFICE, 109 & 111 COMMERCIAL STREET, FACTORY, REAR 23. 
 FO RTXi AND. 
 
 UMBERLAND lONE @0., 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 ^Cumberland Super- Phosphate.^ 
 
 Office, 2 1-2 Union Wharf, Portland, Maine. 
 
 WORKS AT BOOTH BAY, MAINE. 
 
 I 
 
 WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 
 
 FLOUR, GRAIN AND FEED, 
 
 Eye & Graham Flour, Oat and Eye Meal, Pressed Hay and Straw, 
 
 12, 14 & 16 Pearl and 333 & 335 Fore Street, Portland, Maine- 
 
 CAPISIC MILL, DTCKI-tIN-0-. 
 
 JOHN J. I.APPIN. THOS. J. LAPPTN. 
 
 IE. coisiE-sr sc co., 
 
 195 &, 197 COMMERCIAL STREET, 
 
 IMPORTERS AND DKALERS IX 
 
 Best Refined and Common Bar Iron, Norway and Swedes Bar Iron, Norway and 
 
 Swedes Shapes, Hoop, Band and Scroll Iron, Oval, Half Oval and Half Round 
 
 Iron, Horse Nail Rods, Cast, German Blister Steel, Spring and Calking 
 
 Steel, Tire and Sleigh Shoe Steel, Axles, Side and Elliptic Springs, 
 
 Horse Shoes and Horse Nails, Wheels and Bent Rims, Hubs and 
 
 Spokes, Hickory Shafts, Tire Benders, Rasps and Files, Eagle 
 
 Carriage Bolts. Fifth Wheels and King Bolts, Malleable 
 
 Castings, Nuts, Cast and Wrought Washers, Smith's 
 I'ellows, Anvils, Vises and Screw Plates, Cable Chains and Borax. 
 
 CUMBERLAND COAL, CARRIAGE HARDWARE, BLACKSMITH'S TOOLS, &c. 
 
BUSINESS CARDS. 77 
 
 KJSTAULISIIED, 1801. 
 
 J. &, E. R. BARBOUR, 
 
 DKALKI5S IX 
 
 RUBBER GOODS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 
 
 BGENTS FOR JflRVIS ENGINEERING COMPANY. 
 
 STEAMBOAT AND RAILROAD SUPPLIES. 
 
 Cylinder and Lubricating Oils, Engineer Supplies, and Steam 
 Machinery Appliances. 
 
 8 and 1O Exchange Street, Portland, Me. 
 
 J.J.GERRISH&CO. 
 
 GENERAL RAILROAD & ENGINE SUPPLIES 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 ^RAILROAD SIGNAL LANTERNS.^ 
 Tin and Sheet -Iron Work to Order. 
 
 No. 41 COMMERCIAL ST., PORTLAND, ME. 
 
 5ewall Safety Qar JH eating Qo. 
 
 CONTROLS STEAM FROM ANY SOURCE 
 
 Perfectly, with entire Safety and the greatest Economy. A single 
 
 valve in each car, and heat in each managed independently of 
 
 any and all others. Has been tested from thirty degrees 
 
 below to fifty degrees above zero, and in all tests of long 
 
 trains Enginemen declare draught on their engines 
 
 to be imperceptible. 
 
 This system has given perfect satisfaction throughout the winter in 
 daily regular use on Maine Central Railroad. Is being supplied to 
 many New England Roads. Inquiry or inspection will satisfy the 
 most skeptical that in safety, simplicity, economy and completeness it 
 is unrivaled. Inspection of system on regular trains of Maine Cen 
 tral Railroad is solicited. 
 
 Illustrated description, Estimates of equipment, etc., furnished on 
 application to 
 
 SEWALL SAFETY CAR HEATING CO., PORTLAND, ME. 
 
78 BUSINESS CARDS. 
 
 m 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 Steamboat, Locomotive, Tnlralar, aM Dmibt Tutelar Fine ait Cylinder 
 
 Ships' Water Tanks and Engineers' Supplies, 
 
 49 COMMERCIAL, CORNER FRflNKLIN STREET. 
 
 PORTLAND, ME. 
 
 MBGQUIBR & JONES, 
 
 (SUCCESSORS TO C. A. DONNELL,) 
 
 plain \ DMamenW M$$ \ Ifoq 
 
 SHIP AND HOUSE PLUMBING A SPECIALTY. 
 
 Iron Work for Buildings, Columns, Lintels, Girders, Window Guards, 
 Patent Sidewalk Lights and Gratings, Wire Guards and Railings. 
 
 C. R. MILLIKEN, Pres't. J. W. LEAVITT, Treas. 
 
 PORTLAND* ROLLING *Mi 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 EXTRA, STANDARD, FOREST CITY, 
 
 REFINED AND COMMON 
 
 MERCHANT BAR IRON, 
 
 FISH PLATES AND R, R. SPIKES, 
 PORTLAND, MAINE, 
 
BUSINESS CARDS. 
 
 79 
 
 K-TABLISHED IN 1808. 
 
 GO. 
 
 AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 
 
 Dry and Pickled Fish. 
 
 Eastern Distributing Agents for 
 
 HIGGIN'S EUREKA SALT. 
 
 188, 19 O ciTLcL 192 Commercial Sfreet. 
 
 HEAD OF CENTRAL WHARF, 
 
 WOODBUBY S. DANA. 
 
 SAMUEL F. BEABCE. 
 
 JOHN A. EMERY & BROTHER, 
 
 IMFOKTZRS OF SALT. 
 
 Head of Union Wharf, - PORTLAND, ME. 
 
 JOHN A. EMERY, 
 
 HANNIBAL H. EMERY. 
 
 W. S. JORDAN & CO., 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 FRITZ H. JORDAN, 
 WINTHROP JORDAN. 
 
 8c 
 
 No. 1 02 Commercial Street, 
 
 OPPOSITE CUSTOM HOUSE, 
 
 PORTLAND, ME. 
 
80 
 
 BUSINESS CARDS. 
 
 CHARLES J. ffALKER & CO., 
 
 HARNESSES AND LEATHER, 
 
 157, 159 and 161 Middle Street, 
 
 CHARLES J. WALKER, 
 
 ALFRED H. BERRY. 
 
 F, 
 
 MANUFACTURERS AND JOBBERS OF 
 
 Boots, Shoes and Rubbers, 
 
 't MN 
 
 HORACE H. SHAW, 
 
 EDWIN L. GODING. 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 3STo. ISO 3UCid.d.le Street, 
 
 PORTLAND, ME, 
 
 manufacturers of HAND-TURNS in the State. Every variety 
 of Machine and hand-sewed goods made, to meet the wants of best retail trade. 
 
BUSINESS CARDS. 
 
 81 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1866. 
 
 INCORPORATED 1883. 
 
 PORTLAND CEMENT PIPE AND STONE Co., 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 If i 111 
 
 _^:R,T TILES, VJ^SES, IETO. 
 
 J. W. STOCKWE, treasurer and Manager, 
 
 2<3= 
 
 BOSTON OFVICE, NO. 72 WATER STREET. 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1855. INCORPORATED 1882, 
 
 CLARK <St CHAPLI1T ICE CO., 
 
 Successors to D. W. CLARK & CO., 
 
 DEALERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
 
 O 
 
 Storage Capacity, 200,000 tons. Ice houses, Kennebec River, Pittston, Bbwdoin- 
 
 ham, Sebago Lake, Cape Elizabeth and Portland. 
 
 DIRECTORS: D. W. CLARK, Pres., ASHBEL CHAPLIN, Treas., DAVID DINNIS, J. S. 
 WINSLOW, M. W. CLARK. 
 
 ARE THE LARGEST MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 LADIES AND GENTS- 
 
 Restaurant and Dining 
 
 No. 43 
 
82 
 
 JWS/XESS CARDS. 
 
 GEORGE C. FRYE, 
 
 WHOLESALE AND KETAIL DEALER IN 
 
 SPONGES, TOILET ARTICLES, &c., 
 
 NOS. 320 & 322 CONGRESS, CORNER FRANKLIN STREET, 
 
 , MAINE. 
 
 MAURICE, BAKER & CO., 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF- 
 
 EXTRACTS 
 
 AND BAKER'S GREAT AMERICAN SPECIFIC, 
 
 Office and Salesroom, 216 Middle Street, under Falmcuth Hotel, 
 
 . MAI IV K. 
 
 c. 
 
 NO. 4 EXCHANGE STREET, 
 
 MANUFACTURER OF 
 
 flcwd fnr PhiipnliPQ Pflrci QtoQinhnQtc 1 oto 
 trldfth lul ulllllulltjd, udlh, oiudllllJudih, Gil,, 
 
 BEVELED PLATE AND MIRRORS, 
 
 Spectacle Lewises ^Csude -to Ord.er. 
 
 F. O. BAILEY & CO., 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 DESKS & SHOW CASES, 
 
 Store and Office Outfits, 
 
 Agents for Smith & Co.'s Desks, Hall 
 Safe and Lock Co., Howe's Scale Co., 
 Cressey Coffee Mills, Knight Cheese 
 Safes, Popular Oil Tanks, etc. 
 PORTLAND, MAINE. 
 
CARDS. 83 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IX 
 
 IR IIST I 
 
 DRAPERY AND UPHOLSTERY GOODS, 
 
 Arcade, No. 28 Free Street, PORTLAND. 
 
 IRA. C. STOCKBRIDCE, 
 
 124 Exchange Street, Portland, 
 
 Sleet Music, Music Books, Musical Instruments & Merchandise, 
 
 Backs, Folios, Eolls, Brass Instruments, Harmonicas, Orguinetts, 
 STRINGS AND TRIMMINGS OF ALL KINDS, 
 
 MAINE LECTURE AND MUSICAL AGENCY, 
 
 H. J. BAILEY & CO., 
 
 Successors to MARRETT, BAILEY & CO., 
 
 IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 
 
 A DDTTTTWrC D ft D1TD Uf n TSFf^THTf^O 
 
 AnrJillNUb? rAJriiM MJlMUMlr:), 
 
 WINDOW SHADES AND DRAPERIES, 
 
 190 & 192 Middle Street, Portland. 
 
 O. 
 
 -DEALERS IX- 
 
 Tin Plates, Sheet Iron, Zinc and Wire, Anthony Wrought 
 
 Iron Furnaces, Registers and Ventilators, 
 
 Highland Ranges. 
 
 RICHMOND STOVE CO RANGES AND FURNACES. 
 
 We are the agents for the NEW HUB RANGE with Gauze Orcn Door. Meats 
 cooked with this Range retain all their juice, and no basting is required. 
 
 O. M. & D. W. NASH, NO. 6 EXCHANGE STREET. 
 
84 
 
 BUSINESS CAKDS. 
 
 PACKERS OF- 
 
 [lei'inetic&IIjj pealed (joodg 
 
 JE, TQL 
 
 CANNED 
 
 LOBSTERS, 
 
 MACKEREL, 
 
 CLAMS, 
 
 GREEN SWEET CORN, 
 
 SUCCOTASH, 
 
 BEEF, 
 
 MUTTON, 
 
 POULTRY, 
 
 SOUPS, ETC. 
 
 Our Goods are Prepared in our own Factories, located at 
 
 Portland, Maine, U. S. Scarboro, Maine, U. S. Pine Point, Maine, 
 U. S. Harrison, Maine, TJ. S. So. Paris, Maine, U. S. Denmark, 
 Maine, U. S. Minot, Maine, U. S. Non-id gewock, Maine, U. S. 
 Port Clyde, Maine, U. S. Columbia Falls, Maine, U. S. Little Ken- 
 nebeck, Maine, U. S. Casco, Maine, U. S. ^armington, Maine, U. 
 S. Dixneld, Maine, U. S. Auburn, Maine, U. S. Isaacs Harbor, N. 
 Scotia. Sober Island, N. Scotia. Carriboo, N. Scotia. Port Hood, N. 
 Scotia. Mainadiew, N. Scotia. Cape Jobn, N. Scotia. Harrigan 
 Cove, N. Scotia. Crow Harbor, 1ST. Scotia. Beckerton, N. Scotia. 
 Point Bettay, N. Scotia, MacDonald's Cove, N. Scotia. Malagash, 
 N. Scotia. Tor Bay, N. Scotia. Port Felix, K Scotia. Cuddles 
 Harbor, N. Scotia. Judigue, N. Scotia. 
 
 Received the Award of Gold Medal, Paris, 1878, Silver Medal, 
 London, 1883, Gold Medal, New Orleans, 1884-5, Centennial Medal, 
 Pkila., 1(S7G, American Institute Medal, New York, 1874, New Eng- 
 land Silver Medal, 1877, Maine State Silver Medal, 1878, for super- 
 ior quality of their products. 
 
 OFFICE AND PRINCIPAL WAREHOUSES IN PORTLAND, MAINE. 
 
BUSINESS CARDS. 
 
 85 
 
 SipoFlaKe 
 
 CHARLES P. MATTOCKS, 
 
 PORTLAND, ME, 
 
 Packer of Canned Goods, 
 
 Under the Famous SNOW FLAKE Bf?AND, registered 
 in the U. S. Patent office. 
 
 WINSLOW 
 
 Portland, 
 
 PACKING CO. 
 
 Mai 
 
 ame, 
 
 Packers of Canned Goods, 
 
 Including Winslow's Corn, under the GLOBE brand, (registered 
 trade mark,) the oldest Canned Goods brand in existence. 
 
 
 AMERICAN SYSTEM '^ 
 
 Arc and Incandesent Lighting & Motor Power 
 
 OFFICES & CENTRAL STATION, 12 TO 20 PLUM STREET, 
 
 DIRECTORS, 
 
 FRAXKLIX J. ROLLIX-. EDWARD H. GOFF. 
 
 WILLIAM R. WOOD, SILAS GURNEY, 
 
 FRANK A. SAWYER. 
 
 OFFICERS, 
 
 FRANKLIN J. ROLLINS, President. FRANK A SAWYER, Treasurer. 
 
 SILAS GURNEY, Vice President. CLARENCE HALE. Attorney. 
 
 JOHX T. SAWYER, Superintendent. 
 
 Doing Entire Street Lighting, City of Portland, by Electricity, 
 
86 BUSINESS CARDS. 
 
 mmoe s* HOT 
 
 W. I Importers and Com. Merchants, 
 
 EXPORTERS OF COOPERAGE STOCK; 
 
 And Agents for Eagle Sugar Refinery, Manufacturers of 
 
 Yellow Sugars, 
 
 169 and i7i Commercial St., PORTLAND, ME. 
 
 GEO. S. HUNT, JOSEPH P. THOMPSON. FRED. E. ALLEN. 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF ALL GRADES OF 
 
 Powdered, Granulated and Coffee Sugars, 
 
 , 6RYSTAL AND SILVER 
 
 Office, 165 Commercial Street, - - Portland, Maine. 
 
 GEO S. HUNT, TREASURER. 
 
 I STABLISI1ED, 1867. 
 
 ' 0. 3{. 
 
 SUGAR BROKER. 
 
 Office, at Forest City Sugar Refining- Co., 
 
 164 (2ommc*cia-C ^tecf, fCottfcmb, 
 
 J. M, MAMLEM 
 
 ill DEALERS III COOn, HE ID C1ESAL ffiiCllISE, 
 
 No. 3O5 Commercial Street, 
 
 J. H. HAMLEN, J. C. HAMLEN. 
 
BUSINESS CARDS 87 
 
 WOODMAN,TRUE ! '&Ca, 
 
 WHOLESALE DEALEKS IX 
 
 Bry Goods, Woolens, Fancy Goods, 
 
 CORNER OF MIDDLE AND PEARL STREETS, PORTLAND, ME. 
 
 
 
 GEO. W. WOODMAN, SETII IJ. IIEUSEY, WM. C. WEHSTER. 
 
 JOBBEKS OF 
 
 Dry apd papey Qood5, 
 
 236 and 238 Middle Street, 
 
 ALBIOX LITTLE, LEAXDEK A. WADE. 
 
 W, H. MILLIKEN & CO. 
 
 AXD- 
 
 U/holesale Dry (joods, 
 
 Small Wares, Notions and Carpets, 
 
 164 and 166 Middle Street, 
 
88 
 
 BUSINESS CARDS. 
 
 IR. 
 
 [Successor to J, M, KlUERLL 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 NEW WAREROOMS AND MANUFACTORY, 
 
 32 to 38 Union Street, Portland, Jfle. 
 
 C. M. & H. T. PLUMMER, 
 
 AND DEALERS IN 
 
 Steam and Water Pipes, Valves, Fittings, 
 
 RAILROAD AND MILL SUPPLIES, 
 Nos. 48 to 52 Union Street, Portland, Maine. 
 
 -- 
 
 Anthracite & Bituminous Coal 
 
 BY THE CARGO AND AT RETAIL. 
 
 Philadelphia & Reading Coals, and Iron Co.'s 
 Coals, for Sale by the Cargo. 
 
 Coal loaded on to Cars or Vessels direct from POCKETS, Screened in 
 
 First class order. 
 Disconnections with all Railroads running out of Portland. 
 
 Offices, 76 Commercial Street, 70 Exchange Street. 
 
BUSINESS CARDS. 
 
 89 
 
 TWITCHELL, CHAMPLIN & CO., 
 
 WHOLESALE GROCERS, 
 
 JOHN Q. TWITCHELL. 
 
 JAMES P. CHAMPLIN. 
 
 LYMAX M. COUSENS. 
 
 EDWARD TOMLINSON. 
 
 COUSENS & TOMLINSON, 
 
 -WHOLESALE DEALERS 
 
 STAPLE AND FANCY GOODS, 
 
 FLOUR AND PROVISIONS, 
 
 TEAS A SPECIALTY. MOLASSES A SPECIALTY. 
 
 311, 313 & 315 Commercial Street, Portland, Me. 
 
 ESTABLISHED IN 1859. 
 
 '157 i 1S5 
 
 PORTLAND, MAINE. 
 
90 
 
 BUSINESS CARDS. 
 
 T. S. 
 
 CO., 
 
 MERCHANTS & SHIP BROKERS 
 
 REVERE COPPER CO., 
 
 AM) WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IX 
 
 SHIP STORES AND CHANDLERY, 
 
 NOS. 135 & 137 COMMERCIAL STREET, PORTLAND, ME. 
 
 J. S. WINSLOW. H. P. DEWEY. 
 
 S. W THAXTBR & CO., 
 
 LOUR, .RAIN 
 
 NOS. 2 & 3 GALT BLOCK, COMMERCIAL STREET, 
 
 s. w. TIIAXTEB. 
 
 W. II. THAXTEK. 
 
 Oentra.1 Street, ZBostorci. 
 
 NUTTER, KIMBALL & CO., 
 
 IMPORTERS OF SUGARS AND MOLASSES, 
 
 MA\UFA( TUUEUS AND DEALERS IX 
 
 AND WHITE BIRCH SPOOL WOOD, 
 
 NO- 418 FORE STREET, PORTLAND, MAINE. 
 
 T. NUTTER. 
 
 GKO.L. KIMBALL. 
 
 WM. H. SCOTT j 
 
 MANUFACTURER OF 
 
 Galvanized Iron and Copper Gutters, 
 Cornices, Window Caps, Mouldings, &c. 
 
 Agent for Austin's Patent Expanding Water 
 Conductor, Abendroth and Root's Spiral Riv- 
 eted Pipe, Pumps and Ash Barrels. All kinds 
 of Metal Rooting a Specialty. Also Steamboat, 
 Locomotive Boiler Stacks. Snow removed 
 from roofs. Persons troubled with Leaky 
 Roofs caused by ice and snow freezing on the 
 eaves of the building can have them lined up 
 water tight, or proper ventilation supplied. 
 
 WM. H. SCOTT, 
 
 29, 31 & 33 Union Street, Portland. 
 
BUSWESS CARDS. 91 
 
 s ~cr :EB IE T -^ onsr IBOHSTIDS- 
 
 BANK ( >KFICIALS and others, who are required to give Bonds in their positions 
 of trust, and who deshe to avoid asking friends to become their sureties, or who may 
 wish to relieve friends from further obligations as bondsmen, should apply to the 
 agents of the 
 
 American Surety Company, of Ne\v York, 
 
 CASH ASSP:TS, ?v,.-,n,ooo. RICHARD A. KLMER, PKESIDEXT. 
 
 \V. D. LITTLE, AGENT, 
 
 No. 31 Exchange Street, PORTLAND, ME. 
 
 Refers to Jos. K. BLABON, Esq., President Board of Trade, 
 
 DOW, COFFIN & LIBBY. 
 
 -HKUNDERWRITERS,*- 
 
 -AND- 
 
 GENERAL INSURANCE AGENTS, 
 
 NO. 42 EXCHANGE STREET. 
 
 J. H. COFFIX. FRANK W. I.IBBY. 
 
 28 EXCHANGE ST., PORTLAND, 
 
 INSURANCE AGENCY. 
 
 Insurance can be placed in this Agency at as Low Rates as at any 
 agency in Portland. 
 
 ROCTOR, 
 
 -DEALER IN 
 
 No. 93 EXCHA.N:OK STREET, 
 
92 
 
 BUSINESS CARDS. 
 
 TONE WARE COMPANY, 
 
 CO., 
 
 -MANUFACTUKERS OF- 
 
 FIRE BRICK, 
 
 GREASE TRAPS, 
 
 CHIMNEY TOPS, 
 
 Terra -Cotta Garden Vases, Stone, 
 Ware Beef Barrels, 
 
 STONE WARE FOR CHEMICAL PURPOSES, 
 RED SOLE TILE 
 
 And Dealers in 
 
 FIRE CLAY, 
 
 FIRE MORTAR, 
 
 KAOLIN, ETC. 
 
 DEPOT AND YARD, 
 
 At Eastern Division of the B. & M. Rail- 
 road, Charlestown District. 
 
 OFFICE, 
 
 8 LIBERTY SQUARE, 
 
 8 BATTERYMARCH STREET, 
 BOSTON, MASS. 
 
 Factory, North End of Deering's Bridge, 
 ^ORTLAISTD, ME. 
 
 J. N. WINSLOW. 
 
 P. O. BOX, 133*. 
 
 E. B. WINSLOW. 
 TELEPHONE 549-B. 
 
BUSINESS CARDS. 
 
 93 
 
 
 ommission penchant, 
 
 MANUFACTURER AND DEALEIi IN 
 
 PACKING BOXES OF ALL SIZES, MADE TO ORDER, 
 324 Commercial Street, 
 
 HEAD OF BROWN'S WHARF, 
 
 MANUFACTURERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 
 
 SPRUCE LUMBER, 
 
 Clapboards, Shingles, Laths and Pickets, 
 
 OFFICE, BERLIN MILLS WHARF, 
 
 SHIPPING AND COMMISSION MERCHANT, 
 
 AND MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN 
 
 -^COOPERAGE STOCK,*^^- 
 
 NO. 2O8 Commercial Street, 
 PORTLAND, ME. 
 
 GILBERT M. SOULE, 
 
 MANUFACTURER OF 
 
 ffi 
 
 icc 
 
 * SHBRT^LU^BER, 
 
 ^ommerciaf Afreet, 
 
 MILLS AT GROVETOX, N. H. 
 
94 
 
 CAKDS. 
 
 B. A. ATKINSON * CO., 
 House 
 
 Corner F*earl and Middle Streets, 
 
 Have the Largest and Best Selected Stock of 
 
 CHAMBER FURNITURE, 
 
 PARLOR FURNITURE, 
 
 CARPETS AND RUGS, 
 
 STOVES AND RANGES, 
 
 IN" THE COUNTRY. 
 
 Examination of Goods and Prices Respectfully Solicited. 
 
 ISAAC C. ATKINSON, Manager. 
 
BUSIXKSS CARDS. l.*i 
 
 ZHZOTJSIE 
 
 ,3xr. 
 
 This widely known Favorite Summer Resort, (New 1885], 
 Open June 28th to October 1st, 1887, 
 
 C. R. MILLIKEN & CO., Proprietors, 
 
 C. R. MILLIKEN, E. A. GILLETT. 
 
 PORTLAND, ME. 
 The Largest and Most Elegantly Appointed Hotel in Maine, 
 
 Just refitted and furnished with new and costly Furniture, and 
 every luxury usually found in First Class Hotels. 
 
 JOHN K. MARTlNj PROPRIETOR. 
 
 BURBANK, DOUGLASS & CO. 
 
 IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IX 
 
 J-.amp Goods, Chandeliers, and plated Ware, 
 
 NO- 242 MIDDLE ST., PORTLAND. 
 
 ALBERT L. BUKBAXK, LINCOLN R. LORING. 
 
 xWEBB & CUSHING.S: 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 LADIES' AND MISSES' 
 
 XOS. 7t>, 81 AND S3 CROSS STRKKT, 
 
 PORTLAND, ME. 
 
96 
 
 BUSINESS CARDS. 
 
 nmtilt 
 
 ESTABLISHED IN NEW YORK, 1841; BOSTON, 1843; PORTLAND, 1868. 
 
 EDWARD RUSSELL & CO., 
 
 81 MILK STREET, BOSTON. 
 
 ALSO IN PORTLAND AND BANGOR, MAINE, WORCESTER AND LYNN, MASS.. 
 
 R. G. DUN & Co., 314 and 316 Broadway, 83 Wall Street, and 61 Park Street, 
 N. Y., and in all the leading cities in the United States and Canada, embracing 
 ONE HUNDRED SIXTEEN branch and associate offices. 
 
 We have extraordinary facilities, through these numerous connections, of furnish- 
 ing accurate information respecting the CREDIT AND RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS 
 MEN throughout the country. 
 
 OTJIR, 
 
 BOOK! 
 
 Issued quarterly, contains the location, names and occupations of over 1,100,000 
 merchants, traders, manufacturers, bankers and business men generally. 
 
 COLLECTION DEPARTMENT. No organization in the entire country offers such 
 secure, prompt and economical means of collecting over due claims as this agency. 
 
 Terms of Subscription may be obtained of 
 
 EDWARD RUSSELL & CO,, (T.. FRANK JONES, Manager,) 
 
 31 B EXCHANGE STREET, PORTLAND. 
 
 This institution offers superior facilities for preparing young men and ladies for the 
 counting room and business pursuits. Terms very reasonable, iu fact never so low as at 
 present, while the advantages offered have never been eqalled. 
 
 The public are cordially invited to call and examine pur new rooms and our 1 manner of 
 doing business. Catalogues free. Any further information cheerfully furnished. 
 
 L. A. GRAY, Principal, 
 
 PORTLAND, ME. 
 
 -MANUFACTURERS OF- 
 
 Salesroom, No. 22 West Houston Street, New York. 
 
 FACTORY, PORTLAND, ME. 
 
BUSINESS CARDS. 
 
 97 
 
 " 
 
 It 
 
 at tl?e 
 
 One touch of the finger should produce any character used by the 
 operator of a writing machine; instruments that fail to accomplish 
 this are deficient and do not fully meet the necessity that brought 
 them forth. These facts are self-evident. 
 
 The No. 2 " Caligraph " is the only writing machine that fully 
 economizes time and labor, and economy of time and labor is 'the 
 best reason we know for soliciting trade. 
 
 Granting that we are at the front in this, we can show that our late 
 improved machines excel in mechanical merit, durability, and beauty 
 of work. 
 
 Over 15,000 " 
 
 " w in Daili) 
 
 We publish 400 letters from prominent men and firms which are 
 convincing. 
 
 The "Caligraph" is used by the Board of Trade. 
 For specimens, etc., address, 
 
 NEW ENGLAND 
 
BUSINESS CARDS. 
 
 Genfeal 
 
 The Great Railroad Thoroughfare of the State, extends from Portland 
 
 to and beyond Bangor, to Boundary Line of Maine and New 
 
 Brunswick, uniting the Railroads of the United 
 
 States and Maritime Provinces. 
 
 This road, with its immediate connections REACH EVERY PART OF THE STATE, 
 the most important Branch, that from Bangor to Bar Harbor having been com- 
 pleted in 1884, forming the 
 
 ONLY ALL RAIL ROUTE TO MOUNT DESERT. 
 
 Time of Express Train between Boston and Bar Harbor, 10 hours. Nor is this 
 famous resort the only one to which this road leads, as it is also the route to be 
 taken for 
 
 MOOSEHEAD and the RANGELEY LAKES, 
 
 And all the noted Hunting and Fishing Resorts of Maine and New Brunswick, as 
 well as to Boothbay, Camden, Northport and numerous other points along the sea 
 coast and in the interior, which, with their invigorating atmosphere, are drawing 
 increased numbers of visitors each year. 
 
 PULLMAN SLEEPING CARS are run on night trains between Bosto^i, Bangor, and 
 Bar Harbor, Bangor and St. John, St. John and Halifax; and Pullman Parlor Cars 
 on day trains between Boston, Bangor and Bar Harbor. The completion of the 
 cantilever bridge across the St. John river at St. John, renders through cars between 
 Boston and Halifax a possibility. 
 
 The Portland, Ht. Desert and fflacMas Steamboat Company, 
 
 1m al>a, ; Under th Sam 
 
 Steamers make semi-weekly trips between Portland and Machiasport, leaving 
 Portland Tuesdays and Fridays at 1 1 p. m. , or on arrival of train leaving Boston 
 at 7 p. m., touching at Rockland, Castine, Deer Isle, Sedgewick, Southwest and 
 Bar Harbors, Millbridge, Jonesport and Machiasport, or passengers for the last 
 three named points can take train to Bar Harbor and connect with steamer there. 
 
 Persons desiring to get rid of threatened epidemics will find more delightful 
 places in Maine than any other part of the whole country. 
 
 Through cars run from Boston, via Boston & Maine R. R., Eastern and Western 
 Divisions, and Tickets and information can be obtained at their depot and city 
 offices, as well as at all Maine Central and principal ticket offices throughout the 
 country. Send for Time Tables. 
 
 PAYSON TUCKER, Gen. Manager. 
 F. E. BOOTH BY, Gen. Pass. Agent. 
 
BUSINESS CARDS. 99 
 
 OSTON 
 
 THE DIRECT ROUTE 
 
 WHO W IFOBOS, TMH g$PTH ^LMB WEST. 
 
 LOW FARES AND FREQUENT TRAINS 
 
 ALL THE GREAT BEACHES. 
 
 SCARBORO, PINE POINT, OLD ORCHARD, SACO AND BIDDEFORD, 
 
 KENNEBUNK, WELLS, SALMON FALLS, GREAT FALLS, 
 
 f)ovER, ROCHESTER, LAKE 'WINNIPESAUKEE, 
 
 PORTSMOUTH, EXETER, HAVERHILL, 
 
 NEWBURYPORT, LAWRENCE, 
 LOWELL, NASHUA, CLINTON, WORCESTER, SALEM, LYNN AND 
 
 PARLOR & PULLMAN gARS ON THROUSH TRAINS. 
 
 TICKETS T0 ALL P01HTS WEST AM S00TH. 
 
 JAMES T. FURBER, Gen'l Manager. 
 DANA J. FLANDERS, Gen. Pass. Agt. 
 M. L. WILLIAMS, Gen. Agent. 
 
100 BUSINESS CARDS. 
 
 _ . R 
 
 **THE POPBUI BOUTE** 
 
 -TO- 
 
 Manchester, Concord, Nashua, Lowell, Worcester, 
 
 SPRINGFIELD, 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, 
 
 S II I 3ST O- T O IfcT , 
 
 THE SHORT, QUICK ROUTE 
 
 DETROIT, 
 
 CHICAGO, ST. LOUIS, 
 
 AND ALL POINTS WEST. 
 
 NO TRANSFERS. RAPID TRANSIT. 
 
 ELEGANT PASSENGER COACHES. 
 
 TICKETS AT ALL PRINCIPAL TICKET OFFICES. 
 BAGGAGE CHECKED THROUGH TO ALL IMPORTANT POINTS. 
 
 Depot in Portland, Foot I^reble Street 
 J. W. PETERS, Superintendent. 
 
BUSINESS CARDS. 101 
 
 FOR 
 
 Westbrook, So. Windham, Sebago Lake, Steep Falls, Baldwin, Hiram, 
 Brownfield, Fryeburg, No. Conway. N. H., Bartlett, N. H,, with 
 connections for North Windham, Naples, Cornish, Porter, 
 Keazar Falls, Freedom, Denmark, Lovell, Stow, Chatham, 
 via Daily Stages : and Bridgton, No. Bridgton, Har- 
 rison, Waterford, via Bridgton &: Saco River R. R. 
 
 THE FAVORITE PLEASURE ROUTE TO 
 
 "Profile," "Crawford," "Fabyaif and "Sleif Houses, 
 
 SUMMIT MT, 
 
 AND ALL POINTS IN 
 
 "WHITE 
 
 Bethlehem, N. H., Lancaster, N. H., Whitefield, N. H., Lunenburg, 
 
 Yt., St. Johnsbury, Vt., Morrisville, Vt.. Johnson. Yt., Highgate, 
 
 Yt., Swanton, Vt., Littleton, N. H., Lisbon, N. H., Bath. X. 
 
 H.. Woodsvilk, N. H.. Wells River, Yt.. Montpelier, 
 
 Vt., Waterbury, Yt.. Burlington, Vt., St. Albans, Vt. 
 
 -THROUGH TRAINS DAILY TO- 
 
 MONTRE1L 1MB OGDENSBUIG, 
 
 With connections at St. Johnsbury for Newport, Sherbrooke and Quebec. At 
 
 Burlington for all points on Lake Champlain, Lake George and Saratoga. 
 
 At Norwood and Ogdensburg for points in Northern and Central 
 
 New York, Niagara Falls and 
 
 TO SHIPPERS! 
 
 The PORTLAND & OGDEXSBURG R. R. is the only line now maintaining traffic 
 arrangements with the "FAST FREIGHT COLOR LINES" for direct shipments be- 
 tween Portland and all points West. 
 
102 BUSINESS CARDS. 
 
 *UIHE STE11S11P COMPACT.* 
 
 SEMI-WEEKLY LINE BETWEEN 
 
 PORTLAND AND NEW YORK. 
 
 One of the staunch steamships, WINTHROP, (new), Capt. Albert Bragg; ELEA- 
 NORA, Capt John Bennett, leaves Franklin Wharf, Portland, every Wednesday and 
 Saturday at 6.00 p. m. Leaves Pier 38, East River, New York, every Wednesday 
 and Saturday at 4.00 p. m. 
 
 Fares, (in State Room), between Portland and New York, $5.00. Round trip 
 tickets, allowing stop over at Martha's Vineyard, $8.00. Between Portland or New 
 York, and Martha's Vineyard, $4.00. Round trip tickets from Portland or New 
 York to Martha's Vineyard and return, $7.00. Meals extra. 
 
 Freight received and forwarded to and from all points south, and west of New York and 
 east ot Portland. For freight or passage apply to 
 
 J. B. COYLE, Jr., Gen. Agent, Office, Franklin Wharf, Portland. 
 HORATIO HALL, Agent, Office, Pier 38 East River, New York. 
 
 DAILY LINE OF FIRST CLASS STEAMERS BETWEEN 
 
 PORTLAND AND BOSTON. 
 
 The STAUNCH AND ELEGANT STEAMERS of this OLD AND RELIABLE 
 LINE leave Franklin Wharf, Portland, every evening (Sundays except- 
 ed), at 7 o'clock, arriving at Boston in season for connection with the 
 earliest trains on all diverging lines. 
 
 RETURNING, leave India Wharf, Boston every evening, (Sundays 
 excepted), at 7 o'clock in summer and 5 o'clock in winter, connecting 
 on arrival with all railroad and steamboat lines for eastern points. 
 No loss of business time in traveling by this favorite route. 
 
 SUNDAY TRIPS DURING SUMMER. 
 
 J. B. G0YLE, Manager. J. F. MSG6MB, Gen. flgenl. 
 
 GENERAL OFFICES, PORTLAND, MAINE. 
 
BUSINESS CARDS. 
 
 103 
 
 The Passenger Accommodations of the Steamers of this 
 Line are Elegant. 
 
 Boston and Portland, $1.OO. Boston an 'I East port, $4.<>O. 
 
 Boston and St. .John, $4.5O. Boston and Calais, $4. SO. 
 
 Portland and St. John, $4.00. Portland and Eastport, $3.5O. 
 
 Portland and Calais, $4.OO. 
 
104 BUSINESS CARDS. 
 
 LORfflft $W1$ \ HARMON, 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 
 
 Booksellers and Stationers, 
 
 AND DEALERS IN 
 
 PAPER HANGINGS 
 m 
 
 LANCASTER BUILDING, OPP. PREBLE HOUSE, 
 
 t., . 
 
 UTUAL* 
 
 Life Inguraiice Gompaqij, 
 
 1848. 
 B. IDeTT^ZTT, 
 
 Assets December 31 st, 1886, $6,124,716.82 
 
 Surplus (Mass, and Maine standard), - 375,021,98 
 
 Paid Policy Holders more than, 22,000,000.00 
 
 Send to the Company or any of its Agents for circulars explaining 
 the Maine Non-Forfeiture Law and the attractive plans of the Union 
 Mutual. 
 

 cr. 
 
 ANNUITY ENDOWMENT POLICY 
 
 
 The Travelers Insurance Co., Hartford, Ct 
 
 A NEW DEPARTURE IX LIFE INSURANCE 
 
 .AIST niTSTJE/A.3SrCE IBOUSTX), 
 
 j; Beneficiaries as usual in event of death, and providing an 
 ER WITH if insured lives till sixt or after. 
 
 All claims paid upon receipt of proofs in both Life and Accident Department 
 ind without discount. Ask for the new departure in Accident Insurance also. 
 
 FIRST NATIONAL BANK BUILDING, PORTLAND, MB. 
 
 PORTLAND STAR MATCHES. 
 
 SAFEST. SUREST AND BEST 
 
 FOR HOME USE OR EXPORT. 
 
 MANUFACTURED ONLY BY 
 
 PORTLAND STAR MATCH CO., 
 

M23558O 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA UBRARY