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 "THE ANCIENT CITY." 
 
 -A 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 -OP""' 
 
 AlAPim ill llaniaiKl. 
 
 1649—1887. 
 
 B¥ ELIHl S. KILEl. 
 
 ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 RECORD PRINTING OFFICE. 
 
 1887.
 
 Enteseb, according to Act of Congress in the year 1887, by ELIHXJ" 
 S. RILEY, in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Wasb 
 ington.
 
 
 Annapolis, Feb. 1, 1887. 
 
 In pursuance of the Act of 1886, Chapter 150, entitled "an Act to- 
 provide for a State subscription to Riley's History of Annapolis," 
 the undersigned, designated by said Act, to examine said History, 
 hereby certify that we have examined said History, as prepared by 
 said Riley, and find that it contains much valuable and interesting 
 matter, a considerable portion of which has not hitherto appeared in 
 any published history ; and believing, as we do, that the book will be 
 of interest to the people of the State, we, therefore approve the same. 
 
 Henry Lloyd, 
 R. H. Alvey, 
 
 E. P. DUVALL. 
 
 MM ?— ■ ir\ <r x .lOi 4~k
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 : o : 
 
 This History of Annapolis has been written in hours taken from 
 the (lays of a very busy life. They have been hours of lalior, but 
 hours lightened by the pleasures of the task. 
 
 The annals of the In-ave, intelligent, chivalrous people who made 
 the City of Annapolis celebrated, are part of the history of the nation. 
 
 In the early days of the capital, the sturdy Puritans represented 
 the austere and religious in its annals ; the political and aggressive 
 period followed the removal of the capital from St. Mary's to An- 
 napolis ; the third stage was the goLien age of Annapolitan history. 
 Its people, polished in literature, skilled in politics, energetic in busi- 
 ness, experienced the benefits of literary culture, maintained their rights 
 against encroaching proprietaries, pushed their commerce into many 
 seas, and enjoyed the opulence that active trade returns to intelligent 
 enterprise. Then came the Revolutionary epoch. In it, no city in 
 the colonies was more prompt and decisive in resisting the aggres- 
 sions of the crown, and in supplying troops and sinews of war for 
 carrying on active operations in the field against the British forces. 
 After the Revolution, Annaiiolis declined in importance, but the loca- 
 tion of the Naval Academy here in 1845 restored its national charac- 
 ter. The connection l)y Short-Line railroad with Baltimore renews 
 its ancient hopes of commercial importance. To gather the rays of 
 light from their varied sources and to form them into one prism of 
 information has made it necessary to search many volumes of history, 
 trench on the memory and patience of numerous citizens, and to record, 
 out of our own limited store-house of recollection, things new and old. 
 
 In this task we have had the aid of the following public documents, 
 journals, and histories : 
 
 Maryland Gazette, William Parks, Publisher, Annapolis, 1727, 
 1728, 1729. 
 
 Maryland rrazeto, Jonas Green and descendants, publishers, 1745 to 
 1839. 
 
 Ridgely's Annals of Annapolis, 1841. 
 
 Historical View of the Government of Maryland, .lohn V. L. Mc- 
 Mahon, 1831. 
 
 Historv of Maryland, John Leeds Kerr, 2 vols., 1837. 
 
 Scharf's History of Maryland, 3 vols., 1879. 
 
 Archives of Maryland, 3 vols., 1883. 
 
 Appletou's Encyclopedia. 
 
 Laws of Maryland, 1637 to 17(33.
 
 6 PREFACE. 
 
 Allen's History of St. Anne's Parish, 1857. 
 
 Eddis' Letters from Annapolis, 1769 to 1776. 
 
 Lord Baltimore's Rent Roll for Anne Arundel. 
 
 MS3. in the Land Office. 
 
 Surveys in Annapolis, MSS. in the Land Office. 
 
 Journals of Proceedings of the House, MSS., in the_Land Office, 
 Annapolis and 
 
 Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore. 
 
 Proceedings of the Provincial Court, MSS. in the Land Office. 
 
 Proceedings of the Governor's council, MSS. Land Office. 
 
 Marsliall's Life of "Washington. 
 
 Terra Marte. 
 
 Force's Tracts. 
 
 Register of St. John's College. 
 
 Report of the Legislature on St. John's College. 
 
 A Puritan CoLmv in Maryland, Dan'l. R. Randall. 
 
 A French Offict-r's Letters from America. 
 
 Soley's; History oi the Naval Academy. 
 
 House and Senate Documents, 1S61. 
 
 Proceedings of the Corporation. 
 
 Docket of the ZvLiyor's Court of Annapolis. 
 
 The Annapolis (razefte. 
 
 The Maryland (razette. (Xew Issue.) 
 
 The Record, Annapolis. 
 
 The Revised Code of Atmapolis. 
 
 Laws of Maryland of 1884. 
 
 I am indebted g:reatly to Senator Niciiolas Brewer, of this county, 
 for the loan of a valuable volume — Eddis' Letters from Awnapolis ; 
 also, a French Officer's Letters from America. The former has Ijeen 
 invaluable and without it the History of .Vniiapolis would have been 
 ■wanting in much important information. 
 
 To Mr. Geo. H. Shafer, Deputy iu the Land Office, Dr. E. P. Duvall, 
 State Librarian, and Mi. S. M. Gatchell. Librarian of the Maryland 
 Historical Society, I am hi(lel)ted for their many courtesies in grant- 
 ing me full access to the numerous sources of history in their respec- 
 tive offices. 
 
 To my venerable and esteemed relative, Mrs. Eliza Bon.sall. now in 
 the 84th year of her age, of sound mind, keen memory, and well-or- 
 dered intellect, I hereby gratefully acknowledge my great indebtedness 
 for much valuable information, especially in the location of former 
 landmarks and the identification of ancient houses in our city. 
 To Dr. George Wells, wliose unremitting and unsolicited efforts were 
 largely instrumental in securing the option of a State's subscription 
 to this History, I here record my high appreciation of his friendly 
 and invaluable services, that were rendered in that lofty spirit which, 
 when conferring a favor, seems to be receiving one. 
 
 I am indebted to the members of the Legislature who voted to
 
 PREFACE, 7 
 
 •sustain the work. Had it not been for them this volume had possibly 
 not been written. 
 
 My thanks are particularly due to the unwearied assistance the 
 Anne Arundel delegation gave in securing State aid to this work. 
 
 To the many friends whose interest has encouraged and whose help- 
 ful efforts have aided in the preparation of this work, I am gratefully 
 indebted, and none the less to those, in many quarters, who were in- 
 stant in season and out of season in bringing to the attention of Legis- 
 tors, the merits of the proposed work, and in urging upon them the 
 propriety of encouraging the publication by a State subscription. 
 
 The author has endeavored to make the work essentially oue of 
 fact, and to present those facts in the language of those who lived 
 this history, or who first chronicled the events to which they were co- 
 temporary. He conceives that the plan will convey to the reader a 
 better picture of the people and the times of which he wrote than any 
 style he might adopt. 
 
 If the halo of a State's glory is brightened by this work : if any 
 service has been rendered the commonwealth; if something valuable has 
 been j)re*erved from partial or total destruction by the History of 
 Annapolis, the members of the Legislature who voted for chapter 150, 
 Acts of 1886, are entitled to a large share of the credit to be accorded 
 -this volume. These members are : 
 
 In the Senate. 
 
 President Edwin Warfield, Senator from Howard. 
 
 Nicholas Brewer, '• " Anne Arundel. 
 
 William I). Burchinal, " " Kent. 
 
 Charles T. Claggett, " " Prince George. 
 
 R. Johnson Colton, " " St. Mary's." 
 
 Griffin W. Goldsborough, " •' Caroline. 
 
 Thomas G. Hayes, " '* Baltimore City. 
 
 Clinton McCullough, " " Cecil. 
 
 A. Beall McKaig, " " Allegany. 
 
 George Peter, " " Montgomery. 
 
 Isidor Rayner, " " Baltimore City. 
 
 Harry W.Rusk, 
 
 C. Bohn Slinglulf, " " Baltimore county. 
 
 Theophilus Tunis, " •' Talbot. 
 
 In the House of Delegates. 
 
 Speaker Joseph B. Seth, of Talbot county. 
 
 Francis V. King, " St. Mary's county. 
 
 Charles F. Xorris, " " 
 
 Lewis C. Justice, Jr., " Kent. 
 
 John Ireland, " Anne Arundel. 
 
 E. E. Gott, Jr.. 
 
 M. Tilghman Howard, " " 
 
 vGeo. N. Potee, " " 
 
 Francis Gantt, " Calvort.
 
 John Hubner, 
 William Pole, Sr., 
 Joseph S. Baldwin, 
 Michael O'Hara, 
 James J. Lindsay, 
 F. A. Benson, 
 Paul Winchester, 
 De Wilton Snowden. 
 Fillmore Beall, 
 William W. Busteed. 
 Edward C. Legg. 
 William Dudley. 
 R. Harris Archer, 
 Charles W. Wright, 
 John Y. Graham, 
 James R. Willing, 
 Edward D. Fitzgerald. 
 John Rooney, 
 Peter J. Campbell. 
 Richard J. Penn, 
 Charles H. Evans, 
 C. Dodd McParland. 
 Patrick Reilly. 
 L. W. Gunther, 
 Timothy Hayes, 
 Charles A. Hoffman, 
 Lewis Reitz, 
 Harry A. Schultz, 
 John E. Durding, 
 Henry C. Seebo, 
 Lewis C, McCusker, 
 Geo. M. Stonebraker, 
 E. C. Gaskill, 
 Albert Holle, 
 Samuel H. Hoffacker, 
 Michael Buckman, 
 Elias B. Arnold, 
 Annapolis, June 8, 1887. 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 " Baltimore county. 
 
 (( " 
 
 II it 
 
 " Talbot county. 
 
 " Prince George's county. 
 
 " Queen Anne's county. 
 
 " Harford county. 
 ' ' Caroline county. 
 
 " Baltimore City. 
 
 ■' Washington county. 
 
 " Allegany 
 
 << ii 
 
 " Carroll 
 
 ELIHU S. RILEY.
 
 CHArTE] 
 
 I. 
 
 II. 
 
 III. 
 
 IV. 
 
 V. 
 
 VI. 
 
 VII. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 IX. 
 
 X. . 
 
 XI. 
 
 XII. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 XV. 
 
 XVI. 
 
 XVII. 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 XX. 
 
 XXI. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 XXIII. 
 XXIV. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 xxr^qii. 
 
 XXIX. 
 XXX. 
 XXXI. 
 XXXIT. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 (:o:) 
 
 \. PAGE. 
 
 Settlement op Annapolis 17 
 
 PoRJUTiox OF Anne Aruxuel County 20 
 
 The Puritans Refuse to Send Delegates to the 
 
 Legislature of 1651 23 
 
 The Animosities of the Old World Transplanted 
 
 IN THE New 34 
 
 Providence Sends a Petition to the Commission- 
 ers OF the Commonwealth 26 
 
 Gov. Stone Proclaims the Puritans to be Rebels 37 
 
 An Indian Treaty Made on the Severn 28 
 
 Preparations for War 31 
 
 The Battle of the Severn 38 
 
 Quakers and Indians Disturb the Colony 37 
 
 Colonial Life 40 
 
 Ax Indiscreet Representative from Anne 
 
 Arundel 48 
 
 The Courageous Spirit of the Maryland 
 
 Settlers -50 
 
 Providence Changed to "The Town at Proctors'" 52 
 
 The Impeachment of Ma.ior Thomas Truman. , . . 54 
 Removal of the State Capital from St. Mary's 
 
 TO Annapolis 55 
 
 Ch(j,()xicles of Axxapolis from 1694 to 1700 63 
 
 First State House in Annapolis 66 
 
 St. Anne's Parish 68 
 
 King William's School 77 
 
 The Second State House in Annapolis 80 
 
 The Attempt of Richard Clarke, in 1707, to 
 
 Burn Annapolis 81 
 
 Annapolis is Made a City 85 
 
 The Annapolis Delegates Denied Admittance 
 
 TO THE House 93 
 
 The First Newspaper in Maryland 94 
 
 Chronicles of Annapolis from 1707 to 1740 96 
 
 The Second Newspaper Printed in Maryland. . 98 
 
 Annapolis in 1745 103 
 
 Annapolis A Century Old 108 
 
 Chronicles of Anitapolis from 1746 to 1773 109 
 
 Customs and Characters of the Capital 132 
 
 The First American Theatre Erected in An- 
 napolis 146
 
 10 
 
 XXXIII. 
 XXXIV. 
 
 XXXV. 
 
 XXXVI. 
 
 XXXVII. 
 
 XXXVIII 
 
 XXXIX. 
 
 XL. 
 
 XLI. 
 
 XLII. 
 
 XLIII. 
 
 XLIV. 
 
 XLV. 
 
 XLVI. 
 
 XLVII. 
 
 XLVin. 
 
 XLIX. 
 
 L. 
 
 LI. 
 
 LII. 
 
 LIII. 
 
 LIV. 
 
 LV. 
 
 LVI. 
 
 LVII. 
 
 LVIII. 
 
 LIX. 
 
 LX. 
 
 LXl. 
 LXII. 
 LXIII. 
 LXIV. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 The Stamp Act in Annapolis 149 
 
 Gov. Eden, OF Maryland, the Last English Gov- 
 ernor to Leave the Revolted Colonies. . . 153 
 
 Shipyards, Race Courses, and Indians 157 
 
 The Third State House in Annapolis 161 
 
 Annapolis in the Declaration of I»dependence 164 
 
 Annapolis During the Revolutionary War. . . . 165 
 A Political Prisoner in Annapolis During the 
 
 Revolution 1^5) 
 
 Annapolis After the Revolution 193 
 
 Annapolis Wants to be the Capital of the United 
 
 States 198 
 
 General Washington Resigns His Military Com- 
 mission AT Annapolis 200 
 
 St. John's College 308 
 
 President Washington's Visit to Annapolis 318 
 
 Chronicles of Annapolis from 1777 to 1810 320 
 
 The Ancient Regime Disappears 228 
 
 William Pinkney Banquetted in Annapolis 280 
 
 Annapolis During the War of 1813 383 
 
 LaFayette's Visit to Annapolis 339 
 
 "Thr Glorious Nineteen" 344 
 
 'MoE Morgue" 3.')0 
 
 Chronicli- s of Annapolis from 1810 to 1839 353 
 
 Location of the United States Naval Academy 
 
 AT Annapolis 304 
 
 A Riot in Annapolis 368 
 
 Chronicles of Annapolis from 184.') to 1847 373 
 
 A Retrospect of Two Centurif.s 374 
 
 A Galaxy of Illustrious Annapolitans 375 
 
 Chronicles of Annapolis from 1860 to 1861 380 
 
 Opening of the Civil War — Annapolis Seized by 
 
 THE Federal Government 381 
 
 Public Buildings, Churches, and Ancient Land- * 
 
 MARKS 303 
 
 Elections in Annapolis During thr; Civil, War. . 310 
 
 Chronicles of Annapolis from 1863 to 1887 311 
 
 A Disastrous Accident 321 
 
 Annapolis of the Present 333
 
 GOVERNORS 
 
 Of the Province and State of Maryland from 
 THE First Settlement in 1633 to 1887. 
 
 UNDER THE PROPRIETARY GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Leonard Calvert 1688. 
 
 Thomas Greene 1(547. 
 
 William Stone 1R49. 
 
 Commissioners ii n d e r 
 
 Parliament 1(554. 
 
 .Josiah Fendall 1658. 
 
 Philip Calvert 1661. 
 
 Charles Calvert 16(52. 
 
 Cliarles Lord Baltiraorel676.' 
 
 Thomas Notley 1678. 
 
 Charles Lord BaltimoreKSSl. 
 
 John Hart 1 
 
 Charles Calvert 1 
 
 Benedict L. Calvert.. .1 
 
 Samuel < )gle 1 
 
 Charles Lord Baltimorel 
 
 Samuel Ogle 1 
 
 Thomas Bladen 1 
 
 Samuel Ogle 1 
 
 Horatio Sharpe 1 
 
 lioiiert Eden 1 
 
 715. 
 720. 
 727. 
 732. 
 733. 
 735. 
 742. 
 
 lil. 
 
 753. 
 769. 
 
 UNDER THE ROYAL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Government seized by 
 the crown of Englandl68!J. 
 
 Lyonel Copley 1602. 
 
 Francis Nicholson 1694. 
 
 PRESIDENT'S OP THE PROVINCE 
 
 Nathaniel Blackiston. .1699- 
 
 .Tohn Seymour 1704- 
 
 .John Hart 1714- 
 
 Benjamin Tfsker. 
 
 Thomas Tench 1703. 
 
 Edward Lloyd 1709. 
 
 UNDER STATE GOVERNMENT. 
 
 .1752. 
 
 Provisional G o v e r n- 
 
 ^ ment 1776. 
 
 Thomas .Johnson 1777. 
 
 Thomas Sim Lee 1779. 
 
 William Paca 1782. 
 
 William Smallwood.. .1785. 
 .John Eager Howard. . . 1788. 
 
 George Plater 1791 . 
 
 Thomas Sim Lee 1792. 
 
 JohnH. Stone 1794. 
 
 John Henry 1797. 
 
 Benjamin Ogle 1798. 
 
 John Frances Mercer. .1801. 
 
 Robert Bowie 1803. 
 
 Robert Wright 1806. 
 
 Elected under Constitu- 
 tion of 1851, for four 
 years. 
 
 Thomas WatkinsLigon.1853. 
 
 Thos. Holliday Hicks. 1857. 
 
 Augustus W. Bradford. 1861. 
 
 Elected tinder Consti- 
 tution of 1866, for 
 four years. 
 
 Thos. vSwann, of Balto. 
 City 1865. 
 
 Elected under Constitu- 
 tion of 1867, for four 
 years. 
 
 Oden Bowie 1869.
 
 12 
 
 GOVERNORS OF 3IARYLAND. 
 
 Edward Lloyd 1800. 
 
 Robert Bowie 1811. 
 
 Levin Winder 1812. 
 
 Charles Ridgel y , of 
 Hampton 1815. 
 
 Charles Goldsborough.1818. 
 
 Samuel Sprigg 1810. 
 
 Samuel Stevens, Jr 1832. 
 
 Joseph Kent 1825. 
 
 Daniel Martin 1828. 
 
 Thomas King Carroll. .1829. 
 
 Daniel Martfn 1830. 
 
 George Howard 1831. 
 
 .Tames Thomas 1832. 
 
 Thomas W. Veazey. . .1835. 
 
 William Grason 1838. 
 
 Elected under the 
 amended Constitution 
 of 1838, for three years 
 
 William Grason 1838. 
 
 Francis Thomas 1841. 
 
 Thomas G. Pratt 1844. 
 
 Philip P. Thomas 1847. 
 
 Enoch Louis Lowe 1850. 
 
 Wm. Pinkney White,. 1873. 
 
 Resigned March 4, 1874, 
 to take seat as U. S. 
 Senator. 
 
 James Black Groome. .1874. 
 
 Gov. Groome, elected 
 by the Legislature. 
 
 John Lee Carroll 1875. 
 
 Wm. T. Hamilton 1879. 
 
 Robert M. McLane 1883. 
 
 Resigned March 37, 
 1885, to take the 
 position of U. S. 
 Minister to France. 
 
 Henry Lloyd 1885-7. 
 
 On resignation of Gov. 
 McLane, Hy. Lloyd, 
 of Maryland, (by vir- 
 tue of lieing President 
 of the Senate, became 
 Governor.) and wa.s 
 re-elect e d by the 
 Legislature, Jan. 30, 
 1886.
 
 MAYORS 
 
 Of the City of Annapolis Under the Charter 
 OF Q.UEEN Anne, and Subsequently. 
 
 Amos Garrett 1708. 
 
 Thomas Larkiu 1720. 
 
 Benjamin Tasker 1721. 
 
 Vac'hel Denton 1722. 
 
 Benjamin Tasker 1726. 
 
 Vachel Denton 1727. 
 
 William Rodsrers 1745. 
 
 .John Ross 1749. 
 
 Benjamin Tasker 1750. 
 
 Michael Macnamara.. .1753. 
 
 Benjamin Tasker 1754. 
 
 JohiiBrice 1755. 
 
 Benjamin Tasker 1756. 
 
 John Bnllen 1757. 
 
 John Ross 1758. 
 
 G-eorge Stewart 1759. 
 
 Michael Macnamara . . .1760. 
 
 Stephen Bordley 17G1. 
 
 John Brice 1762. 
 
 George Stewart 176:3. 
 
 Daniel Dulanv 1764. 
 
 John Ross...". 1765. 
 
 Walter Dnlanv 1766. 
 
 Upton Scott 1767. 
 
 Allen Quynn 1778-9. 
 
 .John Brice 1780. 
 
 .John Bullen 1781. 
 
 James Brice 1782. 
 
 -Jeremiah T. Chase 1783. 
 
 Nicholas Carroll 1784. 
 
 Rol)ert Conden 1785. 
 
 Allen Quynn 1786-7. 
 
 James Brice 1788. 
 
 .John Bnllen 1789. 
 
 Nicholas Carroll 1790. 
 
 Robert Couden 1791. 
 
 Allen Quynn 1792. 
 
 John Bnllen 1793. 
 
 James Williams 1794. 
 
 Burton Whetcroft 1807. 
 
 Johnlvelly.... 1808. 
 
 Burton Whetcroft 1809. 
 
 John Johnson 1810. 
 
 Nicholas Brewer 1811 . 
 
 Gideon White 1812. 
 
 John Randall 1813. 
 
 Nicholas Brewer 1814. 
 
 John Randall 1815. 
 
 Nicholas Brewer 1816. 
 
 John Randall 1817. 
 
 Nicholas Brewer 1818. 
 
 Lewis Duvall 1819-1822. 
 
 .James Boyle 1823-4. 
 
 Richard Harwood, of 
 
 Thos 1825-7. 
 
 Dennis Claude. . ..1828-1836. 
 
 .John Miller 1837-9, 
 
 Alex. C. Magruder.. 1840-2. 
 
 Richard Swann 1843-4. 
 
 William Bryan 1845. 
 
 Richard Swann 1846-7. 
 
 Richard R. Goodwin.. .1848. 
 
 Abram Claude 1847-50. 
 
 B. T. B. VVorthington.1851. 
 
 Richard R. Goodwin. ..1852. 
 
 Dennis Claude 1853. 
 
 Abram Claude 1854. 
 
 N. Brewer, of Nich.. .1855. 
 
 Richard Swanm 1854-7. 
 
 Joshua Brown 1858. 
 
 William Harwood 1859. 
 
 John R. Magruder.. .1860-1. 
 
 J. Wesley White 1863. 
 
 John R. Magruder 1863. 
 
 Solomon Phillips 1864. 
 
 Richard R. Goodwin. ..1865. 
 
 Richard Swann 1866. 
 
 Abram Claude 1867-8.
 
 14 
 
 MAYORS OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 William Pinkney 1795. 
 
 John Davidson 1800. 
 
 James Williams 1801. 
 
 Allen Quynn 1802. 
 
 Samuel Ridout 1803. 
 
 John Johnson 1 804. 
 
 James Williams 1805. 
 
 Samuel Ridout 1806. 
 
 Augustus Gkissa way. .. 1869. 
 
 JohnT. E. Hyde 1870. 
 
 James Munroe 1871-4.- 
 
 Arthur W. Wells. . . .1875-6, 
 .James H. Brown. .. .1877-8. 
 Thomas E. Martin. .1879-8*. 
 Abram Claude 1883-7.-
 
 ANNAPOLIS CITY GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Mayor, 
 DR. ABRAM CLAUDE. 
 Counaellur, 
 JAMES REVELL. 
 Aldtrmnn, 
 1st Ward, JOHN li. THOMAS, DAVID O. PARLETT 
 2nd " JOHN B. FLOOD, WM. E. BROOKS. 
 
 3rd " JULIAN BREWER, GRAFTON MUNROE. 
 
 Clerk, 
 ELIHU S. RILEY. 
 
 Treasurer, 
 
 LOUIS H. REHN. 
 
 City Commissioner, 
 
 EDGAR HUTTON. 
 
 Market Master, 
 
 MARTIN F. REVELL. 
 
 City Police. 
 
 ARTHUR MARTIN, Chief. 
 
 EZEKIEL A. MITCHELL, JAMES WATKINS 
 
 C. N. STINCHCOMB, JOHN R. TYDINGS. 
 
 A^'NAPOLIS VOLUNTEER FIRE DEPART- 
 MENT. 
 
 Chief Marshal— WASHINGTON D. BASIL. 
 Engineer— ROBERT BELLIS. 
 Fireman— JAMES D. JOHNSON. 
 
 Rescue Hose Company. 
 
 Assistant Marshal— PRANK MYERS. 
 
 Foreman— JOHN H. RAWLINGS. 
 
 1st Assistant Formean— J. W. ANDERSON.
 
 16 FIRE DEPART3IENT. 
 
 2nd Asst. Foreman— W. T. JEWELIi. 
 Secretary— A. C. SWEET. 
 Treasurer— T. IRVING BAKER. 
 Trustees— H. C. BASIL and J. W. WEAVER. 
 
 Independent Fire Co.mpanv, No. 2. 
 
 President— F. H. STOOKETT, .Jk. 
 
 Vice-President— P. ELWOOD PORTER. 
 
 Secretary— RICHARD H. GREEX. .Jk. 
 
 Treasurer— W. D. BASIL. 
 
 Foreman— JULIAN BREWER. 
 
 Asst. Marslial— GRAFTON 3IUNR(^E. 
 
 Watekwitch H()(jk and Ladder Co.mj'anv 
 
 Foreman— JOHN L. BEALL. 
 Asst. Foreman— A. M. PARKINGSON. 
 
 1st Mai-shal— JOHN NASON. 
 
 3nd " —JAMES CANNON. 
 Recording Secretary— JAMES BURNS. 
 
 Treasurer- THOMAS EADES. 
 Annapolis, June 15, 1887.
 
 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 The Settlement of Axxapolis. 
 
 [1008.] The Iiuliuns were the first to occupy the site of Ainuipo- 
 lis. The records of tlieir liahitiition reinahi in the occasional well- 
 shapen arrow and finely-modelled tomahawk that the furrow of the 
 farmer upturns in tlie vicinity, or the showers of heaven wasli from 
 the earth. 
 
 The white man. who first saw the fair liills of Severn, was tlie famous 
 Captain Joliu Smitli. of Vii'ginia. who. in 1608, made his celebrated 
 voyage up the Chesapeake, and, from his description of liis journev. 
 passed the montli of the Sevei'u. and continued his travels to tlie Pa- 
 tapsco. 
 
 - The settlement of Annapolis was due to events as novel as a ro- 
 mancer's imaginings. 
 
 [1648.] A Protestant governor ruled in Virginia, a Catholic pro- 
 prietary reigned in Maryland. Tliat liberality, which professors of a 
 similar faith might be reasonably expected to exhil)it to each other, was 
 sadly wanting in the Churchmen of Virginia towards their Puritan 
 brethren, and. in tlie year 1648. the authorities of Virginia, discovering 
 that the Congregational or Independent Church, formed in 1642, liad. 
 by the aid of secret meetings, notwithstanding the laws against it. 
 increased to one hundred and eighteen members, began a rigorous 
 executionof their penal statutes against the Puritans, Their conven- 
 ticle was broken up, and the members of it were scattered in different 
 •directions. 
 
 Xear the close of the year 1648, the elder of the Indejjendents, 
 Mr. Durand. took refuge in Maryland. Negotiations for a settemenr 
 of the Independents very soon began, and the persecuted Puritans 
 were offered an asylum in Maryland, provided they, wlio would hold 
 land, would take the oath of allegiance to Loi'd Baltimore, 
 
 This was the oath : 
 
 '•I do faithfully and truly acknowledge the right honorable Cecil- 
 ius, lord baron of Baltimore, to be the true and absolute lord and pro- 
 prietary of this province and country of Maryland and the islands 
 thereunto belonging, and I do swear that I will bear true faith unto 
 his lordship and to his heirs as to the true and alisolute lordsand pro- 
 prietaries of the said province and islands thereunto belonging, and 
 will not at any time by words or actions in public or in private, wit-
 
 18 ' • T H E A X C I E X T C I T Y . ' ' 
 
 tingly or willingly, to the best of ray nnderstaudiug, any -way dovo- 
 gate from, Imt will at all times as occasion shall require, to the ut- 
 most of my power defend, and maintain all such his said lordsliip's 
 and his heir's riglit. title, interest, privilege, royal jurisdiction, pre- 
 rogative; proprietary and dominion over and in tlie said province of 
 Maryland and islands thereunto belonging, and over the people who 
 ai-e and shall be therein for the time being as are granted, or men- 
 tioned to be granted to his said lordship and his heiis by the king of 
 England in his said lordship's pateuu of tlie said province imder the 
 great seal of England. I do also swear that I will, with all expedi- 
 tion, discover to his said lordship, or to his lieutenant, or other clxief 
 governor of the said province, for the time being, and also use my 
 best endeavors to prevent any plot, conspiracy, or combination, which 
 I shall know, or have cause to suspect, is. or shall be. intended against 
 the person of his lordship, or which shall tend any ways to the dishi- 
 hersion or deprivation of his said lordshii)'s or his said heir's tlieir right 
 title, royal jurisdiction, and dominion aforesaid, or any any part 
 thereof, and I do swear that I will not either by myself, or hj any 
 other person, or persons, directly or indirectly take, accept, receive, 
 purchase, or possess, any lands, tenements, or hereditaments within 
 the said province of of Maryland, or the island'^ thereunto lielonging, 
 from any Indian or Indians to any other use, or uses, but to the use 
 of his said lordship and his heirs, or knowingly from any other per- 
 son or persons not deriving a legal title thereunto by, from, or under 
 some grant from his said lordship or his said heirs legally passed, or 
 under Ms or their great seal of the said province for the time being. 
 So help me God, and by the contents of this book."* 
 
 [1(549.] A small company from Richard Bennett's plantation, at 
 Nansemond, in all about ten families, was the first to arrive on the 
 Severn. At Greenbury's Point they made a settlement — a tract of 
 two hundred and fifty acres was surveyed and divided into lots of fif- 
 teen acres, each settler receiving one lot. and Bennett securing the 
 balance. As the Puritans came to the Chesapeake they took jiosses- 
 sion of unoccupied lands, and there was quite speedily a line of planta- 
 tions exrending from Herring Bay to Magothy river, a distance of 
 twenty-five miles. 
 
 George Lynn Lachlin Da^is sjiys the town was originally intended 
 to be erected at Greenbury's Point, and bases his opinion on the fact 
 that the lots there were spoken of as tlie "Town Land at Green- 
 bury's." The events that led to the subsequent selection of the 
 present as the location of the town, have not been preserved. 
 
 Among those wiio had land surveyed in or about Annapolis at this 
 period, was Matthew Howard, whose lot was surveyed .July 3, 1050, 
 on "ye south side of Severn river." Then came these allortments : 
 For William Grouch, on Dec. 11, 1G.50, on "-ye south side of Sev- 
 ern river," for Thos. Todd, July 8, 1051. -'on' ye south side of Sev- 
 ern river. ' ' "This, ' ' says the present Roll Book, t "is part of Annapolis 
 Town, and part the Libertys begins at ye n. e. point of the town 
 and extends along the river to ye first creek to ye west and then with 
 back lines to ye beginning. ' ' Nov. 22. 1051, Locust Xeck, on the south 
 of the Severn, was surveyed for James Horner. Nov. 22, 1051 . land was 
 surveyed for Nicholas Wyat ; Nov. 15, 1651, for Richard Acton, near 
 
 * B.-'zman-s Maryland, Vf 1. 2, v. 6n9. 
 t Vol. I, p. i;5.
 
 H I S T R Y of A N X A P L I S . 19 
 
 Severn river ; Xov. 20. 1651, for Peter Porter, on the south side of Sev- 
 ern river ; Xov, 25, 1651, to Thomas Howell, on south side of Severn 
 river ; Xov. 20, 1651, for James Warner, near Severn river ; Dec. 4, 
 1658, for Thomas Gott, on south side of Severn river, (afterwards 
 escheated to the State and Iwught Ity William Bladen.) Xov. 3, 1658, 
 John Xorwood was given tlie title to tracts of land on the south side 
 of the Severn ; Aug. 27, 1659, land was surveyed for Wm. Galloway, 
 on the south side of Severn ; Xov. 2, 1659, for John Colier, on south 
 side of Severn ; Dec. 16, 1661, for Saml. Ruthers, on soutli side of 
 Severn river, near Howell's creek. 
 
 There were besides these many allottments on South river, one of 
 which on Fel). 20, 1661, was of Wardridge, "for James Warner and 
 Henry Ridgely, on tlie north side of South river, possessors of 200a., 
 Coll. Henry Ridgely, 200a., ditto for his son Henry's orphans : 200a. 
 for Charles Ridgely." Tlie tomb of a descendant of these Ridgelys 
 remains to this day on the sp.me spot, upon wliich the early Ridgelys 
 first settled. 
 
 Thomas Todd's lot is the only one of the early settlers' allottments 
 that can be recognized as part of Annapolis. The water front of his 
 lot began at a point on the harbor line and ran up to the mouth of 
 Spa creek. 
 
 The Puritans, who formed the nxieleus of this colony, wliich was 
 destined to rule the province, were with but few exceptions the sturdy 
 sons of the English yeomanry. Warrosquoyacke county, or Isle of 
 Wight, afterward called Xorfolk county, Virginia, lying on the south 
 of the James, was the centre of the Puritan district, from whence the 
 settlers of Providence came. Edward Bennett, a wealthy London 
 merchant, who had obtained in 1621, a large grant of land on the 
 Xansemoud river, south of the James, when he came to Virginia, had 
 brought with him considerable company of Puritans. Edward Ben- 
 nett was their p^itriaix'h. Rev. William Bennett, a relative, their spir- 
 itual leader, and Richard Bennett, son of Edward, became the Moses 
 of the Virginia Puritans when they made their exodus from Virginia 
 to Maryland.!. 
 
 Descended from this hardy stock of sturdiest English, indoctrinated in 
 the tenets of their austere faith, inheritors of trials and persecutions, 
 their subsequent reliellious and courageous conduct in Maryland was 
 the natural sequence of their Vilood, religion, and education. 
 
 Soon after their arrival at Pro^•idenoe, Gov. Stone urged upon the 
 
 iritans the oath of allegiance to Lord Baltimore, which he told them 
 
 f they did not take, they must have no land, nor abiding in the 
 
 ovince." 
 
 The Pui-itans peremptorily refused to take the oath of allegiance, 
 haggling especially at the expressions "royal jurisdiction" and "ab- 
 solute dominion," which latter "they exceedingly scrupled." They 
 objected to the aoth, also, because "they must swear to uphold that 
 government and those officers who were sworn to countenance and up- 
 hold anti-Christ — in plain words expressed in the officer's oath — the 
 Roman Catholic religion." 
 
 Lord Baltimore's friend, Mr. John Langford, very aptly rephed to 
 these olijectioiis that "there was nothing promised by my lord or Cap- 
 tain Stone to them, but what was performed. They were first ac- 
 
 t A Pus-itau Colony in Maryland, p. 7.
 
 20 * ' T H K A N C 1 E N T C 1 T Y . ' ' 
 
 quainted by Captain Stone before they came there with that oatli of 
 fidehty. wliich was to be taken l)y those who would have any Lmd 
 there "from his lordship ; nor had they any regret totlie oath, till they 
 were as much refreshed with their entertainment there, as the snake 
 in the fable was with the countryman's breast ; for which some of 
 them are equally thankful. But it is now, it seems, thought. ))y some 
 of these people, too much below them to take an oatli to the lord pro- 
 prietary of that province, though many Protestants, of much Ijctter 
 qiiality. liave taken it. and, (which is more than can be lioped for some 
 of these men,) kept it. As to the government there, they knew it 
 very well before they came- thither ; and, if tliey had not liked it. 
 they might have forborne coming or staying there ; for they were never 
 forced to either. The chief officers, under my lord there, are Pro- 
 testants. The jurisdiction exercised there l)y them is no other tlian 
 what is warranted by his lordsliip's patent (jf tliat province, wliicli 
 gives him the jjower and privileges of a count ])alatine there, dejjend- 
 ing on the supreme authority of England, with power to make laws 
 with the people's consent ; without wliicli powers and privileges liis 
 lordsliip would not have undertaken that i)lantation. and luive been 
 at so great a charge, and run so many liazards he hath done for it." 
 * * * "There are none there sworn to npliold anti-Christ, as Mr. 
 Strong falsely suggests : nor doth the oath of fidelity bind any man 
 to maintain any other jurisdiction or dominion of my lord's, than 
 what is granted by his patent. Tliough some of tliese people (it 
 seems) thmk it unfit that my lord should have such a jurisdiction and 
 dominion there, yet they, it seems, by their arrogant and insolent pro- 
 ceedings, tlihdi it fit for them to exercise farre moreabsolute jurisdic- 
 tion and dominion there tlian my lord Baltimore ever did ; nor arc 
 they contented ^\ith fredom for themselves of conscience, person and 
 estate, (all of which are established to them by law there and enjoyed 
 by them in as ample manner as ever any people did in any place in the 
 world.) unless they may have the lil^erty to debarr \)thers from the 
 like freedom, and that they may domineer and do what theyjilease."** 
 So obstinately did these people refuse to comjjly with tlie obliga- 
 tions they took to olitain an asylum in Maryland, they remained en- 
 tirely outside the pale of lord Baltimore'sgovenunent.andoljstructed 
 the foi-mation of a county, for a year. 
 
 ** Bozman's Marvlund, vol. 2, p 371. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 FOUMATION OF AXNE AkUXDEI. CoUNTY. 
 
 [1C50.] The Puritans of Providence by April. 1650. had recovered 
 sulRciently from their scruples of conscience to elect delegates to the 
 General Assembly, that convened at St. Mary's on the (ith of that 
 month.
 
 II I S T R Y F A N N A P L I S . 21 
 
 The Governor's return from Providence was. "By the lieutenant, 
 &c., of Maryland. The freeman of that part of this province of 
 Maryland, now called Providence, being by my appointment duly 
 summoned to tliis present assembly, did unanimously make choice of 
 Mr. Puddington and Mr. James Cox, for tlieir burgesses, I being tliere 
 in person at the time." 
 
 The reconciliation effected by Gov. Stone promised to be jierma- 
 nent. The House chose Mr. James Cox, of Providence, their speaker, 
 and the Assembly passed tlie following : — 
 
 "An Act for the erecting of Providence into a county by the name 
 of Annarundell county. 
 
 "Be it enacted by tlie Lord Proprietary, by and Aviththe assent and 
 approl)ation of the Upi)er and Lower House of this Assembly, That, 
 that part of the Province of Maryland, on the west side of tlie Bay 
 of Chessoi)eack, over against the Isle of Kent, formerly called l)y the 
 name of Providence l)y the inhabitants there residing and inhabiting 
 this yeare, sluill lienceforth be created into a shire, or county, l)y the 
 rtame of Annarundell county, and l)y that name hereafter to be ever 
 called." 
 
 It was prol)ably so called from the maiden name of Lady Balti- 
 more, then lately deceased, Lady Anne Arundel, the daughter of 
 Lord Arundel, of Wardour, wliom Cecilius, Lord Baltimore, had mar- 
 ried.* 
 
 After the adjournment of tlie General Assembly, Governor Stone, 
 in July, 1G50, visited Providence, and organized it into a county, 
 under the name of Anne Arundel. 
 
 A commission was issued by the Governor to "Mr. Edward Lloyd, 
 gentleman," ai)pointing him "to be connuander of Anne Arundel 
 county, until the Lord Pnjprietary should signify to the contrary." 
 James Homewood. Thomas Meares. Thomas Marsh, George Pudding- 
 ton. Matthew Hawkins, James Merryman, and Henry Catlyn were, 
 with Commander Lloyd, appointed commissioners of the county. 
 
 The commission of Conunander Lloyd gave him, with the approval 
 of the other commissioners, the right to issue "warrants and com- 
 missions, and for all other matters of judicature, with whom you, 
 Commander Lloyd, are to consult in all matters of importance con- 
 cei'ning your said county." 
 
 Commander Lloyd's duties, as by his commission declared, were "to 
 call and appoint courts to be kept within and for the said county ; hi 
 which courts you. the said commander, or your deputy, (being one of 
 the said commissioners,) with any three or more, of the said com- 
 missioners there present from time to time, to hold pleas, and finally 
 to determine all causes and actions whatsoever, civil, happenhig or 
 arising between any of the inhabitants of the said county, of what 
 value soever, savhig and reserving to all and every, the inhabitants 
 of said county and others, liberty of appeal from the county court to 
 the provincial court, in any civil cause or action to the value of £30 
 sterling or 3.0001b tobacco, and upwards, the party so appealing first 
 putting hi sulhcient security to the said county court to be answerable 
 for treble damages in case the order of judgment of the said county 
 court made in that cause, shall happen to be confirmed upon liearing 
 by the provincial court ; and also to hear ^and determine all matters 
 
 • Rjdgely's Annals o»h Annapolis, p. 37.
 
 22 ' ' T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . ' ' 
 
 criminal, hapiJening and committed in the said county, which may be 
 heard by justices of the peace in any coiuity in England, in their 
 courts of session, not extending to life or member, an(l further to do, 
 use, and execute all manner of jurisdiction and authority whatsoever, 
 for the conservation of the peace within the said county, as any jus- 
 tice of the peace hi England may. or ought to do, by virtue of his 
 commission for the peace ; further likewise authorizing you tlie said 
 commander, or your deputy, to elect and appoint all necessary officers 
 for the execution of justice and conservation of the peace there, with 
 allowance of such fees as are usually belonging to the same or like 
 officers in Virginia ; and to do all other things and acts, which shall 
 be necessary for the execution of the powers and jurisdiction hereby 
 committed to you."t 
 This commission was signed by Gov. Stone at Providence, July 30,1650. 
 
 The day before the above was issued, Gov. Stone had given a com- 
 mission to the Commander of Anne Arundel authorizmg him "to grant 
 warrants for land withm the said county to adventurers or i^lanters, 
 according to his lordship's conditions of plantation, whereupon such 
 land shall happen to be due to such adventurers or planters respec- 
 tively." "The warrants, together witli the particular demands or as- 
 signment upon which the same shall l)e granted, to be entered upon re- 
 cord by his lordship's secretary of the said province." 
 
 Though the political storm had calmed, all was not well in the infant 
 colony. The Indian was still a near neighbor, and though generally 
 peaceable, his savage nature had displayed itself in tiie murder of some 
 of the citizens of the new county in a most cruel and inhuman manner. 
 
 Tliese murderers were supposed to be Susquehannocks, a powerful 
 and war like tribe, who inhabited all that section which extends from 
 the Patuxent to the Susquehanna river on the Western Shore, and all 
 that part that lies between the Choptank and Susquehanna rivers on 
 the Eastern side of the bay. 
 
 To punish the murderers and their abettors, the General Assembly 
 of lOoO, enacted that "Whereas, certain Indians these last year have 
 most wickedly antl barl)erously murtJiered an Engli.4i inhabitant of 
 the county of Kent and other mhaljitants likewise since, in Anne 
 Arundel county. Be it therefore ordered, that the Governor, with 
 the advice of the council, or the major part of them, shall have power, 
 in case such Indians, who have committed such barberous and wicked 
 murders, shall not be sent in. after demand made of them, to the 
 government here to receive such punishment as is due f(n- such o/fenee, 
 to press men, and to appoint such allowance for their pay. and to 
 make war upon the nations of Indians refusing to deliver up those of- 
 fenders as aforesaid, as in in his and their best discretion, shall l)e 
 thought fit ; the charge of whicli was to be laid by an equal assess- 
 ment on the persons and estates of all the inhabitants'of this province." 
 
 Xo account has come down to us of the result of these preparations, 
 although the silence of our records raises the presumption that the 
 traditional peace of the colony with the Indiiuis was also unbroken in 
 this case. 
 
 Meanwhile, with the usual activity of Englishmen, the colony 
 carried on a brisk trade with those Indians whose peaceable methodc 
 led them in the avenues of Ixirter and exchange. 
 
 t Bozniiin's JVlarvljiHd. vol. 2, p 40S. 
 
 t !"0Z!iiair.< Maryland, vol. 2, p. 409.
 
 H- 1 S T R Y O F A N X A P L I S . 2o 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 TiiK PriiiTAXs Keftse to 8exi) Delegates to the 
 IjEGiseateek of 1()-j1. 
 
 Tlif PuritiUis who settled ut Ainiiiiwlis. were a restless set with 
 itciiini;' ears, wlio seemed never so satisfied as when they were in 0])en 
 <3p])osition to tlie jiowers that were. 
 
 Tiie Genei-al Assembly ot 1050 liad modified the oath of alleiriance 
 to Lurd Baltimore, eai-efidly ex)niiigine: tlie objectionable phrases 
 ••absolute lord"' and •"royal jurisdiction." In their place was insei'ted 
 '•that they would defend and maintain all such his lordship's j;i stand 
 lawful right, title, interest, j^rivileges. jurisdictions, prerogatives, 
 propriety, and doniiuion over and in the said province, &c., not any 
 wise understood to infringe or ])rejudice liberty of conscience in })oint 
 •of religion." 
 
 , This, for a time, tranquilized tlie settlers at Providence, but the 
 next year, 1051, when they were called upon to send delegates to the 
 General Assembly, they peremptorily refused. 
 
 The reason for this refusal has not been preserved, but it is 
 generally thought it was because the Puritans believed that the pro- 
 prietary government would be overthrown by Cromwell, who was 
 steadily advancing to power. 
 
 Lord Baltimore heard of the conduct of the Puritans with just in- 
 dignation. Under date of August 20. 1051, he wrote to "William 
 Stone, Es(^., his lieutenant of his said ju'ovince of Maryland, and to 
 his right trusty and well-beloved, the Upper and Lower Houses of his 
 General Assembly there, and to all other his officers and inhabitants 
 of hisiirovince." expressing his ••wonder at a message which he under- 
 stood was lately sent l>y one Mr. Lloyd, from some lately seated at Anne 
 Arundel within his said province of Maryland to his General Assembly, 
 held at St. Mary's in March last, and his unwillingness to impute 
 either to the author or deliverer thereof so malign a sense of ingrati- 
 tude and other ill-affections as it may seem to bear; conceiving ra- 
 ther, that it proceeded from some apprehensions in them at the time, 
 grounded upon some reports in these parts of a dissolution or resigna- 
 tion here, (in England) of his patent and right to that province." 
 After declaring these rumors to be false and. referring the Puritans 
 to Mr. Harrison, their former pastor. Avho was then in England, for 
 the truth of his assertions. Lord Baltimore added, '•in consideration 
 of a better compliance from these people with his government there 
 for the future, he should not any further expostulate, or make any 
 further reflection on that message, till further occasion given him by 
 them, and if such admonition did not prevail, then that he would make 
 use of his authority, with the assistance of well-aft'ected persons, to 
 compel such factious and turljident spirits to a better compliance with 
 the lawful government there." He accordingly willed and required 
 "his lieutenant to proceed with all such as shall lie for the future re- 
 factory on that kind ; and in case any of the English inhal)itants of 
 that province sliould at any time hereafter refuse or neglect to send 
 burgesses to our General Assembly there, Viehig lawfully suinmoned 
 tor that purpose, he wills and requires all the nienibers of the said 
 Assembly, which shall lawfully meet upon such summons to proceed,
 
 24 ' ' T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . ' ' 
 
 as they ought, as they may lawfully do. in all liusiuess Ix'loiigiug to 
 the General Assembly there, notwithstaiulmg any such refusiil, or 
 neglect as aforesaid, and to fine all such refusers or neglectors accord- 
 ing to their demerits ; and moreover, in case of their persistency in 
 such refusal or neglect, then, that they be declared enemies to the 
 pxiblic peace of the province, and rebels to the lawful government 
 thereof, and be proceeded against accordingly."'*" 
 
 The conduct of these Puritans was especially ungrateful, since, re- 
 ceived by Lord Baltimore when professors of the Protestant relig- 
 ion had refused themdomicil, their asylum in Maryland had cost Lord 
 Baltimore the enmity of Charles II, then in exile ui)on the continent. 
 So great was the displeasure of the young king, that Ijord Balti- 
 more had given the Puritans a settlement in Maryland, that he, the 
 natural friend of the proprietary, in spite of Lord Baltimore's un- 
 doubted right to name his lieuteiumt hi the province, ajjpointed Sir 
 William Davenant, Governor of Maryland, alleging in the couunissiou 
 that Daveuiint was so appointed "because the Lord Baltimore ilid 
 visibly adhere to the rebels hi England, and admitted all kinds of sec- 
 taries and schismatics, and ill-affected persons in that province. "'f 
 
 * Hozmun's Maryland, vol. 2, |). ^lli. 
 + ha me ji. 410. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 The Animosities OF theOt>d Wowld Tr.ANsi'i, anted 
 IN THE New. 
 
 [1G49.] In 1049, when Charles I was executed, Thomas Greene, 
 who was acting Governor during the absence of Governor Stone, 
 caused the Prince of Wales to be proclaimed in Maryland as the "un- 
 doubted, rightful heir to all his father's dominions," This j)roclama- 
 tion was issued on the loth of November, and on the sixme day an- 
 other was published "to further the common rejoicing of the inhabi- 
 tants upon that occasion," declaring a general pardon to all the in- 
 hcibitants of the province, who had committed any criminal offence.* 
 
 This proclamation and the general rejoicing were not in consonance 
 with the sentiments of the Puritan adventurers on the banks of the 
 Severn, and this latent feeling was exhil)ited in their refusal to send 
 delegates to the General AssemV)ly, and. a little later, a more forcible 
 proof of their political animosities was given. 
 
 The cause of the coinmonwealth triumphant in England. Cromwell 
 turned his attention to the American plantations, and commissioners 
 were sent out to take possession of all that were unfavorable to the 
 Protector. Maryland was not named in the ^^ct of Pai-liament. Vtut 
 Lord Baltimore's enemies contrived to have that colony mentioned in 
 the instructions to the commissioners. 
 
 * Kidegly's Annal< of AunHpoli>', r. f!5.
 
 History of Annapolis. 25 
 
 Richard Beuiu'tt and the notorious William Olaiboriie. who luid 
 given so much troulile to the infant colony ot Maryland, were two of 
 the commissioners. 
 
 [1652.] In March. 1()52. at tlie head of an armed force, the com- 
 missioners entered Maryland. They proposed to Grovernor Stone and 
 tlie council of th(> province, •'tiiat they should all remain in their 
 places, confoi-ming- tiiemselves to tlie laws of the commonwealth of 
 England in point of government only, and not infringing the Lord 
 Haltinioie's just rights." Clovernor Stone and tlie balance of Lord 
 ?>altimore's officers of government '"declared that they did in all hu- 
 mility submit themselves to the government of the commonwealtli of 
 England, hi chiefe under God." 
 
 Prom the proposition, liowever. to issue writs in the name of the 
 commonwealtli instead of Lord Baltimore. Gov. Stone and his coun- 
 sellors "desired to be excused, because they did conceive tlie parliament 
 intended not to divest the Lord Baltimore of his right in las province, 
 and that they understood out of England, that the Council of State 
 intended not. that any alteration should be made hi Maryland; that 
 the King's name was never used heretofore in said writs, but that they 
 had always been in the name of the lord proprietary, according to the 
 privileges of his patent ever since the beginning of that plantation^" 
 
 ■•Whereupon." says Mr. John Langford. "the said commissioners 
 liemanded of Captain Stone the Lord Baltimore commission to him; 
 which he showed them ; and, then without.any other cause at all. they 
 detained it. and removed him and his lordship's other officers out of 
 their enii)loynient in the province under him. and appointed others to 
 manage the government of iNlaryland. indejiendent of his lordship." 
 
 Bennett and Claiborne ordered "that all writs, warrants, ami jirocess 
 whatsoever, be issued forth in the name of the keepers of the liberty 
 of England ; and that they be signed under the hand of one or more 
 of the council liereafter named, viz : — Robert Brooke. Esq.. Col. 
 Francis Yardley, j\Ir. Job Chandler. Captain Edward Windham, Mr. 
 Richard Preston, and Lieutenant Richard Banks." 
 
 The new council, or any two or more of its members, was empow- 
 ered to hold courts, and to direct and govern the affairs of the province. 
 
 Thus the disaster, that Ijord Baltimore, by his personal intercession 
 with i)arlianieiit. had l)een able to ward off in the legislative branch, 
 was consummated by his enemies through the executive power of the 
 Council of State. 
 
 ^Maryland reduced to subjection, the commissioners returned to 
 Virginia, where Bennett was made Governor, and Claiborne, Secre- 
 tary of State. 
 
 Handsomely provided for in Virginia, the commissioners visited Mary- 
 land to rivet more firmly their hold upon it. Discovering that Gov- 
 ernor Stone was exceedingly popular with the people, as well as affable 
 to the commissioners. Bennett and Claiborne resolved to make him 
 Governor once more. Li order to justify their actions in ousting him 
 at their previous visit, they declared, in their proclamation restoring 
 Governor Stone to his office, and Mr. Hatton as Secretary of State, 
 that these were left out of office "upon some misapprehension or mis- 
 understanding, as they alleged, in that particular of issuing out writs 
 and all other process whatever, in the name of the liberties of Eng- 
 land by authority of parliament," that Captain Stone was "contented
 
 26 ' ' T H E A x c I E XT C I T V . ■ ' 
 
 to reassuDie his former pUiL-e." oil coaditiou that ht- might "reserve 
 and save to liimself. as also to the aforesaid Mr. Thomas Hattoii, 
 Robert Brooke, Esq.. and Ca])taiii John Priee. their oaths made to the 
 Lord Baltimore, lord pro])rielor of this i>rovinee. until the pleasiuv ot 
 the State of England be further known. '"t 
 
 The proclamiition liore date of June 28th. I'i-'O. 
 
 t IS.znv.in's .M:,r\lana, V..I. 2, |>. 4i:. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Providence Sends a Petition to TiiECoMMi»!nM.:i;> 
 
 OF THE C()M:\H'NWEAI/rH. 
 
 [IG.Jo.] Whilst Maryland was made a shuttle-cock in the hands ol 
 opposing forces, the Puritans of Severn addressed a ]>etition — 
 
 '•To Honorable. Richard Bennett and Col. William Claiborne. 
 Esqrs., Commissioners of the Connnonweaith of England for Virginia 
 and Maryland. ■■ It was styled: "The Humble Petition of the Com- 
 missioners and Inhabitants of Severne, alias Ann Arundel county. 
 sheweth." It read: '"That whereas, we were invited and encouraged 
 by Captain Stone, tlie Lord Baltimore's Governor of Maryland, ti> 
 remove ourselves and estates into Ins province, with projuiseoi enjoy- 
 ing the liberty of consciences in matter of religioii. and all other 
 privileges of English subjects. And your petitioners did u|)on this 
 ground, witii great cost, labor, and danger, remove ourselves, and 
 have been at great charges in building and clearing: Now the Lord 
 Baltimore imposeth an oath upon us by proclamation, which lie re- 
 quireth his Lieutenant forthwith to publish; wliich. if we do not take 
 within three months after publication, all our lands are to be seized 
 for his lordship's use. This oath we conceive not agreeable to the 
 terms on which we came hither, nor to the liljerty of our consciences 
 as Christians and free subjects of the Connnonweaith of England: 
 Neither can we be persuaded in our consciences by any light of God. 
 or engagement upon us, to such an oath; but rather humbly conceive 
 it to be a very real grievance and such an oppression as we are not 
 able to bear; neither do we see by what lawful power such an oath, 
 with such extreme penalties can by his Lordship be exacted of us who 
 are free subjects of the Commonwealth of England, and have taken 
 the Engagement to them. We have complairicd of this grievance to 
 the late Honorable Councel of State, in a })etition subscribed by us, 
 which never received an answer, such as might clear the lawfulness 
 of such, his proceedings with us, but au aspersion cast upon us of 
 being factious fellows ; neither have we received any conviction of our 
 error in not taking the said oath, nor cruer by that power, before 
 wiicn. our petition is still dependiu^;, to take it hereafter; neither can 
 ve believe that the Couimonwealcn. of England will ever expose us to 
 such a numifest and real bondage (who assert themselves, the main-
 
 History ofAnnapolis. 27 
 
 taiiiers of the lawful liberties of the subject.) as to make iis swear 
 absolute subjection to a Government, where the Ministers of State are 
 bound by oath to countenance and defend the Roman Popish Religion. 
 which we api^rehend to be contrary to the Fundamental Law of Eng- 
 land, the covenant taken in the three Kingdoms, and the conscience 
 of true English, subjects and doth carry on an arbitrary power, so as 
 whatever is done Ijy the people at great costs in assemblies, for the 
 good of the people, is liable to be made null by the negative voice of 
 his Lordship. But affirmative propositions and commands are in- 
 cessantly urged, and must not be denied. 
 
 "In Consideration, whereof, we humbly tender our Condition and 
 Distraction, upon this occasion, falling upon the hearts of the people, 
 ■to your view and consideration, iutreating your honors to relieve us 
 according to tlie Cause and Power wherewith you are entrusted by the 
 Commonwealth of England. We rather, because upon such an exi- 
 gent at this, we have none to flie to but yourselves, the Honorable 
 Connnissioners of the Commonwealth of England: not douV)ting but 
 God will direct you into what his mind and will is in this matter con- 
 cerning us. and that yuu will faithfully apply yourselves to our redress 
 in what is just and our lawful liberty, which is the prayer of your 
 j)oor jietitiouers. Severn River, the 3d of January. 16o3."* 
 
 This petition was signed by Edward Lloyd and seventy-seven 
 others of the housekeepers, freemen, and inhabitants of Severn. 
 
 The })e(>ple of nortli Patuxeut sent a similar petition under date of 
 Mareli 1st. \(i~)'^>. This was signed by Richard Preston and sixty 
 othei's. On ]\[arch 13, IGoo, Bennett and Clarborne returned an en- 
 couraging answer to the [)etitions from Severn and Patuxent, in 
 which reply they counselled that the settlers "continue in your due 
 ol)e(lience to the" Commonwealth of England, in such manner as you. 
 and they, were then ajipointed and engaged; and not to be drawn 
 aside from tlie same upon any pretence of such uncertain relations as 
 we hear are di\-ulged among you. To which we expect your real con- 
 formity, as you will answer the contrary: notwithstanding any 
 I)retence of power from Lord Baltimore's Agents, orauy other whatso- 
 ever to the contrary." 
 
 * Pawe'H Ti!ici>. vol. 2, ch. ix. p. JS. 
 
 CHAPTER VL 
 
 Gov. Stoxe Proclaims THE Puritans to be Rebels. 
 
 [1G54.] Information of Cromwell's elevation to the protectorate 
 having been received Governor Stone proclaimed him protector on 
 the 6th of June, 1654. The same year, on the 4th of July, Governor 
 Stone, in public proclamation, charged the commissioners, Bennett 
 and Ckiborne, and the whole Puritan party, mostly of Anne Arundel, 
 with "drawing away the people, and leading them into faction, sedi- 
 tion, and rebellion against the Lord Baltimore."
 
 28 ' • T II E A N C I E N T C I T Y . ' ' 
 
 Tliis proclaniatiou is not now extant, but Mr. Leonard Stronfr, a 
 Puritan writer and a leading citizen of Providence, contemporaneous 
 with tlie document, say.s that the paper called "that which was done 
 by commission from the Council of State in England, rebellion against 
 the Lord Baltimore; and those, that were actors in it, factious and 
 seditious persons, which was done by a proclamation full of railing 
 terms, published at Providence in the church meeting."* 
 
 Bennett and Claiborne promptly returned to Maryland. Eleven 
 days from the date of Gov. Stone's proclamation. ' "they applied tliem- 
 selves to Captain William Stone, t the Governor, and Council of Mary- 
 land," "in a peaceable and loving way to persuade them into their 
 due and promised obedience to the commonwealth of England." 'J 
 
 The commissioners, in their published statement of the occurrence, 
 declared that Governor and Council, "returning only opprobious and 
 uncivil language, presently mustered his wliole power of men and sol- 
 diers ill arms, intending to surprise the said commissioners, and (as 
 could be imagined) to destroy all those that liad refused the said 
 unlawful oath, and Only kept themselves in their due obedience to the 
 commonwealth of England under which they were reduced and set- 
 tled by the parliament's authority and commission. Then the said 
 commissioners, in quiet and peaceable manner, with some of the people 
 of Patuxent and Severn went over the river of Patuxent, and there at 
 length received a message from the said captain Stone, that the next 
 lay he would meet and treat in the woods; and thereupon being in 
 some fear of a party come from Virginia, he condescended to lay down 
 his power, lately assumed from the lord Baltimore and to submit, (as 
 he had once before done) to such government as the commissioners- 
 should appoint under his highness the lord protector." 
 
 * Bozman's M my land, vol. •_', p. .'.Ol. 
 t.^tatemeiit ol the Cointni^sioner^. 
 Jlieonard Strotifr. 
 
 CHAPTER VIL 
 
 An Indian Treaty Made on the Severn. 
 
 [lGo2.] The dissensions of the Maryland colonists did not prevent 
 them from looking to the peace of State with the Indijins. 
 
 The Governor and Council, sitting as a court, on the 38th of June, 
 1652, Win. Stone, Governor, Thomas Hatton, Secretary, and Robert 
 Brooke, Col. Francis Yardley. Jol) Chandler, and Richard Preston, 
 members, bemg present, passed the following : 
 
 "Whereas, this court is informed, that the Susquehanna Indians 
 have a long time desired, and much pressed for the conclusion of a 
 peace with the government and inhabitants of this province, which as 
 is now conceived, may tend very much to the safety and advantage 
 of the mhabitants here, if advisedly effected : It is, therefore, ordered,.
 
 H I S T R Y O F A X N A P L I S . 29 
 
 iiud the court doth hereby give full power and authority unto Richard 
 Bennett, Esq., Mr. Edward Lloyd, Captain "Williara Fuller, Mr. 
 Thomas Marsh and Mr. Leonard Strong, or and three or more of them 
 whereof tlie said Richard Bennett, Esqr., to be one. at such time and 
 place as they may think convenient, to consult and treat with tlie said 
 Susquehainia Indians, and l)y the use of all lawful and fitting means, 
 (if they can,) to conclude a league and peace, on the behalf of this 
 government and the inhabitants tliereof. with the said Susquehanna 
 Indians, so as the peace, safety, and advantage of the inhabitants 
 here may be, (so far as in them lies,) thereby advanced, settled, and 
 preserved." 
 
 All of tlie ])ersons named as connnissioners were, with the exception 
 of Richard Bennett, inliabitants of Providence.® .The commissioners 
 proceeded at once to their work. On the fifth of July following, a 
 treaty of peace was concluded with the Sus(|ueliannas, "at the River 
 of Severn, in the Province of Maryland." 
 
 It is not difficult to picture the canoe of the formidable Susquehan- 
 na?, decked with feathers and paint, armed witli bow and tomahawk, 
 dashing with daring skillfulness from Greenljury's to Sycamore point, 
 and thence to Windmill, and out again to theohlng, and fading in thw 
 dim sunset up the Chesapeake before the steady gaze of thesturdv 
 Puritans, nor the ripple of excitement that moved the little settle- 
 ment when these formidable saA'ages appeared in its midst. 
 
 The following is an exact copy of the treaty made on the Severii. 
 and the quaint style of expression and homely phrases cast a ruddy 
 glare of information upon the environs of the early inhabitants 
 .of the capital : 
 
 '"Articles of peace and friendship treated and agreed upon the .5tli 
 day of July, 1653, between the English nation in the province of 
 Maryland on the one party, and the Indian nation of Sasquesahanogh 
 ■on tiie other parties, as foUoweth : 
 
 "Istly. That the English nation shall have, hould, and enjoy to 
 them, their heires, and assigns for ever, all the land lying fi-om Pa- 
 tuxent river unto Palmer's island on the western side of the bay of 
 Chesapeake, and from Choptank river to the northeast branch, whicli 
 lyes to the northward of Elke river on the eastern side of the said bay. 
 
 with all the islands, rivers, creeks, f fish, fowl, dear, elk, aiid 
 
 whatsoever else to the same belonging, excepting the isle of Kent and 
 Palmer's island, which belong to Captain Claiborne. But, neverthe- 
 less, it shall be lawful for the aforesaid English or Indians to build a 
 house or fort for trade or any such like use or occasion at any tyme. 
 upon Palmer's island. 
 
 "2dly. That if any damage or injury be done on either side at any 
 tyme hereafter, either by the English or Indians aforesaid, or by any 
 other allies, confederates, tributaries, or servants, that reparation be 
 made and satisfaction given from each other from tyme to tyme as the 
 case requires, and as in reason should be done between those that are 
 friends, and that desire soe to continue. 
 
 "3dly. That if any the people or servants belonging to the Eng- 
 lish or to the Indians shall goe away or run away from either side, they 
 shall not be concealed, or kept away from each other. But shall, with all 
 * Now Annapolis. 
 T A word not lesible in the record.
 
 30 ' ' T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . ' ' 
 
 conveuieut speede, be returned back, and brought home. And satis- 
 faction to be made in a reasonable way for transportation by land or 
 water to those that bring them in. 
 
 •'4thly. That, upon any occasion of business to the Englisli, or any 
 message or the Uke, the Indians shall come by water and not by land,- 
 That there shall not be above eight or ten at the most at one tyme. 
 And that they bring with them the token given them by tlie English 
 for that purpose, by which they may be known and entertiiined, As 
 also that the English on their partes, when they send to the Indians 
 the messenger shall carry the token wliich wee have received from them. 
 
 "othly. And lastly, these articles and every particular of them 
 shall be really and invioably observed, kept, and performed liy thetwo 
 nations, before named, and by all the people belonging to tlicm, or 
 that are in amity with them, for ever to the end of the world. And 
 that all former injuries being buried, and forgotten from licncofor- 
 ward, they doe promise and agree to walke together and carry one 
 towards another in all things as friends, and to assist one another ac- 
 cordingly. But if it so happen at any tyme hereafter that cither party 
 is weary of the peace, and intends war, then that the same shall be 
 signified and mode knowne each to otlier by sending in, and deliver- 
 ing up his writing before any Act of hostility or enmity l)e done or at- 
 tempted, and that twenty days warning thereof be given beforehand. 
 
 "Tliese several articles were solemnly and mutually debated and con- 
 cluded at the river of Severne, in the province of Maryland, by Richard 
 Bennett, Esquire, Mr. Edward Lloyde, Capn. William Fuller, Mr. 
 Thomas Marsh, and Mr. Leonard Strong, commissioners, authorized 
 and appointed by the governor and councell of the aforesaid province. 
 And by Sawahegeh, treasurer, Auroghtaregh, Scarhuhadigh, Ruth- 
 chogah, and Nathheldianeh, warr captaines and councillois of Sas- 
 quehanogh, commissionors, appointed and sent for that purpose by the 
 nation and state of Sasquehanogh. An were fully ratified, done, and 
 confirmed by several presents, gifts, and tokens of friendship mutually 
 given, received, and accepted on both sides. In witness whereof the- 
 aforesaid commissioners, in behalf of the aforesaid nation have here- 
 unto sett their hands and seales the day and the veare above written. 
 
 "Ri. Bennett— Edw. Lloyd— Thos. Marsh— Will. Puller,— Leo.. 
 Strong. Locus 
 
 The mark of t^ X 
 
 Sawahegeh Sigilli . 
 
 The marlv of <! 
 
 Aureghtaregh." 
 
 The mark of F Ruthchogah. 
 
 V 
 The mark of | 
 
 A Scarhuhadigh. 
 
 The mark of WW Nathheldianeh. 
 
 Locus 
 William Lawson, X 
 
 Sigilli. 
 Jafer Peter — for the Sweades's Governors Witness. "t 
 
 t Council Procee'ling>, Lib. H. H., p. 02.
 
 HiSTORYOF Annapolis. 31 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 Preparations for War. 
 
 [l(5-)4.] Frequent and violent changes in the government of the- 
 jirovinee had tlieir legitimate sequence. 
 
 On the last reducement of the Maryland government by Bennett and 
 Claiborne, July 15, 1054, they had appointed. Cajitain William Fuller, 
 Mr. Richard Preston, Mr. William Durand, Mr. Edward Lloyd, Cap- 
 tain .John Smith. Mr. Leonard Strong, Jolm Lawson, 3Ir. .John Hatch, 
 Mr. Richard Wells, and Mr. Richard Ewen. or any four of them, 
 whereof Captain William Fuller, 3Ir. Richard Preston, or Mr. Wil- 
 liam Durand, to be always one, to be commissioners for the well- 
 ordering, directing, and governing the affairs of Maryland, under his 
 liiglmess, the lord protector of England, Scotland, Ireland, and the 
 dominions thereof , and in his name only, and no other." The com- 
 mission gave authority to hold courts, to summon an assembly, and 
 proliil)ited Roman Catholics from voting. 
 
 The names in, and spirit of, the commission, bear evidence tliat the 
 majority of tlie commissioners were Puritans of Prondence and its 
 adjacent settlements. 
 
 Captain Fuller and his associates summoned a Legislature, and it 
 began its sessions at Patuxent, October 30th, 1654, the assembly sit- 
 ting as one house. The most remarkalile law of this Legislature was 
 the one that "enacted and declared that none who profess and exercise 
 the Popish (commonly called the Roman Catholic) religion can be 
 l)rotected in this province by the laws of England formerly established 
 and yet unrepealed I " ' 
 
 Never had the fable of the camel who asked to pitt his nose in the 
 Arab's tent and who finally turned the owner out, been more com- 
 pletely realized than it was with the Puritans and Catholics of 3Iary- 
 land. Stringent laws were passed by the same assembly against 
 drunkenness, swearing, false reports, slandering, and tale bearing, 
 violations of the Sabbath, and acts of adultery and fornication. 
 
 An act was also passed changing the name of Anne Arundel county 
 to the County of Providence, and prescribing the bounds thereof to be 
 Herring-Creek, including all the plantations and lands unto the 
 bounds of Patuxent county, (supposed to be the present Calvert,) that 
 is. to a creek called "Mr. Marshe's Creek, otherwise called Oyster- 
 Creek." 
 
 [11)55.] All was peace in the province until January, 1655, when 
 the ship G(jl(len Fortune, Caiit. Tilman, arrived in Maryland. On it 
 came a gentleman named Eltonhead, who brought the information, 
 ■"that the lord Baltimore kept his patent and that his highness, (the 
 lord protector, ) had neither taken the lord Baltimore's patent from 
 him, nor his land." 
 
 By the same ship, it appears, came a letter from lord Baltimore up-- 
 braiding Gov. Stone for '"resigning up his government unto the hands 
 of the lord protector and commonwealth of England, without striking 
 one stroke." 
 
 Gov. Stone needed no more encouragement to act. He re-assiimed 
 f.he duties of Governor under his former commission, and determined.
 
 32 ' ' T H E A N C I E N T C' I T V . ' ' 
 
 to make a manlv strugirle to obtain possession of the government of the 
 province. He proeeei:led immediately to issue military connnissions 
 to officers, and to organize an armed "force in the b)yal cijunty of Sr. 
 Mary's. 
 
 Which of the two sides. Lord Baltimore's or the Commissioners". 
 Cromwell sustained isdiflficult to tell, in view of two letters on the sub- 
 ject one written January 12th. lOoo. and the otlier September 2f;tli. 
 which are palpable contradictions of each other. 
 
 But this conflict of rights had gone so far. war. and not words, 
 could only decide it. 
 
 The overt act was connnitted by Gov. Stone, who despatched 
 Mr. John Hammond to recover the" records of the province and 
 to seize a magazine of arms and anuuunition. gathered at 
 Mr. Richard Preston's house at Patuxent. and belonging to the 
 Puritans. 
 
 Mr. Hammond says : "I went UMarined amongst the Sons of 
 Thunder, only three or four to row me. and despite all their 
 braves of raising the country, calling in his servants to appre- 
 hend me, threatened me witli the severity of their new made 
 law. myself alone seized, and carried away the Records in de- 
 fiance." 
 
 The Puritan account of tliese proceedings isipiaint. Mr. Leonanl 
 Strong wrote : "Then (that is on tlie arrival of the news by tlie (rol- 
 den Fortuns.) the Lord Baltimoi-e's oiticers. and the jwpish party be- 
 gan to divulge abroad, and lioast mucli of power, wliicli came in that 
 shi]) from his higlniess, the lord protector, to confirm tlu; Lord Balti- 
 more's patent to liim. and to re-establish his ollicers in their f(n'mer 
 l>laces under him ; which pretended power tliey assumed to themselves ; 
 Captain Stone and the rest giving out threatening speeches. That 
 now the rebels at Patuxent and Severne should know that he was 
 governor again ; giving order. That neither Act of the said Assembly 
 should be observed, nor writ from the power eslablislied by the com- 
 missioners aforesaid obeyed," — (to wit. writs in tlie juime of Captain 
 Fuller and others, to whom Bennett and Clailiorne had committed the 
 powers of government, as l)eiore cited.) "but wliat should issue forth 
 in the name of the lord proi)rietary, viz., lord Baltimore. And further, 
 the said Captain Stone gave several commissions to the papists and 
 other desperate and bloody fellows, to muster and raise men in arms 
 to be ready upon all occassions, giving out that he would go to Pa- 
 tuxent, and seize the records of the province at the place where 
 they were appointed to be kept by an Act of the Assembly, and 
 to apprehend Mr. Richard Preston also, at whose house they 
 were : which shortly was eifected by virtue of a warrant in Captain 
 Stone's name, without proclaiming, or shewing and jtower bv which 
 he acted such liigh robbers, But in threatening si)eeches declared, 
 that they would have the government ; and for the terror of others, 
 would hang some of the Commissioners, which were entrusted with 
 the ^government by the conunissioners of the connnmonwealth 
 of England, under his highness, the lord protector, namelv. Cap- 
 tain Williiim Fuller, Mr. Richard Preston, and Mr. William Pu- 
 raud."
 
 H I S T R Y O F A N X A P L I S . 33 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 The Battle of the Seveen. 
 
 [1655.] • About the 30th of March, 1055, Gov. Stone started from 
 St. Mary's to briua: the unruly Puritans of Providence into subjection 
 to Lord Baltimore's government. The forces of the Governor con- 
 sisted of 130 men. Part of these marched by land up the southern 
 peninsula, and were fei-ried across the mouths of rivers and creeks in 
 eleven or twelve small boats which the Governor had pressed into his 
 service. 
 
 Advised of the advance of Gov. Stone's forces, the Puritans sent 
 messengers to meet the Governor, whom they found near Herring 
 Bay,* in Anne Arundel. 
 
 Roger Heameans who took part in the engagement that followed, 
 says: 
 
 "A message having been sent to demand his power and the ground 
 of such his proceedings. 
 
 "The second message to him being such low terms, that those that 
 sent it were grieved at their hearts that ever it went out of their 
 hands; which was as foUoweth : 
 
 '"For Captain William Stone, Esq.: 
 
 "Sir : — The people of these parts have met together, and considered 
 the present transactions on your part, and have not a little marvelled 
 that no other answer of the last message hath been made, than what 
 tendred rather to make men desperate than conformable; yet being 
 desirous of peace, do once again present to your serious consideration 
 these ensuing proposals, as the mind of the people : 
 
 "1. If you will govern us so as we may enjoy the liberty of Eng- 
 glish subjects. 
 
 "3. And that we be, and remain indempnified in respect of our 
 engagement, and all former acts relating to the reducement and 
 government. 
 
 "3. That those who are minded to depart the province, may freely 
 do it without any prejudice to themselves or estate; we are content to 
 own yourseK as governor, and submit to your government. If not, 
 we are resolved to commit oui'selves into the hands of God, and rather 
 die like men, than be made slaves. 
 
 Will. Durand, Secretary. 
 
 "But no answer to this was returned, birt the same paper in scorn 
 sent back again." 
 
 These pacific offers were carried by six men in a boat. The pro- 
 posals of peace were not only rejected, but the messengers were seized 
 as captives of war. Three of them, however, contrived to escape, and 
 took back to Providence the story of their treatment, and the intentions 
 of Captain Stone upon the settlement. 
 
 On the rejection of their offer of peace, the Puritans prepared to 
 put in execution their resolve "to die like men, rather than be made 
 slaves." 
 
 Gov. Stone, in the meanwhile, behaved himself in a fustian style 
 at Herring Bay, seizing one of the commissioners of State, and forcing 
 
 * Tneu (!:illeii .le.iins Creek. 
 3
 
 34 " T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . ' ' 
 
 "another of quality to fly for his life, having threatened to hang him 
 up to his own door; and not finding the man. affrighted his wife, and 
 I^lundered the house of ammunition and provision, threatening still 
 what they would do to the people at Providence, and that tliey would 
 force the rebellious, factious Roundheads to submit, and tlien they 
 would show their power."* 
 
 Gov. Stone, moving nearer to Annapolis, sent forward Dr. Luke 
 Barber with a proclaniation which is not extant. Dr. Barber, hi de- 
 scribing his en voyage to Cromwell, s-xys that '"in the end of this de- 
 claration, the governor did i^rotest, as in the presence of Almighty 
 God, that he came not in a hostile way to do them any hurt, but 
 sought by all means possible, to reclaim them by faire meaiies; and to 
 my knowledge at the sending out of parties, (as occasion sei'ved.) he 
 gave strict command, tliat if they met any of the Ann Arundel men, 
 they should not fire the first gun, nor upon paine of death plunder 
 any. These were his actings to my knowledge upon the march." 
 
 Whilst these messages were passing between the opposing forces, the 
 men of St. Mary's were rapidly closing the gap between them and 
 Pi'ovidence. 
 
 Dr. Barber and his companion, Mr. Coursey, were permitted to read 
 the document they brouglit from Gov. Stone, "but having no other 
 treaty to offer, they were quietly dismissed to their own company," 
 to wliom it seems they did not return. Mr. Packer, from Gov. Stone, 
 the next day followed Dr. Barber. After Mr. Packer, came Mr. Cour- 
 sey, presurilably on the same errand. None of them returned to Gov. 
 Stone, who, left in ignorance as to the intentions of the Puritans, 
 pushed on to the Severn, at the mouth of which, on the 24th of March 
 he arrived "about the shutting of the eve," "with eleven or twelve 
 vessels, greater and lesser, in which their whole army was wafted. "f 
 
 On the appearance of Gov. Stone and lus fleet at the mouth of the 
 Severn, Capt. Fuller, the commander of tlie Puritans, called his 
 councillors together, and sent liis secretary, Mr. William Durand, and 
 another of his councillors, on board the merchant ship. Golden Lyon, 
 Roger Heamans, captain, then lying in the hai'bor. There they made 
 a requisition upon the captain for the services of himself, his ship, 
 and his crew, in defence of the to^vn. Durand, at the same time, 
 posted on the mainmast a proclamation by which Heamans "was re- 
 quired, in the name of the Lord Protector and commonwealtli of 
 England, and for the maintenance of the just liberties, lives, and 
 estates of the free subjects thereof, against an unjust power, to be 
 aiding and assisting in this service." Heamans manifested a real 
 or fictitious unwilhngness to take part in the engagonent, but says, 
 ' 'after seeing the equity of the cause, and the gi'oundless proceedings of 
 the enemy, he offered himself, ship, and men, for that service, to be 
 directed by the said councillors." Dr. Barber, a partisan of Gov. 
 Stone says, Heamans was hired by the Puritans to take the part he 
 afterward played. 
 
 Heamans relates that, on seeing the "company of sloops and boats 
 making towards the ship, the council on board, and the ship's com- 
 pany, would have made shot at them, but this relator commanded 
 1 hem to forbear, and went himself upon the poop iii the stern of the 
 ship, and hailed them several times, and no answer was made. ■ He 
 
 * Uozmans Maiylancl, vol. 2, p. 520. 
 * Boz!nau"s Maryiand, vol. 2, p. 52j.
 
 H I S T K Y F A X X A P O L I S . 35 
 
 then charged them not to come nearer the ship, but the enemy kept 
 rowing on their way and were come within shot of the ship; his mates 
 and company having had information of their threatenings. as well 
 against the ship as the poor distressed people, resolved to fire upon 
 them without their commander's consent, rather than hazard all by 
 the enemy's nearer approach, whereupon he ordered them to fire a 
 gun at random to divert their course from the ship, but the enemy 
 kept still course right with the ship, and took no notice of any warn- 
 ing given. He tlien conunanded his gunner to fire at them, but one 
 of his mates, Mr. Robert Morris, who knew the country very well, 
 the malice of the adversary against these people who were then near 
 worn out with fears and watehings, made shot at them, which came 
 fairly with them; whereupon they suddenly altered their course from 
 the ship, and rowed into the creek, calling the ship's company rogues, 
 round-headed rogues, and dogs, and with many execrations and rail- 
 ing, threatened to fire them on the morning." 
 
 Gov. Stone entered the mouth of Spa Creek, which forms the 
 southern boundary of the present city of Annapolis, and landed his forces 
 on Horn point, a peninsula oi)posite Annapolis, and south of Spa Creek. 
 
 Whilst the Governor was landing his men, Capt. Heamans fired 
 another shot at them. "The shot thereof lighting somewhat near to 
 them, the Governor deemed it most prudent to send a messenger on 
 board the Golden Lyon to know the reason of their conduct, with 
 directions to the messenger to inform the captain of the ship, that he 
 (Gov. Stone) thought 'the captain of the ship had been satisfied.' 
 To which, Captain Heamans, who and a younger brother, Mrs. 
 Stone says, were great sticklers in the business, answered in a veiy 
 blustering manner — 'Satisfied with what? I never saw any power 
 Capt. Stone had to do as he hath done, but the superscription of a 
 letter. I must, and will, appear for these in a good cause.' "* 
 
 "The same night," says lleamans, "came fui-ther intelligence from 
 the enemy in the harbor, that they were making fireworks against 
 the ship.'"' On this the Puritans "commanded a small ship of Captain 
 Cut's, of New England, then in the river, to lie in the mouth of the 
 creek to prevent the enemy's coming forth in the night, to work any 
 mischief against the ship.'" 
 
 The St. Mary's men evidently looked upon the campaign as one of 
 certain triumph, and like of Goliath of Gath, before the armies of 
 Israel, they defied the hosts of the Puritans. 
 
 Approaching on the morrow by a narrow neck of land, near which 
 their A-essels were moored, the Cavaliers, with sound of drum and rail- 
 ings loud, called to their enemies: "Come, ye rouges, come, ye 
 rouges, round-headed dogs." On this the Captain of the Golden 
 Lyon fired his fourth and," this time, fatal shot, killing one of the St. 
 Mary's men. 
 
 Tlie day, the 25th of March, was the Sabbath, but religion and 
 fighting are professions the Puritans always would mix. So whilst the 
 Governor was putting his troops in martial array, the Puritans were 
 already in his rear. Their little band of one hundred and twenty, 
 under Capt. Wm. Fuller, had marched out of town, around tlie head 
 of Spa Creek, a detour of six miles, and now appeared behind the Gover- 
 nor's ai"my. 
 
 * Leonard Strong;— in Bozmiiii's Mnryl-md, vol. 2, p. 524.
 
 36 " T H E A X C 1 E X T C I T Y . ' ' 
 
 The sentry of the St. Mary's men fired the signal shot, when "Cap- 
 tain Fuller still expecting, that, then at least, possibly they might 
 give a reason of their coming, commanded his men, upon pain of death, 
 not to shoot a gun, or give the first onset, setting up the standard of 
 the commonwealth of England, against which the enemy shot five or 
 six guns, and killed one man in the front before a shot was made by 
 the other.'" "Then," continues Mr. Leonard Strong, "the word was 
 given, ''In the name of God fall on: God is our strength.'" ' The cry 
 of the St. Mary's men was, "Met/, for St. Ilarifs.'" Thus the battle of 
 the Severn began. 
 
 The charge was fierce, but brief. "Through the glorious presence 
 of the Lord of hosts," says the same cotemporary author, "manifested 
 in and towards his poor, oppressed people, the enemy could not endure, 
 but gave back ; and were so efliectually charged home, tliat they were 
 all routed, turned their backs, threw clown their arms, and begged for 
 mercy. After the first volley of shot, a small company of the enemy, 
 from behind a great tree fallen, galled us, and wounded divers of our 
 men, but were soon beaten off. Of the whole company of Marylanders 
 there escaped only four or five, who ran away out of the army to carry 
 news to their confederates. Capt. Stone, Colonel Price, Capt, Gerrard, 
 Capt. Lewis, Capt. Kendall, (probably Fendall,) Capt. Guither, Major 
 Chandler, and all the rest of the covuicellors, officers, and soldiers of the 
 Lord Baltimore, among whom both commanders and soldiers, a great 
 number being Papists, were taken, and so were their vessels, arms, am- 
 munition, provisions, about fifty men slain and wounded. We lost 
 only two men in the field, but two died since of their wounds. God 
 did ajspear wondertul in the field, and in the hearts of the people, all 
 confessing Him to be the only worker of this victory and deliverance." 
 However miich the Puritans attributed the fate of battle to the Al- 
 mighty, after the contest was once over, they laid aside His precepts, 
 and proceeded to close matters after their o\\^l will. Doctor Barber, 
 an author of that period, writing in the interests of the St. Mary's 
 men, says: "After the skirmish, the Governor, upon quarter given 
 him and all his company in the field, yielded to be taken prisoners, 
 but, two or three days after, the victors condemned ten to death, and 
 executed four, and had executed all, had not the incessant petition- 
 ing and begging of some good women saved some, and the soldiers 
 others : the Governor himself being condemned by them and since beg- 
 ged by the soldiers, some being saved just as they were leading to 
 execution," 
 
 Those who were executed, were Mr, William Bltonhead, Lieut. Wm. 
 Lewis, Mr. Legget, and John Pedro, a German. Gov. Stone, though 
 his life was spared, was treated with great cruelty, and, whilst in 
 prison, suffering from a severe wound received in the battle, neither 
 his friends nor his wife were allowed to visit him, 
 
 A year after this battle, the 23rd of October, 1656, Lord Baltimore 
 sent instructions to his Lieutenant and Council in which he required 
 the people of Anne Arundel to quietly and peacefully submit to his 
 Lordship's Patents as he used and exercised the same there before the 
 troubles began, vizt. in the year 1650, and according to the advice of 
 the said (of Trade) committee, which had decided that Lord Balti- 
 more was entitled to the Government of the province of Maryland- 
 He added, "His Lordship wills and requires his said Lieutenant and 
 Council that the Law in the said Province instituted, An act concern-
 
 HisTORYOF Annapolis. 37 
 
 ins: Religion and passed heretofore there with his Lordship's assent, 
 Whereby all Persons who profess to believe in Jesus Christ have 
 Liberty of Conscience and free exercise of their religion there, be dnly 
 observed in the said Province by all the inhabitants thereof, and that 
 the penalties mentioned in the said act be duly put in execution upon 
 any oifendors against the same, or any part thereof."* 
 
 The Province was restored to Lord Baltimore in March, 1658, hfir 
 Jiavmg been deprived of it six years. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 Ql'AKEES AND INDIANS DiSTURB THE COLONY. 
 
 [1658.] Incessant were the disturbances in the colony. When 
 the Puritans and the State were at peace, the Indian and the Quaker 
 ruffled the Province. "At a Council held 23 of Julij, at Annarundell 
 Present, The Governor, The Secretary Col : Nathaniell Vtie." The 
 following proceedings toolc phxce : 
 
 "This morneing was sworne Of his Lordship Councell Mr. Edward 
 Lloyd and from the Councell went to assist the Governor at the 
 County Court. 
 
 "After the Court was ended the Councell mett againe and there 
 being then Present The Governor The Secretary Coll : Xathaniell Vtie 
 Mr. Edward Lloyd. 
 
 "Toke into consideracon tlie insolent hehaviour of som people 
 called Quakers who at the Court, in contempt of an order then made 
 & proclaimed, would presumptuously stand Covered, and not only so, 
 but also refused to subscribe the engagement notwithstanding the Act 
 of Assembly in that case provided alleadging they were to be governed 
 by Gods lawe and the light within them & not by mans lawe and vpon 
 full debate finding that this thcyr refusall of the engagement was a 
 breach of the Articles of the 24th of March last, and that theyr prin- 
 ciples tended to the destruction of all Government. 
 "Ordered 
 
 "That all persons whatsoeucr that were resideing within this Pro- 
 vince on 24th of March 1657 should take & subscribe the said engage- 
 ment by the 20th of August next or else dei^art the Province by the 
 25th of March foUoweing vpon paine due to Rebbells «& Traitors if 
 found within this Province after the said 25th of March, & that a 
 Proclamacon be forthwith drawne to this effect. 
 "Proclamation, 
 
 "By the Lieutenant & Governor of Maryland. 
 
 "Whereas vpon the Surrender of the Government to me his Lord- 
 ship Lieutenant on the 24th of March last past amongst other things it 
 was then agreed that the Oath of fidelity should not be pressed vpon 
 the inhabitants then resideing within this Province but that in place 
 * Archives of .Ma yland. Council Proceedings, p. 325.
 
 ■38 < ' T H E A N C I E X T C I T Y . ' ' 
 
 and stead thereof an engagement should be taken in Manner and 
 forme as in those Articles (relation vnto them being had) more at 
 large appeareth And whereas l)y Act of this last Generall Assembly 
 the said Articles are confirmed'& the said engagement by a La we com- 
 manded to be taken To the end tlie said Articles may be inviolably ob- 
 served and that all Jealousies and fearcs be removed These are in the 
 Lord Proprietarys name strictly to charge & Command all persons 
 whatsoeuer to make theyr repaire to the Clarkes of the respectiue 
 County Courts at or before the 30th day of August next ensueing to 
 make theyr subscriptions to the said engagement or else that they 
 provide themselues to depart this Pro\-ince by the 35th day of March 
 next and to declare that all persons who shall refuse to subscribe the 
 engagement -within the time before limited and shall be found in any 
 part of this Province after the 25th day of March aforesaid shall be 
 proceeded against as Rebbells & Traitors Given vnder my hand this 
 33rd of July 1G58. Josias Fendall. 
 
 '•At Councell held 35 Julij at Patuxent Present The Governor The 
 Secretary. 
 
 "Aecording to the Warrant beareing date 33nd Instant Thomas 
 Thurston was brought before the Governor, & the said Thurston being 
 desirous to depart the Province the Governor Ordered this followeing 
 Warrant to he drawne Whereas Thomas Thurston by himselfo & 
 friends hath desired of me that he may passe vp to Annaruudell, 
 irom whence he hath ingaged himselfe to depart this Province by Mon- 
 day next being the second day of August, vntill whos departing out of 
 this Province Josias Cole is to remaine as by Order of Court Provided 
 These are therefore in the Lord Proprietarys name to Will & require 
 you not to molest the said Thomas Thurston during the time limited 
 for his stay and so soone as he shall signify to you his intention pres- 
 ently to depart that you sett at lilierty the said Josias Cole Provided 
 that if they or either of them shall be found within this Province after 
 the aforesaid second day of August (vnlesse made vnaljle to depart by 
 sicknes) they or either of them be apprehended and proceeded against 
 according to lawe in theyr case ])rovided Given Vnder my hand at Pa- 
 tuxent tins 35th day of July 1658. Josias Fendall." * 
 
 [1605.] In 1005, the Indians again became an element of trouble, 
 and a Council that met at St. Mary's, June 0th, 1065, took "into de- 
 bate some speedy way for the prevention of the Indian Enemyes 
 further incursiones into this province, And how they may be sup- 
 pi-essed for the future." 
 
 In the levy for the various counties, St. Mary's had to raise thirty 
 men and the like number was required of Anne Arundel. Capt. Wil- 
 liam Burges, of Anne Arundel, was put in command of the troop, and 
 he was ordered to raise them by press or otherwise, with sufficient arms 
 and ammunition. He was also made Deputy Commander of all the 
 forces. 
 
 The commission and instructions given to Capt. Burges, preserved 
 ill the proceedings of the council, t give a curious insight into the 
 state of the colony regarding that still unsolved problem — the Ameri- 
 can Indian. 
 
 "The Commission Reads : 
 
 "Charles Calvert &c., To Capt. William Burges Greeting Whereas 
 
 * Archives of Md. Council ProepedinKP, p. H53. 
 t Arciiives of Md. Council Prcceedin«.«, p. b2'i.
 
 HistokyopAnnapolis. 39 
 
 Diverse Forraigne Indians have of late Committed diverse murders 
 vpon the people of this Province and Committed diverse other Out- 
 rages for repression of -ndiich I have thought fitt to raise a Competent 
 Number of Men Now Know Yee that I reposing espeeiall confidence in 
 yor fidelity Courage and Experience in Martial! Affaires have Consti- 
 tuted Ordained and Appointed and by these presents doe Constitute 
 Ordaine and appoint yow Coramandr in Cheife under mee of all the 
 forces soe raised in St. ]\Iary's, Kent, Charles, Calvert and Anne 
 Arundell Countys against the said Indians to make warre and pursue 
 and by Gods Assistance to Vanquish and Kill and Generally in all 
 things to doe all or any thing or thhigs as any Commandr in Cheife 
 may or of Eight Ought to doe according to such Instruccons as I haue 
 herewith sent or shall from time to time send yow Given at St. Mary's 
 undr my hand and Scale this 6th day of June in the 34th yeare of his 
 Lordps Dominion Ouer this Prouince Annoq Domini 1065. 
 
 Charles Calvert." 
 
 The following were the instructions given Capt. Surges :"•■■ 
 
 "Instructions directed by the Honble the Leiutennt Generall Charles 
 Calvert Esqr &c., To Capt. William Burges and sent wth his Comcon 
 dated 0th day of June 1065. 
 
 "Imprimis you are to take Under yor Charge and Comand the 
 Seuerall parties of men raised in St. Mary's, Kent, Charles and Cal- 
 vert Countys as those in Anne Arundell Countys wth which men ac- 
 cording to your Bes t discrecon and wth the Aduice and Consent of the 
 major part of the Officers comanding in the Seuerall partyes yow are 
 to Endeauour to find out the Indian Enemy in theire Quarters and 
 them by God's Assistance to Vanquish or Otherwise driue Out of this 
 Prouince or Otherwise uppon the place and Emergent Occasions as 
 yow with the Advice and Consent aforesaid shall finde it more Exped- 
 ient and for the safety of the Province in Generall to keepe severall 
 partyes ranging the woods as well to the Head of Patuxent as Patapsco 
 & Bush Riners or eucn up to the Utmost bounds of the Prouince up- 
 pon the Sasquesahanough riuer. 
 
 "Secondly yow are to take speciall Care to see yow men want not 
 necessary jirouisiones for foode nor Amies nor Amunicon and to that 
 end yow are to issue Orders to the Sherriffes or other Officers next to 
 yow in tlie seuerall Countyes where yow shall chance to come in pur- 
 suite of yor Commission to presse any Armes Ammunicon or Provis- 
 iones Needfull ; Who are to keepe exact and true accompts of such 
 thinges so pressed as aforesaid. 
 
 "Thirdely yow are to take espeeiall Care of the People in Patapsco 
 riuer and Gunn Powder Riuer and to that end yow are to keepe a Con- 
 stant Correspondence with yor Colonell Lewis Stockett, whom, when 
 yow shall Chance to meet yow are to Obey in all thinges. 
 
 "Fourthly To the end all necessary assistance may be Given to all 
 places in danger yow are to giue notice of all yor proceedings and all 
 intelligence yow shall receive to me twice euery weeke and Oftener if 
 need be, and to presse messengers expressely to bring yor letters to 
 me as also to send yor intelligence to your Collonell as often as need 
 shall be, and Generally yow are to presse Boates men or horses either 
 to Carry Baggage or to March after the Ennemy as yow shall see Oc- 
 <?asion. 
 
 * Archives of Md. Council Pr jr'ef dings, p. 524.
 
 40 ''TheAncientCity.'' 
 
 "Fifthly Yow are to Associate with any the friendle Indians to any 
 number yow shall finde most Contenient for the service now in hand ; 
 but in yor march or in yor Quarters yow are to take speciall Care that 
 noe English doe Game or wrestle with any Indians so to auoid all Oc- 
 casiones of Quarrell. ' ' 
 
 No war followed this preparation of arms, and, in 1666, a treaty of 
 peace was made with a number of Indians, in which the rijjht was 
 conceded to the proprietary to appoint the emperor of the Indians. 
 For nine years tlie colony enjoyed exemption from Indian warfare. 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 Colonial Life. 
 
 Prom 1657 to 1683 there is a lamental)le gap in the history of Provi- 
 dence, due, it is beUeved, to the loss of the State's Records by '-the 
 removal of the records and documents of the province from St. Mary's 
 to Annapolis, some of which were greatly damaged," and to "the loss 
 of some by the fire which destroyed the State House in 1704, whei'e 
 they were chiefly deposited."* 
 
 The chasm will be filled by extracts from the journals of tlie General 
 Assembly and records of the Courts, from whose quaint proceedings 
 and curious customs may be gleaned the thoughts, deeds, and charac- 
 ters of the men who laid the foundations of Annapolis. 
 
 Upper House, Saturday 28th, April, 1666. 
 
 [1666.] "Then came a member from the lower house, and desired 
 the governor,! from the the whole lower house, not to discharge Ed- 
 ward Erbery, merchant, from the save of Bristol ; in regard, they had 
 something to object against him, as well for abusing the lower house 
 of Assembly, as his lordship, last night. 
 
 "Then came a member from the lower house, with this paper follow- 
 ing : 
 
 Tuesday, 1st May, 1666. 
 
 "William Calvert, Esq., motions the house, 
 
 "That, whereas there was an abuse committed last night by Edward 
 Erbery, to the disturbance of the whole house, in their quiet and rest, 
 and the clerk of this house informs that the said Erbery did call the 
 whole house papists, rogues,***® rogues, «&c., which the speaker is 
 desired to take notice of, and proceed therein, either by presentment 
 or otherwise, as to him shall seem best, and that it be the first thing 
 this house takes into consideration or debate. 
 
 "Mr. Nicholas Piccard and Mr. Richard Blunt informed the house 
 of certain vulgar and indecent expressions of Erbery concerning the 
 lower house, and that they were ashamed of the place from whence 
 they came. 
 
 * Ridgely's Annals of Annapolis, p. 54. 
 
 t Archives of Maiyland. Pioeeeiliiiss ol Assembly, p. 55.
 
 History OP Annapolis. 41 
 
 "Mr. Richard Hall says, that amongst a great many other extrava- 
 gant words, Erbery said that Charles Calvert was a rogvie. 
 
 "William Calvert, Esq., saith, how that Erbery, in his hearing, said, 
 we, viz. the assembly, were in company of j^itiful rogues and puppies, 
 and there is not one in the country deserves to keep me company but 
 Charles Calvert, who owes me ten thousand pounds of tobacco. 
 
 "Mr. Richard Smith informs this morning, when Erbery awaked, the 
 Erbery complained that he was bound ; that he remembered all that 
 he had said last night, and that he was not drunk ; and in a threaten- 
 ing manner, said he would remember those that bound him. 
 
 "The abuse that Edward Erbery gave to the lieutenant-general and 
 this assembly last night, being taken into consideration, and upon a 
 full debate thereon, had in this house, they do judge the same to be a 
 scandal to the Lord Proprietor, to his lieutenant-general, and to both 
 houses of assembly, and a great reflection i;pon the province in gen- 
 eral ; and, therefore, unanimously voted by this house, that the said 
 Erbery be brought before this house, to give answer to the above said 
 charge, in relation to those informations now given in against him. 
 
 "Ordered by the speaker that Mr. Edward Erbery be brought into 
 the sheriff, &c.' 
 
 "And taxed by the gpeaker of all those words spoken, who making 
 his appearance after the charge being read unto him, he answered that 
 he remembered none of these words that is alleged, only he confesseth 
 that he was in drink, and being further taxed about the words spoken 
 this morning, (which were averred by a member of this house) he says 
 that he remembers not that ever he spoken such words. 
 
 "Which answer being taken into consideration, the house do judge 
 the same altogether unsatisfactory, and that no person of full age shall 
 take advantage by drunkenness in such case. 
 
 "Whereupon this house do humbly present the consideration thereof 
 to the upper house, that they would please to signify to this house their 
 resentment of the same, and what they sliall judge further necessary 
 to be done with the said Erbery as touching the punishment or other- 
 wise for this house's concured therewith.' 
 
 "The upper house do order that the said Edward Erbery be tyed to 
 an apple tree before the house of assembly, and be there publickly 
 whipped upon the bare back with thirty-nine lashes, and that the sher- 
 iff of St. Mary's county be commanded to apprehend the said Erbery 
 and see this order put in execution, and that the said Erbery do pay 
 the sheriff' his fees before he departs out of his custody ; and further 
 ordered, that the said Erbery be, after he is whipped, brought into 
 both houses of assembly publickly to ask them forgiveness. 
 
 (Signed) John Gittings, Clerk." 
 
 "Upper House, February 17th, 1G74. 
 
 [1674.] 'Came into this house, a petition of the lower house, as 
 followeth, viz: 
 
 "To the honourable Charles Calvert, Esquire, Lieutentant General 
 and Chief Judge of the Provincial Court of the Right Honourable the 
 Lord Proprietary. 
 
 "The humble petition of the Deputies and Delegates of the Lower 
 House of Assembly, 
 
 "Hmnbly sheweth to your excellency,
 
 42 " T H E A X C I E X T C I T Y . ' ' 
 
 "That, whereas John Cowman being arraigned, convicte', and con- 
 demned npon the statute of the first of King James of England, &e., 
 for witchcraft, conjuration, sorcery, or enchantment used npon the 
 body of Elizabeth Goodall, aud now lying under that condenniation, 
 and' hath humbly implored and besceched us, your lordshijj's petition- 
 ers, to mediate and intercede in his behaK with your excellency for a 
 i-eprieve and stay of execution. 
 
 "Your excellencie's petitionersdo therefore, accordingly, in all hum- 
 ble manner, beseech your excellency that the rigour and severity of the 
 law to which the said condemned makfactor hath miserably exposed 
 himself, may be remitted and relaxed by the exercise of your excel- 
 lency's mercy and elemencie upon so wretched and miserable an object. 
 
 "And your' petitioners, as in duty bound, will ever pray, &c.' 
 
 'Upper House, February 17th. 
 "The lieutenant-general hath considered of the petition here above, 
 and is willing, upon the request of the lower house, that the con- 
 demned malefactor be reprieved, and execution stayed, provided that 
 the sheriff of St. Maries' county carry him to the gallows, and that 
 the rope being about his neck, it be there made known to him how 
 much he is beholding to the lower house of assemblie for mediating 
 and interceeding in his behalf with the lieutenant-general, and that 
 he remain at the city of St. Maries, to be employed in such service 
 as the governor and council shall think fitt, during the pleasure of 
 the governor." 
 
 The Quakers, or Friends, who had settled in Maryland at an early 
 period of its estal)lishment, suffering under that system of intoler- 
 ance and i:)rosecutoin which prevailed against all dissenters at that, 
 and down to a latter day, remonstrated against the unjust laws of the 
 province which debarred their testimony or, "affirmation," "and sub- 
 jected them to heavy penalties for refusing to take the prescribed 
 oaths," "although contraiy to their conscience, and, in their opinion 
 the SavioTir's positive injunction, declared in his sermon on the mount 
 ' — 'swear not at all. ' ' ' This remonstrance or petition appears iipon the 
 journals of the upper house in 1G74, and is as follows : 
 
 "Saturday, 23d May, 1674. 
 
 "Read in the house, a petition exhibited by certain Quakers, as fol- 
 lows, viz : 
 
 "I'his we do lay before the governour and council assembly, in the 
 wisdom of God, to consider of, from us who in scorn are called, 
 Quakers. 
 
 '•What we can say and do instead of an oath, it is in ol^edienceto 
 Christ's command, that we cannot swear and take an oath, and Christ 
 our Lord and Saviour's command is, 'I say imto you swear not at all,' 
 Though in the old time, they were not to forswear themselves, but 
 perform their oaths to the Lord ; and the Lord Jesus Christ's com- 
 mand is, but let your communication be yea, yea, and nay, nay, for 
 whatsoever is more than these cometh of evil ; and St. .Tanies saith, 
 in his general epistle to the Church of Christ, above all things, my 
 bretheren, swear not; neither by heaven, nor by the earth, nor by 
 any other oath ; mark, but let your yea, be yea, and your nay, be nay, 
 least you fall unto condemnation. Now. here ye may see, that 
 Christ and apostles sett us yea, yea, and nay, nay, over and above an 
 
 _r
 
 HistoryofAnnapolis. 43 
 
 oath and sweai'ing, and in lieu of an oath. See, in oliedience to Christ 
 and the apostles' command, it is, that we do not, and dare not swear, 
 least we should go into the evil, and so fall into condemnation, as 
 Christ and the apostles saith before. But according to Christ Jesus 
 and the apostles' command, doe keep to yea, yea, and nay, nay, 
 wherein they do double their words to make them of more force. 
 •Christ Jesus to the deeiples and the apostles to the church : and now, 
 if, that we are called to testifie the ti'uth, or to serve in any office or 
 place or jurie, if that we do In-eak oxir yea, yea, or nay, nay, then let 
 us suiter the same penalty, as they, that do break an oath, or are fore- 
 sworne. And this not repugnant to the laws of England, having the 
 same penalty on the sa\ne transgression ; for, in Jamaica, their law is 
 so, that our brethren's testimony upon yea. yea, and nay, nay, as 
 ■Christ and as the apostles commanded, is taken, and the same in the 
 same in the acts and province laws at Carolina, and the same in the 
 patent and acts at Road Island, and the same in the new country of 
 Jersey, is taken instead of an oath ; which the governour and his 
 coiincil and assembly may, by an act of assembly, let us have the same 
 liberty here, as our brethren have in other places, colonies, or pi-ovin- 
 ces, that we may not be put to inconveniences, for you do not know 
 what trouble often many of lis are put to, because we cannot swear 
 and take oath, and do lose our rights and that which is due to us from 
 others, and how we have been made prey upon by many, because we 
 cannot swear, and have lost much in our estates, and cannot be so ser- 
 viceal)le in our generation to the country, as we might be, and also 
 what trouble we have had, who have been overseers or executors, or 
 the like, that have been intrusted with orphans, fatherless, and wid- 
 ows' estates or wills, for want of an oath. And, therefore, you having 
 power to remedic these things by making an act, we do lay them be- 
 fore yoii. and that if we do breake our yea, yea, or nay, nay, or what 
 we testifie, then let us suffer the same punishment as they do that 
 break their oaths or swear falsely ; and this we are willing to suffer, 
 who profess faith in Christ, and would all that profess the same, to 
 exercise a conscience void of offence towards God and men. So yoix 
 may remove this oppression if you please, and let us have the same 
 liberty that our friends and brethercn have in other countrys and is- 
 lands, as we are creditably informed ; whose hands are hereunto sub- 
 scribed in behalf s of our l^retheren. 
 
 'Wenlock Christekson, Jo. Homeard, 
 
 'William Perrie, Ri. Beard, &c. 
 
 "Ordered by the house, that the petition here above be sent to the 
 lower house, and offered to their consideration. 
 
 "This petition was accordingly sent to the lower house, who re- 
 turned it with a message requesting to be informed by his excellency 
 and tlie upper house, whether, in their opinion, the asseml)ly had the 
 power to alter the form of the oath prescribed by the laws of Eng- 
 land, in point of evidence between the king and his people, &c., in 
 matters depending within the province, or not. To which message, 
 the upper house replied, that they had resolved, that the petition 
 should remain upon the journal till further advice from the Lord Pro- 
 prietary, who declared that he 'formerly had intention of gratifying 
 ■the desire of the said people, called Quakers, in that kind ;' but for 
 some reason not mentioned, his lordship desired 'that all proceedings 
 therein be, for the present, suspended.'
 
 44 ''TheAncientCity." 
 
 "This highly respectable and long misnnderstood society of chris- 
 tians, were not restored to the riglits and privileges, so moderately, 
 but firmly, insisted upon in the foregoing petition, until the year 1702* 
 — when the legislature struck from the statute books this relict of in- 
 tolerance, "f 
 
 [1671.] On the 28th of March, 1671, when the Upper House had 
 met at "two of the clock in the afternoon," it received "a message 
 from the Lower House which was their desire to know whether the 
 Deputys of Calvert county or the deputys of Anne Arundel county 
 ought to take jDlace. Upon examination whereof this House were of 
 ophiion that the Deputys of A me Arundel ought to have the Prece- 
 dency and sent the honorable, the Secretary to satisfy them in that 
 particular with the Records of their Commission constituting their 
 county Courts. And afterwards this house sent Mr. Brooks and Mr. 
 Trueman to the Lower House for their further satisfaction therein. "J 
 
 The jurisprudence of a nation and the manner of its application to 
 the causes which arise under it are indices of the moral and mental 
 status of that people. 
 
 From yellow and dusty volumes, MSS. preserved among the arch- 
 ives of Maryland, are taken the records of some quaint trials which 
 throw a radia^it light upon those curious times. 
 
 [1656.] In 1656, the provinc: being under the authority of the 
 commissioners of Cromwell, Judith Catchpole was brought before the 
 Court under a suspiction of having murdered her child. It was "a 
 Generall Provincial court Held at Patuxent, September, 22nd, 1656," 
 which heard the case to determine if she should be indicted. Patux- 
 ent was then the name of Calvert county. 
 
 The Court was composed of Capt. Wm. Fuller, Mr. Richard Pres- 
 ton, Mr. Edward Lloyd, Mr. John Scott and Mr. Michael Brooke. 
 Judith denied even the birth of the child, whereupon the court or- 
 dered "a jury of able women to be impanelled and to give in their 
 verdict to the best of their judgement whether she, the said Judith, 
 hath ever had a child, or not." 
 
 The following jury was selected: Rose Smith, Mrs. Belcher, Mrs. 
 Chaplin, Mrs. Brooke, Mrs. Battin, Mrs Cannardy, Mrs. Bussey, Mrs. 
 Brooke, Elizabeth Claxton, Elizabeth Potter and Dorothy Day — 
 eleven. 
 
 The testimony in the case, as recorded, was : 
 
 "James Jolly, sworne examined, saith that l)eing at John Grara- 
 mer's, a weeke before Wm. Bramhall's man died, the said servant of 
 Bramhall said that Judith Catchpole cut a maid's sldnn off her throat, 
 and she never felt it, and the saitl Judith Catchpole sewed the wound 
 up, againe, and further saith not." 
 
 "Elizabeth Norton, sworne and examined, saith that Wra. Bram- 
 hall's servant that dyed, saith that Judith Catchpole, Cut the skinn 
 of a maid's throat when she was asleep, and the said maid never felt 
 it, and the said Judith sewed Up the wound againe, with a Needle and 
 thread ; and the said servant said, if he should divulge it, it would be 
 worse for him, and further saith hot. That Wm. Bramhall's man 
 said that Judith Catclipole and he did grind a knife Dutch fashion, 
 and the said Judith prickt a seaman in the back with it, a.' d she 
 
 * Act of 1702, chapter 1, sfclion l^l, 
 
 t Ridjiely's Annals. 
 
 t Areluves of Ma ylanri, Proceedings of Assembly, r. 210.
 
 H I S T R Y F A X X A P L I S . 45 
 
 begged a little grease of the chirurgeou, and greased his back, and 
 he stood up again ; and the said servant said that Judith was to kill 
 three or four men more and further said not." 
 
 "Andrew Wilcox sworne and examined, saith, that Mr. Bramhall's 
 man-servant that dyed said that when the murther was done all the 
 peo])le and seamen in the shi]3 were asleep ; and after it was done 
 Judith Catchpole and the said servant of Wm. Bramhall went up 
 upon the deck, and walked a quarter of an hour, afterward off they 
 Went, each to their Lodging ; this being at Sea in the middle of the 
 night, and further saith not." 
 
 We the jury thereupon rendered a verdict "The Jury of women, 
 before named, having according to our charge and oath, searched the 
 body of Judith Catchpole. doe give in our verdict that according to 
 our best judgment, that said Judith Catchpole hath not had any child 
 within the time charged." 
 
 The court then gave opinion that, "Whereas, Judith Catchpole, 
 servant to Wm. Darrington, of this Province of Maryland, was apjire- 
 hended and brought before the court upon a suspicion of murdering 
 a child in her voyage at sea, bound for this Province in the ship Mary 
 and Francis, who set forth of Engla-.d upon her intended voyage in. 
 or about October last, 1655, and arrived in this Province in, :r about 
 January following, and her accuser being deceased, and no murther 
 appearing, upon her examination, denying the fact ; was ordered that 
 her Ijody should l)e searclit by a jury of able women, which being 
 done, the said jury returning their verdict to this court that they 
 found, tliat the said Judith had not had any child within the time, 
 charged, and, also it appearing to this court, by severall testimonies 
 that the party accusing was not in sound mind, whereby it is con- 
 ceived the said Judith Catchpole is not inditable. Tne Court doth, 
 therefore, order that upon the reasons aforesaid that she, the said Ju- 
 dith Catchpole, be acquitted of that charge unless further evidence 
 appear. ' ' 
 
 The court records of this decade bear, in several places, the name 
 an individual who seemed to be one of those characters, who furnish 
 food for courts. Peter Godson is the unfortunate Marylander. One 
 of the cases was when Peter was sued for calling a woman a witch. 
 He confessed penitence, and escaped, in a measure, the meshes and 
 penalties of the law. 
 
 [16G5.] "At a court holden the fifth day of October, 1605," it is 
 recorded that "Peter Godson, being convicted of stealing n bodkin 
 from the wife of John Ilambleton, and concealing the same shall ac- 
 cording to the Act of Assembly, restore four fould in silver, which is 
 four shillings and six pence, to the defendent, with the charges of 
 court being four hundred and six pounds of tobacco." 
 
 In December of the same year Peter again appears in court. Thos. 
 Ager complained "that he hath paid unto Peter Godson Tobacco for 
 a cure, ihe said Godson undertook to perform on the said Ager, and 
 hath left him worse than he found him. It is ordered, ' ' said the Court, 
 "that the sai d Godson pay him his tobacco back againe except 
 he perform his undertaking." 
 
 In the succeeding March, the following proceedings in the case 
 were had : 
 
 "Whereas, by a former order, Peter Godson was iujoyned to make 
 a cure of Thomas Ager or else repay ye tobacco which he had received
 
 46 ''TheAncientCity.'' 
 
 in satisfaction of his cure, and it, appearing to this Court, that the 
 said Godson hath not performed the order, it is now ordered that the 
 said Godson shall rejiay the said tobacco which is GOOMj and caske, or 
 else execution." 
 
 James Johnson for a misuse of his tongue paid severe penalties. At a 
 court held July loth, 1647, "the Court being informed of certaine 
 mutinous speeches uttered by James Johnson, aboiit ye 3d of July, 
 viz.; that he should say unto Richard Beiniett, after some discourse 
 concerning the Government now established, that he hoped within a 
 while, to see a confusion of all Papistry here, and further the said 
 James Johnson said that both he, the said Ricluird Bennett and yt. 
 came up with the late Governor from Virginia, (meaning the soldiers,) 
 were rogues ; for that they had undone a brave country, for had it not 
 been for them, to "witt, the soldiers, they might have enjoyed this 
 country, to themselves, (meaning the late Kebells to his Proprietary,) 
 and their progency after them. And tlie said Richard Bennett re- 
 plyed, yt. there were in the Governor's Company as lionest men as 
 himself. The said Johnson still persisted in it, saying that they were 
 all rogues and he would justifie it, and, at the same time he, the same 
 .James Jolmson, urged the said Bennett to go downe, and certifie the 
 Governor of these speeches, saying that if he should complaine to the 
 Governor against him, he regarded it not, for he cared noe more for 
 the Governor, (meaning Mr. Greene,) then he did for any of tlic rest. 
 Also, at the same time, speaking concerning Capt. Hill, he wished 
 thatCapt. Hill would come, and re-assume the government, affirming 
 that, if Cajit. Hill, were come, and yt. he. the sjiid James Johnson 
 could sec Capt. John Price, pressing soldiers to resist the said Capt. 
 Hill, and not above two others in his company, he would shott liim, 
 (meaning Capt. Price. ) All which being proved by the oatli of Richard 
 Bennett, the Court judged that he should be fined in 2,0001b tobacco, 
 and to be whipped with thirty lashes. And to remain in the Sheriff's 
 hands, till the Corporall punishment* be exequuted, and to put in 
 security for ye payment of the said fine. 
 
 "Warrant to the Sheriff to see sentence exequuted to-morrow in the 
 evening. ' ' 
 
 [1654.] Mrs. Brooks for an amiable piece of gossip among her ac- 
 quaintances, was called to answer "at a court holden for the Province 
 of Maryland, 16th of Oct., 1654." 
 
 The "first witness Mr. Geo. Newman, testified he "heard IMrs. Brooks 
 relate that she heard Mrs. Goulson had beaten her maid two hour by 
 the dock, and there were that would take their oath that it was aii 
 hour and a half hy the clock." 
 
 "Margaret Prichard, aged twentie yeares or thereabouts," deposed, 
 "that this Deponent heard Mrs. Brooks say that Mrs. Goulson had 
 beaten her maid two hours," following that with the significant at- 
 testation, "by the clock." Unhke the inattentive and poetical New- 
 man, Margaret had not to say that Mrs. Brooke related "there, were 
 that," who could make a certain oath that, and so forth, but she could 
 swear to the person, and give a longer period to Mrs. Goulsoia's active 
 episode in her household duties. She testified that Mrs. Brooks 
 further said : Elizebeth Tennis would take her oath that it was two 
 hours and a half," but the important "by the clock," was not vouch- 
 safed by tliis deponent. Elizebeth heard more ; Margaret had fin- 
 islied up with a delicious titbit of gossij) respecting the conjugal rela-
 
 II ] S T O R Y O F A N X A P L I S . 47 
 
 tioiis of hci- uiiinereiful acquaintance. Mavjraret farther continued 
 her deposition V)y testifying that "Elizabeth Tennis should say" that 
 the exasperated lord of Mrs. Goulson, "tore the hair of his head and 
 wisht that she. the said Mrs. Groulson would kill the self-same maid, 
 that she might never kill more." 
 
 This record follows: — "That, whereas, Mrs. Brooks reported that 
 Sarah Goulson unlawfully punished her raaid-serrant, which cannot 
 he proved. It is ordered that Mrs. Brooks shall pay the charges." 
 
 Thus the slanderer received her reward. 
 
 [1G48.] Itsdignity our provincial courts jealously guarded. Swearing 
 at its sessions was punished, and jierjury before it, it would, in no 
 wise, countenance, as is attested by the sentence of one John Gonoore 
 who was found guilty of this latter crime, "att a court held at Henry 
 Morgan's att Kent 22nd Jan'y," sometime about 1648. 
 
 Thomas Matthews in behalf of the Lord Proprietary complained 
 "against John Gonoore, that Ijeing called to answer upon his oath, 
 not haveing the feare of God afore his eyes, he answered falsely and 
 and against his knowledge, whereby he committed a willfuU perjury, 
 wherefore the said Thos. jNIatthews requireth in the behalf of the 
 said Lord Proprietary, the said Goonore to l)e brought to condine 
 punishment. 
 
 "John Goonore not having anything to say for his defence, more 
 than that it was the first time he ever committed the like offence. 
 The Court adjudged him to be nailed by both ears to the Pillory with 
 nailes in each eare, and the nails to be slitt out, and afterwards to be 
 whipped with 20 good lashes. Aiirl fhi-s fo be exequufed immediately 
 before any other biisine.s.'i of Court he proceeded upon.^' 
 
 The following curious trial is found in Liber S. Folios 297 and 298, 
 of the Provincial Court of Maryland : 
 
 [1659.] "Whereas John Wasiiington, of Westmoreland county, in 
 Virginia, hath made complaynt against -Edward Prescott, merchant, 
 accusing ye said Prescott of felony unto ye Governor of this Province. 
 Alleging how that thee ye said Prescott, hanged a witch in his ship, 
 as hee was outwards bound from England hither ye lastyeare. L^ppon 
 wliich complaynt of ye said Washington, ye Governor caused ve said 
 Edward Prescott to bee arrested ; Taking bond for his appeai'ance at 
 tills Provinci;xll Court, of 4,000tbs tobacco. Giving, moreover, notice 
 to ye Siiid Washington, by letter, of his proceedings therein, a copie 
 of which bond, with ye sjiid Washington's answere thereto are as fol- 
 lowcth : 
 
 "Mr. Washington, 
 
 "Uppon your complaynt to me that Mr. Prescott did in his voyage 
 from England hither, cause a woman to bee executed for a witch, I 
 have caused him to bee apprehended up]>on suspition of felony, and 
 iloe intend to bind him over to ye Provincial Court to answere it ; 
 where I doe allso expect you to bee, to make good your charge. Hee 
 will be called upon his tryall ye 4th on 5th of^ October next, att ye 
 court to bee hold then att Patunent, neare Mrs. FPenwick's house ; 
 where I suppose you will not fayle to bee. Whitnesses examined in 
 Virginia will be of no vallew there in this case, for they must bee 
 face to face with ye party accused, or they stand for nothing. I 
 thought good to acxuaynt with this, that you may not come unpro- 
 vided.
 
 48 ' ' T H K A X C I E >■ T C I T V . ' ' 
 
 "This at present Sr. is all from 
 "Your Friend, 
 "Josiat Fendell, 
 
 "29th September." 
 
 "Humble Sir, 
 
 "Yours, of this 39th instant, this day I received. I am sorry, yet 
 my extraordinary occassions will not permit me to be at ye next Pro- 
 vi'nciall Court to" be held in Maryland ye 4 of this next month. Be- 
 cause then, God willing, 1 intend to g-et my youn.<r sone baptized, all 
 ye eomi)any and gossips being all ready invited. Besides in this short 
 time witnesses cannot be got to come over. But if Mr. Prescott be 
 bound to answer at ye next Pro\-incialI Court after this. I shall do 
 what lyeth in my power to get them ouer. Sir, I shall desire you for 
 to acquaint me wheather Mr. Prescott be bound over to try, next 
 Court, and when yr court is, that I may have some time for to provide 
 evidence. And so I rest 
 
 "Your Friend & Servant, 
 
 "John Washington, 
 
 "oO September 1659. " 
 
 "To which complaynt of John Washington, ye said Edward Pres- 
 cott, (submitting himself to his tryall,) dcnyeth not but that there 
 was one Elizabeth Richardson, hanged in his ship, as he was outward 
 bound ye last year from England, and comming for tliis Province, 
 near unto ye Western Islands, by his master and company, (he having 
 appointed one John Greene, for ye voyage master, thouglit himself 
 was both merchants and owner of ye ship,) but further sayth, that 
 be understood ye proceedings of his said master and company, and 
 protested against in that business. And that there upon both ye 
 master and company were ready to mutiny. 
 
 "And it appearing in y^- court by ye printed custom house dis- 
 charge, and light house bills or acquittances produced and shewn liy 
 ye said Edward Prescott, taken or given in John Greene's name, that 
 ye said Green was master for ye voyage, and not Edward Prescott, 
 and no one coming to prosequnto. Ye said Prescott, therefore prays 
 that hee may be acquitted. 
 
 "Edward Prescott, prisoner at ye bar, upon suspition of felony. 
 stated upon his acquittal. If any person can give evidence against 
 him, let him come in, for the prisoner otherwise will be acquitted. 
 
 "And no one appearing, ye prisoner is acquitted by the Board." 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 Ax INDISCREET Represent ATI VE from Anne 
 Arundel. 
 
 [1662.] The early annals of the province of Maryland preserve, as 
 representatives of Anne Arundel in the General Assembly, the names 
 of many families still to be found within the borders of this interest- 
 ing county. In 1662. Anne Arundel was represented by Robert Burle, 
 Richard Beard, and Ralph Hawkins.
 
 History OF Annapolis. 49 
 
 The former became engaged in <a serious difficulty by the indiscreet 
 use of his pen, as will appear by t!ie following extracts from the 
 journal of proceedings of the General Asseml)ly :* 
 
 "Wednesday, the 2d of April. Then was taken into consideration 
 a certain paper, endorsed 'To the worshij)ful, the burgesses tor this 
 present Assembly, holden for Maryland. The declaration of :;overal 
 of the inhabitants of Anne Arundel county, which, as bearing no 
 date, nor being subscribed by any jierson whosoever, was put to the 
 vote whether it were a lil;)el yea, or no.' 
 
 "Voted liy the House that it is a libel, containing scandalous and 
 seditious expressions, tending to the utter subversion and overthrow 
 of tlie legislative power of this province, residing in the Lord Proprie- 
 tary and both houses of Assembly, and, that it be sent to the lower 
 house who are desired to join with this liouse in the searcliing t)utand 
 centunng the author. "Ordered, that Mr. Daniel Jenifer, messer ~er^ 
 be sent from this house to the lower house, to present that seditious 
 paper published at Anne Arundel, with the vote of this lioiisi, :Dr 
 their concurrence." 
 
 "Tliursday, the 3rd of April. 
 
 "Then the Lower House returned the seditious pamphlet sent by 
 the Upper House to them together with the vote of this house, en- 
 dorsed on the Imek side : 
 
 "Assented to by the lower house. William Bretton, clerk. 
 
 "And further informed this house that as a member of that liouse, by 
 name Robert Burle, did acknowledged that paper would i-eflect upon 
 him, and that therefore the Lower House did desire that that member 
 might be suspended from voting as a member till he had purged 
 himself. 
 
 "Unanimously voted by the Upjter House that that person, viz: 
 Robert Burle. should be suspended from sitting till he had purged 
 himself, and that this vote lie seat to the said Burle. 
 
 "Then came two memliers of the Lower House, and said that 
 the Lower House desired that Robert Burle might be forthwith tried. 
 
 "Ordered, That a conference be dfesired immediately with the 
 Lower House. 
 
 "At a conference the Upper House did satisfy the Lower House, 
 that Robert Burle is not to lie tried liy an assembly, but at a Provin- 
 cial Court regularly. 
 
 "Friday, the 4th of April. 
 
 "Then came Robert Burle and preferred the following petition and 
 acknowledged his hearty sorrow for his faults concerning the mutinous 
 and seditious expressions in the libel contained, which he penned and 
 was published at Anne Arundel 
 
 "To the Right Honorable, the Lieutenant General and to the Hon- 
 orable Philip Calvert, Esq., Councellor, and to the Honored Council. 
 
 "The humble petition of Robert Burle, showeth, 
 
 "That whereas your petitioner is adjudged by your honors and by 
 the Burgesses to have committed great transgression, and tliat of a 
 high nature, which he hath committed inconsiderately through in- 
 firmity and weakness, for which he declareth himself to be heartily 
 sorry and humbly prayeth your honors to pardon and to pass by his 
 great offence and conceiving himself to be the first offender since his 
 
 * Archives oC Md. Piviceeii iiiL,'.^^ of Assembly, p. 427. 
 
 4
 
 50 "TheAscientCity.'' 
 
 Lordship's arrival, humbly praveth for ford veness which maybe for 
 tlie Honor of liis Lop.t and shall engage your petitioner to better 
 fidelity, loyalty, and faithful obedience, and shall ever engage the pe- 
 titioner to pray for your honor's prosperity. 
 
 '•Ordered, That tire said Burle do forthwith go to the Lower House 
 and ask pardon for liis fault, and that the clerk of the Lower House 
 be desired to see his submission recorded in their journal. 
 
 '•The Lower House sent to desire to know whether Robert Burle 
 might be admitted to sitt with them again. 
 
 ''The Lieutenant General left it to their discretions." 
 
 The exact contents of this paper are not preserved. It is apparent 
 the Lower House concluded to lot Mr. Burle remain a member of that 
 body, as his name appears among the list of delegates prefixed to the 
 acts" of assembly of the session of 1GG2. 
 
 t Loidfihip. 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 The Courageous Spiiiit of the Maryland 
 Settleks. 
 
 [1081."1 It was not alone in the tented field that that courageous 
 spirit, which has always characterized Marylanders, was evinced by 
 our early settlers, but in tvery position where manly deeds and noble 
 words were required, the hardy adventurers proved themselves men 
 worthy of the stock from whence they came. 
 
 Over and over again the Legislature of Maryland, the lower house 
 especially, showed a determined opposition to the encroachments of 
 the proprietary upon their just rights and liberties, and evinced that 
 determination in so marked a manner that proprietaries were com- 
 pelled to submit to their imperative demands. 
 
 This determination to yield no rights and to urge no unnecessary 
 privileges was strongly portrayed by the proceedings of the Assembly 
 which met in August, 1681. On calling the roll, there appeared 
 twelve vacancies in the lower house. The house thereupon addressed 
 the Lord Proprietary requesting him to appoint some officer, to whom 
 the speaker of their house might direct his warrants, to cause these 
 vacancies to be filled; until whicli "they humbly conceived them- 
 selves greatly incapacitated to act and do projtortionable to the great 
 trust reposed in them, and sufficiently to consult the graiul and 
 weighty affairs of the province." The address also complained about 
 his lordship having called but two members from each county when 
 four should have been called. 
 
 His lordship asked the presence of the lower house. On entering 
 the upper house, the Lord Proprietary said : "That by his proclama- 
 tion, by which they were now called, the law for four delegates is suffi- 
 ciently dissented to, and that otherwise, he would gratify their re-
 
 History ofAnnapolis. 51 
 
 qiiest ill issuing out writs for filling up vaccxncies." The lower house 
 was then i-cquested to unite with the upper house, with their members 
 then i)rescnt, and to proceed to business. 
 
 The lower house refused. Thereupon the Proprietary agreed that 
 writs might be issued for supplying the vacancies for the present, 
 provided the lower house would acknowledge it as a favor from his 
 lordship, and so enter it upon the journals. 
 
 Seeing the opportunity by a stroke of policy to secure a principle, 
 the lower house consented to make this entry on their journal, and to 
 agree to the election of two representatives from each county, jjro- 
 vided his lordship would consent that in all future vacancies, the 
 speaker should have the right to issue his warrant to the secretary of 
 the province to order elections to fill such vacancies ; otherwise they 
 declared their unanimous resolution, "to stand to, and not to recede 
 from the substance of their address, "and for the right of their speaker 
 to issue his warrant in case of vacancies, and that they had "made all 
 the condesccntions they can, without apparent violation of their 
 privileges," and they hoped that the upper house would concur 
 therehi. The upper house refused to grant this authority which they 
 thouglit • 'aimed at things wholly new and unheard of in this province. ' ' 
 
 The lower house answered this by declaring it a "'denyalof the just 
 and reasonable proposalls of this house for the future election of 
 deputies. &e.," and passed a unanimous vote, ''that it was the un- 
 dou))ted jM-ivilege of this house, that the speaker of this house issue 
 hii warrants," &c., and considered it '"a very unsafe, ill precedent to 
 proceed any further in the business of the session, and request his 
 lordshij) to api)oint some person to whom said warrants should be 
 directed." 
 
 Tlie chancellor thereujion was sent by his lordship to tlie lower 
 hotise to acquaint them "that he cannot but wonder how the lower 
 house of assembly assume to themselves a power here that is not only 
 new to us, and unheard of before in this province, but not practiced 
 in Virginia. Barbadoes. or any other of his majesties plantations," &c. 
 
 "His majesty hath the sole power to dispose of his conquests upon 
 tcrnas he jileases, &c., and desired to know their positive answer, 
 whetlier they would join them in the dispatch of l)usiness, promising 
 if they would, he would immediately issue writs to fill up the house 
 with four delegates from each county." 
 
 The lower house resolved, that if his lordship caused writs to issue 
 as j)romised, that t.;ey would "proceed upon such matters as shall be 
 recommended to them from his lordship." But at the same time, they 
 asserted "their rights and privileges, rather from the rules of England 
 than the imperfect proceedings of the nominated colonies, the first 
 being our inherent right — yea, and birthright, though born in this 
 provhice. 
 
 "To liken us to a conquered people, we take very heavily, and wish 
 we had not heard, and do wonder it should pass the upper house. 
 But, if the word conquest intends that we are subjects to arbitrary 
 laws and impositions, then we humbly take leave lo believe that 
 they are not Ms lordship's words, but the result of strange, if not 
 evil council. 
 
 "That his majesty has reserved for us the rights and privileges of 
 Englishmen, is that we iuoist upon."
 
 53 ''TheAncientCitt.'' 
 
 The Lord Proprietary, in reply to the last message from the lower 
 house. tli?claimed any intention to liken the freemen of Maiyland to a 
 conquered people, or subjeco to arbitrary laws or impositions, and 
 hopes that they may no way deserve that severe refieetion. and assures 
 thein that he had always "been ready to oblige and show his kindness, 
 to t.\e good people of this province :" and, as a further testunony of 
 it, f.ates his willingness to issue writs as desired, if the lower h use 
 will isk it of him "as a thing that will oblige (at this time) ^the in- 
 habiiants of this province, of whom they are representatives," _&c. 
 
 Thi lower house accordingly made the request, stating thtir will- 
 ingness "to leave off all disinitatlons about words," saying, it -'will 
 be a matter cf great content and rejoicing among to the good people 
 of thiti province," &c.* 
 
 Thu:i the "freemen of Maryland," as they were called, proved 
 theifiseives worthy of their honorable title, and gave abundant evi- 
 dence ol that love of liberty and courage to enjoy it which have cr.ar- 
 acterized the English speaking race, at all times, the world over. 
 
 ' Ki.iu 'ly's Ahum!,* tif Anu.ipoli?^, i--. 8() 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 Proviuexce Changed to "The Town, at Proctor's." 
 
 [1683.] Providence seems to have changed its name sometime he- 
 tween 1650 and 1683, for by an act of the Legislature of the last 
 named year, chap. V,® it .vas spoken of as "The Town at Proctor's," 
 and made a port of entry of the province. 
 
 The commissioners appointed by this act to execute its powers were, 
 soii.etirae before the 25th of March, 1684. to meet on the respective 
 lands, and to agree with and purchase of tne owners 100 acres of con- 
 venient lands, and cause the same to l)e surveyed, marked and stake '' 
 out, and divided into convenient streets, lanes, and alleys, with open 
 places to be left tor erecting church, chapel, market-house, or other 
 public buildings, and the remaining part of the said 100 acres, to 
 divide into 100 equal lots, marked on posts. 1, 2, 3, &c., to 100, of 
 which the owner of the land, to have his first choice for one lot. No 
 person to purchate more than one lot, during lour months after the 
 2oth of March, 1684, and the lots to be purchased by the inhabitants 
 of the con ty only. But if not taken up by them within the said 
 four months, tnen to be free to any person whatsoever, to take up the 
 same, paying the owner proportionably. 
 
 If the owners refused, or were disabled by legal incapacity to sell, 
 
 the co'cmissioners were empowei'ed to issue their warrant to the 
 
 sheriff, to summon a jury to value the lands, and the damage by them 
 
 assessed, was to be paid to the owners, by the parties taking up lots, in 
 
 iroportion to theii- lots. 
 
 * Bmcoh s Lriw.-.
 
 History o f Annapolis. 53 
 
 The eoniinissioners were empowered to summon the Surveyor-Gen- 
 erai, or liis Deputy, in the county, to survey and layout the "100 
 acres aforesaid," and to mark and stake out the same into 100 equal 
 lots, with st -eets. 
 
 After such survey, laying-out, and valuations, any lerson making 
 choice of a lot. and making- entry theieof, with the person appointed 
 by the commissioners, to keep tlie book of entries, and paying or giv- 
 ing security for payment of such sum, a's should be by direction of the 
 commissioners, rated upon such lot, and payable to the owner of the 
 land, and building on such lot one sufficient twenty foot square house, 
 at the least, liefore the last day of August, 1685, each respective lot 
 to be held of the Lord Proprietary, his heirs forever, under the yearly 
 rent of on- penny current money, for each respective lot ; the same, 
 or any other manner of settlement or building thereon, according to 
 the directions of I he act, was to invest the said taker-up and builder 
 with an estate of inheritance in the said lot to him, his heirs, and as- 
 signs forever. And also, upon tender of payment and refusal, the 
 said buildings as aforesaid, with proof of such tender avd refusal, were to 
 be binding to all intents and purposes, against the said parties so re- 
 fusing, their heirs, &c. 
 
 The conunissioners for each respective county, named in this act, 
 were to appoint a person to keep a book, wherein to enter down each 
 man's choice of any respective lot. 
 
 Tlie Surveyor's fee was- to be 80Ibs. of tobacco for each lot, to be 
 paid liy the taker-up. 
 
 In case the taker-uj) of any lot should refuse or neglect to build 
 within the time by this act appointed, any person whatsoever, might 
 take up the same, paying the tobacco first set on such lot, to tlie com- 
 missioner of the county, or to the person by them appointed to receive 
 the same, for the use and benefit of the said town, provided such 
 second taker-up begin to build such house, as was limited in the act 
 within one month after such his entry, and finish the same within six 
 months, which house, so built, should give and settle an estate of in- 
 heritance to him and liis heirs forever, on said lot. 
 
 Lots not taken up in five years were to revert to their original 
 owners "as in their first and former estate." 
 
 All ships and vessels trading with the province, after August, 1685, 
 were required to "unload their respective goods and merchandise at 
 such towns, ports and i:)laces only," as were in the "act before set 
 down and appointed, on penalty of forfeiting all such goods and 
 merchandizes by them landed, at any other places whatsoever, one- 
 third to his lordship, one-third to the benefit of the next adjacent 
 town in tae county where such offence shall be committed, and one- 
 third to the informer. 
 
 No mercliant, factor, mariner, or other person, trading into the 
 province, whether foreigiier or inhabitants, Avas allowed to traffic, 
 sell, or barter away any goods but at some of these legally appointed 
 ports and towns. l;»ut it was allowed for workingmen's wages to be 
 I)aid, and the inhabitants were permitted to buy at their own planta- 
 tions, necessary provisi:iis for their families, with any goods, &e., 
 bought at any the ports, or with goods by them purchased, imported, 
 and landed at any of the ports. 
 
 All goods and wares, of the growth, production, or manufacture of 
 the province, intended for exportation, had to be brought to one of
 
 54 ' ' ' T H E A X C I E N T C I T Y . ' ' 
 
 these ports for shipment, and all store-liouse keepers, having room for 
 storage, were required under penalty, to allow goods brought for ex- 
 portation to be stored, under rent of 10 11)8. of tobacco per hogshead. 
 The store-house keeper acted by tliis receipt of goods as insurer of 
 the goods, casualties by fire excepted. 
 
 "This effort to enlarge the "Town at Proctors," it appears, jiroved 
 futile, for, in 1694, commissioners, wdth similar powers, to those given in 
 the act of 1G88, were re-appointed to do these 'first works over again." 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 The I^[^EACHMENT of Major Tiio^rAS TRr:^rAN. 
 
 [1675.] The Siisquehannock Indians, at one time one of the most 
 powerful tribes in Maryland, had to retreat before the advance of 
 the ferocious Senecas, and, in 1675, the former located themselves in 
 the coun'try of the Piscattoways at the head of tlie Potomac. 
 
 Several murders having been committed by these Indians. i\Iary- 
 land and Virginia united in sending a force against them. Tlie troops 
 invested a fort occupied by the Siisquehannocks, from which during 
 the course of the siege, five Indian chiefs were induced, under offers 
 of friendship and promises of protection, to come into the colonial 
 camp, in which they were treacherously murdered. 
 
 This base condvict aroused the indignation of the jieople of Mary- 
 land, and Major Truman was impeached and ti'ied for murder in 1676. 
 
 The first article of impeachment declared : 
 
 "Articles against major Thomas Truman exliiVuted by the lower 
 house of assembly to the right honourable the Lord Proprietary, and 
 iipper house of Assembly.® 
 
 "We, your lordship's most humble, true, faithful and oljedicnt peo- 
 ple, the Irargesses and delegates in your lower house of assembly, be- 
 ing constrained, by necessity of our fidelity and conscience, in vindi- 
 cation of the honour of God, and the honour and welfare of your 
 lordship and this province, do complain and shew that the said major 
 Thomas Truman, late commander-in-chief upon an expedition against 
 the Indians at the Susquehannah forte, hath, by many and sundry 
 ways and means, committed divers and sundry enormous crimes and 
 offences, to the dishonour of Almighty God, against the laws of na- 
 tions, contrary to your lordship's commission and instructions, and to 
 the great endangering of your lordship's peace, and the good and 
 safety of your lordship's province, according to the articles hereafter 
 mentioned, that is to say : 
 
 "We find, upon rcading^your lordship's commissioi\ and instructions, 
 and the affidavits which we herewith send to your lordship and upper 
 house of assembly, and which we Inimbly submit to you lordship's- 
 examination and serious consideration.' 
 
 * .\vchive.<j of i[nri-hin(i. Assenibl.y Pi-ooeerlinj;s, p. ISo,
 
 H I S T O K Y O F A X X A P L I S . 55 
 
 "The first. That the said major Truraan hath broken his commis- 
 sion and instructions thus : that the said major Thomas Truman hav- 
 ing received six Indians sent out by the Susquehannahs as embassa- 
 dors to treat with him on the Sunday after the arrival of the Mary- 
 land forces, and received their paper and meddall,t by which we find 
 they were received as friends, and in amity with us, and had liberty 
 of going back to the fort, and were assured that no intention of force 
 was to be used against them, and that no damage should be done to 
 them, their wives, or children, and that they did, that night, go into 
 the forte, and the next morning did return again with the like num- 
 ber, only one Indian changed, and supposed to come on jaurpose to 
 treat, and not in any hostile manner, yet the said major Thomas Tru- 
 man, without calling any council of warr of your lordship's ollicers 
 imder his command, as he ought to have done, did, in a barliarous 
 and cruel manner, cause five of the said Indians to be killed and mur- 
 dered, contrary to the law of God and nations, and contrary to your 
 lordship's commissi<m and instructions." 
 
 The upper house after a "full hearing on both sides, and after read- 
 ing of the said major's commission and instructions from his loi-dship 
 and council," found Major Truman guilty as impeached, and ordered 
 a messenger to l)e sent to the lower house to di'aw up a bill of at- 
 tainder against him. 
 
 The lower house prescribed in the bill a fine as punishment. The- 
 upper house objected to a fine being levied for "such broad crimes," 
 and said ; "it will l)e much wondered by those who shall hear and view 
 our proceedings thereon, what shall be the cause why the same hath 
 been past over witli so sleuder and shghta punishment, being no more 
 than what crimes of a more inferior nature might have deserved." 
 
 The lower house replied to this by saying "that the said ^Vlajor 
 Truman, for his crime does not deserve death, in regard that several 
 circumstances that appeared at his tryall, extenuated his crime very 
 much, as the unanimous consent of the Virginians, and the eager im- 
 petuosity of the whole field, as well ]Marylanders, upon the sight of 
 the Christians murdered at Mr. Hinson's, and them very Indians 
 that wei'c there killed, being proved to be murderers, both of them 
 and several other Christians ; and in regard, also, that it appears to 
 this house tliat the said crime was not maliciously perpetrated, or out 
 of any design to prejudice the province, but merely out of ignorance, 
 and to prevent a mutiny of the whole army, as well Virginians as 
 Marylauders ; wherefore, this hoiise do not think fitt to recede from 
 their former vote.'" 
 
 Between the differences of the two houses on the subject, Major 
 Truman appears to have escaped punishment altogether. 
 
 t Very pvobahly th<isf> reoeiv^d when ihe\' in-cci - '.'<'-■ Ti'>-.uv "itM tlie" Pitri- 
 tan-i on the SeviMMi in 165-. 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 Removat. of tiik State Capital Ve():\[ St. Mary's 
 TO Annapolis. 
 
 [1094.] Plant a capital on any site, and it immediately throws out
 
 56 ' ' T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . " 
 
 its tendrils, and takes root in the hodj politic and in the affections of 
 the people. Time increases the depth of these roots, and diir.inishes 
 the clianees of their transplanting. History establishes the fact that 
 capitals are not easily removed from one place to another, and that a 
 State clings to the site of its ancient capital with almost religious 
 veneration. Catholic Italy, for a time deprived of its early 
 seat of government, at the favorable moment, put its armies in 
 motion, and headed by a son of the Church, thrusts the Pope into the 
 narrow confines of the Vatican, and seizes upon its ancient capital to 
 the joy of a Catholic people. 
 
 Maryland, since her settlement as a colony, has had but two sub- 
 stantial changes of her capital. Several temporary removals of the 
 place of the meeting of tlie General Assembly and the sessions of the 
 Courts have taken place, but from 1634, the year of tlie settlement of 
 Maryland, to 1083, "St. .Marie's," in St. Mary's county, remained 
 legally, and, most of the time, really, the venerated capital of Mary- 
 land. 
 
 The first evidence St. Mary's had that its treasured prerogative, the 
 possession of the capital, could be taken fr^^m her, was in 1654, after 
 the parliamentary couunissioners, Bennett and Claiborne, had reduced 
 the colony to obedience to the commonwealth — to which authority it 
 was never overtly disobedient. The Assembly, called by the Puritan 
 provincial authorities, met at one Richard Preston's i^ouse on the Pa- 
 tuxent Iviver, to which place the documents and records of the colony 
 had been remov. d. In 1650, wliilst St. Mary's remained the residence 
 of Lord Baltimore's Lieutenant in the Province, Gov. Fendall, Pa- 
 tuxent still continued the place of the regular meeting of tlie General 
 Assembly. St. Mary's, in the year 1659, was fully restored to all her 
 ancient prerogatives, and, in that year, the session of the General As- 
 sembly was held there. 
 
 St. Mary's remained undisturbed in her I'e-acknowledgcd honors 
 until 1683." wheft, through the remote-.ess of the town from the rest 
 of the province, its inconvenience, and expense of access, wiiich had 
 always l)eeu "felt and often complained of," slie was once more tem- 
 porarily shorn of her laurels. The will of the Proprietary and feel- 
 ings of" tlie people conspired to sustain. the privileges of this ancient 
 city ; but the former, in 1683, yielded to the desires of the long-sufi'er- 
 ino- people, and the Assembly was removed, with the courts and pro- 
 ■vineial offices, to a place called the "Ridge," in Anne Arundel county. 
 One session only of the General Assembly was held here. The i)oor 
 accommodations of the Ridge drove them hence, and tiie peripatetic 
 capital took up its abode on Battle Greek, on the Patux'ent River, 
 from wiience, after a session of three days only, it was again removed 
 to its old site, the city of St. Mary's. The Provincial Court found it 
 necessary to adjourn* also from the Ridge, from the want of necessary 
 accommodations. 
 
 Once more settled at St. Mary's, the Proprietary gave the inhabitants 
 of that town a written promise that the capital' "should not be re- 
 moved again during his life." Resting under this assurance the peo- 
 ple of StT Mary's had reason to feel secure in the possession of the 
 capital of the province, at least, for the uncertain duration of the pro- 
 prietary's life. Suljsequent events proved the vanity of human calcu- 
 lations upon this tenure. 
 
 *- McMahoirs Mmvlaud, u. 2f.i.
 
 HistoryofAnxapolis. 57 
 
 Providence, evidently, had a desire for the location of the seat of 
 govornnient within its limits very early in its history, for in 1G74, when 
 the Legislature was cousiderino: the propriety of erecting a State 
 Honse, prison, and office, at the Eidge, a member of tlie lower house 
 stated, aiid the house sent the message to the Governor and Council 
 that "there are seve rail persons of qualitie in Anne Arundel county 
 that will undertake to build a State House, prison and office at there 
 own charge onlie to be repaid by the countrey when the buildings are 
 finished and to build a House for his Excelency, at their own proper 
 costs and charges." The Lower House showed that it was fully ripe 
 for the innovation by voting "that it be necessarie and this house doe 
 petition his Excelencie accordinglie." 
 
 The U]iper House gave a sharp reply. It returned "answer to 
 which vote tlie Captaine General signifietli to the Lower House that 
 he. having by writieing allreadie declared his choice and the public 
 faith being allreadie passed, and conceivhigthat this Last Paper is noe 
 answer to the last message of this House tuching the Cuildings. doth 
 not tliinke fit to take anie further notice of the said Paper ; but that 
 the Lower House be desired to signefie to this House of what dimen- 
 sion the said Buildings are to be and then some persons will offer 
 themselves as undertakers of the same." 
 
 In 1089, William of Orange mounted tlie throne of England, and 
 Protestantism l)ecarae the ascendant religion in that kingdom. Lord 
 Baltimore received instructions to proclaim William and Mary, as 
 sovei-eigns, in the province of Maryland. He ]n-omptly obeyed the 
 connnand. His orders, however, failed to reach his agents in Mary- 
 land in pi'oper season, and, waiting to hear his mind in the matter, 
 the Proprietary's "timid deputies lost him his government by shirking 
 in a moment of emergency above the ordinary restrictions of law, 
 from the exercise of powers not nominated in their commission. "f 
 
 The instrument of the revolution in the province. was an organiza- 
 tion known as "An Association in arms for the defense of the Pro- 
 testant religion, and for asserting the rights of King William and 
 Queen Mary to the province of Maryland and all the English domin- 
 ions." .John Coode was the leader of the association. After a brief 
 struggle, the association, in August, 1G89, obtained entire possession 
 ■of the i)rovince. A convention was innnediately held in the name of 
 the association, and a full account of the proceedings and purposes ot 
 the organization was submitted to the King. 
 
 The King approved the revolution, and the province remained under 
 the autlioritv of the convention until April 9th, 1693. At that time, 
 in accordani'e with, the wishes of the convention. Sir Lionel Copley, 
 who had appointed the first royal governor of Maryland, assumed 
 control of the affairs of the province. He convened the Legislature 
 immediately. Notwithstanding the. governor counselled moderation 
 in legislation, the General Assembly commenced its work by throwing 
 a fire In-and in the province, in thanking the King for redeeming them 
 "from the arbitrary will and jjleasure of a tyrannical Popish govern- 
 ment under which they had so long groaned." A most gratuitous 
 and unwarrantable assertion. They followed up that charge, with 
 the establishment of the protestant religion in the ])rovince, and pro- 
 •viding for its support by general taxation. Lord Baltimore's agents 
 
 t Alc:M.ilion's MMi-ylnnd, p. 230.
 
 58 " T H E A N C I E X T C I T Y . " 
 
 were then prohibited from receiving port duties, and his colloetion of 
 his land rents was grievously interi'erred with. 
 
 The old city of St. JIary's, around which clustered all the historic 
 associations of early settlement, and which had been the permanent 
 seat of government since the existence of the colony, was immolated 
 in turn upon the altar of revolution. The town at this time, 1094, 
 contained about sixty houses — a number it had reached a few years 
 after its settlement. It had soon obtained its full growth. Stunted 
 in its early enei-gies, its vital powers were sajiped, and, at the [)eriod 
 when the removal of the capital was suggested, had Iweome "'a more 
 landing-place for the trade of its own immediate neighborhood." St. 
 Mary's had several disadvantages that presented the town unfavora- 
 bly to the body of Legislators. Situated at the southern extremity of 
 the province, it was remote from the rest of the inhal)itants, and the 
 expense and inconvenience, in those days of incommodious traveling, 
 attended access to, and egress from the place. Besides its local dis- 
 advantages, it had one feature to discommend it to the partizans of 
 that day. Its people were Catholics, whilst the Legislature was [lecu- 
 liarly Protestant, at least, as far as illiberal men could represent 
 protestant principles. With all these against it. there is no wonder 
 at the i-esult, although a State House of resi)ectable dimensions at St. 
 Mary's indicated what expense would attend the loss of one capitol, 
 and the building of another. 
 
 The place contem])lated as the new capital was the "Town at Pi-oc- 
 tors," now Annapolis. This place, as we may judge from an almost 
 contemporary description of it, was not so large even as St. Mary's 
 but, by an act of the Legislature of 1683, it had been created as a town 
 and port of entry. In 1004, previous to the removal of the capital, it 
 was named, "Anne Arundel Town," and was made the residence 
 of the district collector, the naval officer, and their deputies, "for the 
 dispatch of shipping." Passing ahead of the period of which we are 
 writing, we quote a description of the town penned about six years 
 later. It reads, "Col. Nicholson has done his endeavor to ma Ice a 
 town of that place. There are about forty dwelling housi's in it, 
 seven or eight of which can afford a good lodging or accommodations 
 for strangers. There are also a State House and a free school, built 
 of brick, which make a great show among a parcel of wooden houses, 
 and the foundation of a church is laid, the onlybrick church in Maryland. 
 They have two market days hi a week ; and' had Gov. Nicholson con- 
 tinued there a few months longer, he had brought it to i)erfection;"| 
 
 The people of St. Mary's were not disposed to let this valued 
 treasure slip from their grasp, witiiout making the most stivnuous 
 efforts to retain it. They turned their eyes toward Gov. Nicholson, 
 lifted up tiieir hands, and. easting themselves at his feet in an 
 agony of desj:eration, as tlieir only^hope, prayed him for succor in this, 
 the day of their calamity. They directed a petition to him as "his 
 Excellency," and as "Captain General and Governor in chief, in and 
 over this, their Majestys' province and Territory of Maryland." The 
 address began, "The Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, Common Council- 
 men, and Freemen, of the city of St. Mary's in the said province, and 
 principally, from the bottom oi their hearts, they rejoice in your Ex- 
 cellency's happy accession to this, your Government ; and sincerely 
 
 t Oli'm xon's Hi<tory of V'ii'f inin.
 
 History ofAnnapolis. 5& 
 
 pray for your peaceable and quiet enjoyment thereof, and long and 
 prosperous continuance therein for the Glory of God, their Majestys' 
 serrice. the good and benefit of their subjects, and your own particu- 
 Lir comfort and satisfaction." 
 
 The petition then proceeds to supplicate the Governor to continue 
 to the petitioners "their ancient franchises, rights, and privileges, 
 granted them by their charter with such other benefits and advantages 
 as l^ath been accustomed and generally allowed, and, from time to 
 time, continued to them by your [)redecessors, riilers, and governors 
 of the province. hum})]y offering and proposing to your Excellency 
 these following reasons as motives inducing thereto." 
 
 These reasons were classed under sixteen heads. The first, in full : 
 
 "Iniprimiis, As that it was the prime and original settlement of 
 the province, and from the first seating thereof for above sixty years 
 hath been the antient and chief seat of Government." 
 
 The second reason was 1)ecause Lord Baltimore had conferred on it, 
 in consideration of the above fact, especial privileges. 
 
 The third paragraph set forth that the capital should remain where 
 it was, because "the situation in itself is most pleasant and healthful, 
 and naturally commodious in all respects for the purpose, being plen- 
 tifully s,nd well watered with good and wholesome springs, and almost 
 encompassed around with harbor for ship])ing, where five hundred sail 
 of sliip, at least, may securely ride at anchor before the city." The 
 town also contained, this section«nsserted, excellent points of land on 
 whicli to erect fortifications to defend the said shipping, and for the 
 preservation of the "public magazine and records of the province." 
 
 The fourth argument recited that the capital ought not to be re- 
 moved, because, liyan act of the Legislature of 10G2. land was bought, 
 and in 1674. the Legislature passed an act to build a State House and 
 a prison, which cost the province ;jOO,000 pounds of tobacco ; and in 
 the next asserted that tlie inhabitants of St. Mary's had made and 
 paid a free ottering of 100,000 pounds of tobacco to build Lord Balti- 
 more a house adjacent to the town. 
 
 The si^ th and seventh paragraphs recounted the removal of the Leg- 
 islature and Courts to the Kidge in 1683, and those inconveniences 
 that brought again the capital to the "antient seat of government." 
 
 The eighth reason given was that, for the encouragement of the in- 
 habitants I f St. Mary's to make provision for the accommodation of 
 the persons who would be called to the toAvn by public business, Lord 
 Baltimore promised the seat of government should not be removed 
 from St. Mary's diiring his life. 
 
 The ninth section states that "upon which encouragement given, 
 several of the Inhabitants of the said city have launched out, disbursed 
 considerable estates to their great impoverishment and almost utter 
 ruin, if they should bo defeated of such, their promised encourage- 
 ment, and not only so. but divers others tlie inhabitants for several 
 miles about contiguous and adjacent to the said county, upon the 
 same encouragement of his Lordship, have seated themselves iipon 
 mean and indifferent lands, and laid out their estates, and made im- 
 provements thereon, barely for the raising of stock wherewith to sup- 
 ply the said city for the end and purpose aforesaid, which is now be- 
 come their whole and only dependence for their future support and 
 maintenance."
 
 60 " T H E A X C 1 E -X T C I T Y . ' ' 
 
 The tenth paraf,'raph laid down the advautages of St. Mary's, as to 
 its convenience for masters of vessels and others coming in and going 
 out of the province, for the dispatch of letters and expresses, its ac- 
 cessilileiiess from Patuxeut and Potomac Tlivers, and the "Main Pjay." 
 and the colony of Virginia, "with whom" the petition affirmed, '•niii- 
 tnal intercourse and correspondence is most undeniably necessary and 
 material. ' " 
 
 The eleventh reason given announced that the capital should not be 
 removed because Gov. Copley liad been required to enter upon his 
 gul)eruatorial duties at St. Mary's I 
 
 The twelth set forth that "scarce any precedent can be produced of 
 so sudden a change, as the removal of the antient and chief scat of 
 government, upon the careless suggestion and allegation of some i)ar- 
 ticular persons for their own i)rivate interest an advantage ;" and evi- 
 dently to array Gov. Nicholson upon the side of St. Mary's, the peti- 
 tioner^ flattered him with the soft impeachment tliat the removal of 
 the capital was invested with him as their majestys' representative, 
 and, at his Excellency's "feet," continued tlie petitioners, "we humbly 
 cast ourselves for relief and support against the calamities and ruin 
 wherewitli we are threatened, and wholly relying upon your Excel- 
 lency's grace and favor therein, witii whom, we also conceive, should 
 be good manners in all persons first to treat and in terceed. lieforethey 
 presumi! to make any peremptory result, in case of so high a nature 
 as this may be." 
 
 The thirteenth and fourteenth paftigraphs reminded the Governor 
 that, in 1693, "it was put to the vote of a full house, whether the 
 holding of the Courts and Assembly at Saint Mary's were a grievance, 
 or not. and caPi'ied in the negative," and they, the petitioners "hum- 
 bly conceive that house did well consider all difficulties and outlays, 
 losses, anl expenses to be incurred in moving the capital, besides the 
 hazards and casualties of removing and transporting the records from 
 one ))lace to another, of which already some experience hath been 
 had." 
 
 To meet all the objections of inconvenience of travel to the "antient 
 and cliief seat of government," the petitioners offered to provide as 
 soon as possible "a coach, or caravan, or both, to go at all times of 
 public meeting of xVssemblies and Provincial Courts, and so forth, 
 everyday, daily, between St. Mary's and Patuxent River, and at all 
 other times, once a week, and also to keep constantly on hand a dozen 
 horses at least, with suitable furniture, for any person, or persons, 
 having occasion to ride post, or otherwise, with or without a guide, to 
 any jjort of the province on the Western shore." 
 
 The sixteenth and concluding paragraph argued that the objection 
 that St. Mary's was not in the centre of the province, and, therefore, 
 not suitable as the capital, was conspicuously untenable from the 
 fact that the Imperial Court is held in London, "as far from the cen- 
 tre of England as St. Marie's in this province ; Boston, in Xew Eng- 
 land : Port Royal, in Jamaica ; Jamestown, in Yirginia ; and almost 
 all other, their ^Majesties American plantations, where are still kept 
 and continued in their first antient stations and places, the chief seat 
 of ijovernmeut and courts of judicature." 
 
 Then follow the names of the Mayor, Aldermen and Councilmen of 
 St. Maries, with the freemen thereof, among the latter being thai of 
 John Coode.
 
 History ofAnnapolis. 61 
 
 After the signatures comes an especial sop for the governor's vanity, in 
 which the same parties hojaed that the reasons and motives herewith 
 offered to his Excellency and the Council will prevent their assent to 
 the contemplated law, and affirmed that they placed their reliance on 
 "his Excellency's known experience, assisted by so worthy a council." 
 They urged again that it was a royal prerogative only to change the 
 seat of government, and when that authority was invaded "the State 
 is in a confusion." Knowing their Majesties' respect for the riglits 
 of their subjects, as "sufficiently evidenced by their placing a person 
 of your Excelltucif s k)ww/t, regard to the same at the helm of the gov- 
 ernmetif, tlie petitioners do humbly conceive that it is not consistent 
 with the rules of gratitude for so great a blessing, as to pass a law 
 whicli your petitioners are well informed, is an apparent incroach- 
 ment upon their Majesties' prerogative." 
 
 They supplemented their lengthly review of the case witlia jirayer, 
 which showe.'l how solicitous the people of St. Mary's were for the 
 reputation of the State. "Least," said the petitioners, "the province 
 may be so blamed as to have it said that it was the first of the Ameri- 
 can jjlantations, that offered violence to the prerogative of so worthy 
 a prince," tliey ask that the governor will reject the bill, until, at 
 least, leave be first obtained from his Majesty. An apology for |mttiug 
 with so much freedom his Excellency in mind of a matter whir-li tliey 
 knew was his "chiefest care to preserve," concludes the paper. The 
 Grovernor sent the petition to the lower house. 
 
 The quaint and jeering reply of that body to this petition was found- 
 in a yellow and musty MS, at the Land Office, Annapolis, Md. It is 
 quoted entire : 
 
 "By the Assembly, Oct. the 11th, 1694. 
 
 "This House have read and considered of the petitions and reasons 
 of the Mayor, Aldermen, and otliers, calling themselves Common 
 Council and Freemen of the City of St. Maries, against removing the 
 Courts and Assembly of, from this Corner and poorest place in the 
 province, to the Center and best abilitated place thereof. Although 
 wee conceive the motives tliere laid downe, are hardly deserving any 
 answer at all, many of them being ((.gainst the plain mcMer of fact, 
 some against reason, and all against Generall good and wellfaire of 
 the province : yet, because your Excellency has been pleased to lay 
 them befoi'e us, wee humbly retnrne this, our sence of the same, that 
 as to the 1:2:3:4:5:6:7: and 8 : Reasons, relating to what his 
 Lord Proprietary has thought fitt to doe to the city of St. Maries, it 
 is noe Rule, nor Griiide to their Majesties, your Excellency, nor this 
 house. Itt seemes in some parts to reflect on his Jjord Proprietary 
 raoi-e than this house believes is true, or deserved by his Lord Proprie- 
 tary. 
 
 "2. As to the 9 : this house say that it is against the plain matter 
 of fact, for wee can decerne noe Estate, either laid out, or to lay out 
 in, or about this famous City comparable with other parts of this pro- 
 vince. But they say, and can make appeare that there hasl)een moore 
 ^loney spent here, l3y three degrees or more, than this city and all the 
 inhabitants for tenn miles round is worth, and say that having liad 
 <)Oty-odd years experience of this place, and almost a quarter part of 
 the province devoured by it, and still, like Pharoah's kine, remain as
 
 C2 " T H E A X C I E X T C I T Y . ' ' 
 
 at first, they are discouraged to add anymore of their substance to 
 such ill improvers. 
 
 "As to the Tenth and Eleventh, wee conceive the being of St. 
 Maries soe neare Virginia, is not soe great an advantage to the pro- 
 vince, as the placeing the Courts in the Centre and Richest part of 
 the same, which is noe great distance from thence of Virginia either, 
 and nearer Xew York and other Governments which wee have as 
 much to doe with as Virginia, if not^more. and the place as well 
 watered and as Commodious in all respects as St. Maries, which has 
 only served hither to cast a Blemis> upon all the rest of the province 
 in the Judgment of all discerning strangers who, perceiving the 
 meanness of the head, must rationally judge proportionably* of the 
 body thereof. 
 
 "To the 12 : 13 : and 14 : they say that they doe not hold themselves 
 accountable to the Mayor and his Eretheru for what they doe for their 
 countrey's service, nor by what measures they do tlic same, nor what 
 time they shall take to doe it in, nor for what reasons ; and are, and 
 will be as careful! of the records and properties of the people, as the 
 proprietary. 
 
 "To the loth : the house s;iy the petitioners offer faire as they have 
 done formerly ; but never yet performed any, and this house believes 
 that the Generall welfare of the province ouglit to take place of that 
 sugar plum of all the Mayor's Coaches, who, as yet, has not one. 
 
 "To the 10 : this house conceive that the citty of St. Maries is very 
 unequally rankt with London, Boston, Port Royall, &c. 
 
 "All which wee humbly offer to your f]xcellency's juditious Con- 
 sideration." 
 
 All the honeyed words of flattery that fell from the lips of the pe- 
 titioners upon the ear of his "Excellency," w«re also unavailing. On 
 the reception of tlie answer of the House of Delegates, the council 
 tersely recorded its view of the matter, in this brief paragra])li — "This 
 Board concur witli the said answers made by tlie House of Burgesses." 
 
 The removal was consummated the ensuing winter, and the Assem- 
 bly met first on the 28th of February, 1G94, (old style,) in its new 
 capital. 
 
 The archives of the province, which were the objects of such disin- 
 terested solicitude on the part of the peojile of St. Mary's were ordered 
 to be carried "in good strong bags, and to be secured with cordage 
 and hides, and well packed — witli guards to attend them night and 
 day, to be profecfed froDh all accUhiits, (!) and to be delivered to the 
 Sherifl: of Anne Arundel County at Anne Arundel Town." These re- 
 cords reached Annapolis in the winter of 1G94-9.'j. 
 
 * Thi.'' word is touml in a hiier copy. In the e^ rlier records it seems to he 
 "exporconably."' 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 Chronicles of Annapolis from 1GU4 to 1700. 
 
 [1694.] By chapter 8, acts of 1694, passed Oct. 18th, the name of 
 •'Town-Land at Proctors," now Annapolis, was changed to the "Town 
 and Port of Anu-Arundel." The commissioners by the act of 1694
 
 II I STORY OF Annapolis. 63 
 
 were IMajor John Ilammoud, Major Edward Dorsey, Mr. John Ben- 
 nett, INfr. John Dorsey, Mr. Andrew Norwood, Mr. PhiHp Howard, 
 Mr. James Sandei's, and tl\e Honorable Xicholas Greenbury, Esq. Tlie 
 concluding section of this act, appointing the commissioners, says: 
 "That, at the Town and Port at Severn in Anne Arundel county, shall 
 be bought or valued by the Jury as before in this act is mentioned, all 
 that parcel or neck of Land within Leary Neck-Cove* and Acton's Covef 
 lying and adjoining, or near, to the said Town as aforesaid, or so much 
 thereof as by the commissioners shall be found convenient, to be fenced 
 in and called The Town Common, or Pasture, and paid for, and fenced 
 in at the Public Charge: xVud shall be for the public use and service, 
 when need shall require, and that the inhabitants of the said Town 
 shall not raise any of cattle or hogs, horse's or sheep, more than what 
 they can contain and raise upon their respective lot or lots, and not 
 more, at the discretion of the commissioners." 
 
 This same act also constituted Ann-Arundel town a port of entry 
 and place of trade, and made it the place of residence of the collector 
 of tlie district, naval officer, and their deputies, "for the dispatch of 
 shipping." 
 
 [KJOo.] Dignified with the seat of government, Annapolis put on its 
 honors with the stir of a new vitality. The Legislature ordered one 
 or moi'u places to be laid out and reserved as ship-yards, and passed 
 an act giving Anne Arundel the Town the more euphonious title, of An- 
 napolis, "Chap. II of this session enacting that the- port shad for ever 
 hereafter be denominated, called and known by the Name and Port of 
 AnuaiJolis, and by no other Name or Distinction whatever." 
 
 The first session of the Legislature in Annapolis was held in the 
 house of Major Edward Dorsey, begining on February 28, 16!)4, 0. S.. 
 (orl(i!jr),N.'S.) 
 
 One day during this session, the Legislature adjourned in a body to 
 an ale-house, if, for other than the inferential reason, is not stated ; but 
 the alt'air excited the indignation of Governor Francis Nicholson. 
 
 Brick clay of good quality having been discovered near Annapolis, 
 contracts were made with Casper Aiigust Herman, a burgess from 
 Cecil, for building the parish church, school-house, and Stadt-house.* 
 
 This Assembly voted "that a publique ferry be kept upon Severn 
 river at; Annapolis, for the accommodation of the publique." Allen 
 Robinett was appointed keeper of the ferry and was required to reside 
 in Annapolis, and for his services was paid 9000 pounds of tobacco 
 a year, out of the public revenues. This ferry was maintained by the 
 Anne Arundel county authorities to the year 1887, when it was super- 
 seded by a bridge. 
 
 In the act of 1695, "for keeping good rules and orders in the Port of 
 Annapolis," it was enacted that "for encouragement of all sorts of 
 tpadesmen, or men of calling, to come and inhabit the town aforesaid, 
 * ■;■:- « » * tiiat when any baker, brewer, tailor, dyer, or any such 
 tradesmen, that, by their practice of their trade, may any ways annoy, 
 or disquiet the neighbors or iidiabitants of the town, it shall and may 
 be lawful for the commissioners and trustees aforesaid, to allot and 
 appoint such tradesmen such part or parcel of land, out of the pre- 
 sent town pasture, as to the said commissioners shall seem meet 
 
 * In Gi-Avevard Creek, 
 tin ^pR Craek. 
 
 * ytale-houjfe.
 
 64 ''TheAncientCity.'' 
 
 and convenient for the exercise of such trade, a sufficient distance 
 from the said town as may not be annoyance thereto, not exceeding 
 the quantity of one lot or acre of land to any one tradesman afore- 
 said. And provided, the same trade and lots of land for that use, 
 may be as near together and CQutiguous as the nature of the trade will 
 allow, without hindering or Etitrhoying one another, which said ap- 
 pohitment and parcel of land aforesaid, allotted by the commissioners- 
 and trustees aforesaid, shall be to such pers;ons, tradesmen, and their 
 heirs for ever, and to the maintenance of such trades and not others." 
 
 [1690.] In this year, the Legislature passed an act for '"keoping 
 good rules and order" in the town of Annai)olis. and Gov. Nicliolsou, 
 the Honorable Sir Thomas Lawrence, the Honorable Nichohis Green- 
 bury, the Honorable Thomas Tench, Major John Hammond, Major 
 Edward Dorsey, Mr. James Sanders, and Captain Richard Hill, or any 
 live of them, were made the body corporate for the town. The same 
 act gave Governor Nicholson a lot of land within the town connnon, 
 "for planting or making a garden, vine-yard, and sunmier-house." 
 This land comjjrised all that part of the town beginning on the iu)rth. 
 east side the present dock, (then called Nicholson's Cove,) running 
 with a straiglit line to East street, with the said street to State House 
 Circle, with the Circle to Francis street, then down Francis to Cliurch, 
 down Church to the south east side of the dock. There stood within 
 the lines of this lot, until fifteen years since a house, for many years 
 occupied by Mrs. liichard llidgely, which tradition says was the house 
 where the tirst Governor who lived in Annapolis resided. That Gover- 
 nor was Francis Nicholson. The house stood on the corner of Hyde's 
 alley and Cornhill street and was of frame and of an architecture 
 curious and ancient. 
 
 It appears from the same act that Mr. Richard Beard had made a 
 maj), or plot, of Annapolis. 
 
 The commissioners were authorized to erect a market-house and to 
 hold a market once a week, and a fair every year. 
 
 At the same session it was profjosed to have a Bridewell, "if any 
 person would undertake to build and keep it that all idle and vagrant 
 perpers may be taken up and put to work there." 
 
 The house declared, "that such Bridewell, or house of correction, was 
 very necessary and convenient, but that the present ill circumstances 
 of this province will not admit the beginning or carrying on of any 
 new building then already undertaken." 
 
 For tlie improvement of Annapolis, it was proposed and adopted by 
 the house "that ye townes poeple be empowered to purchase a com- 
 mon, and for tlie commissioners of the said town to make bye-laws, 
 with power to ifyne any persons, inhabitants committing breach 
 thereof in such summe to be ascertained. ' ' "To assess ye conduit made 
 at the publique charge. That the common be well i3leaned with ye 
 points of land, and ye place dividing the common to be well ditched." 
 "That an handsome pair of gates Kic. madeat ye coming in of the towue, 
 and two triangxdar houses built for ye rangers." "To liave the way 
 from the gate to go directly to the top of ye hill without the towne, and 
 to be ditched on each side and sett with quick setts or some such thing."* 
 
 "That part of the land which lye on ye creeke,t by major Dorisey's 
 
 * Ridtely's * niials <if Aiinapulis, i.. Do. 
 
 t Tliis creek puiSM'cl ii|j Kii't; GfOige .sireet I'.iid enterod the g.ii''li:i \\h le 
 
 It. S. II. Kenedy now ri'^idc--
 
 H I S T O R Y O F A X X A P O L I S . Go 
 
 house, whereby his excellency at present lives,* Ije sett aside for pub- 
 liqiie buildinccs, and if in ease the same happen to come within any 
 of ye said major's lotts, — propose that land be given him elsewhere 
 for it. 
 
 '"To have in the said towne two flairs a year, and persons coming 
 thither not to be arrested for one day before the said ffair and one day- 
 after. 
 
 '"That forty foot space be left along the water side within the port 
 of Annapolis, for any person to Ijuild warehouses upon if the owners 
 of sucli lotts that front upon the same do not build thereon in such a 
 tyme to l;)e sett." "That the holes made by grnbl^ing up stumps and 
 cutting off tops of stones in the said port of Annapolis be filled up." 
 
 It was proj)osed this session to build a ciiurch in Annapolis, and a 
 committee was appointed to "inspect into the proj)osals for building the 
 same." 
 
 ]\[ajor Edward Dorsey, from the committee, reported 'that there was 
 in Banck for building the church at Annapolis. £458 sterling. 'That 
 they had discoursed workmen, and the carpenter demands for his 
 work .£250 — the bricklayer, having all stuff upon the place. £220 — the 
 liriekmaker £90 — tliat they find no other means to raise money there- 
 for without the assistance of some charitable disposed persons'; That 
 the charge of building the said church will amount to £1,200 ster- 
 ling." 
 
 An was act passed the same day imposing a tax of "three pence per 
 hundred on tobacco, to continue and be in force until the 12th dav of 
 May. which shall be in the year of our Lord God, 1698, and to be ap- 
 plied to the building of ye church at Annapolis." The architect of 
 this church was Thomas Ffielder. 
 
 This year a Mr. Gaddess arrived at Annapolis, "being sent, out by 
 liis Lordship the Bishop of London and the house appointed him to 
 read prayers in some vacant parish, and made a provision for his sup- 
 port of 10.000 pounds of tobacco." 
 
 The legislature at its May session, in 1096, passed the act, establish- 
 ing at Annapolis the famous "King William's Scliool." "forthe pro- 
 pagation of the gospel and education of youth in good letters and 
 manners." At this school the distinguished William Pinkney was a 
 student. 
 
 ]Mr. Pinkney was a native of Annapolis, and his renown is naturally 
 linked with that of another distinguished lawyer and son of Annapo- 
 lis, Reverdy Johnson, who followed him in the classic halls of St. 
 John's, the lineal descendant of King William's school. These two 
 men, whose talents and renown have been the glory of the nation, 
 ought to have barbed the arrows of derision that conceited minds have 
 often aimed at the age and size of the ancient city. When the long 
 roll of America's illustrious names is called, the little hamlet on the 
 Severn proves its right to existence by pointing with just pride to 
 Pinkney and Johnson as the peers of any, in virtue, intellect, and 
 patriotism. 
 
 [1700.] A general visitation of the clergy of the province was held 
 at Annapolis, May 23, 1700. This was summoned by Rev. Dr. Brayt 
 
 * This is the house where Mrs. Margaret Marchniul now lives, 
 t .\llen's St. Anne's Parish, p. 34. 
 
 5
 
 66 ' ' T H E A N C 1 E N T C I T Y. ' ' 
 
 who had been appointed by the Bishop of London, commissary of 
 Maryhind. This convocation, the first held in America, is memora- 
 ble for orghiatiiig "the first missionary effort made by any part of the 
 church on this continent." The field selected was Pennsylvania — the 
 people the Quakers ! Three clergymen appeared at this convocation 
 from Anne Arundel. They were^Heury Mall, of St. Jame's. Ilerring 
 Creek ; Josepli Colbach, of All Hallows ; and Edward Topp, of An- 
 napolis. 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 The First State House in Annai'ui.is, 
 
 [1696.] "The foundation of the First State House in Annapolis 
 was. laid April 30. 1696.--- 
 
 [1697.] On the 11th of June, 1697, the Legislature passed the fol- 
 lowing:! 
 
 "Whereas, this Province hath been at great charge and expense in 
 the building of a State House, or Public House of .Tudicature, at this 
 Port ol Annapolis, which is now almost finished and completed, and 
 to the end that the said House and the several rooms and apartments 
 therein, may in time present and to come, be applied and appropriated 
 to the uses and purposes the same was designed for, and no other. 
 
 "II. Be it enacted by the King's Most Excellent Majesty, by and 
 with the advice and consent of the present General Assembly, and the 
 authority of the same, tliat the said State House ami the several rooms 
 and apartments therein, for the lime present and to come, be, and is 
 hereby appointed and appro]>riated to the uses and purposes hereafter 
 mentioned, and no other, that is to say, 
 
 "in. The great room below stairs, for courts and assemblies to sit 
 in ; the little room below the stairs to be for a magazine for everything 
 but powder to lie in ; the two rooms on the right liand above stairs, 
 for jury and connnittee rooms ; the two rooms on the left hand, to be 
 for provincial and land-office records to l)e kept ; and the fore-porch 
 to be for the commissary's office, and records of j)robate of wills and 
 granting administrations, &c., to be kept in; the two rooms on the 
 right hand in the upper lofts, one for tlie county clerk to keep the 
 county records in, and the other for jVnnapolis town clerk to keep his 
 papers in ; and the other two rooms on the left hand,- one of them for 
 keeping the records of the Chancery court, and the other for keeping 
 the records of the Governor and Councils in one part of it, and another 
 part of the same room for lodging of all bonds, bills, certificates, 
 dockets and other naval papers, transmitted from the Collectors antl 
 Naval Officers of this province. "'•■ * * * Tlie room above the 
 back-porch to be for the Clerk of the House of Delegates to keep the 
 
 T Bacon's L;iws. 
 
 • Allea's Hlatoiy of St. Anne's, p. 27.
 
 H I S T O R Y O F A X N A P L I S . G7 
 
 Jounials of Procejdiiiirs of that House in. ; and the loft above the fore- 
 jiorch over the Commissary's odice to be for hanging a lanthotii out. 
 and for a committee room." 
 
 Tlius disposing- of the apartments, the Assembly enacted that the 
 '•rooms he fitted up with all necessary and convenient boxes and 
 shelves, desks, and tables to write on. and at tlie door of every office a 
 bar be made, within which no person shall come, but the clerk of such 
 office, unless upon ura:eut and e-reat occasion." 
 
 "His Excellency. Francis Nicholson, his Majesty's present Crovernor 
 of this province, the Honorable Sir Thomas Lawrence. Baronet, his 
 Majesty's Secretary, and the Honorable Henry Jo wles, Esq.. Chancel- 
 lor of the province, and the Honorable Kenelm Cheseldyn, the Com- 
 missary General," wei'e made a committee to carry out the provisions 
 of this act. 
 
 [1699.] This State House had a brief and tra<j:ic history. On the 
 journal of the House of the 13th of July. 1699. is the followint;: : 
 
 "Memorandum, that on Thursday. July loth, about four or five of 
 the clock in the afternoon, a violent flash of lightninii: broke into the 
 State-house at Annapolis ; the House of Delegates being there sitting, 
 which instantly killed Mr. James Crauford, one of the members of 
 Calvert county, and hurt and wounded several other members, and 
 shattered and broke most part of the doors and window cases belong- 
 ing to tlie said house, and sett ye said State House on fire in one of 
 the upper chambers, and several other damages ; but the fire was 
 presently quenched by the dilisjence and industry of his Excellency, 
 Nathaniel Blackistone, his majesty's governor.''^ 
 
 [1704.] In 1704. the State House was burned down. Prom what 
 cause it was ignited is left to conjecture. Gov. Seymour in his mes- 
 sage on the suljject said : 
 
 "The late melancholy accident might have been prevented had my 
 often admonitions took place ; for I never saw any public building 
 left solely to Providence but in Maryland. I hope this sad experi- 
 ment will awaken yoixr care for time to come, and in tlie interim your 
 best considerations to secure the laws and records of your country for 
 the advantage and quiet of future generations. What is proper tol)e 
 done in rebuilding your Stadt-house. so very necessary for the accom- 
 modation of the public. I leave entirely to your own serious debates 
 and decision, for I have no other aim than the true interest and service 
 of your country. "'■■■■'■■ 
 
 This State House had been ordei'ed to be built bv the Legislature of 
 1694.t 
 
 t Kicisrelv'- Aiiiiah of Annaoolis p. 101. 
 ** Riairp|y"s .\nnHls of AniiMiiolis, p. 105. 
 + Ridgely's Annuls 1 1 Auiiiipolis, p. i);'..
 
 G8 ' ' T H E A N C I E X T C I T Y . " 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 St. Axne's Parish.* 
 
 1G93— 1887. 
 
 [1692.] This jKirish is one of thirty wliich were establisheil inuler 
 the Act of Assembly, of 1093. The loss of the first twelve pti^es of 
 the parish records has robbed us of much of its valuable history. In 
 the returns, however, of the several vestries in tiu- province to the 
 Governor and his Council in 1093, St. Anne's was designated !«y the 
 name of 3Iiddle Xeck Parisii, and consisted of the territory bet sveen 
 South and Severn rivers. 
 
 The destruction of these i)ages of the records of tlic parish has left 
 to speculation the origin of the name of tiie]jarish. There is, however, 
 liardly any doul)t but tiiat it was named in honor of tlie reputed mother 
 of the Virgin Mary, St. Ann ; and so designated because it wasa hajjpy 
 coincidence with the name of the Princess Anne, afterward (^ucen 
 Anne, of England. 
 
 [1694.] On the 8th of October, 1694. the Governor proposed to his 
 council that, at the port of Annapolis, a lot be laid off for the minister 
 nigh to where the churcli is to stand, and tiiat the minister beoliliged 
 to read prayers twice a day. On the 7th of May 1090, Mr. Coney, 
 supposed to be the incumbent of St. Anne's Parish, preached Ijefore 
 the assembly, and this sermon he was desired by tlie assembly to havL- 
 [)rinted. 
 
 [1690.] When St. Anne's returned its |)roceedings, as required by 
 ch. 3d, acts of 1096. under the name of Middle Xeck Parish, the taxable 
 persons in it were stated to number o74. Tiie vestrymen of the parish 
 were given as : Thomas 15land, Richard Warfield. Jjawrence Draper. 
 •Jacob llarnass, William Brown, Cornelius Howard. When King 
 William's scliool was established the same year, 1690, Rev. Peregrine 
 Coney, the supposed rector of St. Anne's, was one of its trustees. 
 
 On September 30th, the Lower House sent to the Uijper the follow- 
 ing message : "To show our readiness to contribute to the utmost of 
 our abilities to the service of God, in building a free church and school 
 at Annapolis, we have proposed and resolved, that out of the revenue 
 raised for the charge of the Province, by '3d per hhd, on tobacco, one 
 year's. re venue so raised be for defraying the charge of the church at 
 Annapolis." 
 
 The Lower House, preparatory to passing this Act, appointed a 
 I oinmittee to inspect the proposals for building the church ; which re- 
 l)orted that there was in bank for this purpose £458 sterling. Tiiis 
 had arisen from the sale of the tobacco which liad been collected. 
 They also reported that the church would cost £1200 sterling, about 
 87,000. 
 
 These were busy times in Annapolis. The State House, King Wil- 
 liam's School, and St. Anne's, for, on the 3d of October, the Governor 
 
 * For ilie evilly fact!.' of (his chapcer I am in..iiiily iii.iebte.i to Kev. Ktlian' 
 .Mien's History of St. Anne's Parish.
 
 History OF Annapolis. 69 
 
 was selected l)y the counoil to emjiloy workmen to Imild the eliurch. 
 were all in course of erection. 
 
 This was the first brick chiircli in Maryland, but not the first ]jlaee 
 of worship in Annapolis. There was a meeting-house of the Puritans 
 in Anna])olis thirty years before this and the records show there was 
 also a house dedicated to ihe service of God on Greenbury's Point that 
 also antedated St. Anne's. 
 
 [1G97.] On the :50th of June. 1697, a petition from Ruth Gregg was 
 laid before the Governor and his council. Rev. Peregrine Coney was 
 defendant. This document, with Mr. Coney's defence, was ordered to 
 be given to Mr. Carroll, "the said Ruth's procurator." The nature 
 of the coiii plaint has not Cf)me down to us, biit Mr. Coney appears to 
 have enjoyed, and never to have lost, the fullest confidence of Governor 
 Nicholson, wiio gave him the duty of issuing marriage licenses. His 
 sermons were frequently asked for publication by the Assembly. 
 
 [1699.] Gov. Nicholson selected the site of St. Anne's, and was the 
 active agent in its erection. Gov. Blacldston succeeded Gov. Nichol- 
 son, and, in tlie former's term, July 22, 1699, an Act of Assembly im- 
 posed a fine of £:>:5:l. 6 s. 8 p.. on Edward Dorsey for not fulfilling his 
 agreement to build the church : and another Act of the same session ap- 
 ])ointcd persons tn tieat with workmen to Iraild it. 
 
 [1704.] Rev. Mr. Topp followed as the second rector of St. Anne's 
 and Rev. James Wootten was tlie thii-d. and, in 1704. the vestrynien 
 were recorded as Co). John Hammond, Mr. William Bladen, Mr. Wil- 
 liam Taylard. Mr. Amos Garrett. Mr. John Freeman, Mr. Samuel 
 Norwood. An entry on tlie parisli records, ordering payment for 
 altering the gallery seats, shows that the church was finished. Thomas 
 Ffielder was tlie architect of the edifice. The entries in the parish re- 
 cords also discover to us that the first St. Anne's had both bell and 
 belfry, and a golden ball adorned the spire. 
 
 The church was Imild in the shape of a T. and was neatly finished 
 inside. The principal entrance faced east, tliat is toward the State 
 House. 
 
 [1706.] In 1706. the General Assem^ily, ever mindful of St. Anne's, 
 directed Tliat, of tlie three lots originally laid out within the city, one 
 should V)e for the rector of the Parish, one for the Sexton, and a third 
 for tlie clerk of the vestry and eommissary'-s clerk. The revenues of 
 St. Anne's were further exhanced by an order requiring 40 shillings 
 for every corpse buried in the church yard. This was the ground 
 about the church andis emViraced in the present circle. The grave- 
 yard extended l)eyond its present limits into the streets as excavations 
 "within its beds painfully proved a few years since. 
 
 The revenues at this period were exceedingly meagre, and it is es- 
 timated tliat in 1717 the rector did not receive over S850 per annum. 
 
 [1719.] May 15. 1719, the vestry of St. Anne's laid before the Lower 
 House of Assembly the grievances under which the parish labored. 
 The gravamen of their burden was that the parish church, 1)y being 
 built near tlie utmost verge of the parish, is hereby rendered very in- 
 convenient to a great part of the parishioners, some of these living 
 twenty miles, and others at a greater distance from it, so that were 
 "it not that the rector voluntarily goes up at apjjointed times and 
 preaches among them, a great juirt of them would be without the 
 lu'iiefits of a minister ; that to add to this difficulty the church is much
 
 70 • • T H E A N C I E N T C 1 T T . ' ' 
 
 too little for a parish church, many of the parishoiiers being obligecl 
 to stay at home for want of room, but that this is most visible at pub- 
 lic times, as we humbly conceive is apparent to the constant experience 
 of this Honorable House, that there is no visible way to remove the 
 first of these difficulties, but by contracting the parish into narrower 
 bounds, or dividing it, nor is there any means to remove the latter 
 l:)ut by enlarging the church, but no both these are rendered imprac- 
 ticable to us by some other difficulties which we shall take the liberty 
 of naming to your honors. ' ' 
 
 The first remedy was open, the report continued, to the objection 
 that the benefits of this parish are already so small, that it is l)ut a 
 bare support for "a single man in a parish," but to that is added that 
 behig '"Chaplain to the public," he "is uiuxvoidably exposed to much 
 greater expeuse than the benfits of the parish can defray" wliich lu\s 
 often been the cause of the parish being without a minister. 
 
 The second remedy could not be applied as the vestrymen had no 
 means with which to enlarge. The Legislature took no notice of this 
 P':inted applications for an increase of revenues. 
 
 At this time one family came thirty miles to church, having to 
 drive on Saturday into the neighborhood, so as to be able to reach 
 Cliurch on Sunday. 
 
 [1723.] iMay 7tli, 1723, Alexandria Prazier, Robt. Gordon, Thomas 
 Worthington, Vachel Denton, Joshua George and William, obtained 
 permission to build at their own expense a gallery at the west end of 
 the church. 
 
 [1727.] April 4th, 1727, several parishoncrsof St. Anne's, V. Den- 
 ton, Thomas Worthington, John Beall, and Pliilif) Hammond, with A. 
 Frazier, rector, obtained permission to build a chapel in the upper 
 part of the parish. This was asked on account of the mconvenience of 
 reachir.g Annaiolis for church. Tlie site selected was the head of 
 Soutii Kiver. No churcli. or chapel could be built in the province 
 without th- pe-mission of the Lord Proprietory, and he had delegated 
 his power to his Governor, Charles Calvert, who gave the requisite 
 license. 
 
 May 2nd, 1727, permission was granted to Mr. Richard Claggett 
 •'to erect a pew where the font st'.od," and on July 4, the vestrymen 
 granted permission "to erect a gallery over the pews appointed for tlia 
 gentlemen of the Assembly." On May 7, 1728, the following petition 
 on the same taibject was presented to the vestry as the humble peti- 
 tion vf some of the parishoiiers of said Parish : 
 
 [1728.] "That, in consideratioa of the s.nallness of the parish and 
 that there was muc i want of room, you were pleased to encourige 
 yo\;r parishioners l)y giving them leave sometimes since to build a 
 gallery tow;irds the north-east end of the taid church, and your peti- 
 tioners madi.- provisions according thereto, but some vestries after, we 
 understood you were inclined to enlarge the said gallery by making it 
 extend from near the jiulpit all over the assembly pews and over the 
 chancel, until it should reach near the Governor's pew, a design very 
 much wished for and of a general good and service, and by these con- 
 trivances the churcli may be made to hold almr.st as many abive as 
 below. And we are humbly of opinion, as we believe all good and 
 considerate men will be likewise, that the be ^t ornament to a church 
 is a good pastor and a large flock, we thank God we are blest with the
 
 HistoryofAnnapolis. 71 
 
 one, (Eev. John Ilnmphrey,) but want of room ob.itructs the other. 
 In consideration of which, we with patience waited to know your reso- 
 hitions, and, at leng-th, being ordered to go on with your first direc- 
 tion which we did accordingly till we were prevented by Mr. John 
 Beale, who told us not to proceed any further 'until further orders 
 We, therefore, having been at considerable charges, and loss of time 
 in proceeding with the said work according to your orders, humbly 
 hope your honors will take it into your consideration. And we beg 
 leave to know your commands, l)eing fully persuaded that it will l)e 
 most consistent to the honor and praise of God, and to the great benefit 
 and advantage of tlie said church and people. In hopes of which 
 with humble submission your petitioners as in duty bound shall ever 
 pray. 
 
 '•Richard Tootell. Simon Duff, Peter Werard, Wm. Ghiselen." 
 
 The vestry ordered the petitioners to proceed with the erection of 
 the gallery. 
 
 [1740.] In 1740, St. Anne's was enlarged, but this enlargement did 
 not accommodate its increasing congregation, and,' in 1741, leave was 
 given to build a gallery to hold eleven pews. 
 
 [1750.] In 1750, the assembly passed a tax bill to raise a 
 sinkuig fund to protect the colonists from border ravages by the 
 Indians. In the taxables were bachelors. A list from eacli parish 
 was ordered to be returned to the Government. The list in St. 
 Anne's Parish included Gov. Sharpe and Rev. John McPherson, the 
 rector of St. Anne's, who, not caring to determine whether they came 
 under the list of taxables. or rot. the vestry settled their status for them 
 by ordering them on the list. All over 25 years of age, assessed under 
 £300 and over £100 were taxed five shillings eacli, and the law re- 
 mained in force six years. Joshua Frazier, Richard Green and 
 Allen Quynn paid till 1751, Baldwin Lusby paid for 1756 ; Caleb 
 Davis and Emanuel Marriott for 1756-7, and Rezin Gaither, at the 
 head of Severn, for 1756-7-8. 
 
 [1756.] Those assessed over £300, were taxed 20s. each and Wil- 
 liam Stuart, John Ridout, John Gilliss, and Daniel Wolfstenhome, 
 Stephen Bordley, and Charles Carroll, barrister,' paid it for six 
 years. James Maceul)bin, Beall Nicholson, of Annapolis, William 
 Gaither, head of Severn, Charles Hammond, of Philip, and John 
 Griffith paid it for five years. Col. Benj. Tasker and Lancelot 
 Jacques ; paid the tax for four years. James Johnson, John Leadler, 
 and Zachariah Hood ; paid it for three years. Thelast was the stamp- 
 officer in 1765, and had to flee the city before the wrath of the people. 
 Moses Maccubbin and John Davis jiaid the tax for two years ; and S. 
 Lowe, Charles Cole, William Thornton, Charles Carroll, Esq., Dr. 
 Upton Scott, Robert Stram, Robert Conden, Benj. Beall, and John 
 Bennett paid it for one year. 
 
 Xon-attendance upon the services of the church about this time be- 
 came such a serious evil, that on March 6, 1751, the wardens of St. 
 Anne's gave this public notice in the columns of the Gazette : 
 
 "The Church wardens of St. Anne's Parish, in Anne Arundel 
 county, do here1)y signify that we shall be under a necessity of ob- 
 serving the Laws of this Province, and the Statutes of England, re- 
 lating to religious worship : and more particularly the 14th section of 
 the fh-st Elizabeth, Chap. 2, which oblige all persons, not having law-
 
 72 " T H E A X c I E X T C I T y . ' ' 
 
 ful excuse, to resort to tlicir Parish Church, or Chapel, ou every Sun- 
 day, and other days ordained and used to be kept as Holy Days, and 
 then and there to abide in decent manner, during the time of common 
 prayer, preaching, or other services of Uod ; and therefore request all 
 concerned to take notice. 
 
 ''.Samuel Howard. Cainaliel Butler, Church Wardens." 
 
 On the 29th of June 1701, an organ loft Avas ordered, the first men- 
 tion looking to the use of an organ in the church. 
 
 Uii the 2nd of February, 1708, the vestry ordered a search for the 
 deed of the parsonage, lot K in Annapolis. It Avas found, and was 
 dated 17o9. It was from Philip Key, of St. Mary's and Theodosea, 
 his wife, to the Eev. Alex. Williamson and vestry ; consideration 
 £20. The lot is described, as lying on the Southwest side of Hanover 
 St.. running South 156 feet, and Northwest 190, tlie whole correspond- 
 ing with the parsonage used until the present decade, and which is 
 now owned by Mrs. Owen A. Iglehart. 
 
 [1767.] It Avas at this period that St. Anne's had a notorious pas- 
 tor, the liev. Bennett Allen, the seventeenth incumbent. His was a 
 spirit born to intrigue and violence. A graduate and feilow of Wad- 
 ham College, Oxford, Ai)ril 20, 1767, he presented his letters of intro- 
 duction to the vestry from Gov. Sharpe. Mr. Allen was a jiarticular 
 friend of Lord Baltimore, who wrote Gov. Sliarpe to give him what- 
 ever he wished in the province. Mr. Allen liad his eye on All Saints 
 Parisli, in Frederick, which was wortli nearly 85,000 per annum, and 
 whilst he was waiting for the aged rector to drop into his grave, he 
 accepted St. Anne's. For a year all went well, the rector being held 
 in general esteem, and with lavish hand spending a whole year's in- 
 come to improve the glebe house. On the 24th of October. Mr. Allen 
 received from the Governor, a license as curate of St. James, Anne 
 Arundel, and the rector soon after dying, he received letters of induc- 
 tion and became its rector, w.alst still holding on to the rector- 
 ship of St. Anne's witli the consent of both vestries. Tnis permission 
 he obtained by unfair means, and for it received a challenge from one 
 of St. James' vestry. He also became involved in a quarrel with Daniel 
 Dulany, Esq., it is said, who visited him with personal chastisement 
 in the streets of xVnna]5olis. 
 
 [1708.] In June 1708. the rector of All Saints buiug dead. Mr. Allen 
 was presented with that parish. He was mobbed on the very first Sun- 
 day of his appearance, under the iuHuence, he said, of the Dulanys. 
 Mr. Allen resigned St. Anne's and after holding on to All Saints one 
 year resigned that also. 
 
 Allen wasa tory aYud. as by the bill of rights, the support of the 
 clergy ceased in November, 1776, he returned to England. There on 
 the 18th of June, 1782, he challenged Mr. Lloyd Dulany, formerly of 
 Maryland, but then in London, and killed hin'i. It is'said of Allen 
 that he died in wretched ])0verty. being intemperate anddegraded about 
 the streets of London. He is said to have Ijeen a man. not only of 
 finished scholarship, but of fine personal appearance and address. He 
 was, however, destitute of princijde and piety, profane, grasping and 
 haughty; "poor wretched maul""'" 
 
 [1770.] Nothing went on in Annapolis at this time that escaped the 
 eye or ear of the observant Eddis, who arrived in Annapolis, 
 
 t^Allen's Histury of St. Anne's.^
 
 History ofAnnapolis. 1?, 
 
 September 4th, 1770. "Understanding" he writes, "that I was in time 
 for divine service, I availed myself of an immediate opportunity to 
 offer up my fervent acknowledgement at the throne of grace. * '■■ 
 «• «■ The exterior of the church. (St. Anne's,) hao but little to 
 recommend it, but the congregation was numerous. The solemn 
 oflflces were performed with a becoming devotion, and my mind was 
 in perfect unison with the important duties of the day." 
 
 [1771.] St. Anne's was the only church in the city and notwith- 
 standing ii was the protege of the State, it was allowed to fall into a 
 I'uinous condition. Its minister often remonstrated with his congre- 
 gation and urged the repairing or rebuilding of it. Septembers, 1771, 
 the following poem appeared in the Maryland Gazette, addressed : 
 "To the very worthy and respectable inhabitants of Annapolis, the 
 humble petition of the old church, showeth : 
 
 "That, late in "century the last, 
 
 By private bounty, here were placed, 
 
 My sacred walls, tho', in truth, 
 
 Tlieir style and manner be uncouth ; 
 
 Yet, whilst no structure met mine eye, 
 
 That even with myself could vie, 
 
 A goodly edifice I seemed. 
 
 And pride of all Saint Anne's was deemed. 
 
 How changed the times ; for now. all round, 
 
 Unnuml)ered stately piles abound, 
 
 All better built, and looking down 
 
 On me (piite antequated grown. 
 
 Left unrepaired, to time a prey, 
 
 I feel my vitals fast decay ; 
 
 And often liave I heard it said. 
 
 That some good people are afraid. 
 
 Least I should tumlile on their heads. 
 
 Of which, indeed, this seems a proof — 
 
 They seldom come beneath my roof. 
 
 The stadt-house, that, for ])ulilic good. / 
 
 With me co-eval long had stood ; 
 
 With me full many a storm had dared, 
 
 Isl now at length to be repaired : 
 
 Or, rather, to be built anew. 
 
 An hinour to the land and you. 
 
 Whilst I alone, not worth your care. 
 
 Am left your sad neglect so V)ear. 
 
 With grief, in yonder field, hard by, 
 
 A sister-ruin I es{)y : 
 
 Old Bladens place, once so famed. 
 
 And now too well, "the tolly" named. 
 
 Her roof all tottering to decay. 
 
 Her walls a mouldering all away : 
 
 She says, or seems to say, to me, 
 
 •Such too, ore long, thy fate shall be.' 
 
 Tho', now forever gone and lo^■t, 
 
 T blusli to say, how little cost. 
 
 The liandsome pile would have preserved, 
 
 Till some new perfect had deserved
 
 74 «'TheAnciextCitt.'' 
 
 A mansion here, from us. to have 
 
 As good as Carolina gave. 
 
 But party, faction (friends that still 
 
 Have been the foes of public weal ) 
 
 The dogs of war against her slipped, 
 
 And all her rising honours nipped, 
 
 Of sunshine oft a casual ray, 
 
 Breaks in upon a cloudy day, 
 
 O'erwhelm'd with woe : methinks, I see 
 
 A ray of hope thus dart on me. 
 
 Close at my door, on my own laud. 
 
 Placed there, it seems, by your command, 
 
 I've seen, I own, with some surprise, 
 
 A novel structure sudden rise. 
 
 There let the stranger stay, for me, 
 
 If virtue's friends, indeed one be. 
 
 I would not, if I could, restrain, 
 
 A moral stage ; yet, would I fain 
 
 Of your indulgence and esteem, 
 
 At least, an equal portion claim. 
 
 And, decency, without my prayers. 
 
 Will surely whisper in your ears, 
 
 'To pleasure, if such care you shew, 
 
 A mite to duty, pray bestow.' 
 Say, does my rival boast the art 
 
 One solid comfort to impart. 
 
 Or heal, like me, pour forth the strain 
 
 Of peace on earth, good will to men ? 
 
 Merit she has ; but, let me say. 
 
 The highest merit of a play, 
 
 Tho', Shakespeare wrote it. but to name 
 
 With mine, were want of sense or shame. 
 
 Why should I point to distant times. 
 
 To kindred and congenial climes. 
 
 Where, spite of many a host of foes, 
 
 To God a mighty temple rose ? 
 
 Why point to every land beside 
 
 Whose honest aim it is. a pride. 
 
 However poor if be, yet still. 
 
 At least, to make God's house genteel? 
 
 Here, in Annapolis alone, 
 
 God has tlie meanest house in town, 
 
 The premises considered, I 
 
 With humble confidence rely, 
 
 That, Phenix-like, I soon shall rise, 
 
 From my own ashes to the skies ; 
 
 Your mite, at least, that you will pay. 
 
 And your petitioner shall pray." 
 The poeua accomplished wliat the pastor could not.r Tlie congrega- 
 tion resolved to erect a new church. 
 
 [1774.] The General Assembly was appealed to for aid, and at its 
 3Iarch Session. 1774, Chapter il, the General Assembly appointed 
 John Ridout, Samuel Chase, William Paca, Upton Scott,- and Thomas
 
 II I S T O R Y O P A X N A P O L I S . ^5 
 
 Hyde, trustees, for building in Annapolis, an elegant church adorned 
 with a steeple. It was to cost £G,000, and £1,500 was to be received 
 from the State. In return for it, there were to be provided a pew for 
 the Governor, a large one for the Council, one for the Speaker, all to 
 be properly ornamented, and other jjews for the members of the Lower 
 House, one for the Judges of the Provincial Court, and one for 
 strangers. One was also to be for the incumbent, one for the Wardens, 
 and one for the Provincial .luries. Wiien completed, the subscribers 
 were to choose their pews, preference being given to subscribers of the 
 largest amounts ; no one who subscribed less than £20 being entitled 
 to a pew. Then twenty pews were to be sold to the parishioners by 
 auction. There was to be a common gallery for the parishioners, one 
 for servants, and' another for slaves. July 1775, Mr. Woodcock was- 
 allowed £80 a year as an organist. The revolution prevented the 
 erection of the church, and the theatre was used to worship in. 
 
 "It wasnow," says the faithful chroniclerof St. Anne's, "a dark day 
 for the church in Annaijolis. Her church editice had been taken 
 down, her congregation scattered, her minister deprived oi his sup- 
 port" and the Parish was vacant. 
 
 "In the last twenty-six years, St. Anne's had the services of eleven 
 clergymen, not averaging two-and-a-half years to each one, yet no 
 one of them had died while in the service of the parish. It seems to 
 have been the Point-Look-out of the church in the province. All save 
 one had continued in the parishes, of which they became the incum- 
 bents on their leaving here, till tlieir death, or till the present time. 
 Malcolm, Keene, and Boucher were certainly eminent men in their 
 profession. One was indeed a bad man, and perhaps, two others were 
 of doubtful character. But Myers, McPherson, Edmyston, Mont- 
 gomery, and T. Lendrum. all were of fair, if not, of excellent standing. 
 Still, what had been gained, for the church. The population of the 
 parish had increased jirobably one-third during the period under re- 
 view, and wealth also had increased. But the theatre had been in- 
 troduced, and horse-racing, card-playing, dancing and drinking had 
 l)ecame unrestrained, and Co, ernors and office-holders had upheld 
 and patronized them, not less than did the proprietaries themselves, 
 and the church iiad shown itself powerless. And now, it was in the 
 dust, a time of retriuution had come, and everything was dark." 
 
 [1792.] The church was finally completed in November, 1792, eigh- 
 teen years after it was commenced. It cost £ti,000, nearly $:}0,000. 
 The church was 110 feet long, and 90 broad, and was surmounted 
 with a tower. On the outside were pilasters, which divided the wall 
 into panels, and long windows gave it, with its time-colored bricks, a 
 sombre, and religious appearance. Inside, the church was frescoed. 
 This church, with its modern panels and posts, in green and white, 
 encircling the yard, remained until the night of Sunday, February 
 14th, 1858, when it was destroyed by fire. This originated 
 [1858.] from the furnace below which ignited the flooring. About 
 eleven o'clock the ringing of the bell of the church 
 summoned the citizens to the destruction of this ancient edifice. At 
 first the bell seemed to be only the nine o'clock curfew ; but the dole- 
 ful cry of "fire," resounding through the dark and quiet streets told 
 another story. For two hours the flames, unseen and inaccessible, 
 lay hidden in their lairs, pouring forth volumes of stifling smoke.
 
 76 ' ' T II E A X C I E N T C I T Y . ' ' 
 
 This sluraljer, that deceived the hopeful, suddenly ended with the 
 flames flaring into the oeilinc, daitin<? from the roof, and leaping to 
 the tower. The faithful l)ell, that had not oca.-^ed from tlie 'oeginning 
 of the fire to peal its own requiem, broke the stilly atmosphere with its 
 doleful knell, the crackliuj; timbers joined the dirge, the pitiless heat, 
 sweeping through tlie organ, touclied its keys with fiery fingers and 
 made it sing its own death song, wliilst a passing steamer's sympa- 
 thizing bell and faithful women's tears attended tlie unexpected 
 calamity. In a few hours only tha l)are walls of St. Anne's remained. 
 The laborers employed to remove tlie rul)liisli from the site of St. 
 Anne's unearthed a tombstone l)earing tlie following inscription : 
 
 "ME111-] LYETIl THE IJODY OK JOHN THE ELDEST SON OF 
 EVAN .10NP]S AND MAKY HIS W1FI-: ^V110 DYED THE 3d of 
 7tber ANO d m 1716 AGED TWO YEARS. 
 Pe diuch nag wylucli yii gaetli 
 
 Dyfarucli 
 Darfu ty mihvrueih 
 llyii gnawd i hynny gwnaetli 
 Prudd ahvodd i jtridd eilwaeth." 
 The latter part of this inscription was in the Welsh language, and 
 was cut on tlie stone in very rude oiiaracters in lines perj)endicular to 
 the lines of the first part of the inscrii»tion. Mr. Josejih II. Bellis 
 translated it. He said it was a verse of Welsh poetry : 
 '•Do not, do not grieve to much. 
 
 lle])ent ; 
 I have finished my course. 
 This flesh of mine for that was made. 
 Earth called to earth again." 
 The stone was of rectangular shape,. aliout three feet long, one-and- 
 .a-half feet wide, and four inches thick, with bevelled edges. It was 
 steatite, nnd in excellent itreservation. 
 
 The following was copied from a stone which had been lying at the 
 east end of the church for many years : 
 
 "Here lietli interred the body of Mr. Amos Gabrett of tlie city of 
 Annapolis, in Anne Arundel county, in the Province of Maryland, 
 Merchant, son of Mr. .lames and 3irs. Sarah Garrett, late of St. Olive 
 street, Southwork. tlien in the Kingdom of England, now a part of 
 Orate Brittain, who departed this life on March the 8th, 1737. 
 .Etatis 56." 
 The sioiic was of white marble, and the inscription is below a coat 
 of arms consisting of flcur de lis and a grilliu rampant. 
 
 This inscription possesses interest to Annapolitans, from the fact 
 that Mr. Garrett was the first Mayor of our (*ity. He kept a store in 
 the house on Green street, now occupied by the Public School. * It is 
 said that after his death his body was arrested for debt, and kept for 
 seven days, as was allowed by an old law of England. 
 
 The third St. Anne's was rebuilt the same year the second was de- 
 stroyed. 
 
 Hon. George Wells, jiresident of the Farmers" Bank, and formerly 
 presiding officer of the JIarylaud Senate, was one of the Wardens of 
 St. Anne's when the furnace was put under the church. He remon- 
 strated against it, and when the edifice was burned, lie declined to
 
 History OP Annapolis. 77 
 
 srive anythiujr to rebuild it. So the church went up and thebellless 
 tower was finished. One day a thousand doHar bell was sent to the 
 church. The j^ood-hearted warden had kept Ids vow and also showed 
 his fxenerous sjnrit. 
 
 [1887.] A change has come over the spirit of her dreams since the 
 days when St. Anne's dragged paltry tithes from unwilling tax-payers 
 or threatened callous citizens with public pr(jsecution unless they at- 
 tended church services. 
 
 It is in the front rank of good works and charitable deeds ; its 
 numerous societies for the benefit of its parishioners attesting its zeal, 
 its piety, and goodly walk. 
 
 From the report of the rector of 188(J. Rev. W. S. Southgate, it is 
 found that St. Anne's has a Parish Church and two Chapels, 13 Sunday 
 Schools, 44 teachers, ;506 scliolars. During the year there were Bap- 
 tisms 00 ; Marriages 31 : Burials 44 ; Communicants 859 : Contribu- 
 tions for the vear (including completion of Chapel and repairs of Rec- 
 tory) $11,430. 
 
 St. Anne's Chapel, East Street, was begun in 1877 : lower story 
 being used for services in 1878. The Building was completed, as a 
 memorial of Alexander Randall, in 1886. Total cost about SO. 000. 
 
 St. Philiirs Chapel — a place of worship for colored people — origi-- 
 nally built by Zion Baptists, was l)ought a few years ago and fitted up for 
 the colored congregation now using it. It has about 85 communicants. 
 
 The bell, given by Queen Anne's, perished in the fire of 1858, but St- 
 Anne's retains one proof of its honorable age. The set of communion 
 vessels, now used in St. Anne's Church, consists of five pieces made 
 in Loudon by Francis G-arthoruc in 1(595. They are all of solid silver 
 and engraved with the arms of William III. 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 King William's School. 
 
 1696 1785. 
 
 •■For the propagation of the Gospel and the education of the Youth 
 of this province in good letters and manners," the act of 1696, chap- 
 ter 17, of the General Assembly of Maryland: provided that "place or 
 places for a free school, or place of study of Latin. Greek, writing, and 
 the like, consisting of one master, one usher, and one writing master 
 or scribe, to a" school, and one hundred scholars, more or less, accord- 
 ing to the ability of the said free school, may be made ejected founded, 
 propagated established under your Royal patronage." This act was 
 addressed "to his most Excellent Majestv, &c., Dread Sovereign," 
 William the Third of England. 
 
 This law further enacted, "that the most reverend Father in God 
 Thomas, by divine Providence Lord Archliishop of Canterbury, Pi'imate
 
 78 ' ' T H E A N C 1 E X T C I T Y . ' ' 
 
 and Metropolitan of all England, may be Chancellor of said schools 
 and that, to perpetuate the memory of your majesty it may be called 
 King William's School, and managed l)y certain trustees, to be chosen 
 and appointed by your sacred majesty to wit : as also by the following 
 trustees nominated and appointed ])y this present General Assem- 
 bly, That is to say, by your Majesty's said Governor, Francis Nichol- 
 son, Esq., the Honorable Sir Tho.nas Lawrence, Baronet. Col. George 
 Robothan, Col. Charles Hutchins, Col. John Addison, of your Majesty's 
 Honorable Council on this province : the Reverend Divine. Mr. Pere- 
 grine Coney, and Mr. -Tohn Hewett, together with Robert Smith. Kene- 
 lin Cheseldyne Henry Coursey. Edward Dorsey, Thomas Etuials, Thomas 
 Lasker, Francis .Jenkins, William Dent, Thomas Smith, Edward 
 Boothy, Jno. Thompson, and -Tolin Bigger, gentlemen, or the great- 
 est part, or the successors of them, upon and in a certain place of this 
 province, called Anne-Arundel Town, (now Annapolis,) upon Severn 
 River." 
 
 The trustees were given power to hold laud to the value of £1500 
 sterling and to accept all other personal eifects given for the support 
 of the various schools to be established under this act. The official 
 title of the boards of management of the various schools was "the 
 Governors, and Visitors and Trustees, " who were limited to twenty 
 and of whom "one discreet and fit Person shall be called rector." One 
 hundred and twenty-pounds per annum was voted to each free school 
 thus established. 
 
 In the proceedings of the House of Delegates, .July 3, 1091), the follow- 
 ing is found : 
 
 "The new elected members of this house give to tiio use of the free 
 schools, to wit : 
 
 £ tob. '\ 
 Mr. Jas Crawford, 1,000 | ,p,^^^^ gentlemen to be 
 Mr. Jenkins. 1.000 .discharged from their own 
 
 Mr. Wm. Hutton, 1,000 ,,,,)scri;tionsin their several 
 Mr. Wm. HeJmsley, 800 ,^,,„tyes." 
 Mr. Geo. Ashman, 800 
 
 Major Wm. Barber. 800, 
 This evidently went to King Williams schoal since these members 
 were to be discharged from "subscriptions in their several conntyes." 
 "Mr. Anthony Workman came before this house, (the same day) 
 and gave £150 sterling to the building of a liouse upon a lott whicli 
 his excellency had already given togther with tenn pounds sterlings 
 towards building the said house, which is to be enjoyed by the said 
 Anthony Workman during his natural life, and remayned over to the 
 use of the free schools. Also, the said Mr. Workman promised to 
 leave all improvements upon said lott in good and sufficient repair." 
 This house was built and Iving William's school succeeded to the 
 ownership of it. 
 
 Iving William's school was thus established at Annapolis. Gov. 
 Nicholson gave a lot and upon this the trustees immediately began 
 the erection of a brick school house. This was on the south side of 
 the State House, or court-lumse as it was often called, very nearly, if 
 not on the site of the De Kalb Statue. The name of School street, the 
 street that connects State House and Church circles — is doubtless a 
 memento of this ancient seminary of learning. It was a plain building, 
 
 I
 
 HistoryofAnnapolis. ''^ 
 
 containing besides school-rooms, apartments for the teacher and 
 his family. It was completed in the year 1701. The Bishop of Lon- 
 don, sent over Mr. Andrew Geddess to take charge of the school, but, 
 he, not finding it finished was sent to All Saints, Calvert county. The 
 earliest mention of an officiating master of the school is found" in the 
 recordsof St. Anne's jiarish. They record, "Wed, Xov. 9th, 1713. Rev. 
 Edward Butler, rector of St. Ann's, and master of the free school, 
 Annapolis." Mr. Butler was selected as rector April 14, 1711, and 
 the fact, that he was a resident of Annapolis before that period, lias 
 raised the presumption that he had been master previous to being 
 rector. 
 
 Unfortunately information regarding this interesting seminary, 
 "which educated the celebrated AVilliam Pinkney, is exceedingly 
 meagre. . The act of 1750, chapter 20, indicates, however, that the 
 school was not witliout friends and supporters. By authorizing the 
 sale of certain lands, it shows the school had some endowments i)eside 
 the £120 voted it as its establishment. This act authorized the rector 
 and visitors of said school to sell 650 acres in Dorchester county, 
 devised to them by Thomas Swithson, late of Talbot county, and also 
 several houses and lots in Annapolis "of which they are seized." The 
 rector and visitors were directed to lay out the money "arising from the 
 sale of said lands, and the said lots and houses in the city of Annapolis, 
 at interest on good security, for the use of said school, and apply the 
 annual interest arising therefrom towards the payment of a master, 
 masters, or usher of the said school, and to no other use or purpose, 
 whatever : saving to his majesty, the Lord Proprietary, and all others 
 not mentioned in this act, their several and respective rights." 
 
 By act of 1774. chapter 15. the "rector, governors, trustees, and 
 visitors of King William's school in Annapolis." were empowered to 
 receive any gift of lands or chatties, provided they were not to hold 
 beyond £200 annual income. By the same act any seven of the above 
 board were empowered to transact business in the absence of the rector. 
 The register of the school, also by the same act was required, under a 
 penalty of £20, to give notice to every member of the board, residiiig 
 in Annapolis or any member whom he knows happens to be in An- 
 napolis, of any intended meeting of the corporation. This sug- 
 gests there may have been secret assemblies of a clique of the trustees 
 for sjiecial purjwses, and this act was to check these ancient "ways that 
 were dark and tricks that were vain." 
 
 The new political condition of the province required in 1778, the 
 passage of a law enacting that any number of the visitors, not less 
 than three, who have taken the oath of fidelity to support the State, 
 may manage the affairs of the school, -and execute all the powers of 
 the corporation, until some three, or more, shall have met and elected 
 so many other visitors as are required to complete their full numljer. 
 This election they were enjoined to make on or before the 15th of .July 
 following, out of the inhabitantsof the State, "duly qualified who have 
 taken the oath aforesaid." 
 
 By act of 1785, chap. 39, the property and funds of King William's 
 School were conveyed to St. John's College. Among the chatties 
 passed to the college was a number of "quaint and curious volumes 
 of forgotten lore." which still remain in the Library of St. John's. 
 
 Few of the rectors of the school have come down to us, but about
 
 80 ' ' T H E A X C I E X T C I T Y . ' ' 
 
 1756, and for nine years after, Mr. Isaac Dakeii is mentioned as mas- 
 ter of the school. On the ITth of August 1784. Rev. Ralph Iliggiu- 
 liotliam was ai>pointed master of King William's School. 
 
 The record of the graduates of King William's School is lost, hut 
 one name remains — that proves its right to existence — William Pink- 
 ney's. 
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 The Second State House in Anxapolis. 
 
 1706 1769. 
 
 After the first State House was burned in 1704. a committee of the 
 Legislature reported that the old walls could be built u{)on in "form 
 and manner as before," and it was rebuilt by Mr. W. Bladen, the ar- 
 chitect of the other buildhigs. The price was not to exceed 11,000 
 sterling, Mr. Bladen was given the l)enefit of all "the materials saved 
 out the fire which appertaiv.ed to the old court house."* 
 
 During the erection of this l)uilding the House of Delegates held 
 its sessions in the house of Colonel Edward Dorsey, in Annapolis, 
 the iiisscm!)ly meeting twice a day, from 8 o'clock to 12 A. M., and 
 from 3 to 4 P. M., and was called together by the beating of a drum. 
 
 Mr. David Ridgely, who wrote the "Annals of Annapolis" in 1841, 
 says : 
 
 "This house," (the second State House,) "was finished in 1700, 
 and is recollected by some few of the present inhabitants of this city 
 — and stood where the present state house now stands. It is de- 
 scribed as having been a neat l)rick building. It was in form an ob- 
 long-sqnare, entered by a hall — opposite to the door of which was 
 the judges' seat, and on each side thei-e were rooms for the jury to 
 retire. Over the judges' seat was a full length likeness of Queen 
 Anne, presenting a printed charter of the ciiy of Annapolis. In 
 this house the General Assembly held its sessions. A handsome cu- 
 pola surmounted the building, surrounded by balustrades, and furn- 
 ished with seats for those who desired to enjoy the beautiful scenery 
 around. The portrait of Queen Anne, just mentioned, is said to have 
 been destroyed during the revolutionary war — when everything bear- 
 ing the semblance of royalty was in bad odour with oiir republican 
 sires. 
 
 "About the same period, an armory was built near the court-house, 
 • lu the north side of it. It is represented to have been a large hall 
 with seats around it, above which the walls were covered w'ith arms, 
 tastefully arranged. It was often used as ball room — from the vaulted 
 roof was suspended a wooden gilt chandelier, which, when lighted n\), 
 produced a brilliant effect by the reflection of the li ,ht from the arms. 
 
 * The Slate House \v;is oKen callod Court House.
 
 HistoryofAnnapolis. 81 
 
 The walls of the hall were also decorated with full length portraits of 
 Queen Anne and Lord Baltimore. The governor and council held 
 their sessions in one of the apartments of this building. 
 
 "On the south side of the court-house, stood the memorable academy 
 of King William, "t 
 
 In the Treasury Building the Governor and Council also held their 
 sessions, and, at one time, both Houses of the Legislature met there : 
 probably when the present State HQUse was in course of erection. 
 
 OctoV)er 1st, 1769, ]Mr. Eddis wrote of the State-house, then called 
 the Court House. J 
 
 "The court-house, situated on an eminence at the back of the 
 town, commands a variety of views highly interesting : the entrance 
 to the Severn, the majestic Chesapeake, and the eastern shore of Mary- 
 land, being all united in one resplendant assemblage. Vessels of va- 
 rious sizes and figures are continually floating before the eye : which, 
 while they add to the beauty of the scene, excite ideas of the most 
 pleasing nature. 
 
 "In the court-house, the representatives of the people assemble, 
 for the dispatch of provincial business. The courts of justice are 
 also held here ; and here, likewise, the public offices are established. 
 This building has nothing in its appearance expressive of the great 
 purposes to which it is a])i)ropriated ; and l>y a strange neglect is suf- 
 fered to fall continually into decay ; Ijeing, both without and within, 
 an emblem of pul)lic poverty, and at the same time a severe reflection 
 on the government of this country, which, it seems, is considerably 
 richer than the generality of the American provinces. 
 
 "The council chamber is a detached building, adjacent to.the former 
 on a very humble scale. It contains one tolerable room, for the re- 
 ception of the governor and his council, who meet here during the 
 sitting of the assembly ; and whose concurrence is necessary in pass- 
 ing all laws." 
 
 It was during this same year that the Legislature became imljued 
 wth sentiments similar to those entertained by Mr. Eddis, and de- 
 termined to remove this " severe refle?tion on the government," and 
 the second State House was pulled down to make room for the third. 
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 
 The Attempt of Richard Clarke, ix 1707, to 
 Burn Annapolis. 
 
 [1707.] In the address of Gov. .John Seymour, made to the House 
 of Delegates of Maryland, on March 27th, 1707, he stated that among 
 other duties the members of the Legislature would be called upon to 
 
 t Riflgelv's AnnaLs of Annapolis, p. 106. 
 
 + Eddi>' Letters, p. 15. 
 
 G
 
 82 " T H E A X C I E N T C I T Y. " 
 
 perform, would be that of outlawing "'Richard Clarke, whose crimes 
 are so notoriously aggravated, they cry aloud for justice." 
 
 On March 31st, Col. John Contee. Mr. Robert Bradley. Mr. William 
 Frisbey, Mr. John Watters, and Col. Pearce, were appointed a com- 
 mittee to investigate the crimes against Clarke. 
 
 Annapolis, at this time, was the most important town in the province 
 of Maryland. A plot that struck at it was no small conspii'acy. 
 
 On April 4th, the Lower House, in its reply to tlie executive, made 
 in accordance with custom, said to Gov. Seymour: — "We are very 
 sensible of the Great and dangerous designs wliich have been carrying 
 on by wicked people, enemy? to Her Majestys Government, to destroy 
 the records, arms, and ammunition, of tliistoAvn, and all that was neces- 
 sary to render this Government safe and secure, and we doe, in a very 
 deep sence thereof, returue you our hearty thanks for the great care 
 and prudence you have sliowed in the preservation of all those things, 
 and the preventing the effect of soe dangerous a conspiracy, and we 
 doe humbly pray that your p]xceliency would l)e pleased to give order 
 to the Atturncy Generall to prosecute all such jjersons as now are, or 
 shall be found to !)e, in the said conspiracy." 
 
 On the same day the committee, appointed to investigate the rase of 
 Clarke, elected Col. .John Contee, chairman, and jMr. Richard Dallam, 
 clerk, and after examining a large mass of testimony, worded in the 
 quaint phraseology of tliose timss. and given at length in the manu- 
 script copy of the proceedings of the Lower House of Maryland of 1707, 
 and preserved in the Land office at Annapolis, made tlie following re- 
 port to the House : 
 
 "The Committee having fully heard and considered the aforegoing 
 declarations, doe humbly reiiort to the House, that they find there was 
 a design fram'd by Richard Clarke, Daniel Wells, and a certaine per- 
 son who term'd himself a saylor, to take some vessell, and get what 
 assistance they could, in order to disturb her Majestys peace and gov- 
 ernment, here, to make an attempt upon the Town of Annapolis, and 
 burn some houses there, and. whilst that consternation continued, to 
 seize the magazine and powder liouse to furnish themselves ^vith arms 
 and ammunition to goe a privateering ; tliat they so farr prosecuted 
 their designe as to gain several housekeepers of desperate fortunes, 
 and other disaffected persons to their party, and that Clarke, by his 
 prodigality in disbursing and spreading about the counterfeit money, 
 (which he had coined himself.) had so insinuated himself into the minds 
 of several servants belonging to persons in and near the Towne of An- 
 napolis and elsewhere, to joine with them in their cursed and wicked 
 designe and intent ; 
 
 "That they had caballs together especially at Annapolis, where a 
 time for their goeing was prefix'd to be some time in March last. 
 
 "That they had agreed to take Mr. Buff's boate and if that (was) 
 not sufficient, Mr. Es-ans Jones' Shallup, or any other vessell fit for 
 their tuine, as soon as they had done their mischief here, to go to 
 Carolina. That Clarke was assisted out of South River by Daniel 
 Wells and him, called the Saylor, who afterwards came to Annapolis 
 to prepare the others, but Wells having broke some of Clarke's money 
 was in fear of being apprehended, whereupon he, the saylor an^ 
 (William) Simpson had a meeting at the house of Sinithers in An- 
 napolis, and then Wells and the Saylor went off in a boat and pursued 
 a shallop, wherein was Mr. .Jacob Lookerman, Jr., and one Edward
 
 H I S T O R Y O P A N N A P L 1 S . 83' 
 
 Taylor, bound for South River, but not gaining their intent made 
 their way down the Bay and came within a day's journey of Clarke, 
 sometime after several of them were apprehended in Annapolis and 
 committed to prison (to witt) Simpson, Cooper, Williams, Peacocke, 
 and Keyton where they now lye ))y his Excellency's orders, (who we 
 thinke deserve the utmost thanks of the House for his care thei-ein,) 
 for had this cursed and villainaious design taken Effect, we and our 
 prosterity might have been ruined by burning of the Records wliich 
 we are of opinion was the Chief Intent and designe of these villaines. 
 
 "As to those persons that were Runing away with Mr. Gales' 
 sloop at the Eastern, we are of opinion, was to the same intent of the- 
 others. 
 
 "As to the money, we conceive Clarke was the makerand it's plaia 
 his wife the disburser, therefor, to Mr. Caiu-oll. 
 
 "As to Sylvester Welch, his selling the country powder, its very 
 Y)lain by the declaration of .John Devall and Blezabeth Pinley, that- 
 three pounds of tlie country powder was sold by Welsh to Wells, and 
 it is the opinion of this committee, that the several persons now in 
 prison, and concerned in the same design and conspiracy, be prose- 
 cuted at the common law, and that the Hpuse give order to her Ma- 
 jesty's Attorney General, to proceed according." 
 
 The committee also reported that William Simpson, whose deposi- 
 tion was before the committee, was one of the "chief e actors in the in- 
 tended designe of Clarke and his accomplicies against her Majesty's 
 Government, also tliat Wells and the privateer followed Clarke, eaine 
 to Long Island in the Bay where Clarke had been the day before, and 
 inquired after hini, that they were in a small boat well armed, that 
 Wells carryed powder and shot with him from home, pretended they 
 were in pursuite of Clarke by order of Major Wilson, that Clarke jn-e- 
 tended himself a merchant going to settle in News River in Carolina, 
 said many people of i\Lirylaud were following him, and used many 
 arguments to perswade the inhabitants about, the Islands to goe with 
 him." 
 
 The House concurred in the report. 
 
 Clarke's pei'sonal appearance was not prepossessing. He is de- 
 scribed as "having a flat nose, peaked chinn, and under jaw out setting 
 the upper." He was also addicted to drunkenness. 
 
 The bill for the attainder of Clarke was passed by both Houses on 
 the 9th of April. 
 
 But this was not the only proceedings had in the Legislature in re- 
 gard to this nefarious plot. The records of the two Chambers show 
 that the General Assembly was most intensely exercised over this 
 conspiracy, which, if comsummated, would have been exceedingly in- 
 jurioiis to the colony. 
 
 Capt. Sylvester Welch, on April 3rd, was called before the Council 
 to answer the charge of selling the country's powder to Clarke's ac- 
 complices. Capt. Welch replied that "he did spare Daniel Wells 
 powder, but it was of his own — being asked what he had done with 
 the country powder he had of his Excellency, he said what was left 
 was at his house and the rest he had fired away in the summer." 
 
 "His excellency was pleased," continues the record of the proceed- 
 ings of the council of 1707, "to tell him that he did not believe liim, 
 and discharged him from his command, and ordered that he should give 
 good security for his behavior."
 
 84 "TheAncientCity." 
 
 April otli, Major Josiah Wilson, high sheriff of Anne Arundel county 
 brought before the Council, "as he had been ordered to arrest them, 
 JohnSi^ry and Thomas Brereton, the former the professed" skipper 
 of the sloop Margaret's Industry, lately arrived from Virginia m 
 South Eiver, after the goods of some of the conspirators. The pro- 
 ceedings say "neither of the said persons offering to make an Ingen- 
 ious confession, but trifling with his Excellency and the board, were 
 ordered to be committed to the custody of the Sheriff" of Anne Arun- 
 del county untill his Excellency and the Board had further leisure to 
 Examine them." 
 
 It was, however, gathered that Clarke was at "Little Wicomico, in 
 Virginia," awaiting the return of the sloop. It was also discovered, 
 probably from the same source, "that Clarke haunts Cartewrights, at 
 the Rosey Crowne, in Norfolk Towne." 
 
 Subsequently Brereton and Spry, in council, under oath, on the 7th 
 of April, confessed that they had been sent by Clarke, after his wife, 
 children, and household goods, with an open letter to Mr. Hill, who, 
 ui accordance with the paper, had given them assistance. 
 
 On the 8th of April, Thomas Tench, Esq., entered the Uouse of 
 Delegates and delivered a bill of attainder against Richard Clarke 
 and the following message -fi'om the council : 
 
 "The bill herewith sent to House for the attainder of Richard 
 Clarke is thought reasonable by this Board, since this is the second 
 time your House has ordered the Attorney Generall to prosecute him 
 and his accomplices, and that hath been ineffectual, and although 
 there are now actually four bills of indictment found l>y several grand 
 juries of this province against him. yet divers evil persons have pre- 
 sumed to receive, comfort, and aid him, whereby he has been able to 
 avoid justice, according to his demerits, sculking within tenn miles of 
 this place, the seat of government, and practicing and carryiug on his 
 traitorous and wicked designs." 
 
 The paper was read and referred for further consideration. 
 
 It was on this evidence that the following proceedings were had ; 
 
 On the 9th of April, a warrant was issued by the council, directing 
 the Sheriff of Anne Arundel county, to arrest Joseph Hill for treason, 
 and to keep him in custody until "such time as he shall be delivered by 
 due course of, law therefrom." This process was recommended, orap- 
 proved of, by the Attorney General. Mr. Hill was arrested on the 
 10th, and brought before the council to make his defence, six mem- 
 bers of the House appearing to represent it : Messrs. Major Low, 
 Mr. Young, Col. Greenfield, Mr. Hall, Mr. Spinner, and Mr. Macall. 
 The Governor opened the interview by telling Mr. Hill, that he little 
 expected a man of his status and character would be guilty of aid- 
 ing, and corresponding with those that were enemys to her Majesty's 
 Government, and disturbers of the peace thereof. The depositions of 
 Spry and Brereton were read to Mr. Hill, who then "denyed ever the 
 evidence mentioned Clarke's name to him, and says that he has not 
 seen him for about twelve months, nor does he know where he now is." 
 Mr. Hill denied ever recei^ing a letter from Clarke by the two wit- 
 riesses who were called in, confronted him, and affirmed that they had 
 deUvered to him the letter in question. The Council concluded their 
 inquiry by informing him that they would at present have nothing 
 further to say to him, as he had given bail.
 
 HisTORYOF Annapolis. 85 
 
 On the 11th the depositions were sent to the Lower House, and Mr. 
 Hill was desired to withdraw from it as "the House find"' tlie deposi- 
 tions I'elate "some high crimes and misdemeanors supposed to be com- 
 mitted by Mr. Joseph Hill, a member of this House." The accxised 
 withdrew, and the House after fully considering and debating the sub- 
 ject resolved that Mr. Hill be expelled from the House "till he be 
 cleai-ed of what is lay'd to his charge.'" The expelled member was 
 then called into the House, and informed of its action, when he with- 
 drew. 
 
 It seemed that the House wished the evidence of Spry, Brereton, 
 and Thos. Richetts entered on their Journal, probably as a justifica- 
 tion of their actions. The Council only gave consent to put it in at 
 the end, as tliey did not wish to have the Queen's Evidence Divulged 
 before trial, as "they Avere unwilling to trust to Mr. Taylard, their 
 Clark'e integrity, in that he may give out a copy." The House did 
 not agree to this, and sent a message saying that they ought to be in- 
 serted the same day they were read in the house. The Council agreed 
 to this on condition to whicli the House consented, that they "be close 
 sealed up untill Mr. Hill's Tryall was over." 
 
 What punishment was meted out to the conspirators, their abettors, 
 and sympathizers is not known. The Court records of Anne Arundel 
 of that period have not been discovered after research. The act of 
 attainder which passed this session upon Clarke, and which set forth 
 that he "had obstinately refused to surrender himself to justice," was 
 not the first measure that had been taken against him. In 1705, he 
 had been outlawed for the same character of ofliences. It is very 
 probable, as our records and history are so silent upon the subject, 
 that Clarke himself never suffered the penalty of the law for his 
 treasonable designs. 
 
 CHAPTER XXIIl. 
 
 Anxapoi.is is Made a City. 
 
 On the 10th of August, 1708, Annapolis received its charter as a city, 
 which was granted hj the honorable John Seymour, the royal Gover- 
 nor of Maryhand. "It appears to have been one of his favourite de- 
 signs, and was proposed by him to the assftnbly, as early as 1704. No 
 measures being adopted hj the latter to carry his wishes into effect, 
 he at length conferred tlie charter by virtue of the prerogative of his 
 office. Under this charter, Ix'sides the powers and privileges relative 
 to the organization and exercise of its municipal government, the city 
 of Annapolis obtained the privilege of electing two delegates to the 
 general assembly."* 
 
 This privilege the city retained until 1836. That year it was re- 
 duced to one representative, and finally, in 1840, it lost this remnant 
 
 * McMahou's JliJ. p. 255.
 
 8C ''TheAncientCitt.'' 
 
 of its ancient importance, and was merged into the county of Anne 
 Arundel. By the act of 1840, Annapolis was continiied as the Capital 
 of the State and tlie piace of holding tlie Court of Appeals for the 
 Western Shore, and the high Court of Chancery. The act of 1837, 
 made it the residence of the Governor. These honors have been in- 
 corjiorated in the organic law of the State and are part of the present 
 Constitution adopted in 1867. 
 
 The following was the petition presented to Governor Seymour, by 
 the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, Common Council, and sundry citizens 
 of Annajjolis, asking a charter for the city : 
 
 "To His Excellency, John SeymouPv, Esq., 
 
 "The humble pet icion of theCorporacionof theCittyof Annapolis, and 
 the greater i^arts of the inhabitants of the same, humbly showeth : 
 "Tluxt, whereas, in her most gracious majesties in behalf of yor. Ex- 
 cellency, for the bentfitt of her dutifull subjects, inhabitants in this 
 place was pleased to grant them a Charter, incorporating thereby this 
 late toATie of Annapolis, into a Citty, it haveing formerly had the 
 honour in Remembrance of Princess Anne, now our good Queen to be 
 erected into a towne, and in a& much as it is the seat of Government 
 the best situated and most conveniei'.t place for trade, wherein are a 
 greater number of inhabitants than in any other place in this her ma- 
 jesties Province, who are desirous that that parte of her majesties grant 
 to this Citty, impowering the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and five of 
 the Common Councillii.en, to ellect and send two representatives to 
 the Generall Assembly, to serve as Burgesses, for rhis Citty, may be 
 enlarged, May it therefore, please yor. Excellency, soe farr to enlarge 
 the Charter that all persons beine: free-holders- in this Citty, (that is to 
 say, owning a whole lott of land with a house built thereon, according 
 to law,) and that all persons actually resideing and i habitting in 
 this Citty haveing a visible esta-vC of the valine of twenty pounds, 
 sterling, and all soe, that all persons 1 hat hereafter shall serve five 
 years to any trade within this Citty, and shall, after the expiracion of 
 their time be actually housekeepers and inhalntantsinthe same, (they 
 first taking the oath of free citizens,) may have a free vote in the ellect- 
 ing such representatives or Burgesses to serve hereafter in all- Gen- 
 erall Assemblys as in the said Charter, is expressed and further that 
 after the Decease or Removall of any of the Comii.on Councilimen, 
 already ellected. and sworne by the Mayor, Recorder, and Aldermen, 
 of the said Citty, all the freemen, inhabitants, as aforesaid, may have 
 a free vote in the ellecting of another Common Councillman, or Com- 
 mon Councilimen, to serve in this or their place andslead ; and it is 
 further most humbly prayed, that noe person or persons — after the 
 next Generall Asseir.bly, (notwithstanding, being madfc freemen of the 
 Citty, j shall have an ellection voyce in the chuseing of Burgesses, or 
 Representatives, for this Citty. untill they have lieen made free three 
 months, which is the humble desire of your petitioners, the suljscribers, 
 and as in duty bound wee will ever pray, &c. 
 "Amos Garrett, Mayor ; WornellHunt, Recorder ; Wm. Bladen, John 
 Freemen, Benjamin Fordham, Evan .Jones, Thomas Boardley, .Tosiah 
 "Willson, Aldermen. 
 "William Haughton. Charles Crowley, Wm. EUott, Richard Thomp- 
 son, Samuel Ne\vill, Wm. Gaylard, John Grosham, Jr., Cha. Kill-
 
 HistoryopiAn>-apolis. 87 
 
 bourne. Math. Beard. Tho. Jones, Patrick Ogilvie, Cadder Edwards, 
 Common Councillmen. 
 
 "John Baldwin, John Brice, Tho. Donera, Richard Younsj. James 
 
 Wotton. Christoplier Sniithers, Joseph Hiimphrey, John B. 
 
 "Wm. Gwyn. Richard Bnkardike, Richard Kolk, Thomas Holmes, 
 John Xovarre, Wm. Diirdan." 
 
 The ])etition was acted upon immediately. The records bear the 
 annexed endorsement : 
 
 "November th^ 18th, 1708. The within petticion syranted and 
 ordered that the Corjioraicon prepare a Charter as within prayed, to 
 be signed by his Excellency, and on her majesties, behalf e sealed, with 
 ihe greate«seals of this Province, 
 
 Signed ]3er Order, 
 
 W. Bladex, Clerk Council." 
 
 This was the charter : 
 
 ''The Charter of the City of Annapolis. 
 
 "Anne, by the Grace of God, of Greate Brittain, France, and Ireland, 
 and the Dominions thereiiuto belonging, Queen, Defender of the faith, 
 &c. To all and singular our faithfull subjects within our Province of 
 Maryland, Greeting, whereas, there is a very pleasant, healthful and 
 comodius place for trade, by act of the Generall Assembly of this our 
 Province, laid out for a towne and porte, called Annapolis, in honour 
 ■of us, which said towne and porte, hath in few years (especially, since 
 the accession of our trusty and well beloved John Seymour, Esq., our 
 Capt. Generall and Governour-in-Chiefe, of this our Province, to 
 the Government thereof, ) very considerably encresed in the number 
 of its inhabitants as well as buildings, both public and private, soe 
 that it oxcelleth all other townes and portsin our said province, and 
 for that our present seate of Government, within our province afore- 
 said, is fixed att the said porte and towne, whereby the same is become 
 the chiefe mart of the whole coimtrey, wee, being willing to encourage 
 all our good and faithfull subjects as well att present, resideivig and 
 inhabitting. or which hereafter shall, or mayinhabitt, ori*eside within 
 the said porte of Annapolis, of our Royall Grace, good will, and raeer 
 motion with the advice of our Council!, in our said province, have 
 thought fitt. and doe by these our letters pattents, constitute and 
 erect the said towne and porte of Annapolis, together with the circuits 
 and jn-esincts thereof, includeing the lands heretofore laid out for the 
 said towne and porte of Annapolis, publick pasture, and towne com- 
 mon together, with the River and Creeks adjacient, into a Citty, by 
 the name of tne Citty of Annapolis, and doe gx-ant to the inhabitants 
 of the said Citty that the same Citty shall be incorporated a Citty, con- 
 sisting of a Mayor, one person learned in the law, stiled. and bearing 
 the office of Recorder, of the said Citty, and six Aldermen, and tenn 
 other persons to be Common Councillmen, of the said Citty, which said 
 Mayor. Recorder, Aldermen, and Common Councillmen shall be a 
 body incorporate, and one comunity forever in right, and by the name 
 of Mayor. Recorder, Aldermen, and Common Councill. of the said 
 Citty of Annapolis, shall be able and capable to sue and be sued att 
 law, and to act and execute, doe and performe as a body incorporate, 
 which shall have succession forever, and to that end to have a com- 
 mon scale, and that Amos Garrett, Esqr., one of the inhabitants of
 
 88 ' ' T? H E A N CI E X T C I T Y . ' ' 
 
 the said Citty, shall for the present be, and be named Mayor of the 
 said Citty, for the ensueing year, and Wornell llvuit, Esqr., Recorder 
 thereof, and William Bladen, John Freemen, Benjamin Fordham, 
 Evan Jones, Tho. Boardley, and Josiah Willson, Esqrs., inhabitants 
 of the said citty, shall be Aldermen thereof, soo long as they shall 
 well behave themselves therein, haveing first taken and snbsciibed the 
 test and severall oatlis for secnrity of the Government, as by Law es- 
 tablished and allsoe the oath appointed by lis or our present Gover- 
 nour. to l)e taken by the Mayor, Recorder, and Aldermen of the Citty 
 of Annapolis, afoi-esaid ; Which shall be administered to them by our 
 Governour-in-Chiefe, keeper of the greate scale of this our province 
 for the time being, or by such^other person or persons as wee, our heirs, 
 and successors, or our Gov. aforesaid, for tlie time being, sliall, from 
 time to time, authorize and appoint to administer the same, and wee 
 grant that the said Mayor, Rceordei and Aldermen, or the Major parte 
 of them shall ellect and choose some others of the most sufficient of 
 the iuhal)itants of the said City, being freemen thereof, to be of the 
 Common Councill of the said City, for soe long time as they shall well 
 behave themselves, and to perpetuate the succession of the said Mayor, 
 Recorder, Aldermen, and Common Councill in all times to come, wee 
 doo grant, that, for the future, they shall assemble in some convenient 
 place in the said citty, upon the feast day of St. Michaell. the Arch- 
 angell, in every year, and shall ellect and choose by the Major vote of 
 such of them as shall be then present, one other of the Aldermen of 
 the said citty, for the time being, to be Mayor of the said citty, for 
 the ensuing year, and upon decease or removeall of the said Mayor, of 
 the said citty, for the time being, or upon any decease, or decTeasses, 
 removeall, or removealls, of the said Recorder, or Aldermen, or any 
 of them, or within one month, after sucli respective decease, or de- 
 ceases, removall, orremovalls, the residue of tlie said Alderm«.ii, to-_ 
 gether with the said Mayor, or if he shall be living or tho major part 
 of them whom shall at a set time by them to be appointed within ye said 
 citty and presincts ellect and nominate some other jjerson or persons 
 to be Mayor. Recorder, Alderman or Aldermen of the said Citty in 
 the place and places of such person or persons soe deceased or re- 
 moved respectively as the case shall require soe as the said mayor to be 
 Ellected and nominated to be att the time of such EUectiouand nomi- 
 naion actually one of the Aldermen of the said Citty and soe as the 
 said Recorder soe to be Ellected and nominated, be a person learned 
 in the law, soe as the said Alderman or Aldermen soe to be Ellected 
 and nominated be actually att the time of sucli Ellection and Nomi- 
 naciou of the Common Councill of the said City, the said Mayor, Re- 
 corder, or Alderman, or Aldermen, soe to be Ellected and Nominated, 
 first Takcing the severall and Respective Oaths before mencioned to be 
 appointed as aforesaid, and shall likewise then fill up by the Election of 
 the free Voters of the said Citty, out of and from among tlie Inhabit- 
 tants and freeholders of the said Citty. the full number of tenn persons 
 to be Common Councillmen, and that tlie said persons hereby appointed 
 and named or hereafter to be Elected and nominated mayor. Recorder, 
 or Aldermen, be Justices of the peace within tlie City presincts and 
 liberties thereof, having first taken the oaths usually appointed to l)e 
 taken by the Justice of the Peace, the said Mayor, Recorder, and Al- 
 dermen hereby named and appointed or hereafter to be Elected, noini-
 
 History OF Annapolis. 89* 
 
 nated, or any three of them, whereof the said Mayor or Recorder, for 
 the time being, shall be one, shall have, within the presincts of the 
 said Citty, full power and authority to make ConstaV)les and otlier 
 nessessary officers, and to rule, order, and govern the inhabitants 
 thereof, as justices of the peace, are or shall be authorized to doe, and 
 shall have power to execute all the Laws, Ordinances, and Statutes, in 
 that behalfd, made as fully and amjily as if tliey were authorized 
 thereto, by express, commission, named therein, willing and com- 
 matuling that noe other justices of the peace or quorum within our 
 said county or province, doe att any time hereafter, take upon them 
 or any of them to execute tlie olhce of a justice of peace within the 
 said Citty, or in tlie presincts thereof ; notwithstanding any coraission 
 at large, authoriseing them thereunto, saveing the authority and juris- 
 diction of her majesties' justices of oyer and terminer and Groale de- 
 liver, now or hereafter to be assigned, dureing the time of their holde- 
 ing their severall respective Courts in the said Citty, and further wee 
 will and grant unto the said Mayor, Recorder, and Co'nmon Councill 
 of the said Citty, for the time being, full power and authority, after 
 the space of six years, to ellect a Sherriff for the said Citty, but that 
 untill tlicii the JSheniif of Anne Arundell county for the time being, 
 shall be Sherriff of tlic said (tounty and to make, order, and ap[)oint 
 such by-laws and ordinances among themselves, for the regulacion 
 and good Government of Trade and other matters exigences and 
 things within the said Citty and presincts, as to them, or the major 
 parte, shall seem meet to be consonant to reason and not contrary, but 
 as near as conveniently may be agreeable, to the Laws and Statutes- 
 now in force, which ^aid Bye-laws, shall be observed, kept, and per- 
 formed by all manner of persons, Tradeing and Resideing within the 
 said Citty, under such reasonable pains, penalities, and forfeitures, as 
 shall be imposed Ijy the said Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and Com- 
 mon Councillmen, or the major jiarte of them then assembled from time 
 to time, not exceeding forty sliillings sterling, the said pains, penal- 
 tys and forfeitures to l)e raised by distress, and sale of the goods of such, 
 person offending, and tu be employed for the publick benefitt of the 
 said Citty att their diseression ; and further, wee doo grant and give 
 fill] power, lycence, previllidge, and authority, to the Mayor, Recorder,. 
 Aldermen, and Common Councillmen of the said Citty, for the time 
 being, and their successors forever, and alsoe all free-holders of tlie 
 said Citty, that is to say, all persons owneing a wliole lott of land 
 with a house built thereon, according to law, and all persons actually 
 resideing and inliabitting in the said Citty, haveing a visable estate of 
 the valine of twenty pounds sterling, att the least, and likewise, all per- 
 sons hereafter who sliall serve five years to any trade within this Citty, 
 and shall, after the expiracion of their time, be actually housekeepers 
 and inhabitants in the same, to send two cittizens and delegates to 
 every one of our assembly or assemblys, hereafter to be held, or att 
 any time or times, hereafter to be called, to be held for this, our said 
 Province of Maryland, to be elleeted and chosen out of the inhabit- 
 tants. actually behig and resideing within the said I itty, haveing a 
 freehold or visable estate of the valine of twenty pounds sterling 
 therein, by the said Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, Common Councill- 
 men, Freeholders, and Freemen as aforesaid, or the major parte of 
 them being present, by virtue of our writt or writts of action to be
 
 90 ' ' T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . ' ' 
 
 sent to them for tliat purpose, wliich said writtor writts. wee doe here- 
 by "^nuit, shall be issued out and sent to the said Mayor, Recorder, and 
 Aldermen, soe often as occasion shall require ; provided, that all such 
 ellector or voters as aforesaid, doe take an oath to be true to the in- 
 terest of the said Citty before they be admitted to such vote ; and pro- 
 vided, alsoe, and att all times after the end of the next Generall As- 
 sembly, to be held for this provirce, noe Freeman, as aforesaid, not 
 "being a freeholder as aforesaid, shall have the libertie of such vote as 
 afore.aid. until free three montlis, after such his freedom obtained ; 
 and when hereafter, there shall happen any Generall Assembly to be 
 held, according as writts shall be sent to the severall and respective 
 counties for ellecting Deputies or Delegates for their severall and re- 
 spective counties in this our province of Maryland, wee further grant 
 that the said cittizens and delegates, by them soe as aforesaid ellected 
 and sent, shall have full and fi'ee votes and voices in all and every 
 of our Generall Asseml)lys, touching or concerning all matters or 
 things thereto, to be discoursed and handled as other, the Deputies or 
 Delegates of the severall and rc'-peetive countys, formerly have had, 
 now have, or hereafter shall have ; and further, wee grant and give 
 lycenci,' to the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and Common Councill of 
 j;he said Citty, for the time being, and their successors forever, to have 
 and to hold two markotts weekly within this said Citty, on every 
 Wednesday and Saturday in the weeke, in some convenient place to 
 be by them appohited within the presincts* Liberties of the said 
 Citty, and alsoe two fairs yearly lo be kejit on Munday, otlierwise, 
 called St. Phillip and Jacobs Day, and on the feas'; of St. Michaell, 
 the Archangell, or on the next Day succeeding, each or either of tliem, 
 in case they shall happen to fall on the Lord's Day. for the sale and 
 vendiiiij: all raannor of goods, cattle, wares, and merchandizes whatever, 
 on which said fair Days and first two days before and after all persons 
 eomeing to the said fairs tog'-thcr with their cattle, goods, wares, and 
 merchandizes, and returning thence shall be exanpt and previllidged 
 from any arrest, attachments, or executions whatsoever, and that the 
 said Mayor and Aldermen shall haA'e power to sett such reasonable 
 tole upon such goods, cattle, merchandizes, and other coraodities as 
 shall Vie sold therein, i-espectively as shall be thought fitt, not exceed- 
 ing six]3ence on every beast sold, and the twentieth parte of the val- 
 ine of any eomodity, and shall and may hold a courte of Pypowdryt 
 dureing the said fair, for the determinacion of all controversies and 
 quarrels which may happen therein, according to the u.-uall course in 
 England, in ihe like cases, and wee grant unto them all profitts and 
 perquisitsdue, incident, and belonging to said markett, fair, and Courte 
 of Pyjiowdry ; and further wee doe grant that the said Mayor, Re- 
 corder, and Aldermen, or any three or more of them, .shall hold a 
 -Courte of Hustings within tlie said Citty where they are hereby im- 
 powered to make proper officers and to sett reasonable fees, not ex- 
 ceeding what are now allowed in the County Courte, and shall have 
 
 * "And" pi-ohably left nut. 
 
 t 'Ihe lowest— and, at tlip munf time, the mf)st expeditious C^urt of Justice 
 known lo tl;e Unv of Kngland, is thf Conrt of PiKPotinaK, curia ptDts pilverI- 
 7.ATI : so c:illed from th«- dusty feet of the p\iitoisor accorclino to Sir Edwaril 
 Col;e, becr.use justice is tliere done as speedily :is dust ean fill tiom the foot. 
 It wns held nt niailfpls so that nttendants on the maik'-t'i might have tlieir 
 eansfS heird and determined expeditiously, and they lose no time by the de- 
 lays of the law. Bl.ickbtone, Voi. III. p. '/A,
 
 History ofAnnapo LIS. 91 
 
 jiirisdiclioii and lioldjilea of trespass and Geetment for any lands or 
 teneiiieiits ■within the said Citty, as alsoe of all writts of dower for the 
 same lands and tenements, and of all other actions personall and 
 mixt, and as a Courte of Record give judgement and award execiicion 
 thereon, according to the Laws and Statutes of England and this 
 Province ; provided, the demand in the said action personall and mist 
 exceed not the sume of six pounds, ten shillings sterling, or seventeen 
 hundred pounds of tobaceoe : and. provided, nevertheless, that any 
 party or parlys, plaintiffs or defendants, shall be at their liberty on 
 good grounds to bring writts of habeas corpus and certiorarie, to re- 
 move any plaints from the said Hustings to the Provinciall Courte of 
 this Province and alsoe to appeale from the judgment of the Mayors, 
 or bring writts of error att their choice to the Provinciall Courte un- 
 der such liniitacion and regulaeion as is already by the act of Assem- 
 bly of this Province assigned for prosecuting appeales and writts of 
 •error from the County Courtes to the Provinciall. In testimoney 
 ■whereof, wee have caused these our letters lobe made pattent, given 
 4Xtt Annapolis, under the Greate Scale of our said Province. Wittness 
 our trusty and well beloved John Seymour, Esq., Captain Generall 
 and Governour-in-Chief of our 5aid Province, this twenty-iecond Day 
 of November, in the seventh year of our Eeia'ne &c., Annoqn^ 
 Domni, 1708."* 
 
 "Fi-om the period of the grant of its charter by governor Seymour, 
 Annapolis was continually" on the advance. It never acquired a 
 large population, nor any great degree of commercial consequence; 
 but long Ijefore the American revolution, it was conspicuous as the 
 seat of wealth and fashion : the luxurious habits, elegant accomplish- 
 ments, and profuse hospitality of its inhabitants were proverbially 
 known throughout the colonies. It was the seat of a wealthy govern- 
 ment, and of its principal institutions : and as such, congregated 
 around it many, whose liberal attainments eminently qualified them 
 for society."! 
 
 A French writer in speaking of this city as he found it during the 
 American revolution, thus describes it : "In that very inconsiderable 
 town, standing at the mouth of the Severn, where it falls into the 
 bay, of the few buildings it contains, at least three-fourths may be 
 styled elegant and grand. Female luxury here exceeds what is 
 known in the provinces of France. A French hair dresser is a man 
 of importance amongst them ; and it is said, a certain dame here hires 
 one of that craft at one thousand crowns a year. The State House is 
 a very beautiful building, I think the most so of any I have seen in 
 America." 
 
 This forms a striking contrast to the account given of it at a much 
 •earlier date, and which is to be found in a satire, called, "The Sot-weed 
 Factor, or a Voyage to Maryland ;" in which is described the laws, 
 government, courts, and constitutions of the country ; and also the 
 buildings, feasts, frolics, entertainments, and drunken humours of the 
 inhabitants of that part of America. In burlesque verse, by Eden 
 ■Cook, gent., published at London in 1708. 
 
 * Liber P. ('. Chaiicpvy Proceed ings^^, p. u95. 
 
 ■f MeMiihoii's p. 207.
 
 92 "TheAncientCity.'' 
 
 Annapolis is thns mentioned in one i)art of this quaint work :. 
 
 "To try the cause, then fully })ent, 
 
 Up to Annapolis 1 went : 
 
 A city situate on a plain, 
 
 Where scarce a house will keep out rain 
 
 The buildings framed with cypress rare ; 
 . Resemble much our South wick fair ; 
 
 But strangers there will scarcely meet 
 
 With market place, exchange, or street ; 
 
 And, if the truth I may report. 
 
 It's not so large as Tottenham court, — 
 
 St. Mary's once was in rejiute, 
 
 Nowhere the judges try the suit. 
 
 And lawyers twdce a year dispute — 
 
 As oft the bench most gravely meet, 
 
 Some to get drunk, and some to eat 
 
 A swinging share .of country treat ; 
 
 lint as for justice, riglit, or wrong, 
 
 Xot one amongst the numorous throng 
 
 Knows what it means, or lias the heart 
 
 To vindicate a stranger's part." 
 *IMr. Jonas Grreen reprinted this jioem in 1731, but took care to tell" 
 the readers it was a description of Annapolis twenty years br-fon-. 
 
 CHAPTER XXIV. 
 The anxapot.is Delegates Denied Admittance to 
 
 THI-; Hoi'SE. 
 
 The Lower House considered tliat the j)ower to erect cities and 
 grant charter;! was a prerogative that could be exercised only by the 
 crown itself, and when the delegates from Annapolis mad(? their ap- 
 pearance at the September Session of 1708, tluit I)ody denied the 
 authority of the executive "to confer the charter and expelled the 
 delegates elected under it. Astonished at a measure so bold and un- 
 expected, the governor, at first, attempted to win it to his purposes by 
 conciliation. Its members were summoned to the Upper House, 
 where they were addressed by him in language disclaiming all inten- 
 tion to interfere with their rights and privileges in determining the 
 election of their own members ; but claiming for himself also, the 
 competency to judge of his own prerogatives, and they were ui-ged to 
 return to tlieir house, and rescind their resolution. In justiticatifjn of 
 themselves, they replied that tlie course pursued by them was founded 
 upon the complaint of some of the freeliolders and inhabitants of An- 
 napolis, who conceived that it iffected their rights as freemen, and 
 particidarlyas to the privilege of voting for delegates ; that the right
 
 HistoryofAnnapolis. 93 
 
 to erect cities, was not expressly vested in the governor, and ought 
 not therefore to be exercised until the Queen's pleasure was known ; 
 but that they would cheerfully concur with him in granting the 
 charter, if all the inhabitants and freeholders of the place desired, 
 and were secured in their equal privileges, to which they were entitled 
 by the laws of England, and the public lands and buildings secured 
 to the uses for waich they were purchased. The Governor now tried 
 the usual expedient with a refract-: ry house. The Assembly was dis- 
 solved and a new house immediately summoned, which he at first found 
 quite as unmanageable as the old. Their first message desired him to 
 inform them, if he had received from her majesty any instructions 
 authorizing the grant of charters and the erection of cities which were 
 not contained in his commission ; and if so, to communicate them. 
 His brief reply was, 'that he had no doubt of his own right and if the 
 exercise of the power was unwarranted, he was answerable to her 
 majesty, and not to them.' To bring this difference to a close, a con- 
 ference was now had l)etween the two houses : which terminated in a 
 compromise, and in the passage of the act of 1708, chapter 7th, to 
 carry that comj)romise into effect. By this act, the charter of An- 
 napolis Avas confirmed, under certain reservations as to the public 
 buildings, and restrictions of the municipal iiower."* 
 
 This was the act the Assembly passed to settle and confirm the 
 charter of Annajiolis : 
 
 "Whereas this present General Assembly have taken into their con- 
 sideration the Charter lately Granted to the City of Annapolis, and 
 being desirous to give all due encouragement to cohabitation, have 
 resolved to confirm the same Charter, and to explain and restrain some 
 clauses and grants therein contained, they humbly pray that it may 
 be enacted ; 
 
 ' 'II. And if is hereby enacted , By the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, 
 by and with the advice and consent of her Majesty's Governor, Coun- 
 cil, and Assembly of this Province, and by the authority of the same. 
 That the said Charter to the City of Annapolis, bearing date at the 
 said City on the twenty-second day of November, Anno 1708, in the 
 seventh year of her Majesty's Reign, Sealed with the Great Seal of 
 this her Majesty's Province, and signed with the Sign Manual of his 
 Excellency John Seymour, Esq., Captain-General and Governor in 
 Chief thereof, incorporating the inhabitants of Annapolis into a City, 
 and Body Corporate, and the several Articles, Clauses, Grants, 
 Powers, Authorities, and Privileges therein contained, shall, by virtue 
 of tliis Act, be held, taken, stand, remain, and be firm, and valid to all 
 intents and purposes whatsoever, within the same Charter mentioned 
 and expressed, subject nevertheless to the several restrictions and ex- 
 planations herein specified and declared, (that is to say,) That it 
 shall in no wise be intended, construed, meant, or taken, to infringe 
 the liberties and privileges of the public, either in regard to the pub- 
 lic lands and buildings by them heretofore purchased and bvult ; but 
 that the same shall be reserved and continued forever, to the uses and 
 purposes to which they have already lieen allotted : And that all and 
 every the Judges and Justices of the several Courts of Judicature 
 which have usually held their Courts within the same City, in the 
 public Court-house thereof, shall and may continue so to do ; and the 
 * jMcMahon's Mil. p. 256.
 
 94 • • T n E A X c 1 E X T C I T Y , ' ' 
 
 Justices, Commissioners, and Sheriff of Ann-Arundel County shall 
 have, hold, and exercise their Jurisdiction, in as full and ample manner, 
 to all intents and purposes, in the Port of Annapolis, as heretofore 
 had been usual. 
 
 "III. A/kI be it f.urther Enacted and Declared, That the Bye-Laws, 
 to be made by the said Corporation, shall not affect or be bindinj? to 
 any other the Inhabitants of this Province, but wholly restrained to 
 the Inhabitants and Residents of the said City ; and tliat the Clause 
 in the said Charter, impowering the Corporation to set toll on horses, 
 cattle, and other commodities, to be r)0ld on the two fair days, of the 
 first of May, and of St. Michael the Arch-Angel, yearly, shall not, in 
 any wise, enure, be construed, or extended, to impowering the Cor- 
 poration to assess any toll or impost upon Cattle, Gfoods, Wares, or 
 Merchandizes whatsoever, to be sold therein, if the Goods, Wares, or 
 Merchandizes shouM not amount to the value of twenty shillings cur- 
 rent money ; but if it exceed twenty shillings value, and not above 
 five pounds current money, then the sum of six-pence shall be paid 
 for the lee or toll thereof ; and for all G-oods, &c., exceeding in value 
 five pounds current money, then it sliall be lawful to assess the sum 
 of twelve pence current money for the fee or toll thereof, and no 
 more. 
 
 "IV. And Whereas, the Citizens and Burgesses of the several 
 Boroughs in England have formerly been allowed but half wages, in 
 respect to the salary of the Knights of the Shires ; Be it therefore En- 
 acted, Tliat the Citizens, representing the City of Annapolis, /Shall 
 only be allowed half the wages to the Delegates and Representatives, 
 as is and shall be allowed to the Delegates of the several Counties of 
 this Province, and no more. 
 
 "V. And wJiereas, Wornell Hunt, Esq., the present Recorder of the 
 said City, is not yet qualified for that trust, by reason he hath not 
 been resident in this Province dnring tiie terra of three years : never- 
 theless the said Wornell Hunt, by virtue of this act. shall be deemed, 
 and is hereby qualified and enabled to hold and execute the said 
 Office of Recorder of the City aforesaid, any Law. Statute, Usage, or 
 Custom to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding. 
 
 "VI. xind be it enacted, by the advice and consent aforesaid. That 
 the Land called the Town-Common, be reserved and remain to the use 
 of the proper Owner or Owners, unless the Citizens can make it appear 
 to have made satisfaction for the same, the next Session of Assembly." 
 
 CHAPTER XXV. 
 
 The First Newspaper ix Maryland. 
 
 [1727.] In August, 1727, William Parks, printer to the Province of 
 Maryland, made the first venture in Maryland journalism. He be- 
 gan at Annajwlis "The Mar vland Gazette." It was printed on a
 
 History OF Ax xAPOLis. 95 
 
 sheet a little larger than foolscap ; had two columns to the page, and 
 four pages to an issue. It was i)uhlished once a week. The first 
 numbers of this interesting relic of Maryland history are lost to the 
 State, as well as the concluding issues. The Maryland Historical 
 Society, however, is the fortunate possessor of some twenty copies of 
 the Gazette, beginning with number 65 of the issue, dating from 
 Tuesday, Dec. 3, to Tuesday, Dee. 10, 172^. The last number it 
 lias is number 97, of date of July 23, 1729. On either side of the head 
 of the pajjer, was an excellent cut, and below the caption was a 
 space left, in which the names of the several subscribers were written 
 to take the (razette ow its way through the post to its destination. 
 At the bottom of the fourth page was the announcement — "Annapo- 
 lis, printed by William Parks, by whom advertisements and subscrip- 
 tions are taken." The paper was made up of copious extracts of 
 foreign news, a few local items, and sometimes one page of advertise- 
 uients. There were frequently long communications written in the 
 semi-classic style of the period. In No. 06, there were four local 
 items, all relating to the shipping of the port of Annapolis. On 
 January 1, 1729, is a notice recouuting that a negro, belonging to 
 William Robinson, of the county, had impudently and without provo- 
 cation struck William Smith, carpenter, during a dispute over the 
 fighting of their dogs, and that for it the said negro had his ear 
 cropped which the Gazette said it noticed, because it was the first 
 case under the law, and it published it as a warning. We can hardly 
 believe that the said negroes intended to be forewarned by this Chari- 
 table admonition were assiduous I'eaders of the Gazette. 
 
 In No. 89, there were published three advertisements, in one of 
 which notice was given "that there is a ship arrived in South River 
 with about two hundred choice slaves, which are to be sold by Daniel 
 Dulany, Richard Snowden, and Peter Hume." 
 
 Mention is made in the issue of June 16, 1729, that "on Tuesday 
 last, George Plater, Esq., was married to Mrs Rebecca Bowles, .the 
 relict of James Bowles, Esq., a gentle woman of considerable fortune." 
 
 From the issue of June 24, 1729, are the following extracts made : 
 
 "On Friday last, died James Carroll, at the House of Charles Car- 
 roll, Esq., in this city. 
 
 "On Friday last, the Hon. Patrick Gordon, Esq., Governor of Phila- 
 delphia, attended by several gentlemen of thtit province, arrived here 
 to visit our Governor. His Excellency received them very kindly, 
 and they were saluted with the discharge of our great guns, colors 
 flying, &c., and their entertainment has been made as agreeable as 
 this place could afford. This morning his Honor, the Governor of 
 Pennsylvania, departed this city under discharge of our guns, &c. 
 
 •'Annapolis, March 4th, Saturday last, being the birth day of our 
 most gracious Queen Caroline, was celebrated here in the manner 
 following : His Excellency, Benedict Leonard Calvert, our Governor, 
 invited the gentlemen of this city to a very handsome entertainment 
 at dinner, and in the evening there was a ball at the Stadt House." 
 
 The price of the Gazette was fifteen shillings a year, and advertise- 
 ments, no rule as to length, were "to be inserted in it at three shillings 
 for the first week, and two shillings for every week after." 
 
 When the Gazette ceased publication, we are left to conjecture. The 
 probability is it was discontinued in a few years. Mr. Parks, elected
 
 •96 ' ' T H E A X C I E X T C I T Y . " 
 
 in 1727 State Printer, remained in that office nntil 1743, when he was 
 sncceeded by Jonas Green. 
 
 The Oazeifp was the sixth paper, in point of time, that was printed 
 in the American ProAinces. 
 
 CHAPTER XXVI.® 
 Chronicles OF Annapotjs from 1707 to 1740. 
 
 [1707.] In 1707, the Legislature passed a supi)lenientary act for the 
 advancement of trade. In this law it was enacted that "all the 
 towns in Baltimore and Anne Arundel Counties, with the River. 
 ■Creeks, Coves, thereunto belonging, (saving in Patuxent River) to be 
 members of the Port of Annapolis." 
 
 [1720.] A "Prospect to Annapolis" was laid off May 24, 1720. It 
 •comprised two lots of ground, one called Diirand's Place, the other 
 Woodchurch's Rest. It was re-surveyed for Benj. Tasker. It lay on 
 the North Side of Severn.! 
 
 [1715.] By act of 1715, ch. TV, the Legislature reiterated its agree- 
 ment with Anthony, alias William Workman, in regard to giving him 
 the privilege of building on the lots Ijelonging to King William's 
 School, a house which was to revert to the School at Workman's death. 
 The act discovers that these three lots, that the school was possessed 
 of, lay "to the foot of the Stadt House Ilill, on the Eastward there- 
 of," and that Workman was an inn-keeper, and that, for erecting and 
 so donating the house alluded to the General Assembly, had granted 
 him liberty and license "to keep an ordinary in said House, durhig his 
 natural life, free and discharged from the jiayment of fine, then im- 
 posed by law therefor." Workman came from Kent Island, then de- 
 clared to be "in the county of Tall)ot." William Freeman, brick- 
 layer, of Philadelphia, in Pennsylvania, built the house. The same 
 ■act, after reciting the difficulty of getting the board of Rector, Gov- 
 ernors, and Visitors of King William's School together to transact 
 business, enacted that five of the board on special occasion, could exe- 
 cute the powers of the school. 
 
 [1718.] In 1718, "the Honorable Colonel William Holland, Colonel 
 Thomas Addison, Capt. Daniel Mariartee and Mr. Alexander War- 
 field" were made Commissioners by Act of Assembly, at the petition 
 of the Corporation of Annapolis, to lay out ten acres of public land 
 into half acre lots "for the better encouragement of poor Tradesmen 
 to come and inhabit ^vithin the said city, and carryon their respective 
 trades therein." These were laid off on Powder-House Hill and were 
 to be donated to any person or persons not an owner of property in 
 
 T Old rent roll, vol. 1, p. 170. 
 
 * The material of tlii.x chapter is mainly drawn from Ridgely's Annals cf 
 Annapolis, pages 108-115.
 
 Hist n n y o v Annapolis. 97 
 
 the town, who would VmM ti (lwellin<,'-house upon the same. If the 
 lots were not taken uput the end of two years, then owners of property 
 in tlie city were allowed to have thera. 
 
 This a,ddition was called ''New Town."' 
 
 The General Asseinlily. by the same Act, appointed Jaines Stoddard, 
 Esq., to survey and Liy off the city of Annapolis, as the original 
 plat of the town wliich had been made by Richard Beard, had been 
 burned when tlie Stale House was destroyed by fire in 1704. 
 
 Mr. Stoddard's survey made the town ccmtain one lunidred and 
 forty-two acres ; one Innidred and fifty-three square perclies, and two 
 hundred, nine and three quarters square feet. The State House Circle 
 was laid down as containins; 218.988 square feet, with a diameter 528 
 feet and a circumference of llo9. The Church Circle contained 94,- 
 025 square feet, witli a diameter of o4G. and a eireuinference of 1087 
 feet. 
 
 Ainonsr those who were the first to have lots surveyed, has been well 
 preserved hj records in the Land Oifice. After the Public Circle, (State 
 House Circle. ) Church Circle, and j\Iarket Space had been surveyed. 
 Dr. Charles Carroll had resurveyed Ins lot lying on the north west 
 side of Duke of Gloucester street, and runnin;: to Market street. Thos. 
 Macnemara had tlie second lot resurveyed. It laid on the southwest 
 side Duke of Gloucester street. He had five other lots resurveyed. all 
 on the southwest side of Duke of Gloucester street. Thomas Bladen, 
 Patrick Ogleby, Robert Thomas, Amos Garrett, Benj. Tasker, James 
 Carroll, Samuel Young, Joim Baldwin, Catherine Baldwin. Col. 
 Sam'l. Young, and Pliilip Lloyd are among the lot-owners by the re- 
 survey of 1718. July 25, 1718, a lot was resurved for St. Anne. It 
 lay between Temple street and Doctor street. Temple street has 
 passed from memory, but Doctor street remains. 
 
 [1720.] In 1720, an Act of Assembly was passed giving further 
 time to the several tradesmen who originally took up the new lots 
 within the addition to the City of Annapolis, to improve the same ; 
 and at the same session a grant was made to Mr. Edward Smith of 
 one hundred and twenty feet of ground in the City of Annapolis for a 
 sawyer's yard. 
 
 [1723.] In 1723, the Assembly passed an Act "for the encourage- 
 ment of learning and erecting schools in the several counties within 
 this Province." Under it Rev. Mr. Joseph Colebateh, Col. Samuel 
 Young, William Lock, Esq., Caj^t. Daniel Mariartee, Mr. Charles 
 Hammond, Mr. Richard Warfield, and John Beale, Esq., were made 
 the visitors of the schools of Anne Arundel. 
 
 [1727.] In 1727. Mr. William Parks, of Annapolis, was authorized 
 to print a compilation of the laws of the Province. To this date there 
 had been no printer. Mr. Ridgely who wrote in 1841, says, "this col- 
 lection of the laws of Maryland is now nearly out of print — but few 
 copies remaining — and is held by the few that own a copy of it as a 
 rare and curious body of laws passed by our early legislators." 
 
 [1728.] In 1728, "Henry Ridgely. Mordecai Hammond, and John 
 Welsch, gentlemen," were empowered to lay out a lot of land, 60 feet 
 in breadth on the water, 300 feet in length, and 25 feet wide at the 
 head of the land, being a i)art of a lot formerly alloted on which to 
 
 7
 
 98 " T n E A X c I E X T C I T Y . " 
 
 build a custom house. The corporation was given the fee-simple to" 
 the lot provided it built a market house thereon. This lot is the site 
 of the present market house. 
 
 [173:1] In 1733. the Legislature passed an Act giving £3.000 foi' 
 purchasing convenient ground in Annapolis, for the use o£ tlie public, 
 and for building thereon a dwelling house for the residence of the 
 Governor. This was for a temporary residence. The Executive, 
 Samuel Ogle, does not appear to liave used the fund, and a further 
 sum of £1,000 was added in 1742 ':r> this, and Governor Bladen, era- 
 powered to purchase four lots in the City of Annapolis, and to erect a 
 building thereon as a residence for the Governor. Fro:;l this act 
 sprang McDowell Hall, St. John's College. 
 
 [1730.] In 1736, Charles Hammond, Philip Hammond, Vaehol 
 Denton, Daniel Dulany, Esq., and iMr. Richard Wartield were em- 
 powered to purchase a piece of ground within the town for a public 
 school in Annapolis ; to contract for material and to employ workmen 
 to build it. £1,500, current money, was voted by the Jjegislature 
 for this work. 
 
 [1740.] In 1740, is found the first Act of Assembly tliat brings to 
 yniblic a name that will be forever linked with the history of Maryland. 
 Chapter 4, Acts of 1740, "was fortlie speedy and effectual publication 
 of the Laws of this Province, and for the encouragement of .lonas 
 Green, of the City of Annapolis, jirinter." For twenty-eight years, 
 and until his death in 1708. Mr. Green continued the jjrinter of the 
 Province. He was a man of ready wit, large lienevolence. and suc- 
 cessful enterprise. His journal, the Maryland Gazette, is one of the 
 fullest and most reliable sources of history left the State by the cor- 
 roding touch of time. 
 
 In the act that made iMr. Green the State Printer, he was required 
 to print, stitch, and deliver a copy of the jniblic laws, speeches, and 
 answers made at the various sessions, and was directed to make 
 marginal notes to the laws of the Legislature. He was also required to 
 reside in Annapolis. Each county court was obliged to lay a tax of 
 £15 yearly in their respective counties for the support of the State 
 Printer. The office was for two years. 
 
 The Legislative Records of this period contain numerous acts for 
 the relief of languishing debtors lying in prison for their debts. There 
 was quite a number so discharged from the Annapolis jail. 
 
 CHAPTER XXVII. 
 
 The Second Newpapee Printed in Maryland. 
 
 In that repository of archives — the Maryland State Library — will he 
 found nearly one hundred volumes of ''Tlie Maryland Gazette.^'' the 
 second newspaper printed in IMaryland. The dimensions of the Ga- 
 zette were exceedingly modest, its pages, but four in number, 
 measunng only nine and a half inches in length and seven and a half 
 in width.
 
 H I S T O R y F A N N A P L I s . 99 
 
 The first issue of the Gazetfe was dated Thursday, January 17th, 
 1745; the publisher being "Jonas tlreen, Post-master, at the Priiitinc: 
 office in Charles street," who announced that it contained "the fresh- 
 est advices — Foreign and Domestic." These advices wore from Lou- 
 don in the preceding August and from Amsterdam, Frankfort, and 
 Paris in the same month, and from Constantinople as far back as 
 July. News from Boston bore date of November 12th. 1744, and that 
 from New York was exactly one week later. 
 
 In the news from Paris of August 17, old style, was this item: "Six 
 of the most noted Fish-women of this city, took the trouble to go to 
 Metz as soon as they heard of the King's lUness, and made his Ma- 
 jesty a present of a Shirt and Night-Cap, which they had touch'd to 
 the Shrine of St. Geneveve : his Majesty slept in them very comforta- 
 bly, and the next day found him much better. No doubt Shirt anil 
 Night-Cap touch'd by the Shrine of so precious a Saint, contributed, 
 much towards his Majesty's recovery." 
 
 The last sentence appears to be the (jfazette^s. 
 
 Then, as now, editors like Presidents, felt incumbent upon them 
 to offer an ''naugnral address. Mr. Green, in making his bow to 
 the public, Siiid "the advantage of a newspaper "•" ■■■ * being so 
 universally known, renders it unnecessary to recommend a thing of 
 the kind; however, since it might be looked upon as unfashionable to 
 usher one into the world without a word or two by way of introduction, 
 we shall * * * * give some account of our design." "Our intent, "con- 
 tinues the editor, "therefore, is to give the public a weekly accoiuit of 
 themost remarkalile occurrences, foreign and domestic, which shall from 
 time to time, come to our knowledge ; having always a principal re- 
 gard to such articles as nearest concern the American Plantations in. 
 general, and the province of Maryland in particular ; ever observing 
 the strictest justice and truth in relation of facts, and the utmost 
 disinterestedness and Impartiality in points of controversy. 
 
 "And. in a dearth of news which, in this remote part of the world, 
 may sometimes reasonably be expected, we shall study to supply that 
 defect by presenting our readers with the best materials we can possi- 
 bly collect ; having always, in this respect, a due regard to whatever 
 may conduce to the promotion of virtue and learning, the suppi-essioii 
 of vice and immorality, and the Instrviction as well as entertainment 
 of our readers." 
 
 The advertisements of the first issue were four in number — one 
 offering a reward for a strayed or stolen stallion : the second, advertis- 
 ing a computation table for merchants ; the third placed on sale a 
 work entitled, "A Protest against Popery, showing the purity of the 
 church of England, and Errors of the church of Rome." This adver- 
 tisement is quoted entire ; "Lent sometime ago, but to whom is for- 
 got, a bound Book in Octavo intitled, News from the Dead, or True 
 Inteligence from the other World : On a Leaf preceding the title 
 page is wrote : 'The Wicked borrow and never return.' The person 
 who has it, is hereby desired to consider that Text, and restore the 
 Book to the right owner. ' ' 
 
 The subscription to the Gazette was twelve shillings, Maryland 
 currency, per annum. When the paper was furnished sealed and 
 directed, two shillings additional were charged. "Advertisements of 
 moderate length," were inserted at five shillings each ; subsequent 
 insertions at one shilling each.
 
 100 "The Ancient City.'' 
 
 Tlie Gazette was so much encouraged that, at the end of tlie second 
 voluine, it was able to enlarge ; and it continued to prosper and in- 
 crease in size down to lS:i!), when it had become a journal of very 
 respectable dimensions. It was. in that year, discontinued. 
 
 Its pages reflect tlie history of the province ; its columns show the 
 ways and thoughts of the early Mary landers. 
 
 the tirst volume contains many advertisements fo;- run-away ser- 
 vants, such as "'a negro boy, named Edward Mills," "an Irish sei'- 
 vant-man. Alexander McCoy." The rewards for their capture ranged 
 from "being well rewarded." to ten pounds. The descriptioas of 
 runaways were pointed, and did not mince matters. Sarah Muuro 
 advertised Elizabetli I rowder, a run-away, "as an Englisli convict 
 servant, ■■ * upwards of forty years of age, pretty tail and round- 
 shouldered, her hair very grey, and has been lately cut off ; but, it 
 is supposed, she has got a tower to wear instead of it." Thomas Wood 
 was advertised as being "5 feet, ten inches higli. has a fresh com- 
 plexion, short brown luiir, and one of his teeth broken. * * •■■ lie 
 goes by the name of John Wilson * ■'■'" * *" and has got a pass which 
 he has forged, of which he is very capable, as he writes a good hand, 
 and is a sly cunning fellow." John Jones, "a mulatto fellow," was 
 advertised as "about 2(i years old, has a deep dimple in his chiu and 
 a likely pleasant look, and is a mighty singer." The descriptions of 
 their wearing apparel were as minute. 
 
 An advertisement in October, 174o, announced, "next Spring a 
 caravan will be set up to go from said places, (CJ)arlottetown and 
 Patapsco,) to York, Lancaster, and Philadelpliia, for the conveyeney 
 of Passengers, Cxoods, letters, &c." Six months public notice was 
 thus given of a journey that now can be made from those points to 
 Philadelphia in six or eight hours : 
 
 Nostrums were duly advertised in those pastoral times. In the issue 
 of September i;J, ITio, one Francis Torres gave out in a flaming 
 advertisement, a page and a quarter in length, that he had possession 
 of certain Chinese stones and powders which had cured "Rheumatism, 
 Gout, Bite of Venemous Snake, Cancers, Swellings, Pleurisy, Tooth- 
 ache, Headache, and numerous other diseases, simply by an outward 
 application of the remedies." The announcement was followed by a 
 long number of certificates of persons, (which practice continues until 
 this day,) who had seen cures made, or had themselves been healed, 
 by these "chemical compositions." Some certified to seeing six per- 
 sons cured of rattlesnake bites, one of being cured of tooth-ache, one 
 of pain in the feet, one of a cancer being cured, and thus, throughout 
 the list, the marvelous healings ran. 
 
 But "Monsieur Torres" was not allowed to sell in peace his Chinese 
 cure-alls at twenty-five shillings per stone and bag. A correspondent, 
 in the Gazette, of November 8, stated that "if any one could not afford 
 the price charged for these articles, they should go to a cutler's shop, 
 there you will find a remnant of buck-horn, cut off probably from a 
 piece that was too long for a knife handle, saw and rasp it into what- 
 ever shape you please, and then burn it in hot embers, and you will 
 have Mons. Torres. Chinese stones which will stick to a wet finger, a 
 fresh sore, &c., &c., &c., and have all the virtues of — a new tobacco 
 pipe." 
 
 The powders were disposetl of in as summary a manner by this 
 critic. 
 
 I
 
 History of Annapolis. 101 
 
 The Gazette paid some attention to local mattei'S ; considerably more 
 to le^^islative proceedings. Its columns, in 1745, contained the 
 correspondence between the Governor and the Legislatnre when they 
 were at variance abont the imposition of a tax on tobacco, which the 
 Governor and council of State had imposed without the authoril y of the 
 Legislature. Several sharp m(>ssages passed between them, and contro- 
 versy ended in the dissolution of the Legislature by the Executive. 
 
 The marvelous pervaded the columns of newspapers then as well 
 as in these times. Thus we hear from Dorchester county, that, in the^ 
 great snow in Decemljer last, a poor man standing upon the limb of a 
 tree, with a broad axe in his hand, cutting off some boughs for fire- 
 wood, his foot slipped, and he tumbled down, and falling upon the edge 
 of the axe, (which was kept uppermost by the snow, ) his breast was 
 cut open quite the whole breadth of the axe, and his lungs came out.. 
 A surgeon, being applied to in a few days, made a pei-fect cure of, hiin." 
 
 In the date of June 3, 1746, the Gazette published this item : ''The 
 following article, having been transmitted with a desiie to have it in- 
 serted in this paper, it is therefore, without any alteration, submitted 
 to the judgment of the people : 
 
 " 'On Saturday, May 24, 1740. two men of repute, fishing off Kent 
 Island, about four o'clock in the afternoon, the weather clear and 
 calm, they saw to their surprise, at a small distance, a man, about five 
 feet high, walking by them on the water, as if on dry land. He 
 crossed over from Kent to Talbot county about the distance of four 
 miles.' " 
 
 The attention that was ])aid to foreign news was very great. Al- 
 most the entire paper, number after number, was filled with news 
 from important places of the old world. These clippings show a de- 
 cidedly Protestant* cast of sentiment. The following is an account of 
 a procession observed at Deptford, England, in 1745, honor of the 
 King's birthday : 
 
 "I. A Highlander, in his proper dress, carrying on a pole a pair of 
 wooden shoes, with this motto : 
 
 The Newest Make From Paris. 
 
 "II. A .Jesuit in his proper dress, carrying on the point of a long 
 flaming sword, a banner with this inscription in large Capital letters : 
 Inquisition, Flames, and Damnation. 
 
 "III. Two Capauchin Friars, properly shaved, habited and ac- 
 coutred with flogging poles, beads, and crucifixes, &c. One or them 
 bore, on a high pole a bell, Massbook, and candles, to curse the Brit- 
 ish nation with ; the other carried a large standard witli this inscrip- 
 tion : 
 
 Indulgences Cheap as Dirt. 
 
 Murder , Xine-pcnce. 
 
 Adultery Xine-pence half pence. 
 
 Heading the Bible A thousand pounds. 
 
 Fornication Four pence half penny fartliing. 
 
 Perjury Nothing at all. 
 
 Rebellion A Reward or draw-back of thirteen pence half 
 
 penny Scots money. 
 
 "IV. The pretender with a ribbon, a nosegay, &c., riding upon an
 
 102 ' ' T H E A X c I E N T City. ' ' 
 
 ass, supported by a Frenchman on the right, and Spaniard on left, 
 each dressed to the height of the newest modes from Paris and Madrid. 
 
 "V. The Pope riding upon his bull. 
 
 "The procession was preceded and closed by all sorts of rough 
 music, and after a march round the town, the Pope and the pretender 
 were committed to the flames according to custom, but not 'til they 
 had been first confessed, absolved, and purged with holy water, by 
 the Jusuit. The several actors played their parts vrith great drollery, 
 and the only token of affection to popery which the spectators gave 
 was a liberal collection to the money-boxes of the begging friars." 
 
 The character of the education, then available in the Province of 
 Maryland, is learned from an advertisement in the "Gazette." Mr. 
 Peter Robinson advertised that at his school in Upper Marlborough, 
 Prince George's county, reading, writing, arithmetic, geometry, cos- 
 mography, astronomy, merchants" accounts, "or the art of book-keep- 
 ing after the Italian manner," and algebra, were taught : also the 
 description and use of "sea-charts, maps, quadrants, forestaffs, 
 nocturnal protractor, scales, Coggershalls' rule sector, gauging rod, 
 universal ring dials, globes, and other mathematical instruments." 
 
 The hard, persecuting spirit of those times is evidenced by a para--,.: 
 graph taken from the same issue in which Mr. Robinson's advertise- 
 ment appeared : 
 
 "AxxAPOLis : — Last week some persons of the Romish communiou 
 were apprehended, and upon examination were obliged to give 
 security." 
 
 The same mind whs shown in the needless cruelties inflicted upon 
 criminals. 
 
 In the issue of Friday, .Tune 14, 1745, was this item : "Last week 
 at Talbot County Court, a Negro man was sentenced to have his right 
 hand cut off ; to be nanged, and then quartfred ; for the murder of 
 his overseer, by stabbing him, a few days before with a knife." 
 
 Another — "On Friday last Hector Grant, James llornoy, and Ether 
 Anderson were executed at Chester in Kent county, pursuant to their 
 sentence for the murder of their hite master. The men were hanged, 
 the woman burned. They died penitent, acknowledging their crimes, 
 and the justice of tlieir jiunishmeut." The latter sentence commends 
 itself to the sainted murderei-s of today. 
 
 CHAPTER XXVIII. 
 AXXAPOT.IS IN 1745. 
 
 The members of the House of Delegates for this vear from Anne 
 Arundel were Major Henry Hall, Dr. Charles Carroll, Mr. Philip 
 Hammond, and Mr. Thomas Worthiugton. For Annapolis City, 
 Capt. Robert Gordon, and Dr. Charles Stewart. 
 
 On Wednesday, May loth, 1745, .lames Barret was executed at An- 
 napolis for the murder of John Cain in Baltimore county, perpetrated
 
 History OF Annapolis . 103 
 
 under the following circumstances : Cain, Barret, and another man, 
 . all three of them convicts, were engaged in petty thieving, and Cain 
 was employed to sell some wool for them. He did it for eighteen 
 pence ; and, on his refusal, after several demands to give his compan- 
 ions their share of it, tliey drew lots who should kill him. It fell 
 upon Barret, and he inflicted a wound upon him with a knife, from 
 which he died in nine weeks. Barret appeared at his trial about the 
 first of April without remorse, but, at his execution, he "seemed peni- 
 tent for his sins ; implictily confessed the fact for which he suffered : 
 admonished the spectators to avoid drunkenness and passion, and de- 
 clared he forgave, and died in charity with all mankind.'"* 
 
 Slave catching tlirived in the province in these times. The records 
 tell of one John Irwin, who was well known in the province, "particu- 
 larly for his wonderful dispatch and integrity in taking up runaways, 
 and his remarkable good nature in sometimes helping them off. It 
 will be left to a certain class of moralists to determine which of these 
 traits led him to commit a robbery and murder on the public highway 
 in Scotland, which he expatiated by his life atEdinburg, Nov. 1744." 
 
 On Tuesday the IGth of July, 1745, there were great demonstrations 
 of joy, such as the "fii-ing of guns and drinkings of healths &c." 
 made at Annapolis over the reduction of Louisburg by the New Eng- 
 land and English troops. The newspaper of the capital gave great 
 space to the account of this capture, showing how keen an interest 
 the people felt in the achievement. 
 
 On the 4th of August, 1745, Sunday, a severe storm passed over An- 
 napolis doing great damage to it. A house was struck, and a man 
 .and his wife severely injured ; other persons, in and near the town, 
 were also hurt. Several cattle were killed in the country. The storm 
 was particularly severe towards South River. In this section three 
 riders liad just left their horses standing under a tree and had retired 
 to the house for shelter, when all of the horses were struck by light- 
 ning and killed. 
 
 On the loth of August, a lad, aged 13 years, William Watson was 
 knocked overboard by the boom of a schooner within Greenbury's 
 Point and drowned. On the 35th of the same month two "servent 
 men," one belonging to Mr. Tootell and one to Mr. Inch were upset 
 ,in a canoe on Spa Creek, and drowned. 
 
 On the loth of September, James Briscoe, of St. Mary's county, was 
 burnt in the hand at Annapolis pursuant to a sentence of court for 
 manslaughter, to which he pleaded guilty. 
 
 Robt. Gordon, Esq., was chosen mayor of the city in October. 
 
 In this year the ship William and Anne, of Annapolis, Capt. Stra- 
 .chan was captured — it is supposed by the French — then at war with 
 England — on her passage to London, and ransomed for 1,500 guineas. 
 
 On Thui-sday, December, 20th, a fire broke out about midnight in the 
 iCesidence of Mr. Gibson, in Annapolis, which, notwithstanding all possi- 
 ble assistance, entirely consumed the same, with all the furniture 
 •wearing apparel, and out-houses. Two negroes, a man and a woman, 
 perished in the flames ; the rest of the family narrowly escaping with 
 •their lives. "It is thought this melancholy accident was occasioned 
 by the negroes carrying coals up stairs to light tlieir pipes with."" 
 
 Friday, December 7, Robt. Gordon, Esq., and Walter Dulany were 
 * Maryland Gazette.
 
 104 ''The Ancient City.'' 
 
 iinaiiimoxis]y elected delegates to the General Assembly to represent 
 Annapolis. 
 
 On Monday, Aiigust oth, 1745, the Maryland Legislature began a 
 called session in Annapolis. A greater number of delegates was 
 never known to be in attendence at the first day of the session. Col. 
 Edward Sprigg was unanimously elected speaker and Major William 
 Tilghman appointed clerk. The Governor, Thomas Bladen. l\.sq., ap- 
 proved their election. It is thus seen the Governor had an important 
 prerogative in the House — the rejection of its elected officers. 
 
 "The session," said the Governor in his speech to the House, "was 
 occasioned by a letter I have received from the Governor of New 
 England, which shall be laid before you. You will find bv it, that 
 we are called upon to give our assistance towards securing to the 
 obedience of our Sovereign the late acquisition of Cape Breton." 
 After expressing his belief that the body would not l)e wanting in 
 patriotism in the matter. Gov. Bladen concluded his speech, with 
 "Tliis service requiring the first place in consultations, and the 
 speediest dispatcli, I shall postpone the mention of ar.y other Matters 
 to you, 'til we have discliarged our duties npon this point." 
 
 The Upper House of the Legislature in a brief address assured Gov. 
 Bladen the were ready to give all assistance in their power to aid in 
 securing Louisburg or Cape Breton to obedience to their common sov- 
 erign ; and were ready to show on all occasions their duty and zeal for 
 his Majesty's cause. 
 
 Gov. Bladen briefly replied to the Upper House : ' 'Gentlemen of the 
 Upper Plouse of Assembly, I thank you for your address, which can- 
 not but be vciy agreeable to me. as it confirms m^ in the good opinion 
 I have of your duty and alfeetion to his Majesty, and zeal for his 
 service." 
 
 On Wednesday the 7th, the Lower House, or House of Delegates 
 made their rei)ly. The jjeculiar phraseology of the first part of the 
 first sentence is noticeable. "May it please your Excellency, We 
 his Majesty's most dutiful and loyal suVjjects. the Delegates of the 
 Freemen of jMaryland, in tliis present Assen.bly convened, take leave 
 to acknowledge the favour of your excellency's speech at the opening 
 of this sessi.^n, and your goodness in communicating to us Gov. Shir- 
 ley's letter, whereby we have the pleasing news of tlie deduction of 
 Louisburg or Cape Breton, to his Majesty's obedience." They added 
 although exempted from the call for troops, they would proceed to 
 raise a supjiort, and promised to give tliis business their first atten- 
 tion. 
 
 On Friday. Gov. Bladen returned thisbrief answer : "Gentlemen of 
 the Lower llouse of Assembly, It is a real satisfaction to me to find 
 by yo;ir address-that you are resolved to act like good subjects, faith- 
 ful represenvatives, and true lovers of your country." 
 
 Thus far all was well ; but behind the Gov'?rnor's anxiety to secure 
 an appropriation for supplies for Louisburg was an executive skeleton. 
 Pie wanted the supplies voted at once. That was all, it appears, 
 that he desired, then he had the Legislature in his power. He had 
 the right of dissoluuon in his hand. So, if the Legislature was tur- 
 bulent afterward, he could prorogue them, and not disappoint his 
 wishes, but to send the members home before the supplies were granted 
 would defeat the very object for which they were called together. The
 
 History OP Annapolis. 105 
 
 Lower House, on which its seems devolved the burden and the honor 
 of defendinij^ the rio;hts of the "Freemen of Maryland" were as well 
 aware of this pitfall, as was the Governor who set it. They did not 
 intend to step in it. 
 
 On the eveninj^ of the 7th, probably after the other mild and agree- 
 able address had been presented to Governor Bladen, the followhig ad- 
 ditional one .vas passed by the Lov.^er House: "May it please your 
 Excellency, It appearing to this House, that there has been assessed 
 and levied V)y order of your Excellency and coimcil, the sum of one 
 pound of Tobacco, on every taxable person within this Province : and 
 to force the, collection thereof an execution hath been put into the 
 hands of the respective sheriffs : But in as much as it is not known 
 to this House, by what Power or authority your excellency and their 
 Honors have done tlie '■\arae, we humbly i^ray your excellency will 
 please to order to be laid Vjct'ore this House, the authority by which 
 the said tax hath been assessed, levied, and execution issued for the 
 same." 
 
 On the 12th another address was sent to his excellency. It read : 
 "]\ray it please your Excellency, We beg leave to repi-esent to your ex- 
 cellency, that, as the several Naval Officers of this province do, by vir- 
 tue of sundry acts of Assembly, collect large sums of Money for tlie use 
 of the public, we pray your Excellency will be pleased to acquaint us 
 whether they give any bond for the due execution of their trusts in 
 their oifices, and if any, where lodged. As also to cause the same, or 
 authentic copies thereof, to be laid before the House." 
 
 The Governor ignored for a time these two addresses from tlie Lower 
 House, but sharply rebuked that body on the 13th by the following 
 message : 
 
 "Gentlemen of the Lower House of Assembly, You have now sat 
 above a week, and no bill has yet been offered to me, or by what I can 
 find, sent to the Upper House for the pur[)Ose, I so earnestly recom- 
 mended at our first meeting, and which brought us together at this 
 season of the year. This Delay is the most extraordinary, as you 
 have, in your a ddi-ess in answer to my speech at the opening of the 
 session, made the greatest professions of loyalty to our gracious sov- 
 erign, a?id zeal to the common cause, and you cannot bxit know, that 
 the greatest dispatch is absolutely necessary, to render whatever you 
 shall think fit to contribute, of real use. This is a truth not to be de- 
 nied, and, therefore, it is that I postpone the mentioning any other 
 matter to you 'till we shall have discharged our duties upon this Point ; 
 which might very easily have b.een done in two or three days. I am 
 sensible that what is passed cannot be remedied, and that all I can do 
 is to remind you of your duty : therefore I earnestly exhort you, as 
 you regard his ^lajesty's honor and service, and your own reputation, 
 to discharge it without farther loss of time." 
 
 L^ndismayed by attacks upon their loyalty to their sovereign or in- 
 sinuations against their personal reputation, the members of the 
 Lower Housh, undei- date of the loth, made this manly reply : 
 
 "May it please your Excellency, Whatever construction you are 
 pleased to put upon our actions, we assure you, that our unfeigned 
 loyalty to his Majesty will never permit us to give the least delay to 
 anything that i-eiates to his service, and this is apparent by the early 
 and unanimous resolve of our House, to raise a sum of money for the
 
 106 "The Ancient City.'' 
 
 support of his garrison at Cape Breton : And accordingly a bill to 
 that end is in as great forwardness as the subject matter would ad- 
 mit, and will, with the utmost expedition, be sent to the Upper Rouse. 
 Were we iueliued to think of any other than a fair and ui)right be- 
 havior in your excellency, we conceive there is equal room to suspect 
 a delay on your part ; as you have had before you our address relating to 
 the authority by which your excellency and his lordship's council have 
 levied upon the people one pound of tobacco per poll, near as long as 
 the affair for support of Cape Breton hath been under our considera- 
 tion, and we should think it less difficult for your excellency to say 
 by what authority that tobacco was levied, than it is for us to find 
 out ways and means eifectually to answer the service of his majesty 
 with tlie greatest ease to the people. 
 
 "As wliat we are about to do for the service of our most gracious 
 sovereign is the result of our own free will, we are determined not to 
 be diverted from that method of proceeding, whereby we hope to 
 render it most useful and agreeable." 
 
 The quarrel was now fully inaugurated and the irate Governor was 
 not long in making a reply to this independent address. The next 
 day, the 16th, Gov. Bladen sent this message to the Lower House: 
 "Were I to judge of your address by the reasoning, language, and 
 style of it, 1 should put no other construction upon it, but that you 
 were at a loss how to defeat tlie service you are met upon, and tluit 
 you were resolved to treat me witli the utmost indecency and ill man- 
 ners, merely to furnish yourself with a pretence, that you were di- 
 verted from the method of proceeding that would have rendered your 
 tervices most useful and agreeable to his majesty. 
 
 "But, as you say, you ai-e determined not to be so diverted, let 
 your proceedings give evidence of the sincerity of your words, and 1 
 shall rejoice at it, and shall willingly lose the remembrance of your 
 extraordinary behavior towards myself in the pleasure I shall receive, 
 when I sliall see your actions correspond with the profession you make 
 of duty to his Majesty and affection for his service : This is the great 
 })oint you are met upon, and I must say, you have already let so much 
 time go by, that you have no more to lose, if you really mean to act 
 like good subjects and avoid an odious distinction tliat must inevita- 
 bly be made between the behavior of a Maryland Lower House of As- 
 sembly and that of all the other colonies, who have been applied to 
 on this important business. 
 
 "As for not giving you an answer to your address in relation to the 
 levy of one pound of tobacco })er ))oll, I have deferred i; purely in 
 respect to his Majesty's service which ought to have engrossed our 
 whole attention, and which, if it had, would have saved the pain of 
 answering an address of so strange a imture as what you have sent 
 me this day, wliich I know to be the production of a few. So to a 
 a few, very few, do I impute it." 
 
 Three days after, tlie Legislature voted £1,000 towards the support 
 of the garrison at Cape Breton. They had before made an appropria- 
 tion to this service of £2,090. Thus they showed their loyalty to 
 their sovereign, whilst they maintained their rights as freemen. 
 
 Once in the arena, the Freemen of Maryland, by then- representa- 
 tives, were disposed to bring their recalcitrant governor to the torture 
 block, and to answer for real or imaginary delinquencies. On the 21st,
 
 History OF Annapolis. 107 
 
 ■after reciting in an address to the governor that the people of Mary- 
 land were "burthened with many taxes and charges," they reminded 
 him there were certain fines, forfeitures and amerciaments, which 
 ought to be appropriated to the support of the government, and, as 
 there have been no accounts been rendered to the House of Delegates 
 for many years, they desired accounts of them from "1715 to this 
 time." 
 
 On the 23rd of the month, the delegates of Maryland sent his ex- 
 cellency another address. It was brief and pointed. It read : 
 
 "May it please your Excellency, You not being pleased hitherto to 
 give us an answer to a former address of this House, requesting you 
 would order to be laid before us, by what authority your excellency 
 and his lordship's council have caused to be levied on the people of 
 this Province one pound of tobacco per poll, we humbly presume to 
 renew our application to your excellency for that purpose. 
 
 "And we do hope this request will be the more readily complied 
 with, as it is the desire of the whole representative body of the people 
 of Maryland." 
 
 That day Gov. Bladen sent three messages to the Lower House m 
 reply to the addresses of that body. In the first he said that the tax 
 of one pound of tobacco was levied "by virtue of an act of Assembly, 
 for the ordering and regulating the militia of this province for better 
 defence and security thereof, which you will find in the body of laws, 
 2:>age 101." 
 
 In regard to the naval officers' bond, the Governor said they were 
 ^'lodged" with him, and he had ordered copies to be laid before the 
 House. 
 
 As to the fines and forfeitures paid since 1715, that were appro- 
 priated by the Legislature for the support of the Government, the 
 governor said that he took it "for granted, that the agents, who re- 
 ceived them, have accounted for them to the Lord Proprietary, to 
 whom only they were accountable." The same reasoning and man- 
 ner of reply was made as to the fines and forfeitures of common law. 
 The Governor closed his communications with "and if there was any 
 occasion to lay such accounts before the Lower House of Assembly, 
 as you desire, which I think there is not, it would be a very difficult 
 task on me to procure such accounts, because several of the gentle- 
 men who have been agents, are dead, and I am not acquainted with 
 their executors or administrators. The same reasons will reach the 
 amerciaments, and, therefore, I need not add anything more relating 
 to them." 
 
 The governor's replies in regard to the bonds of naval officer, and the 
 fines, forfeitures, and amerciaments ajipear to have been satisfactory ; 
 but not that in regard to the levying of the tobacco tax by himself 
 and council. 
 
 On September second, the Lower House sent the longest paper of 
 •the correspondence to the Governor, in which it recited the act by 
 which the governor claimed to lay the tax, and stated that, as this act 
 was one supplemental to one enacted to be hi force for three years, its 
 authority had long since expired. "And although," the address con- 
 tinued, "this be our opinion on that point, we take leave further to ob- 
 serve to your excellency, that it the said act were in its full force, yet 
 it does not appear to us, that your excellency and the honorable 
 board, have acted agreeable to the letter, meaning, or intention thereof.
 
 108 "The. Ancient City. ' ' 
 
 "It gives us great concern to have any cause of complaint against 
 or difference with your excellency, and that honorable board, and 
 therefore truly wish and hope to find, that the welfare and ease of 
 the peoj)le may, and will, be the measure and rule of acting. 
 
 "We, therefore, hope yon will agree with us, that it is a high in- 
 fringement on the liberties of the people of Maryland to levy any 
 taxes on them under color of law, as not only we, but our constitu- 
 ents generally conceived has been done in this case."* 
 
 * Tfii> correspondence is roviii i in tlie 'jurieiii numbers of the Maryland 
 Gazett?. 
 
 CHAPTER XXIX. 
 
 Anxai'oijs a Century Old. 
 
 [1749.] Mr. Allen, in his brooliure of St. Anne's Parish, says of 
 Annapolis at tins period : 
 
 "At this date (1749,) one hundred years had passed away since the 
 emigrants from Virginia had settled in the territory of this parish. 
 And it may be worth wliile to take passing retrospect of tlie changes 
 here during this period. The original inhabitants, the Indians, were 
 all gone. The Puritans, they too, as such, were no longer heard of, 
 their places of worship were desolate, and their graveyai'ds — where 
 are they ? xVt tlieir Proctor's Landing, a city had grown up ; it was 
 the seat of Government for the province. The Slate House, the Church, 
 the School Houses, and magnificent dwellings, some of which still re- 
 main,* liad taken the place of the log-hut of the emigrant and the 
 wigwam of the Indian. Luxury, fashion, and commerce, with tlieir at- 
 tendant dissipations and extravagance, had taken the place of the 
 severe and stern simplicity of the early settlers. The battles and 
 wars of its first days liad been forgotten, and the full congregations 
 worshipping at the Parish Church and the Chapel at the head of the 
 Severn, show that Puritanism had passed away. And this last men- 
 tioned change what had produced it ? The descendants of tlie early 
 Puritans were not a few, and many of tliem were still here ; but were 
 they Puritans ? How came all this ? Was it that tliere were lacking 
 hi Puritanism tlie elements of perpetuity ? True, in returning to the 
 church which their fathers had left, they sacrificed no doctrinal behef ; 
 still, the ecclesiastical government and the forms of worship, which 
 their ancestors liad called by such harsh names, and so utterly repu- 
 diated, were the same. Certainly, then we are left to the conclusion 
 that while the Church of England did embody whatever was needful 
 to self-i)resorvation and purity, the system which had here passed 
 away, did not possess them. For could earnestness and zeal and de- 
 votion have preserved them, they had contiRued to flourish." 
 
 As spiritual changes had taken place in the Church — so in material 
 matters, marked transitions had occurred. A hundred years had 
 
 * 1858:
 
 History of Annapolis. 109 
 
 given the matchlock of the Marjiander for the quiver of the Indian : 
 the pinnace for the canoe ; tlio printing press for pictorial chronicles ; 
 skilled tillage for ■^he unthrifty liunt ; African ^davery for savage 
 liberty ; the race-course for the wrestling match ; the school for the 
 war-dance ; substantial edifices for the wigwam ; the grand ritual of 
 a mi<rhty Church for the artless appeal to the 'Great Spirit ; the busy 
 throl) of aTi important Capital for tlie still-hunt of the savage. 
 
 The out-look of the city was fair and promising — its merchants had 
 secured the chief trade of the province ; ships from all seas came to 
 its harbor : its endowed school educated its citizens for important 
 positions : its thouglit made the mind of the j)rovince : the gayety of 
 its inhabitants and their love of refined pleasure had developed the 
 race-course, the theatre, and the ball-room ; — their love of learning 
 the Gazettp and King William's School ; — creations and enterprises 
 that made the province famous, in after years, as the centre of the 
 social pleasures, of the culture., and of the refinement of the American 
 colonies. 
 
 CHAPTER XXX..* 
 Chkoxkles of Annapolis from 1746 to i77.">. 
 
 [174G.] .January 28. the ship Aurora, Captain Pickeman, from Hol- 
 land, arrived at Annapolis with nearly 200 Palatines.! Four died on the 
 passage of twelve weeks. 
 
 Saturday, March 8, from 10 to 12 o'clock, there was a remarkable 
 aurora borealis at Annapolis. "It extended a full quarter of the 
 compass, and in some places resembletl a red-hot oven. The corusca- 
 tions, or streams of light, which were numerous, and continually 
 •changing shape and situation, reached near 50 degi'ees towards the 
 zenith." 
 
 The importance of Annapolis in the province at this time can be 
 seen from the fact that Baltimoreans were obliged to do their adver- 
 tising in the Annapolis paper — Wvi (razetU, — the only journal then 
 printed in Maryland. 
 
 On Tuesday, the 6th of May, the long boat of the ship Richmond, 
 was upset about three miles from ToUey's Point, and the boatswain, gun- 
 ner, and three others were drowned. About a week afterwards their 
 bodies washed ashore near Annapolis. 
 
 At a meeting of the corporation about this period, all by-laws were re- 
 pealed, and fourteen others were enacted in their stead, constituting 
 at that time the entire local code of the city. They were : 
 
 1. To prevent nuisances. 
 
 2. To ascertain the allowance to juries for verdicts. 
 
 3. To oblige officers to attend to their duties. 
 
 • T le iieras of thi rimptT :i'e t:i c • 1 111 li il V fr )in thi^ M.iryland Gazeite- 
 The quaint expres-ions aic t'le Gaz.-tt •'.-( own. 
 I Germans.
 
 110 ' ' T H E A X C 1 E X T G I T Y . ' ' 
 
 4. To iireveiit the dangers which may ha[)poii by the firing of chim- 
 ney t*. 
 o. For security of tlie peace. 
 
 6. ToprohiVjit keeping sheep, hogs, or geese, or useless cattle, or 
 horses within the town fence : except in styes and inclosures. 
 
 7. To prevent accidents by fire. 
 
 8. For the encouragement of tradesmen. 
 
 9. To prevent vexatious suits for srhall debts. 
 
 10. To subject such persons as shall hereafter be elected Sheriffs of 
 Annapolis to a fine, if they shall refuse to undertake the execution of 
 said otHce. 
 
 11. To prevent the dangers and accidents which may arise from 
 building, beaming, or graving ships, sloops, boats, and other vessels. 
 
 12. To prevent the entertaining and harboring of slaves 
 
 13. To prevent sundiy irregularities within the city of Annapolis. 
 
 14. For repair of the public streets and other purposes therein men- 
 tioned. 
 
 15. To repeal all former by-laws of this corporation. 
 
 June i;}, three persons were fined £20 each by the Anne Arundel 
 Court, held at Aimapolis, for drinking the Pretender's health. 
 
 On July 6th, the schooner Peggy, bound for Annapolis, with pas- 
 sengers, was struck by lightning near Sharp's Island, the mainmast 
 was rent from top to bottom. Ten persons lay for some time as dead. 
 On recovering their conciousness they were seized with violent vomit- 
 ings. The cabin was filled with a sulphurous smell. 
 
 The Gazette, of the issue of July 15. says : '"The gentlemen belong- 
 ing to the ancient South Eiver Clul). to express their loyalty to his 
 Majesty, on the success of the inimitable Duke of Cumberland's ob- 
 taining a complete victory over the Pretender, and delivering us from 
 persecutions at home, and popery and invasion from abroad, have ap- 
 pointed a grand entertainment to V)e given at their Club House on 
 Thursday next. An example worthy tlie imitation of all true loyal 
 subjects." 
 
 On Wednesday night. September 2nd, about midnight. Dr. Charles 
 Carroll lost a warehouse by fire, "the third disaster of the kind," 
 which had befallen him in eight months. Loss £600 sterling. 
 
 On the 15th of September, three companies set sail, in high spirits, 
 from Annapolis, to engage in the contemplated reduction of Canada by 
 the English. The Captains were Campbell, Croftis, and Jordan. 
 The men had attained great proficiency in drill. The practice of ap- 
 pealing to the ruler of the universe for success in arms was in vogue 
 in Maryland. The editor of the Gazette says of this embarkation and 
 enterprise : "This important affair must excite, in every true subject, 
 a hearty zeal and ardour in his prayers, that the Great God of Hosts 
 would crown their enterprise with success." Small caps are the 
 editors. 
 
 Monday September 29, Michael Macnemara was elected Mayor of 
 Annapolis. 
 
 Wednesday, November 5th, the great Whitfield visited Annapolis. It 
 was a day of thanksgiving. He preached a sermon from Prov. XIY, 
 28 ; "Righteousness exalteth a nation." As the service ended, the 
 ornament at the back of the Speaker's pew. gave way, and struck 
 several gentlemen. Two were hurt severely. The fall was occasioned 
 by a heavy gust of wind.
 
 History OF Ax xAPOLis. Ill 
 
 During: -this year the sloop Molly, of Annapolis. Charles Giles, com- 
 mander, bound to Barbadoes, was captured by a French privateer. 
 
 [1747.] Tuesday. .January 6, was launched a very fine andla;-2:e ship, 
 belousrinij to Jlr. William Robert, of Annapolis. She was called the- 
 Ruiiuyij and Long, after the names of the Builders, and would carry 
 700 ho2:sheads of tobacco. 
 
 On January 29, Sheriff William Thornton, by order of Anne Arundel 
 County Court, offered for sale to the highest bidder, two men in his 
 custody, for his fees. 
 
 The Maryland Gazette, of March 8, says, "on Monday last week, ar- 
 rived in Patuxent, Capt. Isaac Johns, from London, which place he 
 left the 18th of December last. We have not yet learned of any news 
 lie has brought except that he left Portsmouth twenty-four hours 
 after a Fleet bound to America, under convey of a Man of War ; 
 whom were the Captains German Cole for Patuxent. and Grindell and 
 Creagh for Patapsco. He also brings advice, that his Excellency 
 Samuel Ogle, Esq.. with his Lady and Family, is on board the same 
 Man of War, bound hither, with a commission to resume the Govern- 
 ment of this Province ; his Excellency the present Governor desighing 
 for England this Spring." 
 
 On March 9, Thomas Williamson, advertised that "he gives good 
 encouragement to men, women, and children, that can be aiding and 
 assisting in the business of making duck and osnabrigs ; especially 
 spinners." 
 
 By letters from London, the Gazette, of March 17, says, we learn 
 that the Snow Glasgow, Capt. Montgomery, and the Ship Prince 
 George, Capt. Coulter, both bound hither, were taken the 10th of 
 SepteraVjer last, about 50 leagues from the Capes, by four Frenchmen 
 of Avar from the West Indies, who, after they had taken out the goods, 
 burnt both the vessels. 
 
 Stephen West, Jr., advertised in March of this year for persons who 
 "are skilled in spinning of Hemp for sail-cloth, osnabrigs, sacking, or 
 cordage ; and weaving of sail cloth, &c., or laying of rope, having all 
 materials in readiness for carrying on the business." 
 
 A touch of Balti7nore's growing commercial importance was felt at 
 this time, the Gazette of Tuesday, March 24, argumentatively saying : 
 "Last Saturday sailed out of Severn River, the Ship Britannia, Capt. 
 John Hutchinson, for London, having onboard 1064 hogsheads of to- 
 bacco, consigned to Mr. John Hamburg. The great dispatch which 
 has been made in the loading of that large ship, being but littie more 
 than two months (all our navigation being stopped for many weeks in 
 the winter,) and the dispatch which those ships that load in that 
 river commonly made, is enough to make one wonder that so niany go 
 further up the Bay into Patapsco to load, where the navigation is so 
 much more difficult, and must consequently take much longer time ; 
 and where we are well informed the worm bites as bad as in Severn." 
 
 The Brig, Raleigh, late the Raleigh Privateer, Capt. Samuel Allyne, 
 from Annapolis, with 5,000 bushels of wheat for Madeira, ran ashore 
 and bilged on Willoughly's Point in Virginia, on the 21st of March at 
 night. " The vessel and cargo were lost, and the crew saved with much 
 difficulty. 
 
 During April of this year, "some villians broke into the Council 
 House in this city, and stole some of the arms. His Excellency, the
 
 112 ' ' T H E A N c I E N T City.'' 
 
 Governor, has issued a Proclamation, offering a reward of fifty pounds 
 to an V o:ie that will discover the person or persons concerned in the 
 fact." 
 
 On Friday, M{\y29, Dr. Aiexanderllamilton, of Annapolis, v\-as mar- 
 ried to Miss Margaret Dulany, (daughter to the Hon. Daniel Duhiny. 
 Esq., "a well accomplished and agreeable young lady, with a hand- 
 some fortune." 
 
 On Tliursday night the 12th of May, ''died here, after a short illness. 
 Miss Anne Ogle, eldest daughter o'' his ExceHency, our Governor, a 
 A^ery hopeful and promising young lady, endowed witli a surprising wit 
 and every endearing quality, beyond most of her tender years ; and is 
 greatly lamented.'" 
 
 Wechiesday May 1. a negro man, named Tom. was executed here for 
 a burglary, of wliic-h he Jiad been convicted at tlie proceeding County 
 Court in Marcli. 
 
 On Sunday, .July I'^tli. last, two very hopeful children, the eldest 
 sons of Mr. William Ueynolds, hatter, of this place, one of them 7. 
 the other 6 years of age, were drowned. Their bo:lies were soon after 
 taken up. 
 
 Among the Acts, passed at the late Session, wasone "for rejjairingand 
 amending the public and county goal, in the city of Annap^'lis."' Also, 
 one for tlie speedy and effectual pul)licatiou if the Laws of this 
 "Provinces and tor the encouragement of .Inuas Green, Printer." 
 
 On Tuesday, .July 28th last, "Mr. Nicholas Maccubbin, of Annapo- 
 lis, merchant, was married to Miss Mary Carroll, only daughter of 
 Dr. Charles Carroll, a young gentlewoman blessed with every good 
 qualification, liaving a handsome fortune.'' 
 
 A number of tlie Rubeh. imported in the ship .Johnson, into Oxford, 
 were brought to Annapolis about tliis time and were put u|)on sale. 
 
 On tlie 3rd of August, the body of Elisha Williams was found 
 drowned — servant to .John Senliouse. An inquest was lield. tlie 
 coroner, at tlie tune, charging "the too often rigorous us;ige and ill- 
 treatment of masters to servants, whereby it very often happened, 
 that such ill-usage was the eansage of many servants making an end 
 of themselves one way or other." The jury then took evidence. 
 What was the exact result of their labors it is difficult to say, as the 
 only record there is at hand is the Uazetli-'s account given in the fol- 
 lowing clouded style : "The jury gave the following verdict; viz: 
 That by his having been lately ill-used by Hannah Senhouse. his mis- 
 tress, he went voluntarily into the water and was diowned, whether 
 his having been ill-used, or expectation for the future to be so, was 
 the cause of this drowning is left to a Grand Inquest for the body of 
 this county to enquire into; and we are informed, tliat the transgres- 
 sor, as well as the evidences, are bound over to the next Assize-Court. 
 It is, therefore, to be hoi)ed, and it is the intent of this (being hi 
 print,) that all masters may, and will, for the future, use their ser- 
 vants according to their deserts, let the consequence of this case end 
 in whatever manner it will." 
 
 At this period Nicholas Clouds kept "boats and hands at Broad 
 Creek, on Kent Island, to cro-:s the Bay to Annapolis with gentlemen 
 and their horses, and like wise from Annapolis to Kent Island." 
 
 The Annapolis Company, Capt , Campbell, showed the white feather at 
 Saratoga. Lieutenant Joseph Chew of that company, and who was 
 taken prisoner, stated : "We were indeed over-matched, yet our men
 
 History OF Annapolis. 113' 
 
 behaved ill ; some threw away their pieces ^vithout ever firing of them ; 
 others fired once, and ran oif." 
 
 On November 16th, a negro man, named York, was convicted of 
 horse-stealing in Anne Arundel county, and sentenced to death, 
 and, on Wednesday, December 9, was executed at Annapolis. In con- 
 tradistinction to the great parade made today in the newspapers when 
 a criminal is hung, the Maryland Gazette summed up the whole mat- 
 ter in two lines. 
 
 December 14, the General Assembly was convened in extra session 
 by Gov. Samuel Ogle. A quorum not appearing, the Assembly was 
 prorogued until Monday the 21st. On the 23nd, the Governo/made 
 his speech to membeis, excusing the necessity of calling them together 
 at that season, but lie added he "thought it my indispensible duty to 
 obey his majesty's commands, which I shall lay before you." He- 
 further stated what his majesty desired was that money he raised to- 
 support their own colonial troops in the war against the French until 
 the whole expenses could be laid before Parliament. 
 
 The Upper House expressed its willingness to do all it could to de- 
 monstrate their loyalty to their sovereign ; the Lower House, the im- 
 mediate representative of the people, was more cautious in its ex- 
 pressions. After stating the inconvenience with which they had as- 
 sembled, they exjiressed their willingness to do all in their power tO' 
 answer "his royal expectations." Tliey also informed his Excellency 
 that they would take the subject into their "serious consideration; 
 and determine thereupon, agi-eeable to the present circumstances of 
 the people we represent." They were not long in coming to a con- 
 clusion. On that very day it seems they made a further address to 
 the Governor, in which they represented "that the vast charge and ex- 
 pense the people of this province have already been at, in lodging, 
 maintaining here, and transporting to Albany in the province of New 
 York, the place of general rendezvous, and further supplying those 
 levies with provisions there ; together with the heavy taxes, and other 
 difficulties, under which the people we represent now labor ; have 
 rendered it altogether impracticable for us to raise or advance any sum 
 for payment of the said forces. And as no further business lies before, 
 this House, we pray your Excellency will please to put an end to this 
 meeting." 
 
 The Governor replied to the Lower House, "I wish with all my 
 heart you could have thought of any way of answering his majesty's 
 expectations at this time, in relation to our own levies, agreeable to- 
 the zeal you have hitherto shown upon the like occasions ; but as you 
 represent it impracticable for us to raise or advance any further sum 
 for the payment of the said forces, nothing remains for me to do, but 
 to put an end to this Assembly." 
 
 The Legislature was prorogued to the second Tuesday in May en- 
 suing. 
 
 On the 37th of December, Mrs. Baldwin, aged 99 or 100 years, died 
 near Annapolis on her son's plantation. She is said to have been bom 
 in Anne Arundel which would make her birth about the settlement of 
 the county. She left behind a numerous progeny. 
 
 [1748.] Information arrived at Annapolis early in this year that the 
 schooner Hopewell, Capt. Coulhon, of Annapolis, had be%n captured 
 bv the French.
 
 114 "The A x c i e n t City.'' 
 
 The Judicial Proceedings of the province throw great light upon 
 the principles of the early Marylanders. We turn out of the way to 
 take a case from Baltimore county. On the second of that assize "one 
 Bevis Pain, an old grey-headed sinner, was tried for blasphemy. His 
 abominably wicked expression (to vile and horrid to repeat) was 
 fully proved upon him, and the jury soon found liim guilty, and he 
 was sentenced to be bored through the tongue, and to pay twenty 
 pounds sterling ;. the first part of ihe sentence being immediately put 
 in execution, and he committed to the Sheriff's custody 'til he paid 
 the fine,'*. I 
 
 At the April Anne Arundel Court, "One "William Phillips, alias 
 Gormond, was indicted for burglary and felony. Cleared of the 
 l)urglary. but found guilty of the felony, lie was branded with the letter 
 II in the hand, and then committed for the want of security for his 
 good behaviour." 
 
 On the second of June, one of the Kent Island ferry boats, that plied 
 between Annapolis and the former place, was overset near the slioreby 
 a gale. Wm. Vickers, of Talbot county, Benjamin T. Fish, and John 
 Donnahoe were drowned. One person saved himself by swimming 
 ashore and another by holding on to the boat until he was taken oil'. 
 
 The captures, l)y "tiie Frencli privateers at this time, made an 
 armed merchantnum a valuable carrier. Thus, in July, the Shiji 
 "Winchelsea, Thomas Cornish, commanding, lying in Severn River, as 
 a carrier, advertised as an inducement to shippers that she carried 18 
 guns and 40 men. 
 
 On the 18th of August, Capt. Loyallfrom ^Madeira, arrived at An- 
 napolis in a sloop that had been taken from the French by an English 
 Man of War. Because the sloop could not be condemned at Maderia, 
 a court of vice admiralty met on the 23nd, at Annapolis, and con- 
 demned her and her cargo as a legal prize. 
 
 In August of this year, the Annapolis prison was guarded every 
 night by a strong watch, as numerous prisoners were in it who were to 
 be tried at the next assize for capital offences. For all that, on Satur- 
 day morning, the third, in broad daylight, about 8 o'clock, Mark 
 Parr, one of the prisoners charged with robbery, and "remarkable for 
 his many infamous rogueries, hanng found means to get off his irons, 
 scaled the prison walls, and wilked off. He was seen walking 
 through the town by several persons who did not know him. It was 
 stated shortly afterward, how correctly we are unable to say, that his 
 dead body was found in back woods. "■*••• 
 
 On Thursday, the 15th of September, court ended for Anne Arundel 
 county. On that day "Joseph Humes ; of the city of Annapolis," 
 Jeweler, for a burglary and felony, in breaking open and entering tlie 
 store of Mr. Lyde Goodwin, merchant in this city, and stealing from 
 thence several things of value ; Mathew Lapear and Charles Higgin- 
 son, for breaking open and robbing the store of Dr. James Walker, 
 near Patapsco Ferry, were sentenced to death. On Wednesday the 
 21st of September, Higginson was reprieved, liut the other two on 
 that day were executed at the gallows near Annapolis. It would 
 seem from'the expression "at the gallows" that this horrid instrument 
 ■was in such constant use it was kept continually erected. Humes 
 J Gfzette. 
 
 •♦ M«i. Gazette.
 
 History of A x x a p o l i s . 11.") 
 
 and Lajjcar "were attended to the place of execution by a nuinerons 
 crowd of spectators, implicitly confessed the facts for which they 
 suflfered, behaved with great decency, and declared they died in charily 
 with all lihe world, "t 
 
 On Thursday, the 22nd of September, the Ship Winclielsea, Capt. 
 'Thomas Cornish, sailed out of Severn River with 050 hogsheads of to- 
 bacco, consigned to John ITanbury. merchant, of London. 
 
 On Thursday, the 29th of Septemlier, John Ross, Esq., was chosen 
 Mayor of Annapolis. 
 
 Two fatal accidents on a vessel in South River is recorded on the 
 6th of October — a boy belonging to it fell down the hold and was in- 
 stantly killed ; and in the evening one of the crew of the same ship, 
 fell overboard and was drowned. 
 
 Felons were imported in the province as late as this period — for 
 the Gazette notes that this day (the 2Gthof October,) the Snow Mary. 
 Capt. Brown, arrived in nine weeks from London, with 52 felons. 
 The same paper contains an advertisement for their sale for a term of 
 seven years. They consisted of men, women, and boys. 
 
 On Tuesday. Xovember 1st, Capti John Carpenter, died at Annapo- 
 lis, lie "had long been a worthy inhabitant of this city, and was 
 many years commander of a ship from London, in the tobacco trade : 
 and who, by a diligent apnlication and honest industry, had acquired 
 a considerable fortune, with a fair character." 
 
 [1749.] On March 2nd, Robert Gordon, Esq., and Mr. Walter 
 Dulany, former representatives, were unanimously rechosen delegates 
 to the Legislature for Annapolis. 
 
 On Wednesday, March 28, "the Rev. Andrew Lendrum was i;;- 
 ducted into this parish — Annapolis — in the room of the Reverend and 
 Ingenious ]\L\ John Gordon, who is removed to the great grief of his 
 parishioners, to St. Michael's parish, in Talbot county. "± 
 
 On the night of the 27th of jNfarch, the night after the county elec- 
 tion, at a tavern in Annapolis, "some persons being more merry than 
 wise, and not considering that Golden Rule of Doing to others as 
 they would they should do unto them, made themselves sport with 
 Mr. Vincent Stewart, one of the company, (who had been a little too 
 free with liquor.) liy throwing and tumbling him about whereby he 
 got very much hurt and bruised ; and last week he died. The coroner 
 has had an inquest on his body, which is adjourned some days. It is 
 a very melancholy affair, as he has left a sorrowful wife and six help- 
 less children." 
 
 On Saturday. July 29, Wm. Rogers, Esq., a gentleman who had 
 held many posts of honor and trust, died at Annapolis, in the 50th 
 year of his age. He was, at the time of his death, one of the Alder- 
 men of Annapolis. 
 
 At the ar.size for Anne Arundel coimty, which ended September 13th, 
 Charles Elliott received sentence of death for stealing a mare. 
 
 On the 29th of September, John Bullen, Esq., was elected Mayor of 
 Annapolis. On the election day a race was run on the race-course 
 near Annapolis, "for the late Mayor's Plate, £20. wliich was won by 
 Mr. Butler's horse, Calico.** At night there was a tell, where there 
 
 t Md. Gazette. 
 J Md. Gazette. 
 »* Md. Gazette.
 
 116 "The Ancient City." 
 
 was a great nuinl)er of gentlemen, and a splendid appearance of 
 ladies." 
 
 Joseph Wilson and Isaac Wright, in October, were sent to Jail for 
 counterfeiting bills of credit of the province. The counteri'eiting was 
 poorly executed. They were sent to Cecil county for trial, where 
 Wilson was soon after tried and received sentence of death, Wright 
 having turned State's evidence against him. Wilson, however, sub- 
 sequently broke jail and escaped. 
 
 On Wednesday, the 8th of November, the Ship Chester, Capt. Sedgley, 
 from Bristol, arrived at Annapolis with about 20 passengers and a 
 number of indented servants and some convicts. 
 
 On Wednesday, November 29th, the Ship Thames Frigate. Capt. 
 James Dobbins, arrived at Ainiapolis, with 120 convicts on board. 
 
 [1750.] It will be observed Vjy the following advertisement in the 
 '^Maryland Gazette,''' of the 7th of Fel)ruary, that the "servants" or 
 time-servicemen were sometimes men of ordinary education : — '"To be- 
 Sold. The time of a servant man, who has about six years to serve, 
 understands arithmetic, writes a good hand, and would do well for a 
 teacher of children in the coimtry. Enquire of the Printer hereof. " 
 
 Joseph Wilson, the counterfeiter, who escaped jail in 1740 from 
 Cecil county, got into a fracas in New Jersey, was wounded, and 
 afterward recognized and re-arrested. He was then confined in Bucks 
 county, Pennsylvania, jail, and succeeded in escaping from it. 
 
 Thursday, May 8th, the Legislature met at AnnajJoUs. On Wed- 
 nesday 9th, the Legislature discharged from their body, Mr. Walter 
 Dulany, a representative from Annapolis, "on account of his accep- 
 tance of the office of Deputy Commissary, for Anne Arundel county, 
 since his election." On Wednesday the 10th, Mr. Dulany was unani- 
 mously re-elected the representative of Annapolis in the same General 
 Assembly. 
 
 About the middle of this year, James Mitchell, a resident of Annapo- 
 lis, met with a singular and fatal accident, in Ilappahannock River^ 
 Virginia. He went out on a flat and becaraed entangled "in a great 
 number of sea-nettles and was drowned." 
 
 On Friday, August 31, a negro named Cuffee, was executed at An- 
 napolis for horse-stealing. 
 
 [1751.] On Thursday, February 28, Mary Steadman was found dead 
 in her bed with numerous bruises upon her body. A coroner's jury 
 brought in a verdict of wilful murder, and her husband was arrested. 
 On Friday the 12th of April, the husband, John Steadman, a Scotch- 
 man, Avas convicted of this murder. Besides many other bruises there 
 were visible on her throat the marks of a man's thumb and finger. 
 The evidence was entirely circumstantial. He was executed Wed- 
 nesday April 17, denying to the last his guilt. He was afterward 
 hung in chains on a gibbet near Annapolis. At the same time Daniel 
 Sullivan, an Irishman, who was convicted of the murder of Donald 
 McKennie in Baltimore -county, was hung. His body was sent to that 
 county to be placed in a gibbet near the spot where he committed the 
 murder. 
 
 On Friday, April 12, two negro women were executed at Annapolis 
 for burning down a tobacco house. 
 
 The convicts, ti'ansported to Maryland, committed numerous and 
 alarming crimes — murder amongst them. Thomas Poney, in June, 
 was sentenced to be burnt in the hand at Annapolis for burglary, and
 
 History of A x n a p o l i s . 117 
 
 one Sipheorus Lucas, for burglary, was sentenced to be hung. He was 
 executed at Annaisolis June 26th. Both these were transported con- 
 victs. 
 
 On Tuesday night, July 2nd, a bold robbery was committed in An- 
 napolis. Two armed men placed a ladder up to a dormer window of 
 the house of Mr. Charles Cole, merchant, and one entered the room of 
 Mr. Cole, with a dark lantern and pistol. Presenting the weapon to 
 the head of Mr. Cole, he threatened, if he made a stir or noise, to blow 
 his brains out. The robber proceeded to tie him, bruising him during 
 the ojjeration, and tellhig him his money he wanted, and that he would 
 have. Mr. Cole's servant-man John, who was in a house adjoining, 
 hearing a noise, looked out and seeing the robl^er's accomplice below, 
 was told by aim if he made a noise he would shoot him. The faithful 
 fellow, not deterred from duty by this threat? proceeded to get his 
 gun, and fired out of the window at the robber, but, missing him, was 
 'fired upon in return, barely escaping being shot. The robbers, being 
 thus alarmed, made off. A reward of £80 current money was offered 
 to the accomplice if he would inform who broke into Mr. Cole's room, 
 and the certainty of a pardon. 
 
 Subsequently, about the middle of August, John Conner, a convict 
 servant, confessed he was the accomplice who was engaged in the 
 robbery of Mr. Cole, and that Thomas Bevan was the one who entered 
 the room. Both were captured and lodged in jail. On being put on 
 his trial Thursday, September 12th, Bevan pleaded not guilty, and 
 when his accomplice was put on the stand against him, he objected to 
 him giving evidence as contrary to the laws of England. On being 
 told that there was a law of the province which allowed it. he "cour- 
 teously, " begged pardon for giving so much trouble, and entered a 
 plea of guilty. He was sentenced to death, and was executed at An- 
 napolis on Friday, Xoveraber2nd, manifesting much contrition for his 
 evil life, and, in an address on the scaffold, warning others by his bad 
 life and sad fate. He was transported from England for crime. 
 
 George Wilson was in September found guilty of the murder of 
 Capt. b^nith, near St. Mary's, and received sentence of death. He 
 was afterward reprieved. 
 
 Richard Whalen, a resident of Annapolis, about this time was 
 drowned in Bohemia River. 
 
 It was now that the authorities become thoroughly alarmed in 
 regard to the conduct of convict servants, and the magistrates of 
 Anne Arundel, during August, ordered that, for every convict servant 
 hereafter imported in that county, there should be £oO security given: 
 It was understood that other counties would do the same. The Gazette 
 puns on the fact that these people were sent to America for the better 
 peopling of the colonies. 
 
 [1752.] Green street was laid off in 1752 from Church [Main] 
 street to Duke of Gloucester, by Dr. Chares Carroll. He offered 
 lots on both sides of it for sale. 
 
 On Sunday morning. May 5th, Governor Samuel Ogle died at An- 
 napolis, in the 58th year of his age. His remains were interred in St. 
 Anne's Church. Benjamin Tasker, Esq., as the first person named of 
 his Lordship's Council, assumed the Governorship of the province 
 after the death of Governor Ogle. Governor Ogle had served three 
 .terms as Governor. 
 
 On Friday, May 15th, James Powells was hung at Annapolis, for
 
 118 '-The Axe IE NT City. " 
 
 burglary and robbery committed in Somerset comity. He fainted aC 
 the gallows, it was supposed, by the stagnation of blood caused by 
 his hands being tied so tightly. "On his coming to himself, he de- 
 sired the executioner to make haste and, amidst some private ejacula- 
 itions,w as turned off." 
 
 Benjannn Tasker, Jr., and Christopher Lowndes offered for sale in 
 Annapolis, by public advertisement a parcel "of healthy slaves, con-< 
 sisting of men, women, and children," directly from the coast of 
 Africa, in the Elijah, Captain James Lowe. 
 
 [1758.] Wednesday, May IGth, Charles Campbell, Daniel Spinkfe, and 
 John Brown, were executed at Annapolis for burglary. These frequent 
 executions at Annapolis were not all due to the dissolute morals of 
 the people of Anne Arundel, but the practice was to execute all the 
 criminals of the province at the Capital. 
 
 Several times in July d large wild bear was seen in the woods on the 
 North side of Severn, visithig plantations, and stealing hogs, and 
 other domestic animals. 
 
 September -Ttli, Ilobert Gordon, Esq. , died, aged 77, who for many years- 
 was' ' a reputable inhabitant of this city, having lield the offices of Alder- 
 man, Representative to tlie Lower House of Assembly, Judge of the 
 Provincial Court, and Commissioner of Land Office, which trusts he 
 executed with diligence and industry." 
 
 December 0th. Hon. Daniel Dulany, died. He had l)een Commis- 
 sary General, one of the Council of State, and Recorder of Annapolis. 
 "He was very eminent in the pi"ofession of law, and in all his several 
 t>tations, acquitted himself with strict equity and unwearifd diligence." 
 This was Dulany, tlie elder. It was the other Daniel Dulany that was- 
 so prominent for his ability. 
 
 [1754.] November38th, Messrs. Walter Dulany and Stephen Bordley 
 were chosen to represent the ciiy of Annapolis in the ensuing General 
 Assembly. 
 
 [1755.] March 13th, at the Anne Arundel County Court, Edward 
 Vmn was convicted of steahng a grindstone for which he was stood in the 
 Pillory and received thirty la>hes at the whipping post, well laid on, 
 "which convinced liim of having had a hard bargain." 
 
 Ponelope House was twice whipped and twice stood in the Pillory 
 for shop-lifting. 
 
 February 2yth, died here Mrs. Elizabeth Marriott, widow, who kept; 
 the Ship Tavern in South East street. She h}(d property valued at. 
 upwards of £3,000. 
 
 February 28th, was landed here "from on board the Good, Captain 
 Chew, for the use of the city, a very fine engine, made by Newthem- 
 and Reagg, No. 1800, London, which the inhabitants last year gener- 
 ously subscribed for. It threw water 150 feet per] (cndicular." Was 
 not this the city's present heirloom, "The Victory ?" 
 
 October 30th, Jonas Green was elected Con.mon Councilman in- 
 place of John Brice, Esq. 
 
 November 5th, the French and Indians were dra .ving so nejir the 
 province that it was deemed expedient to fortify Annajiolis. The cele- 
 brated Fort Frederick, still standing, was then" built in Washington 
 county. 
 
 November I8th, about 4 o'clock in the morning, a shock of an 
 earthquake was sensibly felt by many. 
 
 [1755.] On the first of December, 1755, five vessels arrived at An-
 
 History OF Annapolis. 119 
 
 napolis loaded with those unfortunate exiles — that Longfellow has 
 immortalized in verse. The people of the town were at first exercised 
 at the thought of having a number of "French Papists" among them — 
 the mixture beinp^a double portion of foreign and religious evil. The 
 poor Aeadians proved objects of charity rather than of fear, and food 
 and i-aiment were promptly supplied them. Three of the vessels were 
 despatched to other points in Maryland to distribute the exiles among 
 the people. One ship remained at Annapolis, and, no doubt, the descen- 
 dants of these unfortunate people are with us to this day. It is to be 
 regretted that the names of the exiles are not known to us that their 
 progeny might trace their descent from them — genealogical study 
 being a pleasure for which even our sturdiest Republicans have the- 
 keenest zest. 
 
 [175G.] February 5th, Mr. Launcelot Jacqiies, merchant, was 
 chosen Common Councilmen, in place of Dr. Charles Carroll, deceased. 
 
 February 17th, the birthday of Lord Baltimore was celebrated Ity 
 the Governor who gave an elegant entertainment. In tlie evening a 
 public ball was given at the Council House. 
 
 March 32nd, Col. George Washington passed through Annapolis, 
 en route for Vii-ginia. 
 
 Jiuie 24th, there was a violent gust of lightning, thunder, hail, 
 and wind. The lightning struck the Court House, and set it on fire, 
 but. by tlie assistance of the inhabitants and the fire-engine, it was 
 speedily put out. 
 
 July "8th, a Tannery was set up at Annapolis by Thomas Hyde. 
 
 Wednesday, the 10th of Noveml)er, was celebrated at Annapolis as 
 the birth-day of the King who, on that day, entered his 27th year. 
 
 [1757.] June 23rd, a number of young gentlemen of the place, 
 armed, went as volunteers from here, to join what other force might 
 be raised for immediate defence of the colony against the Indians. 
 
 Tliis is the style in which the fair were puffed one hundred years 
 ago : 
 
 "On Saturday last (January 1st, 1757,) Wm. Murdock, Esq., of 
 Prince George's county, was married to Mrs. Hamilton, of this city, a 
 most agreeable widow lady, of excellent accomplishments, and a happy 
 temper." 
 
 During the preceding fall and present winter Annapolis was infected 
 with the small-pox. Inoculation was practiced upon one hundred 
 persons ; all of whom recovered ; whilst of those who had it in the 
 natural way, one out of every six died. The family of Jonas Green 
 was afflicted to such an extent that many of his customer; were afraid 
 to take the ''Gazette,''' lest they would catch the disease. Mr. Green, 
 whilst he expressed a doubt as to paper carrying the disease, subse- 
 quently stated that people "need not fear to catch the small-pox from 
 the paper, as it was kept all the time a good distance from the liouse, 
 and beside the disease was now eradicated from his premises." 
 
 On March 10th, the Gazette announced that, "As almost all the in- 
 habitants of this city, who were liable to that distemper — (Small-pox,) 
 have either had it, or are now down with it, we hope in a very little 
 time the town will be quite clear of it, and business be carried on as 
 usual." The small-pox was so bad on the 27th of March that the 
 Legislature would not meet on that day in Annapolis, but was pro- 
 rogued by the Goverhor to meet in Baltimore on the fifth of April. 
 
 Febrnarj 14th, Col. George Washington stopped in Annapolis.
 
 130 "The Ancient City.'' 
 
 [1758.] March 32, "at night, at two minutes before ten, when the 
 air was very cahn and serene, we had here a very considerable shock 
 of an earthquake, but through God's mercy, it has done no tlamage 
 that we have yet heard from. For about |- of a minute, before the 
 shock, there was a rumbling sound, not unlike that of carriage wheels 
 on pavements or frozen ground, at a distance, which increased until 
 the shaking, and that lasted about half a minute."* 
 
 September 7th, Walter Dulany and George Stewart, Esqrs., where 
 chosen to represent this city in the Legislature. 
 
 The price of lodging at this time was about $1.00 per day, during 
 the session of Assembly. 
 
 November 7th, during an inquiry into a contested election affecting 
 a representative from this city, the question as to whether aldermen 
 had a right to vote in the election of delegates was decided in the 
 negative. 
 
 December 21, the election of George Stewart, Esq., one of the re- 
 turned members of the Legislature from this city, was set aside, and a. 
 writ issued for a new election. 
 
 [1759.] August 20th, Mr. Thomas Jennings, Chief Clerk of the 
 Land Office died here. He was succeeded by Mr. Wm. Stewart. 
 
 During this year, Uiany dead bodies of men, were, at intervals, found 
 floating in the dock. They were supposed to have been thrown over- 
 board by captains of vessels, to escape the trouble of interment. 
 
 [17G0.] On April 17th, a negro man, named Bristol, died at An- 
 napolis, aged 125. 
 
 A handsome collection was made May 29th, in the Episcopal Church, 
 for the sufferers by the late great fire in Boston. 
 
 The Windmill, built on Windmill-point, in this town, began to 
 grind September 1st, and was reckoned to be the strongest and best 
 built mill in the country. It ground, with a middling wind, 12 bushels 
 in an hour. It was built of stone and stood on the site of the Naval 
 Academy. 
 
 In November, a Stocldng Manufactory was in operation in this city. 
 
 [1769.] On May 11th, a servant of Richard Mackubin made a con- 
 fession that he was one of a gang of miscreants who for some time 
 past had been plundering smoke-houses, ware-houses, collars, etc., 
 which they entered by false keys. Eleven of his companions were ap- 
 prehended and committed to jail. 
 
 October 24th, a man, supposed to be intoxicated, went into a house 
 and demanded grog, which being refused, he drew a sword, and stab- 
 bed a Mrs. Cumberford, who bled to death before assistance could be 
 rendered. 
 
 In the Act, entitled "an Act for emitting bills of credit and other 
 purposes therein mentioned," passed during the Session of 1769, and 
 a sum of money not exceeding £7,000 Stirling, was appropriated to 
 the building an edifice in this city where the present (the second) 
 State House now stands, sufficient to accommodate the Upper and 
 Lower Houses of Assembly, the High Court of Appeals, Chancery and 
 Provincial Courts of this Province. 
 
 [1770.] January 11th, Mr. James Brookes, of Annapolis, was ajj- 
 pointed Clerk to the Commissioners for emitting bills of credit. 
 
 [1771.] January 12th, the following gentlemen were chosen to 
 
 * Md. Gazf t'e.
 
 History of Annapolis. 121 
 
 "represent the City of Annapolis in the General Assembly : Messrs. 
 John Hall and William Paca. 
 
 In an "especial Court" held here, January 17th, one person was burnt 
 in the hand, two ordered to be wliipped and stood in the Pillory. 
 
 Morris McCoy and negro Daniel, the former for the murder of his 
 master — were executed January 22nd, on the gallows near this city, 
 pursuant to their sentences : McCoy's body was from thence removed 
 to a place near which his master was murdered, and there hung in 
 chains, on a gibbet erected for that purpose, in sight of the road lead- 
 ing to the lower ferry on Patapseo Hiver. 
 
 As an instance of the curious matter deemed of such importance as 
 to warrant publication, there is published on February 28th, a notice 
 • of the inoculation of the Governor's two children and their safe re- 
 - CO very. 
 
 Mr. Ralph Dobinton, of Annapolis, was drowned July 4th, while 
 attempting to save another person, which person safely reached the 
 shore. 
 
 The new theatre on West street, was opened September 9th. This 
 was on the lot now occupied by the Express Office. 
 
 [1772.] A slight shock of earthquake was felt in Annapolis on April 
 25th. 
 
 Captain Dunlop, on board of a schooner bound for the Eastern 
 Shore, was seized with a frenzy on November 11th, and leaped over- 
 ■board, near Greensbury Point, and was drowned. 
 
 [1773.] On Tuesday, April 1st, as a young negro was digging away 
 a bank in a gentleman's garden, he undermined the earth to such an 
 •extent that it fell upon him, and killed him instantly. 
 
 The same day, a dispute arising between a man and woman, both 
 under the influence of liquor, the woman gave the man several blows 
 ■on the liead with a broomstick, from the effects of which he died in a 
 few hours. 
 
 November 14th, Mr. Robert Pinkney was killed by a fall from his 
 horse. 
 
 It was at this period the national feeling of the Annapolitans was all 
 aglow. The famous dispute between the brilliant Dulany and the 
 learned Carroll had taken place in the Maryland Gazette. Loving the 
 mother country with all the loyalty of a patriotic people, the citizens 
 . of Annapolis were yet more loyal to their rights, liberties, and sacred 
 privileges. The author of the letters of "The First Citizen," who 
 
 ■ sustained the extreme American side of the stamp act controversy, 
 was entirely unknown but so grateful were the people to the author, 
 that they instructed the members of the Legislative Assembly of Mary- 
 land, to return their hearty thanks to the unknown writer, through the 
 public j^rints. This was done by William Paca and IMatthew Ham- 
 mond. When it transpired that Charles Carroll, of Carrolton. was the 
 author of these letters, numbers of citizens went to him and expressed 
 their thanks personally. The knowledge of this authorship elevated 
 
 ■ him at once in public favor.
 
 123 ' ' T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . " 
 
 CHAPTER XXXI.* 
 Customs and Characters of the Capital. 
 
 "William Farris, Maker, Annapolis. " "Such is the inscrijjtion oa 
 the face of an old clock standing in an old hall in old Annapolis. 
 ^Vnd pray who was William Farris, the maker of this stately time- 
 piece that, in measured cadence, still records thecreeping hours mark- 
 ing the day of the month and showing the phases of the moon by the 
 appearance and disappearance of that ever rubicund and amiable 
 countenance which in obedience to the mysterious mechanism, peers 
 over and dodges behind the dial plate with lunar punctuality ? 
 
 "He must needs have been an oddity. The only record of his life, 
 his will in rhyme, turns up from the dusty pigeon hole of a dead law- 
 yer's office desk, legally endorsed, W. Farris, watchmaker at An- 
 napolis, Maryland, his wU — composed by Miss Charlotte Hcselius, 
 first wife of Thos. .Je nings Johnson, Esq., and daughter of Ileselius, 
 the portrait hmner.' " Here is 
 
 The Will of William Fakris. 
 
 "Old Farris one day, as he sat in his shop 
 
 Revolving the chances of dying or not. 
 
 The hyppo so seized him he tho't it was best 
 
 To divide his estate ere his soul went to rest, 
 
 So to work went the goldsmith : — Dreadful the' task ! 
 
 But first, for advice, he ajjplied to his flask. 
 
 The gin, ever generous, fresh spirits afforded 
 
 And the will as I heard it was nearly thus worded, 
 
 I, William Farris, being well as to health. 
 
 Knowing Death often comes to old people by stealth 
 
 And without giving caution, or caring for fears. 
 
 Will take whom he pleases, regardless of tears ; 
 
 So I now think it best to be thus on my guard, 
 
 By making my will, tlio' I own it is hard 
 
 To forsake all tlie gains I have made all my life. 
 
 And, Grod knows, 1 liave made tliem with trouble and strife. 
 
 Many nights have I watched, dread want to defy ; 
 
 Xow I make my last will and prepare me to die. 
 
 Then, I give and l)equeath to my dear loving wife ; 
 
 In case she's a widow the rest of her life ; 
 
 The plates, spoons and dishes, pots, kettles and tables, 
 
 With the red and white cow that inliabits the stables. 
 
 The landscape, and "Judith" that hangs on the wall. 
 
 And the musical clock hind the door in the hall. 
 
 My buckles and cane to son William I give. 
 
 And no more, because he's got substance to live, 
 
 His road I took care in his youth to instruct him, 
 
 Tho' I say it myself, a princess might trust him. 
 
 The dog grew ungrateful, set up for himself, 
 * A li\rs;e portion of this chapter is the result of the research, labor, and 
 abiliiy of Frank 1?. Ma.ver, E^q., who, with unusual personal kindness nnd 
 marked ze;il in the work of savins to history the chronicles of Annapolis, 
 placed his manuscript at the disposal of the author, who lias liberally availed 
 himself of the generous olTer.
 
 History OF Annapolis. 133' 
 
 And at Xorfolk, they say, he has plenty of pelf. 
 
 Since he's gone away 't will be best for his brother. 
 
 I give Hyani his portion to comfort his mother, 
 
 All the tools in my shop to said Hyam I give 
 
 And, if he minds work, he'll make out to live. 
 
 My coat, which I turned, is a very good brown 
 
 And may serve nuxny years to parade in the town. 
 
 'Twill be good as ever if he take my advice, 
 
 And the buttons of silver will make it look nice, 
 
 The place in the back which is greased by my club 
 
 Would come out if he'd take good care to rub 
 
 It with soap and with brush or good spirits of wine 
 
 Which will freshen the cloth and make it look fine. 
 
 The coat he mu^ wear with my corduroy breeches 
 
 When Abbey has given them a few odd little stitches. 
 
 And Ab' will be kind, I know, to her brotlier 
 
 Because he's the favorite of me and his mother. 
 
 A pair of silk hose I had when a boy 
 
 Intend shall be his ; 'twill give him much joy. 
 
 To own these said hose he has begged for so o^ten 
 
 But they n'er shall be his till I'm safe in my cofiiu. 
 
 I had always a mind to give them to Saint 
 
 'Till he, like a fool, turned Methodist quaint. 
 
 I swore at the time he never should have them ; 
 
 And I know Saint would vear, the other would >Mi'e'em. 
 
 For the reasons here mentioned I leave them to Hy 
 
 To wear if he pleases when walking is dry. 
 
 To my son, Charles Farris,* I have and bequeath 
 
 My vvatch and bird organ, and also I leave 
 
 To said son, as he pleases, a black ring or pin ; 
 
 There are two ready made which I'm sure would suit him, 
 
 They're the first that I made, rather clumsily done. 
 
 But good, in all consceince, enougli for my son. 
 
 The teeth he may have, rather clumsily strung ; 
 
 Every tooth that I've drawn since the time I was young ; 
 
 Six pair of thread stockings ; two cotton, two yarn ; 
 
 That my wife, poor dear woman, sat up all night to darn, 
 
 These will last him, with care, a very great while 
 
 And so money he'll save to make the pot boil. 
 
 To Saint Farris, my son, who is now on the seas 
 
 I will that he has any roots that he please ; 
 
 All my garden utensils ; "Swift's Polite Conversations ;" 
 
 And I wish he'd leave sea to live with his relations. 
 
 I know all their minds, and they all love poor Saint, 
 
 And his brother has promised to teach him to paint. 
 
 The "History of China" and '"Swift" sometimes lend 
 
 When your business or pleasure requires a friend ; 
 
 Such acts, my dear children, I very well know 
 
 Are of much greater service than making a foe. 
 
 Thank God ! I've but two that I hate from my heart. 
 
 And, as ill luck would have it, they're not far apart. 
 
 • In August 1765, Ch:iriei< FaiTi« is mentioned a < one of many citizens to re- 
 sist successfully the landing of t,iie,odious stamp paper.
 
 ;124 "The Anciext City.'' 
 
 I've the greatest dislike ; God forgive me the sin ;* 
 
 But indeed there's no bearing that old Louis Dinn, 
 
 There's another I hate bad as Quinu for the fraud 
 
 That his heart is so full' of that is Jonathan Todd.* 
 
 This sin, as I die, I hoj^e will be forgiven ; 
 
 Or, else, I am sure, I sliall ne'er get to heaven, 
 
 My sons, if you heed me, beware of such friends ; 
 
 They'll destroy all you're worth, if they have but the means. 
 
 To Nancy, the darling of me aiid my wife. 
 
 I give and bequeath the spinnet for life. 
 
 Once I thought she would play with the help of a master, 
 
 But, it grieves me to say, she learned not a bit faster, 
 
 Harry Woodcock I trusted to teach her to play, 
 
 But I soon found 't was money and time thrown away ; 
 
 So she did what was right, made me save all my pelf, 
 
 And picked out a tune here and there by herself. 
 
 All the town knows that Harry's a very great liar 
 
 And music from him she should never acquire, 
 
 What a time there has been for his making of money ; 
 
 Like a puppy he's missed it, like a puppy he's funny, 
 
 Poor devil, sometimes, in the midst of a gloom. 
 
 For a dinner he's forced to play the buffoon ; 
 
 But I still like old Woodcock 1 vow and declare ; 
 
 As a proof I shall leave him a lock of my hair. 
 
 To Abagail next ; my trunk, desk, and papers. 
 
 That's therein contained, and a large box of wafers. 
 
 The "Spectator" for her, as she reads very well, 
 
 And she'll soon learn to write, for now she can spell. 
 
 For Abb is tlie girl that would take the most learning 
 
 And, I flatter myself, she's a girl of discerning. 
 
 A negress, named Sylva, I leave to my Nancy, 
 
 For Sylva she'd always a very great fancy. 
 
 That woman's first child, about fifteen years old, 
 
 I give to my Abb lest for debt she be sold. 
 
 Poor thing 't was a fool from its birth, I well know, 
 
 But her mistress will teach her to spin, knit, and sew. 
 
 I leave to Sol Mogg for tolling the bell, 
 
 My old hat and pipe which he knows very well. 
 
 To my nephews and nieces my blessing I give 
 
 And entreat they will mind and learn how to live. 
 
 My thanks to the public I cannot express ; 
 
 Their goodness to me has been quite to excess. 
 
 My feelings are many but words are too few 
 
 To tell how it pains me to bid them, 'Adieu.' " 
 Here we have the man and his time. "He, in his brown coat and 
 silver buttons, the back marked by the quadrant of powder, the club 
 of his queue described as it moved back and forth with his head, like 
 one of his own pendulums, so fullfilliug the resemblance men grow 
 to their pursuits. We have a picture of his house, his family and 
 his friends, tlie 'Landscape,' and the picture of 'Judith' in the hall 
 with the musical clock behind the door, the spinnet in the parlor 
 
 * Tliese are lictitinus names but the 0( gnoineiis of r'-al neighbors were in 
 the original will. The author of thi? historv does not desire to tiand down A 
 private shmder.
 
 History of Annapolis. 135 
 
 and the red and white cow in the stable. Then there was the garden 
 and the shops with its many tools and few books, and its half century 
 accumulations ; prominently hanging among them all the trophies of 
 his dental skill, strung together : for trades mingled in those colonial 
 days when 'speciaUties' were unknown. His three sons had distinct 
 individuality, and his daughters Xancy and Abigial were notable 
 girls. He had a thrifty wife and his friend Harry Woodcock was a 
 ne'er-do-well genius. He remembers Sol Mogg, the sexton, and does- 
 not forget to put on record his irrepressible dislikes. In that brown 
 coat with its silver buttons, his corduroy breeches, and silk stockings, 
 'if the walking be dry,' silver shoe buckles, cocked hat, cane and 
 queue he paraded the town on Sundays, and on the King's birthday 
 for a loyal subject of King George, was he, the reproduction in the 
 Colony of a London craftsman, and a reader of "TAe Maryland Ga- 
 zette" for the latest news, only three months old, from Europe, and in 
 that venerable journal this advertisement for a runaway servant or 
 apprentice : 
 
 "Run away from the subscriber living at Annapolis, on the 37th of 
 this instant August, 1745, a servant man man named John Powell, 
 alias Charles Lucas, a Londoner born, by trade a clock and watch 
 maker ; he is a short, well set fellow, has full goggle eyes, and wears 
 a wig : He had on when he went away an Osnabrigs shirt, a pair of 
 buckskin breeches, a pair of short wide trousers, two pair of white 
 hose and a well-worn broad-cloth coat with metal buttons. 
 
 "Whoever secures the said runaway so that he can be had again, 
 shall have 3£ reward, besides what the law allows ; and if brought 
 home, reasonable charges : — " but in the next number we find that 
 
 "Whereas John Powell was advertised last week in this paper as a 
 runaway ; but being only gone into the country a cyder-drinking, and 
 being returned again to his Master's Service ; these are therefore to 
 acquaint all gentlemen and others, who have any watches, or clocks, 
 to repair, that they may have them done in the best manner at rea- 
 sonable rates." 
 
 Between one hundred and fifty years ago and and today there is no 
 greater change than in the matter of a gentleman's dress. "In the 
 male sex a fear of color and a slouchy negligence of attire charac- 
 terize the nineteenth century ; in the eighteenth the porte and bear- 
 ing of a man indicated his social rank and a 'gentleman' was sujj- 
 posed to be accomplished in all knightly exercises. The dress more- 
 over exacted attention to mein and bearing, as any lack of muscular 
 development was at once apparent and exposed the imfortunate weak- 
 ling to ridicule from the fair. We of today are disposed to measure 
 dress and manner by the narrow standard of utility and to forget that 
 ofttimes "manners make the man" and that an attire expresses as 
 much as words. Perhaps the old-school exaggerated the needs of 
 courtesy and deportment, but, when we consider what a time and 
 trouble a full dress toilet must have cost my gentleman, may we not 
 pardon that frailty of human nature w^hich sought to display his art 
 to the best advantage ? To the complete gentleman dancing and 
 fencing were as indispensable parts of education then 'as the use of 
 the globes,' and a man's legs and spine were objects of critical scru- 
 tiny." 
 
 Mr. Charles Peale, probably the father of our Xestor of American
 
 120 ''THEANCIENTClTr.'' 
 
 artists, Charles Wilson Peale, advertises in the JIarylund Gazette 
 1745, that, 
 
 "At Kent County School, Chestertown, Maryland, young gentleman 
 are boarded and "taught the Greek and Latin tongues. Writing, 
 Arithmetic, Merchants accounts. Surveying, Navigation, and the use 
 of the Globes by the largest and most accurate pair in America : also 
 any other parts of the Mathematics. — N. B. Young gentlemen can be 
 instructed in Fencing and Dancing by veiy good Masters." 
 
 The ranks of Colonial society were most sharply defined in those 
 days and the physiognomy and costumes at once indicated the social 
 position. Of the dress and features of the convict and hewers of 
 wood and drawers of water, we have detailed desci'iptions in the re- 
 wards offered for runaway servants (both white and lilack.) and there- 
 from could reproduce a motley group of the tramps of 174.'). 
 
 These white men and women were sold for a term of years to pay 
 their passage money from England and seem to have been an uncer- 
 tain kind of property. Dominick llogan, a runaway Irish servant, 
 wears a brown great coat, a blue jacket, shirt, and trousers, and "has 
 an Iron collar about his neck." A liighland Scotch servant wears a 
 red pea-jacket, a double breasted white flannel vest, white ribbed 
 stockings, a cap, a white wig, and a felt hat. Another, "a white 
 Whitney coat and breeches, a green callimanco jacket witliout sleeves, 
 white thread stockings, a fi".e hat and a large brown wig." 
 
 "An English convict servant woman, named Elizabeth Crowder, by 
 trade a quilter, she is upwards of fourty years of age pretty tall and 
 round shouldered, her hair very gray and ims lately been cut off, but 
 it is supposed she has got a tower to wear instead of it. She had on 
 when she went away a dark stripped cotton and silk gown, a blue 
 quilted coat, blue worsted stockings, and black shoes newly soled. 
 She had with her a large V)und]e with sundry things in it, particulaidy, 
 a sprigged linen gown, shifts, caps, aprons, etc. 
 
 "A convict servant man. imported in the St. George, named Hugh 
 Roberts, is a thick, likely, full faced, middle sized fellow but stoops a 
 little ; had on a short black wig, a full trimmed, open-sleeved, blue 
 cloth coat, almost new ; a full trimmed scarlet waistcoat \vith a double 
 row of buttons, red plush breeclies. and diced yarn stockings. He 
 was born in Shropshire, has been used to farming and malting, and 
 can write a little. Whoever takes him up and returns him to the ship 
 shall have four poimds reward and reasonable charges from Captain 
 James Dobbins. 
 
 "28 July 1747. A number of rebels imported in tlie sliip Johnson, 
 into Oxford, (Md.) are brought over liere and are now upon sale." 
 These were Scottish patriots who. having risked their lives in the cause 
 of the "Young Pretender" of '45, were transported as their reward. 
 22 March. 1753. "Just imported from London in the Brigantine Grove. 
 Capt. Robert Wilson, and to be sold by the subscribers, on board the 
 said brigantine in West river, for sterling or current money. A par- 
 cel of healthy indented servants ; among whom there are tradesmen 
 and husbandmen. Samuel Galloway." 
 
 Of the Ladies, except in their praise, the Gazette has little to say, if 
 we except a "protest against stays," wliich met with the writer's un- 
 .qualified disapproval, and a "history of female dress" in which says 
 the author, "my business today is chiefly with the ladies, on whose
 
 History of AxyAPOLis. 127 
 
 dress I intend to treat with the same delicacy and tenderness as I 
 shonld nse in my approach to their pretty persons." 
 
 A English lady's dress of that day is thus described. "A black silk 
 petticoat with a red and white calico border ; cherry colored stays. 
 trimmed with blue and silver ; a red and dove colored gown, flowered 
 with large trees ; a yellow satin apron, elaborately trimmed ; a ransliu 
 head-dress with' lace ruffles ; a black silk scarf ;anda spotted silk hood 
 or 'capuchin.' " • 
 
 "To judge by cotemporary records and portraits the fashions of the 
 colonies were no ways behind those of "home," as they persistently 
 called old England. In those days fashions did not so rapidly vary as 
 nowadays, and the materials were substantial, as notably the damasks 
 and bi'ocades, that dresses of necessity became heirlooms. We will 
 not dwell upon the female costume of the time as we arc all more or 
 less familiar witli the comparatively gi-aceless dress of that day, the 
 dress was stiff and graceless in those days. The stiff and unnaturally 
 elongated stays, the innnense expanse of skirt, sustained by the hoops, 
 the high heeled shoes and the towering head gear, the short sleeve 
 with immense cuffs, borrowed from the male dress, with the wealth of 
 lace falling over the arms. At that period, when, iu the history of 
 every style, it seems to attain its perfection, the male dress was emi- 
 nently graceful, stately, and ample, and displayed the figure to great 
 advantage ; the female fashion for a while yielded to some harmony 
 with nature and the natural hair was worn of becoming length, the 
 hoops somewhat curtailed and aprons, even in full dress, became the 
 vogue. This was about 1750. 
 
 "Annapolis had then been the Capital of Maryland over fifty years, the 
 government having been removed from St. Mary's, the place of the 
 orignal settlement, in 1694, thus supplanting that ancient city in the 
 honors and emoluments of official patronage and witli the government 
 transferring the commerce of the colony. Annapolis was now 
 the rallying point of the cleverness and culture of such small popula- 
 tion as then existed in separate colonies or provinces. Opulent men 
 built costly, elegant houses as their city dwellings, if, as was commonly 
 the case, they had large i)lantations or manors, where they dwelt at 
 other seasons, superintending Maryland's grand staple of that time — 
 Tobacco. Tobacco from America became smoke in the old world, but 
 brought back very solid revenue, together with all the luxuries of life. 
 Troops of slaves, docile as in the Orient, supplied service. Lumbering 
 equipages, or very rickety stage-coaches, but generally suj)erb Jiorse,s, 
 bore the colonists about the country. In town they visited in sedan-chairs 
 borne by lacquers in livery. They sat on carved chairs, at quaint 
 tables, amid piles of ancestral silverware, and drank puncli out of 
 vast, costly bowls from Japan, or sipped Madeira, half a century old. 
 At Annapolis they laid out the best race course in the Colonies and built 
 certainly the first theatre. Here the best law-learning of America 
 was gathered — the Jennings, Chalmers, Rogers, Stones, Pacas, John- 
 sons, Dulanys. Dulany's opinions were sent for even from London. 
 They built a superb ball room which a British traveller called 'ele- 
 gant.' 
 
 "The clergy were commonly men of culture sent from England, and 
 portioned on the province by the proprietary. Generally they were 
 men of excellent education and manners, seldom would one of 
 & different character be tolerated by the high-toned men who
 
 128 "TheAncientCity.'' 
 
 composed the vestries. These clergymen dkl not abandon their classic- 
 pursuits when they crossed the sea, and familiarly wrote Latin notes- 
 to their boon companions of Annapolis, whose culture, in those days, 
 enabled them to answer in the same language. They were free hearty 
 livers, importing and relishing their old Madeira ; and it was in An- 
 napolis that soft crabs, terrapins, and canvass-back ducks first ob- 
 tained their renown as the greatest delicacies of the world. 
 
 "The style of the time was iu winter, to enjoy the capital, but, in 
 milder seasons, to travel a social round among the great estates and 
 manors — until the principal families of Calvert, St. Mary's, Charles, 
 Prince George's, and Anne Arundel counties, and across the Bay, on 
 the Eastern Shore, were visited. They were bold riders, expert in 
 hounds and horse flesh ; and the daily fox-chase, in season, was as 
 much a duty to our systematic ancestors as it was to go to the parish 
 church with proper equipage and style on Sunday. 
 
 "With races every fall and spring ; theatres in winter ; assemblies 
 every fortnight ; dinners three or four times a week ; a card party 
 whenever possible ; athletic fox-hunting ; private balls on every festi- 
 val ; wit, learning, and stately manners, softened by love of good fel- 
 lowship, it is not surprising to hear this character recorded of An- 
 napolis in 1775 : 'I am persuaded,' says a British traveller, 'there is 
 not a town in England of the same size of Annapolis which can boast 
 of a greater number of fashionable and handsome women ; and, were I 
 not satisfied to the contrary, I should suppose tliat the majority of the 
 belles possessed every advantage of a long and familiar intercourse 
 with the manners and habits of your great metropolis.' 
 
 "Between the old colonial mansions of the Northern and Southern 
 colonies a striking contradiction seems to exist-while those of New Eng- 
 land were invariably wooden structures with little use of either brick 
 or stone, in the colonies of Maryland and Virginia we find brick build- 
 ings of remarkable solidity and considerable architectural pretensions, 
 well developed and worthy examples of the style of Queen Anne and 
 the Georges. These interiors recall to us the Dutch taste of William 
 and Mary's day as seen at Hampton Court, and later we trace the in- 
 fluence of Sir Christopher Wren and the French architects of Louis 
 XV and XVI. In solidity and honesty of construction they shame 
 the insincerity of the builders of our day and raock the shallowness of 
 our modern pretension in their deep capacious window seats and noble 
 hearthstones — which measure the thickness of the walls. To climb to- 
 the attic and study the joinery of the roof would delight the heart of 
 a true artisan. A stairway is sometimes concealed in these thick 
 walls and suggests secret chambers behind the panelled wainscoating. 
 The stairways, ascending from halls that greet you with spacious wel- 
 come, glide rather than climb to the floor above where a large upper 
 hall or ball-room is often found. The walls are always panelled in 
 wood or stucco and the carvings which frames the high chimney pieces 
 and relieves the shutters and doors are evidently old-country work of 
 the school of Grindling Gibbons, and the decorators of Hampton 
 Court. The cornices both exterior and interior are • borrowed from 
 Italian designs. A noble hospitality is expressed in the great mansions 
 of this time — and a similar arrangement was adopted by most builders 
 to insure this end. The central or main building lodged the family 
 and guests and two wings or out-buildings, connected by corridors.
 
 History OF Annapolis. 129 
 
 served for kitchen, offices, and servants' quarter*:. The strange ab- 
 sence of verandah and porches in our climate can only be explained 
 by the Englishman's tenacity to English custom and refusal to 
 acknowledge that the sun was other than tlie sun of England. With 
 <Hir independence we began to develope a style in accordance with our 
 climate and copied from Italy the piazza, portico, and verandah. In 
 the less imposing houses, the homes of the people, the "hipped-roof" 
 was almost universal, in our day revived as the Mansard or French 
 roof. There is a look of cosy comfort in these old homes of the 
 burghers, arranged very compactly and worthy of imitation, even if 
 the ceilings be low and the chimneys quaintly placed in the corner of 
 the room or windows opened with charming disregard of conventional 
 symmetry. And can we forget those burnished iDrass knockers, the 
 housewife's pride, so eminently respectable in their size and rich 
 curvature, in their varied device and expression ; nor the 6 by 4 panes 
 in the broad sashes, the doi mer windows with their heavy cornices^ 
 the noble stacks of chimneys ; memorial pyramids of generous life, — 
 and the gardens that environed all ? 
 
 "An old fashioned Queen Anne's garden would now be rather a prim: 
 affair with so much box-edging and the walks so straight and Dutch- 
 like, but the old fashioned flowers would redeem it. There you would.. 
 find plenty of lilacs and snow-balls, then known as the golden-rose^ 
 privet and holly in the hedges and borders. Larkspurs, wallflowers,, 
 hollyhocks, i)eriwinkles, snaj)dragons, candytufts and daffodils would 
 abound. A damp, shady corner would be given to a bed of the lily of 
 the valley, and ten to one, but you would find a bed of chamomile 
 growing hard by a bed of lavender or sweet basil. Of course there 
 would be balsam, (only called 'lady's slipper') and rocket under the 
 name of 'dame's violet,' pansies known as ladies' delight or 'hearts' 
 ease,' pasque flower and cowslip, and meadow-sweet, and groundsel^ 
 and feverfew, and milfoil, yarrow, thrift, spurge, Icose-strife, honesty, 
 Adam and Eve, drop-wort, dittany, daises, jonquils, monk's hood, 
 innocence, wind flower and moss pink and the Joseph's lily and la- 
 burnum blooming in the most lilieral and splendid way. 
 
 "Fancy the delightful irregularity of the quaint roofs and chimneys 
 outlined against the warm blue sky ; the sparkling leaves and soft 
 glow of the flower beds, and listen, while you rest in the shady arbor, 
 to the cooing of the i5is:eons, the whirr and twitter of the swallows 
 and martins, and the defiant crow of chanticleers, heedless of the 
 moving shadow of the sun-dial on the chimney side. 
 
 "In the streets you find no pavements, they are still country roads 
 edged with green grass, and the rights of foot passengers maintained 
 by rows of posts. Here and there a more enterprising citizen may 
 have laid bricks and a curb-stone. Bookishness had not then blunted 
 the intelligence of vision, and the mind was still addressed by direct 
 appeals to the perceptive sense in the shape of signs of every descrip- 
 tion of imitative art. The dangling key, the pendant awl, the golden 
 pestle and mortar, the hammer wielded by a swarthy arm ; the sym- 
 bols of good cheer, as the 'heart in hand,' or maybe cheap boarding 
 expressed by the 'spider and the fly.' A jubilant negro, a jolly tar, 
 or a taciturn Indian, the master work of the ship carver, guarded the' 
 tobacconist's door and 'the thistle,' and 'the shi^i' 'near the city 
 gate,' invited the sailor as did the sign of the 'top-sail-sheet-block'' 
 9
 
 130 "The Ancient City.'' 
 
 near the market. The 'three blue-balls,' a rival of 'the Duke of 
 Cumberland' and 'the Indian Kh-ig,' was a tavern of Church street, 
 and there must have been a 'golden horse,' a 'l)lack bear,' and a 
 'white swan,' to creak in concert of a stormy night. The 'Annapo- 
 lis co/ffp-/(o«w' was the resort of the gentry. From the 'Gazette' 
 we read that, 'what a grievous thing the law is shown by a sign that 
 once hung in the rolls of liberty in London ; on one side a man all in 
 rags wringing his hands with a label importing that ho had lost /tif< 
 suit, and on the other a man that had not a rag left, but stark naked, 
 capering and triumjihing that he had gahicd it in crm-si', a fine emblem 
 of going to law and the infatuating madness of a litigious spirit.' 
 
 "Slany of these signs indicated the amphibious character of the popu- 
 lation of Annapolis, and were evidently inspired by nautical associa- 
 tions complimentary to the sea-faring strangers who frequented the 
 port, for the 'ancient city,' had its custom house ; a stately brick, 
 yet standing, but n(; longer the receipt of his majesty's customs. The 
 Maryland fleet under convoy of British men-of-war and themselves, 
 for the most part, well-armud gathered here as their port of destina- 
 tion, and many is the tale related by our old journal of their combats 
 with tlie Frencli men-of-war and privateers, a ijrolific nursery of 
 sailors' yarns, told in sea phrase, and recording British pluck and 
 contempt of the Frenchman. 
 
 "The two fair days of the annual fairs were the gala days of the peo- 
 ple, as the high days and hollidays of the gentry were the birth-days 
 of Prince and Proprietary. May-day, Whitsuntide, Michaelmas 
 and Christmas, Militia trainings, and muster-days also liroke the 
 monotony of daily duty. At the 'ffairs' horse-races were included 
 as a principal attraction and in one advertised for 'Baltimore- 
 town,' a bounty was off erred of forty shillings to any person that pro- 
 duces 'the best piece of yard-wide country-made white linnen, the 
 piece to contain twenty yards. On Saturday, the third day, a hat and 
 ribbon will be cudgelled for ; a {)air of pumps wrestled for ; and a 
 white shift to be run for by two negro girls.' " 
 
 A triplet of advertisements further illustrate the times : 
 "John Wallis, chimney-sweeper, who served his time to John Kent, 
 Esq., his most excellent majesty. King George the second, his chim- 
 ney-sweeper in London ; and understands that curious and difficult 
 btisiness as well as any man, lives near the gate in xVnnapolis and will 
 sweep chinnieys in the best and cleanest manner. * Any gentle- 
 
 men, or others, who shall be pleased to em])loy him may depend on 
 being served with fidelity, care, and dispatch by their humble 
 servant. 
 
 'Richard Wagstaffe, Peruke and Lady's tate-maker, and hair-cutter, 
 will soon settle in Annapolis and follow the said business, and will sell 
 his goods at reasonable rates. He also intends to teach reading, 
 writing, and accounts ; and will take in youth to l)oard and educate at 
 twenty-three pounds per year. N. B. He has a few [)erukes ready 
 made which he will dispose of very cheap, such as Raniillies. Albemarles, 
 and Bobs, &c. 
 
 "John Lammond, musician, at the house of John Lansdale, shoe- 
 maker, hereby gives notice ; that if any gentlemen should want music 
 to their l)alls or merry-makings, upon appUcation made, they shall be 
 diligently waited on by their humble servant. The said Lammond,
 
 II I s T c) R Y 1.' Annapolis. 131 
 
 'having a good able horse, will undertake journeys to any part of the 
 province, with the utmost expedition, and fidelity, to tlie full satis- 
 faction of any gentlemen who are pleased to employ him. 
 
 "The duties of a servant are shown by one who offers himself 'to wait 
 .at table, curry horses, clean knives, boots and shoes, lay a table, 
 shave and dress wigs, carry a lantliorn, and talk French ; is as honest 
 as the times will admit and as sober as can be.' AVe can fancy this 
 man-of-all-work conducting his master home from some convivial 
 meeting, the lauthorn swaying to and fro as the faithful domestic ad- 
 justs the old gentleman's wig and cocked hat and guides his meander- 
 ing footsteps thro' the uupaved and unliglited streets of the provin- 
 cial capital." 
 
 The club, invention of modern days to avoid the rigin- of prohibi- 
 tion, was no new tiling in Annapolis. It was for quite a different pur- 
 pose, yet being tocial, after the maimer of the people of those days, it 
 emliraced a large amount of drinking. 
 
 The South Jiiver Club, near Annapolis, survived almost to the 
 present day, and of the Tuesday Club, of Annapolis, it has been said 
 "if its records have been accurately kept, at least deserves so to have 
 survived. The latter was an" assemblage of wits, who satirized every- 
 one, and did it successfully." 
 
 Some of their squibs and portraitures even now pass current, and 
 the incomplete memorial of their transactions is among tlie most 
 interesting originals preserved in the Maryland Historical Society. 
 
 When it is read what were the proceedings of the Tues- 
 day Club, opinions will differ as to its right of survival. The sameau- 
 'thor* in a foot-note on the same page says : 
 
 "The Homony Club, founded later, was more or less political in its 
 memliership, and purposes, but the Tuesday, the Independent, Thurs- 
 day, and most of the other clubs, were exclusively social, and, as the 
 ladies, who were generally excluded from tiieir sessions, comj)lained, 
 were usually organizations of men to encourage steady smoking and 
 hard drinking. The records of the Tuesday Club, which extend over 
 the s[Kice of ten years, are that of a society of tlie most distinguished 
 and influential men of the ancient capital, graduates of the British 
 Universities, and wits of the first order. They kept 'high jinks,' 
 after the manner of that society to which Guy Mannering was intro- 
 duced in his pursuit of Lawyer Pleydell ; but their records, most faith- 
 fully and elaborately kept, abound witli example of steadfast pursuit 
 of wit and foes. The club met at the houses of members in regular 
 alternation, and each meml)er was bound to provide his own sand-box 
 as a spittoon, in order to save the carpet. Offensive topics of conver- 
 sation were dealt with by the 'gelastic' method and laughed off the 
 floor. At suppers, it was ordered that the first toast should always 
 be 'the ladies ;' after that, 'The King's Majesty ;' and after that, 'the 
 'deluge.' There was much singing, some of it probably very good : 
 .and Parson Bacon, the learned and venerable compiler of the laws of 
 Maryland, * * * * was elected to honorary membershiji, on account 
 of his accomplishments as a fiddler, thus becoming, as it were, thf 
 Friar Tuck, of this jovial society, the mottoes of which were — 'libertas 
 pj, natale sohwi,' and "co/icordia res parvae crescunt.' It is to be re- 
 :gretted that we are forced to add that there was a great deal of dog- 
 * neharf'i) Ilit^tory of Maryland.
 
 132 ''The Ancient City." 
 
 gerel in the club's poetiy, and of indelicacy in its conumdrums and' 
 jokes. The age was coarse and the club accurately reflected it." 
 
 The only permanent club left is the Arundel. It is of recent date, 
 having been organized in 1883. It admits none but males to its mem- 
 bership and festivities. Its diversions are suppers, billiards, cards, 
 current literature, social converse and potations at the will of the in- 
 dividual member, as it is a rule of the club that no one shall be invited 
 to drink. There seems to be an exception to this in favor of visiting 
 strangers. 
 
 To return to the Tuesday Club, let the records of its Secretary tell 
 of its witty sallies and bacchanalian pleasures. 
 
 The history of the Tuesday Club, preserved in the rooms of the 
 Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore, is dedicated "To the venerable 
 the Chancellor of the ancient and honorable Tuesday Club and his 
 successors in that honorable office," and dated from the author's 
 study September 9th, 1754, and in quaint style acknowledges all de<ii- 
 cations to be "at best Init paltry stuff," in which truth is warped 
 "either by the power of flattery or by the pestilent 'inclination to 
 party, or pussillanimous fear of the anger and resentment of men in 
 power." 
 
 The first volume contains the first decade of the transactions of that 
 society comprehended in 239 sederunts, viz : from May 1745, to May 
 1755, inclusive, with the heads of the honorable the President, and 
 the principal officers and members, and also figures of the most 
 material transactions of the club — with an aj)pendix of the club music 
 composed by Signor Lardini, the most favourite songs used in clubs, 
 etc. The laws provide that the club shall meet weekly at each other's 
 dwellings by turns, every Tuesday, throughout the year, that the 
 member appointed to serve as steward shall provide a "gammon of 
 bacon," or any one other dish of vittle.s and no more. That no fresh 
 liquor shall be made, prepared or produced after eleven o'clock at 
 night and every member to be at liberty to retire at jileasure. 
 Here comes 
 
 The Club in Session. 
 "Long live the Tuesday Club, so wisely framed 
 That "mongst all those great Addison has named, 
 Not one so great — long may the members stand 
 And still maintain their badge of hand in hand." 
 "It is established as a rule of the society," "That immediately after 
 supper the ladies shall be toasted, before any otier toasts or healths 
 go round. It is consented to — that such as are bachellor members of 
 this society may be permitted to have a cheese instead of dressed 
 Tittles. 
 
 "Sederunt. June 18th, 1745. This night the great cheese or Ixachel- 
 lor's was produced upon a side board. Passed into a law, That if any 
 subject of what nature soever be discussed which levels at party mat- 
 ters, or the administration of the Government of this Province, or 1)6 
 disagreeable to the club, no answer shall be given thereto, but after 
 such discourse is ended, the society shall laugh at the member offend- 
 ing in order to divert the discourse." 
 
 "June 25th. the (/elastic law was this night put in execution against 
 Mr. Secretary Marshe, who got into a prolix harangue about the con-
 
 History OF Annapolis. 133 
 
 sciences of lawyers. Ordered, thtat Mr. Secretary Marshe entertain 
 this society upon Tuesday, the 2nd of July next ensuing." 
 
 July 25, 1745, "Resolved, That cheese is not any raoi-etobe deemed 
 a dish of vittles. Therefore the use of it as such in the club is forbid." 
 ' 'July 23d. This night the society l^efore breaking up was entertained by 
 Mr. Charles Cole, steward, with a large bowl of rack-punch, and a 
 .catch song, "The Great Bell of Lincoln." 
 
 As the society developed, the insignia of office and various 
 adjuncts of ceremony were adopted, badges of silver, double gilt, and 
 ,engraved with the device and mottoes of the society were procured 
 from London. 
 
 Here are some of the club's orders : 
 
 "There shall be a ball held at the Stadt-house for the entertain- 
 ment of the ladies at the common expense of the club, etc." The 
 terra "Stadt-house," points to the Dutch reign of William and Mary, 
 and is still termed the "State House." 
 
 "Ordered, That Wm. Thornton, Esq., frame a discourse to the 
 society next meeting, upon that trite text "Omnia Vincit Amor." 
 Next meeting or sederunt, Mr. William Thornton delivered a dis- 
 course to the society upon the subject proposed last meeting, which 
 met with the approbation of the society, and was so well liked, that he 
 was desired to deliver it a second time, which he very complacently 
 did with a singular good grace. 
 
 "Ordered, That the Rev. Mr. John Gordon prepare a discourse to be 
 
 ■ delivered to the society at next meeting the subject, Ad libitum— other 
 "orders" follow on such subjects as 
 
 "Government," "chearfullness," "charity," "clubs," or "pru- 
 dence," — "wisdom." 
 
 The entry is made that Wm. Thornton, Esq., on account of his un- 
 common talent in singing, was by unanimous consent of the club ap- 
 pointed proto-musicus or chief musician, and it is ordained that as 
 .often as he votes in club he is to sing his vote in a musical manner, else 
 it is to go for nothing. 
 
 "The secretary delivered a speech the purport of which was an ac- 
 .cusation of Mr. Speaker Dorsey, of negligence in oiEce, as not dis- 
 playing his talents in oratory to the club, on such occasions as de- 
 manded his elocution, but the club let him go ^vithout censure. The 
 Rev. Mr. Gordon congratulated the Secretary upon the late event of 
 ,his marriage, which speech the club approved of, etc. Then our 
 .Speaker Dorsey, rising with that gravity and action which is his pecu- 
 liar talent on all such occasions discoursed, but little upon that sub- 
 ject, delivering chiefly an encomium upon Mr. Gordon's discourse, in 
 a nervous and elegant style which is natural to that gentleman upon 
 all occasions. "June 23rd, 1747. The chief musician was accused by 
 the Secretary of negligence in his office, which accusation was slurred 
 .over by the President and club on account of that gentleman's good 
 performances at other times. As acknowledgement of the favour, he 
 entertained the club with two excellent new songs, the one solus and 
 (the other in concerto with another voice, after which he had the 
 privilege conferred on him of commanding any member of the club to 
 
 ■ sing after having first sung himself." 
 
 Here is : 
 
 "The humble petition and remonstrance of sundry of the single 
 iferaales of Annapolis, showeth,
 
 134 "The Ancient City." 
 
 "That, whereas, it has been observed by sundry persons as well as 
 your petitioners, that a singular and surprising success has all along 
 attended such happy females as your honor has been pleased to j)itch 
 upon as the toasts of the honorable chair, every one of whom in a 
 short time after having been adopted by your honor has successfully 
 and happily lieen provided with a much more eligible state, your peti- 
 tioners, therefore, earnestly pray, that your honor instead of con- 
 ferring your favors in so partial a manner, woidd, in comniisseration of 
 our desperate situation, include us all in the circle of favor that the 
 V)enign influence of your honors' maritiferous notice may henceforth 
 equally shine upon us all. * * * ® ■■■ '■■ * 
 
 "T(^ the honorable Charles Cole, Esq.. President of the most worship- 
 ful and ancient Tuesday Club." 
 
 "The honorable president was pleased to declare that he would grant 
 this petition as far as lay in his power." 
 
 Tlic; anniversaries were occasions of great ceremonj'. The members 
 wearing their badges proceeded to the house of the President. "As 
 they marched along in a solemn and statelj- maimer they were honored 
 by a great many spectators of all sorts and ranks, and when they came 
 witliin twenty paces of the honorable the president's gate, his honor 
 made his ap])earance and did each member the honor of a salute by 
 'inanuquds.sdfioii, upon which they halted a little, and .Jonas Green, 
 Esq., holding up the anniversary ode in his right hand, waved it 
 around his head in a very graceful manner by way of salutation to his 
 honor, who made several low bows which were respectfully returned 
 by the master of ceremonies. Sir . John, and the Chancellor. Then his 
 honor taking his place between the two latter, the procession marched 
 into his honor's court-yard, the way being all strewed with flowers 
 and the ensign or flag displayed as usual. After some time sitting in 
 the court-yard the members assembled in his honor's great saloon. As 
 his honor went to take the chair with a grand i)as, a martial time was 
 ])layed by the chief musicion or proto-musicus. and he took the chair 
 with a plaudite." 
 
 The Secretary in his speech reflects the sentiment of the club. 
 "This is not a time to speak much, but to act well — that our discourse 
 and conversation be regular, orderly, free, liumorous. and jocose, 
 without reflexion, without passi'^n, without reserve, without clamor, 
 without noise, — let our songs be in tune, our puns and repartees 
 apropos, and not too poignant or satirical, our toasts loyal and 
 amorous, our stomachs keen to relish our fare and our punch-bowls 
 always replete with nectarious liquor, for this cordial juice taken with 
 temperance and moderation heightens the spirit, enlivens the wit. and 
 will conduce not only to make me a more fluent orator, but, more jolly 
 and benevolent, long-standing members. 
 "Whene'er we meet 
 With Ijowl replete 
 
 The loyal healths go round 
 And in each toast 
 We all can boast 
 
 Wine honest, hearty, soimd!" — 
 
 After the supjier of which the "outward decoration and ajijiaratus 
 was as elegant and harmonious as the inward rhetoric and eloquence 
 of the club was uncommon," several loyal healths were drank, as, liis
 
 History OF Annapolis. 135. 
 
 majesty Kinfr George the Second ; the Prince and Princess of Wales;- 
 the DuKe. (of Cumberland) ; snceess to his majesty's arms : a speedy 
 and honoral)le peace : prospei-ity to the province of Maryland, etc. 
 Then they drank to the memory of the "South Sea Company," and 
 sang "The Great Bell of Lincoln," and that favorite song, "the ITun- 
 dords of Drury." 
 
 "A speech of a memltcr being thought unseasonable, assuming, and 
 unpolite, had the ai'/asfir law i)ut in force against him tlie whole 
 company being seized with a most vociferous and roaring laugh in 
 which the cnlpi-it himself, joined with most prodigious force of lungs 
 — But he thinking to take the president upon his weak or blind side, 
 knowing his enthusiastic fondness for old England, and everything 
 appertaining to that happy country, he asked his honor to favour hira 
 at least, for country's sake ; that he was his countryman and the only 
 Englishman now in club, besides himself and his honor's attorney, the 
 rest of the members being either country-boi-n or Scotsmen. To this 
 his honor made reply 'that he set no value upon that and tliat he 
 always judged of a man Ijy his behaviour and not by his country.' 
 This was an excellent sentiment and came from his honor unawares, 
 he not being given to speak philosopically or justly when old England 
 was introduced into conversation which evinces that ev^en resentment 
 at times may make a man utter philosophical truths." 
 
 On issuing commissions to new members .January 30, 1749, "it is 
 thought fit to affix seals of black wax. upon the occasion of the day 
 being the martyrdom of that blessed Saint Charles I." 
 
 "The master of ceremonies, Mr. Jonas Green, and the Secretary are 
 ordered to prepare eacliof them a conundrum, to be proposed in club 
 immediately after all the toasts are drank — and in case tlie club should 
 solve or answer them the above officers are expected to drink a 
 bumper each to the prosperity of the club, in the opposite case the 
 gentlemen are declared victors. The conundrums are ordered to be 
 recorded." 
 
 "To drowsy man pray how can you compare 
 A garment that is worn till quite thread-bare. 
 
 The answer's easy for we all must grant 
 That both and each of them a )iap does want. 
 
 Two minutes only V)y the watch was given to answer — 
 Why is a dancing master like a shady tree ? 
 
 Because he is full of Ooics — houghs. 
 
 Why is a wizard like an Ethiopian ? 
 
 Because he is a necromancer — negroe man, sir. 
 
 A client who has lost his cause is like a winter stocking, be- 
 cause he is worsted. 
 
 A pump in a well is like a firelock, because it depends upon 
 springs. 
 
 An almanac is like a butcher, because he deals in wethers.
 
 136 " T H E A N C 1 E N T C 1 T Y . " 
 
 Dried apples are like married people, because they are paired. 
 
 A scandalous storv is like a church bell, because it is often told- 
 toll-ed. 
 
 The city of Westminster is like a school-boy's horn-book, be- 
 cause it has an Abbacy — A. B. C." 
 
 A motion Ijeing made to exclude the use of long pipes in the club, 
 excepting the president's, the same was not assented to. 
 
 Mr. Jonas Green, the pi'inter of the 3Iaryland Gazette, in acknowl- 
 edging the honor of admission to the club says : 
 
 "May good fellowship dispell every cloud that may threaten us ex- 
 cepting only that of tobaccco, the dear specific condeiisator of politi- 
 cal conceptions.^^ 
 
 Although the circumspect and dignified Maryland publisher ad- 
 vanced to high position in the club and "his titles were expressed in 
 the manner of the ancient Romans by five capital p's, P. P. P. P. P. 
 important sundry officers of trust and dignity, viz. poet, printer, 
 punster, purveyor, and punchmaker, he did not escape indictment 
 duly preferred in law-latin and a formal trial and conviction. "After 
 reading the sentence during which Jonas Green, Esq., stood up. His 
 lordship knocked upon the table with a little mallet after the manner 
 of Sir Hugh McCarty, Esq., Lord President of the Monday Club, of 
 New York, and this signal being given the Sergeant at Arms imme- 
 diately took Jonas Green. Esq., into custody and he was confined for 
 a full half hour, a languishing prisoner in a remote corner of the 
 room, being deprived of all comfort and assistance from the spark- 
 ling and enlivening board, a woeful and lamentable spectacle and a 
 warning to all loyal members to be upon their good behavior." 
 
 What pleasure there could be in all this except only that of eating 
 and drinking ! 
 
 "After all impediments are removed and the club forms itself again 
 around the great table to smoke and drink how dull and sleepy are 
 the members, how fiat their conversation, what yawning, what gap- 
 ing, what nodding, what sleeping, what snoring ! How much better 
 to have spent the time in witty conversation, such as punning, fram- 
 ing of quaint conumdrums, cracking sly jokes, telling comical stories, 
 .singing old catches or composing quaint rhymes ; but alas ! all this is 
 only preaching to the wind, and beating the air in vain for one may 
 preach to eternity and never reform the manners of cluljs. 
 
 "These quaint and lively volumes are embellished with rude draw- 
 ings, not without merit in their sense of character, representing the 
 most humorous and important events in the club's history, its anni- 
 versaries, its frolics, and its disputes. There is a series of portraits of 
 the members in which the likenesses are evidently, in the words of a 
 certain limner, 'strong as pisen.' " 
 
 Before the Revolution the people of Annapolis were intensely loyal 
 and preeminently convivial. The slightest pretext sufficed for an ex- 
 hibition of the one and the enjoyment of the other, 
 
 Wednesday, the 23rd of April, 1746, being the festival of St. George, 
 was observed "by a number of gentlemen of English birth, descent, 
 and principle, in an elegant manner. The same day the exit of the 
 rebellion (lately occurred in England,) was celebrated by firing of
 
 History of Annapolis. 137 
 
 guns, drinking loyal healths, and other deii.onstrations of joy. There 
 was a ball in the evening, the whole city was illnminated, and a great 
 quantity of punch given amongst the populace at the bonfire, on this 
 occasion." 
 
 It A-as again on Octolier 80th, 1746, when this patriotic conviviality 
 was exhibited, which the "■Gazde" announced "as being the' 
 anniversery of the birth of his most sacred Majesty, our only rightful 
 sovereign, King George the second, (who God long preserve,) when 
 his majesty completed his 68rd (a grand elimaterical) year, the same 
 was observed here (Annapolis) with firing of cannon, drinking loyal 
 healths, «S:c. &c." 
 
 The domestic circle, as now, furnished the local column with items. 
 Only then tie stately courtesy of sentiment and expression united to 
 smooth down the indelicacy that has invaded the reports of modern 
 journalism. On December 23rd, 1740, the editor of the "■Gazettft" 
 announced : "At the dawn of the 31st instant, the wife of the 
 printer of this paper, to the great joy of her husband, was safely de- 
 livered of a son ; who is to have the honor of being named after that 
 great general, his royal highness Duke William." 
 
 The arrival of dignitaries in the city was made the occasion of 
 public and private courtesies and patriotic demonstrations. The faith- 
 ful publisher of the capital, says in March 1747 : 
 
 "On Tuesday last, arrived withhi our Capes his Majesty's Ship, 
 the Foulkstone, Capt. Greger, with Samuel Ogle, Esq., and Lady, on 
 board, who, some short time after, disembarked, and went on board 
 the Neptune, Capt. Grindall, bound for this place, where he arrived 
 a])out ten in the evening, and was received at his Landing by a num- 
 ber of gentlemen, &c., and saluted by the town guns, and from on 
 board Sundry Ships in the river. And yesterday morning, his honor, 
 attended by his Excellency Thomas Bladen, Esq., then Governor, and 
 his Lordship's honorable Council, &c., went to the Council Chamber, 
 where his commission, appointed him Lieutenant-General and Chief 
 Governor of this Province and Avalon, was opened and published. 
 After which his Excellency was pleased to issue his Proclamation for 
 continuing all officers, both Civil and Military, in their respective 
 offices, until further orders." 
 
 Although the bill of rights had not been written and the Maryland 
 Code published, t.ie Maryland Courts of the last century had an 
 innate desire to adjudicate all causes before them "according to the 
 very right and equity of the matter." For example : 
 
 On Tuesday, .June IGth, 1747, "at the County Court, held here last 
 Tuesday, Mrs. S. C. of Patapsco. was fined the sum of one penny, for 
 
 whipping the R d Mr. N 1 W r with a Hickory Switch, it 
 
 being imagined by the court that he well deserved it." 
 
 In the same spirit, no doubt, the sword of justice was unsheathed 
 in September 1747, when two servants. "Rebels lately imported," 
 were found guilty of drinking the Pretender's healtn, together with 
 "some other treasonable expressions," being incapable cf paying fines, 
 were "well whip'd at the whipping post," and were stood in the 
 pillory. 
 
 The times were writ, when during the second week in January, 1747, a 
 negro man in Annapolis had one of his ears cut off by the sentence of 
 .the peace, "for offering to strike his overseer. 
 
 The court.-- then allowed no trifling with a lady's feelings, as was
 
 138 "The AncientCity." 
 
 proved on the 12th of April, 1748, when "a great case" was tried at An- 
 napolis, "wherein a young gentle woman was plaintiff and a gentle- 
 man defendant for breach of a promise of marriage. The trial las'.ted 
 about nine hours, when the jury went out. and after a short stay, re- 
 turning with a verdict for tiie plaintiff and £50 damages." 
 
 On May 2nd, 1752, Mary W n obtained from .Toseph W d, 
 
 after a long trial and the examination of numej-ous witnesses, £50 
 damages tor a breach of promise of maniage. 
 
 Electricity had its devotees nearly a century and a half ago, who 
 had made some progress in the subtle sciene, as was proved on Friday, 
 June 9th, 1749, when a gentleman with an electrical machine made 
 some interesting experiments in Annapolis. lie placed it on the 
 South side of a creek, supposed the ii\m, "and having set some sjjirits 
 of wine in a small vessel, on a lable on the North Side, he caused a 
 spark of electrical fire to dart across in an instant, through 200 yards 
 of water, which set the sjnrits in a blaze in the first attempt, and 
 several times afterwards ; and discharged a liatteryof eleven guns, to 
 tlie surprise and great satisfaction of the spectators."* 
 
 The Ancient. Free and .Vccepted Masons were established in the 
 city at this early date, and "on Wednesday, the 27th of December, 
 1749, the festival of St. .lohn the Evangelist, and the anniversary of the 
 Ancient and Honorable Fraternity of Free and Accepted ]\[asons, the 
 Gentlemen of the Brotherhood, connected with lodge in Annapolis 
 with several of the order from tlie country, celebrated the day. 
 
 At 12 o'clock, the whole company, -iO in nuaiber, "went in pro- 
 cession with white gloves and aprons, from the House of their Brother 
 Middleton, l)eing preceded by their master. Wardens and Grand 
 Stewards to the church, wlieri an excellent sermon, adapted to the 
 occasion, was preached by their brother, the Kev. Mr. Brogden : 
 After Sermon, they returned in the same manner from Church to the 
 Indian King, where having dined elegantly, tliey elected their master 
 and officers for the ensuing year, and then j)roeeeded in the above 
 order to the great Council Room, whei-e they made a ball for the en- 
 tertainment of tiie Ladies, and the evening was spent witli innocent 
 mirth and gayety." 
 
 The hearth-stone again furnishes the Gnzi'ffe with a local note. On 
 Wednesday, January 24tli. 1750, it says: 
 
 "Last Saturday, lieing the anniversary of the birthday of his royal 
 highness the Prince of Wales, the wife of the printer of this paper 
 was happily delivered of a son, who will be baptized the name of 
 Frederick." 
 
 For the curious the colonial jtrinter had a well-developed aj)precia- 
 tion. There was a naivete in his quaint expressions that lent a charm 
 to his descriptions. On December 5th. 1750, he says : 
 
 "We have an account that a few days ago. one J W e, in 
 
 this county, as he was carrying home one of his neighbor's hogs, 
 which he had killed with a design to make it his own, having tied the 
 feet together, and put it over his neck, he went to rest himself l)y 
 laying the hog on a dead tree, but laying it too far over, the string 
 catch'd him by the throat and chock'd him, and, they were there 
 found ; so they proved executioner to each otlier." 
 
 Emigrants, from the continent continued to amve in large num- 
 bers, in Annapolis. 
 
 * Md. GiiZftle.
 
 History OF AxNAPOLts 139 
 
 On October 10th, IToS, the ship Friendship, Capt. Jamos Lucas, 
 arrived at Annapolis, with 300 German passenjjers called Palatines, 
 who wore consigned to Messrs. Alexander Lawson and James Johnson, 
 merchants. Among them were husbandmen and tradesmen, who 
 were offered for sale at Annapolis on the 14th of October to pay their 
 passage money. 
 
 From business to pleasure the Annaj^olitans of the last century 
 turned with a keen zest ; and the Annapolis Theatre is now found in 
 full operation. Among the pieces ])layed were The Busy Body, The 
 Lying Valet, The Beggar's Opera, The Beaux Stratagem, The 
 Virgin Unmasked, Recruiting Officer, The Beau in the Side, The' 
 London Merchant. The ballad Opera. Damon and Pythias. King 
 Richard III was advertised to be played. Mr. Wyrell took the jiart of 
 Richard. 
 
 In the early part of November, of the same year. 1752, Richard 
 Buckell & Company exhibited at Annapolis, three wax figures, the 
 ([ueen of Hungary, her son. and a pandour in his military dress, also 
 a curious brass piece of ordiiiance. that could be discharged twenty 
 times in a minute, together with pictures of places of note in England, 
 Scotland. France, and Italy. 
 
 A Court incident occurred about this time that does not reflect much 
 credit upon the wvmen jnry system. At a late Provincial Court, 
 Mary Perry, sentenced to die, pleaded that she was with child. A 
 jury of matrons was summoned to examine her, "the foreman being 
 an experienced midwife, which pronounced her not quick. A few 
 days afterwards in Queen Anne's county jail, slie gave birth to a lusty 
 boy.'' 
 
 The intense loyalty to all that was British was constantly shown by 
 the people of Annai)olis. Saturday, the 17th of February, 1752, the 
 birthday of Lord Baltimore, at which time he attained his majority, 
 twenty-one, was warmly celebrated at Annapolis. "At noon cannons 
 were discharged, in the evening the President of the province gave a 
 public ball where there was a handsome appearance of gentlemen 
 and ladies. The Loyal Ilealtlis. Lordship's Prosperity to Maryland, 
 &c., &c.. were di-ank. and the town was beautifully illuminated. 
 There was a lionfire near the dock, and a hogshead of punch was given 
 to the populace." 
 
 Again, on November 1st. 1759, their loyality cropped out when 
 there was great rejoicing at Annapolis on account of the taking of 
 Quebec. — guns were fired, illuminations made, and a public l)all was 
 given by the Governor. ]\[uch regret was felt for death of Gen. 
 Wolfe. ' 
 
 The scenes shift, and the bright picture of filial affection is marred 
 by the ominous clouds of disapproval on the brows of the Freeman of 
 Maryland who had never submitted, and were determined never to 
 submit to the levying of any taxes upon them except such as were 
 laid by their own dejiuties. 
 
 On December 21. (17G9,) "at ten o'clock at a numerous meeting, by 
 beat of the town-drum, at which were many of the gentlemen com- 
 mittees from the several counties of this province, who in July last, 
 entered into the articles for non-importation of British sujterfluities, 
 and for promoting frugality, economy, and the use of American manu- 
 factures, resolved mianimouslv, that the said articles be most strictly
 
 140 "The Ancient City.'' 
 
 adhered to and preserved inviolate ; and that each and every gentle- 
 man, present at this meeting, will use his utmost endeavor to those 
 laudable er.ds." 
 
 This mosaic of sentiment, politics, and festivities presents Annapolis 
 AS it was a hundred years ago. 
 
 It was at this period tliat Eddis, the English Surveyor of Customs 
 >t Annapolis, wrote : "'I am persuaded there is not a town in England 
 Oi the same size as Annapolis, which can boast of a greater number of 
 fashionable and handsome women ; and were I not satisfied to the con- 
 trary, I should suppose that the majority of our belles possessed every 
 .advantage of a long and familiar intercourse with the manners and 
 habits of your great (London) metropolis." 
 
 Durinsr the winter these lovely and accomplished women had op- 
 portunity to display their graces in fortnight balls. The rooms for 
 .dancing, (the present Assembly Rooms) were large and of elegant 
 <;onstruction, and were illuminated with great brilliancy. At each 
 end of the room were apartments for the card tables, "where select 
 companies enjoy the circulation of the party-colored gentry, without 
 having tlieir attention diverted by the sound of fiddles, and the evolu- 
 tions of youthful performers." 
 
 It is to the credit of the citizens of Maryland that, during the gloom 
 and distress occasioned Ijy the Revolution, the convcTition prohibited 
 balls throughout the province. The public mind, however, did not 
 seem to need the legal prohibition for it was engaged in too serious 
 business to pursue the phantom of social pleasures. 
 
 One of the most faithful pictures of Annapolis life immediately pre- 
 ceeding the beginning of the hostilities of the Revolution is drawn by 
 the pen of Mr. Eddis who was part of what he described. In his 
 cheerful and entertaining style, under date of .January l>i, 1771, he 
 writes from Annapolis : 
 
 "In a former letter, I attempted to convey some idea of the truly 
 picturesque and befiutiful situation of our little capital. Several of 
 the most opulent families have here established their residence ; and 
 hospitality is the characteristic of the inhabitants. Party prejudices 
 have little influence on social intercourse : the grave and ancient en- 
 joy the blessings of a resectable society, while the young and- gay 
 Jiave various amusements to engage their hours of relaxation, and to 
 promote that mutual connexion so essential to their future happi- 
 ness. 
 
 "You well know, that I have ever been strongly attached to the 
 rational entercainment resulting from theatrical exhibitions. When 
 I bade farewell to England, I little expected that my passion for the 
 drama could have been gratified, in any tolerable degree, at a distance 
 so remote from the great mart of genius ; and I brought with me 
 strong prepossessions in Ijehalf of favourite performers, wliose merits 
 were fully established, by the universal sanction of intelligent judges. 
 My pleasure and my surprise were therefore excited in proportion, on 
 finding performers in this county equal, at least, to those who sustain 
 the best of the first characters in your most celebrated provincial 
 theatre;-. Our governor, from a strong conviction that the stage, 
 under proper regulations, may be rendered of general utility, and 
 made suV)servient to the great interests of religion and virtue, patronizes 
 the American Company ; and as their present place of exhibition 
 is on a small scale, and inconveniently situated, a subscription,
 
 History OF Annapolis. 141 
 
 by his example, has been rapidly completed to erect anew theatre, 
 on a commodious, if not an elegant, plan. The manager is to de- 
 liver tickets for two seasons, to the amount of the respective sub- 
 scriptions ; and, it is imagined, that the money which will be re- 
 ceived at the doors, from non -subscribers, well enable him to con- 
 duct the business without difficulty ; and when the limited number of 
 performances is completed, the intire property is to be vested in him. 
 This will be a valuable addition to our catalogue of amusements. The' 
 building is already in a state of forwardness, and the day of opening 
 is anxiously expected." 
 
 On November 2, 1771, Mr. Eddis introduces another scene in Au' 
 napolis life. To his correspondent in England, he says : 
 
 "In this remote region, my dear friend, the phantom pleasure is 
 pursued with as much avidity as on your side of the Atlantic ; and cer- 
 tainly with as much gratification except by the injudicious herd who 
 form ideas of happiness from comparison alone. 
 
 "Our races, which are just concluded, continued four days, and 
 afforded excellent amusement to those who are attached to the pleas- 
 ures of the turf ; and, surprising as it may appear, I assure you there 
 are few meetings in England better attended, or where more capital 
 horses are exhibited. 
 
 "In order to encourage the breed of this noble animal, a jockey club 
 has been instituted, consisting of many principal gentlemen in this 
 and in the adjacent provinces many of whom have imported from Bri- 
 tain, at a very great expense, horses of high reputation. 
 
 "In America, the mild beauties of the autumnal months amply com- 
 pensate for the fervent heats of summer, and the rigid severity of 
 winter. Nothing could exceed the charming serenity of the weather' 
 during these races ; in consequence of which there was a prodigious 
 concourse of spectators, and considerable sums were depending on the 
 contest of each day. On the first, a purse of one hundred guineas 
 was run for, free only for the members of the club ; and on the three 
 following days subscription purses of fifty pounds each. Assemblies, 
 and theatrical representations, were the amusements of the evening, 
 at which the comp>any exhibited a fashionable and brilliant ap- 
 pearance. 
 
 ' 'Our new theatre, of which I gave you an account in a former letter-- 
 was opened to a numerous audience the week preceding the races. 
 The structure is not inelegant, but, in my opinion, on too narrow a 
 scale for its length ; the boxes are commodious, and neatly decorated ;■ 
 the pit and gallery are calculated to hold a number of people without 
 incommoding each other ; the stage is well adapted for dramatic and 
 pantomimical exhibitions ; and several of the scenes reflect great credit 
 on the ability of tlie painter. I have before observed, that the per- 
 formers are considerably above mediocrity ; therefore, little doubt can 
 be entertained of their preserving the public favour, and reai^ing a 
 plenteous harvest." 
 
 Mr. Eddis was disposed to give the country of his choice credit for 
 every virtue it possessed. In these glowing sentences he depicts the 
 conservatism of their sentiments and the beauty and accomplishments 
 of American women, which latter opinions were founded centirely by the 
 Maryland and Virginia ladies he had met and chiefly those of Annapolis, 
 since Mr. Eddis appears to have been in no other parts of this conti- 
 nent. On December 24, 1771, he writes from the Maryland capital 5
 
 143 ''The Ancient City.'' 
 
 " Whatever yuu liave heard relative to the rigid puritanical principles 
 and economical habits of our American brethren, is by no means true 
 when applied to the inhabitants of the southern provinces. Liberality 
 of sentiment, and genuine hospitality, are every where prevalent ; 
 and I am persuaded they too frequently mistake profuseness for 
 generosity, and impair their health and tiieir fortunes, by splendor of 
 :appea ranee and magnificence of entertainments. 
 
 "The (piick importation of fashions from the mother country is really 
 astonishing. 1 am almost inclined to believe, that a new fashion is 
 adopted (>ai-lier by the polished and aliiuent American, than by many 
 opulent ])ersous in the great metropolis ; nor are opportunities wanting 
 to display superior elegance. We have varied amusements, and 
 numerous parties, which afford to tiie young, the gay, and the ambi- 
 tious, an extensive field to contend in the race of vain and idle competi- 
 "tion. Tn sliort, very little difference is, in reality, observable in the 
 manners of the wealthy colonist and the wealthy Briton. Good and 
 bad habits prevail on both sides the Atlantic. 
 
 "It is but justice to confess, that the American ladies possess a na- 
 tural ease and elegance in the whole of their depoi'tmenl ; and that 
 while tiiey assiduously cultivate external accomj)lisluneut, they are 
 still anxiously attentive to the more important eml)ellishments of 
 the mind. In conversation they are generally animated, and en- 
 tertaining, and deliver their sentiments with affability and propriety. 
 In a word, there are, throughout these colonies, very many lovely 
 women, who have never passed the bounds of tlieir respective pro- 
 vinces, and yet, I am persuaded, might appear to great advantage in 
 the most brilliant circles of gaiety and fashion. 
 
 "In this country the marriage ceremony is universally performed in 
 the dwelling houses of the parties. The company, who are invited, 
 assemble early in the evening, and after partaking of tea and other 
 refreshments, the indissoluble contract is completed. The bride and 
 bridegroom then receive the accustomed congratulations: cards and 
 dancing immediately succeed ; a:; elegant supper, a cheerful glass, and 
 the convivial song close the entertainment. 
 
 "There are few places where young people are more frequently grati- 
 fied wfth opportunities of associating together than in this country. 
 Besides our regular assemblies, every mark of attention is paid to the 
 patron Saint of each parent dominion ; and St. George. St. Andrew. 
 St. Patrick, and St. David, are celebrated with every partial mark of 
 national attachment. General invitations are given, and the appear- 
 ance is always numerous and splendid. 
 
 "The Americans, on this part of this continent, have likewise a Saint, 
 whose history, like those of the above venerable characters, is lost in 
 fable and uncertainty. The first of May is, however, set apart to the 
 memory of Saint Tamina, on which occasion tlie natives wear a piece 
 of a buck's tail in their hats, or in some conspicuous situation. Dur- 
 ing the course of the evening, and generally in the midst of a dance, 
 the company are interrupted by the sudden intrusion of a number of 
 
 eersons habited liked Indians, who rush violently into the room, sing- 
 ig the war song, giving the whoop, and dancing in the style of those 
 people ; after which ceremony a collection is made, and the retire 
 well satisfied with their reception and entertainment. 
 
 "In this province there are scarce any vestiges of the original inhab- 
 itants, but it does not appear that their numbers have been reduced
 
 History of Annapolis. 143 
 
 by any inhuman or iudirec; practices of tlie British settlers. In Dor- 
 set county, on the eastern siiore of MaryUind, there are indeed the re- 
 mains of a nation, once populous and powerful, who, to this day, re- 
 tain considerable tracts of valuable land, for which they receive an 
 annual consideration, but by no means equivalent to the real value. 
 When every other Indian nation thought it nee. ssary to retire beyond 
 the range of the European settlements, these people it seems deter- 
 mined to continue on their native spot. But being precluded from 
 their former Qceiqiations and pui^uits, they became totally indolent and 
 inactive ; and a ditferent haVtit of living, a violent propensity to spir- 
 ituous liquors, and the havock oceasioned by the small-pox, and other 
 disorders, to which they were unaccustomed, reduced their numbers 
 to such a degree, that at this time not twenty of their descendants 
 remain." 
 
 Politics is the child of government. America had its politics and 
 Maryland a noted part of it before the Revolution. It had not reached 
 exact national delineation liefore the throes over the Stamp Act 
 began, but in Maryland there was a one line of policy which tlie 
 ■citizens, on all occasions, "in season and out of season" pursued, and 
 that was to resist with maidy courage all infringements of their rights 
 by the Crown's officers. Mr. Eddis, seeing with an Englishman's 
 eye. portrays this determination in the following extract from An- 
 napolis, Feb. 17,1772: 
 
 ''The annual revenue of the proprietary, arising from the sale of 
 lands, and the yearly quit rent, after deducting all the various charges 
 of government, averages at twelve thousand five hundred pounds ijer 
 annum. All offices, excepting those in the service of the customs, 
 are in his gift, or in the gift of his representative for the time being. 
 This patronage includes a very extensive range of lucrative, and re- 
 spectful stations : and consequently throws great weight and influ- 
 ence into the scale of government. 
 
 "Thi§ influence is considered l)y many, as inimical to the essential in- 
 terests of the peeple : a spirit of party is consequently excited ; and 
 every idea of encroachment is resisted, by the popular faction, with 
 all the warmth of patriotic enthusiasm. 
 
 "I have before observed, that elections hi this province are trien- 
 nial. The delegates returned, are generaliy [lersons of the greatest 
 consequence in their different counties : and many of them are per- 
 fectly acquainted with the political and commercial interests of their 
 constituents. I have frequently heard subjects debated with great 
 powers of eloquence, and force of reason ; and the utmost regularity 
 and propriety distinguish the whole of their proceedings. 
 
 ' 'During the sitting of the assembly, the members of both houses 
 receive a stated sura for their attendance on public business ; and the 
 number of days being properly certified, they are regularly paid their 
 respective claims at the conclusion of each session.* 
 
 "Provincial and country magistrates are appointed by the gover- 
 nor. The former are commissioned to try capital offences, and im- 
 portant causes relative to property ; the latter preside in the county 
 courts. They have likewise, individually, power to determine causes 
 
 • Metiihers of the upper hniHe, nine «tiillings sterling per tliem ; tho.=e Of 
 the lower, about eight thiiUag end six-pence.
 
 144 "The Ancient City. '' 
 
 of the value of forty shillings : and to inflict punishment on servants, 
 complaint being regularly made, and the matter proved by their em- 
 ployers. 
 
 "The governor has a discretionary authority to pardon persons capi- 
 tally convicted ; and by the principles of the constitution, he is 
 obliged to sign all -yv^arrants for the execution of those who suffer 
 agreeable to sentence. 
 " "A litigious spirit is very apparent in this country. The assizes are 
 held twice in the year, in the city of Aimapolis, and the number of 
 causes then brought forward, is really incredible. Though few of the 
 gentlemen who practice in the courts have been regularly called to 
 the bar, there are several who are confessedly eminent in thtir pro- 
 fession ; and those who are possessed of superior abilities, have full 
 employment for the exertion of their talents, and are paid in due pi-o- 
 portiov. by their respective clients. 
 
 "The natives of these provinces, even those who move in the hum- 
 bler circles of life, discover a shrewdness and penetration, not gener- 
 ally observable in the mother country. On many occasions, they are 
 inquisitive, even beyond the bounds of propriety ; they discriminate 
 characters with the greatest accuracy ; and there are few who do not 
 seem perfectly conversant with the general, and particulr interests of 
 the community. An idea of equality also seems to prevail, and the 
 inferior order of people pay but little external respect those who 
 occupy su])erior stations." 
 
 By October 3rd, 1772, there was another color in the political cur- 
 rent. This is the sneering and inappreciative language which Mr. 
 Eddis uses, evidently with the sincerost belief that he fitly described 
 them, towards the patriots who were in tlie van in opposing British 
 encroachments upon the just rights and liberties of the colonics ; 
 
 "Under pretence of supporting the sacred claims of freedom, and 
 of justice, factious and designing men are industriously fomenting 
 jealousy and discontent ; and unless they are stopt in their progress 
 by the immediate and determined exertions of the wise and moderate, 
 they will aggravate the dissention which is become but too e'vident, 
 and involve this now happy country in complicated misery." 
 
 In the decade preceding the Revolution and part of that contem- 
 poraneous with it, its life of fashion and frivolity reached its height at 
 the capitol. Wealth gave leisure and education : education and 
 leisure created the desire for refined and fashionable pleasures. The 
 presence of a large number of officials, part of whom had come from 
 the realm of "Merry England," and had imported its follies and 
 pleasures, not only added to the reportoire of social amusements, but 
 the emoluments of office gave the means of gratifying their tastes. 
 These enlarging the fund of native resources of society, not only did 
 the fame of the elegance and enjoyment of life at Annapolis extend ta 
 the utmost bounds of the Province, but it invaded the sister com- 
 monwealth of Virginia, and one of the frequent visitors of Annapolis, 
 and participant in the pleasures and excitements of its race-courses, 
 its card-parties, and its balls, was George Washington, then a colonel 
 in the service of his State. 
 
 The only place in Maryland that offered to the devotees of fashion 
 the opportunity to gratify a refined and cultivated taste for social 
 pleasures, it became the rendezvous of a gay and voluptuous society. 
 The very emptiness of their minds and lack of useful employment be-
 
 History of A n x a p o l i s . 14~) 
 
 gat a longing for these triv^ial pleasures, whicli they called enjoyment 
 because it relieved "from the ennui of the moment, even by occupa- 
 tion in trifles." The seat of a wealthy government, the diily life of 
 its inhabitants was softened by the refinements of art, tlie indolence of 
 wealth, and the substantial benefits of opulence. The furniture of 
 their houses was constructed of the most costly wbods and the most 
 valuable marbles, each enriched Ijy the elegant devices of the painter's 
 and sculptor's arts. When they paid their social debts, or gathered 
 for the stately minuet, they came in equipages light and handsome, 
 drawn by fleetest coursers, and managed by livried slaves in richest 
 apparel. Three-fourtha of the dwellings of the city, by their style 
 and elegance, gave proof of the wealth of the people whilst the em- 
 ployment of a French hair dressei", by one lady at a thousand crowns 
 a year, was an out-cropping of that luxury which made it the home 
 of a gay and haughty circle of giddy voluptuaries and social auto- 
 crats. 
 
 Nor was the element of evil wanting in this dwarfed prototype of 
 European social life. Youth, beauty, wealth, and mtelligenee soon 
 chastened the rigors of the primitive virtues of the settlers of the pro- 
 vmce and city into the refinement of continental manners. The fas- 
 cinating and dangerous attractions of gayety, whilst they earned for 
 Annapolis the title of the Afheits of America, the chronicles of those 
 times warrant the belief, that "her pleasures, like those of lux- 
 urious and pampered life in all ages, ministered neither to her happi- 
 ness nor her purity."* 
 
 After the Revolution, its life of fashion subsided, its commerce de- 
 parted, wealth gradually took its flight from Annapolis, and the city 
 fell into a somnolent state. In its days of dreamy slumber a Naval 
 Commission reported that "A polar expedition is useless to determine 
 the Eartli's Axis. Go to Annapolis rather. It should be called the 
 pivot-city. It is tlie centre of the universe, for while all the world 
 around it revolves it remains stationary. One advantage is that you 
 always know where to find it. To get to Annapolis you have but to 
 cultivate a colossal calmness and the force of gravity will draw yon 
 towards the great centre — once there, there is no certrifugal force to 
 displace you, and you stay. By natural evolution your hands disap- 
 pear in your breeches pockets and you assume the most marked char- 
 acteristic of the indigenous Annapolitan. No glove merchant ever 
 flourished there. Auna^olitans in heaven have heads and wings, 
 their hands disappear. On old tombstones you may see them as An- 
 gels, on earth they resemble exclamation points, all heads and tails, 
 like the fish they eat. Natural evolution developes itself in a taste for 
 oysters, as they need no carving, and a phosphorous diet swells the 
 brain : they talk politics continually. Annapolis keeps the Severn 
 river in its place. This will be useful when the harbour of Baltimore 
 dries up. Annapolitans are waiting for this. They are in no hurry, 
 they don't mind waiting. Two or three centennials will do it." 
 
 A fair specimen of the raillery Annapolis has outlived. This face- 
 tious description, once well-nigh historical, no longer represents An- 
 napols of the present which begins to stir in its slumber long and 
 profound. 
 
 The whistle of the locomotive, as it crosses the Severn, echoing 
 
 • McMahone p. 25(j. 
 10
 
 146 ' ^The Anciext City." 
 
 above the hill-tops of encompassinc: walls, is arousint? "The Ancient 
 City," to its advantages* The infusion of new blood, that sees with 
 new eyes the opportunities its location presents, imlicates the renais- 
 sance of its importance as "a port of trade," and railroad and capi- 
 tal are to make of "The Town Laxd at Proctors" what legislative 
 enactments, surveyor's plats and commissioners' warrants could not ac- 
 complish. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXII. 
 
 The First American Theatre Erected in 
 Annapolis. 
 
 1752—1887. 
 The first theatre in America was built at Annapolis. In the Maryland 
 Gazette, of June iSth, 1752, appeared the following advertisement: 
 "By permission of his honor the president, (Benjamin Tasker, Esq., 
 then president or governor of the province,) at the new theatre in 
 Annapolis, by the company of comedians from Virginia, on Monday 
 next, being the 22nd of this instant, will be performed, "The Beggars' 
 Opera," likewise farce, called the "Lying Valet," to begin precisely 
 at 7 o'clock. Tickets to be had at the printing office. Box 10 s« 
 pit Is. 6d. Xo person to be admitted behind the scenes." 
 
 The principal performers appear to have been Messrs. Wyrill, Her- 
 bert, Eyanson, Kean, and Miss Osborne. The company played whilst 
 in Annapolis, "The Busy Body," "Beaux Stratagem," "Recruiting 
 Officer," "London Merchant," "Cato," "Richard III," and other 
 dramas. This company afterward performed at Copper Marlborough 
 and Piscataway, on the Western Shore, and at Chestertown, on the Eas- 
 tern. 
 
 At the same time the Virginia company was here, Mr. Richard 
 Bucknell and company exhibited some curious wax figures, represent- 
 ing the Queen of Himgary sitting on her throne, and the Duke, her 
 son, and courtiers in attendance. In 1760, the Gazette announced 
 that "by permission of his Excellency, the Governor, a theatre is 
 erecting in this city which will be opened soon by a company of come- 
 dians who are now at Chester To\tu," This company arrived March 
 3rd, and began performing the same evening. They remained until 
 May 12th. 
 The following show the dramas performed in tliat period : 
 
 Plays. Farces. 
 
 ]\Lirch 3. Orphans. Lethe, or Esop in 
 
 the Shades. 
 " 6. Recruiting Officer. Miss in her Teens. 
 
 " 8. Venice Preserved. Mock-Doctor. 
 
 " 10. Richard III. King and the Mil- 
 
 ler.
 
 History of Annapolis, 
 
 147 
 
 " 13. Provoked Husband. 
 
 " 15, Fair Penitent. 
 
 " 20. Stratagem. 
 
 " 32. George Barnwell. 
 
 " 24. Busy-Body. 
 
 •' 27, Revenge. 
 
 " 29. Bold Stroke for a Wife. 
 
 (In Passion week the Theatre was closed.) 
 April 7.*Romeo and Juliet. Stace Coach. 
 " 8. Provoked Husband. 
 
 " 9. Othello. 
 
 " 10. Constant Couple. 
 
 Stage Coach. 
 Anatomist. 
 Lethe, 
 
 Lying Valet. 
 IMock-Doctor. 
 Lying Valet. 
 Damon and Pliil- 
 lida. 
 
 Honest Yorkshire- 
 man. 
 
 Devil to Pay. 
 
 King and the Mil- 
 ler. 
 Miss in her teens,. 
 
 Mock-Doctor. 
 
 Hob. 
 
 Lying Valet. 
 
 Devil to Pay. 
 
 Yorkshireman* 
 
 Lethe. 
 
 Lying Valet. 
 
 Lethe. 
 
 Yorkshi reman. 
 
 Virgin Unmasked' 
 
 Lethe. 
 
 Toy Shop. 
 
 " 11. t Uomeo and Juliet. 
 " 12. Suspicious Husband. 
 April 14. Richard III. (Ben of Mr. Douglass.) 
 " 15. Fair Penitent. (Mr. Palmer.) 
 " 16. Venice Preserved. (Mr. Murray.) 
 '* 17. Provoked Husband. (Mrs. Douglass.-) 
 " 19. Revenge. (Mr. Hallam.) 
 '* 22. Stratagem. (Mrs. and Miss Dowthaitt 
 " 23. Orphan. (Miss Crane and Comp.) 
 " 24. Constant Couple. (Mr. Morris.) 
 May 5. Douglass. (Mrs. A, Hallam,) 
 " 8. Jew of Venice. (Mr. Morris.) 
 " 12. Gamester. (Mr. Scott.) 
 The company then went to Upper Marlboro' and played several 
 weeks. 
 
 On Saturday, the IStli of February, 1769, a new theatre was opened 
 by the American company of comedians with Romeo and Juliet. 
 The company then consisted of Messrs. Hallam, Jefferson, Verling, 
 "Wall, Darby, Morris, Parker, Godwin, Spencer, Page, Walker, Os- 
 borne, and Burdett, Mrs. Jones, Walker, Osborne, Burdett, Malone, 
 Parker and Mrs. Hallam. This company was held in high estimation 
 in Annapolis, and especially for its performance of Richard III. 
 Miss Hallam excited the admiration of the poets, and the Muse's flame 
 was kindled in her honor. One of the stanzas to this star of the 
 stage ran : 
 
 "Around her, see the Graces play, 
 
 See Venus' Wanton Doves, 
 And in her Eye's Pellucid Ray, 
 See little Laughing Loves. 
 Ye Gods ! 'Tis Cytherea's Face." 
 It was this theatre tliat Mr. Bddis, the ever-faithful chronicler, so 
 quaintly described in his letter dated from Annapolis, November 2nd, 
 1771, and printed in the preceding chapter: 
 
 This theatre stood on the present site of the Adams Express OlTice, 
 West Street, and was pulled down over fifty years ago to make room 
 for the present liuilding, which was erected by the Hutton Brothers, 
 as a wagon manufactory. 
 * ''I^omeo, by a young gentleman for his diversion." 
 t "Witli the funeral procession of Juliet, to tlie monument of Capuietts."
 
 14S ''The Ancient Citv."" 
 
 The theatre in Annapolis wffs the miniature of the progress of 
 di'aiaatic art the world over. Here was the devotion to actresses and 
 here was displayed tlieiv haughty tyranny when their royal highnesses 
 were displeased by an exacting and capricious public. This hauteur 
 was pointedly evinced on the last night of a season's performances by 
 the Old American Company of Comedians. Durhig the evening the 
 audience desired a Mrs. Henry to perform some part of the programme 
 which she refused to do. A local correspondent wrote to the Crasette 
 that "pity it is that being so well satisfied with the comijany in gen- 
 eral, the Annapolitans should at last have their indignation excited 
 by the contemptuous and ungrateful behavior of Mrs. Henry, who not 
 only obstinately refused to gratify them in the only way in which she is 
 superiorly qualified to please, but had not even the compliance to 
 offer an apology for denying their request. But if we regret that our 
 good humor siiould, at length, have been tired out by the insolence of 
 this princess, we lament still more feelingly that our displeasure should, 
 even in appearance, have fallen on two jjerformers so deservedly pos- 
 sessed of our favor and esteem as Mrs. Morris and Mr. Wignell while 
 the audience were bent on hearing Mrs. Henry sing.'" 
 
 In 1828, another theatre was built of wood on Duke of Gloucester street, 
 on the present site of the Presbyterian Church. The corner-stone of this 
 theatre was laid on the 14th of August, 1838, by Richard I. Jones, 
 Esq. A leaden box, containing a list of the names of the Building 
 Committee, a copy of each of the newspapers printed in this city, and 
 a copy of the will of General Washington, was deposited under it. An 
 appropriate address was delivered by James F. Brice, Esq., in the 
 presence of the Committee, and a respectable number of citizens, who 
 had assembled to witness the ceremony. It is deserving of remark, 
 that the stone used for the corner-stone of this edifice, was the corner- 
 stone of the theatre which formerly stood on West street, and which 
 was pulled down about 1818. 
 
 Of this theatre Mr. David Ridgely wrote in 1841, it "is rarely opened 
 not having votaries of the dramatic muse sufficient to sustain it even 
 for a season." 
 
 Annapolis since that period has had no regular theatre ; but is indebted 
 to occasional visits of artists of genius, among them John E. Owens 
 and Madame Janneseheck, with a plenitude of strolling companies ol 
 indifferent ability — whose place of performance is the Masonic Opera 
 House. The amateur talent of Annapolis has been occasionally dis- 
 played to the signal credit of performers and the pleasure of the pub- 
 lic. Frequent dramatic performances at the JS^aval Academy have 
 enlivened the monotonous duties of miliiary life, and the exhibit of 
 town-talent at the Masonic Opera House in 1879 and 1881 in the repro- 
 duction of the cantatas of Belshazzer and Joseph reflected the high 
 jnusical talent and dramatic skill of our citizens, and afforded unusual 
 jdeasure to large and cultivated audiences.
 
 H I S T K V P A N jr A P O L[ 149' 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIII. 
 The SxA^fP Act in Annapolis. 
 
 1765—176(5. 
 
 Boston, on the 141 h of August. 1765, hung and burned thi'elligjesof 
 Bute and Greville. Tliirteen days later Annapolis to show its " detes- 
 tation of, and abhorrence to, some late tremendous attacks on liberty 
 and their dislike to a certain late arrived officer, a iiafifc of this 
 province !'' "curiously dressed up the figure of a man, which they 
 placed in a one-horse cart, male-factor like, with some sheets of paper 
 in his hands before his face. In that manner they paraded through 
 the streets of the town, till noon, the bell at the same time tolling a 
 solemn knell, when they proceeded to the hill, and after giving it the 
 Mosaic Law at the whipping-post, placed it in the pillory, from whence 
 they took it and hung it on a gibbet, there erected for that purpose, 
 and set fire to a tar-ljarrel underneath and burnt it till it fell into the 
 barrel. By the many significant nods of the head, while in the cart, 
 it may be said to have gone off very penitently." 
 
 The proceedings were under the direction of '"a considerable num- 
 ber of people" calling themselves "Asserters of British American 
 privileges," who had assembled from all parts of the State, amongst 
 them being that bold and aggressive spirit, Samuel Chase — m 1776, 
 one of the signers of the Declaration of Independance from Mai'yland. 
 
 The man who was the appointed instrument of oppression for Mary- 
 land, was a native and merchant of Annapolis, one Zachariah Hood, 
 who happened to be in London at the time the stamp act was passed, 
 and who, thus early at court, and too far from home to know the dangers 
 of the office he desired to fill, sought and received the royal gift. 
 McMahon photographs him in one sentence : "'He was a willing instru- 
 ment in the hands of a tyrannical ministry for the oppression of the 
 people amongst whom he was born and had lived." 
 
 The announcement of this appointment was made in a letter from 
 London, published in the Gazdiv of August 23nd, 1765. ''We are 
 credibly informed," says the writer. ''thatZ h H d, late a so- 
 journing merchant of the city of Annapolis : but. at present, Z h 
 
 H d, at St. James', has, forliis many eminent services to the King 
 
 and country during the late war, got the commission of Distributor of 
 the stamps of that province. This gentleman's conduct is highly ap- 
 proved of here by all Court-cringing politicians, since he is supposed 
 to have wisely considered that if his country must be stamped, the 
 blow would be easier borne from a native, than a foreignei-. who might 
 not be acc[uainted with their manners and institutions." 
 
 On the arrival of Hood in the latter part of August, or the first of 
 September, with his stamps, he was met at the City Dock by the citi- 
 zens of Annapolis who had re])aired in a body to resist his landing. In 
 this they were successful, and, in the scuffle which ensued, Mr. 
 Thomas McXeir had his thigh broken — the first patriot injured in the 
 struggle for An.erican rights. The names of two others only who 
 took part in this rally for liberty have come down to us. They were 
 Mr. Charles Farris and Mr. Abraham Claude — the latter, the grand- 
 father of our estimable Mayor, Dr. Abram Claude. 'I'he landing, pre- 
 vented at the City Dock, was clandestinely made at another point.
 
 150 "TheAncientCity.'' 
 
 Foiled ill one assault, the people made another. On the night of Sep- 
 tember 2nd, three or four hundred people assembled in Annapolis, 
 and pulled down a house which Hood was having repaired for the re- 
 ception of a cargo of goods. Terrified at such suggestive proceedings 
 at the hands of his former friends a'.;d the populace generally. Hood 
 intimated to Governor Sharpe that if he thought that his resignation 
 as stamp distributor would reconcile his countrymen to him, and would 
 advise him to take that step, he would throw up the commission of 
 his tormenting office. Governor Sharpe was imwilling to take this re- 
 sponsibility, and, as Hood and his relations felt that he would not be 
 safe in his or the Governor's house, he retired "for a few weeks to 
 New York." Before he went, however, he declared the office had 
 been solicited by Thomas Ringgold, a member of the Legislature from 
 Kent. Ringgold indignantly denied this by advertisement in public 
 print, and said if the office had been asked for him by any one, it was 
 without his knowledge. In the same issue of the (gazette, Benjamin 
 "Welsh gave public notice that he would "pay no tax whatever but 
 what is laid upon me by my representative." 
 
 Hood did not purchase peace by flight. On the 38th of November, 
 a party of citizens of the neighborhood, surroinided the house on Long 
 Island, in which Hood was concealed. As escape was impossible, he 
 "endeavored to excuse his conduct and desired liberty to relate his 
 case, and read the letters he had wrote to reconcile himself to his in- 
 censed country. The request was granted. He said that some con- 
 siderable service that he had done or designed his country, together 
 with his long absence from it and his friends, en his late return from 
 England to Maryland, had given him expectations of the most agree- 
 able and endearing reception, and the pleasing views of a genteel sub- 
 sistence for life. But that on his arrival he was every way so totally 
 disappointed that he was really an object of compassion rather than- 
 resentment — that he was obliged to leave all his affairs in the greatest 
 confusion and fly for the preservation of his life. That his absence 
 had occasioned great losses, and that his life was still in danger should 
 he ofter to return. That he had been in a state of continual painful 
 anxiety ever since his arrival in America, that even his enemies might 
 pity." He begged that he might resign upon his honor, without 
 oath, and "that he might be allowed to hold his office if his country- 
 men might hereafter desire it." Neither request was granted, and 
 under threat of being delivered to the multitude, Hood agreed to exe- 
 cute, and subsequently, did, under oath, a complete and abject resig- 
 nation. 
 
 The mob, its indignation now changed to gratification, cheered Hood 
 and invited him to an entertainment which he very naturally declined 
 on the ground that "he was in such a frame of body and mind that he 
 would be unhapi)y in any company." 
 
 Whilst the Annapolis stamp-officer was undergoing such severe 
 treatment in New York, the citizens of his native place remained as 
 sincerely in earnest in their intention never to submit to the stamp- 
 act as when they met Hood on the wharf of the Citv Dock and pre- 
 vented his landing. 
 
 On the 31st of October, a supplement to the Maryland Gazette ap- 
 peared in dee]) mourning. The editor announced his intention of sus-
 
 History of Annapolis. 151 
 
 ■pending jiublication, rather than submit to tlie "intolerable and Inir- 
 ihensome terms," imposed on all newspapers by the stamp-act, de- 
 claring, "The times are Dreadful, Dismal, Doleful, Dolorous, and 
 Dollerless." 
 
 On the 10th of December, "an apparition of the late Maryland 
 Gazette^' appeared, the editor determining to resurrect his paper 
 "under the firm belief that the odious stamp-act would never be car- 
 ried into operation." He announced that the Gazette "shall be, as it 
 had been, sacred to liberty and consequently to virtue, religion, and 
 the good and welfare of its country." Here was a noble example of 
 the fearless and conscientious editor who, whilst receiving the patron- 
 age of the crown offices, boldly defended the rights of the people. 
 
 The attacks of the Gazette upon Parliament were incessant, and 
 came often in pithy paragraphs and pointed allusions that carried 
 greater weight than extended arguments. 
 
 The final passage of the stamp-act it had conveyed to the people in 
 this paragraph : "Friday evening last, between nine and ten o'clock, 
 we had a very smart thunder gust, which struck a house in one part 
 of the town, and a tree in another. But we were more tlmnderstrucli, 
 last Monday, on the arrival of Capt. Joseph Richardson, in the ship 
 Pitt, in six weeks from Downs, with a certain account of the stamp-act 
 being absolutely passed." 
 
 The people of Maryland had never intended to submit to the stamp- 
 ;act, and this determination culminated in March, 1766, when the 
 "Sons of Libektv," from Baltimore, Kent and Anne Arundel coun- 
 ties met at Annapolis and made a written application to the Chief 
 Justice of the Provincial Court, the Secretary and Commissary-Gen- 
 eral, and Judges of the Land Office, to open their respective offices. 
 and to proceed as usual in the execution of their duties. This request 
 was granted and the stamp-act became a rigid corpse in Maryland. 
 
 The presence of his Majesty Sloop Hawke, which arrived in Decem- 
 ber, 1765, with the stamped paper for Maryland, did not cool the 
 ardor of the patriots. There was no person to receive the paper, and 
 'Governor Sharpe had ignominiously to return three boxes of it to Eng- 
 land by a merchant ship, the Brandon, Capt. McLachlan, in Decem- 
 ber, 1766. 
 
 Hood himself afterward returned to Annapolis and conducted busi- 
 ness without molestation. 
 
 On the 5th of April, 1766, the glad news was received by express 
 that the stamp-act had been repealed. The city responded to the 
 good tidings, and the afternoon was spent by the people in mirth and 
 congratulations, iu which "all loyal and patriotic toasts were drank." 
 
 On the 11th of June, by pruclamation of the Mayor, the day was 
 given over to rejoicing and festivity on account of the "glorious 
 news" of the absolute repeal of the stamp -act. At night the city was 
 brilliantly illuminated. 
 
 [1765.] A few nights after the mob destroyed Mr. Hood's intended 
 residence in Annapolis, a British officer and a Mr. Hammond had a 
 dispute about their prowess. Midnight was the hour, a public house 
 the place, a large company the spectators. The disputants agreed to 
 decide the debate by a bout at boxmg. IMr. Hammnud was worsted, 
 and so much so tliat he had to Irave the company. Tliereupon a cry
 
 l.-,2 ''The Ancient City." 
 
 arose that Mr. llamnioud had been killed liy the officers. Whereupon 
 a mob gathered, and tlie British officers of the Hornet, it seems lying off 
 the town, were in danger of being murdered upon the strength ot the 
 fal'JC cry. The gentlemen of the town interferred. and the partici- 
 pants in the mob were afterward ashamed to acknowledge their con- 
 nection with it. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIV. 
 
 (iov. Eden, of Maryland, the Last English Gov- 
 ernor TO Leave the Kevolted Cot,onies. 
 
 1769—1776. 
 
 Robert Eden became Governor of Maryland in 1760, under the 
 grant of Cliarles the First to Lord Baltimore. He was alike"- the last 
 of the proprietary Governors of Maryland and the last English Gov- 
 ernor to leave tlie revolted Colonies. It was under his hospitable 
 roof that Wa-^hingtou was guest when at Annapolis and where he 
 displayed that native dignity in conversation and broad liberality in 
 opinion which so eminently distinguished his lofty character. 
 
 It was in the lovely month of .June when Gov. Eden landed. At 
 this season the picturesque scenery of Annapolis is particularly beauti- 
 ful. Oil the fifth of the month the ship bearing Gov. Eden, wife, and 
 family arrived in the harbor. On coming to anchor the ship fired 
 seven guns which number was returned by the citziens. In the 
 afternoon when the Governor landed he was met by all the memliers 
 of the Govei-nor's Council then in town, and a great number of citi- 
 zens, the guns of the battery making the Severn resound with its 
 salvo of welcome. On Tuesday morning, about ten o'clock, he went 
 up to the CO uicil house, attended by his lordship's honorable council, 
 where his CDmmission was open and published. 
 
 Th ' royal (Tovernor was a gentlemen, "easy of access, courteous to 
 all, and fascinating by his accomplishments," and so too Mr. William 
 Hddis round liim. for when he arrived in Annapolis, September o'rd, 
 1769. to take the position of English Collector of Customs and made 
 his a}ipearance before the Governor. He says : "My reception was 
 equal to my warmest wishes. The deportment of Governor Eden 
 was open and friendly. He invited me to meet a party at dinner, and 
 I to')k leave till the appointed hour, with a heart replete with joy and 
 gratitude. On my return to the Governor, he introduced me, in 
 t,he most obliging terms, to several persons of the highest respecta- 
 bility in the province. He treated me with the utmost kindness and 
 cordiality ; assured me of his strongest disposition to advance my fu- 
 ture prosperity and gave an unlimited invitation to his hospitable 
 table."
 
 HiSTOKYOF Annapolis. 153 
 
 Not only to the select circle of a private eoinpauy of his intimate 
 friends did Governor Eden dispense his generous hospitality, but when 
 the little city appeared in all its splendor on the anniversary of the 
 proprietary's birth, he "gave a grand entertainment on the occasion 
 to a numerous party ; the company brought with them every disposi- 
 tion to render each other hapi)y : and the festivities concluded with 
 i-ards, and dancing which engaged the a'^tention of their respective 
 ^otaries till an early hour." 
 
 Although the Grovernor led in the festivities of the province, he was 
 not unmindful of the weightier cares of State. Mr. Eddis, who 
 ^poke with the unction cf a grateful heart and sanguine temperament 
 said of him: "'He appears competent to the discharge of hisirapor- 
 vant duty. Not only in the summer. l)ut during the extreme rigour 
 of an American winter, it is his custom to rise early ; till the hoiir of 
 dinner he devotes the whole of his time to provincial concerns ; the 
 meanest individual obtains an easy and immediate access to his person : 
 he investigates, with accuracy, the complicated duties of his station ; 
 and discovers, upon every occasion, alacrity in the dispatch of busi- 
 ness ; and a perfect knowledge of the relative connexions of the 
 country." 
 
 Not only was Gov. Eden moved by motives of principle and personal 
 welfare to promote the well-being of the province, but being a brother- 
 in-law of Lord Baltimore, his family interests urged him to make the 
 commonwealth pi'osperous. He was not wanting in any public enter- 
 prise to further the happiness of the province. A patron of the 
 drama, it was by his liberal example, sufficient funds wei'e raised to 
 erect a theatre in Annapolis on a commodious plan. He was beside 
 the friend of education, and through his exertions a Seminary was es- 
 tablished "which as it will be conducted under excUent regulations, 
 will shortly preclude the necessity of crossing the Atlantic for the 
 completion of a classical and |)olite education." 
 
 In June, 1774. Governor Eden made a visit to England. He re- 
 turned early in November. 
 
 Tn the meantime the Peggy Stewart had been burned. 
 
 On the 8th of November, Eddis wrote : "The Governor is returned 
 to a land of trouble. He arrived about ten this morning in perfect 
 health. He is nf)w c )'nm'^ncod an actor on a busy theatre : his part 
 a truly critical o'lc. To stem the popular torrent, and to conduct his 
 measures with consistency, will require the exertion of all his faculties. 
 The present times demand superior talents, and his, I am persuaded, 
 will be invariably directed to promote the general good. Hitherto 
 Ids co::duct has secured to hi n a well-merited popularity ; and his re- 
 turn to the province has been expected with an impatience which suf- 
 ficiently evinces the sentiments of the public in his favor." 
 
 The bearing of the Governor during this trying period is desi-ribed 
 by his ever faithful admirer, Eddis, who, Marcli 13, 177o, wrote — "It 
 is withpleasure I am able to assert, that a greater degree of modera- 
 tion appears to predominate in this province, than in any other on the 
 continent, and I am perfectly assured we are very materially indebted 
 for this peculiar advantage to the collected and consistent conduct of 
 ovir Governor, whose views,fippear solely directed to advance the in- 
 terests of the community ; and to preserve, by every possilile method, 
 the public tranquility,"
 
 •154 ' 'The A NC lENT City. '' 
 
 On May l-J, Mr. Eddis wrote; "The Governor continues to stand 
 .fair with tlio i)eople of this province ; our public prints declare him 
 to be the only person, in his station, who, in these tumultuous times, 
 has given the administration a fair and impartial representation of im- 
 portant occurrences ; and I can assert, with the strictest regard to 
 truth, that he conducts himself in his arduous department, with an 
 invariable attention to the interest of his royal master, and the es- 
 sential welfare of the province over which he has the honor to pre- 
 side." 
 
 When the regulation went forth that all must join the association 
 against British importation and for kindred measures of opposition, 
 Gov. Eden and his family alone were accepted. 
 
 September 26th, Mr. Eddis found the Governor in company with a 
 few select loyal friends ; where "political occurrences engrossed their 
 conversation in which hope appeared to operate but weakly, with re- 
 spect to the eventful transactions of the times." 
 
 There was one proof in spite of the Governor's title and popularity, 
 that he, after all, was but a royal prisoner with a show of authority — 
 all his letters had to pass the ordeal of examination by the piovincial 
 authorities. He continued, however, "to receive every external mark 
 of attention and respect : while the steady proi)riety of his conduct 
 in many trying exigencies, reflected the utmost credit on his modera- 
 tion and understanding." 
 
 But the times were growing too troublous for matters to remain in 
 this placid state with the Governor. In the early part of April, 1776, 
 a vessel containing a packet of letters from Lord George Germaine, 
 Secretary of State for the American Department, was seized by an 
 armed vessel in the provincial service. 
 
 Lord George Germaine' s letters acknowledged the important infor- 
 mation which the administration had received from the governor, who 
 was assured "of his Majesty's entire approbation of his conduct ; and 
 was directed to proceed in the line of his duty with all possible ad- 
 dress and activity." 
 
 This packet was forwarded to General Lee, who had the command 
 of the southern district, by whom it was immediately dispatched to 
 IMaryland, with a strong recommendation to seize the person of the 
 governor, together with all papers and documents of office ; by which 
 it was pT'csuraed some important discoveries would be made of minis- 
 terial intentions. 
 
 The council of safety acted on this critical occasion with the ut- 
 most mxleration and delicacy. Governor Eden, by the atlabilitv of 
 his manners and his evident disposition to promote the interests of 
 the province, had conciliated universal regard. They, therefore, 
 avoided jiroceeding with that precipitate vigour so strenuously en- 
 joined ; and only required him to give his parole, that he would not 
 take any measures for leaving the continent, till after the meeting of 
 the next convention. 
 
 This requisition the governor, for some time, warmly resisted ; but, 
 on conviction that the measure was unavoidable, he thought it neces- 
 sary to comply : therefore, on the sixteenth of April, gave every satis- 
 factory assurance. t 
 
 On tlie seventh of May, the convention assembled, and on the 2od, 
 came to a determination respecting the Governor, when it was 
 resolved, "that his longer continuance in the province, at so critical
 
 History of Annapolis. 155 
 
 ■a period, might !)C prejudicial to the cause in which the colonies were 
 unanimously engaged ; and that, therefore, his immediate departure 
 for England was absolutely necessary. " An address was accordingly 
 directed to be drawn up, and presented to his excellency, which was 
 delivered to him the next evening by a committee of that Ijody. 
 
 In this address the sentiments of the convention were expressed in 
 libei'al terms : they acknowledged the services re':dered by the gover- 
 nor to the country, on many former occasions ; and they expressed 
 the warmest wishes, that ''when the unhappy disputes which at pres- 
 ent prevail, are constitutionally accommodated, he may sjieedily re- 
 turn and re-assume the reins of government." 
 
 The Continental Congress urged the seizure of Gov. Eden's person, 
 and the Virginia convention passed the following resolutions against 
 the convention of Maryland : 
 
 "Resolved unanimously. That the Cnmmittee of Safety be directed 
 to write a letter to the President of tlie Convention of Maryland, in 
 answer to his letter of the twenty-fifth instant, expressing the deep- 
 est concern at the proceedings of that Convention, respecting Gover- 
 nor Eden ; and our reasons for not l)ecoming accessary thereto, by 
 giving him a passport through this colony, of the V)ay adjoining : that 
 we would with reluctance, in any cause, intermeddle in the affairs of 
 a sister colony. l:)ut in this matter we are much interested ; and the 
 Convention of Maryland, by sending their proceedings to the Com- 
 mittee of Safety, has made it the duty of the Convention, to declare 
 their sentiments thereon. 
 
 "That considering the letter from Lord George Germaine to Gover- 
 nor Eden, in which his whole conduct, and confidential letters are ap- 
 proved : and he is directed to give facility and assistance to the ojoera- 
 tion of Lord Dunmore, against Virginia, we are at a loss to account for 
 the Council of Safety of Maryland, for their having neglected to seize 
 him, according to the recommendation of the general Congress, and 
 more so for the Convention having promoted his passage, to assist in 
 our destruction, under jjretence of his retiring r,o England, which we 
 conceive from the above letter, he is not at liberty to do, that suppos- 
 ing he should go to Britain it appears to i;s, that such voyage, with 
 the address presented to him, will enable him to assume the character 
 of a public agei^t, and by promoting division amongst the colonies, 
 produce consequences of most fatal to the American cause, that as 
 the reasons assigned for his departure: "That he must obey the 
 mhiisterial mandates while remaining in his government," are 
 very unsatisfactory, when the Convention declare, that "in his 
 
 . absense, the government, in its old form, will devolve on the 
 President of the Council of State," who will be under equal 
 obligation to ®bey such mandates. We cannot avoid imputing 
 these proceedings to some undue influence of Governor Eden, imder 
 the mask of friendship to America, and of the proprietary in- 
 terest of Maryland, whereby the members of that Convention were 
 betrayed into a vote of fatal tendency to the common cause, and. we 
 fear, to this country in particular, and feel it an indispensible duty, 
 to warn the good people of that province against the proprietary 
 
 ; influence." 
 
 "Edji. 1'endletox. President. 
 "John Tazwell, Clk. Convention."
 
 l.)6 '-The An <■ 1 1: x t City.'' 
 
 The iippeal ol' Virginia to seize (lov. Eden, of IMaryland. added to 
 t lie violence of the jieople : and the Whig club of Baltimore loudly 
 jtroclaimed the absolute necessity to capture the Governor, as a pledge 
 of public safely, and it was asserted that a jjlan was in agitation to 
 accomplish that purpose in defiance of the legislature. Gov. Eden 
 did not appear concerned, but i-elied on the honor of the convention 
 which had solemnly jiledged his safe departure. 
 
 On Sunday, June 23, f776, the frigate Fowey, ('apt. George Mon- 
 tague, arrived for Gov. Eden. -and the <3rst Lieutentant of the ship 
 came on shore with a flag of tnice. Every moment now brotight 
 changes, the militia were under arms, and, a general confusion pre- 
 vailed. 
 
 Under date of June 29. 1T76, Mr. Eddis wrote from Annapolis : 
 
 '•Till the moment of the governor's embarkation on the 28d, there 
 was every reason to apprehend a change of disposition to his prejudice. 
 Some few were even clamorous for his detention. But the council of 
 safety, who acted under a resolve of the convention, generously rati- 
 fied the engagements of that body : and after they had taken an af- 
 fectionate leave of their late supreme magistrate, he was conducted 
 to the barge with every mark of respect due to the elevated station 
 he had so worthily filled. 
 
 •'A few minutes before his departure, I received his strict injunc- 
 I ions to be steady and cautious in the regulation of my conduct : and 
 not to abandon my sitnatio^i. on any consideration, until absolutely 
 discharged by an authority which might, too probably, be erected on 
 the ruins of the ancient constitution. I promised the most implicit 
 attention to his salutary advice ; and rendered my grateful acknowl- 
 edgements for the innumerable obligations he had conferred on me ; 
 at the same time I offered my most fervent wishes that his future hap- 
 piness might be full proportion to the integrity of his conduct, and 
 the benevolence of his mind. 
 
 •'In about an hour the barge reached the Fowey, and the governor 
 was received on board under a discharge of cannon ; his baggage and 
 provisi.-ns were left on shore, to be forwarded in the course of the en- 
 suing day. 
 
 "During the night, some servants, and a soldier belonging to the 
 .Maryland regiment, found means to escape en board his Majesty's 
 ship, which being almost iumiediately discovered, a flag was sent off, 
 with a message to Captahi Montague, demanding the restitution of 
 the men, previous to any further communication. 
 
 '•Captain Montague, in reply, acquainted the c-ouneil of safety, 
 •'that he could not, consistently with his duty, deliver up any persons 
 who, as subjects of his Britann'ic ^lajesty. had fled to him for refuge 
 and protection : he had strictly given it "in charge to such officers as 
 might be sent on shore, not to bring off any of the inhabitants with- 
 out the express permission of the ruling p"owers; but that the case 
 was extremely different respecting those who had, even at hazard of 
 life, given evidence of their attachment tf) the ancient constitution.' 
 
 "This message not being deemed satisfactory, a letter was dis- 
 patched to the governor demanding his interference in this critical 
 business, \vith an intimation, that the detention of the men would be 
 considered as a manifest breach of the regulation under which flags 
 of truce are established.
 
 History o i-" A x x a p o l i s . 157 
 
 "Governor Eden received the oificer which proper attention, but re- 
 plied, he had only to observe, that on board his Majesty's ship, he had 
 not tlie least authority ; and that Captain Montague was not to bi^ 
 influenced by his opinion, as he acted on principles which he con- 
 ceived to be strictly consistent with the line of his duty. 
 
 "The event ot this negotiation was disagreeable in its consequence 
 to the governor. The populace were exceedingly irritated, and it was 
 thought expedient not only to prohibit all further intercourse with the 
 Fowey, but also to detain the various stores which the governor had 
 provided for his voyage to Europe. This resolution was intimated in 
 express terms ; and, on the evening of the 24th, Captain Montagui; 
 weighed anchor, and stood down the-bay, for his station on tlie coast 
 of Virginia." 
 
 The property, the Governor had left liehind, was confiscated. In 
 1783, he returned to Annapolis to obtain the restitution of his prop- 
 erty. He died soon after his arrival in the house now owned and oc- 
 cupied Ijy the Sisters of Notre Dame, on Shipwright street. He was 
 buried, says Mr. Ridgely, "under the pulpit of the Episcopal Church 
 (m the north side of Severn within two or three miles of this place. 
 This church was some years since burned down." 
 
 I have tried by diligent inquiry to locate this church. The nearest 
 approach to the truth is found in the fact that, on the farm of Mrs. 
 Winchester, near the track of the Annapolis and Baltimore Short Line 
 Railroad, is an ancient graveyard — the site of an Episcopal Church 
 that was burned down nearly a hundred years ago. There is a grave 
 in this cemetery, marked by a cross of bricks — and the tradition is 
 that an English Lord lies buried here. It would not take many 
 repetitions of oral history to change an English Governor to an Eng- 
 lish Lord. 
 
 CHArTEK XXX \\ 
 
 Shipyards, Race Couese.s, and Indians. 
 
 In 1747, a large ship, belonging to Mr. William Roberts, was built, 
 launched, and called after the names of its builders the "IIumnky and 
 Long." This is the year a shipload of rebels commonly called "tlie 
 King's passengers/' were lauded in Annapolis. 
 
 The first shipyard, of which there is any record, was located a few 
 feet below the culvert on Northwest street where it crosses Calvert. 
 The cove then made up beyond the jail. Its name has been lost and 
 the water has receded a c^uarter of a mile since then. 
 
 In other sections of the city the water has given place to land — 
 notably where a cove came up Church street as far as Mr. James 
 Munroe's store, and there is a lady living who has lieard a gentleman 
 say he used to tie his boat to a stake driven at the foot of Green street.
 
 158 "TheAncientCity.'' 
 
 Holland street and the property adjacent to the oyster-houses between 
 Prince George and Hanover streets are evidences that made ground 
 grows very fast under an impetus of business or improvement. 
 
 The owner of tlie Rumney and Long built and lived in the house 
 now owned by Mrs. A. Owen Iglehart. He had a blacksmith's shop 
 north of his residence, on whidi was a steeple in which was the only 
 bell of the city until St. Anne's arrived— the one tradition says was 
 presented by Queen Anne, and which was destroyed by fire in 1858. 
 Below this shop were sailmakers' lofts, and other workshops necessary 
 in shipbuilding. Messrs. Kirkwell ana Blackwell, ship-builders, were 
 also in his employ. 
 
 Tradition tells us, that they built the "Brig, Lovely Nancy"— at 
 the launch of which the follownig incident occurred : "She was on 
 the stocks, and the day appointed to place her on her destined element, 
 a large concourse of persons assembled to witness the launch, among 
 whom was an old white woman named Sarah McDaniel, who professed 
 fortune-telling, and was called 'a witch.' She was heard to remark — 
 'The Lovely Nancy will not see water today.' The brig moved 
 finely at first, and when expectation was at its height to see her glide 
 into the water, she suddenly stopped, and could not be again moved 
 on that day. This occurrence created much excitement amongst the 
 spectators ; and Captain Slade and the sailors were so fully persuaded 
 that she had been 'bewitched,' that they resolved to duck the old 
 woman. In the meantime she had disapjieared from the crowd : they 
 kept up the search for two or three days,, during which time she lay 
 concealed in a house*" 
 
 "The 'Lovely Nancy,' did afterwards leave the stocks, and is said 
 to have made several prosperous voyages. 
 
 "There was, at a later period, another shipyard on the Southwest 
 side of the city, at the termination of Charles street, where the 'Ma- 
 tilda,' and the 'Lady Lee' were launched — the first was owned by 
 Samuel Chase, Esq., and the latter by Governor Lee."* 
 
 At the foot of Maryland Avenue, about 1840, Benjamin Linthicum 
 built the Severn, a large schooner, for John S. Selby, an Annapolis 
 merchant. It was a very fine vessel. Ship-building has since gradually 
 declined in Annapolis. There was a small shipyard near the North- 
 east side of the dock in which bay craft were built, and one on the 
 Southwest side. The first commenced about the year 1850, and con- 
 tinued to 1860. It was also owned by Benjamin Linthicum. The 
 Marine Railway, now owned by Haller and Matzon, was the out- 
 growth and continuance of Linthicum's shipyard. 
 
 About 1750, a jockey club was established at Annapolis, consisting 
 of many "principal gentlemen in this, and in the adjacent provinces, 
 many of whom in order to encourage the breed of the noble animal, 
 imported from England, at a very great expense, horses of high repu- 
 tation." This club existed for many years. "The races at Annapo- 
 lis were generally attended by a great concourse of spectators, many 
 coming from the adjoining colonies. Considerable sums were bet on 
 these occasions. Subscription purses of a hundred guineas were for a 
 long time the highest amount run for, but subsequently were greatly 
 mcreased. The day of the races usually closed with balls, or theatri- 
 cal amusements." The race course at "this time and for many years 
 
 • Annals of Annapolis, p. 119.
 
 History of Annapolis. 153 • 
 
 after, was located on that part of the city just beyond Mr. Severe's 
 blacksmith shop, embracing a circle of one mile, taking in all that- 
 portion of the town now occupied by the Annapolis, Washington and 
 Baltimore railroad depot and the lands adjacent. 
 
 Severe's blacksmith shop stood where Henry B. Myers' feed ware- 
 house and coal yard, on Calvert street, are now located. 
 
 On the 20th of September, in 1750, a race was run on this course 
 between governor Ogle's Bay Gelding, and Col. Plater's Grey Stallion, 
 and won by the former. For next day six horses started, Mr. Waters' 
 horse Parrott, winning, distancing several of the running horses. "On 
 the same ground some years after. Dr. Hamilton's 'horse Figure.' won 
 a purse of fifty pistoles — beating two, and distancing three others. 
 'Figure' was a horse of great reputation — it is stated of him that, "he 
 had won many fifties — and in the year 1763, to have received pre- 
 miums at Preston and Carlisle, in Old England, where no horse would 
 enter against him — he never lost a race." Subsequently, the race 
 course was removed to a field some short distance beyond the city, on 
 which course some of the most celebrated horses ever known in America 
 have run. It was on this latter course that Mr. Bevans' bay horse 
 ''Oscar," so renowned in the annals of the turf, first ran. Oscar was- 
 bred on Mr. Ogle's farm near this city — he won many races, and in 
 the fall of 1808, it is well remembered, he beat Mr. Bond's "First 
 Consul" on the Baltimore course, who had challenged the continent — • 
 running the second heat in 7 m. 40 s., which speed had never been 
 excelled. t 
 
 "Old Ranter" was "Oscar's" great, great, grand sire. 
 
 To these races Gen. Washington used to repair, and in his diary 
 naively recounts his gains on the bets on the successful pacers. 
 
 These stirring seasons have long since ceased to occur — and the 
 memory of them no more excites the garrulity of tradition. In 1884, 
 an attempt was made to revive the race course, in conjunction with 
 agricultural fair grounds ; but the effort was abortive. 
 
 Twenty-one years later, 1771, "The Saint Tamina Society, " was in- 
 augurated in Annapolis, and continued its anniversary celebrations for 
 many years. The first day of May was set apart in memory of "Saint 
 Tamina," whose history, like those of other venerable saints, is lost 
 in fable and uncertainty. It was usual on the morning of 'this day, 
 for the members of the society to erect in some public situation in the 
 city, a "May- pole," and to decorate it in a most tasteful manner, 
 with wild flowers gathered from the adjacent woods, and forming 
 themselves in a ring around it, hand in hand, perform the Indian war 
 dance, with many other customs which they had seen exhibited by 
 the children of the forest. It was also usual on this day for such of 
 the citizens, who chose to enter into the amusement, to wear a piece of 
 buck's-tail in their hats, or in some conspicuous part of their dress. 
 
 "The first lottery drawn in this province," was at Annapolis, on 
 the 21st September, 1753, for the purchase of a "town clock, and 
 clearing the dock. ' ' The highest prize 100 pistoles — tickets half a pis- 
 tole. The managers were Benjamin Tasker, Jr., George Stewart, 
 Walter Dulany, and ten other gentlemen of this place. 
 
 On the 11th of August, of this year, Horatio Sharpe, Esq., governor 
 of the province, arrived here, in the ship Molly, Captain Nicholas 
 Coxen, from London. 
 
 t Ridgely's Annals of Annapolis.
 
 .(JO ''The Ancient City.'' 
 
 In Sopiember. (175:5,) several Gompanies andcr the com maud of 
 Oaptaiu Dagworthy. rJeiitenants Forty and Bacon, marched from Ai.i- 
 luipoli.s .-igamst the'Fronch on the Ohio. 
 
 On tlio M April, IToO, General Eraddock, Governor Dinwiddie and 
 nomniodore Keppel arrived here, on their way to Virginia. On 
 rho tlihuiid l'2thof tlie same month, there arrived Governor Sherley, of 
 lloston, Governor De Lancy, of New York, and Governor Morris, of 
 Plhhidelphia, with a number of distinguished gentlemen. They left 
 here accompanied by Governor Siiarpc, for Alexandria, and on the ITth 
 tliey returned to Annapolis on their way to their respective govern- 
 iucnts. A few days after, Governor Sharpe set out for Frederick 
 Town. 
 
 This period, which just preceded the defeat of General Braddoek, 
 near Fort Du Queen, appears to have been a busy time with their ex- 
 cellencies. 
 
 On the 29th of September, of this year. Dr. Charles Carroll departcil 
 this hfe, aged sixty-four years— he had resided in Annapolis about 
 forty years. For some years after his coming to this city, he • -practisec 1 
 physic with good success ; but laying that aside, he commenced trade 
 and merchandise, by which he amassed a very considerable fortune." 
 In 1737, he was chosen a member to the Lower House of Assembly, 
 in which station he is said to have spared no pains or application to 
 render hiiuself serviceable to the country and his constituents, to the 
 time of his death. He is represented to have been '"a gentleman of 
 good sense and breeding, courteous and affable," and was held inhigii 
 esteem by his fellow -citizens. Dr. Carroll owned all of the ground on 
 the lower part of Church street, on the South side, extending back to 
 the Duke of Gloucester street. 
 
 Mr. Green says in his Gazette of the Gth of November, of this year, 
 "we are now about entrenching the town. If the gentlemen, in the 
 neighborhood of Annapolis, were to send their forces to assist in it, a 
 few days would complete the work." 
 
 This measure, it would seem, was taken by the citizens, in con- 
 sequence of the "dreadful murders and massacres" committed 
 by the French and Indians upon the border country, and se- 
 rious apin-cheusions were entertained by the inhabitants that 
 Annapolis would fall into the hands of their "politic, cruel, and 
 cunning enemies." It was asserted by a writer for the Gazette, 
 that the Indians "were but little way from the city, and that so entire 
 was their defenceless situation, that even a small party of twenty or 
 thirty Indians, by marching in the night and skulking in the day 
 time, might come upon tliem unawares in the dead of night, burii 
 their houses, and cut their throats, before they could put themselves 
 in a posture of defence." Other writers of tile day, seemed to think 
 that there was no more danger of "Annapolis being attacked by the 
 Indiausthan Loudon." The fears of the inhabitants were soon quieted, 
 by the return of several gentlemen who had gone as volunteers to the 
 westward, and who reported they had seen no Indians, except one. 
 and he was "very quiet," for they found him dead. 
 
 The last Indians to visit Annapolis lived on the Potomac river. 
 Their name has not come down to us. They exchanged their lands 
 with the Calvert family for lands in Baltimore county where game was 
 more plentiful, and, as the white population advanced, the tribe re-
 
 History of Axwapolis, 
 
 161 
 
 ■tired to the Susquehanna. The Eastern shore tribes occasionally 
 visited Annapolis, and as late as 1840, there where some few residents 
 of Annapolis who remembered the visits of King Abraham and his 
 (Queen Sarah. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVI. 
 The Third State House in Annapolis. 
 
 1772—1887. 
 
 The Third State House. Corner Stone laid March 28, 1772. 
 
 In 1769, the Legislature appropriated £7,500 sterling to build the 
 present State House. The building committee was Daniel Dulany, 
 I'horaas Johnson, John Hall, William Paca, Charles Carroll, Barris- 
 ter, Lancelot Jacques, and Charles Wallace. The majority were em- 
 ^wered to contract with workmen, and to purchase raaterisils, and 
 were authorized to draw on the dual treasurers of the State for what- 
 ever further sums might be required to complete the building. 
 
 The foundation stone of the State House was laid on the 28th of 
 March, 1772, by Governor Eden. 
 
 In 1773, a copper roof was put on the State House, and in 1775, 
 •this roof was blown oflf. The Market House of the city was demolished 
 •by the same equinoctial gale, during which the tide rose three feet 
 perpendicularly above the common level. 
 
 The dome was not added to the State House until after the revolu- 
 4; ion. 
 
 11
 
 87 
 
 1(^2 ''The Ancient City.'' 
 
 The dimensions of the State House are : 
 
 Feet. 
 
 Prom the platform to the cornice, about ^^ 
 
 " " cornice to top of arc, of roof 23 
 
 " " top of the roof to the cornice of the facade of the 
 
 dome ' ^0 
 
 " " cornice to the band above the elliptical windows. . 24 
 
 This terminates the view internally 113 
 
 From the band to the balcony 22 
 
 Heii^ht of the turret 17 
 
 From the cornice of the turret to the floor of the campa- 
 
 nelle, or lantern .... 6 
 
 Height of the campanelle, or lantern 14 
 
 Height of the pedestal and acorn 10 
 
 Height of the spire 18- 
 
 Entire height, 200 
 
 Diameter of the dome, at its base 40 
 
 do. balcony 30 
 
 do. turret •• 17 
 
 do. campanelle, or lantern 10 
 
 do. acorn 3 8 in. 
 
 Length of the front of the building 130 
 
 Depth, (exclusive of the octagon.) 82 
 
 The architect was Joseph Clarke. Thomas Dance who executed the 
 stucco and fresco work, fell from the scaffold just as he had finished 
 the centre piece, and was killed. 
 
 The State House is situated upon a marked elevation in the centre 
 of Annapolis. The eminence rises in gradual terraces to the edifice, 
 which, though simple in architecture, has a lofty and majestic ap- 
 pearance, and has in all times "elicited alike the admiration of the 
 citizen, the sojourner, and the stranger for the beauty of its structure. ' ' 
 The main building is of brick, the dome of wood. From the dome 
 of the State House, 125 feet from the top of the Hill, a most delight- 
 ful view is obtained. The majestic Chesapeake and a hundred tribu- 
 taries, their bosoms covered with endless varieties of busy water craft ; 
 the ancient city ; its environs ; the Naval Academy — its ships of war ; — 
 the contiguous country with its sloping hills and variegated plains, for 
 an extent of thirty miles, gratify the eye of the delighted spectator. 
 
 The main entrance of the State House is through a modest porch, 
 facing southeast. It opens into a spacious hall, beautifully ornamented 
 with stucco work which was made from plaster brought from St. 
 Mary's county. 
 
 On the right hand is the Senate Chamber, 30 l)y 40 feet. Its ceiling 
 and walls are handsomely ornamented, and rich carpets cover its 
 floors. It has accommodations for twenty-six Senators, and a contracted 
 lobby gives room for a small number of auditors. Porti-aits at full 
 length of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, Samuel Chase, William Paca, 
 and Thomas Stone, signers of the Declaration of Independence from 
 Maryland, adorn the walls. 
 
 In 1876, this chamber was improved by order of the Board of Pub- 
 lic Works. The old gallery that linked the room with the great past 
 was torn down and carried to the cellar, and the State acquiesced in a 
 profanation it had never ordered.
 
 History OF Annapolis. 163 
 
 In the room adjoining the Senate is a portrait of the elder Pitt, in 
 which Lord Chatham is represented at full length in the attitude and 
 costume of a Koman orator — tlecorated with emblems of his lofty prin- 
 ciples. This portrait was painted by Charles Wilson Peale whilst in 
 England and presented by him, in 1794, to the State. 
 
 The Senate Chamber's highest title to renown is that in it Washing- 
 ton resigned his Military Commission after the Revolution, and became 
 again a civilian. In this room also was ratified by Congress in 1784, 
 the treaty of peace with Great Britain, which treaty recognized Ameri- 
 can Independence. 
 
 In September, 1786, at the suggestion of General Washington, it is 
 thought, as the scheme was concerted at Mt. Vernon, a convention 
 assembled at Annapolis to pi'opose measures to maintain harmonious 
 commercial relations l)etween the States. This body met in the Senate 
 Chamber. Five States were represented. The Commissioners who 
 arrived were from 
 
 New York — Alexander Hamilton and Egbert Benson. 
 
 New Jersey — Abraham Clark, William C. Houston, and James 
 Schureman. 
 
 Pennsylvania — Tench Coxe. 
 
 Delaware — George Ready, John Dickinson, Richard Bassett. 
 
 Virginia — Edmund Randolph, .James Madison, Jr., and St. George 
 Tucker. 
 
 Hamilton made the report that was adopted by the convention. It 
 proposed to the several States the convocation of a convention to take 
 into consideration the situation of the United States. 
 
 The Annapolis convention was the parent of the great convention of 
 1787, that framed the federal constitution. 
 
 On the left of the rotunda is the Hall of the House of Delegates. It 
 has seating capacity for 91 members. Three small lobbies give ac- 
 commodations for visitors. On the Northeastern wall hangs a paint- 
 ing, representing Washington, attended by General LaFayette and 
 Col. Tilghman his Aides-de-camp, and the Continental Army passing 
 in review. In Washington's hands are the articles of capitulation at 
 Yorktown. This picture was painted by Charles Wilson Peale in pur- 
 suance of a resolution of the Legislature, and is one of the best por- 
 traits extant of the immortal Virginian. 
 
 Opposite the entrance of the State House is the Library, containing, 
 duplicates included, 80,000 volumes. These are chiefly works on law and 
 public documents, but a handsome proportion of them is a valuable 
 collection of works on art, science, history, and fiction. The library 
 was established in 1834, and the building was enlarged in 1859. Be- 
 fore the inauguration of the State Library, the room, occupied at its 
 establishment, had been used by the General Court of Maryland. In 
 1804, that court was abolished. 
 
 On the second floor to the left of the staircase is the suite of rooms 
 occupied by the Court of Appeals. On the right of the stairway the 
 room of the Adjutant General (formerly the State Armory,) the pri- 
 vate oflice of the Governor, and the Executive Chamber are located. 
 
 In the Executive Chamber the portrait of George Calvert, the first 
 Lord Baltimore and England's Secretary of State under .James and 
 Charles, is seen. It is a copy from the painting byMytens, now in the 
 gallery of the Earl of Varulam at Glastenbury, England — and was 
 presented to the State by John W. Garrett, of Baltimore, as a result
 
 164 
 
 ''The Ancient City. 
 
 of the researches and efforts of Mr. F. B. Mayer, of Annapolis to m- 
 au-urate a gallery of the Governors of Maryland. A full length por- 
 trait of Charles,* third Lord Baltimore, was exchanged by the city of 
 Annapolis for the six portraits of Governors Paca, Small wood. Stone, 
 Sprigg Johnson, and Plater. These with the full length of Frederick, the 
 sixth and last Lord Baltimore, and a recent gift of a portrait of Governor 
 Robert Wright, and one of John Eager Howard, are the only portraits 
 of her Governors owned by the State. _ 
 
 In the Senate Chamber is a large picture by Edwin White, repre- 
 senting "Washington's Resignation of his Commission," obtained 
 under an order of the Maryland Legislature in 1859. 
 
 The basement of the State House is occupied by the furnace for 
 heating the building, the steam ventilator, and committee rooms. 
 
 An Annex to the State Library was ordered by the Legislature of 
 1886, a building long needed by reason of the over-crowded condition of 
 .the library. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVIL 
 
 Annapolis in the Declaration of Independence. 
 
 [1776.] The dramatic arraignment of George III. in the Declara- 
 tion of Independence, contains two counts that Annapolis helped to 
 make in that unique indictment. The Fifteenth Count that gives as 
 one of the causes which impelled the colonies to dissolve the political 
 bands that had connected them with Great Britain, reads : 
 
 "For protecting them, (armed troops) by a mock-trial, from pun- 
 ishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabi- 
 tants of these States." 
 
 This was literally done at Annapolis in 1768, when, in a dispute be- 
 tween some soldiers and citizens of the town, two citizens were killed. 
 As the homicides were marines, belonging to an armed vessel lying 
 near, they were in time of peace, on complaint of the citizens 
 arraigned before the Admiralty Court for murder. The whole affair 
 assumed the character of a solemn farce, so far as justice was con- 
 cerned, and, as might have been expected, the miscreants were ac- 
 quitted.* 
 
 Another count, the 16th, was : '"For quartering large bodies of 
 armed troops among us." 
 
 The Maryland Assembly had been slack in voting money to keep 
 Fort Frederick and Cumberland in the condition the provincial gov- 
 ernor, the representative of royal authority, wanted, and in Decem- 
 ber, 1757, five companies of the Royal Americans were quartered 
 upon the citizens of Annapolis as a penalty for the contumacy of the 
 General Assembly. They remained there until March 23nd, 1758. Gov- 
 ernor Sharpe expostulated against the severity and injustice of the 
 measure which punished the inhabitants of one town for the supposed 
 sins of a State. 
 
 • LoBsing's Lives ol the P'gners, p. 287.
 
 History of Annapolis. 165 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVIII. 
 Annapolis During the Revolutionary Wak. 
 
 The seeds of the American Revolution had been sown in 1765 by the 
 passage of the Stamp Act. The constant and determined support, 
 Annapolis gave to the patriot cause, had been plainly foreshadowed by 
 its resistance to the attempted enforcement of this odious legislation, 
 audits summary treatment of Hood, the British distributor of stamps, 
 though Maryland was loath to break those political ties that bound 
 her to the mother country. 
 
 When the news of the blockade of Boston Harbor reached Annapilis, 
 a meeting of its citizens was called. On Wednesday, the 25th day of 
 May, 1774, the people convened, when it was 
 
 "iiesulce'l, That it is the unanimous opinion of this meeting, that 
 the town of Boston is now suffering in the common cause of America, 
 and that it is incumbent on every colony in America, to unite in eifec- 
 tual measures to obtain a repeal of the late act of parliament, for 
 blocking up the harbor of Boston. 
 
 "That it is the opinion of tliis meeting, that if the colonies come 
 into a joint resolution to stop all importation from, and exportation 
 to, Great Britain, till the said act be repealed, the same will preserve 
 North America, and her liberties. 
 
 "Resolved, Therefore, that the inhabitants of this city will join in 
 an association with the several counties of this province, and the 
 principal provinces of America, to put an immediate stop to all ex- 
 ports to Great Britain, and that, after a short day, hereafter to be 
 agreed on, there shall be no imports from Great Britain, till the said 
 act be repealed, and that such association be on oath. 
 
 "That it is the opinion of this meeting, that the gentlemen of the 
 law of this province bring no suit for the recovery of any debt due 
 from any inhabitant of this {irovince, to any inhabitant of Great 
 Britain, until the said act be repealed. 
 
 "That the inhabitants of this city will, and it is the opinion of this 
 meeting, that this province ought immediately to break ofi: all trade 
 and dealings with that colony or province, which shall refuse or de- 
 cline to come into similar resolutions with a majority of the colonies. 
 
 "That Messieurs John Hall, Charles Carroll. Thomas Johnson. Jun., 
 William Paca, Matthias Hammond, and Samuel Chase, be a commit- 
 tee for this city to join with 'those who shall be appointed for Balti- 
 more Town, and other parts of this province, to constitute one general 
 committee ; and that the gentlemen appointed for this city immediately 
 correspond with Baltimore Town, and other parts of this province, to 
 effect such association as will secure American liberty." 
 
 William Eddis writing to England three days after this meeting 
 said : "all America is in a flame ! I hear strange language every day. 
 The colonists are ripe for any measures that will tend to the preserva- 
 tion of what they call their natural liberty. I enclose you the re- 
 solves of our citizens ; they have caught the general contagion. 
 
 "Expresses are flying from province to province. It is the universal 
 opinion here, that the mother country cannot support a contention 
 with these settlements, if they abide strictly to the letter and spirit 
 of their associations."
 
 1QQ ''TheAnciext City.'' 
 
 Several citizens of influence having expressed the opinion, tha^ if 
 the sense of the people had been properly taken, it would not appear 
 that the whole of the proceedings of the meeting of the 2oth received 
 their approval, the friends of American liberty met the statement by 
 distril)uring hand-bills, earnestly requesting another general meeting 
 of citizens. The second meeting was held May 27th, when the pro- 
 ceedings of the 28th were fully approved. The opposition, nowever, 
 did not stop here. On Monday, May 30th, a protest, signed by one 
 hundred and thirty-five citizens, amongst whom were some of the best 
 names of the town and vicinity, made its appearance. 
 
 The protest was : 
 
 "To The Printers. 
 
 May :]Oth, 1774. 
 
 "A publication of the enclosed protest, supported by tlie names of a 
 considerable number of the inhabitants of the city of Annapolis, will, 
 it is presumed, furnish the most autlientic grounds for determining 
 the sense of the majority, on a question of the last importance. 
 
 "We, whose names are suljscribed, inhabitants of the city of Annapo- 
 lis, conceive it our clear right, and most incumbent duty, to express 
 our cordial and explicit disapprobation of a resolution which was car- 
 ried by forty-seven against thirty-one, at the meeting held on the 27th 
 instant. 
 
 "The resolution against which we protest, in the face of the world, 
 is the following : 
 
 " "That it is the opinion of this meeting, that the gentlemen of the 
 law of this province, bring no suit for the recovery of any debt due" 
 from any inhabitant of this province, to any inhabitant of Great 
 Britain until the said act be repealed.' — Disscnfienf.' 
 
 "First — Because we are impressed with a full conviction, that this 
 resolution is founded in treachery and rashness, inasmuch as it is big 
 with bankruptcy and ruin to those inhabitants of Great Britain, who, 
 relying with unlimited security on our good faith and integrity, have 
 made us masters of their fortunes, condemning them unheard, for not 
 having interposed their influence with parliament in favor of the town 
 of Boston, witliout duly weighing the force, with which that influence 
 would probably have operated ; or whether, in their conduct, they 
 were actuated by wisdom and .policy, or by corruption and avarice. 
 
 "Secondly— Because whilst the' inhabitants of Great Britain are 
 partially despoiled of every legal remedy to recover what is justly 
 due to them, no provision is made to prevent us from being harrassed 
 by the prosecution of internal suits, but our fortunes and persons are 
 left at the mercy of domestic creditors, without a possibility of extri- 
 cating ourselves, unless by a general convulsion, an event in the con- 
 templation of sober reason, replete with horror. 
 
 "Thirdly — Because our credit, as a commercial people, will exjnre 
 under the wound ; for what confidence can possibly be reposed in 
 those, who shall have exhibited the most avowed and most striking 
 proof that they are not bound by obligations as sacred as human in- 
 vention can suggest. 
 
 "Lloyd Dulany, Robert Kirkland, 
 
 William Cooke, William Ashton, 
 
 James Tilgliman, Robert Morrison, 
 
 Anthony Stewart, Charles Bryan,
 
 History of Annapolis, 
 
 167 
 
 William Steuart, 
 Charles Steuart. 
 David Steuart, 
 Jonathan Pinknev, 
 William Tuck, 
 Thomas Sparrow, 
 John Green, 
 James Brice, 
 George Gordon. 
 John Chalmers. 
 John Anderson. 
 John Unsworth. 
 James Taylor. 
 William Clayton. 
 George Ranken. 
 Robert Moor, 
 Jonathan Parker. 
 Brite Seleven. 
 John Varndel, 
 JoTin Annis. 
 Robert Ridge, 
 Robert Nixon, 
 Thomas Kirby, 
 Williams Edwards, 
 Robert Lambert. 
 William Eddis. 
 John Clapham, 
 Elie Vallette, 
 
 Robert Buchanan, 
 
 William Noke, 
 
 James Brooks, 
 
 Richard Marrow. 
 
 John Brown, 
 
 J<:hn Hepburn. 
 
 Colin Campbell, 
 
 Nathaniel Ross, 
 
 William Niven, 
 
 James Kingsbury, 
 
 James Barnes, 
 
 John Sands, 
 
 James Williams, 
 
 Joseph Williams, 
 
 John Howard, 
 
 William Munroe, 
 
 John D. Jaquet, 
 
 John Norris, 
 
 John Steele, 
 
 N. Maccubbin, Shoem., 
 
 Thomas Hammond, 
 
 Thomas Pipier, 
 
 Thomas Neal, 
 
 William Tonry, 
 
 James McKenzie, 
 
 Nicholas Minsky, 
 
 John Haragan, 
 Hugh Hendly, 
 Richard Thompson, 
 Reverdy Ghiselin, 
 Charles Marckel, 
 John Randall, 
 William StifE. 
 James Mitchell. 
 Charles Roberts, 
 Samuel Skingle, 
 Thomas StifE, 
 Henry Jackson. 
 William Devinith, 
 James Hackman. 
 Charles Barber, 
 John Evitts, 
 James Maw, 
 Jordan Steiger, 
 Joseph Richards, 
 Edward Owens, 
 Thomas Pryse, 
 J. Wilkinson. 
 Robert Key. 
 Lewis Jones, 
 
 William Willatt, 
 John King, 
 
 William Prew. 
 Thomas Towson, 
 
 William Howard, 
 
 John Donaldson, 
 
 Daniel Dulany, of Walter, 
 
 William Worthington, 
 
 Thomas B. Hodgkin, 
 
 AVilliam Wilkins. 
 
 Thomas French. 
 
 Joseph Selby, 
 
 William Gordon, 
 
 Thomas Hyde, 
 'John Maconochie, 
 
 Philip Thomas Lee, 
 
 John Ball, 
 
 Samuel Owens, 
 
 Samuel Ball. 
 
 Thomas Braithwaite, 
 
 James Murray, 
 
 Richard Mackubin, 
 
 Michael Wallace, 
 
 William Hyde, 
 
 Nathan Hannuond, 
 
 Peter Psalter, 
 
 Joseph Browning, 
 
 Thomas Hincks, 
 
 Lewis Neth, 
 
 Edward Dogan,
 
 168 "The Ancient City.'' 
 
 Martin Water, J. H. Anderson, 
 
 .John Warren. Richard Burt, 
 
 William Chambers, Henry Horsley, 
 
 James Clarke, Cornelius Penton. 
 
 Denton Jacques. Richard Addams, 
 
 Joseph Dowson, George Ranken, Sr. 
 
 Thomas Macken, Edward Wilniot, 
 
 Richard Burland, Robert Lang, 
 
 Daniel Dulany. of Dan., George XicholsuU, 
 
 R. Molleson. ' Benjamin Spriggs, 
 
 Robert Counden, John Horton, 
 
 William Alkman, Charles Wright. 
 
 George French, Constantine Bull, 
 
 John Parker, Amos Edraons, 
 
 Archibald Smith, Henry Sibell, 
 
 Thomas Bonner, Joslnia Cross, 
 
 Matthias Mae.l John Woolford. 
 
 Alex. McDona d, Samuel H. Howard, 
 
 David Crinnig, Oliver Weeden, 
 
 John Thimmis, Alex. Fiidater, 
 
 David Atchison, Con. McCarty, 
 
 James Maynard, Jonathan Simpson." 
 
 William Harrison, 
 A meeting of the committees appointed by the several counties of 
 t;ie province of Maryland, was held at the city of Annapolis, on the 
 23nd of June, 1774. There were present for Anne Arundel county 
 and the city of Annapolis, Charles Carroll, Esq., barrister, Messrs. B. 
 T. B. Worthington, Thomas Johnson, Jr., Samuel Chase. John Hall, 
 William Paca. Matthias Hammond. Samuel Chew, John Wecnis, 
 Thomas Dorsey, Rezin Hammond. 
 
 The letter and vote of the town of Boston, several letters and pai)ers 
 from Philadelphia and Virginia, the act of parliament for blocking up 
 the port and harbor of Boston, the bill depending in parliament sub- 
 versive of the charter of the Massachusetts Bay. and that enabling 
 the governor to send supposed offenders from thence t.' another colony 
 or England for trial, were read, — and, after mature deliberations 
 thereon, it was 
 
 ^'Resolvad, That the said act of parliament, and Inlls, if passed into- 
 acts, are cruel and oppressive invasions of the natural rights of the 
 people of Massachusetts Bay, as men, and of their constitutional rights 
 as English subjects : and that the said act, if not repealed, and the 
 said bills, if passed into acts, will lay a foundation for the utter de- 
 struction of British America, and, therefore, that the town of Boston 
 and the province of Massachusetts are now suffering in the common 
 cause of America. 
 
 "■Resolved, That it is the duty of every colony in America to unite- 
 in the most speedy and effectual means to obtain a repeal of the said- 
 act, and also of the said bills if passed into acts." 
 
 The third resolution was to the effect to stop all importations from 
 and exportations to Great Britain. 
 
 The fourth resolution asserted that this province will join in an as- 
 sociation with the principal and neighboring colonies to sto|t all ex- 
 portations to, and importations from, Great Britain, to go into effect 
 on some day agreed upon by the colonists.
 
 H I S T O R Y K A X N A P O L I S . l(jl> 
 
 The fifth resolution instructed the deputies from this province to 
 agree to any restrictions upon cxjiorts to the West Indies, deesned 
 necessary by the colonies in the g-eneral congress. 
 
 The sixth resolution authorized the deputies from this province to 
 admit and provide for the importation of particular articles from 
 Great Britain as are supposed to be indispensable. 
 
 The seventh resolution recommended to merchants and vendors of 
 goods not to take advantage of the resolve for non-importation. Init 
 to sell their goods at the rate sold within the year previoiis. 
 
 The eighth resolution provided for a subscription for the relief of 
 the inhalntants of Boston. 
 
 The ninth resolution expressed thanks to the friends of liberty in 
 Great Britain. 
 
 The tenth resolution appointed ]\latthe\v Tilghman. Thomas John- 
 son, Jr., Robert GoidsViorough. William Paca, and Samuel Chase, 
 Esq., deputies for this province .o attend a general congress, which 
 was recommended to be held on September 20th. 
 
 The eleventh resolution asserted that this province will break off 
 trade and dealings with that colony, province, or town, which shall 
 decliife the common plan which may lie adopted. 
 
 The twelfth resolution directed that copies of these resolutions be sent 
 to the Comnuttees of Correspondence, and be pul)lished in the Mary- 
 land Gazette. 
 
 The strong, loyal opposition to English measures, existing in An- 
 napolis which cropped out, at this period, has made the ancient city 
 renowned in American history. 
 
 The burning of the Peggy Srewart was one of tlie most remarkaV)lc 
 events of the Revolutionary period. 
 
 The valor of this extraoi'dinary conduct was heightened by the 
 ])i'esence of two local English officers, and a strong English senti- 
 ment. Mr. Eddis, the English Custom House officer, quaintly says : 
 "I attended the whole progress of the lousiness, and was active in my 
 exertions to prevent the extremities to which some frantic zealots 
 proceeded." 
 
 Mr. Eddis further declares that the owners did not Inirn their sliip 
 willingly, but were forced to destroy it by the citizens. 
 
 According to adjournment, the State Convention met on December 
 8th, and conthuied to the '2th. There were present 85 raembei-s. Mr. 
 John Hall in the chair, Mr. John Duckett, clerk. The proceedings 
 of the Continental Congress were unanimously approved, and it was 
 resolved that every person in the jirovince ought to carry into effect 
 the association agreed on by the Continental Congress, and the most 
 stringent measures were adopted to repress by force the invasion of 
 their rights. 
 
 It was now apparent that the dispute between the colonies and the 
 mother country would be settled by an appeal to arms. Annapolis 
 made ready for the conflict. In compliance with the i-econnnendation 
 of the deputies of the several counties of the province, at their con- 
 vention in June, that the gentlemen, freeholders, and other freemen 
 of this province, as are fron; sixteen to fifty years of age, form them- 
 selves into companies, and to select their officers, a • umber of the 
 citizens of Annapolis met on DecemVier 14th, and chose their officers 
 agreeably to the recommendation. The companies were composed of
 
 170 "The Ancient City.'' 
 
 all ranks of men in the city, gentlemen of the first fortunes being 
 common soldiers. After one company had been formed the patriotic 
 Gazdfe added : 
 
 "It is said tliat there are a sufficient number of citizens to form 
 another company wliich it is hoped will be immediately done." 
 
 \Miilst the people were ardent in their fidelity to the American 
 cause, yet such was their love of liberty and tlieir respect for personal 
 rights, "in February, 1775, Mr. Eddis is found urging through the 
 public press, the cause of peace, and ihe wisdom of retaining their 
 political affiliation with England. The times changed rapidly. In 
 July, of the same year, Mr. Eddis plaintively wrote : 
 
 '•Government is now almost totally anniliilated, and power trans- 
 terrod to the multitude. Speech is become dangerous ; .letters are in- 
 terce[ited : confidence betrayed ; and every measure evidently tends to 
 the most fatal extremities : the sword is drawn, and, without some 
 providential change of measures, tlie blood i;f thousands will lie shed 
 in this unnatural contest. " 
 
 Annapolis, at this time, had two military companies ; in every dis- 
 trict in the province the majority of the people were under ai;ms : 
 almost e\'ery hat was decorated witli a cockade : and tlie churlisli 
 drum and piping fife were the only music of the times. 
 
 At a meeting of the iihabitauts of Anne Arundel county and of the 
 city of Annaj)olis, ( those qualified to vote for representatives.) on 
 Wednesday, the innth day of November, 1774, it was 
 
 "Rewh'cd, That Thomas Dorsey, John Hood, Jr., Jolin Dorsey, 
 Philip Dorsey, John Burgess, Thomas Lappington, Ephraim Howard, 
 Caleb Dorsey, Richard Stringer, Keubin Merriweather, Charles War- 
 field, Edward Gaither, Jr., Greenl)ury Ridgely. Elijah Robinson, 
 Thomas Mayo, James Kelso, Benjamin Howard, Ely Dorsey, Sr., 
 Mark Brown Sappington, Brice T. B. Worthiugton, Charles Carroll, 
 barrister, John Hall, William Paca, Thomas Johnson, Jr., Matthias 
 Hammond, Samuel Chase, Charles Carroll, of CarroUton, Rezin Ham- 
 mond, Charles Wallace, Richard Tootell, Thomas Ilarwood, J-., John 
 Davidson, John Brice, John Weems, Samuel Chew, Thomas Sprigg. 
 Oirard Hopkins, Jr., Thomas Hall, Tliomas Harwood, West River, 
 Stephen Steward, Thomas Watkins, Tht)mas Belt, the third, Richard 
 •Green, and Stephen Watkins, be a committee to represent and act for 
 this C(juntyand city, to carry into execution the association agreed on 
 by the American Continental Congress, and that any seven have 
 power to act. 
 
 "Bcsulved, That Thomas Johnson, Jr., John Hail, William Paca, 
 Cliarles Carroll, of CarroUton, Matthias Hammond, Samuel Chase, 
 and Richard Tootell, be a committee of correspondence for this county 
 and city, and that any three have power to act. 
 
 "Resolved, That it is the sense of this meeting, that the gentlemen 
 appointed to represent the county and city, in the late provincial 
 convention, together with Charles Carroll, of CarroUton, ought to at- 
 tend the next provincial meeting on the 21st inst., and have full 
 power to represent this county and city." 
 
 ^ On Friday, the 14th day of October, 1774, the brig Peggrj Stewart, 
 Captain Jackson, arrived at Annapolis from London", '"having on 
 board seventeen packages containing 3,320 pounds of that detestable 
 weed"— the taxed tea. On hearing of its arrival, the Anne Arundel 
 county committee, which took cognizance of such matters, immediately
 
 History OF Annapolis. 171 
 
 convened. It was then three o'clock in the afternoon. The commit- 
 tee was informed that the brig had been regularly entered that morn- 
 ing, "and the duty on the tea paid to the collector by Mr. Autliony 
 Stewart, one of the owners of said brig." This was fuel to the flame 
 of indignation already kindled ; but, with the law-abiding spirit which 
 is a part of the Maryland character, they did not precipitate matters, 
 but let the questioii take an orderly solution. Four only of the com- 
 mittee were jjresent, and the remainder, residents of the county, were 
 inaccessible in this emergency. The committee, therefore, called a 
 meeting of the citizens of Annapolis, to be held at five o'clock the , 
 same aftternoon. As the Provincial Court was in session at Annapo- 
 lis at the time, a number of persons from Anne Arundel, Baltimore, 
 and other counties, who were in attendance on the court, joined the 
 citizens of Annapolis to answer the question, "What was to be done ?" 
 The assembly proceeded at once to business. The importers, the cap- 
 tain of the brig, and the de]3uty-col]ector of the ])ort were called be- 
 fore it and examined. Tlie consignees, Messrs. Thomas C. Wil- 
 liams & Co., sent the following letter, which was read : 
 "Friday Morning, 10 o'clock, 
 
 October 14, 1774. 
 
 "This is to inform you that the brig Pcgipj Stewart, Captain Jack- 
 son, is just arrived from London, and agreeable to our order of the 
 14th of May last, have got many goods on board for us, among which 
 are a few chests of tea. Although agreeable to our order, yet it's con- 
 trary to our expectation, as we was in great hopes the tea would not 
 have been shipped ; but as it have unluckily come to hand, and are 
 sensible the sale of it, at this time, will be disagreeable to our friends 
 and neighbors, we are, therefore, willing to leave to your determina- 
 tion what is to be done with the said tea, and will readily acquiesce 
 in any measures you may suggest, either in landing and storing it, 
 reshipping it to London, the West Indies, or otherwise.'' 
 
 From the captain of the brig and the deputy-collector, it was learn- 
 ed that the duty on the tea had not been paid. The question was 
 then put, "Shall the tea be landed in America?" It was unani- 
 mosly decided in the negative. A committee of twelve persons was 
 appointed to superintend the discharge of the brig's cargo, except the 
 tea, and the meeting adjourned to Wednesday, the 19th. 
 
 On the succeeding Monday a proposal was made to the consignees 
 by Charles Carroll, one of the committee, that they should destroy 
 the tea themselves, which he thought would satisfy the peojjle. The 
 •consignees readily agreed to this, offering to destroy the tea in any 
 way that was thought proper. But the matter had gone too far for 
 such a settlement to be satisfactory. They rejected the offer ; and in 
 the meantime handbills were industriously circulated through the 
 •county, notifying the people of the arrival of the tea, and, requesting 
 them to meet on the following Wednesday. The principal mover in 
 the affair, on the part of the patriots, appears to have been Mr. Mat- 
 thias Hammond, of whom the consignees complained afterward that 
 he made no mention in stxid bills "who gave the committee informa- 
 tion of the tea being arrived." This intimation that the consignees 
 themselves notified the committee of the arrival of the tea is sustained 
 by the date of their note of Friday "morning at ten o'clock," and by 
 the consenting witness of silence on the part of the committee, who
 
 1 72 " T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . ' ' 
 
 never denied the assertion. This was a doubtful omission by the com- 
 mittee, but it in no respect lessens the honor due the people of Anne 
 Arundel and Annapolis, who were kept in ignorance of the true facts, 
 and saw only in the Stewart and her cargo a defiant attempt to in- 
 fringe their most cherished rights. 
 
 By eight o'clock on tiie morning of Wednesday, Mr. Carroll re- 
 ceiveda letter from the consignees further explanatory of Ihearrivalof 
 the tea, which was read to "the committee on their meeting at ten 
 o'clock. The explanation was that the tea was shipped on an order of 
 the 14th of May previous. The consignees continued : "We, in 
 October, 1773, (as others did), imported tea, tliat being the first time 
 we ever imported any from Great Britain, and finding it to meet with 
 a ready sale and no objection to its importation, we also, with our 
 neighbors, ordered tea in our spring cargo, which arrived in April and 
 May last ; and then (there still being no objection to its importation) 
 we, on the 14tli of May. did also -)rder the tea now unfortunately ar- 
 rived in tiie Peggy Stewart We did not think till about the 
 
 beginning of July importation of tea would be stopt But soon 
 
 after August we was convinced that if the tea ordered was shipped it 
 would not be allowed to be landed or the duty paid ; and from ihat 
 time was determined, in case it should arrive to give it up immediately 
 to the disposal of the c immittee, to do with it what they thought pro- 
 per. This we told many people liefore the tea came, which, we be- 
 lieve, Mr. Thos. Harwood and Mr. Hodgsin well remember 
 
 On the arrival of tlie Peggy Stewart here with the tea. we immediately 
 made the connnittee acquainted therewith, and expressed our readi- 
 ness to abide by their determination with respect to it ; and on Mr. 
 Stewart's application to ns for money to pay duty on the same, we 
 absolutely refused it, or doing anything concerning it until the com- 
 mittee had resolved what should be done with it. And we further 
 declare tliat the vessel was entered at the custom-house and the duty 
 paid without our knowldge or consent." 
 
 The consignees exjiressed their willingness to give the utmost satisfac- 
 tion, and with a view to mollify tlie exasperated feelings of the people, 
 declared that they had had no intention to infringe "the resolutions- 
 entered into by the province of Maryland nor to import tea, nor were 
 they '"actuated by any sinistei motives either in favor of ministerial 
 power, court, court-party or otherwise." In a subsequent letter to^ 
 the public, the consignees stated that the committee expressed them- 
 selves satisfied with their conduct in the matter, except in regard to 
 the large quantity ordered. This statement was denied in public 
 print by Mr. John Duekelt. clerk to the committee. 
 
 The payment of the duty on tea. which had been done since the 
 meeting ^of Friday, was a matter the people could not lightly over- 
 look. The general indignation excited by this act caused Mr. Stewart 
 |P publish a card explanatory of his part in transaction. He said : 
 "When the brig arrived, the captain informed me she was very leaky, 
 and that the sooner she was unloaded the better. I told him to enter 
 liis vessel, but not the tea, which I found on inquiry of the collector 
 could not be done. Under these circumstances, the brig leaky and 
 fifty three souls on board, where they had been near three months, I 
 thought my self [bound,] both in humanity and prudence, to enter 
 the vessel and leave tlie destination of the tea to the committee. The 
 impropriety of securing the duty did not then occur to me : neither
 
 History of Annapolis. 173 
 
 <lid 1 know the tea would be suffered to be lodged as a security for the 
 paytneiit. I had nothing in view but to save the vessel from a seizure, 
 and of having an opportunity of releasing the passengers from a long 
 and disagreeable confinement." Captain .Tackson added to this card 
 an affidavit in which he stated that the tea had been put on board the 
 brig iu London without his knowledge. Neither card nor affidavit, 
 which had been published in handbill form two days previous to the 
 Wednesday meeting, calmed the popular indignation. 
 
 Where the committee's action ended and the people's began, it is 
 difficult to determine, owing to no definite distinction being made as 
 to the respective parts played by each in this curious drama ; but it 
 appears that the committee privately heard the letter of the Messrs. 
 Wilhams read, then took action uj)on it, and adjourned to the public 
 meeting where the proceedings following were enacted before a large 
 assembly of people. The first was th<"' reading of the annexed letter 
 signed by Anthony Stewart, Joseph and James Williams, in which it 
 will be seen sentiments were expressed liy these gentlemen very dif- 
 ferent from what they had previously given out. Mr. Stewart and 
 the Messrs. Williams read their recantation. It ran : "We, James 
 Williams, Joseph Williams, and Anthony Stewart, do severally ac- 
 knowledge that we have committed a most daring insult and act of 
 the most pernicious tendency to the liberties of America ; we, the 
 said Williams, in importing the tea, and said Stewart in paying the 
 duty thereon ; and thereby deservedly incurred the displeasure of the 
 pleople now convened, and all others interested in the preservation of 
 the constitutional rights and liberties oi North America, do ask pardon 
 for the same ; and we solemnly declare for the future, that we never 
 will infringe any resolution formed by the people for the salvation of 
 their rights, nor will we do any act that may be injurious to the 
 liberties of the people ; and to show our desire of living in amity with 
 the friends to America, we do request this meeting, or as many choose 
 to attend, to be present at any place where the people shall appoint, 
 and we will there commit to the flames or otlierwise destroy as the 
 people may choose, the detestable article which has been the cause 
 ■of this our misconduct." 
 
 The Williamses smarted under this compulsory self-condemnation, 
 and, in the issue of the Gazette, of Annapolis, of the 17th of October, 
 justly and bitterly complained of this card as "a most ungenerous 
 piece," which "was drawn up by Matthias Hammond, wherein not- 
 withstanding our candid behaviour, we are most cruelly made liable 
 to the same degree of censure as Mr. Stewart who paid the duty ; 
 which piece was afterward produced, and we were called upon to read 
 and acknowledge in the midst of an incensed people, wholly unacquain- 
 ted with our conduct in the affair." 
 
 The indignation of the people was centered chiefly upon Mr. 
 Stewart, for what they considered his cheerful compliance with the 
 act of Parliament taxing the tea ; and some were very much "disposed 
 to present him with a suit of tar and feathers." A diversity of senti- 
 ment sprung up as to what ought to be done. Some contended 
 that the offer to destroy the tea was sufficient reparation ; others 
 favored the destruction of the vessel that had brought "the 
 •detestable weed" to American shores. A division took place 
 on the question. "Whether the vessel should, or should, not be 
 destroyed?" It was carried in the negative by a large majority.
 
 174 ' ' T H E A N c I E N T City." 
 
 The citizens of Annapolis generally were averse to using violence ; 
 but the minority, mainly persons from a distance, some of great in- 
 fluence in their respective neighborhoods, avowed their determination 
 to collect a l)ody of men to accomplish the destruction of the Stewart. 
 At this juncture, under the advice of Charles Carroll, of CarroUton, 
 Mr. Stewart offered "to destroy the vessel with his own hands." The 
 proposal was gladly accepted. The people assembled in crowds at 
 the water-side to witness the conflagration. Mr. Stewart and the 
 Messrs. Williams the former accompanied by several gentlemen to 
 protect him from personal violence, repaired to the brig. Her sails 
 were set, and. with her colors flying, she was run aground on the 
 shore between the Gas-House and the northwestern wall of the Xaval 
 Academy. It was brought up to this point that Mrs. Stewart, the 
 invalid wife of the owner of the vessel could see the conflagration, 
 from the window of her residence, the house on Hanover street, now 
 occupied by Mr. Charles S. Welch. Mr. Stewart applied the match 
 to the vessel, and, as an offering and atonement to the offended peo- 
 ple and an open defiance to the Crown, the Peggy Steivarf and the 
 obnoxious tea-chests were, in a few hours, reduced to ashes. 
 
 The adjourned meeting of provincial deputies, chosen by several of 
 the counties in Maryland, was held at the city of Annapolis, Nov. 31, 
 1774, and continued by adjournment to Friday, the 3oth day of the 
 same month at which fifty-seven deputies were present. 
 
 Mathew Tilghman was chosen chairman and .John Duckett, clerk. 
 
 The delegates appointed to represent the province at the late conti - 
 nental congress, laid the proceedings of the congress before the meet- 
 ing which being read and considered, were unanimously approved of. 
 
 Not only in words and sounds of war did the inhabitants of Anne 
 Arundel show their intention to defend their rights, but when oppor- 
 tunity offered they put in practice the faith that was hi them. 
 
 July 18th, 1775, "the ship Totnexs, captain Harding, belonging to 
 Mr. Gildard, of Liverpool, having on board a cargo of salt and dry 
 goods, in coming up the bay, ran aground near the three Islands at 
 the mouth of West river ; upon this the committee immediately met, 
 and after consideration, determined she should proceed on to Balti- 
 more, her intended port, but before she could get off, highly resenting 
 so daring an infringement of the continental association, a number of 
 people met, went on board, and set her on fire." 
 
 There were opponents of these proceedings even among those who 
 espoused the patriot cause. They had condemned the burning of the 
 Peggy Stewart and also this, "the second burnt-offering to' liberty 
 within this province. ' ' But revolutions are not handicapped by a mi- 
 nority of dissenting voices. 
 
 Early on the morning of Wednesday, September 37th, Annapolis 
 was alarmed by the beating of drums, and a proclamation for the in- 
 habitants to assemble at the Liberty Tree. The object of the meeting 
 was to secure the passage of the resolution: "That all persons who 
 had refused to sign the association, and comply ^vith the other requi- 
 sitions should be obliged to quit the city, as enemies to the essential in- 
 terests of America." This was in opposition to the proceedings of 
 the convention, and the resolution was easily defeated. A report, 
 about this time, that a British ship of war was to be ordered to the 
 port of Annapolis, caused many families to quit the city, and others 
 to talk of removing. At a meeting of the citizens, it was unani-
 
 History OF Annapolis. 175* 
 
 moiisly resolved : "If a vessel, belonging to his Majesty, should be 
 stationed in our harbor to supply the same with every necessary, at a 
 reasonal)le price, and cautiously to avoid any cause of contention 
 with the officers or the crew." An address was also prepared to be 
 delivered to the Governor, expressing the same pacific sentiments 
 and asking him to convey the same to the commander of any ship 
 that may be ordered on this duty. 
 
 Private correspondence, in the latter part of 1775, began to be ex- 
 amined by the provincial authorities, for here in Annapolis was set up 
 the novelty of a dual government — the King's officers on the one 
 hand, and the local and general committees of public safety on the 
 other — living harmoniously together, but so far as the King's repre- 
 sentatives were concerned very much like the fox when invited to the 
 stork's supper. 
 
 Annapolis became daily more and more deserted ; some families 
 leaving because of apprehensions of a bombardment ; others on ac- 
 count of the distressing times, bad markets, and d general scarcity of 
 money ; even tradesmen and mechanics quitted their habitations, and 
 retired from the vicinity of navigable waters. Agriculture was neg- 
 lected, the voice of peaceful industry was hushed, and military science 
 became the universal study of the hour. 
 
 At a meeting of the deputies from the counties of Maryland, at 
 Annapolis, on May 24, 1775, there were present 100 meu.bers. The 
 Hon. Matthias Tilghman being in the chair, and Gabriel Duvall, clerk, 
 the following resolutions were adopted : 
 
 "Resolved, That we acknowledge King George the third, as our 
 lawful sovereign. 
 
 "Resolved, That all exportation to the provinces in British posses- 
 sion be prohibited imtil further orders from the Continental Con- 
 gress. 
 
 "Resolved, That the formation of militia be continued, and sub- 
 scription for the same be levied by the several counties. ' ' 
 
 Loyalty to the King, legions for the people, voted in the same 
 breath ! 
 
 A meeting of the committee of observation for Anne Arundel 
 county and city of Annapolis, was held on the 14th day of June, 1775, 
 in Annapolis, Mr. Charles Wallace, chairman. Its proceedings show 
 how vigilant the people were to maintain inviolate the regulations 
 adopted for their defence. 
 
 A charge having been made on oath, that Thomas Chipchase, of the 
 city, butcher, on the 23d day of May last, had killed several lambs, 
 he was ordered to attend. He appeared, and confessed the fact, al- 
 leging, in excuse, that he understood that there was no absolute pro- 
 hibition by the continental congress, and that the scarcity of provi- 
 sions at that time would plead for him, and what he did was from a 
 a desire of supplying the many strangers in town. But as he had 
 since been informed that such procedure was contrary to a resolve of 
 the provincial convention, he would take care to offend in that man- 
 ner no more, and hoped the committee would forgive him. The sense 
 of the committee being taken on the above, they declared it a breach 
 of the resolve of the provincial convention, respecting the killing of 
 lambs ; but, all circumstances considered, they were of opinion he 
 ought to be forgiven.
 
 176 ''The Ancient City.'' 
 
 It will still further be seen by the following, as well as by other in- 
 stances quoted, that the committee of observation of Anne Arundel 
 .county and the city of Annapolis, was no idle form, but it was vigi- 
 lant in searching- out offences, and inexorable in their punish- 
 
 On'the 28tli day of June, Capt. Charles Plenzell, ('f the ship Ad- 
 venture, informed the committee of his arrival willi goods on board, 
 cleared for Maryland, his cargo consisting of two hundred dozen por- 
 ter, one hundred pipes in packs. 3,000 weight of cheese, and forty- 
 two chaldron of coals, Winchester mec.sure — also al)out seventy pas- 
 sengers, including servants. The captain testified on oath that unfav- 
 orable winds prevented landing at Madeira, where he intended to sell 
 liis goods. The committee refused to allow him to land his goods, 
 l)ut gave him permission to land his passengers. Those of the 
 committee who were present, were Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, 
 Matthias Ilaiinnond, -John Bullen, Charles Wallace, .John Allen Quinn, 
 John Brice, and Dr. Richard Fostell — Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, 
 nresiding, and G. Duvall, Clerk. 
 
 At a convention of the people of Maryland, July 26, 1775, at An- 
 napolis, a temporary form of government was established, which en- 
 dured until the constitution of IS.")! was adopted. While other States 
 had acted by the advice of Congress in establishing similar forms of gov- 
 ernment, Maryland moved solely by its own volition. Charles Carroll, 
 of Carrollton, and Charles Carroll, barrister, were members of the 
 ^Committee of Safety under its first organization, from Annapolis. 
 
 At a meeting of a number of tiie inhabitants of Anne Arundel 
 county and city of Annapolis, at said city, on Sept. 12. 1775 ; 
 
 Present, eight members of the late Convention : 
 
 Charles Carroll, barrister, in the chair, Gabriel Duvall, (derk, it was 
 
 "Resolved, That Samuel Chase, Thomas Johnson, John Hall, Wil- 
 liam Paca, B. T. B. Worthington, Matthias Hammond. Charles Car- 
 roll, barrister, Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, Capt. William Hyde, 
 Rezin Hammon, John BuUen, Capt. Richard Fostell, John Weems, 
 Joseph Galloway, Stephen Stewart, John Thomas, Thorn. Tillard. 
 Marmaduke Wyvill, Thomas Watkin's, son, Thomas Dorsey, John 
 Dorsey, son of Michael, Edward Gaither, Jun., Caleb Dorsey, Rich- 
 ard Stringer, Dr. Chas. Alexander Warfield, John Burgeiis, John 
 Davis, Benjamin Howard, Elijah Robinson, and Thomas Hammond, 
 or any seven or more of them be, and they are here by appointed a 
 committee of observation for this county for a term of one year. 
 
 "Resolved, That Charles Carroll, barrister, Thomas Johnson, Jun., 
 Samuel Chase, William Paca and Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, Esq., 
 or any three or more of them, be delegates to represent this county 
 in convention for the said term of one year." 
 
 In committee, Annapolis, Wednesday, 13th of September it was 
 
 "Resolved, That Charles Carroll, of Carrollten, Brice T. B. Worth- 
 ington, Capt. William Hyde, Matthias Hammond, Dr. Richard Fos- 
 tell, John BuUen, and John Thomas, be a committee to license suits 
 in this connty during the term of one year. 
 
 "Resolved, That Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. B. T. B. Worth- 
 ington, Capt. William Hyde, Matthias Hammond, and Dr. Richard 
 Fostell be a committee of correspondence for this county for the said 
 j^erm of one year.
 
 History of Annapolis. 177 
 
 "That tlie pavliaiiieutaiy post l)e prohibited, and that tliis roso- 
 luiiou be strictly enforced by the several committees of observation. 
 
 ''That no vessel leave this province witliout a license from this con- 
 vention, neither shall any skipper carry any person, or letter, without 
 giving previous notice, though this does not apply to vessels going up 
 the Potomac, or the passage of the Pocomoke ferry." 
 
 On December 28, im evidence of the zeal of the convention, was 
 given by the publication by their order of a well established process 
 for making crude nitre . 
 
 On January 21st, 1776, the Council of Safety, "Resolved, That 
 Messrs. Lancelot .Tacques, Charles Wallace, William Hyde, Allen 
 Quynn, James Brice, William Whetcroft, and Beriah Marybury, or 
 any three of them, be requested to make a chart of the land and 
 water at the mouths of this river, specifying the width and depth of 
 the channel between Horn Point and (rreenbury's Point, and some dis- 
 tance without and witliin the same." 
 
 This chart, returned on the 16th of iMarch following, has been lost. 
 The convention of ^Maryland appropriated £5,900 to fortify Annapo- 
 lis. The Council of Safety desired a larger sum, suggesting that, 
 with an increased appropriation, batteries might be erected on Greens- 
 bury's and Wind Mill Points, and other places, between those loca- 
 tions and Annapolis, that would prevent men of war from apprach- 
 ing Annapolis. The council was thereupon given leave to draw on 
 the treasury for whatever sums it might deem necessary to com- 
 plete the fortifications and to build a number of "row-gallies or gon- 
 dolas." 
 
 Fortifications were erected on Horn Point, Beaman's Hill, and 
 Wind Mill Point, besides several breast works were thrown up at other 
 places. They were finished with great celerity, under the direction 
 of Messrs. James Brice, John Bullen, Charles Wallace, William Wil- 
 kin s, Beriah Marybury, John Brice, John Campbell, Joshua Frazier 
 and Allen Quynn. 
 
 Whilst these preparations were made to receive the expected men- 
 of-war, the ]niblic mind, Ijy dwelling upon the subject, became un- 
 usually alert to credit alarming reports. On the fifth of March, 
 about eight in the evening, information was received, that a ship of 
 war was on her passage up the bay, and no distance from the city. 
 
 "The consternation," says Mr. Eddis, who was present, "occasioned 
 be this information, exceeds description. Tne night was tempestuous ; 
 extremely dark ; and the rain descended in torrents ; notwithstanding 
 which, many persons began to remove their effects ; and the streets 
 were quickly crowded with carriages, laden with furniture and prop- 
 erty of various kinds. A little reflection must have made it evident, 
 that, without violent provocation, hostilities would not have com- 
 menced : and, at all events, that timely notice would have been given, 
 previous to any Ijombardment. . It ought to have been considered, 
 that a governor, acting under the authority of Great Britain, was resi- 
 dent in the town, and, apparently, exercising the powers withwhicli he 
 was invested. Xo complaint had been transmitted, on his ])art, rela- 
 tive to the treatment experienced by him, and the adherents of the ad- 
 ministration. His prudent and consistent conduct had greatly tended 
 ^to prevent personal outrages, and under such circumstances, it was 
 12
 
 178 ''The Ancient City." 
 
 manifest, that no commander in his Majesty's service, conld liave" 
 formed tlic most distant idea of j^roceeding to extremities, without 
 communicating his intentions to the supreme magistrate, .^•h() was un- 
 doubtedly a valuable pledge in the hands of the people, to secure 
 themselves and property from immediate violence. 
 
 "But as reason seldom operates under instantaneous imfiressions, 
 the Governor resolved to pursue every eligible method that might ef- 
 fectually remove the apprehensions so universally entertained. Ac- 
 tuated by such motives, he made i.nmediate application to the Coun- 
 cil of Safety, and, in order to dissipate the general anxiety, proposed 
 sending a flag of truce on board his Majesty's ship, the instant she 
 made her appearance, or came to an anchor off the harbor. An offer, 
 so evidently tending to preserve the public tranquility, was accepted 
 with everysuitable acknowledment ; and, on the seventh instant, a 
 ship of war, accompanied by a tender, passed by Annajjolis, I had the 
 lionour to be deputed to perform this service : on which occasion J 
 thought it necetsary, in order to obviate any misrepresentation, to- 
 transcribe ; as follows, the substance of my negotiation, for tlie in- 
 spectation of the Govei'nor. the Council of Safety, and the Committee 
 of Observation. 
 
 Friday, March 8tli. 
 
 "By order of his Excellency the Governor, and, with the approba- 
 tion of the president of the Council of Safety, I repaired yesterday 
 on board his Majesty's sloop, the Otter, commanded l)y Ca})tain 
 Squire, then lying at anchor in Chesapeake Bay, between MagotJiy 
 River and the Bodkin ; and delivered to him a letter from the Gov- 
 ernor, to which a satisfactory answer was reti-irned. and immediately 
 made known, for the general inf or, nation of the citizens of AnnaiHj- 
 lis." 
 
 Whilst one part of tile people were alarmed at the approach of the 
 man-of-war, which proved to lie the sloop of war Otter. Capt. Squire, 
 and two tenders, the necessary disposition of troops was made to re- 
 ceive the enemy in case he thought proper to land, and expresses W(>re 
 dispatched to Baltimore and other paits of the province to communi- 
 cate the presence of the foe. The Otter continued up Magothy River 
 where she took a ship loaded with wheat and flour, and several other 
 prizes. These, whilst in charge of the Otter's tenders, were subse- 
 quently recaptured by the. Defence, Capt. Nicholson, the Otter stand- 
 ing by and not offering assistance to her consorts. 
 
 Mr. Eddis gives a clear insight into the inner life of Annapolis at 
 this interesting period. May 20, 1776, he wrote to England from An- 
 napolis ; 
 _ "In consequence of residing with the governor, I expected an exemp- 
 tion from any penalties inflicted on pei-sons, who had refused to asso- 
 ciate or enrol. But in this idea I was very materially mistaken. The 
 committee of observation will not consider me as a member of his ex- 
 cellency's household ; alleging in support of their opinion, that I hold 
 offices immediately dependent on the province. These are not times 
 to dispute nice points. I have therefore paid ten pounds for my fine, 
 and have taken a receipt for the same. My arms have likewise been 
 demanded. I am, however, happy to inform you, that I have con- 
 stantly been treated with kind attention, even by political opponents. 
 It is my endeavour to regulate my conduct with propriety ; carefully"
 
 H I S T O R Y O F A N N A P L 1 S . 1 7!> 
 
 avoiding mixed company : taking; heed that 'I offend not with my 
 tongne ;" and not ]ierniitting my pen to expatiate on the tendency of 
 public transactions. I intrust this to the care of a friend, V)0un(l to 
 ijisbon ; may it safely reach you !" 
 
 The Council of Safety, fearing that the large number of slaughtor- 
 liouscs then in Annapolis, would engender disease, adopted on July 
 22d, the following : 
 
 " WhereoH, it hath been represented to the Council of Safety liy 
 jihysicians and others, that the intolerable stench arising fmm slaugh- 
 ter-houses and spreading hides to dry in the city of Annapolis, may 
 be productive of pestilential disorders and ill consequences to the 
 troops and others residing in the said city : Therefore, ordered, that 
 no butcher or other person shall, after the 36th of this instant, presume 
 to slaughter bullocks, mutton, or any kind of meat, or put up green 
 hides to cure within the limits of said city for and during the terras 
 of three months, thence next ensuing." 
 
 On the 18th of December, sevei'al of the citizens of Annapolis hav- 
 ing received letters demanding their immediate departure from 1;he 
 city, and the Council of Safety being informed thereof, expressed its 
 sense of the illegality of such a measure, by the following proceedings : 
 "/// Coivicil of Safety, December 19, 1776. 
 
 "We are called upon by the duty of our station to take notice of 
 the powers assumed by some jiersons yesterday evening in ordering 
 divers of thejnhabitants of the city of Annapolis into banishnient, 
 without any cause assigned, by cards transmitted them. We are of 
 opinion such cards ai'e contrary to our association, flying in the face 
 of the resolves of congress and convention, and against the letter and 
 spirit of our declaration of rights. The peace of the State ought 
 and must be preserved, and all offenders brought before the proper 
 judicatures for trial. Therefore we earnestly recommend to all asso- 
 ciators and other well disposed persons to discourage such extra ju- 
 dicial and disorderly proceedings, tending in their consequences to 
 jirejudice the common cause, and to the destruction of order and regu- 
 lar government." 
 
 On the 23d of the same month, the Council of Safety transacted 
 the following : 
 
 " Wheiras, we have received information that on Wednesday. ISth 
 day of this instant, (December) in the evening, cards were delivered 
 to sundry persons in the city of Annapolis, to the following effect : 
 
 •' 'You are hereby ordered to depart this city tomorrow, !* o'clock. 
 
 Signed. J, Wehms. 
 
 " 'In behalf of Anne Arundel county :' " 
 
 "Which cards we are informed were delivered by Stephen Stewart, 
 Junior, the Council of Safety having taken the same into considera- 
 tion, ai-e of opinion that such cards are conti'ary to the resolves of 
 congress and convention, and against the 21st section of the declara- 
 tion of rights, which asserts 
 
 "That no freeman ought to be taken or imprisoned, or deprived of 
 his freehold, liberties, or privileges, or outlawed, or exiled, or in any 
 manner destroyed, or deprived of his life, liberty or property, but by 
 the judgment of his peers or by the law of the land," 
 
 "Ordered, therefore, that the said John Weems and Stephen Stew- 
 art, Junior, attend the Council of Safety on the thirtieth day of De-
 
 180 ' 'The Ancient City. ' ' 
 
 cember, to shew liy what autliovity the said cards were so made out 
 and delivered." 
 
 On the 30th of December, Colonel John Weems and Stejihen btew- 
 art. Junior, accordingly appeared before the Council of Safety, and 
 acknowledged that they had been active in making out and delivering 
 the ('ards mentioned in' the order of the board, and having promised 
 that they would not iuteruieddle in the same manner again, but would 
 leave all persons to be dealt with according to the law of the land, 
 they were dismissed by the council, m condition that they ])ay the 
 messenger his fees. 
 
 Annapolis, the centre of State Government, felt every throb of the 
 revi)!iition. Here most of the political movements and martial 
 preparations in the State had their initiative. Its people were strained 
 to the utmost tension of excitement and were sullen and inimical to 
 those who did not share their jnitriotic sentiments though always 
 keeping within those bounds that courage ami principle outline for 
 the conduct of brave men against an enemy in their power. 
 
 On July 6, 1776, the Maryland Convention then in session at An- 
 napolis issued the following : 
 
 AxNAPOi.is, Ju/jj 0th, 1776. 
 
 •'A Declaration of tlie Delegates of Maryland. 
 
 "To be exempt from parliamentary taxation, and to regulate their 
 internal government and polity, the peo])le of this colony have ever 
 considered as their inherent and unalienable right ; without the 
 former, they can have no property ; without the latter, no security 
 for their lives or liberties. 
 
 •'The parliament of Great Britian has of late claimed an uncon- 
 trollable right of binding these colonies in all cases whatsoever, to 
 force an unconditional submission to this claim the legislative and 
 executive powers of that state have invariably pursued, lor these ten 
 years past, a studied system of oppression, by ])assing many impolitic, 
 severe, ard cruel acts for raising a revenue from the colonists, by de- 
 priving them in many cases of trial by jury, by altering the chartered 
 constitution of one colony, and the entire stoj)page of the trade of its 
 capital, by cutting off all intercourse between the colonies, by restrain- 
 ing them from fishing on their own coasts, by extending the limits of, 
 and erecting, an arbitrary government in the province of Quebec, by 
 confiscating the property of the colonists taken on the seas, and com- 
 pelling the crews of their vessels, under the pain of death, to act 
 against their native country and dearest friends, by declaring all 
 seizures, detention, or destruction of the persons, or property of the 
 colonists, to be legal and just. 
 
 '•A war, unjustly commenced, hath been prosecuted against the 
 united colonies with cruelty, outrageous violence, and perfidy : slaves, 
 savages, and foreign mercenaries have been meanlv hired to rob a peo- 
 ple of their property, liberty, and lives : a people" guiltv of no other 
 cnme than deeming the last of no estimation without the secure 
 enjoyment of the former. Their humble and dutiful petitions for 
 peace, liberty, and safety have been rejected with scorn ; secure of, 
 and relying on, foreign aid, not on his national forces, the unrelent- 
 ing monarch of Britian hath, at length, avowed by his answer lo the 
 city of London, his determined and inexorable resolution of reducing 
 these colonies to abject slavery.
 
 H I S T R Y F A X N A P L 1 S . 181 
 
 "CoiiipclkHl by dire necessity, eitlier to surrender our ])ro]ierties, 
 liberties, and lives, into the hands of a British king and parliament, 
 or to use such means as will most probably secure to us and oui' pos- 
 terity those invaluable blessings. 
 
 "We, tlie delegates of Maryland, in convention assembled, do de- 
 clare, that tlie king of G-reat Britian has violated his compact vvith 
 this people, and that they owe no allegiance to him. We have, there- 
 fore thought it just and necessary to empower our deputies in congress 
 to join with a majority of the united colonies in declaring them free 
 and independent States, in framing such other confederacy between 
 them, in making foreign alliances, and in adopting such other meas- 
 ures as shall be judged necessary for the preservation of their lil)cr- 
 ties ; provided the sole and exclusive right of regulating the internal 
 polity and government of this colony be reserved to the people thereof . 
 We have also thought proper to call a new convention, for the pur- 
 pose of establishing a government in this colony. No ambitious views, 
 no desire of independence, induce the people of Maryland to form an 
 union with the other colonies. To procure an exemption from parli,^- 
 nientary taxation and to continue to the legislatures of these colonies 
 the sole and exclusive right of regulating their internal polity, was 
 our original and only motive. 
 
 "To maintain inviolate our liberties, and to transmit them unim- 
 paired to posterity, was our duty and first wish ; our next, to con- 
 tinue connected with, and dependent on Great Britain. For the 
 truth of these assertions, we appeal to that Almighty Being who is 
 emphatically styled the searcher of hearts, and from whose onniis- 
 ciencc nothing is concealed. Kelying on his divine protection and as- 
 sistance, and trusting to the justice of our cause, we exhort and con- 
 jure every virtuous citizen to join cordially in defence of our common 
 rights, and hi maintenance of the freedom of this and her sister col- 
 onies.'"* 
 
 At a meeting of the associators of the city of Annapolis, on Thurs- 
 day, the 11th of July, 177G, William Roberts, Esq., Chairman, and 
 Jno. Duckett, Clerk, it was 
 
 "1st Resolved, That it is the duty of every inhabitant of the city 
 of Annapolis, and all persons having property therein, to contribute 
 every assistance in their power foi- the protection and defence of the 
 city and the inhabitants thereof, and that Mr. James Brice, Mr. John 
 Bullen, jMr. Charles Wallace, Mv. William Wilkins. Mr. Beriah May- 
 bury, Mr. John Brice and Mr. John Campbell, or a majority of them, 
 or of any three or more of them, be a committee to act on behalf of 
 the inhabitants of this city, and that they wait on the Council of 
 Safety, and inform them that the inhabitants will afford every assis- 
 tance in their power for putting the city into the best posture of de- 
 fence ; and that the inhabitants will, in person, or by others employed 
 at their expense, labour on any intrenchments or works, which the 
 council shall think necessary. 
 
 "2d. Resolved. That the said committee be empowered to call on 
 every person, having property tlierein, to labor in person, ortofurnis-h 
 some person to labor in his stead, at such time and place as the com- 
 mittee shall think proper, on the works as may be ordered liy the 
 Council of Safety, to be erected for the defence of the city. 
 
 * Annals ol Annapolis, p. 177.
 
 182 ''TheAxcientCity.'' 
 
 ••;kl. Resiolved, That the said committee be authorized to execute 
 all matters wliifh may be recommended hj the Council of Safety, for 
 the defence of the city, or for keeping the peace and good order 
 therein. 
 
 '•4th. Eesolved, That no member of this meeting will, and that it 
 is the opinion of meeting that no inhabitant of the city of Annapolis 
 ought, to buy from or employ, any merchant, tradesman, or any other 
 person who hath not subscribed the association. 
 
 "oth. llesolved. That application bt made by the committee to the 
 Council of Safety not to employ in the public service any non-associa- 
 tor. and that they lie requested to give a preference to such tradesmen 
 and others have manifested their attachment and zeal to the liberties 
 of America. 
 
 ''Ordered, That copies of the above resolutions be transmitted by 
 the chairman to the associators of Baltimore town for their opinion 
 and concurrence. 
 
 '•Ordered, That the names of the non-associators in tliis city lie 
 published and distributed among the inhabitants. 
 
 "Resolved, That this meeting be adjourned to the 10th day of Au- 
 gust next, and that the committee have power to call a meeting at 
 any time Ijefore, if they shall think pro;;er. 
 ••True copy of the proceedings, 
 
 'Test: — Jxo. Duckett, Clerk. "t 
 
 July 10th, six companies of the first battalion of Maryland troops, 
 stationed at Annapolis, and commanded by Col. Wm. Smallwood, em- 
 barked for the head of Elk in high spirits," and three companies of the 
 same battalion, stationed in Baltimore town, eml)arked the same day 
 for the same place, from thence they were to proceed to Pliila- 
 delphia. 
 
 [1777.] In the latter par^ of June. 177(), Gov. Eden left Annapo- 
 lis : but Mr. Eddis and another English officer continued to discharge 
 their duties to May 30th. 1777, eleven months after tlie Declaration 
 of Independence, wlieu they were given a most "ample and honora- 
 ble discharge from that employment.'" June 7th, Mr. Eddis took 
 leave with a distressed mind of a few faithful friends in Annapolis, 
 and set sail for England. 
 
 March 5th, 31artha, wife of George Washington, passed through 
 Annapolis, on her way northward. 
 
 On Friday. March '21st, 1777, Thomas Johnson, the first republican 
 governor oi Maryland, was jiroclaimed the executive of the State at 
 the State Ikjusc. in the presence of a great concourse of people "all of 
 whom expressed the highest pleasure '"in the proceedings." 
 
 The procession began at the assembly house, and proceeded in rlie 
 following order, to wit : 
 
 High Sheriff. 
 
 The Hon. the President of the Senate. 
 
 Senators. 
 
 Governor. 
 
 Council. 
 
 Sergeant at Arms with the Mace. 
 
 The Hon. the Speaker of the House of Delegates. 
 
 Delegates. 
 
 t Aniiais orAnniij.olifi, p. iso.
 
 H I S T O 14 Y OF A N N A P O I, I y . 183 
 
 Mayor of the city and Recorder. 
 Aldermen. 
 Cominoii Courieil. 
 Military Officers, 
 (rentleraeu Strangers. 
 Citizens. 
 Silence being conuuauded, the high sheriff then proclaimed the 
 •goveriior. 
 
 On the signal three vcllies of small-arms from the soldiers, who 
 were paraded in front of the State house, and thirteen cannons were 
 fired. 
 
 The procession tiien returned as follows : 
 
 High Sheriff. 
 
 His Excellency the Governor. 
 
 The Council. 
 
 The Hon. the President of the Senate. 
 
 Senators. 
 The Sergeant at Arms with his Mace. 
 The Hon. the Speaker of the House of Delegates. 
 Delegates. 
 [Mayor and Recorder of tiie city. 
 Aldermen. 
 Common Council. 
 Military Officers- 
 Gentlemen Strangers. 
 Citizens, 
 and rt i)aired to tlie collee-house, where an entertaimnent was pro- 
 vided, the field officers of the army and strangers thei. in town lieing 
 iill i)resent. 
 
 After dinner the following toasts were drank : 
 
 1. Pei-petual union and friendship between the States of A7nerica. 
 
 '2. The freedom and independency of the American States. 
 
 ii. Prosperity to Maryland. 
 
 4. The Congress. 
 
 r>. General Washington and the American army. 
 
 n. The American navy. 
 
 7. The arts and sciences. 
 
 8. Agriculture. 
 
 0. Trade and navigation. 
 
 10. The friends of liberty throughout the woild. 
 
 11. The memory of the brave patriots who have fallen in tin; cause 
 of America. 
 
 13. General Lee and our other friends in captivity, 
 i;]. Wisdom and unaniuiity in the councils of America, and un- 
 daunted courage in her forces to execute her measures. 
 
 The whole concluded with an elegant ball in the evening. 
 
 A matross, belonging to one of the companies stationed liere, getting 
 in the smoke before one of the cannons, just as it was fired, unluippily 
 lost his life. 
 
 About 9 A. M., on Thursday, the 21st of August, a considerable 
 number of British men of war, transports and other vessels, passed 
 the mouth of tlie Severn, and stood up the bay. Immediately after 
 the fleet had passed Annapolis, Governor Johnson issued a proclama-
 
 184 "The Ancient City.'' 
 
 tion calling- on all the county lieutenants, field ftiid other oflficers of 
 the militia of Maryland, 'of the United States, to march at 
 least, two full companies of each battalion at once, to the neigh- 
 borhood of the Susquehanna River, in Cecil and Harford counties. lie 
 concluded his proclamation : "To defend our liberties, requires our 
 exertions ; our wives, our children, and otir country, im])lore our a^;- 
 sistance ; motives amply sufficient to arm every one who can be called 
 a man." The Governor was encouraged in his patriotic efforts by in- 
 formation that the Eastern Shore militia were collecting in great num- 
 bers, determined to make the most obstinate resistance against the in- 
 vasion, of the State. 
 
 The British fleet proceeded to Turkey Point, on Elk River, near 
 which the British army, under Sir William Howe, was quartered. 
 
 October 9. Samuel Chase and John Brice. Esq., were chosen to 
 represent this city in the General Assembly — the first gentleman de- 
 clinhig to serve, Allen Quynn, Esq., was elected. 
 
 [1778.] Early in 1778, Count Pulaski's legion of cavalry and in- 
 fantry, raised partly in this State, was organized at Annapolis. The 
 corps suifered sev^erely in New Jersey the saine year, and tlie next lost 
 their heroic leader in Georgia. 
 
 Allen Quynn and Samuel Chase were elected this year delegates 
 from Annapolis to the Legislature. 
 
 The Gazette, in consequence of the high price of jiro visions, raised 
 its subscription to five pounds per annum. 
 
 During this year, a considerable number of citizens of Annapo- 
 lis, assembled in meeting. Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. in the cliair, 
 and passed resolutions that a certain Mr. John liawrence of the State 
 of Pennsylvania, "ought to depart the city and not return witliout 
 permission of the Gover!;or and Council," fo"r having made threats of 
 violence and attempted to put them in execution against Governor 
 Johnson, for carrying into operation against him a law that looked to 
 the ascertainment of the fact, or not, if the pei'son has taken the oath 
 of fealty required by this State, and to require him to take the one 
 prescribed by Maryland, or be fined, imprisoned, or returned to his own 
 State. Mr. Carroll, Mr. Jenning, Mr. Brice, Mr. Davidson, and 3Ir. 
 Paca were appointed a committee to present the respective ]jarties 
 with the meaning of the resolution. On the certificate of the ill- 
 health of Mr. Lawrence by Dr. Murray, he was allowed to remain in 
 the e;ty until he could be removed with safety. 
 
 The Legislature which adjourned December ;50th, passed an act to 
 enable the corporation of the city of Ainiapolis to sell certain lands, to 
 lay a further tax on property, within the said citv and its precincts, 
 to regulate and license ordinaries and retailers of spirituous liquors 
 withm the said city and precincts thereof. 
 
 [17^80 ] The Gazette of January 28th, 1780, reduced bv the war to 
 a halt sheet, said "several persons have gone from this to Poplar Is- 
 land Kock-Hall. and Baltimore-Towni. on the ice. and are crossing to 
 and ti-om Kent Island every day, which has not been known before by 
 our oldest inhal^itants, nor has the like ever happened, we believe, 
 since the memory of man." 
 
 On the 4th of February, the Gazett,' ofllce was burned. The prin- 
 ters returned their sincere thanks 'to their fellow-citizens for their 
 assistaneeonthat unhappy occasion, and in a particular manner to-
 
 History of Annapolis. 185- 
 
 those, whose exertions preserved their goods and rescned their dwell- 
 ing-house from the flames." 
 
 An elaborate discussion, by means of communications in tlie 
 (idzette, took place in the early part of this year upon the question of 
 confiscating the property of British subjects. It was participated in 
 by a number of correspondents under various signatures such as "'A 
 Senator," "Publicola," "APlebian," "A Sentry," and "A Native of 
 North-Britain." To show the warmth, with which the contest was 
 carried on. the following is extracted from a couimnuication published 
 under date of February 27th : 
 
 •'It is ji.stly alarming to see principles like the Senator's (the Sena- 
 tor defended the action of the Senate in not agreeing to the House- 
 Act to confiscate the property in (piestion.) spread in a free country, 
 when two years ago, if any man had talked in that manner, he would 
 as soon have dared to piit himself in the fire, and be tarred and 
 feathered, especially a member of our assemljly. Good God I ^\'hat 
 is this State come to, to be the subjects of Great Britain ? and we can- 
 not take the property of our enemies to pay our taxes when, if it was 
 in their power, they would take our lives. It is time for men to trim 
 and make fair weuther on both sides ; but I can say this, though I 
 cannot write. I can tliink ; and I have borne a firelock ; and I can say 
 it is toryisin. The Plebian is the echo of his voice, and the hot-bed 
 of a furnace in all diabolical plots and conspiracies. God deliver this 
 country from them. I am, your luimble servant, a Sentry, Elk 
 Ridge, February 27, 1780." 
 
 In tlie same paper, -^A Native of yortli-Brttahi,'^ exhibited in him- 
 self the great personal liberty enjoyed in this intensely patriotic com- 
 monwealth hy writing under date of FeVjruary 28, and saying that by 
 the 1)111 of rights of tiiis county "we are still the subjects of Britain, 
 and under the realm of that kingdom :" and remarks that "it would 
 be a great force put on any who have come to my time of day, to cast 
 off their native country."" He naively adds: "I would give the best 
 coat on my back to see a termination of the dispute." Whether it was 
 the debate, or the Revolution itself, for which this handsome sacrifice- 
 would be made, is not known. 
 
 •'A ^faryJand 0/??'cer," under the same date as the above says: 
 "The Senator, I take to he a scary fellow. ■■•■ "-■■" '•■■ France and Spain 
 will not suffer us to confiscate British property ! I would see France 
 
 and Spain to before they should hinder us from doing what is 
 
 right. "•■■ ■'■■ Was I of 'the legislative body I would have him 
 cashiered for hi* meaTi spiritedness. He may do well enough in 
 private life, but I'll be , if he is fit to wear a commission in a pub- 
 lic station." 
 
 Notwithstanding the wide margin the editor allowed for douV)tful 
 personal epithets, it seems that even his doubtful taste was put to- 
 a great strain, for, in the issue of March ^rd, he says : "Scoevola to 
 the Senator, contains several questionable passages, and will be re- 
 turned to the author." "Vindex is likewise too personal and cannot be 
 ]tublished." For the most part, however, it seems the discussion was 
 carried on in a proper, though animated, s]iirit. 
 
 Major-General Nathaniel Greene and Major-General Baron He Steu- 
 ben, with their suites, arrived in Annapolis on Wednesday, November 
 7th. 1780, on their way southward, the former to relieve General 
 Gates of the command of the Southern Troops.
 
 iy(j ''The Ancient City. '' 
 
 Oil the 8th of September, 1780, the news of Barou De Kalb"s death 
 readied Annapolis. He died from wounds received at the battle of 
 Camden, South Carolina. DeKalb was leading his troops, his be- 
 loved Marylanders, in a vigorous attack, when he fell pierced with 
 ,'leven wounds. Col. DuBuysson his aid-de-carap, embraced him. and, 
 announcing his raiiic and nationality to the encircling foes, begged 
 tlKMu to spare his life. The gallant Englishmen responded with a 
 soldiei-'s answer to the generous comrade, who, in protecting his Gen- 
 eral, received several dangerous wounds, and who, with DeKalb, was 
 takeu prisoner. Although the brave officer received the most con- 
 siderate attention from his captors, he died in a few days. His latest 
 moments were spent in dictating a letter declaring his warmest aflfec- 
 tion for the officers and soldiers of his command ; of the intense 
 pleasure it gave him to hear from British officers the bravery of his 
 troops ; of his own admiration of the heroic stand they made against 
 superior numbers, after lieing forsaken by the remainder of the army : 
 of tiie unmeasured dsrlight lie experienced from the gallant conduct of 
 tlie Delaware regiment and the companies of artillery of his command, 
 and of the affectionate regard iie entertained for his entire division. 
 
 The citizens of Annapolis particularly mourned DeKalb ; for his 
 manly virtues, exhibited whilst he sojourned in the city recruiting his 
 troops together with his j)atriotic conduct, hi^d greatly endeared him 
 1(1 them. 
 
 Congress, from a deep sense of gratitude for his gallaiit services. 
 
 in October, 1780, "'Resijlved, That a monument be erected, to the 
 
 memory of the late major-general, the Baron DeKalb, in the city of 
 
 Annapolis, in the State of Maryland," with the following inscription : 
 
 "Sacred to the memory of 
 
 The Baron DeKalb, 
 
 Knight of the royal order of mihtary merit. 
 
 Brigadier of the armies of France, 
 
 and 
 
 Major-general in the service of tlie United 
 
 States 
 
 of America. 
 
 Having served with honour and reputation for three years, 
 
 He gave a last and glorious proof of his 
 
 attachment to the liberties of mankind, 
 
 and the cause of America, 
 
 In the action near Camden, in the State of 
 
 South Carolina, 
 
 on the 16th August, 1780 : 
 
 Where, leading on the troops of the ^laryland 
 
 and 
 
 Delaware lines, against, superior numbers, 
 
 and animating them by his example to deeds 
 
 of valour, 
 
 He was pierced with many wounds and 
 
 on the 10th following expired, in the 48th year 
 
 of his age. 
 
 The Congress of the United States of .America, 
 
 in gratitude to his zeal, services and merit, 
 
 have erected this moniuneut."
 
 History OF Annapolis. 187 
 
 This debt of one hundred years standing was paid by the Congress 
 -of 1883, and on the 16th of Angust. 1886, the statue of DeKal'b, by 
 Epliraim Keyser. was unveiled with appropriate cereiiionies. 
 
 [1781.] In March, 1781, Annapolis was blockaded by the Hope 
 and tlie Monlv, British sloops of war. These prevented the French 
 troops from reaching the liead of Elk. La Fayette found on arriving 
 at Annapolis, the people greatly alarmed at the proximity of the 
 British vessels, and very anxious to retain the French troo{)s in the 
 city. Meanwhile La Fayette contemplated making a land march 
 to the Elk ; l)nt wagons and horses were scarce and a trip that could 
 be made in a day by boat, promised to consume ten days )iy the fre- 
 quent ferriages across the months of rivers. The brave soldier obtained a 
 small sloop and on it placed two 18-pour.ders, and. with this ridicuLnisly 
 unequal force, under Commodore Nicholson, sallied forth to meet the 
 -foe. 
 
 The little sloop that liad excited the contemjit of some of the timor- 
 ous citizens, accompanied by another vossel, alarmed the British so 
 that after several mancvuvers they dropped so far down the Bay, 
 that La Fayette was enabled to embark with this army. 
 
 On July, 18, 1781. a meeting of the citizens of Annapolis w-as held 
 Charles Wallace in the chair, George Kanken clerk, to take into eon- 
 .sideration tlie late law of the general assembly, for the emission of 
 two hundred thousand pounds, to defray tlie expenses of the present 
 camj)aign ; and the subscrii)tion and association recommended by the 
 legislature, to support the credit and value '"f said emission — it was 
 among other things, resolved by the said meeting — that, as suffi- 
 cient means could not be raised to carry on war by taxes — that the 
 emitting of bills of credit was necessary, and deemed it to be the 
 duty, and real int.erest of every citizen of the State — who was de- 
 termined to prosecute the wai- in defence of his property and liberty, 
 to exert every effort to support, the vidue of the said bills of credit, 
 at par with gold and silver — and that every i: an ought to associate to 
 receive the said bills at par. 
 
 James Brice, Jeremiah T. Chase, Allen Quynn, Frederick Green, 
 Nicholas Maccubbin, Jr., Samuel II. Howard, and Thomas Harwood, 
 Esqrs , w^ere appointed a committee, to attend to tiie conduct of as- 
 ■sociators, and to see that none of them violated theirfaith and honour, 
 by wilfully depreciating the said bilh; of credit — and that they should 
 publish the name of any such offender, who should be deemed in- 
 famous, and that to deal or associate thereafter with such an one, 
 should be considered as dishonourable. That the credit of the pa])er 
 money depended solely on public opinion, and must receive its value 
 from the association of the princijial merchants a!;d inhabitants of 
 Baltimore town, and the principal farmers in the several counties — all 
 of whom were earnestly reconnnended to receive it at par with specie. 
 
 The scenes at Annapolis at this period were well calculated to excite 
 the populace to the utmost of patriotic resolve. At one day's notice 
 twenty-three hundred militia assembled at Annapolis from Baltimore 
 to meet an expected attack of tlie British fleet, regiment after regi- 
 ment of that glorious old Maryland line was recruited at Annapolis 
 and sent to the front, French frigates sentinelled the mouth of the 
 Severn, and thousands of French auxiliaries passed through the city 
 .tow^ards Yorktown.
 
 •188 ''The A x c i e x t City.'' 
 
 The British fleet, however, August 1781, passed up York River, aniT 
 landed the British troops at York and Gloucester. 
 
 On the 28th of August, the third Maryland Regiment, Lieut. Col. 
 Peter Adams, commanding, marched from Annapolis to join the 
 Southern army. This regiment was recruited here, and had all the 
 appearance of"a veteran corps. They were enlisted for three years, 
 and were well equipped for tlie field. The friendships, engendered by 
 the agreeable social relations between officers and citizens, whilst the 
 recruiting was in progress, made the departure of the regiment one of 
 general regret. The ardor of the soldiers on the prospect of meeting 
 the enemy, and the martial appearance of the regiment insjiired the 
 sincerest "anticipations that the Third would render marked service to 
 their country and prove an houor to its State. It did not disappoint 
 the hopes it had created — V>ut these Maryland troops proved, as they 
 had the instincts of gentlemen at home, they possessed the mettle of 
 soldiers in the field. 
 
 The recruiting service at Annapolis was under the direction of that 
 intrepid soldier, Major-General Smallwood, whose distingnislied 
 qualities on the field, especially fitted him for this important part of 
 the service. He gave it his unremitting attention. 
 
 On the 7th of September, ten days after the Tiiird, the Fourth 
 Maryland Regiment, jMajor Alexander Roxlnirg. marched from An- 
 napolis to join La Fayette. The Regiment numbered 000 men, its 
 full complement. Washington was concentrating his forces for the 
 decisive blow at Yoi'ktown. All was ardor and zeal in Maryland — a 
 State that never flinched in its duty during the whole of the fiery or- 
 dealof the Revolution. Annapolis was a focal point in its patriotism 
 and preparation. On the 12th of September, transports with the 
 artillery, the grenadiers, and the Light Artillery, of the allied army, 
 arrived from the Head of the Elk, en route for James River. On the 
 18th, four thousand French troops, with a train of artillery, marched 
 into Annapolis from the North, on their way also to join Waslungton 
 in Virginia. It was at tliistime, off the mouth of the Severn, were the 
 ■Romulus, the Gentile and .several other French frigates. The very 
 air was martial and the inspiriting scenes in the busy and throbbing 
 little city well foreshadowed the final victory of the Revolution. 
 
 In the meantime, September 8th, the battle of Eutaw had been fonght 
 and the Maryland troops, under tlie command of the "Hero of Cow- 
 pens," Gen. John Eag-r Howard, added new lustre to their already 
 glorious name. 
 
 The news of Cornwallis" surrender reached Annapolis Saturday 
 evening, October 20th. It was communicated by Count de Grassc in 
 a letter sent l)y express to the Governor. The citizens hailed witli ac- 
 clamations of joy and volleys of artillery. On Monday afternoon., 
 /ejtdeyote was fired by the "red artillery," and ''selected militia,'' 
 and ]n the evening the ancient city was brilliantly illuminated.
 
 History of Annapolis. 189 
 
 CHAPTER XXXXIX. 
 
 A Political Prisoner in Annapolis Diring the 
 Revolution. 
 
 The Eiiixlisli Collector of Customs ol' Annapolis had an experience 
 rarely allotted to an officer in an enemy's country. For nearly three 
 years after violent retaliatory measures had commeEced, and for two 
 years after open hostilities were carried on, he had been allowed to re- 
 main in Annapolis as the King's officer, and collect the royal customs. 
 His personal expei-ience as found in his published letter, describes the 
 vibrations of public sentiment and the march of events in a graphic 
 manner. On Monday, .June 10th, 1776, he writes : 
 
 "Tomorrow I must obey the summons of the Committee. My col- 
 league and T have drawn u]) the following representation of our ease, 
 which we mean to deliver to the chairman of that body, in order to 
 •obviate the necessity of entering into bond. 
 
 " 'To the chainnan and members of the Committee of Observation 
 for Anne Arundel county, 
 " 'Gentlemeti, 
 
 '' 'We flatter ourselves that the following representation will engage 
 the committee's candid, and dispassionate consideration ; and that 
 when the personal liberty of even an individual is concerned, his en- 
 deavours to preserve it will be received with indulgence. 
 
 " 'You will please, gentlemen, to observe, that it is not ordered by 
 the convention, that the Committees of Oljservatiou take bonds of all 
 non-associators, biit it is left to their discretion, whetlier to require 
 bonds or not ; and, in the exercise of this power, though the commit- 
 tees are not held, as magistrates are in similar cases, by the obligation 
 of an oath, yet we presume they are bound in honour, not to demand 
 security unnecessary for the public good, and inconvenient and em- 
 l^arrassing to the persons called upon. 
 
 "'From the above consideration wc inferred, on being required to 
 give up our arms, without any demand or hint respecting the enter- 
 ing into bonds, that the Committee of Observation, in their discretion, 
 did not deem it necessary, or conducive to the public good. Had we 
 been called upon for that purpose, we should have had an opportunity 
 of ap{)ealing immediately to the convention. To that respectable 
 body, we could have represented our peculiar circumstances : that we 
 are officers of the Crown ; that we have given security in London for 
 the faithful discharge of our duty, agreeable to instructions from 
 time to time received, respecting the revenue of customs ; that we are 
 not entitled to our salaries without a nihil account, transmitted quar- 
 terly of our proceedings ; and, that though a correspondence of this 
 nature could be no way injurious to xVmerica, yet it might, perhaps, 
 be deemed a breach of the proposed bond, and consequently deprive 
 \is of the means of subsistence for ourselves and families ; for by the 
 condition of this bond, "no correspondence, directly or indirectly, by 
 letter, message, or otherwise, with any person holding a civil office 
 imder the crown," is allowable, even a demand for, and receipt of 
 •our salaries, would be a breach :f the condition prescribed. 
 
 " 'Although Ave are not natives of this country, we are animated 
 with the warmest attachment for its interest and happiness : and we
 
 190 ''The Ancient C i t y . ' ' 
 
 flatter ourselves, that our condvict, for a term of years, has beeir 
 generally approved, both as serA'ants of the public, and members of 
 the couimunity. We are determined to persevere, faitlifuUy and 
 lionourably, in discharging the duties oi our respective otfices, as long 
 as with propriety we can act in the same ; but we cannot sacrifice our 
 honour, or prostitute our oaths, for temporary indulgences. Should 
 we be obliged to dejiart from this continent, we hope we shall be per- 
 mitted to take leave, with security to our persons and property, 
 agreeably to a resolve of the convention, in tiiat case provided ; and 
 wherever we may fix our residence, we shall retain the most affec- 
 tionate regard for Maryland, without deviating from our allegiance 
 to our Sovereign, which has been, and will ever continue to be tlie- 
 invariable rule of our conduct. Not to trespass, gentlemen, upon 
 your time, permit us to assure you, that we cannot, consistent with 
 our peace of mind, enter into the proposed bond. We act solely from 
 principle, and the dictates of conscience. Kelj'ing, therefore, on your 
 impartiality, we shall cheerfully submit to whatevf--r you may please 
 to determiue : and however Providence may dispose of us in future, 
 our prayers shall be continually offered for tlie prosperity of tliis once 
 happy province, most ardently wishing a permanent and constitutional 
 reconciliation may speedily take place, and that Great Britain and 
 America may remain, to the latest pej-iod, one luip|iy. free, and undi- 
 vided empire. 
 
 "We are, gentlemen, 
 
 "Your obedient, humble servants. 
 
 ".John Claphaji, 
 "Wm. EUDIS." 
 
 " 'Shoidd the Committee be pleased to determine, agreeable to tlie 
 resolve of the convention, and grant us passes to depart the country. 
 we have only to desire that a sufficient time may be allotted ns, to- 
 settle the various and intricate concerns of the loan-office, which we 
 need not observe, are of the utmost importance to tlie community iu 
 general. It is also highly incumbent on us, to leave the business of 
 that department in a clear state, so that our securities, who are en- 
 gaged in very large sums for onr fidelity, may be honourably dis- 
 er.arged from the obligations entered into on our belialf. 
 
 "We are by no means sang-.iine. with regard to the aliove api)lica- 
 tion ; on the contrary, we are prepared to encounter every disagreea- 
 ole consequence. It is possible a few weeks may be allotted, to ad- 
 just provincial and private concerns : we must' then give up every 
 flattering expectation ; every late ereexul liope. We must forsake 
 ALL, or act inconsistently with the dictates ot honour and of con- 
 science." 
 
 The committee required Messrs. Eddis and Clapham to give bond 
 of £10,000 each, not to communicate with the enemy. On their refustil 
 they were ordered to leave the province before the first of August. 
 
 June iGth, he wrote "I look forward with extreme imiiatience to 
 the hour of my departure from this countrv, where every surround- 
 ing prospect is dreary and uncomfortable.'"' 
 
 On the 1st of October he writes : 
 
 ■"My worthy colleague and his family are preparing to remove from 
 Annapolis to a house belonging to Mr. D , on Hunting liidge, aboufi
 
 H I R T R Y O F A N N A P O I, I y . 1 8<1 
 
 six miles distant from Baltimore to whicli ])liice 1 intend to iicconipany 
 them. We propose to attend alternately in this city, until dis- 
 charged from employments, or confirmed in them." 
 
 HxjX'nxu RuHiE, Novemher i. 
 ''I write to you from one of the mosr delightful situations on the c(»n- 
 tinent of America, where I have obtained an occasional retreat from 
 the noise, the tumult, and the miseries, of the public world. From 
 tlie back piazza of onr habitation, we command a truly picturesque 
 view into several fertile counties : a distant prospect of the eastern 
 sliore ; the magnificent waters of the Chesapeake, and the river Pa tap- 
 sco, from the entrance at the Bodkin Poir.t, to its apparent termina- 
 tion at the town of Baltimore. After this inadequate description, I 
 need not observe, that we reside on a lofty eminence where 
 
 ' the air 
 
 Nimbly, and sweetly recommends itself 
 Unto our gentle senses.' 
 
 "As Mr. C and myself are not superseded in our office we at- 
 tend in rotation, every other week, in Annapolis, from which tliis 
 place is about tliirty miles distant. The contrast we experience on 
 these occasions is hardly to be described ; from the churlish sounds of 
 of hostile preparation to the calm enjoyment of peaceful retirement. 
 Though in the vicinity of a large and populous town, agitated with 
 uproar and confusion, and rumours of approaching calamities, here, 
 sheltered by surrounding woods, we are entirely secluded from 
 the busy haunts of raen, and are benevolently permitted to enjoy 
 onr retirement without dread of molestation. It is well known that 
 we have never attempted, by any injudicious steps, to incur the resent- 
 ment of those who conceive they are wai-ranted by justice and by duty, 
 to take a contrary part : and while we thus continue to regulate our 
 conduct, we shall surely experience attention, with the most perfect 
 security." 
 
 .January 1st. 1777, he says : 
 
 '•Myself and colleague are not yet superseded in our provincial em- 
 ployment : but the day is assuredly at hand. When the event has 
 taken place, I am persuaded I shall be at liberty to revisit England ; 
 and have reason to believe, I shall be necessitated to shape my 
 course by way of the West Indies. I think it possible we may b>e re- 
 stored to each other early in the ensuing summer." 
 
 April 2, he writes, "We are at length superseded in our depart- 
 ment as commissioner of the loan office." 
 
 Saturday, June 7. he embarked to return to England by way of the 
 West Indies, permission having been refused him by the Americans 
 to enter the British lines. On that date he wrote : 
 
 •'I have-taken leave of the few faithful friends still residing in An- 
 napolis. Perhaps a final one ! It is a painful distressing idea ! But 
 I am hastening to those, my separation from whom I have so long 
 felt, and lamented. That thought will firmly support me under every 
 anxious trial it may be yet my fortune to encounter. I shall eml)ark 
 
 in a few minutes. So will Mr. D , as his vessel is likewise in tlie 
 
 harbour, and ready for sea. Our projected route, though aiming at 
 the same point, u widely different, I shall deliver this to his care.
 
 193 ''The A n c i e x t City.'' 
 
 Should lie, accomplish his passage, agreeaVile to his wishes, he must 
 reach England long before I can possibly expect that happiness. 
 Adieu !" 
 
 CHAPTER XL. 
 Ann.apolis After the Revolttion. 
 
 1781—1784. 
 
 In the minds of the people the battle of Yorktown had closed the 
 war. On his way northward, General Washington arrived in An- 
 napolis, on Wednesday, November 21st, 1781. 
 
 ••When the citizens received the pleasing information of his Excel- 
 lency's arrival, all business ceased, and every consideration gave way 
 to their impatience to behold their benefactor, and the deliverer of 
 his country. On his appearance in the streets, people of every rank- 
 and every age eagerly pressed forward to feed their eyes with gazing 
 on the man, to whom, under Providence, and the generous aid of our 
 great and good ally, they owed their security, and hopes of future 
 liberty and peace ; the courteous affability, with which he returned 
 their sjxlutes. lighted up ineffable joys in every countenance, and 
 diffused the most animated gratitude through every breast. 
 
 "You would have thought the very windows spoke, so many greedy 
 looks of young and old through casements darted their desiring eyes 
 upon his visage ; and that all walls, with painted imagery, had said 
 at once, "God .'ave thee, Washington." 
 
 "The general's arrival was announced by the discharge of cannon, 
 and he was accompanied to his Excellency the Governor, by the honest 
 acclamations of the whigs ; a few tories, to expiate their crimes and 
 shuffle off the opprobium of their characters, feebly joined in applaud- 
 ing the man whose successes had annihilated their hopes, and whose 
 conduct was a satire on their principles. The President of the Senate, 
 Speaker of the House of Delegates, Members of the House of Delegates. 
 Members of the General Assembly and Council, and many of the citi- 
 zens, hastened to offer their tribute of affection, which was richly re- 
 paid by the engaging frankness and affectionate politeness of the re- 
 ception. The evening was spent at the Governor's elegant and hos- 
 pitable board with festive joy, enlivened by good-humour, wit. and 
 beauty. 
 
 '•On the next day the General partook of a public dinner given hy 
 the legislature, as a mark of their respect, and to i-ender the partici- 
 pation of his coiu|)any as general as possible. In the evening the city 
 was beautifully illuminated, and an assembly prepared for the ladies, 
 to afford them an opportunity of beholding their friend, and thanking 
 their protector with their smiles.* 
 
 • Md. Gazelle.
 
 History OP Annapolis. 193 
 
 "His Excellency, to gratify the wishes of the fair, crowned the en- 
 tertainment with his presence, and with graceful dignity and familiar 
 ease so framed his looks, his gestures, and his words, that every heart 
 overflowed with gratitude and love, and every tongue grew eloquent 
 in his praise. When he retired from the assembly — with one united 
 vv.ice, all present exclaimed, 
 
 "Unrivalled and unmatched shall be his fame 
 
 And his own laurels shade his envied name." 
 
 The day on which General Washington reached Annapolis, the fol- 
 lowing address was presented by the citizens : 
 
 "To his Excellency General Washington. 
 
 "The citizens of Annapolis feel themselves happy in having an op- 
 portunity, personally, to express their affection for, and gratitude to, 
 your Excellency. Your private character forces admiration from the 
 foes of A'irtue and freedom. 
 
 "We derive peculiar pleasure from the contemplation, that the 
 successes at Trenton and Princetown laid the corner stone of our 
 freedom and independence, and that the capture of Earl Cornwallis 
 and hisarmy has completed the edifice, ad secured the temple of lib- 
 erty to us and our posterity. These brilliant and important events 
 are the more agreeable to every American, from the reflection that 
 they were planned by, and executed under, the immediate command 
 of your excellency. 
 
 "The love of your country alone, which induced you to accept the 
 command of our armies at the expense of domestic happiness ; the 
 persevering fortitude and equanimity of soul you have displayed on 
 every occasion, and the very important services rendered America, 
 justify us in saluting you as the patriot, the hero, and the saviour of 
 your country. 
 
 "Our prayers, with those of millions, are daily offered up to the 
 Supreme Ruler of the Universe, for your health, safety and happi- 
 ness. 
 
 (Signed.) John Bullen, Mayor. 
 
 "Annapolis, November 21st, 1781."' 
 
 To which address General Washington made the following reply : 
 
 "Sir, — I am obliged by the polite and affectionate address of the 
 citizens of Annapolis. Nothing can be more flattering to me than to 
 know, that ray general conduct has met the approbation of my coun- 
 trymen ; it is the most grateful reward for those services which I have 
 ever, in the course of my command, endeavoured to render them, but 
 which their too great partiality has oftentimes over-rated. That the 
 State in general, and this city in particular, may long enjoy the bene- 
 fits which they have a right to expect from their very spirited exer- 
 tions in the prosecution of this just war, is the sincere wish of, 
 "Sir, your most obedient and very humble servant. 
 
 "George Washington. 
 
 "The Worshipful .John Bullen, Esq., 
 
 "Mayor of the City of Annapolis. 
 
 "Annapolis, November 21st, 1781." 
 
 On Friday, the 23rd, General Washhigton resumed his journey- 
 Northward. 
 18
 
 194 ' ' T H E A N c I E N T City. ' ' 
 
 Auuiipolis was at this period a city of great importance. On the di- 
 rect line of travel to the North, by way of Rock Hall on the Eastern 
 shore, it received all the prominent generals of the war who passed 
 from North to South or the reverse. Loyal to its principles, hospita- 
 ble to a fault, ample in resources, the distinguished stranger who 
 chanced in its midst or the historic or patriotic event that happened 
 in tlieir hearing, were certain to be awarded the honors of a cannonade 
 or the convivialities of the banquet. 
 
 On the 25th of June, 1781, the birth of a Dauphin was celebrated in 
 the city by a public dinner given in the State House where a numer- 
 ous and respectable assembly gathered and many toasts were drunk 
 suitable to the occasion. At intervals during the day there were five 
 hundred discharges of cannon, and at night a splendid ball was 
 given. 
 
 [1783.] "On the 4th of January, 1783, count Roehambeau, with 
 this suite, arrived in Annapolis, and the next morning embarked on the 
 "LeEmerande" for France. 
 
 On the 24th of April, Annapolis celebrated the signing of the treaty 
 of peace between England and America. An extensive building suffi- 
 cient to accommodate many hundreds was erected on Carroll's Green, 
 thirteen pieces of artillery planted, and an elegant dinner provided. 
 The proclamation of peace was then read, and thirteen cannon an- 
 nounced the white-winged messenger. The gentlemen then repaired to 
 dinner, at which were present, his Excellency, the Governor, the 
 honorable council. Members of the Senate and Delegates of the As- 
 sembly, and a large number of gentlemen, both of town and countiy ; 
 who "with unfeigned satisfaction congratulated each other on the 
 blessings of peace — the rising glory of their country — the prospects of 
 her commerce — her future grandeur and importance in the scale of 
 nations. 
 
 "After dinner the following truly liberal, generous, and patriotic 
 toasts were drunk, each attended with thirteen cannon :"••' 
 
 1. The third of February, 1783 — in perpetual memory, on which 
 day a virtuous war was concluded by an honouralile peace. 
 
 2. The United States — may their confederacy endure forever. 
 
 3. Friendship with France — may every nation imitate the depth 
 and moderation of her policy, by which the freedom of navigation has 
 been secured, tlie liberty of these States confirmed, and the blessings 
 of peace and commerce diffused throughout the globe. 
 
 4. His Excellency, General Washington. 
 
 5. The generals, officers and soldiers of our army — may their ser- 
 vices be remembered, and generously rewarded by a grateful people. 
 
 6. The French generals, officers, and troops, who served in America. 
 
 7. The Marquis of Fayette — may our posterity ever retain a grate- 
 ful sense of his strong attachment to this countiy, and of the im- 
 portant services rendered it in the field and cabinet. 
 
 8. The immortal memory of the gallant soldiers and virtuous citi- 
 zens who gloriously fell in the late war. 
 
 9. The patriots of America — honour ci'owns their labours ; may 
 future ages revere their memory, and emulate their fame. 
 
 10. The United Netherlands, and the friendly powers in Europe. 
 
 11. May the influence of the present revolution be extended to all 
 the nations of the earth, by introducing among them that spirit of
 
 History OF Ann a poms. 195 
 
 humanity, and religious toleratioti, which has so peculiarly dis- 
 tinguished this country, and united the efforts of all denominations of 
 ■Christians in the support of freedom. 
 
 12. The Commissioners of the Unitiid States at Paris. 
 _ 13. The State of Maryland — may she ever supjwrt religion, learn- 
 ing, and virtue ; preserve justice, public faith, and honour ; give every 
 encouragement and attention to agriculture and commerce : and oil 
 all occasions maintain with dignity her national character." 
 
 At night, the State House was beautifully and brilliantly illumi- 
 nated and an elegant entertainment given at the ball-room to the 
 ladies. 
 
 Major-General Greene and his suite arrived in the city from the 
 South on their way North on September 35th, 1783. On the next 
 day the Corporation met, and presented the following address : 
 To the Hon. Major-General Greene: 
 
 "Sir, — We, the Mayor. Recorder, Aldermen, and Common Council, 
 of the city of Annapolis, impressed with the mos!: greatful feelings for 
 the eminent services rendered these United States, and the cause of 
 liberty, by the Southern Army under your command, beg permission 
 to congratulate you on your ari-ival in this city, and to testify, with 
 the sincerest respect and regard, the lively sense we entertain of the 
 invaluable blessings secured to us, by your conduct and unremitted 
 assiduity, in the noblest cause that ever graced a soldier's sword. 
 
 "Justice would wear the aspect of adulation, were we to enumerate 
 the many signal endowments which endear you to the inhabitants of 
 this city, and inspire us with the warmest and most respectful grati- 
 tude. They are such as will ever engage our prayers to Divine Provi- 
 dence, that you may long continue to possess the affections of a 
 generous repul)lic ; to share the sweets of domestic felicity ; and to ex- 
 perience the happy reward of your distinguished virtues. 
 
 •'This address springs from the heart ; and we solicit your accep- 
 tance of it, as the genuine sentiments of a grateful people. 
 "Signed by order and in liehalf of the corporation. 
 "James Brice, Mayor. 
 
 "Annapolis, September 26th, 17^3. "' 
 To which the General returned the following answer: 
 
 "Annapolis, September 37th, 1783. 
 "Gentlemen. — It is with the highest satisfaction I receive your 
 .affectionate address, and feel my bosom glow with gratitude upon' the 
 occasion. 
 
 "The happy termination of the war affords the most pleasing field 
 for contemplation, and while it promises the richest harvest to the 
 good citizens of America, it gives the sweetest pleasui'e, and most de- 
 sirable repose to the soldier. If the operations of the Southern Army 
 have answered the expectations of the public, or have had any 
 influence upon this great event, I shall consider it one of the 
 most happy employments of my life. And if to this I may venture to 
 flatter myself, that my conduct either merits, or meets in the smallest 
 degree, the approbation of the public, I shall be still more happy. 
 The honour you have done me, and the troops under my command, 
 .are too sensibly felt to be fully expressed, or properly acknowledged.
 
 196 ''The Ancient City.''' 
 
 "I beg leave to return my most sincere thanks to the corporation,, 
 for the interest they take in what concerns my future happiness, 
 peace, and prosperity. 
 
 "I have the honour to be, gentlemen, 
 
 "Your most obedient, humble servant, 
 
 "Nathianiel Gbeene. 
 
 "To the Cori^oration of the City of Annapolis." 
 
 November 21st, 1783. the order of the society of Cincinnati, for 
 Maryland,was inaugurated in Annapolis; Otho H. Williams in the chair; 
 John Eccleston, Secretary. The order elected : Major-Geueral Small- 
 wood, president : Brigadier General Gist, vice-president ; Brigadier 
 General Williams, secretary ; Col. Ramsey, treasurer ; and Lieut. 
 Col. Eccleston, assistant treasurer. Annapolis was appointed the 
 place for their annual meeting. 
 
 On Monday, November 29th, 1784, Generals Washington and La- 
 Fayette arrived in Annapolis. The next day the Legislature ordered 
 a ball to be given in honor of the visitors. The GazeJte. says : 
 
 "The evening was crowned with the utmost joy and festivity, the 
 whole company being made happy by the presence of two most amia- 
 ble and all-accomplished men, to whom America is sodeeijly indebted 
 for her preservation from tyranny and oppression.'' 
 
 The following addresses were presented by the executive and legis- 
 lative bodies respectively to the Marquis, during his visit at An- 
 napolis : 
 
 "Annapolis, November 30th. 1784. \ 
 In Council. j 
 
 "Sir, — We, the Governor and Council of Maryland, beg leave with 
 the most entire respect and heart-felt satisfaction, to embrace this 
 first oi:)portunity of your presence in the metroiJolis of this State, since 
 the establishment of oar peace, to offer you onr warmest congratula- 
 tions, and to express our high and grateful sense of the illustrious 
 share which you bore in the accomplishment of that happy event. 
 
 "The early and decided part which you took in the cause of Ameri- 
 can liberty and glory, your generous services for us in the court of 
 your august monarch, our great and good ally, and your wise and 
 magnanimous conduct in the field, upon many of the most arduous- 
 occasions of the war, have endeared your name to America, and en- 
 rolled it high in the list of patriots and heroes, the supporters o^ her 
 liberty and founders of her empire. 
 
 "May, sir, your future days be as great and honourable as the past, 
 and may heaven take under "its peculiar care and protection, a life so 
 eminently distinguished for its attachment and devotion to the rights 
 and liberties of mankind. With every sentiment of regard and re- 
 spect, we have the honour to be, sir, your most obedient humble ser- 
 vant, 
 
 "William Paca. 
 
 "The honourable the Marquis de la Fayette." 
 
 La Payette replied : 
 
 "To his Excellency the Governor and the honourable Council of the 
 State of Maryland. 
 
 "Sir,— In the poHte attention of your Excellency and Council, I find' 
 myself equally obliged to your attachment, and honored by your ap- 
 probation.
 
 History of Annapolis. 197 
 
 "To have been early adopted among the sons of freedom, to have 
 seen French and American standards united in the cause of mankind, 
 to have so peculiarly shared in the confidence and friendship of the 
 United States, are ideas the more pleasing to me, as I am assured, 
 when I reflect upon the ditnculties this country overcame, that she 
 will attend to the means of splendor and happiness, which now, thank 
 Ood, are in her disposal. 
 
 "I beg, sir, your Excellency and Council will accept the warmest 
 acknowledgments, and sincerest wishes that an affectionate heart can 
 most respectfully bestow. 
 
 "La Fayette." 
 
 "November 30th. 1784. 
 "Sir, — The General Assembly of Maryland, are happy in having an 
 opportunity of personally testifying the grateful sense they and their 
 constituents entertain of the important services which yon rendered 
 these United States during tlie late war. The strong attachment 
 which you have manifested to its interests in situations tlie n-.ost try- 
 ing and difficult, still continues to actuate your conduct ; to this at- 
 tachment and predilection we partly attribute the commercial ar- 
 rangements lately adopted by his Most Christian Majesty, which bid 
 fair to perpetuate and extend the friendly intercourse and connexions 
 between his subjects and the citizens of these United States. 
 
 "May the Great Ruler of tlie Universe long preserve a life which 
 has been so early dedicated to the service of humanity, and engaged 
 in the most useful and Virilliant actions. 
 
 "George Plater. 
 
 President of ihe Senate. 
 "Thomas C. Deye, 
 
 Speaker of the House of Delegates. 
 
 "The :\lar(|uis de la Fayette. 
 
 "To the Honorable theGeneral Assembly of Maryland : 
 
 "Gentlemen, — On this opportunity so pleasingly anticipated, of my 
 respectful congratulations to your General Assembly, I meet such 
 precious marks of your partiality, as most happily complete my satis- 
 faction. 
 
 "Amidst the enjoyments of allied successes, affection conspires with 
 interest to clierish a mutual intercourse ; and in France you will ever 
 find that sympathizing good will, which leaves no great room for 
 private exertions. Withthe ardor of a most zealous heart, T earnestly 
 hope this State, ever mindful of the public spirit she has conspicuously 
 displayed, will to the fullest extent improve her natural advantages, 
 and in" tlie Federal Union so necessary to all, attain the highest degree 
 of jjarticular happiness and prosperity. 
 
 "While you are pleased, gentlemen, to consider my life as being de- 
 voted to the service of humanity, I feel not less gratified by so flatter- 
 ing an observation than by your friendly wishes for its welfare, and 
 the pleasure I now experience in presenting you with the tribute of 
 my attachment and gratitude. 
 
 "La Fayette." 
 
 During the sitting of this legislature, the following act was passed : 
 "An a'ct to naturalize Major-General, the Marquis de la Fayette and 
 his heirs male forever.
 
 198 " T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . ' ' 
 
 "Whereas, the General Assembly of Maryland, anxious to perpet' 
 nate a name dear to the State, and to recognize the Marquis de la 
 Fayette f : r one of its citizens, who. at the age of nineteen, left his 
 native country, and risked his life in the late revolution : who, on his 
 joining the American army, after being appointed by congress to the 
 rank of Major-General, disintei-estedly refused, the usual rewards of 
 command, and sought only to deserve, what he attained, the charac- 
 ter of patriot and soldier ; who, when ajjpointed to conduct an in- 
 cursion into Canada, called forth by his prudence and extraordinary 
 discretion, the approbation of Congress ; who. at the head of a", army 
 in Virginia, baffled the manoeuvres of a distinguished general, and ex- 
 cited the admiration of the oldest commanders ; who early attracted 
 the notice and obtained thr friendship of the illustrious General 
 Washington : and who laboured and succeeded in raising the honour 
 and name of the LTnited States of America ; therefore, 
 
 "^Bp. it enacted, by the. General As^evthly of Maryland, That the 
 Marquis de la Fayette, and his heirs male forever, shall be, and they 
 and each of them are hereby deemed, adjudged, and taken to be 
 natural born ciiizens of this State, and shall henceforth be entitled to 
 all the immunities, rights, and privileges of natural V)orn citizens 
 thereof, they and every one of them conforming to the constitution 
 and laws of this State, in the enjoyment and exercise of such immuni- 
 ties, rights and privileges." 
 
 CHAPTER XLI. 
 
 A.NXAi'OLis Wants TO Be the Capital of the 
 
 United States.* 
 
 •7 '^^Ju^'^n J" ^^^ proceedings of the corporation of Annapolis, :\[()n- 
 clay the 12th of May, 1783 ; at which were present. James Brice. Esq., 
 Mayor; Samuel Chase, Esq., Recorder : Allen Quynn, Esq.. John 
 BuUerh Esq., .Tohn Brice, Esq., Aldermen : Frederick Green. Esq., 
 John Davi.ison Esq., William Goldsmith, Esq.. Samuel 11. Howard, 
 Esq., Beriah Maybury. Esq., J.^hn Chalmers. Esq., Common Council- 
 men, ^ 
 
 "It being represented to the Corporation, that the welfare and in- 
 terest ot the Lnited States require that Congress should have a fixed 
 place 01 residence, and with jurisdiction and Executive and Judicial 
 powers witlun the same, and ,)ver all persons inhabiting or residing 
 within the district allotted for their residence ; and thilcity from its 
 central situation to the federal States, and the convenience of the 
 members of Congress to repair thither by land or water; the facility 
 blTIuK-^ ''"'^ conveying intelligence to Europe : and its remarka"^ 
 ble healthiness : and capacity of defence from any attack of an 
 t rom Council proceedings of 178M.
 
 History OF Annapolis. 199 
 
 enemy ; being, in the opinion of this corporation, the most eligible 
 place in the United States, for the residence of the Honorable Con- 
 gress, and their officers and foreign ministers, 
 
 "Beaolird, That the members of this Corporation be directed tocon- 
 snlt the citizens thereon and report the same to this Corporation on 
 Wednesday next. 
 
 "Ordered, That the following notice be set up at the State House 
 and Market House and other public places in the city, to wit : 
 
 "A meeting of the citizens of Annapolis is requested by the Cor- 
 poration on Wednesday, at 10 o'clock in the morning, at the house of 
 Mr. Charles Ridgely to express their sentiments, if the General As- 
 sembly will offer this city and its precincts to Congress for their per- 
 manent residence : wlicther tlicy will agree to such offer and consent 
 to be subject to such jurisdiction and power within the city and its 
 precincts and over the inhabitants and residents thereof as the General 
 Assembly shall think proper to grant to the United States in Congress 
 Assembled." 
 
 On the 14th, the Corporation met again. 
 
 '"The memlwrs of the Corporation liaving reported that they had 
 consulted the citizens and taken their opinion, whether this city and 
 its precincts, ought to be offered to the Honorable Congress for their 
 permanent residence, with jurisdiction over the same and the citizens 
 having unanimously agreed thereto, 
 
 ■'Bx'mhv'J, Unanimously, that if the Honorable the General Assem- 
 bly will offer this city and its precincts containing about three hundred 
 acres of land to the Honorable Congress for the permanent residence 
 of that body and successors, that this corporation, and their constitu- 
 ents most cheerfully agree to such offer and consent to lie subject to 
 such jurisdiction aiid power within the city and its precincts, and over 
 the Inhabitants and residents thereof as the General Assembly shall 
 think proper to grant : to the Uiiited Spates in Congress Assembled. 
 
 ''ResolieiL That the Worshiiifull the Mayor, authenticate this Act 
 under the Seal of the Cor[)oration and present the same to the General 
 Assembly." 
 
 On the 7th of .Tuly at another session of the City Council : 
 
 "The WorshipfuU, the Mayor, laid lief ore the Corporation a letter 
 to him from the Honorable James McHenry, Delegate of this State to 
 Congress, Dated the ;30th of last month, requesting to be furnished 
 with an accurate account of tlie births and deaths in this city for the 
 last 15 or 20 years wliich was read, and it appearing on enquiry that 
 no regular and complete register of deaths or births has been kejit be- 
 fore the war, and that no register of any kind has been kept since 
 that time, 
 
 "Ordered. That Messrs. Goldsmith, Fairbrother. Chalmers, Mills, 
 and Reynolds lie appointed to inquire and report to the Mayor the 
 number of births and deaths of the inhabitants within this city and 
 its precincts between the 1st day of July, 1778, and the 1st day of 
 this present month ascertaining as far as can be the number of whites 
 and blacks, infants and grown i^ersons, and the cause of death, and 
 that they report the nun"iber of inhabitants in this city during the 
 last year. 
 "Mr. Mayor is requested to transmit the said report to Mr. McHenry. 
 
 "Ordered, That a plat of tins city and its precincts be made out 
 and Mr. Mayor is requested to transmit tlie same to Mr. McHenry."
 
 200 ''The Ancient City." 
 
 The proceedings were coutiiuied oil a kindred subject on Saturday, the 
 1st of XovernV)er, 1783, when 
 
 "The Mayor laid before the Corporation a letter from the Honor- 
 able James McHeury and Daniel Carroll, Delegates of Congress for 
 this State, dated the 33rd day of October last, to the late Mayor 
 enclosing the resolution of Congress of the same date respecting the 
 temporary residence of Congress in this city and also a letter from the 
 Hon. .James McHeury requiring suitable provision might be made for 
 the reception of the Members, Ministers, and Officers of Congress — all 
 which Ijeing considered, it was ordered that a committee of the Mem- 
 bers of the Corporation be appointed to inquire what houses can be 
 procured for Congress and for what rent, and also how many boarding 
 houses are in town, the accommodation of each and the sums upon 
 which members can be l)oarded." 
 
 "Messrs. Alle]i.Quynn, John Brice, John Davidson, and John Chal- 
 mers were accordingly appointed." 
 
 The council loaned Isaac McHand £100 Continental Currency "to 
 enable him to provide fortheaecommodationof members of Congress." 
 
 The legislature of Maryland appears to have taken no steps to 
 further the ambitious aspiration of Annapolis. On Tuesday, Octo- 
 ber 21st, Congress settled the question as to the seat of government, 
 so far as Annapolis was concerned by the passage of the following : 
 
 "Whereas, there is reason to expect that the providing buildings 
 for the alternate residence of Congress in two places, will be produc- 
 tive of the most salutary effects, by securing the mutual confidence 
 and affections of the States : 
 
 "Upsvlved, That buildings likewise erected for the use of congress, 
 at or near the lower falls of Potowmack or Georgetown, provided a 
 suitable district on the banks of the river can be procured for a fed- 
 eral town, and the right of soil, and an exclusive jurisdiction, or such 
 other as congress may direct, shall be vested in the I'nited States : 
 and that until the buildings to be erected on the banks of the Dela- 
 ware and Patowmack shall be prepared for the reception of Congress, 
 their residence shall be alternately, at equal periods of not more than 
 one year and not less than six months, in Trenton and Annapolis; and 
 the president is hereby authorised and directed to adjourn congress, 
 on the 12th day on November next, to meet at Annapolis on the 2()th 
 of the same month, for the dispatch of public business." 
 
 CHAPTER XLII. 
 
 Gen-eral Washington Resigns His Military Com- 
 mission AT Annapolis. 
 
 1783. 
 
 Annapolis became the scene of the resignation of General AYashing- 
 tons military commission not from any peculiar fitness of things, but 
 from one of those accidents that sometimes makes places, as well as 
 men, famous.
 
 History of Annapolis. 201 
 
 Congress had resolved that, until the public buildings then in course 
 of erection on the Delaware and Potomac were finished, it would hold 
 its sessions alternately at Trenton and Annapolis. The latter place 
 was selected because it had a commodious State-House. It was 
 chosen for the first six months of the session of 1783. Thus it became 
 the scene of a renowned event. 
 
 Hastening from the affecting incidents of his farewell audience with 
 the officers of his army, by a triumphal journey Washington arrived, 
 on the 19th of December, in the City of Annapolis. 
 
 The news of General Washington's approach had preceded him, and 
 a few miles from Annapolis he was met by Generals Gates and Small- 
 wood, "and several of the principal inhabitants, who attended him to 
 Mr. Mann's, where apartments had been prepared for his reception. 
 His Excellency's arrival," continues the local authority from which 
 •we quote, "was announced by the discharge of cannon. xVfter re- 
 ceiving the heartfelt welcouie of all who had the honor of knowing 
 him. Hi? Excellency waited on the President of Congress (General 
 Mifflin, of South Carolina,) with whom he and the members of that 
 body, together with the principal civil and military officers of this 
 State, dined on Saturday." 
 
 Mann's Hotel, at which "Washington had been provided quarters, 
 still stands in Annapolis, an imposing structure even in this day of 
 improvements. It is now the City Hotel, and is situated on the corner 
 of Conduit and Main streets. The room, which Washington occupied, 
 yet remains, and is in one of the wings. "No. 9" is its designation. 
 It is about sixteen feet by sixteen, with a ceiling of about twelve. 
 There are two great windows in it that look out upon the court-yard 
 of the hotel. Until a few years ago the very bedstead that the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief occupied remained in the room. AVhen the hotel 
 passed from the heirs of Colonel .John Walton, who was for many 
 years "mine host" of the City Hotel, his ^on. Dr. .T. Randolph Walton, 
 took the illustrious relic away. He lives in Washington and when 
 last heard from on this subject still had the bedstead in his possession. 
 
 Annapolis, at the time of this interesting event, was a quaint and 
 agreeable city. The hip-roofs and odd gables still left here bear evi- 
 dence of the pictxiresque period of 1783. Mr. William Eddis, the English 
 surveyor of the port, who wrote of it in 17(j9, said that then it had 
 "more the appearance of an agreeable village than the metropolis of 
 an opulent province, as it contains within its limits a number of small 
 fields which are intended for future erections. But in a few years it 
 will pi'obaljly be one of the best built cities m America, as a spirit of 
 improvement is predominant, and the situation is jxllo wed to be equally 
 liealthy and pleasant with any on this side the Atlantic. Many of the 
 principal families have chosen this place for their residence, and there 
 are few towns of the same size in any part of the British domains that 
 can boast of a more polished society. ■■'" * * Several modern edi- 
 fices make a good appearance. There are few habitations without 
 gardens, some of which, planted in decent style, are well stocked." "^ 
 
 Washington, with his accustomed promptness, set himself at once 
 to the business he had in hand. On Saturday. DecemV)er 20th, 1783, 
 he addressed a letter to Coiigress, informing that body of his arrival 
 in Annapolis, with the intention of asking leave to resign, the com- 
 
 " .Marvhiinl (S.izette.
 
 203 • ' T H E A X c I E N T City.'' 
 
 mission ho liad the Imuor of lioltling in their service, and desiring 
 to know tlieir pleasure in what manner it will be most proper to offer 
 his resignation ; wliether in writing or at an audience. 
 
 Congress resolved "that His Excellency the Commander-in-Chief 
 be admitted to a public audience on Tuesday next at 12 o'clock, M." 
 
 It was further resolved "that a public entertainment be given to the 
 Commander-in-Chief on Monday next." 
 
 The State of Maryland was not behind in offering to Washington the 
 courtesies deuiauded by the auspicious occasion. The Council of 
 State began the formal addresses of tiie ceremonies with the follow- 
 ing : 
 
 ''Annapolis, December 20, 1788. "I 
 In Council. j 
 
 "Sir : — Amidst the general joy on the happy and honorable termina- 
 tion of the war, we beg leave to welcome your Excelleiucy's return to 
 this city, with hearts full of gratitude and affection. 
 
 "As long, sir, as mankind shall return a proper sense of the bless- 
 ings of Peace. Jjiherty, and Safety, your character in every country, 
 and in every age wills, be honored, admired, rnd revered; but to a 
 mind elevated as your the consciousness of having done great and 
 illustrious deeds, from the purest principles of patriotism of having by 
 your wisdom and magnanimity, arrested the arui of tyranriy, saved a 
 dear country and millions of fellow-citizens, and millions yet unborn, 
 from slavery and all tlie horrors and calamities of slavery, and placed 
 their rights and liljerties on a permanent foundation, must yield a 
 satisfaction infinitely superior to all the pomp and eclat of applauding 
 ages and admiring worlds. 
 
 "Attached to your excellency by the strongest obligations ; and 
 feeling the most lively impressions of your uneijualled worth and pub- 
 lic usefulness : we beg you to accept our wai'mest wishes that your life 
 may be [irolonged to a far distant period ! and that it may be as happy 
 in your retirement as it has been glorious in the field." 
 
 The letter was sigued with the usual prolonged and courteous 
 protestations of affection and respect by Wm. iVca, President of the 
 Council and Governor of Maryland. 
 
 General Washington replied to this prophetic and eloquent address : 
 
 "Sir: — 1 shall ever cherish apleasnig remembrance of the welcome 
 reception I have experienced from your excellency and the Council, on 
 my return to this city after the happy and honorable termination of 
 the war. 
 
 "The flattering sentiments you entertain of my exertions in defence 
 of our country, and the favorable point of light in which you place my 
 character, too strongly demonstrates your friendship, not to claim the 
 most grateful return from me. 
 
 "Convinced from experience, of the wisdom and decision which have 
 signahzod the government of Maryland, I cannot form a better Avish 
 for the future prosperity of the state than that the same spirit of jus- 
 tice and patriotism, wliich actuated its councils during a long and 
 eventful war, may continue to dictate its measures through a durable 
 and happy peace." 
 
 The following morning, (Sunday,) General Washington devoted to 
 the return of the visits of citizens of Annapolis and "^otiiers who had 
 waited on him. Tie then dined, with a number of othei's. witli Mr. 
 Harford.
 
 History ok Annapolis. 20S" 
 
 Monday, the 23d of December, had a s;reat deal crowded into it. 
 There were the formal addresses of the city Annapolis, those of the 
 Senate and Honse of Delegates of Maryland, a pnblic dinner to Gen- 
 eral Wasliington, the illnmination of the State House and a Ball by 
 the General Assembly of Maryland. 
 
 Annapolis, by its Mayor. J. T. Cliase, said "The Mayor, recorder, alder- 
 men, and common council of the city of Annapolis congratulate your 
 excellency on the restoration of peace, and the establishment of the free- 
 dom and independence of the United States of America. The citizens 
 feel themselves particularly happy in this opportunity afforded them, of 
 expressing their sincere approbation of your most disinterested and 
 unexampled conduct through every stage of the war, and the high 
 sense they entertain of your excellent virtues, fortitude, and unremit- 
 ting t'erseverance, under the pressure of the greatest difficulties. To 
 you they esteem themselves principally indebted under the favor and 
 smiles of Providence, for the inestimable blessings of peace and free- 
 dom. This acknowledgement flows from hearts filled with gratitude 
 and the most perfect respect ar.d veneration for your person and 
 character. 
 
 "In your retirement to the peaceful and pleasing scenes of domestic 
 tranquility, may America long experience the benign influence of 
 your example, and benefit liy the salutary suggestions of your wisdom 
 and may you sir. long enjoying your health and the heavenly sensa- 
 tions arising from a consciousness of having done every thing for your 
 country, and wrested her from the oppressive hand of unrelenting 
 tyranny without the liope of any reward, but the' approbation of a 
 free people." 
 
 To this flattering and very personal address, General Washington 
 replied : 
 
 "To the worshipful, tiie Mayor, Recorder. Aldermen and Conunon- 
 Council of the city of Annai^olis : 
 
 "Permit me. Gentlemen, to offer to you my sincere tluinks for your 
 congratulations on the happy events of peace, and the establishment 
 of our independence. 
 
 "If my conduct througiiout tlie war has merited the confidence of 
 my fellow citizens, and has been instrumental in obtaining for my 
 country the blessings of peace and freedom — I owe it tiiat Supreme 
 Being wlio guides the hearts of all — who has so signally interposed 
 his aid ill every stage of the contest, and who has graciously iieen 
 pleased to Ijestow uu me the greatest of earthly rewards — the api)ro- 
 bation and aft'c^tions of a free people. 
 
 "Though I retire from the employments of public life, I shall nevei' 
 cease to entertain the most anxious care for the welfare of my coun- 
 try. May the Almighty disp:)se the heart of every citizen of the 
 United States to improve the great prospect of happiness before us I 
 And may you. Gentlemen, and the inhabitants of this city, long enjoy 
 every felicity this world can afford !" 
 
 The State of Maryland, through its General Assembly, then in ses- 
 sion, followed with anotiier congratulatory address. The sui'prise is 
 that all l;)eing upon the same theme — the glories of Washington's 
 personal chai-acter and his military achievements, there should be 
 found so many variations of the subject ; but the object glowed and 
 the changes rang with everyone that began the note of j)raise. I\hiry- 
 |and said :
 
 304 "The A n c i e x t City.'' 
 
 "The General Assembly of Maryland embrace this opportunity, of 
 .expressing the grateful sense which they and their constituents enter- 
 tain of your distinguished services ; services which^ under the smiles 
 of Divine Providence, have secured the peace, liberty, and indepen- 
 dence, of these States I Your retirement to private life is a full evi- 
 dence of that true patriotism which induced you to draw your sword 
 in defence of your injured country, and made yon ^tersevere to the end 
 of the arduous struggle, in which you have surmounted difficulties, 
 that, with prudence less than yours, could not have been surmounted. 
 Having, by your conduct in the field, gloriously terminated the war, 
 jou have taught us, by your last cireuhir letter, how to value, how to 
 preserve, and to improve that liberty, for which we have been con- 
 tending. We are convinced that public liberty cannot be long pre- 
 served, but by wisdotn, integrity, and a strict adherence to public jus- 
 tice and public engagements. This justice and these engagements, as 
 far as the influence and example of one State can extend, we are de- 
 termhied to promote and fulfil; and if tlie powers given to Congress by 
 the confederation, should be found to be incompetent to the purposes 
 of the Union, we doubt not our constituents will readily consent to en- 
 large them. In expM'Ssiitg these sentiments, and by thus engacing 
 tocom[>ly with the dictates of public faith and justice, and to satisfy 
 the just demands of a meritorious army, we make the most acceptable 
 returns for ait those cares which you have .elt, and all the toils you 
 have undergone, during your coiiunand. Permit us. in addressing 
 you for the last time in your iniblic eharactei , to express our warmest 
 wishes that yon may long enjoy the sweets of domestic ease and retire- 
 ment, and that cordial satisfaction which must arise from a conscious- 
 ness of having merited and gained the universal love of vour countrv- 
 men." 
 
 The reply of General Washington, to this patriotic address of the 
 Stat_e whose representative, Tliomas Johnson, had nomiiuited him in 
 1775forcomm.andof the-Continental Army, was -'particularly happy." 
 Here it is in full : 
 
 "Gentlemen : — I feel myself particularly happy in receiving the ap- 
 probation of the General Assembly of Maryland, for those services 
 which my country had a right to demand, and which it was my duty 
 to render in defence of it. 
 
 "Having happily attained the object for which we had drawn the 
 sword, I felicitated myself on my approaching return to private life, and 
 I_ must .acknowledge, I anticipated an unusual degree of self -gratifica- 
 tion, 111 that retirement, which you are pleased to consider as an evi- 
 dence of patriotism. 
 
 "You have rightly judged, genllemen, that public liberty cannot be 
 long preserved, without the influence of those public virtues, which 
 you have enumerated. May the example you have exhibited, and the 
 disposition you have inanif.-sted, prevail extensively, and have the 
 most salutary operation ! For I am well-assured, it is only by a general 
 adoption of wise and equitable measures, tliat I can derive any per- 
 sonal sati^action. or the public any permanent advantages, from the 
 successful issue of the contest. ' 
 
 "I am deeply penetrated with the liberal sentiments and wishes 
 contained 111 your last address to me as a public character ; and while 
 1 am bidding you a final farewell in that capacity, be assured, gentle-
 
 H I S T li Y O F A X N A P O L I S . 205' 
 
 men, that it will he my study in retirement not to forfeit the favorable- 
 opinion of my fellow-citizens."' 
 
 Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, delivered, in person, Waslungton's 
 reply to the address of the JLiryland Legislature. 
 
 The public dinner that Congress had tendered to General Washing- 
 ton was given on Monday, December 22nd, at the ball-room. 
 
 The building still rem;iins, and strangers are shown with pardonable 
 pride the place where Washington, the grave and dignified Comman- 
 dei'-in-Chief of the Continental armies, was wont, in "the piping days 
 of peace," to corae and dance, perhaps, the stately minuet. "Up- 
 wards of two hundred persons of distinction were present at the din- 
 ner," says the local chronicler of that period, and "everything was 
 provided by Mr. Mann in tne most elegant and profuse style." 
 
 Dinner over, the roar of artillery began, and to its salvos the fol- 
 lowing interesting and patriotic toasts were drank : 
 
 1. The United States. 
 
 2. The Army. 
 
 S. His Most Christian Majesty. 
 
 4. The United Netherlands. 
 
 5. The King of Sweden. 
 
 6. Our Connnissioners Abroad. 
 
 7. The Minister of France. 
 
 8. The Ministei: of the United Netherlands. 
 
 9. Harmony and a flourishing commerce throughout the Union. 
 
 10. May virtue and wisdom influence the Councils of the United 
 States, and may their conduct merit the blessings of peace and inde- 
 pendence. 
 
 11. The Virtuous Daughters of America. 
 
 12. The Governor and State of Maryland. 
 
 13. Long health and happiness to our illustrious General. 
 
 At night the State House was beautifully and brilliantly illumuiated, 
 in which building a ball was given by the General Asseml^ly of Mary- 
 land. There were many ladies present, and General Washington 
 opened the ball with Mrs. James Maccublnn, one of the most beautiful 
 women of her day, as his partner. 
 
 The building in which this gay and renowned assembly danced the 
 brilliant hours by, and which on the morrow was to be made forever 
 famous, was erected between 1769 and 1773. Among those charged 
 with its construction were Charles Carroll, barrister, and William 
 Paca, the latter of whom signed the Declaration of Independence. 
 
 The last act of General Washington's official life was to write a let- 
 ter to Baron Steuben. It ran : 
 
 "Annapolis, 23rd December, 1783. 
 
 "My Dear Baron : 
 
 "Although I have taken frequent opportunities, both in public and 
 private, of acknowledging your great zeal, attention, and abilities in 
 performing the duties of your oiflce, yet I wish to make use of this 
 last moment of my public life to signify, in the strongest terms, my 
 entire approbation of your conduct, and to express my sense of the ob- 
 ligations the public is under to you for your faithful and meritorious 
 services. .... 
 
 "I beg you will be convinced, my dear sir, that I should rejoice if 
 it coukrever be in my power to serve you more essentially than by ex-
 
 -306 ''The Anciknt City.'' 
 
 pressioiis of regard and affection ; but. in the meantime, 1 am per- 
 suaded you will not be displeased with this farewell token of my sin- 
 cere friendshi]) and esteem for you. 
 
 "This is the last letter I shall write while I continue in the service 
 of my country. The hour of my resignation is fixed at twelve today, 
 after which l' shall become a private citizen on the banks of t:ie Po- 
 tomac, where 1 shall be glad to embrace you, and testify the great es- 
 teem and consideration with which I am, my dear Baron, &c." 
 
 Washington and his aids arrived at the State House at noon, and 
 entered the Hall of Congress. A messenger annoiuiced their ari-ival 
 to the Secretary of Congress, who introduced Wasliington to Congress 
 and conducted him to a chair, where he was seated. Colonel lienja- 
 min Walker and Colonel David Humphreys, his aids, stood beside him. 
 It was a memorable assembly. In it were four future Pi'esidents of 
 the infant Republic — Washington, Jefferson, Madison and Monroe ; 
 John Eager Howard and General Smallwood, of Maryland ; Eldridge 
 ■Gerry, of Massachusetts ; Stone, Paca, Chase, and Carroll. Maryland's 
 signers of Independence ; Joshua Barney and Alexander Hamilton, 
 with beauty and grace unnumbered and unclironicled. 
 
 The hum of incident disorder being hushed. General Miiliin, with 
 covered head, as he and his fellow-members observed in token of the 
 sovereignty of the States they represented, addressed General Wash- 
 ington : 
 
 "Sir — The United States, in Congress assembled, are prepared to 
 receive your communications." 
 
 With his native dignity, augmented by the grand(mr of the occasion, 
 Wasliington arose and delivered that address, so renowned for its wis- 
 dom and patriotic foresight. He said: 
 
 "Mr. President: The great events on which my resignation de- 
 pended, having at length taken place, 1 have now the honor of offer- 
 ing my sincere congratulations to Congress, and of presenting myself 
 before them, to surrender into their hands tlie trust committed tome, 
 and to claiin the indulgence of retiring from the ser\ice of n.y country. 
 
 "Happy in the confirmation of our independence and sovereignty, 
 and pleased with the opporl unity afforded the United States of be- 
 •comins: a respectable nation. I resign with satisfaction the appoint- 
 ment I accepted with ditBdence : a diffidence in my abilities to accom- 
 plish so arduous a task, whicli, however, was superseded by a confidence 
 in the rectitude of our cause, the support of the supreme power of the 
 Union, and the patronage oT Heaven. 
 
 "The successful termination of the war has verified the most san- 
 guine expectations, and my gratitude for the interposition of Provi- 
 dence, and the assistance I have received from my countrymen, in- 
 creases with every review of the momentous contest. 
 
 "While I repeat my obligations to the army in general, I should do 
 ni justice to my own feelings not to acknowledge, in this place, the 
 peculiar services and distinguished merits of the gentlemen, who have 
 lieeii attached to my person during the war. It was impossible that 
 the choice of confidential officers to compose my family should have 
 been more fortunate. Permit me, sir, to recommend in particular 
 those, who have continued in service to the present moment, as worthy 
 of the favorable notice and jiatronage of Congress. 
 
 "I consider it an indispensable dutv to close this last solemn act of 
 .my official life, by commending the interests of our dearest country to
 
 History of Axnapolis. 207 
 
 ■the protection of Almig-hty God, and those who have the superinten- 
 dence of them to his holy keeping:. 
 
 "Having now finished the work assigned me, I retire from the great 
 theatre of action : and, bidding an affectionate farewell to this august 
 liody, under whose orders I have so long acted, I here offer my com- 
 mission, and take leave of all the employments of public life." 
 
 At its conclusion Washington advanced toward General Mifflin and 
 delivered to him his commission and a copy of his address. The Presi- 
 dent made the following answer : 
 
 "Sir : — The United States in Congress assembled receive with emo- 
 tions too affecting for utterance, the solemn resignation of the authori- 
 ties under which yon have led their troops with success through a 
 perilous and doubtful war. Called upon by your country to defend its 
 invaded rights, you accepted the sacred charge, before it had formed 
 alliances, and whilst it was withnut funt\s or a government to support 
 you. You have conducted the great military contest with wisdom 
 and fortitude, invariably regarding the rights of the civil powers 
 through all disasters and changes. You have, by the love and con- 
 fidence of your fellow-citizens, enabled them to display their martial 
 genius, and transmit their fame to posterity. You have persevered, 
 till these United States, aided by a magnanimous King and Nation, 
 have been enabled, under a just Providence, to close the war in free- 
 dom, safety and independence : on which happy event we sincerely 
 join you in congratulations. 
 
 "Having defended the standaid of liberty in this new world : having 
 taught a lesson useful to those who inflict and to those who feel op- 
 pression, you retire from the great theatre of action, with the blessings 
 of your fellow-citizens — but the glory of y.nir virtues will not termi- 
 nate with your military command — it w:ll continue to animate re-; 
 motest ages. 
 
 "We feel with you our obligations tn the army in general, and will 
 particularly charge ourselves with the interests of those confidential 
 officers who have attended your person to this affecting moment. 
 
 "We join you in commending the interests of our dearest country to 
 the protection of Almighty God, beseeching him to dispose the hearts 
 and minds of its citizens to improve the opportunity afforded them, 
 of becoming a happy and respectable nation. And for you we address 
 to Him our warmest |)rayers, that a life so beloved may be fo.->tered 
 with all his care ; that your days may be as happy as they have been 
 •illustrious; and that He will finally give ym\ that reward which this 
 world cannot give." 
 
 The Secretary of the Senate then delivered to Washington a copy of 
 General Mifflin's address, Washington arose and, with affecting dig- 
 nity, bowed to Congress. The members uncovered before him. He 
 withdrew from the Chamber leaving beauty's eye dimmed with affec- 
 tion's tear. 
 
 Washington, accompanied as far as South River, three n.iles from 
 Annapolis, by the Governor of Maryland, immediately set out for 
 Mount Vernon where he arrived on Christmas Eve.
 
 208 • • T H E A X c I E X T City.'' 
 
 CHAPTER XLIII. 
 
 St. John's College. 
 
 1784—1887. 
 
 Before the ReA'olution, Maryland had felt the necessity of larger 
 facilities for advanced learning. Mr. Eddis, writing under date of 
 Oct. 4, 1773. from Annapolis, says : 
 
 "The Legislature of this province, animated by sentiments which 
 reflect the highest credit on their patriotism and wisdom, have also 
 determined, by a recent law, to endow and form a college for the 
 education of youth in every liberal and useful branch of Science. 
 
 "An institution of this nature was most strongly recommended to 
 their confidence by our worthy governor, (Eden,) at early period after 
 his arrival in this country : and to his laudable and persevering exer- 
 tions, the public are materially indebted for the establishment of a 
 seminary which, as it will be conducted under excellent regulations, 
 will shortly preclude tlie necessity of crossing the Atlantic for the 
 completion of a classical and polite education." Tliis college was 
 incipient St. John's. Gov. Bladen's unfinished residence was to be 
 repaired and used as a college. The Revolutionary war came on and 
 education was neglected in the struggle for political existence. The 
 war was barely concluded before the long-cherished hope of the State 
 was realized. By chapter 37, Act of 1784. funds were provided "for 
 founding a college on the Western Shore of this State and constitu- 
 ting the sjime, together with Washington College on the Eastern Shore,, 
 into one University, by the name of the University of Maryland." 
 
 It IS not possible for the most prejudiced mind to read the nineteen 
 sections of this memorable Act and not be convinced of the large and 
 wise pro\nsion the State intended to make to advance the cause of 
 liberal education. 
 
 The preamble recited that, as "many public-spirited individuals" 
 have subscribed and procured subscription to form a college on the 
 Western Shore of this State, that, therefore : 
 
 "Z?e it Eiuicted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That a col- 
 lege, or general seminary of learning, by the" name of St. John's, be- 
 established on the said Western Shore, upon the following fundamen- 
 tal and inviolable principles, namely : first, the said college shall be 
 founded and maintained forever upon a most liberal plan, for the 
 benefit of youth of every religious denomination, who shall be freely 
 admitted to equal privileges and advantages of education, and to all 
 the literary honors of the college, according to their merits without 
 requiring, or enforcing any religious or civil test, or urging their at- 
 tendance upon any particular religious worship, or service, other than 
 what they have been educated in or have the consent or approbation 
 of their parents or guardians to attend ; nor shall any preference be 
 given in the choice of a principal, vice-principal, or other professor, 
 master, or tutor, in the said college on account of his particular re- 
 ligious profession, having regard solely to his moral character and lit- 
 erary abilities, and other necessary qualifications to fill the place for 
 which he shall be chosen."
 
 History of A x x a p o l i s . 209 
 
 For every thousand pounds subscribed by any individuals, wiio 
 choose to cliiss themselves together, one member of the Board of Visi- 
 tors and Governors, was to l)e selected liy those who formed the class. 
 
 Rev. John Carroll, Rev. Wm. Smith, and Patrick Allison, Doctors 
 of Divinity. Richard Sprigg, John Steret and George Diggs. with 
 power to appoint others, were made agents to collect the individual 
 subscriptions to the College. 
 
 The seventh section enacted, "That, if the city of Annapolis should 
 be fixed upon as a place for establishing the said intended college, this 
 General Assembly give and grant, and tliat, upon that condition, do 
 hereby give and grant to the Visitors aTul Governors of said college 
 by the name of 'The Visitors and Governors of St, John's in the 
 State of Maryland,' and their successors, all that four acres, within 
 the city of Annapolis, purchased for the use of the public and con- 
 veyed on the second day of October, 1744, by Stephen Bwrdley, Esq.. 
 to Thomas Bladen, Esq., then Governor, to have and to hold the said 
 four acres of land, with the appurtenance, to the said Visitors and 
 Governors, and their successors, for the only use, benefit, and behoof 
 of the said college and seminary of universal learning for ever," 
 Section thii'teen granted the sum of £1,750 annually and forever 
 thereafter as a donation by the public to the use of the college. 
 
 The singularity of the formation of the Board of Governors and Vis- 
 itors and the widely separated residences of the members of it, cre- 
 ated some difficulty in securing a meeting of the managers, but on 
 May 35, 1789, a committee of the Board, announced that the Board had 
 appointed John McDowell, A. M., professor of ^Mathematics, and that 
 the committee intended to have two rooms "pushed with all conven- 
 ient dispatch." This committee was James Brice, Charles Wallace, 
 Riehstrd Sprigg, Thomas Hyde, and Thomas Harwood. 
 
 On Wednesday, the 11th" of Xovember, 1789, St. John's College, 
 was opened, and dedicated with much solemnity, in the presence of 
 "a numerous and respectable concourse of people. The honorable 
 the members of the General Assembly, the honorable Chancellor, the 
 judges of the General Court, together witli tlie gentlemen of the bar, 
 the worshipful corporation of the city, and the principal inhabitants 
 thereof, preceded by the scholars, the professors, and the Visitors and 
 Governors of the college, walked in procession from the State House 
 to the college hall. An elegant sermon, well adapted to ..he occasion 
 was preached by the Reverend Doctor W. Smith, who presided fr r t'le 
 day. An oration was also delive^'ed by the Reverend Mr. I alp h Higin- 
 bothom on, "The advantages of a classical education." As a nieinod 
 of instruction, the Gazette, in its account of the college stated that — 
 "an acquaintance with the learned languages being considered as the 
 surest and most proper ground on which to lay the foundation of 
 other b)ranches of literature, it is intended in this seminary, the 
 strictest attention shall be paid to the students in that particular. 
 Grannnar, in all its parts, will be taught with critical exactness, and 
 the more strongly to impress a thorough knowledge of this prepara- 
 tory branch of study on the minds of the pupils, daily exercise will 
 be performed therein. Each lesson will be accompanied with an ex- 
 amination into the rules and principles by which the order and con- 
 struction of language is regulated in which the connexion and de- 
 14
 
 210 ''The Ancient City.'' 
 
 pending of its various parts on each other, will be explained. By the 
 above method the student will not only be informed in the particu- 
 lar language, which at the time engages his attention, but he will be 
 enabled with ease to acquire a knowledge of other tongues, especially 
 those of modern date, by the assistance derived from this mode of in- 
 struction." 
 
 The Gazette added — "It is expected that the rooms will be ready 
 in a few weeks for the different professors, by whom youth will lie in- 
 structed in all the sciences usually taught in colleges. The tuition is 
 fixed at five pounds per annum, and good board, lodging and washing 
 may be had, as the public is already informed, in respectable fami- 
 lies, at the rate of £30 current money, per annum." 
 
 Before this early date the uncertain tenure of the appropriation by 
 the State was already indicated. In November, 1788, tiie Legisla- 
 ture resolved that the annual appropriation be suspended until "the 
 professors and other officers thereof be ap{)ointed and actually en- 
 gaged in the exercise of their several duties.*' 
 
 On Monday, January 11, 1790, the grammar and mathematical' 
 schools were removed to the apartments prepared for them in St. 
 John's College, which were "fitted up in a commodious and neat man- 
 ner." 
 
 On November 21, 179:3, was the first conHneneement. There were 
 two graduates — John Addison Carr, of Maryland and Charles Alexan- 
 der, of Virginia. The former delivered a Latin oration, and another 
 "On the Advantages of Agriculture." Mr. Alexander delivered the 
 valedictory. On both graduates was conferred the degree of Bache- 
 lor of Arts. "The prhicipalthen closed the business of the day l)yan 
 address to the graduates, respecting their future conduct in life, and 
 concluded with commending them to the care and protection of the 
 Almighty CTOvernor of the Universe." 
 
 "These young gentlemen, on their private and public exaiuinations 
 acquitted themselves to the satisfaction of the visitors and others who 
 attended, and their public exhiliition, was received with the approba- 
 tion of a polite and discerning audience."* 
 
 The College early had its enemies and so industriouslv had they 
 been at work that in March, 1803, the Governors and Visitors depu- 
 tized A. C. Hanson, Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, and Richard 
 Ridgely, "to publish an account of the state of the College, and of the 
 advantages ii possesses and may afford." From this pajjer the fol- 
 lowing is extracted : 
 
 "St. John's College was founded, and has been carried on. under an 
 Act of Assembly, passed in 1784, by private contributions, by a pub- 
 lic annufil donation of £1,759, and by tuition money. Various un- 
 toward circumstances delayed the opening and dedication until Novem- 
 ber, 1789. But in the course of 18 months from that period, the plan 
 of the college, and the regulations in the several schools, were com- 
 pleted, and professors and teachers employed in the discharge of their 
 offices. ^ 
 
 "It is notorious, that from that time methods have lieen essayed to 
 destroy, or suppress a seminary, the institution of which had been 
 considered as reflecting a permanent honour on the State. It not- 
 withstandmg soon acquired a reputation scarcely exceeded by that of 
 
 • Md. f;az;etfe.
 
 History OP Annapolis. 211 
 
 any other college within the United States ; and although reports in- 
 dustriously circulated, have lately impaired its credit, no seminary 
 on the continent has afforded superior advantages to students of every 
 description. 
 
 ''It is incumbent on us to notict these reports. 
 
 "It has been bruited through the country, that young men and even 
 boys, belonging to the college, have been corrupted, or at least ren- 
 dered idle and dissipated, by the attentions paid to them by the citi- 
 zens of Annapolis. 
 
 "It is indeed to be wished, that students be so far controlled as that 
 they shall not neglect their college duties. But what is it that a wise 
 parent or guardian comprehends in liberal education ? Does he not 
 wish something more than languages, and abstruse science, to be at- 
 tained by his child, or ward, whilst at college ? Can he be insensible 
 of the vast importance of early acquired manners ? Let him then be- 
 lieve all that with probability, can be told of those attentions. He 
 may nevertheless, be persuaded, that the respectable houses which 
 have been reported as the haunts of collegians, confer on them at least 
 the advantage of polishing their manners, and of preventing, in some- 
 instances, a more pernicious dissii)ation of their time. Besides, it can- 
 not be denied, that valuable connexions may be formed in the polite 
 societies, to which the address or good fortune of some of the students^ 
 has introduced them, and which prejudice or 'gnorance alone repre- 
 sent as baneful to the rising youth . 
 
 "And now, admitting that students have heretofore been allowed to 
 consume too much of their time in certain genteel, amiable circles of 
 society, is it to be imagined, that no remedy will be found for the 
 grievance ? The bare report through the country will be sufficient to 
 bring about a correction of the evil. 
 
 "The truth is, that in Annapolis, where every person is known to every 
 other, and whei-e there are constantly men unfriendly to the college, 
 viewing everything about it through the medium of prejudice, the con- 
 duct of a few irregular young men may fix a reproach on the whole 
 body of students, as well as the trustees and faculty. 
 
 "Can it be necessary to suggest to our intelligent fellow-citizens, 
 that final advantage, enjoyed by the students in St. John's College of 
 attending, at times, the debates in the General Assembly, and in the 
 several supreme courts ? It is at Annapolis, that listening to the elo- 
 quence of the bar, the Senate, and the House of Delegates, an in- 
 genuous ardent young man may catch the flame of patriotism, imbibe 
 a laudable ambition, and lay the best foundation for future eminence. 
 
 "Let us be permitted, then, barely to hint at a comparison between 
 this seminary and a college fixed in the country, or at an obscure - 
 place. What are the superior advantages to be derived from the lat- 
 ter ? It is, beyond a doubt, that youthful innocence will be there bet- 
 ter preserved ? No ! but the latter seminary is cheaper. This con- 
 sideration is indeed important to men of scanty fortune. But, to men 
 of easy circumstances, it surely cannot have weight sufficient to give- 
 ponderance to the scale, into which it is triumphantly thrown. We 
 will not pursue a subject, which may be invidious, further than by- 
 giving a plain, correct statement of expenses at St. John's College :
 
 313 ' ' T u E A N G I E N T City. ' ' 
 
 "Of a youth, boarding in the College Building, board, in- 
 cluding washing, fire and candle, both in the .public 
 and bed rooms £50 00 
 
 Tuition, fire- wood in the schools, pens and ink G 10 
 
 Total, £50 10 
 
 "To which add £3 to each boy in the higher classes learning French. 
 
 "At the last meeting of the trustees, it was resolved, that the next 
 summer vacation, every student entering the college, who has not in 
 Annapolis, a ]5arent, or guardian, or a friend wlio will give him board, 
 or in wliom his parent or guardian reposes a confidence, and who will 
 receive him as an inmate, shall board in the college l)uilding. And the 
 cases in which a dispensation is to be allowed are to be judged by the 
 principal. Inferior teachers, who are not married men, or house- 
 keepers, are likewise to board there, for the j)urpose of superintending 
 the students. Mr. Duke, the profosor of languages, already boards 
 there. All the rooms are spacious, airy, and convenient; and the 
 family which keeps the house is respectable, and affords such fare and 
 treatment in every respect, as ought to give satisfaction. Students 
 now boardin.g in private house are not to be compelled to board in the 
 college, although they are earnestly invited to make that exchange, 
 which must be salutary to themselves and to the in.stitution. 
 
 "We presume, that there are few seminaries in town, where the 
 whole expense, exclusive of cloaths, pocket money, and books, does 
 not exceed £56 10 or £59 10 0, and where a student siiall not, to the 
 mortification of himself and his fond parents, subsist scantily on un- 
 palatable food and be stinted even with respect to clean linen, &c. It 
 isceitain that whenever board is fixed too low, either it must in a 
 short time be raised, or the boarder must submit to hard fare, and 
 other inconvenience. 
 
 "Reports in jui-ious • to St. John's College have originated from an 
 unhappy difference between a teacher and a professor. We content 
 ourselves with remarking this most extraordinary circumstance, that 
 the professor, who is indeed eminent for his knowledge of the learned 
 languages, and who has voluntarily guided the college, without cen- 
 sures from the trustees, has lately been appointed to "an high station 
 in a seminary of rising importance and reputation, in the prosj)erity of 
 which every enlightened liberal citizen must feel an interest, although 
 he may not wish the downfall of St. John's College." 
 
 The faculty at this time was : 
 
 John McDowell, A. M.. Principal. 
 
 Reverend Ralph Higinbothom, Vice Prhicipal. 
 
 Rev. William Duke, Professor of Languages. 
 
 Mr. John Connell, Professor of English and Grammar. 
 
 Mr. Philip Curran, xVssistant Professor of English and Granunar. 
 
 Mr. Richard Owen, Master of Writing and Arithmetic. 
 
 Mr. Marin Detargny, Professor of French. 
 
 St. John's survived unscathed this attack of its enemies, and for 
 years realized the most sanguine hopes of its broad and liberal foun- 
 ders. Poets, jurists, scholars, and statesmen were sent forth from her 
 classic halls, "who have been the pride of her own and the admiration 
 of other States, and who have earned for the State reputation, 
 and reflected honor on their alma mader."
 
 History OF Annapolis. 213 
 
 From 1793, when the first class was c^raduated to 180G, there ap- 
 pears in the registry of the Alumini of the College, four Governors of 
 Maryland, one Governor of Liberia, seven Members of the Executive 
 Council, six United States Senators, five Members of the House of 
 Representatives, four Judges of the Court of Appeals, eight Judges of 
 other Courts, one Attorney-General, one United States Disti-ict At- 
 torney, one Auditor of the United States Treasurer, six State Senators, 
 fifteen Members of the House of Delegates, besides foreign Consuls, 
 Officers ri the Army and Navy, Physicians, and Sni-geons, and dis- 
 tinguislied Lawyers, including one Chancellor of South Carolina. 
 There were many others who left the College before completing its 
 course and engaged in agriculture and eoraraei-ce. 
 
 In 180G, thongli a political feud, the nature of which has not been 
 handed down to us, the State appropriations to St. John's and Wash- 
 ington College were withdi'awn. 
 
 The necessary buildings had been erected, the Professors appointed, 
 a number of young men from all parts of the State and from some of 
 the sister States had been drawn to it ; and thus, when the fondest 
 hopes of its friends were more than realized, the Legislature so far 
 ignored its solemn obligations as to pass an Act for the revocation of 
 the grant made to St. John's in the Act of incorporation. "Each party," 
 says Francis Scott Key, (the author of our great national hymn. '"The 
 Star Spangled Banner," and an alumnus of St. .John's.) referring to 
 this action of the General Assembly — "caught at the advantage 
 to be gained by the apparent popularity of the measure, and 
 the real interests and honor of the State were sacrificed by each." The 
 distinguished William Pinkxev, who eloquently, hut A^ainly, re- 
 monstrated against the passage of this Act, predicted that "the day 
 which witnessed the degradation of St. .John's College, in the very 
 dawn of its promise, would prove the dai'kest day Maryland had 
 known. ' ' For some time the usefulness of the college seems to have been 
 almost entirely destroyed, as no lists of graduates appear until 1810. 
 Nothing seems to have been done to repair what is now conceded to 
 have been a great wrong, until 1811, when the sum of SI. 000 was re- 
 stored. In 18.34, a lottery was granted to the college, the proceeds 
 of which, amounting to S20,000, were invested in bank stock, from 
 which an annual income of Si, 200 was derived, until about thirty 
 years afterwards, when the whole fund was expended in erecting a 
 dormitory for students and dwellings for professors. 
 
 It was not until 1833, that the Boai'd of Visitors and Governors of 
 the College, in a memorial to the General Assembly, having set forth 
 in a most clear and forcible way the unanswerable character of their 
 legal claim, the Legislature was led to increase the grant to S3, 000, 
 at the same time, however, providing that the Board should agree to 
 accept this sum "in full satisfaction "of all legal or equitable claims 
 which the College might have, or be supposed to have, against the 
 State." Here was. if not a plain ease of duress, at least a case of 
 "Might vs. Right." "There is no question,'' says President Garnett, 
 in 1880, "that' if, at any time before 1819, when' the Dartmoutli Col- 
 lege decision was rendered, and 1833. suit had been brought, the full 
 amount of the arrearages (then over $100,000) might have been re- 
 covered ; but, in defense of the Board of Visitors and Governors, it 
 may be said that they believed their rights were entirely in the power
 
 21i •'TheAnciextCity.'' 
 
 of the State and without any means of behig enforced ; so the deed of 
 release was executed and entered upon the records of theCoui-tof Ap- 
 peals. ' ' 
 
 The Board of Visitoi-s and Governors, however, having l)ecome con- 
 vinced of the arbitrary character of this settlement of their claim 
 against the State, submitted, in 1859, with the consent of the Legis- 
 lature, tlie following points to the decision of the Court of Appeals : 
 
 •'I. Whether the ap|)i"opriation 'nade in the charter constitutes a 
 contract on the part of tlie State which could not be legally repealed 
 by the Act of 1805. 
 
 "2. Whether this latter Act is not a violation of the Constitution 
 of the United States. 
 
 "3. Whether the charter constituted such a contract as. if entered 
 into between individual citizens, would be legally binding upon 
 them." 
 
 All three of these points (Vol. 15, Md. Reports p. 330) were unani- 
 mously decided in the affirmative. When, however, a few years 
 thereafter, suit was brought to recover tlie amount of their claim — 
 over S^^OO. 000. inclusive of interest — it was held by tlie Court that the 
 Board of Visitors and Governors could not avoid the release given in 
 1833, and the suit was accordingly decided against I hem. Inasmuch, 
 however, as eminent lawyers, among them the lion. Reverdy .John- 
 son, himself an alumnus of St. John's, maintained that under the 
 terms of the charter itself (Acts of 1784, Chapter 37, Section l(i), the 
 Board had transcended its powers in granting this release, measures 
 were taken for an appeal to the Supreme Court of tlie United States. 
 Pending this proceeding, however, the Board, feeling reluctant, as 
 they aOirmed, to seek redress for the wrongs of a Maryland College in 
 a trilmnal beyond its jurisdiction, addressed a memorial to the Legis- 
 lature of 186(3, in response to which, and, doubtless, in recognition of 
 this appeal to their sense of justice, the General Assembly appro- 
 priated the sum of .$13,000 anuuallv for five years from .June 1st, 
 1868. 
 
 Humphrey Hall, standing to the right of McDowell Hall, was erect- 
 ed in 1834, for the accommodation of students, a-^^d for the improving 
 and extending the library and philosophical apparatus of tlie institu- 
 tion. ••Tliis was done by the exertions of the Principal, Rev. Hector 
 Humpliveys, D. D., who by visits to different parts of the State, suc- 
 ceeded in obtaining donations aggregating over S12.000.'" 
 _ The building soon after its erection was described as being "de- 
 signed for one of the professors, and the students : there are twenty 
 private rooms in it, intended for the separate studies lor members of 
 the advanced classes, and two large dormitories for pupils in the pre- 
 paratory branches. A building like this had long been needed. It 
 will accommodate at least sixty students in all tlie departments." 
 
 During the war between the Federal Government and Seceded States, 
 the buildings and grounds of St. John's College were seized l)y the 
 Government for military purposes. Its comuKms were turned iiito a 
 camp, its halls into quarters, and its laboratory into a stable. During 
 this period the educational functions were suspended and the State's 
 appropriation withdrawn. It was revived and restored in an aggregate 
 sum by Chapter 101, Acts of 1866. 
 
 The College buildings were soon put in thorough repair, and Dr. 
 Henry Barnard, of Connecticut, late Commissioner of Education, was
 
 History of Annapolis. 215 
 
 .elected PriiieiiKil, bv whom the Collei;je was reopened in Septeniber, 
 18G6. 
 
 By Chapter 398. Acts of 1872, the College, in addition to the $3,000, 
 .already received it was giv^en a further grant of $12,000 per annum 
 for six years. This was a renewal of the grant of 18G8. 
 
 The same Act gave $5,000 for "increasing and improving the Col- 
 lege library, laboratory, philosophical apparatus and cabinet." This 
 Act also directed to be paid to the Visitors and Governor;^; of St. 
 John's "the sum of $10,000 per annum, payable quarterly, to be ap- 
 plied by them in furnishing board, fuel, lights, and washing, to two 
 •of the students, educated free of charge for tuition, from each Sena- 
 torial District of this State, and appointed by the Commissioners of 
 the Primary Schools, by and with the ads'ice and consent of the Sena- 
 tor in their respective Senatorial Districts, after a competitive exami- 
 nation of the candidates, provided, that the said appointment shall 
 not be held by the same student for more than four years, and that 
 
 ■ each student, receiving such appointment, sliall give his bond to the 
 State of 3Iaryland for such amount, witli such security, as may be 
 approved of by the Principal of said College that he will teach school 
 within this State for not less than two years after leaving College." 
 
 By Chapter 315. Acts of 1878, tiie appropriation ->f $12,000 addi- 
 tional to the $3,000 of coiitrac: was voted the College for two years ; 
 and the ten thousand to Senatorial Scholars was reduced to $7,500 
 per annum. The candidates for Senatorial scholarship, by this Act 
 were required to produce before tiie Scliool Commissioners of their 
 respective counties and the city of Baltimore "satisfactory evidence 
 .of their moral character and of their inability, orthe inability of their 
 parents, or guardians, to pay the regular College charges." 
 
 The appropriations of $7,500 per annum for Senatorial scholarships, 
 .and $3,000 for ge!:eral expenses continues to the present. 
 
 The College, during its existence of a century presents a long array of 
 honorable names that acknowledge St. John's as their alma mater. 
 Among tlu'm are : 
 
 Daniel Clarke, Associate Judge of the First Judicial District ; John 
 Done, Judge of the Ceneral Court, Judge of the Fourth Judicial Dis- 
 trict, and of the Court of Ap))ea]sof Maryland ; Clement Dorsey, Judge 
 of the First Judicial District ; Benjamin Ogle, Governor of Maryland ; 
 Ninian Piiikney, Clerk of the Executive C'^uncil, of the class of 1793 ; 
 Eichard Ilarwood. xVdjutant-General of Maryland ; John Carlisle Her- 
 bert, Meniber of Congress and Speaker of the House of Delegates of 
 Maryland ; Alexander Contee Magruder, Judge of the Court of Ap- 
 peals, Reoorter of the Decisions of the same Court ; John Seney and 
 John C. Weems, Members of Congress, of the class of 1794; Robert 
 H. Goldsborough, United States Senator ; Francis Scott Key. author 
 
 ■ of "Star Spangled Banner ;" John Ridgely, Sui-geon United States 
 Navy ; Washington Van Bibber, Member of Congress, of the class of 
 1796 : John Leeds Kerr. United States Senator ; John Tayloe Lomax. 
 Judge of the Court of Appeals of Virdnia. of the class of 1797 ; Alex- 
 ander Ilammett, Consul at Naples ; Thomas U. P. Charlton, Chancel- 
 lor of South Carolina : William'Rodgers. Surgeon United States Navy ; 
 Tobias Watkins. Auditor in United States Treasury, and Assistant 
 Surgeon United States Army : John Wilmot. Adjutant-General of 
 Maryland, of the class of 1798 : Thomas Beale Dorsey, Attorney-
 
 2lG -'The Ancient City.'' 
 
 General of Maryland and Chief of the Court of Appeals; Dennis 
 Claude, M. D., Treasurer of Maryland; George Washington Parke 
 Custis, of theclassof 1799 ; Nicholas Harwood. M. D., Surgeon United 
 States Navy ; George Maun, Lieutenant United States Navy ; James 
 Thomas, Governor of Maryland, of the class of 1800 ; James Murray, 
 Examiner General ; Charles W. Hanson, Judge of the Sixth Judicial 
 District ; Alexander C. Hanson, Member of the House of Kepresenta- 
 tives and United States Senator ; David Hoffman . Professor of Laws 
 in the University of Maryland ; Charles Sterrett Kidgely, Speaker of 
 the House of Delegates, class of l302;_John Contee, Lieutenant 
 U. S. Marine Corps ; William Grason, Governor of Maryland ; Christo- 
 pher Hughes, Charge to Sweden; Thomas Williamson, ' Suj-geon 
 United States Navy, of the class of 1804 ; George Mackubin, Treasurer 
 of Maryland ; Ji^hn Wesley Peaco, Surgeon U. S. Navy and Govc-rnor 
 of Liberia ; Daniel Randall, Deputy Paymaster General, U. S. Army ; 
 Hyde Ray, Surgeon U. S. Navy ; John R. Shaw, Purser U. S. Navy ; 
 Seth Switzer, Consul to Guayaquil ; William T. Wooton, Secretary of 
 State, of the class of 1806 ; Thomas Randall, J udge of tlie District 
 Court of Florida : John Ridout, Visitor and Governor ; John Gwina, 
 Captain L^. S. Navy ; William Latimer, Admiral L'. S. Navy ; Wil- 
 liam H. Marriott, Collector of the Port of Baltimore, of the class of 
 1810 : Nicholas Brewer, Judge of the Circuit Court of Anne Arundel ; 
 William Caton. Surgeon U. S. Navy ; Re verdy Johnson, United States 
 Senator, Attorney-General, of United States, Minister to England ; 
 David Ridgcly, State Librarian, author of ' ' Annals of An- 
 napolis," William Greenbury Ridgely, Chief Clerk in the Navy De- 
 partment at Washington ; .John Nelson Watkins Adjutant-General of 
 Maryland, of the class of 1811 ; Thomas S. Alexander, L. L. D., 
 George G. Brewer, Register of the Ijand Office ; .lohn Denny. Surgeon 
 United States Navy ; John Johnson, Clianeellor of Maryland : Laudon 
 Mercer, Lieutenant United States Navy ; Richard Randall, .M. D. 
 U. S. A., and Governor of Liberia ; Francis Thomas, Member of Con- 
 gress, Governor of Maryland, Minister to Peru ; Ramsay Waters, 
 liegister in Chancery ; John B. Wells, Surgeon in United States 
 Army ; George Wells, President of the Maryland Senate; William 
 Williams, M. D., President of the Maryland Senate, of the classes 
 from 1811 to 1821 ; Alexander Randall, Member of Congress ami At- 
 torney-General of Maryland, of the class of 1822 ; Nicholas Brewer, of 
 Johu. Adjutant-General of Maryland ; Burton Randall. Sur^'eon 
 United States Army, of the classes from 1822 to 182() : John Henry 
 Alexander, L. L. D. ; William Harwood, State Librarian. Professorat 
 the Naval Academy, School Examiner of Anne Arundel County; 
 William Pinkncy, Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Cliurcli'in 
 Maryland ; William H. Tuck, Judge of the Court of Appeals ; John 
 Bowie, Lieutenant United State Navy, of the class of 1827 ; John 
 Randall Hagner. Paymaster United States Army ; Thomas Karney, 
 Professor of Ethics and Librarian in the United States Naval Aca- 
 demy ; Ninian Pinkney, Medical Director, U. S. Navy ; Augustus 
 Bowie, Surgeon U. S. Navy : Sprigg Harwood. Clerk of the Circuit 
 Court : Johu H. T. Magruder, State Librarian ; Richard Swaun. State 
 Liln-ariau, of the class of 1830: Rev. Orlando Hutton. John Greene 
 Proud. Poet before the Alumni ; F. W. Green, Member of Congress ; 
 Peter V. Hagner, U. S. Army, of the class of 1834 ; Abram Claude, 
 Professor of Chemistry St. John's College. Mayor of Annapolis, of
 
 History or A x x a p o l i s . 217 
 
 the class of 1835 ; William R. Ilavward, Commissioner of the Land 
 Office ; Rev. Samuel Ridout, class of 1836 ; William Tell Claude ; 
 Henry H. Goldsboroucjh. President of State Convention of 1864, 
 Comijtroller, Judge of Eleventh Judicial Circuit ; Willia7n H. Thomp- 
 son, Professor of Grammar in St. Jolui's College : Marius Duvall, 
 Medical Director of the U. S. Navy : William E. Goodman, M. D. ; 
 Philip Lausdale, Medical Director U. S. Xavy ; William Levely, 
 Surgeon United States Army, of the class of 1888 ; Frederick 
 Stone, Judge of the Court of Appeals, of the class of 1839 ; Luther 
 Giddings, Major of rhe United States xVrmy ; George S. Hum- 
 phrey, Lieutenant, United States Army ; Richard Grason, Judge 
 of the Court of Appeals of Maryland, class of 1841 ; Llewellyn Boyle, 
 Lieutenant United States Army and State Librarian ; John Thomas 
 Hall. Lieutenant Uni;ed States Army; James Kemp Harwood, 
 Purser United States Navy ; Thomas A. MePai'lin, Surgeon 
 L'nited States Army ; John Schaaff Stookett, State Reporter of the 
 Court of Appeals, of the class of 1844; Nicholas Brewer, State Re- 
 porter of the Court of Appeals ; Richard M, Chase, Secretary of the 
 Naval Academy ; James Munroe. Mayor of Annnapolis, class of 1846 ; 
 James Shaw Friinklin, Clerk of the Court of Appeals ; Jo!m Mullan, 
 Captain United States Army ; diaries S, Winder, Captain U. S. 
 Army, and Brigadier General Confederate States Army ; class of 1847; 
 James Revell, State's Attorney for Anne Arundel County ; Thomas 
 J, Nelson, Paymaster U, S. Army, class of 1849 : Charles Brewer, 
 Surgeon in U." S. and C. S. Armies ; William Sprigg Hall, Judge of 
 the Court of Common Pleas for Ramsey County, Minnesota, class of 
 
 1852 : Daniel R. Magruder, Judge of the Court of Appeals, class of 
 
 1853 : Jolm H. Sellman. Paymaster United States Navy, Collector 
 Internal Revenue, class of i857 : Andrew G.' Chapman, Member of 
 Congress, class of 1858 ; John W. Brewer, Assistant Surgeon United 
 States Army : William Hersey Hopkins. Vice Principal of St, John's 
 College, President Female College of Baltimore, class of 1857 ; Samuel 
 T, McCullough, Lieutenant Confederaie States Army, class of 1800. 
 
 In 1857, there was added to St- John's College Pinkney Hall, con- 
 taining 46 rooms. When in tliorough repair it will accon^modate 
 140 to 150 students. Its floorings were greatly damaged during the 
 occupancy of the College by the United States troops in the civil war. 
 Its dimensions are 38 feet front, 95 feet deep, and is four stories. The 
 Gymnasium is in the rear of the space between ■ McDowell and Pink- 
 ney Halls. The two professors houses to the riglit ox Humphrey llall 
 were Vmilt in 1855, the fine doui4c house, intended for the use of the 
 Principal and Vice-Principal, was built in 1857. 
 
 The following was the faculty of 1886 : 
 
 Thomas J. Fell, University of London, England ; Acting President, 
 Professor of Ancient and Modern Laiiguages, and Lecturer on Me- 
 taphysics, Moral Philosophy and Evidences of Christianity : A. Sager 
 Hall, Graduate and Doctor of Philosophy of Michigan University, 
 Professor of Natural Philosopliy. Astronomy, Chemistry, Zoology and 
 Botany, and Lecturer on Mineralogy and Geology ; C. W. Reid, Pro- 
 fessor of the Greek and German Languages ; Cuarles W. Foster, U. 
 S. A., Professor of Military Science and Tactics, and Lecturer on In- 
 ternational and Constitutional Law ; J. H. Baker, Assistant Engineer 
 U. S. N., Professor of Higher Mathematics and Mechanical Engineer-
 
 218 "The Ancient Citt.'' 
 
 •in"- ; C. W. Caiiu Profes^sor of Mathematics and Acting Professor of 
 English Literature: C. ^Y. Pteid. Superintendent of the Preparatory- 
 Department and Librarian : J. E. W. Revell. Tutor in the Prepara- 
 tory Department ; John L. Chew, Tutor in the Preparatory Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 CHAPTER XLIV. 
 Preside.nt W'asiiixgt n's Visit to Annapolis. 
 
 On Friday morning. March 2.1th, 17.51, President Washington, ac- 
 companied only by his private Secretary, Major .Jackson, arrived in 
 Annapolis. Intelligence having been received of his intended em- 
 barkation at Koc'k Hall, he had been anxiously expected on Thursday 
 evening — Init the Governor, and several other gentlemen, who had 
 failed to meet liim. were compelled to return witiiout tidings. "The 
 vessel, which c nitained the chief treasure of America, did not enter 
 the river Severn until ten o'clock, in a dark tem|)estuous nisxlit. She 
 struck on a bar, or [)oint, within about a mile from the city; and although 
 they made a signal of distress, it was impossible, before day-light, to 
 go to her relief. The guardian angel of America was still watchful ; 
 and we are happy in assuring our countrymen that the health of their 
 dearest friend has not been at all aifected by an accidefit far more 
 distressing to those who were apprised, or rather aiJjirehensive. of his 
 situation, than to himself."-' 
 
 At 10 o'clock on the same day attended by the Governor, and a 
 number of respectable citizens, he visited St. .John's College, and ex- 
 pressed much satisfaction at the appearance of this rising seminary. 
 He then pursued his walk to the goverinnent house. At three o'clock 
 he sat down to a public dinner at ^Ir. Mann's with a numerous com- 
 pany of the inhabitants, and continued at table until there had been 
 circulated the following toasts, each of wliich was announced Ijy the 
 discharge of cannon — 
 
 1. The People of the United States ol America. 
 
 2. The Congress. 
 
 3. The dearest Friend of his Country. 
 
 4. The State of Maryland. 
 
 •5. Wisdom, .Justice and Harmony, in all our Public Councils. 
 
 6. Agriculture Manufactures, Commerce and Learning: may they 
 flourish with Virtue and true Religion. 
 
 7. The King of the French. 
 
 8. The National Assem^tly of France. 
 
 y. The Sieur la Fayette, and the other generous Friends to America 
 in the day :f her Distress. 
 * Md. Gaz lie.
 
 History ok Annapolis. 319 
 
 10. To all those who have fallen iu the Cause of America. 
 
 11. The Patriots of Nations and Ages. 
 
 12. The Powers of Europe friendly to America. 
 
 13. May all the inhabitant'i of the Earth be taught to consider each 
 other as Fellow Citizens. 
 
 14. The Virtuous Daughters of xVmerica. 
 
 15. The Perpetual Union of distinct Sovereign States vnider an effi- 
 cient Federal Head. 
 
 On Saturday the President again dined with a large company at the 
 Government House ; and in the evening his presence enlivened a ball, 
 at which was exhibited everything which the little city contained of 
 beauty and elegance. 
 
 The little city was in a whirl of delightful excitement during the 
 entire stay of its illustrious visitor, all care seemed suspended, and 
 tlie inhabitants of the whole town were made "hap: y in contemplating 
 liim wjiom they considered as their fastest friend, as well as the nrost 
 exalted of tlieir f(;llow -citizens, and the first of men." 
 
 Oil Sunday, the 27t]i. the President loft Aiuiajwli:! on horseback, 
 escorted, as far as Soutli liiver, by a company of gentlemen. Here 
 the most of them took leave of him. but Governor Plater accompanied 
 him to Georgetown, where the President stayed some days before he 
 began his arduous and patriotic journey through the Southern States. 
 
 A pleasant outgrowth of President Washington's visit to Annapolis 
 was the following correspondence : 
 
 Annapolis. April 7th. 
 
 To The Prrskleiit of the UnUed St.afe>i. 
 
 Sir: — We. the Faculty of St. John's College, beg leave to express 
 the sincere joy which the honour of your presence in our infant semi- 
 nary afforded us. In common witii all . those who superintend the 
 education of youth, we must feel a lively gratitude to the defender of 
 liberty, the guardian of his country, and consequently the great patron 
 of literature. But as this seminary was begun since the united voice 
 of our America called yon to preside over its most important interests, 
 and ensure to them the continuance of those blessings which your 
 calm foresight and steady fortitude hadbc-en the happy means of pro- 
 curing, it seems in a peculiar manner to look up to you with filial 
 respect. That it dates its birth from this grand era, which has placed 
 you at the head of fifteen distinct Sovereign States united into one 
 mighty reputilic, is regarded ])y its friends as an auspicious circum- 
 stance and flattering assurance of its future eminence and usefulness. 
 To the friend of virtue and his country, the rise of a college, where 
 the youth of generations, yet unborn, may be taught to admire and 
 emulate the great and good, must give a heart felt delight, as they 
 promise perpetuity to the labours and renown of the patriot and hero. 
 
 Our earnest prayers, that a kind Providence may constantly watch 
 •over you, and preserve a life, long, indeed, already, if measured by 
 deeds of worth and fullness of honors, but too sliort as yet for your 
 •country. 
 
 Signed in belialf, and at the request, of the Faculty. 
 
 John McDowell, President, 
 To the Farnlty of St. John's College, 
 
 Gentlemen :— The satisfaction which I have derived from my visit
 
 •220 ''The Ancient City." 
 
 ■ ) your infant seminary, is expressed with real pleasure, and my wishes 
 'jr its progress to perfection are preferred with sincere regard. 
 The very promising appearance of its infancy must flatter all its 
 
 • liends (among whom I entreat you to class me) with the hope of an 
 
 • arly. and at the same time, a mature manhood. 
 
 You will do justice to the sentiments, wliich your kind regard 
 
 towards myself inspires, by believing that I reciprocate the good 
 
 wishes contained in your address, and 1 sincerely hope the excellence 
 
 ,.f ,-,,,.■,■ ^...viinaay will be manifested in T'^^ Morals and science of the 
 
 ;ii'e favored with your cai; . 
 
 iiiiE Washington. 
 
 President Washington gave a proof of his friendly sentiments to- 
 wards St. John's by" installing his ward, George Washington Parke 
 ' ustis, as a stvidentin the institution. Two nephews of Washington 
 ..ere also students of the College, 
 
 CHAPTER XLY. 
 
 (/iiiiOXiCLES OF Annapolis fp.o.m 1777 to 1810. 
 
 [1777.] The General Assembly, at its Pebiuary Session, 1777, 
 passed a resolution, under which the Court of Appeiils was to be com- 
 posed of five Judges. The first Judges were Benjamin Ramsey. Chief 
 Judge ; Benjamin Maekall, Thomas Jones, Solomon Wright, James 
 Murray, Associates. They were appointed December 12th, 1778. 
 
 The Acts of February Session, 1777, Chapter 15, made the "Talbot 
 Court House" and Annapolis, the places of tlie meeting of the Pro- 
 vincial Court, afterward changed into tlic General Court. It was a 
 Court of original jurisdiction. Tlie first Judges, appointed March 9th, 
 1778, were William Paca, Chief Judare ; Nicholas Thomas and x\.lex. 
 Contee Hanson, Associate Judges. This Court met in the room which, 
 in the State House, gave place to, and is now occupied in i)art bv the 
 State Library. 
 
 [1783.] In 1783, one I. Chalmers, a goldsmith, of Annajjolis. INIary- 
 land, issued silver tokens as a speculative ventui-e of his own. They 
 consisted of sliillings, six-pences. and three-pences, now ivve. the two 
 smaller pieces particularly so. Dr. John David Schoff, who visited 
 this county in 1783-4, gives the following account of these coins : 
 
 "In the United States, Annapolis has'the honor of having :urnished 
 the first silver money for small change, A goldsmith of '"this place 
 corns on his own account, though with the consent of thegover:,ment. 
 After the depreciation of the paper money, it became customary and 
 necessary, throughout America, to cut the Spanish dollars, in two, 
 four and more pieces for change. This dividing became soon a pro- 
 fitable business in the liands of expert cutters who knew how to cut 
 five quarters, or nine and ten eighths out of a round dollar, so that 
 shortly every one refused to take this kind of mnnev otlicrwise tlian
 
 History OF Annapolis. 221 
 
 by weight or at discretion. To get over this embarrassment the said 
 goldsmith assists in getting the angular pieces out of circulation, by 
 taking them in exchange, with a considerable advantage to himself, 
 for pieces of his own coinage."* 
 
 [1783.] At Washington's reception, the day before he resigned his 
 commission, Mr. Maun furnished the supper at the State" House. 
 Ninety-eight bottles of wine, two and a-half gallons of spirits, nine 
 pounds of sugar, a lot of limes, music and waiters, and a dozen packs of 
 cards were supplied, and the Governor directed Col. Mills of the An- 
 napojis Coffee House, to furnish the people with punch and grog to 
 the value of £10 10s. 
 
 [178o.] The festivities of the day that celebrated peace between 
 England and Auierica were substantial. The State bought that day 
 from James Makubbiu a hogshead of rum (IIG gallons at 6s. 6d. per 
 gallon) and from George Mann, 49 gallons of claret, S2 gallons of Ma- 
 deria, 'So port, G of spirit. It also purchased lolb of loaf sugar, ITGlb 
 of bacon, 2841b of salt beef, 52ft) of shoat, 12G11j of mutton, 27211j of 
 veal, I88tb of beef, 7 lambs and 12 fowls. For the ball that closed 
 the day there were 8 gallons of wme, 4 of spirits, beef, hams, tongues, 
 chickens, turkeys, tarts, custards, cheese-cakes, 502 loaves of bread, 
 24 shillings worth of cards, and a box of candles. The State had to 
 pay Mr. Mann for 35 knives and 29 'forks lost, and 28 plates, 43 wijie 
 glasses, 1 dish, Gl broken bottles — an index of what a day it was. 
 
 [1786.] Noah Webster, the lexicographer, began his life-work as 
 an itinerant lecturer on the English language.! This was in 1786, in 
 which course he visited the principal cities of America, Annapolis 
 being one of the places in which he lectured. 
 
 In 1787, William Clark, established a stage route between Balti- 
 more and Annapolis. The coach ran three times a week. It set out 
 from Annapolis every Monday, Wednesday and Friday precisely at 
 five o'clock in the morning. On tlie return it started from Mr. Wm. 
 Evans at the Golden Bacchus, the corner of Calvert and Banks streets, 
 in Baltimore, on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, precisely at five 
 o'clock ia the moi*ning. Fare — loshillings, way passengers, six-pence 
 per mile. 
 
 December 6th. a lady, whose name was not gi-ven, delivered a lecture 
 on "Poetry" in the Ball Room. 
 
 [1788.] In 1788, .Judge Samuel Chase, removed from Annapolis to 
 Baltimore, on the urgent solicitation of Col. Howard, a large property- 
 liolder, who, as an inducement to reside in Baltimore, offered Mr. 
 Chase one full square for city building lots, if he would make Balti- 
 more his residence. The offer was accepted, the property was con- 
 veyed to him, and is now within the heart of the city, a valuable estate. 
 It remains in the possession of the descendants of Judge Chase. 
 
 While on a visit to Baltimore, towards the close of the Revolu- 
 tionary War. he stopped, from curiosity, in a debating society, where 
 he was astonished at the eloquence of a young man. He proved to be 
 a druggist's clerk- Judge Chase ascertained the young man's name, 
 searched him out, and advised him to study law. The young man 
 disclosed to his admirer that poverty was an insurmountable difficulty 
 in the way. Mr. Chase oifered him at once the use of his library and 
 
 « Seharf's History ot Md. vol. 1. ps. 178-179-lSO. 
 T Applelon's EncyclopediH, vol. IS. p. 53o.
 
 223 "The Ancient City.'' 
 
 at his scat table. The offer was accepted with sfratitude, the young 
 man pursued a course of legal studies, and, on his admission to the 
 bar, passed his examination with marked ability. That obscure young 
 dru"- clerk was afterward the distinguished William Pinkney. 
 
 [1788.] The (iazcni' of date of January 8lst, publishes a list of 
 seventeen vessels that had arrived at Annapolis. The magnitude and 
 the importance of the commerce of this port are evidenced by the fact 
 that one vessel was from each of the following places : 
 
 Barbadoes, Limington, Demarara, Aux-Cays, Amsterdam, Dublin, 
 St. Croix, Salem, Belfast Port-au-Prince, Charleston, St. Bartho- 
 lomews, Rhode Island and Norfolk ; and three from New York. 
 
 Nicholas Carroll and Alexander Contee Hanson were elected dele- 
 gates to represent Annapolis in the Convention called to determine 
 whether Maryland would accfde to the proposed plan of a Confederate 
 Government for the States. The Convention met at Annapolis Mon- 
 day, April 21st, and on the following Thursday by a vote of 03 
 to" 11, passed a resolution that "the Convention assent to and 
 ratify the proposed plan of federal govei'nment for the United 
 States." The nays on this important question form an interesting 
 morsel of history. They were .Jeremiah T. Chase, John T. Mercer, 
 Benjamin Harrison, Charles Ridgely, Charles Ridgely , of Wm. , Edward 
 Cockey, Nathan Cromwell, John Love, Willia-n Pinkney, and Luther 
 Martin. 
 
 The first ballot for the first United States Senators from Maryland, 
 took place at Ainiapolis on December !). The two houses met in joint 
 session and it required a majority of the members in attendance to 
 elect. There were thirteen Senators present and seventy members of 
 the House of Delegates. Forty-two votes were necessary to elect. 
 On the first ballot, John Henry received 41 ; George Gale 41 ; Ninah 
 Forrest 41 ; Charles Carroll 40 : The second ballot resulted, Henry 
 43 ; Gall 40 ; Carroll 41 : Forrest 41. The Assembly then adjourned 
 until Wednesday the 10th. On this day the first ballot resulted 
 Charles Carroll 43 ; Ninah Forrest 39. 
 
 [1789.] On Tuesday, the 13th, of October, the Jockey Club of An- 
 napolis had its fall races. The forty guinea purse was w. n by Mr. Wm. 
 Morgan's black horse Shakespere. The foO purse by Mr, John Lee 
 Gibson's bay mare Cub, and the £30 stake by Mr. Wm. Campbell's 
 bay horse Sloven. 
 
 [1790.] On Monday, February 11, about three o'clock in the after- 
 noon the "Government House," (the Governor's residence,) was set 
 on fire by a defective chimney. The citizens promptly repaired to it 
 and extinguished the fire after it had injured the second story. Messrs. 
 Andrew Brown, Alex. Thompson, James M'Faden, Dennis Dunning, 
 John Sullivan, Patrick Dunn, Cornelius Wesr, Thomas Clark and 
 Charles Caton displayed judicious zeal in repairing to the roof and 
 cutting a hole in which so as to admit the free passage of water by which 
 the fire was extinguished. 
 
 The same day, (old style,) was celebrated as the birthday of 
 General Washington. An elegant dinner was set at Mann's Hotel, 
 by which the Governor, citizens, and strangers honored the illus- 
 trious hero. The Gazette, warms with the "scene and says "it ex- 
 hibited a striking, picture of social and elevated joy. The name 
 of Washington operated like a charm upon the minds and spirit 
 of the whole company. Reverence, gratitude, and love were depicted
 
 History OF Annapolis. 223 
 
 on every face, and the affections of the lieart were ilisclosed in 
 all the exrernal expressions of ardent passions. The powers of 
 beauty could only complete this joyful festival. And these were 
 not wanting, for, at the evening assembly, the animating presence of 
 the ladies gave a fresh spur to the feelings of tlieday. ^'ioe le Presi- 
 dent shone in the countenance, was inscribed in the dress, and en- 
 graved on the heart of every fair attendant. In a word such an occa- 
 sion alone could excite feelings so general, and so sincere." After 
 dinner a gentleman favored the company with an original song, de- 
 picting the birth of Washington at the command of Jove. 
 
 [1790.] Henry Ridgely, of Annapolis, on >J^ovember 9, was elected 
 one of the Governor's Council. 
 
 In the Maryland Gazette\s issue of November 11, appeared a com- 
 munication, signed "A Freeman," which strongly denounced negro 
 slavery. 
 
 On the 16th of November, Daniel of St. Thomas .lenefer, a promi- 
 nent citizen of Annapolis, died aged 07 years. 
 
 Charles Carroll, of Carrolton, was re-elected Senator of the United 
 States. 
 
 On December 9, a communication signed "Citizen" appeared in the 
 Gazette in which the writer wanted the firing of guns in the streets 
 on Christmas Day broken up. The practice, however, obtains to this 
 day. 
 
 [1792.] On Friday, the 10th of February, Governor George Plater 
 died in Annapolis. In his public character which began with 
 his earliest manhood, and terminated with his death, he was 
 the firm advocate of the rights of man, and was distinguished 
 by warm and zealous adherence to the principles of the Ameri- 
 can Revolution. In private life, he lived an honest man aiid was 
 above suspicion in the transactions of business. "He was warm 
 in his atfections and unbounded in his philanthropy." His remains 
 were attended the next day by the honorable members of the council, 
 the officers of State, and a numerous company of citizens to South 
 River, on the way to Sotterly, his seat in St. Mary's county. James 
 Brice, being the first name of the Governor's Council, became Gover- 
 nor. 
 
 In January, 179'> the Lodge of Antient York Ma«ons, installed at 
 their Lodge-room in the city of Annapolis in due foi-m, by authority of 
 Peregrine Letherbury, esq., grand-master of Maryland, and who have 
 entitled themselves the Amanda Lodge, assembled to celebrate St. 
 John's the Evangelist, A. L. 5792, at the house of Mr. Vachel Stevens, 
 where, "with Masonic and convivial happiness, whilst decorum and 
 philanthropy presided at their meeting, they drank the following 
 toasts :" 
 
 1. Our Sxtblime brother, the president of the United States. 
 
 2. The Day. 
 
 3. Our grand-master of Maryland, Peregrine Letherbury, Esq., 
 
 4. The Amanda Lodge. 
 
 5. The P. grand-master of Maryland, .John Coates, Esq., 
 
 6. Our Masonic brethern. 
 
 7. The United States. 
 
 8. The Secretai'y of State. 
 
 9. The Governor of Maryland. 
 10. The Chancellor of Mainland .
 
 00.1 ''The Ancient City.'' 
 
 11. Tlie Chief Judge of Maryland. 
 
 12. Col. Francis Mercer. 
 
 1,3. The National Assembly of France. 
 On Februarv 22nd. one of the Annapolis packets on its war to lial- 
 tiraore. uiiset oif Masothy river, and the following persons from An- 
 napolis were drowned : Mr. Thomas Pryfe, saddler ; Mr. John Ross, 
 Mr .lohn Hammond, Mr. Benjamin Buckland, cabinet-makers : Mr. 
 Thomas Carstin. and Mr. Wm. Lockerman, owners of the vessel : and 
 Mr. James Denning, Mr. Thomas CoaLo of GreensV)ury's Point, and a 
 colored boy were also drowned. There were ten persons on tlie ves- 
 sel and nine were drowned. 
 
 On February 24th, Thomas Dance, a plasterer of Annapolis, whilst 
 at work on the inside of the dome of the "Stadt-honse," made a false 
 step, and fell to the floor. He died in a few hours. 
 
 July 31st. The Mnse's flame was lit by adorers to Inirn incense to 
 their 'idols in ancient Annapolis as well as in the modern day-. In 
 the Gazette of July 31st, appears the following acrostic : 
 "Skilled in science, formed witlioutart to please. 
 As bright as glory, yet as mill as ease, 
 Refined in politeness, as in carriage nice, 
 Altho's she's fair, she's diffident tho's wise, 
 Her brilliant eyes a hermit would entice. 
 Merry, tho' not light : against flattery a test, 
 Unknown to intrigue, of female fair the best. 
 Range from the Northern to the Southern pole 
 Retrace your footsteps, e'en pervade the whole. 
 And view the beauties of each various clime 
 You'll see none so fair, as ray nymph divine !'' 
 [1795.] There lived at Annapohs at this period, one William Caton, 
 ■a hair-dresser and barber, whose chief claim to renown is that he 
 shaved General Washington. Caton was an unctions tradesman, and 
 when he opened a grocery and dry-goods store, he closed his adver- * 
 tisement with : 
 
 "The said Caton, actuated by a due regard to the sacred principles ^j 
 of gratitude, tenders his grateful thanks for that liberal patronage ^* 
 which a generous and indulgent public has offered him, and he flatters 
 himself, that, while his mind is animated by a lively sense of preced- 
 ing favors, his future conduct will entitle him to the claims of universal 
 approbation." 
 
 [1800.] On Sunday, Januaiy 28th, the Almshouse, a large and 
 commodious buildii.g, near Annapolis, burned down. None of the 
 inmates were injured. 
 
 Saturday, the 22d of February, by proclamation of the Governor, 
 observed at Annapolis, "as a day of mourning, humiliation and 
 prayer," in respect to the memory oi' Gen. Washington. The officials 
 of State, City and College, the military and citizens, attended church 
 in a body. Rev. Mr. Higinbotbem preached in the morning and Rev. 
 Mr. Roberts in the afternoon. 
 
 The text in the morning was "It is appointed for all men once to 
 die." In the afternoon, "Know ye not that there is a Prince and a 
 Great Man fallen this day in Israel." 
 
 Act 75, of the session of 1880, was a supplemental Act to an Act 
 to lay out and establish a road from the city of Annapolis to the city 
 ■ of Washington, and to repeal the Act therein mentioned.
 
 History of Annapolis. 325 
 
 [1801 . ] In October, Allen Quynn and Richard Kidgely were elected 
 to represent Annapolis in the Legislature. 
 
 In December of this year the proprietor of the Gazette had to de- 
 fend himself against sla'.ulerous reports circulated about the partiality 
 of his charges to some of his Federal friends, whilst he made his de- 
 mands very heavy upon the Republicans who brought him printing. 
 Mr. Green was thoroughly vindicated by the Republicans who were 
 charged to have suffered. 
 
 [1802.] Act 104, of the Acts of 1803, was an Act to vest the funds 
 heretofore belonging to the Rector, Governor, Trustees, and Visitors 
 of King William School, in the city of Annapolis, in the Visitors and 
 Governors of St John's College. 
 
 Allen Quynn and Richard Ridgely were elected Delegates to the 
 Maryland Legislature from Annapolis. > 
 
 [1803.] On Saturday, September 15th, thei'e was given a dinner at 
 Mrs. Urquhart's spring where a discussion of politics followed by can- 
 didates for the Legislature. This is the first notice found of the 
 present barbecue. 
 
 On the 8th of November, 1803, Allen Quynn died at the ripe age of 
 77 years. He had been a member of the Legislature of Maryland for 
 35 years, and it is not out of place, to presume that his age was the 
 cause of his retirement from service in the General Assembly. 
 
 [1804.] In the Gazette of February 16th, a writer who signed him- 
 self Juvenus, and who declared lie desired to imitate Addison and 
 Steele in correcting the foil)les of his fellow-citizens, took up the cus- 
 tom of whittling, Avhich he condemned as a destruction of property 
 prevalent in Annapolis. 
 
 On the Frigate Philadelphia, which was captured in the Tripolitan 
 harbor, October 31st, by the Tripolitans, Dr. John Ridgely, of An- 
 napolis, was surgeon. Dr. Ridgely was taken with sixty-three 
 other Americans to prison in Tripoli. V/hilst there, he was sent for 
 by the Governor to attend his sick daughter. On the convalescence of 
 the patient, the Governor graciously offered his daughter in marriage 
 to the young American. This honor, having an affianced at home, he 
 had to decline. The Governor then offered the Surgeon the freedom 
 of the city. This the gallant doctor refused unless his companions 
 were also allowed their liberty. When Dr. Ridgely returned to An- 
 napolis, he brought with him a fine white Arabian horse and other 
 valuable gifts which Jiad been presented to him by the grateful Gov- 
 ernor.* 
 
 In August the articles of association to establish the Farmers' Bank 
 of Annapolis were first printed. The Bank contemplated fifteen 
 directors and a president. The solicitors for subscription to the capital 
 stock at Annapolis were John Gibson, James Williams, John Muir, 
 Robert Denny, Lewis Duvall, and William Alexander, and books were 
 opened in every county in the State. The plan contemplated a pow- 
 erful Maryland ^rtro/e banking institution. 
 
 In Mayi^ 1805, the Act of Assembly to incorporate the Farmers' Bank 
 of Maryland was passed. There were an Annapolis subscription com- 
 mittee and an Easton committee. Thomas J. Bullitt, John Leeds Kcer, 
 Hall Harrison, Bennett Wheeler, Joseph Haskins, Wm. Mealing, James 
 
 •Related to me ny his niece Mrs. Kiiza Bonsall, then, 1880, in her Si'nd 
 year. 
 
 15
 
 226 *'Thk Ancient City.'' 
 
 Earle, Jr., constituted the executive body to organize the bank. The 
 books were opened July 16th, and in two days 1690 shares of the two 
 thousand alloted to Annapolis were subscribed. On August 15th, 
 the election for directors to the bank took place. The following were 
 elected directors : John Gibson, Arthur Shaaff, John F. Mercer, 
 Richard H. Harwood, James Maccubin, Horatio Ridout, William 
 Stewart, Louis Duvall, for Annapolis and Anne Arundel County ; 
 William Wilkerson, for Calvert County ; Robert Bowie, for Prince 
 George's County ; Henry H. Chapman, for Charles County ; Wm. 
 Somerville, for St. Mary's County ; Thomas Davis, for Montgomery 
 County ; John Tyler, for Frederick County ; Lusby Tilghman, for 
 Washington County ; James J. Wilkerson, for Baltimore County ; 
 Benedict E. Hall, for Harford County ; Upton Brioe, for Allegany 
 County. The directors elected John Muir, of Annapolis, president 
 of the bank. The bank at Easton was organized at the same time, 
 directors elected, and Nicholas Hammond made president. 
 
 At the Annapolis Theatre, in August, 1805, Alfonso, King of Castile, 
 Love-a-La-Mode, or the Humors of the Turf, were played, also Hearts 
 of Oak and Raising the Wind, the Cure for the Heart-Ache, with the 
 Tale of Mystery were played. 
 
 At the election October 4th, for two Members of the House of Dele- 
 gates for Annapolis, the following was the vote : John Muir, 188 
 votes ; Arthur Shaff, 171 ; Thomas Jennings, 70. 
 
 October 5th, General John Hoskins Stone was buried at Annapolis 
 with military honors. Among the participants were officers of the 
 Revolutionary Army and members of the Society of Cincinnati. 
 
 [1804.] May 3rd, the Gazette adopted the present style of editorial 
 sub-head. 
 
 This year a lottery was inaugurated to raise money to improve the 
 streets of Annapolis, to purchase "a large and forcible fire-engine, 
 and to deepen the basin." 
 
 As a matter of local interest the names of the managers are ap- 
 pended : James Williams, Absalom Ridgely, Wm. Alexandria, John 
 Barber, Joseph Sands, Lewis Neth, Jonathan Pinkuey, John Shaw, 
 Frederick Green, Frederick Grammer, John Muir, William Caton. 
 
 [1807.] Nicholas Brewer was appointed Register of the Court of 
 Chancery in May. 
 
 On the 29th of June, a pubUc meeting was held in Annapolis, at 
 which resolutions were passed denouncing the attack of the British 
 Frigate Leopard, upon the U. S. Ship Chesapeake, on the 32nd of June, 
 off Norfolk, and promising to "support such measures as should be 
 adopted by the Government." The participants refused also to have 
 any intercourse with British vessels and appointed the following com- 
 mittee to carry out the resolutions : Governor Robert Wright, John 
 T. Shaff, Jeremiah T. Chase, Reverdy Gheselin, Wm. Kilty, John 
 Gassaway, Nicholas Carroll, Richard H. Harwood, John Muir, Lewis 
 Duvall, Burton Whetcroft, and Nicholas Brewer. 
 
 On the 4th of July following, the city celebrated the day in an 
 unusually animated manner. The tenth toast drank was : "The 
 memory of our unfortunate citizens who fell in the late wanton and 
 dastardly attack on the Chesapeake— may their brother tars be readr 
 to avenge it." 
 
 On the 26th of August, 1807, information was received at Annapolis 
 that a piracy had been committed in the Chesapeake, 30 miles below
 
 History OF Annapolis. 237 
 
 the city, by a French pirate, in the capture of the ship Othello, Cap- 
 tain Glover, bound to Baltimore. 
 
 The "Holy-Hawk," packet, with two brass four-pounders, under com- 
 mand of Captain Muir of the artillery, and Captain Duvall of the in- 
 fantry, with a detachment of their respective companies, armed with 
 muskets and boarding pikes, accompanied by a boat from the 'L'Eole,' 
 (then lying in our harbor,) with thirty-three volunteers, French and 
 American under the command of Lieutenant Mann, of the United 
 States Xavy, and an officer of the 'L'Eole,' sailed in pursuit of the 
 pirate. They proceeded some distance down the bay, but returned 
 without encountermg the bold buccanneer. Captain Samuel and John 
 Sterrett, in conjunction with Captain Porter, of the United States 
 Navy, were more successful, and the pirate was captured and taken to 
 Baltimore. Five of the crew, who had passed through Annapolis, 
 were captured by our citizens a short distance from town. These 
 were also taken to Baltimore. Such was the pitch of popular excite- 
 ment over this affair that a high official gravely informed the captors 
 of these five unarmed Frenchmen "that they deserved well of their 
 country." 
 
 [1808.] Congressman Van Horn, on the 12th of January, presented 
 a memorial from the Mayor, Aldermen, Common Council, and citizens 
 of Anna[)olis, urging the great importance of the place to the trade 
 of the Chesapeake, and praying Congress to take measures to have 
 suitable fortifications erected there. The petition was referred to the 
 Secretary of War. In March, proposals were advertised for the pur- 
 chase of 100.000 good bricks, 200 tons of good foundation stone, and 
 2,000 bushels of good shell lime for the fortification of Annapolis. 
 
 The advertisement was signed by John Randall. 
 
 The Annapolis United Guards were at this time perfecting themselves 
 in the military art. 
 
 The First Volunteer Company also drilled at this period. 
 
 On Monday, the 3rd of October, the city election for two delegates 
 to the Legislature took place. It resulted, John Muir, 162 ; James 
 Boyle. 138 ; A. C. Magruder, 111. 
 
 [1809.] In May, counterfeits on the Farmers' Bank appeared. They 
 were Si notes clumsily altered into $10. 
 
 [1810.] On the oOth of August, John Muir, president of the Farmers' 
 Bank, died in the 60th year of his age. He was a native of Scotland 
 but came to America when quite young. He was a warm advocate of 
 American Independence, and took an active part in the Revolution. 
 He represented Annapolis six years in the Legislature. He enjoyed a 
 high reputation for charity, patriotism, and particularly for devotion 
 to the interests of Annapolis. 
 
 Mr. Absalom Riigely, an Annapolis merchant of the seventeenth 
 century, appears to have been a public-spirited citizen. The follow- 
 ing is extracted from the Annapolis Council proceedings of the 10th of 
 May, 1788 : 
 
 "The committee, appointed to report on the petition of Absalom 
 Ridgely, made the following report, viz : 
 
 "We, your committee, appointed for the purpose of examining the 
 situation of Prince George's street, adjoining Mr. Ridgely's, do report, 
 that the filling up and completing the said street, will be both useful 
 and necessary and beg leave to recommend an acceptance of the terms
 
 238 ''The Ancient City. '' 
 
 for filling up and coinpleating the work of said street oflt'ered by Mr.- 
 Ridgely, which we have herewith transmitted for your consideration 
 and approbation. 
 
 ''Mr. Aljsaloin Ridgely's p7-oposition : 
 
 "To the worshipful the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and Common 
 Councilmen of the City of Annapolis. The proposal of Absalom 
 Ridgely, to fill the public wharf at the end of Prince George's street, 
 as far as the logs that are now down. 
 
 "Your proposer will undertake at hi^ o\vti immediate expense to fill 
 in the wharf aforesaid, in any manner that shall be directed, by the 
 corporation or a committee thereof, will engage laborers for that 
 purpose upon the most reasonable terms they can be procured for ready 
 money. Will deepen the water in front as much as possible l)y throw- 
 ing the mud at low tides within the logs. Will superintend the work 
 himself without any compensation, that it may done as expeditiously 
 as possible, and will wait for reimljursements of the expence in which 
 he means to include the cost of the wharf logs, until it willanijily suit 
 the conveniency of the corporation to repay it without interest. Or 
 if the corporation would rather choose to employ persons themselves 
 for the above purposes, he will advance the money and wait for the 
 return of it as afoi-esaid. 
 
 "The corporation, taking :,he same into consideration, do accept the 
 first proposal of Mr. Al isalom Ridgely. ' ' 
 
 CHAPTER XLYI. 
 
 The x^xcient Regime Disappears. 
 
 [1790.] Annapolis began to slough its distinctive features asa town 
 of the colonial regime soon after the close of the revolution, though 
 traces of these earlier customs remained until near the middle of the 
 present century. One of the attempts of the friends of the capital to ad- 
 vance Its importance was the establishment of it-- Court of Hustings. 
 It excited at the time, 1708, the envy of the Anne Arundel officials 
 and a compromise of duties, no doubt born of a struggle for fees had 
 1°;'^ ^^^^ between the city's and county's sheriff and other officers, 
 before the right was given the Mayor to hold a court. 
 
 The duties of this court are indicated by a leaf from its docket :* 
 
 "At a ineeting of the Mayor's Court on Tuesday, the 3Gth day of 
 January, 1/90. •' 
 
 Were Present : 
 "Xicholas Carroll, Esq., Mayor. 
 "Allen Quynn, ^ 
 
 "Robert Conden, I Esqrs., Aldermen. 
 ••John Bullen, j 
 * -Minute Book of ti.e Mtiyor's Court, .vISS. p. 25.
 
 History of Annapolis. 229 
 
 "Mr. George Jennings is admitted an Attorney of this Court, and 
 qualifies as sucli in the usual manner. 
 "The Court adjourns till 3 o'clock. 
 "Post Meridien, the Court met. 
 
 Present : 
 "Nicholas Carroll, Esq., Mayor. 
 "Allen Quynn, ^ 
 
 "James Briee, > Esqrs., Aldermen. 
 "Robert Conden, J 
 "The Sheriff makes return of his pannel of Jurors, out of which, the 
 Court appoint the following as Grand Jurors, to wit : 
 
 "Beriah Ma ybury, Foreman, "Thomas Simpson, 
 
 "Josejih Clark, "John Long, 
 
 "Henry Whetcroft, "Joseph Howies, 
 
 "William Middleton, "Gilbert Middleton, 
 
 "Thomas Dalziell, "Alexander Thompson, 
 
 "Josej)h Burneston, . "William Wells, 
 
 "Richard Frazicr, "George Johnson, 
 
 "John Hannah, 
 
 "John Hyde— Bailiff. 
 "Who, being sworn and charged, retire to their chamber and after- 
 wards return and present to the court the following presentments, to 
 wit: 
 
 "Richard Thompson, Jr., for an assault on free negro Tom ; same, 
 for an assault on Wm. Williams ; John Keith, lor an assault on free 
 negro Ton; ; James Reid, for an assault on Wm. II. McPhergon : Charles 
 Beard, for firing a gun in the street ; Henry Sypolls, for same ; negro 
 Tom, slave to Mr. James Williams, for an assault on Wm. Caton ; 
 Charles Faris, for an assault on Jonathan Pinkney, of Robert : John 
 W'^iseham, for suffering his chimney to blaze out at the top : Thomas 
 Brewer, for an assault on negro Tom ; Benjamin Fairbain, for dealing 
 with a slave ; James Murray, for chimney blazing out at the top; 
 Arehd. Golder, for an assault on Wm. Grant ; George Tumblert, for 
 same on John Tootell ; Samuel Hutton, for chimney blazing out at 
 the top ; Richard Thompson, Jr., and John Keith, for entering the 
 dwelling house of Mrs. Susannah Brewer, in a notions and disorderly 
 manner ; Benjamin Fairbain, for an assault on Richard Fleming ; 
 John Gutroy, for same on Wm. Eoss; Thomas Adams, for selling 
 liquor without licence ; Richard Jones, for same at four different times ; 
 John Rea. for harboring slaves ; William Alexander, for an assault on 
 Elizabeth McMechen ; same, for a riot ; John Rea, for selling liquor 
 under a i^int — three different times ; same, for harbouring negro 
 Moses ; same, for selling liquor and suffering it to be drank in his 
 house ; Sampson Salmon, for suffering his hogs to go at laige ; Daniel 
 Fowler, 2, for same ; Roljert Tysalel, for same ; Wm. Alexander, for 
 dealing with negro Ruth ; John Brice, of Robert, for procuring liquor 
 for negro Ruth ; William Ross, for an assault on Robei't Gutroy ; 
 John Gutroy, for an assault on John Hyde ; James Carroll, for chim- 
 ney blazing out at the top ; negro Ruth, for keeping a disorderly 
 house ; Thomas Adams, for same ; Thomas Jennings, for leaving his 
 well open ; John'Keith, for an assault on negro James ; Allen Quynn, 
 Jr., for same on Matthew Truine ; Jane Thompson, for keeping a dis- 
 orderly house, &c."
 
 230 <'The Ancient City." 
 
 By chapter 194, passed February 13th, 1819, the charter of Annapo- 
 lis was altered so as to give the electors, qualified to vote for delegates 
 to the General Assembly, the right to elect the Mayor, Recorder, five 
 Aldermen and seven Common Councilmen. 
 
 The Board was to be elected every third year on the first Monday in 
 October. By this act the city's right to hold a "Court of Hustings," 
 was anulled. 
 
 CHAPTER XL VII. 
 
 William Pinkney Banquetted ix Annapolis. 
 
 [1804.] The Gazette of November, 29, 1804, says : 
 •'On Wednesday, the 31st instant, the Honourable William Pink- 
 ney, Esquire, who has lately returned from a long residence in Eng- 
 land, under a public appointment from the United States, and recently 
 vmder a special appointment also from the State of Maryland, arrived 
 in this city, and was immediately waited upon at Caton's tavern by a 
 large concourse of respectaVjle citizens, members of the legislature, 
 &c., whose looks, still more than their declarations evinced the satis- 
 faction felt at the safe return of th's distinguished and highly accom- 
 plished gentleman. Among others the persons whose names are sub- 
 scribed thereto waited on Mr. Pinkney, and presented him with the 
 following note : 
 
 "To the Honourable William Pinkney, Esquire. 
 
 Annapolis, November 21, 1804. 
 "Sir : — We are deputed by a number of your old friends and fellow- 
 citizens of Annapolis, to congratulate you on your safe arrival in this 
 country, and to express the pleasure they feel at your apfiearance in 
 this your native city. We are desired also to declare their impressions 
 in regard to the honourable manner in which you are understood to 
 have fulfilled the objects of your late mission to Europe, and the ser- 
 vice which you have incidentally been enabled to render to the State 
 of Maryland in the successful termination of an affair of great impor- 
 tance to its rights and interests. Those impressions we are autliorised 
 to say are as gratifying to the pride of your fellow-citizens as they are 
 respectful and affectionate towards yourself . We are further deputed. 
 Sir, to request that you will give your friends an opportunity of per- 
 sonally welcoming you to Annapolis, l)y favouring them with your 
 company at a pubhc dinner at Mr. Caton's tavern on Friday next, at 
 three o'clock. 
 
 "Desiring to be considered as sharing most cordially in the sentiments 
 here expressed, we have the honour to be, with great esteem. Sir, 
 Your obedient servants, 
 John Kilty, John Gassaway, 
 
 John Davidson, John Muir, 
 
 Burton Whetcroft, Samuel H. Howard.
 
 ■I 
 
 History OP Annapolis. 231 
 
 "To which Mr. Pinkney, on the next day, (having in the interim 
 signified verbally his acceptance of the invitation,) returned the fol- 
 lowing answer : 
 
 Annapolis, November 33, 1804. 
 
 "Gentlemen: — I have read with peculiar sensibility the kind and 
 flattering testimonial of approbation and esteem which you have done 
 me the honour to deliver to me on the part of my fellow-citizens of 
 Annapolis. After an absence of more than eight years from my 
 country to meet with such a reception from the inhabitants of my 
 native city, to which in every vicissitude of life and fortune I have 
 always felt, and shall continue to feel, the most lively attachment, 
 is more grateful to my heart than I am able to express. 
 
 "I beg you, gentlemen, to accept, with my best wishes for the future 
 prosperity of this city, my sincere acknowledgments for the terms in 
 which you have been so good as to convey its sense of my public con- 
 duct during my residence abroad. I shall take great pleasure in 
 availing myself of your polite invitation. 
 
 "I have the honour to be, with unfeigned respect and regard. Gen- 
 tlemen, 
 
 Your most obedient humble servant, 
 
 WILLIAM PINKNEY. 
 John Kilty, John Davidson, Burton 
 
 Whetcroft, John (rassaioay .John Iluir, 
 
 Samuel Harvey Howard, EsqWs. 
 
 "The following card of invitation was, on the same day, presented 
 to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Dele- 
 gates, and communicated by them (from the chair) to the members 
 of their respective houses : 
 
 Annapolis, November 31, 1804. 
 
 "Sir : — A number of the inhabitants of Annapolis, desirous of giv- 
 ing to their fellow-citizen, William Pinkney, Esquire, who has lately 
 returned to this country from the successful discharge of important 
 public functions in Europe, a testimony of the satisfaction they feel 
 at his arrival among them, and of the high esteem they entertain for 
 his character, have deputed us to request his presence at a dinner to 
 be given for that purpose at Mr. Caton's tavern on Friday next : this 
 invitation having been accepted by Mr. Pinkney, we obey with pleasure 
 a further injunction by requesting. Sir, to be favoured at the said 
 public dinner with your company and that of the members of the 
 Honourable House in which you preside. 
 
 With great respect, we have the honour to be. Sir, 
 Your most obedient servants. 
 [Signed as before.] 
 
 "Agreeably to this arrangement a great number of the citizens, 
 the members of the Legislature generally, with the -Tudges of the 
 Court of Appeals, several other gentlemen ol' distinction who had also 
 been invited, and the Honourable Mr. Pinkney, assemViled on Friday 
 at Mr. Caton's tavern, and partook of an elegant dinner, at which 
 the utmost degree of conviviality and harmony i)revailed. After din- 
 ner the following toasts were given alternately by the Honourable
 
 333 "The Ancient City.'' 
 
 Mr. Harwood of the council, who (iu the unavoiaable absence of the 
 Excellency the Governor) presided and Nicholas Carroll, Esquire, who 
 .acted as vice-president. 
 
 1. The people of the United States. 
 
 2. The President of the United States. 
 
 3. The Congress of the United States. 
 
 4. The memory of General Washington. 
 
 5. The ever memorable day of the Declaration of Independence. 
 
 6. The memory of Benjamin Franklin and other departed States- 
 
 men of America. 
 
 7. The memory of Warren, Montgomery, Mercer, and other de- 
 
 parted soldier« of America. 
 
 8. The late revolutionary army and navy of the United States. 
 
 9. The heads of departments in the government of the United 
 
 States. 
 
 10. The militia of America. 
 
 11. The army and navy of the United States. 
 
 12. A speedy enlargement to our countrymen in captivity. 
 
 13. The State of Maryland. 
 
 14. Agriculture, commerce, and manufactures. 
 
 15. Peace, union, and public confidence. 
 
 16. The cause of freedom throughout the world. 
 
 17. Tlie American fair. 
 
 After Mr. Pinkney had retired, by Mr. Montgomery of the House 
 of Delegates, 
 
 "William Pinkney, Esquire, the successful agent for the recovery 
 of the bank stock belonging to the State of Maryland in the British 
 funds." 
 
 "On Saturday' the following resolution being iiropounded to the 
 House of Delegates was read and concurred with : 
 
 '•Jiesohed. That Mr. Stephen and Mr. Montgomery be a committee 
 to wait on Mr. Pinkney to present liim with the com|(linients of this 
 house, and to congratulate him on his safe return to liis native coun- 
 try, and to inform Mr. Piiikney, that the House of Delegates will re- 
 ceive any further communications or elucidations which he may be 
 pleased to make to them in person relative to the affairs of the bank 
 stock, for the recovery of which the State of Maryland is so much in- 
 debted to his personal attention and exertions. 
 
 "Mr. Pinkney, having received the aforegoing communication by 
 the gentlemen named for the purpose of making the same, imme- 
 diately attended the House of Delegates, and being conducted to a 
 chair withhi the bar, gave, with his acciistomed jjrecision and ele- 
 gance, the elucidations required relative to the recovery and transfer 
 of the bank stock, on the subject of which hi.s lengthy'and able com- 
 munications, comprehending his correspondence with the ministers 
 and law officers of the British government, and witli the American 
 Secretary of State, had already been read in both Houses of the Leg- 
 islature with every mark of interest and approbation. After receiv- 
 ing such private civilities as the shortness of his stay would permit, 
 Mr. Pinkney left Annapolis on Tuesday morning, intending, it is sup- 
 posed, to visit the seat of the general government, wliere it is not 
 doubted, his reception will be such as is due to acknowledged merit, 
 highly cultivated talents, and faithful public service."
 
 History of Annapolis. 233 
 
 CHAPTER XL VIII. 
 
 Anxai'olis During the Wae of 1812. 
 
 The period of the war of 1812 was one of alarm, dissension, and ex- 
 -citeraent in Annapolis. Two parties were arrayed aijainst each other 
 with all the bitterness born of political strife, intensified by the clash 
 of arms before their very doors. 
 
 The Federalists of Maryland were sympathizers with England in the 
 war and bitter opponents of the policy of the administration. The re- 
 publicans, or democrats, were intense haters of every thing British and 
 -firm and loyal supporters of Congress and the President in the prose- 
 cution of the war. 
 
 Peace meetings were held in the county, Peace tickets voted for at 
 •elections, and the Gazetta, the organ ol the Federalists, rang with 
 bitter denunciations of the President, the results of tlie war. and the 
 republican party generally. The Maryland Republican, a democratic 
 paper, had been estalilished a few years before the war. It was edited 
 by Jehu Chandler, and it proved a brave and merciless advocate of its 
 principles. The editor was rewarded for his zeal in the end I)y an 
 office at Washington and a knock-down at Annapolis. 
 
 The free and fearless utterances of the (razefte against the 
 wai- and the administration shows that a high appreciation of the 
 princi[)les of liberty animated the people of the Republic in the early 
 days of its history. 
 
 On .luly 39, 1813, the Gazette in an editorial declared : 
 
 '•Mr. Madison may well call this "a season of trial and calamity" 
 for never, since the struggle which united these states into a repub- 
 lican government, did the citizens of this country witness such a 
 scene of difficulties as now stare them in the face, and threaten a 
 subversion of their lil)erties. Whence d6 their difficulties arise, and 
 who have been their authors ? From the imprudenceof our own rulers 
 they may be easily traced, notwithstanding all the arts made use of to 
 cloak their designs. Could it for a moment be supposed, that this 
 state of thhig proceeded from measures which were unavoidable, there 
 would then be some consolation for all of our troubles ; but this ex- 
 cuse cannot, with any justification, be pleaded. Can any one believe 
 that our differences would not be immediately accommodated, and that 
 upon the most honorable terms, provided a proposition to that effect 
 was made by our gos"ernmeut ? By a continuance of the war, they 
 can never, with any reason, expect to obtain the object, the only 
 object, wliich is now in dispute : but it is, day after day, plunging us 
 deeper info disgrace and rendering us tenfold more contemptible in 
 the eyes of all foreign nations. It may, indeed, be well to set apax't 
 days of humilition, fasting, and prayer." 
 
 Whilst these denunciations of the war and the administration were 
 "weekly hei-alded in the city, Ainiapolis was turned into a military 
 •camp, with the enemy frequently before its harbor, and its citizens 
 constantly excited by expectations of attack and calls to arms. 
 
 The Governor of Maryland wrote, in the early part of this year, to 
 the secretary of war acquainting him with the defenseless situation 
 of Annapolis. The letter was lost on the way which gave rise to many 
 suspicions of bad faith.
 
 234 "The Ancient City.'' 
 
 On April 9, the citizens of Annapolis were alarmed at an early hour 
 by the discharge of cannon from the fort, (Fort Madison,) and the 
 drum beating the town to arms. The alarm was caused by the arrival 
 of several privateers who reported that they had been pursued some 
 considerable distance up the bay by the blockading squadron. The 
 people responded to their rendezvous with an alacrity that did credit 
 to their promptness and patriotism. 
 
 During this period of excitement the records of the State were re- 
 moved from Annapolis to a place of greater safety, boats were 
 pressed into the service of the State, and Major Charles S. Ridgely and 
 his squadron hastened to Annapolis with great -rapidity. Several 
 companies of militia were also called to the place : but their services 
 were not needed. 
 
 During these trying times William Ross, of Annapolis, was charged 
 with treasonbly making bad cartridges for the soldiers. 
 
 In the early part of May, a British sloop went aground on Thomas' 
 Point bar. The patriots of Annapolis were very anxious to attack it, 
 Vmt the Governor prudently forebore as five British frigates were near 
 to protect it. The publication that the Governor said he was glad that 
 the sloop got off, caused considerable correspondence and a lively 
 newspaper war. The weight of evidence was that the words were not 
 used. 
 
 On the evening of August 3rd, three of the enemy's ships came up 
 the bay and anchored withni three miles of Annapolis. Nineteen other 
 vessels stood a short distance below, and were distinctly visible from 
 the State House. Every preparation was made for an attack. A largo 
 body of military and drafted men, with detachments of regulars and 
 volunteers, under Col. Carlrary, were in the town. ]\Iost of the fami- 
 lies of the city fled to the country with the principal part of their 
 goods, and the town assumed the air of a military post awaiting the 
 immediate onset of the enemy. In a few days the scenes shifted^ 
 Two 74's and, and one 64, seven other ships, frigates, and sloops of 
 war, and three tugs, lay between Hackett's and Sandy Points. One 
 large frigate dropped down immediately opposite the city, and a 
 smaller one lay about two miles farther down. Below, were two 74's 
 and two frigates, besides several smaller vessels, tugs, schooners, and 
 tenders. There were constant calls to arms made on the citizens and 
 the town was in a state of feverish excitement, not knowing at any 
 moment when at attack would begin. The forces of the city were 
 augmented by the arrival of Capf. Morris, of the frigate Adams, who 
 was given command of both forts. He brought a large body of prime 
 sailors. Capt. Miller, from Washington, came with a detachment of 
 rnarines, and Capt. Getzendanner, from Frederick, with a company of 
 riflemen. In the midst of these exciting times, soldiers in arms and 
 the enemy in front, the Gazette was denouncing in the most vindic- 
 tive manner the war and the authors of it. This imprudent conduct 
 at a period so calamitous proved the great forbearance and love of 
 free speech and a free press that prevailed amongst the people of the 
 enlightened city. At the same time peace meetings were being held 
 all over Anne Arundel. 
 
 In the latter part of August, the British squadron sailed down the 
 bay, and the excitement at Annapolis subsided. 
 
 Internal dissensions, however, did not cease with the departure of 
 the British, and they culminated from a remote cause in January,
 
 History OF Annapolis. 233 
 
 1814. From the chord of sympathy touched for the English in the 
 war with their own country, the Federalists despised Napoleon. When 
 he fell, they rejoiced. At Annapolis they celebrated his downfall at 
 the hands of the allied armies by a banquet on the fifteenth of 
 January. 
 
 A large concourse of gentlemen from different parts of the State 
 and from the District of Columbia, assembled for that purpose and a 
 procession formed at twelve o'clock at the City Tavern,* and marched 
 to St. Anne's Chui'ch, headed by a band of music, "where the throne 
 of grace was addressed in an appropriate manner by Rev. Mason L. 
 Weems, and an oration pronounced by the Hon. Robert Goodloe 
 Harper, replete with jwlitical knowledge and the eloquence of truth, "t 
 
 The distaste, which the democratic or republican portion of the 
 community felt to these proceedings, was shown by the boys disturb- 
 ing the ceremonies of the church by throwing stones at the windows 
 and making other violent demonstrations whilst men in the gallery 
 expressed their opposition to the proceedings by behavior that added 
 to the general confusion. ]\Iajor Alexander Stuart, commanding a 
 detachment of United States troops in the garrison at Annapolis, 
 ordered the national flag to be lowered to half-mast and minute guns 
 fired to show his regret at the discomfiture of Napoleon. 
 
 "After the performances at the church were over," the company 
 joined, by an illustrious deputation of their friends from Congress, 
 Messrs. Pickering, Grosvenor and Hanson, who had just arrived in 
 the city, formed into a procession, and marched back to the City 
 Tavern, and then to the Assembly Rooms, where they sat down to a 
 sumptuous repast prepared by Mr. Isaac Parker. J. C. Herbert, 
 Esq., Speaker of the House of Delegates, presided at the table, as- 
 sisted by Col. Plater and Samuel Ridout, Esqr., as vice presidents. 
 The local chronicler says : " A spirit of unanimity reigned throughout 
 the company, for they all felt the importance of the events they had 
 convened to celebrate, and notliingoccurred to mar the pleasures and 
 enjoyment of the day. Actuated by the purest motives, and governed 
 by the most laudable feelings, a heartfelt gratitude to the great 
 heroes who had stayed the arm of the oppressor, all hearts united in 
 responding these sentiments, and imploring aid from the great arbiter 
 of the world for their patriotic exertions. When they were ground to 
 the dust by the iron liand of ruthless power, we sympathized in their 
 situation ; now they have burst the chains which enslaved theni, we 
 rejoice at it. Can "there be feelings more philanthropic, more worthy 
 of freemen, who estimate liberty above all things, even life itself ? The 
 influence of events of such moment will not be confined within the 
 limits of Europe, but their beneficial effects will be bounded only by 
 the universe. This then is another cause of rejoicing." 
 
 It was natural that such sentiments, and especially the assertion 
 that "the influence of events of such moment will not be confined 
 within the limits of Europe," would produce the greatest indignation 
 to the advocates of the war with England, when that influence was 
 none other than England's liand off Napoleon, could come down all 
 the heavier on the United States. 
 
 • City Hotel. 
 t ivra. Giizette.
 
 236 ''The Ancient City." 
 
 After the cloth was removed, a number of toasts were drunk, in- 
 terspersed by songs, and music by the band. 
 
 Among the toasts were : 
 
 "The Union of these States— May it be preserved on sure and just 
 foimdations. 
 
 "The Principles of our Constitution— Which have taught us to sym- 
 pathize in the common cause of national independence. 
 
 "Alexander of Kussia — The magnanimous emancipator of nations. 
 
 "The Coalesced Powers of Europe— Whose banners have waved in 
 triumph over the ruthless enemy of the liberties of mankind. 
 
 "The active, indefatigable, and glorious Blucher— The worthypupil 
 of the Great Frederick. 
 
 "The Return of Peace— Its light is only to be reflected to our land 
 from the blaze of Bonaparte's funeral bier. 
 
 "Our National Councils— Purse and brain both empty, the brain 
 the heavier for being too light, the purse too light for being drawn of 
 heaviness. 
 
 "Our Country a Volunteer — May the emancipation of the nations of 
 Europe be the harltinger of her deliverance from the bane of French 
 influence." 
 
 By Mr. Grosvenor — A Volunteer — "Maryland the Ararat of the 
 Southern States — In the deluge of democracy, there the ark of Fed- 
 erahsin finally rested." 
 
 By Mr. G. Calvert — A Volunteer — "May Bonaparte nevor receive 
 more agreeable dispatcues fron: this country tlian the toasts of this 
 day." 
 
 This Ijanquet augmented the animosities existing in the city, the 
 democrats going so far as to charge that the Federalists, who inspired 
 the occasion, huzzae«l for the Prince Regent. 
 
 After dinner, when nearly half the company had retired, those who 
 remained formed themselves into a procession, and, headed by a l)and 
 of music, marched through several of the principal streets. Whilst 
 thus marching the procession was met by a mob, and assailed with 
 clubs, brick-bats, and other miscellaneous weapons. Several of the 
 processionists were injured biit not seriously. They, however, tui'ued 
 tables on the ringleaders of the riot, says the Gazette, and adminis- 
 tered to them summary punishment. 
 
 The l)itterness of the factions led not only to political, but personal, 
 polemics. The Gazetta. which had maintained a dignified silence 
 under numerous attacks of the Repul)lican, finally broke into 
 severe infective. On Wednesday, January 36th, 1814, it wrote : "We 
 had, as heretofore expressedly determined not to notice any of the in- 
 famous paragraphs which might appear in that contem]itible chroni- 
 cle, the J/flr^Zi..'?ifZ HejniM (,ca /I, wheve'm, 'every third word is a lie 
 duer paid than the Turk's tribute' — nor would" we now be diverted 
 from our proposed course, were it not that the falsehoods which 
 marked the two last numbers, might acquire a circulation from their 
 very malignity. We know not, nor do we care, whether thev be the 
 venemous effusions of the vulgar scoundrel (Jehu Chandler) who jiro- 
 fesses to edit the paper, or of his associates in the school of defama- 
 tion, .vho occasionally exercise themselYes in the wanton butchery of 
 character. We have, indeed, seen and we have noticed too. a certain 
 puffed up, conceited, swollen fool, who is ever first to laugh at his
 
 History of Annapolis. 237 
 
 own folly, chuckling witli apparent sclf-gratulation at the appetite 
 excited among the vulgar, for the gross ailment weekly published by 
 this cannibal editor. From these circumstances and the bi-utal sym- 
 pathies of his nature which would necessarily impel him to tiie asso- 
 ciation, we strongly suspect him to be a member of the Jacobin club, 
 which conducts that Joui-nal. * * ® * * * * * '■' * * 
 
 •'We have been led to these remarks, by the notice taken of the fes- 
 tival of Thursday last in the Ilaryland Republbcan ; which, we are 
 happy to learn, has met with the decided disapprobation of the more 
 decent and respectable of the Democratic party. * -•■" * * '■■■ * 
 
 "The celebration of their Master's defeat has set in motion all the 
 sullen humors of Democracy, and has excited them so far as they dare, 
 to acts of violence and outrage." 
 
 Not only were specific acts made the bases of editorial amenities be- 
 tween Mr. Green and Mr. Chandler, but articles, upon public matters, 
 became the texts for most vindictive tirades. In the issue of August 
 10th, 1815, the editor of the Gazette said : "When a graceless scoun- 
 drel, like the editor of rhe llarylaiid Rejniblican, a villainous com- 
 pound of knavery and folly, promises not to be too familiar with us, 
 we feel indebted to him for the only obligation which it is in the 
 power of such a reptile to confer. Wliat could induce him to take 
 such particular notice of our remarks on bribery we cannot divine ;■ 
 perhaps expei'ience had rendered the subject familiar to him, and 
 habit had endeared it. But the burthen of his song seems to be, that, 
 in the proposed distribution of In-ibes, not one was offered to the poor 
 wretch himself. The unlucky fellow ! after toiling in the work of de- 
 famation with the most unremitting veniality, after selling malicious 
 slanders, libels, and lies, by the square ; after having acquired the 
 contempt of the world, ajid after having excited the blushes of his 
 friends, if there be any so mean-spirited as to hold friendly commu- 
 nion with him, to find himself at last almost hopeless, has he not a 
 right to whine and whimper, and pitifully to beg the legislature to 
 let him put his fingor in the treasury for services for the not doing of 
 which he should have been pro'secuted ? He seems to think it an in- 
 stance of unbending integrity that a poor man should refuse the 
 enormous bribe of five dollars, and, by his astonishment, he seems to 
 doubt whether he could have withstood the temptation. We believe, 
 however, that any attempts to bribe this worthy editor would, in all 
 probability remain a secret, unless, at any time, it might serve his 
 purposes to publish his own shame. We dismiss the fellow without 
 inquiring whether money is the root of his evil propensities, or whether 
 they proceed from a native villainy and obliquity of principle." 
 
 Mr. Chandler was apparently as caustic and far more industrious in 
 his personal editorials than Mr. Green, and, it is not surprising that 
 such offensive paragraphs had their natural result — a rencounter. 
 Not, however, between the two editors. Mr. Chandler gave gi-eat 
 offence in his issue of June 22nd, 1816. to Mr. J. N. Watkins by re- 
 ferring to him in the following enigmatical sentence — " I have a very 
 curious and important law case, which I shall report in my next. 
 "Blue Light vs. Blue Light." Mr. Watkins, considering that he was 
 personally alluded to, and the term Blue Light* applied to him, jnib- 
 
 * The rinme given certain New Engl.ami' opponent-^ of (he wai- of KS12, 
 who -.vere ni'cnsed of sen ling up rockei- sisiials from lami to tne liriti.-U P''leet. 
 hov^eriiigoff the coast.
 
 238 "The Ancient City.'' 
 
 licly declared the same day, that he would call upon the editor the 
 first opportunity that offered, and make him declare whether he 
 alluded to him, and what he meant by the term Blue Light as applied 
 to him, and to chastise him if his explanation was not satisfactory. On 
 Monday morning he met the editor in the street, and made the de- 
 mand. Mr. Chandler informed him it was the case of the warrant of 
 J. Howard against himself and Mr. Bowie, which was tried in the 
 chancery office. Mr. Watkins then demanded what he meant by the 
 term Blue Light as it applied to him ? Mr. Chandler replied— "Wait 
 until next Saturday's paper appeared and he would see." Mr. Watkins 
 .answered, "I will not wait, and I am determined to have an immediate 
 explanation, or I will whip you on the spot." Mr. Chandler was at this 
 time moving off, but Mr. Watkins seized him by the breast, and told 
 him he should not move a step until he had made the explanation de- 
 manded. Mr. Chandler immediately struck Mr. Watkins a violent 
 blow over the head with a stick that staggered him, but recovering 
 before the blow was repeated, he struck Mr. Chandler with his fist, 
 and knocked him down, and made his stick fall from his hand. This 
 Mr. Watkins seized, and alternately, with his fist, \ised the stick un- 
 til Mr. Chandler was severely beaien. 
 
 These vindictive attacks on private character and personal rights 
 had no other foundation than the attritions of rivalship in legitimate 
 business and the unavoidable differences on political questions. 
 
 Whilst these internal dissensions were agitating Annapolis, external 
 appearances were anything but agreeable. 
 
 The British once more hovered near Annapolis. On Sunday night, 
 June 26th, 1814, a British barge supposed to belong to the .Tasseur, a 
 brig lying at Plumb Point, about thirty miles below Annapolis, cap- 
 tured several vessels, one of them being a regular packet between An- 
 napolis and Hadda way's Ferry. 
 
 On July 9th, the British Frigate, Narcissus, accompanied by a 
 schooner and two smaller vessels, passed the mouth of the Severn, on 
 its way up the bay. On the 13th, the frigate returned with twelve 
 bay crafts, which it had captured. 
 
 The proximity of the British again transposed Annapolis into a 
 military post. A considerable body of militia arrived from Frederick 
 and Washiiigton counties, and the upper part of Anne Arundel. They 
 displayed great patriotism. 
 
 On August 25th, a British frigate, a schooner, sloop, and a fleet of 
 barges were in sight off Annapolis. On Sunday, September 18th, the 
 enemy, having between sixty and seventy sail, again appeared off An- 
 napolis. Their bows were down the bay. They had discovered there 
 was a North Point and a Fort McHenry. Two of the vessels grounded 
 on Kent Island, and that delayed them until Tuesday. On Wednesday 
 they anchored ten miles below Annapolis. 
 
 On the night of November loth, Annapolis was thrown into a state 
 of intense excitement by the firing of the alarm guns on Horn Point 
 by the guard. Citizens flew to anus, and in a brief period the 
 town was ready to meet the attack of the enemy. The alarm proved 
 a false one created by two bay vessels entering the mouth of the har- 
 bor and refusing to notice or answer the repeated calls of the guard. 
 It was then announced that, after this alarm, those vessels which re- 
 fused to notice the hail of the guard would be fired upon.
 
 History of Annapolis. 239 
 
 In February, 1815, the news of peace arrived and on the 23nd An- 
 napolis celebrated the welcome intelligence. The city was bril- 
 liantly illuminated, the joy of the people was unbounded, all 
 former political differences were buried, all past dissensions forgotten, 
 and all was "peace and good will towards men . " In the midst of this 
 brilliant spectacle stood the State House, conspicious for its elevation 
 and splendor. The great hall was decorated with a full length por- 
 trait of Washington, suspended from the centre of the inner dome, 
 the devices were tasteful and numerous, and the whole illumination 
 brilliant and magnificent. 
 
 CHAPTER XLIX. 
 La Fayette's Visit to Annapolis. 
 
 [1824.] On Friday, December 17th, 1824, by invitation of the Mary- 
 land Legislature, the Marquis de La Fayette visited Annapolis. The 
 enthusiasm excited amongst the citizens by the arrival of the dis- 
 tinguished visitor was indescribable "every eye beamed with pleasure, 
 every heart throbbed with mingled emotions of gratitude, affection, 
 and delight." His approach was announced by a national salute, and 
 the display of the Federal colors upon the spire of the State House. It 
 was three in the afternoon when he made his appearance in the city, 
 accompanied by his son George Washington La Fayette, Mons. Vas- 
 seur, his Secretary, the Hon. Joseph Kent, the Hon. George E. 
 Mitchell, Eepresentatives in Congress from Maryland, Samuel Sprigg, 
 Esq., late Governor of Maryland, and the deputation from Annapolis, 
 consisting of Hon. Jeremiah T. Chase, late chief justice of Maryland, 
 Hon. Theodorick Bland, chancellor of the State, Col. Henry Mayna- 
 dier, an officer of the Revolution, and Jo'an Randall, Esq., collector of 
 the port ; who had received him at the divisional line between Anne 
 Arundel and Prince George's counties. 
 Judge Chase delivered there the following address to Lafayette : 
 "General Lafayette, the citizens of Annapolis, ardently solicitous to 
 demonstrate the feelings of their hearts on this happy occasion, have 
 requested me, with one voice to express them to you — Welcome Gen- 
 eral Lafayette, thrice welcome, as the revered guest »f citizens who re- 
 joice to see you. They rejoice to see you, as the friend of America, they 
 rejoice to see you as the friend of the illustrious Washmgton — they 
 rejoice to see you receivmg the congratulations of a free people ; 
 whose hearts from one end of the continent to the other, are filled 
 with the most lively gratitude, for the great, the important services 
 rendered by you in the Revolutionary war. To you. Illustrious Chief, 
 they are indebted for that aid you afforded, at a time the most peril- 
 ous, by which, under the favour and smiles of Providence, and under 
 the guidance of the patriotic Washington, the freedom and independ- 
 <ence of America was established.
 
 240 ''ThkAncient City.'' 
 
 "To you and your glorious acheivenents they owe those rights,, 
 which they are now in the full enjoyment of — Liberty, the rights of 
 conscience, the rights of property, and the security of all jiersonal 
 rights, and that high and exalted station America holds among the' 
 nations of the earth. Your noble, disinterested conduct, as the de- 
 voted friend of liberty, and your timely aid in her cause, will long be 
 remembered by Americans. They are deeply engraven, indeHbly im- 
 pressed, on their hearts, and will be transmitted from father to sou, 
 from generation to generation, until America be lost and swallowed 
 up in the never ceasing flood oC time. 
 
 "May the Almighty God, tlie Great Jehovah, take you in his holy 
 keeping, prolong your days, and may they be prosperous and end in 
 peace, "that peace "of mind which passeth all understanding : and may 
 you finally be fitted for and received into those mansions of bliss pre- 
 pared by our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, for his happy followers, 
 is the ardent prayer of the sons of freedom." 
 
 To the above address General Lafayette made the following reply : 
 
 "The welcome I receive from you, gentlemen, in the name of the 
 citizens of Anna!>olis, the pleasure to meet you again, my dear and 
 venerated sir, and the remembrance of one of my earliest friends, and 
 co-patriots, in the cause of America, your excellent brother, are senti- 
 ment which I am happy to express. I thank you for the testimonies 
 of your esteem and friendship. I rejoice with you in the admirable 
 results of our glorious revolution, and feel an affectionate eagerness 
 to re-enter the metropolis where I am so kiiully innted, and where so 
 many old obligations have been conferred upon me." 
 
 Lafayette was escorted by Captain Bowie's elegant company of 
 mounted riflemen from Nothingham, Prince George's county and 
 Captain Sellman's troop of horse from South River, Anne Arundel 
 county. 
 
 At Miller's Hill, the procession, in spite of the rain which continued 
 from morn till night, was formed under the marshalship of Colonel 
 Jones, of the United States Army, It presented a creditaljle military 
 appearance, and consisted of : 
 
 Two companies of the Annapolis riflemen ; 
 
 Two companies of Anna])olis infantry ; 
 
 One company of Annapolis artillery ; 
 
 Captain Dooly's company of riflemen from West River; 
 
 Captain Bruce's company of mounted riflemen from Nothingham ; 
 
 Captain Watson's, Captain Warfield's, and Captain Sellman's troops 
 of horses ; 
 
 The troops from Fort Severn ; 
 
 Colonel Charles S. Ridgely, of the cavalry, and the officers of Cap- 
 tain Hollingsworth's troop of horse from Elk Ridge. 
 
 The i^rocession passed through West Street, down Church Street, 
 up Frances to the eastern gate of the circle where the General 
 alighted from his carriage and was conducted to the State House, 
 Upon entering the hall, he was greeted by about thirty little girls, 
 each about twelve years old, formed in a semi-circle, all dressed in 
 white, with wreaths of evergreen entwined around their heads, and 
 holding in their hands banners with the following inscriptions : 
 
 "LaFayette — The friend of our fathers will always be welcome to 
 the hearts of their children," and 
 
 "The cannon's roar proclaims the gratitude of warriors ;
 
 History OF Annapolis. 241 
 
 "More peaceful emblems must tell of ours." 
 
 The General was conducted to the Senate Chamber of liistorie re- 
 nown — where, in tlie presence of the corjJDrate authorities of the city, 
 the members of the Le.irislature. a numerous assemblage of ladies, 
 citizens, and stran^-ers, hi; was addressed by Colonel James Boyle, the 
 Mayor of the city, in the following terras : 
 
 '"On the part of the corporation and my fellow-citizens, I greet you 
 with a hearty and affectionate welcome. You have been in this city 
 before, during the gloomy period of that war, which severed one-half 
 •of the British empire from the other, and 2:)laced these states on an 
 •equality with the independent nations of the earth. We rejoice to 
 see you now. The children have inherited the grateful affections of 
 their fathers 
 
 ''We do not know which to admire most, that bold and chivalric 
 spirit, which prompted you to leave the quiet of repose, the joys of a 
 splendid court, where youth and l^eauty cheered even the dim lustre 
 of the aged eye, and the soft endearments of an early love, or that 
 spirit of benevolence, which urged you to gird on the warrior sword 
 to battle for an infant land just struggling to existence. You came 
 like Achilles, not the leader, but the young hero of the host, to bind 
 upon your youthful brow your earliest laurels, and the myrmidons* of 
 your country fought untired and victorious by your side. You have 
 been reserved for a nobler and a better fate. He fell upon the very 
 threshhold of victory. You have survived to see the maturity of that 
 rich boon your gallant sword assisted to achieve. The Grand Master 
 of the Universe would not summon you from your frail lodge of clay 
 to his celestial and eternal lodge above, until you should behold these 
 fair fields the permanent abode of rational liberty. We have seen 
 you retire frcm our shores with the nation's blessings and the nation's 
 prayers : we have* known you in your own country to reap a rich 
 harvest of glory, and we have sighed with you when the dungeon 
 doors of the prison of Olmutz closed and shut yon from the world, 
 your tender spouse, and infant offspring. Believe me, Sir, through 
 this wide extended country, washed by the Atlantic on the one side, 
 and tlie Pacific on the other, there is not an human bosom, old enough 
 to distinguish right from wrong, which at the sound of your name 
 throbs not with mingled emotions of gi-atitude and pleasure ; not an 
 infant prattler but has learned to lisp the name of our illustrious 
 guest and disinterested benefactor. 
 
 "General ! You have lately seen the place where the sword of the 
 revolutionary war was drawn. Yoii now stand in that very chamber, 
 and on that very spot, where the father of his country returned it to 
 the scabbard ; an act which stands alone among the recoi-ded annals 
 of the world. High iii the affections of the army, the valiant chief- 
 tain of a mighty pe^^ple, reposing on the love and confidence of the 
 nation, he might, had he been ambitious, have desolated his native 
 land with war and bloodshed, he might perhaps have seized upon the 
 crown through the misguided feelings of the many, and have 
 stained to late posterity the bright escutcheon of his fame. The 
 greatness of his character was preserved to the last as -An entire 
 whole. He would not sufl'er the glittering bauble to cross the bright- 
 
 • Evidently a mispriiii in the GazL'ttf. 
 
 16
 
 243 • • T H E A N c I K X T City.'' 
 
 ness of his path, nor for a moment swerve him from the line of duty. 
 His throne is of an imperishable nature, his crown more honoralilu 
 than the richest diadems of emperors, and his sceptre cannot be broken 
 by the united efforts of the world. They are placed u])on the purest 
 page of history, and form the brightest halo ronnd its loveliest disk. 
 
 "Permit me again. Sir, to welcome you to Aiiiuipolis, and to assure 
 you that your arrival is a source of unutterable pleasure." 
 
 To wliich General Lafayette replied : 
 
 "I had eagerly anticipated the pleasure I now enjoy, to revisit this 
 metropolis, and to find it in the possession of those blessings of inde- 
 pendence and freedom, for which we have had to contend. My grati- 
 fication is completed by tlie affectionate and flattering welcome, with- 
 which I am honored, and by the kind manner in which you, Mr. 
 Mayor, have been pleased to exjjress it. 
 
 '•This city has been the theatre of resolutions most important tO' 
 the welfare of the United States, and indeed to the general welfare 
 of mankind. It has witnessed the affecting scene, when our unpar- 
 allelled chief resigned the powers he had exercised with so much civil' 
 moderation and military glory, at the head of our patriotic army, an 
 army in every heart of who-n, be assured Sir, the lofty j)rinciple of un- 
 shaken and unalloyed republicanism was as warmly felt and as firmly 
 fixed as in the breast itself of our beloved commander. 
 
 "Amidst those solemn recollections, there are personal remem- 
 brances, endearing and honorable, which the view of this Stale House, 
 most particularly imju-ess upon my mind, and which mingle with the 
 sense of my actual oliligations, wlien T re(piest you, Mr. Mayor, the- 
 gentlemen of the Common Council, and all the citizens of Annapolis, 
 to accept the tribute of my most respectful and alfectionate thanks." 
 
 He was then introduced to the members of the Corporation, and te- 
 as many other persons, as the lateness of the hour would admit. The 
 ceremonies in the Senate Chamber being finished, the i)rocession was 
 again formed, and moved on to Fort Severn, where a national salute 
 was fired, and other appropriate honors paid to the illustrious visitor 
 by the excellent officei'S attached to that garrison. Colonel Jones, 
 Lieutenants Lendrum and Davidson. The general and his snite were- 
 then conducted to the Government House, where, in compliance with 
 an invitation from his Excellency, the Govei-nor, his quarters were 
 fixed. Li the evening the general and his suite were escorted to- 
 the college, which had been selected as the most convenient place for 
 the Ball which had been prepared, under the direction of the com- 
 mittee of arrangements, by Mr. James "Williamson. The hall had 
 been previously, tastefully ornamented by a committee of ladies, 
 selected for the purpose, and was pronounced to be the handsomest 
 room which had ever lieen approj)riated to an occasion of the kind in 
 this country. It was ornamented with wreaths of flowers, natural 
 and artificial, transparencies of Washington and Lafayette, aiul many 
 military insignia. In the centre was suspended a large chandelier, of 
 a circular form, but gradually decreasing in its circumference from 
 bottom to top, beautifully ornamented, and illuminated with nearly 
 one hundred lights. The Ball was rich and elegant— and was at- 
 tended by an unusually large number of ladies from various parts of 
 the State, and by a large concourse of gentlemen. Tlie Marine Band 
 from Washington was procured for the occasion.
 
 History OF Annapolis. 243- 
 
 On Saturday morning there was a review on the college green— and 
 the evolutions performed were highly creditable, both to the com- 
 manding officer, (Col. Jones,) and the soldiers under his command. A 
 pavilliou was erected on the green, for the accommodation of the 
 General and his suit.^, the Governor, his aids, and other gentlemen, 
 to whom places were a:!signed. After the evolutions were" executed, 
 a trial of skill was exhibited by the three Rifle Companies, commanded 
 by Captains Dooly, Xeth, and Hobbs, in shooting at a target, for a 
 Silver Cup. His Excellency, the Governor, and Colonel Jones, wore 
 appointed the Judges, and they assigned the prize to "The First An- 
 napolis Sharp Shooters." The cup was then presented by General 
 Lafayette to Captain Neth, who received it in behalf of his 'company. 
 In this exhibition Captain Dooly's company, (which is a remarkaljly 
 fine one, and is commanded by an able officer,) distinguished them- 
 selves as expert marksmen (as did also Captain Hobbs' company.) 
 The prize was "noi)ly lost, and nobly won." 
 
 At 5 o'clock in the afternoon the General and suite were conducted 
 to the college hall, where a most sumptuous and splendid dinner liad 
 been provided by the committee of arrangements under the superin- 
 tendence of Mrs. M. Robinson, of the city^ The ornaments and decora- 
 tions which were placed in the hall, preparatory to the hall, were 
 found to be equally appropriate for the dinner, and the hall upon this 
 occasion presented a scene of splendor and elegance, "seldom, or per- 
 haps never surpassed in this country. The dinner was truly sump- 
 tuous, and the table presented not only every delicacy to gratify the 
 palate, but was arranged with a degree of taste and'elegance, which 
 contributed to increase the temptations which it presented. The 
 toasts which were drank upon the occasion, were very appropriate. 
 At night a general illumination took place throughout the city, and 
 the night being fine it liad a very pleasing efllect. The lower stories 
 of the State House were illuminated, and a variety of appropriate 
 transparencies exhibited. ' ' 
 
 On Sunday morning the General, by invitation, attended divine 
 services at the Methodist Meeting House. 
 
 On Monday the committee, appointed by the Legislature, claimed the 
 privilege of entertaining Lafayette. He was introduced to the Senate 
 and House of Delegates where addresses were made to him, by the 
 President and the Speaker. At 5 o'clock he dined with the Legisla- 
 ture at the College. 
 
 On Tuesday morning, he left the city for Washington, escorted by 
 Captain Sellman's troop of horse, and accompanied, as far as the 
 limits of the city, by Captain Neth's Rifle Company, the regulars 
 from Fort Severn, and a large concourse of citizens and strangers, 
 "who lamented his departure, and were penetrated with a deep sense 
 of gratitude for the eminent services he rendered our country, and 
 with a profoimd respect for his character, and a sincere affection for- 
 his person."
 
 .244 ''The Ancient City." 
 
 CHAPTER L. 
 
 ''The Glorious Nineteen. 
 
 r /' 
 
 Annapolis was the scene of a bloodless revolution in September, 
 1836. The constitution of Maryland was an attenuated relic of colo- 
 nial times with a dash of republican spirit permeating it. By it, was an 
 extraordinary mode of electing one branch of the Legislative body 
 preserved. 
 
 An Electoral College, composed of forty electors, wau elected by the 
 people according to certain defined electoral districts. Of these it re- 
 quired twenty-four to make a quorum. The State, since the adoption 
 of the State Constitution in 1776, had gained so in population that 
 these districts, which at first fairly represented the population of the 
 State and the will of the people, had become a huge, political 
 monstrosity l)y which less than one-fourth of the people of the State 
 elected one entire co-ordinate branch of the legislative dej)artment 
 and had a large influence in choosing the Governor of the S:ate. 
 
 As it happened, the whigs were strongest in the«e numerically 
 smaller districts, and, whilst not respresenting the fourth of the State, 
 were enabled to dictate to the other three-fourths in two important 
 branches of Government. Against this the democracy of Maryland 
 revolted, and, a'ssisted by many whigs who were opposed to the un- 
 equal system, had called loudly for reform. 
 
 The whigs, loath to give up power, resisted the api)eals of party and 
 people for redress. In the elections of 1836, the whigs elected 31 
 members of the Senatorial College, and the democrats 19. On this 
 the democrats resolved to stop the wheels of government itself or ob- 
 tain the redress ttiey asked. 
 
 Prom Major Sprigg Harwood, who represented Annapolis in the 
 College, on August 18th, 1886, then in his 78th year, the sole sur- 
 vivor of "the glorious nineteen," as the democrats were wont to call 
 them, I obtained the following : 
 
 "We had a little caucus at the Baltimore House, corner Baltimore 
 and Hanover streets, Baltimore, and then agreed tliat we would as- 
 semble at Annapolis and send a communication, as we did on the 19th 
 of September, to the twenty-one whig electors who were in the Senate 
 Chamber, and who had qualified, and were waiting for all of us, re- 
 quiring at least three before a quorum could be formed to transact 
 business. When we sent our communication to them, they would hold 
 no communications with us until we qualified. If we had qualified, 
 they could have then proceeded to business with their majority of 
 twenty-one. 
 
 "I first heard of the intended proceedings some days before the Bal- 
 timore meeting by Mr. Dick Higgins coming out to the country at 
 Mr. Evans, and telling me of the letters written to the Democratic 
 and Reform electors to meet in Baltimore. Before going, I consulted 
 with my people here to learn their views. I said tliey could instruct 
 me now, but if I went to Baltimore, and committed myself it was then 
 too late, I would have to stand by it. They said 'Go, the principle 
 is right, and we will stand by you.' This they did although they 
 had a representation equal to Baltimore's— two delegates in the Leg- 
 islature.
 
 History OF Annapolis. 245 
 
 "We met in Baltimore about a week previous to the meeting of the 
 College here on the 19th of September, and agreed on the outlines of 
 the proposition as indicated by the letter dated on the 19th. 
 
 "There was no personal animosity among the participants. I used 
 to associate with the whig electors outside, and they would aslc me to 
 go up to the Senate, but I would say — "No, you will lock me in."" 
 The outsiders were very much alarmed. They thought no rights were 
 left in property as there was no legislature, the whig judges actually 
 taking this view, and the j^eople generally thought the country was 
 gone. 
 
 "Afterwards, when three of the nineteen concluded to participate 
 in the organization of the College, John S. Sellman wrote to us to meet 
 at Annapolis, but all declined save Marcy Fountain, Enoch George, 
 George A. Thomas, and Wesley Linthicum. Messrs. Thomas and 
 George regretted coming, but finding three were going in, (enough to 
 make a quorum,) they also c»nsen ted to go, but not then until the 
 basis of electing a Senate and the reforms to be given had been agreed 
 upon. 
 
 "The whigs gave the election of Governor to the people and altered 
 the representation in the Legislature so as to equalize it somewhat in 
 the State. 
 
 "The democrats thereupon elected the Governor — the whigs only 
 succeeded in getting in Gov. Pratt in 1843, and the Know Nothings, 
 Thomas Holliday Hicks, in 1857. The whigs often, however, had the 
 Legislature. 
 
 "Our people were satisfied, but the whigs were excited here. They 
 did not like giving up the State. Several steamers came here daily 
 from Baltimore and the counties, filled with whigs, who hoped to make 
 an impression on the nineteen. Everybody had gone away then ex- 
 cept myself."* 
 
 The following is the corresjjondence that took place on the 19th of 
 September : 
 
 "Gextlemen. — It is duty which we owe to our constituents, that be- 
 fore we take oi;r seats in the College of Electors of the Senate of this 
 State, we should have a distinct and positive understanding, as to the 
 course to be pursued by that body. 
 
 "You are apprised, ihat, a crisis has occurred, when neither of the 
 political parties of the State have elected Electors, having the consti- 
 tutional power to form a Senate. Of the nineteen counties and two 
 cities, into which the State is divided, we represent the two cities and 
 eight of the counties, having a white population of 205,922, and 
 federal numbers 267,669. You represent ten of the counties, having 
 a white population of 85,179 ; and federal numbers 138,002 ; and the 
 vote of the remaining counties is dividpd. Of the Electoral Body, we 
 are nineteen in number, while you are twenty-one. But, although 
 you are a majority (the smallest possible) of the College, it is to be 
 recollected that we represent nearly three-fourths of the free white 
 population, and two-thirds of the federal numbers of the State, and 
 very much the largest portion of its territorial extent and wealth ; we 
 shall, therefore, expect that you will concede to us the nomination of 
 eight members of the Senate to be chosen, and that you will vote for 
 the persons whom we may nominate to the College, although they 
 may be favourable to a convention to revise and amend the Constitu- 
 
 ♦ Annapolis was his home.
 
 246 ''TheAncient Cit y. ' ' 
 
 tiou of the State, if, in all other respects, in your opinion well qualified. 
 The counties and cities we represent ought to have, upon any jiolitical 
 principle which governs the appointment of members of a Legisla- 
 ture, a majority of the Senate to be formed, greater than that which 
 is sought to be obtained. To force upon them, then, being the 
 majority of the people, an entire Senate, against their will, would be 
 unjust and Ami-Republican; and we, their agents, cannot participate 
 in such a violation of their rights as tieemen ; neither can we become 
 passive members of ElectorarCollege, and thereby enable you to select 
 for the people, we have the honor to represent, Senators residing in 
 the district from which we come. The people of those counties and 
 cities have elected us to make choice of their Senators, presuming that 
 we who reside among them are better qualified than strangers can be, 
 to choose those who know their rights and interests, and will protect 
 them. If our constituents are to be subjected to a Senate opposed to 
 their will, it would be an aggravation of the evils they will be com- 
 pelled to endure to have some of the members of that body taken from 
 the midst of communities whose confidence they do not enjoy, and 
 whose wants and wishes they are not willing cheerfully to gratify. 
 From these considerations, we feel compelled to take the position 
 above assumed. Moreover, our constituents, who desire to see radical 
 changes made in their present constitution liave a right to expect that 
 we will not fail to exert all the powers reposed in us under our form of 
 government to make the institutions of the State more republican and 
 conformable to the will of those for whose happiness and safety they 
 were designed. 
 
 "The friends of reform in Maryland have sought repeatedly to obtain 
 from the Legislature, by an exertion of the powers confided to that 
 body by the fifty-ninth section of the Constitution, such amendments 
 of that instrument as are indispensable, and it is with regi'et we say 
 that all their applications wei-e in vain, and indeed it may be said, they 
 were not even treated with that respectful deference to which the 
 remonstrances of a large majority of the people are justly entitled. It 
 would be needless for us here to spread out in detail, the several ap- 
 plications for reform which have been made. 
 
 ''You know the history of many petitions which have been presented 
 to the Legislature ; and we have felt the manner of their rejection. 
 Each instant is fresh in the recollection of our constituents, and they 
 believe as we do, that no redress of grievances can be had through the 
 ordinary forms which the framers of our Constitution provided. Under 
 this solemn consideration, we have determined not to l)e willingly in- 
 strumental in perpetuating institutions that work such bitter'injus- 
 tice, and if, gentlemen, you will give us your pledge of honour to ac- 
 cede to our proposal, and give to the majority of the people a majority 
 of one branch of the Legislature to prevent futnre violations of then- 
 rights and privileges, it will afford us great pleasure to meet you in 
 the Electoral College today. Shovild, however, your views as to our 
 relative rights and duties not accord with ours, we shall most deeply 
 regret it, and be compelled by a high and holy sense of duty to our 
 constituents and to the whole State, not to meet you in College, and 
 thereby, we shall entirely avoid the odious responsibility of assisting 
 to form a Senate obnoxious to the people we represent. 
 
 "We are aware that your re jection of this proposition, and the State 
 o: things which may grow out of it, will give some alarm to the
 
 History of Annapolis. 247 
 
 timorous. But ui>ou the most calm and deliberate examination of the 
 whole subject in all its bearings, we can discover none of those causes 
 for deep ajid lasting excitement, which endanger the peace and good 
 order of the community, if the legislative functions of the government 
 should cease for a season, that will be found to arise, should we assist 
 to organize a Senate, which would perpetuate, possibly, all existing 
 evils, and secure for five years, at least, that oppressive dominion, of 
 a small minority over the majority, which has been so long reluctantly 
 endured by the people of Maryland. We perceive no cause for ap- 
 prehensions and alarm in the temporary suspension of the powers of 
 the Senate. Therel^y, the whole Constitution would not be abrogated. 
 The Governor would remain in office long enough to afford time to 
 form a new Constitution, and perform the function of the Executive 
 Department. 
 
 "The Judiciary and the officers connected with the Courts would ex- 
 perience no interruption of their powers, and all the officers who de- 
 rive their appointments annually from the Executive are impowered 
 under the forty-ninth article of the Constitution, to hold their offices 
 until they are superseded by the appointments of others. 
 
 "The laws, therefore, would be administered — civil i-ights and private 
 property properly protected, and the peace of the community pre- 
 served, by all the means now employed for that purpose. In the mean 
 time the powers which have been delegated to us, will revert to the 
 people, in whose integrity, virtue, patriotism, and intelligence, we 
 have the most entire confidence ; and we doubt not but that they, 
 guided Ijy the spirit that animated our fathers in seventy-six, will pro- 
 vide for every exigency that may arise. Before any inconvenience 
 can be experienced, the sovereign power of the people of Maryland 
 will be employed, liy means of a convention to reform our Constitu- 
 tion, so as not to justify a recurrence of a similar contingency, by bas- 
 ing all its departments on sound Republican principles, so as to secure 
 equality of political rights, and a just resprnsibility in all public offi- 
 cers, to poi:)iilar will. 
 
 "To prevent misapprehensions, we have submitted our prepositions 
 in writing, and its manifest justice gives us every reason to expect 
 that you yield to it, a ready assent. We hope you do not desire to 
 leave the State without a Senate, unless you are permitted to select 
 all its members, — as well for counties you represent as those counties 
 and cities represented by us. Nor can we believe that you will ask us 
 to join you in the Electoral College, and be passive spectators of your 
 proceedings, merely to witness the degredation of our constituents, 
 by your choice of a Senate for 205,932 people, whose representatives 
 you are not. We ask only what we think is right, and are determined 
 to submit to nothing that is wrong. To our propositions we respect- 
 fully ask an answer at your earliest convenience. 
 
 "And whatever may be your response, we cannot doubt your con- 
 currence with us in the perfect conviction of the competency of the 
 people to accept a surrender of the Legislative functions of the Gov- 
 ernment, and that deeply embued with the spirit of patriotism and 
 justice, and guided by the lights of experience they will, through the 
 instrumentality of a Convention, so adjust and apportion them as to
 
 248 ''The Ancient City. '' 
 
 secure the inestimable blessings of a republican government. We 
 are, very respectfully, 
 
 Gentlemen, Yours, &c., 
 
 Charles Macgill, Ephraim Bel!, 
 
 Eobert Wason, Robert T. Keene, 
 
 Caspar Quynn, Enoch George, 
 
 John Fisher, M. Fountain, 
 
 Joshua Vansant, John B. Thomas, 
 
 Thomas Hope, Sprigg Harwood, 
 
 Samuel Sutton, John S. Sellman, 
 
 John Evans, "Wesley Linthicura, 
 
 George A. Thomas, Wash'n. Duvall, 
 
 George Ellicott, 
 "To Messrs. Heard, Leigh, Vickers, Gale, Gaither, Kent, Dalrymple, 
 Williams, Handy, Spence, Franklin, Dickinson, Dudley, Hicks, 
 Lake, Pratt, Duvall, Merrick, Brawner, Bruce, and Beall." 
 
 "Annapolis, September 16th, 1826, P. M. 
 "Gentlemen, We are anxious to elect a Senate, and for the promo- 
 tion of this object, we sent certain propositions to you, for your con- 
 sideration, and selected Colonel Heard as tlie organ of communica- 
 tion, knowing him to be an old member of the Legislature, and an 
 Elector returned for the County of St. Mary's which is always first 
 called from priority. Colonel Heard returned this paper stating that 
 he had no authority to act, and, therefore, declined presenting it to 
 his political associates. We have, therefore, to request of you, 
 whether you will receive any communication from us — and to indicate 
 the manner in which you would prefer to receive communications 
 from us. 
 
 We are Gentlemen, 
 
 Very Respectfully Yours, &c. 
 Charles Macgill, Robert T. Keene, 
 
 Robei't Wason, M. Fountain, 
 
 Casper Quynn, JohnErans. 
 
 John Fisher, George A. Thomas. 
 
 George Ellicott, Washington Duvall, 
 
 Ephraim Bell, John B. Thomas, 
 
 Joshua Vansant, Enoch George, 
 
 Sprigg Harwood, John S. Sellman, 
 
 Thomas Hope, Wesley Linthicum, 
 
 Samuel Sutton, 
 "To Messrs. Heard, Leigh, Vickers, Gale, Gaither, Kent, Dalrymple, 
 Williams, Handy, Spence, Franklin, Dickinson, Dudley, Hicks, 
 Lake, Pratt, Duvall, Merrick, Brawner, Bruce, and Beall." 
 
 "Annapolis, September 21st, 1836. 
 "At one o'clock, p. m., the Democratic Republican members of the 
 Electoral College again assembled, when Charles McGill. of Washing- 
 ton county, resumed the Chair, and George A. Thomas, of Cecil 
 county, acted as Secretary, whereupon the following proceedings were 
 had :
 
 History OF Annapolis. 349* 
 
 "Contrary to our reasonable hopes and expectations, the other Elec- 
 tors having refused even to receive or reply to the propositions which 
 we have thought proper to suljmit, formally and inlonnally, in letters 
 addressed to all of them, and in conversations held by individual mem- 
 bers of this meeting, with individual members of the other branch of 
 the Electoral College, and other Electors having moreover, made to 
 us, or to any one of us, no propositions whatever, calculated to restore 
 to the people of Maryland, through the medium of the Legishiture, 
 the right to revise and amend the constitution ; and this meeting 
 being fully convinced that we have no alternative left but to adjourn, 
 or to submit to the selection of a Senate opposed to those reforms, both 
 of the constitution and of the administration of the government of the 
 State, which our constituents desire to see accomplished — Therefore, 
 
 "Resolve this meeting do now adjourn. 
 
 CHARLES McCIILL, President. 
 
 George A. Thomas, vSecretary." 
 
 The calm at Annapolis whilst this peaceful revolution was in pro- 
 gress was in strong contrast with the excitement prevailing in other 
 parts of the State. People generally felt a political catastrophe was 
 at hand Avhich threatened the destruction of property and govern- 
 ment, and with these direful forebodings the timid saw impending 
 and overwhelming evil, Avhilst the courageous prepared to meet the 
 coming danger with heroic effort. 
 
 In many places in the State public meetings were held. At Balti- 
 more, an immense gathering of citizens denounced the nineteen in 
 forcible terms, and similar meetings followed in Washington, Freder- 
 ick, and Allegany counties, at which all pledged themselves to sustain 
 the supremacy of the law. On the 18th of October, the grand jury of 
 Allegany county presented tlie nineteen electors "as unfaithful public 
 agents and disturbers of the pul)lic peace." 
 
 In the interim, whilst the whig electors remained out of the College, 
 and awaited events, the presidential election was held. On the day 
 following, November 8th, Governor Thomas W. Veazey issued a pro- 
 clamation denouncing in severe terms the conduct of the "recusant 
 electors and their abettors," calling on the civil and military authori- 
 ties to be in readiness to maintain the law, and convening tlie old 
 Senate and House of Delegates to assemble on the 31st of November. 
 
 The proclamation addeil greatly to the excitement in the State, and 
 was responded to cordially. One company, the Planter's Guards, 
 tendered their services to the executive to support the authority of 
 law. Happily their aid was never required. 
 
 Although the nineteen, Major Sprigg Harwood, who lived at An- 
 napolis, alone excepted, had left the capital, steamboat load after 
 steamboat load of people came to the city, in the spirit of some vague 
 knight errantry, hopeful that they might by some means influence the 
 nineteen to absolve their resolve. 
 
 The strain, as shown by Major Harwood's statement, proved too 
 great for the nerves of John S. Sellman, of Anne Arundel, or else the 
 specific promises he received were inducement enough to make him re- 
 pent, early in October, his determination not to take part in the elec- 
 tion of a Senate. He was followed by Wesley Linthicum, of the same 
 county, on November 12th. Sellman signified this intention by letter
 
 250 ''The Ancient City.'' 
 
 to his associates in tiie coinmunieation of the lOtli of September to 
 the twenty-one whig electors. 
 
 The election of Delegates to the House hastened the dissolution of 
 the coml)ination. Sixty whigs and Ijut nineteen Van Buren, or demo- 
 cratic delegates, were returned. The Anne Arundel, Queen Anne's, 
 and Caroline county electors regarded the elections in their counties, 
 as instructions from their constituents, and November 19th, Mr. 
 Wesley Linthicum, of Anne Arundel county. Dr. Enoch George and 
 John B. Thomas, of Queen Anne's county, and Marcy Fountain, of 
 Caroline county, all of "the glorious nineteen," a|)peared, and also 
 qualified as Senatorial electors. The College, theii composed of 
 twenty-six members, proceeded to elect a Senate. 
 
 On the 25th of Jsoveraber, Governor Veazey sent a special message 
 to the General Assembly on this subject in wliich he declared "'the an- 
 nals of party contention and political errors and aberations from duty" 
 «• » «■ "would be searched in vain for a case of such j)lain and pal- 
 pable violation of constitutional duty and moral ol)ligations as the 
 conduct of the recusant electors of the Senate of Maryland exhibits." 
 He regretted no statue existed to meet such an emergency and sug- 
 gested tlie passage of one. 
 
 But the revolt had crystalized pul)lic ojiiuion on the subject of the 
 needed reforms in State government and the measures for which the 
 democrats contended were generally conceded Ijy the Lcirislature. One 
 was the election of the Governor by the people. The democrats 
 thereu|inn held tnis office, with but one exception, from that date 
 down to 1857. There being no statutory punishment for their offence, 
 the whigs who generally had control of the Senate, visited an unwrit- 
 ten penalty on "the glorious nuieteen." Xo matter to what office 
 one of them was ever appointed by the Governor, a whig Senate would 
 invariably reject the appointment. 
 
 CHAPTER LI. 
 'MOE MoRGrE." 
 
 The Jlaryland RepuhUcan, of August, 1836, contained the obitu- 
 ary of a very remarkable character. The article read : 
 
 ^'Mr. Joseph Simmons, the oldest inhabitant of this city, departed 
 this life on Sunday evening last, at the moment the church bell tolled 
 for three o'clock — that bell which from time inunemorial he had him- 
 self tolled regularly five or six times every day. There lives not tliis 
 day a native of Annapolis, nay, h.irdly any one that has ever dwelt 
 amongst, or sojourned witiiin our borders, that will not on meeting 
 this melauclioly note, recall tlie web known sound of our church bell 
 and the striking figure of the old man that has so punctually attended 
 to the precise moment of ringing the hour ever since the oldest of us 
 can remember. 'Ere the church was a ruin," on the spot, where the
 
 History of Annapolis. 251 
 
 present venerable edifice now stands, old Joseph was bell ringer. Xot 
 one man that ever has been a member of the Legislature, Executive, 
 •or Superior Judiciary of tlie State of Maryland, not a student of St. 
 John's College, or a scholar of our humbler schools, but will remem- 
 ber the well known summons which his bell gave them alternately to 
 duties and to relaxation. Alas I old Joseph rings no more. 
 
 "Whether it was by the influence of association that he had ac- 
 quired the habit of punctuality, we pretend not to determine, but 
 Mr. S. had deservedly obtained the reputation of being one of the 
 most punctual of men. 
 
 "This estimable quality he carried into the several departments of 
 his pursuits in life. As a collector of accounts, which before he be- 
 ■came too infirm he was considerably employed in, he was proverbial for 
 recollecting and attending to the very moment appointed. 
 
 "The same valuable precision was carried by him into the perfor- 
 mances of the duties of Sexton, which he filled perhaps for the last 
 forty years. 
 
 "But it was at grave digging, that the deceased enjoved the dis- 
 tinction of having held an office longer than perhaps any man ever 
 did, nay, possibly ever will do, in this State. Undisturbed by the 
 violence of those party contentions which would seem to spare no place 
 however humble, unmoved even by the tide of revolution itself, by 
 wnich allegiance was dissolved and a new and glorious nation was 
 created, he held the prerogatives and performed the duties of grave 
 digger to our community ; for with honest pride we record it, we have 
 here but one general receptable for the dead. In that single field is 
 buried all social distinctions. Long before this field, now studded over 
 with grave stones, on many of which the thick moss of a former cen- 
 tury has accumulated, was disturbed to deposit the relics of the dead, 
 was this old man our grave digger. Of all the vast concourse in this 
 gi-ave yard reposing, his hand" has prepared and rounded the graves. 
 At length, sinking under the accumulated weight of nearly one hun- 
 dred years, he is quietly deposited as one amongst the multitude his 
 labours had gathered 'together. Accordingly to his last, and often 
 repeated injunction, he is laid close by the side of him that in this life he 
 loved the most, and, at whose death, was well known all over America, 
 fifty years ago, as the famous inn keeper at Annapolis, and for whose 
 ample table, it was the province of this, his then faithful steward, to 
 market and provide. 
 
 "Amidst the many peculiarities of character that distinguished the 
 deceased, some of which no doubt grew one of an occupation that 
 seventy or eightv years had made perfectly familiar to him, though 
 spoken and even 'thought of with a strange superstition, awe and 
 aversion by some "grown up children," — amidst all his peculiarities 
 we say, none were more distinct than his strict veracity, honesty, and 
 •sobriety." 
 
 This'obituary of Simmons sharply defines the aged sexton s char- 
 acter. There come down to us to color the silhouette, anecdotes of. 
 his oddities and peculiaiities. 
 
 Simmons is yet remembered by some who live in Anna]iolis. When 
 he had reached a centennarian's age, he was an object of interest to 
 all. With his white hair flowing over his shoulders, his aged form 
 tottering with the weight of years, his shackling step, and the som-
 
 252 "The Ancient City.'' 
 
 brenessof his occupation, he presented to the mind the apparition of 
 Old Time himself, lacking only the emblematic scythe to make the 
 picture complete. 
 
 It was such a character that gave a thrill of terror to tlie juvenile 
 mind whenever he came in sight, for it was the belief of the children 
 that if Simmons looked at one and said : "I want you," the day of 
 doom for it was fixed. Having occasion then to pass the aged sex- 
 ton, the children were wont to don their most courteous graces, and 
 with unusual politeness to simper in softest accents — "How do, Mr. 
 Morgue?" This nickname, and that it was one the children were 
 quite ignorant of, always infuriated Simmons, as the astonished chil- 
 dren found l)y the sexton's vigorous replies that they had missed their 
 mark, and had produced an effect just opposite from what they had 
 intended. 
 
 Tlie spirit of Simmons' occupation became more and more a part of 
 him as his years grew apace. He had been known after somebody had 
 offended him to pass an innocent gentleman on the street and to take 
 a ghastly satisfaction in hissing at him, "I'll have you someday," in 
 a tone that indicated that he thought, with him, remained the issues 
 of life and death. 
 
 Simmons, however, had a genial side to that grim nature that made 
 him a terror to young people and an offence to older folk. Amongst 
 other duties that ai^pertained to that of sexton ot St. Anne's, was the 
 ringing of "the one o'clock bell." On one occasion, as he was going 
 into church on that duty, a lady said to him, "Oh, Mr. Simmons, do 
 
 not ring that bell until I get home. Mr. likes everybody to 
 
 be iTady to sit down to dinner at one." "Well, then," replied Sim- 
 mons brusquely, "walk fast." As the lady put her foot on the first 
 step of the porch of her house which was in the extreme end of the 
 town, the bell of Old St. Anne's rang out the hour of one. Simmons 
 had arrested the march of time to please his fair petitioner. 
 
 It was Simmons' habit when the clergyman ended the service for 
 the dead at the grave to give a hearty, "••Amen." There lived at An- 
 napolis at this period, the Rev. Mr. Wyatt. He was of tlie Episcopal 
 Communion with strong Methodistic tendencies. On one occasion when 
 Parson Wyatt, as he was familiarly known, was reading the service, 
 some boys offended Simmons and he vented his wrath in language not 
 permitted by the decalogue. The minister and sexton finished speak- 
 ing together, and Sinunons ejaculated "Amen." Parson Wyatt 
 waited until the attendants at the funeral had departed, and, taking 
 his cane in hand, shook it in Simmons' face, saying — "Don't you ever 
 dare to stand along side of me again and say ainen to any service I 
 perform." Simmons, pointing to the other side of the grave as if the 
 question at issue was one of position only, angrily retorted— "Well 
 then go over on the other side." 
 
 Col. Mann, whom Simmons had faithfully served for years as caterer 
 to Mann's Hotel, had touched the chords of his affection. Over his 
 grave alone, of all the human dust he had interred, Simmons wept. 
 
 One incident has come down to us that does not reflect his charac- 
 ter in an enviable light. There was in Annapolis one familliarly called, 
 "Jeffrey Jig," (from whom Jeffrey's Point took its name,) who with 
 "Jinny Corncracker." his wife, lived at the foot of Duke of Glouces- 
 ter street in a little hut so small they could not stand in it erect. Jef-
 
 Histor'y of Annapolis. 253 
 
 Irey periodicall^v fell into a comatose state and was several times pre- 
 pared for interment , but always awoke in time to prevent the funeral. 
 On one occasion his resuscitation was deferred until he was placed in 
 the grave. Then as the grim sexton threw in the clods of the val- 
 ley, a noise was heard in the coffin. The bystanders said Jeffrey was 
 alive. Hardly realizing, let us believe, that the dead was alive, Sim- 
 mons continued to fill up the grave, tradition says with the remark : 
 "He's got to die sometime ; and if he was not dead, he ought to be," 
 
 CHAPTER LII. 
 Chrojsicles of Axxapolis from 1810 to 1839. 
 
 [1810-12.] During the years 1810-12, tradition tells us George 
 Frederick Cooke, the brilliant and dissolute English actor played in 
 the Annapolis theatre. 
 
 [1S18.] Rev. Kalph Higginbotham, vice-principal of St. John's 
 College, diedxVpril 21. 
 
 In October, Dr. D. Claude and Lewis Duval were elected delegates 
 from Annapolis to the Legislature. The vote was Dr. Claude 157 ; 
 Lewis Duvall 157 ; T. H. Bowie 90. The two fii-st were Democrats ; 
 the last a Federalist. 
 
 [1S14.] Dr. Upton Scott, aged 90 years, died in Annapolis, on the 
 23rd of February. He was a native of Ireland, but had resided in 
 Annapolis 00 years. His career was one of unbroken virtue, dignity, 
 and usefulness. He was the chosen friend of Gen. Wolfe. 
 
 [1815.] On Saturday, February 25, 1815, a company of Pennsyl- 
 vanians, from the neighborhood of Brownsville, and commanded by 
 Capt. Giesey, was honorably discharged from the service. They won 
 a high reputation among the citizens of Annapolis for their good 
 conduct and scrupulous regard for the rights of tlie citizens. 
 
 [181G.] On Saturday, the IGth of March, His Britannic Majesty's 
 frigate Xiger, of 32 guns, Capt. Jackson, arrived off Annapolis, with 
 the Hon. Henry Bagot, Minister to the United States, his lady and 
 suite. The frigate gave the town a salute of 17 guns, which was re- 
 turned by the City Battery. The Ministerial party landed the next 
 day. under a salute from the sliip, and proceeded to Washington. 
 
 Pulilic feeling ran very high in the spring of this year over an al- 
 leged attempt on the part of the federalist to colonize the town with 
 permanent residents of federal proclivities so as to carry the city for 
 the Federalist Party. The democrats held a public meeting, in which 
 the scheme was denounced in a string of resolutions. Party animosi- 
 ties were so bitter when the pedagogue of the town, one Mr. Bassford, 
 changed his politics from democrat to federalist, his school became so 
 reduced in numbers he had to quit the town. 
 
 On Thursday, May 23, the U. S. S. Washington, 74 guns. Com. 
 Chauncey arrived oft" Annapolis. President Madison and wife, the
 
 254 "The Ancient City.'' 
 
 Secretary of the Navy, Cominodores Rog'ers and Porter came to An- 
 napolis, "stopping at Caton's. (now the City Hotel,) and visited the 
 frigate. On June 7tli, the Washington sailed, having on hoard the 
 celebrated William Pinkney and his family. Mr. Pinkncy went as 
 minister to N;i[)les. 
 
 At the election for delegates to tlie Legislature from Annapolis this 
 year the federalists reduced the democratic majority. The vote was : 
 
 Federalists, Alex. C. Magruder, 91 ; Richard Ilarwood, of Thos. 90. 
 Democrats, Lewis Dnvall 109 : Dennis Claude 109. 
 
 [1817.] The question of removirg the capital to Baltimore was 
 agitated m the Tjegislature of 1817 and referred to the next assembly. 
 
 The strongest i)oint made airainst proposed removal was the mob in 
 Baltimore in 1812, when Lingan was killed. 
 
 Christopher Hohne, at the same session, was voted fifty dollars for 
 venturing his life by going on the roof of the State House to extin- 
 guish a fii"e. 
 
 Fort Severn at this period was put in an excellent state of repair 
 under the supervision of Capt. James Reed, assisted byLieuts. Bache 
 and Smook. Fort Madison, at same time lay. in a state of dismantled 
 desuetude. 
 
 On the 14th of August, Mrs. Ann Ogle, died at the advanced age 
 of 94 years. Her remains were interred in the family vault at Wliite 
 Hall, at the seat of Horatio Ridout, Esq. 
 
 The quaint cut of a steamI)oat appears in the (razette of September 
 18,1817. It seems there was a very just suspicion in the minds of 
 the public that steamboats were not altocrether the safest mode of 
 conveyance. So the proprietors, George Stiles & Son. of Baltimore, 
 advertised that the Surprise's l:'oilers, which steamer ran bctwee': 
 Baltimore and Annapolis, "will be proved every month to bear double 
 the pressure at which they are worked.'" It was propelled by an en- 
 gine on the rotary motion, and moved "with more ease and swiftness 
 than any steamboat in the United State." 
 
 The subject of a naval depot at Annapolis was agitated in Novem- 
 ber, 1817. A committee, consisting of Messrs. Hughes and Stephen, 
 was appointed by the corporation to memoralize the general govern- 
 ment on the subject and the President of the United States was ad- 
 dressed a long conununication in which it was stated that "Annapolis 
 is, from its situation, more accessible from the ocean than any other 
 port within a convenient distance from the city of Washington. It 
 has been spontaneously selected by the ministers from foreign provi- 
 nces for their places of landing and oiir OAvn envoys have "generally 
 made it the point of their departure." 
 
 The memorialists also told how the French 74, L'Eole, drawing 
 twenty-one feet, seven inches, had come in the harbor of Annapolis in 
 1807. when the tide was not at its height, and that one mile above. 
 Fort Severn^ the river was 50 feet deep. 
 
 [1818.] .January 34, a meeting was held in Annapolis looking to 
 the formation of a branch society to colonize, with their consent the 
 free colored people of the United States in Africa. 
 
 The Legislature of 1818 showed no disposition to move the capital 
 to Baltimore, although the corporation of Baltnnore pledged all the 
 funds necessary to erect public buildings in case the capital was re- 
 •moved. An elfort to remove the capital to Baltimore, was also made 
 n 1864. It was again unsuccessful. The location of the seat of
 
 History of Annapolis. 255 
 
 government at Annapolis is now a part of the organic law of the 
 State. 
 
 On the 28th of May. President Monroe visited Annapolis and was 
 received by Jolm Randall, Mayor of Annapolis, and pri'scMited with a 
 series of complimentary resolutions by the City Council, and was given 
 a Ijanquet Ijy the citizens. The President visited Fort Severn where he 
 was saluted with cannon. He then sailed up the Severn on the revenue 
 cutter Active, as far as lloinid Bay, to obtain a view of the river. 
 He remained until Saturday morning, the 30th. 
 
 At the election in October to select delegates to the Legislature 
 from Annapolis, the following was the vote ; Democrats — Dr. Dennis 
 Claude 143. John Stephen 135 ; Federals— Robt. Welch of Ben. 113, 
 Addison Ridout 107. 
 
 [1819.] The question of changing the charter of Annapolis, which 
 had remained almost untouched since its grant by Queen Anne in 1708^ 
 arose in 1819. A writer declared "its provisions are of the most 
 odious kind, and in the highest degree repugnant to the sentiments, 
 the feelings, and the wishes of the independent citizens of a free re- 
 public. In the true spirit of aristocracy, it permits none but free- 
 holders to hold the office of mayor, alderman, or common councilman, 
 and denies to our citizens the privilege of election more than one of 
 the branches of government." Vacancies in the board of aldermen 
 were filled by the common council, out of their own body, and also 
 the Mayor was elected by a joint vote of the two branches, out of the 
 board of common council. The charter was pronounced "one of the 
 most aristocratical and absurd charters that ever disgraced the land 
 of freedom." The movement was successful, and by act of December 
 session, 1818, chapter 194, the charter of the city was altered and 
 amended. On the fifth, the first Monday in April, 1819, the first 
 election under the new city charter occurred, and the following were 
 elected to fill the respective offices : 
 
 Mayor — Lewis Duvall. 
 
 Recorder — Thomas H. Carroll. 
 
 Alderman — James Hunter, Francis Hollingsworth, John Randall, 
 Sr., Henry Duvall, Alex. C. Magruder. 
 
 Common Councilmen — John T. Barber, Geo. Schwrar, Joseph Sands, 
 Washingron Gr. Tuck, William M'Parlin, Henry Magruder, James- 
 Shaw. 
 
 Sunday schools were opened in Ajinapolis, in April, 1818. The 
 number of scholars entered during the year was 64. The colored 
 scholars numbered over 20. The schools were under the charge of one 
 directress and four superintendents, with a number of ladies, acting 
 in roiation, as teachers. The school .does not seem to have been 
 denominational. 
 
 In this year, the time appears most vague from the indefinite terms 
 used by the correspondents from whom the facts are taken, tiie col- 
 lector of the United States, at Annap»lis, had possession of certain 
 goods, taken from a British vessel, on a charge of smuggling. The 
 state court issued a writ of replevin. The high sheriif of Ainie Arun- 
 del proceeded to serve the writ, and the collector sent to Fort Severn, 
 and when the sheriff attempted to take the goods, he and his posse 
 were met by a United States officer and a file of soldiers standing be- 
 tween him and the goods. The excitement amongst the citizens of 
 Annapolis was intense. A number armed themselves, and executed
 
 ■250 ' ' T u E Ancient City.'' 
 
 the writ in spite of the soldiers, "nor was it without considerable 
 personal exertion on the part of gentlemen holding high judicial aud 
 .executive offices under the state, that the tumult was prevented from 
 becoming more serious and fatal." 
 
 [1820.] The Religious and Literary Repository was commenced in 
 Annapolis on Saturday January 15, 1820. It was edited by a Society 
 of Laymen, members of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Its life 
 seemed to have i>een of short duration. 
 
 February 28, Charles Carroll, of Ca,:-rolton. living then at Annapolis, 
 at the i-ipe old age of 82, was represented as a striking instance "of 
 activity of body, and energy of mind, evidencing a constitution pre- 
 served by the strictest discipline, which promises him long to "this 
 country and the community of which he has long been considered the 
 most venerable and distinguished ornament. His mansion has given 
 celebrity to the hospitality of Maryland, t)y being open to distin- 
 guished visitors from every quarter of the union and every civilized 
 •country of the globe. The utility of his public life is gilded by the 
 peaceful beams of his declining years. A worthy associate of those 
 men whose names are engraved ujwn a bolder monument than the 
 pyramids of Egypt." 
 
 On Tuesday morning, September 28, the II. B. M. Frigate Spartan, 
 arrived at Annapolis having on l)oard Stratford Canning, Esq. , the 
 British Minister, and Mr. Charles F. Wilmot, his secretary. Fort 
 Severn and the frigate exchanged saints. 
 
 [1821.] Acts of December session, 1820, chapter 67, provided for 
 the building of the present Court House in Annapolis. The commis- 
 sioners to superintend the building were Richard Ridgely, Thomas B. 
 Dorsey, Samuel Brown, Jr., Henry Woodward, Lancelot Warfield, 
 Thomas Hodges, Rezin Estep Joseph McCeney, Jamer P. Soaper, 
 Francis Hancock, John T. Barber, and Richard Harwood, of Thomas. 
 Twelve thousand dollars was the limit of the levy to be made for the 
 -Court House. 
 
 October 10th. Wra. Kilty, aged Qi years. Chancellor of the State, 
 died. Hon. .John Johnson was appointed Chancellor in his stead. 
 
 [1822.] It is not uninteresting and will have a mollifying eifect on 
 those v.'ho believe that rings political, only in these latter days, en- 
 .cireled the body politic, to hear Mr. John C. Weems, of Elk Ridge, 
 openly under his own signature declare against the "Star Chamber of 
 Annapolis, where it is believed by tho-e few keepers of the State, and 
 more particularly of this congressional district, that no man can be 
 found as well calculated to support their contest, as my friend Doctor 
 Kent, who by Mr. Howard's account, has been brought out in direct 
 opposition to myself, although he assured me four years ago, he never 
 would be again in my way, and although he last vear assured General 
 Marriott, he would not be in his way." The writer further iiulicates 
 that the "Annapolis-Junto, "as he styles the unnamed State Managers 
 of that day, had already laid out a plan of elections by the people pre- 
 cisely in the order, it is currently -eported and generallv Iwlieved, that 
 the political leaders parcel out beforehand posititions and places to- 
 day. 
 
 Septemljei- 15th, at the early age of 38, Jehu Chandler, a native of 
 Delaware, l)ut for the previous thirteen years a resident of Annapolis, 
 and editor of the Republican, died.
 
 H 1 s T » R Y ov Annapolis. 257 
 
 The idty election on Monday, October 1822, presented the curions 
 incident of two men running before the people for two offices each on 
 the same day. Lewis Duvall was a candidate for Mayor of Annapolis 
 and delegate to the Legislature for Annapolis. To the former office 
 he was elected. For the latter he was defeated by the following vote : 
 Caucus — Jeremiah Hughes 152. Thomas H. Carroll 147. Anti-Cau- 
 cus — Col. Lewis Duvall 139. Thomas H. Carroll was also elected re- 
 corder of the city the same day. 
 
 September 24th, Dr. Railerty, Vice Principal of St. .John's College, 
 advertised a course of lectures upon Natural Philosophy, to be illus- 
 trated with experiments. The Philosophic Apparatus of the College 
 at this time had cost nearly $5,000, and "was made by the first artists 
 in London." The apparatus, however, did not arrive in time and the 
 course was postponed until the next year. 
 
 November 2, Jeremiah Hughes took charge ot the Maryland Repuh- 
 lica/i. as proprietor. 
 
 [1823.] In December Session, 1822, a bill was passed To incorporate 
 a company to build a bridge over the Severn River. Reverdy John- 
 son was among the directors to open books for subscription. Thirty- 
 five thousand dollars was the amount of capital stock in 1400 shares at 
 $25 each. The structure was to be at Ainiapolis and was to be a toll 
 bridge. The draw was to be forty feet wide. The bridge was not 
 then built. It was not until 1886 that this bridge was finally erected. 
 The County Commissioners who executed the work were Wm. Brewer 
 Gardiner, Arthur Carr, Wm. P. Baldwin, Wm. A. Shipley, and Wm. 
 Jones. 
 
 In this year Strawlterry Hill Farm, now the Government Farm, op- 
 posite Annapolis, on which stood for many years the Alms House of 
 the county, was sold by the trustees of the poor for $(i, 000. The trus- 
 tees then purchased the commodious house and ten acres on the south 
 S'de of South River, now in use, as the Alms House, from Mr. Lari- 
 more. This is on the site of a town projected in the early history of 
 the firovince imder the ambitious title of New London. 
 
 In .Tune of this year the committee, to which was referred the annual 
 report of the Mayor, dismissed the question of police for the city saying 
 that ''if, instead of one city constable, three men of good, energetic, firm, 
 and respectable standing, could be obtained, and give them $80 per 
 annum each, who should at all times, by night as well as by day. pa- 
 trol the city, and particularly on the Sabbath, and that their salary 
 should l^e made payable quarter yearly, by an order from the Mayor 
 to him, they should weekly report, and be accountable for the feace 
 of the city. But when your committee view ♦^heir fellow-citizens, 
 with respect to having this service performed, as it should be to our 
 city, they confess themselves under conviction that it would be ex- 
 tremely difficult to find men possessing the necessary qualifications." 
 A further insight into the state of local affairs is seen by the statement 
 of a writer in the public press, that "one-third of the revenue of this 
 city is pocketed by those holding appointments under the corpora- 
 tion." 
 
 Resolutions were introduced in the Corporation of Annapolis in 
 January, by Mr. Shaw, for subscribing for shares of stock in the com- 
 pany, incorporated to build a bridge over Severn River. 
 17
 
 258 ''The Ancient City.'' 
 
 As an evidence of the scarcity of ready money in the Spring of 1823, 
 and tlie morality of the county." at the Ajiril term of Court, over U80 
 suits were brouglit and only one indictirent found Ity the Grand .rury 
 and that of petty larceny. Anne Arundel at this time was the third 
 in population in the State, havitii? nearly 80.000 inhabitants. It was 
 before Howard had l)eeu carved out of Anne Arundel. 
 
 By tlie report of the Mayor. Lewis Duvall, made in April of this 
 year, it is learned -'that the Police of the city is too nuicli weakened, 
 within the last few months, by the discontinuance of, or from reducing' 
 the number of city-constables, from wliicli period the city a])pears to 
 have relapsed into its former ])ropensities. by induldntr in riots and 
 noise at nights, and jramV)ling on tlie .'^al)l)ath and other days, to the 
 annoyance of sundry parts of the city." 
 
 An article written for tiie 3Iaryla)i,d Rt'puhJkaihOi June 21st, raises 
 the question, and jjarenthetically answered it, wiiether. or not. the cele- 
 brated Marshal Ney of France, was not "a certain Michael Rudol[»h," 
 of Cecil county. Maryland, who had served with distiuLruished bravery 
 as a Captain in Lee'sdragoons during the Ameri-'ian Revolutioti. Xey's 
 nejihew, Edward C. Genet, gave the true piace of hi-i birth as one of 
 the German departments of France, in 17(50. 
 
 The pleasures of the turf in Annapolis were attended %vith evils that 
 afflict them in modern days. The Mnrxjhind Rp.])uhli,c(in, of October 
 I8th, says: "It is with pleasure we announce that the members of 
 the .Tockey Club have reconsidered their articles of association and 
 abandoned the proposed races this season. If there be any advantage 
 to the breed of horses, in such sports we have certainly been paying 
 too dear a price for that advantage in the sacrifice of time, money, 
 character, and morals which the race week costs." 
 
 [1824.] A census of the population of Annapolis was taken February 
 1824, The popidation was 2,500 including the United States Troops, 
 in Fort Severn. In 1820, the census had made the number 2.260. 
 
 During the December Session of the Legislature, of 1823, protracted 
 until March, the question of the right of the soldiers, stationed at 
 Fort Severn, to vote in Annapolis at the State and national elections 
 arose in the General Assembly. Tlie question came to the Legis- 
 lature under a petition from the fifty-one men stationed at the Fort. The 
 Fort was then in the corporate limits of Annapolis. The judges of 
 election in the preceding Octolier election "refused to receive the votes 
 of certain soldiers who had been in Fort Severn a longer term than 
 six months, and who were citizens of this state at the time they en- 
 tered into the service of the United States." Some of the very 'men 
 who were not allowed to vote at this election had voted at former elec- 
 tions. The indignation on the subject was further heightened by 
 the fact that the offic>-rs had been allowed to vote. The Legislature 
 adopted the report of the connnittee on the subject that it was then 
 inexpedient to legislate on this question. 
 
 On the first Monday of April, the city election occurred between the 
 Caucus and Anti-Caucus party. The vote stood for Mayor — anti-cau- 
 cus, R. Harwood, 161 ; caucus, James Boyle — 152. For Recorder — 
 anti-caucus, E. D. Ridgely, 159 ; T. H. "Carroll, caucus— 156. For 
 Aldermen, the following anti-caucus party men were elected : T. An- 
 derson, 161 ; J. N. Watkins, 162; J. W. Duvall, 159 ; caucus— D. 
 Claude, 159 ; J. Williamson, 157. For Common Councilmen — the an- 
 Li-caucus men elected J. Randall, Jr., 161 ; Geo. Shaw, 160 ; Bennett
 
 F^ IS TORY OF Annapolis. 2.t9 
 
 Hurst. 159: the caucus— W. G. Tuck. 158; B. B. Brewer, 158: J. 
 Hughes. 158. W. K. Thompson. P. Schwrar and Jona Hutton, anti- 
 caucus, and J. Boyd, caucus, each received 157 votes, and a new elec- 
 tion had to he held to elect one Common Councilman. At that elec- 
 tion the vote stood W. P. Thomi.son, 154 ; J. L. Boyd, 185. These 
 parties represented on one side a party opposed to the caucus system of 
 nomination and on the other the advocates of it. 
 
 August 12th, U. B. M. Frigate Pha-ton, 44 guns. Captain Sturt, 
 arrived in Annapolis with Mr. Vaughin, minister plenipotentiary from 
 the Court of St. James to America. The usual salutes were ex- 
 changed between Port Severn and the ship. The Mayor. General 
 Havwood. and others waited on the minister, and congratulated him on 
 his arrival. The Minister, whilst in the city, gave a dinner to Capt. 
 Sturt. in honor of his attentions during the voyage. 
 
 March 9th, Dr. Wm. Raiferty, was chosen Principal of St. John's 
 College. 
 
 In April, the Baltimore Medical College, awarded the first premium 
 medal to Dr. Edward Sparks, of Annapolis, for the best medical Latin 
 thesis. 
 
 On Monday, April 19th, the boiler of the Steamboat Eagle, on her 
 first trip from Annapolis to Baltimore, exploded off NorthPoint. A 
 soldier from Port Severti was killed, four persons were scalded, and 
 Captain Weems and all his crew, more or less injured. Among the 
 scalded was Henry M. Murray, of Annapolis, aged 34 years, who sub- 
 sequently died of his injuries. The explosion set the Eagle on fire but 
 it was extinguished by the crew and passengers. The sou of Captain 
 Weems, a lad of 13 or 13 years, was blown through the sky-light from 
 the cabin without sustaining serious injury. 
 
 [1825.] At the foot of Maryland Avenue, on the Severn, now part 
 of the Naval Academy, ran transversely thehighest hills in and about 
 Annapolis. They remained until that part of the city was taken into 
 the Naval Academy. About the year, 1835, Daniel H. Wiggins, an 
 ingenious inventor of various implements, one of which was a wheat 
 drill, which successfully accomplished the work, conceived the idea of 
 erecting on this prominent elevation a wind-mill that would run on 
 any quarter from which the wind would blow. The idea conceived, 
 the mill was built. On the day for it to start, the assembled citizens 
 gathered around the ingenious contrivance, the sails were set, the 
 wind filled their open wings, and the latent machineiy began to move. 
 Around and around it went obedient to the currents, but utterly un- 
 controUaljlf by the inventor. He had neglected to provide means by 
 which to throw off the power, and to render the mill subservient to 
 his will. There it went on whirling and whirring to the chagrin of 
 the inventor, who had to abandon his creation to the elements as a 
 monument of misdirected genius. 
 
 The power was taken from the wind and conveyed to the mill by 
 means of sails rigged to the spokes of a wheel that any wind would 
 revolve. 
 
 [1837.] In this year the act was passed which established the State 
 Library. The law restricted the use of the books to members of the 
 executive or legislative departments.' 
 
 In October, George Wells, Jr., and John N. Watkins were elected 
 delegates from Annapolis to the Legislature. It seems to have been
 
 260 ''TheAncient City." 
 
 a purely personal contest and party lines were not drawn. The vote 
 was George Wells, Jr., 151 ; John N. Watkins, 143; Henry Hobbs, 
 143 ; Richard J. Crabb, 141. 
 
 In April of this year. Dr. Dennis Claude, was elected Mayor by this 
 vote : Dr. Dennis Claude, 154 ; Richard J. Crabb, 138. 
 
 [1828.] In Annapolis this year, national politics showed itself in the 
 eiectiou for delegates to the Le:,'islature. The vote was : 
 
 Jackson ticket— Richard J. Crabb, 158 ; Thomas Anderson, 148. 
 Adams ticket— .John N. Watkins, 153 ; George Wells, Jr., 149. 
 
 Jeremiah Townley Chase, an ex-member of Congress, and Chief Judge 
 of the Court of Appeals of Maryland, died in Annapolis, May 11th, aged 
 nearly 80 years. 
 
 Jeremiah Townley Chase was from early manhood until nearly the 
 close of his long ' and active life, a jmblic man in many im- 
 portant offices, in all of which he acquitted himself with honor and 
 distinction. Mr. Chase was born in Baltimore in 1748, and removed 
 to Annapolis in 1779. He was Mayor of Annapolis in 1783, and de- 
 livered the address of welcome to General Washington when he came 
 to resign his commission in 1783. He also enjoyed the honor of meet- 
 ing and welcoming Lafayette, when he crossed the Prince George's 
 laorder and entered Anne Arundel in 1824, on his way to visit Annapo- 
 lis Judge Chase took an early and decided part in the arduous and 
 doubtful contest with Great Britain, supporting with vigor the rights 
 of his country. During the whole of that trying conflict, he exhibited 
 the most active and patriotic zeal and unshaken firmness. 
 
 The beginning of his public services was his appointment upon the 
 first Committee of Safety in Baltimore, and he enlisted as a private in 
 one of the first military companies in Maryland. In February, 1775. 
 he was elected by Baltimore county, of which the town was then a 
 part, a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution, and 
 formed the Governmeno of the State, and was one of that body which 
 united in the Declaratint of Independence for Maryland. 
 
 He continued to be a representative from Baltimore until he re- 
 moved to Annap' lis. He was at that time elected a member of the 
 Executive Council, in which capacity he served to the close of the 
 Revolutionary War. It was this Governor, Thomas .Tohnson, in whose 
 council Judge Chase served, who received the acknowlegements of 
 General Washington for procuring supplies of flour and cattle for the 
 American Army. Judge Chase was a member of Congress in 1783, 
 and, in 1784, was appointed one of the Executive Committee of that 
 body to act in the recess of Congress. 
 
 In 1789, Mr. Chase wai appointed a Judge of the General Court of 
 the State. On the abolition of that Court, he was appointed Chief 
 Judge of the Third Judicial District, and Chief Judge of the Court of 
 Appeals. 
 
 In June, 1824, Judge Chase resigned the office of Chief Justice. In 
 the administration of justice, Judge Chase was firm, dignified, and im- 
 partial ; in the domestic circle, amiable ; in society, brilliant ; 
 in private conduct, kind and temperate ; exhibiting in all his acts, pub- 
 lic and private, the benign influence of a sincere Christian life. 
 
 Judge Chase died in 1828, and was buried in the City Cemetery, 
 Annapolis. 
 
 [1829.] In December Session, 1828, an act was passed incorporating 
 the Annapolis and Potomac Canal Company to connect the city of
 
 History OF Annapolis. 261 
 
 Annapolis and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company. The project 
 came to naught. 
 
 At the election for the Legislature this year, the following was the 
 vote in Annapolis : 
 
 Administration, (Jackson's Administration,) Richard J. Crabb, 150; 
 James Murray, 137 ; Anti-Administration, George Wells, Jr., 167; 
 Dr. Dennis Claude, 162. 
 
 [1830.] The tollowiiig extract, taken from the Maryland fraze^/e. of 
 May 13th, 1830, shows that the freemen of Annapolis early put the tem- 
 perance question in politics : 
 
 At a meeting of sundry individuals, held on the 14th of April, 1830, 
 in the city of Annapolis, the following Preamble and Resolutions were 
 adopted : 
 
 " M^hereas, the manner in which elections have been for a long time 
 conducted in the city of Annapolis, is viewed by us, as having a per- 
 nicious tendency to corrupt the morals of youth, as well as fraught 
 with evil to our citize-.is in general : And, tvhereas, the baneful effects 
 of such conduct cannot be counteracted successfully but by taking a 
 decided stand against it ; Therefore : 
 
 '■^Resolved by the undersigned, that we solemnly pledge ourselves to 
 vote for no candidate or candidates for any office, for which we are 
 entitled to vote, who shall himself give, or wlio shall for him, directly 
 or indirectly suffer to be given, any kind of ardent spirits, fermented 
 liquors, money, clothing or any thing else, to any voter or voters, at 
 any election, for the purpose of obtaining their votes. 
 
 '^Resolved fur fiber. That the course adopted by this meeting be re- 
 commended to our respectable fellow-citizens, and that they are in- 
 vited to unite with us in putting down an evil as degrading as it is 
 desolating. 
 
 '^Resolved, That in order to carry our object more fully into effect, 
 we agree to reserve our votes to 4 o'clock in the afternoon, unless the 
 business or circumstances of any of us should require him or them to 
 vote earlier. 
 
 "Resolved, That the above proceedings be published in the different 
 newspajaers printed in this city. 
 Signed by 
 Edward Williams, Samuel Goldsmith, 
 
 Lewis Gassaway, Grafton Munroe, 
 
 Basil Shephard, Thomas G. Waters, 
 
 Andrew Slicer, M. W. Conner, 
 
 Samuel Peaco, Jacob Bassford, 
 
 William Ross, Peter Saussac, 
 
 Vachel Severe, Samuel Parrott, 
 
 Daniel H. Wiggins, Daniel Dorsey, 
 
 Thomas Sands, W. J. Goldsborough, 
 
 Charles Henshaw, X. J. Watkins, 
 
 Thomas King, Jr., Philip Clayton, 
 
 Thomas King, William M'Parlin." 
 
 William Kirby, 
 They are dead, but around the names of many of them there lingers 
 the odor of a holy sanctity of life that has made their memory precious 
 to their descendants and an honor to the community. 
 
 [1831.] The startling episode of American slavery, Nat. Turner's re-
 
 263 "The Ancient City.'' 
 
 volt, alarmed the people of Anne Arundel, and companies of infantry- 
 were organized and night patrols established to defend the people from 
 an expected uprising. Whilst the whites were preparing for belligerent 
 measures, the following pacific action was taken in this city : 
 
 At anumerouslyattended meeting of the FreePeopleof Colourof the 
 city of Annapolis, and its vicinity, convened in the African Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, on the evening of October 4th, 1831, — to take into 
 consideration the propriety and expediency of adopting certain resolu- 
 tions, expressive of their views, wishes, and desires, the object of the 
 meeting having been explained by the Chairman, the following Pre- 
 aml)le and Resolutions were adopted : 
 
 •' Whereas certain rumors, accompanied with suspicions of an unfav- 
 orable character, have been in circulation througli the country respect- 
 ing the colored population, calculated to destroy the confidence which 
 the while population have reposed in them. 
 
 "Hesolved f/ierefore. That we deeply and sincerely regret that any 
 circumstance should liave transpired to create those suspicions. 
 
 "■Resolved, That we who reside in this city, and its vicinity, who now 
 compose this meeting, cannot refrain from expressing our grateful 
 acknowledgments in possessing the assurance that the confidence of 
 their white friends is still reposed in them, and that no rumor has 
 been able to impair the same. 
 
 "Resolved, That, as we are not insensil)lcof the friends we have 
 among the white population, and that many of them have labored to 
 ameliorate our condition, we pledge ourselves, that our future con- 
 duct and deportment shall continue to be such as will be calculated 
 to increase and continue their confidence and gocd wishes. 
 
 "Resolved, That should anything occur contrary to our views of 
 good order, peace, anrl tranquility, as inculcated in the word of God, 
 we will use every means and all our influence, lo put it down. 
 
 "Resolved, That we be grateful to Almighty God for the revelation 
 of his will to man, and tluit revelation teaches us, that it is our high- 
 est wisdom to live soberly, righteously and godly, in this present world, 
 that in the world to come we may be sharers of eteriuil life. 
 
 "Editors friendly to the aliove resolutions, will confer a favor on this 
 meeting, by giving them a few insertions, particularly those of our 
 city. 
 
 Signed, 
 
 HENRY PRICE, Chairman. 
 
 John Smith, Jr., Secretary." 
 
 It was in November of this year, 1831, that the project to build a 
 railroad between Baltimore and Annapolis was inaugurated. At the same 
 tnne the practicability of making the road connect'Washington, as well 
 as Baltimore, was suggested, hence came the twenty miles of road, 
 known from its charter in 1836, as the Annapolis and Elk Ridge Rail- 
 road. It was not, however, until February 6th, 1832, tluit'the l)ill 
 was passed to incorporate the Baltimore and Annapolis Railroad Com- 
 pany. Nothing appears to have come of this. In December 1836, 
 another act passed, naming Amos A. Williams, Leonard Iglehart, 
 Alexander Randall, Somerville Pinkney, George Wells, and EliasElli- 
 cott, as Commissioners to take subscriptions to the capital stock of the 
 ^Jl^^^^n^ ''^"^ ■^^'' ^•"^"*^ Railroad Company, which was placed at 
 !!t>150,000. The State subscribe $300,000 to the company's stock pro-
 
 History of Annapolis. 263 
 
 vided first, it was to be certified to the Treasurer for the Westeru 
 Shore that before the State's subscription was formally made that its 
 quota would complete the road. The Governor and his Council were 
 to appoint a State director for every $100,000 of stock subscribed by 
 the State. The private stockholders were given six directors by the 
 act. In May, 1837, it was publicly announced that sufficient stock 
 had been subscribed to organize the company, and the State's sub- 
 scription was thereupon made. 
 
 The first passenger train left Annapolis for the Annapolis Junction, 
 Christmas Day, 1840. Henry H. Bush, now living, was the engineer, 
 and James Miller, the conductor. 
 
 [1834.] A monument was suggested in January, to Charles Carroll, 
 of Carrollton, at Annapolis, on the liill on the Priests' property, east cor- 
 ner of Gloucester street, where a large walnut tree stood which tradi- 
 tion says sheltered Washington and Carroll. 
 
 In August, the young men of Annapolis crystalized their indigna- 
 tion at the "disp..sitionto deprive them of any participation ia the 
 political benefits (if the city," and nominated Sprigg Harwood and 
 Fi'ederick Louis Grammer, as candidates for the Legislature, repre- 
 senting the young men of the city. The nomination led to the usual 
 bitter newspajjer warfare that follows a new departure. The opposi- 
 tion put up Nicholas Brewer and George Wells. It was charged that 
 these nominations were coached l)y William B. Curran, a young man 
 in the employment of Mr. Blair, editor of the Washington Globe. The 
 election, in October, resulted : 
 
 0[)position — Sprigg IlarsYOod, 135 ; Fred. L. Gra nmer, 133. Nomi- 
 nation — Nicholas Brewer, 168 ; George Wells, 104. 
 
 [1835.] June 25th, the corner stone of Humphrey Hall, St. John's 
 College, was laid. John Johnson, delivered an eloquent address on 
 the occasion. The building committee were Ramsay Waters, John 
 Johnson, and Nicholas Brewer. R. C. Long, was the architect, and 
 Elijah Wells, the builder. 
 
 [1837.] The political titles of candidates for the Legislature this 
 year show that there vvas another change in political shibboleths. 
 The result was : Van Buren candidates — Richard J. Jones, 128 ; John 
 H. T. Magruder, 127. Whig candidates — Richard Swann, 154; Thos. 
 S. Alexander, 152. 
 
 [1839.] On Sunday, April 14th, 1839, Nicholas Brewer, father of 
 the late .ludge Nicholas Brewer, died. The following obituary ap- 
 peared in the next issue of the Marrjlawl Republican, evidently from 
 the pen of Jeremiah Hughes, the veteran editor of that Journal : 
 
 "Thus in the 68th year of his age, closes the earthly career of 
 another of the most active, firm, steady, and undeviating politicians of 
 this State, and of this age. A man who, as an oppuneut, was always 
 a Man, open, undisguised, straight-forward, and high-minded. As a 
 fxnend, no man was ever more ardent, whole-heai'ted, and sincere. 
 
 "For several years, and until attacked by the disease which finally 
 carried him off, Mr. Brewer, represented this city in the House ol 
 Delegates, of which he was one of the most useful and influential 
 members. He seldom spoke in the House : when he did his speech 
 was always brief, to the purpose — and never failed to command at- 
 tention. It may be truly said, that a delegate more devoted to the 
 interests of his constituents has never represented any people. Twice
 
 264 "The Ancient City.'' 
 
 or thrice, at earlier periods of his life, he served as Elector of the 
 Senate — a station usually appropriated to the most popular man in 
 each community. 
 
 "As a next door-neighbor and most intimate friend — as an associate 
 for the third of a century in every political struggle— in peace and in 
 war — through good and through evil report — in prosperity and in ad- 
 versity — sickness and health — we have known and can truly testify of 
 Nicholas Brewer, as a high-minded, public-spirited, patriotic, amiable 
 man — a man of inflexible integrity in public as in private life." 
 
 Mrs. Baldwin, who died in 1749, one hundred years old, the sup- 
 posed first person born in Anne Arundel, was the progenitor of Mrs. 
 Jeremiah Townley Chase, 7iee Hester Baldwin and Mrs. Samuel Chase, 
 nee Ann Baldwin. 
 
 CHAPTER LIII. 
 
 Location of the United States Naval Academy 
 AT Annapolis. 
 
 [1845.] As early as November 15. 1814, Hon. William Jones, Secre- 
 tary of the Navy, under President Madison, suggested the expediency 
 of establishing a Naval Academy. This recommendation, from its in- 
 ception to the establishment of the Naval Academy, in 1845, was fol- 
 lowed by the persistent and intelligent effort of the leading minds in 
 naval knowledge, and the best informed as to the maritime wants of the 
 country. 
 
 In 1825, two bills were before Congress, proposing the inauguration 
 of a naval school. Whilst these were pending, the Mai-yland Legisla- 
 ture January, 1826, passed the following : 
 
 "Resolved by the General Assembly of Maryland, That our Sena- 
 tors and Representatives in Congress be, and they are hereby requested 
 to call the attention of their respective houses to the superior advan- 
 tages which the city of Annapolis and its neighborhood possesses as a 
 situation for a Naval Academy, and that they use their best exertions 
 in favor of the establishment of such an institution." 
 
 This resolution reached the United States Senate February 7, 1826. 
 
 Repeated efforts at legislation had failed, once in 1826 by a single 
 v;te in the Senate, to give the United States a Naval Academy, when 
 the illustrious historian George Bancroft became Secretary of the 
 Navy in 1845. "His own profound scholarship, his rich and varied 
 culture, and his personal familiarity with educational methods, enabled 
 him to appreciate the want of the service and to devise a way in which 
 it might be supplied. To him the Navy owes the foundation of the 
 Naval Academy. He saw, as his predecessors had also seen that a 
 dozen separate schools without organization or intelligent supervision, 
 constituted as appendages to navy -yards and seagoing meu-of-war, 
 could produce no satisfactory results. He had seen, moreover, the
 
 History OF Annapolis. 265 
 
 failure of many efforts at legislation with a view to reforming the 
 systems. But he discovered what those before him had failed to see, 
 that with him lay the authority to remedy the evils, and that the 
 means were already provided. By placing a large number of pro- 
 fessors upon waiting orders — that is, by dispensing with their services 
 — a large part of the annual outlay for instruction might be saved ; 
 and by concentrating a few of the best men of the corps of instructors 
 at a suitable place, a school might be formed with an independent 
 organization."* 
 
 On June 2d, 1845, a board of naval officers met at the Philadelphia 
 Naval Asylum for the examination of midshipmen for promotion. 
 The board consisted of Commodores George C. Read, Thomas Ap 
 Catesby Jones, and Matthew C. Perry, and Captains E. A. F. Lavalette 
 and Isaac Mayo. 
 
 Amongst the instructions of the board was the following : 
 
 "Navy Department. 
 "Washington, June 13, 1845. 
 
 "Sir: I desire the assistance of your board in maturing a more 
 efficient system of instructions for the young naval officers. The op- 
 portunity which your present arduous and responsible duties as ex- 
 aminers of the school afford you of giving practical and useful advice 
 leads me to solicit your co-operation by as full a communication of 
 your opinion as is consistent witli your convenience. 
 
 "Fort Severn has been recommended to me as a more suitable 
 place for such a school than the Naval Asylum, especially as a vessel 
 could be stationed there to serve as a school in gunnery. 
 
 "The present term of instruction is too short. Might it not be well 
 to have permanent instruction, and to send all midshipmen on shore to 
 the school ? What plan of studies is most advisable? I hope youf 
 board will find time and will be disposed to aid me by their suggestions. 
 
 "I wish, also, that they would nominate, for my consideration, a 
 board of three experienced officers, whose qualifications incline them 
 to give long-continued attention to this subject, and who could liave 
 the permanency necessary to assift me until a plan can be matured- 
 If, from your own number, you would select such a board, or would 
 tak-e a wider scope in your selection, it would be acceptable to me." 
 
 "I am, respecfuUy, yours, 
 
 GEORGE BANCROFT, 
 
 Commodore George C. Read, 
 
 President Board of Examiners, &c., Philadelphia, Pa." 
 
 After a thorough examination of, and deliberation over, the subject, 
 the Board made a lengthy report, in which there occurs the following '. 
 
 "Three of the undersigned are ignorant of the precise situation of 
 Fort Severn, and its fitness for a naval school in regard to its accomo- 
 dation, in healthiness of location, and conveniences of the vicinity for 
 gun -practice, but they are told by their associates, Commodore Jones 
 and Captain Mayo, that the fort embraces sufficient space and the liar- 
 bor and neighboring shores offer all the requisite adA-aiitages for gun- 
 pi%.ctice and evolution of steamers and boats. Supposing, then, that 
 Fort Severn is selected, and there is ample accommodation within its 
 walls for the officers and students of the establishment, it may be re- 
 
 * Hi-t.iiy of Ihf Nfival Acadetny. Soley. ji. 42.
 
 HQQ "The Ancient City.'' 
 
 marked that the Government already possesses all the necessary means 
 for commencing at once a naval school, which may be enlarged and 
 perfected at some future time." 
 
 Shortly after this Secretary Bancroft, Governor Marcy, then Secre- 
 tary of War, and Commodore Warrington, cliief of the Bureau of Navy 
 Yards and docks, visited Annapolis, the object of their visit being 
 understood to be to examine the condition of Port Severn and the im- 
 provements commenced the fireviousfall. The rumor was also alloat 
 that it was the intention of the government to remove the Naval 
 School from Philadelphia to Fort Severn, which be one of the reasons 
 of this visit. t 
 
 Some after this visit, the Secretary ordered a board, composed of 
 Commanders McKean, Buchanan, and Du Pont, to consider the sub- 
 ject, and to recommend a locatiou and officers. The hoard decided 
 upon A: napolis as the site, and Ward. Chauveult, and Lockwood as 
 professors. Commander Franklin Buchanan, a Baltimoreaa, had 
 already been selected as superintendent. 
 
 Fort Severn was an army post, tlie site of which hadVjeen purchased 
 in 1808, at a period when Annapolis was deemed a place of military 
 importance. The ground consisted of ten acres, almost square, in- 
 closed on the west end and northeiii side by brick wall, and on the 
 southern and eastern sides liy the Severn. At tlie angle of the water 
 front stood the battery, a small circular rampart, mounting <-// barbette 
 ten heavy guns, with a magazine in tlie water. In the grounds was a 
 Wind-mill built lierc iu I7(j0. and on the shore of the fort the Peggy 
 Stewart was run agi'ound and Imrned by its owner, to satisfy the de- 
 mands of the patriots of 1774. 
 
 Tlie buildings consisted of officers' quarters and barracks. Buch- 
 anan row, ( the new building for the Superintendent excepted,) the 
 house opposite the southern end of the row, and the dwelling occupied 
 by Secretary Richard M. Chase, are all that remain of those that ex- 
 isted when the Fort was transferred Aug 15, 184o, to the Navy De- 
 partment. 
 
 October 10th, the school was opened. 
 
 The State of Maryland acted promptly in the cession of every right 
 and privilege refiuired by the government. 
 
 The young stripling bet;an to grow apace. In 1847, the first addi- 
 tion was made to the grounds. It comprised three lots — one from F. 
 Buchanan and others, the second from Rebecca Nicholson, with a col- 
 lateral deed from Edward Lloyd and R. Nicholson to secure the title 
 of Miss Nicholson's lot. The third from A. Randall, trustee for W. 
 O'Hara and others. 
 
 This included land adjacent to the school and lying between Scott 
 street and the Severn, and reached to Northeast street, now Maryland 
 Avenue. This was under Commander Upshur. 
 
 The second addition, commenced in 1853, under commander Strip- 
 ling was completed after the arrival of Com. Goldsborough. One part 
 consisted of land lying between Scott street. Governor street, Hanover 
 street, and Northeast street now occupied by the Academy Chapel, 
 and V)y the row of officers' quarters numbered from one to eleven, and 
 includes the lawns in front as far as the line of Scott street ; and the 
 other part of land lying along the Severn River on the opposite side 
 
 t Aunapoli:* piiper.
 
 History OF Annapolis. 367 
 
 of Northeast street and between it and Tabernacle street, the fourth 
 side being the line of Hanover street extended. The buildhigs on it 
 are known as Goldsborougli row. 
 
 The Third addition was Scott street and Northeast street between 
 Hanover and the river. This was in 1853. 
 
 The fourth addition was made in 1866, Admiral Porter, superinten- 
 dent. The executive mansion of the state, the residence of the governors 
 since the time of Robert Eden, witli the garden adjoining, a place where 
 Washington had been guest, was bought by the United States, and a 
 square's length of Governor's street was taken in with it. This com- 
 prised four acres. The Governor's house is now used as the Academy- 
 library, and Porter row lias been built on part of the fourtli acquisi- 
 tion. 
 
 The fifth addition was made in 1867, by the purcliase of ten acres of 
 land from St. .Tolni's College between the College and Graveyard 
 Creek. This tract has never been joined to the Academy, thi-re being 
 land intermediate between it and the Academy. Anotlier tract of 
 land. Strawberry Hill farm, on which the Alms House of Anne Arun- 
 del county once stood, was bought in 1868. This is not a part proper 
 of the Academy. It adjoins the grounds of tlie Naval Hospital, 
 (thirty-two acres in extent,) one part being reserved as a naval 
 necropolis. 
 
 The sixth addition was accomplished in 1874, being four acres from 
 that part of Lockwoodsville lying on the Severn, between, then Taber- 
 nacle, now College Avenue, Hanovor and Wagner Streets. 
 
 The following is the summary of land in use by, and under the con- 
 trol of, the Naval Academy authorities : 
 
 ACKES. 
 
 Grounds about Fort Severn 9 
 
 Purchases of 1847 and 1853, including streets 33 
 
 Purchase 1866, (Governor's Mansion) 4 
 
 Purchase of 1874, Lockwoodsville. 4 
 
 Within the Academy 50 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Hospital Grounds 32 
 
 Strawberry Hill 67 
 
 College Lot 10 
 
 Outside of Academy 109 
 
 During 1883, one of the- ancient landmarks of the State fell. It was 
 the one occupied to that period from 1845, as the residence of the 
 Superintendent of the Naval Academy. 
 
 It was built by .John Duff, an architect who settled in the colony in 
 1728. This house was Iniilt, at least, in 1751, and probably much 
 earlier. It was the residence of that talented family, the Dulanys. 
 and was occupied by it from 1753 to 1808, and on the cession of the 
 ground to the government as the site of Fort Severn, became the resi- 
 dence of the commander of the fort and so remained to 1845. In 1883, 
 by a commission of officers. Captain Francis M. Ramsay being Super- 
 intendent, the house was condemned as unsafe, and was torn down, 
 and the Superintendent, by funds reserved from the supplies voted the 
 Academy, proceeded to build a residence for the Superintendent. Con- 
 gress that had refused specific monies for this building, resented the
 
 268 ''The Ancient City. '' 
 
 action of the Superintendent, and, by proviso inserted, declared na 
 monev should be used to complete the offensive structure. There it 
 remained until the end of the ^erm of t&e offending Superintendent, a 
 monument of autocratic independence and congressional indignation. 
 The location of the Naval Academy at Annapolis has been of large 
 advantage to the business of the place. The social benefits have been 
 well appreciated by its people, and the constant succession of interest- 
 ing events occuring at the^Academy, has added to the enjoyment and 
 culture of an already polished community. 
 
 CHAPTER LIV. 
 
 A Riot in Axnapolis. 
 
 ]1847.] On the 5th of July, 1847, the steamboat "Jewess," was 
 chartered by Mr. C. C. Philips, of Baltimore, to make an excursion to 
 St. Michaels, in Talbot county, with the express understanding that 
 the steamer would accommodate at least seven hundred passengers 
 comfortably. About that number took passage on tlie steamer in- 
 cluding whom were the Eagle Artillerists, Col. Geo. P. Kane, com- 
 manding, and the Columbian Riflemen. Capt. Robert McAllister, com- 
 manding. The military companies were on their way to join witli the 
 military of Talipot county in celebrating the National holiday, and the 
 latter had made appropriate preparations to receive the expected visi- 
 tors. 
 
 Before reaching the county wharf at Fell's Point, it was discovered 
 that the boat could not accommodate those that were already on 
 board, and on arriving at the county wharf there were the military 
 and several hundred who desired to take passage on the boat. The 
 military alone were allowed to embark. 
 
 With this large crowd on board, composed, no doubt, of the motley 
 company that generally gathers on general holidays on cheap excur- 
 sions, the "Jewess" started for St. Michaels, and steamed slowly down 
 the bay. After being out four hours, the captain found it impossible 
 Avith the large number of passengers he had on board, and the cranky 
 condition of the steamer, to ci-oss the bay. The charter party to the 
 contrary notwitlistanding, Captain Sutton determined that the lives 
 of seven hundred passengers were in his keeping, and he was respon- 
 sible if any accident occured. He, therefore, decided that he would 
 put into Annapolis, and if one hundred and fifty passengers would 
 land, he would then proceed to St. Michaels with" the balance. 
 
 After a passage of five hours, the "Jewess" reached Annapolis. 
 Not a man would go ashore with the understanding that "he had the 
 privilege of finding his way back to Baltimore the best way he could.'* 
 On this Capt. Sutton decided to proceed no further, tied liis boat to 
 the wharf, and let off steam.
 
 History of Annapolis. 269 
 
 '•After the boat had been made fast," says an eye witness,* wlio 
 spoke from a Baltimore standpoint, ''and the passengers found they 
 could go no further, they generally went on shore for the purpose of 
 amusing themselves as might best suit their fancy, and were received 
 with every mark of respect by some of the citizens. Those who vis- 
 ited the Naval School were kindly received by the officers, as were 
 also those who went up to the State House, but with some of the commu- 
 nity there appeared to be something wrong, as if some past offence 
 had not beeen forgotten or some new aggression had been committed.'" 
 In contradiction of any bad spirit being shown by the citizens, it is 
 asserted by a citizen living at this day that a part of the excursionists 
 behaved very disorderly. If there was ill-feeling rankling, or bad 
 temper provoked, by fresh affronts, it found some vent when on Church 
 street, a Baltimore youth broke a window, and whilst William F. 
 Smith, of Baltimore, was paying for it, one of the crowd was arrested 
 hj an Annapolis constable. Mr. Smith persuaded the balance of the 
 Baltimore boys to return to the "Jewess ;" and the culprit was res- 
 cued by his friends. 
 
 At the City Hotel Col. John Walton, proprietor, testified, sev- 
 eral of the party from the steamer entered the kitchen, took posses- 
 sion of it, and insisted upon helping themselves to dinner. They be- 
 haved in the same riotous manner at the bar, and he had to threaten 
 to commit them to jail before they would leave. In other parts of 
 the town, pistols were fired, and curses rent the air. At the Wes- 
 tern Hotel kept by Mr. E. A. Davis, some of the party amused them- 
 selves pitching the b'-ead out of the windows. 
 
 A significant fact bearing on the character of the people who com- 
 posed the crowd on board the "Jewess" was brought out in the testimony 
 of Col. Geo. P. Kane, in the examination that followed the affray : 
 "He had left the boat at Annapolis, and had procured a citizen's dress 
 from a friend, which he had exchanged for his uniform, and had de- 
 termined to come up in the cars in the morning ; the conduct of a 
 portion of those who were on board the boat having been so disorderly 
 and riotous as to deter him from returning with them." 
 
 Whilst Col. Kane was at dinner in Annapolis, he heard the report 
 of fire-arms. He started for the "Jewess." Before he reached there 
 another prominent character who was to figure in the subsequent pro- 
 ceedings. Judge Nicholas Brewer, who had heard that a friend's son 
 had become involved in a difficulty, and had come down to persuade 
 him out of it, had arrived at the wharf. 
 
 At the examination before Justice Walton Gray, in Baltimore, July 
 9th, Judge Brewer testified that he "saw by the soiled state of the 
 clothes of the young man and injury he had received on his nose, that 
 he had been engaged in a fight. He remonstrated witti him, and per- 
 suaded him to leave the wliarf. Seeing that there was considerable 
 excitement among those on the wharf, and every probability of a not 
 .ensuing, he decided to remain there and endeavor to prevent it. 
 
 "Nothing of any moment occurred from this time for nearly an 
 hour while preparations were making for the departure of the boat. 
 and nearly all belonging to her had got on board." 
 
 The testimony of Mr. Daniel T. Hyde, a prominent citizen of An- 
 napolis, then takes up the thread of the story : "He was sitting in his 
 •porch, (his house being about a hundred yards from where the lx)at 
 
 * Balto. American of July 7, 18^7,
 
 270 ''The Ancient City.'' 
 
 lay,) when he saw Judge Brewer ijo down to the wharf. The crowd 
 on the boat began to hiss and hoot at him and some one of them called 
 out "l)ring that big-bellyed man, with a straw hat on board." Think- 
 ing that violence might be offered to the Judge, and that it was his 
 duty to endeavor to prevent it, he innnediately went down towards 
 the wharf. There was. however, when Mr. Hyde reached the steamer, 
 no attempt to offer violence to Judge Brewer." 
 
 Mr. Hyde used his good offices to promote peace and to suppress the dis- 
 turbance and was in imminent danger from the ill-feelings of the citizens 
 on the wharf and the visitors on the steamer. The billingsgate and ])ro- 
 fanity between the two crowds at this moment was terrible. The noise 
 and confusion were so great that it was almost impossible to distin- 
 guish what was sjiid. In preparation for the coming fray several 
 boys from the boat ran on shore, ai-id picked up stones and i-etreated 
 to the steamer. An old man, whom Judge Brewer thought was William 
 F. Smith, in company with a young man, advanced on the gangway 
 leading to the wharf and seemed ready to fight. Judge Brewer per- 
 suaded them to return to the boat. The lines were now cast off. Mr. 
 Hyde advised Mr. Waters, the Mate of the boat and asked him to say 
 the sam.e thing to Capt. Sutton to move off. Mr. Hyde assisted in 
 casting the lines of the steamer loose from the shore. 
 
 "At this time two halves of a lemon were thrown from the boat 
 among the crowd on shore." This was the signal of battle. The 
 crowd on the wharf gave way. a dark object was seen to fly from the 
 boat to the shore, and the Aniiapolitans returned the attack with a 
 volley of bricks. The Baltimoreans replied with stones and pistols. 
 The bricks that had come from the shore had fallen amongst the 
 ladies and children, and a cry was made for the rifles of Capt. McAl- 
 lister's company. The captain tried to prevent the men from getting the 
 rifles out of the room in which they had been stowed. He sent James 
 L. Wallace to take charge of this. Mr. Wallace, when he arrived at 
 the temporary armory, found it filled with passengers taking away 
 the rifles. Some of the company attem[)ted to assist Mr. Wallace 
 but they were "thrown aside like an old check shirt." and those in 
 the room helped themselves to the rifles and cartridges and went on 
 deck and used them on the citizens of Annapolis. 
 
 The ladies on the boat were now in a state of great alarm, some at- 
 tempted to throw themselves overboard, whilst the work of getting 
 them Ijelow proceeded with a haste born of urgent necessity. 
 
 Judge Brewer and Mr. Daniel T. Hyde who were in the dangerous posi- 
 tion of being between two fires bravely endeavored to stop the Aii- 
 napolitans from continuing the afl'ray. Mr. Hyde, finding two col- 
 ored boys throwing stones at the boat, kicked them away, and turned 
 to the boat to hurry it out of danger. Fearing the boat would ground 
 on an old stone wall in the water near the wharf, and thus make a 
 continuance of the riot more certain, he went to the end of his own 
 wharf, and called to Captain McAllister if he would send the stern line 
 ashore, the steamer would be al)le to pull out. That is, it would make 
 the steamer turn around from the wharf so as to head to the river — 
 the dock here being extremely narrow and the work of steering a 
 steamer exceeding difficult. In reply, Capt. McAllister shook his sword 
 and said — "He was responsible for all he said and did." In vain Mr, 
 Hyde tried, again and again, to make the captain accept his friendly 
 offers. He was eir,her not understood or his inoti\'es were suspected.
 
 History OF Annapolis. 271 
 
 Judeje Brewer, at the same time, was driviuE: some away and entreat- 
 ing others not to interfere. Seeing a ywuiig man on shore with a pis- 
 tol, preparing to discharge it in the direction of the boat, the Judge 
 endeavored to prevent him, but was unable. Again seeing the young 
 man preparing to fire, he seized him and called for iielp. Mr. John 
 "W". Brady came and took the young man. Meantime the firing from 
 the boat continued, and glasses, bottles, and stones were hurled at the 
 crowd on the wharf. Mr. Brady was shot whilst taking an assaii- 
 iant of his assailants from the fray. Judge Brewer was assisted 
 alone by constable John Lamb, and whilst thus endeavoring to preserve 
 the peace heard some person on the boat exclaim, with an oath, "Shoot 
 that officer, I mistrust him." Three rifles were instantly levelled at the 
 Judge. He jumped behind a wood-pile, whilst a friendly hand on the 
 boat knocked up two of the rifles ; but the third, the Judge thought, 
 was discharged at him. In all besides the bricks and other missiles 
 exchanged between the combatants there were, it was estimated, 
 twenty rifle shots from the boat and two pistol shots and two guns 
 fired from the shore, but these not until after the volley from the rifles 
 on the steamer.* 
 
 The visitors were better prepared for the attack than the citizens 
 and their aim wPs good, for five citizens fell wounded, fortunately none 
 of them fatally : 
 
 T. C. Loockerman, shot in the leg, slightly wounded ; 
 
 Basil McNew, shot in the side, badly wounded ; 
 
 John W. Brady, shot through both legs, seriously hurt ; 
 
 Watkins Hall, two toes shot off : 
 
 Edward Barroll, wounded very dangerously in the thigh. 
 
 When Hall and Loockerman. who were actively engaged in throwing 
 stones at the boat fell, "the people on board the boat hurrahed enough 
 for an election day."t 
 
 Rifles are far more effective weapons than pistols and bricks and none 
 of the excursionists, it appears, were hurt. 
 
 The report of the riot had spread through Annapolis, and, with 
 powder contributed by the merchant and cannon seized from the 
 State, citizens hurried to the wharf to avenge the assault on their fel- 
 low-townsmen, the fray the meanwhile being unabated, and to add to 
 the calamities of the day, the steamer became wedged in between the 
 two sides of the narrow wharf, and to escape the volleys of stones and 
 bullets from the wharf most of the passengers ran to the opposite side. 
 The steamer careened and for a moment was in danger of capsizing. 
 
 On the opposite side of the wharf was a vacant mill. The "Jewess" 
 as she came to that side of the dock to turn .vas within a few yards 
 of this untenanted house. In it a young citizen j had now secreted him- 
 self and was about to pour a deadly fire from his gun into the passen- 
 gers, when happily his prudent father came in and drove him away, 
 and saved one or more of the excursionists from almost certain death. 
 The State's cannon was then brought into position by the now 
 thoroughly aroused Annapolitans. Col. Geo. P. Kane immediately 
 made his way to it, and remonstrated against firing it. Finding his 
 appeals of no avail, lie threw one arm over the breech of the piece, 
 
 * Te,<timi)ijy of Daniel T. HyrJe, in tlie li.illo. Amfirican of July 13, 18-17. 
 
 t Testimony ol Daniel T. Hydo. 
 
 t Donlel Hollidiiyoke :
 
 273 ''The Ancient Citv."' 
 
 and placed the other hand over the muzzle and declared that the gm\ 
 sliould not be fired without blowing him to pieces. Col. Kane was 
 warned by those staiwling around that the cannon was double shotted 
 and loaded, (which, however, was not the case.) The parties in 
 charge of the gun then attempted to pull him away by force, and the 
 straggle continued until some one whispered in his ear that the gun 
 had been spiked. 
 
 This was the voice of Judge Brewer who had repaired to the cannon 
 and spiked it with his tooth-pick. T'wo attempts were afterwards 
 made to load it. but Judge Brewer succeeded in stopping liotii efforts. 
 
 In the attempt to prevent the cannon from V;eiiig loaded Richard 
 Cowman used his fist with such good effect on William Shuman, a 
 shoemaker, who was endeavoring to charge the gun, as ro make him 
 bite the dust. 
 
 Mr. Hyde, in his testimony, considered the loading of the cannon 
 "a mere farce, and he stood by and laughed at it. It was a complete 
 scene of confusion, some wanting to do one thing and others another 
 and, in the meanwhile, the i)oat was fast getting out of their reacli. 
 even if they had been loaded." 
 
 Judge Brewer did not escape calunmy that day as one witness de- 
 clared he saw the Judge looking at two negroes throwing stones at 
 the boat and did not atte;npt to stop them. This the Judge contradicted 
 in his own testimony and Mr. Hyde quaintly corrolwrated it with sjxy- 
 ing that the Judge "did all that any man could do, and more than he 
 thought a man could have done to suppress the riot and restore peace. 
 He saw him at different parts of the wharf, driving some away and en- 
 treating others not to interfere. He had no one besides the witness 
 to help him but a constable, who received a severe blow in the face by 
 a brick during the early part of the affray. 
 
 "The *tory of the Judge standing by and seeing two negroes throw- 
 ing at the boat without an effort to prevent them, the witness regarded 
 as entirely untrue. There were no negroes in Annapolis who would 
 dare to break the law in any way if they thought Judge Brewer was 
 looking at them. If the duties performed that day by Judge Brewer 
 pertained to his office as Judge, the witness thought he would not like 
 to have it for twice its salary. He thought he was that day, whilst 
 endeavoring to preserve the peace, in imminent danger of hi-- life." 
 
 The judicial investigation fastened the guilt on no one, and no 
 punishment was meted out to the rioters. 
 
 CHAPTER LV. 
 
 Chronicles of Axnapot.is from 1845 to 1847. 
 
 [1845.] On Saturday. November 80th, Rev. Thos. Robinson, a local 
 minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, residing near the head of 
 Severn River, whilst duck-shooting was thrown into the water by the 
 upsetting of his boat. He swam ashore, and, in intense cold, dragged
 
 History of A;snapolis. 273 
 
 himself to a house close hy, where he died from exhaustion. 
 
 [1846.] On Thursday, February 19th, about 7 p. m., flames were 
 discovered issuing from the ventilator of the cellar of the State 
 House, under the House of Delegates. On getting the cellar-door open 
 the smoke, from immense quantities of coal and charcoal in the apart- 
 ment, was so dense aTul stifling, there was great danger of suffo- 
 cating any who entered. Notwithstanding, some brave men ventured 
 in, and the fire, which hud made considerable progress, was discovered 
 and reached with great difficulty and extinguished. 
 
 At the City Election in April. 1840, the following was the vote: 
 For Mayor. 
 
 Richard Swann, Whig, 150 ; D. S. Caldwell, Dem., 120. 
 For Recorder. 
 
 William Tell Claude, w., 154 : Jonathan Pinkney, d., 117. 
 For Aldermen. 
 
 Dr. Abram Claude, w., 158 ; Dr. Wm. Brewer, Sr., w., 146 ; Edward 
 A. Davis, w.. 144; Captain John Philips, w., 141; James B. Steele, 
 w., 137 ; Daniel Caulk, d., 131 ; AVm. Bryan, d.. 126 ; John M. Davis, 
 d., 122 ; James II. Iglehart, d., 120 : James Sands, d., 120. 
 
 Richard H. Ilanlon, a native of Annapolis, a volunteer against 
 Mexico, died September 0th, at Camargo, Mexico. 
 
 The Democratic Star ceased publication in October 21st, 1840, "after 
 a life," said the proprietors, Messrs. Daily and Taylor, "of four years 
 hardship and incessant toil." 
 
 Theoderic Bland, Chancellor, of Maryland, died in Annapolis No- 
 vember 16. He was born in Dinwiddle county, Virginia, December 
 6, 1776. 
 
 On Wednesday, December 14, a gale blew at Annapolis. Nine ves- 
 sels were driven ashore between Chink and Tolley's Points. Between 
 Hackett's and Greenbury's Points a sloop was sunk. A few days after 
 the gale five bodies, two of whites and three of blacks, were found at 
 Tolley's Point. 
 
 December 21, John Johnson, of Annapolis, was appointed Chancel- 
 lor of Maryland by Gov. Pratt. 
 
 [1847.] There was no opposition this year to the Whigs in the city 
 election. The vote was : 
 
 For Mayor : 
 
 Richard Swann, 126 ; 
 
 For Recorder : 
 
 William Tell Claude, 139. 
 
 For Aldermen: 
 
 Elihu S. Riley, 141 ; John Philips, 132; Ed. Hopkins, 131 ; James 
 Steele, 127 ; P. C. Clayton, 107. Mr. William Davis, independent, for 
 alderman, received 74 votes. 
 
 One of the ancient landmarks of Annapolis a colonial dwelling, oc- 
 cupied by Miss Hester Chase and situated on King George st., was de- 
 stroyed by fire, April 12. 
 
 May 8'th, George Johnston, Esq., proprietor of the Democratic 
 Herald, of Annapolis, aged 40 years, died of a pulmonary complaint. 
 On account of his death the publication of the Herald ceased. 
 18
 
 274 ' ' T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . " 
 
 Major Luther Giddinss, a graduate of St. John's, class of 1841, 
 was presented with a $500 sword on April 3. by the rank and file of 
 his regiment, the 1st Ohio, as an appreciation of his conduct inacting 
 colonel of the regiment. 
 
 CHAPTER LVI. 
 
 A Retrospect of Two Centuries. 
 
 [1819.] Two hundred years after its settlement found Annapolis 
 -with tliirty-five hundred inhabitants, the seat of a Xaval University, 
 the home of a College of large usefulness, and still "the ancient capi- 
 tal" of the State. The day'^of its commercial glory had departed, but 
 the remnant of its traditional intelligence remained. Its bar con- 
 tained the names of Tuck, Randall, a"nd Alexander, worthy survivors 
 of men who had made its name illustrious, and though the ball and 
 banquet of former generations had passed away, the opening social 
 glories of the Naval Academy forshadowed the harvest of pleasures 
 that have proved unbounded sources of enjoyment to the young who 
 participate in, and the elders who periodically witness, these brilliant 
 assemblages in the Armory and Gymnasium. 
 
 The Puritan who settled the capital, might chance invoke the wrath 
 of heaven on the Proddence he had established where the curling 
 smoke of the wigwam had once ascended. 
 
 The card-table, the ball-room, the pot-house, the lottery shop, and 
 the gambling-hell were indices of the frivolities and evils that afflicted 
 the capital, although the theatre and the race-course had ceased to 
 find remuneration out of the depleted coffers of a city whose chief 
 sources of revenue were the scant trade of the sparsely settled coun- 
 try that surrounded it, and the modest compensation awarded to the 
 servants of the State and Nation. 
 
 The canoe of the Indian had disappeared before the pinnace of the 
 Puritan; the pinnace had given place to the schooner: the schooner, in its 
 turn, had been pushed aside by the steamer ; the trail of the Indian had 
 been lost in the roadway of the coach, and the locomotive had made the 
 lumbering stage the attenuated monument of an out-ridden generation. 
 
 But the glory of her fair ones yet remained, and the ancient city 
 still maintained its wide renown for the beauty and grace of its 
 women. 
 
 In Church, the Puritan had long since disappeared. In his place 
 the Churchman, the Methodist, and the Presbyterian boldly proclaimed 
 the truth, whilst the handful of Catholics feebly held their own in the 
 little chapel that Carroll of Carrolton's beneficence had built. 
 
 Politics, that a hundred years before displayed itself alone in manly 
 opposition to encroachments of the provincial governors, had now be- 
 come a heroic game, and, through various stages, had been formulated 
 into Whiggery and Democracy, and stood face to face against each 
 ■other on the momentous issues of tariff and slavery.
 
 H I S T O R Y O K A .V N A P O I, I 
 
 The Chesapeake and its freely c;iven wealth of oysters lay almost 
 unruffled by the toners of the industrious ovsteriuan. and the quiet iif 
 the streets of "the Ancient City," and the paucity of its business and 
 •commerce were sadly emblematic of a place whose chief adornment was 
 the general virtue of its inhabitants, untarnished by the chicanery of 
 trade and unblessed by the fruits of iiulustry. 
 
 CHAPTER LVII. 
 
 A Galaxy of Illustrious Anxapolitaxs. 
 
 CHARLES CARROLL, of Carrolton. 
 
 Was born at Annapolis, Maryland, September 20th, 171)7. In 174.'). 
 he was taken to tlie College of English Jesuits at St. Omer, France, 
 where he remained six years, and then was sent to the Jesuit College. 
 at Rheims. After one years' study of civil law at Bonrges. he wentTn 
 Paris, studied two more years, and began the law in the Temple. At 
 27 years of age, he returned to America, and. at the breaking out of 
 the Revolutionary War, was considered the richest man in America, 
 being worth $2,000,000. Although, by the illiberal laws of that period, 
 he was robbed of the privilege of the elective franchise, l)ecause he was 
 a Catholic, he ardently espoused the American cause, and began his 
 opposition to the arbitrary measures of the British Government, by 
 publishing in the Maryland (razetfe, a series of articles under the sig- 
 nature of "The First CrnzEX," against the right of the Governor of 
 Maryland, to regulate fees by proclamation. 
 
 In 1775, he was made a membe'- of the first committee of observa- 
 tion established at Annapolis, and during the same year he was elected 
 a delega':e to the ProvinciaLConvention. In February, 177(5, he was 
 sent to Canada, by Congress, to induce the people of that i)rovinee to 
 unite with the States. He returned to Philadelphia, in June, and 
 found the Declaration of Independence under discussion. The dele- 
 gates from Maryland were hampered V)y instructions "to disavow in 
 the most sclemn manner all design in the colonies of Indei»endence." 
 He repaired to Annapolis immediately, and, with the assistance of 
 Judge Samuel Chase, on the 28th of June, succeeded in having these 
 instructions withdrawn and the delegates left free to join in the De- 
 claration of Independence. 
 
 On August 3nd, the Declaration was formally signed. As Mr. Car- 
 roll wrote his name, a member observed, "Here go a few millions," 
 and added, "however, there are several Charles CarroUs, the British 
 will not know which one it is." Carroll immediately added, 
 "of Carrolton," and was ever afterward known by that cognomen. 
 He was placed by Congress in the Board of War. In 1776, he 
 helped to draft the Constitution for Maryland, and was the 
 same year a member of the State Senate. In 1777, he was again 
 & delegate to Congress. In 1781, and 1786, he was a Senator
 
 276 • ' T H E A N c I E N T City.'' 
 
 of Maryland, and in 1T88, was chosen a United States Senator, to 
 which office he was again elected in 1797. In 1799, he was one of 
 the Commissioners to'^ adjust the boundary line between 3Iaiyland 
 and Virginia. On July 4th, 1828, then, in his 90th year. Mr. 
 Carroll, m the presence of an immense concourse of [leople. and at- 
 tended by imposing civic ceremonies, laid the corner-stone of that im- 
 portant Maryland enterprise— the Baltimore and Ohio Eailioad. 
 Towards the last of his life. Mr. Carroll removed to Baltimore— I have 
 it by tradition— because the city fathers here offended liim hj making 
 the taxes too high. November 14th, 1832, Mr. Carroll died, tlie last 
 of the signers of the Declaration of Indei)endence. 
 
 WILLIAM PINKNEY 
 Was born at Annapolis. Maryland, March 17th, 1704. His family was 
 a branch of the South Carolina Pinkneys. who early settled at An- 
 napolis. He studied medicine, but left that for the law. and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1786. In 1788, he was a delegate to the Conven- 
 tion which ratified the constitution of the United States, and he sub- 
 sequently held various State offices, as member of the House of Dele- 
 gates, Senate, and the Council. In 1790. he was sent to London, as 
 Commissioner, under the Jay treaty, remaining abroad until 1804. In 
 1805, he became Attorney-General of Maryland. In 1806, he wag 
 sent as Minister extraordinary to England to treat, in conjunction 
 with Monroe, with the British Government, and was resident Minister 
 from 1807 to 1811, when he was appointed Attorney-General of the 
 United States, which office he held two years. He commanded a vol- 
 unteer corps in the war of 1812, and was severely wounded in the bat- 
 tle of Bladensburg. In 1815, he was elected a member of Congress, 
 and, in 1816, was appointed Minister to Russia, and. Special Minister 
 to Naples. In 1818, he returned home, and, in 1819. was elected a 
 United States Senator. He died February 22nd, 1833. 
 
 REVERDY JOHNSON 
 Was born at Annapolis, Maryland, May 21st, 1790. He was educated 
 at St. John's College, and, at the age of 17, began the study of law in 
 Prince George's county, in the office of his father, who was the Chie^ 
 Justice of the Judicial District of which that county formed a part. In 
 1815, he was admitted to the bar, and by way of encouragement to all 
 who do not achieve success at once, be it written, he made a lamenta- 
 ble failure in his first speech in Court. In 1817, he removed to Balti- 
 more, and devoted much of his time to arguing cases Ijefore the Su- 
 preme Court of the United States, where he won renown as a profound 
 student of the legal profession , not only in America, but his fame 
 reaching Europe, he was called to argue before the French 
 tribunals. In conjunction with Mr. Thomas Harris, he reported the 
 decisions of the Maryland Court of Appeals, known as "Harris and 
 Johnson's Reports," (7 vols. 1820-37.) In 1821, he was elected a State 
 Senator, and re-elected in 1825. In 1845, he was chosen United States 
 Senator, which office he resigned in 1849, on being appointed by Presi- 
 dent Taylor Attorney-General of the United States. In 1861, he was 
 a member of the Peace Convention in Washington, which tried to pre- 
 vent the Civil War. In 1802, he was again elected to the United
 
 HisTOF. YOF Annapolis. 277 
 
 States Senate, and was a member from 1863 to 1868. In June of the 
 latter year, he was appointed Minister to England, where he negotiated 
 a treaty for the settlement of the Alabama claims. This treaty was 
 rejected by the Senate. He was recalled in 1869. 
 
 During the entire Civil War, when many illegal acts were commit- 
 ted under the plea of "military necessity," Reverdy Johnson, whilst 
 an ardent supporter of the Union, eloquently raised his voice against 
 every usurpation by the military power. 
 
 On the evening of February 10th, 1876. when in his 80th year, with 
 a mind yet undimmed by mental incapacity, and a liody that gave 
 promise of many years of usefulness, he met with a fatal accident at 
 Annapolis. He was at a social gathering at the Executive Mansion, 
 John Lee Carroll being then Governor and host. Mr. Johnson started 
 to go out the main doorway. He was offered assistance bat refused it. 
 Passing down the granite steps of the front porch, he turned to the 
 left of the entrance and fell into a i)aved area, five feet below, where 
 he was found shoi'tly afterward in an unconscious state. He expired 
 soon after being discovered. He died almost within a stone's throw of 
 the house in which he was born, and well nigh under the shadow of 
 his alma mater. 
 
 JOHN U. GODMAN 
 Was born at Anna]iolis, December 20th, 1794. He was apprenticed to 
 a printer in Baltimore, but, at the age of twenty, enlisted in the Navy 
 and was present at the defence of Fort McHenry. After the war he 
 studi d medicine, and practiced until 1821. when he became professor 
 in the Medical College of Ohio at Cincinnati, and conunenced there the 
 "Western Quarterly Reporter." In 1822. he removed to Philadelphia, 
 and devoted himself to the science of Anatomy, of which he became, 
 in 1826. professor in Rutger's Medical School, New York. He pre- 
 pared the Zoological articles for the "Encyclopedia Americana" up to 
 the end of the letter 0. His principal work was "American Natural 
 History." He died at Gennantown, Pa., April 17, 1830. 
 
 STEWART HOLLAND. 
 By one act this man made his name immortal. He was born at An- 
 napolis. September 24th, 1854, found him a member of the engineering 
 department of the Steamer Arctic, tliat, with hundreds of passengers, 
 was sinking in mid ocean, from the effects of a collision. "About two 
 hours after the Arctic was struck, the firing of the gun," said the 
 third mate of the Arctic, "attracted my attention, and! recollect when 
 I saw Stewart, it struck me as remarkably strange that he alone, of 
 all belonging to the engineering body, should be liere. He must have 
 had a good chance to go in the chief engineer's boat and be saved ; but 
 he did not, it seems, make the slightest exertion to save himself whdst 
 there was dutv to be done on shipboard. I recollect that about an 
 hour before the ship sunk, I was hurriedly searching for spikes to 
 make a raft with. I had just passed through the saloon. On the sofa 
 were men who had fainted, and there were many of them too ; the 
 ladies were in little groups, clasped together, strangely qmet, and re- 
 signed. As I came out again, the scene that presented itself was one 
 that I hope never to see again. Here and there were strong, stout men
 
 278 ''The Ancient City. '' 
 
 on their knees in the attitude of prayer, and others, who when spoken 
 to, were immovable and stupefied. In the midst of this scene, Stewart 
 came running up to me, crying "Donan, my powder is out : 1 want 
 more. Give me the key." "Never mind the key," I replied, "take 
 an axe, and break open the the door." He snatched one close beside 
 me. and down into the ship's hold he dived, and I went over the ship's 
 side to my raft. I recollect distinctly his appearance as once more he 
 hailed me from the deck, the right side of his face was black with 
 powder, and when he spoke, his face seemed to me to be lighted up 
 with a quaint smile." So the gallant youth continued to fire "the 
 minute gun" that booming over the sea might catch the ear of some 
 passing vessel and bring relief to the perishing. As the ship, which 
 carried three hundred people with it to watery gmves, went down 
 Stewart Holland was seen "in the very act of firing as the vessel dis- 
 appeared below the waters." 
 
 Alot was donated in Washington, where he lived at the time of the dis- 
 aster, and money subscribed to build him a monument, but the funds 
 were embezzled l>y the trustee. 
 
 CHARLES WILSON PEALE. 
 The eminent American painter, was born in Annapolis,* April 16th, 
 1741. Peale had a checkered career. He was first a saddler and har- 
 ness-maker, then watch and clock tinker, and, in their order, silver- 
 smith, painter, modeller, taxidermist, dentist, and lecturer. In 1770, 
 he visited England, and, for several years, was a pupil of West. Re- 
 turning home, he settled first in Annapolis and then in Philadelphia, 
 and acquired celebrity as a portrait painter. Among his works were 
 several portraits of Washington, and a series forming the nucleusof a 
 national portrait gallery. He commanded a company of volunteers 
 in the battles of Trenton and Grerraantown, and also served in the 
 Pennsylvania Legislature. About 1785, he commenced a collection 
 of natural curiosities in Philadelphia, founding "Peale's Museum," 
 in which he lectured on natural history. He aided in founding the 
 Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. 
 
 LIEUTENANT JAI\IES BOOTH LOCKWOOD, U. S. A., 
 Was born at Annapolis, Maryland, October 9th, 1853, and died at 
 Cape Sabine, Smith's Sound, April 9th, 1884. To Lieutenant Lock- 
 wood belongs the distinction of having attained, during the Greeley 
 Expedition, the point nearest to either pole, ever reached by any 
 human being. It was on Lockwood's Island in north latitude, 80'* 
 2V ; longitude 44° 5^, 
 
 DANIEL DULANTT. 
 
 A history of Annapolis would lie incomplete without a biographical 
 sketch of Daniel Dulany, who, under the nom de jilume of Antion. car- 
 ried on the memorable newspaper controversy in 1773, with Carroll, 
 of Carrollton, the "First Citizen" of that literary prologue of the 
 American Revolution. 
 
 Daniel Dulany, son of Daniel Dulany, was born at Annapolis, July 
 19, 1731, and was educated at Eton and at Clare Hall. Cambridge, 
 England. 
 
 • Kidgely's Annals of Annapolis.
 
 History OF Anmapolis. 279 
 
 He entered the Temple, and, returning to the colonies, was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1747. Mr. McMahon, of this brilliant man, says : 
 "For many years before the downfall of the proprietary Government, 
 he stood confessedly without a rival in this colony, "as a lawyer, a 
 scholar, and an orator, and, we may safely regard the assertion that 
 in the high and varied accomi)lishments which constitute tliese, 
 he has had amongst the sons of Maryland but one equal and no 
 superior. We admit that tradition is a magnifier, and that men even 
 through its medium and the obscurity of half a century, like objects 
 in a misty morning, loom largely in the distance, yet with regard to 
 Mr. Dulany, there is no room for illusion. ' You may tell Hercules' by ■ 
 foot,' says the proverb ; and this truth is as just when applied to the 
 proportions of the name, as to those of the body. The legal argu- 
 ments and opinions of Mr. Dulany that yet remain to us, bear the 
 impress of abilities too commanding, and of learning too profound to 
 admit of question. Had we but these fragments, like the remains 
 of splendor which linger around some of the ruins of antiquity, they 
 would be enough for admiration. Yet they fall very short of furnish- 
 ing just conceptions of the character and accomplishments of his mind. 
 We have higher attestations of these in the testimony of cotempora- 
 ries. For many years before the Revolution, he was regarded as an 
 oracle of the law. It was the constant practice of the courts of the 
 province to submit to his opinion every question of difficulty which 
 came before them, and so infallible were his opinions considered, that 
 he who hoped to reverse them was regarded 'as hoping against hope.' 
 Nor was his professional reputation limited to the colony. I have 
 been credibly informed that he was occasionally consulted from Eng- 
 land upon questions of magnitude, and that, in the southern counties 
 of Virginia, adjacent to Maryland, it was not unfrequent to withdraw 
 questions from their courts and even from the Chancellor of England, 
 to submit them to his award. Thus unrivalled in professional learn- 
 ing, according to the representations of his cotemporaries, he added 
 to it all the power of the orator, the accomplishments of the scholar, 
 the graces of the person, the suavity of the gentleman. Mr. Pinkuiey 
 himself, the wonder of his age, who saw but the setting splendor of 
 Mr. Dulany 's talents, is reputed to have said of him, that even 
 amongst such men as Fox, Pitt, and Sheridan, he had not found his 
 superior. 
 
 "Whatever were the errors of his course during the Revolution, I 
 have never heard them ascribed, either to opposition to the rights of 
 America, or to a servile submission to the views of the ministry ; and 
 I have been credibly informed, that he adhered, thoroughout life, to 
 the principles advanced by him in opposition to the Stamp Act. The 
 conjecture may be hazarded that had he not been thrown into col- 
 lision with the leaders of the Revolution in this State, by the proclama- 
 tion controversy, * and thus involved in discussion with them, which 
 excited high resentment on both sides, and kept him at a distance 
 from them until the Revolution began, he would, most probably, liave 
 been found by their side, in support of the measures which led to it." 
 
 Mr. Dulany was Secretary of the Province when he conducted tlie 
 famous controversy with Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. He was also a 
 member of the Upper House under the proprietary Government t- 
 
 * Over 'tov. K.Jen's proclam ition re«ulating tees in t'le Colony. 
 
 t Chronicles o£ Baltimore, Schart, p. 284.
 
 380 <'The Ancient City.'' 
 
 The political differences of the Revolution survived its conclusion. 
 Mr. Dulauy held no public ofSce after it, and the brillif ncy of his 
 talents, displayed alone in the foruni of provincial courts, did not 
 shed its effulgence in national councils, and his fame, reflected from 
 the humble pedestal of State history, has not depicted to the nation 
 the phenomenal proportions of his intellect. Such was the iron-heel 
 of public opinion upon the political fortunes, of a man '"whose opinions 
 we're thought to have moulded those of William Pitt, by whom they 
 were publicly noticed tvith great honor." These opinions, (which 
 were published October 14, 1765. and which looked to "a legal 
 orderly, and prudent resentment" to be expressed aginst the Stamp Act 
 "in a zealous and vigorous industry,") widely prevailed in America. 
 t This course was urged until that time might come ''when redress 
 may be obtained," **. 
 
 Mr. Dulauy died in Baltimore, March 19, 1797, aged 75 years and 8 
 months, and was buried in St. Paul Cemetery, corner of Lombard and 
 Fremont Streets, Baltimore ft. 
 
 Z Bancroft's ULstorv of the U. S. vol. 5, \>. 329. 
 ** L)iilany'.< Pamphlet, Scharf. 
 |t Schaif vol. 1, p. oi9. 
 
 CHAPTER LVIII. 
 Chronicles of Annapolis from 1860 to 1861. 
 
 [1860.] On the 12th of September the Governor's Guards paraded 
 for the first time, and were inspected by Adjutant-General Nicholas 
 Brewer, of .John. The company appeared to be well drilled. This 
 company was disbanded during the Civil War, but, after it. was 
 recnscitated. Its present commissioned officers. (1887,) are Louis 
 Green, Captain ; John H. Wells, First-Lieutenant ; James C. Porter, 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 
 In September, 1861, the oyster catchers of Annapolis, then represented 
 to be some fifty or sixty in number, formed themselves into an associa- 
 tion to further the execution of the laws against oyster pirates. The 
 sheriff of the county, Thomas Ireland, requested them to notify him of 
 any infraction of law, and promised "to use all his power to arrest 
 and punish the pirates." 
 
 By the census of 1860, the poinilation of Annapolis was 4,658. Of 
 these 1,643 were white males, and 1,484 white females ; 551 free col- 
 ored males ; 505 free colored females ; 320 male slaves : and 255 fe- 
 male slaves. 
 
 By the census of 1850, Annapolis contained. 3,011 inhabitants. 
 Increase to 1860, 1,647, Of the inhabitants in 1850. 918 were white 
 males ; 913 white females ; 236 free colored males; 297 free colored 
 females ; 249 male slaves : 403 female slaves. The large increase in 
 the population from 1850 to i860 is due to the enumeration of the 300 
 inhabitants of the Xaval Academy in the census of Annapolis.
 
 History o F Ann APOLis . 381 
 
 On the 5th of October, 1860, John Brice died. He was the grand- 
 son of Thomas Jennings, Attorney-General of the then Province of 
 Maryland. The deceased was a defender of Baltimore in 1814. 
 
 On the 14th of October, John Stalker, aged 80 years, one of the de- 
 fenders of Baltimore, died at Annapolis. 
 
 The Annapolis Gazette of Thursday, December 6, 1860, said : 
 
 "Who will Believk It?" — "Nobody. And yet it is a fixed fact 
 that we are to have a telegraph from Annapolis to the Junction. We 
 actually saw the first coil of wire laid on last Saturday. We looked 
 on in a sort of dreaming, wondering, doubting uncertainty ; but had 
 finally, to yield to the patent, tangible reality. We saw the poles, 
 and the wire, and we saw the workmen putting them in their proper 
 places, therefore, we were compelled to believe. The work is under 
 the management oi Mr. Joshua Brown, and will be pushed to com- 
 pletion wieh the utmost despatch." 
 
 Lieut. Plorace Gambrill, of Annapolis, was on the Revenue Cutter 
 "Aiken" that was surrendered by her captain to the South Carolina 
 authorities in Deceralier, 1860. 
 
 On Christmas Eve a patrol guarded the South River section by 
 reason of the groundless rumor of an intended insurrection of slaves. 
 
 [1861.] The Gazette of February 28. announced the completion of 
 the Annapolis, Baltimore, and Washington telegraph line. 
 
 CHAPTER LIX. 
 
 Opening of the Civil vVar — Anxapois Seized by 
 THE Federal Goveenment. 
 
 [i860.] The exciting contest of 1860 had just closed in the election 
 of Lincoln. The political movements in the extreme Southern States 
 vibrated in Maryland — a commonwealth identified with these States 
 by its institutions, its traditions, and its interests. 
 
 The tone of the people of Anne Arundel and Annapolis, in the 
 momentous political contest that preceded the civil war, is found in 
 the vote in tlie Presidential election. 
 
 After an exciting campaign, Anne Arundel gave Bell for President, 
 24 majority over Breckinridge. The vote was Bell, 1041 ; Breckin- 
 ridge, 1017 : Douglas, 98 ; Lincoln, 3. Lincoln received his three 
 votes : in Annapolis, one ; Firs'. District, one ; Second District, one. 
 In Annapolis the vote was Bell, 261 ; Breekhiridge, 227 ; Douglas, 
 36 ; Lincoln, 1. Mr. William Taylor, the present head carpenter of 
 the Naval Academy, has been generally credited with the courage 
 that made him give the lone vote for Lincoln at a time when public 
 sentiment in Annapolis did not take kindly to Republicanism. 
 
 The State authorities as well as the people generally felt a crisis 
 was at hand. 
 
 In his proclamation for a day of Thanksgiving on the 29th of 
 November, 1860, Gov. Hicks among other things asked the people to
 
 282 ''The Ancient City.'' 
 
 pray "that dissension and strife may depart from among ns ; that 
 concord and love of country may prevail : that those in authority 
 may have his guidance ; so disposing the hearts of the people and 
 ordering the State, that the happiness and peace, the power and abun- 
 dance, with all the unnumbered blessings, which this Union, which the 
 God of our fathers gave to them, and to us, may suffer no diminution, 
 through our follies, or our crimes ; but, safe-guarded through His 
 mercy and multiplied by His favor, descend to our children's 
 children." 
 
 The martial spirit in the people as this time shows an undefined 
 desire to prepare for the arbitrament of the sword. 
 
 On November 22, there was a great military display in Annapolis. 
 The following companies took part : 
 
 The Governor's Guards, Major Wm. II. Thompson, commanding ;■ 
 St. Johu's College Cadets. Adjutant Hopkins, commanding ; Union 
 Guard. Cavalry, Capt. Iglehart, of West River, commanding : West 
 River Guard, Cavalry, Capt. Stewart,commanding;the Southern Guard, 
 Cavalry, Capt. Lyles, commanding; the Severn Guard, Capt. Clay- 
 tor, commanding ; the Vanville Rjiiigers. Capt. Snowden, command- 
 ing. The Governor's Guards were presented by Miss Eliza Murdock, 
 on behalf of the ladies of Annapolis, with a beautiful flag. Major 
 Thompson responded. Lieut. John R. Magruder, of the Governor's 
 Guards, acknowledged the compliment paid the Guards. He said the 
 gift was appropriate, "The Star Spangled Banner now, as I trust it 
 and ever will be, the proud syintiol to the world of the united power of 
 the people of more than thirty sovereign States, in their union one 
 great and mighty nation." At the close of the proceedings Col. 
 Spencer, Chief Marshal proposed "three cheers for the Uniuu, which 
 wei-e given with a hearty good will and enthusiasm seldom excelled." 
 The line, 500 strong, marched through the city and into tlic Naval 
 Academy where the battalion of cadets was drawn up in full uni- 
 form and offered and received the military salute. This unexpected 
 compliment gave eclat to the occasion. 
 
 Gov. Hicks was petitioned at this period by Th«>s. G. Pratt, Sprigg 
 Harwood, .7. S. Franklin, N. H. Green, Llwellyn Boyle, and J. Pink- 
 ney to convene the Legislature "to consider of the present momentous 
 crisis," — the dissensions in the Union. Gov. Hicks declined. 
 
 In December, 1860, South Carolina and other States had given full 
 intention of dissolving their relations with the Federal Government, 
 and Marylanders were debating what was the proper course for them 
 to pursue. The editor oi the Aim&polis Gazette, ]Mr. Thomas J. Wilson, 
 published the following as his sentiments: 
 
 "Our own opinion is that Maryland should declare that her soil 
 shall not be the battle ground for the fanatics who are so eager to 
 dye their hands in each other's blood. To declare that, whilst her 
 borders are free of transit to all who are on missions of peace, they 
 shall never be crossed by Northern men or Southern men in arms. 
 
 "To maintain such a position it is necessary that the Old Maryland 
 Line be re-organized and equipped. Her sons are numerous enough 
 and courageous enough to defend the State lines. But they must 
 learn the soldier's life and the soldier's skill, or their courage will be 
 unavailing. The volunteer soldiery, though admirably drilled, and 
 well equipped, are not numerous enough for the services we have 
 indicated. Arms and ammunition must be provided, and men of un-
 
 History OF Annapolis. 283 
 
 daunted courage must be put in command of the army that can be 
 speedily raised." * * * * We no longer urge laope for the 
 Union. We now counsel men to look to the defence of the State^ 
 and to provide for her welfare when strife shall cease." 
 
 Events sped along at too rapid a rate for the editor to hold long to 
 his separate sovereignity theory, and, in the winter of 1860-61, the 
 Gazette is found violently denouncing the secessionists who were at- 
 tempting to draw the State, as it alleged, into secession. It was especi- 
 ally denunciatory of them for calling, outside of Gov. Hicks, a sovereign 
 convention "to declare the position of the State of Maryland in the 
 present crisis." This extraordinary project accomplished no definite 
 results. The Gazette rapidly drifted from its passive policy, and on 
 February 21, 1861, is found calling the Southerners "Hotspurs,'* 
 and asking this question: "Has it ever occurred to you. reader, 
 that our present trouljles might never have come but for the over- 
 weening pride and audacity of the Southern politicians?"' The 
 Gazette spoke very contemptuously of Mr. Lincoln's night flight 
 through Baltimore, and, in a subsequent editorial, declared tliat Mr. 
 Lincoln intimated to Gov. Hicks that he could have any office he 
 wished.* March 28, the Gazette says : "Let Maryland be kept in the 
 power of true Union men. Let secession, and all other hideous isms 
 be kept in the dust." April 4, the Gazette s&id : "He who is not for 
 the Union is against it. There is no half way place — no middle 
 ground." 
 
 Tlie Gazette grew more and more furious with sympathizers with the 
 South, saying on April 18: "Men in high office now-a-days have a 
 queer way of shutting their eyes to the obligation of their official oaths. 
 We know of several high in office in our city, who have solemnly 
 sworn to support the Constitution and Laws of Maryland and of the 
 United States, who, nevertheless, are openly preaching rebellion 
 against the State and Federal Government, and urging men to join 
 them in their diabolical crusade. Those men too, go to church, and 
 jiray God to deliver us from 'all sedition, piracy, conspiracy, and re- 
 bellion.' and with holy prayers on their impious lips, button-hole the 
 first man they meet and pour into his ear inducements for sedition." 
 
 April 25. The 19th of April had been passed. The Gazette says : 
 "It seems to be the impression that the Legislature will pass an 
 ordinance of secession. The feeling hereabouts is almost unanimous on 
 the subject. * * * * The excitement here is terrible. Xo man 
 seems to know what should be done to avert the evil that has come 
 upon us ; and all admit that we are utterly powerless to ofter any 
 resistance." It was a few days previous to this that Gov. Hicks 
 said in Monument Square, Baltimore, that "I will suffer my right 
 arm to be torn from my body before I will raise it to strike a sister 
 State." May 9, 1861, the editor indignantly denied he had pandered 
 in his issue of April 25, to the secession element, and declared himself 
 unreservedly in favor of the Union. 
 
 December 6, 1860, Gov. Hicks wrote to John Contee : 
 
 "In all my feelings and interests as a Southerner, I am ready to 
 stand by the interests and honor of the South." 
 
 Soon after. December 20, the Governor approved of, by procla- 
 mation, the appointment by President Buchanan of January 4, 1861, 
 
 • Mr. Wilson, Uip editor, and Gdv. Hir-k^ ueie vt'Ty intitn iite and Mr. Wil- 
 .'on bei ame afterwards the Governor's Secretary of State.
 
 884 ''The Ancient City.'' 
 
 as a day of Hurailiatioii, Pasting, and Prayer for a restoration of 
 friendship among tiie States of the'Union, adding a prayer be directed 
 to Almighty God that "'we may all again realize 'how pleasant it is 
 for brethren to dwell together in unity.' " _ 
 
 The Governor was at this moment besieged with importunities to con- 
 vene the Legislature. lie had been elected as acandidateof the Ameri- 
 can party, and the Legislature was democratic. He resisted these in- 
 cessant petitions with a rare courage until the tragic events of the 
 19th of April in Baltimore. 
 
 In the meantime two parties were rapidly forming in tlie State — 
 one for immediate secession, the other urging the maintenance of the 
 Unioii and indorsing the course of Gov. Hicks. The Gazette was a 
 valiant champion of Gov. Hicks' sentiments. 
 
 January 4, 18(H, the day appointed by President Buchanan and 
 endorsed by Gov. Hicks, was observed in Annapolis by religious ser- 
 vices at St. Anne's, Salem Methodist Episcopal, St. Mary's Catholic, 
 a.nd the Presbyterian Churches. Rev. Mr. Davenport preached at St. 
 Anne's. He argued that the national troubles were brought upon us 
 mainly by the corruptions of politicians, and by a sort olsaH>iCi(/(jftism 
 that luid mastered the minds of the people, causing them to look to a 
 "higher law," and to, consequently, be wanting in proper respect to 
 our Rulers. He urged tliat this was contrary lo the teachings of the 
 Bible, aiul exhorted his hearers to yield tlieir political passions and 
 prejudices by submitting to the will of those who rule us by our own 
 elections, and wliose authority over us had the divine sanction taught 
 in the Bible." Mr. Davenport was of northern birth, and continued 
 to hold his strong Union sentiments, as long as he stayed in Anna- 
 polis, which was sometime after hostilities commenced ; but his opinions, 
 cropping out in church service, begot him a host of opponents. Rev. 
 Mr. Clemm preached at Salem Church. 
 
 Jar.uary 17, a meeting was held in Annajiolis. of svhich Dr. Dennis 
 Claude was appointed President, Col. John Walton and Dr. Edward 
 Jacob, Vice-Presidents. Hon. Alex. Randall offered a series of reso- 
 lutions on the State of the Union which were adopted. The reso- 
 lutions denied the authority of a State to secede, declared the duty of 
 the General Government to protect itself if any State should attemjit 
 to withdraw from the Union, and that, whilst they regret the election 
 of Abraham Lincoln, they could see nothing in it that should impair 
 the integrity of the Union. 
 
 On Tuesday, February 5, a Palnetto Flag was hoisted near St. 
 Anne's Church. It was soon hauled down and torn in pieces. 
 
 On January 31, a meeting of the workingmen of Annapolis was 
 held. Mr. L. W. Seabrook "was made president ; Col. John Walton, 
 Vice-President, and Norman Leslie, Secretary ; John E. Stalker, 
 James E. Hopkins, John R. Magruder, Benj. Hopkins, and A;;drew 
 E. Chaney were made a committee to draft resolutions. The reso- 
 lutions which were adopted, declared unalterable attachment to the 
 Union : that secession was "no remedy for the grievious ills under 
 which the slaveholding State have been so long suffering ; that the 
 citizens assembled had full confidence in tlie patriotism and integrity 
 of Gov. Hicks." The resolutions approved of the Crittenden Com'- 
 proniise. 
 
 Monday, April 1st, the municipal election was held. So soon in the 
 titruggle had party names been assimilated to political opinions. Only
 
 Rtstory of Ann'apoi. ts. 289 
 
 Olio ticket was voted for — the '•Union ticket." By this Joliu R^ 
 Magruder was elected Mayor Viy a vote of 180. and Tholiias .T. Wilson 
 recorder by 184 votes. 
 
 April lltli is the first date in which a headline a])peared in the 
 Gazette with war in it. It was "Tlie War Excitement." 
 
 The Xaval Academy began to j)ulsate to the war news. Undei 
 orders from Washington the anthorities removed the cannon and ani- 
 mnnition from the Viattery to the practice ship Constellation. The ship 
 took in a supply of oil and candles. The watchmen were armed with 
 revolvers. During this period Annapolis experienced a neW sensation 
 in obtaining the stirring news of the times by telegraph. 
 
 Immediately after the 19th of April, Gen. Butler began to land the 
 troops en route for Washington, in Annapolis: thousands of troops 
 passed through the city, and the town assumed the appearence of 
 a military outpost, and to experience the results of this disthietion 
 in a scarcity of provisions. There was now not three days supjily on 
 hand. 
 
 By the 1st of May, the excitement in Annapolis had subsided, and 
 troops, munitions of war. and provisions, arrived and departed daily 
 from the Naval Academy which had been made a depot, on their way, 
 via the Annapolis and Elkridge Railroad, to Washington. Their 
 passage through the city no longer stirred up any excitement. The 
 soldiers were well-behaved, and treated the citizens with every 
 courtesy. , 
 
 This was not accomplished without political throes that threat^ 
 eiied to make Maryland the theatre of the war itself. 
 
 Gov. Hicks, had, in viewof the extraordinay circumstances inand out 
 of the State, on the 22d of April, called the Legislature to meet at An- 
 napolis on the 26th of April in special session, "to deliberate and con- 
 sider of the condition of the State, and take such measures aS in their 
 wisdom, they may deem fit to maintain, peace, order, and security 
 within our limits." Annapolis being, subsequent to the date of the 
 proclamation occupied by Federal ti'oops, on the 24th Gov. Hicks 
 changed the place of meeting to Frederick city, Frederick county. 
 
 Lincoln had called for Maryland's quota of troops to defend the 
 capital from a real or supposed advance of the Southern forces 
 upon Washington. There began immediately a diplomatic corres- 
 pence between Gov. Hicks and the Federal authorities as to the use 
 of Maryland's levy. Whilst this was proceeding, the people of Mary- 
 land, whose sympathies were deeply aroused for the South, began to 
 grow restive and threatening under the intention of the Federal 
 government to force its troops through Maryland to Washington. The 
 19th of April came with its startling ejiisode in the streets of Balti- 
 more. The correspondence changed from diplomatic to dramatic. 
 These letters and telegrams bring the actors on the stage and shift 
 the scenes with living vividness. The first letter on the subject waS 
 this : 
 
 War Department, \ 
 His Excellency, April 17th, 18G1. / 
 
 THOS. H. hicks, 
 
 Governor of Maryland. 
 
 Dear Sir : — The President has referred me to your letter of this 
 day, and, in reply, I have the honor to say that the troops to be raised
 
 26Q " T H E A N C I E N T C I T Y . ' ' 
 
 in Maryland will be needeil for the defense of this Capital, and of the 
 public jiroperty in that State and neighborhood. There is no inten- 
 tion of removing them beyond those points. 
 Very resiiectfully, 
 
 SIMON CAMERON, 
 
 Secretary of War. 
 
 This note was followed by the annexed correspondence : 
 
 Baltimore, April 17th, 18C1. 
 To the President of the Um'/ed Sfafes : 
 
 Sir : — From the conversati' :n I had yesterday, in Washington, with 
 the Secretary of War, and with Lientenant-General Scott, I under- 
 stood that the four regiments of militia to be called for from Mary- 
 land were to be posted and retained within the limits of this State. 
 for the defense of the United States Government, the maintenance of 
 the Federal authority, and the protection of the Federal Capital. 1 
 also imderstood it was the intention of the United States Government 
 not to require their services outside of Maryland, except in defense of 
 the District of Columbia. 
 
 Will you do me the favor to state, whether I am right in this under- 
 standing, so that, in responding to the lawful demands of the United 
 States Government, I may be able to give effective and reliable aid for 
 the supjKirt and defence of this Union. 
 
 I have the honor to he your obedientt servant, 
 
 TIIOS. H. HICKS, 
 Governor of Maryland. 
 
 War Department, 
 Washi: 
 To His Exgellexcy, 
 
 Washixuton, April 17th, 1801. 
 
 } 
 
 THOS. H. HICKS. 
 
 Governor of Maryland. 
 Sir : — The President has referred to me your eonnnunication of this 
 date, in relation to our conversation of the previous day, and I have 
 the honor to say, in reply, that your statement of it is correct. 
 
 The troops called for from Maryland are destined for the protection 
 of the Federal Capital and the public property of the United States 
 within the limits of the State of Maryland ; and it is not intended to 
 remove them beyond those limits except for the defense of this Dis- 
 trict. 
 
 I have the honor to he yours, &c., 
 
 SIMON CAMERON. 
 
 Secretary of War. 
 
 War Depart.mext, 1 
 Washington, April 18th, 1861. / 
 To His Excellency, 
 
 THOS. H. HICKS, 
 
 Governor of Maryland. 
 Sir :— The President is informed that threats are made, and meas- 
 ures taken, by unlawful combinations of misguided citizens of Mary-
 
 History of Annapolis. 287 
 
 land, to prevent by force the transit of United States troops, across 
 Maryland, on their way, pnrsnant to orders, for the defense of this 
 capital. The information is from SHch sources and in such shapes, 
 that the President thinks it his duty to make it known to you, so that 
 all loyal and patriotic citizens of your State may be warned in time, 
 and that you may Vje prepared to take immediate and effective meas- 
 ures against it. 
 
 Such an attempt could have only the most deplorable consequences f^ 
 and it would be as agreeable to the President, as it would be to your- 
 self that it should be prevented, or overcome by the loyal authorities 
 And citizens of Maryland, rather than averted by any other means. 
 I am very respectfully, yours, &c., 
 
 SIMON CAMEROX, 
 
 Secretary of War. 
 
 STATE OF MARYLAND, 
 
 Executive Chamber, \ 
 AxNAPOLis, April 20th, 1861. / 
 HON. S. CAMERON, 
 
 Sir : — Since I saw you in Washington last, I have been been in Bal- 
 timore City, laboring in conjunction with the Mayor of that city to 
 preserve peace and order, but I regret to say with little success. V]> 
 to yesterday there apjieared promise, but the outbreak came, the 
 turbulent passions of the riotous element prevailed, fear for safety 
 became reality, what the^ endeavored to conceal, but what was known 
 to us, was no longer concealed but made manifest ; the rebellious ele- 
 ment had the control of things. We were arranging and organizing 
 forces to protect the city and preserve order, Init want of organiza- 
 tion, of arms, prevented success. They had arms, they had the prin- 
 cipal part of the organized military forces with them, and for us to 
 have made the effort, under the circumstances, would have had the 
 effect to aid the disoi'derly element. They took possession of the 
 Armories, have the arms and ammunition, and 1 therefore think it 
 prudent, to decline, (for the present,) responding affirmatively to the 
 requisition made by President Lincoln, for four regiments of infantry. 
 With great respect I am your obedient servant, 
 
 THOS. H. HICKS. 
 
 Frederick City, Mb., April 20th, 1861. 
 His Excellency, 
 
 THOMAS H. HICKS. 
 
 Governor of the State Maryland, 
 
 Annapolis, Md. 
 
 Sir: — In obedience to Special Orders, No. 106 Adjutant General's 
 Office, Washington, D. C. of April 15th, 1861, (detailing me to 
 muster into the service of the United States, the troops of this 
 State called out by the President's proclamation of that date,) I have 
 the honor to report to you my arrival at this place. 
 
 I would he pleased to receive from you, at your earliest convenience,
 
 288 "The Ancient City.'' 
 
 information and instructions you may liave to communicate to me,- 
 in reference to tliis duty. 
 
 I am sir, very respectfully. 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 R. MACFEELY, 
 
 Isf Lieut. 4th Infantry. 
 
 STATE OP MARYLAND, 
 
 Executive Chamber. \ 
 
 Annapolis, April 23d, 1861. j 
 
 B. MACFBELY, Esq., 
 
 1st Lieut. 4th Infantry. 
 Sir : — Your letter of the 20th inst. was received this morninff. 1 
 am directed by the Governor to inform you that no troops have l)een 
 called out in Maryland, and that consequently your mission is at an 
 end. And you will therefore report to the Secretary of War, who 
 has been informed of the Governor's views in this matter. 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 GEORGE W. JEFFERSON, 
 
 Private Secretary^ 
 
 ANiiAPOLis, April 20th, 1861. 
 To the Secretary of War : 
 
 I have understood that it is contemplated to send Northern Troops 
 to garrison Port Madison. 
 
 I would earnestly advise that none be sent. 
 
 Respectfully, 
 
 THOS. H. HICKS. 
 
 TELEGRAPHIC DISPATCH. 
 
 Washington, April 20th, 1861. 
 GOV. HICKS, 
 
 I desire to consult with you and the Mayor of Baltimore, relative 
 to preserving the peace of Maryland. Please come immediately by 
 special train, wliich you can take at Baltimore, or if necessary one can 
 be sent from hence. Answer forthwith. 
 
 LINCOLN. 
 
 STATE OF MARYLAND, 
 
 Executive 
 Annapolis, April 22d, 1861 
 
 Executive Chamber, \ 
 
 To His Excellency, 
 A. LINCOLN, 
 
 President of the United States. 
 Sir : — I feel it my duty most especially to advise you that no more 
 troops be ordered or allowed to pass through Maryland, and that the 
 troops now off Annapolis be sent elsewhere, and I most respectfully
 
 History of Annapolis. 289 
 
 -urge that a truce be offered by you, so that the effusion of blood may 
 he prevented. I respectfully suggest, that Lord Lyons be requested 
 •-to act as mediator between the contending parties of our country. 
 I have the honor to be, very respectfully. 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 THOS. H. HICKS. 
 
 Department of State, \ 
 April 32d, 1861, / 
 His Excellency, 
 
 THOS. H. HICKS, 
 
 Governor of Maryland. 
 
 Sir : — ^I have had the honor to receive your communication of this 
 .morning, in which you inform me that you have felt it to be your 
 duty to advise the President of the United States to order elsewhere 
 the troops then off Annapolis, and also that no more may be sent 
 through Maryland, and that you have farther suggested that Lord 
 Lyons be requested to act as mediator between the contending parties 
 in our country, to prevent the effusion of blood. 
 
 The President directs me to acknowledge the receipt of that com- 
 munication, and to assure you that he has weighed the counsels which 
 it contains with the respect which he habitually cherishes for the 
 ."Chief Magistrates of the several States, and especially for yourself. 
 He regrets, as deeply as any magistrate or citizen of the country can, 
 that demonstration, against the safety of the United States, with very 
 .extensive preparations for the effusion of blood, have made it his duty 
 to call out the forces to which you allude. The force now sought to be 
 brought through Maryland is intended for nothing but the defense of 
 this Capital. The President has necessarily confided the choice of 
 .the national highway, which that force shall take in coming to this 
 city, to the Lieutenant-General commanding the army of the United 
 States, who, like his only predecessor, is not less distinguished for his 
 ,'humanity than for his loyalty, patriotism, and distinguished public 
 service. 
 
 The President instructs me to add, that the national highway thus 
 selected by the Lieutenant-General has been chosen by him upon con- 
 sultation with prominent magistrates and citizens of Maryland as the 
 one which, while a route is absolutely necessary, is farthest removed 
 from the populous cities of the State, and with the expectation that 
 it would therefore be the least objectionable one. 
 
 The President cannot but remember that there has been a time in 
 the history of our country, when a General of the American Union, 
 with forces designed for the defense of its Capital, was not unwelcome 
 Anywhere in the State of Maryland, and certainly not at Annapolis, 
 then, as now, the Capital of that patriotic State, and then also one of 
 the Capitals of the Union. 
 
 If eighty years could have obliterated all the other noble sentiments 
 
 of that age in Maryland, the President would be hopeful nevertheless 
 
 ihat there is one that would forever remain there and everywhere. 
 
 "That sentiment is, that no domestic contention whatever, that may 
 
 19
 
 290 "The Ancient City." 
 
 arise among the parties of this Republic ought, in any case, to be* 
 referred to any foreign arbitrament, least of all to the arliitrament ol 
 an European monarchy. 
 
 I have the honor to be, 
 
 With distinguished'consideration, 
 
 Your Excellency's most obedient servant, 
 
 WILLIAM H. SEWARD. 
 
 [ Telegram from Mayor Brotai.] 
 
 Baltimore, April 20, 1861. 
 To Governor Hicks : 
 
 Letter from President and Gen. Scott. No troops to pass throughr 
 Baltimore, if, as a military force, they can march around. I will an- 
 swer that every eifort will be made to prevent parties leaving the city 
 to molest them ; but cannot guarantee against acts of individuals not 
 organized. Do you approve ? 
 
 GEO. WM. BROWN. 
 
 [Telegram in Heply."] 
 
 Annapolis, April 20, 1861. 
 
 To the Mayor of Baltimore : 
 
 Your dispatch received. I hoped they would send no more troops 
 through Maryland ; but, as we have no right to demand this, I am 
 glad no more are to be sent through Baltimore. I know you will do- 
 all in your power to preserve the peace. 
 
 THOS. H. HICKS. 
 
 [Telegram to the Mayor of Baltimore.^ 
 
 Annapolis, April 20, 1861, 
 I have received the following dispatch : 
 
 "I desire to consult with you and the Mayor of Baltimore relative 
 to preserving the peace of Maryland. Please come immediately by 
 special train, which you can take at Baltimore, or, if necessary one 
 can be sent from here. Lincoln." 
 
 Have you received a similar dispatch ? If so, do you intend going,- 
 and at what hour ? My going depends upon you. Answer at once. 
 
 THOS. H. HICKS. 
 
 [Telegram in reply, without signature.'] 
 To the Governw of Maryland : 
 
 The Mayor is in Washington. We have no knowledge of any sucb 
 movement. 
 
 [Telegram to Mayor Broum..] 
 
 ^ , Annapolis, April 21, 1801, 
 
 To the Mayor of Baltimore ; 
 
 It is rumored here that men have been sent for from Baltimore to 
 come here to prevent the landing of troops. Do not let them come. 
 The troops will not land here. 
 
 THOS. H. HICKS.
 
 History of Avnapolis. 394 
 
 STATE OF MARYLAND, 
 
 Executive Chamber, Annapolis, April 20, 1861. ' 
 To tJie Comma'iuler of the Volunteer Troops on Board the Steamer : 
 Sir : — I would most earnestly advise that you do not land your 
 men at Annapolis. The excitement here is very great, and I think 
 that you should take your men elsewhere. I have telegraphed to the 
 Secretary of War, advising against your landing your men here. 
 Very respectfully. 
 
 Your obedient Servant, 
 
 THOS. H. HICKS, 
 
 Governor of Maryland. 
 
 Seal of the State of \ 
 Massachusetts. j 
 
 Off Annapolis, April 22d, 1861. 
 His Excellency T/ios. H. Hicks, Governor of Maryland : 
 
 In reply to the communication from you on the 31st, I had the 
 honor to inform you of the necessities of my command, which drew 
 me into the harbor of Annapolis. My circumstances have not 
 changed. To that communication I have received no reply. I can- 
 not return, if I desire so to do, without being furnished with some 
 necessary supplies. Cor all which the money will be paid. I desire of 
 your Excellency an immediate reply, whether I have the permission 
 of the State authorities of Maryland to land the men under my com- 
 mand, and of passing quickly through the State, on my way to 
 Washington, respecting private property, and paying for what I re- 
 ceive, and outraging the rights of none — a duty which I am bound to 
 do in obedience to the requisitions of the President of the United 
 States ? 
 
 I have received some copies of an informal correspondence between 
 the Mayor of Baltimore and the President of the Baltimore and 
 Ohio Railroad, and a copy of a note from your Excellency, enclosing 
 the same to Capt. Blake, Commandant of the Naval School. These 
 purport to show that instructions have been issued by the War De- 
 partment as to the disposition of the United States militia, differing 
 from what I had supposed to l>e my duty. If these instructions have 
 been in fact issued, it would give me great pleasure to obey them. — 
 Have I yoiir Excellency's permission, in consideration of these 
 exigencies of the case, to land my men — to supply their wants, and 
 to relieve them from the extreme and unhealthy confinement of a 
 transport vessel not fitted to receive them ? To convince your Ex- 
 cellency of the good faith towards the authorities of the State of 
 Maryland, with which I am acting, and I am armed only against the 
 disturbers of her peace and of the United States, I enclose a copy of an 
 order issued to my command before I had the honor of receiving the 
 copy of your commnnication through Capt. Blake. I trust your Ex- 
 cellency will appreciate the necessities of my position, and give mean 
 immediate reply, which I await with anxiety. 
 
 I would do myself the honor to have a personal interview with your 
 Excellency, if you so desire. I beg leave to call your Excellency's 
 attention to what I hope may be pardoned for deeming an ill-advised
 
 "192 "The Anciemt City.'' 
 
 desigaation of the men under my command. They are not Northern 
 troops — they are a part of the whole militia of the United States, 
 ■'Cbeying the call of the President. 
 
 I have the honor of being your Excellency's obedient serrant, 
 BENJ. P. BUTLER, 
 Brig. General in the Militia of the United S<-»tes. 
 p. g. — It occurs to me that omr landing on tne grounds at the 
 Naval Academy would be entirely p^-oper, and in accordance with 
 your Excellency's wishes. B. F. B. 
 
 } 
 
 Seal of the State op 
 
 Massachusetts. 
 Special Brigade, Order No. 37. 
 
 Headquarters Second Division Mass. Vol. Militia, \ 
 On hoard steamer 3Iaryland, off Annapolis, April 22d, 1861. j 
 
 Col. Munroe is charged with the execution of the following order : 
 At five o'clock A. M. the troops will be paraded by company and be 
 drilled in the manual of arms. Especially in loading at will, firing 
 by file, and in the use of the bayonet, and these specialties will be ob- 
 served in all subsequent drills in the manual. Such drill to continue 
 until 7 o'clock, when all the arms will be stacked upon the upper 
 deck — great care being taken to instruct the men as to the mode of 
 stacking their arms, so that a firm stack, not easily overturned, shall 
 be made. Being oVjliged to drill at times with the weapons loaded, 
 great damage may be done by the overturning of the stack and the 
 discharging the piece. This is important. Indeed, an accident has 
 already occurred in the regiment from this cause, and although slight 
 in its consequence, yet it warns us to increased diligence in this re- 
 gard. The purpose which could only be hinted at in the orders of 
 yesterday has been accomplished. The frigate Constellation has lain 
 for a long time at this port substantially at the mercy of the armed 
 mob, which sometimes paralyzes the otherwise loyal State of Mary- 
 land. Deeds of daring, successful contests, and glorious victories had 
 rendered "Old Ironsides" so conspicuous in the naval history of the 
 country, that she was fitly chosen as the school ship in which to train 
 the future officers of the navy to like heroic acts. 
 
 It was given to Masschusetts and Essex county first to man her ; 
 it was reserved for Massachusetts to have the honor to retain her for 
 the service of the Union and the laws. 
 
 This is a sufficient triumph of right, and a sufficient triumph for us. 
 By this the blood of our friends shed by the Baltimore mob is in so 
 far avenged. The Eighth Regiment may hereafter cheer lustily on all 
 proper occasions, but never without orders. The old Constitution, by 
 their efforts, aided untiringly by the United States officers having her 
 in charge, is now safely "possessed, occupied, and enjoyed" by the 
 government of the United States, and is safe from all her foes. 
 
 We have been joined by the Seventh Regiment of New York, aad 
 together we propose peaceably, quickly, and civilly, unless opposed by 
 some mob, or other disorderly persons, to march to Washington, in 
 obedience to the requisitions of the President of United States. If 
 opposed, we shall march steadily forward.
 
 HistoryofAnnapolis. 298 
 
 My next order I hardly know how to express. I cannot assume 
 that any of the citizen soldiery of Massachusetts or New York could, 
 under any circumstances whatever, commit any outrages upon private 
 property in a loyal and friendly State. But fearing that some im- 
 proper person may have by stealth introduced himself among us, I 
 deem it proper to state, that any unauthorized interference with pri- 
 vate property will be most signally punished, and full reparation there- 
 fore made to the injured party, to .the full extent of my power and 
 ability. In so doing, I but carry out the orders of the War Depart- 
 ment. I should have done so without those orders. 
 
 Col. Munroe will cause these orders to be read at the head of eacb 
 company before we march. 
 
 Col. LefEert's command not having been originally included in this 
 order, he will be furnished with a copy for his instruction. 
 By order of 
 
 B. F. BUTLER, 
 
 Brig. General. 
 
 {signed} 
 
 WILLIAM H. CLEMENS 
 
 Brig. Major. 
 
 State of Maryland, "1 
 
 [Executive CTianiber, Annapolis, April 22, 1861. 
 To Brig. Gen. B. F. Butter: 
 
 Sir — I am in receipt of your two communications of this date, in- 
 forming me of your intention to land the men under your command at 
 Annapolis, for the purpose of marching thence to the city of Wash- 
 ington. I content myself with protesting against this movement, 
 which, in view of the excited condition of the people of this State, I 
 cannot but consider an unwise step on the part of the Government. 
 But I most earnestly urge upon you that there shall be no halt made 
 by the troops in this city. 
 
 Very respectfully. 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 TH. H. HICKS. 
 
 State of Maryland, \ 
 
 ' Executive Chamler, Annapolis, April 23, 1861. / 
 To Brig. Gen. B. F. Butter: 
 
 Sir: Having, in pursuance of the powers vested in me by the Con- 
 stitution of Maryland, summoned the Legislature of the State to as- 
 semble on Friday, the 26th instant ; and Annapolis being the place 
 in which, according to law, it must assemble ; and having been credi- 
 bly informed that you have taken military possession of the Annapolis 
 and Elk Ridge Railroad, I deem it my duty to protest against this 
 step ; because, without at present assigning any other reason, I am 
 informed that such occupany of said road will prevent the members 
 of the Legislature from reaching this city. 
 
 Very respectfully, yours, 
 
 THOS. H. HICKS. '
 
 294 ''The Ancient City." 
 
 •Seal of the State of \ 
 Massachusetts. j 
 
 Headquarters Third Brigade, "| 
 
 United States Militia, >■ 
 
 Annapolis, Md., April 33, 1861. J 
 
 To His Excellency Thos. H. Ricks, 
 
 Governor of Maryland: 
 
 Vou are credibly informed that I have taken possession of the 
 Annapolis and Elkridge Kailroad. It might have escaped your 
 notice, but at the official meeting between your Excellency and the 
 Mayor of Annapolis, and the authorities of the government and 
 myself, it was expressly stated as the reason why I should not land, 
 that my troops could not pass the railroad, because the company had 
 taken up the rails, and they were private property. It is difficult to 
 ;iee how it could be, that if my troops could not pass over the rail- 
 road one way, the members of the Legislature could pass the other 
 way. I have taken possession for the purpose of preventing the car- 
 rying out of the threats of the mob, as officially represewted to me by 
 the Master of Transportation of this city "that if my troops passed 
 over the railroad, the railroad should be destroyed." 
 
 If the government of the State had taken possession of the railroad 
 in any emergency, I should have long waited before I entered upon 
 it. But, as I had the honor to inform your Excellency in regard to 
 insurrection against the laws of Maryland, I am here armed to main- 
 tain those laws, if your Excellency desires, and the peace of the 
 United States, against all disorderly persons whatever. I am en- 
 deavoring to save and not to destroy ; to obtain means of transpor- 
 tation, so I can vacate the capital prior to the sitting of the Legisla- 
 ture, and not be under the painful necessity of occupying your beauti- 
 ful city while the Legislature is in session. 
 I have the honor to be. 
 
 Your Excellency's obedient servant, 
 
 Br. Gex. B. F. Butler. 
 
 Headquarters Third Brigade "j 
 
 Mass. Vol. Militia, [■ 
 
 Annapolis, Md., April 23, 1861. j 
 To His Excellency Thos. 11. Hicks, 
 
 Governor of the State of Maryland: 
 I did myself the honor, in my communication of yesterday, wherein 
 I asked permission to land the jjortion of the militia o: the United 
 States under my command, to state that they were armed only 
 against the disturbers of the peace of the State of Maryland and of 
 the L'nited States. 
 
 I have understood within the last hour that some apprehensions 
 were entertained of an insurrection of the negro population of this 
 neighborhood. I am anxious to convince all classes of persons that 
 the forces under my command are not here in any way to interfere 
 with or countenance any interference with the laws of the State. I 
 am, therefore, ready to co-operate with your Excellency in suppress-
 
 HisTORTOF Annapolis. " 295 
 
 "tug most promptly and effectively any insurrection against the laws 
 of Maryland. 
 
 I beg, therefore, that you announce publicly that any portion of the 
 forces under my command is at your Excellency's disposal, to act 
 immediately for the preservation and quietness of the peace of this 
 community. 
 
 And I have the honor to be, 
 
 Your Excellency's obedient servant, 
 B. F. BUTLER, 
 General of Third Brigade. 
 
 State of Maryland, \ 
 
 Executive Chamber, Annapolis, April 33, 1861. j 
 
 To Bri(/. (ren. B. F. Butler : 
 
 Sir — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of 
 this morning, tendering the force under your command to aid in sup- 
 pressing a rumored insurrection of the slaves of this county. 
 
 I thank you most sincerely for the tender of your men ; but I had, 
 before the receipt of your letter, directed the Sheriff of the County to 
 act in tl\e matter ; and am confident that the citizens of the county 
 are fully able to suppress any insurrection of our slave population. 
 I have the honor to be. 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 TH. H. HICKS. 
 
 .COPY OF DISPATCHES FROM BRIG. GEN. BUTLER TO 
 GOVERNOR CURTIN. 
 
 To His Excdhnry, Andrew Curtin, Comnuuider in Chief of the 
 Forces of Pennsylvania : 
 Sir : Should this dispatch be forwarded to you, countersigned by 
 His Excellency Thomas H. Hicks, Governor of Maryland, you will 
 please to understand that the insurgents have surrendered Pikeville 
 Arsensal, and that it, therefore, will not be necessary to advance your 
 itroops, as you were yesterday requested by me. 
 
 B. F. BUTLER, 
 Brigadier General. 
 Annapolis, April 24th, 1861. 
 
 State of Maryland, \ 
 
 Executive Chamber, Annapolis, April 24:th, 1861. J 
 To Brig. Gen. B. F. Butler : 
 
 Sir : — A despatch signed by you, addressed to Gov. A. Curtin, has 
 been received by me, with a verbal request that I countersign it, and 
 have it forwarded to its address. 
 
 In reference to the Arsenal at Pikeville, I have no official infor- 
 
 jnation. 1 do not know who is now in possesion of it. I am cut off 
 
 'from all communication with other parts of the State ; and have no 
 
 iTneans to forward your dispatch, if I were willing to countersign it. 
 
 I am compelled, therefore, to decline to accede to your request. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 TH. H. HICKS.
 
 J{96 "The Ancient City." 
 
 These rapid and warlike events, Gov. Hicks, in his message to thep 
 Legislature, April 27, thus depicted to that body th^en in session at 
 Frederick : 
 
 "On Sunday morning last, I discovered that a detachment of troops, 
 under command of Brig. Gen. B. F. Butler, had reached Annapolis 
 in a steamer, and had taken possession of the practice ship Consti- 
 tution, which, during that day, they succeeded in getting outside the 
 harbor of Annapolis, where she now lies. After getting the ship ofl^ 
 the steamer laid outside our harbor, aud was soon joined by another 
 steamer, having on board the Seventh Regiment from New York 
 City. 
 
 "Brig. Gen. Butler addressed me, asking for permission to land his- 
 forces. It will be seen, from the correspondence herewith submitted, 
 that I refused my consent. The Mayor of Annapolis also protested. 
 But both steamers soon afterwards landed at the Naval Academy and- 
 put off the troops. Subsequently, other large bodies of troops- 
 reached here in transports and were landed. 1 was notified that the 
 troops were to be marched to Washington. They desired to go with- 
 out obstruction from our people ; but they had orders to go to Wash- 
 ington, and were determined to obey those orders. In furtherance of 
 their designs, they took military possession of the Annapolis and Elk 
 Ridge Railroad ; in regard to which act I forwarded to Brig. Gen. 
 Butler the protest, and received the reply herewith submitted. On 
 Wednesday morning the two detachments first landed took up the 
 line of march for Washington. The people of Annapolis, though 
 greatly exasperated, acting under counsel of the most prudent citi- 
 zens, refrained from molesting or ol^structing the passage of the 
 troops through the city. 
 
 "Seriously impressed with the condition of afl'airs, and anxious to- 
 avoid a repetition of events similar to those which had transpired in 
 Baltimore, I deemed it my duty to make another appeal to the 
 authorities at Washington. Accordinglv, I sent a special messenger 
 to Washington, with a despatch to the'administration advising that 
 no more troops be sent through Maryland ; that the troops at Anna- 
 polis be sent elsewhere ; and urging that a truce be offered with a 
 view of a peaceful settlement of existing difficulties by mediation. I 
 suggested that Lord Lyons, the British Minister, be requested to act 
 as mediator between the contending parties. The result of the 
 ^iffion will be seen from the correspondence herewith submitted. 
 
 "These events have satisfied me that the War Department has con- 
 cluded to make Annapolis the point for landing troops, and has re- 
 solved to open and maintain communication between this place and 
 Washington." 
 
 Annapolis thus became an important military station, and so re- 
 mained to the close of the war. 
 
 [1861.] Although the editor of the Gazette had abandoned the 
 lone star policy for Maryland, Gov. Hicks, up to April 25, ISGI, had 
 not given up the hope that Maryland would not be a battle ground. 
 Writing from AnnapoHs on that date to the Legislature at Frederick, 
 the Governor said : "I can give no other counsel than that we shall 
 array ourselves for Union and peace, and thus preserve our soil from 
 being polluted with the blood of brethren." Gov. Hicks' remedy was 
 of one kind and the editor of the Gazette's another. Both were-
 
 History op Annapolis. 297 
 
 equally inefficacious as the battles of Monocacy, Sharpsburg, and 
 Antietam well attest. 
 
 May 9, 1861, the Gazette had to defend its assertions made April 35, 
 Amongst these were that "the people pf Annapolis are highly indig- 
 nant at the occupation of our city. But were powerless to oppose 
 them. Yielding to the advice of the more prudent, our people have 
 refrained from any open demonstration against the troops." Also, 
 that ''the feeling hereabouts is almost unanimous on the subject"—' 
 that is, on secession. He asserted that "at the time we penned them 
 tkey were undoubtedly true, so far as we were able to ascertain." 
 He added that "no doubt noio (May 9,) secession is at a discount in 
 Annapolis, because such a thing makes a disagreeable impression in 
 the minds of the troops," and because it is "the thing" now to be a 
 Union man. 
 
 A town meeting was held May 4, of which John R. Magruder was 
 President, Dr. Dennis Claude and Col. John Walton, Vice-Presidents, 
 and Oliver Miller, Secretary, "to take into consideration the proposed 
 action of the Legislature to appoint a committee of Public Safety. The 
 committee on resolutions were : A. Randall, Dr. John Ridout, Frank 
 H. Stockett, and Wm. L. Seabrook. The meeting resolved that "the 
 proposed bill was an act of lawless despotism, and that the passage 
 thereof would be calculated to bring the people of this State in con- 
 flict with General Government." 
 
 By May 13, the Government had a track laid from the Naval 
 Academy, via the College Avenue, to the Annapolis and Elk Ridge 
 Depot, and munitions of war were landed at the Naval Academy, and 
 carried to Washington w'thout change of cars. 
 
 Col. Smith of the 13th New York was, at this period, given com- 
 mand of the Naval Academy, the cadets having taken their flight to 
 Newport, Rhode Island. Col. Smith, May 14, "treated the citizens to • 
 a parade of the regiment through the town, a stratagem adroitly laid 
 to allay any latent feeling of secession in the city. The little 
 assumptions of authority of the colonel commanding the post Itrought 
 out one of the local poets to declare in print : 
 
 "That Colonel Smith is a mighty warrior, 
 
 He commands our Naval School, 
 And he acts both judge and lawyer. 
 Though sometimes he acts the fool." 
 
 There were several other verses, and they found their way into the 
 hands of the colonel, who, instead of resenting this rhythmic criticism, 
 enjoyed the effusion, and complimented the unknown author on his 
 wit and verse. 
 
 The older heads that held secession views found it wise to be quiet, 
 but a young compary of secession youths boldly dressed in red, with 
 wooden guns, paraded the town without fear or molestation, and on 
 the night of July 21, 1861, when the news of the battle of Bull Run 
 reached Annapolis, a crowd of young Southern sympathizers marched ■ 
 down town singing and rejoicing over the defeat of the Federal troops. 
 But that was the last of it, the Federal authorities found they had 
 earnest work on hand and open sympathy was met with the same 
 vigor that was displayed in the field against the Southern Confederacy. 
 The Mary landers even found it was a dangerous combination to put th© 
 colors red and white in juxtaposition in their articles of dress.
 
 .^98 "The Ancient CiTT.'' 
 
 May 30, the (iazntta says : "By order of Gov. Hicks the National 
 Flag will be displayed every day from the dome of the State House. 
 The cheering sight, will, we hope, add fervor to the Union cause, and 
 will shame away the remnant of treason which is yet skulking in the 
 'Ancient City,' waiting its opportunity to again suppress free speech 
 and free action, and to inaugurate a new 'reign of terror.' in our 
 midst. There need be little fear of this, however, for the traitors are 
 ;inown. every man of them, and, we trust, condign punishment will 
 be meted out, to every one who shall again dare to raise his hand 
 against our liberties." 
 
 The extreme carefulness of the Federal troops to show that they had 
 not come to take away the Southerner's slaves or to give liberty to those 
 jn bondage is shown by the following from the Gazette of the same date: 
 
 "Captured. — A runaway slave, belonging to Dennis Orme, Esq., 
 of this ccnmty, was captured on Thursday last V)y a picket guard of 
 National Soldiery on the line of the Annapolis and Elk Ridge Rail- 
 road, and promptly taken to our county jail. Sucli an act is a rebuke 
 to those who denounce the Northern soldiers as our enemies. " A little 
 later than this one of the citizens of Annapolis received very different 
 treatment from that accorded to Mr. Orme. Mr. Danl. T. Hyde went 
 into the Naval Academy to secure one of his slaves who had taken 
 refuge there. The commander was willing to render hira ui), but 
 when the soldiery discovered Mr. Hyde's mission, they closed around 
 him M'ith a ferocity that threatened the mobbing of the slave-owner. 
 He safely escaped the danger, but, without Sam Foulks, who was 
 hidden in a hogshead by the soldirrs. 
 
 On May 2:J, the (iaze'ttc reproduced an article from the Philadelphia 
 Inquirer, which said it had received it from "an intelligent correspon- 
 ,dent who is one of the oldest and most estimable citizens of Annapolis, 
 who suggests a plan by which the City of Baltimore can be made to 
 feel the proper retribution for her unwillingness or inability to control 
 the lawless element of her population. It is simjjly to make Anna- 
 polis the commercial emporium of the State of Maryland, for which. 
 pixrposes it far surpasses Baltimore in natural advantages. It is 
 iocaled in a spacious and sheltered harbor, easily accessable from 
 the sea to ships of the greatest draught ; it is the natural outlet, by 
 descending grades, for the vast coal fields of Virginia whose develop- 
 ment gives employment to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, which 
 has now a branch to Annapolis. It is already the seat of a wealthy 
 . and refined population, which only needs an infusion of business meu 
 to inaugurate an era of commercial activity and consequent prosperity. 
 We learn that a number of merchants who were driven from Baltimore 
 for their devotion to the Union, will permanently locate themselves 
 , at Annapolis, supported by the unswerving loyalty of the people of 
 that city, and that Northern business men who, within the past few 
 weeks, have been compelled to pass through Annapolis, have declared 
 that, before years, it would rival Baltimore in the struggle for com- 
 mercial supremacy." 
 
 The faithful historian must relate that neither record nor recol- 
 lection bear witness of the settlement in the 'Ancient City" of any 
 "merchants, who were driven from Baltimore, for their devotion to 
 ■the Union," and, after twenty-seven years' opportunity to realize 
 ■the prophesies of this "intellig'ent correspondent," Baltimore still re- 
 ;jiiains the emporium of Maryland.
 
 History OF Annapolis. 299 
 
 June 10, four companies of the 13th Regt. N. Y. S. M., left 
 Annapolis and proceeded to Easton, Md., where they seized 1700 
 stand of arms, six pieces of artillery, and a quantity of ammunition. 
 A soldier was accidentally killed on the expedition. 
 
 In the Congressional election in June, Chas. B. Calvert, Union man, 
 received at Annapolis 296 votes ; Benj. G. Harris, Democrat, 127. 
 In Anne Arundel, Calvert received 915 votes and Harris 674. 
 
 June 15th, the Union men of Annapolis had a pole raising and flung 
 the stars and stripes to the breeze. The 13th New York took part 
 and speeches were made by W. L. W. Seabrook, Major Gen. Morse, of 
 Mass., and Oliver Dayton, of New York. The artillery gave a salute 
 of 34 guns. 
 
 Considerable excitement was created in Annapolis by the seizure, 
 June 25, by the Federal government of Philadelphia oyster vessels in 
 the hands of the State authorities for violations of the dredging laws. 
 It seems the owners represented to the authorities at "Washington, 
 that their "vessels had been unlawfully captured by the secessionists 
 from Annapolis, who had torn down the nationalflagfrora their masts, 
 trampled it under foot, and cheered lustily for the traitor Jeff Davis.' ' 
 
 Vi' . H. Russell, the celebrated correspondent of the London Times, 
 reached Annapolis, on Monday, July 14, from Fortress Monroe and 
 remained until Tuesday. 
 
 July 25 appears to have been the day on which the vanguard of 
 that great army of sick and wounded that was located in Annapolis 
 during the civil war, arrived. Fifty such soldiers were brought from 
 Georgetown. 
 
 The Gazttte, of August 1st, complains of encroachments on the 
 rights of the people by the Federal government, saying that "most 
 of these incidents are totally unnecessary, totally uncalled for by any 
 exigency aiid are perpetrated by fanatical and incompetent officers 
 of the General Government, who take unconscionable advantage of 
 circumstances to carry out some fanatical theory or revengeful 
 feeling." 
 
 Col. R. Riddle Roberts, now in command of the Naval Academy, 
 caused three negroes who had come by boat, and landed at the 
 Naval Academy, and had asked shelter, to be delivered "to the Sheriff 
 of Anne Arundel county to be dealt with according to law." 
 
 A Union Home Guard was organized in Annapolis. Its officers 
 were Captain Roger Bellis; Lieutenant, William Hubbard, Jr.; 
 Orderly Sergeanr, Norman Leslie; 2d Sergeant, Michael Kernin, Cor- 
 porals, Wm. H. Bellis, John Ireland, and Julian Brewer. 
 
 The military spirit cropped out strongly in Annapolis. The Union 
 members of the Governor's Guard seceded and formed a new oompany 
 under Capt. W. G. Tuck. A Zouave corps »f 80 was formed under 
 the command of Capt. William Hubbard. That part of the Governor's 
 Guard, alleged to be affected with Southern sentiments, still paraded 
 without arms, and the Gazette suggested it was "a great outrage to 
 permit them to keep up their organization," as they would join the 
 Confederates if opportunity presented itself. 
 
 September 1, eleven Confederate prisoners were brought to Anna- 
 polis. The ladies of Southern proclivities paid them marked 
 attention. Col. Augustus Morse of the 21st Mass., had now com- 
 mand of the troops at the Naval Academy. He afterward settled at 
 Annapolis, and purchased the City Hotel.
 
 bOO ''The Ancient City." 
 
 [1863.] Burnside's expedition to Roanoke Island made its ren- 
 dezvous at Annapolis, and a camp for paroled prisoners was established 
 on the College Campus in the rear of the buildings. This camp was 
 eventually removed to Camp Parole, two miles from Annapolis, where 
 thousands of paroled prisoners were constantly quartered during the 
 Kar. From this camp was named the Station of that name on the 
 Annapolis, Washington, and Baltimore railroad. 
 
 The Assembly Rooms were made the head quarters of Provost 
 Guard, and during their occupancy, was set on fire. The Federal 
 government paid for the damage and with this money the building 
 was repaired. 
 
 The Annapolis Gazette, which had been established in 1852 by 
 Thos. J. Wilson and Richard Sellman, ceased publication, it appears, 
 in August 1861. September 10, 1863, it was recuseitated with Rich. 
 P. Bayly, well-known in the fraternity as "Deacon Baily", as 
 editor and proprietor. The Gazette still maintained its strong union 
 sentiments, the new editor declaring, "with me it is the Union — the 
 whole Union — first, last, and all the time." 
 
 [1863.] Sept. 5, the Steam Ferryboat "Ready" arrived for use on 
 Severn River Ferry. 
 
 Paroled prisoners from the camps near the city who were found in 
 town "without a pass," subsequent to the 1st inst., were ordered to 
 be arrested by the Provost Guard and returned to the camp to which 
 they belonged. Annapolis was now thoroughly policed by a 
 military guard, the provost marshal being superintendent of police. 
 
 The Gazette expressed its gratification that the enrollment of 
 Anne Arundel, preliminary to a draft, was nearly completed. The 
 work was done under Thomas N. Pindle, Esq. The Gazette added : 
 "It is a source of pleasure to know that the work has been effected 
 without any violence. There were rumors that Seresh would not per- 
 mit the enrollment to be quietly and peaceably made. In fact, so 
 strong was this opinion, that nearly all the persons first appointed • 
 to make the enrollment refused to act." 
 
 It revives with breezy freshness the old war time scenes in a border 
 State to con over the Gazette. 
 
 From its local column is taken this daguerreotype of the times : 
 
 "Arrested. — Basil XcNew, residing near this city, was arrested on ' 
 Thursday evening, (Sept. 10,) for uttering disloyal sentiments in our 
 streets. He was taken lo the Guard House, where he was detained 
 until Saturday morning, when he was taken to Fort McHenry. ■ 
 Whilst in the Guard House, he vociferously hurrahed for the 
 Southern Confederacy and Jeflf Davis, and it was with difficulty the 
 firm and eilicient, yet kind Provost Marshal, Capt. F.J. Keffer, could : 
 prevent the paroled prisoners in the same room from doing him per- 
 sonal injury." 
 
 Mr. McNew survived his temporary imprisonment in Fort McHenry, 
 and IS now the efficient keeper of the Anne Arundel Court House. 
 
 The authorities at the same time sent Samuel Topper, alias Wm. 
 Mcintosh to Fort McHenry on the charge of being a spy. He had ■ 
 been arrested by the Colonel of the 109th N. Y. Volunteers at the 
 Annapolis Junction on the third of July, and had been in the Anna- 
 polis jail since that date. There seemed to be some difficulty in ■ 
 determining whether, or not. Topper was a spy or a lunatic. The- 
 authorities put themselves on the safe side by locking him up in prison, .
 
 History OF Annapolis. 301 
 
 The Gazette, at this time, published several communications whose 
 evident object was to intimidate the democrats from taking any part 
 in the politics of the day. The democrats were spoken of as traitors, 
 and the publications made against them tended to make the Federal 
 Government lay its hands on them. The animosities of that day can 
 be easily conceived when in its issue of Sept. 24, the Gazette says : 
 
 <'The Ball in Motion. — At a meeting of the Secesh Democracy, 
 held in this city on the 15th instant, the gentlemen named below 
 were appointed as delegates to represent this Election District (Anna- 
 polis,) in a Convention to be held in Bladensburg on'this day, (Sept. 24,) 
 to nominate a candidate for this Congressional District — Messrs. Pass- 
 more McCullough, Wm. Bryan, John Duvall, and Wm. Watts. 
 These gentlemen are all well-known to have been ardent supporters of 
 the measures of the Legislature that met at Frederick in 1861, the 
 majority of which {sic) labored to the utmost of their power to unite 
 Maryland with South Carolina, and the other Cotton States in their 
 rebellion against the Government of the United States. That they 
 still occupy the same position we have every reason to believe, and so 
 far as their action relates to the said Congressional Convention we 
 may expect the nomination of a violent secessionist, an enemy to 
 the prevailing Government, and decidedly opposed to forcing the 
 Rebels to lay down their arms. * « « « The question then 
 arises, will the Government permit a party to organize in loyal Mary- 
 land, (and that too in the only Congressional District secessionism 
 dare rear its standard,) whose chief object will be to obstruct and 
 ■embarrass every effort that may be made to put down the accursed re- 
 bellion, and restore the Union and the blessings of peace ? We shall 
 see." 
 
 The county delegates to the Congressional Convention, Benj. Tongue, 
 Dr. J. W. Waugh, Sprigg Harwood, and James Sandford, ih^ Gazette, 
 snappishly declared were "in favor of the dissolution of the Union 
 and the recognition of the Southern Confederacy. " These embarrassing 
 charges had apparently one object in view — the arrest of democratic 
 leaders and the utter overthrow of the party by the military power of 
 the Federal Government. 
 
 The enrollment of Annapolis showed there were in the first class, 545 
 whites and 147 colored, subject to military duty, and in the second 
 class, 163 whites and 22 colored. 
 
 The democratic Congressional Convention of the 5th district, nomi- 
 nated no candidate, but recommended Benj. G. Harris, of St. Mary's 
 county. 
 
 The provost guard was no idle form, but prohibited liquor to the 
 soldiers in a manner to do the most advanced temperance advocate's 
 heart a boundless amount of good. October 5, it seized the stock 
 of liquor of the proprietor of the American House and placed a 
 guard there on the ground that liquor had been sold at the hotel to 
 the soldiers. The hotel stood on the vacant lot above Andrews' alley 
 leading from Main street to State House Circle. 
 
 The democrats of Anne Arundel made their contest this year under 
 many difficulties and with the fear of military interference constantly 
 before their eyes. In Annapolis the Union vote on State's Attorney 
 was, H. M. Murray, 302 ; James Revell, dem., 147. In the county the
 
 302 ''The Ancient City. '' 
 
 vote was, Murray, 635 ; James Revell, 1,119. The closest vote was 
 on Res^ister of Wills— Benj. E. Gantt, independent, 853 ; Richard 
 I. Duvall, dem., 898. 
 
 Sick prisoners, out of Confederate hands were now frequently arriv- 
 ing in Annapolis. They were in a suffering and emaciated condition. 
 
 Public Buildings, Churches, and Ancient 
 JLandmakks. 
 
 POUR GUBERNATORIAL RESIDENCES. 
 
 Annapolis contains four houses that have served, or were intended 
 to serve, as the residences of the governors of Maryland. 
 
 The earliest built is that now owned by Mr. Francis T. Marchand, 
 formerly the residence of Judge A. B. Hagner, No. 83 Prince 
 George street. The house is a well preserved evidence of the taste 
 and solidity of the architecture of that interesting period. To this 
 house a few years since an addition was made on the right wing. The 
 outlines and propoi-tions of the ancient building are easily discerned. 
 
 This building belonged to Major Edward Dorsey, and was occupied 
 by Governor Francis Nicholson, who was the Executive of the pro- 
 vince from 1694 to 1709. The exact date of the erection of the build- 
 ing is not known. This house is most probably the one that was oc- 
 cupied for the sitting of the Legislature after the burning of the 
 State House in 1704. 
 
 The next in age is McDowell Hall, St. John's College. In 1744, the 
 College Green, containing four acres of land, was conveyed by Stephen 
 Boardley to Thomas Bladen, governor of Maryland, who projected 
 the main and central building, as a palatial residence for the gover- 
 nors of Maryland. Its site, the commodious grounds, the spacious 
 building conspired to make the mansion a desirable home and a prince- 
 ly public residence. Mr. Duff, the architect, came from Scotland to 
 superintend the construction of the building, materials of every kind 
 were provided in a most liberal spirit, and the edifice was "nearly 
 finished in a style of magnificence, suitable to the prosperity and en- 
 terprise of the province, when a disagreement took place between the 
 governor and the legislature, that reached such a fervor, that, at a 
 period, when a nominal sum would have made it a fitting mansion for 
 the executives of Maryland, all work was stopped, and it remained 
 until 1784, "a melancholy and mouldering monument" of the results 
 of political dissensions. It appropriately received the cognomen of 
 "the Governor's folly." 
 
 By chap. 37, 1784, this property was voted by the State to St. 
 John's College, provided the college was established at Annapolis. 
 
 The third gubernatorial mansion is the one now occupied by the 
 Naval Academy as a library. The main building of this house was
 
 History OF Annapolis. 303 ■ 
 
 erected by Edmund Jennings, from whom it was purchased by Gov- 
 ernor Robert Eden who was executive of Maryland from 1760 to 1776. 
 Governor Eden built the wings and the long-room. There are many 
 living in AnnapoUs who will readily recognize Mr. David Ridgely's 
 description of it as it appeared in 1840 : 
 
 "This edifice has a handsome court and garden, extending, with 
 the exception of an intervening lot, to water's edge. From the 
 portico looking to the garden, a fine prospect regales the vision. The 
 building consists of two stories, and presents an extensive front ; there 
 are on the lower floor a large room on each side of the hall as you 
 enter; and several smaller ones ; the saloon, on the same floor, is 
 nearly the length of the house. On each side of the edifice are com-' 
 modious kitchens, carriage-house, and stables, with spacious lots.- 
 Towards the water, the building rises in the middle in a turreted 
 shape. It stands detached from other structures, and is altogether a 
 delightful and suitable mansion for the chief magistrateof our State." 
 
 By act 1866, chap. 46, this house and grounds were sold to the 
 United States Government for an addition to the Naval Academy. 
 
 This act provided for the purchase of a site for, and the erection of >• 
 another Gubernatorial Mansion. The Governor, Comptroller, and 
 Treasurer, Thomas Swann being governor, were authorized to have 
 this work executed. One hundred thousand dollars were appropriated.- 
 The site selected was a quintangular lot, fronting on State House 
 Circle, College Avenue, (Tabernacle street,) Church Circle, Lawyer, 
 and North streets. 
 
 To make room for the present Governor's mansion, two fine old.- 
 colonial residences had to be torn down. One was the house of the' 
 late George E. Franklin, and the other of Mrs. Green. The last 
 house was formerly the residence of Absalom Ridgely, and of his son 
 Dr. John Ridgely, who was surgeon on the U. S. Ship Philadelphia 
 when it was captured in the harbor of Tripoli in 1804. This house' 
 was built by Gen. Geo. H. Stewart's grandfather. 
 
 The lot and building of the new executive mansion cost 869,296.28 
 over the appropriation which the Legislature was called upon to meet. 
 The Legislature investigated the matter and made a detailed report of 
 the expense, but a wise and friendly State printer neglected to bind the 
 report among public documents of the session, and this interesting^ 
 statement is therefore lost to history and posterity. 
 
 First Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 The first trustees of the Methodist Congregation of Annapolis, of 
 whom there is any record were Absalom Ridgely, Joseph Evans. 
 George "Wells, and John Miller. When the church was incorporated 
 in 1833, all of the original trustees were dead save Joseph Evans who 
 then was no longer a member of the church. 
 
 The first church of Methodism stood near the site of the present 
 Record office on the State House Hill. The circle did not extend as 
 far then as it does now. The church was a frame building and was 
 kno'vvn as "the old blue church," so designated from its color. It 
 had a stairway on the outside, up which the colored part of the con- 
 gregation went to the gallery set apart for them. After it ceased tc 
 be used as a church, it became a school-house.
 
 §04 ''The Axcient City.'' 
 
 When the Methodists became a corporate body in 1833, the follow- 
 ing were the trustees : Nicholas J. "Watkins, Basil Shephard, Louis 
 -Gassaway, Geo. McNeir, Thos. G. Waters, Grafton Munroe, Andrew 
 Slicer, and Philip Clayton. 
 
 The Second Church, in which the Methodists worshiped was built 
 about 1820. It was a neat brick building, with pressed brick front, 
 and remained until 1859, when the present church was built on the 
 same site. It was in this second church that Gen. La Fayette at- 
 tended divine service Annapolis in 1*^24. 
 
 The V)uilding committee of the present church was J. Wesley 
 White, James Andrews, and James Munroe. The committee on 
 funds: J. Wesley White, Joshua Brown, Philip Clayton, Edward 
 Hopkins, Solomon Philips, Isaac Brewer, James Andrews, R. R. 
 >Goodman, and James Munroe. 
 
 The congregation as early as 1834 bought a parsonage on Cornhill 
 street, on the north side near the corner. It was burnt down about 
 1851. The present parsonage was built in 1852. 
 
 Presbytebian Church. 
 
 The first Presbyterian Church of Annapolis was organized May 2d, 
 1846, by the Rev. Dr. Laurie and the Rev. Mr. Dunlop. members of 
 the congregation appointed by the Presbytery of Baltimore for that 
 duty. The elders elected at that time were Prof. A. N. Girault and 
 Dr. John Ridout. 
 
 On the 25th cf July, 1846, the corner-stone of the church edifice 
 was laid by Rev. Thomas Peck, D. D., at which time an address was 
 delivered by him at the Assembly Rooms. 
 
 On the 11th of July, 1847, the Church was dedicated, .Geo. W. 
 Musgrave, D. D., preaching the seamon. On the same day, the first 
 pastor, Rev. Chas. H. Ewing, was installed. 
 
 The following succeeded Mr. Ewing as pastors : Rev. J. J. GrafE, 
 1849 to 1861. Rev. J, M. Patterson from 1861 to 1866. Rev. J. J. 
 Henderson from 1867 to 1875. Rev. II. 0. Gibbons from 1876 to 
 1881. Rev. Robt. H.Williams, the pastor now in charge, was in- 
 stalled in October, 1882. 
 
 St. Mary's Catholic Church. 
 
 The present Catholic Church was erected in 1858, when the Rev. 
 Father Michael Miller was pastor. 
 
 The first Catholic Church was erected on the site of St. Mary's 
 Parochial School. It was built mainly through the instrumentality 
 of the venerable Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, during the later period 
 of his life, probably somewhere about 1830. It was torn down a few 
 years since on account of its unsafe condition. Near the parochial 
 school is a house that was formerly used as the residence of the 
 Catholic clergymen. It is one of a row of buildings that previously 
 stood there, then known as "Mac Namara's row," and this house is 
 said to be one of the oldest in the city. MacNamara was one of the 
 earliest to have his lot surveyed when the town was re-surveyed ia 
 1718. 
 
 The property, now owned by the Redemptorist Order, formerly be-
 
 History ok Axnapolis. o05 
 
 louged to Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, and was donated to this re- 
 ligious body by the descendants of this illustrious patriot. 
 
 Wesley Chapel 
 
 Was erected in 1870. Tlie Imilding committee were Joseph S. M. 
 Basil, J. Wesley Robinson, and .Josiah Russell. The pastor in charge 
 was J. H. Swope. 
 
 St. Martin's Church. 
 
 St. Martin's Evangelical Lutheran Church was founded April 6, 
 1874. On .June 7, 1875, the corner-stone of the church was laid. 
 The building committee of tlie church was: M. R. Casler. Henry 
 Kaiser, John Dressel, Jerry W. Kalmey, and John Steip. The trus- 
 tees at present are : Christian Boessell, Martin M. Smith. William 
 Haller, Henry Matzen, Frederick Vollmer, and Charles Ziehlke. 
 
 AsBURY M. E. CouRcn, (Colored Congregatiox. ) 
 
 This church was built in 103. The trustees were John Wheeler, 
 George Martin. Sanil. Hackney, Matthias Robertson, Franois Tray, 
 John Forty. The church was rebuilt in 1838, and at that time was 
 connected with the Baltimore Conference. The trustees ar present 
 are Thomas Jones, Louis Lomack, David Johnson, Ben;'. Little, 
 Wiley Bates, Joseph Pinkney, Arson Tyler, and Henry Hebron. The 
 pastor is Rev. Alexander Dennis. 
 
 Mount Moriah Church. (Colored Congregation.) 
 Was built in 1876 under the pastorage of Rev. Jonathan Hamilton. 
 
 The Ball Room 
 
 Is the same building that Eddis described ni 1770. One room is 
 now used for the meeting of the City Council, other apartments for 
 balls and social gatherings, and one portion as the department 
 headquarters. The supper room was formerly the revenue office of the 
 province. During the erection of present State House, the Legislat- 
 ture met in the Ball Room. 
 
 The Old City Hall 
 
 Is the house now occupied by Worthington & Co. It was used 
 formerly as the place of mei>tiug of the corporation, and as a fire 
 engine house. It was sold about fifteen years since to William T. 
 Iglehart. 
 
 The City Hotel 
 
 Was originally the residence of Mr. Lloyd Dulany. That part was- 
 two stories high and in it is the room occupied by Gen. Washington, 
 the night before he resigned his military commission. A new build- 
 ing of "three stories was added afterward, and, about 1830, the build- 
 ings, from the large one on Conduit street to the corner of Conduit 
 street and Duke of Gloucester, were erected. The first proprietor of 
 20
 
 306 ''The Ancient City. '' 
 
 it as a hotel was Col. Mann. This was during the Revolutionary period, 
 .■ And it was known as Mann's Hotel. Then William Caton became pro- 
 prietor, and it was Caton's Hotel and City Tavern. Messrs. Iglehartand 
 Swann were afterward proprietors. Then Col. John Walton. Next 
 Ool. Morse. The property lately passed into the hands of William H. 
 Grorman and Luther P. Col ton. 
 
 Salvation Akmy Barracks. 
 
 A corps of the Salvation Army, consisting of Captain Samuel 
 Gully and wife, made its appearance in Annapolis in 1885. They 
 made slow progress at first, but, in the course of the year, the corps, 
 which had received the help of other officers gathered together about 
 fifty recruits. Their unique accompaniments of triangle, tamborine, and 
 cornet to draw the attention of sinners, excited the amusement and 
 <jftentimes the disfavor of the public, but their earnest words and sober 
 lives won the respect and brought success to the Army. They were 
 able in the fall and winter of 1885-6 to erect a plain but comfortable 
 ''Barracks" on King George street, at the foot of East. 
 
 THE CHASE MANSION. 
 
 The house, on the north side of Maryland Avenue, corner of King 
 George, built in 1770, liy Judge Samuel Chase, (known in the fftHiily 
 as Judge Samuel Chase, tlie Signer,) has been described as "probably 
 the most stately house in Annapolis, being the only colonial residence 
 which is three stories high. The main feature of the house is its 
 hall of entrance opening on a lofty porch and extending through the 
 house from front to back, a distance of over forty-five feet, and being 
 over fourteen feet wide, the lai'ge double front door being' arched 
 with glass transome and a window on each side. The stairway* crp- 
 jiosite the front door, begins with a single flight of steps, and, rising 
 to nearly half the height o^ the stairway, ends with a platform from 
 which a flight of steps on each side diverges, ascending to a gallery 
 which is supported l^y Ionic pillars. Above the first platform of the 
 staircase rises a triple window, the central of which is arched and 
 the whole is of magnificent porporlions, reminding one of some ancient 
 church. At each end of the gallery above is an arched door with 
 glass 'transome. Opening on this gallery from the front, is the door 
 of an apartment, and on each side" of the door a niche intended for 
 ■statuary. The dining room is handsomely ornamented in carved 
 wood, and the marble mantel piece of this^ room represents a scene 
 from Shakespeare in sculpture." It was intended to have had wing.>; 
 upon this house, but it was sold, before beitig finished, to Governor 
 .Lloyd, who was the executive of the State fi'om 1809 to 1811. Mr. 
 Henry Harwood, his son-in-law, bought the house from Gov. Lloyd. 
 It was afterward purchased by Captain Edward' Gibson, U. S. N. 
 The next purchaser was Miss Hester Ann Chase, who bought it iu 
 1847. She was the daughter of Jeremiah T. Chase.- It' is- now in the 
 possession of Mrs._ Hester Ann Chase Ridout, ■ grand daughter of- 
 :i3amuel Chase^jifl.t'eremiah T. Chase. 
 
 The Harwood Residence. 
 
 The house, with wings, on the south side of Maryland Avenue at' 
 ■the intersection of King George, was designed by Mr. Biickland, 
 architect, for Mr. Wm- Hammond, a famous Annapolis lawyer, -of -ye'
 
 History OF Annapolis. 307 
 
 ■olilen times. It was built between the years 1770 and 1780. It was 
 first occupied by Jeremiah Townley Chase, Chief .Justice of Maryland 
 in 1781, and was unfinished when he went into it. The house is 
 -of brick with stone foundation, some of the foundation walls being 
 five feet thick. The house is handsomely decorated with carved 
 wood. The parlor, a room nineteen by twenty-seven, has a carved 
 wainscot surrounding the room, and the mantel-piece, window, and 
 door frames, shutters and doors are carved in arabesque, and is said 
 to be the handsomest specimen of its kind in Maryland. In 1811. the 
 house was purchased, together with the ground extending from King 
 George street to Prince George street, by Chief Justice Chase for his 
 oldest daughter, Frances Townley, wife of Richard Loockerraan. The 
 garden was designed liy ]\[rs. F. T. Loockerman, and was laid off under 
 her diiection, and the box walk was planted by herself. The outside 
 corridor of the south wing was added by the family and many interior 
 imjirovements have been made. The house is now occupied by Wm. 
 Harwood and family, Mrs. Harvvood being a grand-daughter of Judge 
 Jeremiah T. Chase. Mr. Hammond, for whom the house was built, it is 
 sail], was engaged to be married to a lady, and he went to Philadel- 
 phia to get his furniture, l)ut the engagement was lu'oken off. and he 
 lived a bachelor. 
 
 The Ogle House. 
 
 The house, on the corner of King George street and College Avenue, 
 now owned by Mrs. Judi^^e John Thompson Mason, formerly tlie resi- 
 •deuee of Gov. Thomas G. Pratt, was built by Gov. Samuel Ogle, wlio 
 was Governor at three different periods — first in 1733 and the third 
 time in 174G and '47. 
 
 The Paca Dwelling. 
 
 The house, on the northeast side of Prince George street, near 
 East St., now owned by Mrs. Richard Swann, was built by Gov. Paca, 
 who was Governor in 1782. Arther Schaaf purchased the house from 
 the Governor. Louis Xeth became owner after Mr. Schaaf. About 
 1847, Chancellor Tlieodoric Bland lived there, but was not the 
 owner of it. This garden, perhaps, more than any other spot, indi- 
 cated the delightful life of Annapolis a century ayo. The spring 
 house, the expanse of trees and shrubbery, tlie octagonal two-story 
 summer house, that represented "My lady's bower," the artificial 
 brook, fed by two springs of water, that went rippling along to the 
 bath house that refreshed in the sultry days, and gave delight to the 
 occupants, form a picture tradition loves to dwell upon to this day. 
 
 The Iglehart House. 
 
 The dwelling, now occupied by Mrs. "William T. Iglehart, was 
 owned by Thomas Jennings, barrister, who also lived there. He it 
 was who built the house on East st., now owned by ex-Mayor Thomas 
 E. Martin, for his daugliter Mrs. James Brice. Apropos of this 
 .daughter, she was noted for entertaining her guests with a famous 
 kind of cake, called Naples biscuit, tlie recipe for which has come 
 down to this generation. Mr. William T. Iglehart purchased the 
 Jennings' house, from John T. Barber's estate about 1870, removed 
 a wing of the house, and improved its appearance, but did not alter 
 .the architecture of the main building.
 
 308 *'The Ancient City.'' 
 
 Aunt Lucy Smith's House. 
 
 The old house on the northeast side of Prince George street, adjoin" 
 ing the Protestant Episcopal Chapel, is an interrogation to every' 
 passer by. Its exact date is lost in the misty clouds of age. but its- 
 appearance and ancient arcliitectnre mark it as one of the oldest> 
 houses in venerable Annapolis. Part of its history has been preserved. 
 Many years ago there lived in it an ancient colored dame, known as 
 Aunt Lucy Smith. She was a fa.nous cook who served to good ac- 
 count on State occasions the grand dames of the former regime. At 
 other times she supplied from her house or from her basket on the 
 street, the choice morsels that her art divined in the kitchen. .Tohn 
 Smith, her husband, kept a livery stable in the rear of the hou^^e, a 
 business John's lineal descendents continue to this day in Baltimore. 
 
 The Pinkvey House. 
 
 The Pinkney House, on College Avenue and Bladen street, was liuilti* 
 by John Callahan, register of the Land office. It is one of the oldest 
 houses of our city. It is now owned by Mrs. Mary Pinkney, a rela* 
 tive of the celebrated William Pinkney. 
 
 Other Ancient Houses. 
 
 The property now owned by Charles S. Welch, Esq., on Hanover' 
 street, was built in 1763, and was at one time the residence of 
 Anthony Stewart, the owner of the famous brig Peggy Stewart. 
 
 The main residence of Mrs. Alex. Randall, situated in the five-?ide(J 
 lot, opposite the State House, is one the most ancient builings of tlie 
 city. It is known positively to have been hi existence in 175:?. and 
 A^ery probably in 1737. In this house Revenly Johnson was born. 
 
 The house on the north-west of Market Space and Randall street;- 
 is an ancient building erected by John Randall, grandfather of J. Wirt 
 Randall . 
 
 The house occupied by Ex-Mayor Thos. E. Martin, on East street, 
 near Prince George's is also one of the landmarks af our early history.- 
 It was erected by Mr. Edmund Jennings for his son-in-law, one of the- 
 Brices. 
 
 The house, ocsupied by Mrs. Eliza Bonsall, No. 55 Duke of Glou- 
 cester street, is one of the oldest in the city. In this house Jehu 
 Chandler, the founder of the Maryland Republican, lived and died. 
 
 The three houses at the lower end of Duke of Gloucester street, now 
 owned by John R. Magruder, Lieut. Albert Ross, and Philip R. Voor- 
 hees and' sister, were built by John Ridout, great grandfather of Dr. 
 William G. Ridout. He also built the residence of Dr. William G. 
 Ridout. The first three were built respectively for Mr. Ridout's chil- 
 dren: Horace and Samuel Ridout and Mrs. Gibson. This John Ridout 
 was the first of the Ridouts in the country. 
 
 Mrs. Nicholas Carroll was Miss Ann Jennings, daughter of Mr. 
 Thos. Jennings, the great lawyer. They lived in the house now used 
 as the Annapolis Public School Building. This house was altered 
 during the ownership of Frank H. Stockett and also since it has been 
 a public school building. 
 
 "The Liberty Tree." 
 
 The earliest tradition, handed down to us of the imperial poplar 
 that adorns the College Campus, is that it served as the canopy under
 
 HlSTORTOP AXXAPOLIS. 309 
 
 ^vhich the colonists and Indians made a treaty of peace. As history 
 records only one document of this kind signed here — this treaty must 
 have been the one agreed between the colonists and the sturdy Susque- 
 hannocks in 1652. 
 
 The next public use of it we find in Eddis' Letters was when the in- 
 habitants assembled under it to determine whether, or not, persons 
 who had not joined the association of patriots should be driven out of 
 ■the colony. 
 
 In 1S35, Gen. LaFayette was entertained under it, and after that 
 •there are frequent mentions in the Maryland Gazette of Fourth of 
 July celebrations taking place under its ample shade. 
 
 About 1840, several youths were playing under this tree with that 
 very dangerous, but frequent adjunct of juvenile sports — gunpowder. 
 "They had about two pounds of it. They placed it in the hollow of the 
 -tree where it was ignited and exploded, setting fire to the grand old 
 ^tree. The citizens of Annapolis repaired in force for its rescue, the 
 firemen bringing out the city engine and deluging the tree with water. 
 The boys' escapade was, no doubt, greatly denounced; but the juveniles 
 had done better than their denunciators thought or the juveniles in- 
 tended. The tree had fallen into a state of decay that threatened 
 its life. The next year it put forth its branches with its youth re- 
 newed. The explosion had destroyed the worms that were gnawing 
 .away its vitals ! 
 
 How long this monarcli of a primeval forest has existed, none can 
 •tell. An octogenarian tells me he remembers it in 1813 — and it seemed 
 iis large then as now. If, in 1052, it was of such imposing growth 
 •that it was selected as the scene of so important an event as the 
 making of a treaty of peace by the Puritans with their savage foes, 
 may we not infer it lived before Columbus saw America ? On the 
 ■30th of July, 1886, it was, two feet from the ground, twenty-nine 
 feet, four inches in circumference, and stood about 150 feet high. 
 •One third of the trunk is gone, and is now boarded up. The body of 
 •the tree is a mere shell— a marval how its life can be maintained and 
 •thousands of tulips bloom on its branches in their season. 
 
 Its identity with Eddis' Liberty Tree is preserved to us alone by 
 tradition, but its use and size corroborate the truth of oral testimony. 
 
 A Notable Boavl. 
 
 First Uses at a Collation Given by Lloyd Dulany. 
 
 The famous bowl that for a century graced the counter of the Old 
 tCity Hotel in this city on festive occasions, such as the Fourth of 
 .July, New Year's, and Christmas, around which at the social board 
 have gathered the sages and heroes of the Revolution and the great 
 lights of our day, still exists. It has been in the possession of its 
 present owner, Edward Walton, about ten years, and is sacredly 
 guarded as a link in that great chain that connects the present with 
 •the heroic past. The bowl, which is 16 inches in diameter, 4 inches 
 .deep, and 7 inches wide at the bottom, has an interesting history. It 
 •is stated that it was first used at a collation given by Lloyd Dulany, 
 ;at his private residence, now the City Hotel, a few evenings after 
 ithe burning of the brig Peggy Stewart, and that among his guests was
 
 310 "The Ancient City.'' 
 
 Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. Mr. Dulany explained to hiscompaujr 
 how he became possessor of this, then much admired, bowl. He said 
 it had been sent to him by a friend in England and had arrived in the 
 Peggy Stewart. He also stated at the time that the captain had 
 assured him that in no way was it a part of her cargo, that it was- 
 not on her manifest ; that he had it placed in his cabin along with his 
 private property, and that, after he had fired his brig, he recollected 
 that he had promised to deliver the bowl in person. To this state- 
 ment Mr. Carroll is represented as having smillingly replied: "We 
 accept your explanation, provided the bowl is used to draw always 
 this same kind of tea." 
 
 Many thousands of Marylanders and numerous statesmen of 
 America have drank out of it. 
 
 CHAPTER LXI. 
 
 Elections in Annapolis Duking the Civil War. 
 
 The right of elective franchise was capricious in Annapolis during 
 the war, and depended entirely upon the orders issued by the general 
 of the military department of Maryland. These new qualificalicms for 
 voters were formulated in test oaths whose chief objuration was tliat the 
 elector had no sympathy for the South or secession. When these failed 
 to prevent the obnoxious electorfrom voting, questions, yet more effec- 
 tual in searching the conscience of the voter, were put until the desired 
 disenfranchisement was accomplished. (Jne spectacle was amusing, if it 
 had not been disreputable. Somebody inspired the soldiers at the Naval 
 Academy with the idea that they had a right to vote and, on being 
 placed on their voir dire, two hundred enlisted soldiers of the Federal 
 government, non-residents of the State, swore that they had come into- 
 the State of Maryland thirteen months previous with the intention of 
 ruaking this their residence 1 On this the judges of election, in the 
 city of Annapolis, received their votes. 
 
 [1863.] The election in November, developed an anomalous state 
 of things. The Constitution and Laws of Maryland prescribed cer- 
 tain qualifications for voters ; the General Commanding the Depart- 
 ment of Maryland by his pronunciamento demanded another test for 
 the right of franchise— an oath unknown to the laws of the State. A 
 number of citizens of Annapolis refused to qualify under this new 
 regulation. The Gaztte tersely says : 
 
 "Luring the past week® our city has been thrown into considerable 
 excitement in consequence of the arrest of a number of persons, citi- 
 zens of this city. Captain Keffer, Provost Marshal of this district,- 
 who obeys orders to the letter, addressed the following letter to Col. 
 Waite after the election : 
 
 " 'Col. C. A. Waite, 1st Infantry, U. S. A., 
 
 Commanding at Annapolis : 
 
 " 'Colonel: — I have the honor to submit to you the following names 
 of persons, who, upon their votes being challenged on the ground of 
 
 * Isbue of November 26, 1863.
 
 fiisTORY OF Annapolis. 311 
 
 Disloyalty, on the day of the election at Annapolis, refused to take 
 the oath of allegiance, and consequently left the polls, being denied 
 the right of voting : 
 
 " 'Geo. M. Duvall, Jos. H. Nicholson, Oliver Miller, D. Claude 
 Handy, Robt. W. Tate, James E. Tate, Wm. Tell Claude, candidate 
 on the Secessiont Ticket for the House of Delegates, Thomas G. 
 Pratt, Thomas Franklin, James Revell, candidate on the Secession 
 Ticket for State's Attorney ; Martin Revell, Nicholas H. Green, can- 
 didate on the Secession Ticket for Clerk of the Circuit Court ; and 
 Edward Boyle. 
 
 " 'Many of these men are members of the Bar, and express their de- 
 termination on Monday, next, or as soon as possible thereafter, to have 
 the Judges of Election indicted before the Grand Jury of Anne Arun- 
 del county, for refusing to receive their votes in accordance with the 
 election laws of the State Maryland. 
 
 " 'I would most respectfully ask what course I shall pursue in the 
 event of the Judges of the Election being arrested. 
 
 I am Colonel, with great respect, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 FRANCIS I. KEFFER. 
 Capt. 71st, P. v., Provost Marshal." 
 
 A copy of Col. Waite's answer is not extant ; but the text may be in- 
 ferred by the sequence. All of the gentlemen, who refused to take the 
 oath, were arrested and required to report to Baltimore to Major- 
 Gen. Schenck, where, after some days' delay, they were all paroled. 
 save Gov. Pratt and Col. Nicholson, to give no aid and no comfort to 
 the Southern Confederacy. They were then allowed to return home. 
 Their paroles continue to this day. Gov. Pratt and Col. Nicholson 
 got as far south as Fortress Munroe, when the latter took the oath re- 
 quired of him, and returned home. Gov. Pratt refused to take any 
 oath whatever, and was finally released by the Government. 
 
 CHAPTER LXII. 
 
 Chronicles of Annapolis feom 1863 to 1887. 
 
 [1863.] Dr. Dennis Claude died December 9th, at an advanced 
 age. He had filled many honorable positions, amongst them State 
 Treasurer and Comptroller. 
 
 Roger Bellis, of Annapolis, lost a leg at Gettysburg and was after- 
 ward made a Second Lieutenant in the luA-alid Corps. 
 
 December 23, a fire broke out at the house of Smith Price. The 
 military effectively aided the citizens in extinguishing the fire. The 
 Gazette called on the Legislature to aid the city to secure a fire en- 
 
 ?Tl>emocratic,
 
 312 ''The Ancient City. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ine. Twenty years later under the administration of Dr. Abram 
 llaiide, 3Iayor, this engine was obtained by the city — the ladies hav- 
 ing contributed by a fair $600 to the engine. 
 
 Under the Constitution adopted in 1864, a prominent citizen of An- 
 napolis, Hon. Alex. Randall, was elected Attorney General. He was 
 a son of John Randall, who, for many years, had been collector of the 
 port, and who occupied a prominent position in the city. Alexander 
 Randall early showed his ability, taking at graduation at St. John's 
 College, the first honor of his class. H-^ was in early life sent to repre- 
 sent his district in Congress. He died in 1881. After his decease his 
 family beautifully completed the interior of St. Anne's Mission Chapel 
 as a memorial. 
 
 The Gazette failed this year to obtain the State printing contract. 
 This loss of party printing, conceded in part to the home paper, was 
 borne with an equanimity of mind that betokened a lofty spirit. He 
 says January 14 : 
 
 "Our Paper. — Our readers will excuse the want of the usual va- 
 riety in today's issue. The length of tlie advertisement in relation to 
 the mail contracts excludes much Legislative and other news we 
 would be glad to publish if we had time to prepare it. But being 
 obliged to be mostly our own typo-setter and i)ressman (as well as 
 editor) we must ask indulgence "for a week or two. We think it per- 
 tinent to remai-k here that the fears or hopes of those persons who 
 think the Gazette will be suspended in consequence of not obtaining any 
 of the Legislative work are groundless. Our first object, when consent- 
 ing to take the proprietorship of the Gazette was that the Union party 
 in this city, and in the congressional district should have a paper de- 
 voted to the holy cause of preserving this great and free nation from the 
 terriljle results that would follow upon its dissolution. Our mind has 
 undergone no change and the Gazette will continue to be published, 
 if we are blessed with health, at least, so long as this unnatural war 
 last, even should circumstances comj)el us to bog or borrow a couple 
 of blankets and made our ijed with tlie types and our daily food be 
 bread and potatoes." H^ 
 
 [1864.] Jan. 21, Prof. Wm. H.Thompson, A. M., professor of the 
 PreparatoryDepartmentof St. John's College advertised that "studies, 
 as prescribed by the prospectus of the college will be resumed at the 
 City Hall, (now Worthiugton tt Co's., Drug Store,) on the first day 
 of February, and continue there until the Government may deem it 
 proper to vacate the College. * * * No student admitted who has 
 not been vaccinated. By order of the Board of Visitors and Gov- 
 ernors." 
 
 The small-pox had prevailed at Annapolis for some time past but 
 was now abating. 
 
 The Gazette gives January 28, this tid-bit of local "war news :" — 
 "Sent South. — Mrs. Davidson, who was some time since captured 
 while crossing the Potomac from Virginia to Maryland, and who has 
 since been confined in the Old Capitol at Washington, was on Friday 
 last sent to the commanding officer at Fortress Munroe to be returned 
 South. Mrs. S. is the wife of Lieut. ILinter Davidson, formerly of 
 the U. S. Navy, but who deserted the Old Flag and joined the Traitors 
 soon after the rebelllion shew its strenerth."
 
 History OP Annapolis. 313 
 
 During the early part of February three Russian vessels arrived at 
 .Annapolis. During their stay a Russian sailor Demidorf was killed 
 by an Annapolitan. Demidorf was buried in the National Cemetery 
 near Annapolis. 
 
 Sunday, Feljruary 14th, abo\it haK-past four in the pfternoon 
 a destructive fire visited Annapolis. A large three-stor^' build- 
 ing, foot of Main street, called Noah's Ark caught on fire. A 
 violent wind was blowing. The inside was completely ruined; two 
 frame houses adjoining, belonging to Mr. John Slemaker were 
 wrecked, and considerable damage done to the store and brick-dwell- 
 ing of Mr. Nicholas Killman. In removing the goods and chattels of 
 the Killman residence, three flags of the Southern Confederacy were 
 brought to light. This highly incensed the soldiers who were untir- 
 ingly working to put out the fire. Noah's Ark was reduced one- 
 story, and the walls rebuilt upon. 
 
 A company of negro soldiers, on their way to Baltimore, were 
 obliged to put into Annapolis on account of the ice during the latter 
 part of February. They encamped at St. John's College. They 
 paraded the strreets of Annapolis, and it aroused the military spirit 
 amongst the colored people, who flocked to the camp and enlisted. 
 •One hundred and twenty went from Annapolis, about twenty of whom 
 were rejected as disqualified. The Gazette, says it learned that be- 
 tween two and three hundred slaves had left their masters with the 
 determination to enlist. The Gazette approved their conduct. 
 
 During the last week in March, Col. Carros A. Waite of the U. S. 
 Infantry, was relieved of the military command of Annapolis, and 
 Col. A. R. Root appointed in his stead. Capt. Keffer, Provost Mar- 
 shal, was also relieved, and Capt. Thomas Watkins, of Company B., 
 of the Purnell Legion, was put in his place. Capt. Watkins' com- 
 pany performed the duties of Provost Guard. 
 
 The local election in Annapolis in April, developed a new jiarty cry. 
 The tickets were Union and Anti-Huckster. The Union ticket re- 
 ceived a support of 168, and the Anti-Huckster 97. The excitement 
 was small, the vote light. Solomon Philips was elected Mayor. 
 
 The JIayland Rei^tyblican passed a high eulogy, at the retirement 
 •of Hon. Geo. Wells from the Pre.sidency of the Annapolis and Elk 
 Ridge Railroad, on his management of it, which had elevated the 
 Road from a very low estate to one of great prosperity and useful- 
 ness. In 1863 the State received from the road $14,286.73, being 
 nearly 5 per cent, on the State's investment in the road. Joshua 
 Brown, Esq., succeeded Mr. Wells. 
 
 April 12, Gen. Grant and several of his staff were in Annapolis. 
 
 Anne Arundel by an overwhelming vote elected Eli .1. Henkle, 
 Oliver Miller, Sprigg Harwood, and A. S. Bond, democrats, as dele- 
 gates to the State Convention which had been called by the people. 
 The Convention met April 27. Its chief acts were the proposed 
 emancipation of slaves without pay and the enactment of qualifi- 
 cations for voters ])y which a large part of the white male citizens of 
 the State were disfranchised. The constitution, with the aid of the 
 Maryland soldiers' votes in their camps ■ in the field, was adopted by 
 400 votes. 
 
 Col. Thomas J. Wilson, late editor of the Gazette, was sent to 
 Annapolis in May, as Paymaster U. S. Army.
 
 314 ''The Ancient City.'' 
 
 In June subscription books were "to be seen" for the Annapolis 
 waterworks. 
 
 The barbers determined this month and thereafter to work no more 
 on Sunday. 
 
 In July, 1864, General Early of the Confederate Army, made 
 an invasion of Maryland. The alarm extended to Annapolis, and the 
 military authorities began to fortify the city. The long line of re- 
 doubts, extending parallel with the Annapolis and Bay Ridge Railroad 
 from the Annapolis, Washington anl Baltimore railroad to the 
 public road, was thrown up to meet the expected advance of the Con- 
 federates. To build the works citizens were impressed by the j^ro- 
 vost-guard and marched in double files daily to the earth works. 
 This duty was obnoxious to many who were strongly southern in 
 their sentiments, and who did not relish the idea, of fighting against 
 people whom they thought were in the right. Nor was the impress- 
 ment of Southern sympathizers altogether approved of by the Union 
 side, one of them saying afterward if the fight had come off, he "would 
 have had to keep one eye on the Southern sympathizers in his ranks 
 and one eye on the Confederates." On this occasion the only bitter- 
 ness of spirit of the war, outside of newspaper utterances and poli- 
 tical eommunicatious, was exhibited. Some citizens were found so 
 despicable as to buckle on a sword, and, at the head of squads of 
 military, to search out southern sympathizers hidden in their homes 
 in the town, to drag them out to the earthworks. Some of these ran- 
 corous spirits were among the first to turn (democrats ?) when that 
 pttrty came into power in 1807. 
 
 During the three days of alarm a few of the fugitives were able to 
 hide, one finding refuge in the belfry of the First Charge 3Iethodist 
 Episcopal Church, where he safely remained until the impressment 
 was over. 
 
 The various drafts for conscripts were sources of deep trouble to 
 the city. Mr. Frank H. Stockett was the draft ofl^icer and Dr. Wil- 
 ham Brewer the medical examiner. Men, conscripted to fight in a cause 
 they disapproved of, made miserable men and women. It was sur- 
 prising to find how many people developed hidden ailments. Unsus- 
 pected sources of pain and impediment were suddenly created by the 
 drawing of the unlucky number. One man developed a lameness that 
 entirely disappeared on the cessation of hostilities. Those citizens 
 who had money, liberally subscribed for the unfortunates to purchase 
 substitutes. 
 
 A border city, Annapolis sent representatives to both armies. These 
 met in deadly array against each other at Front Royal and Winches- 
 ter, Vn-gima, and at Gettysburg, Pa.,— the Annapolis Confederates 
 bemg m the celebrated charge up Gulp's Hill. 
 
 In the latter part of July Annapolis was highly excited over an 
 alleged haunted house. Violent knocks and noises drove a family 
 tliat had rented the house from the premises and coal, bricks, and clubs 
 flew through the air to the great fear of the superbtitious. The ar- 
 rest of one colored man ended the ghost theory manii'estations. The 
 impression prevailed that the negro who had heretofore occupied the 
 House, tree of rent, had ingeniously, with the assistance of friends, 
 labored to create the impression that the house was haunted that he 
 might return to his old lodgings without charge for rent in arrears.
 
 History OF Annapolis. 315 
 
 Annapolis was on the alert, through a committee, to see that it 
 was not called upon to furnish more than its quota in the proposed 
 drafts of the government for soldiers. 
 
 On the 18th of August, Henry Frazier, Jr., of Co. B. Punell 
 Legion, was killed in a fight on the Weldon Railroad. Capt. T. H, 
 Watkius was wounded in the head at the same time. 
 
 [1865.] The war behig over, those who went from Annapolis, and 
 who survived, returned to their former homes. The Confederates and 
 Federal veterans fraternized like brave men and some of the firmest 
 friendships in the city have been cemented between those who wear 
 the palms of victory and those who maintained the "Lost Cause." 
 
 Such was the friendly feeling existing Ijetween the heroes of the two 
 armies and such the lofty impulses of a genuine patriotism that, on 
 31ay 30, 1883, Meade Post of the Grand Army of the Republic, invited 
 S. Thos. McCullough, a lieutenant of the Confederate Army, to de- 
 liver an oration at a joint decoration of the graves of the Federal and 
 Confederate soldiers at Annapolis. The invitation was accepted in 
 the same generous spirit in which it was tendered, and Federal and 
 Confederate marched together to the silent city of the dead and laid 
 their immortelles on the graves of those who had died for their convic- 
 tions on both sides of the great conflict. 
 
 A new picture presented itself at Annapolis. By September 21st, 
 Annapolis and its surroundings had ceased to be a military department 
 and dropped down to the humble pedestal of Post. The military had 
 dwindled to four companies, one at Annapolis and three at Camp 
 Parole. "The Naval Academy," said the Gazette, "is rapidly assuming 
 its former beauty, and the midshipmen in our streels have a look of the 
 olden time. 
 
 "Perhaps, never within the remembrance of the oldest inhabitants, 
 has Annapolis exhbited so much of the spirit of improvement. Some 
 forty houses are being erected and several undergoing useful and hand- 
 some improvement. The dealers in building material are as busy as 
 bees. * * * * Many applications are made for dwellings, but 
 there are none vacant to supply the demand." 
 
 Annapolis caught the base ball fever prevalent in the country and 
 inaugurated the Annapolis Base Ball club with Edward C. Gantt, as 
 President ; Dr. D. C. Handy, Vice-President : Secretary, P. S. 
 Schwrar; Treasurer, John H. Thomas; Directors— John C. Regan, John 
 T. Wright, John S. Maley. 
 
 The Naval Academy resumed operations at Annapolis Monday 
 October 1, under the Superin tendency of Rear Admirel D. D. Porter. 
 
 The election in Anne Arundel this year resulted in the selection of 
 the democratic ticket. The vote on sheriff shew the strength of the 
 two parties. RignalD. Woodward, Union, received 484, votes ; Wm. 
 Bryan, democrat, 654. 
 
 At a special election December 28, George Wells was elected Senator 
 from Anne Arundel county by the following vote: Wells, Union, 436, 
 James Deale, of James, D., 391. 
 
 In January the town clock was placed in St. Anne's and was con- 
 sidered an acquisition to the city. 
 
 January 22, Henry Barnard, L. L. D., was installed as President of 
 St. John's in the hall of the House of Delegates. 
 
 The Wesley Chapel congregation purchased in Feburary the lot ou 
 East street, extending to Cornhill, of Geo. M. Taylor, for §5000,
 
 •516 "The Ancient City.'' 
 
 lor a parsonage. This is Gallilean Hall now owned by the colored 
 people. 
 
 The Enterprise Building Association was organized in March 1st, 
 •the first Building Association in Annapolis. W. 0. Bigelow was Presi- 
 dent. From this company grew the Horn Pdnt settlement. _ The 
 company erected the Bridge over the Spa and to it is due the incep- 
 ;tion of this creditable annex to Annapolis. 
 
 In the winter of this year Annapolis was the scene of numerous 
 petty burglaries and arsons. Among the attempts to do damage to prop- 
 erty was one to blow up the Steamer Ferry Boat, Cajjt. Stephen 
 €hase, on Febuary 7, l)y firing up the steamer after it had concluded 
 her trips for the day. 
 
 On the 12th. of January, George Colton was elected President of 
 the Maryland Hotel Company with R. Swann, W. H. Tuck, Robt. 
 Fowler, and I. M. Denson as directors. 
 
 On the IGth of January the following were elected officers of the 
 First National Bank of Annapolis. President — Wm. H. Tuck ; Direc- 
 tors — Robt. Fowler, James Andrews, J. \\'esley White, and Johns 
 Hopkins. 
 
 [1869.] On Thursday March 25, Hon. A. E. Borie, Secretary of 
 -the Navy, Vice Admiral" D. D. Porter, and a number of ladies from 
 "Washington, arrived at Annapolis in a special train to visit the Naval 
 Academy. They were met at the depot in carriages and driven to 
 the Academy. The Secretary was received with the usual lienors. 
 The officers, midshipmen, and marines were drawn up in full dress, 
 and were reviewed by the Secretary and Admiral Porter. The party 
 was much pleased with its visit, and returned to Wjishington at a 
 Jate hour in the evening. The Secretary was greatly gratified at the 
 •situation and the discipline of the Academy. 
 
 At the munici])al election on Monday Aj^ril o, the vote was : 
 For Mayor. 
 W. 0. Bigelow, Rep. 109. Augustus Gass^xway, D. 335. 
 
 For Recorder. 
 Nicholas Brewer, R. 116. S. T. McCullough, D. 326. 
 
 For Aldermen. 
 J. Guest King, R. 123. John H. Thomas, D. 317. 
 
 Grafton Mvmroe, R. 114. John Hammond, D. 333. 
 
 Thos. K. Jones, R. 111. John T. Hvde, D. 325. 
 
 C. A. Sullivan, R. 104. Dr. Geo. Wells, D. 339. 
 
 M. R. easier, R. 108. W. B. Gardner, D. 333. 
 
 The Gazette, repuljlican, explained the one-sidedness of the elec- 
 
 s-tion thus : 
 
 "The Republicans fought this fight squarely upon the loth Amend- 
 ment to the Constitution. It was talked of before the election to 
 bring out a citizens' ticket, but some of the Republicans feeing op- 
 posed to any compromise with the democrats, a straight-out Repub- 
 lican ticket was nominated, and the above was the result. It will be 
 
 ■seen that the ticket did well, as a large number, who always voted our 
 ticket, having no hope of success, did not go to the polls. This is the 
 
 -first election in this city, since the adoption of the amendment. We
 
 History of Annapolis. 317' 
 
 say to the Tiepublicans of this city, to continue in the good work, and 
 'fight it out on that line, if it takes a life time,' and we will surely 
 triumph." 
 
 [1870.] St. John's College, in this year, reached its acme of prosperity 
 under the presidency of James C. Welling. On Wednesday, January 
 19, Dr. Welling made this report to the Legislature : 
 
 "He said that the whole number of students during the scholastic 
 year ending on the 28th of July last, was 225, the average attendance' 
 being aljout 200, the present number being 181. The whole number 
 of students nominated by tlie School Commissioners of the several 
 counties for admission into the college or its preparatory department 
 without any charge for tuition or text books, is 170. The average 
 attendance on this Imsis during the last and the present year has ex- 
 ceeded 100. The college has offered during this period to receive the 
 full quota of 150, and has made preparations to do so, but it sometimes 
 happens that the pujiils selected by the county boards to enjoy these 
 free scholarships fail to enter the college with punctuality. The col-- 
 lege has, in fact, been prepared to receive 160 additional pupils, 
 without charge for tuition or text books, being ten in excess of the 
 number requiied by the existing statutes, which enjoin upon insti- 
 tutions receiving State aid to provide gratuitious instruction at the 
 rate of one student for every $100 of the State donation. Every 
 county in the State has been represented on this basis. The accomo- 
 dations of the college have l)een strained to their utmost capacity by 
 the number of students seeking admission. Should the number be 
 materially increased, it would be necessaiy to procure additional 
 accommodations in the city of Annapolis, until anewcollege edifice 
 could be erected. The want of such a building is already sensibly 
 felt. It may not be generally known that the present real estate of 
 the college (representing a money valueof at least S250.000. ) is purely 
 the result of j)rivate munificence. The public bounty of the State' 
 now generously co-operates with this private munificence by granting 
 to the college, for a limited term, an annual donation of 815,000, 
 being in fact a sum equal to the annual interest on the investment? 
 made by private munificence for the founding of the college at the 
 Capital of Jlaryland. If the endowment of the college were only 
 placed on a permanenf. basis, its present prosperity would be but a 
 pledge of its higher usefulness in the future. 
 
 "The whole number of teachers now comprised in the Faculty is 
 thirteen, but the main l>urden of instruction is borne by nine pro- 
 fessors and tutors, who alone receive a salary for their services. In 
 the college classes now comprising sixty-one students, instruction is- 
 given in the branches of learning taught in American colleges, and 
 the standard of attainment has been raised to the highest point at 
 which it is fixed by any similar institution in the country. The at- 
 tention of the General Assembly is particularly invited to the course 
 of study pui-sued in the several classes of the college, as it is believed 
 to be unusually broad and practical, as well as thorough in the 
 methods emidoyed to secure proficiency in scholarship. No degree of 
 any kind is conferred except on the evidence of adequate attainments^ 
 
 ■'The Preparatory Department of the College corresponds, in the 
 grade and quality of its studies, to a High School. During the last 
 few years this department has engrossed the larger share of the 
 Faculty's attention, but as it is the wish and purpose of the Board of
 
 ai8 ''The Ancient City." 
 
 Visitors and Governors to bnild up a College in the fullest sense of the 
 term, and one that shall be worthy the State, it is obvious that the 
 proportions of the Preparatory Department must hereafter be re- 
 duced, that the College proper may be developed on the liberal and 
 comprehensive plan designed by its founders. It should be the para- 
 mount aim of the College to impart that higher education which can- 
 not l)e imparted by the State, and to do this on terms which shall not 
 make that higher edueatiou the exclusive property of the rich. And 
 it is in this view that the College las jilaced itself in sympathy with 
 the cause of public education in Maryland. 
 
 "We should not, perhaps, omit to mention that military tactics are 
 taught to all students who desire instruction under this head, and 
 that three military companies have been formed in connection with 
 the College." 
 
 Dr. Welling ends by saying: 
 
 "With the expression of srraditude due as well to the Legislature 
 us to the people of Maryland for the generous patronage awarded to 
 the College (and the fruits of which are seen in its present unwonted 
 prosperity), I oeg leave, on belialf of the Board of A'i-itors and 
 Governors and in the name of the Faculty, most cordially to invite 
 the members of the General Assembly to visit the College, and to in- 
 spect the method used for the maintenance of order and the pro- 
 motion of diligence in regularity and study." The report was re- 
 ferred to the Committee on Education. 
 
 The political corruptions following the Civil War reflected upon the 
 Naval Academy. The shamelessness of the fiannting evils is evinced 
 jn this advertisement that appeared in a Xew York daily : 
 
 "United States Naval Academy. — A cadet vacancy to be filled 
 before June. Parties of means address Congressman. Address, Box 
 No. — office." 
 
 The Gazeffe reproduced the advertismeiit in its news columns. 
 March 10, Robert P. Bonsall, in the G-ird year of his age died. He 
 was for many years printer to tlie Court of Appeals, and was a man 
 of high principle. 
 
 The Legislature of this year passed the Act to authorize the Mutual 
 Building Association of Annapolis to build a bridge over Spa creek 
 to connect at Annapolis and Horn Point. 
 
 The Court House of Annapolis has been made the scene of many 
 important trials by the removal of cases from other jurisdictions. 
 Amongst them the Wharton trial in 1872, the Hoffman trial for the 
 Harnden Express robbery in 1870. Nicholson and Holiahan for 
 murder in 1873, and Hance, for murder in 188o. 
 
 During the trial of Nicholson and Holiahan, whilst State's Attor- 
 ney Revell was addressing the jury for the State, HoUohan made an 
 attack upon Assistant Marshal Prey. The marslial was sitting with- 
 in the rail with his back to the prisoner's dock, and his liald crown 
 within reach of Hollohan, who rose up suddenly and dealt him a 
 terrible blow upon the head with an improvised slung-shot made of 
 a stocking and a piece of coal, nails, and an iron staple" The marshal 
 was severely wounded, Nicholson jumped up on the rail as if to dash 
 out of the Court House, whilst Hollohan was seized in the throat Ijy 
 J. Randolph Walton and Detective Shaffer, a friend of Marslial Prey, 
 clubbed his revolver and beat Hollohan over the head. People fled from 
 the Court House in the excitement, and a general uproar ensued.
 
 History OF AjfSfAPOLis. 319 
 
 -Judge Ilayden, the only one that seemetl to tintterstantl that Hollo- 
 'han's life was being choked )ut of him, in stentorian tones cried out, 
 -"Let that man go !" Mr. Walton, who had some traces left of the 
 :Samsonian strength of his youth, took his hand from the throat 
 . of the well-nigh dead brute, who defiantly demanded that they kill 
 him. The prisoners were then ironed, and the trial proceeded. When 
 I be was sentenced, Chief Judge Miller ordered the irons off the prisoners, 
 ■^saying, that "No man should be sentenced in this Court in chains." 
 
 [1883.] On the morning of Monday, October 18, 1883, a disastrous 
 
 fire occurred in Annapolis. It began from some unknown cause, 
 
 about 2 A. M., in a store on Market Space, occupied by Mr. Lewis S. 
 
 Clayton, and destroyed three large brick houses on Market Space, 
 
 ilnjured another, and partially or wholly destroyed five or six others on 
 
 31ain street. Over 3[r. Clayton's store was the res-idence of Mr. 
 
 -James Legg. When the fire was discovered, Mr, hegg's family hur- 
 
 -ried to the street. His son, Mr. Charles Legg, when the fire was 
 
 ■threatening to overwhelm him, sought the room of his aged aunt. 
 
 Miss Eleanor Watkins, to save her from the flames. Their charred 
 
 .bones, the next day, mutely toM the heroic and futile sacrifice. The 
 
 citizens of Annapolis erected a monument to Mr. Legg in the City 
 
 Cemetery. lie was forty-four years old when he died. 
 
 [1886-] After the Revolution the trade of Annapolis rapidly de- 
 clined. The commerce which it had enjoyed, took its flight to Balti- 
 more where all the traffic of the State centered, and fortunes were no 
 longer made in the mercantile trade at Annapolis. What that trade 
 ,once was is illustrated in the history of one of its merchants, Absalom 
 Bjdgely. son of Henry Ridgely. Mr. Ilidgely was bom in 1743, and 
 began his mercantile ventures in the little house on Flat-Iron corner, 
 fit the inter-section of Fleet and Cornhill streets. His capital at 
 marriage was S150. When he died, at the ripe age of 70. he was 
 able to give each of his eight children, eight thousand dollars a piece 
 in cash, besides leaving real property to l:'e divided amongst them, 
 Nor was this the chief heritage, he bequeathed them — he left them that 
 which is greater than riches — a good name. His epitaph so suniS up 
 the whole matter. — "He calmly resigned his soul to Him who gave it, 
 after having faithfully discharged his duties as a man and as a chris- 
 tian." His sons rose up to do him honor. John, David, Richard, 
 Charles and Nicholas. Richard was a merchant of Annapolis ; David 
 was State Librarian and the author of the Annals of Annapolis; and 
 . John was a surgeon in the United States Army, who, after his resig- 
 nation of that position, was a prominent physician in civil life. 
 
 Annapolis, however, retained some traces of its former important 
 business up to the beginning of the war between the States. The plan- 
 ters of Anne Arundel came regularly to tlie city, at the proper seasons, 
 and laid in supplies for their slaves and families. These bills of five 
 and six hundred dollars each, were covered by notes that were 
 promptly met at maturity. With the abolition of slavery, this trade 
 was t aken away from ttie merchants, and the mercantile trade has 
 Jittle outside resources. The Naval Academy, in some measure, sup- 
 plies the benefits ^ a foreign trade. The oyster-packing establish- 
 ments, of which t^ere are about ten, bring consideralile money into 
 the city, which, with the home trade in oysters, redeems the mercantile 
 business from annihilation.
 
 S'iO ''The Ancient City.'' 
 
 Once since the period of the ancient commercial prosperity of Anua-- 
 polis, its mercantile trade received a decisive impulse. The Civil War 
 having made Annapolis a military rendezvous, thousands of soldiers 
 were always quartered in and about the city and the private supplies 
 bought by them gave any merchant who would improve it, opportunity 
 to secure a competence. Some of them took advantage of the oc- 
 casion and markedly bettered their fortunes. 
 
 Monday, December 27, the Anne Arundel Historical Society cele- 
 brated its first anniversary. Gen. Bradley T. Johnson read a paper 
 on "The Battle of the Severn," fought opposite Aimapolis, March 
 25th, 1655. The society requested the paper for publication. Officers 
 of the Society for the ensuing year were elected : — President — Nicho- 
 las Brewer ; Vice-President — Frank B. Mayer ; Secretary — J. Har- 
 wood Iglehart ; Treasurer — J. Schaaf Stockett. Board of Directors — ■ 
 Rev. Robert H. Williams and Daniel R. Randall. 
 
 [1887.] The Amateur Dramatic Association of the Naval Academy 
 gave its first entertainment on Saturday, January 15. Gov. Lloyd 
 and wife were among the guests. The play was entitled : — ^"'The 
 Shakespeare Water Cure." The cast was: — Ophelia, Mrs. Lieut. 
 Bartlett ; Portia, Mrs. Lieut. J. T. Smith : Lady Macbeth, Miss Har- 
 rington ; Juliet, Miss Sampson ; Macbeth, Ensign Knapp : Romeo, 
 Ensign Gibbons ; Othello, Ensign Lloyd ; Hamlet, Lieut. Mitchell : 
 Shylock, Lieut. Mahan. 
 
 Louis H. Rehn, Collector and Treasurer of Annapolis, made his 
 annual report Monday night. February 14, to the Corportion for the 
 year ending December 31, 1886. The rep»rt showed the finances of 
 the city to be in a most healthful condition. The revenue of the city 
 for the year was §26,201.49 ; the disbursements. S23,371.42. Balance 
 in treasury, $1,829.77. Debts due by the city, 814,213.89, lionded 
 debts, 37,750, total debt, 826,801.18. Debts due the city, 817.571.50. 
 Bonds, stock, &c., credited to the sinking fund, 88,562.90. The 
 debts due the city and the credits to the sinking fund will almost pay 
 the floating and bonded debt of the city. The city has personal and 
 real property the value of 857,665.00. The city's business is now car- 
 ried on a cash basis — a bill passed one night by the Board will be paid 
 the next day. 
 
 The local sensation at Annapolis, Wednesday, March 9th, was the 
 running of the first regular trains on the Annapolis and Baltimore 
 Short Line railroad. One train left here at 6.40 A. M., with twenty- 
 five passengers for Baltimore. It reached Baltimore at 8 A. M. It 
 returned here at 9.30, A. M., leaving Baltimore at 8.20, A. M. The 
 train was under the care of Conductor George Bender, with James 
 Hull, engineer, and Christopher Carl, fireman. The second train left 
 here at at noon under the conductorship of E. T. Divens, with John 
 McCardy, engineer, J. T. Newell, Ijrakeman, G. W. Spalding, bag- 
 gage-master and express messenger, P, Dowlin, fireman. It carried 
 thirty-one passengers to Baltimore, There was a number of citizens- 
 out to give the new venture a good send-off. The third train left 
 Annapolis at 4.20, P. M. 
 
 March 12, Jacob V. Dolman, captain of the oyster schooner, Oliver 
 M. Ruark. was brought into Annapolis on th(| charge of killing Wil- 
 liam Stanley, one of his crew, in the Chesjxpeake, off Hackett's Point. 
 Bartley and Stanley, two of the crew, were afraid tlie boat would
 
 History OF Annapolis. 331 
 
 ■lurn over and lowered the sail two or three times as^ainst the captain's 
 order. On the last time, the Captain shot and killed Stanley. 
 
 March 28, the venerable poplar on St. John College Campus was ac- 
 cidently set on fire by someljoys. Another set of youths, after consid- 
 f^rable effort, extinguished the flames. 
 
 Tuesday, April 4, Dr. George Wells, of Annapolis, was elected by 
 a unanimous vote of the County Commissioners, treasurer of Anne 
 Arundel county. 
 
 Lieut. John W. Danenhower, one of the survivors of the Jeannette 
 Expedition to the Polar regions, committed suicide at the Naval 
 Academy, Wednesday, April 20th, by shooting himself in the temple. 
 He was laboring under a melancholy, produced from the grounding 
 of the U". S. Ship Constellation in the Cheasapeake whilst he was in 
 command. 
 
 April 25, Wm. H. F. Wilson, a prominent citizen of Annapolis, 
 ..flied in his 78t!i vear. 
 
 CHAPTER LXni. 
 
 A Disastrous Accident. 
 
 18GG. 
 
 On Monday afternoon, July 9th, 1833, four Fathers and three 
 -atudeuts, Fathers Louis Classea:is, .James Bradley, John Gerdemann, 
 ivnd Tijnothy Enright, and students John Kenny, John B. Range and 
 
 Guhl, left the Redemp.orist College in this city on a sailing 
 
 expedition. 
 
 In a secluded place, about five miles from Annapolis, two or three 
 concluded to take a bath, when student John Kenny, who was con- 
 valescing from a recent illness was taken sick and came near drown- 
 ing, but was rescued by Mr. Guhl. Whilst the latter was rescuing 
 Mr. Kenny, Father Gerdemann, attempting to help them, was seen 
 to disappear. This occurred between five and six in the afternoon. 
 Although called for, and searched for. Father Gerdemann was never 
 seen again alive. 
 
 The rain now began to jioar in incessant showers, and the wind to 
 blow with appalling violence. The faithful party remained until ten 
 o'clock endeavoring to secure the body of the dead priest, but all :n 
 vain. The starm of rain and wind still continued, when the sorrow- 
 ful company set out upon their return home. When they had gotten 
 some distance from the shore, an effort was made to put up the sail. 
 Too many were on one side, and, a sudden flaw striking the sail, the 
 boat was capsized. As the Ijoat went over. Father Enright Jumped 
 off into the water, and getting on the bottoia of the boat was the 
 ^only one who was not caught under the vessel. 
 31
 
 823 "The Ancient City." 
 
 Mr. Kenny was the first to appear, but sank immediately saying : 
 "Jesi;s, Mary, Joseph, assist me !" Mr. Runge next appeared, 
 ejaculating — "'Oh, my God, have mercy on me." 
 
 Father Enright helped Father Classeaus from under the Iwat- 
 and heard his confession. In the meanwhile Father Bradley had 
 come from under the boat and was clinging to the rudder, whilst Mr. 
 Guhl was all this time under the boat living by breathing the air that 
 ■was between the bottom of the boat and the water. 
 
 This state of affairs lasted about fifteen minutes when the boat, up"- 
 tuniing, freed Mr. Guhl from his dangerous situation, but this broke 
 the hold of Father Classeans, and he sank, and rose no more. Whilst 
 the boat was righted the survivors endeavored to take in the sail, but, 
 before it was accomplished, the boat was again overturned. The 
 anchor dropping out of the boat and fastening in the bottom produced 
 a reactionary motion from the force of the waves that kept the boat 
 constantly rolling, and what was worse kept the boat from drifting 
 ashore, as it would have done since the wind blew to the laud. 
 
 The boat was a round bottomed one, and Father Enright and Cfuhl, 
 on opposite sides, clasped hands and in that manner kept themselves 
 on tJie boat and steadied it somewhat, Father Bradley still clinging to 
 the rudder. Here these brave and holy mea encouraged each other 
 by praying and making confessions of sins, expressing their willitig- 
 ness to die, and yet declaring they would make every effort in their 
 power to save themselves. Mr. Guhl was affected with sleep, and 
 had to be constantly called to be kept awake. When help was offered 
 Father Bradley, he refused it declaring that each had sufficient to do ta 
 save himself. Their strength was wasting every moment, and when 
 one hour before daylight. Father Bradley lost nis hold by the boat 
 overturning, he was unable to regain it and perished. Father Enright 
 also lost hold and was sinking when rescued by Mr. Guhl, and they 
 once more clasped hands across the boat. 
 
 Ho through that direful night, the terrible hours wore on, and at- 
 daylight the two survivors found they were a half mile from shore, 
 and, on trying the depth, found they could touch bottom, a thing, 
 many beUeve with every reason, they could have done at any time dur- 
 ing the accident, since the boat would not likely drift from its first 
 position after the anchor fell from the boat. 
 
 On gaining the shore Father Enright and Kenny went to the house 
 of Aunt Charity Brashears who gave them restoratives, and ottered 
 to convey them to Annapolis, but being chilled the two preferred tv 
 walk, and made their way to Barber's farm on the opposite side of 
 Spa Creek, and made their melancholy signal to their associates in 
 the Redemptorist College. Here their signal was seen, and tlie sur- 
 vivors were brought to the Institution to tell their sorrowful story. It 
 was 9,30 a. m., when they arrived greatly exhausted, and fears were 
 entertained for their recovery. 
 
 Father Classeans was pastor of St. Mary's Church in this city, and 
 Professor of Moral Theology in the College. He was only 3» years 
 old. He came from Holland to America in 1851. Father Gerde- 
 mann was from Cumberland, Md., was Professor of Rhetoric, Eng- 
 lish, and German Literature. He was conductor of the colored 
 Catholic School here, and pastor of the Catholic Church of West 
 River. He was 27 years old. Father Bradley was here recuperating^
 
 History OF Annapolis. 323 
 
 He ^vas 37 years old. Mr. Kenny was studying Moral Theology, and 
 wonld have been ordained the following Easter. Mr. Runge was just 
 finishing his course of Philosophy. 
 
 Search was actively and instantly instituted for the recovery of the 
 bodies, which were eventually recovered ; and carried amidst a sorrow- 
 ing city to the College, St. Mary's bell ringing a dirge as each suc- 
 cessive corpse was recovered. . -4J 
 
 This was the first accident of any kind that had ever occurred to 
 the members of the Socie4;y of Redemptorist. This order was founded 
 in Italy, November 9, 1793. 
 
 CHAPTER LXIV. 
 
 Annapolis of the Present. 
 
 In 1870, Annapolis had a population, exclusive of the Naval Academy, 
 whose average is 500 inhabitants, of 5,744 ; in 1880, 6,G42. 
 
 The city has doubled jts population since 1845, the date of the lo- 
 cation of the Naval Academy at Annapolis. The pressing want of 
 the city has been the establishment of inamifaGt.:ries. They have never 
 flourished and the fine harbor of the city has been comparatively of 
 little use. In 1885, the Annapolis (jlass Works, situated at Horn 
 Point, were finished, and are, at present, in successful operation. 
 
 The opening of tho sum.ner resort. Bay Ridge, some five years since, 
 attracted attention to Annapolis, and the building of the railroad 
 from Annapolis to the resort, consummated in Jiily, 1886, was the di- 
 rect result of the ina'iguration of this popular excursion place. 
 
 By the Annapolis and Baltimore Short Line Railroad, between 
 the capital and the metropolis of the State, railroad communi- 
 cation has been shortened one-third in one ease, and in the other 
 nearly one-half. This road gives promise of large advantage to 
 Annapolis, in its traveling facilities, and in bringing to the attention 
 of capitalists the magnificent harbor of Annapolis and its almost en- 
 tire exemption from obstruction from ice in winter. The slow growth 
 of Annapolis has been the constant gibe of the unthinking. The city, 
 however, in late years has shown a spirit of improvement. In 1877, 
 the lots in the rear of Market street to South street were placed ou 
 the market. They were sold with great rapidity and in the course of 
 a year, over three hundred houses were built. This was largely due 
 to the liberal spirit of the Workingmen's Building and Loan Associa- 
 tion which, proving an exception to most associations of that charac- 
 ter, made it possible for many to build homes for themselves who had 
 no means otherwise. In 1879 and 1880, the houses on Prince George 
 street, between Maryland and College Avenues were built, and also 
 the fime residences of Mrs. Commodore Thornton and John II. Thomas,. 
 Esq., on Maryland Avenue,
 
 324 "The Ancient City.'' 
 
 The bridge over the Spa, coDiiecting the village of Horn Point with 
 Annapolis, was built in 18(58, and the one over College creek about 
 the same period. In 1887, the citizens of Horn Point resolved to call 
 their village Severn City. 
 
 Annapolis has telegraphic and telephonic facilities, gas, and fine 
 water-works, and is noted as an excellent place of residence. Its 
 chief disadvantage is a lack of opportunity to advance the financial 
 interests of its residents. 
 
 St. .John's College affords- unusual educational facilities, and the 
 presence of the Naval Academy, the Court of Appeals of the State, 
 and the Legislative Body induces an acquaintance with public affairs 
 that is at once entertaining, improving, and valuable. 
 
 Many of the inhabitants count their progenitors, generation 
 after generation, back to the earliest settlers of Providsnce. They yet 
 emulate the manly qualities and heroic spirit of their sturdy ances- 
 r.ors. untai'nished by their bigotry and austerity. 
 
 In [tecember 10, 1873, the Taney Statue, located on the State House 
 hill, was unveiled. The work was done by William Ki.ichart, a na- 
 tive of Maryland. The presentation was made to the State, from the 
 committee in charge, by S. T. Wallis. The oration, on the occasion 
 in the Senate Chamber, was one of the most brilliant efforts of that 
 golden-tongued (Orator . 
 
 August 10, 1886, the DeKalb Statue was unveiled With imposing 
 Masonic and Military ceremonies. The Statue was the work of 
 Ephraim Keyser, a young Baltimore sculptor, and has met the l)est 
 anticipations of the public. Mr. Keyser presented the statue to the 
 United States, and Seci-etary of State, Tht^mas F. Bayard, received it 
 in an eloquent address. Col. J. Thomas Scharf was orator and re- 
 viewed the historic phase of DeKalb's career. * 
 
 The State Museum, daily growing in inqwrtance, owes its concep- 
 tion to a resident of Annapolis, Mr. Frank B. Mayer, who on Feb- 
 ruary 19, 1885, in the Anne Arundel Advertiser, suggested its estab- 
 lishment. Col. J. Thomas Scharf, Commissioner of Maryland at 
 New C»rleans, and Commissioner of the Land Office of Maryland, 
 acted upon the suggestion, and when lie returned from New Orleans, 
 he placed the Maryland exhibits, that belonged to the State, in one 
 ')f the rooms of the Land Office. T» this nucleus an interested and 
 patriotic people are constantly adding woods, minerals, and curiosi- 
 ♦;ies. 
 
 Thk Newspapers of Annapolis. 
 
 The Maryland Repuhlkan is now the oldest. It vvas established in 
 1809. Jehu Chandler was its first editor, followed bv .Jeremiah 
 Hughes. He was succeeded in 1842 by Elihu S. Eiley and Samuel 
 Davis. Mr. Davis about 1856 sold his share to Absalom* Ridgely, who 
 died in 1858, and whose part was purchased by Elihu S. Riley. In 
 1867, the Bejmblican was purchased by George' Colton and Elihu S. 
 Riley. Jr. In 1867, the share of the junior partner was purchased 
 by Mr. Colton, who yielded the publicatication about 1878, to his son, 
 Luther P. Colton. After the latter's death, in 1885, the Rejmhiiran 
 was sold to William S. Ridgely and George T. Melvin. In 1886. the 
 new proprietors started a daily afternoon edition. 
 
 The Evening Capital, published by William M. Al)bott, commenced 
 in 1883 as a daily afternoon paper. 
 
 I
 
 History OF Annapolis. 325. 
 
 The Maryland Gazette, established as the Annapolis Gazette, some 
 years after the death of the original Gazette, is a weekly paper, pub- 
 lished by J. Guest King. 
 
 The Anne Arundel Advertiser is a weekly, now iu its 18th volutne. 
 and is published by the estate of William T. Iglehart. 
 
 The Record, a weekly, is printed by Elihu S. Riley. It was estab- 
 lished in 1875. 
 
 In December, 1883, the question of prohibition of the sale of liquor 
 was submitted to the voters of Anne Arundel county. Annapolis 
 gave 550 of the GSO majority in favor of prohibition. At first some 
 of the liquor dealers pioceeded in a surreptitious manner to violate 
 the law. The Court was severe iu its sentences upon couvicted 
 violators of the law. The city, for eighteen mont!;s, became noted 
 for its peace, good order, and sobriety. Then came the invention of 
 the system of incorporated clubs, by which, each member pleading hi^^ 
 right to protection from criminating himself, the State was deprived 
 of witnesses of the violations of law. The clubs increased and, ac- 
 cording to the testimony of those who spoke, as of knowledge, there 
 was great debauchery in private. In public there were good order and 
 peace ; on the criminal docket of the city there were few cases. In 
 the three years of prohibition not one murder from drink had been 
 committed in the county. But the liquor men were on the alert and 
 persuaded the jteople that the second evil of clubs was greater than 
 the first, and promised an era of temperance and good order if the 
 liquor saloons were allowed to be opened again. With their argu- 
 ments of speech and silver, in April, 1880, Annapolis was induced to 
 reverse, by over five hundred majority, the verdict of 1883. The 
 business of the city has not improved as was prophesied would be 
 done under a return to licens.:>. 
 
 In 1884, the Local Improvement Association of Annapolis was 
 formed, P. B. Mayer, President ; L. G. Gassaway, M. Oliver, and C. 
 E. Munroe, Vice-Presidents : J. Wirt Randall, Secretary ; and .Juiiau 
 Brewer, Treasurer. In the face of many discouragements, but with final 
 success, the society aroused an interest in public improvement and 
 directly, or indirectly, advanced and effected, such works as the "City 
 Circle," the planting of avenues of trees at St. John's College and 
 marking the graves of the French Revolutionary dead, and the placing 
 of shade trees in our streets, the formation of a continuous drive around 
 our city by obtaining the building of the Back creek bridge, and project- 
 ing the shore road to Bay Ridge. It has endeavored to obtain from Con- 
 gress the making of an avenue to connect the Government Xaval 
 Cemetery with the Soldiers' Cemetery and the City, the establishment 
 of a signal station, and a public building for Federal uses ; the adop- 
 tion of a plan for fiiture streets and avenues, and has suggested 
 numerous other projects incidental to the objects of the association. 
 
 Annapolis has been loath to give up its ancient ways. Up to 1854, 
 it had but two watchmen to patrol its streets at night, one of whom 
 remains to tell, that like the beadles of old, he used to cry the hours 
 of the night. There are liundreds who recollect the ringing of the 
 curfew bell of St. Anne's at nine o'clock when well-regulated youths 
 hastily left their plays and scampered off to the parental roof. 
 
 The town is not dead. It has only slept. Thirty years ago there 
 " as but one house on the north side of Prince George street from Col- -
 
 336 ''The Ancient Citt." 
 
 lege avenue to East street, and from Prince George street to Hanover, 
 on Maryland avenue, there were but three houses. The intervening lots 
 afforded fine and convenient hunting grounds. 
 
 The earthquake of the 31st of August, 1886, so disastrous to Char- 
 leston, S. C. was experienced in Annapolis and vicinity. The feel- 
 ings excited were those of surprise rather than of alarm. Chairs rock- 
 ed and houses trembled, but no damage was done. 
 
 In closing the annals of the Ancient City, the review of the labors 
 incident to the work is a pleasant retrospection. Removing the 
 mouldy dust from crumbling records, touching the inner webs of outer 
 ■woofs, lifting up that which had fallen from its place in the chronicles 
 of a city, have brought the writer so close to the men who made the 
 history of a capital, guided the destinies of a State, and helped to 
 build a nation, that he has seen them act again the drama of their 
 day, heard the intonations of their voice, well-nigh fathomed the secret 
 springs of their thought and action. 
 
 In breathhig upon these dry bones of fact, the writer has found his 
 chief recompense in seeing that "the breath came into them, and they 
 lived, and stood npon their feet, an exceeding great army."
 
 lIiSTORTOF ANNAPOLIS. 387 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 -:o:- 
 
 ABRIDGEMEXT OF FATHER ANDREW WHITE'S JOURNAL.* 
 
 (:o:) 
 
 ''A Report of the Colony of Lord Baron of Baltimore, in Ilaryland, 
 
 npar Vir^mia, in wM^h th". qutli,f.i/, nihire. ani coniifi'on of the 
 
 r-onnfry and its many aivcmtajes and riches are described. 
 
 "There is a prov^iace near tha Ea3;Ush colony ia Virginia, which, in 
 honour of Maria his queen, his raaiesty ths king of Eagland wished to 
 be called Maryland, or the land of Miry. 
 
 "This province his majesty, in his munificence, presented to the 
 lord Baron of BiUimore, in the mmth of June, 1533. This distin- 
 guished nobleman immediately resolved to settle a colony, with the 
 particular intention of establishhig the religion of the gospel and 
 truth in that and in the neighbouring country, where, as yet, the 
 knowledge of the true God had never existed. He was encouraged 
 in his enterprize by the favourible aecoant of the co mtry left by his 
 worthy father, whose testiino'iy, founded upon aetaal observation, 
 was worthy of the utmost coifllence, and was corroborated by the 
 -reports of others who had visited the same region, as well as by the 
 pxiblished narrative of captain Smith, who first described it." After 
 alluding to the liberal conditions of settlement proposed by Lord 
 Baltimore, Father Wiiite continues : 
 
 "The interests of religion constituted one of the first objects of 
 liord Biltimore, an objeet worthy indeed of Christians, of angels, of 
 Englishmen ; thin which, in all her ancient victories, Britian never 
 achieved any thing more honourable. 
 
 "Behold those regions waiting for the harvest. They are prepared 
 to receive the fruitful seed of the gaspel. Messengers have been sent 
 to procure suitable persons to preach the life-giving do3trine, and 
 regenerate the natives in the sacred waters of biptism. They are 
 those now living in this city, (St. Mary's) who saw ambassadors from 
 -the Indian nations to .Tamestown in Virginia, sent there for the pur- 
 pose of effecting these obJ33ts. Mxy we not suppose that miny 
 thousand:? were brought into the fold of Christ in sd glorious a work.' 
 
 After a glowing anl minute desoription of th^ country, with its 
 H;rees, fruits, and other proluctions, its rivers and hhe various kinds 
 of fish, he proceeds to give the 
 
 "narrative op the voyage to MARYLAND. 
 
 "On the 22d of November, being St. Caecilia's day, under the gentle 
 •Influence of an eastern wind, we dropped down from the Isle of 
 •Wight. 
 
 "Having placed our ship under the protection of Q-od, the Blessed 
 "Virgin Mother, St. Ignatius, and all the guardian angels of Mary 
 ■• Ridgsly's Aiin.xls of Annapolis, p. IS to 32.
 
 328 ''The Ancient Citt. '' 
 
 land, we liad progressed but a short distance, when we were obliged 
 for the want of wind, to cast anchor off the fortress of Yarmouth, 
 where we were welcomed ly a salute. 'While lyhsg here we were not 
 without some apprehensions from our sailors, who began to murmur 
 among themselves, alleging that they expected a messenger from 
 land with letters : and because none arrived, they seem disposed to- 
 create delays. A kind providence put an end to our fears ; for dur- 
 ing the night a strong but favourable wind sprang up, and our pin* 
 nace, * which apprel.endcd an attack from a French brig, that kept 
 within a short distance of her, took advant-^ge of the wind and put to- 
 sea. We, not willing to lose sight of her. followed her with all 
 speed, and thus frustrated the evil designs of our sailors; this wason the 
 night of St. Clement's dr.y, 23d oL' November. (Jii the next morning, 
 about 10 o'clock, after receiving a sfcoi:d sali;te from the tort at 
 Eursr, we were carried beyond the breakers at the extremity of the 
 Isle of Wight, and narrowly escaped being driven on shore. Taking 
 advantage of a strong fair wind on that day and the next night, we 
 left the western point of England, slack'ng sail, lest runnhig ahead 
 of the pinnace, she might fall into the hands of the pirates and Turks- 
 who then inf Cited these seas. On the 24:h of November, we made 
 great headway until evening, when a violent storm arose, and our 
 sloop being diffident of its strength, being only of 40 tons burden, 
 hove to, and informed us tliat in ca^-e of danger, she would carry 
 lights at her mast-head. We were in a well built ship t of 400 tons, 
 as strong as iron and wood could make her, and our captain was one 
 of great experience. The storm was so violent that we gave him the- 
 choice of returning to England or pursuing the voyage. His in- 
 trepidity and confidence in the untried powers of his ship, induced 
 him to choose the latter. But in the middle of the night, in a boiling 
 sea, we saw our sloop at a short distance from us. showinij two liirhtg 
 at her mast-head. Then, indeed, did we fear for her, and on loosing 
 sight of her we all supposed she had been swallowed up in the stormy 
 sea. Six weeks elapsed before we again lieard from her. But God 
 had preserved her. Fearing that she could not survive the storm, 
 she changed her course, and took refuge in the Scilly Isles. She 
 aftewards sailed in pursuit of us, and we'met at the Antilles. On the 
 27th and 28th, we made but little progress. On Friday 29th, a most 
 dreadful storm arose, that made the most fearless men tremble for 
 the result. Among the Catholics, however, it made prayer more 
 fi-equent, vows were offered in honour of the B. V. ^Mother, and her 
 immaculate conception, of St. Ignatius, the patron Saint of :Mary- 
 land, St. Michael and all the guardian angels. Each one prayed 
 earnestly to expiate his sins through the sacrament of penance. For,- 
 having unshipped her rudder, our vessel was tossed about at the 
 mercy of the winds and waves. At first, I feared that the loss of our 
 ship and death awaited me, but, after spending some time in prayer 
 and having declared to the Lord Jesus, and to his Holy Mother, St. 
 Ignatius, and the protecting Angels of Maryland, that the purpose 
 of this voyage was to pay honour to the blood of our Redeemer, by 
 the conversion of barbarians, I arose with a firm confidence that 
 through the mercy and goodness of God, we should escape the dan- 
 
 ..o.t'^il'' ''"V,"'"^^ arrears to have been a sloop vf torty ton-, aul was calle* 
 "The Dove." 
 t 'The Ark.'
 
 History OF Annapolis. 32^ 
 
 gers that seemed to threaten our destruction. I had bowed myself 
 down in pr; yer, during the greatest rat'e of the tempest, and. let the 
 true God be glorified ! Scarcely ht\d 1 finished, before the storm was 
 ceasing. 
 
 "I I'elt myself imbued with a new spirit, and overspread with a 
 flood of joy and admiration at tl.e Lei'evolence of God to the people 
 of Maryland, to whom we were sent. Blc sred forever be the merci- 
 ful chaiitifs of our dear Redeemer. The n n.ainder of the voyage, 
 which lasted thiee months, wf.s proj^perous; our captain affirmed that 
 he never wilnes'^ed a more pleasant and happy one. The period of 
 three months hicluded tl:e time wc spei.t tt the islands of the Antilles, 
 but we were in fact only seven weeks ar.d two days at sea. 
 
 "In sailing aloi;g the Spr.nisli cof.st we weie apprehensive of falling 
 into the hands of the Turks, but we never met them. Having passed 
 the pillars of Hercules and the Mr.dcira islai.ds, we were able to scud 
 before the Avind with full sail. The winds are not varial'le in those 
 regions, but alwi- ys blow in a southwest direction, which was our 
 exact course. At the distance of about three leagues from us we 
 described tJiree sail of vessels, the smallest of which appeared to be 
 larger than ours. Fearing they were Turkish pirates we were careful 
 to avoid them, though we prepared our vessel for action. But as- 
 they showed no di^position to engage us, we concluded they were 
 merchantmen, boui.ci for the fortunate islands, and as much afraid of 
 us as we w^ere of them." 
 
 Father White, after som-e philosophical reasoning to acooi;nt for 
 the trade wiicds, some interesting descriptions of the tropical birds^ 
 and the flying fish, &c., &c., seen on their passage, remarks that, 
 "during the entire voyage no person was attacked with any disease 
 except ihat at Christmas, wine having been freely distributed in 
 honour of that festival, several drank ol it immoderately ; thirty per- 
 sons were seized with a fever the next morning, of wliom about 
 twelve died shortly after ; of these two were Catholics, namely, 
 Nicholas Fairfax and James Barefoot." 
 
 The route taken 1 y the pilgrims is described to have been by the 
 Azores, and to Barladoes, at which latter island they landed on the 
 5th of January, lGo4, new style. Instead of the hospitable reception 
 which they expected from the governor and inhabitans, who were 
 English, Father White says, "the governor and inhabitants plotted 
 together to exact unreasonable prices for provisions and other neces- 
 sary suppHes." Fi( m the great abundance of potatoes in the island 
 they received a wagon load gratis. At the time of the arrival of our 
 pilgrims the slaves Lad rebelled, and determined to seize the first 
 vessel that should arrive, but being discovered, the ringleaders were 
 executed; and, says the narrator, "our vessel being the first that 
 touched the shore, was the destined prize, and the very day we landed 
 we found eighty men under arms, to check the startling danger." 
 
 After describing the island of Barbadoes and its productions, the 
 writer says, "on the 24th of .January we weighed anchor, and passing 
 the islands of St. Lucia at noon on the following day, we arrived in 
 the evening at an island inhabited by savages only. A rumour had 
 been caught by our sailors, from some Frenchmen who had been 
 shipwrecked, that this island contained an animal in whose forehead 
 •was a stone of uncommon brilliancy, called a carbuncle." Father
 
 3S0 "The Ancient City.'' 
 
 White dryly remarks, "its author must answer for the truth of this 
 •report." At dawn on the folio winsc day they reached Gnadaloupe, 
 and at noon arrived at Montserrat, inhabited by Trishmen driven 
 from Virginia, on accouat of their profession ol the Catholic faith. 
 
 Thence they sailed to another island, where thay spent one day ; 
 thence to St." Christophers, where they remained ten days, by the 
 friendly invitation of the Eiiglish government and two captains, "who 
 were Catholics." The governor ol' a French colony in the same 
 island also welcomed them warmly. Father White continues : 
 "having at length weighed anchor hence, we pursued onr voyage until 
 •we reached a poiat on the coast of Virginia, called 'Comfort,' on the 
 27th of February. We were under a good d<^al of dread from the 
 unfriendliness of theE:iglish inhabitants of Virginia, to whom our 
 colony had been an unwelcome theme. We brought, however, letters 
 from the king and the high coistihle of Eieland to the governor of 
 the province, which contribaf/>d very m.ich to appease their feelings, 
 and to procure us future advantages. After receiving kind treat- 
 ment for nine or ten days we set s.iil, and on the 3d of March, 
 having arrived in the Caesaoeike bay, we tacked to the north to 
 reach the Potomic river, to which we gave the name of St. Gregory. 
 We called the noint which stands o.i the south St. Gregory, * that on 
 the north of St. Mi3ha?l. t in honour of the choir of angels. A 
 larger and more beautiful stream T never hxve seen. The Thames 
 compared with it is but a rivulet. Bounding on the sides by no 
 marshes, it runs between solid and rising b inks. On either side are 
 splendid forests, not overgrown by weeds or briars ; you might drive 
 afour-hor^e carriage, with the reins loose in yoir hinds, through 
 them. We found the natives arnisd at the very mouth of the river. 
 That night fi"es were blazing throughout the country, and as they 
 Lad never sseu so large a ship as ours, messengers were sent around 
 to announce th3 arrival of a canos as large as an island, .and number- 
 ing as many men as the trees in a forest. We passed on to the 
 Heron Island?, so called from immense finks of those birds. We 
 touched at the first of them, wai'jh we called St. Clements, on which 
 owing to its sloping bxnk?, we could only Ian 1 by for ling. Here the 
 maids who had landed to wash the clothes, wr^re almost drowned by 
 the upsetting of the boat. I lost a lar'jre portion of my linen — no 
 small loss in this part of the world. This island abounds in cedar 
 trees, sassafras, and all those herbs and flowers entering into the class 
 of salads, and the walnut tree with a heavy shell, and a small but 
 very delicious kernel. A scone of four hundred acres did not appear 
 suflficient for our new plantation. We desired a place which might 
 preclude the commerce of the river to strangers, and also the possi- 
 bility of their infringing on our boundaries. This was the most nar- 
 row crossing of the river. 
 
 "On the day of the annunciation of the B. V. Mary, (Soth of 
 March,) we first oUered the sacrifice of the mass, never before in this 
 region of the world. After which, having raised on our shoulders an 
 immense cross, which we had fashioned from a tree, and going in pro- 
 cession to the designated spot, assisted by the governor. * commis- 
 sary, and other Catholics, we erected the trophy of Christ the Saviour, 
 and humbly bent the knee in reverence during the devout recitation 
 * Smith's Point. t P liat Lookout. 
 
 * lisonard Calvert.
 
 HistoryofAnnapolis. 331 
 
 of the litany of the holy cross. Our governor, however, having 
 understood that the great chief of Piscataway was obeyed by many 
 petty chiefs, determined to visit him, to explain the objects of our 
 coming ; that having conciliated his good will, our settlement might 
 be more favourably regarded by the rest. Having, therefore, joined 
 to our pinnace another, which he had procured in Virginia, and leav- 
 ing the ship at anchor oil St. Clements, retracing his course, he sailed 
 lip the southern bank of the river. Finding the savages had fled 
 into the interior, he proceeded to t!ie village, which, taking its name 
 from the river, is yet called Potomac. Here he found Archihu, the 
 uncle and tutor of the king, who was yet a boy. The regency was in 
 prudent and experienced hands. Father Althara, who accompanied 
 the governor, (for I was detained with the baggage,) explained, by 
 means of an interpreter, the truths of the Christian religion. The 
 chief listened to him willingly, after acknowledging his o'wn faults. 
 TBeing informed that no hostile motives had broiight us among them, 
 V)ut that feelings of benevolence prompt us to iraplirt to tfeem the ad- 
 vantages of civilization, and to open the path of Heaven to them, 
 and to the more distant regions, he expressed himself not only well 
 satisfied, but very grateful at our arrival. The interpreter was from 
 the Protestants of Virginia. As the Father could not explain every 
 thing at once, he promised to return in a short time. 'I think,' said 
 Archihu, 'that we sliould all eat of the sime table : my young men 
 will visit the hunting grounds for you, and all things "shall be in 
 common with us.' From hence we went to Piscataway, wliere all 
 immediately flew to arms. About one hundred, armed with bows, 
 were drawn up with their eliief at their head. O.i learning our 
 pacific intentions, laying aside his fears, the chief s':eppsd into the 
 pinnace, and on understanding our benevolent views in their regard, 
 gave us liberty to settle in any part of his kiiigdom we might select. 
 In the meantime, while tha governor was on his journey to the 
 emperor, the savages of St. Clements becomining more bold, mixed 
 familiarly with our sentries. We were accustomed to keep up a 
 patrol day and night, to protect our wood-cutters, and our vessel, 
 which was now undergoing repairs, from any s^idden attack. The 
 natives expressed tlieir surprise at the size of our vessel, and wondered 
 what part of the earth produced a tree large enough to make such a 
 boat ; for they thought that it, like an Indian canoe, was hewn out 
 of the trunk of a single tree. The report of our cannon struck them 
 dumb with fear. 
 
 "In his visit to the emperor, our governor carried with him as a 
 companion, one Henry Fleet, a captain among the settlers in Vir- 
 ginia, a man much beloved by the natives, and skilled in the know- 
 ledge of their language and settlements. In the begianing he was 
 very obliging to us, but being seduced by the malicious counsels of a 
 certain Clalbone, he became very hostile, ."^-nd, in the most artful man- 
 ner, inflamed the minds of the natives against us. However, while he 
 was our friend, he pointed out to our governor a suitable place for a 
 settlement, than which a more heaveuly and lovely spot Europe 
 could not furnish. Having proceeded from St. Clements about nine 
 leagues to the north, we glided into the mouth of a river, to which 
 we gave the name of St. George.* This river flows from south to 
 ♦ Now called St. Mary's river.
 
 333 ''The Ancient City." 
 
 north about tAvei.ty miles before it loses, like the Thames, the salt 
 watei- taste. In its mouth are two harbours, in which three hundred 
 ships oi the line could ride at anchor. We placed one of them under the 
 protection of St. George, the other, more interior, under that of the 
 B. V. Mary.'t 
 
 X "On the left side of the river was ine settlement of Yaocomico. 
 We ascended on the right side, and having halted about a thousand 
 paces from the shore, we selected a site tor the city, to be designated 
 by the name of St. Maiy. And to avoid all imputation of injuiyand 
 occasion of enmity, having given in payment hatchets, axes, hoes, and 
 some yards of cloth, we bouglit from the king about thirty miles of 
 that part of the country now calhd Augusta Caroline. ® 
 
 "A fierce and warlike nation of savr.ges called the Susquehannahs, 
 particularly hostile to king Yaocomico, made frequent incursions into 
 his territoiy ai:d devastated his settlements. The inliabitants, 
 through fear of these savages, were forced to seek other homes. 
 This was the cause of our having so promptly olitained possession of 
 that part of his kingdom : God, in his goodness, opening a jialh for 
 his law and eternal light by these means. The natives emigrate here 
 and theie daily, leaving beiiind them the fields and clearings that sur- 
 rounded their homes. It amounts almost to a miracle that savages, 
 who but a few days before arrayed themselves in arms against us, 
 should now with the meekness of the lamb throw themselves on our 
 mercy, and deliver up every thing to us. Here the finger of God is 
 evident, and doubtless Providence has some good in store for this 
 nation. A few have been permitted to retain their dwellings for one 
 year, but the lands are to be delivered free into our hands the next 
 year. 
 
 "The natives are tall and handsome in their persons, their skin is 
 naturally of a copper colour, but they daub it over with red paint 
 mixed with oil, to protect them from the flies, j This practice, which 
 is decidedly more of a convenience than an ornament, gives them a 
 hideous appearance. They daub their faces with other colours, at 
 one time sky blue, at another red, and occasionally in the most dis- 
 gusting and terrific manner. Being aeficient in beard, at least until 
 late in lite, they draw painted lines from the corners of their mouths 
 to the ears, in imitation of it. The hair, which is generally black, is 
 tied around with a fillet, and drawn in a knot to the left ear, with 
 the addition of any ornament in their possession whicli they consider 
 valuable. Some wear as an ornament a copper plate with the figure 
 of fish engraved upon it, placed upon the forehead. Others wear 
 neeklaces of glass beads ; beads are esteemed of less value by them, 
 and do not answer the purposes of traffic so readily. They ai'i' 
 dressed generally in deer skins, or something of that nature, which 
 hangs from the back in the fathion of a pallium, and is bound roun'^ 
 the navel like an apron, the rest of the body is naked. Boys and 
 girls move about perfectly uncovered ; they tread on thorns a"*' 
 thistles, without sustaining injury, as if the soles of their feet wei'e 
 horn. Their arms are the bow and arrow, two cul)its long, pointe^l 
 
 t This hiirtor must be eiltier tlio ircnih o! \\hat islcalleii St Geoi-pp'o 
 river, c r tnc entrance to St. ri.ij.ce'scieek. vre"i»,e- 
 
 * ^o\v St, Woiy's counry. 
 
 t Mo&ehettoes.
 
 History of Annapolis. 833 
 
 with a piece of bucklioni, or sharp edged flint. They shoot these 
 with such dexterity, as to transfix a sparrow at a considerable dis- 
 tance. Their bows are not very tightly strung, and they are unable 
 to strike objects at a very great distance. By the use of these arras, 
 however, they secure a sufficient quantity of food, as squirrels, par- 
 tridges, turkeys, &c., of which there is a great abundance. They 
 live in huts of an oblong and oval form, nine or ten feet high ; an 
 opening of a foot and a half in size, through the roo!, admits light 
 and allows the smoke to escape. They construct a fire on a pave- 
 ment in the centre, and sleep in a circle around it. The ki.igs and 
 jiriucipal chiefs have each a hut of his own, and a bed made by driv- 
 ing four slakes in the ground and laying poles over thera. A tent of 
 this descrijition is allotted to my companion and myself, in whish we 
 are comiortably enough accommodateil until a better house can be 
 erected. Tills may he co'imdered the. first cliapel in 3Iarylan(l; it is, 
 however, furnished in a more becoming manner than when it was in- 
 habited by the Indians. In our next voyage, should Providence 
 smile on our undertaking, we shall be sunplied with all that is neces- 
 sary for fni'ui- lung houses generally. The disposition of the tribe is 
 spriglitly and ingenious ; their taste is very discrimhiating, and they 
 excel the Europeans in the senses of sight and smell. Their food 
 consists of ceitain preparations of corn, which they call pone and 
 oviiiir/, to which is added fish and any thing that they liave caught 
 in hunting or in their snares. They liave nei^^her wine nor spirits, 
 nor can they lie easily induced to taste them, except such as the Eng- 
 lish have infected with their vices. As to their deportment, it is ex- 
 tremely modest and proper. In neither male nor female have I seen 
 iiny action contrary to cluistity. They come voluntarily and mingle 
 with us daily, offering us, with a joyful countenance, what they have 
 caught in hunting or fishing, and partaking of our food with us, when 
 invited by a few words in their language. As yet we are able to con- 
 A'erse with them very little except l\v signs. Many of them have 
 wives, ar.d preserve their conjugal faith unsullied. The countenances 
 of the woineii are sedate and modest. The natives seemed possessed 
 of genc-ous dispositions, and reciprocate liberally any acts of kind- 
 ness. T];ey decide on nothing rashly, nor are they afllected by any 
 sudden impulses of feeling ; but when any thing of importance is sub- 
 mitted to their consideration, they reflect on it in silence, as if 
 anxious to be governed entirely by reason ; then having formed their 
 determination, they express it briefly, and adhere to it most obsti- 
 nately. If tliey were once imbued with the principles of Christianity 
 (for which indeed nothing seems to be wanting but a knowledge of 
 their language) they would certainly become examples of every moral 
 iind Christian virtue. 
 
 '"They are much pleased with the courteous language, as well as 
 the dress of the Europeans, and would now be clothed in our manner, 
 if the avarice of our traders did not prevent it. Our ignorance of 
 their idioms has hitherto prevented us from learning accurately their 
 opinions on religion. We have, however, through the aid of inter- 
 preters, (not always to be relied on,) caught these particulars: 
 They acknowledge one God of heaven, whom they call our God. They 
 pay him no external honours, but endeavour in various ways, to pro- 
 pit^itwte a certain evil spirit whom they call Ochre, tliat he may n^t
 
 334 "TheAncient City." 
 
 injure them. I understand they worship also grain and fire, as deities 
 very benevolent to mankind. Some of our men say they saw the follow- 
 ing ceremony in the temple Barcluxen. On a certain day, all the 
 men and women of all ages, from many villages, assemble around a 
 large fire ; the younger ones are in advance, nearer the fire ; then 
 having thrown some deer's fat on the fire, they raise their hands 
 aloft and cry out with a loud voice, 'Taho, Taho !' During an 
 interval, some one holds out a large bag, which contains a pipe, 
 similar to those we use for smoking tobacco, though much larger, and 
 some powder which they call potu. The bag is then carried around 
 the fire, followed by boys and girls singing alternately in an agree- 
 able voice, 'Taho, Talho.' The circuit being finished, the pipe and 
 the powder are drawn out of the bag. The potu being distributed to 
 each cue standing around, and lighted in the pipe, each person 
 present smokes it, and consecrates every member of the body by- 
 blowing it over them. "We are not in possession of other facts, ex- 
 cept that they seem to have some knowledge of a flood in which the 
 world was destroyed, on account of the sins of mankind. 
 
 "We have been but one month here : the remainder must conse- 
 quently be reserved for another voyage. T can, however, assert that 
 the soil is especially rich. The earth, soft and black to the depth of 
 a foot, is overspread with a fat and reddish coloured clay, covered 
 everywhere with widely spreading trees, of great value and surpass- 
 ing beauty, except here and there a small patch of cultivated ground. 
 The land is also refreshed by abundant springs of excellent drinking 
 water. The only quadrupeds we have seen, are the deer, beaver, 
 and squirrels which equal in size the European rabbit. The flocks- 
 of birds are innumerable, such as eagles, herons, swans, geese, ducks, 
 and partridges. Hence, you may suppose there is nothing wanting 
 here which may minister to the necessities or the pleasure of its in- 
 habitants." 
 
 The town of Saint Mary's became the capital of the province ; and 
 the first legislative assembly of the province was called and held there, 
 about the commencement of the year 1G35 — (to wit, on the 26th of 
 February, 163-1—5, old style.) 
 
 THE CHARTER 
 
 OP THE 
 
 CITY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 AS NOW EIVIBODIED IN ARTICLE TWO OF THE CODE 
 OF PUBLIC LOCAL LAWS OF MARYMAND, 
 TITLE ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY, SUB- 
 TITLE, ANNAPOLIS.* 
 Sec. 30. The boundaries of the City of Annapolis shall be follows-. 
 Begmnmg at the water's edge at Windmill Point; thence by » 
 * From the Revised Code, iSSl.
 
 History of Annapolis. 33& 
 
 straight line to Sycamore Point; and thence again by a straight line 
 from Sycamore Point to the wharf at Fort Madison; and thence by a 
 drawn line from the wharf at Fort Madison, to the sonth wall of the 
 Naval Academy, at the eastern terminus of Hanover street, and fol- 
 lowing the present enclosures of the Xaval Academy to the Severn 
 River, at the nortn-eastern terminus of Tabernacle street; thence along 
 the south shore of said river and College Creek, to the head of said creek; 
 thence by a stright line from the head of said creek, to the head of 
 Acton's Cove on Spa Creek; and thence following the northeast of 
 said creek to the pkce of beginning; and the said city shall be divided 
 into three wards by the Corporation of said city, and the citizens of 
 Annapolis, qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly of 
 Maryland, shall, on the second Monday of July, in the year eighteen 
 hundred and seventy-seven, and every two years thereafter, elect by 
 ballot, a Mayor, Counsellor, and the voters in each ward shall at the 
 same time elect by ballot two residents thereof as Aldermen, who 
 shall constitute the Corporation of said city, under the name and 
 style of the Mayor, Counsellor, and Aldermen of the City of AnnapohSo 
 
 Sec. 31. The Corporation shall appoint three persons judges of 
 said election, any two of whom shall be competent to hold such 
 election, and shall also appoint the necessary clerks of said election, 
 and the judges and clerks shall qualify in the same manner as judges 
 and clerks of elections are required by law to qualify, and shall in 
 the execxition of their respective duties, and in the manner of con- 
 ducting elections, conform in every respect to the provisions of Article 
 thirty-five of the Code, and shall be subject to the same penalties aa 
 other judges and clerks of elections hi this State. 
 
 Sec. ,i'^. The Mayor, Counsellor, and Aldermen shall designate 
 the place of holding elections, and the polls shall be kept open from 
 nine o'clock in the morning until sis o'clock in the evening, and the 
 returns shall be made to the Mayor, Counsellor, and Aldermen, and 
 recorded among their proceedings. 
 
 Sec. 38. All persons, quahfied to be members of the General Assem^ 
 bly, shall be eligible as Mayor, Counsellor and Aldermen. 
 
 Sec. 34. In case ot the death, refusi'.l to serve, disqualification or 
 removal out of the City of any of the members of the Corporation, 
 a majority of the remaining members shall fill the vacancy lor the 
 residue ot the term.* 
 
 Sec. 36. The Mayor shall qualify as directed by section six of 
 article sixty-eight ot the Code; the Aldermen, Counsellor, and jadgea 
 and clerks of elections, and ail other ofiicers of the City, shall, before 
 they enter upon the duties of their respective offices, take and sub- 
 scribe before Ihe Mayor the following oath : "I do solemnly swear 
 
 that I will fcxithfuily execute the office of to the best of my 
 
 knowledge and ability, without favor, affectio;:, or partiaUty." 
 
 Sec, 37. The Mayor, Counsellor, and Aldermen shall hold their 
 first session in Annapolis on the second Monday in April, and shall 
 meet on the second Monday in each month thereafter, but the Mayor 
 may summon them to convene whenever and as often as it may ap" 
 pear to him that the interests of the City require their dehberations, 
 and a majority of the whole Board shall be a quorum to do business, 
 but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day. 
 
 * By Act of ISiiT, c. 240, sees. U and 35 were lepealtt, nnd the present sec, U 
 enacted iu lieu ot both.
 
 3;j6 "The Ancient City." 
 
 Sec. 38. They may cuiupel the attendauce of absent members in 
 such mariner and imder such penalties as they may by oidinance 
 provide; shall settle their rules of proceedings; appoint their own 
 officers and remove them at pleasure. 
 
 Sec. 39. They shall judge of the election returns and qualifications 
 of their own members, and may. with the concurrence of their whole 
 number, expel any member for disorderly behavior or raisco:;duct in 
 office, but not a second time for the same cause. 
 
 Sec. 40. The Mayor. Counsellor, and Aldermen shall have power 
 to enact all laws and ordinances necessary to preserve tlie health of 
 the City; to prevent and remove nuisances; to prevent the intro- 
 duction of contagious diseases within the City; to estabhsh night 
 watches and patrols; to light the City; to establish new streets, lanes, 
 and alleys, and to widen, straighten, extend, stop up, or discontinue 
 any stree-ts. lanes, and alleys; and when any street, lane, or alley is 
 opened, widened, straightened, extended, stopped up or discontinued 
 by the Corporation, the full value of all property taken and used for 
 public street, lane, or alley, or damages to be sustained in closing the 
 same, shall be assessed by a jury of twelve citizens, and the said full 
 value so assessed first paid or tendered to the f)roprietor of said 
 property: and if, in opening, widening, straightening or extending 
 any street, lane or alley in said city, any l)onefit shall thercl\v accrue 
 to "the o'.vner or possessor of any ground or improvement, within or 
 upon said street, lane, or alley, for which such owner or possessor 
 ought to pay compensation, said benefits shall be assessed and paid by 
 the owner or possessor iu like manner as above provided; to er^ct and 
 repair bridges; to have, construct, and keep' in repair all necessary 
 drains and sewers, and to pass all necessary regulations for the regu- 
 lation, repair, and preservation of Ihe same; to regulate and fix the 
 assize of bread; to provide f jr tlie appointment, and define the duties 
 of City Comraissioaer, Police Officers, iMarket Masters, Gangers, 
 Wood Corders, Harbor Masters. Hay Weighers, Coal Weigliers, and 
 Inspectors, and all other officers which they may create, and to de- 
 fine the .Uities and compensation thereof; to provide for the safe keep- 
 ing of the standard of the vveifflits and measures. fix':'d by Congress, 
 or by an Act of the State of Maryland, and for regulating thereby all 
 weights and measures used within the City; to regulate party walls 
 and partition fences; to erect and regulate markets; to provide for 
 licensing and regulating the sweeping and burning of chimneys, and 
 fixing the rates theieof, and to prescribe the size of those to he built 
 in the Ciry; to establish and re;xnlate fire wanls and fire companies: 
 to restrain or prohibit gaming: to license bowling saloons, bowling 
 alleys, nine or ten pin alleys, liilliard tables, rondo tables, bagatelle 
 tables, or any other tables or devices, or structures of a similar kinci; 
 to license carriages of pleasure and burden, and to provide for licens- 
 ing, regulating, or restraining theatrical or other public amusements 
 within the limits of the City: to license hawkers, pedlers, travelling 
 physicians, venders of patent medicines or other articles, and their 
 vehicle:;, to sink wells; to make and reguhxte pumps, water pipes, 
 hydrants, water plugs, fountains, sewers, and so forth, in the streets, 
 lanes, and alleys of the City, and to pass laws t' protect the same: to 
 impose and appropriate fines, penalties and fm-feitures for the breach 
 of their by-laws and ordinances; to levy and collect taxes; not ex-
 
 History OF Annapolis. ' 337 
 
 ceeding one per centum per annum on all the assessabl e property in 
 the City; to pass oixlinances for the prevention and extinguishment of 
 fires; and for paving and keeping in repair the streets, lanes, and 
 alleys in said city; and in addition to the power aforesaid, to tax any 
 particular part or district 'if the City for paving the streets, lanes 
 and alleys therein, or for constructing sewers, sinking wells, making 
 pumps, water pipes, fountains, hydrants and water plugs therein, 
 which in their judgment may appear for the benefit of such particular 
 part or district, in a sum not exceeding one per centum on the asses- 
 sable property in said particular part or district; and to make a nen 
 assessment of all the assessable property in said city not exempt from 
 taxation by the laws of this State, as often as they may deem the same 
 necessary; to borrow money on the credit of the Corporation for the 
 purpose of promoting or effecting any important and jiermanent pub- 
 lic improvement in the City, or tor paying its present debts; and to 
 issue from time to time, as they may deem proper, the bonds of the 
 said Mayor, Counsellor and Aldermen, payable at such time.^andin 
 such sums as may deem proper, not exceeding in the aggrei::ation the 
 sum of fifty thousand dollars, and to pledge their property for the 
 payment thereof, and the interest thereon; provided, however, that a 
 majority of the legal voters; shall approve the act at an election to be 
 held on a day at a place to be named by the Mayor, Counsellor, and 
 Aldermen of the City of Annapolis, when the legal voters of said tity 
 shall express by ballot their assent or dissent to the loa,n proposed; 
 Sind provided, that tht; entire public debt of said city shall not exceed 
 the sum of fifty thousand dollars; to provide for taking up, fining or 
 committing to the jail of Anne Arundel county, all vagrants, 
 drunken, loose and disorderly persojis and such as have no visible 
 means of support and livelihood, and common disturbers of the peace, 
 that may be found within the :urisdiction of the City, and the keeper 
 of said jail shall receive and tufe keep all persons so corarjitted, ac- 
 cording to the tenor of the commitment; to cause a survey, ::3 often as 
 they may think necessary, of the City, its harbor, streets, lots, and the 
 additions thereto to be made; to establish and fix permanent boun- 
 daries and stones at such places as they may think necessary, with 
 proper marks and devices thereon; to ascertain the lines of the City 
 and the additions thereto; and the survey of the said city and ad- 
 ditions thereto, and of the streets, lanes, alleys, and harbor thereof, 
 when made shall be signed by the Mayor, and the seal of the Corpor- 
 ation thereto affixed, and shall be deposited with the Olerli of the 
 Corporation of the City, and received as evidence of the boundawes of 
 the said city, and of the harbor, lots, streets, lanes, and alleys therein; 
 to declare and adjudge as nuisances any encroachments on the streets, 
 lanes, and alleys, and cause the same to be removed at the expense of 
 the persoji offending; to lay off and divide the City into election dis- 
 tricts, and to define their bounds and limits, and correct the same 
 from time to time, so as to preserve as accurately as may be an equal 
 number of inhabitants in each of said districts, and to designate 
 places for taking the vote at all elections to be held in each of said 
 districts; to prevent the running at large of dogs, and to impose an 
 aniiual tax on the owners and keepers thereof in the City not exceed- 
 ing five dollars; to restrain or prohibit the running at large of horses.
 
 338 "The Ancient City." 
 
 cows, sheep, goats, or other tvnimals; to direct in what parts of tho 
 City buildings of wood shall uot 'ae cr.'cted, aud to regulate the con- 
 struction of'thesiiine; to pass ordinances for preserving oi-der, secur- 
 ing persons and property from violence, danger or destruction; for 
 protecting the puljlic and city property, rights and privileges from 
 waste or encroachrneiit, and generally for promoting and securing the 
 good government of the City. 
 
 Sec. 41. Before the Mayor, Counsellor, and Aldermen of the City 
 of Annapolis shall pass any ordinance to open, widen, straighten, ex- 
 tend, stop up, or discontinue any streets, lanes, or alleys, or any part 
 thereof, in pursuance of the authority herein delegated, at least thirty 
 ■lays' notice shall be given before tlie pass;ige of such ordinance, in 
 some newspaper or newspapers published in said city, and before any 
 atreet, lane, or alley shall be so opened, slrightencd, extended, stopped 
 up or discontinued, in whole or in part, the proprietors of lots or any 
 part or section of the streets, lanes, and alleys so to be opened, 
 widened, straightened, extended, stopped up, or discontinued, in 
 whole or in part, wliTise property will bo depreciated by the act of tho 
 Oorporation. may ajply to any Justice of the Peace in said city, who 
 ishereliT empowered, upon an affidavit of facts, to summon a jury of 
 twelve citizens, whose duty it shall be to exiimine the premi.ses and 
 assess tho damages sustained V^y the coniplainaut; the full value of 
 :3uch asJt.ssment shaT. bo paid or teudciHl to the complainant, as 
 hereinlieforc provideu, befora the final execution of sucii ordinance, 
 •And any Justice of th-; Peace shall have the same power to summon a 
 jury for the assessment of benefits. 
 
 Sec. 42.* They shg.ll keep a jonraal of their proceedings, and enter 
 the yeas and nays upon any question, resolve or ordinance, if requirad 
 by any one member, and tiicir deliberalions ^^hall be public. 
 
 Sec. 4^!.* The Mayor, CouEseHor,^and Aldermen may repair any 
 private wharves belonging to persons who shall refuse, after two 
 month's notice, to repair the s."..nae, and they may receive the wliarf- 
 ige of inch wharves until such repairs aro ]iaid for, or until the 
 )Wners thereof shall ::ay the same. 
 
 Snc. 4?'. The Mayor may take the acknowledgment of any deed 
 or instrument of writing re^^uired' to bo aekowicdged, and receive 
 fcher&for-i the sum of fifty cents : all by-laws and ordinances of the 
 «iid Corponition shall be signed by the Mayo.t ; the Mayor shall diir- 
 ifig the ui-st ten days in the raojnth of January of each and every year, 
 •ikiiae tc t-e prepared and printed, for the iuformatiou of the citizens, 
 * jjtateniont of the fiiianceso-f the said Corporation ; he may c»all upon 
 any oftioer of tho City, entru<,t«d with fcho^ receipt and expenditure of 
 public money, for a stAtomsnt of his acGOHnts, as often as he may 
 -lectn it necessary ; he shall se« that the ordinaneea are duly and faith- 
 fully executed. 
 
 Sbc. 50. They mar appoint from timo to timo, at such poriods as 
 they deem most proper and convenient, certain persons as Wardens 
 ->f the Port of the City of Annapolis, nor more than five in number, 
 ▼tiO shall bo removed at their ploa-sure. 
 
 Sec. 51. Tho persons so appointed shall, each, take the following 
 oath : '•!, A. B., do swear that I will discharge the trust of Warden 
 
 * The original Sections 42, 18, 11,45. 46, {7 aod 18 repealed by Act of 1867,
 
 History of Annapolis. 339 
 
 of the Port of the City of Annapolis to the best of my ability, with- 
 out favor, affection, or partiality." 
 
 Sec. 53. The Wardens, or a majority of them, shall have power to 
 determine upon and regulate all matters relating to the erection or 
 building of wharves in the said port, so far as respects the distance 
 said wharves may be extended into the water, and the materiHls of 
 which they shall b3 constructed, and the manner and form of con- 
 struction, always keeping in view the preservation of the navigation 
 of said port by not permitting any wharf to be carried out in such 
 manner as to render the navigation of the same too close ;Mid confined, 
 or to be built of such materials or constructed in such manner as 
 may be deemed not sufficiently suljstantial and lasting. 
 
 Sec. 53. Xo person holding lands on the waters of said port, nor 
 any person whatever, shall build any wharf, or carry out any earth 
 or other material for that purpose, without license from said Wardens, 
 or a majority of them, to do the same ; and if any person shall offend 
 against the provisions of this yectiou, or if any person shall build any 
 wharf a greater '^stance into the waters of said port, or in a different 
 form, or of l:;Terjnt materials than determined and allowed by the 
 Wardens, >'• a Miajority of them, he shall be subject to such fine as 
 the Mayor, 'I'r.irissllor, and Aldermen may ordain. 
 
 Sso. 54. !;■ '"^[i ili'Kv.'r;3as that shall arise bctwee- ■ :ty citizen of 
 AuKapolis a;r.\ :l'.>j said Wardens, touching thedischav : )/ their duty, 
 an appeal ."I.:,-! lie to the Mayor, Couasellor and Aide- .> -u. 
 
 Skc. 55. 1: >'\all not be lawful for any person, whci iisi' licensed to 
 sell spirituous liquors or not, to sell, dispose of, barter, or give, di- 
 rectly or indirectly, within the corporate limits of the Cilyof Annapo- 
 lis, or within five miles thei-eof, any spirituous or fermented liquors 
 -or cordials nf any kind, or in any quantity whatever, to any youth or 
 minor imd.^r t''.!; age of twenty-one years,' without the written order 
 or consent ' t ..h? parent or guardian o! such minor ; nor to any Mid- 
 ^liipraan ov r: t ;..!eat connected with, or attached to the N'aval Aoidemy 
 At Aunapoli?, . >■ ;ui'ler orders to join or leave the said Academy ; nar 
 to auy seama'.j. .>rdiriary seaman, landsman, marine, or boy, or any 
 employee of t]:* Navy, without a written order from a oomirii*sioned 
 officer of the Navy, (not escluding hiredlabor«rs,) nor to any Student 
 of St. John's College without the written order of some Professor ol 
 «iid College': and any person violating the provisiojis of this seotion 
 shall be liable to indictment ini:hs Circuit Court for Annt< Arundel 
 county, aiKl. upon conviction thereof, shall be fined a siun of not less 
 than fifty dollars, and not more than four hundred dollars, and sliall 
 be confined in jail until the said fine and costs of projccutiou shall b« 
 paid ; provided, said conSuecient \\\ jail shall not oscccd sirty days ; 
 but if any minor or person referred to in this section shall willixiUy 
 misrepresent that he is of full age, or that he is not pr»hibite<i by 
 this section, and thereby shall obtain any spirituous liquors, and tha 
 person selling the same shall be able to prove such misrepresentatioa, 
 the said person selling to the said minor or other pevsou so falsely 
 representing himself shall not suffer any penalty, but sliall pay aH 
 the costs incurred in snch case ; p'ovlded, that the act of any agent 
 ander this soetion shall not be bniding upon his principal, if the court 
 or jury shall l)cliovfc that the said act was committed against the bona 
 fide instructions of said principal. 
 
 Seo. 5G. If any person having a license of any kind, authorizing
 
 340 ' ' T H E A N c I E N T City.'' 
 
 the sale of spirituous liquors, shall violate the provisions of the pre- 
 ceding section, or permit any person in his employ to violate the same, 
 at or in his tavern, shop, house, or place of business, or in or upon his 
 premises, with his knowledge and consent, such license shall be sup' 
 pressed by the Judge of said Court, and be declared null and void. 
 
 Sec. 57. The Judge of said Court shall, whenever co;npl:\int may 
 be made to him by any two or more respectable citizens ol siad city, 
 or any officer of the county or city, that any person haviup" a license, 
 as aforesaid, is or has been violating che provisions of Section 55 of 
 this Article, examine witnesses and inquire into such alleged viola- 
 tion ; and if, upon such examination and inquiry, it shall appear to 
 his satisfaction that the party complained against lias been guilty of 
 such violation, the said Judge shall have full power immediately to 
 suppress the Ucense of such person, and no new license shall be 
 granted to him or her. 
 
 Sec. 58. Any one order which may be given to any minor under 
 the provisions of the fifty-fifth Section of this Article, shall not be 
 available for the purpose for which it was given, for a longer period 
 than two days from its date. 
 
 Sec, 59. It shall be the duty of the Sheriff of Annr* Arundel 
 County and his deputies, and of the Constables of the City of An- 
 napolis, to exercise the utmost vigilance in order to detect all 
 ■violations of this Article in relation to the sale of liquors to minors 
 and others as forbidden by Section fiity-five, and to report immedi- 
 ately any such violation to the Judge of the Ciicuit Court for said 
 county, who shall forthwith direct the offending party to be brought 
 before him, and shall requii-e him to give adequate security for his 
 appearance at the next term of said Coux-t, and shall con.mit such 
 party to jail in default of such security : and if any Sheriff or Con- 
 stable shall neglect to report to the Judge any sucli violation of the 
 said section as soon as the sam? shall come to his knowledjre, lie shall 
 be liable to a penalty of fifty dollarr, for each case of such neglect, to 
 be recovered by any person "in the name of the State by action of debt 
 in said Court. 
 
 Sec. 60. All fines imposed and collected under the previsions of 
 Section fifty-five of this Article shall go, one half to the informer 
 ("who is hereby made a competent witness) and the other hrlf shall be 
 divided equally between the State's Attorney and the Sheriff or other 
 officer who shall have made report in the case to the Judge under the 
 fifty-ninth Section of this Article. 
 
 Sec. G1. The Mayor, Counsellor, and each Alderman sliall, in 
 virtue of their office, have a::d exercise, within the limits of the 
 Corporation, all the jurisdiction and powers of a Justice of the Peace. 
 
 Sec. 63.* The Mayor may take the acknowldgement oi any deed 
 or instrument of writing required by law to be acknowledged, and 
 shall receive therefor the sum oi fifty cents. 
 
 Sec. 64. The Collector of Taxes in said city shall have the same 
 power to collect the city taxes as the collectors of county taxes, and 
 shall be governed by the same rules. 
 
 Sec. 65. When any tax shall be due upon real estate, and no per- 
 sonal property shall be found thereon liable to the pavment thereof 
 the Collector shall report the fact to the Corporation at their monthly 
 meeting in December, annually, and the Mayor, Counsellor, and 
 * Sec. C2 repealed by Act on867, c, 240.
 
 History of Annapolis. 341 
 
 Aldermen shall thereupon direct the real estate to be sold by the Col- 
 lector for the payment of the said taxes, after giving notice in the 
 public newspapers in the same manner as Collectors of County and 
 State Taxes are required to do. 
 
 Sec. 66. The property in the City of Annapolis belonging to the 
 •Corporation is exempt from any tax to be levied by Anne Arundel 
 County. 
 
 Sec. 67. No ordinance of the Corporation shall impose a fine of 
 more than twenty dollars for any one offence, or authorize a commit- 
 ment to jail for more than thirty days at one time. 
 
 Sec. 68. All fines, penalties, and forfeitures for violation of any 
 ordinance of the Corporation may be recovered before the Mayor, 
 Counsellor, or some one of the Aldermen, or a Justice of the Peace ; 
 and the Mayor, Counsellor, or Aldermen, or Justice, may commit the 
 oflEender until the fine is paid, or lie be discharged in due course of 
 law. 
 
 Sec. 69. If any ordinance shall give part of a fine or penalty to 
 the informer, or if such fine or penalty be discretionary, the judgment 
 of the ol-Seer imposing the fiiie or deelaring the penalty, shall specify 
 how much of such fine or penalty sliall be to the use of the Corpor- 
 ation, and liow much to the informer. 
 
 Sec. 70. Xo ordinance of the said Corporation shall be binding 
 on persons who do not reside in the said city, until the same shall 
 have been published in some newspaper of the said city, unless in 
 case of wilful and intentional violation of said ordinance after notice 
 •thereof. 
 
 Sec. 71. The said Corporation shall pass no ordinance that shall 
 be contrary to law. 
 
 Sec. 72. The inhabitants of the said city, and all persons holding 
 property therein, shall be competent witness in all actions arising 
 under the Charter or Ordinances of said city, if exempt from all other 
 •exceptions t'lan that of interest as an inhabitant of said city, or mem- 
 ber of said Corporation. 
 
 Sec. 7o. All that }>-AYt of the Charter of the City of Annapolis 
 which eives to the Mayor, Counsellor, or Aldermen the power of 
 holding a Court of Hustings within said city, and all other parts of 
 said Charter repugnant to. or inconsistent with, the provisions of this 
 Article in relation to the City of Annapolis, are repealed. 
 
 Sec. 74. The public lands and buildings heretofore purchased and 
 built by this State or Anne Arundel County, in said city, are reserved 
 and continued forever to the uses to which they have bt-en allotted, 
 and the Judges of the several Courts which have usually held tlieir 
 courts in the said city in the public Court House thereof, shall and 
 may continue to do so: and the Justices, Coinmissione-s. and Sheriff of 
 Anne Arundpl County, shall have, hold, and exercise the jurisdiction 
 in as full and ample manner in the saiJ city as heretofore. 
 
 Sec. 246. It s lall not be lawful for any person to carry con- 
 cealed, in Annapolis, whether a resident thereof or not, any pistol, 
 -dirk-knife, bowie-knife, sling-shot, billy, ivizor; brass, iron or other 
 metal knuckles, or any other deadly weapon, under a penalty of a fine 
 of not less than three, nor more than ten dollars in each case, in the 
 discretion of the Justice of the Peace before whom the same may be 
 tried, to be collected as other fines and penalties are now collected. 
 'provided, the provisions of this section shall not apply to any officer
 
 342 " T H E A N C I E N T C 1 T Y . " 
 
 of the law, either of the State or City, where any pistol or other weapon 
 is a part of the prescribed outfit of said ofiBcer ; iii\d provided further, 
 that either party, fteliug aggrieved at the decision ol iLe paid Justice 
 of the Peace, shall have the riglit to apjital to the Circuit Court of 
 Anne Arundel County. 
 
 CHAPTEii 4il«. 
 
 AN ACT to enlarge the powers of il:e Mayor, Coimsollor, and Alder- 
 men of the city of Annapolis, Ijy adding certuin stcUons to the 
 chatter of said city relating to puljlie cemeteiies, and the acqui- 
 sition ol laud Ly Sijd corporaiiuu lor thai purpose, and the regu- 
 lation thereoi, anu the construction and maintenance of roads 
 and bridges leading thereto. 
 Section 1. He it enacted by the General Asserahly of Maryland, 
 That the following sections be and the same heieby are added to the 
 Code of Public Local Laws of Maryland, title "Anne Arundel 
 county," sub-title "Anuapohs," to be known as sections seventy- 
 five, seventy-six, seventy-seven, and seventy-eight, of said title and 
 sub- title: 
 
 Sec. 75. The mayor, counsellor, and aldermen of the city of An- 
 napolis, shall be authorized and empowered, in their discretion, to ac- 
 quire by puici.ase, condemnation, gitt, or grant, torthej/urposes of a 
 public ctnietery or cemeteries tor said city, so much land either within- 
 or without the limits of said city as they may consider necessary ; and 
 also to make such ordinances, by-laws, rules, or regulations relative to 
 the same, ai,d to the public cemeteries belonging to said city, or 
 within its hmits, as may by them be deemed right and proper. 
 
 Sec. 7(i. If the said nayor, counsellor, and aldermen ol the city of 
 AnnapoJis caiinot agiee with the owner or owners of the land so sought 
 to be acquiied lor the puri'Oseaioresaid, ior tiio puicLi.sc ci the same, 
 the said major, counsellor, and aldermen shall be authorized to pro- 
 ceed to condemn said land tor the purposes afoiesaiu. in manner as 
 provided by tec;ions one hundred and seventy, one huiitired and .sev- 
 enty-one, ore Luiidreu aid seventy-two, one hundiec anu seventy- 
 three, one hnndud and seventy-lour, and one hv.ndrea and seventy- 
 five of chapter lour hundred and seventy-one, of the acts passed by 
 the general assembly ol Maryland at the January session, eighteen 
 bundled lau siity-eiglit, and all the rights, po\vers, ana privileges 
 '^J^^'^^^^td by sait. sections upon the coi potation therein mentioned, 
 shall be detmea applicable to and vested in said mr.) or, counsellor, and 
 aldermen lor the purposes of this act. 
 
 Sec. 77. The said mayor, counsellor, and aldenr.en shall be author- 
 ized to open ict.ds, ways, or streets to said cemetery or cemt leries, and 
 comltmn prcpeiiy loi that puiiose under thepov.eu conlened by the 
 preceding sectioi s oi this act, oi to acquire tiiie ic the land necessary 
 lor that purj^ose by purchase, gift or grant, as picviucd by said sec-
 
 History of Annapolis, 343 
 
 tions ; and they shall furthermore be authorized to erect or construct 
 bridges over the navigable vraters of College creek or of Spa creek, 
 on either side of said city, for convenience of access to such cemetery 
 or cemeteries. 
 
 Sec. 78. The said mayor, counsellor, and aldermen shall be author- 
 ized to lay oil into burial lots the land required by them under this 
 act, and to lease, sell, and convey said lots as they may deem right 
 and proper. They shall be authorized to make all such rules and 
 regulations, relative to the maintenance and use of such roads and 
 bridges as may be constructed by them under the provisions of this 
 act as they may deem expedient, in the same manner as by existing 
 laws they can make and enforce relative to public streets within said 
 city. 
 
 Sec. 2. And be it enacted, That this act shall take effect from the 
 date of its passage. 
 
 Approved April 8, 1884.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 ■(:o:)- 
 
 Abuse of the house by Ed- 
 ward Ii]rberry 41 
 
 A brief stnig2:le 57 
 
 Abigail and Nancy 125 
 
 Abraham Lincoln, election of. 284 
 
 Abbott, Wm. M 324 
 
 Abridgement of Fr. White's J.327 
 Acknowledgement can be tak.338 
 
 Acadians in Annapolis 119 
 
 Act of attainder of R. Clarke. 85 
 Accomplislimonts of Annapo. 91 
 Act of Assembly on charter. . 93 
 
 Acton, Richard 19 
 
 Act of Assembly to punish In- 
 dians I'nr murder 22 
 
 Academy of King William 80 
 
 Acts against Quakers repealed 44 
 Act to bui'd State House and 
 
 prison at rit. Mary's 59 
 
 Accessibleness of St. Mary's.. 60 
 
 Acton's Cove (53 
 
 Advance of Gov. Stone's fore. 33 
 Address of Mayor, &c., of St. 
 
 Mary's 58 
 
 Advantages of St. Mary's.... 60 
 
 Addison, Col. John 78 
 
 Admittance to the House 92 
 
 Addison, Col. Thomas 96 
 
 Addition to Annapolis called 
 
 New Town 97 
 
 Addition to the city of Annap. 97 
 Advertisement in the Gazette. 99 
 
 Adultery 101 
 
 Admiralty, court of, at Annapll4 
 
 Adams Express Office 147 
 
 Adverse Meeting 166 
 
 Adventures cargo refused land- 
 ing 17G 
 
 Adams, Lieut. Col. Peter. . . .188 
 Address of Annapolis to 
 
 V^-ashington 193 
 
 Address of A. to Gen. Greene. 195 
 
 Addresses to La Fayette 190-7 
 
 Address of Council of State 
 
 to Washington 302 
 
 AdJress of A. to Washington.203 
 
 Address of State to Wash 203 
 
 Address of Washington 206 
 
 Address of Gen. Mifflin to W.207 
 Advantages of St. John's Col. 211 
 
 Adams, Thomas 229 
 
 Address to La Fayette 239 
 
 Additions to Naval Acaderay266-7 
 Advantage of Naval Academy 
 
 to Annapolis 268 
 
 A Disastrous Accident 321 
 
 Advertiser, Anne Arundel. ,324-5 
 
 Adams, Fuchard 168 
 
 A. & E. R. Railroad 262 
 
 A Notable Bowl 309 
 
 A. &■ E. R. R. pays to State. ..313 
 A. tL B. Short Line R....320, 323 
 AUirmative commands urged . 27 
 Affirmed, charter of Annap.... 93 
 
 African slavery 108 
 
 Affray at Annapolis 151 
 
 Affability of Gov. Eden 154 
 
 Agonts fail to receive orders... 57 
 Aged rector to drop into grave 73 
 
 Agricultural fair grounds 159 
 
 Age of poplar on College 
 Campus 309
 
 34G 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 A Galaxy of Annapolitans... .275 
 Allen Rev. B., a notorious 
 
 pastor 72 
 
 All Saints Parish rector of 
 
 being dead 72 
 
 Allen, Eev. Mr. gives with 
 
 lavish hand 72 
 
 Allen, Mr. rec. of 2 parishes 72 
 Allen, Rev. Mr. personal chas- 
 tisement ot: 72 
 
 Allen, Rev. Mr. mobbed.. ... 72 
 Allen, Rev. M. resigns All 
 
 Saints 71 
 
 Allen, Rev. resigns St. Anne's 71 
 Allen, Rev. returns to Eng.. 73 
 Allen, Rev. Mr. challenges L. 
 
 Dulany 72 
 
 Allen, Rev. kills L. Dulany. . 72 
 Allen, Rev. dies in poverty 72 
 Allen, Rev. Mr. gifted but 
 
 degraded 73 
 
 All Saints, Calvert county 10 
 
 Aldermen of Annapolis, 1708. SO 
 Allen, Mr. writes oi St. Anne'slOS 
 
 Allison, Patrick 200 
 
 Alk-man, Wii'iam 1G8 
 
 Alexander, Charles 210 
 
 Allyne, Capt , — 111 
 
 All America iu a flame IG-l 
 
 Alumni of St. John's 215 
 
 Almshouse bnnied 324 
 
 Alexander, \Ym.... 225, 23i3, 239 
 Alarms of citizens of A. .234, 23S 
 
 Alms House 257 
 
 Alexander, Thos. S 2'j3 
 
 Alms House of A. A. Co., 207 
 
 Altham, Fcilher 381 
 
 Alkman, Wm IfJS 
 
 Alleys, powers over 338 
 
 Amerciaments, fines, forfeit- 
 ures 107 
 
 American women, beauty of. .140 
 
 American Company 140 
 
 American ladies, ease of 142 
 
 American Com. of Comedians. 147 
 
 American House 301 
 
 American tobacco 127 
 
 Amateur Dramatic. A. N. A . . 320 
 Amendment to City Charter. .342 
 
 Annapolis Town 18 
 
 Annapolis, Poit of 19 
 
 Anne Arundel Co., formed... 21 
 Anne Arundel named iu honor 
 of Lady Anne .Vi'undel ... 31 
 
 Anne Arundel changed to Co. 
 
 of Providence 31 
 
 Anne Arundel men 34 
 
 Anne Arundel required to sub. 36 
 
 Annarundel 37 
 
 Anne Arundel County 39 
 
 Annapolis. 34, 35, 40, 57, 58, 
 
 63, 63. 68, 72, 78, 82, 
 
 95, 97. 
 Annapolis, not as large as St- 
 
 Mary's 57 
 
 Anne Arundel Town, (now 
 
 Annapolis, ) 57 
 
 Annapolis, remv'l. of Capital. 55 
 Annapohs has forty dwelling 
 
 houses 57. 
 
 Annapolis, State House ia 57 
 
 Annapolis, Free School iu 57 
 
 Annapolis, good lodgings in. . 57 
 Annapolis has two market 
 
 days in a week 57 
 
 Anne Arundel Town 58 
 
 Annapolis, Records reach.. 02, 78 
 
 Anne Arundel County 63 
 
 Anne Arundel Town, a port 
 
 of entry. . 63 
 
 Annapolis puts on its honors. 63 
 Annapolis give its pres. name . . 63 
 Annapolis, rules and orders.. 63, 
 
 64. 
 
 Annapolis, gates of 64 
 
 Annapolis. Town Clerk to keep 
 
 his pai)ers in 66 
 
 Annapolis, busy times iu 68 
 
 Annapolis, First Muyor of 76 
 
 Ancient comrauniori ves.<els.. 77 
 Annapolis, nicm. residing i;:.. 79 
 xiunapolis. 3nd State House Li 80 
 Annapolis, printed charter of. 80 
 Annapolis, attera];t to burn.. . 81 
 Anr/apolis, piov that j^truck. . . 82 
 Annapolis, attempt upon Town 
 
 of 82 
 
 Annapolis is made a City 85 
 
 Annapolis has two deiegates.. 85 
 Annapolis merged iu A. A, C. 86 
 Annapolis reduced to cue del- 85 
 Annapolis loses it.s delegation. 85 
 Annapolis cont'd, as Capital.. 86 
 Annapolis, petition of Cor. of. 86 
 Annapolis wants a charter. . . . 86 
 Annapolis wiint.s delegates. , . . 86 
 Annapolis, Connuua Council- 
 man of, 1708 87
 
 INDEX. 
 
 347 
 
 Annapolis, Aldermen of SO 
 
 Annapolis, Charter of , grautid ^7 
 Annapolis, Charter or City ot 87 
 Annapolis, "ti A'ery pleasant 
 
 healthful comd. place.". . 87 
 Annapolis, town and port of. . 87 
 
 Annapolis, Sheriff for 89 
 
 Anne Arundel, Sheriff for. ... 89 
 Anne, by the Grace of God, &c. 87 
 An ia{)olis, Free-holders oi — 89 
 Aniiai;-olis, two fairs yearly in. 90 
 Annapolis on the advance. ... 91 
 Annapolis, accomplishments of 91 
 Annapolis, French writer on. . 91 
 Annapolis, described in verse . 92 
 
 Annapolis, desciiption of 92 
 
 Annnpolis, delegates denied.. 92 
 Annapolis, com plaints from. . 92 
 
 Annapolis, port of 94 
 
 Annapolis, shipping of 95 
 
 Annaijolis, members of port of 90 
 
 Annapolis, prospect to 9G 
 
 Ani;ai)olis, Corporation of. . . . 96 
 
 Annapolis, area of 97 
 
 Annapolis, addition to. 97 
 
 Anne Arundel, Schools of 97 
 
 Annapolis, Public School iu.. 98 
 
 Anderson, Ether 102 
 
 Annapolis in 1745 102 
 
 Annapolis, delep;ates of 102 
 
 Annapolis, a severe storm in.. 10-3 
 
 Annapolis a centuiy old 108 
 
 Annapolis, chief trade at 109 
 
 Annapolis, anrora borealis in. 109 
 Annapolis, chrouicies irom 
 
 1740 to 1773 109 
 
 Annapol!;-, inportr.nce of 109 
 
 Annapoli.-., by-laws oi; 174'j. . .109 
 Annapolis, Whitfield visits. . .110 
 Annapolis, manufacture of 
 
 osnabrigs , Ill 
 
 Annapolis to Kent Island 112 
 
 Annapolis, Admiralty Court a t.l 14 
 Annapolis, prison at, guarded. 114 
 
 Annapolis, gallows at 114 
 
 Anm.polis, convicts arrive at. 110 
 
 Annapolis, robbery in 117 
 
 Annapolis, fortified 117, IIK 
 
 Annapolis,Earthquake in 1755, 
 
 1758, 1772 118,120, 121 
 
 Annapolis, Acadians in 119 
 
 Annapolis, small-pos iu 119 
 
 Annapolis, gang of miscreants 
 
 in 120 
 
 Annapolis, pillory in 131 
 
 Annapolis, old clock, old hall. 122 
 Annapolis, Capital 50 years. 127 
 
 Annapolis, Latin notes in 127 
 
 Anna[)olis, Colfee Plouse. .130, 221 
 
 Annapolis, clubs in 131 
 
 Anniversaries of clubs 134 
 
 Annapolis loyal to England. .136 
 Anniversary of King observed. 137 
 
 Annapolis, emigrants to 137 
 
 Annapolis, electricity in 1749.138 
 Annapolis, Masons e»tab. in.. 138 
 
 Annapolis Theatre 139, 226 
 
 Annapolis belles 140 
 
 Ancient City 146 
 
 Annapolis outlives raillery. . .145 
 
 Annapolis, stamp act in 149 
 
 Annapolis and li. f; '^. L. . . . 157 
 Annapolis, Wash. & B. li. pep.159 
 Annapolis entrenclied. 1755.. 160 
 
 Annex to State Library 164 
 
 Annapolis, in Dec. of Indepd.164 
 Annai)olis, during Ke volution. 165 
 Annapolis sym[>utaizes with 
 
 Boston Itio 
 
 Anderson, John 167 
 
 Annis, Robert 167 
 
 Anderson, J. 11 168 
 
 Anne Arundel 172 
 
 Annapolis deserted, i'i75 ....175 
 Annapolis, consternation in. .177 
 
 Annapolis, Associators of 181 
 
 Annapolis blockaded 187 
 
 Annapolis after lie volution. . . 192 
 Annapolis, a city of ii;:portancel93 
 Annapolis wants o be the 
 
 Capitol of tlK- 1. S 198 
 
 Anuapolis and t're..uou 200 
 
 Annapolis cpiaisit &:i.greeable.201 
 Anuapolis, addre^^.^ of, to 
 
 Washhigton 203 
 
 Annapolis. Wash.'s reply to. .203 
 Annapolis from 17 < . to 1810.230 
 Annapolis first to umke silver 
 
 coin 320 
 
 Annapolis, commerce of i?33 
 
 Annapolis .J oukey C 1 u o 233 
 
 Ancient llegime di.->-.p,)ears. ..228 
 Annapolis during tl.e war of 
 
 1812 .^^S 
 
 Annapolis a niilit'y'^'>^!»P- 233, 238 
 
 Annapolis riflemen 240 
 
 Annapolis hifantry 340 
 
 Annapolis artillery 340
 
 348 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 j^nnapolis, join to 25G 
 
 ^nne Anindel 257 
 
 Anti-Caucns party 258 
 
 Anderson, T .....258 
 
 Annapolis & Potomac Canal 
 
 Company 260 
 
 Ancient Landmark burnt. . ..273 
 Annapolis, population of .280, 323 
 Annapolis seized by the Fed. 
 
 Government 281 
 
 Anne Arundel, vote in, 1860.281 
 Annapolis, vote of, in 1860. . .281 
 Annapolis & E. E. R. seized. .296 
 Annapolis an important Mili- 
 tary Station 296 
 
 Annapolis has strong secession 
 
 sentiment 297 
 
 Annapolis to rival Baltimore . 297 
 Annapolis Gazette established. 300 
 
 Anne Arundel enrollment 300 
 
 Annapolis, enrollment of 301 
 
 Andrews. .James 304, 316 
 
 Annapolis Pub. School Build- 
 
 ij^o- ... 208 
 
 Anti-Huckster Ticket 313 
 
 A^mapolis witnesses 314 
 
 Annapolis excited over Early's 
 
 invasion 314 
 
 Annapolis fortified 314 
 
 Annapolis Confederates 314 
 
 Annapolis reduced to a post. .315 
 Anne Arundel His. Society. . .320 
 
 Annapolis revenues 320 
 
 Annapolis of the present 323 
 
 Annapolis Glass Works 323 
 
 Annapolis, newspapers of. . . .324 
 
 Annapolis, local option in 325 
 
 An exceeding; great army 326 
 
 Annapolis. Charter of 334 
 
 Anapolis, I'oundaries of 334 
 
 Annapolis City Government. . 15 
 
 Annapolis Vol. Fire Dopt 15 
 
 Annapolis, Mayors of 13 
 
 Approval of State subscription 3 
 Appointment cf Hood, stamp 
 
 officer 149 
 
 Apparition of the Gazette. . . .151 
 Appropriation to St. John's 
 
 suspended 210 
 
 Appropriation to St. John's.214-5 
 
 Appendix 326 
 
 Arrival of Puritans 19 
 
 Articles of Peace and Friend- 
 ship 29 
 
 Arms add Ammunition 32 
 
 Arms, ammunition, taken 36 
 
 Articles against Major Thos. 
 
 Truman 54 
 
 Archives carefully guarded. . . 63 
 Armory near the Court House. 80 
 Armory often used as a ball 
 
 room 80 
 
 Arrest, attachment, or execu- 
 tion 90 
 
 Arrest, stayed at fairs 90 
 
 Area of Annapolis 97 
 
 Arms stolen Ill 
 
 Architectural pretensions. ...128 
 Arrival of Washington in A .193 
 
 Arrival of stamped pajjer 151 
 
 A roytd prisoner 154 
 
 Arrival of Washington at A. .201 
 Arbitraiy character of settle- 
 ment 314 
 
 Area of Naval Academy 267 
 
 A retrospect of two centuries. 274 
 
 Arse-.nvl at Pikeville 295 
 
 Arrest of Basil McNew 300 
 
 Arrest of Sam'l Topper 300 
 
 Arrest of Citizens by Military. 311 
 
 Army, nn exceeding great 326 
 
 Ark, The (note) 328 
 
 Asylum in Maryland 17 
 
 Assembly called by Puritans.. 56 
 Asse;r.'y meets at Ti. Preston's 56 
 
 Ashman, Mr. Geo 78 
 
 Assembly called by beating of 
 
 drum , '. 80 
 
 Assembly dissolved ... 93 
 
 Assize Court 112 
 
 Assizes 144 
 
 Asserter of American privileg.149 
 Assembly at the Liberty Tree. 174 
 
 Associators of Annapolis 181 
 
 Assembly Rooms set on fire... . 800 
 
 Asbury M. E. Church 305 
 
 Association, W's. B. & L 323 
 
 Association, Local Lnproveme325 
 
 Aston, William 166 
 
 Atchison, David 168 
 
 Attendance, members of corp.336 
 Attempt of R. Clarke, to burn 
 
 Annapolis 81 
 
 Attempt upon Town of Anna. 82 
 
 Attainder of R. Clarke 84 
 
 Attainder, act of R. Clarke. ... 85 
 Attachments stayed at fairs.. . 90 
 Athens. The, of America 145
 
 INDEX. 
 
 349' 
 
 Attacks of the Gazette 151 
 
 Attack on the Chesapeake 236 
 
 Attack on Marshal Frey 318 
 
 Attainder, bill of 55 
 
 Authorities alarm'd at couvictsll? 
 Authority to make constables. 89 
 Aurora borealis, at Annapolis. 109 
 Aunt Lucy Smith's House 308 
 
 B 
 
 Banks, Lieut. Richard 25 
 
 Battle of the Severn 33, 332 
 
 Barber, Dr. Luke 34 
 
 Barbarous and cruel manner. . 55 
 Battle Creek, caiiital remov- 
 ed to 56 
 
 Bachelors taxed 71 
 
 Barber. Mr. Wm 78 
 
 Baldwin, John 87-97 
 
 Baltimore county, member of 
 
 Port of Annapolis 90 
 
 Baldwin , Catherine 97 
 
 Barrett, .James, executed 103 
 
 Baltimoreans advertise in An- 
 napolis newspaper 109 
 
 Balto. growing importance.. ..Ill 
 
 Bay, Ferrv. across 112 
 
 Baldwin, Mrs., disc., aged 100.113 
 
 Ball at Slate Ho;i;?o 131 
 
 Balls in Annapolis 1 10 
 
 Balls discontinued during Rev.140 
 
 Bacon, Lieut 180 
 
 Balto. Co.. lands in. 160 
 
 Baltimore Town. ...130, 103,182 
 Banishment, ordered into. . . . .179 
 
 Bay frozen 134 
 
 Baron, Steuben . .203 
 
 Barney. .Jo.shua 203 
 
 Barbecue, first 225 
 
 Barber. .John 228 
 
 Banquet to Wm. Pinkney 200 
 
 Ball, rich and elegant 342 
 
 Baltimore, House 244 
 
 Baltimore 244, 245, 254 
 
 Basis oi representation 245 
 
 Bagot. Hon . Henry 253 
 
 Bassford, Mr 253 
 
 Bache, Lieut ..254 
 
 Barber. John T 25o-G 
 
 Baldwin, Wm. P 257 
 
 Baldwin, Mrs. aged 100 3G4 
 
 Baldwin, Hester 364 
 
 Baldwip , Mrs. Ann .364 
 
 Bancroft, Geo. historian. .3C4-5-6 
 Baltin^ov-jans reply with stones 
 
 and pistols 370 
 
 Barrall, Edward, shot 271 
 
 Baltimore, a rival for 398 
 
 Bayly, Richard P 300 
 
 Basil,,!. S.M 305 
 
 Bates, Willy 305 
 
 Ball room 305 
 
 Barracks of Salvation Army... 306 
 
 Barber, John T., estate of 307 
 
 Barbers and Sundt-y work 314 
 
 Base ball in Annanolis 315 
 
 Barnard, Hy., L."L. D 315 
 
 Bartlett, Mrs. Lieut 320 
 
 Bay Ridge, openin?^ of 333 
 
 Bayard, Thoma.s Fi 334 
 
 Barnes, James 167 
 
 Barber, Chas 167 
 
 Ball, John 167 
 
 Ball, Samuel 167 
 
 Bassiord. Jacoij 361 
 
 Baltimore, Town of 191 
 
 Barnard, Dr. Henry 314 
 
 Belles, of Annapolis 140 
 
 Bedstead in which Washing- 
 ton slept 301 
 
 Bellis, Roger. Capt 399 
 
 Bellis. Wm. IL, Corporal. . . .399 
 
 Belt. Tliomas, the third 170 
 
 Bennett, Richard.. 18,19.35,39,46 
 
 Bennett, Edward 19 
 
 Beniiett, Rev. VZilliam 19 
 
 Bennett and CiailDorne.So, i7,38,56 
 Bennett, Gov. of Virginia. ... 35 
 
 Bennett, Hon. Richra-d 26 
 
 Beard, Ri ..43,49 
 
 Between the dirierenees, Tru- 
 man escr.pe 55 
 
 Bennett, Mr. * Jolia 63 
 
 Beard, Mr. R., plat of Annap. 64 
 Bell and belfry in St. Anne's 69 
 
 Beall, John.. -....70,71 
 
 Beall, Benj 71 
 
 Bennett, John 71 
 
 Bell of St. Anno's tolls its re- 
 
 quiem. 
 
 75 
 
 Bellis, Joseph H., translates 
 epitaph ' 76 
 
 Bell given by Queen Anne 
 burned 77
 
 350 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Beauty of the scenery of A.. 81 
 
 Beard, Nath 87 
 
 Beaid, E., jilat of, burned.... 97 
 
 Bevan, Thomas 117 
 
 Beauty of American women.. . 141 
 Beauties of Autumnal Months.141 
 Bel.-^lii'zzer & Jo.se nh, Cantatas 
 
 of ' 148 
 
 Bewitching of the Lovely 
 
 Xancy. . ^ 158 
 
 Bell of St. Anne's '•■)8 
 
 Beard, Charles '-0 
 
 Beall, Ephraim 248 
 
 Bellis. Roger, loses leg at 
 
 Gettysburg 311 
 
 Bender, (jeo.. conductor 320 
 
 Bills of credit, to build State 
 
 House .....120 
 
 Birth annoiiijccd 137-8 
 
 iiirth of Dauv'hia celebrated.. 194 
 Birthday of Washington cele- 
 brated 2-22 
 
 Birth of Cbas. Carroll, of Car- 
 
 rolltoii 275 
 
 Bigelow. W. 31G 
 
 Bitrtrrr, John 78 
 
 Biit!;day of Queen Caroline. . . 95 
 
 Biblr' Reading 101 
 
 Birthday of Liord Baltimore. ..119 
 Birthday of King, celebrated.119 
 
 Bloclv fellows 32 
 
 Blun;', Mr. Rii^hard ; . . . 40 
 
 Bland, Thomas 68 
 
 HlftcListon. Gov ^... m 
 
 Blad-in. Mr. Wm 09 
 
 Kkden, Mr. Wra., architect 
 
 of second State House. ... 80 
 
 filadtm. Wm 19, 80, 88 
 
 f5lftsphemy, Bovis P. tried for. 113 
 
 gla'ien, Guv. Thomas 104 
 
 pUiden. Got. Thos., speech of. 104 
 gladc-n, Got. and Legislature. 104 
 fjladtia, Got., called to acct. .105 
 Blixdm, Thos. Esq., Gor.. , ..137 
 Blockade of Aimapolis. ...... 187 
 
 filadoa, Gov ,98, 308 
 
 Bladen, Thomas, Bsa 30* 
 
 Blue Light vs. Blue Light. . .S37 
 
 Bloodless Revolution 214 
 
 Blair, Mr. Ed. of the Glol>c. . .963 
 
 Bla'-d, Theodoric 239, 273 
 
 Blake, Capt. comdu't of N. A.291 
 
 Bladen, Thomas 97, 302 
 
 Bland, Chanceller, Theo(Joric.307 
 
 Boardley, Wm...., 86-88 
 
 Bond of Naval Officers 107 
 
 Bohemia River 117 
 
 Boarl of Public Works. . . . .162 
 
 Boston, resolutions about 165 
 
 Boston, sympathy for 168 
 
 Bodkin, The 178 
 
 Bodkin Point 191 
 
 Bord^ey, Stephen, Esq 209 
 
 Boyce. James . . 227 
 
 Bowie, Capt., Mounted Riflem240 
 
 Boast much of power 32 
 
 Bordler, Danid.. 71 
 
 Bouchor, rector of St. Anne's. 75 
 
 Boothby, Edward 78 
 
 Bowie?, Mrs. Rebecca 95 
 
 B 
 
 •ho re 
 
 h 
 
 Uyn. 
 
 Boesseii, Ohi-i-jtian. 
 
 95 
 ....109 
 118, 303 
 collection forlSO 
 
 , 128 
 
 236 
 
 dress to 
 
 241 
 
 253 
 
 258 
 
 365 
 382 
 305 
 308 
 30§ 
 311 
 
 Officers.., 
 
 Bonsall, M 
 Bowl, a no 
 Bovle. Ed. 
 
 Boiid, A. S....... 313 
 
 BoFie. A. E., visit of 316 
 
 Bou&ill. Ilobt. P., death of . ..318 
 
 Bwrnd^irios of Annapolis 334 
 
 Bostsall. Mrs. Eliza, (Note.).. 225 
 British sloop aground ....... .234 
 
 Brooke, Robert 33 
 
 Braves of raising the country. 83 
 Brook?,. Mrs. convicted of 
 
 slander , . . , 47 
 
 Bretton, Wm. clerk. . 49 
 
 Brick clar discovered noar A. 63 
 
 Brjoks, Mr. iipchael 44 
 
 Bridewell, or IIousc of Oor. 64 
 Bray, Dr. Rev. appointed com- 
 missioner 65 
 
 Brown, William..., .68 
 
 Biick school house 78 
 
 Bradley, Mr. Robert 82 
 
 Brereton, Thomas 84 
 
 Brice. John 87 
 
 B , John 87
 
 INDEX. 
 
 351 
 
 Eriscoe, J. burned iu the hand. 103 
 Bretoa, Cape, garrison at.... 105 
 
 Britannia, ship Ill 
 
 Broad Creek, Kent Island. ...112 
 Brevity of account of execu- 
 tion 113 
 
 Bravery of a servant 117 
 
 Brown, John, executed 118 
 
 Bristol, dies aged 135 120 
 
 Brooks, .James 120 
 
 Broomsti'.h kills a man 121 
 
 British tr.ivilier 128 
 
 Breach of promise cases 138 
 
 Brice, James F., 148 
 
 Brig Lovf 'Y Xaney 158 
 
 British so! .is quartered uponl64 
 Braddock. t-ten. in Annapolis. . 160 
 
 Bryan, Charles 166 
 
 Brown, J'.:;a 167 
 
 Brook-s J;i- 167 
 
 Browni'.i- •' 167 
 
 Braithw .1G7 
 
 British- .-175 
 
 Bnce. .. 177, 
 
 181. 
 Bnce, .:• : : ;', 181, 
 
 187. ::?;}. 
 
 British 1 .183,184 
 
 British :. , 188 
 
 Bravery oops.. 188 
 
 Brice. '!-.■■■ 195 
 
 Brown, . 222 
 
 Brice, r 226 
 
 Brewer, 226 
 
 Brewer, i: ...229 
 
 Brewer. ;;>. -.- i;..:,h......229 
 
 Biice, JoLl. ■ f '. .i^fcix 229 
 
 British fire* .'ir ...onapolis 334 
 
 British hover near Annapolis.. 238 
 
 Briee's, Capt. compMny 240 
 
 Brown, Sami. Jr. . t 256 
 
 Bridges over the Severn 257 
 
 Brewer, B. B .259 
 
 Brewer, Nicholas. 263 
 
 Brewer, Nicholas, Judge, 269, 270 
 
 Brady, John W. shot 271 
 
 Brewer, Dr. Wm 273,313 
 
 Brewer, Nicholas, of John. . . .280 
 Brown, Mr. Joshua. 281, 304, 313 
 
 Brown, Geo. Wm 289 
 
 Brewer, Julian, Corporal 299 
 
 Bryan, Wm ,273,301,315 
 
 Brewer, voice of Judge 273 
 
 Brewer, Isaac 304, 313 
 
 Brice, Mrs. James 307 
 
 Bridge over the Spa 313. 318, 324 
 
 Brewer, Nicholas '.310, 320 
 
 Bradley, Father James 321 
 
 Brewer, Juian., 325 
 
 Bridges leading to Annapolis. 342 
 
 Brisk trade with Indians 33 
 
 Burgesses, if they neglect to 
 
 send 33 
 
 Burges, Capt. Wm. put in 
 
 command 38 
 
 Burges', Capt. instructions... 38 
 
 Burgess, Capt. Wm. 39 
 
 Burle, Robert 49 
 
 Burle, Robert, suspended from 
 
 house, confesses penitence 
 
 for slander of Lord Balto. 49 
 Building of State House in A.. 66 
 
 Busy times in Annapolis 08 
 
 Burning of St. Anne's 75 
 
 Butler, Ed, i:c. o"i:t. Anne's 79 
 Butler. : :. W's. 
 
 Sell 79 
 
 Burniu: 81 
 
 Bua's, . 83 
 
 Burning "J u.c ; ji ;s 83 
 
 Bukai-dike, liichaivi 87 
 
 Burge-ises of An:iapo'is have 
 
 half wages. ,. S4 
 
 Bull, riding upon 103 
 
 Burnt iu the hand, J. Briscoe. 103 
 
 Burnt to death . rrj^roes 103 
 
 Bullen, Joh" " 115 
 
 Bucknell, M. , 146 
 
 Burdett ,. ..147 
 
 Burlauu, Richard. 1 G8 
 
 Burt, Richard , 168 
 
 Bull, Cou,stantine "; 168 
 
 Burning of the Peggy Stowartl69, 
 
 170, 
 
 Burgess, John 170,176 
 
 Bulien, John, Capt 170 
 
 Buchanan, Robert. ..". 167 
 
 BuUen, John, 176, 177, 198, 338 
 Burning of Gazette Office. ... 184 
 
 Bulien, John, Mayoi* 193 
 
 Buckland, Mr. Benj. 224 
 
 Burning of Alms-house 234 
 
 Bullitt, Thomas 1 235 
 
 Burnclon, Joseph. . <> 239 
 
 Bush, Hy. H. 363 
 
 Buchanan, Fied, Commodore.366 
 Buchanan's prcclamatioa. . . .283 
 Butler, Gen. lands troops in A. 385
 
 352 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Butler, B. F. letters of to Gov. Burnside's expedition rendez- 
 
 Hicks, 291, 392, 293, 294, 395 vous at Annapolis 30a 
 
 Butlerseizes the Constitution. 292 Buckland, Mr 306 
 
 Burning of Parsonage 304 By-Laws of Annapolis, 1746. ..109 
 
 C 
 
 Catholic Proprietary 17 
 
 Capt. Stone's invitation to 
 
 Puritans 26 
 
 Captain Wm. Stone 38, 33 
 
 Capt. Claiborne 39 
 
 Captains and Councillors of 
 
 Susquehannah 30 
 
 Catholics i)rohibited from vot. 31 
 Capt. Fuller & his associates.. 31 
 
 Catholics and Puritans 31 
 
 Capt. Tilman, Golden Fortune 31 
 Carried away tne Records. . . i 33 
 
 Capt. Stone 33, 36 
 
 Capt. Heamans 35 
 
 Calvert County 39 
 
 Capt. Burgess to make war on 
 
 Indians 39 
 
 Calvert, Charles 39, 41 
 
 Calvert. Wm. Esq 40, 41 
 
 Catchpole, Juditn, charged 
 
 with murder 44 
 
 Calvert, once called Patuxeut. 44 
 Catchpole, Judith, acquitted.. 45 
 
 Calvert, Philip, Esq 49 
 
 Capital removed to the Eidge. 56 
 Capital removed to Battle 
 
 Creek 56 
 
 Capital once more settled at 
 
 St. Mary's 56 
 
 Catholics 57 
 
 Catholics, people of St. Maiy's 58 
 Cattle, lio^'s, sheep on the 
 
 common 63 
 
 Carroll, Mr., Ruth's procurator 69 
 
 Calvert, Charles. 70 
 
 Carroll, Chas. biirrister, 71, 161, 
 
 168, 170, 176, 305. 
 
 Camaliel, Butler 73 
 
 Card playing, dancing, drink- 
 ing 75 
 
 Cabals at Annapolis S3 
 
 Carroll,Mr 83 
 
 Capital, Annapolis, C0ntn'd as 86 
 
 Carroll, James 86, 97 
 
 Carroll, Chas. Esq 95 
 
 Caravan to York, &c 100 
 
 Capuchin Friars 101 
 
 Cain, John 103 
 
 Carroll, Dr. Chas. 103, 110, 113, 
 
 117, 119, 160. 
 Called Session of Legislature.. 104 
 
 Cape Breton, Garrison at 105 
 
 Canoe, pinnace for 108 
 
 Canada, three companies go to. 110 
 
 Carroll, Mrs. Mary 112 
 
 Campbell, Capt.'s Company 
 
 act cowardly 113 
 
 Capture of the Hopewell 113 
 
 Carpenter, Capt. John 115 
 
 Calico horse 115 
 
 Campbell, Chas. executed. . . .118 
 
 Carroll and Dulany 131 
 
 Carroll. Chas. of Carrollton. .131, 
 
 170, 173, 176, 18-1, 305, 210,. 
 
 233, 256, 304, 305, 310. 
 Cajjital customs & characters. 133 
 Oantat:is oL Belshazzer and 
 
 Joseph 148 
 
 Capt. Montague and the de- 
 serter 157 
 
 Calvert family 160 
 
 Carroll, Chas 168, 171, 233. 
 
 Carroll, Chas. of Carrollton, 
 
 Esq 176 
 
 Campbell, Colin 167 
 
 Carroll, Chas. of Carrollton, 
 
 proposes to burn Peggy 
 
 Stewart 174 
 
 Campbell, John 177, 181 
 
 Capital of the U. 8 198 
 
 Capital of U. S. temporarily at 
 
 Annapolis 300 
 
 Carroll, Daniel 300 
 
 Carroll, Rev. John 209 
 
 Carr, John Addison 310 
 
 CarroU, Nicholas. ...23;i, 326, 238 
 
 Campbell 333 
 
 Caton, Charles 332 
 
 Caton, Wm 334, 326, 239, 306 
 
 Carston, Thomas 234 
 
 Carroll, James 339 
 
 Caton's Tavern 330, 231 
 
 Carbury, Col 234 
 
 Calvert, G 23C?.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Calm at Annapolis 249 
 
 Caton's Hotel, City 254 
 
 Capital, effort to remove 2o4 
 
 Carroll Thomas H..255, 257, 258 
 
 Canning, Stratford 256 
 
 Carr, Arthur 257 
 
 Caucus party 258 
 
 Canal Company A. &. P 2(50 
 
 Carroll, Chas. moraento to . . .2G3 
 
 Cast loose, the Jewess 270 
 
 Calumny against Judge Brewer272 
 
 Caldwell. D. C 27:3 
 
 Caulk, Daniel. 27o 
 
 Canoe of Indians disappears... 274 
 Carroll, Chas. of Carrollton, 
 
 born at Annapolis 270 
 
 Carroll, Chas. millions of . . . .275 
 Carroll, Chas. removes to Balto.27() 
 
 Cameron, Simon 285, 28(i 
 
 Calvert, Chas. B.'. 299 
 
 Camp Parole 300 
 
 Catholic Church, St. Marv's...304 
 
 easier, M. R 805, 316 
 
 Carroll, Mrs. Nicholas 308 
 
 Cadet vacancy offered for sale. 318 
 Carl, Christopher, foreman.. ..319 
 
 Catholic Priests drowned 321 
 
 Cecilins, Lord Baltimore 62 
 
 Centre of Province 62 
 
 Century oU, Annapolis, a. . . .108 
 Celebration of King's anniver- 
 sary 137 
 
 Celebration of taking of Quebecl 39 
 Celebration ou Treaty of Peace 194 
 
 Celebration of Peace 221 
 
 Celebration of Washington's 
 
 Birthday 222 
 
 Celebration over Peace 239 
 
 Cemeteries, puVjlic 342 
 
 Churchmen of Virginia 17 
 
 Chandler, Job 25-28 
 
 Chesapeake, Bay of.* 29 
 
 Charge fierce, but brief 36 
 
 Charles 1 24 
 
 Chandler, Mayor 36 
 
 Charles county 39 
 
 Chase, J. T 203 
 
 Chandler, I., a goldsmith 220 
 
 Chesapeake 191 
 
 Chinese cure alls, criticism of. 100 
 Chancellor sent to acquaint 
 L. H 51 
 
 23 
 
 Chriterson, Wenlock ... ... 43 
 
 Church, Lower House ready to 
 
 build 08 
 
 Charter wanted by Annap. ... 86 
 
 Charter of A. granted 87 
 
 Charter of the City of An. . . . 87 
 Charter of Annap. affirmed.... 98 
 Charter, act of Assembly on... 93 
 Chronicles of Annapolis 1707 
 
 to 1740 96 
 
 Chronicles of Annapolis from 
 
 1746 to 1774 109 
 
 Chronicles of Annapolis, from 
 
 1777 to 1810 220 
 
 Chronicles of Annapolis, 1810 
 
 to 1839 253 
 
 Chronicles of Annapolis from 
 
 1845 to 1847 273 
 
 Chronicles of Annapolis from 
 
 1860 to 1861 280 
 
 Chronicles of Annapolis from 
 
 1863 to 1887 311 
 
 Church Circle 97 
 
 Chinese stones and powder. . . .100 
 
 Cheap Indulgencies 101 
 
 Character of the education 102 
 
 Church, the 108 
 
 Chapel and Church 108 
 
 Church of England 108 
 
 Changes Spiritual 108 
 
 Chew, Lieut. Jos 112 
 
 Chester, ship 116 
 
 Chew, Capt 118 
 
 Characters and customs of the 
 
 capital 122 
 
 Change in gentlemen's dress... 125 
 
 Chestertown 126 
 
 Chimneys, windows, cornices. 129 
 
 Chester Town ... . 146 
 
 Chase, Samuel 149-198 
 
 Church on north side of Severnl57 
 
 Church on Severn burned 157 
 
 Church St., cove up 157 
 
 Chase, Samuel, Esq 158 
 
 Chase, Sam'1....165, 168, 170, 176 
 Chipchase. Thomas, batcher. .175 
 Channell, between Horn Point 
 
 and Greenbury's 177 
 
 Chesapeake frozen 184 
 
 Chase, Jeremiah 187 
 
 Chase, Judge Sam'l., befriends 
 
 Pinknev 231
 
 354 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Chalmers, John 198. 199 
 
 Chase, Jeremiah T 223 
 
 Chapman, Hy. H 22G 
 
 Chase, Jeremiah T...22(>, 239, 306 
 
 Chesapeake attack on 22'i 
 
 Charter of Annapolis altered . 23U 
 
 Chandler, Jehu '. 233 Claiborne 
 
 Chandler, Mr., Editor of the Clailiorne 
 
 City Hotel 201. 29!). 30.> 
 
 City Tavern 30(> 
 
 Civil War. election duriuir 310 
 
 City Hall 313 
 
 Citizens iiii pressed 314 
 
 City (Toveruinentof Annapolis. 315 
 
 " " \Vm 2(; 
 
 Col. William 3« 
 
 RepiiMican 337 
 
 (Jhandler and Watkins fight. .238 
 Chauncey , Commodore 2.53 
 
 Claiborne. Capt.. 39 
 
 Clerk of lIou.se of Delei^ates... <}(j 
 Clasrarett. Mr. Richard 70 
 
 (Changing charter.... 2.'».") t^larke, Rieliard. to burn A 
 
 Chandler, Jehu, death of 2.5(i 
 
 Chase, Jeremiah Townley 2G0 
 
 (Jhase, Mrs. Jeremiah Townley2t)4 
 
 'Jhase, Mrs. Sam'l '.2(i4 
 
 Chauvelt, Prof 2(>») 
 
 Chase. R. M., dwelling of 20(5 
 
 Chase, Miss Hester 273 
 
 Chesapeake. The 274 
 
 Cheers of Naval Academy bat- 
 talion 282 
 
 Chaney, Andrew E 284 
 
 Chase Mansion, The 306 
 
 Chase, Miss Hester Ann 306 
 
 Chase. Sam'l., Judge 306 
 
 Chandler, Jehu 308, 324 
 
 Chase, Capt. Stephen 310 
 
 Chandler. Jehu 324 
 
 Chapel First, in Md 333 Clubs, gelastic law in 
 
 Charter, The, of Annapolis... .334 Ciub-;. ancieiit doings of 
 Charter, City's, amendment to.342 
 
 Chalmers, John 167 
 
 Chamliers, William 1 68 
 
 Chew, Samuel 170-176 
 
 City of Annapolis Charter of. 87 
 Cities right to erect 92 
 
 Citizens of Long Island mob 
 Hood 150 
 
 Citizens killed by British 
 soldiers 164 
 
 Citizens for Military Cc/mp's...l69 
 
 Citizens desert Annapolis 175 
 
 Citizens ordered into banish- 
 ment 179 
 
 Citizens of Annapolis uphold 
 credit of province 187 
 
 Cincinnati, Society of liJ6 
 
 City Hotel invaded 36!* 
 
 City Election 373 
 
 Citizen, The First 175 
 
 Civil War, opening of 281 
 
 Citizens meeting on the Union. 284 
 
 Civil rights encroached upon. 299 
 
 81 
 
 83 
 83 
 83 
 
 Clarke's Ricuard, crime cry. 
 Clerk, Mr. Richard Dallam'.. 
 Clarke's wife the disijurser. ... 
 (,'larke"s. Richard, personal 
 
 appi'Mraiioe 83 
 
 Clark, attainder of 83 
 
 Clarke's accomplices 83 
 
 Clarke, Rieliard, attainder of. 84 
 Clarke, Richard, probably not 
 
 executed 85 
 
 Clerk, Council, W. Bladen.... 87 
 Clouds. Nicholas, keeps boats. 113 
 
 Collier. John '. 19 
 
 Clergymen of culture 127 
 
 Clubs no new thing in Aui.ai)..l3l 
 
 Clubs in session 131 
 
 Clubs, Anniversaries of 134 
 
 135 
 136 
 
 Claude, Altraham. Mr 149 
 
 Clatide, .Iciseph, arch't killed... 163 
 
 Clapham. John 167, l90 
 
 Claims of .St. Johns, settle- 
 ment of 214 
 
 Clarke. Wm. stage route 231 
 
 Clarke. Charles 223 
 
 Clarke, Joseph 329 
 
 Claude, Dr. D.253, -.^54. 355, 358, 
 360. 261, 384, 297 
 
 Clande, Dr. Aftram 273 
 
 Claude. William Tell 373, 311 
 
 Clayton. P. C 273 
 
 Clavton. Captain 382 
 
 Clehun, Rev. Mr 384 
 
 Clayton, Philip 261.304 
 
 Claude, Dr. Dennis, death of. ..311 
 Claude. Dr. Abram. Mayor.. ..312 
 Clayton, Mr. Louis S. store of-.319 
 
 Classens, Father Louis 331 
 
 Clayton, U'm 167 
 
 Clarke, James 168 
 
 Congregational Church 17
 
 INDEX. 
 
 ■',"1 
 
 Conventicle Vjrokeu up. 17 
 
 Couiity Xeck IS 
 
 C'oin[)any of I'ufitaii? 19 
 
 (,'ox, James 21 
 
 Cox, James, made Speaker of. 
 
 the House 21 
 
 Catlyn. Henry 21 
 
 Commander to grant land war- 
 rants 22 
 
 Colony mentioned in the in- 
 structions 24 
 
 (Commissioners of Md. came 
 
 with armed force 25 
 
 Commissioners revisit Mary- 
 land 25 
 
 (.commissioners of the Commou- 
 
 w-alth 20 
 
 CVjpy of treaty made on Severn. 29 
 (Commissioners counsel oliedie. 27 
 (Council of State in Knglaud.... 28 
 ( ■onucil unwilling to trust Tay- 
 
 lard 85 
 
 Corporation of Annajtolis. peti- 
 tion of SO 
 
 (-'Oramon Couiicilmen of Anna. 87 
 Confirm Baho's patent to him. 82 
 (Colonists to give notice of in- 
 tended war 80 
 
 Commissioners appointed for 
 
 Maryland 80 
 
 Coursey. Mr 34 
 
 (Jole. Josias, bondsman for Mr. 
 
 ; Thurston 88 
 
 Colonial Life -10 
 
 Courts, Records from 40 
 
 Cowman, John, pardoned of 
 
 witchcraft 42 
 
 Courageous spirit of Maryland 
 
 setters 50 
 
 Conquests, His Majesty power 
 
 todispose of 51 
 
 Conquered people likened 51 
 
 Commissioners of Proctors 52 
 
 (commissioners reappointed in 
 
 1G94 , 54 
 
 Coode, John, leader of the A»- 
 
 sociation 57 
 
 Convention held by Coode and 
 
 others 57 
 
 Copley, Sir Lionel, first royal 
 
 Governor 57 
 
 Copley convenes the Legisla- 
 ture ^. 57 
 
 Commissioners of 1694 ()2 
 
 Corporation of St. Mary's peti- 
 tion 57 
 
 Col. Nicholson has done his en- 
 deavor 58 
 
 (Jopley, Gov. enters upon his 
 
 d uties (iO 
 
 (Jo;i(Ch. or caravan, to be pro- 
 vided (iO 
 
 Common, the Town 08 
 
 Cornhill Street 04 
 
 (.Commissioners of A., to make 
 
 by-laws <i4 
 
 (.!onnuittee to build church at 
 
 Annapolis 05 
 
 (Julljach. Joseph, of All Hal- 
 lows 00 
 
 County clerk to keep the county 
 
 records in 0() 
 
 Committee Room (il 
 
 (Joney, ]\Ir. to read prayers be- 
 fore the House 07 
 
 (Joney. Peregrine, master of K. 
 
 W's. School 08 
 
 Coney, Peregrine, rector St. 
 
 Anne's 08 
 
 Coney, Rev. Peregrine, a de- 
 
 fendent 00 
 
 Coney, Mr. has the confidence 
 
 of Governor 09 
 
 Coney's. Rev. Peregrine, serm. 09 
 
 Cole. Charles, 71 
 
 Conden, Robert 71 
 
 Cost 8f St. Anne's in 1792 75 
 
 Communion vessels 77 
 
 (Jouncil of the Province 78 
 
 Coney, Rev, Peregrine 78 
 
 Coursey. Henry 78 
 
 Coiinnittee report old walls 
 
 good SO 
 
 Court House SO 
 
 Council Chamber 81 
 
 Contee, Col. Richard 82 
 
 Conspiracy 82 
 
 (^Counterfeit money 82 
 
 (,'ooper 88 
 
 County pardon 88 
 
 (Jommon Council to be t^n per- 
 sons 89 
 
 (Constables, authority to make 89 
 (Common Councilmen of Aniiap 89 
 
 (Jourte of Pypo wdry 90 
 
 Court of Record 9l 
 
 Cook, Eden, gent 9l 
 
 Complaints from Annapolis.... 92
 
 356 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Courts to continue in AnHapo. 98 
 
 Corporation of Annapolis 96 
 
 Counties, schools in 97 
 
 Colebatch, Rev. Mr. Jos 97 
 
 Compilation of Laws 97 
 
 Coaimun. Romish, persons of .103 
 Controversy between Governor 
 
 Bladen and Legislature. ..104 
 Corporation by-laws of 1740... 109 
 Companies, three, go to CanadallO 
 
 Convoy, fleet under Ill 
 
 Cole, Capt. German Ill 
 
 Coulter, Capt Ill 
 
 Council House, villians broke 
 
 into Ill 
 
 Cowardice of Capt. Campbell's 
 
 company H'^ 
 
 Coulborn, Capt 113 
 
 Cornish, Thomas, Capt 114-115 
 
 Court of Admiralty at Annua. 114 
 Convicts arrive at Annapolis. 116 
 
 Conncts commit crimes 116 
 
 Cole, Charles, robbed 117 
 
 Conner, John, convict 117 
 
 Courteous convict 117 
 
 Convicts, authorities alarmed. 117 
 Court House struck by light- 
 ning 119 
 
 Collection for sufferers in Bos. 120 
 
 Colonial Society, ranks of 126 
 
 Colonial mansions 128 
 
 Cornices, windows, chimneys... 129 
 
 Coffee House, Annapolis 130 
 
 Cole, Mr. Charles 133-134 
 
 Conundrums of Tuesday club.. 135 
 Courage of the Mary landers... 143 
 Commission, description by 
 
 Naval, of Annapolis 145 
 
 I'orapany of comedians from 
 
 Va.*. 140 
 
 Comedians, American com- 
 pany of 147 
 
 Courtesy of Governor Eden.... 152 
 Convention of Maryland. 176, 154, 
 
 222 
 Claiborne, Secretary ofVa... 52 
 
 Committee of safety 155 
 
 Congress urges Gov. Eden's 
 
 seizure 155 
 
 Confiscation of Gov. Eden's 
 
 property 157 
 
 Cove up Church St 157 
 
 Col. Plater's Grey Stallion 159 
 
 Coxen, Nicholas, Capt 159 
 
 Companies from Anna, against 
 
 French 160 
 
 Corner stone of State House. ..161 
 
 Convention of five States 163 
 
 Court of Appeals 163 
 
 Committee of the Provin-;'?... .168 
 
 Convention 169 
 
 Correspondence, private ex- 
 amined 175 
 
 Committee of observation. 176, 178 
 Council of safety 177,. 178, 179,181, 
 
 182. 
 Consternation in Annapolis... .177 
 
 Count Pulaski's legion 184 
 
 Congress orders a monument 
 
 toDeKalb 186 
 
 Count Rochambeau 194 
 
 Continental currency 200 
 
 Congress settles seat of govern- 
 ment 200 
 
 Council of State, address of, to 
 
 Washington 203 
 
 Council of State, Washington's 
 
 reply to 202 
 
 Congress 206 
 
 College, St. John's 208 
 
 College, Washington 208 
 
 Commencement, first of St. 
 
 John's 210 
 
 Condition of grant to St John's. 209 
 
 Connell, John, Mr 212 
 
 College, Presid't, of St. John's. 213 
 College seized by government. 2 14 
 Correspondeiice of Washing- 
 ton, alx)ut St. John's Col- 
 lege 219 
 
 College, St. John's, and Wash. 219 
 
 Court of Appeals 220 
 
 Col. Mills, 221 
 
 Commerce of Annapolis 222 
 
 Cockey, Edward 222 
 
 Coates, John 223 
 
 Coats, Thomas 224 
 
 Counterfeits on Farmers Bank. 227 
 
 Court of Hivstings 228, 230 
 
 Counden, Robert 168, 228 
 
 Corporation, election 335 
 
 Corporation of Annapolis, pow- 
 ers of 336 
 
 Contents 9 
 
 Competent witnesses 341 
 
 Construction of roads to Anna. 342 
 Construction of bridges to An. 342 
 Cooke, William 160
 
 INDEX. 
 
 35? 
 
 Conner, M. W 261 
 
 Committee of Public Safety 
 
 meeting 397 
 
 Company of secession youths... 297 
 Confederate prisoners in Anna299 
 
 College Green 302 
 
 Colton, Luther F 306, 324 
 
 College Campus, poplar on 308 
 
 College of Electors 245 
 
 Correspondence of Elector. ..245, 
 
 246, 247 
 
 Corncracker , Jenny 252 
 
 Cooke, Geo. Frederick 253 
 
 Company of Pennsylvanians...253 
 Colonization of free colored... 254 
 Conflict bet. State and U. S. .255 
 Court House in Annapolis. . . .256 
 
 Cowman, Richard 272 
 
 Contest of i860 281 
 
 Contee, John 283 
 
 Correspondence of Gov. Hicks 
 
 and Government 285 
 
 Constitution seized by Butler.. 292 
 Collation given by Lloyd Du- 
 
 lany 309-310 
 
 Counter of Old City Hotel 309 
 
 College, St. .John's 312 
 
 Colored people enlisted 313 
 
 Convention of 1864 313 
 
 Constitution of 1864 313 
 
 Colton, Geo 316, 324 
 
 Collector and Treasurer of An. 320 
 
 Cromwell, Nathan 222 
 
 Crowder, Elizabeth, servant.. 261 
 Cromwell and the American 
 
 plantations 24 
 
 CromweU's elevation, view of. 27 
 
 Cromwell's two letters 32 
 
 Cromwell 34 
 
 Cry of St. Mary's men 36 
 
 Cry of Puritans 36 
 
 Creek up King Geo. St.. (note) 64 
 
 Cropped negro ' s ear 95 
 
 Crowder, Elizabeth 1 00 
 
 Criticism of Chinese cure all... 101 
 
 Cruelties upon criminals 102 
 
 Criminals, cruelties upon 102 
 
 Croftis, Capt 110 
 
 Cregh, Capt Ill 
 
 Cralas, terrapins, canvas-back 
 
 ducks 127 
 
 Crabb, Richard J 260-261 
 
 Cried the hours 325 
 
 Crinnig, David 168 
 
 Cross, .Joshua 168 
 
 Commission to Edward Lloyd. 21 
 Commissioners of Anne Arun. 21 
 
 Cuts, Capt 35 
 
 Curate of St. James 72 
 
 Custom House, lot for 98 
 
 Culture and refinement 109 
 
 Cuffee executed for horse 
 
 stealing / 116 
 
 Cumberford, Mrs., stabbed to 
 
 death 120 
 
 Curious items published 121 
 
 Customs and characters of the 
 
 capital 122 
 
 Customs of the times, 1765... 124 
 
 Culture, clergymen of 127 
 
 Custom house of Annapolis... . 130 
 
 Curious Executioners 138 
 
 Carran, Mr. Philip 212 
 
 Custis, Geo. W. Parke 220 
 
 Curran, William B 263 
 
 Curtain, Gov. A., of Pa 295 
 
 Curfew-bell in A 325 
 
 Customs of Indians 334 
 
 Crawford, James, killed by 
 
 lightning 67 
 
 Crawford. James 78 
 
 Crime of Richard Clarke 83 
 
 Crowley. Charles 86 
 
 D 
 
 Davis, George Lyiiu Lacklin. . 18 
 Davenant, Wm. appointed 
 
 Governor 24 
 
 Darrington, Wm 45 
 
 Davis, Caleb 71 
 
 Davis, .John 71 
 
 Dark day for St. Anne's 75 
 
 Daken, Isaac, Master of K. 
 
 William's School 80 
 
 Dallam, Mr. Rich. Clerk 83 
 
 Damnat'n, inquisit'n, flames. . 101 
 
 Dancing and Fencing 126 
 
 Darby 147 
 
 Davidson, John. 170, 198, 199,230 
 Dartmouth College decision in. 213 
 
 Dance, Thomas 224 
 
 Davis. Thomas 226 
 
 Dalziell, Thomas 229
 
 358 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Davidson, Lieut 242 
 
 Davis. E. A. Mr 269, 273 
 
 Davis. John M 273 
 
 Davis, William 273 
 
 Davenport, Rev. Mr 284 
 
 Davidson, Mrs. sent across line. 312 
 
 Davidson, Lieut. Hunter 312 
 
 Danenhower, Lieut. John AY. 321 
 
 Davis, Saml 324 
 
 Davis, Benj 170 
 
 Dead bodies floating in dock.. 120 
 
 Delegates in the province 143 
 
 Devotees of fashion 144 
 
 Description ot A., Iiy Xaval 
 
 C'onnnission 14." 
 
 Departure of Gov. Eden re- 
 quired 15o 
 
 ])eparture of Gov. Eden 1~)0 
 
 Desertion of a soldier 1 •")7 
 
 De Lancy, of New York KiU 
 
 Declaration of Independence. ..104 
 
 Delegates to Congress 109 
 
 Declaration of Maryland IsQ 
 
 Delegates. Declaration of ISO 
 
 De Kallvs death lS(j 
 
 Deye, ThomasC 197 
 
 Dedication of St. John's Col- 
 lege 209 
 
 Detargny. Mr. Marin 212 
 
 Decision, Dartmouth College... 21 3 
 
 Denning, James 224 
 
 Denning, Robert 22.") 
 
 Democrats 244. 2.50 
 
 Delegates to the Hou.se 250 
 
 Democrats of Anne Arundel. .301 
 
 Dennis, Rev. Alex 305 
 
 Demidorf, Russi'n sjiilor, killod312 
 
 Development of ills 31 4 
 
 Decoration, Joint of graves,...3!5 
 
 Deale. Ja^ues, of Jas 315 
 
 Detective Shaffer 318 
 
 Description of natives of Md. . 33i 
 
 Devenith, Wm 167 
 
 Descended from the hardy 
 
 stock 19 
 
 Desperate and bloody fellows. 32 
 
 Declaration of Gov. Stone 34 
 
 Deputys of Calvert 44 
 
 Deputys of Anne Arnndel... 44 
 Delegates constrained to com- 
 plain 54 
 
 Designation of rooms in State 
 
 House 60 
 
 Denton, Vachel 70, 98 
 
 Dent. William 78 
 
 De Kalb Statue 78, 186, 324 
 
 Designs, givat and dangerous. 83 
 
 Devall, .John 83 
 
 Delegates, two from Annaj).... 85 
 Delegates, none from Annap... 85 
 Delegate, one from Anna[polis. 85 
 
 Delegates, Annapolis wants 86 
 
 Delegates, mode electing 86 
 
 Delegates, estate of 89 
 
 Description of Annapolis 92 
 
 Delegates, from Anna, denied. 92 
 
 Debtors in -lail 98 
 
 Deptford. procession at 101 
 
 Delegates of Annapolis 103 
 
 Displeasure of Charles II 24 
 
 Dislionorof Almighty God 54 
 
 Dissohition of As.seml>ly 93 
 
 Dimensions of the Gazette 98 
 
 Di.si)ute between Gov, Bladen 
 
 and Legislature 105 
 
 Di.spute between Dulanv and 
 
 Carroll ' 131 
 
 Discussion of ladies dress 12(> 
 
 Division amongst the colonistsl55 
 Dinwiddle. Gov. in Anmip....l60 
 Dimensions of the State llousel03 
 Dinner to Washington. ...192, 203 
 
 205, 21 S. 
 
 Diggs, George 209 
 
 Diliiculty to secure meeting. ..209 
 Dissipat'n alleged at St. J oh s.211 
 Disajjpearance of the Ancient 
 
 Regime 328 
 
 Dissensions, interna! 234 
 
 Disloyalty, on election day. . .311 
 
 Devins. H. T. Conductor 330 
 
 I)isa.strous Accident, A 331 
 
 Docum'sand records removed. 56 
 Dorsey, Major, EdwaM.(i3, 04, 302 
 
 Dorsey, Mr. -lolm 63 
 
 Dorsey, Ed ward , fined 69 
 
 Dorsey, Edward 78 
 
 Donations to free schools 78 
 
 Donera, Tho 87 
 
 Doctor Street 97 
 
 Donnahoe, drowned 114 
 
 Dock, dead bodies floating in. 130 
 
 Dobinton. Ralph 121 
 
 Dobbins, Capt. .Tames 126 
 
 Dorsey, Mr. Speaker, of club. ..136 
 Doings of the ancient clubs... .136 
 
 Dogworthy, Capt 160 
 
 Dome of State House added.... 161
 
 INDEX. 
 
 359 
 
 porsey. Thomas 16S, 170, 176 
 
 Dooly's, ('apt. company 240 
 
 Dooly. Capt ". S43 
 
 Dorsey , Thomas B 256 
 
 Dowlin, P.. foreman 320 
 
 Dolman . Jacob V. Capt 320 
 
 Dove, The. (Note,) 338 
 
 Donaldson, John 167 
 
 Dogan, Edward 167 
 
 Dowson, Joseph 168 
 
 Dorsey, Philip 170 
 
 Dorsey, Ely, Sir 170 
 
 Dorsey, Caleb 170,170 
 
 Dorsey. John, son of Michael. 17() 
 
 Dorsey, Daniel 261 
 
 Drunkenness, Swearing, False 
 
 Reports 31 
 
 Draper. Lawrence 68 
 
 Drollery, acrnrs ])layed with. ..102 
 
 Drew lots who should kill 102 
 
 Drinking pretender's health... 110 
 Drowning of Vickers, Fish, 
 
 Doimahoe 1 14 
 
 Dress of the times, 1765 124 
 
 Dress, gentleman's, change in.lJ5 
 
 Dress, ladies, discussed 126 
 
 Dress, heirlooms 127 
 
 Drinking of pretender's healtli 
 
 punished 137 
 
 Drama ])atronized by Governor 
 
 Eden .■ 140 
 
 Dramas 146 
 
 Drama poorly .-sustained 1 48 
 
 Dreadful, dismal. &c 151 
 
 Drowning of Rev, Thomas 
 
 Robinson 272 
 
 Dressel. John 305 
 
 Drowning of (Jatholic Prit>sts 
 
 and Students. 321 
 
 Durand. Mr 17 
 
 Durand. ^Ir. William... 31, 32, 87 
 
 Durand, Wm. Secretary -''3 
 
 Durand, Wm. makes requisi- 
 tion 34 
 
 Duff, Simon 71 
 
 Dulany, Daniel, quarrel with. 72 
 Durand's place ••6 
 
 Each settler receiving one lot 18 
 Early Kidgelys, first settled. 10 
 Earthquake in Annapolis in 
 1755 118 
 
 Dulany, Esq., Daniel 98 
 
 Dulany, Walter, 103, 115, 118, 120 
 15'9. 
 
 Dulany, Miss Margaret 112 
 
 Dulany, Walter, discharged 
 
 from Legislature "...'. 16 
 
 Dulany, Hon. Daniel 118 
 
 Duniap, Capt. drowns himself.121 
 
 Dulany and Carroll 121 
 
 Dulany' s opinion 127 
 
 Duties of a servant 131 
 
 Dunmore, Lord 155 
 
 Dulany, Daniel 161 
 
 Dulany, Lloyd 166 
 
 Duckett, John, clerk 160 
 
 Duekett, Mr. John, 172, 174, 181 
 182. 
 
 Dual government 175 
 
 Duvall, Gabriel 175 
 
 Dnvall, G 176 
 
 Du Buysson, Col 186 
 
 Duke, Mr 212 
 
 Dunning, Dennis 222 
 
 Dunn, Patrick 222 
 
 Duvall. Lewis.. 225. 226, 263, 257 
 
 Duvall, Capt 227 
 
 Duvall, Washington 248 
 
 Duvall, Lewis, Mayor 255-7 
 
 Duvall, Hy 255 
 
 iHivall, J.W 258 
 
 Dupont 266 
 
 Dulanvs.The 267 
 
 Dulanv. Dan'l., l)orn at An. ..278 
 
 Duvall, John 301 
 
 Duvall. Richard J 302 
 
 Duff, Mr., the architect 302 
 
 Duniap, Rev. Mr 304 
 
 Dulany. Mr. Lloyd _. .305 
 
 Dulany, Lloyd, collation giv- 
 en by....: 309, 310 
 
 Duvall, Geo. M 311 
 
 Dulany, Lloyd 166 
 
 Dulany, Daniel of Walter 167 
 
 Ihilanv. Daniel of Dan 168 
 
 Duvali, Gabriel 176 
 
 Dwelling House for Governor. 98 
 Dwellings, magnificent 108 
 
 E 
 
 Eastern Sliore of Maryland.... 81 
 Earthijuake at Annapolis 1758 120 
 Earthquake at Annai'olis,1772.121 
 Earthquake in Annapolis 326
 
 860 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Ear cut off, sentenced to have. 137 
 
 Ease of American ladies 143 
 
 Eastern Shore tribes 161 
 
 Earle, Jr., James 326 
 
 Eagle, explosion of the 359 
 
 Early's invasion excites A 314 
 
 Eccleston, John 196 
 
 Eccleston, Col 106 
 
 Eddis, Wm. observant 73 
 
 Eddis, Wm. attends divine 
 
 service in Annapolis 73 
 
 Edmyston, recto of St. Anne's 75 
 Eddis, Mr. writes of State 
 
 House 81 
 
 Edward, Gadder 87 
 
 Education, character of the.. 102 
 
 Eddis writes of Annapolis 140 
 
 Eden. Gov 152, 156, 182, 208 
 
 Eddis. Wm. Mr 152,165, 167, 
 
 170, 190, 199, 201. 308. 
 Eden, Gov. required todepart.155 
 Eden, Gov. prospect to return. 155 
 Eden's, Gov. property confi[3^.157 
 
 Eden, Gov. return of 157 
 
 Eddis, Mr. wrote 156 
 
 Eddis. Gov. Eden's advice to. 156 
 Eddis', Mr. life in Annapolis... 1T8 
 
 Edwards, William 167 
 
 Edmons. Amos 1 68 
 
 Eddis, Mr. fined 178 
 
 Eddis, Mr. leaves Annapolis. .183 
 Eddis, Mr. summoned before 
 
 Committee 189 
 
 Eddis and Clapham to give 
 
 bond .^...190 
 
 Eden's Gov. Proclamation on 
 
 fees 279 
 
 Eden, Robert......... .!........." .303 
 
 Educational facilities in A . . . . 324 
 
 Effort to enlarge Proctor's port 54 
 Effigie;; of Bute and Greville..l49 
 Effigy of Hood, stamp officer. 149 
 
 Effort to remove Capital 354 
 
 Elder of the Independents 17 
 
 Elk River 39 
 
 Eltonhead, Mr. Wm. executed 36 
 
 Election, mode of 86 
 
 Elliott, William 86 
 
 Elliott, C. sentenced to death. 1 15 
 Election of Geo. Stewart set 
 
 aside 120 
 
 Electricity in 1749, in Annap.138 
 
 Election in the province 143 
 
 Electoral College 244 
 
 Electors correspondence of ... .24oj. 
 
 346. 347. -r;" 
 
 Elliott, John 348 
 
 Elliott, Elias 363 
 
 Election of Lincoln 281,284 
 
 Election in Annapolis 384 
 
 Election in Annapolis during 
 
 Civil War 310 
 
 Flection of Corporation 335 
 
 Election, Judges of 335 
 
 Election returns. Judges of. ...336 
 Embassadors of the Susque- 
 
 hannocks 55 
 
 Emblem of public poverty 81 
 
 Emigrants to Annapolis 138 
 
 {English yeomanry 19 
 
 English inhabitants 23 
 
 Encroachments resisted byLeg 50 
 
 Enormous crimes 54 
 
 Entire possesion of the prov... 57 
 f]ncouragement to St. Mary's 59 
 
 Ennals, Thomas 78 
 
 Entrance to the Severn 81 
 
 Entitled to privileges and laws 93 
 Encouragement of Tradesmen 96 
 
 Engine for city 118 
 
 English, sun of 139 
 
 English Lord 157 
 
 Entrenching Annapolis, 1755.160 
 English oppression, resolution 
 
 against 168 
 
 English officer's representationl86 
 
 Enemies of St. John's 300 
 
 Enemy's ships off Annapolis. .334 
 Encroachment on civil rights. 299 
 Enrollment of Anne Arundel. 300 
 
 Enrollment of .Vnnapolis 301 
 
 Enlistment of colored people. 313 
 Enterprise Building Asso'n.. .316 
 
 Enright, Father Timothy 321 
 
 Ewen. 31 r. Richard 31 
 
 Erberry, Edward, merchant... 40^ 
 Erberry, Edward, abuses the 
 
 house, 40: tried, 41; found 
 
 guilty. 41; punished with 
 
 whipping 41. 
 
 Ewing, Chas. II. , Rev :{04 
 
 Escheated to the State 19 
 
 Establishment of K.W's School 77 
 
 Estate of delegates 89 
 
 Estep. Ralph'. 35(i 
 
 Establishment of Annapolis 
 
 Gazette 300 
 
 European social life 145-
 
 INDEX 
 
 :i6{ 
 
 Bvitts, John Ii37 
 
 Evans, Mr. Wm 331 
 
 Evans, Mr 244 
 
 Evans, John 348 
 
 Evans, Joseph 303 
 
 Extracts from Journals 40 
 
 Exportation to be from ports. o3 
 Expelled from the House, Mr. 
 
 Joseph Hill 85 
 
 Executions stayed at fairs 90 
 
 Executions, brevity of accountll3 
 Extra Session, Gov. Ogle callsllS 
 
 Express office 121 
 
 Executioners, curious 138 
 
 Executive Chamber ? 163 
 
 Exchanging of Portraits 164 
 
 Exportation prohibited 1 75 
 
 Explosion of Steamer Eagle. ..259 
 Expedition from Annapolis.... 399 
 Excited over haunted houses.. 314 
 
 F 
 
 Fable of the Camel and Arab 
 
 enacted 31 
 
 Pair to be held every year in 
 
 Annapolis 64 
 
 Fairs in Annapolis 65, 90 
 
 Family comes 30 miles to 
 
 church 70 
 
 Fairs, processes stayed at 90 
 
 Fair days, two 94 
 
 Fashion, luxury, commerce. ..108 
 
 Farris, Wm. watchmaker 132 
 
 Parris, Wm. will of 123 
 
 Farris, Chas. (in note). .123, 149, 
 
 229. 
 
 Families, principal 128 
 
 Fairs, annual 130 
 
 Fair games 130 
 
 Fashions, quick importation of 143 
 
 Fashions and frivolty 144 
 
 Factious men 144 
 
 Fashionable pleasure 144 
 
 Fair grounds in Annapolis 159 
 
 Faculty of St. John's 311 
 
 Farmers, Bank of Maryland.... 335 
 
 Fairbain, Benj 339 
 
 Father Andrew White's Journ. 337 
 
 Father Althara 331 
 
 Fendall, Josais 38 
 
 F. Penwick's, his house 47 
 
 Fendall, Josiat 48 
 
 Fendall, Gov 56 
 
 Ffielder, T. architect of church 65 
 Few rectors of K. W's school 
 
 known 79 
 
 Feast day of St. ^Michaels. ... 88 
 
 Fees, profits, perquisites 90 
 
 Feast and frolics 91 
 
 Fees, men sold for Ill 
 
 Ferry acros the bay 113 
 
 Ferry boat overset 114 
 
 Fencing and Dancing 126 
 
 Females, single, petition of, 
 
 Annapolis 133 
 
 Festival of St. George observedl36 
 Federal Govera-ment seizes St. 314 
 
 Federalists of Majyland 333 
 
 Federalist Party 353 
 
 Pears of a riot 369 
 
 Pees laid by proclamation. . . .379 
 Fedei-al Government and Gov. 
 
 Hicks 385 to 395 
 
 Pees and penalties 341 
 
 Penton, Corneliu* 168 
 
 First to arrive at the Severn... 18 
 Fireworks against the ship... . 35 
 
 Fifty men slain 36 
 
 Five Indians chief murdered.. 54 
 First evidence t^ St. Mary's.. 56 
 First session of Leg. in Annap 63 
 First convocation held in A... 66 
 First State Hriu=e in Annap. . 67 
 Fire quenched hv industry of 67 
 
 First l^rick chu"ch in Md 69 
 
 Ffielder, Thos. achitect of St. 
 
 Anne's 69 
 
 Fire in St. Anne's 75 
 
 First Mayor of Annapolis. ... 76 
 
 Finley, Elizabeth 83 
 
 First newspaper in Maryland. 94 
 
 Fine, free from '96 
 
 First issue of the Gazette 99 
 
 Fish women anil the King 99 
 
 Fines, forfeitures. araerc'nientsl07 
 
 Fire, warehouse lost by 110 
 
 Fish, Benj. T. ilrowned 114 
 
 Fire engine 118 
 
 First citizen, the letters of... . 131 
 First American Theatre erected 
 
 in Annapolis 146 
 
 First shipyard 157 
 
 First commencement of St 
 
 John's 2:0
 
 )m 
 
 INDEX 
 
 First lottery in province 151' 
 
 First U. S. "Senator fiom Md 232 
 Fire in government honse. . . .222 
 Firing off guns in the streets 223 
 Fight between Chandler and 
 
 Watkins 23^ 
 
 Fish, John 248 
 
 First ])assengerfrom Annapolis208 
 
 Fire in State House 27:! 
 
 First citizen, the 27J) 
 
 First M. E. Church 303 
 
 First Church of Mettiodisni... .o03 
 First Presbyterian Church in 
 
 Annapolis 304 
 
 Fire at Smith Price's 311 
 
 Fire. "Noah's Ark*' injured. ..31 3 
 Fij-e disastrous in Annapolis. ..211' 
 First regular t!'ain on Short 
 
 Line 3-20 
 
 Fir.st accident toKedemptorists323 
 
 Fir-^^t Chapel in .Maryland 333 
 
 Fire I)e))artnieiit of Annapolis. I") 
 
 Finlater. Alex lOli 
 
 Flattery uiiavailling <>2 
 
 Flames. hKiuisition, Damna- 
 tion 101 
 
 Fleet, under convoy Ill 
 
 Fleming, Richard 22!» 
 
 Fhiffs of Southern Confederacv313 
 
 Fleet. Capt. llenrv ".331 
 
 Fort for trade. . . . ." 2!) 
 
 Four or ~) Marylanders esca])e. 3(i 
 Fort invested by 3Id. and Ya. 
 
 troops •")4 
 
 Foundation of State Hou.se in 
 
 Annapolis 60 
 
 Forty shillings for every l)urial 61' 
 Form of second State House. . 'SO 
 
 Fordhani, Benjamin 8(i, 88 
 
 Fornication lOl 
 
 Forfeiture, fines. amerciamentlOT 
 
 Foi-t Fiederick 118 
 
 Fox chase 128 
 
 Fowey, the Frigate l.")(! 
 
 Fortv. Lieutenant KiO 
 
 Fostell, Dr. Richard 17G 
 
 Form of State Government 
 
 estabhshed •.17<j 
 
 Fortification of Annapolis 177 
 
 Four future Pi-esidents 2U() 
 
 Forrest. Noah 222 
 
 Fortification asked for A 227 
 
 Fort Severn... .240. 241, 254, 255, 
 
 25S, 251), 2«>G. 
 
 Fowler, Daniel 229 
 
 Fort Severn, from, regulars. .243 
 
 Fountain, Marev 245. 250 
 
 Fountain, M . ." .248 
 
 Fort Madison 254 
 
 Fort Severn recommended for 
 
 Naval Academy 2G5 
 
 Four regts. wanted from Md..2s,") 
 F')u r Gubernatorial residences.302 
 
 Forty. John 305 
 
 Fortification at Annapolis. . . .314 
 
 Fowler, James 3l(> 
 
 Fostell, Richard 176 
 
 Foulks, Saml. hidden in hogs- 
 head 2fi8 
 
 Frequent antl violent clianges 31 
 I'^ree exercise of their religion 37 
 Friends early settle in 31d. ... 42 
 Frii^uds petitioning to allinu. . 42 
 
 Freemen of 3Iaryland 52, 105 
 
 Freemair, Mr. John 69, Sti, 87 
 
 Free school of brick in A 58 
 
 Frazier, Alexandria. 70 
 
 l-'razier, Joshua 71, 177 
 
 l-'riend of Ijord B.iltimore. . . . 72 
 Fret- schools, donations to. ... 78 
 I'^ree schools, subscriptions to. 78 
 Friends and supporte»s of K. 
 
 Ws school 79 
 
 FrisV>y, Col. John 82 
 
 Free voters of Annapolis 88 
 
 Free-holders of Annajiolis 89 
 
 Free-holders and freemen 8!) 
 
 French writer on Annapolis... '.)! 
 French hair dresser in A.. 91, 145 
 
 Freemen, Wm. l)ricklayer U(j 
 
 Friars, Capauchin 101 
 
 Frenchmen on the right 102 
 
 F'renc h p ri vateei- m 
 
 French men of war Ill 
 
 French capture tiie Hopewell. 113 
 
 French and Indians 118 
 
 Freemen of Annapolis arou.sedl39 
 
 Frt-nch troops 187 
 
 French Frigates 187, 188 
 
 Frigate Philadelphia 225 
 
 Frazier, Richard 229 
 
 Free negro Tom 229 
 
 Frigate, Pha'ton 259 
 
 Free people of color 25 1 
 
 Franklin, J. S 282 
 
 Frederick citv 285 
 
 Franklin, Geo. E 303 
 
 Franchise, right of 310
 
 IXDEX 
 
 303 
 
 Franklin, Thomas BU 
 
 Frazier, Henry, Jr. killed 315 
 
 Fraternization of soldiers 315 
 
 Frey, Asst. Marshal attacked. 818 
 
 French, Thomas 167 
 
 French, George 108 
 
 Fuller, Capt. Wm..29, 30, 31, 32, 
 
 44. 
 Fuller, Capt. appears behind 
 
 Goy. Stone 35. 
 
 G 
 
 Gallo\yay, William 19 
 
 Gallery for servants in St. 
 
 Anne's 75 
 
 Gap in the history of Provide. 40 
 
 (lates of Annapolis 04 
 
 (luddess. Mr., arriyes in An... 41 
 
 Garrett, :sLr. Amos 09, 97 
 
 Gallery of St. Aiuie's altered. 09 
 Gallery built in St. Anne's. . . 70 
 Gallery in St. Anne's, leave to 
 
 build 71 
 
 Gaither, Rozin 71 
 
 Gaither, William 71 
 
 Gazette, poem on St. Anne's in 73 
 Gallery in St. Anne's for par- 
 ishioners ■ 75 
 
 (lallery in St. Anne's for slav. 75 
 Garrets, -Vinos, body of, seized 70 
 
 Garrett, James 70 
 
 Garthorne, Francis 77 
 
 Gales, Mr., sloop of 83 
 
 Garrett, Amos, Mavor 80 
 
 Gaylard, William ." 80 
 
 Garrett, Amos, Esq 87 
 
 Gazette, The Maryland. ..94, 135 
 Gazette ceased publication .... 90 
 (jiazette, Maryland, I'eliable 
 
 services 98 
 
 Gazette, dimensions of the. ... 98 
 
 Gazette, news in 99 
 
 Gazette, 3Id., inaugural addr. 99 
 Gazette, advertisement in.. 99 
 Gazette, subscription to the.. 99 
 
 Gazette, encouraged 100 
 
 Gazette, marvelous in 101 
 
 Garrison at Cape Breton 105 
 
 Gazette, the 109, 233, 324 
 
 Gazette, jealous of Balto Ill 
 
 Gallows at Annapolis 114 
 
 Gang of miscreants in Annaii.120 
 Galloway, Samuel 12C 
 
 Fuller, Capt. calls a council... 34 
 Fuller, Capt. gives word to be- 
 gin battle 30 
 
 Full hearing on both sides 55 
 
 Full house regrets removal of 
 
 Capital GO 
 
 Funds of K. W's School con- 
 veyed to St. John's 79 
 
 Funds for Goy's. residence... 98 
 Pounds of K. W's School 225 
 
 (harden. Queen Anne's 129 
 
 (Tazette in deep mourning. . . .150 
 
 Gale in AuTiapolis 101, 273 
 
 Garrett, Jolui W 103 
 
 (Tuzette otiice burned 184 
 
 Gates. (Jeneral 185,210 
 
 (nirnett, President, of St. J. .213 
 
 (Tale, George 222 
 
 (rassaway, John 226, 23C 
 
 iiazette and rejtublicans ijuarr236 
 
 Garrison ... 242 
 
 Gardner, Wm. Brewer. . . .257 310 
 Galaxy of Illustrious Anuap..275 
 
 Garabrill, Lieut. Horace 281 
 
 Gazette, Annaj)olis, view. 282, 283 
 
 Gazette defends itself 296 
 
 Gazette, Annapolis, establis. .300 
 
 Gantt, Benj. E 302 
 
 Gazette fails to ol)tain print. ..312 
 
 Gantt, Edward C 315 
 
 Galilean Hall 316 
 
 Gassaway, Aug 316 
 
 Gassaway. L. (t ... 325 
 
 Gaither, Edward, Jr ...170, 176 
 
 Galloway, Joseph 176 
 
 Gassaway, Lewis . . ^ . . .261, 304 
 Gov. Stone urges the Puritans 
 
 to take oath 19 
 
 General Pardon granted 24 
 
 Gerrard, Capt 36 
 
 General Assembly heedful of 
 
 St. Anne's 09 
 
 George, Joshua 70 
 
 (Tcorge, William 70 
 
 General Assembly appealed to 
 
 for St. Anne's 74 
 
 Geddess, Andrew 79 
 
 Gectment for any lands 91 
 
 Gentleman's dress, change in. 125 
 
 Gelastic law in clal)s 135 
 
 German passengers 139
 
 5*J4 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Germain, Lord George 154-5 
 
 General Lee 154 
 
 Gen. Washington 159 
 
 Gerry, Elbridge 206 
 
 Getzendanner, Capt 234 
 
 George, Enoch 245, 248, 250 
 
 Gerdemam, Father John 821 
 
 Gheselin, Reverdy 167, 226 
 
 Giving out threatening speech 32 
 
 Gittings, John, clerk 41 
 
 Gilliss. John 71 
 
 Giles, Charles, commander .. Ill 
 
 Gibbetted, Morris McCoy 121 
 
 Gist, Gen 106 
 
 Gibson, John 225-6 
 
 Giddings, Major Luther, given 
 
 a sword • 274 
 
 Girault, Prof. A. N 304 
 
 Gibbons, Eev. H. 304 
 
 Gibson, Capt. Edward 006 
 
 Gibson, Mrs., /leeRidout 308 
 
 Gibbons, Ensign 320 
 
 Ghiselen, William 71 
 
 "Glorious Nineteen" 249 
 
 Glass Works 323 
 
 Golden Lyons 35 
 
 Goodall, Elizabeth. l)ewithed.. 42 
 Godson, Peter, charged with, 
 slander, and medical char- 
 latanism 45 
 
 Gov. from Virginia 46 
 
 Gov. Seymour 67 
 
 Good lodgings in Annapolis.. . 57 
 
 Gov. Nicholson 58, 60 
 
 Gov. Copley enters upon his 
 
 duties 60 
 
 Gov. Nicholson given a lot 64 
 
 Gott, Thomas 19 
 
 Gov. Stoni, exceedingly popu. 25 
 Gov. Stone proclaims Crom- 
 well 27 
 
 Gov. Stone censures the comr's 27 
 Gov. Stone submits the second 
 
 time 28 
 
 Gov. Stone attempts to sur- 
 prise comr's 29 
 
 Golden Fortune, Capt. Tilman, 3l 
 Gov. Stone re-assumes duties 
 
 of oflBce 31 
 
 Gov. Stone determines to assert 
 
 his rights 32 
 
 Gov. Stone organizes a mili- 
 tary force 32 
 
 Gov. Stone directs no writs 
 
 from the Puritans shall be 
 
 obeyed 32 
 
 Gov. Stone's party threaten to 
 
 hang . . 33 
 
 Gov. Stone 33, 34. 35 
 
 Gov. Stone's force 33 
 
 Gov. Stone's march to Provi- 
 dence 33 
 
 Gov. .Stone visits Providence 21 
 Gov. Stone organizes Anne 
 
 Arundel 21 
 
 Gov. Stone submits to the com. 25 
 
 Gov. Stone's c«m. seized 25 
 
 Gov. Stone has a saving clause 26 
 Gov. Nicholson selects site of 
 
 St. Anne's 69 
 
 Gov. Nicholson active for St. 
 
 Anne's 69 
 
 Gov. Hlackiston 69 
 
 Golden ball on St. Anne's... 69 
 
 Gordon, Robt 70 
 
 Governors and office-holders.. 75 
 Governors, visitors, Trustees 
 
 of K. W's School 78 
 
 Governor and Council session 81 
 
 Governor, John Seymour 81 
 
 Gordon, Patrick, Esq. Gov. of 
 
 Pa 95 
 
 Governor of Pa. visits Gov. Md 95 
 
 Governor's, residence 98 
 
 Gov. Saml. Ogle 98 
 
 Gov. and Legislature, sharp 
 
 messages between 100 
 
 Gordon, Capt. Robert 103 
 
 Gordon, Roht. Esq. 103, 115, 118 
 Governors iuiportant peroga- 
 
 tive 104 
 
 Governor Bladen and Legis. . . 104 
 Governor Bladen called to ac- 
 count 105 
 
 Gov. Bladen's 3 messages in 1 
 
 day. 107 
 
 Gov. Ogle, calls extra session. 113 
 Gov. Ogle's speech to Legis- 
 lature - 113 
 
 Gov. Ogle, disappointed by 
 
 Legislature 113 
 
 Gordon, Mr. John 115 
 
 (lordon Rev. John to prepare 
 
 a discourse 133 
 
 Gov. Eden, patronizes the 
 
 drama 140 
 
 Governor can pardon 144 
 
 Godwin 147
 
 INDEX 
 
 305 
 
 'Guv. .Sharjie 150, 151 
 
 ■GoveruorEden. of Maryland, 152, 
 
 153, 154. 
 -Governor Eden patronizes the 
 
 sta^e 153 
 
 Gov. Eden establishes a semi- 
 nary 153 
 
 Gov. Eden recommended to be 
 
 seized 154 
 
 Gov. Eden, parole of 154 
 
 Go V.Eden's departure reqniredl 55 
 
 Gov. Eden returns 157 
 
 • Gov. ICden departs 156 
 
 Gov. Eden's property confis- 
 cated ' 157 
 
 Gov. Lee 158 
 
 Gov. Ogle's Bay Gelding 159 
 
 Governor 178 
 
 Gov. Eden 182 
 
 Gov. Johnson 183, 184 
 
 Goldsmith. Wm 198 
 
 Government House on fire. . . .322 
 
 Golder, Archibald 320 
 
 Government Farm 357 
 
 Godman, John D. born at An- 
 napolis . 377 
 
 Governor's Guards 280, 283 
 
 Gov. Hicks' proclamation. .. .281 
 Gov. Hicks' convenes Legislat285 
 Governm?nt and Gov. Hicks 
 
 385 to 295 
 Gov. Hicks" message to Legis.296 
 
 Governor's Folly, the .302 
 
 Goodman. R. R." 304 
 
 Gorman, Wm. H 30U 
 
 Governors of Md 11 
 
 Gordon, George 1G7 
 
 Gordon, William 107 
 
 Goldsmith, Saml 201 
 
 Goldsborough, W.J 201 
 
 Green.sbury Point 18 
 
 Greene, Thomas 34 
 
 Greene, Mr., Governor 46 
 
 Goruoore. John, punished for 
 
 perjury 47 
 
 Greene, John 48 
 
 Greenbury, Esq., Hon.Nicho- 
 
 las...: 63, 64 
 
 Great room below stairs 66 
 
 Greensbury's Point, church on 69 
 Gregg, Ruth, petition from... 69 
 Graveyard beyond present cir. 69 
 Greene, Richard 71 
 
 Griffith, John 71 
 
 Great and dangerous designs 83 
 
 Greenfield, CoL 84 
 
 Grosham, Jr. , John 86 
 
 Grea*" seal of our said Province 91 
 
 Green, Mr. Jonas 93, 96, 118 
 
 Green, Jonas, Printer. . . .98, 113 
 
 Green, Jonas, Postmaster 99 
 
 Grant, Hector 102 
 
 Grindell. Capt Ill 
 
 Grand Inquest to enquire. . . .113 
 
 Green St 117, 157 
 
 Green, Jonas, family has small- 
 pox 119 
 
 Green, Jonas 134-5-6 
 
 Gregor, Capt 137 
 
 Grindall, Capt 137 
 
 Great case at Annapolis 138 
 
 Grant of Charles 1 153 
 
 Green, Major, Gen. Nath 185 
 
 Green, Frederick. 187 
 
 Grenadiers 188 
 
 Greene, Major General 195 
 
 Greene's, Major Gen., reply.. 195 
 
 Greene, Nath 196 
 
 Greene, Federick 198, 236 
 
 Grant to St. John's on conditi209 
 
 Green, Mr., slandered 335 
 
 Grammer. Frederick 336 
 
 Grouch, Wm 18, 19 
 
 Grant, Wm 329 
 
 Green, Mr., editor of the Ga- 
 zette 237 
 
 Grand Jury indict '"the Glori- 
 ous Nineteen" 341* 
 
 Grammer, Frederick Louis. . .263 
 
 Gray, Justice Walton 369 
 
 Green, Louis, Captain .208 
 
 Green, N. H 383 
 
 •Green, Mrs 303 
 
 Graft", Rev. J. J 304 
 
 Green, Nicholas H 311 
 
 Grant and staff in Annapolis. 313 
 Graves, joint decoration of. . .315 
 
 Green, John 167 
 
 Green, Richard 170 
 
 Gunther, Capt 36 
 
 Guard at Annapolis, prison. ..114 
 
 Gutroy, John 339 
 
 Gubnatorial Mansion, the third303 
 Gubnatorial Mansion, second. 303 
 
 Guhl, Student 331 
 
 Gwyne, William 87
 
 30(3 
 
 INDEX 
 U 
 
 HavrkiiiP, Matthew 21 
 
 Hatton. Mr. Secr'y of State. . 2.1 
 Hattou, Mr. Thomas .... 2'i, 28 
 
 Hatch. Mr. John 'SI 
 
 Hammond, Mr. John 82 
 
 Hall, Mr. Richard 41 
 
 HamWeton, John, wife of. . . . 4.") 
 
 Hawkins, Ralph 4U 
 
 Harbor for shipping at St. 
 
 Mary's 5!i 
 
 Ham.mond, Major John. . . 1)8, 64 
 Hall, Henry, <>f St. James.. . . (j(i 
 
 Hanging a lanhorn out Od 
 
 Harnass, Jacob 68 
 
 Hammond, Col. John 69 
 
 Hammond, Philip 70. 98, 102 
 
 Hammond, Chas. of Philip. . 71 
 
 Hanover street 72 
 
 Hall, Major 84 
 
 Hair dresser. French in 91 
 
 Hammond. Mr. Charles. . ..97. 98 
 
 Hamn:oud. Mordecai 97 
 
 Hall, Major Henrv 102 
 
 Hamburg, Mr. Jolin Ill, 119 
 
 Hamilton, Dr. Alex 112 
 
 Hamilton, Mrs 119 
 
 Hall. John... 121, 161, 165.168. 
 
 169, 170. 176, 3t6. 
 Hammond, ^Matthias. 121. 165. 168, 
 
 171, 172, 173. 176. 
 Hogan, Dominick, Irish ser- 
 
 va:;t 126 
 
 Handsome women 128 
 
 Hawke, Sloop, his Majesty's. .151 
 Haller and ^Matzen. ... ... .158 
 
 Hanlan 147 
 
 Hauteur of Mrs. Henry 148 
 
 Hallam, Miss, poetry about. ..147 
 
 Hallara, Mrs ." 147 
 
 Hamilton. Alex 163, 206 
 
 Hall of House of Delegates. . .163 
 Hammond, Rezin..l68, 170, 176 
 
 Hammond, Thomas 167 
 
 Hammond, Nathan 167 
 
 Haragan, John 167 
 
 Hackman, James 167 
 
 Harrison, William 168 
 
 Harwood, Thomas, Jr 170 
 
 Hall, Thomas 170 
 
 Harwood, Mr. Thomas .172 
 
 Harding, Cape, ship Totness.174 
 Harford, Mr 202 
 
 Harwood. Thomas. 170, 176, 187, 
 
 209. 
 
 Hanson, A. C 210 
 
 Hanson, Alex. Coutec. .320. 222 
 
 Harrison, Benj 222 
 
 Hammond. Mr. Jolin .316. 224, 
 
 229. 
 
 Harrison, Hall 325 
 
 Haskins. Joseph 225 
 
 Harwood. Richard 225 
 
 Hall. Benedict E 226 
 
 Hammond, Nicholas 23(i 
 
 Harper. Robt Cxoodloe 235 
 
 Harwood. 3lajor Sprigtr.244. 345. 
 
 248, 263. 282, 301. 313. 
 
 Harwood, Kali>h 254, 258 
 
 Harwood. Thos. Richard 256 
 
 Hancock. Francis 356 
 
 Hall, Hnmj.hrey 263 
 
 Hall. Watkiiis. shot 271 
 
 Hanlan. Richard H 273 
 
 Harvest of pleasures 274 
 
 Harris, Benj. G 299 
 
 Harris. B. d. recommended... 301 
 
 Hagner, Judge A. B 303 
 
 Hailer, Wm 305 
 
 Hackney, Sand 305 
 
 Hamilton, Rev. Jonathan. .. .305 
 
 Harwood, Hy 306 
 
 Harwood. residence, the 306 
 
 Hammond, Mr. Wm 306, 307 
 
 Handy, D. Claude 311, 313 
 
 Haunted house in Anna polls.. 314 
 
 Hance's trial for murder 318 
 
 Harnden Express trial 318 
 
 Hayden, Judge 31 9 
 
 Harrington, Miss 330 
 
 Herring Bay 18, 33 
 
 Herring Creek 31 
 
 Heamans. Roger 33 
 
 Heamaus. Roger, required to 
 
 assist Puritans 34 
 
 Heamans dissembles 34 
 
 Heamans" story 34 
 
 Heamans warns Stone not to 
 
 come nearer 35 
 
 Heamans' resolved to fire. ... 35 
 Heamans shoots at St. Mary's 
 
 men 35 
 
 Heamans fires a third shot... . 35 
 Heamans, Capt. denies Stone's 
 
 authority 3.5.
 
 INDEX 
 
 :j(jr 
 
 Heanians' fourth slu^t kills a 
 
 mail 
 
 Henuaii. Casjier, Auj;. Imilds 
 
 State House. Chiiivli and 
 
 • Selinol (;:{ 
 
 Hewett. Mr. John 78 
 
 Helnisle}% Mr. Williaiii 78 
 
 Heseliiis. Miss Charlotte 132 
 
 Heirlooms, dresses 127 
 
 Heury"s. Mrs. hauteur 148 
 
 Henzell. Capt. Chas HC 
 
 Henry. John 222 
 
 Herbert. J. C .2S.> 
 
 Heard. Col 248 
 
 Herald, Democratic 27^:5 
 
 Hendersou. Rev. .f. J •504 
 
 Kelirou. Henry 'AO') 
 
 Henkle. Eli .J :{i:;3 
 
 Hepburn, John 1(17 
 
 Hendley, Hugh 1'57 
 
 Hensnaw, Charles 201 
 
 Hill, Capt 4(i 
 
 His Majesty's power to dispose 
 
 of conquests 51 
 
 Hill, Capt. Richard (}4 
 
 Higiubotliom. Rev. R. master 80 
 
 Hill, Joseph 84 
 
 Hill, Mr. Joseph expelled froai 
 
 House 85 
 
 History, relic of. Maryland... . 05 
 Higgiusou, Chas. sentenced to 
 
 "death 114 
 
 His Majestys sloop Hawke... .151 
 Higinbothom, Rev. Mr. Ralph 
 . 209, 212, 225, 253. 
 
 Higgins, Mr. Dick 245 
 
 Hicks, Thos. Holliday . 245 
 
 Hicks', Gov. proclamation. . .281 
 Hicks', Gov. proclamation of, 
 
 speech of 38 i, 28?.. 284 
 
 Hicks, Gov. and Fed. authori- 
 ties 285 
 
 Hicks, Gov. and Fed. Govern- 
 ment 285 to 2!)5 
 
 Hicks, Gov. letter of Seward to 28D 
 Hicks, Gov. letters of Butler 
 
 to 291, 292, 293, 394. 395 
 
 Hicks, Gov. refuses consent for 
 
 troops to land 396 
 
 Hicks, Gov. still had hope . . .396 
 Historical Society of A. A. Co. 320 
 
 Hincks, Thomas 167 
 
 Howard, Matthew 18 
 
 Horner, James 18 
 
 ibnvell. Tiioma.s 
 iiowell's Creek 
 
 Horn Point 
 
 Momeard. Jo . . 
 
 . . 19 
 . ... 19 
 35. 323 
 
 . .. 43 
 
 House awaits ad. as t" Quakers 43 
 llargans, Henry, at Kent.... 47 
 House asks its vacancies be 
 
 filled 50 
 
 I louse eompromis(;s with pro- 
 prietary 51 
 
 Howard. .Mr. Pliilip... . 63 
 
 iiouse appoints Mr. (v.ulde.^s 
 
 chaplain 65 
 
 Howard. Corueliou - 6.S 
 
 Hood, Zachariali 71 
 
 Howard, Samuel 73. 187 
 
 Hou.-^e of Col. Edw. Dorsey.... 80 
 
 House of Smithei's 82 
 
 1 lolmes. Richard 87 
 
 Home, Peter. 95 
 
 Holland. Col. Wm 96 
 
 1 forney, James 102 
 
 House of Delegates, mem. of.. 103 
 Horse steal'ng, York hung for.ll3 
 Hopewell, sclinr. of Annapolis 
 
 captured 113 
 
 House. Penelope, whipped 118 
 
 Horse races 130 
 
 Homony Club 131. 133 
 
 Hood. Stamp Officer, burnt in 
 
 effigy 149 
 
 Hood's appouitment as Stamp 
 
 Officer 149 
 
 ibjod, Stamp Officer re.sisted..l49 
 
 Hood lauds the stanijis 149 
 
 H(jod willing to resiirii 150 
 
 Hood"s flight 150 
 
 Hood returns to AnuapoUs 151 
 
 Hornet, officers of the 153 
 
 Howard, (ren. John, Eager. . . 188 
 
 Hospitality of Gov. Eleu 153 
 
 Hopeof Gov, Eden's return. ..155 
 
 Holland street. 158 
 
 Hodssin.Mr 172 
 
 Howe, Sir William 183 
 
 Howard. Saml. II. ...168, 198, 330 
 
 Howard, John, Eager 206 
 
 Howard's. Col.oft'er to J.Chase332 
 
 Howard. J 338 
 
 1 Lorn Point 238 
 
 HoUingsworth's Caot. troop... 240 
 
 llobbs. Capt '....- ....243 
 
 Hope, Thomas.. ...348 
 
 1 Folme, Christopher 254
 
 ms 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Holliiigsworth, Francis 255 
 
 Hodges, Thomas 256 
 
 Howard County , ... 257 
 
 Hollidayoke, Daniel, 271 
 
 Hopkins, Edward 273, 304 
 
 Holland. Steward, born at A. .270 
 
 Hopkins, Adjutant 282 
 
 Hopkins, James E 284 
 
 Hopkins, Benjamin 284 
 
 Houses, other ancient 308 
 
 House of Anthony Stewart 308 
 
 Horn Point settlement. 315 
 
 Hopkins, Johns 3iC 
 
 Hoffman, trial 318 
 
 Hours, cried in 325 
 
 Howard, AVilliam 167 
 
 Hodgan. Thos. B 167 
 
 How'ard, John 167 
 
 Horsely, Henry 168 
 
 Horton, John 168 
 
 Hood. John, Jr 108 
 
 Howard, Ephraim 170 
 
 Howard, Benj 170, 170 
 
 Hopkins, Girard. Jr 170 
 
 Humphrey, Eev, John, rector 
 
 of St. Anne's 71 
 
 Hutehins. Col. Chas 78 
 
 Hutton. Mr. William 78 
 
 Hunt. Wornell. Recorder.. 86. 88 
 
 Hughton, William 86 
 
 Humphrey, Josejih 87 
 
 Hustings to the Pro v. Courte. 91 
 
 Hunt, Wornell. Esq 94 
 
 Hutchinson, Capt. John Ill 
 
 Humes. Jos. sentenced to 
 
 death 114 
 
 Hutton, Bros, wagon manu- 
 facturers 147 
 
 Hunting. Ridge 191 
 
 H'.imphrev. Col. David 206 
 
 Humphrey Hall 214, 217 
 
 Humphreys. Rev. Hector. . . .214 
 
 Hustings, Court of 228 
 
 Hutton, Samuel 229 
 
 Hunter. James 255 
 
 Hughes. Jeremiah.2.'37. 259, 263, 
 '324. 
 
 Hurst, Bennett 259 
 
 Hutton, Jona 259 
 
 Hubbard, Jr. Wm., Lieut. . . .299 
 
 Hull, James, engineer 320 
 
 Hunting Grounds in Annap. .326 
 
 Hvde's Alley 64 
 
 Hyde, Thomas 74, 167, 209 
 
 Hyde, Thos. set up tannery.. 119 
 
 nVde. John 229 
 
 Hyde, Mr. Daniel T 269, 270 
 
 IlVde, Danl. T. threatened by 
 
 soldiers 298 
 
 Hyde. J. T 316 
 
 Hvde. William 167, 177 
 
 H'vde, William. Capt 176 
 
 I 
 
 Igleliart, Mrs. Owen A... .72, 158 
 
 Iglehart. Leonard .... 262 
 
 Iglehart, James FI 273 
 
 Iglehart. Capt 282 
 
 Iglehart, Wm. T 305, 324 
 
 Iglehart, and Swann 300 
 
 Iglehart House 307 
 
 Iglehart. Mrs. Wm. T. . .307. 324 
 
 Iglehart, J. Howard 320 
 
 Ill-treatment of servants 112 
 
 Illiberal laws 275 
 
 Impeachment of Major Thos. 
 
 Truman 54 
 
 Improvement of Annapolis for. 64 
 
 Importance of Annapolis 109 
 
 Importation of rebels Il2 
 
 Importation of fashions 143 
 
 Impressment of citizens 314 
 
 Improvement in Annapolis. .315 
 '.Improvement, spirit of 323 
 
 Improvement, A.sso. Local. . ..325 
 
 Indians 17 
 
 Independents 17 
 
 Indians, a near neighbor 22 
 
 Indians commit murder in A. A 22 
 Indian treaty made on the 
 
 Severn 28 
 
 Inhabitants of the Providence 29 
 Indemnity for injuries to Ind. 29 
 Indemnity for injuries to col. 29 
 Indians, 8 or 10 only to come 
 
 at a time 30 
 
 Indians to give notice of in- 
 tended war 30 
 
 Intentions of Capt. Stone 33 
 
 Insolent behavior of Quakers. 37 
 Indians an element of trouble. 38 
 Instruction-s given Capt Bur- 
 gess 38 
 
 Indians, Forraigne 39
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Information of K. W's SJchool 
 
 meagre 79 
 
 Information, Lower House 
 
 wants .107 
 
 Indians, how to fight 39 
 
 Indians, treaty of pence with. 40 
 Indiscreet representative from 
 
 A. A. Co 49 
 
 Indian chiefs treacherously- 
 murdered 54 
 
 Indignation over itajor Trne- 
 
 rt^an's conduct 54 
 
 Instruction broken by Major 
 
 Trueman 55 
 
 Inn-keeper, Workman 96 
 
 Inaugural address of Md. Ga- 
 zette 99 
 
 Indulgencies, cheap 101 
 
 Inquisition, flames, damnationlOl 
 
 Inch, M'r 103 
 
 Infringement of liberties 108 
 
 Indians, The.... ^. 108 
 
 Indian, quiver of 108 
 
 Inquest on Elisha Williams. ..113 
 
 Indians volunteer against 119 
 
 Insignia of clubs 133 
 
 Indians ravaged by small-pox. 143 
 
 Indians, race courses, and In- 
 dians 1^7 
 
 Indians, murders by 160 
 
 Indians, some very quiet 160 
 
 Indians, last to visit to Ann al60 
 
 Inner life of Annapolis 178 
 
 Inscription on DeKalb statue. 186 
 Incorporation of St. John's Col. 208 
 
 Internal dissensions 234 
 
 Insurrection, Nat. Turner's. .361 
 
 Investigation of riot 272 
 
 Indians make treaty under 
 
 poplar 309 
 
 Intention for setlingMd 327 
 
 Indians and early settlers. . . .331 
 Indians pleased with Euro- 
 peans 333 
 
 Indian customs 334 
 
 Independent Fire Co 16 
 
 Inhabitant competent witnesse 34 
 
 Irwin, John 103 
 
 Ireland, Thos 31SO 
 
 Ireland, John. Corporal 399 
 
 Isle of Wight 19 
 
 Isle of Kent 2^ 
 
 Islands, mouth of West River. 144 
 
 Jaoques, Lancelot. ,71, 119, 161, 
 
 177. 
 
 Jail, Annapolis 98 
 
 Jaiinescheck 148 
 
 Jackson, Capt. of Peggy Stew. 193 
 Jackson, Major, Washington's 
 
 Secretary ISl 
 
 Jacob. Edwanl .384 
 
 Jacquet, JohuD. 167 
 
 Jackson, Henry 167 
 
 Jacques, Denton 168 
 
 Jackson, Captain 170 
 
 Jenifer, Daniel, messenger 49 
 
 Jenkins, Francis 78 
 
 Jenkins, Mr 78 
 
 Jennings, Thomas.. 120, 336, 339, 
 
 381. 
 
 Jefferson 147 
 
 Jenifer, Danl. of St. Thos... .323 
 
 Jennings, Mr. George 339 
 
 Jeffrey's Point 353 
 
 Jeffrey, Jig 352 
 
 Jewess Steamboat. 268 
 
 Jewess reaches Annapolis 268 
 
 24 
 
 Jewess' passengers disorderly. 269 
 
 Jewess overcrowded 368 
 
 Jewess cast loose 870 
 
 Jefferson, George W 838 
 
 Jennings, Edmond 303 
 
 Jermings, Thomas, barrister .907 
 
 Jennings, Mrs. Ann 308 
 
 Journals, extracts from 40 
 
 Johnson, James, charged with 
 
 slander, convicted 46 
 
 Johnson, Reverdy studant of 
 
 St. .John's 65 
 
 Jowles, Esq., Hon. Henry. ... 67 
 
 Johnson, James 71, 139 
 
 John.LeMler 71 
 
 Jones, Evan 76, 86, 88 
 
 Jones', Evan, shallup 4.., 83 
 
 Jones, Thos 87, 330, 305 
 
 John, Beall, Esq 97 
 
 John, Jones, a "midatto fel- 
 low" 100 
 
 Jordan, Capt 110 
 
 John , Captain Isaac ...Ill 
 
 Johnson, ship. . 113
 
 370 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Johnson, Thos, Jennisgs, Esq.123 
 Jockey Club in Annap. ...141, 158 
 
 Jones, Miss 147 
 
 Jones, Eichafd, J 148, 263 
 
 Josepli & Belsliazzar, cantatas 
 
 of 148 
 
 Johnson, Thomas 131, 176 
 
 Johnson, Thos, Jr.. .165, 168, 1G9, 
 
 170, «77. 
 Johnson, Thos. first Rep. Qov.183 
 
 Johnson, Gov 183 
 
 Johnson, Gov. threats against. 134 
 Joy over Cornwallis's sui-rend.lSS 
 
 Johnson, Eeverdy 2i4, 257 
 
 Journey o! V.'achington 219 
 
 Jockey' Club of Annapolis. . . .r.22 
 
 Johnson. Geov?,e. .... I. -9 
 
 Jones, Eichard ^29 
 
 Jones, Col. U. S. A 2i0 
 
 Jones, Col 242,243 
 
 Johnson, John "^SO, $103, 2J3 
 
 Jones, William 257 
 
 Johnson. Thomas, Gov 260 
 
 Jones, William, Hon 264 
 
 Jones, Com. T. Ap Catesby...,265 
 
 Johnson, George, death of 278 
 
 Johnson, Reverdy, born at A,276 
 
 Johnson, David 305 
 
 Johnson, Reverdy, house in... 808 
 
 ■Jones, Thos, R 31S 
 
 Johnson, Gen, Bradley T. . . .320 
 
 Journal of Father White 327 
 
 Journal to be kept 388 
 
 Jonathr.n, Fir.kney 166 
 
 Jones, Le-is 167 
 
 Jury of r.'<:le women 44 
 
 Jury and flommitlce Rooms. . . 66 
 
 Jury, veidiet of 112 
 
 Judicial nroeeedin.'^s 113 
 
 Juc'lres o: t>.e Court of Appeals 231 
 Jud^rs o!l/ieelion threatened, 311 
 
 Judges of Election 335 
 
 JudJ'es of Blection returns 336 
 
 K, W's, echool empowered to 
 
 receive 79 
 
 Kane, Col, Geo, P 238,269 
 
 Kane, Col., in front of cannon2T2 
 
 Kaiser. Kenry ?05 
 
 Kalmey, Jerry W 305 
 
 Keepers of Ihe liberty of Eng- 
 land 25 
 
 Kent, Isle of 29 
 
 Kendall, Capt. (probably Fen- 
 
 dall.) 36 
 
 Kent county ^9 
 
 Kennedy, Dr. S. D. (note), . . 04 
 
 Key, Piiilip 72 
 
 Key, Theodoric 72 
 
 Keene, rector ot St, Anne's.. 75 
 
 Keyton 83 
 
 Kent Island, Broad Creek 112 
 
 Kent Island to Annapolis. . . .112 
 Kent Island, ferry boat oversetll4 
 
 Kent county school 126 
 
 Kent, John. Esq 130 
 
 Keppel, Commodore 169 
 
 Keyser, Ephraim 187, 324 
 
 Key, Frar-cis Scott 213 
 
 Kerr, John Leeds 225 
 
 Keith, John 229 
 
 Kent Island 238 
 
 Kent, Eon. Joraph 239 
 
 Keene, Robt.T 248 
 
 Kent, x)octor 356 
 
 Herman, IJichael, sergeant... .299 
 KeCer, Cr.pt., Pi-ovcst MarshalSlO 
 KeSer, Tli'os., Provost iiars".:al313 
 
 Kenny, John student 321 
 
 Key, rvocert 167 
 
 Keiso, James 170 
 
 King's K&uie not in commissio 25 
 
 King sulmltted to 57 
 
 King f.'iproved the resolution. 57 
 King Inanks for redeeming 
 MiiiyLvnd from ''a tyran- 
 nial Popish government". 57 
 King Willi.vm's school estab. . 65 
 King William's school, .63, 77, 78, 
 
 n, 1G9 
 
 King William's school's friends 79 
 King William's school re-or- 
 
 g;inized ... - 79 
 
 King William, Academy of. . . 80 
 
 Killbour.ie, Chas 86 
 
 King f.nd the fish- women 99 
 
 King Birthday 101 
 
 King's anniversary 137 
 
 King's, the, passengers 167 
 
 King George, th« Third 175
 
 INDEX. 
 
 371 
 
 Kirkweli aud Blackwell, ship- 
 builders 158 
 
 King Abraham and Quesn Sa- 
 rah 161 
 
 King William's school fuaJs. S.25 
 
 Kilty, Williaui i:23, S36 
 
 Kilty, John 230 
 
 Killman, Mr. Nicholas iilS 
 
 King, J. Guesi IIQ, 325 
 
 Killiuar of William Stiiuley. . .3.:0 
 
 Kirkiand . Ilobert 166 
 
 EIrUy. Taomas 167 
 
 KLj^sbui-y, James 167 
 
 King. John 167 
 
 King, Thomas, Jr., 281 
 
 King, Thomas 261 
 
 Kiiby, William 201 
 
 Know Nothings 345 
 
 Knapp, Ensign 330 
 
 Kolk, Richard 87 
 
 Langford's, John, deiaace of 
 
 Capt. Stone 19 
 
 Langford, John ~5 
 
 Lawcon, John l-l 
 
 Lawrence, Hon. Cir Tuos. .6i, 67 
 
 Laulhorne to be huag oui G7 
 
 Lawi';?nce, Sir ll.oji'.s C? 
 
 Lands, geciuieul. aud tras. for ^1 
 
 Laws end privileges £3 
 
 Laws of the provi-^oe C? 
 
 Lapear, MuttheTr, sentenced 
 
 to death ll4 
 
 Ladies dres^ diicussad 1-3 
 
 Law lej,rning of America i£7 
 
 Latin notes in A::uu;3oii3 1-7 
 
 Lammoud, Joha, masiciaa....:CO 
 Laadsdale, Joha, sLo9inal:3r.lS3 
 
 Law sign ■'.?0 
 
 Dawson, Alexandria l39 
 
 Last English GoreiMor l52 
 
 Landing of G or. Ed?u 15'3 
 
 Launch of the Lovely L'ancy 1^3 
 
 Lady L^e aad Matilda 1"8 
 
 Landing of cargo relassd 116 
 
 Lawrence, Jno. ordarad to de- 
 part ICI 
 
 La Payette's stratagem 1C7 
 
 La Fnyette, Gen It8, 197, 11>G 
 
 La Fayette naturalized 107 
 
 Lady lectures 231 
 
 La l\xyette's visij to Aiu:ap..239 
 La Fayette's reply to liayor of 
 
 Annapolis !l'4j 
 
 Larimoi e, William 257 
 
 Lavalette, Capt. E. A. T £65 
 
 Landaiirk, anoieut falls 237 
 
 La Fayette, Gea 334 
 
 Laurie, Rev. Dr 304 
 
 La Fayette entertained under 
 poplar 309 
 
 Labors of writing History 326 
 
 Lanes, powers over '. 388 
 
 Lambert, Robert 167 
 
 Lanj:, Robert 168 
 
 Lappington, Thomas 170 
 
 Le;;-i3latiu-e at Patuxeat 31 
 
 Le./i?, C.iptaiii ... 36 
 
 Le„'l3, Lieut. Wm. executed. 36 
 
 L?^-jet, Mr. exe^atad 36 
 
 Lsvies to flg'ub Ir.diaas 38 
 
 Legislature resist easroachm't 50 
 Loglol„t;;re peculiarly Protest 58 
 Lsgialiiture gives tne denial 
 
 dae it 61 
 
 Legislature's reply to Saint 
 
 Mary's 
 
 Lsary Neck Cove 61 
 
 LegisL-'oUre first session in A . . 63 
 Lsgi:*Litura tidjourns to an ale 68 
 
 houL;3 
 
 Lsgisl.iture fails to help St. 63 
 
 Anne's 70 
 
 Leave to build a gallery in St. 
 
 Aaae's 71 
 
 Lendrum, T. rec. of St. Anne's 75 
 
 Lsndram, Moatc:oiuery 75 
 
 LegisLiture receives severe re- 
 
 flsctioii 82 
 
 Leg-slature and Gov. Sharp, 
 
 messages between 101 
 
 Legislature r.nd Gov. Bladen. 104 
 Logislatare resists taxation.... 105 
 Leglshiture i;ppoiuts Gov. OglellS 
 
 Legislature prorogued 113 
 
 Lendrum, Rev. Andrew 115 
 
 Lstters of the first citizen 121 
 
 Legislature, Assembly of Md..l2l 
 
 Lee, General 154 
 
 Lee, Gov 158 
 
 Lecture byalady 221
 
 372 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Lee, John 322 
 
 Letherbury , Peregrine 223 
 
 Lefipard ts. Chesapeake 226 
 
 Lendrum, Lient 242 
 
 Lemon, two halves cause a riot. 270 
 Legislature convened by Gov. 
 
 Hicks 285 
 
 Letter of Seward to Gov. Hick.s280 
 Letters of Bntler to Gov.nicks.291 
 
 292, 293, 294, 295. 
 Leslie, Norman O. Sergeant. . .299 
 Legg, Charles, heroic act ol...319 
 
 Legg, Mr. James 319 
 
 Lee, Thos. PhiUp 167 
 
 Line of plantations 18 
 
 Liberty's 18 
 
 Life in the colony 40 
 
 Likened to a conquered people 51 
 Lightning broke into the State 
 
 House 67 
 
 Lightning kills and wounds 
 
 several delegates 67 
 
 Lightning injures State House 67 
 
 License to build a chapel 70 
 
 Library of St. John's 79 
 
 Likeness of Queen Anne's.;.... 80 
 
 Library, Maryland State 98 
 
 Liberties, infringement of 108 
 
 Lightning, schr. Peggy.struck 
 
 by 110 
 
 Lightning strikes Court House 119 
 
 Litigious spirit 144 
 
 Life of fasliion and frirolty... .144 
 
 Linthicura, Benjamin 158 
 
 Library of the State 163 
 
 Liberty tree at Annapolis 174 
 
 Licensed vessels 177 
 
 Licenses 184 
 
 Linthicum 245 
 
 Linthicum. Wesley. 248. 249, 250 
 
 Lincoln, election of 281 
 
 Lincoln's calls for Md. quota.285 
 
 Lincoln, A 288,290 
 
 Li ^uor sei;5ed by Provst Guard . 301 
 
 Lit ::e, Benjamin 305 
 
 Lic?ase to sell liquor in Anna. 339 
 Liqnrs, sale of, inAnn.ipolis.339 
 LloVj.Edw. made Commander 31 
 LloyJ, Edward, and 77 others 27 
 Lloyd, Edw....29, 30, 31. 44, 266 
 
 Lloyd. Philip 97 
 
 Lloyd, Governor 306 
 
 Lloyd, Gov. and wife 330 
 
 Lloyd, Ensign .320 
 
 Lord' Baltimore 17, 
 
 19, 24. 25. 
 Lord Baltinifu-e indignant at 
 
 Puritans 2$ 
 
 Lord Baltiin<u-e writes to Gov. 
 
 Stone 33 
 
 Lord Baltimore directs Gov. 
 Stone to proceed ag.ainst 
 
 Puritans 23 
 
 Lord Baltimore clmrged with 
 
 adhering to rebels 34 
 
 Lord Baltimore's enemies 34 
 
 Lord Baltimore's agents 27 
 
 Lord Balto. kept his patent... 31 
 Lord Baltimore upbraids Gov. 
 
 Stone 81 
 
 Lord Baltiinorp's officers begin 
 
 todivulge 33~ 
 
 Lord of Hosts manifested 36 
 
 Lord Baltimoi-e's instructions. 36 
 Lord Baltimore's declaration 
 on freedom of religion... . 37 
 
 Loss of State's Records 40 
 
 Lord Proprietor, a scandal to 
 
 the 41 
 
 Lord Proprietary to be con- 
 sulted about 43'- 
 
 Lord Pi'oprietary seeks an inter- 
 view with Lower House. . 50 
 Lower House take very heavily 
 to be liken to a conquered 
 
 people 51 
 
 Lower House insists on their 
 
 rights 51 
 
 Lots to be laid off. 1683 5» 
 
 Lots to revert, 1683 53 
 
 Lower House refuses to concur 
 in punishment of Major 
 
 Truman 55 
 
 Lord Baltimore, residence of. 56 
 Ijord Baltimore orders his Gov. 
 to proclaim William and 
 
 Mary 57 
 
 Lord Baltimore promises not 
 
 to remove Capital 59" 
 
 Loss of Records of St. Anne's. 6S 
 Lower House ready to build a 
 
 clmrch 68 
 
 Lowe, S 71 
 
 •Lord Baltimore, friend of 73 
 
 Lord Baltimore intercedes for 
 
 Rev. Mr. Allen 73 
 
 Lord Propi-ietary 79 
 
 Lord l^altimore, portrait of.... 80
 
 INDEX. 
 
 373 
 
 Lord's Day 90 
 
 LotsofK. W's. School 96 
 
 Lock, William, Esq 97 
 
 Lot for Custom House 97 
 
 Lots who should kill, drawing. 103 
 
 Louisbura:, rejoicing over 103 
 
 Lower House wants infor- 
 mation 108 
 
 Loyall, Captain 114 
 
 Loundes, Christopher 118 
 
 Lowe, Captain James 118 
 
 Loyalty in Annapolis 13(j 
 
 Loyalty, intense in Annap....l39 
 
 Long Island, citizens of 150 
 
 Lord Baltimore 153 
 
 Lord Dunmore 1.55 
 
 liovely Xancy 158 
 
 Lottery, first in province. .... 159 
 
 Lottery for St. .fohn's 213 
 
 Loockerman. William 224 
 
 Lottery, public in Annapob's.22(> 
 
 Long, John 292 
 
 Location of the Naval Acad- 
 emy at Annapolis 2(54 
 
 Long, R. C 263 
 
 Lockwood, Prof 266 
 
 Loockerman, T. C. shot 271 
 
 Lockwood, Jas. Booth, born at 
 
 Annapolis 378 
 
 Lord Lyons suggested as medi- 
 ator 389,296 
 
 Lomack, Louis 305 
 
 Loockerman, Richard 307 
 
 Loockerman, Mrs. F. T 307 
 
 Looal Election in Annapolis... 31,3 
 Local Sensation at Annapolis. 320 
 
 Local Option in Annapolis 325 
 
 Local Improvement Ass'n. . . .325 
 Loockerman, Jr., Mr. Jacob. . 82 
 
 Low, IMaJor 84 
 
 Lusby, Baldwin 71 
 
 Luxurious habits of Annap. . . 91 
 Luxury, fashion, commerce.. . 93 
 Lucas, Sipheorous, executed... 117 
 Lucas, Chas. alias Powell, J no. 135 
 
 Lucas, Captain James 139 
 
 Lutheran Church 305 
 
 M 
 
 Made a settlement 
 
 Magothy River 18, 
 
 Marsh, Thomas 21. 29, 
 
 Maryland, made a shuttle-cock 
 
 Magazine of arms 
 
 Matthew, Tliomas 
 
 Maryland and Virginia united 
 against Indians 
 
 Major Th.is. Trueman 
 
 Major Trueman broke his m- 
 structions 
 
 Major Tiuemau guilty as im- 
 peached 
 
 Mayor, the, of St. Mary's 
 
 Mayor, &c., of St. Mary's, ad- 
 dress of 
 
 Market in Annapolis. 
 
 Major Dorsey's house 
 
 Marchaud, Mrs. Margaret. . . 
 
 Magazine for everything liut 
 powder 
 
 Marriage licenses, 1G')7 
 
 Marriott, Emanuel 
 
 Maccubbiu, Moses 
 
 Maccubbin. James.. . 71, 331, 
 
 Malcome, rector, of St. Anne's 
 
 Mayor of Annapolis 
 
 18 Masters of K. W's. school, Da- 
 
 178 ken & Iligginbotham 80 
 
 30 Maryland, Eastern Shore of.. 81 
 2G MagTiziue and powder-house. . 82 
 
 32 Macall, Mr 84 
 
 47 Maryland, voyage to 91 
 
 Maryland Gazette 94 
 
 54 Maryland Historv, relic of 95 
 
 54 Manartee, Capt.' Dan'l 96,97 
 
 Macnemara, Thomas 97 
 
 55 Market House, site for 98 
 
 Maryland State Library 98 
 
 55 Marvelous in Gaaette 101 
 
 57 Maryland, the Treasurer of. ...106 
 Magnificent dwellings 108 
 
 58 Material transitions 108 
 
 (54 Matchlock of Maryland 108 
 
 64 McNemara, Michael 110 
 
 65 Man uf acture ot osnabrig Ill 
 
 Maccubbin. 5Ir. Nicholas 112 
 
 66 Masters iU-trejit servants 112 
 
 69 Mayor's plate 112 
 
 71 Marriott, Mr i. Elizabeth 118 
 
 71 Manufactoi-y. slocldng 120 
 
 226 Mackubin, UicUard, servrait ofl20 
 
 75 Man killed by a woman 121 
 
 76 Mayer. Frank B. ^in note) ...122
 
 874 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Maryland, the, Gazette 125 
 
 Marshe, Mr., Secretary. ..133, 133 
 Martyrdom of St. Charles I.. ..135 
 Masons establishf^d in Annap.138 
 Masonic celebration in Annap.138 
 Marriage ceremony in Americal42 
 
 Maryland Politics 143 
 
 Madstrates 143 
 
 Malone 147 
 
 Masonic Opera House 148 
 
 Maryland Convention. .154, 180, 
 
 323 
 Maryland, Virginia Conven- 
 tion to 155 
 
 Matilda and Lady Lee 158 
 
 Maryland Avenue 158 
 
 Marine Railway 158 
 
 May-pole 159 
 
 Mayer, F. B 1G4, 330, 335 
 
 Marybury, Beriah...l67, 181,189, 
 239 
 
 Maryland, declaration of 180 
 
 Maryland troops ...183 
 
 Martha, wife of Gen. Washing- 
 ton ...183 
 
 Maccubbin, Nicholas, .Jr 187 
 
 Mann, Mr 301 
 
 Mann's Hotel. ..201, 333, 253, 30G 
 
 Maccubbin, Mrs. James 305 
 
 Macall, Benj 320 
 
 Martin, Luther 233 
 
 Masonic celebration . , 333 
 
 Mann, Lieut., U. 3. N 327 
 
 Magruder. A. C 387 
 
 Mayor's Court 238 
 
 Maryland Republican 333, 334 
 
 Madison, Mr 283 
 
 Madison, Fort 334 
 
 Magruder. Col. Hy 339, 355 
 
 Marine Band 343 
 
 Magill, Charles 249 
 
 Mann, Col 352, 305 
 
 Magruder, Alex. C 254, 255 
 
 Madison, President and wife.. 254 
 
 Magruder, John II. T 263 
 
 Madison, President 264 
 
 Mayo, Isaac 205 
 
 Marcy, Gov., Secretary of War365 
 Martial Spirit in Annapolis in 
 
 1860 282 
 
 Magruder, JohnR., speech of.382 
 Magruder, John R..284, 297, 308 
 Macfeely, R., Lieut., reports 
 to Gov. Hieks 388 
 
 Mayor of Annapolis protests. .296"' 
 Marchand, Francis T., house. 303 
 
 Matzen, Henry 305 
 
 Martin, George 305 
 
 Mason, Mrs. Judge J. Thomp.307 
 Martin, Ex-Mayor, Thos. E. 307, 
 308 
 
 Mally, -Johns 315 
 
 Maryland Hotel, Co 316 
 
 Market Space 319 
 
 Mahan, Lieut 330 
 
 Maryland reduced to submis- 
 sion 35- 
 
 Maryland, Governors of 11 
 
 Mr.yors of Annapolis 13 
 
 Maintenance of bridges to An- 
 napolis 343 
 
 Maintenance of roads to Annap343' 
 
 Maryland, voyage to 337 
 
 Maryland reached 330 
 
 Mayor shall qualify as 835' 
 
 Maconochia John 167 
 
 Mackubiu, Richard 167 
 
 Maw, James 167 
 
 Mackel, Charles 167 
 
 Macken, Thomas 188 
 
 Mael, Matthias 168 
 
 ManarJ. James i68 
 
 Mayo, Thomas 170' 
 
 McPherson, Rev. John, rector 
 
 of St. Anne's 71,75 
 
 McDowell Hall. ..90. 314,317, 803 
 McCoy, Alex., Irish servant... lOO 
 McKennie. Donald, executed.. 116- 
 McCoy, Morris, executed for 
 
 murder 131 
 
 McCoy, Morris, gibbeted 131 
 
 McCarty. Hugh, Sir 136 
 
 McNeir, Thos., thigh broken. .149 
 
 McLachlan, Capt 151 
 
 McDaniel, Sarah 158 
 
 McHenry, James 199, 200 
 
 McHand, Isaac, loaned money 
 
 by city 300 
 
 McDowell, John A. M...209, 213, 
 219 
 
 McPherson, Wm. H 239 
 
 McMechen, Elizabeth 229 
 
 Md. Gazette, poem in, on St. 
 
 Anne's 73 
 
 M'Faden, James 233 
 
 McCeney, .Toseph 256 
 
 McKean, Commodore 266 
 
 :McAllister, Capt. Robt 368
 
 INDEX. 
 
 375 
 
 McAllister's, Capt., company.270 
 
 McNew, Basil, shot 271 
 
 McNew, Basil, arrested 300 
 
 MeCuUough, Passamore 301 
 
 McN'eir, Geo 304 
 
 McXamara's Row. 304 
 
 McCullough, Lt. S. T., deliv- 
 ers oration 315 
 
 McCullough, S. T 316 
 
 McCardy, John, engineer 320 
 
 McKenzie 167 
 
 McDonal 168 
 
 McCarty, Con 168 
 
 Merryman, James 21 
 
 Meet and treat in the woods... 28 
 Men of quality force to fly. ... 33 
 Messengers between Stone and 
 
 Puritans 34 
 
 Men of St. Mary's 34 
 
 Merchants, factors, and ma- 
 riners to trade at ports.... 53 
 Meetiug-house of Purltaas.... 69 
 Members of Port of Annap. . . 93 
 
 Men wa,lking on water 101 
 
 Membars of the House of Dale- 
 gates 103 
 
 Men sold for fees Ill 
 
 Meeting of freemen of Annap.139 
 
 Memory of St. Tamina 141 
 
 Meeting of County and City... 176 
 Meeting to offer jurisdiotioa to 
 
 Congress 199 
 
 Mercer, John T 223 
 
 Mercer, Col. Francis 224 
 
 Mercer, John P 233 
 
 Mealing, Wm 335 
 
 Methodist meeting house 343 
 
 Meeting, public 2*9 
 
 Meeting o£ workingmeu 'iiS 
 
 Me?;sage of Gar. Hicks to Leg.293 
 
 Message to Washington 296 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. .303 
 
 Methodist Church, second 304 
 
 Memorial, St. Anne's Mission 
 
 Chapel 312 
 
 Melvin, Geo. T 324 
 
 Members who voted for State 
 
 subscription 7 
 
 Merriweather, Rueben 170 
 
 Missionaries sent to Quakers.. 66 
 Mills, Edward, negro boy . . .100 
 
 Mitchel, James, drowned 116 
 
 Miscreants, gang of, in Annap. 1<;0 
 Militia training 130 
 
 ]Mis3 Hallam, poetry about. ...147 
 Military Commission resigned 
 
 by Washington 163 
 
 Militia, formation of 175 
 
 Militia called out 183 
 
 Mifflin, Gen ,.201,206 
 
 Mifflin's, Gen., address to 
 
 Washington 207 
 
 Military art ' 227 
 
 Middleton, William 229 
 
 Middleton, Gilbert 229 
 
 ^Military camp at Annap. 233, 238 
 
 Miller, Capt -334 
 
 Mitchell, Geo. E 239 
 
 Miller's Hill 340 
 
 Miller, Jamas 263 
 
 ]Mill, deadly fire about to be 
 
 made from 271 
 
 Millions, Charles Carroll's 275 
 
 Military display in Annapol:s.283 
 Military possession of A. & B. 
 
 R. R 296 
 
 Military Station, an important296 
 
 Miller, Oliver 297, 311, 313 
 
 Miller, John ,03 
 
 Miller, Chief Judge 319 
 
 Mitchell, Lieut §2-0 
 
 Minor liquor law 339 
 
 Mitchell 167 
 
 Minsky. Nicholas 167 
 
 Morris, Mr. Robert, shoots at 
 
 Puritans 35 
 
 Mobbed, Rev. Mr. Allen 72 
 
 Montgomery, rector of St. 
 
 Anne's '. 75 
 
 Mode of electing delegates 86 
 
 Montgomery, Capt Ill 
 
 Mogg. Sol., the sexton 125 
 
 Mosaic of sendment 140 
 
 Morris 147 
 
 Morris, Mrs 148 
 
 Mobbing of Hood 150 
 
 Mourning, Gazette in 150 
 
 Mob gathers 153 
 
 Montague, Geo., Capt 156 
 
 Montague, Capt., refuses to 
 
 give up deserter 157 
 
 Morris, Gov. of Philadelphia. 160 
 
 Mount Vernon 207 
 
 Morgan, Wm 222 
 
 Mourning for Washington 224 
 
 Morgue, Joe 259 
 
 Monroe, President 255 
 
 Morality and ready money 257
 
 S76 
 
 INDEX, 
 
 Monument to Chas. Carroll.... 263 
 
 Morse, Col. Augustus 299 
 
 Monument to Cliarles Legg...3l9 
 
 Morrison, Robert 1G6 
 
 Moor, Robert 167 
 
 Molleson, R 168 
 
 Mr. Lloyd 23 
 
 Mr. Harrison 23 
 
 Mr. Richard Preston's House. 32 
 Mr. John Hammond seizes 
 
 recoi-ds 32 
 
 Mrs. Stone 35 
 
 Mrs. Henry's hauteur 148 
 
 Mr. Waters' horse Parrott 159 
 
 Mr. Mann's, pu])lic dinner at. 218 
 
 Mr. George Mann 221 
 
 M'Parlin. William 255, 261 
 
 Mt. Moriah Congregation 305 
 
 Murders having been commit. 54 
 
 Munro, Sarah 100 
 
 Murder * 101 
 
 Murdei-ers hanged 102 
 
 Murdock, Esq., Mrs , 119 
 
 Muster days 130 
 
 Munroe, James, store of 157 
 
 Murders bv Indians 160 
 
 Murray, James. 168, 220,229, 261 
 Murray, Sarah, acrostic to. ...224 
 
 Muir, John 225, 226, 227, 230 
 
 Muir, Capt 227 
 
 Murray, Henry M...259, 301, 302 
 
 Murdock, Miss Eliza 282 
 
 Municipal Election in Annaj).284 
 
 Munroe, Grafton 261, 304 
 
 Munroe, Grafton, Jr 316 
 
 3Iunroe, James 304 
 
 Musgravc. Geo. W., I). D 304 
 
 3Iuscum. the State 324 
 
 Munroe. C. E 325 
 
 Murrow, Richard 167 
 
 Munroe, William 167 
 
 Myers, rector of St. Anne's... 75 
 
 Myers, lly. B 159 
 
 ''My Lady's Bower" 307 
 
 N 
 
 Nansemoud River 19 
 
 Naval Officers of the province. 105 
 
 Tsaval OiBcerf;' bond. 107 
 
 Nancy and Abigial 108 
 
 Native shrewdness 144 
 
 Naval Com. description of A. 145 
 
 Naval Academy 148 
 
 Native of North British 185 
 
 Naturalization of LaFayettte.197 
 Naval Depot at A. agitated... 254 
 'Nat. Turner's insurrection. . .261 
 Naval Academy at Annapolis.'264 
 Naval Academy, resolution ou264 
 
 Naval Academy opened 266 
 
 Naval Academy, additions to.. 267 
 
 Naval Academy, area of 267 
 
 Naval Academy of advantage 
 
 to AnnajX)iis 268 
 
 Naval Academy, battalion 
 
 cheer ', ....282 
 
 Naval Academy pulsates with 
 
 war news 285 
 
 National Flag on State House 298 
 
 Na^i-les biscuit 307 
 
 Naval Academy reserves 315 
 
 Naval Academy helj)S trade. ..319 
 Narrative of the voyage to JMd 327 
 
 Natives of Maryland 332 
 
 Negotiations for a settlement. 17 
 
 Negative voice of his Ijordship 27 
 News of the Golden Fortune . . 32 
 New political condition of l*rov 79 
 
 Nefarious plot 83 
 
 Neivill, Samuel 86 
 
 Newspaper, the first in Md... . 94 
 
 Negroes ear cropped 95 
 
 New Town 97 
 
 Newspaper, second in Md !i8 
 
 News in the Gazette 99 
 
 Newest make from Paris 101 
 
 Negro man's Land cut off by 
 
 sentence 102 
 
 Negroes burnt to death 103 
 
 Negro women executed 116 
 
 Negro, Bristol, aged r25 120 
 
 Negro, Daniel, eiecuted for 
 
 murder 131 
 
 Negro accidentally killed 121 
 
 News o: Cornwallis's surrend..l88 
 
 Nephews of Washington 222 
 
 Neth, Lewis 167, 226, 307 
 
 Negro, Ruth 239 
 
 News of Peace celebrated. . . .239 
 
 Nelh, Captain 243 
 
 New London 257 
 
 Ney, Marsha] of France 258 
 
 Negro fugitives delivered to 
 
 Sheriff 399
 
 INDEX 
 
 377 
 
 Negro Soldiers 313 
 
 Newell, J. T. I.rakeman 3'30 
 
 Newspapers of Annapolis. . . . 324 
 
 Neal, Tliomas IGT 
 
 Nicholson, Col. (Governor) ... 57 
 
 Nicholson, Col 58 
 
 Nicholson, Gov 60, 78 
 
 Nicholson, Gov. indignant.... 63 
 Nicholson, Gov. given a lot. . 64 
 
 Nicholson's cove 64 
 
 Nickolson, Francis, Gov.67, 78, 
 
 302. 
 Nicholson, Gov. selects a site 
 
 of St. Anne's 69 
 
 Nicholson. Gov. active for St. 
 
 Anne's 69 
 
 Nicholson, Beall 71 
 
 "Nineteen, Tlie Glorious"' 244 
 
 Nicholson, Rebecca 266 
 
 Nineteenth of April 284 
 
 Nichol.'Son, Jos. H 311 
 
 Nicholson and Hollahan 318 
 
 Nicholson, Richard . .167 
 
 Niven, William 167 
 
 Nicholson, George 168 
 
 Norfolk county 19 
 
 No oath, no land 19 
 
 No answer to Pur. poposals. . . 33 
 No precedent for sudden i-e- 
 
 moval of Capital 60 
 
 Norwood, Mr. Andrew 63 
 
 Norwood, Mr. Samuel 69 
 
 Non-attendance upon church. 71 
 
 Novarre, John 87 
 
 North side of Severn 90, 118 
 
 "Noah's Ark, "injured by tire. 313 
 
 Noke, William 167 
 
 Norris, John 167 
 
 Oaths of allei,-iauces 17 
 
 Oath modified for the Puritans 23 
 
 Oaths usually appointed 88 
 
 Oath unknown to the Laws. ..310 
 Obedient to commonwealth... . 28 
 Observing festival of St. Geo. 136 
 Obituary of Nicholas Brewer. 263 
 Objects of L, Balto'ssettlem't 32-7 
 Offer of A. A. no answer to 
 
 ^ Legislature's proposal 57 
 
 Officers of the province, 
 
 residence of 58 
 
 Offices open in spite stampact., 151 
 
 Officv-rs of the Hornet 152 
 
 Offer for U. S. Capital 199 
 
 Ogilvie, Patrick 87 
 
 Ogleby. Patrick 97 
 
 Ogle, Saml. Gov 98, 111, 307 
 
 Ogle, Miss Anne, dies 112 
 
 Ogle, Gov. rtills extra session. 113 
 Ogle's, Gov. s])eeeh toLegis...ll3 
 Ogle, Gov. disapjiointed by 
 
 Legislature 113 
 
 Ogle, Gov. Samut i, dies 117 
 
 Ogle, Samuel, Em^. and lady. 137 
 
 Ogle. Ann, Mrs 254 
 
 •Ogle, House, The 307 
 
 O'Hara. W 206 
 
 Old clock, old hall, old Annap. 122 
 Old callerv torn down 162 
 
 Oldest iahabilants 350 
 
 Old Blue Church 308 
 
 One hundred acres to lie laid 
 
 off 53 
 
 One of the signers 149 
 
 Opening of Naval Academy. ...266 
 
 Opening of the Civil War 281 
 
 Opening of Bay Ridge 323 
 
 Orders in Annapolis 63 
 
 Organist in St. Anne's, Mr. 
 
 Woodcock 75 
 
 Orme, Dennis, slave of 298 
 
 Oration of S. T. Wallis 334 
 
 Osnabrigs manufactured in A. Ill 
 
 Osborne 147 
 
 Otter, the sloop 178 
 
 Other Ancient Houses 308 
 
 Out-look of the city 109 
 
 Overt act committed by Gov. 
 
 Stone..- 32 
 
 Overcrowding of the Jewess .268 
 
 Owens, John E. 148 
 
 Owner of Ramney and Long. .158 
 
 Owen, Mr. Richard 212 
 
 Owen, Edwai-d ....16,7 
 
 Owens, Saml 167 
 
 Oyster creek 31 
 
 Oyster House 158 
 
 Ov.ster^-, wealth of 275 
 
 Oyster vessel seized by Gov. ...299 
 
 Part of ^Annapolis 19 Puritans 30
 
 378 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Parishioners' gallery in St. 
 
 Anne's 75 
 
 Patuxent and Severn 28, 32 
 
 Patuxent River 29, 56, 96 
 
 Palmer's Island 29 
 
 Patuxent county 31 
 
 Packer. Mr 34 
 
 Papist taken prisoners 36 
 
 Papistry 46 
 
 Patuxent 38, 111 
 
 Paper and Meddall 55 
 
 Parliamentary commissioners. 56 
 Patuxent, place of meeting of 
 
 Assembly 56 
 
 Papers of collectors and Naval 
 
 Officers 66 
 
 Papers of clerk of House of 
 
 Delegates 66 
 
 Parishioners 20 miles from St. 
 
 Anne's 69 
 
 Parsonage in Annapolis 72 
 
 Paca. William. 74, 121. 161, 165, 
 
 168, 169, 170, 176, 196, 202, 
 
 205, 2S0. 
 Parks, William, printer. ...94, 95 
 
 Parks, William 97 
 
 Pages of Gazette reSect history 100 
 
 Parish of St. Anne's ... 108 
 
 Palatines, SiOO 108 
 
 Patapsco Ill, 191 
 
 Pain, B. tried for blasphemy. 114 
 Pain, Bevis, bored through the 
 
 tongue 114 
 
 Parr, ]\Lark,a remarkable roguelH 
 
 Pannelled walls 128 
 
 Pavements, no. 129 
 
 Palatines offered for sale I'M) 
 
 Party prejudices waived 140 
 
 Pardons 143 
 
 Pay of members, (note) 143 
 
 Passion week 147 
 
 Page 147 
 
 Parker 147 
 
 Parole of Gov. Eden 154 
 
 Packet of letters seized 154 
 
 Parliament 172 
 
 Packet upset off Magothy. . .224 
 
 Parker, Mr. Isaac 235 
 
 Patrol on South River 281 
 
 Palmetto flag hoisted in A... .284 
 
 Parole, Camp 300 
 
 Parsonage burnt 304 
 
 Pattterson, Rev. J. M 304 
 
 Paca Dwelling, The 307 
 
 Paca, Governor 307" 
 
 Parker, Jonathan 167 
 
 Parker, John 168 
 
 Parrott, Samuel 261 
 
 Peace of the Colony 23 
 
 People of North Patux. petit. 27 
 
 Peaceable and loving way . 28 
 
 People of Patuxent & Severn . 38 
 
 Pbter, .Jafer 30 
 
 Peace in the Province 31 
 
 People of Providence 34 
 
 Petition, save lives of St. Mary's 
 
 men 36 
 
 Pedro, Jno. a Ger. executed... 36 
 Peaoe, treaty ot with Indians 
 
 ia 16G3 40 
 
 Perrie, William 43 
 
 People of St. Jtary's make 
 
 stern effort 57 
 
 People of St. jMary's beseech 
 
 Gov. Nicholson 57 
 
 People of St. J\Iary's try to 
 
 keep Capital 58- 
 
 People of St. Mary's raise stock 59 
 
 Petition from lluth Gregg 69- 
 
 Permission asked to build a 
 
 chapel 70' 
 
 Petition for a gallery, 1728... . 70' 
 Personal chastisement, Rev. 
 
 Mr. Allen 73 
 
 Pcarce, Col 83 
 
 Peacocke 83 
 
 Petition of Cor. of Annapolis. 86 
 Petition of Charter of Anna- 
 polis acted upon 87 
 
 Perquisites, fees, profits 90 
 
 Perjury 101 
 
 Persons of the Romish Com... )02 
 Peggy, schnr. struck by light- 
 
 i.ing 110 
 
 Pew gives way 110 
 
 Peale, Mr. Charles 125 
 
 Peale, Charles Wilson 126 
 
 Petition of single females of A. 133 
 
 P. P. P. P. P 136 
 
 People of Annapolis loyal. . . . 136 
 Perry, Mary, sentenced to die. 139 
 
 Peace, celebration of 221 
 
 Performers, dramatic 146 
 
 Pendleton, Edw 155 
 
 Peggy Stewart, burning of... 169, 
 
 170, 174. 
 Peace, treaty of, celebrated. ..194 
 Peace meetings 233.
 
 INDEX 
 
 379' 
 
 Peace celebration 2;'!9 
 
 Pennsylvanians, company of. ..253 
 Peale, Chas. W. born at A. ...378 
 
 Peck, Thomas, D. D 304 
 
 Porter, Rear Admiral, D. D..315 
 Petty burglaries and arsons. ..316 
 
 Peaco, Samuel 261 
 
 Philip, William, branded 114 
 
 Phantom pleasure pursued... 141 
 
 Photograph ©f Hood 149 
 
 Philip, Capt. John 373 
 
 Philadelphia, U. S. Ship 308 
 
 Philips, Solomon 304, 313 
 
 Piccard, Mr. Nicholas 40 
 
 Piseattoways 54 
 
 Pinkney, Wm. student of K. 
 
 W's School 65 
 
 Pinkney, Wm. native of An. . 65 
 Pinkn«y and Johnson, peers 
 
 of any 65 
 
 Pinkney, Wm. ...79, 80, 203, 233, 
 
 231, 232. 
 
 Pinnace for the canoe 109 
 
 Pickeman, Capt 109 
 
 Pillory in Annapolis 121 
 
 Pinkney, Mr. Robert 131 
 
 Pitt, portrait of 163 
 
 PiDkney, Hall 317 
 
 Piracy on Chesapeake 336 
 
 Pinkney, Joathnan of Robt....239 
 Pinkney, banqiitteil in Anna 330 
 
 Pinkney, Wm. snd family 254 
 
 Pinkn?y, Somerville 363 
 
 Pinkney, Wm. born at Annap.376 
 
 Pikesville, arsenal at 395 
 
 Picket ?uard captures a slave. 298 
 Pindie, T. N. eT.Voliing officer.HOO 
 
 Pinkney, Joseph 305 
 
 Pinkney House, The 308 
 
 Pinkney, Jonathan . 167, 226, 273, 
 
 283. 
 
 Pipier, William 167 
 
 Plantations, line of 18 
 
 Place, ought to take, deputies 44 
 Plot that struck at Annap. . . 83 
 
 Pleasure, Queen's known 93 
 
 Plater, George, Esq 95 
 
 Pleasure pursued 141 
 
 Plays on the board 147 
 
 Plebian 185 
 
 Plater, George 197 
 
 Plater, Gov. George 320 
 
 Plater, Col 345 
 
 Planter's Guards 249 
 
 Porter, Peter ID- 
 Popish party begin to divulge 32 
 Port made at Town of Proctors 53- 
 Ports, exportations to be from 58 
 Poor accommodations of the 
 
 Ridge 56 
 
 Poem on St. Anne's in Gazette 73 
 Poem accomplishes rebuilding 
 
 of St. Anne's 74 
 
 Portraits of Queen Anne and 
 
 Lord Baltimore 80' 
 
 Port of Annapolis 87, 94 
 
 Port of Annapolis, members of 96 
 
 Powder-house Hill 96 
 
 Powders and Chinese stones. ...100 
 
 Pope riding upon his bull 101 
 
 Poney, Thomas, burnt in hand. 1 16 ■ 
 
 Powell, James, hung 117 
 
 Point, Windmill 130 
 
 Powell, Jno. alias Chas. Lucas.135 
 
 Politics 143 
 
 Populace irritated - 57 
 
 Potomac River 160' 
 
 Portraits in Senate Chamber. .162 
 
 Portrait of Pitt 163 
 
 Portrait of first Lord Balto....l63 
 Portrait in Senate Chamber. ...104 
 Portrait of 3rd Lord Balto... .164 
 Post, Parliament prohibited .176 
 Political prisoner in Annapolis. l89' 
 Polit'.cai I'ued injures St. John's313 
 
 Porter, Capt. U. S. N 227 
 
 Porter, Com 254 
 
 Police for the city 257 
 
 Population of Annapolis. 258, 280- 
 
 323. 
 
 Polities a, heroic game 274 
 
 Porter, J. C. 2nd Lieut 280 
 
 Poet, local on Col. Smith 297 
 
 Poplar on College Campus 338 
 
 Poplar set on fire 309 
 
 Porter, V. A'l, D.D 316' 
 
 Poplar on St. John's set on 
 
 fire 321 
 
 Powers of the Cor. of Annap.. 336- 
 
 Powers of Port Wardens 339 
 
 Powers of incorporate officers.339 
 
 Providence 19, 34 
 
 Protector, The 34 
 
 Preston, Richard.35, 28, 31, 32, 
 
 44. 
 Providence sends a petition.. . 36 
 Preston, Richard and 60 others 27 
 Providence, in church meeting 38 •
 
 INDEX 
 
 Preparations for war 31 Proprietary, reveaue of tTie....l43 
 
 Proposals of Puritans to Stone 33 Proctor's, Town Land at 146 
 
 "" Presbyterian Church 148 
 
 Prisoner, a royal 155 
 
 36 
 
 ^ropo 
 
 Price, Col 
 
 Province restored to Lord 
 Baltimore 37 
 
 Piescott. Edward, arrested, ac- 
 quitted 47, 48 
 
 Providence changed to the 
 
 Proprietary interest of Md 155 
 
 Prince George street 158 
 
 Protest by citizens of Anua- 
 
 _ polls on Boston resolutionsl66 
 
 Town at Proctors 52 Proposal to burn Peggy Stew.174 
 
 ;ton's house. Rich, assem- Private eorres. examined 175 
 
 Proclaimed Governor 182 
 
 oG 
 
 Preston 
 
 bly meets at 
 
 Provincial Couit removes to 
 the Eidge 50 
 
 Provincial Court removes from 
 the liidge 50 
 
 Proprietary proini'^es not to re- 
 move Capital from St. 
 May's in his life 50 
 
 Pr('\-ide"uce desires tlift cajjital 57 
 
 Protestant religion f^lablished 
 in Maryland 
 
 Procession at Inauguration of 
 
 Governor 183 
 
 Proclamation call'g out MilitialSS 
 
 Prisoner in Annapo'is 189 
 
 Presidents, four future 206 
 
 President Wash.'s visit to A. .218 
 
 Pryfe, Thomas ...324 
 
 Prince George Street, wliarf ...338 
 
 Pratt, Governor 245, 273 
 
 Price. Henrv 263 
 
 Protestant.. 57 Proclamation on fees 279 
 
 Protestant. Leg. ]»eculiarly.... 58 
 
 Proctors, Town at 58 
 
 Province, centre and riches 
 
 part of 63 
 
 Trot«ction for coloni.sts 71 
 
 Protege of the State.St. Anne's 73 
 Price of second State House. . 80 
 Printed charter of Annapolis.. 80 
 Provincial business in the Court 
 
 House 81 
 
 Processes stayed at fairs 90 
 
 Profits, peniuisites, fees 90 
 
 PriAileges and laws 93 
 
 Printer. Jonas Green 98, 113 
 
 Pretender's Health, driMking 
 
 of, punished 137 
 
 'Preface 5 
 
 Prospect to Annapolis 90 
 
 Protest against Popery 99 
 
 Procession at I)epsford...l01, 103 
 
 Pretender, The 10] 
 
 Prerogative. important of, GovlOS 
 
 Proctor's Landing 108 
 
 Printing press 108 
 
 Province famous as centre of 
 
 social pleasures, &c 109 
 
 Pretenders health 110 
 
 Pr&rog.itiou of Legislature... .11.3 
 
 Prison at Anua[)olis 114 
 
 Principal families 138 
 
 Prototype of European social 
 life 145 
 
 Proclamation of Thanksgiging 281 
 
 Pratt. Thos. G 282, 307, 311 
 
 Proclamation of Buchanan. ...283 
 Protest of Mayor of AnnapoHs.296 
 
 Provost Guard 301 
 
 Provost Guard seizes liquor. ...301 
 Presbyterian Church in Anna. 304 
 
 Provost Marshal 310 
 
 Price's, Smith, fire at 311 
 
 Printing,Gazette fails to obtaiaSlS 
 Preparatory department St. 
 
 John's College 312 
 
 Prosperity of St. John's Col. .317 
 Progenitors of inhabitants of A334 
 
 Property of City exempt 341 
 
 Prew, William! 167 
 
 Pryse, Thomas 167 
 
 Psidter, Peter 137 
 
 Puritans... 17, 19, 24,32,35, 36, 
 
 Puritan district Id 
 
 Puritans refuse to take oath 
 
 of fealty •• 19 
 
 Puritans compared to snake in 
 
 fable 30 
 
 Puritans charged with desire 
 
 to d(Mnmeer 20 
 
 Puritans send delegates to 
 
 Legislature. 1851 30, 23 
 
 Pruvide^ice 20 
 
 Puddington, Mr 21 
 
 Ptiddington, George 21
 
 INDEX 
 
 381 
 
 Puritans who settled Annap... 23 
 
 Price, Capt. John 26 
 
 Puritans petition the Com. ... 26 
 Puritans oharge terms of settle- 
 ment and oath of fealty do 
 
 not agree 20 
 
 Puritans complain to Council 
 
 of State ♦ 26 
 
 Puritans called factious fellows 26 
 Puritans defend their conduct. 26 
 
 Puritans beg and bemoan 26 
 
 i*uritans of Providence. .. .31, 33 
 
 Puritans and Catholics 32 
 
 Puritans sends mes. to Stone.. 33 
 Puritans grieved at their hum- 
 ble message 33 
 
 Puritans' i:)roposals to Stone. . 33 
 Puritan messengers seized by 
 
 Stone 33 
 
 Puritans get in rear of St. 
 
 Mary's men 35 
 
 Puritans win the battle of the 
 
 Severn 36 
 
 Puritans lose four in battle of 
 
 Severn 36 
 
 Puritans close matter after 
 
 their own way 38 
 
 Puritivns execute 4 St. Mary's 36 
 
 Puritan Assembly 56" 
 
 Publique Buildings, lots set 
 
 aside for... 64 
 
 Public Buildings left solely to 
 
 Province ! 6T 
 
 Puritans, meeting-house of... 6ft 
 Publication of sermon of Mr. 
 
 Coney eft- 
 Pulled down 2nd State House 81 
 Publication, Guzette ceased... 95- 
 
 Public Circle 97 
 
 Public School in Annapolis.... 98 
 
 Puritans, The 108 
 
 Puritanical ideas not prevalentl43 
 Public meeting about Boston.. 16.5 
 
 Pulaski's legion of cavalry 184 
 
 Pungent correspondence 1 85 
 
 Publicola 185 
 
 Public Dinner to Washiugton.193 
 Public dinner at Mr. Mann's.218 
 
 Puritan disappears 374 
 
 Public Buildings, Churches 
 
 and Ancient Landmarks.. 303 
 Public School Building in A.. 308' 
 Public Tjands and Buildings 
 
 reserved 341 
 
 Public Cemeteries 342^ 
 
 Pypowdry, Court of 90 
 
 Q 
 
 Quakers and Indians disturb 
 
 the Colony 37 
 
 Quakers, early settlement in 
 
 Maryland 42 
 
 Quakers petitioning tx> affirm. 42 
 Quakers, acts against repealed 44 
 
 Quaint and sneering reply 61 
 
 Quakers, missionaries sent to . 66 
 Quarrel with Daniel Dulany... 72 
 
 Queen Anne's bell burned 77 
 
 Quaint and curious volumes... 79 
 
 Queen Anne, portrait of 80 
 
 Queen, defender of the faith . 87 
 
 Queen's pleasure known 93 
 
 Queen Caroline, birthday of. 95 
 Quarrel between Gov. Bladen 
 Mxd Legislature 105, 106 
 
 Quiver of the Indian 108 
 
 Quarters, servants' 139^ 
 
 Queen Anne' s garden 1 39 
 
 Quebec, taking of, celebration.139 
 Queen Sarah and King Abra- 
 ham 161 
 
 Quynn, .Tohn Allen 176 
 
 Quaint and agreeable 201 
 
 Queen Anne 255 
 
 Qualifieatiovi of members of 
 
 corporation 335 
 
 Quynn, Allen. ..71. 177, 187, 198, 
 199. 225. 228 
 
 Quynn, Jr., Allen 239 
 
 Quynn, Caspar 248 
 
 Quota for drafts 315 
 
 R 
 
 Ealeigh, brig, Ill 
 
 Ranks cf Colonial society 126 
 
 Races 128,159 
 
 Races in Annapolis 141, 158 
 
 Ravages by small-pox 14S 
 
 Raillery, Annapolis outlives... 145
 
 383 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Eace course, shipyard and In- 
 dians 157 
 
 Ramsey, Col 196 
 
 Bainsav, Benj., Chief Jud:;e...S23 
 
 Randall, John 167, -i27, 237, 
 
 255, 338 
 
 E&ndall. J. Jr 258 
 
 Eafferty, Dr. Wra 257, 259 
 
 Railroad between Bilto. and 
 
 Annapolis 233 
 
 Randall, Alex.. .233, £34, i.97, 31; 
 
 Ramsay, Capt. Francis M 207 
 
 Railroad built tolTaval Acade.IGG 
 Randall, Mrs. Alex.. reslJe-.esSOS 
 
 Randall, J. Wirt....' 308, 833 
 
 Rr.ndall, John, Alex. 11., cono"ol3 
 
 RaiuLilI. Daniel 320 
 
 Raihmd, A. f: B. S. L. 823 
 
 Ranken, George 137 
 
 Ranken. Gaor^re, Sir 138 
 
 Reconoiliatioa^of thePuiItar.s. 21 
 Rel»5:'.l to izsne \7rits in Com- 
 monwealth's name 25 
 
 Rebellion a';vinst Lord L.-lto. .28 
 Rebels at Patusent and Severn 3.3 
 Religious Liberty in iLirybad 3? 
 
 Records o^ CouiLs ij. 91 
 
 Rebels to his Proprietary 46 
 
 ReprcGjntalive, I u d i s c reet, 
 
 ' from A. A. Co 49 
 
 Refuses to concur, Upper 
 
 House 51 
 
 Removal of capital to An:;ap. 55 
 Residence of Jjord EaUimore. {J5 
 Revolulian of Coode approved 
 
 bytueKin- ." 57 
 
 Eeli;!?ion supported by ta;:atl3n 57 
 Residence of officers of prov. 53 
 Removal of Legis. to Ridge... 59 
 Removal of Couits to Pii! ja... 59 
 Removal of capital, full house 
 
 regrets 60 
 
 RepuL-ition of province, Sc. 
 
 iiary's solicitous for 61 
 
 Reply of Legis. St. Mary's... 61 
 RemoA'al to Anaap., consnmat 61 
 
 Records reach Annapolis 61 
 
 lleport of Com. to build a 
 
 church in Annapolis 65 
 
 Records of Chancery Couii,,... 66 
 Rector, second, of Sj. Anue's. 69 
 Rector, thiid, of St. Anne's.. 09 
 Rector, receives $350 salary 
 in 1717 69 
 
 Revenues of St. Anne's 69 
 
 Rector preaches outside of St. 
 
 Anne's 69 
 
 Rector All Saints being dead. 6^ 
 
 Rector of St. Anne's. 75 
 
 Retribution had come 75 
 
 Rector, report of, St. Anne's. 77 
 Report ol rc;ctor of, St. Anne's 77 
 Re "tor of King "William school IB 
 Rector, Governors, &c., of K. 
 
 \i's. S3hjOl 79 
 
 Register of K. W's. sehool to 
 
 r;ive notice 79 
 
 Records of K. Vv^'s. school lost 80 
 
 Kecord-s burning of the 83 
 
 Eelic of Maryland history 95 
 
 Residence, Loasa for Governor 98 
 r.esiae;::-e, fu::d foi" Governors 93 
 
 R3cor:Is, L-gislnlive 98 
 
 Ileadi.i^ tie Libia 101 
 
 Eeb liion 101 
 
 Ilejolci:ig over Loaisburg. . . .103 
 
 P.eward of £50 offered 112 
 
 Il/oels im )Orted a..d sold 112 
 
 IwevaolU, I'Ir. ./m., drowued.112 
 
 Ee'jels f Ox- sale 126 
 
 Eecx-ds of tlie clnb 131, 132 
 
 Eevc-ren;I, a, ^7ilippad 137 
 
 Esv!.:i.:;3 ol tne proprietary. . .143 
 
 Eepcal of ► tamp a.-L 151 
 
 Rejjiji^j . er rji »3al of Stamp 
 
 act 151 
 
 Recjni.a3-.datIon of Congress.155 
 
 Return of Gov. Eden 157 
 
 Re'^els, sliip bad ol 157 
 
 Resolutions about Lioston 165 
 
 Eejolntlons of Md. a2:ainst 
 
 Iligllsh o^ipression 169 
 
 Eecpeet of iier.-onal rights. ...170 
 Eepro^^entation of lilng.officers' 
 
 cases 189 
 
 Reply of \7ashi j:i;t )n to An nap i 93 
 Esplyof Annap.toGen. Greenel95 
 Eepliescf La Fayette.. ..196, 197 
 Eesiguatijn by \\ ushin^-ton of 
 
 military commission 300 
 
 Reply of Wash, to council of 
 
 State 203 
 
 Reply of W'ashing. to Annap 1.03 
 Reply of Statj to Washingtou304 
 ROjriiilry of Alumni of St. 
 
 John's 313 
 
 Reception of Washington. . . .231 
 Eeid, James 239
 
 INDEX 
 
 383 
 
 Kea, John 3>9 
 
 Eepublican, Maryland,... 2^3, 334 
 Eepublicau's and Gazette's 
 
 quarrel ...233 
 
 Kegulars from Fort Severn.. ..243 
 
 Eeform Electors 244 
 
 Kepresentation, Lasis of 245 
 
 EeioriQ ol Maryl iiid 243 
 
 Reed, Capt. James ;;54 
 
 Repository, Lejl. & Lit"y ':5$ 
 
 Resolutions o[ colored peo;Dle.C63 
 Resolutions onXaral Acadeai."G4 
 Read, Cominoclore Geo. C....235 
 
 Report of tlie riot 271 
 
 Retrospect of t^vo centuries... 274 
 
 Remuaut of treason 298 
 
 Revell, James 801, 332, 2:1 
 
 Redemptorist Order 304 
 
 Residence of Mrs. A. Randall.308 
 
 Revell, Martin 811 
 
 Representatives in botliar]iii3s314 
 
 Regan. John C 313 
 
 Report on IJt. John's College. 318 
 
 Revell. Slate's Attorney 318 
 
 Rehn, Louis H 320 
 
 Revenues of Annapolis 330 
 
 Record, Tiie 335 
 
 Review of labor of wriling 
 
 History 3:6 
 
 Returns, election, judges of. ..333 
 
 Rescue Hose Co 15 
 
 Real est:ite, taxes on 840 
 
 Re,'^ulation of s.ile of liquors. 339 
 Richard lienuett's pii^.ntatlon. 18 
 
 Ridgely, Henry 19, 97 
 
 Rid^ely, Col. Henry 19 
 
 Ridirely, Charles. 19, 199, '. . ., 3i9 
 
 Ridgelys, Tomb of 19 
 
 River of Severn 30 
 
 Richardson, Eliz., hanged as 
 
 a witch 49 
 
 Rights oC Lower House insists 51 
 Ridge, the capital, removed to 56 
 Ridge, capital removed from,. 56 
 Richest part of the province. 62 
 
 Ridgelv, Mrs. Richard 64 
 
 Ridout, John 71, 74, 308 
 
 Ridgely, Mr. David.. bO, 148, 319 
 
 Richetts, Thomas , . . . . 85 
 
 Right to eiect cities 92 
 
 Ridgely, Mr 97 
 
 Richmond, the ship 109 
 
 Riders, bold 133 
 
 Richard Bnckell & Co., exhibl39 
 
 Riot over stamp act in AnGapl49 
 Rioters pull Hood's house 
 
 down 150 
 
 Ringgold, Thomas 150 
 
 Richardson. Capt. Joseph. . . .151 
 Ridgelv, Richard. ..210, 325, 258, 
 3! 9 
 
 Kidgely, Charl9s,of Wm 232 
 
 RiJ.gelv, Henry, of Annapolis. 233 
 Rid-ely, Absalom... 226, 2,7, 303 
 
 RiJgely, Major Chas. S 234 
 
 niot in Annapolis, 333, 238 
 
 Eidout, S.im'I '235, 308 
 
 Eido-ely, Charles S., Col 240 
 
 Rldont, Horatio .226, '. 54 
 
 llluout, Ad'.IlGon. 255 
 
 Ili-ige, poli'doal. . ," 256 
 
 Tliols and noise 257 
 
 Lldgely, E. D 258 
 
 Riglit of soi-Iiers to vot.- 258 
 
 Riot, fears of 269 
 
 Riot, Siate's cannon used in. ..271 
 
 Riot, inveiil'^a.ion of 273 
 
 Riley, Elihu^S 273, 334 
 
 Rleliest man in America 1^75 
 
 Eidout, Dr. John.. ..397, 803, 304 
 
 Rival for Balto 298 
 
 Ridgely 's, David, description 
 
 ol Thi:d Gov's, residence. 30^3 
 liidout. Miss Hester A. Chase. 306 
 
 Ridout. Dr. Wm. G 308 
 
 Ridout, Horace 308 
 
 Ridouts, tlie 808 
 
 Rig'ut of Elective Franchise.. 310 
 Rid.rely. AbsLiom, merchant. 319 
 
 Ridgely, John 319 
 
 Ridgely, KiehoLs . . ,319 
 
 Ringe, stade.it John B 331 
 
 Rinehart, William 334 
 
 Rilev, Elihn S. . Jr 334 
 
 Ridgely, Absalom, the, 2nd... 334 
 
 Ridgely, Wm. S 334 
 
 Ridge, Robert 167 
 
 Richards, Joseph 167 
 
 Ridgelv, Greenbury 170 
 
 River, '.'est... 170 
 
 Roll-book 18 
 
 Roundheads to be forced to 
 
 submit 34 
 
 Roundheads 84 
 
 Robinttt, Allen, keeper of Sev- 
 ern Ferry 68 
 
 Rooms of the' State House to 
 befitted up 67
 
 384 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Room wanted in St. Anne's... 71 
 Royal patronage of E. W's. 
 
 school 77 
 
 Robotham, Col. Geo 78 
 
 Royalty in bad odor 80 
 
 Rosey. Crownp, ij^'NorClk 
 
 Towns 84 
 
 Robinson, William ii.') 
 
 Robinson's, Peter, school 102 
 
 Romish, communion, persons. 103 
 
 Robert, Mr. William Ill 
 
 Rogue, a remarkable 114 
 
 Ross, John, Esq 115, 234 
 
 Rogers, Esq., Wm 115 
 
 Robbery in Annapolis 117 
 
 Roberts, Hugh 126 
 
 Royal prisoner 154 
 
 Roberts, Mr. William . . .157, 181 
 
 Row-gallies or gondolos 177 
 
 Roxburg, Major Alex 188 
 
 Rock Hall 194, 218 
 
 Roehambeau. fjount 194 
 
 Roberts, Rer. Mr 234 
 
 Ross, Wm 329, 261 
 
 Rowles, .Joseph 339 
 
 S 
 
 Sanders, Mr. James 63, 64 
 
 Savior, A 83 
 
 Sale, rebels for 126 
 
 Sanitary measure 175, 179 
 
 Sands, Lewis 326 
 
 Salmon, Simpson 239 
 
 Sands, Joseph. 255 
 
 Sands, James 373 
 
 Sandford, .James 301 
 
 Salvation Army and Barracks. 306 
 Sale of Cadet vacancy offered. 318 
 Sampson, Miss 330 
 
 tale of liquors in Annapctfis . . 339 
 amis, John 167 
 
 Sappiugton, Mark Brown 170 
 
 Sands, Thomas 361 
 
 Sanse, Peter 261 
 
 Scott, Mr. .John 44 
 
 Scott, Dr. Upton 71, 253 
 
 Scott, Upton 75 
 
 .School, King Wimam's77, 96, 109 
 
 School street a memento 78 
 
 Schools in the counties 97 
 
 Schools of Anne Arundel 97 
 
 School House 108 
 
 School, Kent county 136 
 
 Ross, Thomas 334 
 
 Robinson, Mrs. M 343 
 
 Rogers, Com 354 
 
 Robinson, Rev. Thos. drowned373- 
 
 Robinson, J. Wesley 50.'> 
 
 .Kal)ir.-:..n. ?rntthias :'0 
 
 RobS. j.ieut. Alljert ">0!> 
 
 Root, Col. A. R 31S 
 
 Route of 3rd. settlers 339 
 
 Roads to Annapolis 34^ 
 
 Ross, Nathaniel 167 
 
 Roberts, Charles 167 
 
 Robinson, Elijah 170, 1r76 
 
 Ruthers, Samuel 19^ 
 
 Runaway servants to be retur 39 
 Rules and orders in Annapolis 63 
 
 Rumney and Jjong Ill, 157 
 
 Russell, Wm. H., in Annap...399 
 
 Russell, Josiali 305 
 
 Russian .'^ailor killed 313 
 
 Ruark, Oliver M., schooner. .330 
 Rumors of Balitmore's patent 
 to be taken from him .... 2$ 
 House 81 
 
 .Scottish patriots 126 
 
 Scoevola 185 
 
 .Scenes at Annapolis 187 
 
 Schoff, Dr. John David 220 
 
 Schwrar, George 355 
 
 Schwrar, I' 359 
 
 Scott, Lieut. Gen 28.5 
 
 Schaaf, Arthur 307 
 
 Schwrar, P. S 315 
 
 Scenes in Court House of An.. 318 
 
 Scharf, Col. Thos. J 324 
 
 Severn 17, 34, 145, 153, 183- 
 
 Settlement of Annapolis 17 
 
 Severn River.. ..18, HI, 114, 115, 
 
 318. 
 
 Settlement of South River 19 
 
 Settlers at Pro\idenc6i.tranquil- 
 
 ized 23 
 
 Sectaries and Schismatics 34 
 
 Severn^ Battle of 33 
 
 Servants gallery in St. Anne's 75 
 Second State House, form of.. 80 
 
 Severn, entrance to the 81 
 
 Seymour, Gov. John 81, 93 
 
 Seymour, Gov 83 
 
 Seymour, John, Royal Gov. ... 85-
 
 INDEX. 
 
 385 
 
 Seymour, Gov. John, gives 
 
 charter to Annapolis 85 
 
 Several persons of qualitie in 
 Anne Arundel offer to 
 
 erect public buildings 57 
 
 Severn Ferry instituted 63 
 
 Sermons of Rev. Peregrine 
 
 Coney 69 
 
 Severn, head of 71 
 
 Second State House in Annap. 80 
 Second message of Puritans to 
 
 Gov. Stone 33 
 
 Sentry of St. Mary's fires sig- 
 nal 36 
 
 Senecas 54 
 
 Several murders committed ... 54 
 
 Seymour, John, Esq 87, 91 
 
 Severn, North side of 96 
 
 Second Newspaper in Md 98 
 
 Sentence to cut off man's handl03 
 
 Seat of Government 108 
 
 Senhouse, John 112 
 
 Servants ill-treated 112 
 
 Senhouse, Hannah, blamed. ...112 
 
 Sedgley, Capt 116 
 
 Servant, bravery of 117 
 
 Servant of Richard Mackubinl20 
 
 Sexton, the, Sol. Mogg 135 
 
 Servants 126 
 
 Secret chambers 128 
 
 Servants' quarters 129 
 
 Servant, duties of 131 
 
 Session, club in 132 
 
 Secretary, speech of Tuesday , 
 
 club 134 
 
 Sentenced so have ear cut of. . 137 
 
 Seminary at Annapolis 153 
 
 Severn, the schooner 158 
 
 Selby, John S., merchant 158 
 
 Severe's blacksmith shop 158 
 
 Senate Chamber, portrait in... 162 
 Second bunrt offering to liberty 174 
 
 Senator 185 
 
 Sentry 185 
 
 Seat of Government settled... 200 
 Settlement t)f claims of St. 
 
 John's 213 
 
 Seizure of St. John's 214 
 
 Sellman's, Capt., troop. 240, 243 
 
 Senate 244. 245 
 
 Sellman, John S. . . .245, 248, 249 
 Sexton's character 351 
 
 35 
 
 Severn River bridge 257 
 
 Severn Guard 282 
 
 Separate sovereignity for Md . 282 
 Seabrook, W. L. W.284, 297, 399 
 Seward, Wm. H., letter of, to 
 
 Gov. Hicks 289 
 
 Seventh Regt. from NewYork296 
 Secession feeling strong in A.. 297 
 
 Secession Youths 297 
 
 Sellman, Richard 300 
 
 Severn River Perry 300 
 
 "Secesh Democracy"' berated. 300 
 Second Gubernatorial Mansion303 
 Second Methodist Church . . . 304 
 
 Settlers reach Md 330 
 
 Settlement of Md 330 
 
 Settlers and the Indians 331 
 
 Session of Corporation 335 
 
 Seleven, Brite 167 
 
 Selby, Joseph 167 
 
 Severe, Vachel 261 
 
 Sherley, Gov. of Boston...., ...100 
 
 Ship, Winchelsea, armed 114 
 
 Shrewdness of the Natives. . . 144 
 Ship Tavern, in South east st.118 
 
 Shipwright Street 157 
 
 Shipyards, race courses, and 
 
 Indians 157 
 
 Ship load of rebels 157 
 
 Shipyard, First 157 
 
 Ship building declined 158 
 
 Sharpe, Horatio, Gov., arrivesl59 
 Sharpe, Gov., expostulates... .164 
 
 Ship Totness 174 
 
 Shaff , Arthur 226 
 
 Shaw, John 228 
 
 Shaff, John T 226 
 
 Shaw, James 255 
 
 Shipley, Wm. A 357 
 
 Shaw, Geo 258 
 
 Shurman, William 372 
 
 Shephard, Basil 361, .304 
 
 Shaffer, Detective 318 
 
 Shakespeare Water cure 330 
 
 Short Line Railroad 330 
 
 Shoem, Maccubbin N. .. -...167 
 Should know he was Gov. 
 
 again 32 
 
 Ship Mary and Francis 45 
 
 Ship required to unload at ports 53 
 
 Shipyards to be reserved 63 
 
 Sharpe, Gov. 71, 73, 150, 151, 160
 
 386 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Shallup, Evans Jones' 82 
 
 Sheritf of Anne Arundel. ..84, 89 
 
 Shumer, Mr 84 
 
 Sheriff for Annapolis 89 
 
 Sheriff of Anne Arundel co., 
 entitled to jurisdiction in 
 
 Annapolis 94 
 
 Shipping of Annapolis 95 
 
 Snip with slaves 95 
 
 Sharp messages between Gov. 
 
 and Legislature 100 
 
 Ship William and Anne 103 
 
 Ship captured 104 
 
 Ship ransomed 103 
 
 Ship, the Richmond 109 
 
 Site of St. Auiie's selected by 
 
 Gov. Nicholson 69 
 
 Sinking fund 71 
 
 Site of King William's school 78 
 Situation of Court House. ... 81 
 
 Simpson, William 82, 83 
 
 Simpson, Cooper, Williams, 
 Peacocke, and Key ton.... 83 
 
 Site for Market House 98 
 
 Sign, Tavern 129 
 
 Sitting of the Assembly 143 
 
 Site of Theatre 147 
 
 Sisters of Notre Dame, house of 157 
 
 Situation of State House 162 
 
 Simpson, Thomas 229 
 
 Simmons, Joseph 250 
 
 Sick prisoners arrive at Annap302 
 
 Simpsau. Jonathan 168 
 
 Sibell. Henry 168 
 
 Sketch of William Pinkney..276 
 Sketch of Reverdy Johnson.. 276 
 Sketch of John D. Goodman. 277 
 Sketch of Stewart Holland.. .277 
 Sketch of Chas. Wilson Peale.278 
 Sketch of Jas. B. Lockwood. .278 
 
 Sketch of Daniel Dulany 278 
 
 Skiugle, Samuel 167 
 
 Slaves gallery in St. Anne's. . 75 
 
 Slaves, ship with 95 
 
 Slaves, catching 103 
 
 Sloop Molly, captured 1 1 1 
 
 Slade, Capt. 158 
 
 Slanders against Mr. Green. .225 
 Slaves captured by a picket 
 
 guj-,rd 298 
 
 Slieer. Andrew 304, 201 
 
 Slemaker's, Mr. Jno., houses. 313 
 Smith, Rev. Wm. 209 
 
 Smith, Jonu. . . "17 
 
 Smith, Capt . John 31 
 
 Smith, Mr. Richard 41 
 
 Smith, Robt 78 
 
 Smith. Thomas 78 
 
 Smithers, house of . 82 
 
 Small boat well armed 83 
 
 Smithers. Christopher 87 
 
 Smith, Wm., carpenter 95 
 
 Smitl', Edward 97 
 
 Small-pox in Annapolis.. 119, 313 
 Small-pox ravages Indians. . .143 
 
 Small wood. Col. Wm 182 
 
 Smallwood, Major Gen 188 
 
 Small wood, Gen 201, 206 
 
 Smith, Rev. Doctor W 209 
 
 Smook, Lieut 254 
 
 Smith, John, Jr 262 
 
 Smith. Wm. T 269,270 
 
 Smith, Col. 13th N. Y 297 
 
 Smith, M. M 305 
 
 Smith's house, Auuf^ Lucy. . .308 
 Smith, John, husband of A. 
 
 L.Smith 308 
 
 Smith, Mrs. Lieut. J. T 320 
 
 Smith, Capt. 327 
 
 Smith, Archibald 168 
 
 Snowden, Richard 95 
 
 Snowden, Capt -82 
 
 Society of Cincinnatti 196 
 
 South River, 19, 70, 82, 84, 95, 
 115, 209, 219 
 
 Sons of Thunder 32 
 
 Sop for Governor's vanity 60 
 
 Sot -weed factor 91 
 
 South River, storm toward. . .103 
 
 Social pleasures lOy 
 
 South River Club 110, 131 
 
 Society Colonial, ranks of.... 126 
 Southern provinces, not puri- 
 tanical 142 
 
 Sons of Liberty 151 
 
 Soldier deserts 157 
 
 Soaper, James P 256 
 
 Soldiers, right of, to vote 258' 
 
 South River, patrol on 281 
 
 South Carolina 283 
 
 Soldiers vote in Annapolis. . . • 310 
 
 Soldiers, negro 313 
 
 Soldiers of A. meet in conflict. 314 
 
 Soldiers, fraternization of 3 15 
 
 Society, A. A. Co. Historical. 320 
 Spa Creek 19, a5
 
 INDEX. 
 
 387 
 
 Space on water side for ware- 
 house in A 65 
 
 Speculation as to origin of St. 
 
 Anne's 68 
 
 Spry. John 84 
 
 Spaniard , on left 1 02 
 
 Sprigg.Col. Edward, speaker. 104 
 Spinkfe, Daniel, executed. . . .118 
 Speech of Sec. of Tuesday Clubl.34 
 
 Spencer 147 
 
 Sprigg. Riohar 1 209 
 
 Spriggs. Saul -39 
 
 Sparks. Dr. Edward 259 
 
 Spencer, Col 282 
 
 Speech of Gov. Hicks 98:^ 
 
 Spirit of impro^-ement in An. .315 
 
 Spa Bridge 316 
 
 %a. Bridge over the 318, 324 
 
 Spaulding, G. W., baggage- 
 master ..'...320 
 
 Spirit of Improvement 323 
 
 Sparrow. Thos 167 
 
 Sprigg, Benjamin 168 
 
 Sprigg, Thomas 170 
 
 Stone, Captain. 19 
 
 Stone. Gov., proclaims Prince 
 
 of Wales 24 
 
 Stone made Gov. by com 'r 25 
 
 Stone removed imder misun- 
 derstanding 25 
 
 Stone's men execrate the Puri- 
 tans 35 
 
 Stone proclaims the Piiritans 
 
 rebels 27 
 
 Strong, Leonard. Mr -. 28 
 
 Strong. Leonard. . .29, 30, 31, 82 
 
 Stringent Laws 3i 
 
 Stone, Gov 32 
 
 St. Mary's men declare they 
 will have the government 32 
 
 Stone, Capt. William 33 
 
 Stone's men plunder a house. . 34 
 Stone. Gov., in ignorance of 
 
 intentions of Puritans . . 34 
 Stone, Gov., arrives at the 
 
 Severn 34 
 
 St. Mary's men defy Puritans. 35 
 
 St. Mary's men kill a man 36 
 
 St. Mary's men routed 36 
 
 Stone, Gov., yields on quarter 
 
 given 36 
 
 Stone. Gov. , eondemed to death 36 
 Stone, Gov., wounded 36 
 
 St. Mary's county 39 
 
 St. Mary's 39, 40 
 
 State's Records, loss of 40 
 
 State House destroyed by fire. 40 
 St. Mary's, removal of capital 
 
 from 55 
 
 St. Mary's, the venerated capi- 
 tal .16 
 
 St. Mary's undisturbed until 
 
 1683 56 
 
 St. Mary's, capital, once mort 
 
 settled 50 
 
 St. Mary's has a life tenure 
 
 in the capital 56 
 
 Struggle, a brief 57 
 
 St. Mary's, hope of 58 
 
 St. Mary's immolated .58 
 
 St. Mary's, a mere landing 
 
 place 58 
 
 St. Mary's has several disad- 
 vantages 58 
 
 St. Mary's Catholic, Legisla- 
 ture Protestant 57 
 
 State House at St. Mary's 57 
 
 State House in Annapolis 57 
 
 St. Mary's petition Gov. Xich- 
 
 olson 57 
 
 St. Mary's rejoices at Gov. 
 
 Nicholson elevation 58 
 
 St. Mary's prays for the quiet 
 
 of Gov. Nicholson 58 
 
 St. Mary's asks to claim an- 
 cient franchises 58 
 
 St. Mary's people Catholics... 58 
 
 State House at St. Mary's 58 
 
 St. Mary's, State Plouse. at... 58 
 
 State House at Annapolis 58 
 
 St. Mary's tries to keep capital 58 
 St. Mary's capital for 60 years 59 
 
 St. Mary's, spring, at 59 
 
 St. Mary's, advantages of . . . . 60 
 St. Mary's, accessibleness of... 60 
 St. Mary's uncentral position 
 
 for capital 60 
 
 St. Mary's solicitous for reputa- 
 tion of. 61 
 
 St. Mary's, reply of Legis. to. 61 
 St. Mary's compared to Pha- 
 
 roah's Kine 61 
 
 St. jMary's unequally ranks.... 62 
 St. Mary 's called ill-improvers 62 
 Stir of a new vitality in Annap 63 
 State House, first in Annap.... 66
 
 INDEX. 
 
 State House has a tragic history 67 
 St. Anne's Parish estab. 1692. 68 
 St. Anne's once Middle Neck 
 
 Parish 68 
 
 St. Anne's ^^ 
 
 St. Anne's, selection of its site 69 
 
 St. Anne's finished 69 
 
 St. Anne's built in shape of T. 69 
 
 St. Anne's faces east 69 
 
 St. Anne's, General Assembly 
 
 heedful of 60 
 
 St. Anne's three lots 69 
 
 St. Anne's inconvenient to 
 
 parishioners 69 
 
 St. Anne's too little .... 70 
 
 St. Anne's, room wanted in... 71 
 
 St. Anne's enlarged, 1740 71 
 
 Stuart, William.. ^._^ 71 
 
 Stamp officer, in 1765 71 
 
 Strain, Robert "71 
 
 St. Anne's, wardens of. threate 71 
 
 St. .Tames, curate of 7p 
 
 St. Anne's, protege of State, . 73 
 St. Anne's falls into ruin ... 73 
 5Jt. Anne's poem on, in Gazette 73 
 St. Anne's, Assembly asked to 74 
 St. Anne's, trustees of, 1774. 75 
 State gives £1500 to St. Anne's 75 
 St.Anne's.State gives £1500 to 75 
 
 St. Anne's with steeple 75 
 
 State pew in St. Anne's 75 
 
 St. Anne's, State pews in 75 
 
 St. Anne's subscribers to 
 
 choose pews in 75 
 
 St. Anne's, Gallery's for pa- 
 rishioners, slaves, and ser- 
 vants 75 
 
 St. Anne's, organist of 75 
 
 St. Anne's, dark day for. . . . 75 
 St. Anne's, the Point Look Out 75 
 St. Anne's, rector of, ^lalcolm, 
 
 Keene 75 
 
 St. Anne's, cost of. in 1792 ... 75 
 
 St. Anne's burned 75 
 
 St. Anne's bell tolls its requiem 75 
 
 St. Anne's rebuilt 76 
 
 St. Anne's, change of spirit. . 77 
 
 St. Anne's in front ranks 77 
 
 St. Anne's, report of rector... 77 
 
 St. Anne's Chapel 77 
 
 St. Philip's Chapel 77 
 
 St. Anne's ancient communion 
 vessels 77 
 
 St. John's, Library of 79 
 
 State House, second in Annap 80 
 State House, emblem of pov- 
 erty 81 
 
 St. Michaels, feast day of 88 
 
 St. Philip's day 90 
 
 St. Jacob's day. 90 
 
 St. Michael, the Arch angel... 90 
 Stc'te House, very beautiful... 91 
 Stoddard's, James, survey of A 97 
 State House destroyed by fire. 97 
 
 State House Circle. 97 
 
 State Library 98 
 
 Stewart, Dr.' Chas 102 
 
 Storm towards vSouth River... 103 
 
 St. Anne's Parish 108 
 
 State House 108 
 
 Stewart, ^[r. Vincent, killed. ..115 
 Steadman. Mary, murdered. . .116 
 St. Anne's, Gov. Ogle interredll7 
 Stewart, Geo., election of, set 
 
 aside 120 
 
 Stewart, Wm 120 
 
 Stocking manufactory 120 
 
 State House, bills of credit forl20 
 
 Styles of the time 128 
 
 Streets with no pavements 129 
 
 St. George's festival 136 
 
 Stage in Annapolis 140 
 
 St. Tamina 148 
 
 Stamp act in Annapolis 149 
 
 Stamped paper returned 151 
 
 Stage patronized by Gov. EdenloB 
 
 St. Anne's bell....." 158 
 
 St. Tamina society 159 
 
 Stewart, George 159 
 
 State House, the third in An. 161 
 State House, dimensions of . . .162 
 
 State Convention 169 
 
 Stewart. Mr. Anthony. .171, 172, 
 
 173 
 Steuben, Major-Gen. Baron.. 185 
 
 Stratagem of Lafaye*:te 187 
 
 State, address of, to Washing. 203 
 
 State, reply of Wash, to 204 
 
 Steuben, Baron, Washington's 
 
 letter to 305 
 
 St. John's College 208 
 
 Steret, John , . .209 
 
 St. John's injured by a politi- 
 cal fued 313 
 
 St. John's, Lottery for 213 
 
 St. John's claim, settlement of214
 
 INDEX. 
 
 389 
 
 St. Johu's, appropriation to... 3 14 
 
 St. John'.s seized 214 
 
 St. John's, Wash, visit to. . . .218 
 St. .John's College and Wash. 219 
 
 Steven, Vachel 223 
 
 Stone, John Hoskins 326 
 
 Sterrett, Sam'l. Capt 237 
 
 Sterrett, John 227 
 
 St. Anne's Church stoned 235 
 
 Stuart, Major Alex 235 
 
 State public meeting 249 
 
 Steamer Surprise 254 
 
 Stiles, Geo. & Son 254 
 
 Stephen, John 255 
 
 State and U. S.. conflict bet.. 255 
 Star Chamber of Annapolis... 226 
 State Managers, unnamed . . -256 
 
 StrawVjerry Hill farm 256 
 
 State Library 359 
 
 Stewart, Peggy 266 
 
 States' cannon used in riot. • -371 
 
 State House, fire in 273 
 
 Steele, James B 273 
 
 Star, the Democratic 273 
 
 St. John's College cadets 282 
 
 Stewart, Capt 282 
 
 Stalker, Jno. E 284 
 
 Stockett, Frank H 297 
 
 Steam Ferry Boat "Ready'". .300 
 
 Stewart, Dr. Geo. H 303 
 
 St. Mary's Catholic Church. .304 
 
 St. Martin's Church 305 
 
 Steip, John 305 
 
 Stewart, Anthony, house of. .308 
 Stewart, brig Peggy, bowl from309 
 Steam fire engine in Annap....311 
 St. Anne's Mission Chapel, a 
 
 memorial 312 
 
 St. John's College 312 
 
 State receives from A.&E.R.R313 
 Stockett, Frank H.,stafEofficer8l3 
 
 Steam Ferry boat 31-^ 
 
 St. John's College, report on.. 317 
 St. John's College, property of317 
 
 Stockett, J. Schaaf ". . . 330 
 
 Stanley, William, killed 320 
 
 Statue of Taney 324 
 
 Statue of De Kalb 324 
 
 State Museum 324 
 
 Storm overtakes settlers 328 
 
 State subscription approved... 3 
 SypoUs, Henry 229 
 
 State subscription, members 
 who 7 
 
 Streets, powers over 338 
 
 Stewart, Chas 167 
 
 Steuart, David 16? 
 
 Steele, John 167 
 
 Stiff. Wm 167 
 
 Stiff, Thomas 167 
 
 Steiger, Jordan 167 
 
 Stewart, Anthony 167 
 
 Stringer. Richard 170, 176 
 
 Steward, Stephen 170, 176 
 
 Susquehannock Indians 23 
 
 Susquehanna Indians 28 
 
 Susquehannas desire peace.... 28 
 Susquehannock eml)assadors. . 55 
 
 Submitted to the King 57 
 
 Sudden removal of capital ... 60 
 Sugar Plum of all the Mayors 
 
 coaches 62 
 
 SuV)scribers to choose pews in 
 
 St. Anne's 75 
 
 Subscription to free schools.... 78 
 Supscription to the Gazette. . . .99 
 Support of garrison at Cape 
 
 Breton 105 
 
 Sullivan, Daniel. gibbetted....ll6 
 Sufferers, collection for Bostonl20 
 
 Sun of England 129 
 
 Susquehanna.... 161 
 
 wSuggestiou of Gen. Wash 163 
 
 Suspension of St. John's ap- 
 propriation 210 
 
 Sullivan. .John 222 
 
 Somerville, Wm 326 
 
 Sutton, Sam'l 248 
 
 Sunday Schools 255 
 
 Sutton, Capt.. decided to put 
 
 into A 268 
 
 Sunday work and barbers 314 
 
 Sullivan. C. A 316 
 
 Suicide of Lt. Danenhower. . .321 
 
 Susquehannahs 332 
 
 Swithson, Thos., donates to K. 
 
 W's. school 79 
 
 Swann. Richard 263, 273 
 
 Swann, Thomas 303 
 
 Swope, J. H 305 
 
 Swann, 3Irs. Richard 307 
 
 Swann, R 316 
 
 Sympathy for Boston 168
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Tax to build church in Annap. 65 
 Taxable persons in St. Anne's 68 
 
 Taylard. Mr. William 69 
 
 Tax bill to raise sinking fund. 71 
 Tasker, Col. Ben. 71. 96, 07, 146 
 
 Tasker Thomas 78 
 
 Taylor. Edward 8 
 
 Thorton, William 7i 
 
 Theatre had been introduced.. 75 
 Thomas, archbishop of Cantr'y^77 
 
 Thompson, John 73 
 
 Thompson. Richard 86 
 
 The first newspaper in Md 94 
 
 The Maryhxnd' Gazette 94 
 
 TaVlard.Mr.Clarke,mistrusted 85 Thomas, Robert . 97 
 
 Tax on tobacco IO1 
 
 Tax imposed without authorityl 05 
 Tasker, Esq., Ben. actsasGov.117 
 
 Tasker. Benj.. :v 118. 159 
 
 Tannery set up "'y Thos. HydellO 
 
 Tavern! Signs...." 129 
 
 Tamina, vSt 142 
 
 Tatswell. John 
 Tar and feather 
 
 Talbot Court II use 220 
 
 Tate. Robt. W B11 
 
 Tate. James E 311 
 
 Taylor. Geo. M 31 > 
 
 Taney statue. 324 
 
 Taxes on real estate 340 
 
 The second newspaper in Md.. 98 
 
 The Pretender 101 
 
 The Freemen of iNfaryland 106 
 
 Three Governor's messages in 
 
 one day 107 
 
 Tlie Indians 108 
 
 The Puritans 108 
 
 155 The Gazette 109 
 
 173 Three companies go to CanadallQ 
 
 Thornton. William, sheriff lit 
 
 The legislature prorogued II3 
 
 Thames. Frigate 116 
 
 Theatre on West street 121 
 
 The First Citizen, letters of... 121 
 
 The sexton. Sol. Mogg 12.5 
 
 The :\Iaryland Gazette 125 
 
 Terms of purchase of lots ■'SB ^ _ „ 
 
 Temporary remo-als of capital 56 Thornton, Wm . , Esq . , to frame 
 
 Tenure vain, for St. Mary's. . .56 discourse 133 
 
 Tench. Hon. Thomas 64 Theatre m Annapolis 139 
 
 Tench. Esq , Thomas 84 
 
 Ten persons to be common 
 
 couneilmen 88 
 
 Temple street 97 
 
 Ten persons struck by light- 
 ning 110 
 
 Tea burnt at Annapolis 171 
 
 Temperance in politics 261 
 
 Testimony of Dan. T._ Hyde. 269 
 
 Telegraph to Annapolis 281 
 
 Telephone and telegraph in 
 
 Annapolis 324 
 
 Threatening speeches 32 
 
 The Battle of the Severn 33 
 
 Thurston, Thos., before the 
 
 Governor 38 
 
 Thurston, Thos., desires to 
 
 leave ProA-iuce 38 
 
 Thomas Trueman, impeach- 
 ment of 54 
 
 Three clergymen from Anne 
 
 Arundel 66 
 
 Three lots for St. Anne's 69 
 
 The first American theatre 146 
 
 Theatre, the first American....! 46 
 
 Theatre opened 147 
 
 Theatre, site of 147 
 
 Theatre on Gloucester St. . • 148 
 The stamp act in Annapolis... 149 
 
 The King's passengers 1.57 
 
 Thornton, Mrs. Commodore ..323 
 
 Thomas, John 315, 316, 323 
 
 The St. Tamina Society 159 
 
 Third State House in Annap. . 161 
 
 The third State House 161 
 
 Three islands, mouth West 
 
 River 174 
 
 Thousands of French auxillia- 
 
 ries 187 
 
 Thomas, Nicholas 220 
 
 Thompson, Alex 222. 229 
 
 Theatre. Annap.22«, 140, 141, 148 
 The Ancient Regime disap- 
 pears 228 
 
 Thompson, Richard, Jr 229 
 
 Thompson, Jane 229
 
 INDEX. 
 
 391 
 
 Thomas' Point, British sloop ori234 
 
 ' 'The G-lorioas Nineteen, " 244 
 
 Thomas, Geo. A ..245,248 
 
 Thomas, Jno. B 248, 250 
 
 Thompson, W. R 259 
 
 Three rifles leveled on Judge 
 
 Brewer 271 
 
 The Democratic Star 273 
 
 The First Citizen 275 
 
 Thanksgiving, proclamation of 281 
 
 Thompson, Wm. H 282 
 
 The College Green. 302 
 
 The Governor's Polly 302 
 
 The third Gubernatorial Man- 
 sion 302 
 
 Third Gubernatorial Mansion. 302 
 
 "The Old Blue Church," 303 
 
 The Ball Boom 305 
 
 The Old City Hall 305 
 
 The City Hotel 305 
 
 The Gazette and State Printing3l2 
 
 Thompson, Prof. Wm. H 312 
 
 The Gazette explains defeat.. 31<j 
 The Court House of Annapolis 318 
 
 The Chase Mansion 30'J 
 
 The llarwood Residence 30G 
 
 The Ogle House 307 
 
 The Paca dwelling 307 
 
 The Iglehart House 307 
 
 The Pinkuey House 308 
 
 The Liberty Tree 308 
 
 The Dove, (Note) 328 
 
 The Ark, (Note) 328 
 
 The Charter of Annapolis 334 
 
 Thompson. Richard 167 
 
 Thimuis, John 168 
 
 Thomas, John 176 
 
 Timid deputies lose the gov- 
 ernment 57 
 
 Tilghman, Maj., Wm., clerk.. 104 
 Times, customs of the, 1765... 124 
 Times, 'dress of the time 1765.124 
 
 Times are dreadful, &c 151 
 
 Tilghman, Mathew.169, i74, 175 
 
 Tilghman, Lusby 2.^6 
 
 Tilghman, James.. 166 
 
 Tillard, Thomas .176 
 
 Took possession of unoccupied 
 
 lands l8 
 
 Town originally intended 18 
 
 Town laid at Greensbury's.... 18 
 
 Toeld, Thomas 18 
 
 Tomb of the Ridgleys 18 
 
 Todd, tomb of 19 
 
 Token to be brought by In- 
 dians 30 
 
 Town at Proctors, tnadeaport 52 
 To draw up a bill o I' attainder. 55 
 
 Town at Proctors 57, 58 
 
 Town Land at Pro 'tors.... 62, 146 
 Town at port of Atme Arundel 62 
 Town and port at Severn. ... 63 
 Topp, Edwd., at Annapolis... 66 
 
 Town clerk of Anaapolis 66 
 
 To treat with workmen to 
 
 build 69 
 
 Topp, Rev. Mr 69 
 
 Tootell, Richard 71, 170 
 
 Tombstone of Evati Jones 76 
 
 Tombstone of Amo5 Garrett... 76 
 Town of Annapolis, attempt 
 
 upon 83 
 
 Town and port of Annapolis. . 87 
 
 Town-common 94 
 
 Torres, Francis, advertisement 1 00 
 
 Tobacco, tax on 100 
 
 Tootell, Mr 103 
 
 Tobacco, taxed without law. ...105 
 
 Tolley's Point 109 
 
 Tom, a negro, executed Hi 
 
 Tobacco from America 127 
 
 Totaess, ship, burned 174 
 
 Toasts at inauguration of Govl83 
 
 Toasts on treaty of peace 194 
 
 Toasts at dinner to Wash205,;2l8 
 Toasts at dinner to Wash. . . .318 
 Toasts at Masonic celebration 22S 
 
 Tootell, John 329 
 
 Toasts at banquet to William 
 
 Pinkuey 238 
 
 Toasts at banquet on downfall 
 
 of Napoleon 23G 
 
 Topper, Samuel, arrested 300 
 
 Tongue, Beujamin 301 
 
 Townley, B^raucis 307 
 
 Town clock in Annapolis 315 
 
 Town not dead. 325 
 
 Toury, William 167 
 
 Towsou, Thomas 167 
 
 Tract of 250 acres surveyed.... 18 
 Trade committee decides for 
 
 Lord Baltimore 36 
 
 Treaty of peace with Indians 
 
 ui 1666 40 
 
 Trade to be done at ports 55 
 
 Troops invest a fort 54
 
 892 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Trueman, Thomas, impeach- 
 ment of 54 
 
 Trueman, Major, found 55 
 
 Trueman escapes punishment. 55 
 Tradesmen given land in An- 
 napolis ... 63 
 
 Tradesmen put outside city 
 
 limits 64 
 
 Tradesmen not to annoy one 
 
 another 64 
 
 Trustees of St. Anne's, 1774.. 75 
 Trustees of King William's 
 
 school 78 
 
 Treasurer's Building 81 
 
 Trespass and ejectment 91 
 
 Trade act to advance. 96 
 
 Tradesmen, encouragement of 96 
 
 Transiiioii material 108 
 
 Trying period for Gov. Eden.. 153 
 
 Trade at Annapolis 109 
 
 Troops, Maryland 182 
 
 Trenton and Princeton 139 
 
 Treaty of peace celebrated 194 
 
 Trenton and Annapolis. 200 
 
 Truine, Mathew 229 
 
 Tray, Francis 305 
 
 Treaty of peace under poplar.. 309 
 
 U 
 
 Union pole and Flag raising... 299 
 Union Home Guard formed... 2 99 
 Union members of Gov. Guards 
 
 secede 299 
 
 Union Ticket 313 
 
 Unsworth, John 107 
 
 Unwilling to trust Mr. Taylard 85 
 United States and State officers255 
 
 Trade of Annapolis declines... 31^ 
 Traces of trade in Annapolis. .320 
 Trade revives in Annapolis. ..320 
 
 Treatment of Indians 331 
 
 Tuesday club 131 
 
 Tuesday club, conundrums of .135 
 
 Tuition at St. John's 310, 211 
 
 Tumblert, Geo 229 
 
 Tuck, Washington G 255 
 
 Turf, the, in Annapolis 258 
 
 Tuck, W. G 259 
 
 Tuck, W. G.,Capt 299 
 
 Tuck, W. H 316 
 
 Tuck, Wm 167 
 
 Two substantial changes of 
 
 capital 56 
 
 Two market days in a week.... 57 
 Two fairs a year in Annap, 65, 90 
 
 Two fair days 94 
 
 Two hurt severely 110 
 
 Two military companies at An- 
 napolis 170 
 
 Two halves of a lemon 270 
 
 Two centuries, a retrospect of275 
 
 Tyler, John 226 
 
 Tysalel, Robt 289 
 
 Tyler, Arson 305 
 
 Upshur, Commander 266 
 
 Upper House refuses to concur 51 
 Upper House gave a sharp repl 57 
 Upper House disclaim any inte 92 
 
 Upper Marlboro 147 
 
 Urquhart's, Mrs., Spring. . . .225 
 Utie, Col. Nathaniel 37 
 
 Van Horn, a congressman. . . .227 
 
 Vausant, Joshua 284 
 
 Vanville Rangers 282 
 
 Vanguard of sick arrive 298 
 
 Vacancies, how filled 335 
 
 Varndel, John 167 
 
 Vallette, Eli 167 
 
 Vessels licensed 177 
 
 Vessels, arms, ammunition tak 36 
 Vestrymen of St. Aune'sin.. . 08 
 Vestrymen of St. Anne's, 1704 09 
 Vestry of St. Anne's lays its 
 grievances 69 
 
 Vestry of St. Anne's order a., 73 
 Verse, Annapolis described on 98 
 
 Verdict of Jury 112 
 
 Verling 147 
 
 Very quiet Indians 160 
 
 Veazey, Gov. Thomas W 249 
 
 Veazey, Gov 250 
 
 Virginia 19 
 
 Visitation of the clergy 65 
 
 Villiauous designs 8t 
 
 Villians break into Council ... 84 
 
 Viun, Edward, in pillory 118 
 
 Violence of the people 156
 
 INDEX. 
 
 39S 
 
 Virginia Convention to Md... .155 
 
 View from State House 162 
 
 Vindex 185 
 
 Visitors and Govs, of St. Jno's.209 
 Visit of La Fayette to Annap.239 
 Vindication of Judge Brewer. 272 
 Views of Annap. Gazette on 
 crises 282, 288 
 
 Visitof A. E. Borie 316 
 
 Volumes, quaint and curious.. 79 
 
 Voyage to Maryland 91, 327 
 
 Volunteers against Indians. .,119 
 
 Vote of Annapolis in 1860 281 
 
 VoUmer, Frederick 305 
 
 Voorhees, Philip R 308 
 
 W 
 
 Warner, James 19 
 
 War could only decide it 32 
 
 Washington, John 47 
 
 WarfielJ, Richard 68, 97, 98 
 
 Wardens of St. Anne's threat- 
 en non-attendents 71 
 
 Walls of St. Anne's alone re- 
 mained 76 
 
 Walls of second State House 
 
 good 81 
 
 Waters, Mr. John 82 
 
 W. Bladen, clerk of Council... 87 
 
 Warfield,Mr. Alex 96 
 
 Water, men walking on 101 
 
 Watson, William 103 
 
 Warehouse lost by fire 110 
 
 Walker. Dr. James 114 
 
 Washington, Col. Geo 119 
 
 Wallis, John, chimney sweep. 130 
 
 Wagstaflfe, Richard...' 180 
 
 Wax figures in i^nnapolis. . . .139 
 
 Washington, George 144, 220 
 
 Wall .147 
 
 Walker 147 
 
 Wagon manf . of Hutton Bros. 147 
 
 Washington, guest at 152- 
 
 Water gives place to land 157 
 
 Water and made land 157 
 
 Washington resigns military 
 
 commission 163 
 
 Washington, suggestion of.... 163 
 Wallace, Mr. Chas., chairmanl75 
 Wallace, Charles.. .101. 170. 176, 
 177, 181 
 
 Washington in Annapolis 192 
 
 Washington, Gen 196 
 
 Washington resigns his mili- 
 tary com. at Annapolis. . .200 
 Washington arrives at Annap. 201 
 Washing's, room in City Hotel201 
 
 Walton. Col. John ' 201 
 
 Walton. Dr. J. Randolph. 201, 318 
 Washington 201,203 
 
 Washington, address to 202 
 
 Washington reply to Council 
 
 of State 202 
 
 Washington, address to An. to203 
 Washington, President, visit 
 
 to Annapolis 218 
 
 Washington visit St. John's. ..218 
 Washington's reply to Annap.203 
 Washi igton address of State to203 
 Washington, reply of, to State204 
 Washington's letter to Baron 
 
 Steuben 205 
 
 Washington and his aids 206 
 
 Walker, Col. Benj 206 
 
 Washington's address 206 
 
 Washington, Gen. Mifflin's ad- 
 dress to 207 
 
 Washington College 208 
 
 Washington, dinner to.. 218, 219 
 
 Washington, journey of 219 
 
 Washington and St. John's 
 
 College 219 
 
 Washington, nephews of 220 
 
 Washington's reception 221 
 
 Washington, mourning for. ...224 
 
 War of 1812 233 
 
 Watkins, J. N.237, 258, 259. 260, 
 
 261, 304 
 Watkins and Chaudler fight... 235 
 
 Watson's, Capt., troops 240 
 
 Warfield's. Capt., troops 240 
 
 Watson. Robert 248 
 
 Warfield, Lancelot 256 
 
 Waters. Ramsay 263 
 
 Warrington, Commodore 266 
 
 Ward, Prof 266 
 
 Walton, Col. John, testifies. ..269 
 Wallace. James L...270. 297, 306 
 
 Walton, Col. John 284 
 
 War excitement in Annap. . . .285 
 
 Watts. Wm 301 
 
 Waugh. Dr. J. W 301 
 
 Waters, Thomas G 304
 
 394 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Walton, Col., has notable bowl309 
 Waite, Col. C. A., U. S. A.. ..310 
 Watklns, Capt. Thos., Provost 
 
 Marshal 313 
 
 "Waterworks, Annapolis. . . ...314 
 
 Watkins, T. H., wounded. . . .315 
 
 Wallis, S. T.. oration of 324 
 
 Waterwitch Hook and Ladder 
 
 Co 16 
 
 Wardens of the Port 338 
 
 Water, Martin 168 
 
 Warren, John 168 
 
 Watkins, Thomas 170 
 
 Watkins, Stephen 170 
 
 Warfleld, Alex., Dr. Chas. . . .176 
 
 Waters, Thomas G 261 
 
 Warrosquoyacke county 19 
 
 Wells, Mr. Richard 31 
 
 Werard, Peter 71 
 
 Welsh epitaph 76 
 
 Wells, Hon. Geo., presents a 
 
 bell 76 
 
 Wells, Hon. George, protests 
 
 against furnace 76 
 
 Wells, Daniel 82 
 
 Welsh, Sylvester 83 
 
 Welsh to "Wells ; 83 
 
 Wells to We' sh 83 
 
 Wells, Daniel 83 
 
 Welsh, Capt., discharged 83 
 
 Welsh, John 97 
 
 West, Jr.. Stepney, manufac.ill 
 
 W'ealthy Government 145 
 
 Welch, Benj., will pay no tax. 150 
 
 Weems, John 168 
 
 Welch, Chas. S , 174 
 
 Webster. Noah, visits Annap.. 221 
 
 Wells, Wm 229 
 
 Weems, Rev. Mason L 235 
 
 Welcome address to La Fayette239 
 
 Welch, Robt .' 255 
 
 Weems, Mr. John C 259 
 
 Weems, Capt 250 
 
 Wells, Geo. Jr 359, 260, 261 
 
 Wesley Chapel 305 
 
 Welch's, Chas. S.. property... 308 
 Wells, Hon. Geo., President 
 
 A. &E. R. R 313 
 
 Wesley Chapel congregation. .315 
 
 Welling, James C 316 
 
 Wells, Geo 262, 263, 303, 315 
 
 Wells, Elijah 363 
 
 Western Hotel invaded 269 
 
 Wealth of oysters 275- 
 
 Wells, John H., 1st Lieut 280 
 
 West River 282 
 
 West River Guard 282 
 
 Wesley Chapel 305 
 
 Wells, Dr. Geo 316, 321 
 
 Weapons, not lawful to be 
 
 carried 341 
 
 Weeden. Oliver 168 
 
 Wtems, John 170, 176 
 
 Whipped publicly, E. Erberry 41 
 Wholesome springs at St. 
 
 Mary's 59 
 
 Workman, Anthony, donates. 78 
 Whitfield visits Annapolis. . . .110 
 
 Whalen, Richard 117 
 
 Whipping of a reverend 187 
 
 Whig Club of Baltimore 157 
 
 Whetcroft, William 177 
 
 Whitting, condemned 225 
 
 Wheeler, Bennett 225 
 
 Whetcroft, Burton 229, 230 
 
 Wharf at end of Prince 
 
 George's street 228 
 
 Whetcroft, Henry 229 
 
 Whigs were strongest 244 
 
 Whigs 245, 250 
 
 Why Senate rejects nomina- 
 tions 250 
 
 White, J. Wesley .304, 316 
 
 Wheeler, John 305 
 
 Wharton trial 318 
 
 White's, Father Andrew. 
 
 Journal 327 
 
 Wharves may be repaired. . . -338 
 Witch hanged on shiplioard... 49 
 
 Williamson, Rev. Alex 72 
 
 William in, of England 77 
 
 Williams 83 
 
 Wilson, Major 83 
 
 Williams, a conspirator 83 
 
 Wilson, Josiah 86. 88 
 
 Wilson, .John 100 
 
 William and Anne, ship 103 
 
 Williamson, Thos., manufact'rlll 
 Williams, Elisha. drowned... . 112 
 Wilson, Josepn, conterfeiter..ll6 
 
 Wilson, Geo 117 
 
 Winchelsea. ship, armed. .113, 115 
 
 Wild bear 118 
 
 Windmill on Windmill Point. 120 
 
 Will of William Farris 122 
 
 Wilson, Capt. Robert 126
 
 INDEX. 
 
 395 
 
 69 
 70 
 
 71 
 
 Wi'lof Gen. Washington 148 Wooten, Rev. James 
 
 Wiirnell Mr 148 Worthington, Thomas 
 
 Williams, Thos. C. and Co 171 Wolfstenhone, D aniel.. ........ 
 
 Williams Jas.. 167, 172, 173, Woodcock, Mr., organist of ht 
 
 225,226,229 Anne's 
 
 Williams, Joseph 172, 173 Wootton, James.. »^ 
 
 wuv,-n« wniiftm...l67. 177. 181 Woodchuck's Rest -;.. «•> 
 
 Workman, Anthony, abas 
 
 75 
 
 Wilkins, William... 167, 177, 
 
 Williams, OttoH 196 
 
 Williams, Gen 196 
 
 Wilkerson, William 226 
 
 Williams, Wm 229 
 
 Wisepam, 
 
 William ^J 
 
 Wood, Thomas 100 
 
 ,,.„ _„„ Worthington, Mr. Thomas 10^ 
 
 John'""' 229 Worm bites in Patapsco Ill 
 
 Women, negro, executed 116 
 
 Wilmot, Mr. Chas. F "-i^o Woman kills a man 121 
 
 Williamson, J 258 Woodcock, ^/^ t -f J J,;;^"^ 
 
 Woman and The Lovely 
 Nancy 1^° 
 
 Worthington. B. T. B 16» 
 
 Williamson, James 242 
 
 F 256 
 
 Williamson, 
 
 Wiggins, Daniel H 25J 
 
 Windmill of D. H. Wiggins... 259 
 
 Williams, Amos A 262 
 
 Windmill, a 266 
 
 Wilson, Thos. J., proposes 
 Maryland to set up sepa- 
 rate sovereignty 282 
 
 Wilson, Thomas, elected re- 
 corder 285 
 
 Wolfe, Gen 253 
 
 Woodford, Henry • ^^^ 
 
 Workingmen's meeting in An- 
 napolis 
 
 Worthington & Co 
 
 Woodward, Regnal D 
 
 284 
 312 
 313 
 
 Wilson, ThosVj":::::::::::::::::::3oo workingm;n's b & l. Ass'n.325 
 
 Williams. Rev. Robt. H. 304, 320 Worthmgton, William ^^' 
 
 Woolford, John 'A i"fl 
 
 Worthington, Brice T. B.170, 1 <» 
 Wright, Isaac, counterfeiter. 116 
 
 Wren, Sir Christopher. 1*8 
 
 Wright, Solomon 220 
 
 Wright, Robt., Gov 2.J6 
 
 Wilson, Col. Thos. J., pay- 
 
 Wilson, W. ii. F., death of. ..321 
 
 Williams, Joseph 167 
 
 Wilkinson, J 16^; 
 
 Willatt, William 167 "/^fe'';;' "7^"-' ^ o;^5 
 
 Wilmot. Edward. 168 Wright, .TohnJ,.. 3^^ 
 
 Williams. Edward 261 Wright, Charles 
 
 Wiggins. Daniel H 261 Wyat, Mcholas 
 
 Women, able, jury of 44 Wyat Rev. Mr ^-J 
 
 Workmen to biuld St. Anne's 69 Wyvill. Marmaduke, 1'^ 
 
 18 
 252 
 
 Yarley, ^Francis 25, 28 
 
 Young, Mr »4 
 
 Young. Richaril '•■•; • °^ 
 
 Young. Sam'l 
 
 97 
 
 Young, Col. Sam'l -. • ••97 
 
 York hung for horse stealing. lid 
 
 Yorktown. 
 
 .187 
 
 Zielke, Charles ^05 ZouaveCorps. 
 
 .29»
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Page 213, Sec. par., 1st line, read through, for though. 
 
 Page 292, sec. par., 15th line, read Constitution, for "Constella- 
 tion." 
 
 Page 78, Thomas Lasker, should be Thomas Tasker. 
 
 Page 152, "Robt. Eden became Governor of Maryland in 1760," 
 should be 1769. 
 
 Page 154, second paragraph. 3rd line, read excepted, for accepted. 
 
 Page 224, last paragraph, 1st line, read 1800, for 1880. 
 
 Page 248, in date of card, read 1836, for 1826. 
 
 Page 308, 6th paragraph, 3rd line, read Thomas Jennings, for 
 Edmund.
 
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