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GosKiLt, Printer, Little Queen Stiect, Holbor* OU A ROUTE, / k JOURNAL OF A ROUTE TO NAGPORE, BY THE WAY OF CUTTAE, BURROSUMBER, THE SOUTHERN BUN J A RE GHAUT, IN THE YEAR 1790 : WITH AX ACCOUJfT OF J¥AGPORE, AND A JOURNAL FROM THAT PLACE TO BENARES, BY THE SOOHAGEE PASS. ■•> i ? ■& ■'•■ By DANIEL ROBINSON J.ECKIE, Esq. ILLUSTKATED WITH A MAP. LONDON: PRINTED FOR JOHN STOCKDALE, PICCADILLY. 1800. ADVERTISEMENT. J. HE following flieets are a Journal which my brother, when very young, kept, and intended only for my perufal ; but as it appears that the route he took was through a part of India left blank in Major Ren- nell's Map, and laid down as little known to Rurcpeans^ it is oifered to the Public in fome meafure to fill the chafm, until more perfeft materials (hall be produced towards completing that celebrated work. 14th April, 1800. G. F. LECKIE. ti5v993 JOURNAL OF A ROUTE NAGPORE, BY THE WAY OF CUTTAE, BURROSUMBER, DONGUR GHUR, AND THE SOUTHERN BUN J ARE GHAUT, In the Months of March, April, May, to ihe 3d of June, 1790. JOURNAL OF A ROUTE, &:c. &c. UILES. Sunday y March 7, 1 6 JJEPARTED from Calcutta at fix in the eVefling, arid arrived at Pulta Ghaut at nine o'clo ck. Monday 8. Halted, and fent the baggage acrofs the river. 12 Tuefday 9.* To Seinkole. jQ Wednefday 10. To Diverhutta. Q Thurfday 1 1 . To Miapore. 12 Friday 12. To Dewaungunge. J 2 Saturday 13. To Kerpoy. «Q Sunday 14. To Midnapore. * Any obfervations on the face of the country from Calcutta io Jella- fore appear as fuperfluous as a journal from Windfor to Kew« a JOURNAL OF A miles. lOl Monday 15. Halted. luefday 16. Halted. Wednefday 17. To Mookrimpoor. 16 Ihurfday 18. To a fmall village beyond Narraingurh. 14 Friday 19. Two miles beyond Dantoon, on the 10 banks of a tank. Saturday 20. Pafled through Jellafore ; crofTed the 16 Soobunreka, and encamped to the S. W of Colonel Cockerell's detachment. My elephant unfortunately run a piece of bamboo into his foot, and I (hould have been unable to have proceeded had it not been for the civility of Colonel Cockerell, who ordered me a camp elephant to Balafore. Sunday 21. The road was uneven, over fields, and 15 as we advanced into the Merhattah territory there was lefs appearance of cultivation and inhabitants. We crofTed two or three nullahs, or rivulets, and palTed the Chokey, or Station of Bufta, to the right : there are only a few horfemen as a guard. We encamped at the village of Burrampore, in company with Lieutenant 172 MILES. ROUTE TO NAGPORE. - 172 Maxwell, Eiifigns Stokoe and Spotifv/oode> Mr. Foriler having proceeded alone to Balafore, by the defire of Colonel Cockerell, to fettle with the foujdar of that place regarding the fupplies for the detachment. — Courfe nearly S. 10 Monday 22. The road was tolerably good, and the country bore a more cultivated appearance than v;hat we faw yefterday ; we paiTed the village of Ramchun- derpoor, where there is a fort of mud ; croffed the Soane at the Poolary Ghaut at low water, and arrived at Balafore at eight o'clock. Balasore was formerly a flourlililng port, but their manufactory of the Sanaes (properly Sehun) cloths is very much fallen off, both in quality and quantity ; and the ruinous flate of the Englifh and Dutch fadories, with the infignificance of the Danifli one, feem to fhow that the trade is not of that confequence which it formerly was. The government is directed by a foujdar, a civil officer, having military authority, named Morah Pundit. He collefts the revenue from Neelgurh, and remits it, 182 B 2 4 JOURNAL OF A whiles. 182 together with the annual tribute from the Rajah of Mohr Bunj, to Cuttae. IMorah Pundit came to pay Mr. Forfter a vifit at the fadlorj, mounted on an elephant, and attended by ten horfe and thirty matchlockmen. He is a tall, good-looking man, and wears the habit of the Decan Moguls. Few compliments palTcd, and the converfation turned upon the provifions to be fupplied for the detachment whilft it was palling through the Merhattah territory. As I had heard much, and feen nothing, of Merhattah horfenien, I was particular in obferving them. They ride with very fhort flirrups, infomuch that their thighs are in an horizontal pofitlon with the faddle, which is made of cloths or filk, according to the ability and fancy of the rider, thickly quilted ; and they have a firm feat. Their arms are fometimes matchlocks, with fwords and ihields, but moft commonly the fpear, which they ufe with great dexterity. The country round about Balafore has a pleafant ap- pearance, and my eye was very much relieved by the 4 182 JOURNAL OF A *"^'^^^- 400 was obliged to feel for the p:\th with my hands : when I paifed the tank, called Pudumtallai, on the top, it was dark. I iinderiland that there is a chokey of a few pvkes there, and that it is the eaitern extremity of the zemindary of the Rajah of Boad, with whom the Mer- hattahs have entered into the fame mutual contraft as with the Zemindar of Dufpulluh. The dcfcent from Pudumtallai to CulTumgurh, near which we encamped, is (jradual and eafv. There is a bamboo fort: it is out of the high road. We were obliged to dig for water on the bed of a nullah. There is a tank in the village, where the elephants went to wafli, but the water was bad. — Our courle was irrec^ular, but inclined to the we 11 ward. JVednefday 28. The road was good: we croiTed the j2 beds of two nullahs, which were broad, and palled two villages, the lall called Beinfghorau, at feven miles from Cuffumgurh, and encamped at the village of Pungurha, on the banks of the river. — Courfe W. N.Vn'". Ihurjday 29. The road was very good, and in ge- 12 424 MILES. ROUTE TO NAGFORE. 45 424 neral led through a thick wood. After croiTing the beds of two nullahs we paiTed Ramgurh, where the country is more open, and encamped in a mangoe grove about two miles beyond it, clofe upon the banks of the river, which is rocky and deep, and bears a beautilul appear- ance. At forty minutes pafi: four o'clock A. M. there was a total eclipfe of the moon. — Courfe W.S.W. 10 Friday 30. The road was excellent and the country open. We crolTed the beds of two dry nullahs, which were broad, at about three miles diitance. We palTed by the village of Quoid, to the right, which is fortified in the country manner with clumps of bamboos : we ar- rived at Boad at fix o'clock.— Courfe nearly N.W. owing to a turn which the river takes : and it will be found the dire£tion of the road is governed by the fituation of the river, as water is fcarce in that country. Saturday, May i. Halted at Boad. The Rajah paid us a vifit ; he is an old man, and of very decent deportment: he came in a palankeen, and had the Chetz, Nilhaun, and Merautib, and a number 434 C4 JOURNAL OF A milks. 434 of people attending him. He is a Rnipoot, and his famil}' has heen in poficliion of Boad for a long fcries of years. His country is a fine valley, and the inhabitants appear to be rather numerous than othervvife. Boad extends from the Burramool Gaut to the eaftward, to the jun£tion of the Tail Nudde with the Mahanuddy to the weil;vvard, and is confined on north and fouth by the hills on each lide of the river. The villag-e isfmall: there is a bam- boo fort. The only remarkable objefts I faw were fome pagodas, dedicated to the Maha Dcu ; the figures carved on the outfide were very light, and better executed than any thing of the fort I ever faw. It is curious to obferve, that in OrifTa the bramins do not officiate in the pa- godas, but the gardeners. In my walk this evening I met with a bramin, an intelligent man; he told me that the Rajah jMuddoo Soodur was very ill obeyed, and that he received no revenue from his country, and only a fmall amount in kind for the ufe. of himfclf and family, which was paid from fome of the villages in the imnic- diate vicinity of Boad. 434 MILES. ROUTE TO XAGPORE. 25 434 He faid it was othervvife during the government of the Rajah's brother, who died about two years ago ; he was dreaded by all the petty Zemindars, and received a tri- bute equal to 5000 rupees per annum. 17 Sunday 2. Country open, and fine road. PaiTed the village of Comarhara to the right, at about four miles from Boad. Crofl'ed the Sunklee Nuddee, a clear ftream, ankle deep : there is a fort and a village near it, called Mirzadhore, fituated on the hither lide. From thence the road lies through a thin foreft, in which I faw a great number of deer : when we had got clear of it we came on to a plain, on which Byraghur is fituated; but finding no flicker we proceeded two miles fai'ther, and encamped under the fhade of fome peepul and dauk trees. There is a jeel and a well of water, which are both bad ; but there is a tope near the river fide, which we did not fee till we had encamped. The Rajah of Boad had fent a man along with us, and ordered the people at Byraghur to fell us provifions; and we received great 451 E 26 JOURNAL OF A MtLEs- civility from all his people. — Our courfe for the firR part was due W. latterly S. W. Mo't'idaj 3. The country was in general open, and 13 where there was jungle it was thin. The hills to the right and left were diftant. We croffed the Baug Nudde at about four miles from Byraghur, and nine miles beyond it the Tail Nudde, at its confluence with the Mahanuddy, three quarters of a mile to the S.E. of Sohnpoor, near which we encamped in a pleafant man- goe tope. — Our courfe was nearly W. and by S. The Rajah, Pirrit Singh, a hoy of about ten years of age, came and paid us a vifit in the evening. The management of all the bufinefs is in the hands of the Dewaun, an OrilTa bramin. They complain much of the licentioufnefs of a Merhattah army under the com- mand of Bundhoo Jee, the nephew of Maipuh Raou, the governor of Ravpore ; and the Dewaun entreated Mr. Forller to reprefent their fituation at Nagpore, and procure redrefs. The inhabitants of the countries which we have 464 MILES. ROUTE TO NAGPORI'^,. 27 464 hitherto paiTed through flyle themfelves Woreas, or na- tives of OrilTa. They are a fierce people, and polTefs -a confiderable degree of perfonal courage ; they are commonly armed with bows and arrows, or fwords : the latter are generally carried naked, and are broad at the end and narrow in the middle. They have a rooted an- tipathy againft the Merhattahs, and frequently boaft of , the numbers they have flain. The latter are too ftrong for them in the plain, but they can make themfelves very formidable to cavalry in the woods. 16 Tuefday 4. We ftruck out of the ufual road to Nag- pore, which is by Sumbulpoor and Saringurh, to go by the Burrofumber diilri£t, which is {horter by fix flages than the former. After we had got clear of the town our road led through a jungle of low trees. When we had travelled fix miles we came to a tank and a village, to the left of the road, called Baunkberja : at twelve miles another tank and a few huts. We croiTed the beds of feveral dry nullahs, and water is in general to be found by digging for it. After going through an extent 480 E 2 a8 JOURNAL OF A mh-es. 480 of nineteen miles of jungle and wood, and pafllng two deferted villages, I arrived at Luchinpoor, and fat down in expeftation that the party would come up ; but after waiting two hours, a fervant came and told me that Mr. Forller had encamped four miles in the rear. It was then exceflively hot, and I rode up to the fort, and requefted the Kelladar to give me flicker : he gave me an out- houfe to remain in, brought me milk, and was very civil, but would not let me go into the fort. It is of mud. The country round about is open : there is a ftream of water about half a mile to the north of the fort, and a tank of fine water near it. I remained till near five o'clock, and returned where Mr. Forfter was encamped under fome peepul-trees. They had- been obliged to dig for water in the bed of a nullah.^ — Our courfe was W^ and by N. Wednejday 5. We pafled through lefs jungle tb-day. 1 %- The hills to the right fcarcely difcernible ; thofc to the left near. We palTed a deferted village, after having travelled about ten miles, and encamped at another 4 492 MILES. ROUTE TO NAGPORE • 29 492 deferted village, called Tintulgoun, fituated on the banks of the Aung Nudde, oppofite to which there is another village, called Dongrapalle. The channel of the Aung Nudde is about 200 yards broad. There are only pieces of ttanding water at this feafon, which are very good. The guides informed me the fource is to the welhvard, at a great diflance. The country appears to have been cultivated to the extent of fome miles round this village, and it is only a few months fince the inha- bitants have fled into the hills, which was at the ap- proach of Bundhoo Jee's army. 12 iChurfday 6. The road lay through an open country. After advancing about four miles, we came to Hurbunga, which we found totally deferted; and a mile beyond it, we faw Moorfond in the fame condition. Here the guides from Lucheep fell on their knees, and faid they would go on if we ordered them, but that they would return at the peril of their lives. They pointed out the road, which was flraight and well beaten, and we went on alone to a village called Saulebautte, where we 504 30 JOURNAL OF A milks. 504' found one family, and we pciTuaded the nixiiler of it, after much entreaty, to fliow us the road to the next vil- lage. He conducted us to Phafur, where we procured two men, who brought us on to Doorka. This village did not appear to have been long deferted, and I imagine the people mull have left it at our approach. We in- llantly placed a guard of Sepoys to prevent our fervants from pulling down the houfes for firewood ; and we fent the Bunnies, or grain people, with the guides, to a village about three miles off, called Huldee, where they got plentifully fupplied with every thing, and I am perfuaded, that if any Englifli gentlemen were to travel this way again, they would not find the people appre- henfive of being plundered. I recollecSt at Sohnpoor, amongft the number of perfons collefted round us, there was a bramin. who made the followino- obfervation in the courfe of fome converfation we had with him : — Said he, " You are natives of a region beyond fea, and have made yourfelves mailers of a large traft of country ill India, and we are fitting round you without dread and 504 MILES. ROUTE TO NAGPORE. 31 in an amicable manner. When the Merhattahs, who profefs the fame religion w^ith us, come into our terri- tory, we feek for refuge amongil the hills ; our herds and flocks are plundered by them, and our temples even not left unviolated." I could not help feeling a degree of force in the bra- min's fentiments, though he might have intended what ' O CD he faid only as a compliment ; and I was happy to find the people in general impreffed with a good opinion of the juftice of the BritiHi government in India. — Our courfe to this village was weir. N. B. There are feveral roads which turn off to the left, but the high road is that to the right. There is good water in a tank, and the Aung Nudde is about half a mile to the north of it. 12 Friday']. The road was good: the hills to the right difcernible, thofe to the left more diltant. We crofTed the bed of the Moneadur Nullah about two miles from Doorka, and the x\ung Nudde at fix. Two miles fur-ther went through Auglypore, where our people got- 516 i^ 32 JOURNAL OF A mii.es. fupplied with grain : pafled by Babopaulle, where there were only a few huts, and encamped at a defcrted vil- lage, two miles beyond it, called TellingapauUe, to the Touthward of which is tlie Aung Nudde. The country was in general open, and appeared favourable for cul- tivation, and where there was jungle it was thin. We faw feveral herds of deer with fine branching horns. — Courfe to Auglypore W. ; from thence S. W. Saturday 8. Palled Sarungpore at nine miles from 16 TellingapauUe, and Jumlah (where the Bunnies got fup- plied with grain), at twelve, and encamped at Donga Ghaut, to the S. W. of which we again met with the Aung Nudde. The country is open, there are marks of cultivation in many places, and we faw fomq lar^e droves of cattle. — Our courfe for the firfl ten miles was N. W. latterly S. W. Sunday 9. CrofTed the Aung Nudde ; pafTed Poal- 13 goun to the left, at about two miles, and Bobra at feven. CrofTed the bed of the Komrea Nudde at ten, and encamped in a fine grove of bur, tamarind, and peepul 545 MILES. ROUTE TO NAGPORE. 33 545 trees, called Burkale, near which there is a jeel of water. The road was good, and lay in general through a thin jungle. The hills to the left very near. — Courfe w. s.w. 20 Mo7iday 10. CroiTedthe Komrea Nudde. The road from thence had a wild appearance, and led through a forefl over a low ghaut at the foot of the hills for near eight miles, at which diftance the road leads off to the left to the hill on which the Burrofumber Rajah lives. There is no water to be met with except in one place, near two miles beyond the road which leads to Burrofumber. Mr. Forfter and myfelf having procured guides, took one, and proceeded beyond the people ; but he, miftaking the road, conduced us to a fmall village, inhabited by mountaineers, who fled at our appearance, but returned again in about two hours, making a moft hideous noife, dancing, and beating their axes on the ground. We judged the ihouting would bring more ; and, as we had only a few fervants with us, we thought it befl to attempt a retreat without bloodlhed : but we found at this crilis S^S F .7fit.E3. 626 camped at Balfoura, at which place we found httle {hade and bad water. — Courfe N. W. Sunday 16. The road, as yefterday, led over a fine 13 cultivated plain : crofled the Mahanuddy at two miles from Ballbura; the channel is about 300 yards broad. PafTed the villages of Pauragoun and Aring, at three and fix miles beyond it. The latter is a large and flourifliing place, where there are many merchants, weavers,. Sec. There is a moflr extenfive girm of mafigoe -tree's ndaf it. We encamped in a fine mangoe grove on the banks of a tank near Rewa. — Courfe to the Mahanuddy N.W. ; from thence W. All the perfons with whom I have had any con- verfation, both at this place and at Balfoura, concur in faying that the fource of the Mahanuddy is- about thirty gond cofs, equal to 1 20 Englifli miles, to the S. W. from hence, at a place called Sehawa, and that it rifes in a field at the foot of a hill. Monday 17. The road led over the plain. Piffled 16 Nowagoun at fix miles from Rewa. It was dark, but I ^SS witBs. ROUTE TO NAGPORE. ^ could perceive trees and a tank. There is a number of villages fcattered all over the plain, but none that either affords water or ibelter fufficient for a large party. We encamped to the eaftward of Raypore on the banks of a tank, called Bygenaut Ka Tallow, the only good tank near the place. — Courfe W. and by S. ; latterly W. Tue/clajy 18. Halted at Raypore. Raypore is a large town, and numbers of merchants and wealthy people refide there. There is a fort, the lower part of the walls of which is of ftone, the upper of mud ; it has five doors and feveral baftions. There is a fine-looking tank built round with mafonry, but the water is bad. Ruttunpoor is in general a very fertile, fine country, and may be ftyled, from its plentiful produce of rice, the Burdwan of thefe parts. The widow of Bembajee, Moddajee's brother, is Hill alive, and all oftenfible re- fpe£t is ihown to her; but the executive part of the go- vernment is in the hands of Mayput Raou, a bramin from Nagpore. The colleftions of Raypore, including ^SS 4 4.0 JOURNAL or A »iii.i«j tlie toll vipon loaded cattle, are only 70,000 rupees, and tliofe of all Ruttunpoor not above 1,50,000. During tlie government of Bembajee the revenue amounted to five or fix lacks of rupees ; but I was unable to learn the caufe of this aftonilliing decreafe. The people were remarkably civil ; for it feems the Rajah had givea orders that we iliould be fupplied with every thing we wanted. ^,{^ ed fief day i(). Plain and open country. CrolTed the 14 Kharavn river eight miles from Raypore, and palTed the village of Komrie a mile further ; to the right of which there is a roadleac, llUis -of France and Bourbon, the Alaldives, Ceylon, Malacca, the I'hilippiias, and Moluocas: With Kefearches into the Natural Hiftory of thofe Countries. Traiilbted from the frencii of M. Sox.NERAT. In 2 vols. 4t6. illnftrated and euibclliflied with 140 plates oi views, natural liiiloiy, mythology, Sec. Voyage in Search of La Peroufe, performed by Order of the Conftitucnt AflemWy of France, duiing the Years 1791, 171J2, 179^, and 1794. By M. La Bii.LARDitRE, oneof tlie Natuiilifts attached to the Expedition. Tranllated from the French. In one large vol. 410. on fine wove paper, with 4') plates. — Alfo the fame Work in z vols. 8vo. with all the plates. Hi il Gciulcm<;n Jclirous of the above valuable Woiks arc requcflcil to favour Mr. Stocku.vlc wilh early Or3ci5. 3Iaj)s and Phnis puhViJlicd hy J. Stock d.vle. A reduced Map of the Empire of Germany, Ilolland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, tfcc Grili)iis, Italy, Sicily, Curfica, and Sardinia. By Captain Chauchard, &:c. On three large ihcets. Pi ice \os. bJ. Anew Map of England and Wales, with the Southern Part of Scotland; on wliich are ac- cuiatcly laid down, the Turnpike-roads and principal Towns, Park?, Rivers, and Canals. On 49 plates, 5 feet 10 inches by 4 feet 8 inches, neatly coloured, in Iheets, i/. u. ; or on canvas and rollers, or in a cafe, i/. i u. bi/. — The great advantages of this Map are, that bv bcin» 0.1 10 iari^e a icale, with the Roads, Rivers, and princip;il Touns uncncumlKrcd by places of ieis co!i!e(iut;nce, the eye can eafily trace any object, without injuring the fight, or confuluig the obferver. A large Plan of London ; comprehending the Weft India new Docks, and funounding Villages. On four fiieets, 4 feet 8 inches by 3 feet 3 inches. Price 7/. 6^. ; or on canvas and rollers, or in a cafe, ijt, A large Map of the Country from Twenty to Thirty Miles round London; comprehending all the Turnpike and Crofs Roads, Parks, Rivers, Canals, &c. On four flicets, neatly coloured, price 7.'. bd. or on rollers, or in a cafe, i^s. bJ. 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