HISTORY OF 
 
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An Illustrated History 
 
 OF 
 
 MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 A COMPLETE CIVIL, POLITICAL, AND MILI- 
 TARY HISTORY OF THE COUNTY, FROM 
 ITS EARLIEST PERIOD OF OR- 
 GANIZATION DOWN TO 1896. 
 
 INCLUDING SKETCHES OF PIONEER LIFE, ANEC- 
 DOTES, BIOGRAPHY, AND LONG-DRAWN 
 REMINISCENCES SPUN OUT BY THE 
 "OLDEST INHABITANT." 
 
 BY 
 
 ANK HICKENLOOPER, 
 
 ALBIA, IOWA. 
 1896. 
 
 Sold Only on Subscription. 
 
'T7.Sfi» 
 
 
 >1 
 
 r%^'> 
 
 \1.^ 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1896, 
 
 By frank HICKENLOOPER, 
 
 In the Office of the Librarian of Congrass, at Washington, D. C. 
 
ERRATA. 
 
 ( )n pa^es 50-51, in all names tollowing lliat of Ira 15. Ilutchins, lo that 
 of 'riios. I. Forest, cxceptinij those of N. 15. .Moore and <) S. McCoy, the 
 (late of mustering in should read: "July 17> 'f"-" 
 
 ( )n pajje 138. thinl para_L;raph, the name Stephen R. liarnes should read: 
 ".\lpheus R. Barnes." 
 
 On page 161, the (late f^iven in ist paragraph should read 1886; the 
 name, .A. A. Ramsay should he extracted from the 3d paragraph; and that of 
 Jo.siah T. Young inserted in the 4th, immediately after that of J. C. Roheson. 
 
 On page 277, seventh jiaragraph, sul)stitute the word "discipline" for 
 that of "doctrine." 
 
 On page 31S, the title to the illustration should read: "VVajiello Coal 
 Company s Works. Iliteman, !o\va " 
 
 TO 
 THE OLD SETTLERS WHOSE FAITH IN THE FUTURE OF 
 MONROE COUNTY 
 WAS UNSHAKEN BY THE MIDNI JHT CHORUS OF THE WILD WOLVES, THE 
 STING OF THE WINTER'S FROST CREEPING THROUGH THE "CHINK- 
 ING " OF THE CABIN W.\LLS THE SWEEP OP THE PRAIRIE FIRES, 
 THE DEPLETED MEAL-CHEST, THE STROKE OF THE PRAIRIE 
 RATTLESNAKE, THE PALL OF THE "DEEP SNOW," AND THE 
 LONELINESS OF THE PRAIRIE CABIN— HUSBANDS AND 
 WIVES, YOUTHS AND MAIDENS, WHOSE BRAVE, 
 TRUE HEARTS AND WILLING HANDS DEFIED 
 THE WILDERNESS] AND IN AFTER YEARS 
 MADE IT TO BLOSSOM AS THE RC)SE, 
 THIS VOLUME IS MOST SINCERELY DEDICATED. 
 
0/^% 
 
 -^f cn^c^^ 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1896, 
 
 By frank HICKENLOOPER, 
 
 In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 
 
TO 
 THE OLD SETTLERS WHOSE FAITH IN THE FUTURE OF 
 MONROE COUNTY 
 WAS UNSHAKEN BY THE MIDNIJHT CHORUS OF THE WILD WOLVES, THE 
 STING OF THE WINTER'S FROST CREEPING THROUGH THE "CHINK- 
 ING ' OF THE CABIN WALLS, THE SWEEP OF THE PRAIRIE FIRES, 
 THE DEPLETED MEAL-CHEST, THE STROKE OF THE PRAIRIE 
 RATTLESNAKE, THE PALL OF THE "DEEP SNOW," AND THE 
 LONELINESS OF THE PRAIRIE CABIN— HUSBANDS AND 
 WIVES, YOUTHS AND MAIDENS, WHOSE BRAVE, 
 TRUE HEARTS AND WILLING HANDS DEFIED 
 THE WILDERNESS] AND IN AFTER YEARS 
 MADE IT TO BLOSSOM AS THE ROSE, 
 THIS VOLUME IS MOST SINCERELY DEDICATED. 
 
ACKNOWLEDGMENT. 
 
 Before unfolding the contents of this volume, the Author 
 desires to express his deep sense of obligation to those who 
 have kindly aided in the preparation of this work, and espe- 
 cially to Rev. E. Lf. Waring, of Oskaloosa, Iowa, and A. R. 
 Barnes, of Albia — two gentlemen pursuing parallel paths in 
 life : the former a minister of the gospel and one of the " path- 
 finders" in pioneer church mission work; and the latter a 
 veteran in both journalism and the War of the Rebellion. 
 
 To the former the Author is indebted for valuable assist- 
 ance in tracing the history of the Methodist Epi'^copal Church 
 in Monroe County. From the latter the Author has received 
 various forms of encouragement and valuable aid, especially in 
 having granted him access to the historical data contained 
 in the preserved files of the newspapers of the county from 
 1854 to the present time. 
 
 The Author. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 It is with a mingling of both pride for the locality of 
 one's birth and a sincere desire to preserve the annals of 
 its commiinit}' that the writer has nndertaken the author- 
 ship of this volume. It may perhaps be a source of regret 
 that the work has not been performed by abler hands; and 
 especially by some one who has seen with his own eyes the 
 procession of events as they hiive transpired. However, in 
 porportiou to the disadvantage of being of a later generation, 
 the writer has endeavored, by special pains and untiring ap- 
 plication, to attain the same result a,s that which would have 
 been achieved with less difficulty by one whose life has 
 been a part of the history of Monroe County from its earliest 
 organization down to the present time. 
 
 No words of surprise need be uttered at the mutations 
 which time has wrought within the comparatively brief 
 period of the county's life. 
 
 That Monroe County should, in The course of time, 
 become one of the garden-spots of earth, was a natural 
 sequence. Already it has been verilied in part; and the 
 most sanguine di'eamer may fail to see through the mist of 
 the future the full grandeur of that which is yet to be. 
 
 The annals of a community should not be classed as 
 something trivial or commonplace. The history of a county 
 ought to be preserved, in order that some da}' it may offer 
 to the historian, whose field is of wider scope, details to 
 augment the sum total of a State's, or even of a nation's 
 history. 
 
 Another reason why it should be preserved: it sets up 
 <o posterity examples of exalted manhood and womanhood, 
 as revealed in the lives ol" the i»ioneer settlers. They were 
 men and women with brave hearts and unclouded hopes. 
 Their hands were willing and their faith was strong. They 
 "blazed"' out the lines of their habitations in the forests, 
 and broke the violet-studded sod of the prairie, in good 
 faith of a future home. 
 
 They built their "claim-pens" in the "New Purchase," 
 not that they intended to acquire the land for purposes of 
 speculati(m and trade, but that they might mark the places 
 
 7 
 
8 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 of their homesteads as soon as the Government placed the 
 land upon the market. 
 
 And there was still another "claim-pen" built by the 
 early settler, which stood as a monument of his faith and 
 a,s a testimony of his intention to remain and occupy the 
 land: it was a small enclosure built about with fence-rails 
 to keep out the wild animals or the tread of carelciss feet; 
 it was the tabernacle of the young father's and motber's 
 parental loA^e, set up in the wilderness, with the wild rose 
 and the violets as the vessels of the sanctuary; it was the 
 little grave of perhaps their first-born infant. They did 
 not carr}^ the little rudel}^ constructed coffin with its precious 
 treasure back to their old home for burial, but they planted 
 it beneath the wild sod of the prairie, or in the lonely 
 forest glades, knowing, as they planted a wild rose foir a 
 head-stone, that some day a marble shaft would take its 
 place, that some day the tamgled forest would disappear, 
 and that through the embellishing touch of civilized life the 
 little tomb would be ranged with others in avenues of 
 flowers and rows of marble and granite in the village 
 cemetery. 
 
 For accuracy of statement, the author, in many in- 
 stances, has relied solely on the memory of old settlers, 
 which, in a few cases, may lead to slight error. He has 
 also assumed the liberty of incorporating a few personal 
 reminiscences, anecdotes, and personal allusions, without 
 consulting the wishes of those whom their narration would 
 involve in publicity. These reminiscences he has regarded 
 as already belonging to the public, and they have been 
 assigned a place in this volume merely to aftord the reader 
 any pleasure he may derive from their perusal. 
 
 The roster of the Monroe County soldiers wluo served 
 in the War of the Rebellion has been compiled from the 
 Adjutant-General's Reports, mainly. The Reports them- 
 selves contain frequent inaccuracies,, which have been cor- 
 rected in this volume, wherever the errors concerned the 
 Monroe County volunteer. Thie roster is complete; yet it 
 is possible that a few names Jiave been, omitted, owing to 
 the fact that occasionally a volunteer enlisting from Monroe 
 County gave his post-office address as in some adjoining 
 county. This frequently occurred; and the Adjutant-Gen- 
 eral's Reports thus fix his residence in some other county. 
 
 This fact will account for any omissions on the part of 
 the author. 
 
HlfiTORY OF .}fONROE C0UNT7. TOWA. 9 
 
 At the dose of tlie war many of the uou-commissioiied 
 ofticeis wei-t' praiuoted in rank, and their promotion was 
 never rejtorted or recorded in the ottice of the Adjutant- 
 Ueneral. Owing to this fact, the roster herein may not 
 in every case give tlie promotions, as they were made at 
 a late period, by the (.xovernor of the State. 
 
 In the preparation of this volume the author has done 
 the very best his limited ability would allow, and hence 
 feels that he need not consume space by inserting apologies. 
 
 Frank Hickenlooper, 
 
 Alhia, Ton a, September /, 78.96'. 
 
History of Monroe County, Iowa. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 General Remarks. 
 
 If all existing- laud-marks were obliterated, leaving no 
 means of identifyinj:^ tlie surface of country comprising 
 Monroe County, Iowa, the boundary lines could be relocated 
 by going down to the mouth of the Arkansas River, where 
 there is an imaginary line running east and west, known 
 as a ''base line.'' Here the surveyor would find another 
 imaginary line, crossing the base line at right angles and 
 extending north and south. This latter line is called a 
 meridian line, and that one which the surveyor would have 
 to follow in the search for Monroe County is known as the 
 Fifth Principal Meridian. 
 
 Beginning where these two lines intersect, and ex- 
 tending east and west, and north and south, are lines marked 
 by spaces miles ajiart, which are numbered 1, 2, 3, etc. 
 Six miles north of the base line, on the meridian line, town- 
 ship 1 is marked, and the township adjoining it on the west 
 would be described as township 1, range 2, west. Proceeding 
 northward until township 71 is reached, here the surveyor 
 should turn his course due w^^st, and proceed a distance of 
 1(5 townships, as indiciited by the sixteenth range line west 
 from the Fifth Principal Meridian. These range lines, 
 which are those spacings on the base line, are exactly G 
 miles apart; but, in order to keep them equidistant, their 
 course has to be slightly rectilied about every 40 miles, else 
 the distance between them would increase with the curva- 
 ture of the eai-th. These shift ings of lines are known as 
 ''correction lines." These lines are 24 mileis apart north 
 of the base line, and guide or meridian lines are 54 miles 
 apart. Meridian lines are astronomical lines. 
 
 By following the course indicated, the surve^yor would 
 arrive at Urbana Township, situated in the southeast corner 
 of Monroe (.'ounty. This tawnsliip is therefore described 
 as township 71, range 1(>, west of the Fifth Principal 
 
 11 
 
12 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Meridiain, and by this system, all the land in the State of 
 Iowa was surveyed by the (iovernment. 
 
 In making this Government sm'vey, section lines were 
 also run off, 1 mile apart, east and west, and north and 
 south; and as each Congressiional township was laid out 6 
 miles square, there are 36 sections in each Congressional 
 township, and (340 acres in a section. 
 
 In all cases where the exterior Imes of townships to 
 be divided into sections and half-sections exceeds or does 
 not extend G miles, the excess or deficiency is specially 
 noted, and added to or deducted from the western or northern 
 ranges of sections; hence fractional subdivisions of sections 
 are found on their northern or w^estern borders. 
 
 To number the sections in a township, beginning is 
 made at the northeast corner section of the township, and 
 the sections are numbered from 1 to 86, by numbering from 
 east to west and from west to east alternately. Thus 
 section 6 is the northwest corner section, while section 7 
 adjoins it on the south, and section 12 would be next south 
 of section 1 ; section 13, likewise, would be the second section 
 south of section 1, and so on. 
 
 Monroe County is in the second tier of counties from the 
 southern line of the State; and is the fifth county in the 
 tier, from the Mississippi River. All the counties in this 
 tier west of Henry County have but 12 Congressional town- 
 sliipseach,having4 townships in tiers running east and west, 
 and 3 north and south, ^Monroe, therefore, is lessi by 4 
 townships than her northern and southern neighbors. 
 
 The townships of Monroe County lie in the following 
 order, enumerating them from east to west, and beginning 
 at the southeast corner of the county: Urbana, Monroe, 
 Franklin, and Jackson; Mantua, Troy, Guilford, and Wayne; 
 Pleasant, liluff" Creek, Uiiion, and Cedar. 
 
 Albia, the county seat, is situated in the northern half 
 of section 22. 
 
 Monroe Count}' is from 500 to TOO feet above the level 
 of the sea, and varies somewhat, in both geological aiTange- 
 ment and exterior character. Wliile its drift formation is 
 not different from that of its neighboring counties,the south- 
 western ])ortion of Monroe County is probably outside of 
 the region of the great coal-producing i»ortion of the lower 
 coal measure of the State. AVhile this fact has not hitherto 
 been positively admitted b}' geologists, investigations of 
 
HTSTORl OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 13 
 
 recent years prove preitj conclusively that the townships 
 of Jackson and Franklin lie west of tiie western border of 
 the lower coal-bearinj; district, and it is (luite probable that 
 the western portion of Monroe Township also extends 
 beyond these limits, as the lower coal-bed apparently dis- 
 appears at the town of Moravia. 
 
 The southwestern portion of the county is a plateau, 
 which seems to blend abruptly into the geological structure 
 of the great sauthwestern water-shed. Its drift deposits 
 are of greater thickness than those in eastern Iowa aiid 
 other localities within the district of the Des Moines basin. 
 
 The lower part of Jackson and Franklin Townships are 
 drained b}- the tributaries of the Chariton River, which 
 flows into the Missouri River. The northern and middle 
 portions are drained by Cedar Creek, which empties into the 
 Des Moines River. 
 
 While it is true that the lower coal-beds extend farther 
 westward, along Cedar Creek, to the north of this locality, 
 it is barely possible that the coal worked on Cedar Creek and 
 White-breast may lie at a great dei)th beneath a vast accumu- 
 lation of drift. If it does, it ])robably lies at a depth of from 
 300 to 400 feet, as a drilling was made at Moravia to a depth 
 of oOO feet without finding any trace of the lower coal-bed. 
 
 The only fact to encourage this conjecture is that the 
 Cedar basin seems to have cut itself to a great depth in 
 this drift deposit. 
 
 ^lonroeandT'rbana Townships occupy a lower elevation, 
 and are drained by the headwaters of Soap and Avery 
 creeks. 
 
 Little or no prospecting for coal has ever been made in 
 Urbana Township, yet it is quite probable that in addition 
 to the upper coal-bed. which cro])s out everywhere along 
 Avery Creek', and which is about '> feet in thickness, with an 
 interval of fire-clay of about 8 inche^s in the center, the 
 locality is underlaid by a rich deposit of the lower coal, 
 which in Monroe County reaches a thickness of 8 feet in 
 some localities. 
 
 As the upper porti(m of ^[onroe Township, particularly 
 a few miles north of Foster, is on rising ground, no special 
 effort has yet been made to locare the coal, which doubtless 
 lies at a depth of about .'100 feet; and as Troy Township 
 rises still higher, prospectors have not yet been tempted to 
 make much search in tliis township, in the vicinity of Albia. 
 
14 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 By referring to a profile of the C, B. & Q, Railroad survey 
 it will be seen that Albia is situated on a high knoll or 
 eminence, and whether the coal strata pass through this 
 rise, unbroken, is a matter for conjecture. 
 
 Not until the Grovernment had surveyed Iowa into Con- 
 gressional townships were the counties established and 
 surveyed. Counties were created by legislative acts of the 
 Territorial Council and General Assembly, which later took 
 the place of the Council when the State was admitted into the 
 Union. The State Constitution provides that in organizing 
 a county it shall be composed of not less than 12 Congres- 
 sional townships. 
 
 As all surveys are subject to slight inaccuracies, later 
 surv^eys do not exactly conform to the original Government 
 isurvey. For instance, a county surveyor, beginning to 
 survey a township, starts at the southeast section and runs 
 north. The section lines which the Government has estab- 
 lished he adopts as his own survey — i. c, he makes his own 
 measurements to conform to them ; but when he gets to the 
 northern line of the township, the variation in measure- 
 ments of the two surveys result in what are known as 
 ''fractional tracts," and as the surveyor runs westward after 
 reaching the north line, these same variations occur on the 
 west line of a section. Thus fractional tracts are found on 
 the north and west lines of townships, and what was in- 
 tended for a forty-acre tract by the first survey becomes by 
 the second either more or less. Deeds of transfer are for 
 this reason worded thus, in speaking of the amount to be 
 transferred: "More or less, according to the United States 
 survey of the same." 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. 70WA. 15 
 
 CHAPTER U. 
 
 Speculatioti. 
 
 While it is not within the pi'oviuce of the historian to 
 record history which lias not yet transpired, the writer can- 
 not refrain from a Oiisual introspection concerning the 
 destiny of Monroe County. 
 
 All terrestrial things have an end, as well as a begin- 
 ning; and in the somewhat vague theme of this chapter, one 
 positive conclusion may be adduced — viz., that Monroe 
 County will some day come to an end. Whether this end 
 is brought about by fire and sword; by the peaceful re- 
 adjustment of political boundaries; by the whisk of the tail 
 of some malicious comet; or by the inevitable ''crack of 
 doom" — no one can say. 
 
 The past affords no basis upon which to even form a 
 conjecture as to the ultimate fate awaiting the subdivisions 
 of the United States, or even of the Republic itself. In the 
 present age the spread of human intelligence has elevated 
 the standard of justice so high that war and invasion can 
 scarcely be reckoned as an agent effecting the downfall of an 
 enlightened state, or, more properly speaking, of its trans- 
 formation into some other politiciil division. 
 
 There is a probability that at some distant day town- 
 ships will enlarge their functions until their political 
 organization shall be not very different from that of the 
 boroughs or townships of England and other densely popu- 
 lated regions, but this would not affect the existence of 
 counties. No reason can be conceived, at present, why the 
 boundaries of the several States should be disturbed or 
 obliterated, and new divisions of the domain substituted, 
 thus rcHlistricting the land into smaller or greater sub- 
 divisions. 
 
 County seats, located as they usually are, in or near 
 the center of counties, will have a period of life coexistent 
 with that of the counties in which they are situated. Their 
 growth will be measured by the resources of their respective 
 counties, and not by industrial advantages possessed by 
 them over less favored neighbors. The great cities of the 
 country will become fewer in number, until, by that universal 
 
16 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. TCTWA. 
 
 law of natural selection which adds to the favored, to the 
 extinction of the weaker, the smaller cities of the continent 
 will arrive at a stand-still or tend to decay, while tlie greater 
 will add to their size, wealth, and grandeur. It is the same 
 law which enables the giant oak of the forest to lift its head 
 above a grove of tliousands of saplings, when all had 
 apparentl}^ equal advantages of growth. 
 
 There is a. system of modern philosoph}' which asserts 
 that all physical manifestations operate in cycles. If tliis 
 be true, civilization, too, in shifting from continent to conti- 
 nent, may some day complete the cycle. The stork and the 
 bittern then will perch upon the Arc de Triomphe, or the 
 wild jackal howl through the valley of the Hudson or 
 scamper through the deserted thoroughfares of New York. 
 The worn-out and rocky wastes, where now only broken 
 columns and fragments of chiseled friezes, fagades, and 
 domes mark the burial-places of proud empires, may some 
 day be awakened by the touch of the returning rod of empire. 
 
 The indolent Arab, sitting cross-legged beneath the 
 shade of a giant cactus, will watch some sturdy race of 
 foreigners gather up the fragments of tiles and bricks and 
 stones, cart them away, and with plowshare turn under a 
 new growth "of soil. By fertilization and culture the land 
 will again produce, and a new race will rebuild cities and 
 make railroads, cut canals, and cultivate soil reenriched by 
 the mold of desolation and by the sweep of thie soil-laden 
 winds of the wilderness. 
 
 "Cleopatra's Needle," overthrown and submerged in 
 the soil of Manhattan Island, may be exhumed in some far- 
 distant age, and carried back to the valle}' of the Nile from 
 whence it came. 
 
 A broken shaft, o^ er which the sands of the Potomac 
 River have drifted for thousands of years, may tell the 
 future archeologist of a Washington ; or the washing away 
 of the shore-line of Lake Michigan may, ere its waters cease 
 to roll, reveal a colossal horse and rider, which to-day stands 
 in Lincoln; Park to perpetuate the memory of Grrant. 
 
 What destroying force, then, shall accomplish this 
 desolation? Shall it be the tooth of time, alone, or the 
 canker of a worn -out, polluted, and vicious race? 
 
 In the United States ci\ ilization may not reach its zenith 
 for thousands of years. Then will begin the equally slow 
 process of decay; the contest for supremacy will begin. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 17 
 
 rpoii the theory of seloction, the stronp: will oppress and 
 enslave the weak; those avIio have accumulated wealth will 
 I>ass from luxury tO' indolence and vice; Government will 
 become tainted with crime and intrijiue; the population 
 will be so great that the soil will not sustain it; the people 
 will no lonoer be self-sui»partin<j;' by legitimate industry, and 
 the stronger will prey upon tin? weaker; a feudal condition 
 will assert itself, and this population will dwindle away or 
 shift to other zones. 
 
 Then it will be that States will be broken up or subjected 
 to principalitit^ of some despotic form. Counties will loise 
 their identity, and thus Monroe County, with her once proud 
 capital, shall have run her race. Away down beneath the 
 surface, submerged like the relics of proud Ilium, some one 
 \\\U iind a corner-stone of some stately palace — presumably 
 the i»arliamentary palace of the Board of Supervisors^ — and, 
 digging beneath it, he will find a sealed receptacle contain- 
 ing coins bejiring the undefinable inscriptions, ""E Plurihus 
 ['uum;^ ''United States of America," etc. He will also find 
 valuable parchments, and, among them, a copy of this book. 
 Then some archeologist will turn up W'itli a. "Rosetta Stone," 
 and by its aid translate the documents, and thus peri)etuate 
 the history of Monroe County and the deeds of her illustrious 
 citizens. 
 
18 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 CHAPTER HI. 
 
 Organization. 
 
 Shortly after that vast southwestern territory known 
 as the Louisiana Purchase had been acquired by the United 
 States, from France, Congress, by an act of 1804, divided 
 this new possession into two bodies. That lying below the 
 thirty-third parallel of north latitude was called the Terri- 
 tory of Orleans; and the remaining portion was known as 
 the District of Louisiana. This latter, f oir political purposes, 
 was engrafted on to Indiana Territory. 
 
 In 1805 the District of Louisiana was merged into a 
 Territory of its own. In 1807 another subdivision was made, 
 and the Territory of Iowa was created, which was at first 
 attached to the Territory of Illinois, and later, in 1812, to 
 Missouri Territory. 
 
 When Missouri was admitted as a State, in 1821, Iowa 
 was again an outcast, until 1834, when she clung to the skirts 
 of Michigan Territory. By this time all the region west 
 of the Mississippi and north of the north line of Missouri 
 had been pnrcha;sed from the Sac and Fox Indians, and 
 comprised Michigan Territory. It was usually referred to 
 by the people of Illinois and other Eastern States as ''The 
 Purchase." 
 
 In 1836 the Territorj^ of Wisconsin was created by an 
 act of Congress, and Iowa Territory was again placed in the 
 keeping of a new foster-parent, by being attached to Wis- 
 consin. In 1838 Iowa Territory was given a separate 
 Territorial government, but it still included a part of Wis- 
 consin, west of the Mississippi River. 
 
 In 1846, after considerable wrangling over the boundary 
 question by the people of the Territory, they finally voted 
 in favor of going into the Union as a sovereign State, and 
 accordingly Iowa was admitted December 28, 1846. 
 
 Several yeai's prior to the admission of Iowa as a State, 
 the Territorial Council had passed an act to organize new 
 counties, as will be seen in Chapter 34 of the Revised 
 Statutes of Iowa, 1843: 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 19 
 
 "An Act to establish new counties and define their bound- 
 aries, in the hite cession from the Sac and Fox Indians, 
 and for other purposes. 
 
 "Sec, 4, The followinfj boundaries shall constitute a 
 new county, to be called Kishkekosh, to-wit: Beginning ait 
 the northwest corner of Wapello County; thence west on 
 to^\'ii:ship line dividing townshij^s 78 and 74, to range 20, 
 west; thence south on said line to the northwest corner of 
 Appanoose County; thence on the township line dividing 
 townships 70 and 71; thence east to the southwest comer 
 of Wapello County; tlience north to the place of beginning; 
 which county, with Wapello and the territory lying west, 
 shall be attached to Jefferson County for judicial, revenue, 
 and election purposes." 
 
 This same bill provided for the creation of ten other 
 counties, and also made provision for their survey as soon 
 as the Indian treaty could be ratified. 
 
 The first measure to conserve the peace in these newly 
 organized counties was the appointment, by the Governor, 
 of justices of the peace for the various precincts throughout 
 the counties so created. 
 
 On the 1st of May. 184.8. the Indian title became extinct, 
 and immediately followed an influx of sturdy pioneers, a 
 further account of whose incursion and pioneer life will be 
 found elsewhere in this volume. 
 
 The name Kishkekosh seemed harsh to the ears of the 
 white settlers, and the name was subsequently changed to 
 that of Monroe County. 
 
 The name Kishkekosh was given to the county in honor 
 of a minor chief of the Sac and Fox band, and the name, in 
 the Indian tongue, is said to mean "a savage biter." 
 
 Kishkekosh was a member of Black Hawk's suite, who 
 accompanied that redoubtable chieftain, after his capture, 
 in his tour throughout the East, and by contact with civiliza- 
 tion rapidly learned the manners and customs of the white 
 race. It is said that, in a superficial way at least, he 
 assumed the graces of a Chestei-field, and grew particularly 
 gallant towards the squaws of his tribe, when he returned 
 to his people to inculcate among them the customs of the 
 whites. In sitting down to a meal, he would first assist the 
 dusky lady gue.sts to the food; and he can-ied this spirit of 
 gallantry so far as to attempt to correct the state of slavery 
 to which the squaws were subjected by their oppressive 
 lords, by enjoining the latter to do the drudgerv themselves. 
 
20 HISTOIiy OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 It is said that he entered into this reform with so much 
 zeal that he actually set the example himself. 
 
 Black Hawk never made his predator}^ incursions as 
 far west as Monroe County, when there was any white prey 
 within its borders. He died in 1837, at lowaville. Yet it 
 is quite probable that many a tierce encounter has been 
 waged on Monroe County soil between the Sacs and Foxes 
 of eastern Iowa and western Illiuois and the lowas, Potta- 
 wattamies, and other less powerful tribes west of the 
 Mississippi River. 
 
 The very name of Black Hawk was sufficient to strike 
 terror into the hearts of the pioneer settlers of eastern Iowa, 
 Illinois, and Indiana. 
 
 Most writers, describing the personal appearance of 
 Black Hawk, represent liim as the very embodiment of all 
 that is fiendish and terrible; but Joseph Hoskinson, one of 
 the pioneer settlers of Iowa, who died at his home in Monroe 
 County a few ,years ago, and who was present at the treaty 
 between the Government and the Sacs and Foxes, where 
 Burlington now stands, informed the writer that Black 
 Hawk was the liandsomeist Indian he ever saw. He stood 
 near him at the treatj^ and admired the imperial bearing of 
 the chief. 
 
 While he showed the treachery and cunning of a fiend — 
 like Red Jacket, he would "not bend the knee." No 
 imperial crown ever sat upon a prouder head, and no mon- 
 arch ever merited a coronet of higher token of fidelity to his 
 people than Black Hawk. How strange it is that the liand 
 of fiction has never woven about the harsh outlines of his 
 memory the softening gauze of sentiment and romance! 
 
 Until the 13th of February, 184t, all the territory west 
 of Wapello County, including Kishkekosh County, was 
 attached to Wapello County for election and judicial pur- 
 poses, and the first court whose jurisdiction included Kish- 
 keko.sh County was held in Ottumwa in September, 1844; 
 but the character of the litigation was mainly disputes over 
 claims to land. 
 
 At that time, the homestead laws were different from 
 those of the present day, and were also more lax in tlieir 
 provisions. Every person entitled to the homestead privi- 
 lege was allowed a half-section of land — 100 acres in prairie 
 and IGO acres of timber. The earliest settlers took their 
 claims before the land was placed upon the market for home- 
 steading, and for several years held them by virtue of "squat- 
 
HISTORY OB' MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 21 
 
 ter sovereignty," iiitwidiiig to enter the land when placed 
 upon the maiket. When t\ut laud was linally opened for 
 tiling, many of the settlers did not have the funds for making 
 the homestead entry, but eoiitinueti to hold tlieir claims. 
 There was always someone in the country who had a little 
 spare money with which to contest claims occupied by the 
 "squatter." While he had this lawful right, he seldom had 
 the efl'rontery to exercise it. 
 
 Necessity, the mother of invention, devised a means of 
 protectinj^ the "squatter's" interests. Judicial proceedings 
 were expeaisive, and, eve^n if resorted to, would have afforded 
 no relief to the "squatter." The "Club law" was accordingly 
 instituted by the settlers to protect themselves and their 
 neighbors from the "claim-jumper." While it was not in 
 strict accord with the laws of the land or the equity of 
 indiscriminating justice, the great body of the people, in 
 whose interests all written laws should be framed as against 
 the opposing few, construed it as "loa- popidi, vox Dei" — 
 "Tlie voice of the people is the voice of God." 
 
 Some brave pioneer settler would select a claim, but, 
 being unable to make a homestead filing on it at once, 
 would erect a "claim-pen" — i. c, a log- pen sixteen feet square 
 and four rounds hig-h; this would hold his claim for six 
 months, at the end of which time it was presumed he w ould 
 have completed a cabin. Frequently, however, owing to 
 sickness or other unavoidable cause of delay, he failed to 
 erect a domicile or make the necessary improvements on his 
 claim. Then would the "claim-jumper" attempt to take 
 possession by moving on to the land or into the vacant domi- 
 cile, in case the "scjuatter" had temporarily abandoned it. 
 The captain of the "Club" was at once notified, and the entire 
 population — for everybody belonged to the "Club" — turned 
 out, iind, marching to the usurix^r's stronghold, would force 
 him to depai't. Sometimes the "jumper" became defiant, 
 and was roughly handled by the "Club," but usually he 
 quietly acquiesced in their verdict, and vacated without 
 protest. 
 
 NVhile at this day the "(Jlub law" may seem somewhat 
 revolutionary, yet no rule for the regulation of society has 
 ever been placed in the statutes by a higher tribunal than 
 that of the sturdy pioneers of Monroe and other counties in 
 their struggles in the wilderness to support and provide a 
 home for themselves, their wives, and their little ones. 
 
 The first election held in Kishkekosh County took place 
 
22 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, TOW A. 
 
 at tlie house of W. G. Clark in tlie autumn of 1844; and in 
 the spring of 1845 the precinct was duly organized into an 
 independent county by an act of the Council and House of 
 RepresentatiA^es of the Territory of Iowa, The act also 
 provided for the location of a county seat, and following is 
 the text of the bill: 
 
 "An Act to organize the County of Kishkekosh and to 
 provide for the location of the seat of justice thereof. 
 "Section 1. Be it enacted by the Council and House of 
 Representatives of the Territory of Iowa, That the county 
 of Kishkekosh be, and the same is hereby, organized from 
 and after the first day of July next; and that the inhabitants 
 of said county shall be entitled to all the privileges to which 
 by law the inhabitants of other organized counties of this 
 Territory are entitled, and the said county shall constitute 
 a part of the First Judicial District of this Territory. 
 
 "Section 2. That, for the purpoise of organizing said 
 county, it is hereby made the duty of the Clerk of the 
 District Court of said county, and in case there should be 
 no such Clerk appointed and qualified, or for any cause such 
 oflftce should become vacant on or before the tenth day of 
 July next, then it shall be the duty of the Sheriff of Wapello 
 County to proceed immediately after the tenth day of July 
 to order an election in said county of Kishkekosh for the 
 purpose of electing three County Commissioners, one Judge 
 of Probate, one County Treasurer, one Clerk of the Board of 
 County Commissioners, one Surveyor, one County Assessor, 
 one Sheriff, one Coroner, one County Recorder, and such 
 number of Justices of the Peace and Constables as may be 
 directed by the officer ordering such election; the officer 
 having due regard for the conveniences of the people; which 
 election shall be on the first Monday in the month of August 
 next. And that the officer ordering such election shall 
 appoint as many places for holding elections in said county 
 as the conveniences of the people may require, and shall 
 appoint three Judges of Election for each place of holding 
 elections in said county, and issue tickets to said Judges for 
 their appointment; and the officer ordering said election shall 
 give at least fifteen days' notice of the time and place of 
 holding said election, by at least three printed or written 
 advertisements, which shall be posted up at three or more of 
 the most public places in the neighborhood where each of 
 the polls shall be opened as aforesaid. 
 
(i UNIVERSITY J) 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. TOWA. 23 
 
 "Section 3. That the officer oideiiiig the election aioi"e- 
 said shall.receive and canvass the polls and grant certificates 
 to the persons selected to fill the several offices mentioned 
 in tliis Act, and in all cases not provided for by this Act, 
 The officer ordering said election shall perfonn the duties 
 of a Clerk of the Board of County Oommissioners until there 
 shall be a Clerk of the Board of County ^Commissioners 
 elected and qualified for said couuty under the provisions of 
 this Act. 
 
 "Section 4. Said election shall, in all cases not pro- 
 vided for by this Act, be conducted according to the laws 
 of this TeiTitorj' regulating general elections. 
 
 "Section 5. The officers elected under the provisions 
 of this Act shall hold their offices until the next general 
 election, and until their successors are elected and qualified. 
 
 "Section (>. The officer ordering the election in said 
 county shall return all books and papers wliich may come 
 into his hands by virtue of tliis Act to the Clerk of tlie Board 
 of County Commissioners of said county, forthwith, after 
 said Clerk shall be elected and qualified, 
 
 "Section 7. That the officer conducting said election 
 shall be allowed the same fees for services rendered by 
 him, under the provisions of this Act, that are allowed by 
 law for similar services performed by tlie Slieriff in similar 
 cases. 
 
 "Section 8. That the Clerk of the District Court of 
 said county of Kishkekosh may be appointed by the Judge 
 of said court, and qualified at any time after tlie passage of 
 this Act; but shall not enter upon the discharge of the 
 duties of ssiid office prior to the 1st day of July next. 
 
 "Section 0. TluU all actions at law in the District Court 
 for the County of Wapello, commencing prior to the orgaji- 
 ization of the said county of Kishkekosh, when the parties 
 or either of them reside in said county of KishkekosJi, 
 shall be prosecuted to final judgment, order, or decree, as 
 freely and effectually as if this Act had not been passed. 
 
 "Section 10. That it shall be the duty of all Justices 
 of the Peace residing within said county to return all books 
 and papers in their liands, aj)pertaining to said office, to the 
 nearest Justice of the Peace which may be elected and 
 qualified for said county under the ])ro visions of this Act. 
 And all suits at law or any official business which may be in 
 the hands of such Justice of the Peace, and unfinished, shall 
 
24 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 be completed or prosecuted to final judgiuent by the Justices 
 of the i*eace to whom such business or papers, may have 
 been returned, as aforesaid. 
 
 "Section 11. That the County Assessor elected under 
 the provisions of this Act, for said county, shall assess the 
 county and in the same manner and be under the same 
 obligations and liabilities as now are or may hereafter be 
 provided by law, in relation to Township Assessors. 
 
 "Section 12. That James A. Galliher, of the county of 
 Jefferson, E. S. Kand, of the county of Van Buren, and 
 Israel Kister, of the county of Davis, be, and they are hereby, 
 appointed Commissioners; or any two of them shall meet 
 at the house of W. G, Clark, Esquire, in said county, on the 
 first day of July next, or at any other such time within a 
 month thereafter as a majority of said Commissioners may 
 agree upon, in pursuance of their duties under this Act. 
 
 "Section 13. Said Commisisioners shall first take and 
 subscribe the following oatli, to-wit: 'We do solemnly 
 swear (or affirm) that we (or either of us) have no personal 
 interest, either directly or indii-ectl^^ in the location of the 
 seat of justice in the county of Kishkekosh, and that we will 
 faithfully and impartially examine the situation of said 
 county, taking into consideration the future as well as the 
 present population; also to pay strict regard to the geograph- 
 ical center of said county and locate the seat of justice as 
 near the center as an eligible situation can be obtained;' 
 which oath shall be administered by the Clerk of the Dis- 
 trict Court or Justice of the Peace of the county of Kishke- 
 kosh; and the officer administering the same slia.ll certify 
 and file the same in the office of the Clerk of the Board of 
 County C/Omniissionersi of said county, whese duty it shall 
 be to receive the same, 
 
 "Section 14, Said Commissioners, when met and quali- 
 fied under the provisions of this Act, shall proceed to locate 
 the seat of justice of said county; and as soon as the}' shall 
 liave come to a determination, they shall commit to writing 
 the place so selected, with such name as they may see 
 proper, and a i)articular description thereof, signed by the 
 said Commission and filed with the Clerk of the Board of 
 County Commissioners in which such seat of justice is 
 located, whose duty it shall be to record the same and 
 forever keep it on file in his office, and the place thus 
 designated shall be the seat of justice of said county. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, TOW A. 25 
 
 ''Section 15. Said Coiuiiiissionei's shall each receive the 
 sum of two dollars per day, while necessarily employed in 
 the duties enjoined on them by this Act, which shall be 
 paid b}' the county, out of the first fund arising out of the 
 Side of town lots in the said seat of justice. 
 
 "Section 16. That the territory west of Siiid county be, 
 and the same is hereby, attached to the county of Kishke- 
 kosh for election, revenue, and judicial purposes. 
 
 "Section 17. The judge of the First Judicial District 
 may appoint such time for holding coui-t in said county as 
 he may dt^m proper and convenient, 
 
 "Section 18. This Act to take effect and to be in. force 
 from and after its passage. 
 
 "Approved June 11, 1815." 
 
 On the fifth day of August, 1845, the committee named 
 to select the location for a county seat chose the spot where 
 Albia now stands, and nanunl the i)lace Princeton. 
 
 At the same time an election was held throughout the 
 count}- to elect the various county officers, as provided in 
 the bill. Wareham G. Clark was elected Probate Judge; 
 James Hilton, Clerk of the District Court; Jeremiah ^Miller, 
 Clerk of the Board of County Commissioners; T. Templeton, 
 Treasurer; John Clark. Sheriff; and Joseph McMullen, 
 Moses II. Clark, and J. S. P.radley for County Commissioners. 
 
 John Massey, who still resides on his farm a couple of 
 miles south of Albia, surveyed the county seat in the summer 
 of 1845. When the survey was made, it was found that one 
 John Stephenson owned a part of the site selected by tiie 
 committee, but, after some wrangling over the matter, the 
 dispute was finally settled by arbitialion. 
 
 In the original survey of Princeton, the streets were 
 run due east and west, and north and south. Each street 
 was made sixty feet wide, and each block contained eight 
 lots, excerpt the four blocks fronting on the public square, 
 whose lots were but half the size of the others. This original 
 plat of the town has long since been lost, with the record 
 i»0(>k in which it was plac(Ml. and it is not definitely known 
 whether the ]>lat was ever r«H-orde<]. 
 
 Scarcely had Princet(>n been selected as the county 
 seat when slie found heis"]f confronted by a rival. A post- 
 office liad been establisiied at Clarksville in January, 184G, 
 with Levi Dungau OiS postmaster. While Princeton was 
 
26 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 but a hamlet, Clarksville was no' larger, and the claims 
 which the latter presented for oonsideration were embodied 
 in the following: 
 
 ''PETITION. 
 
 "To the Honorable Council and House of Representatives of 
 the Territory of Iowa: 
 
 "Your petitioners, citizens of Kishkekosh County, Iowa, 
 ask of your honorable body the adoption of a bill referring 
 the re-location of the seat of justice of the county to the 
 people, at the coming election in April, 1846. 
 
 "Your petitioners ask of your hororable body that the 
 citizens of said county may be privileged to vote for Prince- 
 ton or Clarksville as the future seat of justice of said 
 county. 
 
 "Your petitioners would respectfully represent tO' your 
 honorable body that the location of the seat of justice of 
 said county by Commissioners appointed by your honorable 
 body hasi resulted much to the dissatisfaction of a large 
 majority of the inhabitants of said county. 
 
 "Your petitioners believe that it is for the interest of 
 the present, and will also be for the interest of the future 
 population of said county, that its seat of justice should be 
 re-located. 
 
 "Your petitioners would respectfully represent to your 
 honorable body that the quarter-section on which the town 
 of Princeton is located is three miles east of the geographical 
 center of said countj^, tO' its nearest point; that it is fifteen 
 miles from the west line of said county, and eight and one- 
 half miles from the east line of said county; that the 
 geographical section upon which the town of Clarksville is 
 located is one mile north and one and one-half miles east 
 of the geographical center of said county; that it is a hand- 
 some, eligible town-site, and is situated upon the main 
 divide running diagonally through the county from the 
 southeast corner to the northwest corner of the county. 
 Andi it is far superior as a central point for natural divide 
 roads, and is one and one-half miles from two' good mill- 
 sites, on Cedar River, with good ridge roads- running to the 
 same, and good bodies of building timber convenient to 
 said mill-sites; that the town of Princeton is situated four 
 and one-half miles from a good mill-site, and a road cannot 
 be obtained nearer on suitable ground. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 27 
 
 'Tour petitioners would respectfully say to your honor- 
 able body that two, only, of the Commissioners officiated in 
 the selection of the present town-site (Princeton), and that 
 they commenced their labors on Tuesday evening at about 
 four o'clock on the fifth day of August, ultimo, and finished 
 on Friday following, examining tlie county as such not to 
 exceed two and one-half days, mainly without roads and 
 when the exuberance of vegetation would necessarily retard 
 their examination. 
 
 "Now your petitioners firmly believe that no Commis- 
 sioners can, in so short a time, sufliciently examine this 
 county, and that in this hasty examination great injustice 
 has been done our county, 
 
 "Your petitioners would respectfully represent to your 
 honorable body that there were polled at the present August 
 election in said county one hundred and thirty-two votes 
 for Congressional Representative, and the same number for 
 and against the Constitution, and that the number of voters 
 within the county will not materially swell the above number 
 at the present time; and that while the population is small, 
 and before any expense shall have been incurred by the 
 improvement of the said town of Princeton, the question 
 of selection should be referred to the people. 
 
 "Your petitioners fully believe that if tlie town of 
 Princeton is suffered to remain the seat of justice in said 
 county, that it will ever be a subject of contention between 
 the citizens of the county, and that an inland county like the 
 present Kishkekosh should have as central a location as 
 could be selected, 
 
 "Your petitioners would further say that that portion 
 of the county lying west of the geographical center is not 
 settled as fully and as thickly as it is east of said center, 
 and for this reason, that the east part of the county lies 
 the most convenient to tlie Old Purchase, on which most 
 of the settlers are at first dependent for the common neces- 
 sities of life; but that the west portion of the county will 
 compare favorably with any other i)ortion of the county; 
 that it has fine bodies of timber and good prairie, and will, 
 in all probability, very soon be as densely settled and im- 
 proved as any other ]>ortion of Iowa." 
 
 To this petition were attached the following signatures: 
 
 Robert Husted, H. W. Bro^^^l, Geo. Root, Elijah John- 
 son, Henry Barnes, N. E. Hendrix, Wm. Hendrix, Amos 
 
28 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, TOW A. 
 
 Stricklaiud, R. O. Strickland, Josliua Flecbeart, Geo. Weaver, 
 Daniel Mclntosli, Daniel Clianice, Jolin Chance, Johm Sap- 
 penfiel'd, John Hammer, Nathaniel P. Jackson, Michael 
 Hittle, James Findley, Orlando Myers, Solomon Robinson, 
 Peter Cain, M. H. Clark, Henry H. Harrison, Geo. Rougher, 
 Wm. H. H. Davis, Jacob Hammer, Daniel Cone, David 
 Ramsey, Matthias Hogg-, Allen C. Phinney, Christopher K. 
 Wilson, Andrew Gillespie, Wm, Records, Joseph McMullen, 
 T. G. Templeton, Jomas Wesooatt, James McCarroll, H. 
 Runnels, Eliphalet Johnson, Samuel Tyrrell, John Miller, 
 Job Rogers, Madison Anderson, Nelson Wescoatt, Wm. 
 Bailey, Michael Biair, John Bougher, J. G. Epperson, Wm, 
 Stewart, Oliver Tyrrell, John Clark, N. B. Preston, Levi 
 Dungan, James Stephenson, Roland Inghan, John Stephen- 
 son, Harden Searcy, John Baile}', H. P. Bailey, Wm. Garland, 
 Nelson Cain, E, H. J^randon, Geo, Cain, I. C. Layton, A. 
 AVilson, Reuben D. McKinney, Wm. Murphy, Wm, Miller, 
 Jeremiah Miller, Orrin Miller, Aaron Pickerell, Wm. V. 
 Beadle, Chas. Anderisoai, Jas. Anderson, Orrin Wilson, B, 
 F. B. Bates, Harry INliller, Daniel Judso'u, Philander L. 
 Tyrrell, Josiah Edmonds, Marshall S. Tyrrell, Elam Judson, 
 Smith Judson, Chas. Bates, Homer J. Tyrrell, James O. 
 Render, Lewis M. Bentley, Nathaniel Newmain, Andrew 
 De Koven, Thos. E. Forest, John Copple, Willis Stephens, 
 Ezra P, Cone, Leonard Copple, Jesse Combs, Samuel Cane, 
 Joseph H, P. Stew^art, John H, Wilson, James Stewart, 
 Nathan H, Wilson, Wm, Clodfelter, Solomon; Byerley, W, G. 
 Clark, Thois, Coppedge, Isaac Hopi>er, Ivan Beebe, Peter 
 Wells, James Hilton, John Stephemson, S, J, Warden, Otho 
 Williams, Jesse Walker, Allan ^Villiams, Joseph Kerns, 
 Marvin Williams, Walter H, Cross, Harry Cross, ThOiS, H. 
 Brock, Jacob M. Davis, Samuel Davis, Jonathan Mason, 
 John Davis, \V>sley Cain, C. H. Brandon, Willoughby 
 Randolph, Geo. H, McLaughlin, Geo. Cain, Thos, Williamson, 
 Abner Barbour, Jackson Scott, William Bisland, Jolin M, 
 Mclntj're, John McGinnis, I'eter Johnson, Jas, Brandon, 
 Robert Finley, Robert Henderson, Perry Ruunells, Abram 
 Williams, Geo. Cline, James I'omeroy, Anson Wiseman, 
 John JNI. Wallace, James R. Bruce, Levi Hagan, David 
 Cooper. 
 
 Notwithstanding that the foregoing petition was ac- 
 companied by an indorsement from one John Bailey, who 
 certified among other things that he had lived on the creek 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 29 
 
 for about nine montlis, anrl had cxplorod the stivam both 
 ways, and had found cU'gant tinibci-, good rock, and tine 
 spi'inp; Avater in abundance, etc., for a veiitication of which 
 statements he invites the public to visit his residence, about 
 five miles southwest of Chii'k's Point; and notwithstanding 
 tlie averments in the foregoing i)etition, to the effect that 
 there were "two good mill-sites" on the lordly "Cedar River," 
 within one and one-half miles of Clarksville, the county seat 
 remained at I'rinceton. 
 
 The patrons of the town of Princeton, however, retorted 
 by a 
 
 "REMONSTRANCE. 
 
 "To the Honorable Council and House of Representatives of 
 
 The Territory of Iowa in Legislature assembled: 
 
 " Whereas, A petition is gotten up for an Act to be passed 
 by your honorable body for an election to decide w hether 
 our county seat shall remain at Princeton, or be removed to 
 Clarksville; 
 
 "We, the undersigned citizens of said county, feel it 
 our duty to oppose the same, believing 3'our Honors will see 
 the propriety of this opposition in the following reasons, 
 to-wit: 
 
 "We, as a county, petitioned your honorable Legislature 
 for Commissioners to be appointed by them to locate our 
 county seat, which Avas granted, and according to law thi'y 
 have acted. Although the petition aforesaid is said to contain 
 evidence that said Commissioners traveled and labored but 
 two and a half days, it is well known to us to be a misrepre- 
 sentation. We know they commenced operations on Tues- 
 day in said county, and stuck the stake on Saturday follow- 
 ing, on the noi-t Invest quarter of s<'ctiou 21*, range 17, west. 
 
 "We oppose said pctitiDU from th(» fact that at least two- 
 thirds of their signers have never seen the location of either 
 Princeton or Clarksvilh', and know nothing of the propriety 
 or impropriety of removing it. 
 
 "Again, many of the names on the petition were under 
 the age of 21. 
 
 "The northeast comer of iho county being more thickly 
 settled than the south, but not likely to be so in the future, 
 serious inconvenience will necessarily be suffered by future 
 population. The center of the county is in Cedar Pottom. 
 consequently not suitable for a town. Your Commissioners 
 
30 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 located Princeton on the center line of the county running 
 east and west, and the north-and-south line on the west of 
 the town is just three miles from the center. 
 
 ''Again, the quarter of land Princeton contains is worth 
 at least double, to the county, what the quarter at Clarksville 
 is worth, from the situation of both, Clarksville is a nar- 
 row, crooked ridge, interrupted by sloughs, while Princeton 
 is a beautiful, level prairie. 
 
 ''We oppose the unnecessary expense for the county to 
 make an election on the subject. 
 
 ''Your petitioners, therefore, request your honorable 
 body to let the county seat of Kishkekosh County remain at 
 the town of Princeton, according to its location, for which 
 your petitioners would ever pray." 
 
 To this remonstrance were attached the following 
 signatures : 
 
 F. R. S. Byrd, Aliathan Newton,, Noah Bonebrake, John 
 Bonebrake, Geo. W. Bethards, Wm. Olney, Josiah C. Boggs, 
 L. M, Boggs, Jeremiah Wilson, A. M. Walker, John Walker, 
 Michael Lower, John Lower, Jas. McRoberts, Wm. Scott, 
 Jas. R. Boggs, Joseph Lundy, Wm. Bellsland, Eliphalet John- 
 son, Abram Tilley, Lawrell Tyrrell, Creath Renfro, John 
 Renfro, John B. Gray, John A. Massey, Abraham Webb, 
 Andrew Gillespie, Andrew Elswick, Jonathan Elswick, 
 Calvin Elswick, John Walker, F. New, Jabez Tuttle, Thorn- 
 ton F. Chapman, Thos. R, Barbour, Christopher K. Wilson, 
 Abner Harbor, Jas. T. Bradley, Horace L Tyrrell, F. Healy, 
 Robt. M. Hartness, Oliver Tyrrell, Philander Tyrrell, L 
 Beebe, G. Judson, Joseph Bruce,, John Midlain, Wm. Mc- 
 Bride, George Anderson, Job Rogers, John Gunther, Israel 
 Green, Oliver P. Rowles, David Rowles, James Hardestay, 
 Reuben Mock, Thos. McSouth, Ira Beebe, Peter Miller, 
 Andrew Barber, B. F. B. Bates, Chas. Anderson, Wm. H. 
 McBride, Wm. Buchanan, Geo. Day, Jas. Gordon, Jas. Mcln- 
 tyre, Jacob Zigler, John M. Mclntyre, John R. Bruce, 
 Mesach PlufPs, Lawson Bradley, Orwin Judson, Wm. Bone- 
 brake, A. Dorothy, Smith Judson, Harry Miller, Chas. Bates, 
 floseph Franks, John Webb, Wm. Lower, Jacob Bonebrake. 
 M. Cross, Alfred Marvin, Geo. Marvin, Foster Marvin, John 
 Mock. 
 
 To the petition calling for an election to reestablish the 
 county seat, and in behalf of the town of Clarksville, there 
 were 149 signatures, and to the remonstrance were attached 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 31 
 
 88 names, among which Ira Boebe and Wm. McBride each 
 subscribed his name twice. The names of Andrew Gillespie, 
 Ira Beebe, Philander L. Tyrrell, and B. F. B. Bates occur in 
 both petitions. 
 
 An election was held in April, 1846, and it was decided, 
 by a bare majority of 4, to allow the county seat to remain at 
 I'rinceton. Accordingly, on January 19, 1846, the Legisla- 
 ture passed a bill permanently locating the county seat at 
 l*rinceton, or Albia, as it was named in the bill — an act hav- 
 ing been passed the same day changing the name. 
 
 At the county-seat election there was considerable polit- 
 ical wire-pulling. At the same election some officers were to 
 be elected, among which was a delegate to the constitutional 
 convention called for the purpose of adopting a State consti- 
 tution. Wareham G. Clark, W. H. H. Davis, and Mr. Leigh- 
 ton were the aspirants. The Princeton crowd were Whigs, 
 and Clark and Davis were Democrats, but the Whigs entered 
 into a compact to support Davis if he w'ould use his influence 
 in behalf of Princeton. He did so, but the Whigs went back 
 on him and voted for Leighton. Mr. Clark, on the other 
 hand, was elected delegate by a good majority. 
 
 The county-seat question now being settled for all time, 
 the Board of Commissioners, consisting of Smith Judson, 
 Wm. McBride, and Andrew Elswick, met on the 17th of 
 August, 1846, for the purpose of arranging plans to erect a 
 court-house. According to specifications, the structure was 
 to be 20 feet square and 14 feet high, and constructed of 
 hewn logs 7 inches in thickness and hewn on two sides, and 
 the cracks between the logs were to be not more than 3 inches 
 wide at the corners. The roof was to be composed of clap- 
 boards 3 feet in length and nailed to rafters hewn on one side. 
 The gable ends of the building were to be weatherboarded 
 in the prevailing architecture of the ])eriod. The architect 
 undertaking the erection of this edifice was placed under a 
 bond of |tl60 to secure its completion by the 25th of 
 September. 
 
 Another session of the Board of Commissioners con- 
 vened in extra session on the 18th of August, to consider 
 l)lans and proposals for the chinking and daubing of the 
 court-house, and the transaction of other matters of im- 
 portance. 
 
 In 1847 the subject of liipioi- trafic came up. and at the 
 April election a vote was taken on the proposition to issue 
 
32 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 a license for the sale of intoxicants; 82 votes were cast in 
 favor of license, and 42 against the measure. 
 
 When the court-house was finally completed, and the 
 contractor paid for the job, which amounted to |75, the Board 
 of County Commissioners next began to canvass the question 
 of erecting a county jail. In April, 1848, arrangements were 
 made to build a jail 16 feet square. The walls, loft, and 
 floor were to be composed of hewn logs 1 foot square, and 
 there was to be one window 14x16 inches, secured by suit- 
 able fastenings. Alpheus Miller and Doster Noland were 
 awarded the contract for building the jail. The cost of the 
 structure was $174. 
 
HISTORY OF MOXh'OE COVyTY. 70111. 33 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Early Political Methods. 
 
 As early as 1848, Empire's evil star began to flit her fit- 
 ful beams upon the political orpinization of Monroe County. 
 The Democrats had attained the zenith of power, but the 
 aggressive and rapidly increasing Whig element had be- 
 come so formidable a rival that to maintain the ground held 
 by one, and to advance the line of pickets of the other, polit- 
 ical acumen was taxed to its utmost. At that period the polit- 
 ical fabric was not so intricately interwoven as at present, 
 and it was almost impossible for the politician to get in his 
 "fine work'' without detection. Yet, to offset this disadvan- 
 tage, the manipulator of party interests was not so greatly 
 hedged in by the law as he is now ; and however unscrupulous 
 his methods, the statutes ottered little remedy for correcting 
 the abuses of partisanship. 
 
 At the time we speak of (1848) a Congressional campaign 
 was to be waged in the First Congressional District, of which 
 ]\lonroe County was then a part. ^Monroe County had a 
 Democratic majority over the Whigs, but the eastern coun- 
 ties of the district had a large Whig following, who exhibited 
 a burning desire to defeat the Democrats, by methods doubt- 
 less e<iually questionable if necessary. 
 
 Tlie Whigs brought into the field Daniel F. Miller for 
 Congress, and the Democrats nominated Wm. Thompson, of 
 Mt. Pleasant. 
 
 At this time many of the ^Mtrmons of Illinois, in making 
 their hegira fi'om Xanvoo. had located temporarily in dif- 
 ferent localities in southern Iowa, to rest and recuperate be- 
 fore proceeding onward across the plains to the Salt Lake 
 valley, whither Josej)h Smith, their saint and leader, had 
 ])ropliesied they should l)e gathered under the immediate 
 supervision of tln^ Lord. 
 
 As before stated, all the territory lying directly west of 
 Monroe County, as far iis the Missouri liiver. was attached to 
 Monroe County for election and judicial jtnrposes. 
 
 This unorganized territory comprised the tier of coun- 
 ties now consisting of Lucas, Clark, Union, Ad.ams, Mont- 
 gomery, and Mills. Several small settlements of Mormons 
 3 
 
34 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 were made in one or more of these counties; one was at 
 Garden Grove, in Lucas County. The Mormons were the 
 first to settle Lucas County, and, indeed, many of the early 
 settlers of Monroe were Mormons, but they had lost faith 
 in their doctrine and made up their minds to embrace the 
 belief of their ''Gentile" neighbors, and remain. 
 
 In this connection it will be of interest to state that some 
 of the most conspicuous and highly esteemed families resid- 
 ing in Monroe County at the present day were apostates 
 from the Mormon Church. That branch of the ''Hairy Na- 
 tion" locating in Mantua and Urbana townships was largely 
 composed of ex-Mormons; but, as the extravagant doctrines 
 of the "Latter-Day Saints," as they cliose to style themselves, 
 and their sometimes predatory exploits among their "Gen 
 tile" neighbors, have attached considerable odium to the 
 Mormons as a church organization, those who apostatized 
 and are now living in Monroe County are a little reticent 
 about speaking of their connection with the Mormon Church. 
 In this digression it is but just to add that these apostates 
 had joined the Mormon Church before the doctrine of polyg- 
 amy had been ingrafted into their creed; consequently 
 none of them either sanctioned or practiced polygamy, as 
 they withdrew from the church as soon as Brigham Young 
 began to inculcate polygamy in the doctrines of the sect. 
 
 The Mormons of Nauvoo had always been Democrats, 
 and it was but reasonable to suppose that in their exit to the 
 west they had brought along with them their political as well 
 as their spiritual convictions. They had formed a settle- 
 ment on the Missouri River in Pottawattamie County, at a 
 place called Cainsville, which occupied the present site of 
 Council Bluffs. There were a considerable number of Mor- 
 mons at this settlement, and if their votes could be secured 
 in the Congressional canvass of the First District, their 
 strength would constitute a balance of power. 
 
 In furtherance of this scheme, the Board of County Com- 
 missioners, consisting of Andrew Elswick, Wm. McBride, 
 and Geo. R. Ilolliday, and Dudley C. Barber as clerk, all 
 Democrats, made the following order for the establishment 
 of an election precinct in Pottawattamie County,, "toJiich lies 
 directly west of Monroe Countjf^ : 
 
 "Ordered by said Board, That that portion of country 
 called Pottawattamie County, which lies directly west of 
 Monroe County, be organized into a township, and that 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 35 
 
 Cainsville be an election precinct in said townsliip, and that 
 the election be held at the Council House in said village; and 
 that Chas, Bird, Henry Miller, and Wni. Huntington be ap- 
 pointed judges of said election; and that the boundaries of 
 said township extend east as far as the east Nishnabatna." 
 
 This order was promulgted by the Board on July 8, 1848. 
 Pottawattamie County, as everyone knows, does not "lie 
 directly west of Monroe County," being one tier of counties 
 north of the Monroe County tier. The geography of western 
 Iowa was not very well known at that time, and for the pur- 
 pose of ascertaining whether the Mormon settlement at 
 Cainsville was included in the territory directly west of 
 Monroe County. Judge Mason and Judge Weber, the latter 
 a surveyor, were sent west on a surveying tour to ascertain 
 the exact geographical location of the precinct of Cainsville. 
 
 Notwithstanding the fact that the location of Cainsville 
 is at least twenty miles north of the northern line of Monroe 
 Couny (Mills County lying between), these gentlemen re- 
 turned with the information that the Cainsville precinct fell 
 within the jurisdiction of Monroe County. It seems that 
 they had also made a survey of the political sentiments of the 
 Mormons, for they reported them as solidly Democratic. 
 
 This was encouraging news to the party, but when the 
 matter leaked out, and the design of the scheme became fully 
 apparent to the Whigs, the latter were thrown into great 
 consternation. Emissaries were dispatched by both par- 
 ties to the Mormon stronghold to negotiate for the Mor- 
 mon vote. Their woes and persecutions were duly com- 
 miserated by the agents of each party. They were petted 
 and fondled and pitied and cajoled like the laboring class 
 are to-day, by political demagogues. But the unexpected 
 was destined to occur at that day as well as at the present. 
 The Mormons, at the election on the 7th day of August, 1848, 
 voted solidly for the Whig candidate. 
 
 Whether this sudden and altogether unlooked-for change 
 in the political convictions of the ''Latter-Day Saints" of 
 Cainsville was attributable to the use of money cannot be 
 definitely stated. It is charged that the Democrats oiTered 
 but one thousand dollars for their votes, while the Whigs 
 raised the amount to twelve hundred, and thereby secured 
 the vote. While this assertion may be true, it is equally prob- 
 able that the Mormons had lost faith in the Democratic 
 party, and wanted to experiment on a change of administra- 
 
36 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 tiou. Under the existinoj administration they had been 
 driven from place to place and had failed to secure the 
 rights of religious liberty, as they claimed was guaranteed 
 them under the Constitution, and in their exasperation they 
 probably voted the Whig ticket through mere caprice, or 
 through a desire to experiment with the Whig doctrine. 
 
 J. C. Hall, a prominent Democrat of Burlington, on hear- 
 ing of the disaster to his party at Cainsville, mounted his 
 trusty horse and set out for Albia to take counsel with his 
 party in Monroe County, and possibly devise some means of 
 preventing the canvass of the vote of Cainsville. He arrived 
 in Albia in advance of the Cainsville poll-book. 
 
 The Board convened to canvass the vote on the 14th day 
 of August. The canvass was made at the log ciabin of 
 Dudley C. Barber, the clerk of the Board of Commissioners. 
 Among those present was Dr. riint, a brother-in-law of 
 Barber, and an intensely zealous Democrat. Israel Kister, 
 of Jefferson County, was also present. A heated discuission 
 arotse as to the validity of the Cainsville returns. Mr. 
 Mark, who was afterwards postmaster at Albia, wa,s also 
 present, and championed the cause of the Whigs. After 
 considerable wrangling, it was concluded to make another 
 examination of the returns, when the Cainsville poll-book 
 could not be found. It had miraculously disappeared from 
 the table, where it had quietly rested a few moments before. 
 It finally became apparent that the book had been surrepti- 
 tiously concealed or stolen. A row ensued, and pistols 
 were drawn, but no blood was shed. It is not definitely 
 known who stole the poll-book, but it was strongly surmised 
 that Kister spirited it away from the room and carried it off 
 in his saddle-bags. It is at least claimed, by a gentleman 
 whose statements cannot be impeached, that Kister ad- 
 mitted the purloining of the book. Some say it was thrust 
 through a crack in the "puncheon" floor and afterwards 
 fished out. 
 
 The Democratis had a majority in the Congressional 
 District, and Miller, the Whig candidate, contested his seat, 
 on the grounds of fraud in the poll-book incident. The case 
 was sent back from (congress to be decided in the courts. 
 The case wais tried at Keokuk, and in the trial which ensued 
 further liglit wa,s shed on the stealing of the Cainsville 
 poll-book. It transpired that eitheir Kister or Dr. Flint 
 bad secretly deposited the book in the saddle-bags of Judge 
 
niSTORY OF MOWROE COUNTY, IOWA. 37 
 
 ^[ason. the gentleman already referred to in this incident, 
 and thait that <;t'ntlenian was unaware that it was there 
 until he had <i(>ne to lii.s home at Agency, and opened the 
 sjiddle-bags. In the trial of the case, Tliompson, the Demo- 
 cratic nominee, got ^lason to defend his case. Miller called 
 upon Mason to sJiow his authority to act for Thompson; 
 whereupon ^lason drew from his pocket what he supposed 
 was the authority, but it proved to be the missing poll- 
 book, ^liller then stated to the court that he had just come 
 into possession of what he had been looking for for a year — 
 tlie missing book. 
 
 The District Court decided that tlie returns from the 
 Oainsville precinct gave a majority' to Miller, the Whig 
 candidate, and Miller was admitted to his seat in the 
 thirty-first Congress. 
 
 Thompson, in the meantime, had taken his seat at the 
 opening of the session, but when the case went to Keokuk 
 for trial, he returned from Washington to defend his claims. 
 
 The final adjustuient of this Congressional dispute was 
 not made until after the State election of 1S50, in which 
 Bernhart Henn, of Fairfield, was elected to Congress, and 
 took his seat in 1S51. Henn was a Democrat of th.e 
 Bucluinan school. 
 
 During the last session of the thirt^'-first Congress the 
 Thompson-Miller case was taken up and disposed of in the 
 District Court. It was ordered that another election be 
 held in the distnct in September, 1850, to fill the vae4incy — 
 the court holding that neither party to the contest had been 
 duly elected. In this election the Democrats carried Monroe 
 County, but the district was cfirried by the Whigs; and 
 Miller was elected and served during the last session of the 
 thirty-first Congress. 
 
 This Congressional contest wa.s so bitter that it en- 
 gendered a s]»irit of i>arty acrimony which did not subside 
 until the Whig ]»arty was sup(ise<h'd by the Republican 
 party, at the opening of the Civil War. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Miscellaneous Topics. 
 
 The early settlers of Monroe County were oompo-sed 
 mainly of people from Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, Ohio, 
 Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri, and Pennsylvamia. There 
 are to-day probably a greater number from Indiana than 
 from any other State; and there are no doubt more people in 
 the county to-day from the States of Illinois, Indiana, and 
 Ohio tliian from all the other States in the Union. 
 
 The Missourians never showed much partiality for Mon- 
 roe County, nor to the State at large, for during that period 
 when the migration of settlers from adjoining States was 
 at its highest point, the breach which was gradually 
 widening between the Noi'tli and South seems to have placed 
 a check on Northern emigration as early as the period of 
 Buchanan's administration. 
 
 Later, the intens(e secitional 'haitred arouised by the 
 border warfare still further impeded emigration from 
 Missouri, and the term ''border rutiian" seems, even at this 
 late day, to occasionally stir up a long-dormant feeling of 
 reproach in the recollections of the pioneers of southei'n 
 Iowa. 
 
 It is probable that the ena(itment of the famous Kansas- 
 Nebrsaka Bill also had something to do towards discourag- 
 ing emigration from Missouri to Iowa. On the enactment 
 of this bill, Missouri poured a flood of emigration westward, 
 for the purpose of augmenting the pro-slavery sentiment in 
 Kansas and Nebraska, and also of acquiring homes. 
 
 The "Sucker" of Illinois was lured here by the mag- 
 nificent stretches of prairie. In going from easit to west, 
 one first encounters the border of the great prairie region 
 of the continent in western Illinois and Iowa. This transi- 
 tion is very marked in Monroe County. To the east of 
 Monroe, the Des Moines and Mississippi valleys interrupt the 
 uniformity of the surface by their broad wooded valleys and 
 the narrow ridges between their innumerable tributaries. 
 
 To the west of Monroe, a complete change takes place. 
 The river valleys are narrower and shallower, and the 
 upland tracts of timber disappear. The prairie region then 
 rolls away unbi'oken to the Kocky jNIountains. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 39 
 
 A line drawn north and sonih throii^li Monroe County 
 presents niiuh the same charact eristic. From the rolling 
 praines of Mahaska County to the grassy steppes of Minne- 
 sota and the Dominion territory is one expanse of prairie. 
 
 Our southern neighbor, Ajtpanoose County, with her 
 wooded ridges and brush^' pastures, may be said to define 
 the physical limits or nuirk the boundaries, in a physical 
 sense, of the >.'orth and South. The surface of Missouri is 
 broken by the Chariton, Crand, Xodaway, ^lissouri, and 
 other rivers; and, indeed, this line of demarcation may be 
 located six or eight miles south of Albia, on Soap Creek. 
 From that point south to the Gulf there are no natural 
 ])rairies of any considerable extent. 
 
 Those who settled in Monroe County in the early days, 
 and who had come from Pennsylvania, North Carolina. 
 Mrginia, and other mountainous localities, did not consider 
 the beautiful grass-grown prairies of the county lit for 
 human habitation. They scouted tlie idea thait cji'ops 
 would grow where the w ild prairie grass waved in a sea of 
 emerald. They selected the densely w ooded creek bottoms 
 and made their clearings in the forest. They were ac- 
 customed to the rock-strewn hills of their native States, 
 and were instinctively lured to those localities which most 
 closely resembled their own, which they had left. 
 
 It will seem strange at this day that the beautiful 
 prairies (the word "piairie" in French means ''meadows") 
 of Monroe County, growing in grass and studded with wild 
 sweet Williams, asters, and golden rod, and a profusion 
 of other Uowers, should for several years remain untenanted 
 by those who had come here to acquire homes. 
 
 Those who were a little slow about juaking choice (?) 
 selections of claims were obliged finally to settle on prairie 
 tracts like what is now the farm of Hon. O. P. Kowles, and 
 that of John Collins, a few miles south of Albia, and other 
 magnificent estates within the county. 
 
 The ox-team and the break-])low were the two most 
 potent factors of pioneer ci\ ilizatioai. The plow was con- 
 structed as fi)ll«>ws: the settler would remove the two front 
 wheels from his wagon and place them on a rudely con- 
 structed axle made from an oak sa.i»ling (5 or 8 inches in 
 diameter iuul about the length of an ordinary wagon axle; 
 the plow, which had a very long nuddboard and a prodigious 
 wooden beanj, was partially siispcndfd between the two 
 
40 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 wheels of the trucks by an upright frame restimg on the 
 axle; a long lever extended from the front end of the plow- 
 beam back to the upright frame, where it was secured by 
 a wiooden pin; there was a series of auger-holes in the 
 upright frame, and the depth of the furrow could be regu- 
 lated by simply removing the adjusting pin from one of 
 the holes and lifting or bearing down on the lever. There 
 has never been a plow manufactured since then so suitable 
 for turning under wild sod and hazel-brush as this rudely 
 constructed break-plow of our fathers. It could not rise 
 out of the furrow when it struck a roiot; it could be set to any 
 desired depth, and it would stay there; with two or three 
 yoke of oxen attached, it would cleave its way through 
 almost anything; when it encountered a ''running-oak," it 
 did not "pass by on the other side," like the Levite, but it 
 went through it and turned it under. 
 
 When the county was first settled there was little under- 
 bruslh. The hazel, wbich some years later became so 
 abundant on the prairies, grew very sparsely. Prairie fires 
 for ages had swept the prairie whenever vegetation was in 
 conditioni to burn, and these kept down hazel and other 
 shrubbery; but when the settlers began to take precautions 
 against the ravages of fire, a dense growth of oak and other 
 varieties of trees began to grow into low upland thickets, 
 much to the detriment of the farmers in after years. 
 
 In the early days of Monroe County the forests supplied 
 an abundance of fine saw timber, and even at the present 
 day there are several good bodies of white oak in Urbana 
 Township, in the vicinity of Elisha Leech's saw-mill. 
 
 There were originally, along the streams, many mag- 
 nificent walnut-trees, which at the present day would have 
 yielded a handsome profit by shipping them to Eastern 
 cities. They were thoughtlessly chopped down and split 
 into fence-rails or sawed into plank. 
 
 The oak predominates in this county, and there are at 
 least eight different varieties^ — viz., white oak, red oak, 
 black-jack, yellow oak, post:-oak, burr-oak, and a low shrub 
 variety, known as chincapin-oak, or running-oak. There are 
 also a few chestnut-oak, which grow more plentifully along 
 the streams in western Iowa. 
 
 The white oak and burr-oak are the most valued for 
 lumber and building purposes, owing to their greater lasting 
 qualities. Yellow oak decays in a short time. Red oak, while 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COlWrY, IOWA. 41 
 
 not (Hiit<' so lastino- as wliito oak or bui'i'-oak, inak(»s fjood 
 saw tiiiilHT. DNviii^ to its stniij;lit jirowtli. lilack-jack is 
 more abmidant tlu'oiijiliout the county than all the other 
 varieties combined. The tree does not j^row as large as 
 some of the other varieties and it is of little value for lumber 
 ov building. 
 
 Tlie chestnut-oak is closely allied to the burr-oak, and 
 is rarely found within the county. 
 
 The [K)st-oak grows on the uplands and occurs in dense 
 thickets. This variety seldom attains a greater diameter 
 than inches. 
 
 The running-oak is in the form of a shrub; and also 
 grows on the uplands. It is a great annoyance to the 
 plowman, since^ its roots are hard to remove. It bears a 
 nutritious acorn. 
 
 There are two varieties of elm. the slippery-elm and 
 the water-elm. The former is nearly as lasting as oak if 
 kept above ground; the latter is absolutely worthless for 
 ajiy purpose. 
 
 There are also two varieties of hickory, the shell-bark 
 and the soft-shell, or pig-nut. 
 
 Tile black walnut is tlie only native variety of walnut 
 within the county. When growing on the uplands it does 
 not attain a great height, but in the valleys its growth is 
 very exuberant. 
 
 There are two varieties of maple. The soft-wood maple 
 is found occasionally along streams in a native state, and 
 when jdanted as a shade-tree, grows rajndly, and may be 
 seen on nearly every farm in the county. The other variety 
 is a dwarfed vari<'ty, growing on low giound, and commonly 
 called box-wood or swamp-maple. 
 
 Tho white ash also grows in the forests of the county. 
 Like the majde, it is not largely distributed. The hackberry 
 is a i-ough-barked tre(\ which is occasionally found solitary 
 in the woods. 
 
 The poisonous buckeye, or horse chestnut, is frequently 
 met with along the creeks. Its wood is of little or no 
 vaJue. 
 
 The soft linden, or lind, as it is commonly called, is 
 another ti-ee growing almost everywhere. It is a handsome 
 tree, and is much uscmI for making "caps" for coal props. 
 It is also used to some extent in the manufacture of cheese- 
 
42 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 boxes. It blooms twice in a season, and the bloom yields 
 considerable food for the honey-bee. 
 
 The aspen is the stateliest tree of the Monroe County 
 forest. It is of rapid growth, but its lumber is always more 
 or less "wind-shaken," and, when green, contains a greater 
 proportion of water than other wood; for this reason it 
 warps badl}- and splits when sawn into lumber. 
 
 There are also two varieties of locust. The black locust 
 occurs both on uplands and in valleys, but never attains a 
 larger size than about 16 inches in diameter. On the up- 
 lands it does not live long, as the worms infest the wood 
 and in a few years kill the tree. The black locust lasts 
 longest of any native wood in the county, especially when 
 underground. The honey-locust is much less numerous. 
 
 There are also several varieties of willows and poplars, 
 besides crab-apple, white-thorns, etc. 
 
BISTORT OF MONROE COUNTY. TOW A. 
 
 43 
 
 I 111. Ul ll'U.ST. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 In Defense of the Flag. 
 
 On the breaking out of the (Jivil Wai', Monroe County, 
 from lier close proximity to the pro-slavery border, was one 
 of those new counties upon which the evil stroke of war fell 
 with a heav}' hand. She was ill prepared at the time to makf 
 the great sacrifice, but the record of her soldier boys, and of 
 her fathers, upon whose locks time had left its frost-marks, 
 shows that they not only took their lives in their own hands, 
 but bowed to a still grea((*r saci-ilicc. in leaving behind, in 
 privation, their wives and little ones, to battle with hunger 
 and possibly to sillier at the hands of guerrilla hordes from 
 across the Missouri bolder. 
 
 No pen of later days can depict the thrilling scenes that 
 still haunt the memories of those who lived in that joyless 
 spring of 1861. The robin and the bluebird were trilling 
 their happy notes; and the wild Howers were blooming on 
 
44 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 the hillsides and in the forests, innocently unconscious of 
 impending harm ; but there was a blanched look upon every 
 cheek. The farmer did not hitch up his plow and go out into 
 the fields; the merchant locked his store door to attend the 
 ''Union meeting." There was the roll of the drum in the 
 streets, and the shuffling of feet in measured tread by night 
 and day; there was the singing of patriotic songs by the 
 choir of female voices upon the roof of the court house, and 
 the hurried enrollment of volunteers. Then came the day 
 .when the boys said good-bye to their parents, their friends, 
 and their sweethearts, wives, and little ones. The young 
 wife tried to smile through her tears in trying to assure her 
 husband that she would take care of things until he came 
 back; then when he said good-bye, and the column was 
 marching away, she lingered at the front gate, watching him 
 disappear perhaps forever, and it was then that she felt the 
 weight of helplessness and despair. The young soldier was 
 hurried to tlie front before he scarcely learned the use of a 
 musket. He saw for the first time the maneuvering of regi- 
 ments, and heard the jarring sounds which only can come 
 from the rapid wheeling of artillery over rough ground. He 
 had perhaps seen cannon before in his Northern home, but he 
 had only known them as a harmless engine for celebrating 
 public events. He now saw in their blackened visage the en- 
 gine of death. He knew that from their sulphurous throats 
 would belch the iron hail of death instead of the gala-day 
 salute of his peaceful Northern home. 
 
 Then there were those who, for sufficient reasons, could 
 not go to the war; they had to remain behind, and to their 
 ears, no less loyal than those of the boys at the front, came 
 the echoes of the guns at Ft. Sumter and Manassas. They 
 read the reports of the scathed and bleeding army of 
 McDowell being cut down by the Bull Run batteries, and of 
 the Northern army being hurled back upon the city of Wash- 
 ington, and they realized that they were tied at home, power- 
 less to offer one stroke for the lil)erty for which others were 
 striving. 
 
 Then up from that dreaded border, like auroral stream- 
 ers, shot the malignant tongues of disloyalty and secession, 
 which stii-red up bitterness and strife between friends and 
 neighbors. Nobody could foresee which side would come out 
 victorious in the gathering conflict. The housewife scarcely 
 
HISTORY or UONh'OE COT^XTY. /OHM. 45 
 
 <lar('d to express lior views to her next-door neijrlibor. lest 
 they should invite strife; for in the days of '(Jl the i)ul)lic 
 brain wasatlanie and maddened with partisan zeal, and for a 
 time there were disloyal families in Monroe County, and they 
 were families of social influence. As the war projjressed, • 
 and success to the Union arms bejjan to appear more favor- 
 able, these disunion sympathizers somewhat modified their 
 disloyal sentiments; but wli«4her the change wa.s due to sin- 
 cere convictions unconsciously instilled by patriotic sur- 
 roundinjis, or to politic considerations, cannot be stated, 
 and need not be stated at tliis late day, if known. Most of 
 those whose sympathies were with the South, and who were 
 liable to conscript duty, skipped to the far West to avoid the 
 draft which was ordered in the latter part of the war. They 
 were designated ''draft-skedaddlers" and ''moss-backs.'' 
 Some, however, ma}' have evaded the draft merely through 
 a dread of military hardships or a disinclination to stand up 
 and be shot at. 
 
 There were many trials and hardships that the soldier 
 of Monroe County had to meet and undergo which were not 
 experienced by many of those enlisting from older counties. 
 This county was still new, and domestic improvement had 
 not progressed far enough to secure to the settlers many of 
 the comforts of life. ^lost people were ])Oor. Everybody 
 came to the county poor, a few years previous, and the great 
 majority of those who enlisted were men who were either 
 clearing out homes for themselves and families, on the wild 
 prairies, or were helping dependent ]>arents to establish a 
 home for their old age. 
 
 The volunteer's ]iay of thirt(H*n or fourteen dollars a 
 month was of course inadeipiate for the su]»]M)rt of a family 
 during his absence, and he felt that at best he would have to 
 return at the close of the war and begin anew with the priva- 
 tions which he liad just begun to surmount when his country 
 called for his aid. He was offering too, to the Union, the best 
 part of his life — a time when he should be laying the foun- 
 dation for his calling. 
 
 The quotas of voluntecis to be furnished by Towa undei- 
 the Federal calls were as follows; 
 
46 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 For 3-months men (75,Q00), volunteers 2,643 
 
 For 500,000 men, volunteers 17,617 
 
 For the July 2, 1S62, call for 300,000, volunteers 10,570 
 
 For the August 4, 1862, call for 300,000 men, to be 
 
 drafted 10,570 
 
 Total for volunteers 41,400 
 
 For August 18,, 1862, call for men to fill up old 
 
 regiments 8,005 
 
 Total 49,405 
 
 Monroe County's quota from this total was 630, of 
 which 619 were raised without drafting, leaving a deficit of 
 only 11 to be raised by draft or voluntary enlistment. 
 
 The quota of Appanoose County was 876 
 
 The number furnished was 705 
 
 Leaving a deficit of 171 
 
 The quota of Mahaska was 1,087 
 
 Number furnished 946 
 
 Leaving a deficit of 141 
 
 Wapello's quota was 1,063 
 
 She furnished 1,225 
 
 An excess of 162 
 
 Lucas County's quota was 423 
 
 The number furnished was 419 
 
 Leaving a deficit of but 4 
 
 The following roster of Monroe County volunteers is 
 compiled mainly from the Adjutant-General's Reports and 
 is as nearly correct as it is possible to get them. The 
 Adjutant-General's Reports contain frequent inaccuracies, 
 which it has been the aim of the author to herein correct. 
 
 The greater portion of volunteers enlisting in the ser- 
 vice from Monroe County were mustered into the Sixth, 
 Twenty-second, and Thirty-sixth Iowa Infantry, and the 
 First Cavalry. 
 
 Company E of the Sixth was composed very largely of 
 Monroe County men. The list of volunteers for this com- 
 pany overran the maximum limit of enrollment, and a num- 
 ber of men were assigned to other companies. 
 
HISTORY OF AfONROE C0VNT7, TOWA. 47 
 
 In the Thirty-sixdi Infantry, Companies A and K were 
 cliieHy composed of IMonroe County men. 
 
 In the otiicial roster of these companies the residence of 
 a volunteer in many instances is placed in some adjoining 
 county, when he really enlisted from Monroe County. This 
 was when his post-oflice address was in some other county, 
 residence being inferred from post-ofhce address. 
 
 The Sixth Iowa Infantry was one of those regiments of 
 the Northern army over whose head seemed to hang the pall 
 of an avenging fate. The Sixth Iowa was composed of boys 
 fresh from the fields and cities of Iowa. They were en- 
 rolled, mustered in, and hurried off to the front before they 
 fully realized the great resi)onsibilities which devolved on 
 them as conservers of the nation. 
 
 They were boys with the steady eye and unwavering 
 columns of veterans. The regiment suffered the greatest 
 loss in killed and wounded of any Iowa regiment. It lost in 
 action 7 otticers, and 100 men; 18 otticers were wounded, and 
 469 men. 
 
 In the Thirty-sixth Infantry there were killed in action 
 during the war '.ib men, and 25 men died of wounds; also 
 2:^5 died of disease, 1 committed suicide, and 142 were 
 wounded. 
 
 Companies A and K were made up from Monroe County. 
 The Eighth. Seventeenth, and Twenty-second Iowa Infantry 
 contained a large number of volunteers from tlie county; 
 also the First Cavalry. There were also a good many Mon- 
 roe County men in the Thirty-seventh Infantry, or "Gray- 
 beard Regiment." 
 
 SECOND IOWA INFANTRY. 
 
 Jas. M. Portor. rise 2.3. jirivato, Co. H; must, in May 1. '(H ; wonnded 
 six times at Corinth, yet staid on thr field; pro. Gth corp. 
 
 Wm. MoCreary. age 27, private. Co. K; mnst. in May G, 'Gl. 
 
 Wni. II. II. Ashbni-j'. age 20. private, Co. K; nnist. in May G, 'Gl; ro- 
 .iected— loss two linjrers. 
 
 Conrad Stueker, ase 41, private, Co. K; nnist. in May G, 'Gl; rejected 
 — cause unkn<»wn. 
 
 .John Coen. ape 20. i)rivate, Co. K; must, in May 20. 'Gl. 
 
 H. G. Judson. aj^e 21, private, Co. K; must, in May 20. 'Gl. 
 
 Harrison Smith, ajjo 30. private. Co. K; nnist. in Alay '20, '(51; re- 
 jected— phj-sical disability. 
 
 Zach. M. MoAlister. ajre '23, 3d corp., Co. K; must, in Nov. 1, 'Gl; pro- 
 moted fifth sergeant. 
 
48 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 SIXTH IOWA INFANTRY. 
 
 Fred F. Weed, age 19, 3d ser., Ck>. A; imist. in July 17, 'Gl; killed at 
 
 Shilob. 
 Geo. R. Watson, age 23, 3d ser., Co. A; must, in July 17, '61. 
 Daniel McCoy, age 32, 1st ser., Co. A; must, in Dec. 21, 'Gl. 
 Edward Freeman, age 28, 2d lieut., Co. B; must, in April 17, '62; re- 
 signed June 11, '62. 
 Jas. H. Spurling, age 29, private, Co. B; must, in July 17, 'Gl; killed 
 
 at Shiloh. 
 Andrew J. Egbert, age 28, private, Co. B; must, in July 17, '61. 
 Isaac R. Flymate, private, Co. B; must, in July 17, '61. 
 John Hardin, age 19, private, Co. B; must, in July 17, '61. 
 Geo. W. Scott, age 28, private, Co. B; must, in July 17, '61. 
 Lewis Armstrong, age 20. private, Co. C; must, in July 17, '61; 
 
 woimded at Shiloh. 
 Solomon Kellogg, age 23, private, Co. C; must, in July 17, '61; 
 
 wounded at Shiloh and died at Keokuk. 
 Jas. Kellogg, age 25, private, Co. C; must, in July 17, '61; wounded 
 
 at Shiloh and died at Keokuk. 
 Walter Smith, age 24, private, Co. C; must, in July 17, '61; killed at 
 
 Shiloh. 
 Robt. F. Stewart, age 21, private, Co. C; must, in July 17, '61. 
 Henry L. Tucker, age 21, private, Co. C; must, in July 17, '61. 
 Michael Combs, Jr., age 19, 1st ser., Co. D; must, in July 17, '61. 
 Sam'l D. Harn, age 20, private, Co. D; must, in July 17, '61. 
 Sam'l Sumner, age 21, private, Co. D; discharged at La j\Iine Bridge 
 
 for phthisis Jan. 17, '62. 
 Thos. Sumner, age 34, private, Co. D; discharged at St. Ix)Uis for con- 
 
 STimption, Aug. 22, '61. 
 Aimer Swift, age 20, private, Co. D; must, in July 17, '61. 
 M. J. SAvift, age 21, private, Co. D; must, in July 17, '61. 
 Geo. W. Trussell, age 43, private, Co. D; must, in July 17, '61; died 
 
 at Jefferson City, Mo., Oct. 29, '61. 
 Henry Saunders, age 39, captain, Co. E; must, in May 24, '61. 
 Calvin Kelsey, age 29, 1st lieut, Co. E; must, in July 1, '61; died ar 
 
 Cairo, 111., 1865, of cholera. 
 Leander C. Allison, age 20, 1st lieut., Co. E; must, in May 24, '61: 
 promoted captain Jan. 4, '64; wounded at Mission Ridge. 
 John H. Orman, age 23, 2d lieut., Co. E; must, in Feb. 17, '62; wound- 
 ed at Shiloh and resigned Nov. 23, '62. 
 David J. Hayes, age 33, 1st ser., Co. E; must, in July 17, '61; killed 
 
 at Shiloh. 
 Jas. Evans, age 25, 2d ser., Co. E; must, in Jiily 17, '61. 
 Henry Roberts, age 25, 3d ser., Co. E; must, in Sept. 27, '62; wounded 
 
 at Missionary Ridge and Kenesaw Mountain. 
 Alex. McDonald, age 36, 4th ser., Co. E; must, in Sept. 27. '62. 
 Oliver Boardman, age 21, 5th ser., Co. E; must, in Sept. 27, '62; killed 
 
 at Black River Bridge, Miss. 
 Robt. A. WiUs, age 21, 1st Corp., Co. E; must, in Sept. 27, '62. 
 Richard W. Courtney, age 30, 3d Corp., Co. E; must, in Sept. 27, '62; 
 wounded at Griswaldsville, Ga., and discharged for dis- 
 ability, '65. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COVNTY, IOWA. 49 
 
 Elihu Hill, age 28, 4th corp-, Oo. E; must, in July 17, 'HI; (lisoharKiMl 
 
 for disability Jan. 21, '62. 
 B. F. Scott, age 25, 5th corp., Co. K; must, in July 17, '01. 
 Heury Chamberlain, age 21, 6th corp., Co. E; must, in Sept. 27, '(;2. 
 Wm. Jenkins, age 37, 7th corp., Co. E; must, in July 17, '61. 
 Henry Roberts, age 24, Sth corp., Co. E; must, in July 17, '(>1. 
 Owen J. Prindle, age 21, Sth corp., Co. E; must, in Sept. 27, '62. 
 David C. Ely, age 27, 5th ser., Co. E; must, in Jiily 17, '61. 
 Henry Chamberhiin, age 21, 5th corp., Co. E; must, in Sept. 27, '62. 
 Hiram Hull, age 31, 6th corp., Co. E; must, in July 17, "(H; (liscliargod 
 
 at Keokiik, Nov. 25, '62, for chronic diarrhea. 
 Geo. W. Hibbard, age 20, 7th corp., Co. E; must, in Sept. 27, '62. 
 Jas. Amber, age 31, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61; dischargetl 
 
 at St. Louis, April 2, '62. 
 John A. Bm-ris. age 27. private. Co. E; must, in July 17, '61; died at 
 
 Sedalia, Nov. 17, '61, of congestion of brain. 
 Geo. A. Brown, age 20, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61; wounded 
 
 at Shiloh. 
 Josiah N. De Tar, age 20, private, Co. E; must, in July 17. '61. 
 Grandon Hendrix, age 20, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61; 
 
 wounded at Shiloh. 
 Matthew W. Kemper, age 25. private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '(51. 
 Thos. J. Smith, age 22, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61; wounded 
 
 at Shiloh. 
 Isaac Lafever, age 29, musician, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61. 
 Noah Carmach. age 29, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61; wounded 
 
 at Shiloh. 
 Thos. B. Buchanan, age 30, wagoner, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61; dis- 
 charged for disability, Dec. 4, '61. 
 "Wni. Bradley, age 24, private, Co. E; must, in JiUy 17, '61; died at 
 
 IMemphis of brain fever, July 3,'62. 
 Thos. Baker, age 19, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61; wounded 
 
 at Shiloh. 
 Elijah P. Bradley, age 20, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61. 
 Cyrus Blue, age IS. private, Co. E; must, in July 17. '61; woundcvl 
 
 at Shiloh. 
 Calvin Barnard, age 21, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61; woimded 
 
 at Dallas, Ga. 
 Edward A. Canning, age 23, private, Co. E; must, in July 17. "61; 
 
 promoted to 1st lieutenant, 1S()3. 
 Wm. B. Crawford, age 26, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61; killed 
 
 at Shiloh. 
 Samson Cooper, age 26, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '(!1; dis- 
 charged at St. Louis for disability. 
 David Cooper, age 23. private, Co. E; nnist. in July 17, 't»l ; dis- 
 
 chai-g(Hl at Syracuse, Mo., for hepatitis. 
 John E. Carhart. aire 21. 
 Chas. H. Claver. age 20, private, Co. E; must, in July 17. '61; wnuiidcl 
 
 at Shiloh. 
 David S. Cone, age 21, private, Co. E; must, in July 17. "61; discharged 
 
 in 1S62 for lameness. 
 Will. CoUett, age 21. orivate. Co. E; must, in July 17. '61. 
 Patrick Conway, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61. 
 
50 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Jas. B. Duncan, age 21, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61; killed 
 
 at Shiloh. 
 Oliver P. Evans, age 21; private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61; killed 
 
 at Shiloh. 
 John Easter, age 21, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61. 
 Alexander Easter, age 19, private, Co. E ; must, in July 17, '61. 
 Thos. Fullerton, age 21, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61; wound- 
 ed at Shiloh and died of wounds at Keokuk. 
 John W. Forrest, age 24, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61; dis- 
 charged for disabilit\^ in '62. 
 Ira W. Gilbert, age 20, private, Co. C; must, in Jidy 17, '61; wounded 
 
 at Missionary Ridge. 
 Francis Gilbert, age 20. private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61. 
 H. HUckenlooper, age 21, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61; wound- 
 
 at Missionary Ridge; promoted corporal. 
 Levi. S. T. Hatton, age 18, private, Co. E; must, in Jidy 17, '61. 
 Jas. W. Hare, age 18, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61; womided 
 
 at Shiloh. 
 Jas. A. Hickcox, age 21, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61; killed 
 
 in battle, Jackson, Miss. 
 John M. Hayes, age 28, private, Co. E; must, in Jidy 17, '61. 
 Willis S. Hayes, age 21, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61. 
 James M. Hayes, age 26. private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61. 
 Ephraim ConkUn, age 18, private, Co. E; must, in Feb. 29, '64; add! 
 
 tional enlistment — three years. 
 Ira B. Hutchins, age 26, private, Co. E; must, in Feb. 29, '64; died at 
 
 Scottsborough, Ala. 
 N. B. Moore, age 22, private, Co. E; must, in June 28, '64; killed at 
 
 Atlanta. 
 John H. Hiteman, age 20, private, Co. E ; must, in June 28, '64. 
 Chas. V. Holsclaw, age 20, pi-ivate, Co. E; must, in June 28, '64; died 
 
 of typhoid fever at St. Ix)uis, Dec. 4, '64. 
 Jonathan S. Knight, age 20, private, Co. E; must, in June 28, '64. 
 Geo. A. Looman, age 21, private, Co. E; must, in June 28, '64; woimd- 
 
 ed at Shiloh. 
 Thos. H. Looman, age 19, private, Co. E; must, in June 28, '64. 
 John T. Little, age 18, private, Co. E ; must, in June 28, '64. 
 Geo. Lee, age 20, private, Co. E; must, in June 28, '64. 
 A-lbert Myers, age 18, private, Co. E; must, in June 28, '64; died of 
 
 convulsions at Tipton, Mo., Feb., '62. 
 O. S. McCoy, age 19, private, Co. E; must, in March 11, '64. 
 Elias A. Miles, age 22, private, Co. E; must, in INIarch 11, '64; taken 
 
 prisoner at Shiloh and paroled. 
 Josepli McKissick, age 25, private, Co. E; must, in March 11, '04; 
 
 Avoimded at Shiloh. 
 Dennis McCarty. age 22, private, Co. E; must, in March 11, '04; died 
 
 at La Mine Bridge, Mo., Jan., '62. 
 Andrew Mock, age 35, private, Co. E; must, in March 11, '64; died at 
 
 Sedalia, Mo., of typhoid fever, Dec, '61. 
 Martin Pierson, age 2:3, private, Co. E; must, in March 11, '64. 
 Owen .L Prindle, age 21, private, Co. E; must, in March 11, '64; pro- 
 moted to 8th corp. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 51 
 
 John T. S. Price, age 19, private. Co. E: must in March 11, '64; dis- 
 charged at La Mine Bridge for debility, Jan. 2, 'G2. 
 
 Robt. B. Rumsey, age 23. private, Co. E; mvLst. in March 11, '64; dis- 
 charged for disability at Memphis. 
 
 Henry Roberts, age 24, private, Co. E; must, in March 11. '(U. 
 
 Allan Roberts, a^e 19, private, Co. E; must, in March 11. '64; dis- 
 charged for disability. 
 
 Ashbel Six^rry, age 25, private, Co. E; must, in Mai-ch 11, '64; trans- 
 feiTed to Sth Iowa Infanti-y, Company C. 
 
 Wni. Swayny, age 21, private, Co. E; must, in March 11, '64; killed at 
 Shiloh. 
 
 Thos. J. Smith, age 22, private, Co. E; must, in March 11, '64; wound- 
 ed at Shiloh. 
 
 John W. Service, age 20, private, Co. E; must, in March 11, '64; 
 woimded at Shiloh. 
 
 Saul Swayny, age 21, private, Co. E; must, in March 11, '64. 
 
 Jas. H. Turner, age 28, private. Co. E; must, in March 11. '64. 
 
 Robt. G. Wallace, age 22. private, Co. E: must, in March 11, '64; dis- 
 charged at St. liouis for disability, Dec. 19. '61. 
 
 Wm. H. Waugh. age 20, private, Co. E; must, in March 11, '64; killed 
 at Shiloh. 
 
 Wm. S. Whitmore. age 20. private, Co. E; must, in March 11, '64; 
 wounded at Shiloh and discharged at Keokuk, Aug. 15. '62. 
 
 Edward S. Weed, age 21. private, Co. E; must, in March 11, '64. 
 
 Thos. Mclvissick. age 25, private, Co. E; must, in March 11, 'tVl: 
 killed at Shiloh. 
 
 Casper Dull, age 45, private, Co. E; must, in March 11, '64; rejected on 
 account of over age. 
 
 Chilo McClean, age 46, private, Co. E; must, in March 11, '64; reject- 
 ed on account of over age. 
 
 Thos. J. Poorest, age 17, private, Co. E; must, in March 11, '64; re- 
 jected—under age. 
 
 •las. Stoddart, rejectetl — rheumatism. 
 
 Milton Cox, age 27, private, Co. E; must, in Oct. 19, '61. 
 
 John L. Hairison, age 26, private, Co. E; must, in Oct. 19, '61; killed 
 at Shiloh. 
 
 Tlios. Ilinton, age 23, private, Co. E; nmst. in Oct. 15. '61. 
 
 Bi'U. F. Kimbler, age 23, private, Co. E; must, in Oct. 19, "61. 
 
 Jas. H. Mm-phy. age 2S, privat?, Co. E; must, in Oct. 19, '61. 
 
 las. H. Wills, age 18, private, Co. E; must, in Oct. 15, '61; died at 
 St. Ix>uis of diarrhea, Ma.v 12, '62. 
 
 Andrew Singer, age 31, private, Co. E; must, in Oct. 17, '61. 
 
 Stephen J. Gahagan, private, Co. E; must, in Oct. 17, '61; transferred 
 to Company K; taken prisoner at Shiloh. 
 
 Nathaniel Carter, Co. E; must, in April 15, '(!1; died of woimds re- 
 ceived at Shiloh. 
 
 Geo. W. Hibbard, age 20. i)rivate, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61. 
 
 Matthew Kemper, age 2."», Co. E; must, in July 17, '61. 
 
 David C. Ely, age 27, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61; promoted regi- 
 mental wagon master. 
 
 Henry Chamberlain, age 21, corporal. 
 
 Hiram Hull, age 31. corp., Co. E; must, in July 17. '61. 
 
52 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Ge». R. Watson, age 23, private, Co. A; must, in July 17, '61. 
 
 Joshua Lee, age 19, Co. C; must, in July 17, '61; taken prisoner at 
 Shiloh. 
 
 Jas. McGonegal, age 20, private, Co. C; must, in July 17, '61; pro- 
 moted corporal. 
 
 Jas. Amber, age 31, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61. 
 
 John Burrls, age 27, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61; died at 
 Sedalia, Mo., Nov. 17, '61. 
 
 Geo. A. Brown, age 20, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61; wounded 
 at Shiloh. 
 
 Josiah N. De Tar, age 20. 
 
 Grandon Hendrix, age 20, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61; 
 woimded at Shiloh, but rejoined regiment and served dur- 
 ing the war. 
 
 Hilas Kells, age 18, private, Co. E; must, in July 17, '61; wounded at 
 Shiloh and died at Cincinnati, O. 
 
 Sani'l D. Harn, age 20, private, Co. D; must, in July 17, '61; woimded 
 at Missionary Ridge. 
 
 Michael Combes, Jr., age 19, private, Co. D; must, in July 17, '61. 
 
 Warren Turk, private, Co. G; must, in July 17, '61. 
 
 Sam'l Sumner, age 21, private, Co. G; must, in July 17, '61; killed at 
 Atlanta by the bm'sting of a shell. 
 
 SEVENTH INFANTRY. 
 
 Tobias S. Benson, age 24, 3d ser., Co. F; must, in Feb. 11, '62. 
 Conrad Stoker, age 41, 4th ser., Co. F; must, in July 11, '62. 
 Calvin Waldeu, age 28. private, Co. F; must, in July 11, '62. 
 Henry C. Marck, age 19, private, Co. F; must, in July 24, '61. 
 
 EIGHTH INFANTRY. 
 
 Henry C. Markham, age 40, cap., Co. I; must, in Sept. 2, '61; resigned 
 at Sedalia, Dec. 21, '61. 
 
 Calvin Kelsey, age 29, cap. Co. I; must, in Dec. 1, '61; taken prisoner 
 at Shiloh. 
 
 John G. Harron, age 27, 1st licut., Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '61; re- 
 signed at St. Louis, 1861. 
 
 Andrew Robb, age 51, 2d lieut, Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '61; resigned 
 at Sedalia, 1861. 
 
 Jas. Noffsinger, age 27, 1 ser., Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '61; died of 
 dysentery at Camp Sherman, Miss., Sept. 10, '63. 
 
 Thos. R. Robb, age 26, 2d ser., Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '61; killed at 
 Shiloh. 
 
 Porters W. Codner, age 24, 3d ser., Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '61. 
 
 Albert Haywood, age 24, 4th ser., Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '61. 
 
 Robt. Fullerton, age 18, 5th ser., Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '61; died of 
 wounds at St. Louis, Oct. 21, '61. 
 
 .Jonathan C. Payne, age 27, 5th ser., Co. 1; must, in Sept. 12, '61; 
 taken prisoner at Shiloh. 
 
 John F. Wright, age 25, 6th ser., Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '61. 
 
 Robt. M. Myers, age 27, 1st Corp., Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '61; dis- 
 charged at St. Louis for disability, Oct. 21, '61. 
 
nrSTORY 01' MONROE COUNTY, TOW A. 53 
 
 Michael Caboo, ajre 27. 1st Corp.. Co. I; must, in Sti)t. 12, Mil; taken 
 
 prisoner at Shiloli. 
 Elias C. Hunter, aj;e 2G, 2(1 Corp.. Co. I; must, iu Sept. 12, '01. 
 John Haver, 2d lieut. Co. I: nuist. in Sept. 12, 'Gl. 
 .Ti>st>pli N. L.von, Co. I; must, in June 24, 'Gl. 
 Wni. Kelsoy, ajLce 10. 3(1 Corp., Co. 1; nuist. in Sept. 12, 'Gl ; taken pris 
 
 oner at Shiloli. 
 Henry .ludson, ajre 22, Gth Corp.. Co. I; nmst. in Sept. 12, '01; reduced 
 
 to raidcs at Keokuk for disoln^dieuee. Nov. 10, 'G2. 
 Henrv Gordon, ase 21, 3d Corp., Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '01 ; killed at 
 
 Shilph. 
 Martin Achesoii. age 22, 7th Corp., Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '01; woiuid- 
 
 ed at Corinth, Oct. 4. '02. 
 Jas. Cattern, age 44, Sth corp.. Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, "Gl; reduced 
 
 to ranks at Keokuk fi>r disobedience. 
 (IcK). T. Lease, age 39, Sth corp., Co. I; nmst. iu Aug. 10, '01; taken 
 
 prisoner at Shiloh. 
 David Carter, age 19, private, Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '01. 
 Tlios. Ellison, age 42, wagoner, Co. I; must, iu Nov. 10. '01. 
 Isam Adcox, age 23, private, Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '01; discliarged 
 
 at St. liOiiis, March 13, '02, for disabilitj'. 
 .T. A. Rreckel. age 22. private. Co. 1; must, in Sept. 12, '01; taken pris- 
 oner at Shiloh. 
 David Carter, age 19. private, Co. I; nuist. in Sept. 12. '01. 
 Cluus. Covert, age 24, private, Co. I; must, iu Sept. 12, "01. 
 Nathaniel D. Clark, age IS, private, Co. I; must, in Sept. 12. '01. 
 Chas. E. Fox, age 35, private, Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '01; wounded 
 
 in right shoulder. 
 Will. Z. Free, age 23, private, Co. I; must, iu Sept. 12, '61; promoted 
 
 to Gth corporal. 
 Henry C. Gordon, age 21. 
 
 Wm.Il. Hittle, age IS. privat(S Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '01. 
 Daniel Hammer, age 24, private, Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '01. 
 .rolin Holmes, age 18, private, Co. 1; nuist. iu Sept. 12, '01; dieil of 
 
 fever at Quincy, Mo., March KJ, '02. 
 Cyrus .Tudd, age 25, private, Co. I; must, iu Sept. 12, '01. 
 .lolui .Tudson, age 25, private, Co. 1; must, iu Sept. 12, '01; died in hos- 
 
 pitiil, St. Louis, Nov. 20, 'Gl. 
 Harlow Judson. age IS, private, Co. 1; must, in Sept. 12, '01; taken 
 
 prisoner. 
 Kobt. Ivevel, Jr., age 21, private, Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, 'Gl; taken 
 
 prisoner at Shiloh. 
 Wm. McMichael. age 43. private, Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, 'Gl; taken 
 
 prisoner at Shiloh. 
 Chas. McClain. age 44, private, Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '01; killed 
 
 at Shiloh. 
 Milc»s WcKxlford, age IS, private, Co. I; nuist. in Sept. 12, '01. 
 Albert C. Nolan, age 22, private, Co. 1; must, iu Sept. 12, '01; dis- 
 charged for disability at Corinth. June 14, '02. 
 Wm. H. H. Paisley, age 21. privat(\ Co. I; must, in Sept. 12. '01; dis- 
 charged for worthle.ssness at Seilalia, Feb. 10, '02. 
 Albert Paisley, age IS, private, Co. 1; must, iu Sept. 12, 'Gl; dis- 
 
 chargeil for worthlessness at Sodalia, Feb. 10, '02. 
 
54 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, tOWA. 
 
 Elijah Robb, age 18, pinvate, Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '61. 
 
 Silas R. Shipley, age 37, private, Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '61; dis- 
 charged by order of Gen. Ord at Corinth, July 5, '62. 
 
 Amosy E. Sweet, age 22, private, Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '61; dis- 
 charged for worthlessness at Sedalia, Feb. 15, '62. 
 
 Sylvester A. Sperry, age 28, private, Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '61; dis- 
 charged for worthlessness at Sedalia, Feb. 15, '62. 
 
 Andrew Singer, age 31, private, Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '61; trans- 
 ferred to Co. E, 6th Iowa Infantry, Oct. 17, '61. 
 
 Oliver T. Taylor, age 18, private, Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '61; taken 
 prisoner at Shiloh. 
 
 Wm. A. Trowbridge, age 18, private, Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '61; dis- 
 charged for disability at Sedalia, Mo., Feb. 4, '62. 
 *Wm. J. Welshire, age 41, private, Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '61; trans- 
 ferred to First Nebraska Infantry, Dec. 31, '61. 
 
 John A. Wright, age 25, private, Co. I; must, in Sept. 12, '61. 
 
 Geo. Opie, age 18, private, Co. I; must, in Oct. 8, '61. 
 
 THIRTEENTH INFANTRY. 
 
 Jas. M. Robb, age 25, 1st lieut, Co. H; must, in Sept. 17, '62; enlisted 
 as private Nov. 21, '61. 
 
 John A. Robb, age 16, musician, Co. H; must, in Nov. 2, '61. 
 
 Jas. G. Boyle, age 19, private, Co. H; must, in Nov. 2, '61; discharged 
 for chronic diari'hea, Oct. 23, '62. 
 
 Jas. Bain, age 21, private, Co. H; must, in Nov. 2, '61. 
 
 David M. Conley, age 19, private, Co. H; must, in Nov. 2, '61. 
 
 Thos. Elder, age 20, private, Co. H; must, in Nov. 2, '61; woimded in 
 foot at Shiloh. 
 
 Jas. C. Eggin, age 24, private, Co. H; must, in Nov. 2, '61; wounded 
 in arm at Vicksburg. 
 
 W. D. Harrison, age 18, private, Co. H; must, in Nov. 2, '61. 
 
 Sam'l Little, age 18, private, Co. H; must, in Nov. 2, '61; died at Mont- 
 erey, Tenn., May 26, '62. 
 
 Louis A. Meeks, age 24, private, Co. H; must, in Nov. 2, '61; deserted. 
 
 Harvey W. Norman, age 21, private, Co. H; must, in Nov. 2, '61: 
 wounded at Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Thos. Porter, age 27, private, Co. H; must, in Nov. 2, '61. 
 
 Alex. C. Watson, age 18, private, Co. H; must, in Nov. 2, '61; wound 
 ed in mouth at Atlanta. 
 
 Chris. C. Woodcock, age 20, private, Co. H; must, in Nov. 2, '61; died 
 at Monterey, Tenn., May 26, '02. 
 
 Hardin Wilson, age 27, private, Co. C; must, in Jan. 1, '64. 
 
 Alva F. Woodcock, age 19, private, Co. H; must, in Nov. 2, '61. 
 
 Geo. R. Robinson, age 32, private, Co. D; must, in July 25, '64; wound- 
 ed slightly at Stephenson, Ala., and again at Kingston, N. 
 C, March 9, '65. 
 
 Jas. R. McDonald, age 19, private, Co. H; must, in Oct. 15, '61. 
 
 John M. Kuhn, age 23, private, Co. H; must, in Oct. 15, '61. 
 
 FIFTEENTH INFANTRY. 
 
 Geo. W. Kuhn, age 29, 6th corp., Co. I; must, in March 29, '62; died 
 of wounds at Keokuk, May 11, '62. 
 
HISTORY OF MOyROE COUNTY, IOWA. 55 
 
 Geo. Audersou, ajio 4rt, private, Co. I; must, in Jan. 24, '62; trans- 
 ferred to Co. K, ITtli Iowa lul'anti-y, March 1, '62. 
 
 David Boon, ago 45, private, Co. I; must, in Jan. 24, '62; dischai'ged 
 for disability at St. Louis, May 25, '62. 
 
 Jolm A. McGee, age 29, private, Co. I; must, in Jan. 24, '62; severely 
 wounded iu jaw at Corinth. 
 
 Marshal H. Wilson, age 21, private, Co. I; must, in Jan. 24. '62; killt-d 
 at Shiloh. 
 
 SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY. 
 
 Oliver B. Smith, age 20, private, Co. F; must, in Jan. 24, '62. 
 
 David A. Craig, age 29, cap., Co. H; must, in April 11, '62. 
 
 Chas. Eubanks. age "29, 5th ser., Co. H; must, in April 11, '62. 
 
 Jas. Craig, age 20, 1st ser.. Go. II; must, in April 11, '62. 
 
 Jackson Johnson, age 21, 5tli corp., Co. H; must, in April 11, '62. 
 
 Thos. Beezley, age 21, 6th ser., Co. H; must, in April 11, '62. 
 
 Oliver >I. Archer, age 20, private, Co. H; must, iu April 11, '62. 
 
 Wm. H. Cummings. age 22, private, Co. H; must, in April 11, '62. 
 
 Noah Clodfelter, age IS, private, Co. H; must, in April 11, '62; dis- 
 charged at Corinth, Nov. 20, '62— disability. 
 
 Dominic Ciu-r, age 27, private, Co. II; must, in April 11, '62; promoted 
 3d sergeant, captured at Missionary Ridge. 
 
 Sam'l Enochs, age 19, private, Co. H; must, in April 11, '62. 
 
 John Fitzpa trick, age 23, private, Co. H; must, in April 11, '62. 
 
 Joseph Hollingshead, age 19, private, Co. H; must, in April 11, '62. 
 
 Wm. Ililliard, age 42, private, Co. H; must, in April 11, '62; dis- 
 charged for disability at St. Louis, June 8, '62. 
 
 Aaron V. Howard, age 18, private, Co. H; must, in April 11, '62; died 
 at Keokuk of congestion of brain, April 15, '62. 
 
 Isaac Link, age IS, private, Co. H; must, in April 11, '62. 
 
 Sam N. Link, age 18, private, Co. H; must, in April 11, '62. 
 
 John McCoj', age 19, private, Co. H; must, in April 11, '62. 
 
 Chas. McMichael, age 18, private, Co. H; nuist. in April 11, '62. 
 
 Thos. M. Paisley, age 18, private, Co. II; must, in April 11, '62; dieil 
 of dysentery at St. Louis, May 25, '62. 
 
 John W. Sage. 
 
 Cyi'il Tempton, age 24, private, Co. H; must, in April 11, '62. 
 
 Alexander Trimble, age 18, private, Co. II; must, in April 11, '62. 
 
 Simon D. Mock, age 21, privat*'. Co. H; must, in April 11, '62. 
 
 Robt. M. Mock, age 22, private, Co. II; must, in April 11, '62. 
 
 Wm. A. AValkei", age 33, private, Co. K; nuist. in March 7, '61. 
 
 (ieo. Anderson, age 44, private, Co. K; miLst. in Marcli 1, '62; joined 
 Co. I, 15th Inft., and discharged for disability July 12, '62. 
 
 Geo. Rybolt, age 32, 4th corp., Co. K; nnist. in Aitril 16, '62. 
 
 John Anderson, age 19, private, Co. K; must, in Ai)ril 16, '62; wound 
 ed slightly in arm at luka. Miss., Sept. 19, '62. 
 
 David Warner, age 19, private, Co. K; must, in April 16, '62. 
 
 EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY." 
 
 G. W. Vanci', age 27, 1st Corp., Co. C; must, in Aug. 8, '62. 
 John F. Evans, age 22, 2d corp., Co. C; must, in Aug. 8, '62. 
 Sam'l F. Newell, ago 24. 5th corp., Co. C; nnist. in Aug. S, '(5i* 
 
56 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Victory F. Aubrey, age 34, 7th Corp., Co. C; must, in Aug. 8, '62. 
 E. A. Couchman, age IS, private, Co. C; must, in Aug. 8, '62. 
 David H. Easley, age 18, private, Co. C; must, in Aug. 8, '62. 
 P. H. Fitzpatrick, age 21, private, Co. C; must, in Aug. 8, '62; wounded 
 
 slightly. 
 Abraham Iseley, age 18, private, Co. C; must, in Aug. 8, '62. 
 Stoddard Jenison, age 24, private, Co. C; must, in Aug. 8, '62. 
 Jas. M. Kemper, age 24, private, Co. C; must, in Aug. 8, '62. 
 John F. McClure, age 27, private, Co. C; must, in Aug. 8, '62. 
 Andrew H. Howard, age 19, private, Co. F; must, in Aug. 8, '62. 
 
 TWENTY-SECOND INFANTRY. 
 
 Robt. M. Wilson, age 47, cap., Co. D; must, in Sept. 10, '62. 
 
 Wm. Phinny. age 28, lieut, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62. 
 
 Matthew A. Robb, age 28, 2d lieut., Co. D; must, in Aug. 26, '62. 
 
 N. B. Humphry, age 22, 1st ser., Co. D; must, in Aug. 26, '62. 
 
 Ricliard W. Shahan, age 38, 2d ser., Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62; dis- 
 chai-ged for disability, Aug. 4, '63. 
 
 M. Ti. Clenimons, age 30, 3d ser., Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62; wound- 
 ed slightlj' in left thigh at Vicksburg. 
 
 Nathaniel Hays, age 43, 4th ser., Co. D; must, in Aug. 28, '02. 
 
 .rohn W. Flynn, age 25, 5th ser., Co. D; must, in Aug. 27. '62. 
 
 N. T. Frederick, age 21, 1st corp., Co. D; must, in Aug. 20, '62. 
 
 Nathaniel G. Teas, age 33, 2d ser., Co. D; niu-^t. in Aug. 26, '02; killed 
 in battle at Vicksbiu'g. 
 
 Newt. B. Gordon, age 30, 3d corp., Co. D; must, in Aug. 20, '02. 
 
 Thos. B. Buchanan, age 32, 4th corp., Co. D; must, in Aug. 20, '02. 
 
 Chas. H. Stephenson, age 21, 5th corp., Co. D; must, in Aug. 20, '02; 
 captui'ed Sept. 19, '04, at Winchester. 
 
 Eleven Hambler, age 21, 0th corp., Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '02; dis- 
 charged Feb. 4, '63, for disability. 
 
 Geo. W. Buchanan, age 21, Olh corp., Co. D; nuist. in Dec. 24, '02; 
 wounded slightly in the head at Vicksburg. 
 
 Hai-ry M. Gibson, age 27, 7th corp., Co. D; must, in Aug. 26, '62. 
 
 John B. Grimes, age 21, 7th corp., Co. D; must, in Sept. 28, '62. 
 
 Ferdinand Wood, age 34, Sth Corp., Co. D; miist. in Aug. 26, '02; 
 wounded at Vicksbm'g and transferred to invalid corps. 
 
 Chester W. Farrar, age 27, musician, Co. D; must, in Aug. 28, '62; 
 killed at Vicksburg. 
 
 Benjamin Drummond, age 39, wagoner, Co. D; must, in Aug. 26, '02; 
 transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. 
 
 Amos Adkison, age 27, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 30, '02. 
 
 Jas. V. Adkison, age 22, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62. 
 
 E. L. Anderson, age 22, private, Co. D; Aug. 20, '02; womided at 
 A^'icksburg, May 27, and died of wounds May 24, '03. 
 
 Francis M. Anderson, age 18, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '02. 
 
 John Burch, age 24, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 28, '62. 
 
 Sam'l Byerley, age 21, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 26, '62; killed at 
 Cedar Creek, Oct. 19, 1804. 
 
 AVm. Barber, age 35, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62. 
 
 J. T. Bellman, age 30, private, Co. D; miist. in Aug. 27, '62. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 57 
 
 AbiUT Barnard, age 21, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '02; Ivilled at 
 
 Viclvsbiu'g. 
 Ileury ,M. Collins, age 25, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62. 
 W. W. Cook, age 25, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 2(>, '02; wo\uule<l 
 
 at Cedar Creek, Jan. 10, and died Jan. 2, '05. 
 Win. Conway, age 41. private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '02. 
 Aequillia Combs, age 33, private, Co. D; nuist. in Aug. 20, '02. 
 S. 11. Conley, age 21, private, Co. D; nuist. in A\ig. 27, '02; captured 
 
 at Vieksburg; woimded at Cedar Creek. 
 Elviu Drummoud, age 29, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '02; killctl 
 
 at Vicksbm'g. 
 David Darrow, age 22, private, Co. D; nnist. in Aug. 20, '02. 
 H. Drummond, age 27, private, Co. D; must, in Ang. 27, '02; killed at 
 
 Vicksbm'g. 
 Adrian Durby, age 25, private. Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '()2; trans- 
 ferred to invalid corps Jan. 15, '04. 
 Chas. M. Forrest, age 17, private, Co. D; must, in Feb. 13, '04. 
 E. F. Eshom, age 18, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 20, '02; died at 
 
 New Orleans, j\lo., of dysentin-y, July 21, '04. 
 Jas. A. Eshom, age 23, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '02; killed 
 
 at Vieksburg. 
 Geo. ^\. Eshom, age 21, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 20, '02; dietl of 
 
 typhoid fever at Kolla, ]\[o., Dec. 17, '(>2. 
 Andrt'W Eccles, age 29, private. Co. D; nmst. in Aug. 27, '02; died at 
 
 Vicksbiu'g of typhoid pmnimonia. 
 Thos. J. I'\>rest, age 21, private, Co. D; must, in Aiig. 20, '02; dis- 
 charged Dec. 19, '02, for debility, 
 ('has. B. Foshier, age 24, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '02; died 
 
 Dec. 19, '02. 
 Sanford 11. Fuller, age 27, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '02. 
 John F.. Grimes, age 21, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '02; pro- 
 moted 7th Corp. and died on steamer Citif of Memphis, Jime 
 
 9. '03, of typhoid fever. 
 John U. Hittle, age 28, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '02. 
 Thos. B. Hickenlooper, age 20, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 28, '02. 
 Philip Hertzer, age 18, private, Co. D; nuist. in Aug. 28, '02; captured 
 
 at Indianola, Tex.. Feb. 22, '04. 
 Wm. Ilardenbrook, age 18, private, Co. I); must, in Aug. 27. '02; dis- 
 
 charge<l for disability, Feb. 2.5. '03. 
 J. H. Holbrook, age 41, private, Co. D; nuist. in Aug. 28. '02; wounded 
 
 at Winchester, S-^pt. 19, TA, and died Sept. 20. '09. 
 Isaac Hayes, ag«^ 19, private, Co. D; nuist. in Aug. 27, '02. 
 Horace H. Judson. age 23, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '02. 
 J. A. Kesler. ag(> 24. private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '02. 
 Henry Krilzer, ago 25, private, <'o. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62; captiu'ed 
 
 Sept. 19, '04. at Winchester, Va.. 
 Wm. Lundy, age 31, private. Co. D; must, in Aug. 20, '02. 
 Sam'l Lloyd, age 31, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 20, '02; woundi'd 
 
 and captured at Vick.sburg and died of wounds June 8, '03. 
 Jas. Lindsay, age 28, private, Co. D; nuist. in Aug. 27, '(52; killed at 
 
 Vieksburg. 
 G. W. liefever, age 24, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '02; wounded 
 
 severely In foot at Winchester and ditnl Oct. 2(5, '(>4. 
 
58 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Geo. H. Miller, age 27, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62; killed at 
 Vicksburg. 
 
 Cornelius E. Miller, age 18, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '02. 
 
 Geo. W. McManis, age 22, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 26, '62. 
 
 O. S. McCoy, age 18, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62; discharged 
 for disabiUty, June 26, '63. 
 
 Alex. McCahan, age 21, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62. 
 
 Jacob D. Mock, age 35, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62; woimded 
 slightly in right foot. May 22, '63. 
 
 Jas. A. JMoore, age 19, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62; wounded 
 severely in hip at Cedar Creek. 
 
 Cy. T. McConnell, age 21, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62; 
 wounded May 22, '63, and discharged Jan. 29, '64. 
 
 Geo. W. Maiden, age 21, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 28, '62; killed 
 at Vicksbm'g. 
 
 Isaac IMock, age 18, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 26, '62; died July 
 18, '63, on steamer Crescent City. 
 
 W. H. Needham, age 21, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62. 
 
 W. H. Norman, age 21, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62. 
 
 C. C. Pyeatt, age 19, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 26, '62; died of 
 disease. May 2, '63, at Milliken's Bend, La, 
 
 Jacob S. Ray, age 29, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62; wounded 
 and died June 12, '63, at Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 Sani'l Rose, age 43, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 26, '62; died of 
 chronic diarrhea at New Orleans, Sept. 28, '63. 
 
 Wm. M. lUmnells, age 18, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 26, '62. 
 
 John A. Robb, age 31, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 26, '62; killed at 
 Vicksburg. 
 
 H. r. Rogers, age 21, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 26, '62; captured 
 May 22, '63, and died Jan. 5, '65, of diarrhea. 
 
 Noble A. Rogers, age 27, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62; 
 drowned at St. Louis, Sept. 18, '62. 
 
 Arthur Rose, age 18, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 30, '62; deserted. 
 
 Hugh Sinclair, age 21, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62. 
 
 P. S. Stone, age 30, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62. 
 
 Ashbill Sperry, age 26, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 26, '62. 
 
 Clias. M. Smith, age 18, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62; died 
 Jan. 3, '64, of typhoid fever, at Mustang Island, Tex. 
 
 N. P. T. Smith, age 18, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '02; dis- 
 charged for disability, June 26, '63. 
 
 Wni. H. Salyer, age 22, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62; trans- 
 ferred Sept. 15, '63, for promotion in 2d Mass. Vols. 
 
 Tlios. B. Tate, age 21, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '02; wounded 
 May 22, '03, and discharged Jan. 29, '64, for disability. 
 
 Fretl. A. Tibbals, age 44, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62; dis- 
 charged for disability, June 4, '63. 
 
 J. N. Van Pelt, age 26, pi-ivate, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62; wounded 
 severely in the head and leg at Winchester, Sept. J9, '64, 
 and discharged for disability, Jan. 30, '05. 
 
 Thos. J. Wilson, age 31, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 30, '62. 
 
 Joel Webb, age 24, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '62; captured at 
 Cedar Creek, Oct. 19, '64. 
 
UISTOKY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 59 
 
 Abraham "NVallick, ajjje 42. private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '02; trans- 
 
 ferrocl to Invalid Corps. 
 J. L. D. "Williamson, age 38, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 20, '02; de- 
 serted Sept. 28, '02. 
 W. C. Wilson, age 19, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '02; wounded 
 
 severelj'^ in both thighs. 
 Geo. W. Kimball, rejected on account of nipture. 
 Henry E. Crawford, rejected on account of enlargement of heart. 
 Chas. T. Hartley, age 24, 2d corp., Co. H; must, in Aug. 27, '02. 
 Anthony Bemer, age 24, private, Co. H ; must, in Aug. 27, '02. 
 Pleas P. Cardwell, age 42, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 27, '62; 
 
 wounded severely in both feet, May 22, '03, and discharged 
 
 Dec. 20, '05. 
 Allen Cloud, age 41, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 27, '02; wouudetl 
 
 at Vicksburg in left arm and discharged for disability Sept. 
 
 14, '63. 
 John Y. Davis, age 20, private, Co. D; must, in Aug. 27, '05; wounded 
 
 at Vicksburg and died June 23, '03, at Memphis. 
 Geo. W. Flint, age 27, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 27, '02; womided 
 
 slightly in head at Winchester. 
 Peter L. Fowler, age 19, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 27, '02. 
 S. W. Geeslin, age 24, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 27, '02. 
 H. H. Grosvenoi", age 30, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 27, '02. 
 Thos. Griffiths, age 23, private, Co. H ; must, in Aug. 27, '02. 
 John Hall, age 30, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 27, '02; died Aug. 13, 
 
 '03, at Benton Barracks, of diaiThea. 
 E. P. Huffman, age 25, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 27, '02; wound- 
 ed in right breast at Vicksbm-g and died Aug. 14, '03. 
 G. M. Huffman, age 18, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 27, '02; captured 
 
 Jan. 22, '04, near Lavacca, Tex. 
 Geo. Hunt, age 23, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 27, '02; wounded in 
 
 right arm and shovUder at Vicksburg. 
 A. H. Maxwell, age 20, private, Co. H; nuist. in Aug. 27, '02. 
 Alex. Miller, age 19, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 27, '02; captm-ed 
 
 at Winchester, Sept. 19, '04, and died a prisoner at Salis- 
 
 btu-y, N. C. 
 Nicholas Alfred, age 19, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 27, '62. 
 John Olston, age 22, private, Co. H; nuist. in Aug. 27, '02; died at 
 
 Vicksburg, June 20, '03. 
 G. H. Patton, age 28, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 27, '02. 
 M. Phillips, ag(! 22, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 27, '(52. 
 Jas. W. Stearns, age 20, private. 
 Wm. Winter stein. 
 
 THIRTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. 
 
 Moses Cousins, age 35, sm-geon, Co. A; commissioned Sept. 3, '02. 
 Michael Hare, age 44, chaplain, Co. A; commissioned Nov. 7, '02. 
 Daniel Ivens, age 44, hospital surgeon, Co. A; must, in Oct. 4, '(52. 
 Martin J. Varner, age 35, cap., Co. A; must, in Oct. 4, '02. 
 John Walker, age 39, 1st lieut., Co. A; must, in Oct. 4, '02. 
 John M. Porter, age 37, 2d lieut., Co. A; must, in Sept 11. '«J2; pro- 
 moted to 1st lieut and captain in '04; wounded twice at 
 Mark's Mills. 
 
60 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 David H. Scott, age 37, 1st ser., Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; captured 
 at Marli's Mills. 
 
 Asa S. Baird, age 38, 2d ser., Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; cap- 
 tm-ed at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Davidson P. Bay, age 26, 3d ser., Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; 
 wounded in right shoulder by guerrillas in Yazoo Exp. and 
 died at Tyler, Texas, in '64. 
 
 David Ross, age 31, 4th ser., Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; died at 
 Carbondale, 111., Dec. 5, '62. 
 
 George P. Barton, age 25, 5th ser., Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62. 
 
 Washington Shahau, age 29, 1st Corp., Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62: 
 died at Keokuk, Nov. 15, '62. 
 
 David M. Warren, age 27, 2d corp., Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62. 
 
 Chas. S. Deyo, age 33, 3d corp., Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; cap- 
 tiu-ed at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Michael Hittle, age 21, 4th corp., Co. A; must in Sept. 11, '62. 
 
 Laurel H. Tyrrell, age 39, 5th corp., must, in Sept. 11, '62. 
 
 Jacob Hittle, age 42, 6th corp., Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62. 
 
 Sam'l B. Tyrrell, age 30, 7th corp., Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; died 
 at Keokuk, Nov. 15, '62. 
 
 Wm. Snethen, age 44, 8th corp., Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; dis- 
 charged for disability, Jan. 24, '63. 
 
 David liyon, age 30, musician, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; died at 
 Keokuk in '62. 
 
 Henry Bain, age 19, musician, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; discharged 
 at Keokuk for disability. 
 
 Jas. H. Morris, age 35, Avagoner, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; dis- 
 charged for disability, Dec. 1, '63. 
 
 John Barnes, age 26, pi'ivate, Co. A; must, in Sept, 11, '62; died at 
 Ball's Bluff, Ark., Aug. 11, '63. 
 
 Benjamin Bennett, age 38, private, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; killed 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Peter Boyer, age 31, private, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; killed at 
 Mark's Mills. 
 
 Sam'l Biu'uett, age 28, private, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62. 
 
 Ephraim Bristow, age 43, private, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; died 
 at St. Louis, Jan. 6, '63. 
 
 Jas. H. Allen, age 18, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, '62; died at 
 Little Rock, July 30, '64. 
 
 Thos. L. Castle, age 25, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, '62. 
 
 (leo. O. Catron, age 20, private, Co. A; must, in March 9, '62; vi^ound- 
 ed April 25, '64; died June 23, '64. 
 
 Wm. Carhart, age 21, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20. '62; accident- 
 ally drowned at Little Rock, Ark., July 20, '64. 
 
 Alexander Elder, age 25, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 28, '62; wound- 
 ed and taken prisoner April 25, '64. 
 
 John Foreman, age IS, private, Co. A; must, in Nov. 23, '62; taken 
 prisoner. 
 
 John Kreitzer, age 18, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, '62; taken pris- 
 oner at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Geo. Lindsay, age 21, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, '62. 
 
 David C. Moore, age 32, private, Co. A; nmst. in Feb. 26, '62; wounded 
 at Elkins' Ford, Ark. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IO^VA. 61 
 
 Ji>soph Moadow, Co. A; woimdeil aud takon prisoner at ^Mark's Mills. 
 Win. E. McKlsslck. a>;e IS. private. Co. A; niiiiit. in Feb. 20. 'C.i'; taken 
 
 prisoner at Mark's Mills. 
 Jas. MeKissick. a^e 40. private. Co. A; nuist. in Keb. 20, '02; taken 
 
 prisoner at Mark's Mills, also wounded. 
 Ahnund MeNeil. ;i.i,'e 42. private. Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, '02; taken 
 
 prisoner at Mark's Mills. 
 Wni. Martin. aj?e 31, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20. '02. 
 G. F. Stephenson, age 11), private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, 02; cap 
 
 tured at Mark's Mills. 
 Marshal Law. ajre 27. private. Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, '02; mustered 
 
 out as lieutenant. 
 Robt. Martin, age 22, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, '02; wounded 
 
 at Max-k's Mills and died of wounds. 
 Geo. W. McBride. age 10. private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, '02; dis- 
 charged for disability. Sept. 9. '03. 
 Joseph Middaw, age 38. private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, '02; wound- 
 ed slightly and captured at Mark's Mills. 
 Samuel D. A. Mahin, age IS. private. Co. A; must in Feb. 20, '(>2. 
 (}et>. W. Mili^. age 30, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20. '02. 
 Geo. W. Mahin, age 24, private, Co. A; mustered in Feb. 2(5, "02. 
 Sylvester Mifford, age 22, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20. '02. 
 Lewis S. Maddox, age 32, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, '02. 
 Jas. Xickel, age 24, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, '02. 
 Thos. Nickel, age 22, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, '02; wounded 
 
 July 5, '04, Yazoo Expedition. 
 W. D. Nelson, private, Co. A; nmst. in Feb. 20, '02. 
 Jas. M. Osborn, age 24, private. Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, '02; died of 
 
 chronic gastritis at Keokuk, Jan. 5, '64. 
 David Parks, age 27, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 26, '02; captmxMl 
 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 Wni. H. Phelps, age 22, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, '02. 
 Thos. G. Kobb. age 22, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, '02. 
 Ephraim D. Rathbuni, age IS, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, '62, 
 
 discharged Nov. 17, '03, at Keokuk, for diarrhea. 
 John T. Riddle, age 19, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20. '02. 
 Henry Reitzel, age 25. private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, '02; died April 
 
 7, 'G4, at Camden, Ark. 
 Newton Scott, age 20, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20. '62. 
 W. H. Smith, age 39, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, '02; dii d Aug. 
 
 31, '63, at Keokuk. 
 Loreus S. Shepherd, age 26, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 2f>, 'OJ; 
 
 wounded. 
 Daniel Shepherd, age 23, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 26, '62; killed 
 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 Darius Stacy, age 3.">, priv.it<'. Co. A; must, in Feb. 20. '02; captured 
 
 at Mark's Mills and died «)f fever at Tyler. Tex...lune l.'5.'<'h4. 
 John C. Taylor, age 19. priv:ite. Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, '02. 
 Wm. D. Miller, age 40. private. Co. A; must, in Feb. 2<;. '({2. 
 Wm. C. Watson, age 22, private. Co. A: must, in Felt. "JO. '()2. 
 W. W. Wills, age '25, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, '02. 
 Wm. Warwick, age 33. private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, '62. 
 
62 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Geo. W. Wilson, age 22, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 26, '62; dis- 
 cliarged for chronic dian-hea at Keoliuk, Jan. 30, '64. 
 
 John N. Wilson, age 25, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 26, '62. 
 
 John J. Cattern, rejected on account of fractured leg. 
 
 R. K. Nelson, rejected on account of loss of teeth. 
 
 Nathan Meek, rejected on account of hemorrhoids. 
 
 Jas. J. Henderson, rejected on account of pulmonai-y weakness. 
 
 Edward Ryue, rejected on accovmt of injured arm. 
 
 Robt. Lj-ons, rejected on account of varicose leg. 
 
 Timothy Breese, age 43, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 26, '62; dis- 
 charged July 13, '63. 
 
 Wm. P. Cone, age 18, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 26, '62. 
 
 .las. Carhart, age 18, private, Co. A; must. Feb. 26, '62. 
 
 Wm. Castle, age 26, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 26, '62; captured 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Daniel Crawford, age 36, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 26, '62; dis- 
 cliarged at Keokuk, March 27, '65. 
 
 Zellek H. Collens, age 22, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 26, '62; died 
 at Little Rock, '64. 
 
 Thos. A. Carter, age 20, private Co. A; must, in Feb. 26, '62; wound- 
 ed at Elkius" Ford, April 4, '64. 
 
 Wm. Carhart. 
 
 Jas. G. Conley, age 27, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 26, '62; drowned 
 at Little Rock, July 2, '64, while bathing. 
 
 Joseph Cattern, age 21, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 26, '62. 
 
 Joseph Colclasm-e, age 22, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 26, '62; died 
 in '63 at Shell Mound, Miss. 
 
 John M. Connett, age 40, private, Co. A; nuist. in Feb. 26, "62; cap- 
 tured at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Isaiah H. Conley, age 29, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 26, '62. 
 
 John W. Clodfelter, age 25, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 26, '62; died 
 of disease at Memphis, Tenn., Nov. 20, '63. 
 
 Perry Crawley, age 37, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 26, '62; died Feb. 
 27, '63. 
 
 Jolm Dempsey, age 25, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 26, '62. 
 
 H. M. Chedister, age 23, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 26, '62; captured 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Wm. H. Dean, age 34, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, '63; captiu'iMl 
 at Mark's Mills and died Sept. 24, '65, at Tyler, Tex. 
 
 John H. Deals, age 20, private, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; died at 
 Keokuk of chronic diarrhea, June 22, '63. 
 
 Jacob I'>lder, age 29, private, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; died at 
 Memphis, Tenn., Sept. 16, '63. 
 
 AVin. G. Elder, age 19, private, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62. 
 
 Albert Grimes, age 41, private, Co. A: must, in Sept. 11, '62; wounded 
 slightly and captured at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Jacob Gray, age 20, private, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62. 
 
 Richard R. Gunter, age 32, private, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; dis- 
 charged for disability March 12, '63, at St. Louis. 
 
 Geo. W. Grass, age 30, private, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; captured 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Wm. A. Hamilton, age 19, private, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; died 
 at Helena, '68. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 63 
 
 Jacob Hull, age 23. private. Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; discharged 
 for disability. Dec. 19. '63. 
 
 Wm. Homes, nge 26, private, Co. A; must, in ^ept. 11, '62; died at 
 Helena, Ark., '63. 
 
 Harry Hobm-n, age, 27, private. Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; dis 
 charged Nov. 10, '63, for disability. 
 
 .John Harbison, age 23, private, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11. '63. 
 
 (>(x>. W. Harper, private, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11. '63. 
 
 Harry Hendrickson. age 28, private, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62. 
 
 Frederick Hiteman, age 25, private, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62. 
 
 Wm. Humphrey, age 39, private. Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; died 
 at Keokuk, Nov. 10, '62. 
 
 Sam'l ,T. Hendricks, age 31. private, Co. A; nuist. in Sept. 11, '62; dis- 
 charged April 11, '63. 
 
 .Jacob Hendrix, age 22, private, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; cap- 
 tured at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Henry Harger, age 22, private, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62. 
 
 Isaac M. Hill, age 30, private, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; wounded 
 and died at Elkin.s' Ford, Ark., '64. 
 
 Dan'l Ivens, age 44, private, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; promoted 
 hospital steward, Oct. 4, '62. 
 
 Wm. H. Knight, age 21, private, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; died 
 at Little Rock, Ark., March 22, '64. 
 
 ratrick Kennedy, age 28, private, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; dieil 
 at Keokuk, Oct. 13, '63. 
 
 Elijah T. Knight, age 27, private, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11, '62; dis- 
 charged Nov. 30, '(S. 
 
 .las. C. Lyons, age 22, private, Co. A; must, in Sept. 11. '62; died at 
 Keokuk, Dec. 3, '62. 
 
 Alfred Lowe, age 36, private, Co. A; nuist. in Sept. 11, '62; discharged 
 for disability ^larch 24, 'tVl 
 
 .Tohn Lucas, age 33, private, Co. A; must, in Sept, 11, '62. 
 
 Nelson Derl)y, age IS, private, Co. B; must, in Sept. 3, '62; captiu-ed 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 
 John W. McMahill, age 22, private. Co. B; nuist. in Sept. 3, '62. 
 
 Thos. J. McCormack, age 26, private, Co. B; nuist. in Sept. 3, '62. 
 
 Hiram A. Fratt, age 22, private, Co. B; must, in Sept. 3, '62; captured 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Jacob West, age 38, private, Co. B; must, in Sept. 3, '62; captured 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Levi West, age 31, private, Co. B; must, in Sept. 3, '62; discharged 
 for disability at St. Louis. 
 
 John H. T. Harn. age IS, musician. Co. C; must, in Sei)t. 18, '62. 
 
 Wilson Burris. age 30, private, Co. C; must, in Sept. IS, '62;' captured 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 
 O. P. Huntington, age 21, private, Co. C; must, in Sept. 18. 'r,2; dis- 
 chan:e<l for disability at Helena, Ark. 
 
 Uriah Link, age 24, private, Co. C; must, in Sept. 18, '62; severely 
 wimnde^l and captured at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Matthias Lainon, age 24. private, Co. C; must, in Sept. IS, '62; dis- 
 charged for disability at St. T.,ouis. 
 
 Dan'l H. Sumner, age 21, piivati-, Co. C; must. In Sept. 18, '62; cap- 
 tured at Mark's Mills. 
 
64 HISTORY OF MOXh'OE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Michc-iel K. Tedrow, age 35, private, Co. C; must, iu Sept. 18, *62; cap- 
 tured at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Richard Hobson, age 26, 5th Corp., Co. D; must, iu Sept. 6, 'G2; cap- 
 tured at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Peter Stuber, age 23, 6th corp., Co.D; must, in Sept. 6, '62. 
 
 Wm. Amos, age 18, private, Co. D; must, iu Sept. 6, '62; captured 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Geo. Amos, age 23, private, Co. D; must, in Sept. 6, '62. 
 
 Jas. M. Blair, age 25, private, Co. D; must, in Sept. 6, '62. 
 
 Geo. W. Blair, age 22, private, Co. D; must, in Sept. 6, '62. 
 
 Dan'l T. Fall, age 18, private, Co. D; must, in Sept. 6, '62; captured 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Benj. F. Gordon, age 18. private, Co. D; must, in Sept. 6, '62; captured 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 
 David F. Gray, age 22, private, Co. D; must, iu Sept. 6, '62. 
 
 John S. Gray, age 19, private, Co. D; must, in Sept. 6, '62; captured 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Thos. Myers, age 24, private, Co. D; must, in Sept. 6, '62. 
 
 Joseph Roberts, age 22, private, Co. D; must, in Sept. 6, '62; dis- 
 charged for disability at St. Louis. 
 
 Philip Stuber, age IS, private, Co. D; must, in Sept. 6, '62; discharged 
 at Keokuk for heart disease. 
 
 John G. Steele, age 23, private, Co. D; must in Sept. 6, '62. 
 
 Abrara Umbenhower, age 19, private, Co. D; must, in Sept. 6, '62; 
 captured at Mark's Mills. 
 
 John D. Westfall, age 43, 4th corp., Co. F; must, in Oct. 4, '62. 
 
 Wm. K. Kemper, age 22, 3d ser., Co. F; must, in Oct. 4, '62. 
 
 Thos. A. Duckworth, age 25, 6th corp., Co. F; must in Oct. 4, '62. 
 
 Martin L. Landis, age 18, musician, Co. F; must, in Oct. 4, "62. 
 
 John M. CoUett, age 18, private, Co. F; must, in Oct. 4, '62. 
 
 Robert Etheredge. age 19, private, Co. F; must, in Oct. 4, '62; dis- 
 charged at Helena for disability. 
 
 Elihu IManley, age 21, private, Co. F; must, in Oct. 4, '62. 
 
 Wm. Eads, age 37, private, Co. F; must, in Oct. 4, '62; discharged 
 at Helena for disability. 
 
 Alex. Eads, age 29, private, Co. F; must, in Oct. 4, '62. 
 
 Jas. C. Evans, age 38, private, Co. F; must, iu Oct. 4, '62; died of 
 disease at Little Rock, Aug. 6, '64. 
 
 David Evans, age 28, private, Co. F ; must, in Oct. 4, '62. 
 
 John Marchbanks, age 32, private, Co. F; must, in Oct. 4, '62; dis- 
 charged at St. Louis for disability. 
 
 Nimrod Marchbanks, age 37, private, Co. F; must, in Oct. 4, '62. 
 
 Chas. B. Main, age 26, private, Co. F; must, in Oct. 4, '62; killed 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 
 John R. May, age 19, private, Co. F; must, in Oct. 4, '62; discharged 
 for disability. 
 
 Ephraim Nicholson, age 21, private, Co. F; must, in Oct. 4, '62; 
 wounded slightly and captured at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Wm. P. Smith, age 18, private, Co. F; must, in Oct. 4, '62; died of 
 consumption, Nov. 1, '63, at Little Bock. 
 
 Andrew B. Prayther, age 25, private, Co. F; must, in Oct. 4, '62. 
 
 Luther C. Rohind, age 21, private, Co. F: must, in Oct 4, '62. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. JOWA. 55 
 
 Alexander C. Sheeks. age IS. private, Co. F; must, in Oct. 4, '<»12; died 
 
 Nov. 27, '<>2, at Kt'okuk. 
 .Tohn T. SluH'ks. a fie 24. private, Co. F; must, in Oct. 4, '(!2. 
 Isaac 11. SluM'ks. af:e21, private, Co. F: nnist. in Oct. 4, '02. 
 Wm. B. A. Carter, ay;e 2;>, musician, Co. K; nuist. in Sept. 15, 'ri2. 
 Geo. W. Brott, age 20, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62; wounded, 
 
 captured, and died at Mark's Mills. 
 Luthei- C. Bailey, ajre 42. private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62. 
 Jacob Hajrer. a fie 25. private. Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02. 
 Jas. B. IMiillips. afro ;i5, private, Co. K; nnist. in Sept. 15, '02; dis- 
 
 cliarfred at St. I»uis for disability. 
 Joseph S. Robertson, afie 35. private. Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02; 
 
 died of typlioid fever at Keokuk. June 17. '03. 
 Robt. Turner, afie li), private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15. '02; died at 
 
 Keokuk. Nov. 10, '02. of inflammation of brain. 
 Geo. W. Noble, age 33. capt.. Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02. 
 John Webb, Jr., age 35, 1st lieut., Co. K: must, in Sept. 15. '02. 
 John Lambert, age 28, 2d lieut., Co. K; must, in Sept. 1.5, '62. 
 John A. Hurlburt. age 28, 1st ser., Co. K: nuist. in Sept. 15, '02. 
 Geo. Hickenlooper, age 36, 2d ser., Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02; mus- 
 tered out as lieutenant. 
 Josiah T. Young, age 31. 3d ser.. Co. K; must, in Sept. 13, '02; wound- 
 ed slightly and captured at Mark's Mills. 
 Kii Moak, age 35, 4th ser., Co. K; must, in Aug. 18. '02; captured at 
 
 Mark's Mills. 
 li-a Hawkins, age ;>1. 5tli ser.. Co. K; nuist. in Sept. 15, '02; died at 
 
 Memphis of diarrhea. March 17, '03. 
 Win. S. C(»llins. age 34. 1st Corp., Co. K; must, in Sept. 15. '02; reduced 
 
 to ranks. 
 Moses Edwards, age 10. 1st Corp., Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62. 
 Benj. Kimbrell, age 30. 2d coi-p.. Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62; cap- 
 
 tunxl at Mark's Mills. 
 Jonathan Potts, age 35. 4th eorp., Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, "02; dietl 
 
 at Helena. Ark., of fever. May 15, '63. 
 Sam'l J. McGinnis. age 20. 4th corp.. Co. K; must, in Sept. 15. '02. 
 .Tas. W. Taylor, age 38, 5th corp.. Cu. K; nni.st. in Oct. 15. '02; cap- 
 tured at Mark's Mills and died of wounds and exposure in 
 prison at Tyler, Tex.. .Tune 12. '64. 
 Fdwan! Kads. age .38. 7th Corp., Co. K; must, in Oct. 15. '02; captured 
 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 Jas. .M(in"yh,in. a.^e .{2. Sth <orp., Co. K; must, in Si pt. 15. "OJ; cai)- 
 
 turetl at Mark's .Mills. 
 Wm. 10. Xevdle. age 30, 8tli corp.. Co. K; must, in Oct. 15, '62. 
 Edward D. Puirh, ige 32. musician, Co. K; must, in Sei)t. 15. '(12; re 
 
 duccd to ranks. 
 John R. Millisan. age 18. nuisieian, Co. K: must, in Sept. 15. '02. 
 Henry H. .Vndrew. age ■2(t. wagoner. Co. K: must, in Scjit. 15, '02; c.ip 
 
 t\u-ed at Mark's Mills. 
 Martin .-Vnderson. age 2o, i)rivate. Ct». K; must, in Sept. 15, '02. 
 A. I.. Anderson, age 30. private. Co. K; must, in Sept. 1.5. 't?2; dii^l of 
 
 congestion of bowels, Aug. 6, '63, at Helena, Ark. 
 Martin J. Anderson, age ■2(t, private, Co. K; nnist. in Sept. 15. '02; 
 wounded severely at Jenkins' Ferry, Ark., .\pril 3o. 'iVL 
 5 
 
66 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Creed H. Amos, age 19, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62; died at 
 Helena of inflammation of lungs. 
 
 Andrew Bennett, age 23, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62. 
 
 Wm. Brawdy, age 24, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62. 
 
 A. M. Bailey, age 26, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 16, '62; captured 
 at Marli's Mills. 
 
 Calvin G. Baily, age 21, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62; dis- 
 charged at Little Rocli for disability, Oct. 30, '63. 
 
 Wesley Banister, age 22, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62; killed 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Levi Banister, age 19, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62; captiu-ed 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Thos. Barker, age 35, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62; wounded 
 slightly at Elkins' Ford and captured at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Aaron A. Campbell, age 25, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62; cap- 
 tured at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Thos. H. Case, age 22, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62; captured 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Joseph Chambers, age 30, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62; cap- 
 tured at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Henry W. Cline, age 19, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62; killed 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Lewis Davis, age 41, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62. 
 
 John Day, age 34. 
 
 John Epperson, age 22, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62; died at 
 St. Charles, Ark., June 3, '65. 
 
 Stephen M. Ely, age 22, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62. 
 
 Jns. G. Gibson, age 32. private, Co. K; miist. in Sept. 15, '62. 
 
 Nathan Hummel, age 33, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62; Killed 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Larkin Harlow, age 21, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62; dis- 
 charged for disability, Jan. 14, '63. 
 
 Wm. P. Hannon, age 35, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62; died 
 Aug. 21, '63, at Clarendon, Ark., of congestive chills. 
 
 Henry Humston, age 28, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62. 
 
 Jacob Hagar, age 25, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62; captured 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Rowland Judd, age 27, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62; cap- 
 tured at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Wm. G. Jackson, age 33. private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62; cap- 
 tured at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Wm. AV. Keeling, age 35, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62; cap- 
 tured at Mark's Mills. 
 
 Robt. M. Kirkendall, age 35, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62. 
 
 Elisha Kenworthy, age 19, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62. 
 
 Calvin Lemons, age 19, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62. 
 
 Lewis Montgomery, age 19. private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62. 
 
 Andrew J. Manley, age 21, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62. 
 
 Joseph Morford, age 22, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62. 
 
 John R. Milligan, age 18, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62; dis- 
 charged Aug. 23, '65, at Keokuk. 
 
 Wm. W. Moss, age 25, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '62. 
 
nrF!TORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 67 
 
 Wm. H. Morris, ajre 21. private, Co. K; miist. in Sept. 15, '02; died of 
 
 bronchitis. Fob. 10, '03. 
 Jackson Maxwell, ajre 20, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02; 
 
 wounded and captured at Mark's Mills. 
 Jas. A. Murphy, agre 37. private. Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02; cap- 
 tured at JNIurk's Mills and died July 12, '04, at Tyler, Tex. 
 Daniel O'Neil, ajre 23. private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02; captm-ed 
 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 Ole Olston, age 37, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02; died at Little 
 
 Rock, Sept. 24, '03, of typhoid fever. 
 David W. Potts, age 2,5, private. Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02; died at 
 
 Helena, April 11, '03, of typlioid fever. 
 .Tacob G. Potts, age 23, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02; captured 
 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 .Jonathan Potts, age 24. private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02; died 
 
 at Keokuk, Nov. 15, '03, of measles. 
 Nicholas Pfendler, age 33, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02. 
 p]li Robins, age 44, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02; died of 
 
 smallpox at St. Louis, Jan. 15, '03. 
 Edwin Robins, age 23, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02; captured 
 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 Byron Richmond, age 19, private, Co. K; must, in- Sept. 15, '02; 
 
 wounded and captured at Mark's Mills, died of wounds. 
 Hiram F. Ray, age 24, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02. 
 Jas. Stewart, age 29, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02. 
 David A. Smith, age 18, private. Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02; died at 
 
 Keokuk of measles, Nov. 27, '02. 
 Thos. Smiley, age 24, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02. 
 Wm. Stephens, age 20, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02; captured 
 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 Chas. B. Smith, age 20. private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02; captiu-ed 
 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 Wm. H. Taylor, age 24, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02; died of 
 
 typhoid fever, Oct. 24, '02. 
 Jas. T. Thair, age 25, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02; captured 
 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 Thos. M. Thornton, age 20, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02; 
 
 wounded at Elkins' Ford. 
 Reuben yi. Thorpe, age 24, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02; cap 
 
 tured at Mark's Mills. 
 John Thomas, age 19, private. Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02; captured 
 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 Geo. Wiggins, age 21. private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02; captureil 
 
 at Mark's Mills, and died at New Orleans of diarrhea. 
 Jonathan Witham, age 43, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02. 
 Smith V. Wattles, age 18, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 15, '02; killed 
 
 at Mark's Mills. 
 Chas. Campbell, private, Co. K; rejected on account of hernia. 
 Michael Roland, private, Co. K; rejected on account of hernia. 
 John Holsclaw, private, Co. K; rejected on account of rheumatism. 
 Wm. I. Long, private, Co. K; rejected on account of fits. 
 Wm. Moss, private, Co. K; rejected on account of broken collar bone. 
 David Scott, private, Co. K; rejected on account of rheumatism. 
 
68 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Geo. Vansci, private, Co. K; rejected on account of fits. 
 
 John A. Walker, private, Co. K; rejected on account of broken ankle. 
 
 Chas. E. White, age 31, private, Co. K; must, in Nov. 10, '62. 
 
 ^Ym. F. SpeiTy, age IS, private, Co. K; must, in Feb. 20, '64; wounded 
 
 and taken prisoner at Elkins' Ford, Ark.; died Dec. 1, '64. 
 
 at Camden, Ark. 
 Leander Tyrrell, age 19, private, Co. K; must, in Feb. 20, '64; taken 
 
 prisoner at Mark's jNIills. 
 Valentine Wan-en, age 18, private, Co. K; must, in Feb. 22, '64; 
 
 wounded at Elkins' Ford, April 4, '64. 
 Joseph AVarx-en, age 18, private, Co. K; must, in March 31, '64; died of 
 
 disease, July 13, '64, at Little Rock. 
 James Warrick, age 27, private, Co. K; must, in March 9, '64; died at 
 
 Memphis, Oct. 4, '64, of clironic diaiTliea. 
 Samuel Hughes, age 24, private, Co. D; must, in March .5, '64; dierl 
 
 of measles at Little River, Mo., April 3, '64. 
 Sam. T. Boals, age 18, private. Co. K; must, in Feb. 11, '64; taken 
 
 prisoner in Arlvausas, April 25, '64. 
 Thos. J. Keeling, private, Co. K; must, in Feb. 25, '64; died at Little 
 
 Rock, May 20, '64. 
 Chas. B. Reed, age 19, private, Co. K; must, in Feb. 29, '64; taken 
 
 prisoner in Arkansas, April 25, '64. 
 Abraliam P. Waugh, age 19, private, Co. K; must, in Feb. 29, '64; died 
 
 at Mark's Mills, May 7, '64. 
 Wm. J. Young, age 18, private, Co. K; must, in Feb. 11, '64; taken 
 
 prisoner in Arkansas, April 25, '64. 
 John A. Anderson, age 21, private, Co. K; must, in Feb. 20, '<U. 
 Calvin M. Andei-son, age 19, private, Co. K; must, in March 29, '64. 
 John Anderson, age 18, private, Co. K; must, in Oct. 20, '64. 
 Azai-iah Banister, age 19, private, Co, K; must, in Feb. 25, '64. 
 Sam'l Bain, age 40, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 26, '04. 
 Sam'l Christy, age 27, private, Co. K; must, in Oct. 20, '64. 
 Wm. F. DoAvns, age 18, private, Co. K; must, in March 27, '64. 
 Wm. Glass, age 44, private, Co. K; must, in Oct. 20, '64. 
 Wm. R. Jiidson, age 36, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 10, '64. 
 Thos. H. L. Knight, age 19, private, Co. A; must, in March 9, '64. 
 Chas. A. Livingston, age 18, private, Co. A; must, in Feb. 20, '64. 
 Eben W. Loper, age IS, private, Co. K; must, in Feb. 20, '64. 
 Peter Miller, age 21, private, Co. K; must, in Feb. 20, '64. 
 Jas. H. Nelson, age 17, private, Co. K; must, in March 4, '64. 
 Christopher Nickles, age 35, private, Co. K; must, in Feb. 13, '64. 
 Algernon Repp, age 20, private, Co. K; must, in Feb. 24, '64. 
 
 THIRTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. 
 
 ("Graybeard Regiment.") 
 
 Henry C. Markham, age 49, 1st lieut., Co. G; must, in Nov. 14, '62. 
 
 Wm. Welsh, age 52, 5th ser., Co. G; must, in Sept. 9, '62. 
 
 Isaac Drury, age 62, private, Co. G; must, in Nov. 13, '62. 
 
 Asahil Parmenter, age 65, private, Co. G; nuist. in Nov. 13, '62; dis- 
 charged for disability, July 4, '64. 
 
 Job Rogers, age 55, private, Co. G; must, in Nov. 14, '62; died of 
 disease, May 1, '63. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 69 
 
 Curtis Kinjr. ago SO, private, Co. II; must, in Dec. 13, '62; discharged 
 for disability, INlarcli 12(». \V.l 
 
 Andrew Sweeney, age (>-, private. Co II; must, in Nov. 20, '(52. 
 
 Ishniarl Kohinson, age 4!». private, Co. 1; must, in Nov. 11), '(12. 
 
 lioht. Lyon. Co. I; went into quarters and died at Miiseatiiu- of 
 typlioid fever. May 27, '02. 
 
 .John .1. Duncan, age 45, 2d lieut., Co. K; must, in Nov. 28. '02. 
 
 Danford Cross, age 53, 5th ser., Co. K; nuist. in Nov. 12. '02; dis- 
 charged Sept. 21), '("4. 
 
 Tlios. Sumner, age 47, 4th Corp., Co. K; must, in Nov. 12, '02. 
 
 Bennett Cliue, age 57, private, Co. K; nuist. in Nov. 12, '02. 
 
 Nathan English, age 45, private, Co. K; nuist. in Nov. 12. '02; dis- 
 charged lor disability. May 5, '0;>. 
 
 Calvin Furgason, age 42. private, Co. K; must, in Nov. 12. '02; dis- 
 charged for disability, April 11, '03. 
 
 I'Tuoch (rolihor, age 48, private, Co. K; nuist. in Nov. 14. ■(>2; wounded 
 Aug. 15, '04; accidentally nui over by cars. Memphis. Tenn. 
 
 Wm. Miles. -Ase 45. private. Co. K; must, in Nov. 12. '02. 
 
 Chas. Smith, age 47, private, Co. K; must, in Nov. 12, '02. 
 
 Dau'l Shelby, age 47, private. Co. K; must, in Nov. 12, '02. 
 
 Keese Wolfe, age 47, private, Co. K; must, in Nov. 12, '02; died of 
 dise;ise, Sept. 3, '03, at Alton, 111. 
 
 Thos. J. Auspach, private, Co. K; rejected for being under age. 
 
 Adam Smith, private, Co. K; rejected for being under age. 
 
 FORTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. 
 
 Henry Miller, age 35, 1st Ueut, Co. G; must, in June 10, '04. 
 .Tosiali r.. Duncan, age 40. 2d lieut., Co. G; mu.st. in June 10, '64. 
 Dan'l M. Miller, age 22. 2d ser.. Co. G; must, in June 10, '04. 
 Will. Eads, age 38, 1st corp., Co. G; must, in June 10, '04. 
 Creetl C. Scott, age 21, 3d corp., Co. G; must, in Jime 10, '04. 
 John MuUinix, age 38, 4th corp., Co. G; must, in June 10, '04. 
 Dan'l Etter, age 38. 
 
 N. W. Wilcox, age 21, Sth corp., Co. G; must, in June 10, '04. 
 C. C. Hays, age 18, musician, Co. G; must, in June 10, '64. 
 Frederic Prindle. age 18. musician, Co. G; must, in June 10, '04. 
 John McCreary, age 45. 
 
 J. M. Anderson, age 18, private, Co. G; must, in June 10, '*U. 
 Dan'l n. Amos, private, Co. G; must, in June 10. 'M. 
 Addison Hoggs, age 18, private, Co. G; must, in June 10, 'f>4. 
 Clark N. Kone. age 18, private, Co. G; must, in June 10. 'M. 
 Jas. A. Bone, age 18, private. Co. G; must, in Ju!u> l(t. 'ri4. 
 .facob II. Cowger, age 42. i)rivate, Co. G; must, in June 10. '04. 
 John Conway, age 1'.), i»rivate. Co. (J; must, in June 10. '(U. 
 Ezra T. Cone, age 21. ])rivate, Co. (i; must, in Jnnt> l(t, \'A. 
 Elisha C. Dawson, age 21, private, Co. G; must, in .lune in, "04. 
 Jas. W. Dent, age l.s. private. Co. (J; must, in June Hi, '{\4. 
 John Elder, .ige IS, juMv.ite. Co. G; must, in June 10. '04. 
 Micii.ii 1 Fullen, age IS. private. Co. G; must, in June in, '(;4. 
 I'l-ancis Giilx-rt. age 2:?. private, Co. G; must, in June 1(», '04. 
 John S. Gibson, age IS, private. Co. G; nnist. in .Fune lo, '(>4. 
 Uobt. G. Gilison. age i;i. jirivnte. Co. G; nnisl. in June in, 'i;i 
 
70 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Sqiiire Grissom, age 18, private, Co. G; must, in June 10, '64. 
 Thos. J. HoUingshead, age 20, private, Co. G; must, in June 10, '64. 
 John Q. Hamilton, age 18, private, Co. G; must, in June 10, '64. 
 Josiali Kellogg, age 43. 
 
 Elias M. Miller, age 18, private, Co. G; must, in June 10, '64. 
 A. F. W. B. Morford, age 21, private, Co. G; must, in June 10, 64. 
 Wm. H. McConnell, age 18, private, Co. G; must, in June 10, '64. 
 Chas. A. Martin, age 18, private, Co. G; must, in June 10, '64. 
 Frank O. Mark, age 18, private, Co. G; must, in June 10, '64. 
 Leander D. Phinny, age 33, private, Co. G; must, in June 10, '64. 
 John A. J. Sims, age 23, private, Co. G; must, in June 10, '64. 
 Sam'l Smith, age 18, private, Co. G; must, in June 10, '64. 
 RoUiugs A. Snethen. 
 
 FORTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. 
 
 Nathan B. Sullivan, age 18, private, Co. G; must, in June 10, '64. 
 Dexter M. Taylor, age 18, private, Co. G; must, in June 10, '64. 
 Thos. A. Tucker, age 40, private, Co. G; must, in June 10, '64. 
 Wm. A. Thornton, age 21, private, Co. G; must, in June 10, '64. 
 G. A. Ulrick, age 19, private, Co. G; must, in June 10, '64. 
 Jas. B. Vaughn, age 26, private, Co. G; must, in June 10, '64. 
 
 FIRST CAVALRY. 
 
 Field and Staff. 
 
 Dan'l Anderson, age 40, major; must, in July 10, '62; promoted from 
 
 captain of Co. H. 
 Henry L. Dashiell, age 26, commissary; must, in Aug. 26, '62; promoted 
 
 from 4th sergeant of Co. H. 
 Thos. H. Elder, age 25, B. H. S.; must, in Oct. 7, '62. 
 Wm. Mann, age 25, B. V. S.; must, in Oct. 7, '62. 
 
 Roster of Companies. 
 
 Dan'l Anderson, age 40, capt.,Co. H; commissioned Sept. 23, '61. 
 
 Riley Wescoatt, age 33, capt., Co. H; must, in July 10, '62; promoted 
 captain in '65. 
 
 A. U. McCormack, age 24, 2d lieut, Co. H; must, in July 10, '62; pro 
 moted captain. 
 
 Sam'l T. Craig, age 26, 1st ser., Co. H; must, in Sept. 1, "62; pi-o- 
 moted lieutenant and quartermaster. 
 
 E. R. Rockwell, age 33, com. sur., Co. H; must, in Nov. 1, '62; wound- 
 ed in lower jaw at Clinton, Mo., April 7, '65. 
 
 W. H. Harris, age 20, 3d ser., Co. H; must, in Aug. 3, '61; died of 
 typhoid fever, Keytesville, Mo., ov. 5, '62. 
 
 Josephus Hays, age 19, 3d ser., Co. H; must, in Nov. 5, '62; died 
 Nov. 25, '63. 
 
 Henry L. Dashiell, age 26, 4th ser., Co. H; must, in Sept. 1, '62; pro- 
 moted Q. M. S., 2d bat.; promoted regimental com. Aug. 
 26, '62. 
 
 Isaac S. Jones, age 27, 1st corp., Co. H; must, in Aug. 10, '61. 
 
 Jas. H. Cowan, age 21, 2d corp., Co. H; must, in Jan. 1, '63. 
 
 A. G. Chambers, age 35, 3d corp., Co. H; must, in Jan. 1, '63; dis- 
 charged at Jefferson City, Mo.. Feb. 6, '62. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 71 
 
 J. R. Castle, ape 30, 3d Corp.. Co. H; must, in Fob. 7, 'G2. 
 
 Jas. McCoy, aj;e 33, 4th Corp., Co. II; must, in Feb. 7, '02; discharj^etl 
 
 by Gon. Ilallock, June 26, '02. 
 II. G. Bales, a?:e 10, 0th Corp.. Co. H; must, in Feb. 7, '02. 
 Nathan Gilbert, ase 22, 7th Corp., Co. H; nnist. in Feb. 7, '62. 
 Reitzell Blair, ase 25, 8th corp., Co. II; must, in Feb. 7, '02. 
 T>. C. Kenworthy, n^e 22, bujjler, Co. II; nuist. in Sept. 1, '02. 
 Wm. Sharton, age 23, bugler, Co. G; must, in Feb. 7, '(52. 
 S. .1. Hunt, age 27, fan-ier, Co. H; must, in Sept. 1, '(>2; reduced to 
 
 ranks, July 1, '02, and discharged for dis;ibility. 
 Benj. Shuman, age 31, fan-ier, Co. H; miist. in July 1, '02; died of 
 
 chronic diarrhea, Nov. 30, '63, at Little Rock. 
 John Dull, age 44, farrier, Co. H; must, in Aug. 10, '61; died at Little 
 
 Rock, Oct. 13, '03, of diarrhea. 
 Henry Wood, age 37, wagoner, Co. H; must, in Aug. 10, '61. 
 W. H. Adams, age 19, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 10, '(il. 
 Silas Adams, age 20, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 10. '01. 
 Jas. C. Allen, age 24, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 10, '01. 
 Jos. S. Bates, age 24, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 10, '01. 
 Sterling S. Bates, age 24, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 10, '61. 
 S. H. Babb, age 24, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 10, '61. 
 Wasliington Bernard, age 32, private. Co. H; must, in Aug. 10, '61. 
 F. P. Birkhall, age 2S. private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 10, '61. 
 I). H. Bristow, age 19, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 10, '01; died at 
 
 Memphis, Sept. 26, '03. 
 F. Burdan, age 20. corp.. Co. H; must, in Aug. 10, '61. 
 N. A. Carroll, age 18. private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 10. '01. 
 David Carnes. age 19. private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 10. '01. 
 Wm. H. Cowan, age 19, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 10, '01; pro- 
 moted sergeant. 
 Jas. Craig, age 29, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 10. '01. 
 Thos. H. Dull, age 19, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 10, '01. 
 Chilon Dixon, age 19, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 10, '01. 
 Thos. II. Flder. age 2.5. private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 10. '01; piv)- 
 
 muted hos. sin-., 2d bat., Oct. 7, '01. 
 Tlios. Fauts. age 24, private, Co. H: must, in Aug. 10, '01; disch:irg(>d 
 
 for disability, Sept. 13, '62. 
 J. H. Fcrman, age 21, private, Co. H; must, in .\ug. 10, '01. 
 Henry C. Gilbert, age 18, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 10, '61. 
 A. J. Harrison, age 24, private, Co. II; must, in Aug. Id. 'f,i : dis- 
 
 ehargetl at Burlington, August, '61. 
 Isaac H.irtsuck, age 22, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 10, '61. 
 Lafe. Harris, age IS, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 10, '61; died of 
 
 tyi)lioid fever at Jefferson City, Jan. 29, '62. 
 Josephus Hays, age 19, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 3, '61; promoted 
 
 3d sergeant. 
 C. H. Holmes, age 21. private, Co. II; must, in Aug. ."., '01; dii-d Nov. 
 
 8. '05, of diarrhea. 
 
 Itichiud S. Knight, age 20, private, Co. H; must. In Aug. 3, '61. 
 
 W. B. Kendall, age 39, private, Co. H; must in Aug. 3, '61. 
 
 C. O. Leary, age 42, private. Co.-H; must. In Aug. 3, 'Gl; died June 
 
 9. '03. at RoUo, Mo. 
 
72 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Wm. Mann, age 25, farrier, Co. H; must, in Aug. 3, '61. 
 
 Dyas Neil, age 21, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 3, '61. 
 
 David W. Scott, age 25, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 3, '61; died 
 Jan. 6, '64, of diarrhea. 
 
 M. W. Sullivan, age 20, private, Co. H. 
 
 Ben. J. Shuman, age 31, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 3, '61. 
 
 Israel Shepherd, age 21, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 3, '61; dis- 
 charged Dec. 8, '62; died at Springfield, Mo., Dec. 9, '62. 
 
 Geo. Sturgis, age 23, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 3, '61. 
 
 Robt. Sinclair, age 29, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 3, '61. 
 
 W. H. Spurgin, age 19, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 3, '61. 
 
 Robt. W. Tuttle, age 21, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 3, '61. 
 
 Mason M. Swift, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 3, '61; rejected— over 
 age. 
 
 V. M. Guinn, age 21, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 3, '61. 
 
 H. H. Jefferson, age 21, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 3, '61. 
 
 C. A. Emery, age 23, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 3, '61. 
 Geo. C. Thompson, age 21, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 4, '61. 
 Albert Gilbert, age 25, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 3, '61; died of 
 
 typhoid fever, Dec. 26, '62, at Prairie Grove, Ark. 
 L. B. Hazard, age 23, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 3, '61. 
 Joseph B. Teas, age 18, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 3, '61. 
 S. M. Kester, age 18, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 3, '61. 
 J. L. Staggers, age 25, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 3, '61. 
 L. R. Frenier, age 23, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 8, '62. 
 Abrara Remson, age 28, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 8, '62. 
 
 D. H. Ferman, age 24, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. S, '62. 
 John Gilbert, age 25, private, Co. H ; must, in Aug. 8, '61. 
 AV. T. Maxwell, age 24, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 8, '62. 
 L. B. Cai'lton, age 21, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 8, '62. 
 Albert T. Hart, age 18, private,, Co. H; must, in Aug. 8, '62. 
 John Hampton, age 29, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 8, '62. 
 
 J. F. B. Searcy, age 36, private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 8, '62; dis- 
 charged for disability, Feb. 23, '65. 
 
 A. K. Georges ago 19. private, Co. H; must, in Aug. 8, '62; died Nov. 
 7, '63, at Georgetown. 
 
 D. M. Rider, age IS, private, (}o. H: must, in Aug. 8, '62. 
 
 Dallas Richardson, age 19, private; must, in Feb. 24. '64; unassigned 
 to company in Adjutant-General's Report. 
 
 Arch. Sinclair, age 18, private; must, in Feb. 24, '64; imassigned 
 to company in Adjufamt-General's Report. 
 
 Wm. W. Davis, age 18, private, Co. H; must, in Feb. 25, '64; killed 
 l-\'b. 28, '65. near Mempliis, Tenn. 
 
 John M. Spi-ague, age 26, private, Co. H; must, in Feb. 22, '64. 
 
 Geo. Leas, age 18, private, Co. H; must, in June 20, '64. 
 
 SECOND CAVALRY. ' 
 
 Sam'l Austin, age 18, private. Co. K; must, in March 19, '(i4. 
 Alonzo O. Barber, age 34, private, Co. L; must, in March 10, '64. 
 J. M. Taylor. Co. K. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 73 
 
 THIRD CAVALRY. 
 
 GiH>. M . Stanuu. ajre 12:?, 1st sor., Co. K; iiiiist. in .Inly 1(5, 'G12; pro- 
 
 moUnl 1st licutt'iiaut, '04. 
 ^^■ln. Austin, age 10. private, Co. K; luust. in 8opt. 14, '01. 
 Jas. M. Miller, ajie 21. private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 14, '01. 
 N. N. Williamson, age "-7. private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 14, '01. 
 W. S. Lewis, age 42. B. V. S., Co. K; must, in Nov. 27, '01. 
 W. H. H. Asberry. age 24, r)tli ser., Co. E; must, in Sept. 4, '01; dis- 
 
 ehargeil fur disability at St. Louis in '02. 
 Alvin II. Griswald. age 2('.. 2(1 lieut.. Co. K: must, in Sept. 14, '01; 
 
 killed in ambush. Village Creek, Ark., June 27, '02. 
 Thos. Commons, age 2">, r»tli ser., Co. K; must, in Sept. 1. 'r(2. 
 A. D. Woodruir. age 34, Otli eorp., Co. K: must, in Sept. 14, '01; re- 
 
 dueetl to ranks. 
 Arthur K. Ewing, age 30, wagi>ner, Co. K; mu>t. in St-pt. 3, '01. 
 W. II. Blake, age 22, private. Co. K; must, in Sept. 3, '02; promoted 
 
 corporal. 
 Thos. Borman, age 24, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 3, '01. 
 John Cuch, age IS, private, Co. K; must, in Sept. 3, '(il. 
 G. W. Holt, age 30, private. Co. K; must, in Sept. 3. '01. 
 Robert Tyrrell, age 18, Co. K. 
 A. J. Graves, age IS, teamster, Co. X; must, in Sept. 12. '01. 
 
 FOURTH CAVALRY. 
 
 John H. Ryan, age 19, private, Co. F; must, in Nov. 23, '01. 
 Andrew N. Stamm, age 35, 1st ser., Co. G; must, in Oct. 1, '02; pro- 
 moti'd 2d lieutenant; served in Mexican War. 
 
 SEVENTH CAVALRY. 
 
 Divid R. Copple, age 10. private, Co. I; must, in March 2S. '04. 
 Wni. S. Babb, age 10, private, Co. D: must, in March 28, '(!4. 
 
 THIRD BATTERY. 
 
 Andrew II. Robb, age 27, must, in Jan. 1, '04. 
 .las. H. Robb, age 20; must, in Jan. 1. '04. 
 
 The J>i(ift. 
 
 Dui'iii^' th«' liiTtiM- i>!irt of L"^<»- Adjiitautdencnil liaker 
 issued an order that a di'aft he made in Iowa to raii^e 
 recruits, but Secretary of War ('anierou proi'oj^ueil the 
 order, on the j^-ounds that the order should issue from a 
 Federal source instead of from the State; but in November, 
 Ls(j4, a draft was made in five townships in Mourot? County, 
 which w<'re in ari-ears of their respeilive quotas. . 
 
 Many of those who were enrolled for draft were ex- 
 empted, i)winji: to disability. 
 
 Followinj; is a list of those who were enrolled for draft 
 in Monroe County: 
 
74 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Urbana Township: Geo. R. Robinson, Alvixi Stocker, 
 Wm, Malion, Jephtba Robinson, Nimrod Martin, C. C. Van- 
 cleve, Wm. Mclntyre, Joe M.yers, Adam Law, Tbos. Forsiter, 
 W. R. Stoops, D. J. Mclutyrej Wm. Gutch, and J. J. Dale. 
 
 Franklin : Mark Talley, Bryant Finney, Jacob S. Ware, 
 Thomas Murray, A. D. Palmer, Stewart Townsend, Geo. 
 Grimes, and Samuel R. Potts. 
 
 Wayne: Geo. W. Youtsey, A. J, Phillips, Bromes, 
 
 James S, Hogeland, Daniel vStriblen, Isoni Adcock, J. W. 
 Payne, and Wm. Spurling. 
 
 Cedar: S. B. McCarkle, Geo. Kirkendall, Geo. Crosier, 
 
 I. L. McCoy, Bartley Murr, Joshua Weaver, Wm. Wills, 
 Rufus Witham, Alfred Goss, Lot King, Hubbard Wilson, 
 and Wm. Burnett. 
 
 Union: Elias Gilbert, Isiaac Hittle, D. C. Watson, and 
 Michael Heffron. 
 
 Military Organizations. 
 
 The following is a list of the militia organizations in 
 Monroe County from 18C1 to 18()5, as shown by rolls on 
 tile in the Adjutant-General's office: 
 
 Monroe Guards, Captain H. Saunders; organized May 
 
 II, 18G1; accepted for Sixth Infantry. 
 
 Monroe Light Horse, Captain Daniel Anderson; organ- 
 ized May 11, 1861 ; accepted for First Cavalry. 
 
 Voluniteer Militia of Ui*bana Township, Captain J. M. 
 Taylor; date of organization not given. 
 
 Albia Rifles, Captain H. Bachelder; organized August 
 24, 1861. 
 
 Stacyville Union Guards, Captain Levi J. Bidwell; 
 orga,nized June 15, 1861. 
 
 Melrose Guards, Captain W. II. H. Lind; organized 
 October 21, 1861. 
 
 Urbana Gravs, Captain J. M. Tavlor; organized July 
 15,1861. 
 
 Monroe Guards, Captain Geo, P. Bartow; organized 
 September 16, 1863. 
 
 Melrose Gravs, Captain James M. Blue; organized July 
 10, 1863. 
 
 Albia State Guards, ('aptain John Hull; organized 
 May 30, 1863. 
 
 Franklin Sharpshooters, Captain Jno. L. Smith; organ- 
 ized August 23, 1864. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 75 
 
 Military Compauy of Monroe Towusbip, Captain Elias 
 Combs; organized August I'O, 18G4. 
 
 Lovillia Independent Company, Union Township, 
 Captain John Walker ; organized August, 1SG4. 
 
 Urbana Union Company, (Japtain Newton Vancleve; 
 organized September o, 18r>4. 
 
 The Albialnvincibles, Captain Levi S. T, Hatton; organ- 
 ized September 16, 1804. 
 
 Union Township Military Company, Captain Allen 
 Roberts; organized August 27. 1804:. 
 
 Kough and Ready Company, Mantua Township, Captain 
 W. J. McCormick; organized August IS, 1864. 
 
 Military Company, Cedar Township, Captain John 
 Amos; organized August 24, 1804. 
 
 Pleasant Corner Company, Pleasant Township, Captain 
 \Vm. Glass; organized August 12, 1864. 
 
 First Company, Troy Township, Captain Henry Saun- 
 ders; organized August 6, 1864. 
 
 Osprey Rangei's, Captain John M. Hays; organized 
 September 6, 1804. 
 
 Wayne Township Company, Captain Thos. P. Jones; 
 organized August 6, 1864. 
 
 Blutt" Creek Rangers, Captain Chas. Claver; organized 
 August 18, 1864. 
 
 Gilford Township Company, Captain Isaac P. Babb; 
 organized August 23, 1864. 
 
 Pleasant Township Company, Captain Wni. Robb; 
 organized August 27, 1864. 
 
 A number of companies in the foregoing list of militia 
 organizations were but partially organized, and did not 
 receive any arms or accouterments from the State, in 
 sufficient numbers. Indeed, at the presi*nt day, there is 
 some dispute as to the actual existence of one or more of 
 these companies, but their rolls are om file in the Adjutant- 
 General's office at Des Moines. 
 
 The threatened invasion of the soutlu'ra Iowa border 
 by rebels during the war, and especially during its closing 
 period, when a guerrilla band did make a raid into Davis 
 County, called some of this "raw militia'' into existence. 
 They were armed principally with their own squirrel rifles, 
 shot-guns, and tire-arms of every description. The State 
 distributed a few old muskets among them, and also sup- 
 plied many citizens with arms, which, when the scare was 
 
76 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 over, and quiet restored, were called in by the Adjutant- 
 General, and were recovered to the State arsenal with some 
 delay and difficulty. 
 
 In 1875 two miliiia companies were organized in 
 Monroe County. The Albia City Cruards, organized inde- 
 pendently of the State miLitia law, was organized by John 
 Doner, who is at present sheriti of Monroe County. He 
 aotnd as captain of the ooinpany. The company was soon 
 organized as Company E, Fifth Regiment, Iowa National 
 (luards, and was assigned as the color company of the 
 regiment, carrying with it the regimental band, with Cass 
 Kamsay as leader. Captain Doner continued in command 
 of the company. Captain Doner's company was also en- 
 rolled in the State Militia as Company E. 
 
 The O'ther company wa;s chietiy composed of veterans of 
 the late war, and was enrolled as Company K, with W. A. 
 Gray as captain. Captain W. S. Coen also commanded the 
 former company on the resignation of Doner, and Harry 
 Moore succeeded Gray as captain of the latter. Both 
 companiesi disbanded in two or three years. 
 
 List of Soldiers Residing in Monroe County Who Enlisted 
 from Other Localitits. 
 
 This list was made July 1, 189(). 
 J. T. Kowe, Company A, 8d Illinois Infantry (Mexican War). 
 John Walker, Company B, 4th Illinois Infantry. 
 E. T. Paulline, Company P, 38th Illinois Infantry. 
 W^esley Donegan, Company A, 10th Illinois Infantry. 
 C. Stewart, Company E, 12th Illinois Infantry. 
 Joseph Wallace, Company C, 15th Illijiois Infantry. 
 Fergus Mayor, Company B, .'{8th Illinois Infantry. 
 S. M. King, Comi)any E, 20th Illinois Infantry. 
 Owen O'Maley, Company F, 22d Illinoisi Infantry. 
 G. W. Fordyce, Company A, 33d Illinois! Infantry. 
 Morgan Wynn, Company A, 33d Illinois Infantry. 
 S. M. Brunhall, Company F, SOth Illinois Infantry. 
 Oscar Moffitt, Company E, 42d Illinois Infantry. 
 Chas. Gott, Battery A, ;>d Illinois Light Artillery. 
 Spencer Spillar, Company E, 50th Illinois Infantry. 
 Henry Brown, Company A, SOth Illinois Infantry. 
 G. W. Anderson, Company K, 05th Illinois Infantry. 
 J. P. Early, Company F, 93d Illinois Infantry. 
 Marion Keelon, Company B, lOOth Illinois Infantry, 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, TOW A. 77 
 
 John W. Alfoi'd, ('oini)a,ny I, lOlst Illinois Infantry. 
 \V. French. Company K, H'ith Illinois Infant i-y. 
 J. M. ]>ellman. Coniitany II. iLMIth Illinois Infantry. 
 Joseph Wood, Company II, 12Gtli Illinois Infa.ntry, 
 Thad. S. Stewart, Compaaiy K, l.'>7th Illinois Infantry. 
 Joseph Garver. Company I, ISGtli Illinois Infantry. 
 John Hicksou, Company 15, 0th Illinois Infantry. 
 Frank Ilartman, Battery C 1st Illinois Artillery. 
 Ben F. Rose. ComiKmy B, 511i Indiana Infant i-y. 
 Clay Eshom, Company A, 14th Indiana Infantry. 
 Frank Campbell, Company C. 14th Indiana Infantry. 
 Tim Kennedy, Company C, 20th Indiana Infantry. 
 Geo. Loer, Company B, 33d Indiana Infantry. 
 H. H. Mercer, Company E, 15th Indiana Infantry. 
 Joseph Main, Company A, 37th Indiana Infantry. 
 A. S. Lidell, Company' E, 30th Indiana Infantry'. 
 Ed I. Ramsay, Company B, 43d Indiana Infantry. 
 S. A. Sparks, Company K, 43d Indiana Infantry. 
 Geo, Nevins, Company K, 43d Indiana Infantry. 
 M. M. McDowell, Company H, 44th Indiana. Infantry. 
 Clarion Lonjj. Company B, 50th Indiana Infantry. 
 W. I). Rnssell, Company I), 07th Indiana Infantry. 
 David Richart, Company E, 101st Indiana Infantry. 
 John Willis. Company II, 135th Indiana Infantry. 
 
 Wm. Willcox, Company K, 147th Indiana Infantry. 
 
 Henry Darinjj, Wilder Battery. 
 
 Z. Elinofon, Company E, 7th Ohio Infantry. 
 
 Joseph Rvan, Comi)anv C, Stli Oliio Infantry. 
 
 n. B. :Moore, Companies B, A. and F. l.-.th. 27tli. and 25th 
 Ohio Infantry. 
 
 Bntler Raney, Company D. 15th Ohio Infanti-y. 
 
 J. C. Howay, Comj^any A, 23d Ohio Infantry. 
 
 W. N. Crawford. Conipany B. 3(;th Ohio Infantry. 
 
 C. L. Root, Company K. 30th Ohio Infantry. 
 
 W. B. Dewey, Company B, 41st Ohio Infantry. 
 
 J. K. Welt, Company E. 52d Ohio Infantry. 
 
 Ben Hall. Company B, 02d Ohio Infantry. 
 
 Wm. Davis, Companv D, Slst Ohio Infantry. 
 
 C.L. Nelson. Company C, SI st Ohio Infantry. 
 
 J. F. Jnnkin. Company B, ISth Illinois Infantry. 
 
 Chas. :McCombs. Company F. !>Sth Ohio Infantry. 
 
 Aaron Millard. Company K. 3d Iowa Cavalry. 
 
 C. W, Montgomery, Com])any H. 5S(h Illinois Infantry. 
 
78 BISTORT OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Mike Moser, Company F, 2d Ohio Infantry. 
 
 A. J. Otley, Company A, 19th Iowa Infantry. 
 Wm. Porter, Company H, 2d Iowa Infantry. 
 Ben Bobbins, Company B, 3d Iowa Infantry. 
 S, J). Sarver, Company M, 3d Iowa Cavalry. 
 
 Noaih Schofield, Company E, 1st Iowa Colored Cavalry 
 
 B. Searcy, Company K, 2d Iowa Infantry. 
 
 J. N. Smith, Company E, Gist Illinois Infantry. 
 
 N. J. Smith, Company G, 57th Indiana Infantry. 
 
 J. G. Thayer, Company D, 15th Iowa Infantry. 
 
 J. B. Varner, Company A, 4th Iowa Infantry. 
 
 Joe Walden, Company B, 30th Iowa Infantry. 
 
 D. W. Williams, Company B, 3Gth Illinois Infantry. 
 
 J. M. Woodruff, Battery I, 2'd Connecticut Artillery. 
 
 T. N. Wright, Company K, 61st Illinois Infantry. 
 
 Francis May, Company'F, 40th Iowa Infantry. 
 
 Whaley Wilson, Company A, 40th Iowa Infantry. 
 
 Ezra Gurwell, Company — , 45th Iowa Infantry. 
 
 Ed Dougherty, Company A, 45th Iowa Infantry. 
 
 Eli McAlister, Company E, 4th Iowa Cavalry. 
 
 David Hansen, Company B, 5th, Iowa Cavalry. 
 
 Frank Perrin, Company A, 5th Iowa Cavalry. 
 
 Levi W. Billings, Company B, 7th Iowa Cavalry. 
 
 J. W. Nye, Company L, 7th Iowa Cavalry. 
 
 Isaac Judson, Battery I, 4th Iowa Artillery. 
 
 A, G, Young, Company K, 36th Ohio Infantry. 
 
 J. D. Ralston, Company I), 15th Iowa Infantry. 
 
 J. W. Neff, Company G, 17th Missouri Infantry. 
 
 Wm. Haycock, Company E, 15th United States Infantry. 
 
 I. N. Tyrrell, Company I, 2d Kansas Cavalry, 
 
 H. C. Beemer, Company B, 6th Kansas Cavalry. 
 
 W. T. Johnson, Company G, 19th Kansas Cavalry. 
 
 A. R. Barnes, Company C, 8th Wisconsin Infantry. 
 
 Wm. Remey, Company D, 35th W^isconsin Infantry. 
 
 Thos. Remey, Company — , — Wisconsin Infantry. 
 
 Paul C, Oehler, Company I, 1st Arkansas Infantry. 
 
 John Dilts, Company C, 12th Michigan Infantry. 
 
 Boise Piersol, Company B, 22d Michigan Infantry. 
 
 J. H. Miller, Company A, 3d Michigan Cavalry. 
 
 Henry Maneor, Company I, 15th Michigan Infantry. 
 
 M. J. Brown, Company I, 7th Michigan Cavalry. 
 
 D. W. Kenworthy, Company D, 1st Oregon Cavalry. 
 
 Wm. Nelson, Company K, 1st Colorado Cavalry. 
 
niSiTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 79 
 
 Wm. Jameson, Company — , 10th Tennessee Infantry. 
 J. B. Baskett, Company B, 4th Tennessee Cavalry. 
 G. L. Eaton, Company C, (ith New Hampshire Cavalry. 
 
 D. Allison, Company I), ^d Virj^nia ('aA'alry. 
 H. Rosseau, Company F, 1st Nevada Cavalry. 
 
 J. J. Budd, Company I, 22d Unitod f^tates Army. 
 Patrick Ferris, Heavy Artillery. 
 Matthew Speer, Signal Corps. 
 
 Wm. M. Glenny, surgeon. United States Volunteers. 
 R. C. Davis, Company 1), 10th Iowa Infantry. 
 John Harbison, Company A, 30th Iowa Infantry. 
 A. Grayson, Company B, 25th Illinois Infantry. 
 W. B. French, Company K, 112th Illinois Infantry. 
 W. Gragg, Company E, 2d Missouri Cavalry. 
 John Hoyt, Company C, 7th Iowa Infantry. 
 Jas. Howell, Company I, Tth Kentucky Infantry. 
 W. J. Johnson, Company C, IGtli Illinois Infantry. 
 J. M. Johnson, Company C, 10th Illinois Infantry. 
 
 E. B. Brown, Company D, 177th Ohio Infantry. 
 D. O. Clapp. Company K, 40th Iowa Infantiy. 
 Francis Clear, Company C, 7th Iowa Infantry. 
 Monroe Johnson, Company C, 1st Iowa Infantry. 
 Paris Howard, Company 1), 7th Iowa Infantry. 
 J. D. Clouse, Company H, 7th Iowa Infantry. 
 
 S. Beedle, Company I, 7th Iowa Infantry. 
 
 Ben Chedister, Company B, 7th Iowa Infantry. 
 
 Isom Adcox, Company I, 7th Iowa Infantry. 
 
 Sumner Smith, Company K, 7th Iowa Infantry. 
 
 W. S. Cousins, Company H, 7th Iowa Infantry. 
 
 Jas. Phipps, Company B, 0th Iowa Infantry. 
 
 J. J. Moody, Company B, 14th Iowa Infantry. 
 
 J. C. Robinson. Company K, 14th Iowa Infantry. 
 
 J. M. England, Company I. 14th Iowa Infantry. 
 
 O. J. Plymate, Company C, ISth Iowa Infantry. 
 
 S. A. Newell, Company C, l.'^th Iowa Infantry. 
 
 Frank Criddlebaugh, ComiKiny F, 23d Iowa Infantry. 
 
 Andy Riley, Company A, 20th Iowa Infantry. 
 
 Jacob Mater, Company B, 30th Iowa Infantry. 
 
 el. B. Snodgrass, Company T, 30th Iowa Infantry. 
 
 J. H. Hittle, Company D."32d Iowa Infantry. 
 
 G. L. Robb, Company E. 33d Iowa Infantry. 
 
 Sam'l Ream. Company C, 33d Iowa Infantry. 
 
 J. A. Crozier, Company H. 17th Iowa Infantr}-. 
 
80 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 Richard O'Oonnell, Battery I). 1st United States Artillery, 
 
 Ira G. Campbell, Company B, 8Hd Illinois Infantry. 
 
 Tom Ramej^, Company I, 20tli Wisconsin Infantry. 
 
 John Doner, Battery D, Ist Illinois Light Artillery. 
 
 Thos. Boyle, Battery — , 3d Iowa Artillery. 
 
 A. H. Leech, Company H, 94th Ohio Infantry. 
 
 J. Runj^an, Company F, 44th Ohio Infa.nti'y. 
 
 T. B. Shipley, Company B, 122d Ohio Infantiy. 
 
 David Nichol, Company G, 174th Ohio Infantry. 
 
 T. W. Campbell, Company A, 59th Ohio Infantry. 
 
 J. C. Smith, Company B, 170th Ohio Infantry. 
 
 L. A. Chamberlin, Company B, 41st Ohio Infantry, 
 
 H. H, Herringlon, Company B, 41st Ohio Infantry, 
 
 Geo, ShaJian, Company G, 3d Pennsylvania Infantry, 
 
 T, B, Hildebrand, Company B, 49tli Pennsylvania Infantry, 
 
 E, Granley, Company C, 79th Pennsylvania Infantry, 
 
 H, Q, Adam®, Company H. 140tli Pennsylvania Infantry, 
 
 Conrad De Ross, Company H, 150th Pennsylvania Infantry, 
 
 A. Burlingame, Company G, 108th Pennsylvania Infantry. 
 
 D. C. Miller, Oompainy M, 1st Cavalry. 
 Robt. C. Payne, Company B, 8th Cavalry. 
 Thos. F. Allison, Battery T, 5th Light Artilleiy. 
 A. D. Halsey, Company K, 3d New York Infantry. 
 W. H. Sanford, Company II, 24th New York Infantry. 
 Carl Moses, Company I, 24th New York Infantry. 
 W. T. George, Company A, 143d New York Infantry, 
 Fred Kurtz, Company I, 15th New York Infantry, 
 
 J. F. Randolph, Company F, 27th INIissouri Infantry. 
 
 E. Husted, Company D, 51. st Missouri Infantry. 
 M. Murphy, Company E. 12th Missouri Cavalry. 
 W. G. Greg-g, Company B, 2d Missouri Cavalry. 
 John W. Terry, Merrill's Horse. 
 
 Fred G. Wentry, Battery B, 1st INIissouri Artillery. 
 J. H. Brewer, Company A, Otli Missouri Cavalry. 
 
 The f^oldier Dead in Oal- Tkw Cemetery, Alhia, Iowa. 
 
 A complete list of deceased soldiers in Oak View Ceme- 
 tery, May 30, 1896, with date of death as far as known. 
 Wills, James H, Company E, (Jth Iowa Infantry, died May 
 
 14th 1802. 
 Kellogg, Solomon, Companv E, 0th Iowa Infantrv, Septem- 
 ber 15, 1862.- 
 
HISTORY OF MOXROE COUXTT, fOWA. 81 
 
 liVoiis, Jamos C, Company A, -SBth Iowa Tnfantrv, December 
 
 :i, 18G2. 
 Craip, David, Caini>a,nv ]\. ITtli Iowa Infantry. August 21, 
 
 181)3. 
 Smith, W. H., Company A, .^(itli Iowa Infant iv, August 31, 
 
 isr.3. 
 
 Webb, John W., Company K. 3t»th Infantry, September 6, 
 
 1863. 
 ^'a^ner, M. J.. Company A, 3(Jth Iowa Infantry, September 
 
 13, 1863. 
 
 Jennings, Daniel, May 28th, 1864. 
 
 McCahan, R. G., Company H. 2d Iowa Infantry, September 
 
 18, 1864. 
 Chamberlain. D., Company H, 2d Iowa Infantry. December 
 
 20, 1864. 
 ^Voodruf!'. John W., Company I, 7th Iowa Infantry, May 16, 
 
 1865. 
 ^^'ilson. I*. D.. Company C, 6th loAya Infantry, February 14, 
 
 1866. 
 Ornian, J. H., Company E, 6th Iowa Infantry, July 4, 1866. 
 i;al)b, A. H., Company H. 1st Iowa Cavalry. July l' 1866. 
 Hoals, S. T.. Company K. 36th Iowa Infantry. March 1, 1867. 
 lUichanan. G. W., Company I), 22d Iowa Infantry, March 
 
 3, 1867. 
 Parmenter, Asahil, Company G, 37th Iowa Infantry, Jan- 
 uary 3, 1868. 
 Waugh, Alex, Company F, 8th Iowa Cavalry, July 6, 1868. 
 Cousins, Moses, surgeon, 36tli Iowa Infantry, November 26, 
 
 1868. 
 Craig, J. W., Company H, 17th Iowa Infantry, October 22, 
 
 1870. 
 Shields, D. W., Company — , 85th Pennsylvania Infantry, 
 
 October 17, 1871. 
 Maxwell, W., Company A. 122d Ohio InfantiT, February, 
 
 1872. 
 Cwlner. J. W.. Company I. 8th Iowa Infantry. April 18. 1872. 
 Wilson. K. M., Company D, 22d Iowa Infantry. August 25. 
 
 1875. 
 Harding. B. F.. C:)nipa.iiv C. Stli Iowa Cavaliv. November 23. 
 
 1875. 
 Ritchie. A. J., surgeon. 2d Kansas Infantry. August 20, 187ti. 
 Norman. W. H.. Compiinv I). 22d Iowa Infantry. Decembei- 
 
 14, 1876. 
 
82 ' HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Hobson, Samuel, Company G, 11th Iowa Infantry, June 1, 
 
 1882. 
 Breese, Tim, Oompanj' A, 3Gth Iowa Infantry, November 12, 
 
 1882. 
 Tucker, T. A., Company (i, 46tli Iowa Infantrj^, 1882. 
 Smith, T. H., Company D, IGth Ohio Infantry, April 1, 1884. 
 Smith, T. J., Company E, (Jth Iowa Infantry, May 31, 1884. 
 McMichael, Wm., Company I, 8th loAva Infantry, February 
 
 7, 1886. 
 Sinclair, Hugh, Company D, 22d Iowa Infantry, July 15, 
 
 1887. 
 Phinney, Wm., Company D, 22d Iowa Infantry, March 10, 
 
 1888. " . 
 
 Lambert, W. S., surgeon, 0th Iowa Infantry, March 13, 1888. 
 Wood, J. H., Company — , 11th Indiana Infajitry, August 20, 
 
 1888. 
 Miller, Henry, Company G, 46th Iowa Infantry, February 
 
 19, 1890. 
 Collins, C, Com])any K, 8th, and F, 19th Indiana Infantry, 
 
 January 15, 1891. 
 James, Blucher, compan}', regiment, and date of death un- 
 known. 
 Darling, Cyrus, company, regiment, and date of death un- 
 known. 
 Cowger, Jacob, Company C, 4Gth Iowa Infantry, date of 
 
 death unknown. 
 Hilliard, Wm., Company H, 17th Iowa Infantry, date of 
 
 death unknown. 
 Hartzer, J., Company C, 8th Iowa Cayalry, date of death un- 
 known. 
 Jones, Dayid, Company E, 2d Iowa Infantry, date of death 
 
 unlvnown. 
 Waples, Wm., Company F, 17th Iowa Infantry, date of death 
 
 unknown. 
 Beaver, S. F., Company B, 58th Illinois Infantry, date of 
 
 death unknown. 
 Emerson, Benson, 9th Ohio Cavalry, died June 6, 1892. 
 Newton, Elisha, Company G, 25th Indiana Infantry, died 
 
 April 9, 1893. 
 Ferguson, James, Company E, 6th U. S. C. T., died December, 
 
 1892. 
 Welch, Wm., Company G, 37th Iowa Infantry, August 17, 
 
 1893. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 83 
 
 Ragley, E. R., Company B, 54th Illinois Infantry, June 20, 
 
 1898. 
 Brook, Gcoifje W., Company K, 17th Ohio Infantry, date of 
 
 death unknown. 
 Two United States soldiers, name, company, regiment, and 
 
 date of death unknown, 
 Saunders, Hejiry, captain, Company E, 6tli Iowa Volunteer 
 
 Infantry, July 10, 1894. 
 Cuberly, Felix, Company E, .'{d Iowa Volunteer Cavalry, 
 
 November 15, 1876. 
 Kellogg, Josiah, Company G, IGtli Iowa Volunteer Infantry, 
 
 September 14, 1895. 
 Svlvestei% L. S., Companv F, 8th Iowa Volunteer Cavalry, 
 
 April 1, 1896. 
 Powell, Cha-s., Mexican War, died November 15, 1872. 
 Teas, Joseph B., Black Hawk War, died Februarv, 1872. 
 Richardson, D. A., Black Hawk ^Var, died May 20, 1874. 
 Webb, John, War of 1812, December 5, 1875. 
 Kendall, Francis, Black Hawk War, July 12, 1878. 
 Lambert, Isaac, W^ar of 1812, died March 15, 1880. 
 Howard, John, Black Hawk ^Var, date of death, unknown. 
 Hatch, Martin, War of 1812, date of death unknown. 
 Rose, Benjamin, Mexican War, died May 20, 1890, 
 
 History of the First Iowa Cavalry. 
 
 Within the limited space assigned, it is of course impos- 
 sible to give anything near like a complete history of this 
 brave and intre])id cavalry regiment. To do so would re- 
 (piire a volume in itself. 
 
 In making this sketch, the writer has obtained his in- 
 formation from various sources — by personal inquiries, the 
 Adjutant-General's Records, and from a perusal of Chas. H. 
 Lotlnop's very elaborate and accurate ''History of the First 
 Iowa Cavalry." 
 
 When tlie First Iowa Cavalry was organized for the 
 United Stales service in ISCl, the lield and stafl" was com- 
 posed as follows: Fit/, Henry Warren, colonel; Chas. E. 
 Moss, lieutenant-colonel; E. E, Chamberlain and Jas. O. 
 Gower, majors; M, B. Cochran, su!'g(»on; D. B, Allen, assist- 
 ant-surgeon; Jas, Lalhain, chaplain; Dr. J. E. Stone, ad- 
 jutant; ^I. L. Alorris. (]uartermas(er. 
 
 Of the twelve companies coinj>osing the regiment, Com- 
 pany A was enrolled in Lee County and organized at Keokuk. 
 
84 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 with W. M. G. Torrence as captain. He was afterwards pro 
 moted to major; and was also piomoted to colonel of the 
 .'iOth Iowa Infantry. 
 
 Company B, the "Hawkeye Rangers," was also organized 
 in the spring of 1861, with W. E. Leflfingwell as captain. 
 Later he was succeeded by Sam'l F. Biirdett. This company 
 was enrolled chiefly from Clinton and Jackson counties. 
 
 Company C was enrolled from the counties of Des 
 Moines, Louisa, and Lee, with Levi Chase as captain. 
 
 Company D was enrolled from Warren and Madison 
 counties, and organized with P. Gr. Bryan as captain. 
 
 DANIEL, ANDERSON, Col. First Iowa Cavalry. 
 
 Company E was organized in Henry County, with Wil- 
 liam Thompson as captain. He afterwards commanded the 
 regiment. 
 
 Company F was enrolled chiefly in the counties of 
 W^ashington and Johnson, with Jas. O. Gower as captain. 
 He afterwards rose to major and then to colonel. 
 
 Company G, known as the "Hardin Rangers," was en- 
 rolled from the counties of Hardin, Dubuque, Black Hawk, 
 Jones, and Delaware, with Jas. D. Thompson as captain. 
 
 Company H was enrolled in the counties of Monroe and 
 Lucas, and organized at Albia. with Dan'l Anderson as cap- 
 tain, afterwards colonel of the regiment; Riley Wescoatt 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 85 
 
 as tii'st liontcnant, afterwards cai)tain; and Win. S. Whise- 
 naud as second lienlenaut, aftei-wards captain and major. 
 
 Company I went from Wapello and Keokuk counties, 
 with a few from Hancock County, 111. I. W. Caldwell was 
 elected captain and rose to the rank of major and lieutenant- 
 colonel. Dr. David C. Dinsmore was first lieutenant and W. 
 H. Kitterman second lieutenant; Dinsmore was promoted 
 to captain. 
 
 Company K, or "I^uion Riingers," was enrolled in Clay- 
 ton, Allamakee, and Winneshiek <ounties, with Robt. L. 
 Freeman as captain. 
 
 In pursuance of an order from the Governor, these com- 
 panies were directed to meet at Ottumwa, June 5, 1861, to 
 or<2:anize into a regiment. An organization was accordingly 
 completed and Fitz-Henry Warren was chosen colonel. 
 
 At this time no call had "been made to Iowa for cavalry, 
 and, indeed, but one regiment of cavalry had been called, and 
 that was the First Illinois Cavalry. It was mustered into the 
 United States service but a few days before. 
 
 liy an act of Congress approved in July of that year, the 
 number of companies constituting a cavalry regiment was 
 raised from ten to twelve. This added to the First Cavalry 
 Companies L and M. 
 
 The men of Company L were from Dubuque, Jackson, 
 and Jones counties. H. H. Heath was captain. 
 
 Company M was called ''The Black Plume Rangers," and 
 the men were mostly from Clinton County. It was organized 
 with W. H. Ankeny as captain. The Iowa Legislature ten- 
 dered this regiment to the Secretary of War as an indepen- 
 dent regiment. The men of the regiment owned their own 
 horses, and after Inning been mustered into the service at 
 lUirlington and taken a temporary position at Keokuk, Col. 
 Warren ottered his regiment to ^Major-General John C. Frtl- 
 mont, whose headquarters were at St. Louis. Fremont de- 
 clined to accept the regiment unless they would sell their 
 horses to the Government for ^110 a lu^^d for all that would 
 j)ass inspection. They were fine horses and were worth 
 much more at that time, liesides, tlu^ Government allowed 
 the owner (»f a horse f<)rt.\ cents a day for use and risk ot his 
 animal. An ai)peal was taken to the Secretary of War. and 
 a peremptory order was issued from the War Department 
 directing Fr«''Mnont to receive the regiment with their horses 
 and horse e(juij»ments, and to yiay the owners of the horses 
 forty cents pei- day for theii- use. 
 
86 HISTORY OF 3I0NR0E COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 The regiment was then assigned to Camp Benton, near 
 St. Louis, being conveyed thither on board boats. Six of the 
 companies were carried as far as Montrose on board the 
 Jennie Whipple, and from there the Hannihal City took them 
 to St. liOuis. The other four companies went down on the 
 next boat about forty-eight hours later, leaving Companies 
 L and M at Burlington, to await their equipments. They re- 
 mained until October 13th. 
 
 While the first section of the regiment was on its way 
 down the river, and while passing Alton, 111., a man on a 
 bluflf fired at the boat, but the ball fell short and imbedded 
 itself in a barge, among the horses. The shot was evidently 
 aimed at a group of troopers sitting around the pilot-house. 
 
 On October 18th, Companies A, B, F, and G, under com- 
 mand of Captain Leffingwell, were ordered to join Pope, and 
 embarked on Missouri Kiver steamers, which transported 
 them to Camp Price, near Jefferson City, and afterwards 
 joined Pope at Humans ville and became his body-guard. 
 
 On November 1st a forced march was made to Spring- 
 field to receive a threatened attack by General Price on the 
 od, but Price did not put in an appearance. He was hover- 
 ing around Springfield, but a few miles south of the town, 
 and Fremont's army was anxious to make a dash at his rebel 
 hordes. They were doomed to a bitter disappointment, how- 
 ever, for on November 2d General Hunter, arriving to re- 
 inforce Fr-^mont, was ordered to supersede the latter. Hun- 
 ter, in taking command, evacuated Springfield and fell back 
 to the Missouri Kiver. Tliis left the southern part of Mis- 
 souri to the mercy of Price's army. A short time later Gen- 
 eral Halleck succeeded Hunter. 
 
 A short time after the first battalion of the regiment 
 took the field, Companies C and H, under command of Cap- 
 tain Levi Chase, were ordered to Rockport, via Jetferson 
 City. Here they joined Prentice in his campaign in northern 
 Missouri, after which they returned to Jefferson City to 
 spend the winter. 
 
 About this time. Companies D and I were ordered out, 
 under command of Captain Caldwell, to join General Pope. 
 They joined the first battalion at Syracuse, a small town in 
 Morgan County. After a series of marches and skirmish- 
 ing now and then, the regiment finally got its real taste of 
 war at the battle of Blackwater, on the 19th of December, 
 ISGl. In this engagement the enemy surrendered uncondi- 
 
HISTOm OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. SI 
 
 tionally, after making a running light. In this fight Com- 
 panies A, D, F, and I, and small detachments of B and G, 
 were absent on scout duty, but 350 men of the First Cavalry, 
 under command of Torrence, and 75 men from the Foui-lh 
 United States Cavalry, together with a section of Missouri 
 Light Artillery, all under the command of Colonel Jefter- 
 son C. Davis, of Indiana, captured 11,900 of the enemy, in- 
 cluding olticers and men. 
 
 Early in 1S02 the First Iowa Cavalry was divided into 
 several small detachments, some doing cavalry guard duty, 
 others scouting, skirmishing now and then, and drilling 
 Avhenever not otherwise engaged. 
 
 On January 8, 1802, the First Battalion of the First Iowa 
 Cavalry, a portion of ilerrill's Horse, commanded by Major 
 Hunt, and a squadron of Ohio Cavalry, all under command 
 of MajoK Torrence, of the First Iowa Cavalry, were ordered 
 by General Pope to attack some rebel camps in the vicinity 
 of Silver Creek, in Randolph County, Missouri. The rebel 
 force consisted of about 800 men, under command of Uie 
 noted Poindexter. The army lied after a short encounter, 
 leaving about GO of their number killed; 100 wounded, and 
 all their equipage and 200 horses to the Union forces. The 
 latter lost 5 killed and about 20 wounded. The Union force 
 engaged in the battle of Silver Creek was 520 men. 
 
 Through January and February the regiment was oc- 
 cupied almost dail}' throughout northern Missouri, partici- 
 pating in innumberable skirmishes with the enemy. Now 
 and then a fugitive slave took refuge within their lines. 
 
 In November the First and Third Battalions of the regi- 
 ment, commanded by Gower, joined General Blunt's com- 
 mand in an attack on the rebel general Hindman. The battle 
 of Prairie Grove was fought, and in that memorable battle 
 the First Iowa Cavalry supported one of Blunt's batteries. 
 Blunt, with 5,000 men. joined Herron, and together they 
 crushed an enemy of 25,000 men, which was the means of 
 reopening Missouri to the Union causi*. 
 
 At tlie end of 1802 the regiment had to send for 275 re- 
 cruits to till up' its depleted ranks. 
 
 On April 21, 18(»:5, a detachment of 500 of liu' regiment, 
 and 250 of the 8th Missouri Cavalry, all commanded by 
 Major Caldwell, of the First Iowa, joined Vandever in an 
 attack on General Marmaduke in southwestern Missouri. 
 
 On the morning of Mav 1st the command attacked the 
 
88 HISTORY OF MOMROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 rear of the enemy at a place about 40 miles from Chalk 
 Bluffs, and, after a running fight which lasted all day, the 
 enemy was finally driven out of the State. 
 
 In June the regiment, in command of Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Anderson, took up a march to join (leneral Davidson at 
 Pilot Knob, in his contenifdated move against Little Rock. 
 It was a tedious march of nearly two hundred miles, mostly 
 through the swamps of the White and St. Francis rivers, 
 which were infested with guerrillas. 
 
 On the 9th the command reached White River, near 
 Clarendon, The regiment participated in almost continuous 
 operations. They had a fight with the enemy at Montevallo, 
 Mo. ; another at Lot's Peach Fai-m ; and another at Big Cliffs, 
 At this latter place Judge Dashiell, of Monroe County, then 
 a quartermaster of the Second Battalion of the First Iowa 
 Cavalry, was dangerously wounded in the lungs, ^ Several 
 companies of the regiment next participated in a'skirmish 
 at Clear Creek, St. Clair County, Mo. 
 
 In the autumn of '62 Colonel Warren was promoted to 
 the rank of brigadier-general, and the command of the regi- 
 ment fell on Captain Jas. O. Gower. 
 
 On September 20, 1862, the regiment took up a line of 
 march for Springfield, the city having been threatened by 
 the enemy. It arrived on the 27th. 
 
 In October the regiment, with brigade and division, 
 marched southward to join Blunt and Brown in a contem- 
 plated attack on the enemy of 1.3,000 under Cooper, near 
 Newtonia. The enemy retreated on their arrival. 
 
 On the 16th of November the regiment was transferred 
 to General Herron's division. 
 
 It is impossible to follow minutely the operations of the 
 regiment while under General Herron, as space is limited, 
 but we find that they were a fire-brand to the guerrilla hordes 
 of Missouri, and usually fought greatly superior numbers, 
 and nearly always got the better of them. 
 
 On August 18, 1863, the regiment, with the brigade and 
 division, crossed the White River, and on the 25th it was 
 skirmishing with Marmaduke's cavalry, driving it to its 
 stronghold at Bayou Metoe. 
 
 The charge at ]>ayou Metoe was led by Colonel Dan. 
 Anderson, commanding the First Iowa Cavalry. It was 
 made to save the only bridge across the stream, and the regi- 
 ment was galled terribly by the rebel batteries and infantry 
 
HISTORY OF MO^UiOE COUNTY, IOWA. S9 
 
 on oithei- side of the stream. The eneinv, Hiuliiijj; they eould 
 not liohl Ihe bridfje. set tire to it and it hnrned. Tn this de 
 terniined charjie Colonel Anderson had his horse shot from 
 under him, and the reitiment lost s('\('ral killcMl and ."U". 
 \\ onnded. 
 
 The reuiment i»r<»ved of eltiiient service to Steele in the 
 eaptnre of Little Kock. 
 
 During the campaiirn Lieutenant Sam'l T. Craig was de 
 laehed on statl' duty with (lenei-al Davidson. 
 
 Following is a rejtort of his. eoncerning movements in 
 the vicinity of Helena: 
 
 "Devall's Bin 11". August 2i\, 1S«;:',. 
 "nr'ujadU'r-aoicral J. W. Daridson: 
 
 "Dear Sir, — In compliance with your special order, I 
 took charge of the steamboat Profiress at Clarendon, Arkan- 
 sas, and proceeded down White River and theuee up the 
 Mississi]>pi, arriving at Helena, Arkansas, at midnight on 
 the 17th inst. 
 
 "I delivered your dispatch to the Adjutant -General at 
 l)ost, to be forwarded to General Steele in the morning, he 
 having moved his forces for Clarendon. Arkansas, the 
 15th inst. 
 
 "We took coal and proceeded to Memphis, Tenn., arriv- 
 ing there on the 18th inst, at ten o'clock, and delivered your 
 letter and presented requisitions for ammunition to Lieuten- 
 ant-Colonel Uenmore, assistant adjutant-general Sixteenth 
 Army Corps, District of Memphis; the steamer Fro(/res,s 
 being much damaged, caused by its running into the river 
 banks and breaking its w heel. 
 
 •'The stream, AVhite Kiver, is so crooked and narrow, and 
 the captain and i)ilot either had determined to sink the boat 
 or were so frightened that they caused the boat to run at 
 such a rate of speed that she could not make the bends of the 
 river at many places without striking the bow and then 
 whirling round; and being a stern-wheel boat, she was much 
 damage<l. ('ai»tain Swe^'t i-equired to the I'Oth instant to re- 
 pair her. 
 
 "Having ascertain<'d from the Ordnance Department 
 at Helena and Memphis that Lieutenant Hubbard di<l not 
 procure ammunition for the batteries on account of the in 
 formalities in the requisition, I reporteil to General Hurl 
 bert and informed him of the necessity of your getting the 
 ammunition, and he ordered the Oidnanee Department at 
 
90 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Memphis to issue ammimitiQn upon my requisition for bat- 
 teries and small arms required by the division, 
 
 "The steamer being repaired and landed, we proceeded 
 down the Mississippi at 3 o'clock p. m., on the 20th inst., 
 arrived at Helena on the 21st., at 6 o'clock a, m. Quarter- 
 master Noble, of the post, took charge of the steamer and 
 loaded her with convalescent soldiers of the Twenty-seventh 
 \Visconsin Infantry Volunteers and commissary stores. 
 
 "We proceeded from Helena on the 22d inst. at 6 o'clock 
 a. m., arrived at the mouth of White River at 3 o'clock p. m., 
 and were ordered by the Admiral in charge of the gun-boats 
 and convoys to assist the steamer Sallie List in towing two 
 barges of hay up White Rivei', but refused to furnish us with 
 a convoy. 
 
 "We proceeded up White River, and our cargoes being 
 wide, and the river narrow, and the night very dark, we at- 
 tempted to anchor, but our anchors being insufficient to hold 
 our cargoes (the hay barges being placed between the 
 steamers, the front barge extending about half its length in 
 front), with some difficulty we steamed up the river until we 
 arrived at a point where the banks of the stream were low 
 and marsh}'. We tied up at the cut-off about tw^o miles be- 
 low St. Charles Landing on the night of the 23d instant, and 
 by placing lumber on the shore, we were able to put out a 
 picket guard; but were not molested during the night, for 
 it was impossible for our enemy to approach us on account 
 of the marshy ground. 
 
 "At daylight we proceeded, and while passing Crock- 
 ett's Landing, about 7 o'clock a. m., the enemy fired into our 
 boats several volleys with small arms from the north bank of 
 the river,, and wounded six men on the steamer Progress. 
 
 "The lieutenants in command of the convalescent 
 soldiers not showing any disposition to command, notwith- 
 standing they outranked me, I took command, and, with the 
 assistance of my ordnance sergeant, rallied the convales- 
 cent, and forming protection for the men, b}' placing boxes 
 of hard-tack around the outer railing of the boat, and placing 
 their knapsacks on the same, they were caused to kneel down 
 and fire upon the enemy without waiting further orders. 
 There being two surgeons on the Sallie List, the wounded 
 were taken below, and are doing well and properly cared for. 
 
 "Having one section of the Fifth Ohio Battery on board 
 I placed the gun on front of the barge of hay, which extended 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 91 
 
 iu front of the boats about half its leiii^th, and the sergeant 
 in charge of the gun was able to shell the timber in which 
 the enemy were concealed. This had the desired effect and 
 dispersed them. 
 
 "I had placed guards over the pilots, from the fact that 
 the one piloting the Progress had threatened to turn our 
 cargo over to the enemy before we returned. But it so hap- 
 pened that when we were fired upon. Captain Sweet was at 
 the wheel and stood unflinchingly at his post, notwithstand- 
 ing that his pilot-house was pierced by the enemy's bullets, 
 showing the dangerous position he occupied. 
 
 "The pilot-house of the steamer Sallie List was well pro- 
 tected with sheet-iron, but the ])ilot deserted his post, and 
 the mate of the same had suffered or allowed the boat to be 
 cut partially loose from our own, so that she was dragging 
 us ashore — evidently planned so that the enemy could board 
 our boats. But with the assistance of my ordnance sergeant, 
 w ith revolvers in hand, we went on board of her and 
 demanded that the mate malve her fast to our boat, which 
 he did immediately, and, with the untiring energy and 
 efficiency of Captain Sweet, we steamed up the river; and, 
 under my directions, the sergeant in charge of the piece of 
 artillery shelled the banks of the river on the south all the 
 way up to Clarendon wherever the banks were sufficiently 
 high for the enemy to approach the river. A squad of col- 
 ored people at one place approached and made signs for us 
 to land, but I did not think it prudent. 
 
 ''Our loss was six wounded — three severely and three 
 slightly; one was Brown, clerk of the sutler of Merrill's 
 Horse; the other five were of the Twenty-seventh Wisconsin 
 Infantry. We arrived at Clarendon, Ark., on the 24th inst., 
 and were ordered by the conmiander of the post to wait for 
 convoy. 
 
 "We proceeded from Clarendon with convoy on the 25th, 
 and arrived at this place at 7 o'clock p. m. on the 2r)th. and at 
 once commenced loading on wagon-tr.ain all the ordnance, 
 for the purpose of transporting the same to your command 
 at Brownsville, Ark. 
 
 "Hoping that the above and foregoing report will be 
 sufficient for my seeming delay. I have the honor to be. 
 General, Your obedient servant, 
 
 (Signed) "l^am'l T. Craig, 
 "2d Lt. Co. n, 1st Iowa Cav. Div., 
 "Department of the Missouri." 
 
92 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 On October 1, 1863, Colonel Anderson, by order of Gen- 
 eral Davidson, was placed in command of the Second Cav- 
 ah'}^ Brigade, Major Caldwell being in command of the regi- 
 ment, and on the IStli of the same month it went into camp 
 for the winter a couple of miles further down the river. 
 
 In 18G4 the First Cavalry waived its right to a furlough, 
 and joined with General Steele in the Camden expedition, 
 which was really' to cooperate with Banks in the Red River 
 expedition. A part of the regiment, having lost their horses, 
 marched as a dismounted battalion of infantry. Captain A. 
 U. McCormack, of Monroe County, commanding one of the 
 companies. 
 
 On the 2.3d, Colonel Daniel Anderson having been placed 
 in command of the post at Little Rock by order of General 
 Steele, the command, numbering about 7,000, went on a 
 skirmishing expedition to the south of Little Rock. They 
 encountered the enemy almost daily. Their first encounter 
 was at Benton; then, on March 9th, at Arkadelphia: April 
 2d, at Spoon ville; April 3d, near the town of Antoine; the 
 3d and 4th, at Elkins' Ford; the 10th and 12th, at Prairie de 
 Anne; the 14th, at White Oak Creek; the 15th, at Camden 
 Cross-roads and the capture of Camden; the 25th, at Mono 
 Creek; the 30th, at Jenkins' Ferry. 
 
 After the Camden campaign, the veterans crossed the 
 Arkansas River on their homeward march for a furlough, 
 arriving at St. Louis on May 9, 1864. From St. Louis the vet- 
 erans came on to Burlington on the 16th, and departed for 
 their homes on a furlough. 
 
 On the 23d their furlough expired, and thej^ returned to 
 St. Louis on the 25th. At this time Coloned Anderson re- 
 signed, and Major Wm. Thompson was promoted colonel of 
 the regiment. 
 
 Soon after their arrival, the veterans were mounted on 
 horses and ordered to northern Missouri, where they per- 
 formed considerable scout and skirmish duty until October, 
 when they were ordered to JelTerson City to oppose the en- 
 trance of Price into Missouri. 
 
 For a time the regiment encountered frequent collisions 
 with guerrillas and border ruffian hordes, and in a lai'ge 
 measure checked the operations of these lawless bands. 
 
 On September 27th Bill Anderson captured Centralia 
 and also the express train from St. Louis. After robbing the 
 express, baggage, and ])assengers of .f.')0,000, he found a 
 
nif^TORY OF }rO\ROE COrXTY, IOWA. 03 
 
 squad of the First Cavalry boys on the train. TImto were 
 '2'A of thoni, and they were scjiaialcd from the passtiificrs. 
 ai ranp;ed in a line, and sliot. 
 
 On the 27tli Major -Fohnson. (;)niniandin<; detachiHcnts 
 (if Missouri Militia, in all 147 men. f(»ll<)\ved the ti-ail of the 
 jjueiiillas to Tentralia .and attacked the combined forces of 
 Bill Anderson and those of the Todds, I'aols, and Tlirailkill. 
 
 Johnson did not know their exact numbers, and rashly 
 attacked them against tlie advice of loyal citizens of the 
 town. Johnson and his men were nearly all killed, except 
 Lieutenants Jaynes. (lill. and Moore, and IMI of the men. The 
 jjuerrillas lost but 3, and 10 wounded. Johnson was scalped 
 find many of his men were mutilated in various ways. Frank 
 James, the noted outlaw, was one of Anderson's men. 
 
 When General Price, at the head of 25.000 rebels, com- 
 j)Osed of tjuerrillas and soldiers of the rebel army, occupiinl 
 a i)ositiou in the vicinity of Jefferson City, in his memorable 
 raid into Missouri, the First Iowa Cavalry and the Thirty- 
 ninth Missouri Infantry were ordered to tliat jilace to combat 
 his forces. They participated in almost daily bruslies with 
 the enemy on their march to unite with the other Federal 
 forces. With Rosecrans' and Pleasantson's forces, the re<j:i- 
 ment harassed Price's army from place to i)lace until about 
 the 2.")th of the month, when it was totally defeated and de- 
 moralized. ;^farmaduke. Crawford, Cabill, and other noted 
 rebel leaders were cai»tured. 
 
 After the defeat of IMice's army, the I'nion forces rc^- 
 traced their course into ]Missouri, and part of the rep;iment 
 returned to Jeffei'son City and participated in the election of 
 Lincoln; a ]iart of the rejrinient accomjianied Kosecrans, as 
 train-^uard. to St. Louis; ami the remainder went to JetTer- 
 son City, l)ut was also transferred to St. Louis by slc^amer on 
 the intli and KJth of Vovembcr. 
 
 The ren^iment remained in St. Louis until the KJih of 
 December, when it ajiain went out for activi' service. It re- 
 visited the rejjion of the White and St. Francis rivers, the 
 scene of its first contlicts. and fiom thence went to Little 
 Kock. 
 
 On the 1 1th of. January. lS(;.~t, .Major .leuks. with a force 
 consistinfr partly of a detachment of the First Cavalry, was 
 ordered to attack Cieiieral Cooper with a force of l.(>00 men 
 up the Arkansas Kiver. They went by lioats. and killed and 
 wounded 90 of tlie cnenn. 
 
94 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 On the 22d an expedition under General Carr, consist- 
 ing of the First Iowa, First and Third Missouri, and Tenth 
 Illinois Cavalry, Twenty-ninth Iowa Infantry, and the 
 Twenty-fifth Ohio Battery, was sent below Camden to at- 
 tack the rebel general Green. Colonel Wm. Thompson com- 
 manded the Second Cavalry Brigade, and Major John 
 McDermott commanded the regiment; Lieutenant Sam'l T. 
 Craig, of the First Cavalry, also acted as brigade quarter- 
 master. 
 
 On their march they passed Mark's Mills, and passed 
 through the battle-field where General (now Governor) 
 Drake, with the Thirty-sixth Iowa Infantry, had a desperate 
 encounter with a superior force, and was defeated on account 
 of the overwhelming number of the enem3^ The bodies of 
 the dead soldiers had been placed in shallow graves, and the 
 hogs and other animals had dug many of them from their 
 resting-places, exposing their skulls and bones to view. 
 
 After engaging in several skirmishes with the enemy, 
 the regiment, on February 1, 1SG5, was detached from the 
 brigade and ordered to Memphis. 
 
 While stationed at Memphis the following named officers 
 of the regiment were assigned to special duty: Captain R. 
 M. Reynolds, acting assistant inspector-general ; Lieutenant 
 Sam'l T. Craig, acting assistant adjutant-general. 
 
 The next move was an expedition into Mississippi, in 
 which the command had frequent skirmishes with the 
 enemy, but sustained no serious loss. 
 
 The regiment returned to Memphis on March 11th, and 
 then, in company with other regiments, went on a tour into 
 Tennessee. 
 
 At about this time Richmond had fallen, and the First 
 Iowa Cavalry, the Fifth and Twelfth Illinois, Second Wis- 
 consin, and Seventh Indiana Cavalry regiments were ordered 
 to Texas on June 15th. They were transferred by boat, and 
 arrived at Natchez on the 25th. 
 
 At Alexandria, General Custer took command of the 
 troops, and here began a series of abuses and ill treatment 
 on the part of Custer, towards the regiment, which is a last- 
 ing blemish to the character of the long-haired hero, who in 
 after years met a terrible fate in the Little Big-horn 
 massacre. 
 
 The First Iowa had been recommended to him as the 
 next best in efficiency of any regiment in the United States 
 
HISTORY OF MOyROE rOFNTY. IOWA. 05 
 
 service, the first being one in the rrjiulnr Tnited States 
 service. 
 
 Yet, notwithstaudinfi llie special recommendation of 
 (lenerals Herrou. Schoiield, lihint, Kosecrans, Davidson. 
 Steele, Carr, and others, besides that of the Military 
 llureau at Washinfjton, General (duster seems, for some 
 stranjie reason, to havt^ visiled on this rey,iment all th<' 
 indipiitie« and abuses of which the most insolent martinet 
 oould cooiceive. About this time Custer issued an order 
 against foraging, imposing severe penalties against any 
 caught confiscating cattle belonging to the inhabitants of 
 the country. Private Clure, of the First Iowa, was accused 
 of knowing who killed two beeves that bad been killed 
 by a foraging party and l)rought in from the counti'v\ He 
 did not know who killed them, yet his head was shaved and 
 he was given twenty-five lashes on suspicion that he did 
 know. The indignation of the regiment was so great that 
 Surgeon Clias. H. Lothrop, of the regiment, states, in his 
 history of the regiment, that good Colonel McQueen, a strict 
 Presbyterian, swore like a trooper, threatening that "if 
 Custer again attempts to lay violent hands on a First Iowa 
 soldier, I will here say his hide will not hold corn, by God!" 
 
 Governor Stone laid the case before the Iowa Legis- 
 lature, and a rousing resolution was passed, denouncing 
 the outrage on the part of Custer. The matter finally went 
 to Major-General Sheridan, who ordered the insult rectified. 
 Custer, in vindication of the act, accused the entire com- 
 mand of infamy and insubordination. 
 
 The war was now over, and while tlie command re- 
 mained at Hempstead, the time was mostly taken up in 
 liorse-racing. Custer was fond of the sport, and had a 
 horse which he called Jack Rucker, on which he and his 
 friends l>et a gr^^at deal of money; but one day the boys 
 brought into camp a strange nag, which outran that of the 
 general, and the result was that he was out considerable 
 money. 
 
 On Xovember 10th General Custer sent Assistant 
 Quartermaster Sani'l T. Craig to Galveston to ]>rocure sup 
 jdie^ for the trooj)S. 
 
 From Hempstead the command was transferred to 
 Austin, where the troops remaineil until January 24, 1800, 
 when, by a general order, the First Iowa. Third Michigiiu. 
 and Seventh Indiana regiments were mustered out of the 
 service. 
 
96 HTf?TORY OF MOXROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 All the troops entertained a wholesome hatred towards 
 Custer. His acts of insolence were doubtless rendered 
 more unbearable from the fact that his command felt that 
 the war was over, a.nd that there was no further necessity 
 for their presence in Texas. Custer complained that he 
 could not induce them to wear pants, but Lieutenant-Colonel 
 A. G. McQueen, of the First Iowa, says that in many in- 
 stances they had none to wear; some had to go shirtless, 
 and others barefooted. 
 
 Previous to the mustering out of the regiments, General 
 Custer and his staff had been mustered out of the service by 
 order of the War Department, and Brigadier-General S. D. 
 Sturgis assumed command, and Colonel and Brevet Briga- 
 dier-General Wm. Thompson was placed in command of 
 the First Brigade. 
 
 History of the Sixth Iowa Infantry. 
 
 In July, 1861, the Sixth Iowa was mustered into the 
 United States service at Burlington, with John A. McDowell 
 as colonel; ]\[arcoe Cummings, of Muscatine, lieutenant- 
 colonel; John M. Corse, of Burlington, major. 
 
 Company A, Captain H. W. Gray, was enrolled from 
 Linn County; Company B, Captain Daniel Iseminger, was 
 enrolled from Lucas and Clarke counties; Company C, 
 Captain D. M. Stump, was enrolled from Hardin County; 
 Company D, Captain M. M. \^'^alden, was enrolled from 
 Appanoose County; Company E, Captain Henry Saunders, 
 was enrolled from Monroe County; Company F, Captain S. 
 P. Glenn, was enrolled from Clarke County; Company G, 
 Captain John Williams, was enrolled from Jolmson County; 
 Company H, Captain W. Gallaud, was enrolled from Lee 
 County; Company I, Captain F. Brydolf, was enrolled from 
 Des Moines County; Company K, Captain W. Denison, was 
 esurolled from Henry County. 
 
 To most of the boys of the Sixth, that Sunday morning 
 of April 7, 1862, when the rebels assaulted General Grant's 
 center at Shiloh, may now seem like a dream. It was their 
 first real taste of w^ar. Many of the boys of the regiment 
 had never seen a battle, nor heard the roar of artillery until 
 the preceding day. Tlie regiment had been mustered into 
 the service at Burlington, and on August 3d had been 
 ordered to Keokuk, and after participating in a movement 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, fOWA. 07 
 
 to repel a tlu'eajtened attack of rebels on Athens, Mo., on 
 August 5th, the regiment was hurried oil" to St. Louis, 
 August 9, ISGl, for the seat of conflict 
 
 On the 10th of September, 18G1, the regiment was 
 ordered to Jefferson City, and on the Tdi of October it was 
 merged into Frc^mont's army at Tipton, Mo., where the army 
 of 30,000 was reviewed by the Secretary of War and 
 Adjutant-General Thomas, on the 13th of the same month. 
 
 The Sixth Iowa was among the troops that made a 
 forced march to Springfield, a distance of seventy-five miles, 
 in two days, on short rations. When they arrived November 
 3d, Fremont was relieved by Hunter, and on the Otli tlie 
 regiment was ordered back. 
 
 It remained at Sedalia until December 9th, when it 
 marched toLamine Bridge; and on January 22, 1862, it was 
 stationed at Tipton to perform guard duty. Colonel ^Ic- 
 Dowell, who was mustered into the service as colonel of this 
 regiment, was at tJiis time absent on leave, and Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Curamings took command of the regiment. Major 
 Corse wa.s also absent, being detached on the sttaff of 
 <Jenei-al Pope as adjutant-general. 
 
 The Sixth was ordered to Pittsburg Landing on March 
 9th. On April 6th the regiment was assigned a position 
 near Owl Creek in the vicinity of Shiloh Church. 
 
 For a detailed statement of the part taken by the Sixth 
 Infantry we are indebted to IT. Hickenlooper. a member of 
 C<im])any E of the regiment, who kindly supplies us with the 
 following: 
 
 ''On the morning of April 6, 1862, the First Bngade 
 of the Fifth Division of (rrant's army was encamped with 
 its right resting on Owl Creek, and its left out towards 
 Shiloh Church. Colonel McDowell, of the Sixth Iowa. 
 commanded the brigade, and Lieutenant Colonel Cummiuijs 
 (vommande<l the Sixth Towa Kegiment; this regiment was the 
 extreme right regiment of the bri<fade and of th«' whole of 
 Ci'ant's army at that ]dace. The rebel column <1id n<)t 
 attack this brigade in its ])Osition, but moved to the left 
 and made their attack on the line on the left of this brigade. 
 
 "About this time Colonel ^fcDowell discovered, or 
 thought he discoverer!, that Cummings was intoxicated, and 
 ordered him under arrest: and the command of the regiment 
 then devolved upon Iseminjjer, of Company l1, he being the 
 ranking captain. Soon the regiment, with the brigade. 
 
98 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 was ordered to the left, and the regiment took a position 
 about a half-mile to the left, or east of the first position, 
 and there fought a short time, and several were killed and 
 wounded at this place, 
 
 "Meantime the rebels had driven our line back on the 
 left, or east of us, and the brigade was marched to the rear 
 and left about a mile, and joined onto McClernand's right. 
 Here the brigade charged the rebel line and drove it back 
 about a quarter of a mile, and held this position about three 
 hours, during the most desperate fighting of that whole day. 
 
 "Here Captain Tseminger was killed, and the oom- 
 mand of the regiment by rank should have devolved on 
 Captain Walden, but Colonel McDowell ordered Captain 
 Williams, of Company G, to take command of the regiment. 
 He, too, was soon badly wounded and unable to command, 
 and Captain Walden, being offended, would not assume com- 
 •mand, and for a long period during the battle the regiment 
 had no commander. 
 
 "Lieutenant-Colonel Cummings, who was under arrest, 
 got a gun and fell into the ranks of Company E, Captain 
 Saunders' company, and fought 'like a Turk.' 
 
 "The regiment held this position until about 8 o'clock 
 p. m., and the rebels were fighting in front, to' the right, and 
 to the right rear; when General Sherman came galloping 
 up to our rear and told us, 'For God's sake, get out of here, 
 or you will all be captured!' The regiment, as well as all 
 other regiments in that line, moved to the rear with great 
 alacrity, without any regard for military tactics — in fact, 
 we 'skedaddled' for about a mile, when the regiment rallied 
 and re-formed under command of Captain Saunders, who 
 was next in rank to Captain Walden. The whole line was 
 slowly moved back towards the Tennessee River. Regi- 
 ments, brigades, and divisions were badly mixed up. 
 
 "The Sixth Iowa took a position in the line about three 
 regiments to the left of a battery of heavy guns — four 82- 
 pound siege-guns and two 32-pound howitzers. There was 
 no support for the battery. Meantime Captain Walden had 
 assumed command of the regiment, and presently we saw 
 old Colonel Webster, chief of artillery, riding down the 
 line on a white horse and making an effort to get a regiment 
 to support the battery. The first two regiments nearest the 
 battery refused to move, and he came on down the line 
 to the Sixth Iowa and asked Captain Walden to move his 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 99 
 
 reg'inu'nt up to the batten', with which request tlie captain 
 complied, and the regiment was placed in position in the 
 rear of the battery, and just in time to meet a charge of 
 the rebels. Never was a battery worked better than that 
 one until the rebel line was almost to the guns; when the 
 gunners shouldered their swabs and fell back to the rear. 
 
 **It was now after sundown, and the artillery kept up 
 a continuous fire, and the gun-boats, Tyler and Lexington, 
 in the river, about half a mile from the mouth of the ravine 
 over which tiie rebels had to cros'S, kept up a furious cross- 
 tire. At length, when it was almost dark, too dark to see 
 farther than a few rods in our front, the rebel masses came 
 on again, and with a rush, almost to the guns, when again 
 the regiment charged past the guns and met them with 
 another voile}', and then continued to fire as fast as tlie 
 men could load and shoot, until there was nothing in our 
 front to be seen or heard, except the groans and cries of 
 the wounded rebels. 
 
 ''The regiment again retired to the rear of tlie battery 
 aiul remained there the balance of the niglit, but the 
 batteries all along thr line and the gun-boats' in the river 
 kept up an occasional tiring all night. 
 
 ''Some time after the musketry tire had all ceased along 
 the line, an officer came down the line and told us General 
 Buell had arrived on the op])osite side of the river. Soon 
 General Buell himself and statf came riding along in rear 
 of our line. Three cheers were proposed for him and the 
 stars and strij)es, whicli were given with all the vim left in 
 our throjits, but it was rather sorrowful clieering. 
 
 "Soon Nelson's division cxime marching past our front, 
 regiment after regiment, with their bands playing, and 
 appearing fresh and vigorous, and all the night througli 
 regiments and batteries kept passing along, taking positions 
 in our front. We remained at the battery that we liad 
 supported. Tn the fore part of the night there came up a 
 storm of great fury, which continued all night. 
 
 "Before daylight Buell's men and Lew Wallace's men, 
 who had come up in the night, commenced to move out in 
 front; at about daylight, and about a mile in front of our 
 line, the fighting commenced, and the firing was by volleys 
 and ran all along the line for two or three miles away to 
 the southea.st. south, and southwest, and continued without 
 intermission for several hours. 
 
100 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 "General Sherman ordered the Sixth to remain in its 
 position; at the battery umtil nearly noon, when he came 
 along and ordered it to follow General Oglesby, but soon 
 Colonel Garfield came and took command, and Oglesby left 
 for some other part of the field. Soon the regiment passed 
 the line of battle. The rebels had fallen back. The regi- 
 ment passed the church and on, into a field growing in 
 bushes and small timber, when suddenly it ran into a rebel 
 battery concealed in the bushes. The battery shelled the 
 regiment briskly for a short time, when it limbered up and 
 fled to the rear. 
 
 "Thus ended the part taken by the Sixth Iowa Infantry 
 at the battle of Shiloh. 
 
 "Lieutenant-Colonel Cummings was court-martialed 
 and dismissed from the regiment, but he afterwards went 
 to New York, where he became colonel of a New York 
 regiment, and greatly distinguished himself iin some of the 
 battles about Richmond." 
 
 After the siege of Corinth the Sixth Iowa went west 
 along the line of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad, 
 repairing track and bridges which the rebels had destroyed 
 after having evacuated Corinth. On or about July 4, 1863, 
 the regiment moved against Price at Holly Springs, and 
 drove the rebels from their position. 
 
 Then, on the 17th of July, they arrived at Memphis 
 and remained for three months doing provost guard duty. 
 Then in October the division, including the Sixth Iowa, 
 went on an expedition into Mississippi and returned in a 
 week, to find that a battle had been fought at Corinth. 
 
 Then shortly after, in November, Grant's army started 
 for Vicksburg in his attack on the rear. The Sixth was 
 included in General J. W. Denver's division of Sherman's 
 corps and accompanied Grant's army. On the march to 
 Vicksburg Sherman returned with a portion of his corps to 
 Memphis, and General Denver's division continued with 
 Grant. General Van Dorn came in the rear and destroyed 
 the entire army supplies at Holly Springs ; forcing the Union 
 army back to the Memphis and Charleston Railroad. 
 
 The Sixth Infantry in January, 18G8. was stationed ait 
 A^arious points along the railroad, mounted on mules, which 
 the soldiers had captured. During its stay near Grand 
 Junction, the Sixth made frequent raids into Mississippi. 
 
 Early in June the regiment arrived in the vicinity of 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. IQl 
 
 Vicksbiii'g and was placed in General Park's command of 
 the IsMnth Army Corps, doing outpost duty. 
 
 On the surrender of Vicksburg, July 14th, the regiment 
 was marched back to Black Kiver to drive back Johnson's 
 anny, and on the Cth, wliile hemmed in, in a bend of the 
 river, had a severe brush with thie enemy, but succeeded: in 
 driving it back, and in crossing the river. 
 
 The regiment arrived at Jackson on the 10th, and from 
 the 10th to 10th participated in almost constant skirmishes 
 with the enemy. On the 10th the fighting was so severe 
 tliat on the following morning tlie rebels had entirely 
 abajidoned the city, after having burned their supplies. 
 
 After the battle of Chickamanga, the regiment, together 
 >N ith the entire Fifteenth Army Corps, was loaded in boats 
 and taken to Memphis, Tenn,, and then set out on a 400-mile 
 march through Tennessee to Missionary Ridge, and partici- 
 pated in tliat battle. After the battle, the regiment was 
 sent up to Knoxville, Tenn., to relieve Burnside, and 
 returning a short time later, went into whiter quarters at 
 Scottsborough, Ala., and on April 1, 18G4, started home on 
 a thirty-days furlough. 
 
 The regiment returned to the front, and marched with 
 Sherman to Atlanta and look part in all the engagements 
 before that city. The corps (the Fifteenth) was under 
 command of General Logan. 
 
 Mission Ridge. 
 
 The Sixth Iowa Infantry an-ived in the vicinity of 
 Lookout Mountain three or four days in advance of Sher- 
 man's corps. 
 
 The regiment and brigade was ordered up Lookout 
 Valley as a diversion, taking a position on the mountain in 
 the r<'ar of the rebel lines, remaining two nights and a day, 
 making a big noise to deceive the rebels as to numbers. 
 
 On the second day of their arrival the enemy attacked 
 the regiment in f^rce, when it retired down the mountain. 
 The Sixth then pursued its march down the valley, marching 
 all night and arriving at Moccasin Bend in the morning. 
 It crossed on pontoon bridges, which were being continually 
 broken by rafts floated down the stream by the rebels, and 
 then took a position opposite the mouth of the Chickamauga 
 River. 
 
102 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 In the meantime the battle of Lookout Mountain was 
 in progress across the river. About midnight of November 
 23d the army recroisised the river at its mouth, and were 
 assigned a position on tlie extreme right of the corps. It 
 then moved forward to Mission Ridge, and, charging up the 
 ridge, deployed as skirmishers. 
 
 On the 25th the brigade was ordered, with picks, 
 shovels, and guns, to advance on the enemy. This was the 
 opening of the engagement, and, after repeated charges, 
 they gave up the hope of forcing tlie enemy back. The 
 boys would charge on the lines, and, being hurled back, 
 would retire over the brow of a hill to re-form. They re- 
 mained here all night, and in the morning found that the 
 enemy had retired. 
 
 After the fall of Atlanta, the regiment went on the 
 famous march to the sea; was at Savannah a short time, 
 and then, after a long and memorable campaign through 
 Georgia, the Carolinas, and Virginia, rounded up at the 
 city of Washington, at the close of the war, and was a 
 conspicuous regiment in that grand review up Pennsylvania 
 Avenue. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Cune, of Burlington, was the last 
 commander of the regiment. 
 
 The regiment took a prominent part in the battles of 
 Shiloh, Resaca, Mission Ridge, Dallas, Big Shanty, Kenesaw 
 Mountain, Jackson, Black River Bridge, Jones' Ford, 
 Griswaldsville, and numerous fights of less note, and was 
 mustered out of the service at Louisville, Ky,, July 21, 1865. 
 
 History of the Thirty-siwth Iowa Infantry. 
 
 The following sketch was kindly furnished by Hon, 
 Josiah T. Young, a member of the regiment : 
 
 "This regiment was organized in August, 1862, from the 
 counties of Appanoose, Monroe, and Wapello. C. W. Kit- 
 tredge, of Ottumwa, was its first colonel. He had seen ser- 
 vice as captain in one of the companies of the Seventh Iowa 
 Infantry, and was wounded in the battle of Belmont, Mo. 
 Being somewhat recovered, Govenor Kirkwood commis- 
 sioned him for the Thirty-sixth. F. M. Drake was made 
 lieutenant-colonel, E. B. Woodward major, A. H. Hamilton 
 adjutant. The place of rendezvous was Camp Lincoln, on 
 the banks of the Mississippi River above Keokuk, By the 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 103 
 
 20th of September, 1802, the coiupanies had aj'i'ived and 
 were assigned qnarters in commodious barracks. The Thir- 
 tieth Iowa, Colonel Abbott, was then preparing for active 
 
 C. \V. KITTRKDGE, Col. Thirty-Sixth Iowa I^-^■A^•TR^ 
 
 service at the front. Our r(*«;inient settled down at once to 
 tlu' duties (tf camp life. The companies had received some 
 instructions before leavint^ home in infantry drill, Scott's 
 Tactics was used, and 'Hay foot, straw foot I" could be heard 
 
104 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 on the drill-<»Tounds. Major J. B. Teas, of Albia, had seen 
 service in the Black Hawk War and was instructor for Com- 
 panies A and K a portion of the time. At Camp Lincoln the 
 company officers were soon able to instruct their commands 
 in all the drill necessary in the school of a soldier. 
 
 ''The first guns used were Belgian or Austrian rifles 
 with sword bayonets. Our blue uniforms came ere long, 
 and each man soon began to feel himself a soldier. The regi- 
 ment was regularly mustered into the service of the United 
 States on the 4th day of October, 18G2, at Camp Lincoln, 
 Iowa, by Lieutenant C J. Ball, of the regular army. 
 
 ''The fall election came on for the choosing of State 
 officers and members of Congress, and the Thirty-sixth Iowa 
 voted in camp. Captain M. J, Varner was on the board of 
 election. Mr. J, B. Grinnell was elected to the lower house. 
 On November 28, 1862, six companies were embarked on 
 board the Fred Lorenze, and on the 29th the remaining four 
 companies on the Harrison, and next day landed in St. Louis 
 and marched out to Benton Barracks, where the command 
 found quarters and engaged in the duties incident to the 
 preparation for the active life of soldiers. Regular details 
 were made on us for men to serve on camp guard, fatigue 
 duty, policing camp, etc. The regiment was in Benton Bar- 
 racks from December 1st to 19th; on the latter day orders 
 came to "fall in," for we didn't know where. The order was 
 obeyed, and the regiment was soon on board the Jennie 
 Deans and Warsaw, which landed it in Memphis, Tenn., Tues- 
 day evening, December 2.3, 1862. 
 
 "On this trip, when nearing Columbus, Kentucky, the 
 regiment was ordered to prepare for battle, which it did. On 
 reaching the landing-place in Columbus, we were hurried on 
 shore, marched to an open place, and formed into line of bat- 
 tle — rifles freshly loaded and forty rounds in cartridge- 
 boxes — to wait for Forrest. The night wore away, Forrest 
 did not come, and the regiment marched on board of the 
 boats. The first night in Memphis the men of the command 
 slept by their guns in Court Square, Memphis, around the 
 marble bust of General Jackson — a beautiful place, nice 
 shade-trees, every prospect pleasing. A day or two later we 
 were moved to Fort Tickering, being the exact line where 
 General Jackson prepared to receive Packenham and his 
 army in 1815. The stay here was brief, as on the last day of 
 the old year we were landed in Helena, Arkansas, in the 
 midst of a rain-storm. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 105 
 
 ''Helena was and is the coiiuly seat of Phillips County, 
 Arkansas. At the time of our arrival it was held by some 
 5,000 Union forces. It A\as a sort of sujiply station for our 
 arm}', and was garrisoned largely by convalescent soldiers. 
 I'ort Curtis was manned by several heavy guns located so 
 as to command the shores and hills of the river. The regi- 
 ment went on duty in whatever capacity placed, and was fast 
 learning a soldier's duties, when General Gorman sent a 
 force of men to IMoon Lake on the east bank of the river, 
 about twelve miles below Helena, and blew up the embank- 
 ment, letting the water from the river overrun the whole 
 country. 
 
 *'By the 26th of February, 1803, the Yazoo Pass expedi- 
 ti(m, several thousand strong, was on its way down toward 
 Fort Pemberton, Mississippi. General Clinton B. Fiske was 
 in command. The Thirty-sixth Iowa was on the steamboats 
 Mariner and Lavina Lof/an. The river was crooked, narrow, 
 and deep — treesonits bank hung over the water, making nav- 
 igation slow and difficult. Many times the boats were greatly 
 injured — in some cases their smoke-stacks were knocked 
 down and the '^gingerbread work" nearly all broken off. 
 Two or three rebel boats were in our front; these were chased 
 by our fleet. One, the Parallel, a large boat loaded with cot- 
 Ion, was tired and abandoned by the enemy. The burning 
 bales illumined far and near the wooded shores of the 
 crooked river. Fort Pemberton was situated at the conflu- 
 ence of the Yallabeesha and Tallahachie rivers. Below this 
 the stream is known as the Yazoo River. Major-General W. 
 \V. Loring was in command of the fort. We were halted at 
 the village of Greenwood by obstructions in tlie river. The 
 (liUlU-othe, one of our gun-boats, first engaged in an ai'tillery 
 duel with the enemy, which made a loud noise, but no results. 
 
 "Next day, March 13, 1803, our regiment was sent to the 
 front, and held in battle-line while the naval forces on the 
 Union side carried on a furious fight with great guns, which 
 lasted several hours. The next morning witnessed the re- 
 newal of artillery tight with Pemberton until an 18-pound 
 siiot from the enemy's line entered one of the port-holes of the 
 i'hiUUothr. killing -t and wounding 7 of luM' men. Tln^ light 
 was kej)l up on our part by the gtin-boal l>r Kalh and by our 
 land batleiics until sundown. The next morning the com- 
 mander (»f the Union forces concluded to give it up and start 
 back uj) the river, which he did. 
 
106 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 ''General Quimby, with a force of se\'eral thousand men. 
 met us on the 27th of March and assumed command. All 
 our forces were soon in motion, going down to give Fort 
 Pemberton another turn. But on March 23d he received an 
 order from General Grant to go back up the river, abandon- 
 ing the seige of Fort Pemberton. While in camp in front of 
 Fort Pemberton the Thirty-sixth was ordered out on an ex- 
 pedition of exploration to find a way of approach to the fort, 
 but no way was discovered. Water was in our way in all 
 directions. That trip made many cases of sickness in our 
 ranks. The men were compelled to wade in water waist- 
 deep in some places, and exposure brought on sickness, which 
 resulted in death during that spring and summer. The regi- 
 ment reached Helena again on the 8th day of April, 1863, and 
 went into camp near Fort Curtis, where it did garrison duty. 
 About the 2d day of ^lay the Third Iowa Cavalry got into a 
 fight with Dobbins' rebel guerrillas at Lagrange, about 
 twenty miles from Helena, and lost several men, killed, 
 wounded, and prisoners, including Adjutant Lowe, son of 
 Governor Lowe, who was mortally wounded. The Thirty- 
 sixth Iowa, with other troops, was ordered out to help the 
 cavalry. We went, but the rebels were such good runners 
 that we did not overtake them. The men of the command 
 got lots of good chickens and other tilings good to eat. Time 
 passed, and soon it began to be in the talk of those best 
 posted that the rebels would attack us. 
 
 Battle of Helena, July Jf, 1863. 
 
 "General V*. M. Prentice was in command of all our 
 forces. He had about 3,800 men for duty, behind strong 
 earth-works mounted with good guns. The gun-boat Tyler, 
 Lieutenant J. M. Pritchett commanding, was in the river in 
 front of the town. Batteries A, B, C, and D were so located 
 as to favor the defensive and prevent the bringing up of 
 artillery by the enemy. The rebel general Holmes brought 
 7,G40 men to the attack early on Saturday morning, July 4, 
 1803. Having arrived within five miles on the morning of the 
 3d, his front well covered by cavalry, who permitted no one 
 to passthem riverward, he rested his men till midnight, when 
 they were moved to within a mile or so of the outworks, 
 where they halted till daybreak, and then pushed on. Gen- 
 eral Price, with a force of 3,095, assaulted Battery C under a 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 107 
 
 withering fire from the Union lines, Fort Curtis, and the 
 gun-boat Ti/Icr. He succeeded in capturing some of our 
 guns, but only for a little time. The fire from our guns was 
 more than could be endured b.v men alive. Some regiments 
 took refuge behind a church; in an incredibly short space of 
 time that church was lying in splinters over the hillside 
 scene of conflict, and 700 men surrendered to our people and 
 were marched down tlie river, placed on board of boats, and 
 were on their way to prison at Alton, Illinois, before the bat- 
 tle was over. The Thirty-sixth took part in the engagement 
 from opening to close. It was in the rifle-pits at Battery A 
 with a reserve, with its line reaching to the Sterling road. 
 'General ^larmaduke was here trying to force his way in.' 
 The Twenty-ninth, Thirty-third, and Thirty-sixth Iowa won 
 their first laurels in battle. 
 
 '•Hon. John F. Lacey, who was present and saw, says: 
 'Price's charge with his Missourians was a terrible one.' The 
 hills and ravines were full of his dead and wounded. So it 
 was with Fagan in front of Battery D. The rebel columns 
 came down over the hills during the gray of the morning of 
 that 4:th of July. They came with the rebel yell so well 
 known by Union soldiers. Solomon Reynolds, a Thirty-sixth 
 man on picket, was killed by the first volley from the advanc- 
 ing rebel line. When Price took Battery C. swai-ms of his 
 men ran for Fort Curtis. InstJintly all the great guns on the 
 fort and in the Tpler down at the river belched forth their 
 volleys of death, which caused the invaders to 'about face.' 
 Colonel Kittredge led the Thirty-sixth in tliis battle, and was 
 well pleased with the gallantry of his men and the result of 
 the fight. The enemy retreated to Little Rock, and left their 
 dead to be buried by our men on Sunday, July 5, 180H. 
 
 "Holmes admits his total loss at 1,<);1(». General Prentice 
 says: 'AVe captured 1,100 ]>iison('rs and buried nearly .'^00 
 rebels, while our loss was less than lioO in all.' The battle 
 lasted from daylight until 11 o'clock. The Thirty-sixth had 
 not eaten breakfast when the long roll sounded, and there 
 was no time to eat till after the battle. 
 
 Capture of Littlr I\ocJ:. 
 
 "The surrender of Vieksburg and other victories having 
 left General Grant's army unemployed, Major-General Fre<l 
 Steele was sent to Helena to fit out and lead an army for the 
 capture of Little Rock, Ark. About 0.000 men, with 2- guns. 
 
108 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 left Helena on August 11, 1868, under General Steele, for 
 Little Kock. The weather was very hot and drv, and march- 
 ing was slow and difficult. The sick-list was very large. 
 Those of the Thirty-sixth were sent in chai'ge of Lieutenant 
 D. H. Scott, on a boat, via the mouth of the White River, to 
 Devall's Bluff, and set off on the ground without sufficient 
 tents to shelter them. Captains Varner, of Company A, and 
 Webb, of Company K, were very sick and soon died; at least 
 1,000 men were on the sick-list when, on August 30th, 
 Steele's forces left White River for Brownsville, which was 
 reached September 1st. 
 
 "On the 3d they reached Bayou Metoe, passing over the 
 ground where a fight between our cavalry and the enemy had 
 taken place. Some cavalry men of the First Iowa were 
 killed. Colonel Dan Anderson's horse fell under him and the 
 colonel made a narrow escape. General Davidson, with 
 G,000 cavalry men and 18 guns, added to our fighting ability 
 very much. The skirmish fighting at Brownsville and Bayou 
 ]\Ietoe was by our cavalry and artillery. The enemy had 
 erected a fort on the level land north of the Arkansas River 
 and placed in it men and arms to defend it against the 
 'Yanks.' Long-handled pike-poles were provided, with 
 sharp iron points, with which to prod men to death. Steele 
 caused the banks of the river to be cut down and a pontoon 
 bridge laid six or eight miles east of the city of Little Rock, 
 and sent several regiments, including some of our Iowa 
 cavalry, across to the south side of the river, thus flanking 
 the fort entirely. The enemy soon found this out and evacu- 
 ated the fort, retreating pell-mell for the city. We had 
 camped the night before at Mill Bayou, from which a forced 
 nmrch began, which ended in the capture of Little Rock. A 
 large ITnion flag floated from the tall flagstaff on the State- 
 house at 5 o'clock p. m. The fighting, began by the rebel 
 skirmishing parties early in the morning, lasted till nearly 
 sundown. This was on September 10, 1863. The rebels set 
 fire to and partly burned their pontoon bridge over the 
 Arkansas below town, also a boat fitting up for a gun-boat 
 (the Fontchartrain), about six cars, a machine shop, and 
 other public property, and fled eti masse from the city in the 
 direction of Arkadelphia. Steele's forces marched into 
 camp, the bands playing 'Yankee Doodle' and the men shout- 
 ing with all their might. Great clouds of dust arose from 
 the tramping of the enemy and our cavalry in pursuit. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 109 
 
 The sound of our cannon was heard away into the night, 
 while in pursuit. Many old citizens fled along with the rebel 
 army, leaving their houses and otlier property in the hands 
 of tlie 'Yanks.' At first the Thirty-sixth went into camp north 
 of tlie river, and later established permanent quarters for 
 the winter near the State arsenal, southeast of the city. We 
 supi)orted a battery on the north bank of the river, which 
 required much double-quick marching on the 10th, and the 
 men of our comnumd were very tired Avhen night put an end 
 to the contest. We lost no men in battle, but the mortality 
 by sickness was terrible, 
 
 ''One of the notable events of that winter was the cap- 
 ture and execution of a rebel spy. David O. Dodd, a young 
 man, was caught, tried, and condemned to hang on the 8th of 
 January, 1864. The writer witnessed his execution — a sad 
 sight indeed. He was hung on the campus of St. John's 
 (Jollege, Little Kock, the school in which he had received his 
 education. A hollow square of Union troops was formed, 
 into which the wagon containing the condemned man and 
 his coflfin and a chaplain was driven, under the gallows. 
 After prayer by the chaplain, at a signal given, the end-gate 
 of the wagon fell, and with it the young man, dangling be- 
 tween earth and sky. One or two shrugs of the shoulders 
 and drawing up of the lower limbs, and all was over. A copy 
 of a letter written by him a short time before may serve to 
 impress the reader with the solemnity of this case. 
 
 " 'Militarv Prison, Little Rock, 
 " 'January's, 10 o'clock a.m., 1864. 
 
 " 'My dear Parents and Sisters, — I was arrested as a spy 
 and tried, and was sentenced to be hung to-day at 3 o'clock. 
 The time is fast approaching, but, thank (xod! I am not afraid 
 to die. I expect to meet you in heaven. Do not weep for 
 me, for I will be better off in heaven. I will soon be out of 
 this world of sorrow and trouble. T would like to see you 
 all before I die, but let God's will be done, not ours. [ pray 
 God to give you strength to bear your troubles while in this 
 world. I hope God will receive you in heaven. There 1 will 
 meet you. ^Mother, I know it will be hard for you to give ui> 
 your only son, but yon must remember it is God's will. 
 ( J(Hid bye. God will give you strength to bear your troubles. 
 I pray that we may meet in heaven. Good-bye. God will 
 bless vou all. Youi- son and brother, 
 
 " 'David 0. Dodd: 
 
110 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Camden Expedition. 
 
 "General Steele left Little Kock on March 23, 1864, in 
 command of the Seventh Army Corps, to cooperate with 
 General IJanks' Red River expedition. After the first day- 
 out from Little Rock, v^e had about thirty days' fighting, 
 some times in front — at other times in the rear or on either 
 flank. At Spoonville it began, and Elkins' Ford, Prairie de 
 Ann, Camden, and Mark's Mills were each in turn the scene 
 of conflict. Company K started on this march with 53 men all 
 told. The Thirty-sixth was present and took part in each 
 of these fights. Its loss was inconsiderable until at Mark's 
 Mills; in that fight it had 8 men killed or mortally wounded. 
 The regiment lost in all 49 killed and the remainder cap- 
 tured; only one or two men escaped. Jonathan Witham, of 
 Company K, was knocked down by a spent ball, and when he 
 became conscious he found himself alone. He walked all 
 the way to the Union lines at Little Rock, hiding in daytime, 
 ti-aveling at night; he was nearly dead when he reached our 
 outside pickets. Lieutenant-Colonel Drake was in com- 
 mand of the brigade, the Forty-third Indiana, Thirty-sixth 
 Towa and Seventy-seventh Ohio, and received a wound in 
 one of his lower limbs above the knee, which seemed mortal. 
 He and all others severely wounded were left behind and 
 finally paroled and exchanged, but those able to march were 
 taken in a southwesterly direction towards Texas. 
 
 "The battle occurred on the forenoon of Monday, April 
 25^. 1864; the march to prison began that afternoon, and con- 
 tinued without stopping until sundown Tuesday, when we 
 reached the Washita River. At this point the prisoners 
 were allowed to rest and eat whatever they were fortunate 
 enough to find. The writer snatched an ear of corn from a 
 mule at the roadside, just before stopping; a fire was kindled, 
 some dry sticks burned, and the corn was roasted in the 
 ashes; this, with coffee from grounds in Robert Turner's 
 can, which had been boiled and used Monday morning for 
 breakfast, served for a meal for 'Mess 3.' Chaplain Hare 
 said it was the best coffee he ever tasted. Our marches were 
 ke])t up until on Sunday, May 15, 1864, the big gate of the 
 prison stockade at Camp Ford, Smith County, Texas, swung 
 wide open to receive the J .200 or more new men. We were 
 marched into our future home, halted in line, and listened to 
 a speech from Colonel Hill, commander of the camp. Then 
 we sat down, looked about us, and wondered how long we 
 
112 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 would have to stay in that horrible place — no shade, 
 shelter, or anything else necessary to our life. We were very 
 hungry and began to hunt for something to eat. The writer 
 paid a one-dollar greenback for one 'pone' of coarse corn- 
 bread. A little latter he sold his blue dress coat for |75, Con- 
 federate money, and bought for that sum nearly seven 
 pounds of flour. Corporal Eads set a can of old-fashioned 
 'salt-rising,' and with it baked a loaf of bread. In this way 
 we had a little bread. Confederate beef, Texas long-horns, 
 came in about every third day. Weevil-eaten corn, ground 
 into coarse meal on the horse-mill, was dealt out every second 
 day. The ration was one-quarter of a pound of meat and a 
 pint of meal per day. 
 
 "On the 2.3d of July, 18»i7, Major A. H. Hamilton and 
 Captain John Lambert, of Company K, and Allan W. Miller, 
 of Company C, made their escape. At that time the writer 
 was lying sick under an old gum-blanket, stretched on poles, 
 which served as some protection by day and night. The 
 major came to my bed to say 'good-bye,' Before going, he 
 advised me to make a soldier's will, by leaving word with 
 some of my comrades as to the disposition of my effects at 
 home. He told me I wais a very sick man, and might not 
 get well. I thanked him for his advice, but told him I 
 expected to come out of that prison. I never for one moment 
 gave up to die there. If I had, I would in all probability 
 have died there. The three men walked to the west gate 
 and presented a pass to go to the blacksmith shop south of 
 the camp. It seemed to be properly signed and counter- 
 signed, and the guard let them out. From my lowly bed, 
 lying on my side, I watched them go away paist headquarters 
 and over the ridge towards the south, out of sight. They 
 had hired a darky to bring some grub to them in the woods, 
 which he did. Lambert was a good blacksmith, and they 
 were carrying two old axes that needed up-setting. The 
 axes were soon left by the roadside and those three men 
 were many days traveling north before thej^ reached the 
 Union lines. Miller and Lambert soon died, but Major 
 Hamilton survives. 
 
 "On the night of the 28th a subterranean tunnel was 
 opened through the stockade, by prisoners, and a lot of them 
 escaped. INIost of them were brought back, havinig been 
 caught by blood-hounds. That tunnel was weeks in prepara- 
 tion, having been begun in a shanty many rods from the 
 
or 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 113 
 
 stockade. The dirt was carefully deposited in small quan- 
 tities here and there over the ground, so as not to attract 
 attention. The boys going out made a mistake; they kej^t 
 l)assing out until after daylight, and a sentry, seeing them 
 IKiss out from the tall weeds and grass as though they had 
 come up out of the earth, fired his gun and raised the 
 alarm. 
 
 '"On Tuesday, -June 21st, from my place in camp, I 
 looked across the narrow depression of the land between 
 us and the rebel headqujirters south, and saw a rebel officer 
 flog a colored woman. My attention was drawn by her 
 cries as he laid on the bloAVs across her naked shoulders 
 and back with the cat-o'-ninetails. I was not brought up 
 an abolitionist, but this sight made one of me. Two or 
 three little children of hers stood partly behind the cabin 
 and saw their mother being beaten, and the little fellows 
 cried too. I also got mad. It was no wonder this country 
 suffered so terribly in the war. 
 
 "Along about July 1st, the prisoners began to die very 
 fast. Three died during the night of that day. 
 
 "(>n the 2d some prisoners tried to escape, and the next 
 day the following order was posted upon a board at the 
 meal -box: 
 
 " 'Headquarters Gamp of Federal Prisoners, 
 
 " 'Near Tvler, Texas, July 3, 1864. 
 " 'General Order No. . 
 
 " 'Hereafter, any Federal prisoner detected in trying 
 to make his esca{>e from prison, either in the act or after 
 he lias made his escape, will be shot by the one capturing 
 him. 
 
 '■ 'By oi'der of I.t.-Col. J. P. B()rder. 
 
 " 'Ji. W. McEachen, 
 " 'Lieutenant and A. A. Adjutant.' 
 
 "Cam]) Ford was an enclosure of possibly 6 acres of 
 land, 4 miles north of Tyler, Smith County, Texas. The 
 stockade was made of half-logs 12 feet in length, 4 feet of 
 same set in the ground. The spring supplying water was in 
 the southwest corner of the stockade. It was fairly good 
 water. Wood for use in cooking and fuel was cut on the 
 lands nearest the camj), and usually carried on the shoulders 
 of men. Tliere were two gates — one in the north, the other 
 at the southwest corner of the camj). The boys of the 
 Thirty-sixth wci-c paroled for exchange in February, and on 
 
114 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 the loth of that month th^y bade adieu to Camp Ford 
 forever, and took up their line of march for Shreveport, 
 La. At that place they were embarked on board rebel 
 transports, the Nina Sims, DouUoon, and Texas, and reached 
 the mouth of Red River, Louisiana, February 25, 1864, where 
 they were exchanged for a like number of rebels. When 
 we reached the mouth of that crookedest of rivers, the 
 Yankees on board began to yell for joy, and it is the private 
 opinion of the writer that those old Spanish live-oaks on 
 the banks of the Mississippi had not witnessed such noise 
 since they began their tree life. A great big flag floating 
 over the United States gun-boat Tennessee caused the yelling. 
 The Magenta, a large lower-river steamer, came up the 
 river and was drafted intoi the service to carry the 'boys' 
 to a camp of distribution in New Orleans, which was 
 reached by daylight February 2f>th. The Louisiana cotton- 
 press camp of distribution furnished good quarters for the 
 squad of 1,500, who went to work getting hair cut, beards 
 trimmed, new clothes, new everything — and in a short time 
 all were ready to go north. Those who- had been prisoners 
 were granted prisoners' furlough of thirty days from Cairo, 
 111. They came up, enjoyed the fresh air and good victuals 
 in Iowa homes, and returned and rejoined their regiment 
 (that portion of it left at Camden, Ark.) in April, 1864, at 
 Saint Charles, Ark. These escaped Camp Ford, but they 
 were participants in the battle of Junkins' Ferry under 
 Steele on his retreat from Camden. 
 
 "The reunited regiment remained on White River, at 
 St. Charles, Devall's Bluff, and at tJie mouth of the river, 
 doing such duty as came to hand, till August 24, 1865, 
 when they received their discharges and were sent to 
 Davenport, Iowa, and paid off, *about September 7, 1865. 
 Colonel Kittredge issued his farewell order, which I copy 
 in closing: 
 
 " 'Headquarters 36th Iowa Inft., 
 " 'Davenport, Iowa, Sept. 6, 1865. 
 " 'General Orders No. 20. 
 " 'Officers and Soldiers: 
 
 " 'Your commanding officer, upon the final discharge 
 of the regiment and its return to civil life, desires to express 
 his admiration of the conduct of both officers and men for 
 the past three years; and to express the hope that in civil 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 115 
 
 life all will prove, as heretofore, true men and worthy of the 
 hi<j:h distinction of beinji: called Iowa soldiers and citizens — 
 and I have no doubt that the new duties devolving upon 
 you will be ais promptly and faithfully performed in the 
 future as those of the past have been, 
 
 " 'In bidding the command farewell, your commanding 
 officer is happy to express his high appreciation of the 
 meritorious services of the command and his personal 
 knowledge of their individual worth, and trusts that your 
 future may be a.s happy and prosperous as your past has 
 been arduous and illustrious; and now bids you adieu 
 with heartfelt wishes for your individual happiness and 
 prosperity.' 
 
 "The number of men enlisted in the regiment at first was 
 988; total aggregate, old soldiers and recruits, was 1,240; 
 killed or mortally wounded at Mark's Mills, 49. There had 
 been 280 deaths since organization ; 20 more died soon after 
 discharge; we lost 30 men on- the road and at Camp Ford. 
 We started on the Yazoo Pass expedition with 600 men. 
 
 "Josiah T. Young, 
 "Sergeant Co. K, 36th Iowa." 
 
 History of the Twenty-second Iowa Infantry. 
 
 The Twenty-second Iowa Infantiy was organized in 
 1862, and on the 10th day of June of that year, the regiment, 
 commanded by Colonel \Vm. M, Stone, afterwards Governor 
 of Iowa, rendezvoused at Camp Pope in Iowa City. There 
 were seven comlpanies of this regiment organized from 
 Johnson County, one from Jasper, one from IMonroe, and 
 one from Wapello County. 
 
 The regiment was mustered into the United States ser- 
 vice on tlie 9th of September, 1862. On the 14th of Septem- 
 ber the regiment was shipped by rail to Davenport. From 
 that point it was transported to St. Louis, on board the 
 steamer Metropolitan. Arriving in St. Louis, the men were 
 assigned quarters at Benton Barracks, and here the regi- 
 ment remained for a week or more. On September 22d the 
 regiment was placed on cars and shipped to Rolla, Mo., where 
 it remained until January 27, 1863, when it was assigned 
 to the array of General Davidson at West Plains, Mo. It 
 was then brigaded with the Twenty-first and Twenty-third 
 Iowa Infantry, the Eighth and Eighteenth Indiana Infantry, 
 and the Eleventh Wisconsin regiments. These regiments 
 
116 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 constituted the Finst Brigade of the First Division of the 
 Army of Southeast Missouri. 
 
 The army, after remaining at West Plains for about 
 two weeks, took up its line of march for Iron Mountain, at 
 which place it arrived on the 2Gth day of February, 1868. 
 The army remained at IroQ ]\Iountain until the 9th day of 
 March, when orders were issued to join General Grant at 
 Vicksburg, The army marciied by way of Ste. Genevieve 
 and Milligan's Bend, La. The corps staid on the west bank 
 of the river and remained about two weeks. By the first 
 day of April the entire Army of Southeast Missouri had 
 concentrated their strength at Milligan's Bend, where Grant 
 was making preparations for the Vicksburg campaign. 
 When the troops were conicentrated at this point, the 
 Twenty-second Iowa, Eleventh Wisconsin, the Twenty-first 
 and Twenty-third Iowa, constituted the Second Brigade, 
 Fourth Division, Thirteenth Army Corps. General Carr 
 commanded the division, and General McClemand com- 
 manded the corps. 
 
 On the morning of the 12th of April, 1868, the brigade 
 proceeded to Richmond, La., where they had a brush with a 
 small body of rebel cavalry, defeating it. The brigade 
 then pushed on to Perkins' Landing to await the arrival of 
 the corps. 
 
 A fleet of transports and gun-boats, having succeeded 
 in getting past Vicksburg, arrived in the vicinity of Grand 
 Gulf on the 28th oif April. The Thirteenth Corps, having 
 gone on down the river from Milligan's Bend, arrived in 
 the vicinity of Grand Gulf, and were taken on board the 
 assembled transports, with a view to making an assault on 
 the rebel batteries along the river. In front of the trans- 
 ports were the Federal gun-boats, pouring their shot and 
 shell into the rebel batteries. It was a terrific duel, and 
 the troops on board the transports saw it all in plain view. 
 The engagement lasted all the afternoion of the 29tli of 
 April, and on the 80th the Union forces passed on d'own the 
 river and crossed a short distance below. The fleet which 
 engaged the rebel batteries was headed by the gun-boat 
 Benton, and every soldier of the Twenty-second Iowa has a 
 vivid recollection of seeing the white sheets of smoke rolling 
 out over the surface of the river from the gun-boats, followed 
 by the tremendous report of the cannon. Then they saw 
 the batteries on shore, responding with their deafening re- 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 117 
 
 tort. Tlioy watched the duel all the afteruoon. It was a 
 terrible wiuiiouade, but no results of any consequence were 
 achieved, save the dismounting of some of tlie enemy's guns. 
 The object in taking llie troops on board the transports was 
 evidently to use them in a combined attack on the rebel 
 stronghold, but it was soon ascertained that they were too 
 strongly fortitied. The troops were landed and marched 
 down the levee, three miles below Grand Gulf, and waited 
 until morning. 
 
 During the night the gun-boats and transports suc- 
 ceeded in passing the rebel batteries, and arrived in time 
 to take on board the Thirteenth Army Corp;:*, which had 
 proceeded by land. The corps was transported down the 
 river about sixteen miles below Grand Gulf, near the village 
 of Bruinsburg, Miss., and here it took up its line of march 
 for Port Gibson. In the attack at Port Gibson the Twenty- 
 second Iowa Infantry was placed in the extreme front. 
 The night was dark, and, notwithstanding the uncertainty 
 of tiring in the darkness, the enemy poured a steady stream 
 of sliot and shell into the ranks of the advancing Union 
 column. The Twenty -second Iowa was joined by the 
 Twenty-first and Twenty-third Iowa Infantry, and the 
 Eleventh Wisconsin Infantry, but before these regiments 
 took position the Eighth and Eighteenth Indiana Infantry 
 were first to follow the Twenty-second in the assault. These 
 regiments, comprising the brigade, were in command of 
 Colonel \Vm. M. fc^toiie, of the Twenty-second Iowa. 
 
 The fight began at about 1 o'clock on the morning of 
 May 1st, when the advancing column was within about tliree 
 miles from Port Gibson. In the midst of the opening as- 
 sault, Ihe First Iowa P>attery had been placed in position 
 and the Twenty-second Infantry was ordered to support it. 
 The rebel line was c«^>mposed of artillery in front and infantry 
 back of it. After about one hour's fighting, the rebel line 
 was forced back to a stronger position about a half-mile to 
 the rear. At this juncture firing ceased on both sides, on 
 account of the darkness, and the Union forces lay down on 
 the field and slept on their guns until daylight. When day 
 dawned, other regiments had come up and taken their 
 positions in the Union ranks, and the enemy was strongly 
 entrenched on Thompson's Hill. Two com[»anies of the 
 Twenty-second ((,'onij)any 11, ('aptain Shrader, and Company 
 G, Captain Hawkins) were sent out as skirmishers to feel 
 
118 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 the enemy. The entire brigade followed and then the corps. 
 Up the hill the advancing Federal column swept, like lines of 
 breakers against a reef. The enemy resisted stubbornly for 
 a time, but finally began to relinquish its footing. Then at 
 this stage there arose a series of prolonged cheers from the 
 assaulting columns, which ran along the entire line. The 
 rebels were releasing their grasp like some monster in its 
 death struggles. They finally gave way and broke in con- 
 fusion. Their whole line was thrown into a rout, and they 
 fled in great confusion in the direction of Jackson. The 
 Union forces captured several hundred prisoners and a 
 few pieces of artillery. The rebels, after being pursued 
 three or four miles, re-formed and took up a position on the 
 outskirts of the town, to endeavor to cover the retreat of 
 their panic-stricken army. An artillery duel was kept up 
 for several hours, when the rebel batteries were silenced. 
 
 In this engagement the Twenty-second Iowa was again 
 called on to support the batteries, and endured a murderous 
 fire from the enemy's guns at short range. The Second 
 Brigade was then ordered to advance and carry the enemy's 
 works by storm. The Twenty-second deployed two of its 
 companies as skirmishers — Company B, Captain Gearkee, 
 and Company H, Captain Shrader. These two companies 
 opened the attack. The brigade could not reach the enemy's 
 works, on account of an intervening impenetrable growth of 
 cane and underbrush, but received and returned their fire 
 until the rebels fled. The next morning, the Union forces 
 followed up the retreating enemy, and, after pursuing them 
 for several days, drove them into Jackson. Colonel Stone 
 now returned to the command of the Twenty-second, having 
 been succeeded in his command of the brigade by General 
 M. K. Lawler. 
 
 On May 13th the Second Brigade arrived at Mississippi 
 Springs; having paissed through Kaymond. At Raymond, 
 General Carr's division waited to hear the result of Sher- 
 man's expedition to Jackson, and the Twenty-second was 
 ordered to remain at this point to guard the train. 
 
 When the rebels evacuated Jackson, the Twenty-second 
 took up its line of march for Champion Hills, and en- 
 countered the enemy at Black River Bridge, on the morning 
 of the 17th. General Carr's division led the advance. The 
 rebels were on the Vicksburg side of the river, up on a hill- 
 side. They opened fire on the Union columns before the 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 119 
 
 latter had gotten into line of battle. The enemy's pickets 
 were encountered about two miles from the bridge, and 
 the rebels were very strongly fortilied behind ritie-pits along 
 the margin of a swamp or bayou. 
 
 General Lawler ordered his brigade to charge on these 
 works, and the Twenty-second Iowa, led by Colonel Kins- 
 man, led the van, followed by the Twenty-first Iowa and 
 Eleventh Wisconsin. The Second Brigade dashed across 
 the open plain like a troop of destroying fiends. They drove 
 the enemy from their entrenchments, but their ranks were 
 decimated by the ritiemen behind the pits. The enemy broke 
 and fled, and when the brigade leaped into their trenches, 
 the Twenty-second Iowa assaulted their left wing, cutting 
 off the retreat of the enemy before they all could reach the 
 river. A few, however, reached the river and attempted to 
 swim across, ibut many of the number were drowned, as the 
 stream was running swiftly. As the enemy had burnt the 
 bridge across the river, the Thirteenth Army Corps had to 
 camp on the battle-field. 
 
 On the evening of the 18th a pontoon bridge was thrown 
 across the river, above, and the corps took up its march on 
 the Jackson and Vicksburg road for V'icksburg. The enemy 
 fell back into the city, on the approach of Grant's aimj. 
 On the 19th the Union army reached Vicksburg and all day 
 the batteries on both sides kept up a constant cannonade. 
 At 2 o'clock in the afternoon the Federal infantry made a 
 desperate charge on the works and after a couple of hours 
 of hard skirmishing all were driven back save the Thirteenth 
 Corps, which succeeded in securing an advanced position 
 within 500 yaids of the enemy, where a range of hills covered 
 them from the enemy's tire. In this charge, E. B. Judson, 
 of Company H, was struck in the nose by a grape sihot, and 
 received a painful wound. 
 
 On the night of the 20th the regiment was engaged in 
 throwing up entrenchments for the tight on the next day. 
 The men were so weak from exhaustion and short rations, 
 Alex McCahan, a corporal of Company D, says, that they 
 could not do as much work as ten-year-old children. The 
 next day was spent in continuous ride-practice between the 
 two opposing forces, but with little efiect. 
 
 On the 22d Colonel Stone received an order from 
 General Grant to get his regiment ready to lead the assault 
 to be made on that date. The Twenty-second was ordered 
 
120 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 to cast off everything that would impede their movements, 
 except their guns and accouterments. The regiment was 
 instructed to charge for a position midway between the two 
 lines, and hold it as a ral lying-point. It was about midnight 
 when the brigade stole noiselessly over the brow of the hill 
 and then crept cautiously down, the ravine, sometimes being 
 obliged to crawl on their hands and knees, owing to 
 obstructions which the enemy had placed there. They 
 finally passed down to the desired poisition without being 
 discovered by the pickets of the enemy, which were but 
 twenty yards distant. It w^as now about daylight, and the 
 brigade lay down on the hillside to rest until the assault 
 should be sounded. At 9 o'clock the brigade was formed 
 into battalions with the Twenty-second Iowa in the advance, 
 followed by its two gallant consorts, the Twenty-first Iowa 
 and the Eleventh Wisconsin. Promptly at 10 o'clock 
 Colonel Stone was ordered to advance, and that instant the 
 regimental colors went sweeping over the hill like a fire- 
 brand of death, followed by a thousand bayonets glistening 
 in the morning sun. It was like the columns of the Kussians 
 (lashing against the walls of Plevna. 
 
 The strouighiold covered about a half -acre of ground, 
 and the walls were 15 feet high, and surrounded by a ditch 
 10 feet wide. While hurling his regiment against this 
 fortress. Colonel Stone was wounded, and had to withdraw. 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Graham took command, and with a 
 small force reached the ditch, but could not climb over. 
 Then, the rebels began to throw hand-grenades among the 
 assailants. A,s soon as tJiey would strike the ground they 
 would explode. The boys of the IVenty-second would 
 catch them in their hands as they came over the parapets 
 and toss tliem back into the rifle-pits of the rebels, to 
 explode — a frightfully realistic game of ball or lawn-tennis. 
 
 Hugh Sinclair, of Company D, who died in Monroe 
 County, July 15, 1887, and whose remains now rest in Oak 
 View Cemetery at Albia, was one of the assailing pai'ty 
 who got into the fort. 
 
 After three or four hours' figliting, the reg-iment fell 
 back to the shelter of a hill. 
 
 The party who got into the fort was led by Sergeant 
 Joseph Griffiths, and consisted of about 15 men, among 
 whom was Sinclair. They climbed the wall bv raising one 
 another up the wall. They planted the colors on the ram- 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 121 
 
 pai-t of the fort. The attnck was a failure, and the Twenty- 
 second Iowa and hei- two tightiiij;-iiiates, the Twenty-first 
 Iowa Jind Eleventh Wisconsin, reuiained on the field, giving 
 the enemy blow for blow until their aniniunition was entirely 
 exhausted, 
 
 Griint, seeing that an. assault vvais uselesis, began the 
 lueiuorable siege. Day b}- day his army advanced their 
 i-itle-pits, until finally they were up to the walls and the 
 eaieniy ran up a white flag. 
 
 The next morning after the surrender of Vicksburg the 
 entire Union army, save a small garrison, left N'icksburg for 
 Jackson, where tlie enemy had maissed in force. The 
 Twenty-second, when it started away from Vicksburg, did 
 not have more than 150 men fit for duty. While the Twenty- 
 second was marching out of Vicksburg, and while passing 
 Hospital Surgeon ^Vllite"s headquarters. White wheeknl a 
 bai'rel of whisky in front of his quarters and knocked in 
 tlie head of the barrel. EacJi man was permitted to take 
 a tin cup full of whisky, and none declined. Some wanted 
 to till their canteens, but strict orders were given that no 
 canteens should be dipped in. Alex Mct'ahan obeyed the 
 letter of the command, but having a small tin pail with him, 
 he dipped it in and went on liis way rejoicing. 
 
 When Sherman's forces reached Jackson on the 9tli of 
 July, the Ti'oops were arranged in line of battle. The 
 Twenty-second was placed on the south side of the Vicks- 
 burg road leading to tlie city. Company F, commanded by 
 (Japtain Crce, aJid (Jompan}- U, commanded by Sergeant 
 J. K. Dunran, were deployed as skirmishers. The rebel 
 batteries opened witli grape and canister, and the infantry 
 had its position in a body of forest near by, from whirli 
 they opened a h<^avy tire of musketry. The Federal colnmns 
 made a dash against the enemy's works, Imt were hurled 
 back in cxmfusion. 
 
 On the 10th the enemy evacuated the city, anticipating 
 the attack which had been planned for the 17th. After 
 Jackson had be«*n taken, th(» Twenty-second Iowa was em- 
 ployed for a few days in tearing up railway track, and on 
 the 24th of July returned to Vicksburg. 
 
 While the army was on its return most of the Twenty- 
 second boys were worn out with hard service. Most of the 
 ambulance horses were pressed into service to draw the 
 artillery, and many soldiers who had in some manner pro- 
 
122 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 cured mules on which to ride were forced by the officers to 
 give them up for use in drawing the artillery. Corporal 
 Alex McCahan, of Company D, had gotten possesision of 
 an old mule in some way. McCahan was completely ex- 
 hausted, and had to depend on the mule for transportation. 
 The mule was a large, raw-boned one, but a good traveler. 
 Wm. Conway, a chum of McCahan's, also secured a little 
 old mule, which wa?i totally worthless. One day, while on 
 the march, the two men ran upon a magnificent double- 
 seated oarriage, which was trimmed in frosted silver and 
 upholstered in the richest velvets. They obtained some 
 ropes and improvised a set of harness, and hitching their 
 mules to it, moved along in great state for a few days; 
 finally, however, a heavy gun caisson ran over it, and 
 mashed it into the earth. The drivers once more mounted 
 their steeds and continued the march, until an oflicer ap- 
 proached Conway and ordered him to dismount, that they 
 might hitch the mule to a gun. Conway was an Irishman, 
 and of course showed fight; the officer pulled him off and 
 took his mule, McCahan, seeing an officer approach him, 
 stopped opposite a large stump, and began to take off his 
 blanket as if he intended turning the mule loose. The 
 officer approached and ordered him to deliver him the mule. 
 McCahan pretended to be very glad to dispose of the mule, 
 saying that it was of no use to him, and that he would 
 be glad if the officer could do anything with it. The officer 
 so far forgot himself as to address McCahan in a respectful 
 tone, and inquired if the animal was good for anything. 
 McCahan replied that it was of no use to himiself, and, 
 while seemingly in the act of removing the rope bridle, said 
 the officer could have him, accompanying the tender with 
 an affected, sardonic grin. The officer, supposing the mule 
 was worn out, then rode off without saying another word. 
 When out of sight, McCahan slowly climbed on the mule's 
 back and galloped off to a thicket, and followed the train 
 at some distance, so he would not be seen by the officers. 
 He states that if there had been no stump where he dis- 
 mounted, he could not have climbed on the mule''s back, as 
 he was so weak from exhaustion and ill health. He rode 
 the mule to near Vicksburg and then gave it to Arthur Roise, 
 of Company D, who drove it to a cart. 
 
 The regiment remained a month atVicksburg, and then 
 the army was loaded on the transpoii: Baltic and taken to 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 123 
 
 New Orleans. They next embarked by way of the Gulf to 
 Texas, and landed on Mustang Island, 70 miles from Mata- 
 gorda Bay. On the 29th the regiment went on an expedition 
 against Fort Esperanza. The enemy, on their approach, 
 blew up their magazine and tied the town. On December 
 2d the regiment went into camp at De Cruz's, on the 
 peninsula. 
 
 On January 2, 1864, the regiment, with the division, 
 was taken on board the steamer Matamoras and landed at 
 Old Indianola, up the bay about 40 miles, where they spent 
 the winter. Here the First and Second brigades were con- 
 solidated and formed the First Brigade of the First 
 Division. 
 
 In the meantime Colonel Stone had recovered from 
 his wound, and returned to his command a short time before 
 rlackson capitulated. 
 
 While the ai'my was at Vicksburg, Colonel Stone was 
 elected Governor of Iowa, and here he took final leave of 
 Ins command. 
 
 While stationed at Old Indianola, a squad of the regi- 
 ment encountered a full company of mounted Texan 
 Rangers. A desperate fight took place, about 15 miles from 
 camp. There were over 100 of the Rangere, and about 25 
 of the regiment. The squad held them at bay for several 
 hours, but were finally surrounded, when they surrendered. 
 Among tho-se who were captured were John Flemming and 
 Wm. Bechtel, of Company A; Philip Hertzer, of Company 
 D; Gabriel Hottman, of Company H; Carl Bedner, of Com- 
 pany K; and Wm. Franklin, of Company F. Herizer lived 
 in Monroe Township, and was of German extraction. He 
 is now preaching in the Southwest. 
 
 In the spring the regiment returned to New Orleans, 
 and then went on Banks' Red River expiMiition, nearly as 
 far up as Alexandria, and then, meeting lianks on his retuni, 
 returned to New Orleans, crossing the river at Algiei-®. 
 
 They then embarked on an ocean steamer and sailed 
 around Cape Hatteras to Fortress Monroe, and then 
 ascended the James River to Bermuda Hundred Landing, 
 near City Point, Gi-ant's headquarters. The regimcnit next 
 went into the rirte-pits at Petei-sburg, going into the Army 
 of the Potomac. They remaincnJ here a few weeks during 
 July and August, 18G4, and then returned down the James, 
 and up the Potomac to ^Vashington. 
 
124 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 On August 2, 1864:, the regiment took up quarters at 
 Georgetown Heights, in Marylajid, overlooking the city of 
 Washington; and on the 14th took up a line of march; to 
 join Sheridan's column. The rebel general Early was 
 chasing Sheridan down the Shenandoah Valley, and the 
 Twenty-second Eegiment, withthe division and brigade, w>as 
 hastening through Drainsville, Leesburg, and Hamilton, 
 over the Kitoctan Mountains. The army marched through 
 Sneeker's Gap,, of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and at mid- 
 night arrived at the Shenandoali River at the foot of the 
 mountains. Here tlie troops waded the stream, and at 
 daylight reacbed Berryville, where they joined Sheridan. 
 
 While marching from Berryville towards Harper's 
 Ferry, Horace Judson, Marion Anderson, Hugh Sinclair, 
 and Alex McCalian, members of Company D, went out one 
 dnj on a foraging tour into the country. They met a 
 travel jug equipage, consisting of some women, a load of 
 furniture or two, aud a negro driver. They halted the 
 cart and began to inspect the cargo. A tightly corked 
 barrel aroused the interest ol ttie boj^s, and McCahan 
 made a %igorous attempt to punch a hole in the head 
 with his bayonet. Tt was a slow process, and Judson, 
 growing impatient, shouted to McCahan tO' stand to one 
 side. He di(i so. and Judson, raising his Enfield ritie, blazed 
 away at the head el the barrel. A tiny stream of whisky 
 began to trickle out at the bullet-hole, but it did mot come 
 out fast enough. Judson raised his gun again and sent 
 another ball through the barrel-head near the upper edge. 
 ]McCahan says that now a beautiful stream spurted out in 
 the fonn of a golden rainbow. Tlie boys held their canteens 
 and filled them with tlie precious fluid, and then reverently 
 plugged up the holes, so that no more of the liquor could be 
 lost, and allowed the cart to proceed. 
 
 On the morning of the 21st of August the army went 
 into a position along the bluffs of the Potomac. The left 
 rested on the river and the right extended to the foot of the 
 Blue Ridge. The Twenty-second Iowa was stationed near 
 the center. The enemy made an assault, and, after several 
 days' skirmishing, fell back to Bunker's Hill on the 27th. 
 On September .3d Sheridan ordered the Eighth and Nine- 
 teenth Corps, which latter now included the Second Brigade, 
 to march toBerryville,wherealargerebelforcewas massing. 
 The Eighth Corps was attacked in the evening, by the enemy, 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 125 
 
 near Berrj-ville, but drove (he re-bcls back. The Second 
 T?rio:ade occupied a position on tlie rig'lit of the Eijj^hth Corps. 
 In tliis position the forces skirmished until midnijiht, when 
 they hiy down in a drenchinj^ rain to rest until daylight. 
 On the arrival of daylight the enemy ri^ired to their fortifi- 
 cations on the Opequan. 
 
 The army, having now thrown up a line of works, re- 
 mained until the 18th; and on the li)th, at about 2 o'clock 
 in the moraing, began its march on Winchester. The 
 Sixtli Coi-ps wfis on the right, the Nineteenth in the center, 
 and the Einfhth on the left, as the army advanced. At 
 about daylig-ht the cavalry forming the advance guard en- 
 countered tlie enemy and drove in liis jtickets; and at about 
 o'clock the Nineteenth Corps ai-rived ajid formed a line 
 of battle on a range of hills about a mile from the Opequan 
 and facing the enemy. Wliile the line was forming, it was 
 shelled by the enemy's batteries for a short time; then a 
 silence fell along the line like a calm before the opening of 
 a tempest. Presently the command "Forward I" was given, 
 and the army moved forward to tlie attack. The Twenty- 
 second Iowa was on the left of the brigade, and the brigade 
 itself was on the extreme left of the Nineteenth Corps. The 
 enemy was in a heavy belt of timber and about a mile of 
 open field intervened between the two hostile armies. As 
 the Union army advanced, they were met by a volley of 
 artillery, and when Avithin about 500 yards of the enemy's 
 line the latter poured in a deadly stream of grape and 
 canister. The Twenty-second Iowa, with a yell, dashed 
 forward on the double-quick and gained a stone wall within 
 100 yards of the enemy, where they made a stand for an 
 hour. The Sixth Corps, which was at the left of the regi- 
 ment, began to fall back; and then, ais they were pursue<l 
 by the enemy in their retreat, the Twenty-second broke and 
 was forced back by the enemy. C.cneral Grover finally 
 succeeded in i*e-forming his men, and. charging the rebels, 
 drove them back at all points. 
 
 The action of the Twenty-second Iowa Infantry at the 
 battle of Winchester furnishes one of the most gallant and 
 intrepid exploits of the war. \Vniile the T^nion forces were 
 being pushed back, the regiment rallied under a withering 
 fire of the enemy and completely routed them. In this 
 great battle the Twenty-second Iowa lost 100 men. killed, 
 woundetl, and missing. 
 
126 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 On the 20th, after driving the rebels through Winchester 
 and on to Fisher's Hill, the rebels made a strong stand at 
 the latter place, and the pursuing Union column attacked 
 them on the 22d. The Twenty-second and Twenty-eighth 
 Iowa were ordered to attack the enemy's rifle-pits on the 
 heights in front of Fisher's Hill. They drove in the enemy's 
 skirmishers about 4 o'clock; then these two regiments, with 
 the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth New York, charged 
 on the enemy's line and drove it back at all points. In this 
 fight the regiment lost but 4 men. 
 
 It was now dark, but the Twenty-second Iowa and its 
 invincible fighting mate, the Eleventh Indiana, followed up 
 the retreating foe to Woodstock, a distance of 15 miles from 
 Fisher's Hill. All night long these two regiments kept up 
 a skirmishing fire on the retreating enemy, and succeeded 
 in capturing several hundred prisoners. While encounter- 
 ing the enemy's rear guard, the latter opened with a volley 
 of artillery and several of the regiment were killed. The 
 latter pomred in several volleys of musketry, when the 
 enemy broke in disorder. For several days the victorious 
 Union force harassed the retreating enemy, and then 
 occupied Harrisburg until the 6th of October. 
 
 Sheridan now fell back to Cedar Creek. Here the army 
 was disposed as follows: the Eighth Corps occupied the 
 left, resting on the north fork of the Shenandoah ; the Nine- 
 teenth Corps was placed in the center, and the Sixth Corps 
 on the extreme right ; the line forming a semicircle. On the 
 13th the enemy assaulted the Eighth and Nineteenth Corps' 
 pickets. The Twenty-second Iowa and the Thirteenth 
 Connecticut then assaulted the enemy, but the latter fell 
 back without responding. 
 
 During the night the enemy withdrew to the defense 
 of Fisher's Hill. On the morning of the 19th the Eighth 
 Corps was attacked by the enemy and driven from their 
 position, and to the rear of the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps. 
 
 The Twenty-second Iowa cut loose from the brigade 
 to save a battery, but when it had advanced to within 200 
 yards the rebels had taken the battery, and the regiment 
 fell back to the brigade. 
 
 The army then began to fall ba^ck towards Winchester, 
 when that familiar episode of the campaign occurred, in 
 which Sheridan met the retreating army, and, re-forming 
 the men, drove back the enemy, and, largely through 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 127 
 
 Grover's Nineteenth Corps, achieved a memorable victory. 
 The enemy were dnven through their camp and over Cedar 
 Creek, and thousands of their number were captured along 
 with their train of artillery, 
 
 Ln this engagement the regiment lost 77 men, killed, 
 wounded, and missing. 
 
 On the 20th the regiment was sent up the Blue Ridge, 
 over tiie trail of Early's retreat. The route was thickly 
 strewn with guns and accouterments. The regiment then 
 returned to camp at Cedar Creek until the 9th of November, 
 when it went into winter quarters at Winchester. 
 
 On emerging from winter quai'ters, the regiment went 
 by rail to Baltimore, and from thence by ocean steamer to 
 Savannah, Ga., where the regiment was mustered out. 
 
 At the battles of Winchester and Fisher's Hill there 
 were wounded in Company D: Joseph H. Holbrook, arm 
 and leg shot off; Wm. C. Wilson, both thighs severely in- 
 jured; Geo. Lefever, right foot injured; Jas. H. Van Pelt, 
 severely injured in head and leg. Henry C. Kritzer and 
 Clias. H. Stephenson were taken prisoners. 
 
 At Cedar Creek there were wounded in Company D 
 Samuel Byerly, wounded in abdomen mortally (since died) 
 James Moore, severely wounded in hip; W. W. Cook, badlv 
 wounded in hip. Sam'l K. Conley, Joel H. Webb, and 
 Calvin H. Bray were taken prisoners. 
 
 At Vicksburg there were killed in Company D: Corpo- 
 ral Nathaniel G. Teas, Jas. A. Eshom, Chester W. Farrar, 
 Ezra L. Anderson, Samuel Byerly, Abner Barnard, Elmer 
 Drummond, Hezekiah Drummoud, Jas. Lindsey, Geo. W. 
 Lefever, Geo. H. Miller, Geo. W. Maiden, John A. Robb, and 
 David H. Willey. The wounded in (3omj)any D were: Geo. 
 W. Buchanan, wounded slightly in the head ; Munsen L. Clem- 
 mons, wounded slightly in the thigh; Jacob D. Mock, 
 woundtMi slightly in the foot; C. T. McConnell, wounded 
 in the jaw'; Jacob S. Ray, wounded in chest and ann; Thos. 
 B. Tate, severely wounded in left anklc^; Ferdinand Wood, 
 slightly wounded in elbow. 
 
 Tn February, 18G3, while the regiment was marching 
 from White Plains, Mo., to Iron Mountain, it passed by a 
 squalid hut in the timber. Alex McOahan says it was the 
 most woebegone habitation he ever saw. The house con- 
 tained a man, his wife, and several small children; all were 
 nearly naked, and appeared half starved. The man's name 
 
128 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Avas Calvin Bray. He came to the fence and asked per- 
 mission to enlist. He stated tliat lie could not live any 
 longer where he was located, and that he might as well go 
 along with the regiment. He was taken into Company D, 
 and, after drawing bis first pay, sent it to his family and 
 had them removed to some point of safety. He went 
 through the war and was taken prisoner at Cedar Creek, 
 On his release he rejoined the regiment, and on the 5th of 
 April, 1865, died at St. Louis, of diarrhea. He was return- 
 ing north to meet his family at Rolla, Mo. 
 
nifiTORY OF MONROE C0(INTY, IOWA. 
 
 120 
 
 C, IS. 6i o. DEPOT, ALBIA, IOWA. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Railroads. 
 
 Monroe (.'ouuty has six laihoads traversinj? her do- 
 main — namely, the Chicago. lUirlington & Quincy Kail- 
 way, the Albia, Knoxville iS: Ues Moines Kaihvay (a l>ranch 
 of the C, B. & Q.), the Iowa Central, the Centerville, Moravia 
 iV: Albia Kaihvay, the Chieajio, Milwaukee & Si. Panl Hail 
 way, and the Wabash (now defunct). 
 
 IMans for securing railroads for Albia were projected 
 as early as 1805. when the Chicago^ liurlington & (iuiucy 
 Railway Company, or the IJurlington & Missouri Kaihvay 
 Company, as it was then called, ])r:)posed to extend their 
 line westward from Ottumwa to Albia and Chariton. 
 
 The company wanted Monroe and Lucas counties to 
 raise >i:i 00,000 to s<'cure the road, threatening to locale the 
 line through some other territory if that amount was not 
 guaranteed. 
 
 The people of ^fonroe County granted the right of way, 
 
 9 
 
130 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, WW A. 
 
 depot o-rounds at Albia, and took about |14,000 of the com- 
 pauy's stock, which was afterwards bought up by Perkins 
 and other officers of the company at from 15 cents to 20 cents 
 on the dollar. 
 
 The C, B. & Q. traverses the entire portion of Monroe 
 County from east to west, a distance of a little more than 27 
 miles, and its assessed valuation per mile, in 189(5, was 
 112,570, or a total value of |349,G47. 
 
 At about the same time that the C, B. & Q. Railroad 
 was secured to Monroe County, a scheme was put on foot to 
 secure a noi-th-and-south outlet by means of the Iowa Cen- 
 tral and the Northern Missouri roads, which latter had ex- 
 isted on paper for some years previous. 
 
 About flOO.OOO was subscribed to secure the Iowa 
 Central from the Mahaska County line down to Albia, its 
 southern terminus. The road was completed to Albia in 
 1871, and then the people of the county conceived a plan to 
 have a continuous line from the far North down to the Gulf 
 States, by reviving the plans for the construction of the 
 North Missouri Railroad, which had for a few years lain 
 dormant. 
 
 General Drake, of Center ville, proposed to build a road 
 from Center ville north to Albia, and thus connect the Iowa 
 Central with the M., I. & N., a road of which he was then 
 president, and which belonged to the Wabash System. He 
 assured the people of INIonroe County that the road would 
 be extended on to Des Moines in a year or more from the date 
 of its completion to Albia, if Monroe County would vote a 
 tax for its construction. This tax was to amount to the sum 
 of f 20,000; and about |0,000 additional was subscribed to 
 buy the right of way. The tax of |20,000 was levied in Mon- 
 roe and Troy townships, the people voted to be thus taxed, 
 and the road was built. 
 
 To forestall the scheme of the Wabash folks, the C, B. 
 & Q. constructed a spur from Albia to Moravia. They in- 
 tended to push the road to Centerville, and to some point 
 farther south; but when the Wabash people completed the 
 Centerville, Moravia & Albia Railway, the "Q." abandoned 
 the scheme and permitted their spur to terminate at Moravia. 
 This spur was to have been a continuation of the Albia, 
 Knoxville & Des Moines spur, just completed. 
 
 The contract for building the C, M. & A. Railroad was 
 let to Kennedy & Flemming, and work began in March, 1880. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. \^\ 
 
 On begiiminf; thoir work, Kennedy & Fleniniing morrgaged 
 the loiul-bed to the Faimei's' Loan and Trust ConipauA', of 
 New York, to secure a h)an of |4()0,0U0. Tlicse contractors 
 faik'd in 1880, with liabilities amounting to |12,000. Center- 
 ville people held most of the claims against the construction 
 company. The C, M. & A. Company was liable to the con- 
 struction company to the extent of its indebtedness, in the 
 sum of four or five thousand dollars. Kennedy refused to 
 pay his laborers, with the excuse that the measurements 
 were incorrect. General Drake proposed that a re-measure- 
 iiu'nt be made, and that Kennedy accompany the engineer. 
 This was agreed to, but that night Kennedy & Company 
 skipped for parts unknown. Many of Kennedy's creditors 
 were Monroe County farmers living along the route, who 
 had iMM'forraed labor and supplied provisions to the con- 
 struction company. It is also asserted that some of these 
 farmers made an arrangement with Kennedy & Company to 
 perform labor in payment of the tax which they voted to the 
 aid of the C, M, & A. Company, and that no credit was en- 
 tered in their favor when the tax was collected. 
 
 The M., I. & N. began running trains into Albia. in Au- 
 gust, 1880, but for several j^ears since its completion it did 
 !n>t tiourish. For several years it has only been operated be- 
 tween Albia and Ceuterville, having abandoned its track 
 between Albia and Harvey, its junctional point on the 
 Wabash. The road at present is operated in conjunction 
 with the Central, and, in addition to a good freight traffic, is 
 giving the public good passenger service, with two trains 
 each way daily. Its length in Monroe County is 11 miles, 
 and its assessed valuation per mile, in 1896, was |12,000, or the 
 total value of the road within Monroe County was fixed at 
 :$22,000. General Drake is president of the road, and Kussell 
 Sage, of New York, is vice-president. Sage is president of the 
 Iowa Central also. 
 
 The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy spur from Albia to 
 Moravia, herein referred to as being abandoned, ceased to 
 operate its line, a few years after its completicm, and it is 
 doubtful if th(^ road will ever be rehabilitated. For this 
 reas'^)n it and the defunct ^\'abash are not sliown on the map. 
 Tt was originally known as the ^loulton & Albia Railway, 
 and its length from Albia to Moravia is 14 miles. In 180r) its 
 assessed valuation p»M- mile was ^500. At present the road- 
 bed has reverted to the original property holders, over whose 
 lands the line lay. 
 
132 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 The abandoned Wabash track between Albia and Har- 
 vey, which is known in the railway directory as the Wabash, 
 Des Moines & St, Louis Railway, has 11 miles of track in 
 Monroe County, and its assessed valuation per mile is $2,500. 
 Its title has not yet lapsed by failure of the company to oper- 
 ate the line within the time fixed by law. 
 
 The Kansas City Division of the Chicago, Milwaukee & 
 St. Paul Railway traverses the southern portion of Monroe 
 County from east to west. It has 10 miles of track within 
 the county, which in 1896 was assessed at a valuation of 
 |4.00(> per mile. Tt fjasses within 9 miles of Albia, and at 
 Moravia it has transfer facilities with the C, M. & A. Rail- 
 way. It was built in the summer of 1886, and has a large 
 coal-carrying trade, besides good passenger traffic. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 133 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 The Press. 
 
 The clinrch, the school-house, and the local press may be 
 justly termed the "lioly trinity" under whose watchful eye 
 civilization is oradually lifted to a higher plane. While they 
 are of equal potency as civilizing ajjents, it is indeed strange 
 that the country newspapers should not be maintained by 
 the public, the same as the public school system. Instead of 
 these twin offspring sharing the same patrimony, the press, 
 like Ishmael. is an outcast from the parental bosom. 
 
 While the country publisher should be, and invariably 
 is, the best and smartest man in the community, he is per- 
 mitted to exist merely through sufferance. Nobody loves 
 him, and yet tlirough his paper he is expected to love every- 
 body. He is not regarded as a fellow-creature, liable to 
 error, or to the ])eriodical demand for alimentary sustenance. 
 He must be "without spot or wrinkle'' in the eyes of the ex- 
 acting iiublic. He is not an individual, but an ''institution." 
 His real worth is never realized until his form is locked in 
 the chaste form of death. Then his funeral is celebrated 
 with great festivity and pomp. The funeral procession is as 
 long as that of the wealthiest citizen in the village. His 
 rival ])ublisher writes a lengthy obituary notice, extolling 
 his many virtues, praising his worth as a citizen, father, 
 husband, and friend, and winds up with a peroration to the 
 effect that the loss to the community, of the late lamented, is 
 one which time cannot fully repair. To publish even a coun- 
 try newspaper requires a high degree of talent, which in any 
 other public channel would command a handsome salary, 
 but the unappreciative public is insensible of the sacrifice. 
 
 The tirst paper eslal)lished in Monroe County was called 
 the Alh'ia htdependnit Press. It was edited and ])ublished by 
 A. C. Barnes, the falhei' of the i)resent proprietor of the 
 Alhifi I iiion. The paj)er, which first made its a])p<'arance 
 October 10, 1S54, was indejiendent in its political views, as it 
 so stated. Yet it now and then exhibited a decided leaning 
 towards the new Abolitionist ])arty, which had not yet be- 
 gun to gather to itself much popularity. In the issue of the 
 Independent Press of September 20, 1855, the publisher has 
 this to say of slavery: 
 
134 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 "We have never deemed it our calling or duty to say 
 much about slavery, though we have ever regarded it as an 
 unavoidable evil to both master and slave, in the original 
 slave States. But if slavery had not been extended and was 
 not now being extended over the limits where it was when the 
 Union was formed, we would probably scarcely ever speak 
 or think of it, and we have hoped long since that its agita- 
 tion would cease. When it had nearly ceased, after the pas- 
 sage of the fugitive slave act, the patriots who had abhorred 
 some features of that act had smothered their feelings of 
 opposition and were quiet. Soon again pro-slavery men 
 opened afresh the agitation by their efforts to extend the 
 area of slavery. We did not object to the slave-owner with 
 a posse from a slave State taking the fugitive slave back, but 
 we do object to being made a party to assist him by com- 
 pulsory laws, and then again a party to assist in procuring 
 new slave territory, and not allowed to desist nor not al- 
 lowed to say one word on pain of being called an abolition- 
 ist, and charged with endangering the Union. Nor will we 
 consent to being gagged on any account. We would check 
 fanaticism on the subject of slavery as we would on every 
 other subject, and still preserve and defend the liberty of 
 speech and the rights of conscience." 
 
 In the same issue were the minutes of the Agricultural 
 Society. Jas. B. Turner, E. P. Cone, and John Phillips were 
 the committee to award premiums on ox-bows made within 
 the county; Robt. Saunders, E. M. Moore, and Jas. B. Turner 
 were the committee on jacks and mules; and Wm. Robinson, 
 Hillah Hayes, and Andrew Trussell the committee on stal- 
 lions and brood-mares. 
 
 There was also a paragraph giving a statement of the 
 electoral vote for President in the approaching election of 
 1S5G. The fifteen Southern States showed 120 votes, and the 
 Northern States 176 votes in the electoral college. 
 
 The Press hoisted the standard of Fremont and Dayton, 
 notwithstanding its former non-partisan professions, and in 
 the November election the county gave Erdmont 022 votes 
 and Buchanan 608. 
 
 In another issue is given the schedule rates for hauling, 
 as fixed by the Teamsters' Association of Albia, as follows: 
 
 River hauling, per hundred |1.5r 
 
 Hauling by the day 3.00 
 
 Hauling by the load, in town 30 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 135 
 
 Ilauliuji, from l^lielps' mill fO.75 
 
 Haiiliny from Uabbs' mill 50 
 
 llaulinp,- from Kaslc.v's mill 2.r)() 
 
 Hauliii«j from Saaj) Creek mill '{.OO 
 
 Hanlinu' from lii-emcn mill '2.'}{) 
 
 Haiilinu" frimi lilakesburji mill ^l.OO 
 
 llniiliiiji' lime from Jiidscm's 2.7.") 
 
 Another interesting <'ommnni(iilion to the Press of 
 July 1*, ISoC, is the report of the Democi-atic convention of 
 TrbaJia Townt;hip. Followinjj: is the report, rcrhatini: 
 
 "The meetinji: was orp;anize(l b\ callin«>- Lewis Arnold 
 to the chair, and II. B. Arnold acted as secretary. Our able 
 and indefati«iable prosecuting attorney, T, li, Terry, being 
 present, addressed the meeting in defense of Democratic 
 j)rinciples, lie spoke warmly. of the action of the Democracy' 
 at (Mncinnati, and congratulated the Democratic party upon 
 the nomination of such men as IJuchanan and Breckiiiridge. 
 His remarks were duly appreciated by all present. 
 
 "On motion, 15 delegates were appointed to attend the 
 convention at Albia; viz., (leorge Heading. M. S. Mc A lister, 
 (f. K. Halliday, C. O. Vancleve, Doster Noland, K. K. Stoops, 
 •las. ( roiKlman. W. T. Barnhill, Nimrod Martin. Jas. Mclntyre, 
 Joseph Cakhvell, John Hawk, Levi Herod, and Win. Dale. 
 
 "Ordered, that wliere delegates fail to attend, any dele- 
 gate of the township may act as a substitute, or the delegates 
 present to cast the full vote. 
 
 "On motion of Geo. K. Robinson, Esq., a committee of 
 five w<'re appointed to draft resolutions expressive of the 
 sense of the meeting. The chair appointed Geo. K. Robinson, 
 John Hawk, W. P. Wilson, R. li. Arnold, and Fountain Ken- 
 nedy said committee. 
 
 ''The committee reported the resolutions :is appended, 
 which were unanimously adopted. 
 
 "h'r.sohrd. That the proceedings of this meeting be pub- 
 lished in the Keokuk Weekly Times and the Alh'ui Tndepcndent 
 Press. 
 
 "ir//f777/\. The i)resent ]»olitical excitement and the 
 threatened dismemberment of oui- glorious confederacy de- 
 mand of every friend of constitutional liberty an open and 
 outspoken expression of si'utiments, expressive of the in- 
 terest felt in the ])erpetuatii>n and (extension of our incompar- 
 able institutions, and thoroughly convinced as we are. and 
 ever have been, of the truth and justice of tlie Democratic 
 cause — cherishing, as we have evci- done. an unwavciing faith 
 
136 niSTORT OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 in the honesty, integrity, and intelligence of the American 
 people — we have never entertained a doubt of the final 
 triumph and ultimate success of the principles of that party. 
 
 "Resolved, That we cordially endorse the action of the 
 Democratic national convention at CMncinnati — that we will 
 give 'a pull, a long pull, and a pull all together' for the nomi- 
 nees of that convention. 
 
 "Resolved, That in the persons of Jas. Buchanan and 
 John C. Breckinridge, of Kentucky, we have statesmen of 
 the highest order, tried and experienced in home and foreign 
 policy, gentlemen whose character cannot be reached by the 
 foul shafts of abolition calumny. 
 
 "Resolved, That we deprecate all attempts to agitate the 
 slavery question or any other sectional issue which tends to 
 alienate the affections of the people, and draw one section of 
 the people against the other. 
 
 "Resolved, That we approve most heartily the course of 
 our talented and energetic representatives in Congress, 
 Messrs. Jones and Hall, for so nobly sustaining Democratic 
 principles and securing to Iowa the grant of land to aid the 
 construction of her railroads; and Ave feel a sense of humilia- 
 tion at the conduct, speeches, and sentiments of Messrs. Har- 
 lan and company — exponents alike of the principle of 'Sam' 
 and 'Sambo.' 
 
 "Resolved, That we duly appreciate the motives of the 
 patriotic Clay and Webster Whigs, who, like Preston and 
 Marshall of Kentucky, Toombs and Stephens of Georgia, and 
 lienjamin of Louisiana, and others, have joined the Democ- 
 racy and are battling for those principles on which the 
 fathers of the Republic based our social fabric. 
 
 "Resolved, That we have no feeling of respect for those 
 who affiliate with that class of politicians who recognize a 
 'Mgher law' and who recommend as a code of morals, '^Sharp's 
 rifles and the resistance of law unto a bloody issue.' 
 
 "Resolred, That we* abide by the decision of the Albia 
 convention to be holden on the 5th of July, and hereby 
 pledge a hearty support to the nominees. Our motto is. 
 'Principles, not Men.' In the language of Buchanan, 'Men 
 are hut the creatures of a day. Principles are eternal.' 
 
 "The meeting adjourned, cherishing the belief that the 
 country and State would give handsome majorities for the 
 Democracy in August and November. 
 
 ''Lewis Arnold, Chairman. R. B. Arnold, Secretary. 
 
 "Avery, Monroe Co., June 28, 185fi." 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 137 
 
 The Independent Press then refutes a prevalent rumor 
 that John C. Fremont is a slave-owner, by [)ublishing some 
 (correspondence between Daniel F, Miller, the Whig member 
 of Congress from the First District, of which Monroe County 
 Avas then a i)art, and Horace Greeley. Miller writes to 
 (Ireeley stating tluit the Democrats were making the charge 
 that Fremont owned twenty-three slaves held in servitude 
 in the South. He re<iuests Greeley to ascertain from 
 Fremont whether the charge is true or not; and Greeley 
 replies in part as follows: 
 
 "Well, Friend Miller, — What would you have us do 
 in the premises? The report is false — an inexcusable, un- 
 mitigated lie — w^e have authority for so reporting it. * * 
 
 "Col. Fremont is not a slave-holder; but suppose he 
 were — what of it? Do not you and I recognize the right to 
 hold slaves in slave States? Have we not repeatedly voted 
 for slave-holders whom Ave knew to be right on the great 
 issues at stake? Is it not quite likely that we may do so 
 again? Read the letter of Adam Beatty published in your 
 last, and say whether you would not far sooner support 
 him for President, avowed slave-holder as he is, than any 
 'Dough-face' in America? Would you not rather vote for 
 Breckinridge than for Buchanan? * * * But suppose 
 you run this particular lie into the grouhd, you will have 
 accomplished nothing, while the spirit which prompted its 
 fabrication remains in existence. Next day you will be 
 told tliat Fremont is a Catholic; and, though this is as 
 false as the other, it will be easy for Hookem Snivey to assert 
 that Peter Snooks told him that he heard Fremont tell him 
 he was a Roman Catholic, or sav\- him attending mass, or 
 something to that effect. Will you waste a week running 
 down this lie also, and then where are you?" 
 
 Among the display "ads" is one which reads: 
 
 ''Heef Hides Wanted. — I will pay the highest price for 
 any dry and green hides deli v( red to my sho]> on the south 
 side of the Scjuare, Albia. P. Morgan." 
 
 ^lorgaji afterwards located in Des Moines, and built 
 the Moi-gan Hotel, for a long time the largest hotel in the 
 city. 
 
 Mr. Barnes, the publisher, was a most exeniphiry and 
 pious ge^ntleman, and had .such a i)articular abhorrenc*' to 
 profanity that he states in a i>aragraph that it shocks him 
 to hear boys swearing while playing on the streets. He 
 
138 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 concludes the paragraph by stating that it had been inti- 
 mated to him that his own boys were beginning to swear. 
 He assures the public that if there is any truth in the rumor, 
 he will be sincerely thankful for being informed of it, and 
 that he will not be offended. Evidently his friendis were a 
 little derelict in reporting any appearing tendencies towards 
 juvenile profanity in the case of little Alpheus, or, at least, 
 it would appear that the proper corrective had not been 
 interposed soon enough. 
 
 Mr. Barnes, in the issue of the Press of October 17, 1855, 
 administers a little fatherly advice to T. B. Perry touching 
 the evil of the young attorney's ways. He reproves him on 
 two counts: one wais for Mr. Perry's presumption in aspiring 
 to the county judgeship, and the other was for procuring 
 whisky ''at the doggery kept near Bremen, with which to 
 promote his interests in the campaign just prior to the 
 August election.'' The kind-hearted editor states that Mr. 
 Perry is still a young man, and that the opportunity is still 
 open for him to live down his youthful errors. He pardons 
 his offense, but expresfses the fear that the young man is on 
 the downward road. This thrust had been provoked by Mr. 
 Perry having alluded to Mr. Barnes as a "Know-Nothing" 
 in a speech at a big Democratic rally at Albia. 
 
 Mr, Barnes t-onducted the Press until the 17th of June, 
 1857, when it suspended. 
 
 The Weekly Albia Rcpuhlican made its appearance 
 November 5, 1857, under the management of W, W, Barnes, 
 a son of the pioneer journalist and a senior brother of A. R. 
 Barnes, the present proprietor of the Alhia Union, and C, E, 
 Topping, After running four months, Topping went to 
 Michigan to visit his relatives and obtain funds to pay for 
 his interest in the paper. He never returned; and Stephen 
 R, Barnes bought the interest of his brother W. W., and 
 published the sheet until 1859, when he sold the paper to 
 Josiah T. Young and T, B, Gray, Young called the paper 
 the Monroe County Sentinel. 
 
 The Repuhliean was uncompromising in its opposition 
 to the extension of human slavery. It made vehement 
 assaults on Buchanan and his tardiness or inaction with 
 regard to checking the rapidly advancing crisis of 1860-61, 
 In one issue the ])ublisher calls upon Congress to impeach 
 Buchanan, 
 
 The Sentinel, under the management of Messrs, Young 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. I39 
 
 and Gray, was Doiuocratic in politics. Mr. Young at that 
 time wiis a staimch .snpivorter of Stei)lien A. Douglas. 
 
 The Svtitincl, iu criticising Governor Kirkwood's in- 
 augural address, makes some disparaging comments on the 
 Governor's recommendation that a memorial be presented 
 to (^ongress praying for the enactment of a homestead law. 
 
 The editor of the -SV/f/JncZ "touches up" his contemporary, 
 the publisher of the Iihi<h\ and a Republican, by the caustic 
 accusation that the latter openly and unblushingly de- 
 nounces the fugitive slave law, and holds that a citizen 
 of the North is under no moral or legal obligation to report 
 or intercept runaway negroes frcmi the South. In speaking 
 further of this startling i)ropaganda, the Sentinel man tells 
 his readers that it is whispered that there are several men 
 in Monroe County who entertain similar views. 
 
 In the issue of the Sentinel of Uecember 8, 1860. Eli 
 Ue Tar gushes forth in a poetic strain. The poem is entitled 
 "Montgomery Taken at Last." At the end of the poem the 
 poet somewhat mars the rapture of the song by a sordid 
 allusion to himself and the "Big Brick": 
 
 '•Remember the place in the Bij? Brick, 
 Where I '11 sell cheap for cash. 
 But never on ticli!" 
 
 In the Sentinel of May 2'), 18G1, is a leading editorial, 
 called forth by threats of niobbing the Sentinel office. The 
 publisher protests his loyalty to the Union, and points out 
 the grave conse<iuences liable to ensue in case the Sentinel 
 office or its publishers should be molested by a mob. Mr. 
 Young by tliis time had retired from the paper as editor, 
 although he still owned it. 
 
 In another issu.e is published the proceedings of the 
 I'rbana Township Democracy iu a meeting assembled to 
 discu.s.s the war (juestion. The sense of the meeting was 
 that the only feasible plan of settling the momentous 
 question was by ])eaeeful diplomacy; civil war was unjusti- 
 fiable and inimical \o constitutional liberty as established 
 by our forefathers, etc. While the iK>sition taken by the 
 DenuHiacy of I'rbana Township at the time may have been 
 located on the extreme limit of the border line between 
 pro- and anti-slavei-y, their jMjblic meetings and utterances 
 do iw)t indicate an approval or indorsement of the secession 
 movement then assuming form in the Southern States. Tliev 
 
140 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, WW A. 
 
 did not believe it was right for the South to withdraw from 
 the Union, and at the same time they felt that it was usur- 
 pation of power for the North to hold the South in bonds of 
 union against its wishes. In short, the Democratic party 
 of 1860-61 persisted in their entreaties to persuade the South 
 to stay in, if possible; but if not, then the Lincoln adminis- 
 tration at Waishington should not hinder their withdrawal 
 hy force of arms. 
 
 Later on, the sentiments of the publishers of the Sentinel 
 (J. T. Young and J. H. Denslow, the latter having taken 
 Mr. Gray's place) seem to gradually modify in behalf of the 
 expedient of suppressing the Kebellion by force of arms. In 
 the issue of the Sentinel of September 28, 1861, the paper 
 says, in an editorial : 
 
 "It is necessary to fight for the country, and the hotter 
 the war the sooner peace. We have been, and are yet, in 
 favor of using all proper means for the restoration of the 
 Union and preservation of all our rights under the Consti- 
 tution, but would much rather that we could get along with- 
 out a bloody war. But the fortunes of war are upon us, 
 and fight ice mustr 
 
 The Sentinel, however, in commenting on a prevalent 
 rumor that the President and Cabinet had taken under 
 advisement the question of acknowledging the Southern 
 Confederacy, makes this remark: "Under existing circum- 
 stances, this is the best thing the new Administration can 
 do towards settling our difficulties peaceably." 
 
 The columns of the Sentinel from 1860 to 1861 are 
 largely taken up with reports of meetings called to discuss 
 the war topic. They are termed "Union meetings," and 
 were participated in by men of all parties. Fort Sumter 
 had been fired upon. Most of those in the North who had 
 hitherto hoped for a peaceful adjustment of the dispute, 
 and who had bitterly censured the President and his 
 Cabinet, now united on common grounds with those who 
 had espoused the cause of the North from the start. At one 
 of these meetings, April 27, 1861, the following resolutions 
 were adopted : 
 
 ^'Resolved, That it becomes all good and loyal citizens 
 lo stand b}' the stars and stripes and defend our glorious 
 Hnion against internal rebellion or other invasion. 
 
 "Resolved, That any man in our midst who in any way 
 
niSTORT OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 141 
 
 (Micouragos or supjwrts secessiou or rebellion, or gives aid 
 and comfort thereto, is a traitor and should be dealt with 
 as siu'h. "T. B. Perry. 
 
 "T. B. Graij:' 
 
 Hon. JOSlAll 
 
 Jl Si Alb Ul- low A. 
 
 It was during Mr. Young's connection with the Sentinel 
 that an editorial appeared in its columns assuring Governor 
 Pickens, of South Carolina, whose State had lately adopted 
 
142 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 a secession ordinance, that if the North attempted to apply 
 coercive measures towards the Southern States threatening 
 secession, a fire in the rear would roll up from the North 
 to harass the invading Northern army on its march, down 
 to the scene of conflict. This utterance became known as 
 his "fire-in-the-rear speech," and in later years, wlien his 
 political views had become completely changed by his ex- 
 perience and observation as a Union soldier, the allusion 
 to the expression bore with it a toucli of humor. 
 
 This ''fire-in-the-rear" utterance is commonly con- 
 founded with a letter whicli he wrote to Governor Pickens, 
 of South Carolina, at about the time that State was 
 deliberating on the question of going out of the Union; 
 but, as will be seen from a perusal of the letter itself, no 
 such expression occurs. 
 
 Mr. Young was a Democrat, and tlie tenor of his letter 
 to Governor Pickens was not unlike that of hundreds of 
 other Democrats within the county at that time. 
 
 Not long after, Mr. Young enlisted in the Union army; 
 he made a good soldier, and endured the hardships of a 
 squalid prison-pen at Tyler, Texas. Whatever may have 
 been his position at one time concerning the issues of the 
 war, there was no ampler testimony of a citizen's loyalty 
 and devotion to the cause of human liberty than that shown 
 by the Union soldier who carried his musket at his side by 
 day and slept upon it by night. 
 
 The following is Mr. Young's letter to Governor Pickens, 
 copied verbatim : 
 
 "Albia, Iowa, Jan. 14, 1861. 
 "To His Excellency, Gov. Pickens, Charleston, 8. C: 
 
 '•Sir, — It is with feelings that I cannot describe, that 
 impress me at the present moment, that I undertake to pen 
 an epistle to you. 
 
 'Tardon me for addressing you, but I feel such an 
 anxiety for the safety and perpetuity of our common country 
 and her institutions that I cannot keep silent. The first 
 thing I wish to mention is, that not all the men in the North 
 who voted for Mr. Lincoln are abolitionists. Quite a num- 
 ber of persons within my own knowledge voted the Republi- 
 can ticket because of their great dislike to the Administra- 
 tion at Washington. They wished a change of men at the 
 head of affairs, at the same time never dreaming that by so 
 voting they were helping to precipitate the nation into civil 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 143 
 
 tomniotiou and confusion. Others voted for Mr. Lincoln be- 
 cause of the free-farm plank in his platform, not caring 
 whether slavery was voted up or down. 
 
 "So far, I have been talking only of those who have voted 
 the Kepublican ticket. It is proper to say that in the 3'oung 
 and thriving t^tate of Iowa there were at the last election 
 nearly sixty thousand votes cast in o])[»osition to the sec- 
 tional views and narrow, contracted ideas of the Lincoln 
 l>arty. In 1113- opinion, there are at present more than sixty 
 thousand men in the State wiio, if the election should be held 
 to-moiTow. would vote a conservative ticket as opposed to 
 fanaticism. 
 
 "The above statements being facts, is it fair for South 
 Carolina and other States to break up the Union? Is it 
 fair for us to pass ordinances of secession — destroy this 
 government, the best ever made by human hands, and leave 
 thousands of true and loyal citizens in the old deserted edi- 
 fice — citizens always true to the Union, and all the rights of 
 ever}' section of the country, who have stood by the old ship 
 of State through sunshine and through storm? 
 
 '^You are, my dear sir, taking the right tack to make 
 enemies of those who were 3'our friends. You do not offer 
 the poor boon offered by the angels to Lot in Sodom. You do 
 not give us a chance to escape from the thralldom of Aboli- 
 tion, for you desert us in Congress, at a time when the pres- 
 ence of your representatives is absolutely necessary to pre- 
 vent our enemies from carrying on their measure so destruc- 
 tive to the peace, happiness, and future well-being of the 
 whole country. Thousands and tens of thousands of the peo- 
 ple of the North are the friends of the South — have con- 
 tended for their rights in the common territories; for the 
 execution of the fugitive slave law as it is; for the right of the 
 slave-holders to hold their negroes as property in the slave 
 States; for the right of the owner to carry his slave from one 
 State to another, passing through a free State without dan- 
 ger of losing his i)roperty. Slmll these friends of yours, who 
 have adhered to your fortunes, and to the Constitution and 
 laws, now be deserted by you and left to tight on amid the 
 bewildering gloom that now enshrouds our erstwhile happy 
 country? No! you will not leave us; you will seek redress 
 of all grievances in the Union under the Constituticm. There 
 are more conservative men in the North, your friends, than 
 there are of you, all told. Yet you proj)ose to render us pow- 
 
144 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 ei'less in action for good, by your secession movement. 
 Secession! Secession!! There is no such thing as peaceable 
 secession, and the scenes already being enacted by your 
 State and by the Government at Washington prove the 
 assertion. If you i^ersist in your course, you will destroy 
 yourselves and us too. You will engulf us in the terrible 
 maelstrom of civil war; widen the breach now already open; 
 compel those who are otherwise your friends to take part 
 against you. 
 
 *'Tho wise master-builder counts the cost of the edifice 
 before building. The sage ruler, contemplating war with a 
 neighboring nation, sits down and calculates the number of 
 men and the amount of money necessary to carry it on. 
 Have you estimated the value of the advantages you propose 
 to enjoy out of the Union, over and above those which are in 
 it? T entreat you, as you love your country and mankind, to 
 consider well the course you are taking — a course that will 
 plunge the nation into bloody war and destroy, for this age 
 at least, the hopes of the friends of Christianity and Peace, 
 also of Civilization and Progress, of Commerce and Agri- 
 culture. 
 
 "O that the Being who controls the destiny of nations 
 would intervene and spare our people and prosper us as He 
 has hitherto done! Yours very respectfully, 
 
 "J. T. Young." 
 
 The Sentinel suspended on the 2d of November, 1861. 
 
 The Jeffersonian Blade was a'contemporarj^ of the Senti- 
 nel, and was Republican in politics. It was established Janu- 
 ary 26, I860, by James Noff singer. In May, 1861, Noff singer 
 retired, and Geo. Hickenlooper and Aaron Melick assumed 
 the management. 
 
 The Blade of August 14, 1860, gives rather a graphic 
 pen-picture of Henry Clay Dean, who addressed the people of 
 Monroe County that week: 
 
 '"The first argument the speaker presented was his great 
 toe, about the size and color of an old-fashioned toad. It 
 stuck out of his sock about a foot, and was very much ad- 
 mired by the ladies. We should have stated that the speaker 
 commenced his speech by preparing to go to bed — that is, 
 luiuled off all his duds — but his shirt and breeches. 
 
 "The next argument inti'oduced by Mr. Dean was this: 
 'If you want a discussion, bring on your man; I will make 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 145 
 
 him feel as happy as he can be in the flesh. I will skin him 
 and hang him up to rot!' " 
 
 It would appear that pioneer life was not without its 
 social festivities. The Blade publishes a card from A. C. 
 Haines, announcing that he would serve watermelons at his 
 home two and one-half miles east of Albia, on Friday after- 
 noon of the 24th instant, at 4 o'clock. All who could not 
 come on that date were requested to come on the following 
 Tuesday afternoon. 
 
 The Blade of October 15, 18G1, announces to its patrons 
 that in consequence of one of its publishers (Mr. Melick) hav- 
 ing gone to low a City for a few days' visit with friends and 
 relatives, there would "be no paper next w'eek." 
 
 The Blade ceased to exist October 15, 1861, and up from 
 its ashes, phcenix like, rose the AlhiaWeekhj (ras^e^fe, published 
 by Melick and Young. In January, 18G2, Melick retired and 
 Mr. Young ran the paper until the following April, when he 
 laid down his pen and took up his musket in defense of the 
 Tnion, and in the years that followed his political senti- 
 ments were changed and his party faith rechristened by the 
 "baptism of Are." 
 
 The Weekly Albia Union, the well-known Republican 
 organ of Monroe County of to-day, was established by Mat- 
 thew A. Robb, May 20, 1862. The sheet then, as now, was 
 Republican in politics. 
 
 The columns of the Union during the war period were 
 tilled chiefly with war news from the front. No other topic 
 was of interest to the people. The soldier boys wrote letters 
 home for publication, from the scenes of hostility. The tele- 
 graphic wires were charged day and night with reports of the 
 movements of the armies. Mothers watched the papers 
 eagerly for the list of "killed and wounded," or to read the 
 "latest telegraphic new s." 
 
 The Union of March 26, 1863, contains an editorial con 
 cerning an organization known as the "Golden ('ircle," an 
 alleged organization composed of rebel sympathizers. Fol- 
 lowing is the article: 
 
 "Any society formed for the overthrow of this Govern- 
 ment can have but a temporary existence. Such associa- 
 tions may do us much harm and materially embarrass the de- 
 signs of government, but they never can permanently resist 
 its power and effectually sui)plant it. The Knights of the 
 Golden Circle exist here, and in most of the townships 
 
146 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 throughout the county, but nobody fears them except as they 
 do the midnight assassin or the torch of the incendiary. 
 Whatever of evil they will ever accomplish, at most, cannot 
 go far beyond the destruction of a small amount of private 
 property and the secret assassination of a few individuals. 
 Even this would be a melancholy state of affairs, but no one 
 would deem such disasters equal to the great calamity which 
 must befall us if this Government is destroyed. The leaders 
 of the Copperhead Democracy pretend to be ignorant of any 
 such associations, and deny that they have any knowledge 
 oi their existence, but the}' cannot cover up and conceal the 
 monster deformity and loathsome organization by any such 
 mild pretense.'' 
 
 While the name was familiar to every one, the existence 
 in Monroe County of such an organization was probably a 
 myth. In the first place, those identified with the movement 
 would have been apprehended by the loyal citizens of the 
 county, and, under the high tension of excitement existing 
 at the time, would have been roughly dealt with. Public 
 sentiment was so wrought up that it is quite probable that 
 if anj' secret movement had been undertaken, to furnish aid 
 and comfort to the South, the promoters of the movement 
 would have been apprehended and lynched. The public 
 brain was heated to madness, and in the blindness of intense 
 partisan feeling many of these acrimonious charges made by 
 the respective political parties against each other had no 
 real foundation. 
 
 The ''Golden Circle" was a real organization in some 
 parts of the North and it may be true, and indeed quite likely, 
 that it had its agents at work throughout the country, but in 
 thinly settled localities like Monroe County, where most peo- 
 ple were loyal to the Government, it would have been impos- 
 sible for the emissaries of the "Golden Circle" to have estab- 
 lished a working foothold. It is stated on reliable authority 
 that an organization of this kind existed at Blakesburg, just 
 over the county line in W^apello County. The term was used 
 more as a malediction against the more active and partisan 
 Democrats of the county than anything else, as nearly every 
 noted Democrat was branded as a Knight of the Golden 
 Circle. 
 
 The rnion of March 3, 18G4, contains a letter written by 
 Rev. Jacob Wyrick, of Monroe County, to Jacob Hittle, a 
 soldier of the Thirty-sixth Iowa Infantry, stationed with his 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. U7 
 
 regiment near Little Rock. As the letter discusses the sub- 
 ject of human slavery from a scriptural standpoint, we copy 
 it just as it appeared in the I nio)i. The reverend gentle- 
 man's orthography is decidely unique, and we forbear to 
 attempt to reconstruct it. 
 
 ''Monroe County Iowa, Dec. 13, 1863. 
 
 "Dear brother, — I take my pen in liand to let you now 
 that I am well at the present and all of my family and yours 
 was also well last Monday'. I was tliare and saw all of them, 
 and we talked of you, and I red the speach that you sent 
 home, part of that speach is good w'hen he gives it to all 
 the high ofMcers, I think that he tells the truth but when he 
 attempts to justify the linkion prolamation and amansipation 
 then he leaves the truth and the law of god for him and all 
 the mansipations cant read in gods word and justify it, 
 if they can I want them to turn down a lief and gave me the 
 chapter and verse so that I may read it too for I say it cant 
 Be found only by them that says that Sprinklinge of Baybies 
 is baptism will you please read the 13 and 14 chapters of 
 pauls letter to the romans here You see he commands no 
 man to be a Judge of another mans servants of his own 
 master and now we thousands put themselves up as Judges 
 of another mans servants of his own master O may god 
 help me to turn from disobedience to serve the only and 
 true god by obedience to his lawes. 
 
 "Thence turn with me to the chapter of eflSsians and 
 5 verse and hear you tinde that thay are commanded to 
 obey thare masters and if these abolishen can sho me that 
 it is the word of god that telles us that it is rong to rule 
 over them we will be Able to show them that the lord 
 conterdicts himself but I as a man say that no man can do 
 it, thence turn with me to the -4 chapter of Collassians and 
 fir.s,t verse and here you sea that the lord through the apostle 
 eommanded the masters to give to thare servants that wich 
 was just and equal now if it was rong as the abolishens say 
 then the lord would have sed set him free but remember 
 well that no man can sho that and turn down the liefs whare 
 the spirits sed so. thence turn w ith me and read the sixth 
 chapter of the first timothy and hear the lord speak to 
 many servants to count thare own masters worthy of all 
 oner so if god sayes thay are worthy of all oner why do 
 <iault and all other abolishen say that it is no oner may god 
 spare them for denying his word is my prayer for them all. 
 
148 HISTORY OF MOM ROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 make! and debby and all the famil3^ is well I want you Both 
 to receive my love and remember me until death I pray that 
 you may get back home safe Brother it does seam strange 
 to me to read your solem letters and read in them that 
 you desire the struggle to go on and hear that you voted 
 for stone when he is aposed to peace on any termes untill 
 the last visage of slavery is wiped out. o brother why will 
 men vote for the cause that will keep them from thare 
 wives and children and vote for the dagger to be pushed 
 on that pearces ther one hartes. I want you to show this 
 letter to all the abolishen and tell them to anser me I pray 
 for you and I want you to pray for me I am yours truly 
 
 ''Jacob Wyricky 
 
 On the 7th of August, 1862, Mr. Robb retired from the 
 Union; he enlisted in the Twenty-second Iowa Infantry, 
 and was killed at Vicksburg. M, V. Brown bought the 
 sheet, and Geo, W. Yocum did the editorial work. In 1863 
 G. W. and B. F, Yocum became editors and proprietors. In 
 1865 Val Mendal purchased this plant, and five years later 
 he took C. M. Clapp in with him as editor and partner. 
 When Mr. Clapp retired, in 1872, C. L. Nelson took editorial 
 charge and did all of the editorial work, Mr. Mendal being 
 the sole owner of the paper. 
 
 In 1882 Tom Hutchinson succeeded Mr. Nelson as 
 editor for a short time, and on October 5th of the same 
 year Mr. Mendal sold the paper to Hon. J. T. Young and son. 
 These gentlemen conducted the paper until April 17, 1884, 
 when ex-Lieutenant-Governor M. M. Walden bought the 
 concern, Mr. Walden had Congressianal aspirations at the 
 time, and did not assume active management of the paper. 
 Mr, Young continued as the editorial writer, and Frank 
 Hickenlooper acted as local editor for a time. 
 
 On March 4, 1886, Walden sold the paper to Alpheus B. 
 Barnes, who has been the sole editor and proprietor up to 
 the present time. INIr. Barnes has been at the helm for the 
 greatest length of time of any of the Vnion's former pro- 
 prietors. He is assisted quite efficiently by his son Horace, 
 a young man of strict integrity and of considerable promise, 
 well calculated to take up the cudgel in behalf of the public 
 welfare and good government whenever age shall require 
 the senior member to lay it down. 
 
 Mr. Barnes has his paper located in a handsome and 
 well-equipped brick building on the southeast comer of the 
 
UlUTORY Of MOMiVE VOUNTY. IOWA. 149 
 
 Square, and owns the block as well as the newspaper plant. 
 He is a veteran in journalism, and will doubtless die in the 
 harness, a natural death. Uis bold and aggressive methods 
 of conducting a paper have w'on for him some enemies, which 
 would be an inevitable consequence with anyone conducting 
 a high-mettled sheet for so long a time. Whatever may 
 be said of Mr. Barnes' qualiticaiions as a journalist, he has 
 a wide circle of staunch supporters, and is a high-minded 
 gentleman, was a brave and loyal soldier, and is the head 
 of one of the best and most highly esteemed families in the 
 {State, 
 
 The Albia Republic was a Democratic paper, started by 
 
 A. C. IJailey in August, ISG8. It existed for about a year, 
 when the plant was purchased by Messrs. Ragsdale and 
 Hills. The liepublic was a fair and faithful exponent of 
 the Democratic doctrine, and might have established itself 
 permanently had it not been that the Democratic support 
 within the county at that time was very meager. 
 
 Kagsdale and Hills converted the concern into a Kepub- 
 lican paper, under the name of The ISpirit of the Went. The 
 sheet made its lirst appearance December 1, ISGD. In 1870 
 Hills withdrew, and one E. Ji. Woodward took his place. 
 In June of the same year Woodward was succeeded by C. 
 McConnell, and in October of the same year a man named 
 Brown succeeded McConnell. In April, 1871, 1. JS. Carpenter 
 and C. C. Berger bought the paper, and in the siuue year 
 
 B. F. Yocum succeeded Mr. Berger. In 1872 Yocum retired 
 and left the concern solely to Carpenter. In 1872 Ben F. 
 Elbert identitied himself with Carpenter, and James Haynes 
 became editor. January 10, 1874, J. C. I'eacock ^: Company 
 bought the plant and ran it six weeks, and then sold it to 
 W. U. McConnell •& Company, who removed it to Kearney, 
 Nebraska. The publication led a checkered existence from 
 first to last; not so much from incapacity on the pai't of its 
 managers as from the fact that the local held could not 
 support two Kepublican papers, and it was impossible for 
 The Spirit of the West to gain a permanent foothold where 
 the Albia ( nion held the patronage. 
 
 In 1874 the Reform Weekly Leader made its aitpearance 
 under the management of I'orte \Velsli. The sheet was very 
 rambling in its political tenets, and did not espouse any 
 party cause in particular while under the management of 
 Mr. Welsh. It was one of that class of so called independent 
 
150 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 newspapers which float around in a sea of ethereal thought, 
 and exalted but impracticable social theories, yet ready, like 
 the barnacle, to attach itself to whatever it may come in 
 contact with. It was published simultaneously at Albia 
 and Oskaloosa. On April IS, 1874, R. Tell Coffman bought 
 the Albia concern, and J, M. Humphrey acted as associate 
 editor. It finally, in 1874, espoused the cause of the Demo- 
 cratic party, but early in 1875 it collapsed. 
 
 The Albia Reporter was the next newcomer in Monroe 
 County journalism. It was established by Gr. N. Udell and 
 G. C. Miller, April 10, 1875, and professed to be independent 
 in politics, but soon enlisted under the banner of Horace 
 Greeley and the Liberal-Democrat movement of that year. 
 It did not run longer than a few months. 
 
 The next paper to attempt to attain the ''north pole" 
 of journalistic success in Monroe County was the Industrial 
 Era, which made its appearance in 1875. F. A. Mann 
 leased the plant from Geo. C. Fry, of Batavia, Jefferson 
 County, Iowa, who had conducted it as a Grange organ. 
 Mann converted it into a Greenback paper, and ran it until 
 August 14, 1879, when he retired and his place was taken 
 by Geo. Tucker, of Albia, who ran it for four months in the 
 interest of the Greenback party. D. M. Clark, of Wayne 
 County, was running for State senator that fall, on the 
 fusion ticket, and Monroe County was carried by that 
 gentleman, largely through Mr. Tucker's efforts. 
 
 In the latter part of 1879 Geo. Stamm leased the Era 
 and continued it as a Greenback organ until May, 1882, when 
 he retired. His paper made a strong fight to secure the 
 enactment of the Iowa prohibitory amendment, which was 
 voted upon by the people of the State on June 27, 1882. 
 
 The Albia Era, as it had been named by Stamm, was 
 now leased from its owner, Mr. Fry, by Henry J. Bell, a 
 brilliant young student and ardent advocate of Federal fiat 
 money. Mr. Bell conducted the paper about a year, and was 
 succeeded by H. E. Davis, of Bloomfleld. Davis staid with 
 the Era a short time, and finally Mr. Foster, the well-known 
 weather prophet, succeeded as publisher. The paper ex- 
 pired and was never resurrected when Foster let go of it. 
 The Era was never a success financially. 
 
 E. O. Davis, at about this time, established The Opinion, 
 a sheet in the interest of the Union Labor party, but it died 
 down in a few months. Wallace Miner had charge of it for 
 a short time. The paper was a failure financially. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 151 
 
 In 1876 O. H. \\'ootl established The Plaindealer at 
 Melrose. The followin<f year it was transferred to Albia 
 and conducted as a temperance paper. It tinally became a 
 Democratic orjian, but in 187S it collajtsed. A short time 
 afterwards Tom Leonard revived the sheet as a Democratic 
 orj^an. 
 
 fJohn Doner, in 1879, took charge of the plant and 
 started the Alhia Democrat, runnin*;- it about three years. 
 Som(' time later, aft( r the paper had become defunct, Hon. 
 T. U. Terry, and perhaps other leading Democrats in the 
 county, rec()gnizing the necessity of a party organ in the 
 county, bought the plant, and placed its management in 
 the hands of Messrs. Weber and Howard. These gentlemen 
 built the concern up into a thrifty party organ. Mr. Weber 
 was the most adroit and active party manager the Democrats 
 have ever had in ]\Ionroe County. He proved to be a Moses 
 to lead them out of political bondage. By his efforts the 
 county was cairied by his party; and under Mr. Cleveland's 
 first term of the I'residency he was given the Albia post- 
 ottice. Mr. Howard, his partner, attended to the local and 
 mechanical departments, and besides being a first-rate 
 printer, was a talented writer, especially in a light, humorous 
 vein. Both gentlemen are now located in Utah. 
 
 In ISUO they sold out to W. E. Cherry, a gamey young- 
 newspaper man from the western part of the State. Mr. 
 Cherry conducted the paper as a Democratic organ until 
 181)4, when it was purchased by D. K. Michener, who in 1895 
 sold it to Campbell Brothers. These gentlemen did not 
 succeed with it, and later in the year Frank Morris acquired 
 an interest in the Democrat. 
 
 Early in The spring oi the present year (189G) H. M. 
 Jielvel and H. J I. Crensliaw. both of Des Moines, bought the 
 Democrat, and are now j>ublishing it. Mr. lielvel is a news- 
 paper man of more than ordinary literary ability, and spends 
 part of his time in Des Moines editing a syndicate letter, 
 which is supplied to about seventy-five Democratic weeklies 
 throughout Iowa. He is high-strung and aggressive in the 
 enunciation of his party creed. He is the newspaper corre- 
 sp<mdent whom Senator Finn, of Bedford, chastised some 
 years ago at the Capitol at Des Moines f(H- iMiblishiug sonic 
 malodorous statement concerning the lattei-. 
 
 In 1889 Messrs. Mcndt'l and Nelson, b;>th well-known 
 veterans in local j(Mirnalism, launched th«» Alhia Herald, a 
 
152 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. TOW A. 
 
 Republican paper. They ran it a few weeks and then sold 
 it to a Mr. Crider, who continued it for about a year as a 
 Republican sheet, when it succumbed through a lack of 
 patronage. 
 
 The concern was well managed, but it was impossible 
 for it to establish itself in the territory of so formidable a 
 rival as the Union, whose right of priority seemed to be so 
 well recognized by the public that it felt indifferent to the 
 welfare of flie newcomer. 
 
 When Mr. Crider abandoned the Herald, Hal Holesclaw 
 and Mark Sylvester took hold of the plant and started a 
 small independent daily, called the AlUa News. It lived 
 only about three weeks, and then collapsed. 
 
 In 1890 M. M. Hinton established the Monroe County 
 Progress in the town of Lovilia. It was conducted as an 
 independent paper, but disclosed a slight tendency towards 
 the Populist party. 
 
 In 1891 Messrs. Gass and Swayne started a Populist 
 organ at Albia, called The People's Defender, and in 1892 
 Mr. Hinton brought his plant to Albia and consolidated it 
 with the Defender, the organ thus united taking the name of 
 The Progress-Defender. It is the official organ of the Popu- 
 lists of the county. Mr. Hinton is its sole publisher and 
 proprietor. 
 
 The Ai&ia Republican was launched at Albia, October 
 24, 1894, by the Whittaker Brothers, a pair of journalistic 
 hustlers from Oklahoma Territory. It started as a Republi- 
 can paper, but was an advocate of the free and unlimited 
 coinage of silver, a position which the Populists and major 
 portion of the Democratic party espoused in 1895 and 1896. 
 Finding that these views did not meet the endorsement of 
 the Republican party, the manager soon ceased the cham- 
 pionship of free silver, apparently without any qualms of 
 conscience. 
 
 In July, 1896, the Whittakers sold the paper to Val 
 Mendel and a gentleman named Sebille, from Bedford, Iowa. 
 These gentlemen are now managing the sheet, endeavoring 
 to place it on a paying basis. It is issued both daily and 
 weekly, and is a nice, clean sheet. 
 
 When the Whittakers sold the sheet, Charles, one of 
 the lii-m, located in California, and is now publishing a 
 small paper, called The Olive Branch, at the town of 
 Cucamonga. Harry, the other brother, remained at Albia 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 153 
 
 a few weeks, and, becoming involved in a social scandal, 
 left for parts unknown, leaving his wife behind. 
 
 \\'hile the Whittakers had control of the Repuhlican, 
 they made a vigorous effort to secure the county printing. 
 Wagons and bicycles were awarded to the person securing 
 the greatest number of subscribers to their paper. The 
 Board of Supervisors, on the face of the sworn subscription- 
 list of the three local paj)ers, awarded the county printing 
 to be placed with the Protjress-Defender and Republican. The 
 Albia i nion contested the award, and carried it into the 
 District Court for trial. The jury failed to agree, and a 
 new trial is now pending. 
 
 The L'nion alleged that several hundred of the Republi- 
 can's certified yearly subscribers were not bona fide, as 
 they were 25-cent subscribers. The Republicaii's list 
 exceeded that of the I nion by several hundred, and this 
 excess, the Union alleged, was made up of 25-cent sub- 
 scribers. The Union also alleges fraud. There w^as but 
 little doubt that the Republican's subscription list was made 
 up largely of 25-cent subscriptions, and whether these should 
 be recognized as bona fide yearly subscriptions is a problem 
 for the courts to decide. 
 
 In addition to the secular press of the county, the 
 Messenger Publishing Company of Albia have lately started 
 a small weekly in quarto form, going by the name of The 
 Messenger. Its statf of publishers consists of L. J. Harring- 
 ton, office editor; E. G. Powers, associate editor; and F. K. 
 Morris, business manager. The publication is devoted 
 exclusively to religious topics, and is an exponent of the 
 motlern doctrine of "holiness," or entire sanctification. 
 
154 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 County Government. 
 
 When the county was first organized, it was under the 
 triumvirate of three officers, known as the Board of County 
 Commissioners. Their duties were restricted mainly to the 
 organizing of townships within the county, the laying out of 
 town plats,, the location of public highways, the levying of 
 taxes, the canvass of election returns, and the auditing of 
 public claims and accounts. Their duties were identical 
 with those of the Board of Supervisors of the present day. 
 Their tax levies were not burdensome, as will be seen by the 
 action of their meeting of August 20, 1848: 
 
 "Ordered, That there be levied a tax of 5 mills upon all 
 the taxable property of Kishkekosh County; a tax of ^ mill 
 for Territorial purposes, subject to the order of the Legisla- 
 ture of the Territory, and also a poll-tax of 50 cents upon 
 every male person in the county subject to a poll-tax." 
 
 W. G. Clark was the first man to be elected to a public 
 office in the county. He was elected justice of the peace in 
 August, 1844. 
 
 Following is a list of County Commissioners given in 
 the order of their election from 1845 to 1851, when their 
 office was discontinued: Joseph McMullen, Jas. S. Bradley, 
 Moses H. Clark, Jeremiah Miller, clerk; Wm. McBride, An- 
 dew Elswisk, Smith Judson, Dudley C. Barber, clerk; 
 Andrew Elswick, Wm. McBride, Geo. R. Holliday, Smith 
 Judsou. Geo. Holliday, John Clark, Geo. R. Holliday, John 
 Clark, and Lewis Arnold. Geo. W. Piper was clerk from 
 1849 to 185L 
 
 From 1851 to 1861 the county was under the rule of an 
 autocracy, consisting of a single officer, called the Count}' 
 Judge. Those who served as County Judges were D. A. 
 Richardson and James Hilton. In 1855 J. N. Massey was 
 elected to the office, but it was decided that he was ineligible 
 to the office, owing to the fact that when elected he held the 
 office of School-fund Commissioner. John Phillips was his 
 opponent, and as he Avas also incumbered with a Federal 
 office, being postmaster at Albia, the office was declared 
 vacant, and Judge Richardson held over. The case was con- 
 tested by John Webb, and Judge Richardson, Lewis Arnold 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 155 
 
 and Hillah Hayes constituted the tribunal to try the case. 
 They held tliat the office was vacant. 
 
 It was during rludge Milton's term that the consti'uction 
 of Monroe County's present court-house was begun. There 
 was considerable opposition to its construction at the time, 
 and especially to its location in the town park, which did not 
 comprise a part of the town plat set apart for public build- 
 ings. Judge Hilton, howe^■er, bluntly ordered the structure 
 built in the centei- of the park, and the order was obeyed. 
 
 THK MONROE COUNTY COURT-HOUSK. 
 
 The Sentinel, at the time, stated that two designs of 
 architecture were submitted, and that the design chosen by 
 Judge Hilton was the worse of the two, being after the 
 architecture of the Tud(us. In later years it seems that 
 none of the county's citizens have ever refused to become an 
 occupant of the building on account of the alleged medieval 
 style of architecture. The average ollice-seeker does not 
 seem to care whether the style of the building is Ionic, Doric, 
 Tuscan or medieval, so long as he gets a cliance to occui>y 
 the buildiner. 
 
156 HISTORY OP MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 In 1861 the office of County Judge was abolished by an 
 act of the Legislature, and another Supervisor system 
 adopted. It consisted of one member from each of the twelve 
 townships. 
 
 Those who served as members from 1861 to 1871, when 
 the plan was further changed so that the number of mem- 
 bers was restricted to three, as at the present time, were as 
 follows, serving in the order of their enumeration: 
 
 1861: J. M. Richardson, William Mercer, Sebastian 
 Streeter, Warren L. Rail, D. J. Prayther, John Kirby, John 
 Clark, John McFarland, Hiram Hough, W. G. Clark, W. A. 
 Lamaster, John Hayes. 
 
 1862: R. W. Moss, C. L. Osburn, H. Hough, J. McFar- 
 land, Wm. Mercer, Samuel Richmond, D. J. Prayther, 
 Michael Campbell, John Clark, T. C. Crouch, W. A. Lamaster, 
 J. R. Stock. 
 
 1863: R. W. Moss, Joseph Robb, C. C. Osburn, Lot 
 King, Henry Freeland, M. Campbell, John Clark, W. F. 
 Wallcer, Hiram Hough, T. C. Crouch, W. A. Lamaster, el. 
 R. Stock. 
 
 1864 Wareham G. Clark, R. W. Moss, Joseph Robb, 
 C. C. Osburn, Lot King, H. Freeland, W. B. Hill, W. A. 
 Dean, G. W. (xammond, W. A. Lamaster,, J. R. Stock, W. F. 
 Walker. 
 
 1865 : Washington Atkins, H, Fullerton, C. C. Osburn, 
 R. M. Tliompson, W. H. H. Lind, W. B. Hill. W. A. Dean, J. 
 L. Anderson, S. G. Finney, W. G. Clark, W. A. Lamaster, J. 
 R. Stock. 
 
 1866: W. V. Beedle. H. Fullerton, T. H. Duncan, R. M. 
 ^J^hompsou, W. H. H. Lind, L. McGuirk, W. A. Dean, J. L. 
 Anderson, S. G. Finney, O. P. Rowles, W. A. Lamaster, J. R. 
 Hurford. 
 
 1867 : W. V, Beedle, S. Wyckoff, T. H. Duncan, D. Cross, 
 Wm. Kelsey, L. McGuirk, John Clark, J. McCormick, S. G. 
 Finney, O. P. Rowles, W. A. Lamaster, J. R. Hurford. 
 
 1868: J. R. Hurford, Wm. Kelsey, G. W. Grass, S. 
 Wyckotf, R. A. Hewitt, D. Cross, L. McGuirk, John Clark, J. 
 McCormick, S. G. Finney, Jas. Hilton, W. A. Lamaster. 
 
 1869: Lewis Henninger, H. R. Teller, J. Findlay, Jr., 
 J. S. Hogeland, Wm. Jenkins, L. McGuirk, W. R. Ross, 
 Samuel Bain, S. (t. Finney, Jas. Hilton,, W. A. Lamaster, J. 
 R. Hurford. 
 
 1870: Lewis Henninger, H. R. Teller, J. Findlay, Jr., 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 157 
 
 .1. y. Hojieland. Wm. Jenkins, L. MeGiiirk, W. K. Ross, 
 Samuel liain, O. ^W Reading, W. D. Kinser, W. A. Laniaster. 
 ^^ G. Kemper. 
 
 The membeis of the present system were : 
 
 1871 
 1872 
 1873 
 1874 
 1875 
 1876 
 1877 
 1878 
 1879 
 1880 
 1881 
 1882 
 1883 
 1884 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 
 ninjr. 
 
 1888: 
 
 Rerrv. 
 1880: 
 
 Tiahart. 
 1800: 
 
 Canninp:. 
 1801 : 
 
 CanninL'. 
 1802: 
 
 La hart. 
 1803: 
 1804: 
 1 805 : 
 1806 : 
 
 H. R. Teller, P. T. Lambert, and C. A. :\lill( r. 
 Jolui Clark, H. R. Teller, and C. A. MiUer. 
 John Clark, C. A. Miller, and Wm. Hardy. 
 John Clark, J. B. Bell, and H. L. Vosburg. 
 John Clark, IT. L. Vosbur^, and Wm. Mercer. 
 John Clark, H. L. Vosburg, and Joseph Nichol. 
 John Clark, Joseph Kiehol, and T. B. O'Bryan. 
 Joseph Nichol, Val Fuller, and T. B. O'Bryan. 
 Val Fuller, T. B. O'Bryan, and David Hammond. 
 Val Fuller, J. R. Hurd, and Thos. O'Bryan. 
 J. R. Hurd, Thos. O'Bryan, and David Hammond. 
 J. R. Hurd, David Hammond, and Geo. Kerr. 
 J. R. Hurd. Thos. O'Bryan, and Wm. Mercer. 
 y\\ A. Koontz, Thos. O'Bryan, and J. B. Castner. 
 Herman Snow, Thos. O'Bryan, and J. B. Castner. 
 J. B. Castner, John Walsh, and Herman Snow. 
 John Walsh, Herman Snow, and Edward Can 
 
 John Walsh, Edward Canning", and Henry 
 
 Edward Canning:, Henry Berry, and William 
 
 Henry Berry, William Lahart. and Edward 
 
 AYilliam Lahart, Henry Berry, and Edward 
 
 Edward Canning, Henrv Berrv, and William 
 
 Henry Berry, ^\'illialll T>ahart, and (Jeo. L. Robb. 
 Geo. L. Robb, Elmer Thayer, and Wm. Lahart. 
 Geo. L. Robb, Elmer Thayer, and J. C. Currier. 
 Elmer Thayer. J. C. Currier, and Wm. Davis. 
 ^Ii". T\(M'r died soon after eleclion. and Wm. ^Nferccr was 
 elected to fill the vacancy. 
 
 Sheriffs. 
 John Clark. 1845: Ezra T. Coen, 1847: D. Durall, 1851: 
 Willis Arnold, 1853; John M. Porter, 1855; E. R. Rockwell, 
 1857; Rilev Wescoatt, 1850; E. P. Coen, 1861; A. J. McDon- 
 ald, 1865; J. M. Robb, 1871 : Sam'l F. :Millcr, 1877. 
 
158 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 When the Monroe County Bank went down, October 11, 
 1882, Sheriff ]\[iller was involved in the affair in some man- 
 ner, and resigned the office of Sheriff. The County Board of 
 Supervisors appointed Martin Clever to fill the unexpired 
 portion of his term up to the time for holding the general 
 election, when P. L. Hoskins was elected for the remainder 
 of the vacant term. 
 
 J. p. LAMBE;rsON, Bx-Sheriff of Monroe County. 
 
 John M. Menan was elected in 1884, but was incom- 
 petent to fill the office and resigned. The County Board ap- 
 pointed W. W. O'Bryan to fill the vacancy up to election, and 
 J. W. Lewis was elected to fill the remaining portion of the 
 vacancy. 
 
 L. T. Kiohmond served one term, in 188G; C. M. Forest 
 then served two terms, and J. P. Lamberson served two 
 terms. 
 
 The next is the present incumbent, Captain John Doner, 
 who was elected in November, 1895, on the Populist ticket. 
 He was elected in the face of a heavy Republican majority in 
 the county, given to other nominees. 
 
 Probate Judges. 
 The office of Probate Judge was consolidated with that 
 of County Judge, when the County Commissioner system 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 159 
 
 was abandoned. After this clumge bad taken idace, there 
 were three Judges elected. The entire list of these Judges 
 was: ^V. G. Clark, 1845; Geo. AV. Reading, 1847; W. P. 
 Hammond, 1862; A. A. Mason, 1803; Geo. Hickenlooper, 
 180(5. 
 
 Tlie emoluments of the office were not quite so dis- 
 tinguished as those which attach to the title of a judge of 
 I he present day, but each official contrived to cling to the 
 title, and for all intents and purposes it is just as good a 
 title socially as if prefixed to the name of a member of the 
 Supreme Court. 
 
 Clerks of the District Court. 
 Jas. Hilton, 1845; Jonas Wescoatt, 1848; Jacob Webb, 
 1850; S. E. L. Moore, 1854; Sam'l Buchanan, 1850; W. E. 
 Neville, 1858; Henry Miller, 1800; Josiah T. Young. 1807; 
 John W. H. Griffin, 1873; Henry McCahan, 1890. 
 
 Circuit Judge. 
 Henry L. Dashiell held the office of Circuit Judge from 
 ISOO to 187.^.. 
 
 County Auditor. 
 On the suspension of the office of Probate Judge, in 1808, 
 the office of Auditor was created to take its place. Geo. 
 Hickenlooper, who Nvas Probate Judge when the Auditor's 
 office was created, performed the Auditor's duties for one 
 year; Samuel T. Craig then held the office until December 
 30, 1877; John W. Moss succeeded to the office in 1878; 
 Edward A. Canning, 1883; A. J. Cassaday, 1885; J. W. Van 
 Gilder, 1887; John R. Clark, 1892; B. P. Castner. 1894 to 
 1890. 
 
 Treasurer. 
 T. G. Templet (m, 1845; C. W. Anderson, 184(); Jolui 
 Webb, 18.-5; D. A. Noble. 1850: John M. Wils(m, 1800; John 
 R. Duncan, 1802; Harrison Hickenlooinn-, 1800; John R. 
 May, 1870; Harrison Hickenlooper, 1874; Edward ^IcDon- 
 ald", 1870; John W. Moss, 1880; David Hammond, 1885; 
 John C. Coffman, 1889; John M. Af. Roberts, 1895-0. 
 
 Recorder. 
 Tn 1805 Ihf offict' of R(M'ord«'r was created. I'rior to that 
 tim«' the functions of the Recorder were performed by the 
 
160 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 Treasurer, John R. Duncan, who was Treasurer when the 
 change was made, held the office of Recorder until 1867, when 
 Jas. Coen was elected in that year; Calvin Barnard, 1869; 
 J. R. Castle, 1875; C. W. I'rindle, 1878; PJd. I. Ramsay. 1880; 
 Boyd Miller, 1887; Ed. I. Ramsay, 1891; John Morrissey, 
 1894; Robt.Clapp, 1896. 
 
 Wm. E- elder, Ex-Superintendent of Schools of Monroe Coi^ntv. 
 
 ScJiool Superintendent. 
 Samuel Adams, 1855; E. M. Bills, 1856; J. W. H. Griffin, 
 1865; W. A. Nichol, 1869; Thos. Kellv, 1872; A. J. Cassa- 
 day, 1875; Wm. E. Elder, 1879; H."^J. Bell, 1881; D. W. 
 NeA'ins, 1890; A. J. Henderson, 1894; Mrs. Angle Reit- 
 zel. 1896. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. Igl 
 
 County Attorney. 
 
 In 180G the otfice of the County Attorney was created. 
 Prior to that time the Proseciitinji: Attorney's jurisdiction 
 was coextensive with that of the judicial district, but it was 
 found expedient to institute a change, owing to tlie increase 
 of ollicial duties devolving on the district prosecutor. 
 
 Those who have occupied the position in Monroe County 
 are: Ed. Morrison, 1887; Fred Townsend, 1891; N. E. 
 Kendall, 1896. 
 
 Coroner. 
 The office of Coroner in the earlier period of Monroe 
 County's history was rather an intermittent one. Some 
 times an officer was elected, and at other times the place was 
 vacant, in which latter case the SherilT was supposed to at- 
 tend to any duties pertaining to the holding of inquests. 
 Some of those who have served as Coroner were: John 
 Webb, Dr. Moist\s Cousins. Cas]>er Dull, Jacob Webb, W^m. 
 Webb, Maurice O'Connell, and Dr. Cray, the present in- 
 cumbent. 
 
 Monroe County in the General Assembly. 
 
 Monroe County was represented in the vState Senate by 
 J as. Davis, Barney Royston, H. E. Hendershot, D. Ander- 
 son. Warren S. Dungan, W, C, Shippen, E. M. Bills, Martin 
 Read, A. C. Reck, 11. L. Dashiell, A. A. Ramsay, Dr. Cassatt, 
 and T. B. Perry, the present Senator, elected from the Mon- 
 roe-Clarion district 
 
 Fn the House by Chas. Anderson, Wm, M, Allison, N. P>. 
 Preston, Henrv Allen, M. A. Goodfellow, Samuel Gossage, 
 John Reitzel, L. O. Haskell, O. P. Rowles, John Clark, H. L. 
 Dashiell, A. A. Ramsav, B. F. Elbert, Jas. Hilton, L. O. 
 Fraskell. A ^\. Giltner. R. AV. Duncan, J. M. Robb, Jas. Hoge- 
 land. A. A. ]?amsay, J. C. R<>binson, Austin Jay, and D. H. 
 Scott. ' ■ 
 
 Monroe County Ayricultural Society. 
 
 Tn a financial sense, the Monroe County Agricultural 
 Society never i»ros]tered. 
 
 The siwiety was organized in 18;j'i, and the otticers were 
 Joseph Sherod, president: Wm. Robinson, vice president ; 
 V. K. Read, secretary. 
 
 In 1858 Elisha Hollingshead was made president; and 
 Lewis Arnold, John Castle, Sr., W. W. Fall, E. P. Cone, 
 
162 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Michael Lower, J. W. Boyd, Andrew Lamaster, Gordon 
 Pike, John Walker, D, Gladson, W. H. H. Lind, and Jon- 
 athan Hancock were made vice presidents, P. T. Lambert 
 was corresponding secretary and J. M. Humphrey recording 
 secretary; John Clark was elected treasurer. 
 
 In 1886 the society reorganized as a corporate body, 
 so as to receive the annual fund appropriated by the State 
 to the agricultural societies of the various counties in the 
 State. 
 
 Hon. AUSTIN JAY, Ex REPRESENTAxn e of Monroe County. 
 
 In 1885 or 1886 the Society ceased to hold its annual 
 fairs and since then the organization has dissolved as a 
 corporate body. The grounds on which the fairs were held, 
 situated about a mile northeast of Albia, are now owned by 
 Mr. Geo. Walton, and the inclosing wall has nearly all 
 fallen down. The first county fairs were held in Mock's 
 addition to the city of Albia, just north of Dr. Gutch's 
 present residence. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. ]63 
 
 The Alhia Post-Office. 
 
 As iu all other cities and towns on the face of the earth, 
 where there is a postal system, the Albia post-office has 
 been a bone of contention on every change of administration. 
 It is the highest persimmon growing on the local tree of 
 party patronage, and he who wields the longest partisan 
 pole invariably knocks off the coveted fruit. Usage and 
 the finesse of political party management have established 
 a sort of ''order of succession" governing the aspirant's 
 heirship to the post-office. 
 
 The "heir apparent" is in most cases the publisher of the 
 administration party organ of the town or county in which 
 the post-office is situated. He is not only supposed to have 
 the "pull" on the Congressman of the district, but is usually 
 the chairman of the county central committee — the fountain- 
 head from which source all advantages in the contest flow. 
 The chairman of the county committee makes the recom- 
 mendation to the State committee chairman, or to the mem- 
 ber of Congress, and if the county chairman wants the post- 
 office — which he invariably does — he recommends himself, 
 if he is a shrewd diplomat. There is only one rule in the 
 game under which this move can be check-mated. If the 
 publisher of the paper has no office, and wants the post- 
 office — which he invariably does — the central committee 
 man cannot place himself in check with the publisher by 
 recommending himself. The "divine rights" of these two 
 individuals are vested in the equity of rewarding the news- 
 paper man for the martyrdom he has suffered in behalf of 
 his party, and in the case of the committee man, for his 
 faithful stewardship as a party worker. 
 
 Thus it is that the office is seldom bestowed on a citizen 
 on the basis of genuine merit and business capacity. This 
 is why the impracticable plan of electing the postmaster by 
 popular vote is so often urged. 
 
 The next step towards securing the post-office is to start 
 a man around with a petition to secure the names of persons 
 who are supposed to be desirous of haAing the applicant 
 appointed. The petition states in the start that the ''under- 
 signed subscribers'' are of that party persuasion to which 
 the administration adheres, and it never omits to wind up 
 with the assurance that for the speedy appointment of the 
 candidate "we. the undersigned, will ever pray." These 
 "prayers," which are rolled in upon the Postmaster-General, 
 
164 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 are scarcely ever heard at the appointing functionary's 
 throne of grace, and the work of securing the signatures is 
 usually a useless effort. 
 
 Dudley C. Barber was the first postmaster at Albia. 
 He held the office until 1849; John Marck held until 1851; 
 John Phillips until 1801; Wm. Collins until 1865; Jas. H. 
 Morris until 1866; Thos. G. Craig held the office for about 
 three months, but was superseded by Mr, Morris, who again 
 held the office until he was succeeded by Val Mendel in 
 1877. In 1882 J. P. EaTly succeeded Mendel, and held the 
 office until 1886. A. J. Weber, of the Alhia Democrat, wa§ 
 appointed by the Cleveland administration, and after some 
 months' delay in the Senate in securing the confirmation of 
 his appointment, he took the office and conducted it until 
 1888, when he resigned on the election of Harrison to the 
 Presidency. 
 
 A. R. Barnes was ajjpointed to the place under Harri- 
 son's administration, and served nearly four years, when he 
 was bounced for "intense j)artisanship," by the next Cleve- 
 land administration, a few months before his commission 
 had expired. 
 
 In 1881, when President Garfield was assassinated, and 
 Chester A. Arthur was sworn in as President, J. P. Early 
 became an aspirant for the Albia post-office, then being 
 held by Val Mendel, who was appointed at the beginning of 
 Hayes' term of office. M. E. Cutts, the member of Congress 
 from the Sixth District, declined to use his influence in 
 behalf of either part}^ — at least, it was so understood. Mr. 
 Mendel, however, went to Washington and learned, as he 
 states, that Mr. Cutts never presented his petitions and 
 endorsements to the Department. He accused Mr. Cutts 
 of secretly furthering the interests of Mr. Early. He ac- 
 cused Hon. B. F. Elbert with the commission of all th(i 
 alleged trickery resorted to in securing the appointment of 
 Early. 
 
 Charges of fraud were bandied back and forth from 
 one aspirant to the other, but the general public took little 
 interest in the matter, and cared still less which man got 
 the office. Both were popular men in the county, and each 
 represented a distinct faction of the Republican party in 
 the county. 
 
 In this connection it may not be out of place to note the 
 lack of unity of the Republican party in INIonroe County, 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 165 
 
 wliich has existed for some years, and which exists at the 
 present day. Sometimes this spirit of dissension is so 
 bitter that it has more tlian once proven the instrument of 
 ltrin<iin<i- defeat to the party. 
 
 On the beginning of Mr. Harrison's term of the Tresi- 
 deney, Mr, Early and A. R. Barnes were aspirants for the 
 post-olTice. Botli men secured a formidable list of sub- 
 scribers to their respective petitions. The contest waxed 
 si> warm that ^Ir. Lacey, the UKMuber of Congress from the 
 Sixth nistiiet, declined to discriminate in behalf of either 
 contestant, and tinally settled the dispute by visiting Albia 
 and inducing the interested parties to toss up a coin to end 
 the contest. They tossed, and Mr. Barnes won the place. 
 To alleviate Mr. P^arly's probable disappointment, Mr. Lacey 
 secured for him a Federal appointment as a special land 
 agent in the West. He resigned the place some time later. 
 
 This latter contest has promoted some discord in the 
 Kepublican ranks in the county, which continues to the 
 present time, and will no doubt be revived and heightened 
 should a Kepublican President be elected next November, 
 calling forth the a]>pointment of another postmaster for 
 Albia. Mr, Barnes, it is understood, is already in the 
 field, anticipating the election of Mr. McKinley to the 
 Bresidencv. 
 
166 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTT, IOWA. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 Banks and Bank Failures. 
 
 During the early 'OOs N. W. Brown, D. Steele, and his 
 brother H. K. Steele established a bank of deposit at Albia. 
 The concern did a general banking business under the old 
 Iowa State banking statute. Brown was president, D. 
 Steele treasurer, and H. K. Steele cashier. The practical 
 management of the concern, however, seems to have been 
 under the cashier. 
 
 In 1870 the funds on deposit iu the bank disappeared 
 and H. K. Steele left for parts unknown. The funds on 
 deposit were chiefly the small savings of private individuals, 
 and the amount aggregated about |25,000. Nearly every- 
 body who had acciunulated a little surplus money had 
 placed it in this bank, and when the concern went down, 
 there was great excitement. 
 
 Israel Mills, one of the largest depositors, went in pur- 
 suit of Steele, and arrested him at Cincinnati, Ohio, and 
 brought him back to Albia. Here Mr. Steele promised his 
 creditors that he would disgorge the embezzled funds. 
 Some of his creditors arranged with his custodian, Mr. Mills, 
 that the prisoner be driven to the court-room, where negotia- 
 tions looking towards a settlement were to be arranged. 
 Steele feigned sickness, but he was loaded into a sled and 
 started for the court-house, but while emerging on the 
 Square the sled was boarded by a crowd of creditors and 
 the entire party was driven rapidly out of town. Mr. Mills, 
 who had Steele in custody, was forcibly ejected from the 
 sled. The sleighing party drove to the residence of Thomas 
 Brandon, in Franklin Township, but, being pursued by 
 Sheriff McDonald and posse, pushed farther to the south- 
 west and entered Wayne County. 
 
 Steele made some satisfactory verbal promises to his 
 custodians, and he was brought back to the custody of Mr. 
 Mills. He then went back on his promises, and finally was 
 arraigned on a charge of perjury and obtaining money under 
 false pretenses. 
 
 He was never punished for his crimes. The people 
 never recovered their money, and Mr. Steele spent the 
 remainder of his days in Albia. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 167 
 
 Mr. Steele laid tlie blame on the president of the bank, 
 and pi'obabl}' on this account escaped conviction. The 
 bank president, iu turn, shifted the responsibility on Wag- 
 staff & Company, bankers, of New York, It was a clever 
 piece of thievery, and Mr. Steele never succeeded in living 
 down the calumny which clung to liis name. 
 
 A part of the embezzled funds belonged to one or 
 more of the churches. He made no discrimination, but 
 seized every cent he could get his hands on, and held it to 
 the last, even at the risk of being lynched by an outraged 
 c(»mmunity. 
 
 The next bank failure occurred in 1883. The Monroe 
 ('ounty Bank, which was established at Albia on March 15, 
 1875, by T. S. Tharp & Company as a joint stock company, 
 was instituted on a solid basis, so far as the financial 
 backing of its stockholders was concerned. It was not 
 begun as an incorpoiated banking institution under the 
 State bjuiking laws. Its correspondents were Geo. Opdyke 
 & Company, New York, and the First National Bank of 
 (Jhieago. Its stockholders were T. S. Tharp, D. M. Miller, 
 Lewis Miller, W. INI. Tharp, Jas. Elder, Zadoc Chedister, 
 P'red Seifert, N. E. Hendrix, John Thompson, J. B. Bell, L. 
 S. Chedister, Nelson Gillespie, B. P. Tharp, Cyrus Kerr, J. 
 B. Turner, A. M. Andrews, Clendenin Boggs, Geo. P. Cramer, 
 H. Hickenlooper, Robt. Simpson, Geo. Kerr, Martin Clever, 
 .7. A. Edwards, J. M. Kicliardson, Parmenus Tuttle, Dr. J. 
 H. Kussell, B. Fritz, T. E. Bower, Dr. T. H. Elder, Monroe 
 Miller, M. R. Miller, J. Baldauf & Companv, and Henry 
 Miller. 
 
 Various changes were made iu its management from 
 time to time. T. S. Thar]) retired from the concern before 
 its fall. At about the time of its dissolution Lewis Miller 
 was president, -lohn (J!lemons vice-president, and Dan'l M. 
 Miller cashier. Lewis Miller, .lohn E. Carhart, D. Miller, 
 Zadoc Chedister, John Clemons, -J. D. Shields, L. O. Haskell, 
 (Jyrus Kerr and Matthew Elder were its board of directors. 
 
 The bank claimed a capital stack of f5(),000, and a sur- 
 ]>lus of ^10,000 just j)rior to its collapse. 
 
 The board of directors was com])Osed of men who had 
 no knowledge of bauking uiethods, and it was an easy uiatter 
 for the cashier, Mr. Miller, to so juggle the books that the 
 board of directors did not suspect any croc'iedness. The 
 directors had implicit confidence in Mr. Miller's honesty and 
 
168 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 competency, and probably never took the pains to make a 
 close scrutiny into the affairs of the bank,. 
 
 In December, 1882, Edward A. Temple was appointed 
 receiver of the bank, the concern in the meantime having 
 made an assignment in favor of J. A. P^d wards. In April, 
 1S88, Mr, Temple made to the District Conrt the following: 
 
 KECKIVEK'S REPORT. 
 
 LiahlHtles. 
 
 (Jlaims tiled with receiver to April 1, 181)8 |190,014 SO 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Cash collected by assignee |2,591 02 
 
 Cash collected by receiver 2,307 44 
 
 |4,898 40 
 
 Bills receivable |53,555 88 
 
 Less probable loss on same 45,097 00 
 
 18,458 88 
 Less collections 4,898 4G 
 
 Leaving available bills receivable 3,560 42 
 
 Ft. Scott and Gulf Ky, stock estimated at 80 cents . 800 00 
 Amounts available for dividends and expenses. . 9,258 88 
 Bills receivable held as collateral (a large portion 
 
 of which is held to be forged paper) 24,889 00 
 
 Overdrafts (mostly against certiticates of deposit 
 
 held by creditors) 9,307 30 
 
 Bank buildings and fixtures at cost |12,500 
 
 Less incumbrance, say 8,500 
 
 4,000 00 
 
 Other real estate |10,000 
 
 Less say 7,000 
 
 3,000 00 
 
 100 shares mining stock, Co. stock — no value. 
 
 80 shares A,, K, & D, R, R. stock — no value. 
 
 Bills receivable, but which, according to the 
 books, have never been paid, but missing 
 from the assets of the bank 33,421 84 
 
 Total assets $50,455 18 
 
 Deficit $139,589 71 
 
nrSTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 169 
 
 In the foui- years and nine months of the bank's existence 
 it appears that it lost over |ir),0()0; notwithstanding this loss, 
 the concern declared dividends and createtl a surplus fund. 
 There was actually a shortage in the cashier's accounts, 
 after allowing for all credits, still unaccountable for, to the 
 amount of |1(;:?,025.29. \\hile the books of the bank showed 
 the assets in bills receivable lo be about |7-t,0()0, and the 
 liabilities on certiticates of de]»i)sit to be only about |i.'!(>,t)0O, 
 the real facis were that the assests were only about |14,()0(>, 
 and the liabilities on certificates of deposit to be about 
 :if 142.0(H). As additional liabilities, there were bills payable, 
 sold, and cash received to the amount of |27,500, of Avhich 
 there was no entry on the books of the bank. The books 
 of the bank showed that the ctishier had paid out, up to 
 October 11, 1882, the sum of |4,129.52 more cash than be 
 had received up to that date. He evidently failed in many 
 instances to give credit where cash was received. 
 
 Tlie condition of the bank was found to be in such a 
 tangled condition that it is impossible to give a detailed 
 statement of the wreck, within this limited space. The 
 story is one of mismanagement and gross corruption. It 
 is a story of forgery and embezzlement committed by the 
 cashier without the knowledge of the other officers of the 
 bank. 
 
 Mr. Miller, the cashier, was arrested, convicted of em- 
 bezzlement, forgery, and fraud, and sentenced to seven years 
 at hard labor in the penitentiary at Fort Madison, Iowa, 
 He served out his term, less the usual time commuted for 
 good behavior. At one time he was one of the most popular 
 men in Monroe County, and save his complicity in the bank 
 alfair, led a strictly moral and upright life, so far as gener- 
 ally known. Since his release from the penitentiary he has 
 resided in Kan.sas. 
 
 The First National Bank ofAlbia is the oldest bank now 
 doing business in Monroe Count}', and for many years has 
 transacted probably three-fourths of tlie banking business 
 of the {'ounty. It was staited January 7, 1871, by J. H. 
 Drake as president, and K. F. Elbert as cashier. The board 
 of directors consisted of .John A. Drake, John H. Drake. An- 
 drew^ Trussell. John B. Lockman, B. F. Elbert T. 8. Tharp, 
 Job P. Jay. It began with a capital stock of f 50,000, and has 
 always weathered through periods of financial unrest with- 
 out anv embarrassment. 
 
170 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 In 1885 B, F. Elbert retired from the bank as cashier, 
 and was succeeded by Thos. D. Lockman, who for ten years 
 previous had beeii with the bank, as assistant cashier. Mr, 
 Lockman still discharges the duties of cashier, and is assisted 
 by Mr. Koy Alford. 
 
 The institution at present has a surplus fund of |30,000, 
 and its non-interest-bearing deposits exceed |150,000. A 
 large majority of the stock remains in the Drake family, 
 where it has existed since the creation of the bank. 
 
 A sh3rt time after the failure of the Monroe County 
 Bank, the Albia National Bank was established in Albia on 
 the northwest corner of the Square,, where the First National 
 Jiank is located at present. Wm. Bradley, of Centerville, 
 Iowa, was president of the concern, Captain W. F. Vermil- 
 lion vice-president, and J. K. Hays cashier. It was a sound 
 and well-conducted institution, but it never prospered. The 
 local patronage was not sufficient to maintain two banks, 
 and in three or four years the enterprise was abandoned. 
 
 The Albia State Bank was established at Albia, March 
 20, 1891, by Judge 11. H. Trimble, of Davis County, Iowa, and 
 Senator T. B. Perry, with an authorized capital stock of 
 150,000. S. W. Pennington, a son-in-law of Mr. Perry, has, 
 from its beginning, acted as cashier. The institution, while 
 enjoying a fair degree of prosperity, does not transact a large 
 volume of evei'y-day routine business. The concern is never 
 without an abundance of funds, and its management is safe 
 and reliable. 
 
 Thos. Brandon for many yeai's has conducted a local 
 banking business at Melrose, Iowa, on a limited scale. His 
 banking operations are chiefly restricted to exchange, loans, 
 and discounts. The concern is on a sound financial footing, 
 and is of great advantage to the town. 
 
 Trussell & Eslinger, at Foster, Iowa, act as an auxiliary 
 of the First National Bank of Albia in the exchange busi- 
 ness; and Chamberlin & Carson, of the same place, are 
 correspondents of a large Chicago banking house. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 171 
 
 CHAPTER XL 
 
 Judge Lynch and Criminal Matters. 
 
 Notwitlistandiug the oft-repeated assertions of senti- 
 niejitalists that there >yas less crime committed in the good 
 old pioneer days, it remains a hard, unrefuted fact that there 
 was actually more lawlessness in pioneer days, in proportion 
 to the population, than now. 
 
 Education, which goes a long way towai'ds subduing the 
 ranker, unrestrained human passions, had not so wide a 
 spread as now. and while there were really not many flagrant 
 criminals in the community, guilty of the higher crimes, the 
 dockets of justices of the peace were crowded with records 
 of neighborhood broils, assault ajid battery, hog-stealing, 
 burglary, and now and then an attempt to commit murder. 
 
 The first murder in the county was committed by James 
 Gordon, on the 29th of September, 1854. On the morning 
 of that date Gordon used some otfensive language to his 
 sister. Gordon's step-father, Thos. Arnold, ordered the 
 formei- to leave the house. Gordon delayed, and Arnold 
 seized his gun and attempted to drive him out, when Gordon 
 stabbed him twice, once in the side and once in the abdomen. 
 Arnold died in a few hours, and Gordon fled. He was over- 
 taken and captured by Sheriff Porter and posse, and brought 
 back to Monroe County for trial. He stood his trial for com- 
 mitment, under Scjuire Teas, on the charge of attempting to 
 commit murder. He was released on §800 bail for his ap- 
 pearance in court, and later was acquitted on sustaining a 
 plea of self-defense. The crime was committed about five 
 miles southeast of Albia, on a farm now owned by John 
 Ha Her. 
 
 The follow'ing is a sample of the criminal dockets of 
 those days, and was the docket of State cases in the May 
 term of the District C^ourt of 186G. 
 
 State of Iowa rs. A. M. Myers, charged with murder in 
 the second degree; change of venue from ^fahaska County. 
 
 State of Iowa rs. Thos. Barker, attempt to commit rape; 
 continued, the defendant not having been arrested. 
 
 State of Iowa rs. D. P. Clay and Jacob Hull, larceny; 
 continued. 
 
172 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 State of Iowa vs. Moses Cousins, Jr., and W. B. Cousins, 
 keeping intoxicating liquors with intent to sell in violation 
 of law. 
 
 State of Towa vs. Chas. Ross, assault with intent to com- 
 mit murder. 
 
 ►State of Iowa. vs. Darcus Billings, abandoning a human 
 cliihl; continued as above. 
 
 State of Iowa vs. Samuel Einehart, perjury; acquitted. 
 
 State of Iowa vs. Jas. A. B. Sims and Geo. Edwai'ds, 
 laiceny; continued. 
 
 State of Iowa vs. Jas. W. Atkinson, assault with intent 
 to commit murder; acquitted. 
 
 State of Iowa vs. Jas. Austin, nuisance, keeping intoxi- 
 cating liquors: indictment. 
 
 vState of Iowa vs. JNfartin Cone, petit juror, fined |10 for 
 contempt of court, for disrespectful language; fine remitted. 
 
 Not long afterwards, Cla^^, who is mentioned in the fore- 
 going docket, stole a horse from Thomas Forster, residing a 
 few miles west of Blakesburg. Mr. Forster and Mr. Thayer, 
 now of Avery, and a member of the Monroe County Vigilance 
 Committee, tracked the thief into Missouri and captured him 
 at Ca.lla.tin. Thayer started home with him and Forster re- 
 mained at Gallatin in search of his horse. Thayer placed 
 his prisoner on the horse which Forster had ridden to Galla- 
 tin, and had his feet tied together underneath his horse. 
 When approaching Albia near the Coa,l Creek bridge, three 
 miles southwest of town, two men sprang out of the bushes 
 and handed Clay a revolver. Clay struck Thayer a murder- 
 ous blow on the side of the face, which knocked him from 
 his horse. Thayer still wears the scar. Clay then made his 
 escape. Clay was a chum of Jake Hull, the Gibsons, Garrett 
 Thompson, and others. 
 
 In September, 1866, James Austin, who ran a grocery 
 and saloon in Albia, on the south side of the Square, shot 
 and killed Thos. Davis in the former's saloon in a quarrel over 
 two glasses of beer. Austin was finally acquitted on estab- 
 lishing a plea of self-defense. His case was tried at Center- 
 ville on an indictment for murder in the second degree. 
 
 In November, 1866, two young men by the name of 
 Wiley, wiio lived on Cedar Creek, and who had been indicted 
 by the District Court for stealing cattle, made their escape 
 from the custody of J. L. Duncan, who was guarding them at 
 his residence. They were handcuffed and chained together, 
 
HISTORY OF MO\NOE COUNTY, IOWA. 173 
 
 wheu they escaped, and, making their way to Cedar Creek 
 durin*; tlie night, in some way succeeded in breaking their 
 shackles. They secreted themselves in a coal-bank near 
 their father's premises. The latter, discovering them, 
 brought them to Albia and delivered them over to the 
 authorities. They were sentenced to the penitentiary for 
 six months. 
 
 On the night of September 21, 1868, Chas. Brandon, of 
 Mahaska County, was taken to the woods and hanged by a 
 crowd of Vigilantes from Monroe County. Brandon was 
 accused of horse-stealing. An action was instituted in court 
 for $10,000 against the lynchers, and |800 damages awarded. 
 The defendants were Reuben Way, Daniel C. Gladson, Mat- 
 thew ]\raddox,. B. F. Deats, Lewis Maddox, Wm. Martin, Jas. 
 Hoagland, Geo. Neal, and Wesley May. 
 
 On August 5, 18G9, Thos. S. Hulligen, proprietor of the 
 Gilmore mill at the hamlet of Urbana, in Urbana Townshi]), 
 was fatally stabbed by Geo. W. Wallace. Wallace and Jeff 
 Hawk, the latter the engineer attending the mill machinery, 
 got into an altercation, and in the quarrel the former kicked 
 Hawk in the face. Hawk armed himself with a carpenter's 
 mallet, when Hulligen interposed and ordered Wallace to 
 leave the mill. Wallace refused, and Hulligen seized him 
 and attempted to eject him, and while in the act of thrusting 
 him through the door, Wallace stabbed Hulligen in the 
 breast. Hulligen then released his hold, and, seizing a club, 
 struck Wallace a blow on the head. Wallace again stabbed 
 his victim, and was again struck by Ihe club in the hands of 
 the wounded man. Hulligen died in a few hours, and tlie 
 mui-derer escaped, but was soon captured. He was tried on 
 a charge of murder in the first degree, and was sentenced to 
 seven years in the penitentiary, where he served out his term. 
 
 Tn 1800 Boss and ^fann. two notorious horse-thieves, 
 wei-e sentenced to the penitentiary at Ft. ^Madison. Boss 
 was sent up for five years and ^fann for two years. 
 
 The most noted chapter, however, of this reign of terror, 
 when Monroe County and adjoining counties were overrun 
 by a gang of horse-thieves, was th(» lynching of Garrett 
 Thompson by Monroe County Vigilantes in June. 1800. 
 During that year, and for thi-ee or four years previous, the 
 settlers lived in a constant dread of an organized band of 
 outlaws, whose operations extended over Illinois, southern 
 Iowa, and Missouri. The most notorious of these criminals 
 
174 HISTORY OF MOM ROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 was Garrett Thompson, He and several others of the gang 
 had drifted into Iowa at the close of the war, and had been 
 active in the guerrilla movement on the Missouri border, 
 where they had full opportunity to ply their lawless calling 
 while under the disguise of auxiliaries of the Confederate 
 army of Missouri. So thoroughly organized was this gang 
 that the civil authorities were unable to capture them, or 
 to bring them to justice whenever the Vigilantes succeeded 
 in making an arrest. The committee finally concluded to 
 mete out summary justice to the next thief that fell into 
 their hands. 
 
 On the night of June 13, 1866, James McFadden had a 
 fine span of horses stolen ; and on the night of the 16th Mr. 
 Woodruff was robbed of |90 in money; and on the next night 
 E. M. Bill had a horse stolen, together with one belonging 
 to. Benjamin Ashbury. Not long previous, Henry Wilson 
 had a horse stolen and never recovered; also a horse was 
 stolen from Mrs. Taylor, a neighbor of Wilson and the 
 widow of Jas. Taylor, of the Thirty-sixth Iowa Infantry, 
 who was captured at Mark's Mills and who died in prison 
 at Tyler, Texas, On the same night that Ashbury's horse 
 was stolen, saddles and bridles were stolen from Robert 
 Buchanan. A short time previous, a wagon was stolen 
 from Mr. Joseph Bone. 
 
 At this juncture the Vigilance Committee began a 
 systematic hunt for the outlaws. They started out in every 
 direction of the compass, determined to ride for two days, 
 and if in that length of time any trace of the thieves could 
 be found, they resolved to follow in pursuit until a capture 
 was made. One squad of the pursuers struck the trail 
 between Albia and Blakesburg, and followed the fugitives 
 into Van Buren County, where they lost the trail. 
 
 Suspicion finally rested on Garrett Thompson, who 
 lived about four miles west of Blakesburg, where the 
 Christian church now stands, close by the Center school- 
 house in Urbana Township. Thompson was absent when 
 the horses were stolen, and returned with a new wagon a 
 week later. He told several conflicting stories concerning 
 how he came in possession of the wagon. It was also 
 discovered that Thompson's daughter, Mrs, Ellen Ellis, stole 
 the Bone wagon, assisted by Harrison Gibson, The wagon 
 was tracked to the residence of Mr. McWilliams, in Missouri. 
 
 As the Vigilance Committee had come into possession 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 175 
 
 of siifllcient evidence to hold Thompson in custody, they 
 arrested him, tofjether with Thomas Smith, Harrison Gibson, 
 John Hull, Hiram Hull, and the two Hill brothers, of 
 fWapello County. Thompson was arrested near Blakes- 
 burj; while attempting- to make his way to Missouri. Smith 
 was arrested the same night, in Albia. 
 
 Thom])son was brought to Albia and guarded by Sherirt' 
 McDonald in a building where the Vnion office now stands. 
 His arrest attracted a large crowd. The Sheriff had his 
 prisoner in the front room, and while Colonel Anderson was 
 cross-questioning him, the room began to fill with spectators. 
 Finally, the Sheriff, seeming to realize that there was some- 
 thing significant in the movement of the crowd, placed his 
 man farther in the rear, and seeing Mart Giltner and a few 
 others making a stealthy forward movement, McDonald 
 sprang to his feet, and, drawing a large revolver, ordered 
 the crowd to stand back. At the same time Thompson 
 began shouting to the crowd that if they hanged him, they 
 would be hanging an innocent man. 
 
 The crowd then seized Thompson and started out of 
 town with him. When near the fair-grounds, where Dr. 
 dutch's residence now stands, they had wagons in waiting 
 to carry all to the timber. While the mob was en route on 
 foot to the wagons, the Sheriff stepped into the street and 
 commanded the bystanders to "fall in." Some obeyed the 
 order, and a small posse was organized to pursue and rescue 
 the prisoner from the mob. 
 
 (leo, Cromer, a harness dealer and a pugnacious spirit, 
 who was with the mob, seeing the Sheriff rallying his posse 
 in the rear, ran back and charged upon the posse. Captain 
 John Porter, who liad been conscripted into the posse, 
 squared oft" for a fight with Cromer. The w-arlike motions 
 of the two belligerents attracted the attention of the rescu- 
 ing party, and the prisoner was forgotten. In the meantime 
 the mob had loaded the prisoner into a wagon and were on 
 their way to Avery Creek. 
 
 They jntched tent at a point about six miles southeast 
 of Albia, in the woods, close to where Samuel Miller lived for 
 many years. Messengers were sent out in every direction 
 to summon the populace. The other prisoners were brought 
 on the grounds and closely guarded. 
 
 About 500 people had assembled by noon of the next 
 day. A sort of court was improvised on the grounds, under 
 
176 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 an elm-tree. A chairman was appointed, and the sense of 
 the meeting was taken, which was that a Jury of twelve 
 good men be impaneled to try the prisoners. A marshal 
 was chosen, who excluded all boys from the grounds, and 
 persons of a suspicious character. He w^as also instructed 
 to preserve order and prohibit profane or boisterous lan- 
 guage. 
 
 The jury was then called, and the witnesses and the 
 prisoner brought forward. After a thorough examination, 
 the jury retired, and, after careful deliberation, returned a 
 verdict of ''Horse-stealing and other outrages — viz., house- 
 burning and murder." 
 
 Then the foreman arose and in a loud voice, which 
 reechoed throughout the still forest, announced to the vast 
 thi"ong the verdict. A motion was then made that "Grarrett 
 Thomi)Son be hanged by the neck until he is dead." Some 
 one then made a motion to amend, so that the prisoner be 
 simply tarred and feathered. This latter motion was finally 
 withdrawn, and the original motion carried with but one 
 dissenting voice. 
 
 A committee of ten was then appointed to notify the 
 prisoner of his sentence. He was given twenty minutes to 
 confess or to make any statements. He refused to divulge 
 anything, and the time was extended to forty minutes; he 
 still refused to confess, seeming to be under the impression 
 that the people were trying simply to frighten him. 
 
 Then they began to attach a rope to a branch of the 
 tree, and a wagon was wheeled under it. The prisoner was 
 ordered to get into the wagon; he did not comply, and was 
 lifted in by the crowd. He still believed their movements 
 were but a ruse to frighten him into a confession. A goods- 
 box was placed upon the wagon, and he was told to mount 
 it, after the wagon had been wheeled directly under the 
 tree. He refused to mount, and" Andy Stamm stepped 
 brusquely forward, and. addressing him, exclaimed: "G — d 
 d — n you! get up and die like a man." He was placed upon 
 the box, and a member of the Mgilantes adjusted the noose. 
 Even then the prisoner exhibited no anxiety, still hoping 
 to be released at the last moment. D. H. Scott then offered 
 a fer\'ent 7)rayer for the salvation of the soul about to be 
 launched into eternity. 
 
 When Mr. Scott began the prayer, Thompson then 
 realized for the first time the seriousness of the situation. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 177 
 
 He said that if they would grant liim a little time, he would 
 try to divulge something. Time was given, but at the 
 expiration of forty minutes he divulged nothing. The other 
 prisoners were then brought forward, and placed in a row 
 in front of the gallows. To them it was a moment of 
 terrible suspense. They did not know but what they, too, 
 would be executed next. The wagon was then pushed fram 
 under the tree, and while it was in motion, and the doomed 
 man was clinging on it with but the tips of his toes toucliing 
 it, he muttered that he had killed one man. The next instant 
 the wagon passed from under him, and the huge body of 
 the ilissourian dropped with a thud. At the same time a 
 swarm of caterpillars, or "measuring-worms," dropped from 
 the overhanging branches, suspended by their webs, as if 
 in mimicry of the horrible tragedy. 
 
 The other prisoners were withdrawn, and the crowd 
 dispersed, save a few who remained to assist the son and 
 wife of the executed outlaw to lift the body into their 
 wagon. AVhen this was done, the wife and sou drove ofl" 
 with the body, vowing vengeance on the citizens. They 
 went towards Eddyville, and told the settlers along the way 
 that their relative had fallen out of the wagon and that a 
 wheel of the wagon had run over his neck and broken it. All 
 the other ju-isoners wer(> released, except Tom Smith, who 
 turned Stale's evidence and thus saved his neck. Smith 
 was a Monroe r'ounty soldier, and had some friends among 
 the soldiers, who had known him as an inoffensive man. It 
 was probably largely due to their influence that he escaped 
 the doom of Thompson. 
 
 ITe afterwards admitted his complicity in horse-stealing, 
 but stated that for two years he did not know he was 
 handling stolen hoi'ses. He spent the remainder of his lif(^ 
 in Albia, and regained the respect and confidence of the 
 community. 
 
 At a later meeting of the Vigilance Committee, in -Tunc 
 1866, a note was ju-esented and read incriminating David 
 Marvey and John Foster, two sus]ncions characters living 
 near Orleans, a small village in .^ppanonsc County, near the 
 State line. A committee of three was detailed to go and 
 arrest these two men, and in obedience to their instructions 
 they went to the vicinity of Orleans, and learned that two 
 men had been seen near Drakeville riding suspicious-look- 
 ing horses. The parties were arrested, and twenty or more 
 
178 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 of the citizens of Davis County volunteered to escort the men 
 Avith their captives to Monroe County. The prisoners were 
 placed on horseback, and the same evening the troop arrived 
 at the residence of Wm. Stoops. As it threatened rain, the 
 prisoners were taken to jjrivate residences and guarded until 
 the next morning. In the morning, the populace were noti- 
 fied of the arrests, and hundreds gathered on the grounds. 
 
 A motion was made that a committee of three be ap- 
 pointed to wait on the prisoners separately, and to receive 
 any confessions which they might be induced to make. They 
 were to assure the men that if they made a clear, plausible 
 confession of all their thefts which would implicate others 
 engaged with them, and also lead to the recovery of stolen 
 property, they would be turned over to the civil authorities 
 to stand trial by due course of law, instead of being lynched 
 on the spot. The prisoners confessed to the stealing of 
 twenty or thirty horses and several hundred sheep. The 
 prisoners were then delivered to the sheriff of Davis County, 
 together with a copy of their confession. 
 
 At this meeting of the committee K. B. Arnold sug- 
 gested that John Hull, who had been arrested with Thomj)- 
 son, but who had been acquitted through a lack of sufficient 
 evidence against him, be brought before the committee to 
 explain for what purpose he and Harrison Gibson had pur- 
 chased a quantity of nitric acid. It was confessed that they 
 had given the acid to Garrett Thompson, who had used' it in 
 burning the foreheads of a couple of horses which had been 
 taken up by Mr. Selby, of Urbana Township, and which 
 were supposed to have been stolen and turned loose by 
 Thompson. By applying the acid, white spots could be pro- 
 duced in the face of a dark-colored animal, thus concealing 
 its identity. The horses were produced on the grounds as 
 evidence. Hull was theu released from custody. 
 
 When Tom Smith was arrested and confined in the Ot- 
 tumwa jail, Isaac Watson, E. M. Bill, and A. M. Giltner vis- 
 ited him and obtained a full confession. He stated that the 
 Hulls were the most active and desperate horse-thieves of 
 the band. He also stated that Thomas Forster's stolen team 
 was down in ■Missouri,, near where D. P. Clay and Jake Hull 
 were living. Forster then went to Missouri and recovered 
 his team, which he had not seen for nearly two years. 
 Smith also made other important disclosures which satisfied 
 the Vigilantes that his statements were true. 
 
HISTORY OF MONIWF: COUNTY. IOWA. 179 
 
 The two Hulls were arrested and placed under ^1,000 
 bonds to appear in court. Their case was cuntinued to the 
 November term, 18G7, and their trial was conducted at Ot- 
 tumwa on a chanjre of venue. Hiram was acquitted through 
 some intricacy of the law, but John was convicted and sen- 
 tenced to the penitentiary for five years. He took an appeal 
 to the Supreme (\)urt. and, })endinfl: its decision, was re- 
 leased on |T,0(H) bonds. He rled the country, and left his 
 bondsmen to forfeit the amount. (May was also arrested, as 
 already stated iK^ein. 
 
 To the prom])t and summary action of the Vigilance 
 ( 'ommittee is due the credit of exterminating one of the most 
 daring hordes of outlaws that ever terrorized a. civilized 
 community. The members comprised the very best element in 
 society, and in view of the tardiness and uncertainty of the 
 civil power in punishing criminals, the action of the Vigil- 
 ance ('ommittee has always been approved by the public. 
 
 Some years prior to the episodes narrated in this chap- 
 ter. Monroe and other southern border counties were over- 
 run by a band of horse-thieves whose organization was more 
 extensi^e than that of subsecjuent date. A chain of oper- 
 ations extended from Indiana to Nebraska, and a complete 
 record of their lawlessness is given in a little volume found 
 in nearly every pioi^eer library, entitled ^'Bandits of the 
 Prairie." 
 
 A detective named Bonny finally came in their midst, 
 in the disguise of a counterfeiter. He gained their con- 
 fidence, learned their secrets, and, like a sleuth-hound, 
 tracked them one by one to their hiding-places and airested 
 them. But few of the band escaped the gallows. Monroe 
 County was scarcel\ oi-ganized at the time, and none of the 
 gang were lynched on Afoni-oe County soil. The Hodge 
 lu-otheis were hung in Vnu liuren County. 
 
 Shack Phipps was another member of the gang, and was 
 a relative of the Long men. Phi|>]ts reformed, and settled on 
 a farm in th<- weslein ])ait of Towa. There is at least one 
 oilier member of this notorious gang residing at ]>resent in 
 Monroe County. He was a boy at the time, but was accused 
 of being an accom|dice. Whatever may have been his rela- 
 tion to those bandits at one time, he has sinc<' lived down the 
 stigma by a most exem])laiy life. He has since then held 
 rc^spimsible offices of public trust, and ever since th<' writer 
 first knew him, many years ago. he has been held in uni- 
 versal esteem. 
 
180 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 The murder of Chris McAlister, a farmer who lived 
 near Blakesburg, in Wapello County, on the night of 
 November 6, 1883, led to one of the most sensational lynch- 
 ings ever recorded in the history of the State. For some 
 months after the tragic event no clue could be discovered 
 towards the apprehension of the murderer. 
 
 At length suspicion began to attach itself to Pleas 
 Anderson, a married man of about forty years of age, who 
 lived on a farm in Urbana Township. 
 
 Since the date of the murder, Anderson had made 
 occasional remarks which appeared suspicious to his neigh- 
 bors, and his strange actions on several occasions tended 
 to streng'then the suspicions. Anderson already had an 
 uneuAiable reputation as a pugilist, bully, and a ruffian iu 
 a general way. He had, at ditferent times, been mixed up 
 in several shooting scrapes, and was known throughout all 
 the southern tier of counties of Iowa as a hard citizen. He 
 and his brother William were finally arrested June 8, 1883, 
 on a charge of complicity in the murder of McAlister, on 
 an information sworn out by L. T. Stewart, of Blakesburg, 
 based on circumstantial evidence. 
 
 They were lodged in the Ottumwa jail, and on examina- 
 tion William was released, no evidence being shown to 
 implicate him. 
 
 Pleas was examined before Justice Orr, of Ottumwa, 
 and enough circumstantial evidence was drawn out in the 
 examination to warrant the holding of the prisoner to await 
 the action of the grand jury. He was indicted for murder 
 in the first degree, at the next term of the District Court, 
 and his attorneys secured for him a change of venue to 
 Mahaska County. 
 
 Anderson was arraigned in court at Oskaloosa, Decem- 
 ber 18, 1883, and indicted on the charge of murder in the 
 first degree; and, after a long and tedious trial, lasting over 
 a week, he was acquitted. There seemed to be a state of 
 general disapprobation in consequence of the acquittal of 
 Anderson, yet he returned to his home in Urbana Township. 
 About this time his residence was consumed by fire, and ht? 
 moved in with his father-in-law, Mr. Fielding Barnes, whose 
 residence is about two miles southwest of Blakesburg. 
 
 Anderson, on his return, conducted himself rather in- 
 solently, especially towards the witnesses who had testified 
 against him in his late trial. On the night preceding the 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 181 
 
 mui'der of McAlister, lie shot into the house of S. G. Finney, 
 a ueij^hbor. For this he was indicted by the grand jury of 
 Monroe County at its fall term of 1883, but, after a long 
 delay, he was tried and acquitted, 
 
 i)u Monday evening, December 29, 1884, five men resid- 
 ing in Monroe County went to the residence of Fielding 
 Barnes, who lives near Blakesburg, and where Pleas Ander- 
 son and faniih' were residing, Anderson being the son-in-law 
 of Barnes. The men secreted themselves near the barn, and 
 when Mr, Barnes and Anderson came to the barn to feed 
 the stock for the evening, the men covered them with 
 revolvers. Anderson was seized and driven to Blakesburg 
 in a sled. From Blakesburg he was taken to the Prairie 
 school-house, two miles east of Blakesburg, and w'hile eii 
 route, the mob informed everybody that Anderson would be 
 tried for the murder of McAlister. 
 
 About 9 o'clock p. m. the crowd, which had increased 
 to one hundred or more people, was called to order by the 
 leader of the Vigilance Committee, and a jury of eight 
 persons was appointed to determine what punishment should 
 be meted out to the prisoner. A short time after a verdict 
 had been rendered convicting the prisoner of killing Mc- 
 Alister, eight masked men suddenly filed into the room, 
 disguised in old quilts and blankets. They marched in and 
 surrounded Anderson, and one of them, picking up a rope 
 which lay on the floor, and which contained a noose, placed 
 it around his neck, and the prisoner was thus led out and 
 loaded into a sled and driven to the locality where the 
 murder was committed. 
 
 < Ml arriving at McAlister's place, a sled was driven 
 under a large cottonwood-tree and the rope passed up over a 
 limb. Anderson was then lifted upon a spring-seat, which 
 was ])laced on the sled. He was placed with his face 
 towards the door in which McAlister was murdered, and 
 given a few moments to talk. He j)rotested his innocence, 
 and reipiested a person in the crowd to draw off his boots, 
 which was complied with. He also requested some one to 
 tell his wife to keep the children together and try and do 
 the best they could. The sled was then driven from under 
 him. and he was' hung. The mail-carrier from Ottumwa, 
 passing early next morning, saw the body hanging and 
 reported the fad. Tlie body was fi-ozen stiff when cut down. 
 
 ^^everal, if not all, of the lynching party were afterwards 
 
182 HIf?TOIiY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 apprehended and brought before the grand jury, but they 
 were released without punishment. It was generally sup- 
 posed that the murder of McAlister was perpetrated by two 
 persons, but no second party was ever apprehended. 
 
 On the 22d of March, 1893, Lewis Frazier, a German 
 living between Carbonado and Oskaloosa, called at the 
 house of Mrs. W. H. Smith in Hiteman, to see his wife, who 
 was a sister of Mrs. Smith. He wanted his wife to either 
 return home with him, or else give him the custody of their 
 two children. She refused, and a quarrel ensued. Mrs. 
 Smith took up the quarrel, and Frazier stabbed her fatally. 
 She died in about twenty minutes. Frazier fled, and was 
 pursued and captured by Deputy Sheriff Joe Lewis and an 
 assistant deputy, about four miles from Hiteman, on the 
 same day. The officers started to return to Hiteman with 
 their prisoner, but were overwhelmed by a mob of about a 
 hundred men from the mines. They seized Frazier and hung 
 him on a tree in Hiteman in the evening of the same day of 
 the murder. At the inquest held over the remains none 
 of the witnesses seemed to recognize anv of the Ivnchers. 
 
HISTORY OF ]10M?0E COUNTY. IOWA. 183 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 MisccUa n co us Top ivs. 
 
 Ou the election of Grant and Colfax, in November, 1868, 
 the Republicans of ]Moni'oe County held an enthusiastic jolli- 
 fication in Albia. Wni. Davis, a negro barber who had been 
 brought up fron the South at the close of the war, was called 
 on for a speech. He mounted a platform, and in the course 
 of his remai ks recounted his experience and hardships as a 
 slave on a Sauthern plantation. He spoke of his adventures 
 as a Union soldier, and, later, his experience as a citizen of 
 the I'nion. His remarks were loudly cheered by the crowd. 
 
 Several negro children were brought and sent to Monroe 
 County in lS(i4-.5. These first arrivals considerably ruttied 
 the feelings of those who entertained pronounced scruples 
 against the mingling of the two races. It is related that one 
 day. while ])assing the residence of Wm. Welsh, just south 
 of town, R. E. Robinson, a gentleman residing in Monroe 
 To\\nship. saw a couple of small negro children playing in 
 the yard. The spectacle was overwhelming to the honest 
 farmer. It called up in his mind a long train of evil conse- 
 quences resulting from the emancipation of the black race. 
 The s])ectacle was a premonition of the debasenu-nt and ulti- 
 mate coalescence of the two races. It was a public day of 
 some kind, and there w as a long train of farmers' wagons be- 
 hind. Ml'. Robinson arose in his vehicle and addressed the 
 crowd in an animated and ehHjuent oration. He called upon 
 his fiiends to note thr (IcgradatiDu which the emancipation of 
 the slave had entaih'd upon a sujxiior race, in the humiliat- 
 ing sjtectacle before them. 
 
 Hugh McC^neen was another youth sent up from the 
 South. He bore but a faint trace of African blood, which 
 was seldom detected. He was something of a beau among 
 the young hulies of Monroe Township, and il was not gener- 
 ally know II that he was of .Vfrican di-scent. Andrew Siamm. 
 an Iowa sdldier. in some way got ]► isscssion of the boy while 
 he was a slave in the South. lie found him sitting on a fence, 
 and the boy eitlu-r followed him V()luntarily oi- was coaxe«l 
 awav. 
 
184 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 On August 31, 1868, a hickory pole of prodigious height 
 was reared in Albia by the local Democracy, as a symbol of 
 the ''Old Hickory" or Jacksonian type of Democracy. It 
 was during the campaign when Seymour and Blair were the 
 Presidential standard-bearers of the Democratic party. It 
 was jointed, and the sections secured by iron bands. A year 
 later one Davis, a Democrat who had invested a dollar in the 
 pole, and who therefore claimed to be a joint stockholder, cut 
 the pole down for fire-wood. 
 
 In the Sentinel of 1860, in an article descriptive of early 
 times, J. T. Young tells the following incident: 
 
 "Standing in a small grove of timber near the east line 
 of the township, and owned by old Mr, Gillespie, who sold 
 it to its present owner, Thomas Hickenlooper, is a log- 
 cabin. The grove is composed of a thick growth of small 
 saplings and underbrush. A long time ago, it is said, a 
 panther made his home in this dark and secluded spot. 
 His screams were heard at night by friend J. W. Mclntyre, 
 who lived about a mile from the grove. 
 
 ''The animal would occasionally sally forth to some 
 neighboring sheep-pen, ten rails high (and such rails as Mr. 
 Lincoln never split), take one of the fattest sheep, and make 
 oft" with it as easily as a cat would carry a mouse. Mr. 
 Panther went to Milton Mclntyre's sheep-pen one night, 
 picked up a sheep, and made oil" with it, when he was beset 
 by the dog. This raised Milton's spunk, and he gathered a 
 club and made at the panther, which tied and was never 
 seen again." 
 
 The legendary panther, or "painter," as it was usually 
 termed in the vernacular of the pioneer settlers, was an 
 animal the very mention of whose name spread terror in the 
 hearts of children, a few housewives, and not a few timid 
 men. 
 
 While it was generally regarded as an animal of great 
 ferocity, there is no record of its ever having attacked any 
 one. Nobody ever saw a dead panther, and the phantom 
 form of the live animal was never calmly viewed by mortal 
 gaze, save only by an occasional furtive glance while the 
 "painter" crossed some dark, secluaed path in the forest. 
 In fact, about the only tangible proof of the existence of the 
 "painter" was the very abundant auricular evidence of 
 hearing the animal's blood-curdling screams by night. The 
 scream is said to be not verv unlike that of a terrified woman. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 185 
 
 These screams, which terrified whole neighborhoods, can 
 be heard ahiiost any night in the forests. They are uttered 
 by a very small owl, between the size of a screech-owl and 
 that of a large horned owl. It is about the size of a pigeon, 
 and has no "horns" on its head. The real panther does not 
 scream, but utters a sharp, prolonged screech. It is about 
 the size of a dog, and very shy and cowardly. 
 
 It is quite probable that there were a few of these 
 animals passing through the forests at times, but it was 
 the common wild oat that so often became confounded with 
 the panther. 
 
 The wild cat is about the size of a small dog, and is 
 of a gray color, marked with small specks. It has a 
 large head, small ears, and a short tail. It is very destruc- 
 tive to young pigs, lambs, and poultry. It was abundant 
 in the forests of Monroe County, but soon disappeared on 
 the advent of settlers. 
 
 If the animal were a large specimen, and the beholder's 
 imagination vivid, he raised the report that he had seen 
 the "painter." The "painter," however, was a sort of Satyr 
 of some utility to the settlers. If a settler knew of a fine 
 patch of wild blackberries which he wished to save for his 
 own use, he circulated a story that the "painter" had been 
 seen or heard in the vicinity, and the berries would be 
 unmolested. 
 
 The Canada lynx was another animal allied to the wild 
 cat which occasionally passed through a neighborhood. 
 It was a little larger than the wild cat. and had long, pointed 
 ears and a short tail. Its fur was marked with larger spots. 
 It was probably tlie real prototype of the "i>ainter.'' 
 
 Wild game in those days was (juite jtlentiful in Monroe 
 County. Deer were (juite common in the 'OOs, and up to 
 about 1870 one or more might be seen passing through the 
 county. They were the common Virginia deer of the West 
 and South. 
 
 The bear and bison had been extinguished long before 
 by the Indians, and the N\riler has no knowledge of any bears 
 having been found by the white settlers, save one, which 
 was kilk'd on one of the Avery creeks long ago, by Butler 
 Delashmut and others, of Eddyville. 
 
 Wild turkeys were once abundant in the forests, but 
 of late years have become all but extinct. Occasionally one 
 is still seen in the woods. l)ut probably within a half dozen 
 
186 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 years there will not be one in the county. Twenty years ago 
 the fields and prairies swarmed with prairie-chickens. They 
 usuallj" hatched in Minnesota and farther north, and came 
 southward in September and remained until June. They 
 congregated in immense flocks, and hunting them was a 
 great delight to the sportsman. Occasionally a small flock 
 is still seen in the winter season. 
 
 ^V'ild geese, ducks, and other water-fowl are also 
 transient guests, and alight occasionally in ponds, while 
 passing. 
 
 Squirrels are still plentiful in some localities within 
 the county, but they, too, are destined to go, forever, with 
 the ultimate destruction of the forests. There are two 
 varieties, the gray and the fox squirrel. The latter is a 
 little the larger. 
 
 There are a few raccoons, and the skunk is still plentiful 
 and keeps on amicable terms with man. The badger has 
 become extinct, and the prairie-wolf has about become so. 
 The timber-wolf was a larger species, but was never 
 numerous. 
 
 The circular wolf-hunt of thirty years ago was one of 
 the grandest fete days in the county. The settlers would 
 set out on some appointed day, and converge to some 
 previously arranged center, designated by a pole. They 
 would blow their horns, ring bells, and discharge fire-arms 
 as the}' traveled along, and at a. certain hour all would 
 surround the pole in a solid phalanx. Here no guns were 
 allowed, and anj- wild animals caught within the circle 
 were dispatched by dogs. The usual catch of these hunts 
 was a few skunks and occasionally a fox. 
 
 There are two varieties of fox, the gray and the red fox. 
 They are few in numbers. 
 
 Rabbits are still plentiful, and as they are capable of 
 rapid increase, they will remain a long time. The ground- 
 hog, or woodchuck, inhabits the woods and is quite 
 plentiful. 
 
 The prairie gray squirrel belongs to the marmot or wood- 
 chuck family, and dwells on the prairie. A smaller species, 
 known as striped squirrels, or chipmunks, infest the woods, 
 and in the meadows are found still another variety, also 
 striped. These two species are about the size of a small rat. 
 
 The pocket gopher is disappearing rapidly. The otter 
 has long since disappeared, but the mink and musk-rat are 
 still denizens of the county. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 187 
 
 The rattlesnake is the only poisonous snake in the 
 county. 
 
 There are still a few pheasants, and an abundance of 
 quails. The wild pigeon, once so numerous, is now extinct. 
 
 f^trikes. 
 
 In February, 1880., the coal-miners working in the Albia 
 Coal Com]>an_v mines, at Cedar Creek just west of Albia, who 
 were out on a strike, were replaced by negroes. 
 
 Henry Miller, president of the company, conceived the 
 idea of trying to operate the mines by negroes. He went to 
 Missouri and secured a force of raw negroes, and put them 
 to work in the mines. They learned the trade rapidly, and 
 nmde a goo<l liyelihood for themselyes and families, and were 
 less inclined to place the interests of their employers in 
 jeopardy by strikes. 
 
 The striking white miners, however, on finding their 
 places taken by the blacks, assumed a threatening attitude 
 towards the latter, and doubtless blood would have been 
 shed if the company of militia stationed at Albia had not 
 appeared upon the scene to repress any outbreak. On Sat- 
 urday night, of February 21st, the negroes w'ere fired upon 
 by the strikers. The negroes returned the fire, but no one 
 was hurt. These were the first colored miners that came 
 into the Monroe County mines. 
 
 ''The Deep Snoiv:' 
 
 "The deep snow" represents a period in the chronology 
 of pioneer times, from which all old settlers reckon dates — 
 as, for instance, three years before "the deep snow" the con- 
 test over the county seat occurred; or, the first school-hous<_> 
 in the county was built five years before "the deep snow," or 
 in 1844. Likewise the first marriage occurred in this year, 
 being that of Nelson Wescoatt and ^lay Searcy. Three 
 months later the bride died of fever. Or, if the settler 
 wishes to recall the period when horse-stealing was prevalent 
 in the county, he will say that it was the winter after "the 
 deej) snow," or in 1850. The event itself occupies the same 
 relationship to local pioneer chronology that Noah's flood 
 does to Christian chronology, or the flood of Deucalion to the 
 chront)logy of Creek mythctlogy. 
 
 The snow began to fall about the first of December, 1848, 
 and continued until April 6, 1849. The snow was three feet 
 
188 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 deep on the level, and it was very severe on both domestic as 
 well as wild animals. Large numbers of deer were caught 
 when a crust had formed on the surface of the snow, which 
 impeded the speed of the animals, but enabled the dogs to 
 I)ursue them on the surface without breaking through. 
 
 In passing through the forest at the present day, one 
 will occasionally meet with a decaying monument of this 
 memorable snow, in the form of stumps of trees cut during 
 the winter of the snow, when the axman walked on the sur- 
 face, borne up by the crust. These stumps usually stand 
 about six feet in height, and have often attracted curiosity 
 in those who do not recall the incident of "the deep snow.'* 
 
 Nationality. 
 
 The first settlers of the county were mostly of American 
 birth; but not long afterwards a colony of Germans settled 
 on Coal Creek, in a locality sometimes alluded to as "Dutch 
 Ridge." This locality was originally one of the most barren 
 and unpromising regions in the county. It was composed of 
 white oak soil, covered with underbush and dense growths 
 of saplings. Just why the prudent, thrifty German should 
 have selected this region was always a mystery to the native 
 settler. The German always had plenty of money, and he 
 could have had his pick of the land. What was still more sur- 
 prising, he thrived and prospered on this wild "Dutch 
 Ridge." He laid up money and improved his farm, while 
 the native settler, located in the garden-spots of the county, 
 scarcely made a living. 
 
 There were the Hertzers, the Mertzes, the Wiedmans, 
 the Landsbergers, the Steinbergers, the Manleys, and 
 others. The}'^ were a hardy, industrious, and law-abiding 
 community, and have transmitted to posterity an equally 
 creditable class of citizens in the present generation. 
 
 For many years, Philip Hertzer, or "old Dutch Philip," 
 as his many friends have affectionately styled him, was, by a 
 sort of universal reverence, acknowledged to be the chief 
 counselor of the colony, or a sort of "burgomaster." 
 
 These Germans never took any special interest in local 
 politics, and during every political canvass in the county the 
 "Dutch Ridge" became a much-coveted vineyard to the 
 stump-speaker. They were fond of their beer, and when the 
 State prohibitory law was enacted, the inhabitants of "Dutch 
 Ridge" became disgusted with the Republican party, and 
 withdrew their allegiance to it. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 189 
 
 Whenever a party leader desired to augment the 
 strength of liis party in the county, he considered it liighly 
 necessary to establish diplomatic relations with ''Dutch 
 Philip." Then, on election day, the Germans would be out 
 in force. ''Dutch Philip" would be their counselor, and 
 Judge Hilton and Tom Baldwin, each representing his n*- 
 spective party, might t)e seen Avreathed in seductive smiles, 
 bestowing their blandishments upon tin,' apparently en- 
 raptured Gernmn voters, and incidentally setting forth the 
 Hierits of their respective parties. The good-natured and 
 sagacious German usually listened with an expression of 
 well-aflfecttMi interest and profound dc^ference, but ])ef<u"e 
 either party champion could get his man started towards the 
 ballot-box with the proper ballot snugly folded within his 
 vest-pocket, the latter could invariably be seen meandering 
 behind the school-house in com]»any with "Dutch Philip." 
 
 The Irishman is always the first on the ground every 
 Avhere. There is no ]>lace under the sun where you will not 
 find him. He forges to the front, not only in a geographical 
 sense, but in a social and political one as well. If a public 
 policy is to be consummated, an Irishman pushes it through; 
 if a sortie or charge is to be made, or a forlorn hope led into 
 the death-valley of an enemy's guns, an Irishman is at the 
 head. He has done everything for the advancement of other 
 nations, and nothing for his own little down-trodden isle. He 
 is an Irishman for Ireland as long as he lives on the isle, but 
 as soon as he steps ashore at Castle Garden he becomes an 
 American citizen at heart, and really does not require the 
 naturalization act of courts, which he avails himself of as 
 soon as the pn^sci-ibed term of residence is up. On landing, 
 he immediately discards his nice, neat moleskin knee- 
 breeches and high hat, and dons a pair of blue overalls, takes 
 up a shovel, a peddler's pack, or a jioliceman's ''bill3'," and 
 goes to work. He attends all j)olitical nu»eiings, and votes 
 Ihe Democratic ticket as soon as he gets his naturalization 
 ])a.pers — and sometimes before. When he bec<mies a cilizen, 
 lie does not waste his energies in senliniental and (Hjnally 
 futile attemjtts to redeem his own unhappy uative isle from 
 its thralldom. Deep in his heai't he feels her unha]»py con- 
 dition, but he f(K^ls that his labors and statesmanship in the 
 new world are of too high a value to be interrupted by a 
 sentiment that cannot be realized, or a dream that can never 
 be fulfilled. 
 
190 HIF^TORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 The west half of ]Moni'oe County is largely settled by 
 Irishmen. Their farms are all well cultivated, and yield 
 their owners a comfortable living. Like the Germans, they 
 selected a wild, broken region for their homes; but this is 
 more readily accounted for by the fact that they came to 
 Monroe County with small means and were obliged to select 
 cheaper lauds. Most of the Irish vote the Democratic 
 ticket. 
 
 Notwithstanding the rural disadvantages which many of 
 the neighborhoods of this Irish colony possess, most of the 
 brightest young professional men of Monroe County are 
 either Irishmen or the sons of Irishmen. The O'Bryans, 
 the Carrs, tbe Richmonds, the Nichols, Ed. Morrison, flas. M. 
 liobb, and A, J. Cassady, and others, are of the legal pro- 
 fession ; and Ed. A. Canning, while a prominent citizen and 
 highly valued public otticial, may yet turn his attention to 
 jurisprudence and become a successful lawyer with the rest. 
 
 The extensive development of the mining industry with- 
 in the county has of late years invited other nationalities 
 into our midst. A large majority of the miners — say three- 
 fourths — are AV'elsh and English. The remaining fourth is 
 nuide up of Americans, f^wedes, and a few Italians, French, 
 Scotch, and Belgians. There are no Irish miners, and but 
 few Germans. The Dutchman will not venture into the 
 dark, and the Irishman always wants to be on top. The 
 English and Welsh miners are the most successful miners, 
 as for centuries the calling has been hereditary with them. 
 There is but slight national distinction between them. The 
 English are from Durham or Cornwall. 
 Methods of FannitKi. 
 
 When the early settlers began to till the virgin soil of 
 Monroe County, each farmer adopted the methods of his own 
 pai-ticular State. The ''Pennsylvania Dutchman," accus- 
 tomed to the rocky, loose soil of Pennsylvania, brought with 
 him his monster cast-iron x^low. It would not ''scour" in our 
 Western soil, so he discarded it with many a sigh. 
 
 The New England Yankee's methods were quite unique, 
 and greatly amused the "Hoosier," the "Sucker," and the 
 Kentuckian. The prairie soil was decidedly different from 
 that of the Eastern States, and it required several years' ex- 
 perience for the husbandman to get started on the right 
 track. 
 
 In the earlier period flax was a staple crop. It was 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, TOW A. 191 
 
 cultivated exclusively for the tiber. About the time the 
 plaut was in bloom, tlu* farmer's wives and daughters would 
 <ro into the tields and i»ull up the Hax by the roots. It was 
 then suak('<l in watei- for awhile, to bleach. Then it was 
 hauled in and placed in larger bunches, where it was allowed 
 to "rot" — i. c, the woody part beneath the bark or tiber was 
 allowed to decay. Then the farmer would ''break" it. A 
 "flax-break" was a rudely constructed appliance for breaking 
 the woody portion of the Hax. It consisted of an oak frame 
 five or six feet in length and about two feet wide, and 
 supported on four legs. Within this frame, and placed 
 parallel and extending the long way of the frame, were a 
 series of wooden bars, an inch or two apart, with sharpened 
 edges. Then upon the upper side of this frame, and hinged 
 to it, was another frame constructed the same as the lower 
 one, the edges of its bars mashing into the space between 
 the lower bars when the upper frame was shut down against 
 the latter. The farmer would then raise the upper frame 
 with oiu^ hand, place a bunch of Hax crosswise on the lower 
 frame of the "break,'' and then thrust the upper frame or 
 hinged lid down upon the Hax. This movement was re- 
 peated until the stalk of the fiax was crushed and broken 
 in small particles, the tiber or bark remaining uninjured by 
 the operation. 
 
 In this state it was passed to the housewife, who ran 
 it through the "hackle'' to remove the bits of woody material. 
 The "hackle'' was a board about ten inches wide and about 
 fifteen inches long. Sharp-pointed nails were driven 
 through this board about half an inch from each other over 
 the entire surface. The wife would draw the fiax through 
 this ''hackle," handful by handful, when it was finally ready 
 to be si>nn into thread oi- "filling." It was then ready for the 
 loom. Kveiy dutiful housewife could operate a loom in 
 those «lays. and a young lady who was not a<'coinplished in 
 spinning and weaving was shunned by the matrimonially 
 inclined young men, and usually lived an old maid. 
 
 Weaving was always a medium of exchange, and it 
 was ni» uncommon thing for the young wife, in embarking on 
 life's voyag<*, to do weaving for a yoke of oxen for her young 
 husband. The wiit«r*s mother did weaving for a (juantity 
 of corn, at ten cents jter bushel. She wove at the rate of 
 about fifteen cents a yard. We are not (piite certain but 
 that she wove the cloth for her prospective husband's flax 
 
 /^'^^-^ 
 
 UNIVERSITY " 
 
192 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 wedding-breeches, for the fabric showed that especial care 
 had been expended on it. The cloth thus made was very 
 coarse, and of a greenish gray color. The greatest objection 
 to it was that it never wore out. If we mistake not, our 
 first pants were constructed out of a discarded pair of 
 parental trousers, doubtless those which did such excellent 
 service on the marriage occasion already spoken of. 
 
 After the lapse of a few years, the settlers began to 
 raise sheep, and to convert the wool into cloth. If the cloth 
 was constructed solely of wool, it was called "jeans"; but 
 if the ''chain" was composed of cotton or flax, it was called 
 "linsey." The ladies preferred linsey for their wearing 
 apparel, as it was of a little liner texture, say 700 threads 
 of warp to the yard. 
 
 In 1860 John Young (father of Josiah T. Young) and sons 
 started a woolen factory at Albia. A short time later they 
 put in "carding" machinery, which was a great convenience 
 to the settlers. The factory burned in 1862, but in 1866 it 
 was rebuilt and operated by Wallace & Kambo for several 
 years. 
 
 Some of 11i(^ prominent families of early days affected 
 certain colors in homespun flannel. These family colors 
 were a sort of "coat of arms" in the family. For instance, 
 the flannel and jeans worn by the famil}^ of Elias Fisher 
 in TJrbana Township was a dark walnut brown interspersed 
 with streaks of yellow, something like a tiger's skin. The 
 house of Noland was represented by a butternut brown. 
 All old-timers will remember the long-tailed butternut coat 
 of Doster Noland, garnished with large white bone buttons. 
 When this eminent veterinary surgeon moved to Missouri, 
 he wore the big coat, and is doubtless wearing it yet, if 
 alive. The Hayes, Baldwins, and Whites, all being related, 
 had one common family color. It was^ a kind of checked 
 arrangement, broad bands of red and narrow streaks of th(^ 
 same color, with a blue background. "Rich" Hayes still 
 clings to this color. He is still alive, and some years ago 
 sold his farm in Monroe Township, and moved to Missouri 
 and got religion. The family color of the Haller family was 
 a sky-blue jeans marked with still lighter colored bars or 
 streaks. Moses Haller, the patriarch of the family, still 
 lives at Selection, in Monroe Township. He has lost his 
 eyesight, but can hear distinctly, and recognizes everybody 
 by their voices. He keeps well posted on all that transpires 
 in the neighborhood. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 193 
 
 I'l'obably the very first implement for tilling the soil 
 was tlie heavy hoe. ilany of the early settlers, as we have 
 before stated. emi<irated from Indiana, and Indiana was 
 largely settled by Kentmkians; hence many of the early 
 settlers of Monroe County wi're of Kentucky stock. They 
 were proticient in tlie the use of the hoe, and had to be, 
 perforce of necessity, as they were dependent upon it for 
 their "Johnny-cake.'' The Southern pioneer could not *'go 
 wheat bread," and if placed on a diet of wheat bread, he 
 got all out of sorts, and lost faith in the country, and had 
 no desire to work. 
 
 The early farmers did not produce anything for market 
 ex<-(*pt hogs, and these had to be driven to Keokuk or 
 Alexandria to market. The pioneer hog was vastly superior 
 to the modern porker in intellect and correspondingly in- 
 ferior in all other points. He was called the "hazel-splitter," 
 and was a long-legged, big-headed, sharp-backed animal, 
 that could run like a race-horse and hold his own among 
 wolves and wild cats. He was usually of a ''sandy" color, 
 and spent his time in the woods from May to December, and 
 not unfre(]uently shifting for himself all winter. H(^ sub- 
 sisted mainly on roots and nuts, and late in the fall he 
 fattened on burr-oak acorns. All the farmer had to do, when 
 his hogs grew fat enough for market, was to capture them, 
 and this was sr)metimes as thrilling an experience as a 
 wolf-hunt in Siberia. One fall the writer's grandfather sold 
 an old sow to Captain Wilson, who drove her, with several 
 hundred others, to Burlington, a distance of one hundred 
 miles. The next spring or sninmer the identical .sow came 
 home to see her pigs from which she had been heartlessly 
 separated the fall before. She walked all th«^ distance, and 
 was lean and haggard when she arrived. She made her 
 escape at Binlington. Slu^ was again dtdivered to Mi-. 
 Wilson, th<' dr()\ei-. 
 
 Every farmer had liis "earmarks" registered in the 
 Cotinty Judge's office, and by means of earmarks every 
 person was enabled to identify Ins own hogs from those of 
 his neighbors. The "ear-marks" of no two persons could 
 be alike, and he ^^hose ear-marks had been registered took 
 precedence over others in a dispute. 
 
 The forests contained herds of wild hogs which had 
 straved from their owners or succeeded in evading capture. 
 
194 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 These were hunted with dogs, and were exterminated in 
 a few years. 
 
 Among the first plows used for brealving wild sod were 
 the "bar-share" plow and the Carey plow. The latter 
 seemed to be the favorite. The "bar-share" plow consisted 
 of an iron plate lying Hat on the ground with a wooden 
 mold-board slanting slightly from its middle. In the Carey 
 plow the rear end of this iron plate turned up behind and 
 formed a part of the mold-board. 
 
 Then came the long-beamed break-plow, already de- 
 scribed in a previous chapter, and which every person who 
 has passed the residence of John Massey, south of Albia, 
 during the last twenty-five years, has noticed leaning against 
 the front-yard fence. Some months ago the writer, in pass- 
 ing, had the pleasure of seeing Mr. Massey's son, Ressie, 
 plowing with this relic of a past generation. He was 
 scouring it along the right-of-way of the railroad by way of 
 preparing it for farming purposes.' 
 
 After the ground had first been broken with the big 
 prairie plow, the ground in later years was turned over hj 
 the "diamond" plow or "stirring" plow; and when the corn 
 was planted and ready for cultivation, a small one-horse 
 "diamond" plow was at first used; then came the "single- 
 shovel,"' and next the "double-shovel," and along about 1870 
 the modern "cultivator" was introduced. This plow re- 
 quired two horses, and actually plowed a row of corn in 
 one trip, instead of going up on one side of the row and 
 returning on the other side, as was done with the "double- 
 shovel." The farmer doubted the utility of the "cultivator," 
 it jirofessed to do too much — plowed a row of corn in just 
 half the time required by the "double-shovel"; and when 
 some fellow devised one on which the j)lowman could ride, 
 the inventor was regarded as a wild dreamer or lunatic. 
 
 Reaping implements went thi'ough the same gradual 
 transition. First came the small semicircular "reap-hook." 
 This was the implement of the mountains and hills of the 
 South and of the East, where there were but small patches 
 of grass or grain, growing among rocks and in narrow 
 valleys. 
 
 As the Western farmer's field of grass became larger, 
 a speedier implement was evolved, in the form of a scythe, 
 and for grain the "cradle" was invented. These, too, were 
 at length superseded by the two-horse mower for grass, and 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 195 
 
 the old-fashioned Manna and McCormick hand-rake reapers 
 for jirain; these were eonsidered mirack's of inventive 
 jjenius. Finally the "self-rake" reaper and mower combined 
 was bronght out, and it was thought that perfection was 
 attained. A machine cost 1175 or $200. 
 
 In about the year 1870 the Marsh harvester was in- 
 vented. It was a ponderous machine, requiring four horses 
 and three men to run it. It had a platform, on which two 
 men vivde and boimd the grain as it was delivered from a 
 canvas Ciirrier, something similar to those now used on 
 self-bindei's. The machine proved a faihire. It was too 
 heavy, and if the ground was soft, it would not work at all. 
 It was the antecedent of the self-binder of the present day. 
 
 To see the modern self-binder as it lightly sails around 
 through the grain-tlelds, doing its work to perfection in grain 
 in all conditions, one naturally wonders if it, too, will in 
 time be supplanted by a machine of higher perfection. It 
 does not seem susceptible of further improvement. It is 
 light-running, and is construc'ted of steel, to insure strength 
 and a reduction of weight. 
 
 The development of the live-stock industry, and the 
 consequent increase in the acreage of tame grass, has led 
 to the adoption of superior machinery for the handling of 
 hay. ifost of the hay in the county is stacked and handled 
 l>y means of stackers and loaders. 
 
 There is an alternating law in agriculture by which 
 prices of farm products rise and fall periodically, and the 
 careful study of which enables the shrewd farmer to make 
 money, even in times of financial depression. It cannot be 
 better demonstrated than by a citation to the live-stock 
 industry. About the year 1802 the bottoui suddenly dropped 
 out of the cattle market. For some years a surj)lus of cattle 
 iiad been gradually accumulating. The famine of that 
 time precipitated a crisis in prices, and the country was 
 gorged with an overplus of unmarketable cattle. 
 
 Prices ranged so low that everybody grew discouraged 
 and hastened to get rid of their stock at ruinously low prices. 
 I'cople quit raising cattle, and v«'ry few had the foresight 
 to realize that at that ])articular time the farmer should be 
 using his utmost efforts to replenish his herds in anticipation 
 of a shortage. The shortage at length came, and prices 
 went up, and are up at the present date. Just at the time 
 when the cattle market had gone to pieces, horses com- 
 
196 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 manded a fair price. The cowman then turned his attention 
 to raising horses, with the result that at present the horse 
 market is as greatly depressed as the cattle market was 
 some years ago. The farmers have quit raising horses, and 
 in a few years there will be a brisk demand for good horses 
 at fair prices. Thus the markets are subject to a rise and 
 fall as certain in their recurrence as the ebb and flow of 
 tides. 
 
 The farmers of Monroe County are in a reasonable 
 degree prosperous. Xone are so poor but that they know 
 where the next meal is to come from. None are so hard 
 pressed that they have not the means to clothe themselves 
 and their families and have a change of apparel for Sunday 
 wear. Many are growing wealthy, and the vast majority 
 of them live in comfort and enjoy the envious reputation 
 of being honest, intelligent, and respected above all other 
 vocations in life. 
 
 The farmer of the country constitutes the keystone in 
 the arch of local Yjrosperity. The dweller of the town feels 
 an unfeigned admiration for liim and h^s family, and although 
 his exterior polish may not be so dazzling, or his wife's and 
 daughter's dress so stylish as that of the city lady, his and 
 their general esteem weighs as much as the attainments of 
 the other in the social scale. 
 
 The farmer-boy has outgrown those rural distinctions 
 which once built a brush-fence between himself and the 
 social world. Better roads, the bicycle, the "covered 
 buggy" and fast team, increased population, railroads, rural 
 churches, the increase of country villages, and the later 
 improvements in the common school system have all com- 
 bined to bring him out into the open "clearing." When 
 once out, and he gets his bearings, he forges to the front. 
 It is a curious fact that most of our county officers were 
 from the country. The same is true of the Monroe County 
 bar. The country offers better encouragement to the 
 growth arid development of the mind. No checks are placed 
 on its growth through idleness, social abstractions, or 
 through the still moi-e pernicious effect of evil associations 
 and intempei'ance. 
 
 Roads and Road-Working. 
 The highways of ISfonroe County are at present mostly 
 located on established lines. The first roads, like the "trail" 
 of the Indians, ran straight, regardless of divisional lines. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 197 
 
 The main desig:!! was to 'got there," and with this very laud- 
 able end in view, the peo])le traveled in as straight lines as 
 the character of the surface would permit. At one time the 
 settler res[)ected the course of those pioneer highways, and 
 did not deign to set the road out on the line, as long as all his 
 land was not fenced. Tiater, when he found it necessary to 
 do this, the changing of the road was attended by bitter re- 
 monstrances from his neighbors. l<]very man wanted the 
 road to remain just where it was first located, except when it 
 cut tlirough his own farm, when hv assumed the right to 
 "throw it out" on the line. If the new route was rough and 
 crossed a stream, the farmer making the change was ex- 
 ])ecled by an unwritten code of honor to put in the bridge 
 partly hiuiself. and, with the friends of the new road, work 
 gratis the route to render it ])assable for teams. Many of the 
 highways tliroughout the country are but 40 feet in width, 
 but of later years Ot» feet has been prescribed as the proper 
 width, and the Board of Supervisors will not establish a 
 highway of less width. 
 
 The highways are kept in repair by means of public labor 
 levied in f(»rm of a tax. Every able-bodied citizen between 
 the age of HI and 45 years is re(iuired to perform two days' 
 labor in i)aynient of a poll-tax of 18.00; in addition to this 
 poll-tax, he pays a pioperty tax in labor, levied on his tax- 
 able property; and in addition to these., he is liable to a small 
 cash levy, which tax must be paid in cash, with which to pur- 
 chase material, implements, etc., for highway purposes. Of 
 course he has the privilege to pay his poll and property tax 
 in cash, oi- of employing a substitute to do the work. 
 
 Kormerly the poll-tax was fixed at $1.50, but it was 
 doubled \\ith the I'xpectation that moi-e labor would be ex- 
 pended. Not withstanding the doubling of the time required, 
 about the same amount of actual labor was bestowed upon 
 the roads, until the advent of the grader. Under the old 
 method, the roads were worked twice in a season, usu- 
 ally in May and September. The farnuM* was 'SvarnrMl" 
 out on a fixed date, to ajtpeai- with a team oi- some suit- 
 able im|)lement, at S o'clo«'k. lie ]»ut in his api)earance 
 anywhere between S and 11*. Sometimes he came with 
 an old hoe, an ax, hatchet, or anything that might be 
 construed as coming under the head of an "im])lement." 
 Scuuetimes he did not bring anything, and beguiled the time 
 in holding the handle of a plow for a few moments between 
 
198 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 long intervals, or in loading scrapers and sitting on the 
 ground to await the return of the empty scraper. The squad 
 was under the direction of the Road Supervisor, but when- 
 ever his official's back was turned, the men repaired to a 
 shady fence-corner to crack jokes, argue politics or religion, 
 or talk horse; on the reappearance of the Supervisor, they re- 
 sumed work. If a tree were to be chopped down, a grub re- 
 moved, or a culvert to mend, the Supervisor had to do the 
 work, while the men dropped their tools and gathered around 
 to inspect the work and offer suggestions as to the proper 
 mode of doing it. 
 
 If a man has any bodily infirmities, he is exempt from 
 the poll-tax, but not from the property tax. He appears 
 promptly on the date set to work the roads, armed with a 
 physician's certificate of disability. Being an invalid, he 
 escapes the poll-tax, but labors day after day until he has 
 ''worked out" his property tax at the customai'y rate of |1.50 
 per day, or |3.00 with a team. 
 
 Of late years road-working as a diversion or source of 
 social rural enjoyment has been greath' improved on by the 
 introduction of the grader. Es^erybody now rides on the 
 grader. The seat alone is wide enough to accommodate three 
 men, and each may hold a pair of lines attached to his own 
 team. Six horses pull the grader, and the Supervisor stands 
 behind the drivers and operates the levers and otherwise 
 commands the machine. One or two men usually act as 
 grooms or footmen to accompany the equipage in case the 
 teams do not act nicely, and two or three men with a road 
 plow do a little plowing at the roadside at certain intervals 
 daring the day. One man holds the plow handles, another 
 drives the team, and if there is a third one who could not be 
 accommodated on the grader, he "beams" the plow — i. e., sits 
 on the beam to force the nose of the plow deeper into the 
 ground. 
 
 Then the man with the hoe is supposed to get in his 
 woi'k. He traverses the entire length of the road district, 
 and chops up noxious weeds, such as burdock, ''bull" thistles, 
 and cockle-burs. If he runs out of these before quitting 
 time, he chops dog-fennel or anything he comes across, be- 
 cause his job is considered a "soft" one, and he may be as- 
 signed to something less congenial. 
 
 The job next in degree of "softness" to that enjoyed by 
 the man with the hoe is the hunting up of the road scraper 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 199 
 
 or plow. Tliose are always at the other end of the district 
 when the men went to work, and some man has to <io after 
 them with a team and waijon. J( takes at least a half-day to 
 find them, as they hav«' to be traekcMl fi-<)m house to house, 
 and, wluMi faund, usually have to go to the blacUsmith shop 
 f«)r repairs, at the publie expense, as tlu-y have been passed 
 around amon«? the farmers to serve in scoopinj^ out ponds, 
 scrapinjr up manure, ete.. until some fidlow breaks them, 
 when they are left on the spot to be hunted up by tin' Super- 
 visor in road-working time. The Road Sui)ervis()r is for- 
 bidden to li>an these implements, but the <uder is seldom, 
 if ever, strict ly obeyed. Tf, however, the Supervisor declines 
 to allow his neighbors the use of them, his refusal is looked 
 upon as a high-handed usurpation of official i)Ower. 
 
 Within recent years there has b(^n considerable talk 
 of improving the public roads, but there is no feasible way of 
 doing so, other tlian by the efticient use of the grader and 
 jiroper drainage, leaving is out of the question, as there is 
 na available supply of material within easy reach. 
 
 The iron bridge has not yet been introduced, but doubt- 
 less will be ere long. 
 
 Fashions, Dress, and Lore-Making. 
 
 M;)nroe County was never so far outside the pale of 
 civilization as to render wearing apparel superfluous, al- 
 though it is said that many of the children of the "Hairy 
 Nation" ran naked in the summer time and barefooted all 
 the year round. Ever3' one who was not afraid of the rattle- 
 snakes went barefooted in summer. The young ladies 
 turned their feet out to grass, say the last of May, and kept 
 them on it until about the mi(hlle of September or the first 
 of October, and from then on liir»»ugliout the winter wore 
 their Sunday shoes. \\'hen they walked f(u- miles to "meet- 
 ing"' on Sundays, those who were most careful and prudent 
 took otf their shm^s and stockings and cooled their shapely 
 white feet in the dust until nearing the meeting-house, when 
 they w(Mild slip to the roa<lside. give their feet a few 
 "swipes" in the tall gi-ass to rennn-e the dust, and replace 
 their shoes. ^lany a stately dame in the county to-day could 
 testify to this from experiem-e if she ^^()uld — ami why should 
 she not? Tt was no discredit. 
 
 The men and boys began to go barefooted a little ear- 
 lier in the season, say as soon as grass came. Shoes were 
 
200 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 not worn by the men at that time, nor for years later, as 
 articles of dress. The coarse boot was worn throughout 
 the week, and the more fastidious young men indulged in 
 light calfskin boots, with high, narrow heels, for Sunday 
 wear. If these boots had attractive fancy tops, the dude 
 of those days wore his pants stuffed inside of them, and sat 
 on the front row of ''puncheons" at meeting, with his legs 
 crossed at a conspicuous height, much to the admiration of 
 the fair sex. 
 
 Among the "mashers" of those days were Colonel Dan 
 Anderson, Anson Rowles, Wm, Webb, Jake Webb, Bob Gor- 
 don, and others. Gordon finally became insane, and one 
 day disappeared and was never again seen. 
 
 Colonel Dan Anderson lived to attain considerable dis- 
 tinction in after years as a public man, in both civil and mili- 
 tary capacities, as well as a successful attorney, and at one 
 time he was favorably mentioned in the local papers as a gub- 
 ernatorial candidate. But with all tlie gallant Colonel's fame 
 and prowess in later years, he was not "in touch" with the 
 good graces of his sweetheart's parents, at the time when, 
 like Daniel of old, he began to receive visions (visions of the 
 matrimonial state). The girl was willing, but the old folks 
 were not. In Missouri they could get married without a 
 license, and without the expenditure of the unavoidable 
 license fee, which in all cases had to be paid in advance. The 
 young Adonis procured a "covered" buggy, at that time a 
 rai"e luxury, and his sweetheart rolled up her "Sunday-go-to- 
 meetin' dress" in a bundle, together with her "hoops," and 
 doubtless other bleached muslin articles of female apparel 
 essential to a bridal trousseau. The bundle was concealed in 
 the prairie grass near the roadside, on the outskirts of the 
 village, and the lovelorn swain drove round, ostensibly to 
 give the girl a short buggy-ride. They then made "lickety- 
 split" for the Missouri line, were married, and had the license 
 fee saved with which to go to housekeeping. 
 
 While the prevailing fashions in dress, in those days, 
 would appear quaint now, they were no more outlandish 
 than at present. While the dame of thirty years ago incased 
 her lower limbs in a prodigious hoopskirt, the belle of the 
 present day lavishes this same superabundance of material 
 on her arms, and lets her legs get along as best they can, with 
 nothing of greater consequence than a mere skirt. Like in- 
 flammatory rheumatism sometimes does, the style has simply 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 201 
 
 shifted from the legs to the arms, and it canuot very well be 
 helped. The big sleeves of to-day do uot appear to be sus- 
 tained by means of hoops or a wire frame-work; neither are 
 they stuffed. The material is starched stiffly, and their puff 
 is preserved by nieans known only to the wearer. 
 
 The "sky-scraper" bonnet was an institution of a 
 liitle earlier antiquity, but was worn by some as late 
 as the pion<^er period of Monroe County. Then came the 
 "shaker" made of straw or palm-leaf. It somewhat re- 
 sembled a calico sunbonnet in form, except that it was nar- 
 l't>wer. It looked a little like a sugar-scoop. They did not 
 have any tails to them when purchased, and the first thing 
 the ])urchaser had to do, on buying one, was to sew a tail to 
 it, composed of cloth. Its beauty was ephemeral, as it soon 
 lost its whiteness. The ladies kept it pretty well bleached 
 by frequent baptism in a jar of buttermilk. Another way 
 to bleach it was to place it neai- the top, inside an inverted 
 barrel; then they smoked it all day with sulphur fumes. 
 The odor of the sulphur remained with the "shaker," but 
 that was not objected to in society, as sulphur and the odor 
 from it was reckoned a safeguard against the prairie itch 
 in those days. From that day to this, the bonnets, both great 
 and small, have come and gone, each year witnessing some 
 strange mutation in style, and bringing with the change 
 fresh joys and gladsome smiles to the weai'er. 
 
 After the linsey period, came the woolen mill, which en- 
 abled the settlers to exchange their wool for cloth manufact- 
 ured at the factory and of a little handsomer appeai'ance. 
 < 'asinet was a heavy cloth for masculine wear, composed 
 partly of wool and partly of cotton. It wore like buckskin. 
 
 A calico dress was the one thing altogether lovely in 
 the eyes of the pioneer maiden. It cost from 25 to 50 cents 
 per yard, but most of the w'ell-to-do ladies managed to secure 
 one for Sunday wear, or in which to array herself when cir- 
 cus day came. Many a j)oor girl, as noble and handsome as 
 the fairest queen of earth, has wejtt until her eyes were red 
 because she did not have a. nice calico dress to wear to meet- 
 ing, or in which to entertain her beau on Sunday night. 
 
 The acquirement of a pair of hoops was not so diflQcult a 
 matter. If her father refused to invest in a pair of "store" 
 hoops, the maiden went into the forest and selected a grace- 
 ful grape-vine, and improvised a pair of hoops, which, to all 
 external appearances, were fully up to the highest pinnacle 
 of the fashion. 
 
202 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 About a dozen years ago the hoopskirt again made its 
 appearance, but it had lost its old-time rotundity, and was 
 but the shadow of its foinner self. It soon disappeared; but 
 some day it will rise again, to fly in the face of providence 
 and tempt fate. 
 
 About twenty years ago the ladies conceived an infatua- 
 tion for dress-goods of a flaming color and marked in large 
 figures like bed-spread calico. It was called ''Dolly Varden" 
 dress-goods. At another period, some years later, every girl 
 wore spotted calico, called "polka dot," and a bevy of chat- 
 tering, rollicking young ladies would look like a flock of 
 guineas. 
 
 The ''Mother Hubbard" is the greatest monstrosity of 
 all. It haunts, like a specter, every lady's closet, but seldom 
 walks forth in the broad light of day. For a while it made 
 a bold, defiant eft'ort to gain the street, but was soon rele- 
 gated to the back yard, where it is occasionally seen scamper- 
 ing stealthily between the kitchen door and the wood-pile or 
 puiiip, but instanth^ vanishing within doors on the approach 
 of an intruder. In appearance it resembles a. bag of table 
 salt of prodigious size, the gathering-string at the top corre- 
 sponding to the collar. Unhappily, the Mother Hubbard 
 difl'ers in one respect: it has no bottom in it, like the salt-bag. 
 
 Courtship in those days was conducted under about the 
 same underlying principles as now — i. e., the object to be at- 
 tained was marriage. The science was in a much more rudi- 
 mentary state then, but the end seemed to justify the means. 
 The process was sufficient unto the day, and every couple who 
 were in the right frame of mind managed to strike up a 
 nmtch. They did it without buggy-riding (there were no 
 buggies then), without lawn tennis parties, without sipping 
 lemonade through rye-straws, or spooning at the ice cream 
 table. They did not even have a sofa on which to sit on the 
 veranda at late hours, when Cupid is supposed to lurk in the 
 vicinity. The swain courted his sweetheart in the presence 
 of her folks, because the cabin had but one room; and when 
 the other members of the family wished to retire for the 
 night, the lovers had to hold up a bed-quilt between them- 
 selves and the ]>eds, until the old folks were safely tucked in 
 bed. The swain llien toid his story of love in the faint, 
 wavering light of the tallow-dip, and had to be brief about it, 
 for the light was liable to go out at any moment. When they 
 went to singing-school, they rode horseback, if he had two 
 
HISTOHY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 203 
 
 hoist's; if he had ouly oue, and it carried double, he took her 
 on behind and she hooked her arms around his waist to stick 
 on. If they had to ride bareback, ajid encountered a steep 
 hill to descend, they drew "Old Fan's" tail up over their 
 shoulders, and. by holding on to it, avoided slipping forward 
 over the animal's withers. 
 
 Thomas Smith, of Urbana Township, who died some 
 years ago, used to relate his love-making experience. He 
 was fat and jolly, and it seems that the incident did not 
 permanently blight his heart. He went by the irreverent 
 appellation of "old Bean Smith." 
 
 He and old Sam Daal were rivals for the hand of the 
 widow \'andever, who lived over the line in Missouri. It 
 took a day or two to make the trip, and it was vitally im- 
 portant that both suitors should not make their calls on the 
 same night, because there was but one room in the house, 
 and the widow and her lover were obliged to sit up all 
 night. There was neither straw-stack nor a dwelling-house 
 near the widow ^'andever's, and if both beaus called on 
 the same date, one would have to go home, as there was 
 no other place to lodge. 
 
 One night, a short time after "old Bean" had called, 
 Djuil shuttled in, not knowing that his rival was present. 
 He was attired in his bare feet, as it was his custom to go 
 barefooted on all occasions. There was a big rain that night, 
 and the creek was up so high that the lover could not recross 
 to return home, liotli suitors sat up with the widow all 
 night, but, as Smith arrived first, he held the "right-of-way," 
 juid did all the wooing, while Daal had to remain a silent 
 spectator with his chin r»'sting in his hands and his elbows 
 supported <m his kne( s. He was a "Pennsylvania Dutch- 
 man." About daylight he slowly raised his head and ob- 
 served: "I likes snapper better as c-o-o-n." 
 
 This confession seems to have been in conformity with 
 the widow's own epicurean tastes, and as snapping-turtles 
 were abundant on the creek, the declaration went straight to 
 liei' lie.irt ; for she married Daal shortly afterwards and the 
 two subsisted happily on "snai»per" for many years. 
 
 While in some respects the methods emi)loyed in pioneer 
 courtship were of a tendency calculated to discourage the 
 candidate, there were other phases of the proce^ss which in 
 tura greatly facilitated the juactitioners in ascertaining the 
 "lay of the land,'' so far as any ojtposition from the girl's 
 parents and Vtrotht vj was conccrnni. 
 
204 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 If the girl's fatker or brother put the young man's horse 
 up and fed it, it was a tacit understanding all round that 
 the matrimonial negotiations between the lovers had the 
 hearty approval of the family; but if the poor animal was 
 left hitched to the fence to shiver and freeze with cold, the 
 young man took the hint, and either gave up the enterprise, 
 or, in company with the girl, ran oft' to Missouri and got 
 married in detiance of the old folks. Thus a young man 
 did not have to encounter the modern disadvantages of 
 uncertainty, and was able to lavish his affections and good 
 money on the girl in an intelligent and definite manner. 
 Nowadays he does not know which way "the cat is going 
 to jump" until the invitation cards are out. He simply 
 invests his mone.y and attections and takes his chances, the 
 same as when dallj^ing with the wheel-of-f ortune spindle. 
 
 After the young folks got married, the bride, if of a well- 
 to-do family, furnished the feather-tick and a quilted '^com- 
 fort" or two, and usually one cow, which every girl on 
 contemplating marriage "claimed" from her pa's herd as 
 her property. The cow was usually well paid for by the 
 young lady in the way of services rendered her pa by 
 "dropping" corn, or hoeing sod-corn, or performing some 
 other field labor. The bridegroom usually supplied a horse, 
 or, under more auspicious circumstances, a mare and colt. 
 His mother usuallj^ gave him a pair of blankets, a straw- 
 tick, and sometimes a bedstead. These, together with a 
 cook-stove, a few dishes, and a pig or two, were about all 
 a young married couple needed in the way of furniture for 
 the fiirst year; but invariably at or near the end of the year 
 the young couple added to their collection of household 
 utensils a rectangular box, mounted on the two semicircular 
 halves of a barrel-head, each placed transversely near either 
 end of the box and nailed edgewise on the bottom. 
 
 The '^wool-picking" was a social event corresponding 
 in some respects to the tea-party of the present day, only 
 the hostess did not resort to the preliminary formality of 
 issuing invitation c^rds; she did not receive her guests in 
 a satin gown, and the hour and minute when the guests were 
 expected to depart w-ere not stated, as on an invitation card. 
 
 When the guests had all assembled, the wool was 
 placed in bunches upon the chairs. Chairs were usually of 
 the "split-bottom" variety — i. c, the bottoms were formed 
 of strips of hickory or lind bark Interwoven. (There was 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 205 
 
 always a handy raan in every neighborhood who bottomed 
 chairs.) Then tlie wool was biaten with sticks until it 
 was loosened up, and tlie grit and dirt drojtjted down through 
 the chair bottom. The guests then took it by small bunches 
 and "picked" it with their fingers until the fibers were all 
 loosely intermixed. While doing this, they chatted and 
 gossiped just as ladies now do over their tea. 
 
 After being "picked,'' the wool was ready to be washed. 
 It was usually taken to some clear pool of water of some 
 neighboring stream, and, when placed in tubs of hot water, 
 was tramped by barefooted boys until of a snowy white 
 color, when it was taken to the carding machine, greased, 
 and run into ''rolls," or long loose ropes about the diameter 
 of one's finger. These were then ready for the big spinning- 
 wheel, which was to be found in every well-regulated 
 family. 
 
 This wheel was a wooden circle, about five feet in 
 diameter, and in the center of its periphery was a groove, 
 in which ran a band or c(U'd, wliich, acting as a belt in con- 
 nection with the spindle, caused the latter to revolve with 
 great rapidity when the wheel was put in motion. The 
 housewife would moisten the end of the "roll" with her 
 thumb and finger, place it in contact with the spindle, start 
 the wheel by means of a short stick held in the hand, with 
 which she struck a spoke of the wheel with a propelling 
 movement. The wheel was made to revolve with great 
 rapidity. The spindle, humming cheerfully, would twist 
 the "roll" into a strand of yarn the length of the roll, when 
 another roll was spliced on, and a continuous thread was 
 thus spun. 
 
 The ''Ha in/ Nation:' 
 
 When the Lord confused the tongues at the building of 
 the tower of Babel, a small colony, finding that they could 
 not babble with any degree of satisfaction, concluded they 
 would follow Horace Greeley's advice and "go west and 
 grow up with the country." They departed in eight small 
 vessels, whicli were "tight like unto a dish.'' as the re])ort 
 says. They finally landed on the New England coast, in the 
 State of New York, where they grew into a great nation. 
 They inhabited America for about fifteen hundred years, 
 and were finally all destroyed for their wickedness about 
 six hundred years before Thrist. The prophet Esther wrote 
 
206 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 their history. He lived to witness their entire destruction, 
 and deposited his record where it was afterwards found by 
 a colony of Jews, who came from Jerusalem six hundred 
 years before Christ, to repeofjle America. This last colony 
 were descendants of the tribe of Joseph. They increased 
 rapidly, and finally became divided into. two mighty nations. 
 One of these nations was called the Nephites and the other 
 the Lamanites, Nephi being the leader of one branch and 
 Laman of the other. 
 
 The Lamanites were dark-skinned, and did not take 
 much to civil pursuits. They wore feathers down their 
 backs, and bear-claws as ornaments around their necks. 
 They were copper-colored, and became skilled with the bow. 
 The Nephites were fair-complected, and received enlighten- 
 ment. They were highly favored of the Lord, and received 
 visions and the gift of prophecy, and finally were favored 
 with a personal appearance of the Lord. 
 
 The two tribes got along nicely for a while, and by close 
 application to study soon learned to talk in a language of 
 their own. The children of these pioneer families learned 
 their A B C's rapidly, and multiplied on the face of the 
 earth. The two tribes finally drew the color line, and fell 
 out. They began a war of extermination. 
 
 The Nephites occupied the lower portion of North 
 America and Central America. Here they built the cities 
 of Ottulum, Gadiandi, (Jimgimno, and others, in the reign 
 of King Jacobuggath the Second. 
 
 The old sunken city of Port Royal, on the Nicaragua 
 coast, submerged far beneath the surface of the blue depths 
 of the ocean, was one of these ancient cities; for, as the 
 prophet Coriantimer said: "Behold, the great city of 
 Zarahemla have I burned with fire, and the inhabitants 
 thereof. And behold, that great city of Moroni have I 
 caused to be sunk into the depths of the sea, and the in- 
 habitants thereof to be drowned. And behold, the great 
 city of Moronihah have T covered with earth, and the in- 
 habitants thereof, to hide their iniquities and their abomi- 
 nations from before my face. The city of Gilgal have I 
 caused to be sunk; yea, and the city of Onihah and the 
 inhabitants thereof, and the city of Mocum and the inhab- 
 itants thereof; and waters have I caused to come up in the 
 stead thereof." 
 
 Mormon was a gentleman who lived at that time and 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, !O^VA. 207 
 
 wrote a history of his people. When he died, his son Moroni 
 continued the records down to A. 1). ISlM). and tlien dei>osited 
 them in a vault on a hillside, called Cuiuoiah, in what is 
 now Oneida (^ounty, Manchester Township, New York. 
 
 Here the records remained until .Iose[)h Smith, in 1824, 
 was directed to the spot by an anjiel of the Lord. The 
 anjrel showed Smith the locality, but would not let him take 
 them up until he had spent four years in prayer and fasting. 
 Then in 1827 the anjjel escorted Joe to the spot and told 
 him he might dig. Joe dug, and ]>ried open the vault, and 
 found two tablets of beaten gold containing Hebrew 
 characters. "And lol the angel of the Lord, who had 
 previously visited him. again stood in his presence, and he 
 was filled with the Holy Spirit, and the glory of the Lord 
 shone round about him.'' 
 
 Smith claimed further, that with the tablets he found 
 two clear stones, corresponding to the urim and thummim 
 of the r>ible. These he looked through and translated the 
 inscriptions, from which he devised the "Book of Mormon," 
 which contains the foregoing narrative. 
 
 The Nephites were all exterminated by the Lamanites. 
 The Lamanites were the American Indians. Smith had 
 jireviously found a pair of very clear pebbles, and the 
 tliougliT occurred to him to turn them to some account. 
 
 At about that time a gentleman named S]»aulding, 
 having visited the country of the Montezumas and made a 
 study of Aztec and Toltec archeology, wrote a fictitious 
 sketch, purporting to be a history of the early settlements 
 of America, prior to the times of Columbus. Joe Smith 
 stole the manuscript before Spaulding got it printed, and 
 as soon as the latter died, he, with the aid of Sidney Rigdon, 
 dressed it up into what they called the ''liook of Mormon," 
 on which is based the religion of the Mormon Church. 
 
 Later.the ^rormons, iinder the leadership of Smith, were 
 driven from place to place; and when they were expelled 
 from Xauvoo. 111., «Tfter the assassination of their prophet 
 in the Carthage jail in 1840, they, under the leadership of 
 their new prophet, Brigham Young, began their long march 
 f'»r the Salt Lake basin. \Yhih» en route many stoppeil 
 along the way to rest and raise a crop before continuing 
 their wearisome journey. Some settled in Davis County, 
 Iowa, while others settled in Monroe County and at Garden 
 Grove. Lucas County, and other places in the West. 
 
208 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Those who settled in Davis County were called the 
 "Hairy Nation," and the same appellation was applied to 
 those who settled in Monroe County, in Mantua Township. 
 While they had been Mormons, they apostatized when 
 Young, the new leader and prophet, began to inculcate the 
 doctrine of polygamy. It will be remembered that polygamy 
 was not instituted in the church until Brigham Young was 
 selected as their leader. Hence the ''Hairy Nation" were 
 never polygamous Mormons. 
 
BISTORT OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 209 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 Early Joys and tSorrown. 
 
 While the early settlers had to eiicoiuiter many hard- 
 ships, there were still a few threads of gold running in the 
 woof and warp of their pioneer lives. Their cheeks were 
 aglow with health, their hopes were strong, and their hearts 
 were light. 
 
 There were no social barriers excluding the poor from 
 the rich; all were poor in this world's goods, yet all enjoyed 
 a wealth of honor, social equality, and contentment. Some- 
 times the meal-chest became empty, and before Haymaker's 
 mill had been built on Cedar Creek, a domestic strait of this 
 kind entailed considerable inconvenience on the settler. A 
 milling trip required from a week's to three weeks' time. 
 Sometimes the settler had to 'Svait his turn" for several 
 days. When this was llie case, he slept in the mill at night, 
 f>r used his own wagon as a sleeping apartment. He also 
 look along ])r()visions for several days, and if these became 
 exhausted, he had his rifle and fishing tackle with which to 
 solve the dihMuma. The mills were located at Bentons])ort, 
 Keosauqua, or sometimes the settler had to go as far as 
 liurlington. 
 
 ^^'hen there wei'c deep snows or imi)assable roads, every- 
 body ran out of bread-stuff and had to either live on boiled 
 corn or else take their corn to the home of the writer's 
 grandfather, Thos. Hickenloo])er. who lived where the town 
 of Foster now stands, and grind their grist on a hand-mill 
 something similar to the spice-mills now seen in grocery 
 stores. It was operated by a crank, and contained a fly- 
 wheel about two feet in diametei'. drinding on this mill 
 was laborious work, and, like the mills of the gods, ground 
 slowly; but not exceedingly fine, like the latter, for the buhrs 
 were dull. The remains of the old mill are still lying about 
 the old Uickenl<)0i)er homestead. 
 
 It may seem strange to state that during the first few 
 years of the county's settlement water was scarce. The 
 settlers either did not know where to dig for it or else there 
 was none on the fiat, high, prairie regions. Old settlers 
 still claim that there was but little living water in the 
 
210 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 ground until after the soil liad been broken and cultivated 
 for several seasons. It all drained off into streams, the 
 virgin sod shedding it without absorbing it. Nobody ever 
 thought of constructing ponds or reservoirs. 
 
 The prairie-itch was another pioneer luxury which the 
 people of the present generation do not enjoy. It usually 
 entered on a seven-years lease with the latter, but at the 
 end of that period the lessee was seldom evicted from the 
 premises. It ran through families, and many well regulated 
 families were never without it. It was a sort of heirloom 
 in those families. It is generally understood that the itch 
 is fostered by habits of filth and unwholesome neglect of 
 Ihe bodily condition, thus inviting a small animal parasite 
 to burrow near the surface of the skin, subsisting on the 
 impurities of the blood. It is hard, however, to account for 
 the greater prevalence of the dise.ise in early days unless 
 it may be referred to the fact that in those days of 
 scarcity of clothing many peoide were obliged to wear a 
 single suit for a great length of time without change or 
 washing. This, of course, rendered the skin impure, and 
 made it possible for the parasite to seize a foothold. 
 
 21) c Charkari. 
 
 In 1847 there were but four families in the village of 
 Albia. Two of these families occupied the little log court- 
 liouse — viz., the Flints and the Marcks. Dr. Flint had two 
 charming daughters — Amy and Nancy. Jonas Wescoatt 
 won the heart of the fair Amy, and Robert Meek, who for 
 many years since was one of the proprietors of the well- 
 known woolen mills of Bonaparte, la., wooed the equally 
 charming Nancy. Tlie wedding was to be a double affair, 
 and special efforts were taken by tlie contracting parties 
 to evade the inevitable charivari. 
 
 On the 10th of October the wedding day was arranged, 
 and Mr. Meek drove over in a spring-wagon, and the plan 
 was to drive to Eddyville immediately after the ceremony 
 and escape the serenading crowd. During the evening of 
 the 9th the boys ''got wind" of the affair on the morrow, 
 and of the plans to escape; so they took off one of the wagon- 
 wheels and concealed it. No trace of the wheel could be 
 found, and the bridal parties were thrown into great con- 
 sternation. When the hour fixed for the marriage arrived, 
 the justice made his appearance on time, but the bridal 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 211 
 
 quartet was conspicuously absent. The assembled crowd of 
 boys grew uproarious in their glee, for they thought the 
 wedding had been postponed. The justice, however, had 
 been notified to return home and reai)pear in the evening 
 and tie the knot secretl3\ He did so, and the newly coupled 
 quartet repaired to the cottage of Mr. Wescoatt to spend the 
 night. 
 
 In the meantime, however, when Mr. Michael Lower, 
 the justice, reappeared, he was followed by a spy, who saw 
 the nuptial proceedings and communicated the fact to the 
 crowd. Late at night they stormed the Wescoatt strong- 
 hold and forced the garrison .to capitulate. The charivari 
 was a grand success, and each bride w^as compelled to 
 present herself to receive the blessing of the crowd. 
 
 In the morning the missing w-heel was found by the side 
 of the wagon. 
 
 An Interesting Find. 
 
 One fall, in the '50s, Dr. Gutch, then a young medical 
 student, was teaching school near where klaxon now stands. 
 One day, during the noon hour, he and the schoolboys were 
 out on the hillsides, gathering hazel-nuts. They saw a 
 strange object some distance away, near the roadside. Some 
 thought it a deer, others a mad dog having a fit. They crept 
 cautiously up to it to investigate, and they finally discovered 
 that it was a man. They approached the apparently lifeless 
 form, and discovered it to be that of Joe McMullen. Gutch 
 examined his pulse, and then remarked: "Damned if he ain't 
 alive!" They carried him to a hay-stack near by, and in due 
 time he became conscious, and returned home. Be had just 
 made a horse-trade with Jesse Snodgrass, and had gotten 
 ^15 to boot. He had considered it a good trad*'; and to get 
 the better of Jesse Snodgrass, in a horse-trade was an 
 achievement worthy of celebrating by taking a drink at 
 Harrow's grocery. He had taken a little too much, and on 
 his return home had become "becalmed." 
 
 Bee-Hunting. 
 
 The early settlers found the forests alive with wild 
 honey-bees. Almost anyone could find a bee-tree by stroll- 
 ing through tlie woods and examining every knot-hole in the 
 trees; but the professional bee-hunter had a more method- 
 ical way of locating the hive. The honey-bee, as everyone 
 
212 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 knows, flies straight, or in a "bee-line," to its home, when 
 laden with honey, and in order to get the exact bearings of 
 the bee-tree, the hunter took the "course" of the homing-bee. 
 There were several ways of securing these observations. One 
 way was for the hunter to lie down flat on the ground in the 
 midst of a growth of wild flowers, and as the bee which came 
 to work on the blossoms took its departure, the falcon- 
 eyed bee-hunter got its "course" and followed it up. Some- 
 times the distance would be a mile or more. 
 
 It is said that when the bee-hunter became old and dim 
 of eyesight, he seized the bee, and, removing its sting, thrust 
 in its place a tiny white feather, and then released the insect. 
 In its flight homeward he could follow with his eye the white 
 feather for a long distance. This, however, is perhaps a 
 popular vagarism. 
 
 Another method was to attract the bee to a certain lo- 
 cality by means of "bait." This bait consisted of a pair of 
 corn-cobs placed in a fruit-can and saturated with a saline 
 fluid always available. The bees would gather in large num- 
 bers, and the hunter, lying on his stomach underneath the 
 suspended "bait," got his "courses." 
 
 Another method was to go into the forest and burn 
 lioneycorab, when the scent of the burning would attract 
 Ihe bees. 
 
 Sometimes a bee-tree would yield as high as several 
 liundred pounds of honey, and the hunter's accumulation of 
 sweets was usually stored in "dug-outs," or large troughs 
 made of cottonwood logs. 
 
 Among the writer's earliest recollections are several of 
 these old "dug-outs" stored in his grandfather's smoke-house. 
 They had at first been used to hold honey, then, later, as re- 
 ceptacles for containing pork; and, within the writer's recol- 
 lection, held soft soap. Barrels were not so plentiful as 
 now, and it was an easy task to hollow out a large log of soft 
 wood to take their place. 
 
 Bee-trees are still frequently found in the woods, but the 
 hives do not thrive, and seldom live through the winter. The 
 bees are from tame colonies, and they do not seem to adapt 
 themselves to habitations in trees. 
 
 The Log-Cabin. 
 
 The nearest approach to a "house not made with hands" 
 was the log-shanty of the "squatter." The logs did not so 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 213 
 
 much as have the bark removed, and the floor, at least, was 
 made by the Supreme Architect of the universe, for it con- 
 sisted of the bare ground. The chimney was made of sticks 
 and mud, and the roof was formed of chipboards, or, not un- 
 frequently, of layers of slough-grass. 
 
 This dwelling was but a temporary structure, and as 
 soon as the '^sq natter" made up his mind to take a claim, he 
 set about to erect a more elaborate building. He cut the 
 finest white oak logs which he could find in the forest, hewed 
 them perfectly square and smooth, and with his ox-team 
 hauled them to his building-site. Then he invited the entire 
 community to the "house-raising." This was a tremendous 
 social affair. The neighboring housewives, for a radius of 
 ten or twelve miles, came in and helped bake pumpkin pies. 
 or brought them with other victuals already cooked. The 
 young ladies came too, but, as they were ''dressed up" in 
 their "hoops," they merely "set around," or helped wait on 
 the .tables. 
 
 In the crowd there were always men who were locally 
 famous as good "cornermen" — i. c, men who could carry up 
 the corner of a log-house with more skill than others. One 
 of these was selected for each of the four corners, and, as 
 might be supposed, each vied with the other in a contest of 
 skill. When the writer's grandfather's house was erectea, 
 the prospective occupant of the structure offered a premium 
 of a bushel of potatoes to the "cornerman" doing the best 
 job. Allan White bore off" the prize, though Lewis Arnold 
 came in as a close second. 
 
 This house was built in 1848 or 1850, and was a large 
 two-story. It was then sided with lumber hauled from "the 
 river" and was skirted with two verandas and all painte<l 
 white. It was one of the largest edifices in the neighbor- 
 hood, and its owner, in consequence of a kind of baronial 
 homage, accorded to him by his neighbors through a venera- 
 tion for the size of the house and the number of chimneys, 
 elected him "squire," and his son Charles constable, which 
 emohiments they shared for several yeai's. The house is 
 still standing, and when remodeled, a few months ago, the 
 huge square logs were found to be as firm and solid as when 
 they were placed in position nearly forty years ago; but the 
 "cornermen" are all long since dead. 
 
 When a house was raised, and the "puncheon" floor laid, 
 the festivities were concluded by a big dance, or "ball," as 
 
214 HISTORY OF MONRUfJ COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 the eminently respectable tone of the pioneer dance was en- 
 titled to be termed. It was a thoroughly cultivated and re- 
 spectable affair, and was very different from many of the 
 public dances of the present day. 
 
 The "Hoedown:' 
 
 Such is the name commonly applied to the free-for-all 
 public dance. While those who participate in the "hoe- 
 down" are by no means rude or scantily civilized, yet at the 
 public dance-house they come in contact, and for the time 
 being, at least, are placed on the same social level, with 
 persons of both sexes whom they would not recognize on 
 the street or in the home. 
 
 At the common "hoedown" those French terms used 
 
 by the man who "calls off" are Anglicised into plain English; 
 
 for instance, the caller will shout the familiar term "Chassez 
 
 partners!" but in the "hoedown" whirl it is translated into: 
 
 "Swing your taw, 
 
 Eveiybody dauce to please Grandpa!" 
 
 Another term is indicated thus : 
 
 "Crow hop out and bird hop in, 
 All jine flippers and swing 'em agin!" 
 
 Or, if the gentleman is directed to swing to the right 
 and the lady to the left, the man who "calls off" shouts 
 from his elevated position on the inverted barrel: "Jay- 
 bird to the right, yellow-hammer to the left!" 
 
 Taken as a whole, the "hoedown" has its legitimate 
 place in society, and ought not to be too harshly criticised. 
 
 Camp-Meetings and Watei'-Melons. 
 
 Unhappily, the old-fashioned Methodist camp-meeting 
 is a joy of the past. The church edifice has long since 
 gathered the people away from "God's first temples" and 
 encompassed them by frescoed walls and vaulted ceilings. 
 Instead of "Coronation," "Antioch," and "Old Hundred" 
 rolling out upon the assemblage o^ rich and poor alike in 
 a flood of harmony, awakening a spiritual warmth in every 
 heart, the fashionable church walls reecho the superb strains 
 of some lofty anthem, which, while sung by a trained choir, 
 accompanied by violin, cornet, and pipe organ, yet fails to 
 find a responsive chord in every heart. 
 
 The aged sister, old-fashioned in both her ways and her 
 garb, likes to go where she can try to sing, even though 
 she cannot "carry ^ tune." At the old-time camp-meeting 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 21 "» 
 
 she could both exercise her discordant voice and wear her 
 plain bonnet and calico };own without being stared at. 
 
 The meeting was conducted under the foliage of some 
 grove, or sometimes beneath a great tent. Those who at- 
 tended from a distance lived in tents pitched on the grounds, 
 where the}' cooked their meals and slept at night on straw- 
 beds. The camp-meeting was usually ht'ld in September, 
 and the water-melon was the fruit olTering and the fried 
 chickens the burnt ottering at this sacred tabernacle. 
 
 Of later years, the modern "holiness" oifshoot of the 
 United ]irethren Church, and a kindred organization split- 
 ting off from the Methodist and other churches, and taking 
 the name of "Friends,"' have each revived the old-time 
 camp-meeting to some extent. They hold periodical sessions 
 in camps, and in their devotional practices are distinguished 
 by a fervor in some cases amounting to a frenz}'. At times 
 the subject lies in a cataleptic state for hours, unconscious 
 of surroundings. 
 
 The "Hardshell" or Missionary Baptist preachers of 
 early days approached nearest to the ideal conception of 
 John tlie Baptist of any of the champions of Christ. While 
 they did not subsist on locusts, they may have begirted them- 
 selves with leathern girdles. At any rate, they were usually 
 of a migratory species of divine, ranging up and down the 
 streams and holding revivals in the little school-houses. 
 They scorned to preach for money and always guaranteed 
 salvation "without money and without price-ah." They 
 affixed the syllable '*alr' to the end of every sentence as a 
 sort of declamatory balance-wheel to regulate the inflections 
 of their vtuces They were good men in any cai)acity, but 
 they had a particular aversion to high-toned churches, and 
 to preachers who wore "biled"' shirts and paper collars. 
 
 The writer remembers old Brother Jackson, who used 
 to ''labor'' down on Soap Creek. "Brethren and sisturn," 
 he used to say, "I ain't one of them big guns wlio ]»reaches in 
 the great cities like Centerville and ]Moravia and Albia and 
 Ottumwa ah. but hit's always been my lot to i)reach in the 
 dark corners of the earth-ah, wliar the pt>l biles the slowest 
 luid the purse is the lightest -ah!" 
 
 Brother Jackson's dramatic illustration of the sinner's 
 imminent danger of hell-fire was clothed in all the fervent 
 imagery of Dante's "Inferno." "And now, dyin' sinner-ah. 
 you are hangin' by a cortl to a liml) that bends over the lake 
 
216 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 of fire and brimestone-ah. The blue blazes of etarnal heil- 
 fire have about burned the limb in two. It bends, it crack- 
 les as its wood is roasted, and your body settles further 
 down into the lake! Then the cord takes fire, and is burnin' 
 in two-ah, and that is how you are hangin' to-night-ah. Your 
 thread of life is about burned in two, and your soul is settlin' 
 down in the lake of unquenchable flre-ah." 
 
 Jim Pollard, when at the flood-tide of his spiritual zeal, 
 was a power in the land. When he ascended the pulpit, he 
 invariably removed his coat, and later on, as he warmed up, 
 threw off his vest, and by this time the sermon began to as- 
 sume a funnel-shaped form., and those of the congregation 
 nearest the pulpit began to scamper for back seats. 
 
 One Sunday morning, while mowing slough-grass in the 
 Soap Creek bottom, the Lord came to him in a vision and 
 recommended that he mend his ways. He (Jim) said: "As I 
 swung the scythe to and fro, the stubbles would strike 
 against it, and the scythe would say: 'Go to meetin', Jim! 
 go to meetin', Jim !' Then when I would whet the blade, the 
 scythe-stone would say, as it struck it on either side: 'Go 
 quick, go long! go quick, go long!' " 
 
 On another occasion Brother Pollard called at the home 
 of Dr. Arnold in Urbana Township, while the family were 
 at breakfast. They had boiled cabbage, and Jim was spe- 
 cially fond of boiled cabbage. "Won't you sit up and take 
 breakfast with us?" asked Mrs. Arnold. "Ah, no!" was 
 his reply, as he looked wistfully at the dish of cabbage; "I 
 am too full of the love of God to hold cabbage!" He had 
 just returned from a revival. 
 
 On another occasion he had just returned from a preach 
 ing tour in Missouri, and had received a call to preach at the 
 school-house at Albany. He began his discourse with this 
 exordium: "Brethren and sisters, Jonah was puked out of 
 the whale to go and preach to the people of Ninevah, and I 
 have just been puked out of Missouri to preach to you-uns!" 
 
 Emhryo Tillages. 
 
 There are numerous sites of former villages in Monroe 
 County, which, like Goldsmith's "Sweet Auburn," have 
 vanished, save now and then a garden flower to mark the spot 
 "where once the garden smiled." In the spring and summer 
 of 1856 immigration was at its flood-tide. In every neighbor- 
 hood a village was laid out, the interests of which were 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 217 
 
 boomed bv the projector of the town. There were no rail- 
 roads in the county at that time, and no one locality had any 
 advantage over its rival in the matter of location. In time, 
 however, most of these hamlets died down from the effect 
 of the natural law of a survival of the fittest, 
 
 Ln the summer of ISofl the village of Fairview, or Cuba, 
 as it was subsequently named, was laid out in Mantua Town- 
 ship, The place exists to-day only in name-, and is a few 
 miles east of the town of Avery, At one time it was a 
 promising village, but the C, B. & Q. Railroad passed north 
 of it. and the town of Avery killed it, 
 
 Eldorado, in Cedar Township, was also started and 
 looked promising on paper. It boasted of two houses. 
 
 In 1858 a Mr. Evans laid out the town of Osprey, and it 
 had one house as a starter. It soon died, 
 
 Smithsfield and Hollidaysburg were also candidates for 
 municipial greatness, but soon shared a like fate, 
 
 IMeasant Corners, in Pleasant Town.ship, situated about 
 a mile north of the present village of Frederic, was once a 
 lively village. It had a store, blacksmith shop, and a 
 ''Seceder" church. To-day it is one of the loveli»^st spots in 
 the county, but it has ceased to be a village. 
 
 Urbana City was started about the same time. It was 
 once a flourishing village, and was the seat of Soap Creek 
 civilization and commerce. It contained a flouring mill, 
 .school-house, blacksmith shop, two stores, a shingle-splitter, 
 and a .saloon. To-day it is a corn-field. 
 
 Along about the year 1890, Frank Fritchle laid out the 
 town of Minerstown, a half-mile west of the present town of 
 Foster, in -Monroe Township. The town was regularly sur- 
 veyed and platted, and was intended as a rival of Foster, 
 just starting. There was but one house er(H?ted in the town, 
 but the streets and avenues remain on paper, and are well 
 preserved. 
 
 Selection is a po.st-oflSce five miles south of Albia on the 
 Centerville, Moravia & Albia Railway. Some years ago it 
 boasted of a water-tank and general store, but it never grew, 
 and while there is slill a store at the i>la('e, the tank has been 
 removed, and the railway station building has been locked up 
 for years, there being no agent at the place. 
 
 The ''Water-Witchr 
 Necessity is said to be the mother of invention, and as 
 water is one of the necessities of life, it inav also be stated 
 
218 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 that it is the maternal relative to the "water-witch." If this 
 mystical personage may also be permitted to claim a paternal 
 progenitor, we will say that Ignorance is the father of the 
 "water-witch." When the country was new, water, as we 
 have already stated, was often scarce, or difficult to locate 
 in veins in the earth. Then, like a Moses smiting the rock 
 with his rod, the "water-witch"' arose with his "divining- 
 rod," to tell people where to dig. Professors of this occult 
 science usually selected some fruit-bearing twig — a forked 
 switch, each prong a foot or more in length. He grasped 
 each prong in the hand and walked around with the switch 
 pointing in front. In passing immediately over a spring in 
 the earth the stick would point downward, according to pop- 
 ular belief. The switch, in the hands of a right good "witch," 
 would be so persistent in its efforts to point downward that 
 it is claimed that in grasping it tightly the "witch'^s" grip 
 would sometimes rub off the bark from the twig, or even 
 break it. A good "witch" could always tell how far down 
 the water might be found. The "divining-rod" was a little 
 capricious in its action. It would not point down if actually 
 held over a pond of water, or water in plain view. It was a 
 way it had of doing, and the witch did not make any efforts 
 to explain the seeming contradictory phenomenon, 
 
 Schools and School-Teachers. 
 
 The fountain-head from which may indirectly be traced 
 all that is worthy of historic record is the little school-house. 
 From its lowly and sequestered location hovers the star of 
 civilization and enlightenment, which, like the star over the 
 manger at Bethlehem, illuminates the world with a prophetic 
 light no less hopeful or propitious. 
 
 Popular education is the keystone supporting the tri- 
 umphal arch of human greatness. It is neither the college, 
 seminary, nor university which is lifting enlightenment 
 and happiness to the skies. It is the little white school-house 
 throughout the land poised upon a thousand hills. 
 
 The first school-house erected in the county was built 
 in Pleasant Township in 1844. It was known as the Pleasant 
 School, and later, the surrounding township was named 
 Pleasant Township in honor of the little school-house. It 
 stood on the Gray farm, and Lorania Adams, of Blakesburg, 
 was the first teacher. Dudley C. Barber was the next teacher, 
 and taught the winter term of 1844. 
 
HISTORY OP MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 219 
 
 In tlie early '50s Hon. T. B. Perry, our present State 
 senator, taught a school in the village of Albia. At that 
 time there was no school-building and the school was con- 
 ducted in the little frame M. E. ('hurch building. Some years 
 later. Mrs. M. A. R. Cousins taught a select school in Albia, 
 Mr. Marck was also a successful teacher in the early days of 
 Albia, but these private schools of courseafforded but meager 
 facilities for educating the children, and Professor George 
 instituted the Albia High School, which he conducted for a 
 long time. 
 
 -Mrs. ANGIK kF.ll /I.I 
 
 NKlil. LOl'NTY. 
 
 In 1863 the population of the Albia school district be- 
 came so large that the Christian and Baptist church was 
 rented for scliool purposes. The next year the School Board 
 levied a 5-mill tax and bought the dwelling-house of W. C. 
 Hatton, which faces the Commercial Hotel on the west, and 
 which is now occupied by Mr. Wm. Peppers. 
 
220 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 
 
 ALBIA HIGH SCHOOL BUILDING. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE CODNTY, IOWA. 
 
 221 
 
 In 1808 the independent district of Albia erected a threo- 
 story brick biiildin<i: on the site where the magnificent Higli 
 School biiildiuo- of to-day stands. It cost $28,000, but in 
 1878 it was destroyed by fire. The present structure was 
 bnilt in 1S79 at a cost of about 1^^.0,000, which price is remark 
 ably low for the dimensions and character of the edifice. It 
 is one of the best school edifices in southern Iowa, and the 
 Albia High School ranks among the first of any in the State 
 for educational success. Its graduates are eligible to en- 
 trance into the State I^niversitv. 
 
 SOMK SWKKT C.IRI, C.kAUrATKS. CLASS <)1- M,, AI.HIA H1C.H SCHOOI, 
 
 In 1S!)4 the (Irant School building was erected in llic 
 Si>uth Tai-k addition to Albia. It is a liandsome three-story 
 brick, <lesigned to accommodate the lower grades of the High 
 Scliool. It cust .«:10.000. 
 
 The ])rin('ipal of the High Scliool hobls his term of office 
 for three years. Professor HoUingsworlh is the present in- 
 cumbent. His staff of assistants for the school-term just 
 closed consists of Miss Martha McQuade, 1st assistant; 
 Mrs. L. B. Carlisle, 2d assistant; Mrs. H. O. Hickenlooper, 
 
222 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 8th grade; Mr. i^lbert Ewers., 7th grade; Miss Alice White, 
 6th grade, Miss Myrtle Harlow, 5th grade, consolidated; 
 Miss Maggie Harlow, 4th grade; Miss Orphia Rigdon, 3d 
 grade; Mrs. O'Bryan, 2d grade and primary grade. Miss 
 Myrtle Harlow's department was transferred to the Grant 
 School. 
 
 GRANT SCHOOL BUILDING, ALBIA, IOWA. 
 
 The teachers of the Grant School were : Mr. L. Bay, 7th 
 and Sth grades; Miss Mja'tle Harlow, 5th and 6th grades; 
 Miss Laura Dashiell, 4th and 5th grades; Miss Daisy Sales, 
 primary grade. 
 
 The old-time pedagogue is a creature of the past. He is 
 a genus now well-nigh extinct, and the very agent which it 
 was his mission to promote has tended to his own extinction. 
 He was a creature of meager education and not unfrequently 
 of a low order of intellect. In some cases, however, the old- 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 223 
 
 fashianed sohool-iuaster was fairly educatod for tho times, 
 and lie was usually the best informed man in the neighbor- 
 hood. He could read, write, and "cipher," and that was 
 about the whole range of learning in tliose days. If the pupil 
 ])assed beyond these, he was looked upon with suspicion. 
 He was acquiring too much "book-laruin," which, in the esti- 
 mation of the pioneer "fog}'," was a certain precursor of 
 moral ruin. The schoolmaster's local reputation of being a 
 fiavant rested on his i)rofound knowledge of mathematics, 
 jind whenever two farmers got into a dispute as to whether 
 a hilly row of corn contained more corn-hills than a level one, 
 reasoning from the analogous assumption that a serpentine 
 line, if drawn taut, would thereby be increased in length, 
 the}' referred the i)roblem to the school-master, from whose 
 unbiased and dispassionate decision there was no appeal. 
 
 Algebra was not taught in the common branches at that 
 day, but there was a rule in arithmetic, known as "Position," 
 which in some measure supplied the place of an algebraic 
 equation, in certain problems. The rule consisted in assum- 
 ing any number as a basis of ciilculation, and then, as one 
 would be found to exceed the number to be ascertained, and 
 the other less than that number, their relative relation to the 
 given number would be noted and the required number 
 found. The rule was, as the total of the errors are to the 
 given sum, so is the supposed number to the true one re- 
 quired. There was "Single Position" and "Double Posi- 
 tion." The rule for "Double Position" was to place each er- 
 ror against its respective position, multiply them cross-wise, 
 and if the errors were alike — that is, both greater or less than 
 the given number — divide the difference of the products by 
 the difference of the errors, and the quotient was the answer ; 
 but if the errors were unlike, the sum of the products should 
 be divided by the sum of the errors. 
 
 Put the "Pule of Three" was tlie repository of the school- 
 master's mathematical genius. There was the "Kule of 
 Three Direct" and the "Rule of Three Inverse," the "Single 
 Rule of Three" and the "Double Rule of Three." This rule 
 and that of "Position" were obsolete, however, within the 
 history of Monroe County. 
 
 Then came "Vulgar Fractions," and then "Exchange," 
 which latter was very voluminous. 
 
 In later years, when Joseph Ray introduced his mathe- 
 matics in text form, his "Third Part" was the arithmetic in 
 
224 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 which the student found himself hopelessly engulfed in the 
 intricacies of mathematics. The first snag he ran up against 
 was a "sum" called "John Jones' Estate." Here he usually 
 turned back to "review"; but if he succeeded in crossing 
 this mathematical Rubicon, he forged on until he ran head- 
 long into the "dirty page." The "dirty page" contained some 
 miscellaneous problems which were intended to be solved by 
 analysis. This page wore out long before the other pages, 
 notwithstanding the constant use of the "thumb-paper." It 
 was called the "dirty page" because it was soiled by long 
 occupancy by the pupil. 
 
 The student, when he reached about his nineteenth 
 year, quit school; but he usually discontinued school in 
 summer several years earlier. 
 
 In the primitive school-houses the writing-desk was the 
 most conspicuous fixture next to the "master" himself. This 
 desk was arranged all around one side of the room, and was 
 constructed of planks about a foot in width. This desk the 
 boys industriously carved with their jack-knives until every 
 inch of the surface bore the handiwork of some youngster 
 who afterwards carved his name in the roster of citizenship, 
 if not in the niche of fame. 
 
 The "master" set the copies for the pupils, writing with 
 a pen made from a goose-quill. There was no system of pen- 
 manship then in vogue, and the pupil merely imitated the 
 handwriting of the "master," whether it was good or bad. 
 If it was not quite "Spencerian" in elegance or legibility, 
 it usually inculcated a moral precept, such as "A studious 
 boy will learn his lessons well," or "Moments of time are like 
 grains of gold," etc. The boy squared his elbows, grasped his 
 pen with the firm grasp of a mariner upon his oar when pull- 
 ing his surf-boat through a heavy sea, then he lowered his 
 head until his eye was on a level with his desk, and, glancing 
 alternately at the copy and the point of his pen, proceeded 
 to imitate the handwriting, using his tongue as a sort of 
 lever to regulate the strokes of the pen. After constructing 
 a few words of the copy, he would prod his neighbor with the 
 point of his pen, or carve a few cuneiform characters on the 
 desk with his knife, as an abstraction from the strain on his 
 mental powers. ' . 
 
 Grammar was also taught, but with indifferent success. 
 
 Spelling was the chief occupation of the school-room, 
 and the pupil learned to spell by conning over long columns 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 225 
 
 of words in Wobstor's blno-backod spcllci-. This speller con- 
 tained two illustrated narratives, wlii(;li were intended to 
 convey to the 3'onthfut mind an indelible example of hon- 
 esty. The tragic fate of old dog Tray was set forlh as a warn- 
 ing to those who go in ba<l company. There was also a pict- 
 nre of (he bad bay up tlu^ farmer's apple-tree. The farmer 
 tirst asked him in a gentlemanly way to come down; he de- 
 clined, and then the farmer began to pelt him with turf; still 
 he staid up the tree; then the farmer, sinking that kind words 
 and turf were useless arguments, concluded to see what 
 virtue there was in stones. Another episode, involving the 
 principle of equity, was that of the farmer's bull that gored 
 his neighbor's ox. 
 
 After Webster's speller came McGuffey's spelling-book. 
 It contained a more thorough treatise on the science of 
 orthography, and had ^'dictation exercises," showing the ap- 
 plication of synonyms of the English language. Its main 
 feature, however, was its long columns of words. 
 
 The writer at one time enjoyed the distinction of being 
 one of the "crack" spellers of the district. At this time the 
 spelling-school was at the zenith of its popularity. The spell- 
 ing-school would be announced about a week before the night 
 set. Then a challenge would be sent to a neighboring dis- 
 trict. The recipient of the challenge would marshal the best 
 spellers of the school, and all would be on hand at the ap- 
 pointed place. Two persons — usually a young man and his 
 best girl — would "choose up." Then, afler the seats had all 
 been arranged around the walls, the teacher or i)ei'son whose 
 duty it Avas to "give out" would have the two olioosing parties 
 "guess the page," and that one making the closest guess 
 would have the first choice of spellers in the crowd; the other 
 jtarty then made the s(^cond choice, and the "choosing" wenl 
 on alternately nnlil all were selected on (he (wo sides. The 
 next thing to decide was whether tc) "s(and np and spell 
 down" or (o "send iniinei's." One i)lan was usuallv adop(ed 
 Ix'fore recess and the odier af(er. Tnvariablv (lie formei- 
 plan was adoT)(ed after recess, and then came the tug of wai'. 
 when all had "missed" woi-ds and taken their seats except 
 the champion spellers. They held their <rronnd for a long 
 time, but one by one would go d(n\ ii, nsnally on some triflinir 
 word "missed" by mei-e inattention on (he i»iir( of (he pupil 
 "missing" it. Then the teacher wouM (urn back to "cham- 
 ois"; "chamois" was at the head of a long column of woi-ds of 
 
226 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 mixed phonetic character, and the whole page was considered 
 the hardest of any to spell in the book. When "chamois" 
 would be "given out," the partisans of the respective sides 
 would cheer, and listen with bated breath when the teacher 
 got down to "daguerreotype," because this word was one of 
 the hardest to spell of all. Finally all would go down except 
 two, representing the rival schools. They would hold the 
 floor sometimes for an hour, and sometimes it would result 
 in a drawn battle, neither party missing a word. 
 
 Of late years a radical change in the method of teaching 
 orthograpln'^ has been adopted, and the dear old spelling- 
 school of hallowed school-days memory has become an insti- 
 tution of the past. Even to this day, the recollection of the 
 spelling-school somewhat softens the harsh outlines of our 
 otherwise austere dis])Osition, as the vision arises of the 
 freckle-nosed school-girl with whom we used to "choose up." 
 Her flaxen hair was split at the ends, and stood out behind 
 her ears like a ram's horns, and yet we felt, when sitting by 
 her side, a good deal like one is supposed to feel when sitting 
 beside the throne of grace. She could not spell "putty," 
 yet we always chose her first, so we could sit next to her 
 and whisper to her how to spell her words. The spelling- 
 school was one of the redeeming features of an otherwise im- 
 perfect system of instruction, and since it has grown obso- 
 lete, the general knowledge of correct spelling has suffered 
 materially. 
 
 The popular school-games were "black-man" and "town- 
 ball." "Black-man" was played by both girls and boys. 
 Some one would be "black-man," bases would be planted a 
 few rods apart, and the "black-man" would charge down on 
 the school, who would make a run for the opposite base. If 
 the "black-man" succeeded in catching anyone, the latter 
 would become one of the "black-man's" imps, and would 
 help catch the others, until all were caught but the big, 
 rough, oA'orgrown school-boy; to take him was a difficult 
 task, as not more than one could succeed in getting hold of 
 him at one time. It was a delicious (experience to have one's 
 school-mate sweetheart catch him; then the youth would 
 struggle, seeuiiugly to free himself, but really to necessitate 
 the girl putting her ai'ms around liim to hold him, an ex- 
 pedient which she iuvai-iably found highly necessary. She, 
 in turn, would seldom make much effort to escape her "black- 
 man" beau. It was a great game for the promotion of 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 227 
 
 school-day coiii'tship, or "puppy-love" — a malady with which 
 we have all been alllicted at some time or other. 
 
 "Towu-ball" was the antecedent of the modern popular 
 play of "base-ball." "Two-cornered cat" was another game 
 of ball, in which but four boys participated in a game. 
 
 The teacher in those days usually "boarded round," and 
 il was the custom on the arrival of Christmas to l)ar out the 
 teacher. On the day before Christmas the teacher would 
 arrive at the school-hause in the morning to tind the door and 
 windows barricaded. The big boys would be inside, and 
 "terms of surrender" would be written on a piece of paper 
 and slipped out to the te.acher. This document usually speci- 
 tied a treat of a bushel of apples, candj', or, in the ruder set- 
 tlements, whisky. The teacher invariably demurred, and 
 stormed and railed in sometimes real and sometimes affected 
 rage, and if he did not supply the treat, or make a promise to 
 do so, he was often seized by the crowd and carried bodily to 
 some neighboring creek and threatened with a "ducking" 
 through a hole cut in the ice. Sometimes the teacher climbed 
 to the roof and placed a board over the chimney, forcing the 
 smoke into the room filled with pupils. Then the boys would 
 have to drown out the fire if they had water, and if not. their 
 victory was lost. 
 
 In the year 1847 or 1848 a tall, lank Yankee came into a 
 district in Urbana Township. He was from away down east, 
 and was well dressed and "put on airs." His style of dress 
 so astonished the peaceable denizens of Soap Creek that the 
 new-camer not only became an object of curiosity, but of un- 
 enviable criticism as well. One day he went to the local 
 "swimmin'-hole" on Soap Creek t(» wash. Some mischievous 
 l)oys stole his clothes and the young man was in a desperate 
 strait. He crept through the forest, until he arrived near a 
 dwelling, when he called for the men folks to bring him 
 some clothing. The men were not at home, but four big 
 hounds responded, and, seeing the fugitive naked, mistook 
 him for some big game, and gave chase. The young man 
 climbed a tree, and as the hounds bayed "treed," two young 
 ladies heard the well-known notes of the hounds and 
 hastened to ascertain what they had "treed." After discov- 
 (•ring the game, they beat a hasty retreat and apprised the 
 men folks of the situation, when the latter brought some 
 clothing and released the young man, who soon left the 
 countrv, overcome with mortification. 
 
228 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Soap Greek Jurisprudence. 
 
 The region drained by the classical Soap Creek was al- 
 ways a fruitful locality for the lawyer. These barristers of 
 bygone days were not as profound in legal lore as some of the 
 expounders of Blackstone of to-day, but they were usually 
 equal to any occasion on which their talent and oratory 
 might be called into requisition. 
 
 Every time the stream itself would overflow its banks, 
 a half-dozen law-suits would be among the evil results of the 
 flood. One settler's fence-rails would be swept away and be 
 lodged on the land of his neighbor farther down the stream. 
 The latter would seize them and claim them as his own. If 
 the dispute could not be settled by the amicable arbitrament 
 of a big fight, a law-suit was the inevitable result. Innu- 
 merable important rulings have been made from time to time 
 by *'liis Honor," the justice of the peace, involving the rights 
 of property, and the views taken by the various justices in 
 summing up the evidence in the matter concerning the own- 
 ership of the rails have been rather kaleidoscopic. 
 
 Our old friend, Samuel Gr. Finney, who resides near 
 Blakesburg for some years past, has usually been retained in 
 cases of a civil nature; and K. B. Arnold is usually on one 
 side or the other, also. 
 
 If it is a criminal case. Bill Kinser is much sought for 
 by the defense, and usually brings his client out unscathed. 
 His manner before the magistrate or jury is vehement, and 
 if his case is a hopeless one in which ordinary construction of 
 the law would be unavailing, he usually succeeds in impress- 
 ing the court by means of a superabundance of stupendous 
 oratory. He would not hesitate to engage in a legal duel 
 with the Chief Justice of the United States on a disputed 
 legal point, and if before a court of his own vicinity, would 
 carry oif the prize. 
 
 Bill Knapp and Levi Wood are another strong brace of 
 local attorneys. Knapp's legal success is somewhat ham- 
 pered by conscientious scruples, as he is of a religious turn, 
 and preaches occasionally^ Wood's efforts in the legal pro- 
 fession are unfettered by influences of a similar nature, and 
 his opportunities have full swing. 
 
 Adam Hopkins settled on Soap Creek in about the year 
 1845. He could read and write, and served as justice of the 
 peace for a number of years. His son Perry was usually 
 elected constable. Uncle Adam knew very little about the 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 229 
 
 law, but he had one special merit: he carried out the in- 
 terpretation of it to the letter. In one of his law-books — a 
 sort of "Justice's Guide"^ — was a blank form for rendering 
 judgments, and, as an example, the costs were inserted in 
 the proper space as $:^.50. So whenever it became his duty 
 to issue judgment, he always made the costs $3.50, as if this 
 amount were a fixed sum prescribed by law, like a marriage 
 license fee or a poll-tax. This was, of course, divided be- 
 tween himself and son I'erry. When witnesses demanded 
 their fees. Hopkins informed them that |3.50 was the maxi- 
 mum limit of costs allowed by law, and that if they expected 
 fees, they would have to look to the party who had them 
 subpoenaed. 
 
 Hopkins always fined a man for fighting, but occasion- 
 all}' indulged in the same diversion himself. He and Eleven 
 Dean got into a tight, and Dean was getting the better of 
 him, when Hopkins' son Perry, by virtue of his official capac- 
 ity as constable, rushed in and struck Dean a blow over the 
 head with a billet of wood, at the same time exclaiming in a 
 loud and official tone of voice: "I command the peace in the 
 name of the State of Iowa," Hopkins regained his feet, and, 
 seizing a club, dared Dean or any of his friends to ''come on." 
 Dr. Udell sewed up the opened scalps, and peace once more 
 brooded over the temple of Justice. 
 
 In 1850, during the horse-thief period. Squire Harris 
 was justice of the peace. One day a stranger rode up and 
 swore out a warrant for a man who, he alleged, had stolen a 
 horse. While Harris was issuing the warrant, another 
 stranger rode up to the cabin and arrested the first man. The 
 latlei- was riding a stolen horse, and was attempting to work 
 a "blind," to shield himself. 
 
 Some Pioneer Episodes. 
 
 In early times, the forests, as we have stated already, 
 swai-med with wild bees, and whenever the hunter found a 
 "bee-tree," he carved his initials on the tree, which evidence 
 of ownerslii]) was nniv<'rsally recognized and respected. 
 
 Old Ben Aslibury. who ran a blacksmith shop in Urbana 
 Township, accused Newt Vancleve of cutting a marked 
 bee-tree, and, as it was looked upon as a most heinous of- 
 fense. Newt very naturally resented the charge. Bad blood 
 sprang up between the two, and as old Ben had the reputa- 
 tion of being a "good man." and as young Vancleve had his 
 
230 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 honor to vindicate, it was looked upon as an inevitable re- 
 sult that the two would be bound to meet, and that when 
 this inevitable result occurred, it would be as the meeting of 
 two fierce tides — Greek would meet Greek, when the con- 
 flict came. One day Vancleve was passing the blacksmith 
 shop. Old Ren came to the door, evidently spoiling for a 
 fight. He accosted Newt with mock suavity. With an 
 affected softness of manner, indicated by a courtly bow and 
 swing of the hand, he addressed him : ''How do you do, New- 
 ton, and how are you prospering in this beautiful land of milk 
 and Jioney?" The allusion to honey seemed to have a sting in 
 it, and Newt told him it was none of his "d — d business." 
 Then they went at it. Newt, like young David of old, car- 
 ried a stone, and with it struck the Goliath-like Ben on the 
 head, knocking him senseless. He thought he had killed 
 him. He raised his head and wet his face with water from 
 the slack-tub, and then, procuring some help, carried his 
 victim into the house, where he attended him with the utmost 
 care until he revived. When Ben returned to consciousness 
 and found the 3'^oung man attending him, it challenged his 
 admiration and gratitude, and ever after they were warm 
 friends. 
 
 Ashbury is said to have been a man of many good traits 
 and good intelligence, but he had a violent temper and loved 
 to fight. On another occasion he and a man named Meeks 
 struck up a fight in Blakesburg over politics. Meeks was a 
 Southern sympathizer, or, at least, a Buchanan Democrat. 
 Ashbury was an abolitionist, and struck Meeks with a hand- 
 saw, and came near cutting his throat. He then got Meeks 
 down and pulled his hair. 
 
 On still another occasion some wild boys, in passing his 
 house, aimoyed him by calling out: ''Hello, old Bogus! come 
 out here!" (Bogus was a name the boys gave him.) Some 
 days later, on meeting the boys, old Ben reproved a young- 
 Grimes for his conduct. Grimes denied having been one of 
 the disturbing party, and Ben struck him with a carpenter's 
 square, which came near killing him. Ashbury was arrested 
 and taken before Squire Hiram Hough. Hough had just 
 been elected justice, and was not familiar with the wording 
 of an action for assault and battery; so, after making sev- 
 eral efforts, he gave up the attempt with the excuse that he 
 wished to go to mill. The case was then taken before Squire 
 Thomas Hickenlooper. The aborted information drawn by 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 231 
 
 Hough showed that the defendant had been brought before 
 him on a charge of *'psalt and battery." It was a great day 
 in Squire IIickenk>oper's court. The whoh^ country gath- 
 ered in, and took both dinner and supper with the unfortu- 
 nate justice and family, whose pantry stores wcn'e deidcted 
 thereby. The juiy retired to the corn-crib to weigh the evi- 
 dence and bring in a verdict, and I lie crow*! wnited in the 
 yard. Old Hen had a lU'cnliar habit of thinking out loud, 
 and while moving about in the throng, oblivious to all, li«* 
 solil(Kiuized on the shortcomings of some of the witnesses 
 who had testified against him, to the great amusement of the 
 listening cr(>wd. "There's old 'J>atterhead'; he always was 
 a liar, and they say that back where he came from nobody 
 believed him on oath. And the T — s ain't much better; old 
 
 '( 'rane-neck' says that she can recollect when used to go 
 
 without soles to his shoes, back in Indiana, and his own 
 mother says that he used to be accused of stealin' sheep." 
 
 Old Ren is still alive, and is 01 years of age. He lives 
 at Tingley, Iowa, but is nearing his end rapidly. 
 
 Pioneer Fof/[/isni. 
 
 While the world is full of superstition, even at the pres- 
 ent day, much of the old-time rot and rubbish growing out of 
 an intermingling of ignorance and superstition has been 
 swept away by the advance of education and a higher phine 
 of intelligence. While suijerstition itself may not find as 
 ready lodgement in the mind at the present day, there are 
 yet thousands who do not or cannot eradicate their vagar- 
 isms and absurd fancies by philosophical incjuiry or rational 
 analysis. 
 
 Many farmers, even at the jiresent day, will not i»lant 
 potatoes oi- garden truck excejit during certain phases of 
 the moon. 
 
 If he administers veterinary tre.atment to his pigs, calves, 
 or other live stock, it must be when the ''sign is right," or the 
 animals will sui'ely die. The ''sign'" which he consults is 
 nothing more or less than the signs of the zodiac For in- 
 stance, if the sign is in the heart, the |>ig will surely die; at 
 this fatal perictd the earth is passing through the constella- 
 tion Leo. When the sign is in the neck, it is not quite so bad; 
 this is when the earth is in the constellation Taurus. When 
 Ihe sign is in the feet, it is still better, since the sign is '*go 
 ing down," and the inthunmation can with greater facility 
 take its depart uie at the ends of the toes. 
 
232 BISTORT OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Another popular fallacy was that if a board were placed 
 on the grass at a certain period of the moon's age, the grass 
 would grow underneath it; but if placed there at another 
 phase of the moon, the grass would not grow. 
 
 The housewife, when she saw a spider descending its 
 web from the ceiling, knew that she would receive a visitor 
 that day. 
 
 The young man or young lady who had warts rubbed 
 them with an onion and then buried it beneath the window, 
 and the warts were supposed to disappear. 
 
 The quack doctor and many of the old women of pioneer 
 days incorporated these pernicious fancies in their medical 
 practice. The midwife invariably recommended a rabbit- 
 skin as a soothing application for the "weed." "Sheep-nan- 
 nie tea" was good for measles. 
 
 A friend of the writer, residing in Blakesburg, and who 
 is himself a physician, relates an episode and vouches for its 
 truthfulness. Dr. Prather was a quack doctor and a "Hard- 
 shell" Baptist preacher combined; he assisted people in 
 coming into the world, and also prepared them for their 
 advent into the next. Brother Prather was called to the 
 bedside of a Mrs. Jones, who was suffering intense pain ; and. 
 after making a thorough examination of the patient, he an- 
 nounced: "Yes, I see what the trouble is; I have been trou- 
 bled in the same way myself," One of the old women pres- 
 ent, who knew more about the patient's condition than the 
 doctor did, disputed with him, explaining that it was impos- 
 sible for a peirson of his sex to be similai'ly afflicted. The 
 doctor and the women finally agreed in a diagnosis of the 
 case, and the physician stated that he must have the skin of a 
 black cat to lay upon the patient's stomach, "It must be a 
 very black one, and better send the boys out to hunt one 
 while we pray," A crowd joined in the chase, and several 
 black cats were brought in, including one polecat. The poor 
 woman died during the night. Brother Prather said that if 
 he had arrived a little sooner, he could have saved her; but 
 when he preached her funeral sermon, he stated that "her 
 time had come — the Lord had seen fit to take her to his own," 
 The "Hardshell" Baptist believed more in the skin of a black 
 cat than he did in foreordination and predestination, in the 
 case of his patient, for he still insisted that he could have 
 saved her if the cat-skin had been applied soon enough. 
 
 Our medical friend relates another story of Dr, Prather, 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 233 
 
 and if tho reader doubts his veracity, further substantiation 
 of the tale may bo added by tlie fact tliat there are to this 
 day many livinp; descendants of the yeUow doj; in the case. 
 Bob Martin broke a Wg, and Prather was sent for. Prather 
 l)rescribed the skin of a 3 el low do{? in which to bind the 
 fractured limb. One was killed, and the skin promptly ap- 
 idied. The patient recovered, but the le^" was crooked 
 Prather explaincMl that defect by saying that the dog had a 
 few white sjtots on its belly, which had been overlooked. 
 
 The fumes from burninp; chicken feathers were consi<l- 
 ei-ed a powerful remedy in alleviating;' the ])ains of childbirth. 
 
 The lack of inteilij;ent and skilled medical practitioners 
 in early days added most to the hardships of the early set- 
 tlers. However, they were mostly of robust constitutions 
 and were seldom side. 
 
 They Killed the Family Pig. 
 
 In about the year 1850, Wareham G. Clark and James 
 Tracy started to Burlington with a load of wheat to have it 
 ground into flour. While en route, a heavy snow fell and 
 buried uj) the grass upon which the farmers were dependent 
 for feed foi- Iheir oxen. They were compelled to feed their 
 oxen wheat along the road, and as they were five weeks mak- 
 ing the trip, it took most of the wheat to feed the team. In 
 their absence, their wives ran short of breadstuff s. The 
 ladies were near neigh])nrs, so they concluded to butcher a 
 hog. They called it up out of the woods. One seized it by 
 the hind legs, and the other knocked it in the head with an 
 ax. They the^n scalded and dressed it. and on hog and 
 honiinv tliev lived until the retuiii of Iheir lords. 
 
234 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 THE MONROE COUNTY JAIL. 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 The County Jail and County Finances. 
 
 x-Xt the June session of the Monroe County Board of 
 Supervisors of 1891 a petition, signed by 227 citizens and tax- 
 payers of the county, praying the submission of a proposition 
 to build a county jail and jailer's residence in Albia at a cost 
 of |12,000, was submitted to the Board for action, in the 
 premisies. 
 
 The i)roposition was voted upon at the general election, 
 and carried by a vote of 1,412 in favor of, and 814 against, 
 the measure. 
 
 According]}', at the June session of the Board of 1802 
 that body ordered that the county be bonded in the sum of 
 125,000, 112,000 of which wns to apply to the building of the 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 235 
 
 jail aud jailer's residence, and fi:{,000 to be applied in 
 liquidation of the county's indebtedness, and to be known as 
 the county bond fund. These bonds were issued in sums of 
 one thousajid dollars each, and bore 5 per cent interest, pay- 
 able semi-annually. They were to mature in 1902; but the 
 county reserved the rijjht to redeem them before maturity in 
 the following manner: those numbered from 1 to 12 to be 
 ])aid any time before maturity, and those numbered from 1'^ 
 to 25. both iuflusive, to be paid any time after live years, and 
 before maturity. 
 
 I»rior to the |25,000 issue, there were |a,500 of old bonds 
 outstanding, held by Cleveland (Ohio) parties. These our 
 County Treasurer paid off May 25, 1890. 
 
 In the present year (1896) an additional bond levy of 
 $20,000 was made to meet current indebtedness. 
 
 None of the principal of the |25,000 has been paid, so 
 far; but at present there is on hands in the county treasury 
 the following available funds: county funds, $4,290.40; jail 
 funds, 14,719.87. This amount can be paid on the bonds at 
 any time, towards liquidating the principal and meeting the 
 semi-annual interest, which latter becomes due in July. 
 
 The First National Bank of Albia holds all the bonds 
 now outstanding, and took them at a liberal premium. The 
 late 120,000 issue matures in 1900, but may be paid at any 
 time prior to that date 
 
 For several year's the county tax levy has been placed 
 at the highest limit authorized by law; and yet the county, 
 year after year, has been running behind in its current in- 
 debtedness, and if some remedy is not soon interposed, em- 
 barrassing results will ensue ere long. There is but one way 
 to remedy the evil, and that is to require township assessors 
 to assess property at its actual value. There are grave de- 
 fects in the present system of levying county taxes, and the 
 County Board ought to exercis<' closer and more judicious 
 supervision in the matter than it has hitherto shown. 
 
 The consolitlated tax levy for 1890 was 15:M0 mills, 
 and while the county levy was (> mills — the maximum limit 
 I>rescribed by law — the entire levy consolidated is not up to 
 the maximum limit. The county bond tax is also pLact^ at 
 the highest limit. 
 
 The statutes authorize the Hoard of Supervisors 1o 
 assess and levy each year on the taxable properly of the 
 county, in addition to the levy autlHuized for other purposes, 
 
236 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 a sufficient sum to pay the interest on outstanding bonds 
 accruing before the next annual levy, and any portion of the 
 principal which, at the end of three j^ears, the sum raised 
 shall equal at least 20 per cent of the amount of the bonds 
 issued; at the end of five years, at least 40 per cent of the 
 amount ; and at and before the date of maturity of the bonds 
 sliall be equal to the whole amount of the principal and in- 
 terest. Such money arising from these levies constitutes 
 the bond fund. This bond fund cannot be used for any other 
 purpose. 
 
 Under the provisions of the code, the Board of Super- 
 visors have the power to levy a tax of ^ mill on the dollar to 
 pay off these bonds, if the annual levy is found insufficient, 
 and this provision does not hinder the county from adopting 
 a still higher levy; but the proposition has to be first sub- 
 mitted to the people for approval. 
 
 The county tax of 6 mills can also be increased by special 
 act of the Legislature, but the proposition would also have 
 to be submitted to the people for their approval, and they 
 Avould vote it down. There is always a disposition on the 
 ]>art of the people to cry down any proposition to increase 
 taxation, and, on the other hand, they call loudly for "lower 
 tiixes, lower taxes"; but in the midst of this popular cry 
 there is a financial skeleton lurking in the county's closet — a 
 ''Banquo's ghost," continually rising and pointing with its 
 finger to the accumulating indebtedness of the county. 
 
 The County Board has always used the utmost economy 
 in making appropriations, and the building of the county 
 jail was a wise and economic measure. Prior to its con- 
 struction prisoners were taken to jails in adjoining counties, 
 at considerable expense. For instance, if a prisoner had to 
 be transfei'red to Chariton, twenty-five miles distant, the 
 sheriff was allowed 10 cents per mile milage or |2.50; and 40 
 cents an hour for services, which made |5 or |6 more; then 
 the prisoner's and officer's transportation should be added, 
 and the amount is considerable. Monroe County has a 
 splendid and amply secure jail, and it is well worth every 
 cent of its cost. 
 
BISTORT OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 237 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 The Methodist Epistopal Church. 
 
 As has already been stated, tlie cliurch is oue of the 
 trinity of the church, school-house, and printing-press, which 
 molds civilization and brings order out of chaos. 
 
 The organization of the Methodist Episcopal Church 
 in Monroe County was about contemporaneous with that 
 of the county itself. It did not wait for social organization 
 to take form, being ever on the alert for new enterprises; 
 but in the month of August, ISi'J, and within four months 
 after the opening of the county for settlement, the Rock 
 River Conference, then having charge of the work in Iowa, 
 at its session in Dubuque, being the first annual conference 
 ever held in Iowa, mapped out a district including the "New 
 Purchase," and projected a mission west of the Des Moines 
 River, to which it gave the name of Soap Creek Mission, 
 after the name of the stream in Wapello and Monroe 
 counties. 
 
 This Mission was designed to cover all of the "New 
 Purchase" south and west of the Des Moines River and above 
 Van Ruron County; and Rev. Wm. Hulbert, a young man 
 just admitted into the Conference, was sent to it as the pio- 
 neer missionary of the church to this part of Iowa. Mr. 
 Hulbert located at Agency, at that time about on the border 
 of civilization. Some of those points within his charge at 
 which he preached were Alexander May's, near wher^ Attica 
 now is; and another was at the cabin of James R. Boggs, a 
 mile or two northeast of Albia. He preached only once at 
 May's, and on that occasion his horse broke loose and re- 
 turned to Agency, swimming Ihe Des Moines River. Its 
 (►wner. on returning, ]>addl('d down the river in a canoe from 
 Eddj'ville to Oljumwa. and from thence walked home, car- 
 rying his sad<ll(' on liis back. Rev. Hulbert is still living, 
 and resides at San Leanditn California. 
 
 The Rlooni field Mission was created in 1S44. and Rloom- 
 field, Davis County, was the lieadijuartiTS of this mission, 
 Jesse L. Bennett and Jas. F. New were sent out as ])reachers, 
 but Bennett did not remain in the work long in tliis mission. 
 but chose other fields of labor in the cause of Christianity. 
 
238 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 MKTHODIST EPISCOPAL CHIRCH, ALBIA, IOWA. 
 
MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 239 
 
 New ct)iiliiui(Ml in his cluirgo alone, and his lichl of labors 
 embraced all the seltlenients west of the I)es .Moines Kiver 
 from the old base line, where Troy now is, northwest to the 
 White-breast Creek, 100 miles. There was neither ferry nor 
 bridge to accommodate the traveler, and the mission was 
 about ;^00 miles in circumfinence. 
 
 As Mr. New's territory was rather too extensive for one 
 minisU'r, Kev. Allan ^\^ .lohnson, of the Fiddyville Mission, 
 was directed by the presiding elder, Kev. Milton Jameson, to 
 supply the- gap made by the retirement of Bennett. Rev. 
 Johnson took the territory west of Eddyville, and filled the 
 field for one quarter, preaching monthly. 
 
 In 1844 Johnson formed a class at Boggs', near Albia. 
 The members were John Lower, leader. Prudence Lower, Jas. 
 K. Boggs, Jerusha Boggs, Josiah C l^oggs, AN'illiam Scott, 
 and Abiathar Newton and wife. 
 
 The next year another class was formed south of Albia, 
 at the house of David Rowles. Of this class Rebecca Rowies, 
 the wife of David Rowles, Oliver P. Rowles, Miranda Smith, 
 Andrew Elswick and wife, John and Matilda ^Nfassey, Nancy 
 Mock, and Hillah Hayes and wife were original members. 
 Of this number, John Massey and Oliver P. Rowles are still 
 living in Monroe County. Nancy Mock lives in Oregon, and 
 Hillah Hayes and wife are residing near Ness City, Kansas. 
 
 For his three months' service west of the river Rev. 
 Johnson received 75 cents in mont^v. After this, a minister 
 named M. S. Frame assisted New in his mission work, and 
 that year 20,'? members were reported to the Conference. 
 
 Tn the fall of 1S45 the mission was divided, and the u]»per 
 ]>art, including Monroe County, was called the Tapper Wliite- 
 breast Mission. New was continued in this part of the tield, 
 and occupied a cabin fiiur or five mih's west of Ottumwa, on 
 a farm owned by John Kirkpatrick ; later he lived near Albia, 
 and also resided on English Creek, in Marion County, for a 
 short time. New afleiwai-ds went to Missouri, and then to 
 Arkansas, where he was shot down by some di^sperado. who 
 had r;)bb('d his post-office and stolen some horses in the neigh- 
 borhood, .and whom he and others were atl(Mui>ting to cap- 
 ture. He is described as a "sledge-hammer'' lyjie of clergy- 
 man, and was an active and zealous Christian. 
 
 In the fall of 1K4(; the field was called simply the White- 
 breast Mission, and Michael H. Hare and \V. W. Knight were 
 the preachers. That fall, the couuly seal having been lo- 
 
240 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 cated at Albia, Hare formed the first class in the town by 
 consolidating the two country classes at Boggs' and Rowles'. 
 This new class comprised substantially the membership of 
 the two old classes, with the addition of A. C. Wilson and 
 wife, John Webb, Sr., and wife, S. B. Gossage and wife, Arvine 
 White and wife, W. L. and Celia Knight, Thos. Myers, A. 0. 
 Barnes and wife, John Phillips and wife, Geo. W. Noble and 
 wife, Jas. Tate, Riley Wescoatt, Thos. Guinn and A. 0. 
 Johnson. 
 
 The services in those days were., for the most part, held 
 in the little log court-house on the east side of the Square. 
 
 ReA^ Knight died in 1847, and Hare was left with the 
 entire supervision of the charge. He afterwards became a 
 presiding elder of the Albia District, and in 1862 enlisted in 
 the armv and served as chaplain in the Thirty-sixth Iowa 
 Infantry. He died at Mount Pleasant, Iowa, July 27, 1868. 
 In 1847 Revs. Hugh Gibson and Joseph Ockerman were 
 assigned to the mission. Gibson afterwards went to Cali- 
 fornia, and died there, a member of the Conference. 
 
 Ockerman's health having finally failed in 1847, the pre- 
 siding elder, Rev. O. O. Stewart, for w^ant of a licensed 
 preacher, appointed a private member of the church to take 
 charge of the local work. This young man's name was 
 Strange Brooks. He was licensed to exhort, and began his 
 labors in 1848. Brooks was in time licensed to preach, and 
 later engaged in church work in Iowa, Kansas, Oklahoma, 
 southern Illinois, and Colorado, where he now resides. 
 
 In 1848 the Conference records first mention the name 
 of Albia. In that year the upper part of the White-breast 
 Mission was set off to the Knoxville Circuit and the remain- 
 der was constituted the Albia Mission; and it remained a 
 mission until 1851, receiving more or less support from the 
 Missionary Society. For eight years this aid was expended 
 for the support of the church,, and towards maintaining its 
 pastors. 
 
 The ministers during this time sent to the mission were: 
 1848, A. G. Pierce, eloseph Ockerman; 1849, James Q. Ham- 
 mond; 1850, Robert L. Cock. Of these, Pierce is still living. 
 Cock's name was changed by the Legislature into Cole; and 
 under that name he preached at Chariton until his death. 
 
 In 1851 the Albia Mission became the Albia Circuit, by 
 which name is meant, that it assumed its own support, and it 
 continued such down to 1865, During this period it had the 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 241 
 
 followiug preachers: 1855, Chas. Woolsey; 1856-7, F. W. 
 Evans; 1858, I. P. Teter; 1850, Tlios. Aiidras; 1800, J. \V. 
 Latham; 18(11, Jas. Hayues; 18(>2-;?, W. C. Shii»pen; 1804, 
 Annie H. SeliafiT. Of these, Johnson, Woolsey, Latham, and 
 Schafer are dead. 
 
 Durinjz: this period the ministerial work became more 
 and more restricted. In 1851 tlie appointments througnont 
 the circuit were as follows: Albia — Kev. Kuijiiit, three miles 
 northwest of Albia; Rev, Woolsey, still further north; Kev. 
 J)avis, northeast of Albia, down in the "Hairy Nation," east 
 of the Allen school-house, Chillicothe, then on Keokuk Prai- 
 rie opposite Ottumwa, Milburn's school-house, Blakesburg, 
 at a grove southwest of Blakesburg, and at Potts', eleven 
 miles southwest of Albia. 
 
 In 1852 the appointments south of the river in Wapello 
 County were placed in the newly formed Chillicothe Circuit. 
 In 1844 the old quarterly conference shows the preaching 
 places were: Albia, Hinton's, Knight's, Hamilton, Sumner's, 
 Bluff Creek, Noe's, Davis', Shields', Potts', Ingham's, Hayes', 
 and Newcomers' Point. 
 
 In 1854 a circuit was formed called the South Grove 
 Circuit, with John Jay as preacher, which took in all the 
 county appointments except Knight's, Hayes', and Ingham's, 
 and in tliat year a new appointment was added — viz., Sut- 
 cliff's. The next year this South Grove Circuit took the name 
 of Hamilton Circuit. 
 
 In 1865 Albia was first designated as a station, although 
 it still retained one outside appointment — viz., Reitzel's 
 School-house. Since then, the a|)pointments to the station 
 have been as follows: 1865-6, F. W. P]vans; 1867, Joshua P>. 
 Hardy; 1868, Jesse Craig; 1860, R. B. A 1 lender; 1870, John 
 Harris; 1871, E. H. Winans; 1S72-.'*, Tlios. Stephenson; 
 1874-5. Ira O. Kemball; 1876, John Havnes; 1877, C. L. S^taf- 
 ford; 1878-0, W. G. Wilson; 1880, B. F. Karns; 1881-2, C. B. 
 Clark; 188.'i. L P. Teter again; 1884, G. H. Power; 1885, W. 
 F. Cowles; 1886-7, J. A. Boatman; 1888-02, D. C. Smith; 
 1803-4, W. R. Stryker; 1805-6, E. L. Sclireiner. 
 
 Of these. Rev. Karns resigned after 18 months of in 
 cumbency, and liis ])la(e was lilled by .Miss Annie Downy. 
 C. B. Clark, on account of family allliction, lilled only six 
 months of the year, and his jtlace was talcen by Rev, Groome. 
 Harris, Havnes, and Power are dead. 
 
242 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 From authentic sources it appears that at least 13,000 
 persons have been connected with the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church since its beginning in 1840. 
 
 In 1843 the Des Moines District was formed, with Rev. 
 Henrj^ Summers, the pioneer presiding elder, in charge of it. 
 The next year Rev. Milton Jameson was sent to it, and since 
 then the districts embracing Albia and vicinity and the pre- 
 siding elders have been as follows : 
 
 Des Moines District — 1844-0, Milton Jameson; 1847-8, 
 I. I. Stewart; 1849-50, Andrew Coleman; 1851-3, John 
 Hayden. 
 
 Ottumwa District — 1854, Joseph Brooks. 
 
 Albia District— 1855-58, James Q. Hammond; 1859-02, 
 M. H. Hare; 1862-05, Jas. Haynes. 
 
 Ottumwa District- -1800, AV. C. Shippen. 
 
 Albia District— 1807-09, John Burgess; 1870-71, R. B. 
 Allender. 
 
 Ottumwa District— 1872-3, R. B. Allender; 1874-5,G. N. 
 Power; 1870-9, Banner Mark; 1880-3,. W. G. Wilson ; 1884-7, 
 I. P. Teter; 1888-93, J. W. McDonald; 1893, D. C. Smith. 
 
 Haynes took Hare's place when the latter entered the 
 arm}^, and D. C. Smith was ap]>ointed to fill the vacancy 
 caused by the death of McDonald in 1893. 
 
 Joseph Brooks served for four years as editor of the 
 Christian Advocate at St. Louis, and aftierwards was an officer 
 in the army, and later in the reconstruction troubles in 
 Arkansas, where he acquired national note as one of the 
 principals in the Brooks-Baxter gubernatorial embroglio at 
 Little Rock, some years ago. Each party claimed to have 
 been elected governor under a varying construction of the 
 State constitution, and as neither wouldyield, the contestants 
 each rallied an armed force, ajid the affair assumed a martial 
 aspect. Baxter held the executive office. 
 
 Of these sixteen presiding elders, nine are dead — viz.: 
 Jameson, Stewart, Coleman, Hayden, Brooks, Hammond, 
 Hare, Power, and McDonald. 
 
 Within the fifty years of the church organization, 53 
 ministers have served in the vicinity, as pastors and presiding 
 elders. 
 
 In the early years of the Church, its financial support 
 was very meager. For instance, in 1840-7 the amount raised 
 for ministerial support, outside the regular missionary fund, 
 was $57.75. In 1852-3 the circuit paid the elder |30."00 and 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 243 
 
 the pastor |300.00 ; in 1853-4 the elder received |37.50 and the 
 pastor 1350.50; in 1854-5 the elder got $72.50, the preacher in 
 charge $408.13, and the junior preacher an even $100. In 
 1S58-9 Rev. Teter received $346.08. The station started out 
 with an estimate for the pastor for $800, but the records 
 credit only $674.10 collected that year for all purposes. 
 Since that time, with the increase of numbers and ability, 
 there has been a marked improvement in this regard. 
 
 The Iowa Conference held its twenty-seventh session 
 with this church, commencing September 28, 1870, under the 
 presidency of Bishop E. R, Ames, with Rev. E. H. Waring 
 as secretary. The roll at the opening session contained just 
 100 names. Since then 38 of this number have died, and 37 
 are still members of the Conference, but 10 only are in active 
 work. 
 
 In 1850 the first church was completed in Albia. It was 
 a frame structure, about 30x45 feet in size, with one door 
 facing the east; large windows filled with small-sized panes 
 of glass, and seats and pulpit to correspond with the general 
 plain style of architecture. It stood one block north from 
 the northwest corner of the Square, where two lots were pur- 
 chased for the edifice at a cost of $18.00. The first trustees 
 were Oliver P. Rowles, Michael Lower, John Webb, Jr., D. J. 
 ]Moore, Jas. Tate. Andrew Elswick, and John Lower. In 1867 
 this frame building gave way to a one-story brick structure, 
 with an addition on the west, which was added by Rev. Ira 
 O. Kemble, at his own expense, during his pastorate. 
 
 During the war, several colored parties, then known as 
 "contrabands," made their way across the southern border, 
 and, being ^lethodists, were assigned to the "amen corner" 
 in the old frame church. The colored brethren were fond of 
 running in and ont during services, and to prevent this con- 
 fusion they were invited to occupy seats in the reai* near the 
 door, when the new church was ready for services. One old 
 colored brother refused to occupy the new place in the 
 clinrch, and when invited to do so, lie and liis followers ai'ose 
 and fi]e<l out and never returned to tlie church. 
 
 -Nt Icngtli, the o]<l brick churcli could not accommo- 
 date the increasing membership, and t lie lots and edifice were 
 sold and tlie present liandsome editice erected one block 
 south of the southwest corner of the Square, at a cost of 
 $13,000. This edifice Avas formally dedicated bv Dr. J. W. 
 Clinton on Februarv 28, 1802. 
 
244 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church. 
 
 On tlie 2nd day of August, 1851, after a seimou by Rev. 
 L. J. Bell, a missionary of the Assembly Board, the initial 
 steps were taken in Albia towards the organization of a 
 Presbyterian church. David Wills and his wife Sarah, 
 Martha Wills and Eveline Wills, Samuel Noble, Margaret 
 Casey, David Burnside and his wife Emily, John Young and 
 his wife Rachel, David H. Scott and his wife Mary were the 
 charter members of the church. They presented certificates 
 and other satisfactory evidence of having been members of 
 the Presbyterian Church elsewhere. An election was then 
 had. and David Wills and John Young were unanimously 
 chosen elders. It was resolved that the organization be 
 called the ^'First Presbyterian Church of Albia." 
 
 December 20, 1851, at a session of the board, David 
 Wills and John Young were ''moderated" by Rev. W. J. 
 Frazier. At this session Mrs. Mary Noble, wife of Samuel 
 Noble, was received to the communion. The ordinance of 
 baptism was then administered to her and her infant son, 
 Alvis Emmett. Rev. W. J. Frazier administered the Lord's 
 supper. 
 
 At the next session, May 1, 1852, the ordinance of baj)- 
 tisra was administered to Margaret Ann, infant daughter of 
 Mr. and Mrs. D. H. Scott. 
 
 On January 2, 1854, the first annual report from ^Nlarch, 
 1853, to March. 1854, was submitted: 
 
 Number communicants received on examination 5 
 
 Number communicants received on certificate 19 
 
 Number adults baptized 1 
 
 Number infants baptized 7 
 
 Funds for Commissioner | 2.00 
 
 Funds for church and religious purposes 37.50 
 
 Funds for Bible cause 5.00 
 
 This report was approved by the Des ISIoines Presbytery 
 at Libertyville, March IG, 18G4, by D. V. Smock, moderator. 
 
 In a session held April 5, 185(5, the name of Rev. J. M. 
 Bachelor first appears as moderator. Among those received 
 into the church at this session were Mr. James Collins and 
 his wife Sarah. Mr. Collins died at his residence, a few miles 
 south of Albia, early in the spring of 1896. 
 
 At a session of the board of March 13, 1857, Samuel Noble 
 and D. H. Scott, having been previously elected elders, were 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 245 
 
 duly installed in the oflfioe. At this same session Miss Mary 
 Saunders and Mary A. liaclielor, the latter the infant 
 daughter of Kev. IJachelor and wife, were taken into the 
 church by bajdisui. llvy. V. II. Jacob performed the rile. 
 
 The annual report fr<uu isr»(; (o tS,")! shows (V.i members 
 added, and 1 deceased. Tulal in communion, 87; and also 
 shows the minister's salary to have been |333.33. 
 
 On Saturday evening, February G, 1858, Charles McClain 
 was summoned to ap])ear before the session to answer the 
 charge of getting drunk. Samuel Noble and David Wilis 
 had previously been sent as a committee to expostulate with 
 the eri'ing brotlier. The charges and specifications were as 
 follows: 
 
 ^'Whereas, It is commonly reported that you, Charles 
 McClain, have been guilty of unchristian conduct in several 
 instances: 
 
 "1st. Of being in the habit of using intoxicating 
 liquoi s. 
 
 "lid. Of (juarreling Avith and using profane language 
 while (juarieling witli the ]McMicluu'ls, 
 
 ''.'Jd. Of a violation of the Sabbath day. as well as of the 
 civil law, in going on the Sabbath and taking and driving off 
 a yoke of oxen that were held under execution. 
 
 "4th. Of using scurrilous and vulgar language on the 
 same Sabbath evening towards Carlos Kelsey. 
 
 "5tli. Of using profane language towards Mr. John 
 Kelly on Saturday, December 30, 1858." 
 
 Samuel Noble was appointed prosecutor of the case, 
 and McClain defended himself. All the charges except the 
 fourth specification were sustained, ajid McClain was 
 susjx'nih'd. 
 
 In 1858 tile pastor's salary was raised to |500. There 
 were in communion 05 members that year. 
 
 During one or two sessions of .July. 1858, Mrs. V'.sther 
 Boyle prefers charg<*s of falsehood against Brother W. W. 
 Mathias,also against Sister Matlnas"for talkingin aslander- 
 ous and unchristianlike manner about me at different times, 
 once at Mr. Duncan's, and once at Mr. David Howies'." In 
 the case of Mr. ^rathias, the session suspen<le(l liim until he 
 would i-e])ent. Sister Matliias was not susjiriided, but the 
 moderator was direct<Ml to a<lminisler lo her a mild admoni- 
 tion in the presence of the session. 
 
 The next year >rcr'lain was permanently suspended, he 
 
246 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 manifesting no feelings of repentance. Mr. Mathias, how- 
 ever, repented of his sin, confessed his error, and was rein- 
 stated. 
 
 At a session of December, 1859, Miss Mary Welsh was 
 hauled up before the session for dancing. She refused to 
 admit that she committed a sin in dancing, but promised to 
 desist from the amusement in future, since the church con- 
 sidered it wrong. The session took no further cognizance of 
 the charge. However, it seems that the sinful Mary danced 
 again in 1860, for the records show that she again received a 
 ''citation" to appear before the session of April 3d. She 
 again acknowledged the charge, again professed deep peni- 
 tence, and again escaped with a reproof and admonition. 
 
 At the session of August 22, 1800, Mrs. Eliza Shields 
 submits a paper setting forth that: 
 
 "WJiereas, Mrs. Eliza Shields feeling aggrieved at certain 
 charges which have been extensively circulated against her 
 in this community by Rev. J. N. Pressley, of the United 
 Presbyterian Church of Albia, which charges are: 1st, 
 that about the first Sabbath of September, 1858, she had ap- 
 plied to him and his session to become a member of his 
 church, and was received on such application, and so was a 
 member of that church at the time of her being received into 
 the Presbyterian Church ; 2d, that in support of this charge 
 he had said her name had been read out publicly on commun- 
 ion Sabbath, in company with the names of many others, as 
 having been received; 3d, that Mrs. Shields, in denying the 
 above statements, had accused the Rev. Mr. Pressley of lying; 
 she therefore asks the session to investigate those charges, 
 and requests that the following witnesses be cited to appear, 
 to give testimony in the matter — viz., Mrs. HannaJi Robb. 
 Mrs. Jane Robb, Miss Mary Ann Buchanan, and Miss Mary 
 Lyon." 
 
 The following persons were also summoned as wit- 
 nesses: Mrs. Samuel Noble, Mr. David Wills, Mr. James 
 Robb, and Mr. David Forcythe. The latter, who was clerk 
 of the United Presbyterian session, did not heed the sum- 
 mons to appear, and was absent, as w^as also Mrs, Buchanan, 
 another member of that church. After a fair and impartial 
 judicial church trial, the session found that Sister Shields 
 imd never applied for membership in the United Presbyterian 
 Church; that her name had never been publicly read out; 
 that her name was not even on the record book of the United 
 
EI8T0R7 OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 247 
 
 Presbyterian Church. Then the tribunal concluded its ses- 
 sion by professing its high esteem and cordial fellowship 
 towards the United Presbyterian Church, and declares that 
 nothing in its decision should retiect on Brother Pressley. 
 It further states that there was no evidence that Sister 
 Shields ever called Brother Pressley a liar. 
 
 In 1878 it appears that John A. Edwards, a member of 
 the church, became in some measure dissatisfied with Kev. 
 ]Jachelor, the pastor. Edwards withheld a portion of his 
 usually liberal pecuniary support of the church, and even 
 hinted that the pastor ought to resign. A formal concilia- 
 tion was finally made, and jNIr. Edwards signed a written 
 statement to the effect that possibly he might have misap- 
 prehended the pastor's utterances and motives, and pro- 
 fessed deep repentance and desired the forgiveness of the 
 l)astor. Rev. Bachelor also signed a statement exonerating 
 Brother Edwards from any acts of malice, admitting also 
 that the brother's actions were justifiable under the con- 
 struction he had placed upon the pastor's utterances; he 
 also receives Mr. Edwards back into the fold. A few days 
 later the quarrel broke out afresh, and the pastor signs 
 another statement to the etiect that Brother Edwards had 
 already disavowed his good concessions expressed under 
 his signature. He censures iiim for declaring "that he 
 would make no promise of any pecuniary support; thereby 
 declaring that the small amount he luid given during the 
 last year (while in Iiis offense) was all he expected to give." 
 
 It seems that at about this time the pastor had tendered 
 his resignation as pastor, for the sessional record contains 
 this entry: 
 
 "Report of Judkial Committee. 
 
 "The Judicial Committee to whom was referred the 
 resignation of Rev. J. M. Bachelor as pastor of the church 
 of Albia, would report: that after hearing very fully 
 from both the ]>astor and elder frcnu that church, they ai'e 
 duly impressed with the importance of emphasizing their 
 sense of the sacred character of the i>astoral relation; that 
 the Lord Jesus Christ himself gave pastors; that it is sinful 
 and dangerous to do that which tends to ]>art asunder 'that 
 which (Jod liath joined together'; that any rude couduel 
 is of the nature of an assault on the ordinances of God. 
 
 "With double force would we address the members of 
 
248 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 session, who at their ordination solemnly vowed to study 
 the peace, unity, and purity of the church. 
 
 "When in any instance it becomes advisable to ask 
 for a dissolution of the pastoral relation, we would remind 
 them that there is a proper method of procedure in our 
 book. 
 
 "But that any member of the church and especially 
 any member of the session, who should cease attending 
 the ordinances of God's house administered by the pastor, 
 and withdraw his support in whole or in part, and decline 
 to cooperate with his pastor in order to break up the 
 pastoral relation, presbytery declares to be schismatical, 
 and a breach of ordination vows, and highly censurable. 
 
 "While your court are fully alive to the greatness of 
 the sacrifice required in the dissolution of the pastoral 
 relation of well-nigh a quarter of a century's duration, 
 which being the only one the pastor ever had, and the 
 object of his first and only love, in whose families are 
 associations dearer than life, .yet we are compelled to look 
 the facts in the face and agree with a majority of the 
 session — the fast friends of the pastor — that in view of 
 the sadly divided condition of the church — for the pastor's 
 comfort and usefulness — the resignation of the pastoral 
 charge ought to be accepted, and though exceedingly sorry 
 for this necessity, and expressing our heartfelt sympathy 
 with the pastor, this is the recommendation of your com- 
 mittee. "J. H. Potter, 
 
 "Josiah T. Young.'^ 
 
 This expression of excessive kindness did not kill the 
 pastor, as might be expected. He removed shortly after- 
 wards to Osborn, Kansas, where he is engaged to this day 
 in ministerial work. He is an able minister, and was 
 greatly reverenced by his flock; notwithstanding, his church 
 at Albia, at about the time of his resignation, had settled 
 into a state of spiritual lethargy, which is often the result 
 of retaining one pastor too long. 
 
 In September, 1878, Rev. E. L. Williams succeeded 
 Rev. J. M. Bachelor as "supply" of the First Presbyterian 
 Church at Albia. His labors dated from August 18, 1878, 
 and were to continue one year. At the end of the year he 
 was invited to the pastorate, but stated that he was not 
 prepared to accept the call. However, he agreed to remain 
 as "supply" for six months longer for |400, which proposi- 
 tion was accepted by the session board. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 249 
 
 At a session dated September 20, 1880, Kev. Samuel 
 Ollerinshaw was selected as i)astor for six months, to 
 succeed Mr. Williams. Salary to be not less tlian |400; 
 $35 Avas also appropriated to defray his expenses and two 
 weeks' servict'S at Albia. Jirother Daii'l Miller also received 
 the thanks of the session for his services as bookkeeper 
 and oolleotor, and was re-elected for another year. In 
 ,later years this gentleman acquired considerable notoriety 
 as an expert bookkeeper, as cashier of the Monroe County 
 Bank. 
 
 ^Vt a session of December 4, 1882, Jacob Kimball and 
 Geo. llartzer were suspended from the church on a charge 
 of "walking disorderly," and of neglecting the means of 
 grace; and in July of the next year Brother Daniel M. Miller 
 was suspended for getting away with the funds of the 
 church. 
 
 On August 31, 1885, a joint session of the Presbyterian 
 and United Trebyterian churches of Albia was held for 
 the purpose of considering a proiposition to junite both 
 congregations into one. Elders A. Bain, J. C. Khea, W. K. 
 Elder, and Daniel Forcythe represented the United I'resby- 
 terian Church, and Samuel Noble, D. H. Scott, A. A. Mason, 
 John A. Edwards, and Josiah T. Young represented the 
 Presbyterian Church. Considerable discussion was had 
 on the subject of union, but nothing was accomplished. The 
 United Presbyterian brethren consented to unite if the other 
 church would take the organ out of the church, adopt close 
 communion, and sing psalms, none of which propositions 
 were consented to. 
 
 On August 9, 188(5, Rev. T. F. Boyd, of Marysville, 
 Kansas, was chosen pastor io succeed Kev. Ollerinshaw. 
 lie was guaranteed a minimum salary of |800 a year, and 
 as much above that amount as could be raised. 
 
 Ajjril 1, 188!), the session signed a call to Kev. E. B. 
 Linn to act as pastor, guaranteeing him |;8(K) a year and 
 the use of the ])arsonage. ^Ir. Linn is still the pastor of the 
 church in Albia, and is a zealous and ellicient worker." 
 
 The following is a statistical icpin-t of the clnirch made 
 to the jM-eshytery. for the year ending April L 1S!M): Elders, 
 4; deacons, 2; ad«led on examination. S; added on certificate, 
 7; total communicants, 170; baptisms, adults, 5; infants, 4; 
 Sunday-school membership. 125; contributions to home 
 missions, f40; foi-eign missions. ^i('>\ etln<'ati )n. $8; Sabbath- 
 
250 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 school work, |18; church erection, $8; freedmen, $9; General 
 Assembly, |16.20; congregational expenses, |13.90; miscel- 
 laneous, |15. 
 
 The report for 1892 shows: Total communicants, 183; 
 Sabbath-school membership, 100; home missions, |74; for- 
 eign missions, $58; education, |15; Sunday-school work, 
 111; church erection, |7; relief fund, |15; freedmen, |5; 
 aid for colleges, |15; General Assembly, |17; congrega- 
 tional, 11,336.17; miscellaneous, |85. 
 
 The report if or 1894 gives: Number of elders, 16; dea 
 cons, 2; added on examination and certificate, 15; total com- 
 municants, 200; no baptisms; Sabbath-school membership, 
 140; home missions, |104; foreign missions, |48; education, 
 111; Sunday-school work, |14; church erection, |23; relief 
 fund, |13; freedmen, |7; aid for colleges, |14; General 
 Assembly, |27; congregational, |1,627.71. 
 
 For the year 1895 the following is the statistical report 
 of the condition of the church as reported to the presbytery: 
 Elders, 6; deacons, 3; added on both examination and certifi- 
 cate, 15; total communicants, 200; baptisms, 15; Sabbath- 
 school membership, 150; home missions, |109; foreign mis- 
 sions. |82; education, |8; Sabbath-school work, |14; church 
 erection, |8; relief fund, |18; freedmen, — ; General As- 
 sembly, 121.18; congregational, |1,293.12; American Bible 
 Society, |5; miscellaneous, |50. 
 
 At a session of May 3, 1896, Rev. E. B. Linn, the pastor, 
 submitted his resignation, to take efl'ect July 1, 1896, assign- 
 ing as the cause the ill health of both himself and wife; and 
 at the next session. May 10th, after due consultation^ the 
 board determined on the following proposition: 
 
 "Pastor, Rev. E. B. Linn, to have one month's vacation, 
 commencing July 1, 1896, with leave of absence for August 
 and September if he so desires, and his salary to go on all the 
 time, except that the expense of supplying the pulpit for 
 August and September shall be paid from salary; Brother 
 Linn, if possible, is to secure supply for those two months." 
 
 The proposition was accepted by the pastor, and, at the 
 end of the three months, he returned to his charge slightly 
 improved in health. Rev. Witte acted as a supply during 
 his absence. 
 
 The first church edifice erected by the Presbyterians of 
 Albia was a brick structure, 30x40 feet, and one story. It 
 occupied the site of the present church, which was finished 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 251 
 
 in 1873. The size of the latter is about 38x70 feet, with base- 
 ment story, used for prayer-meeting and library. The cost 
 of the building was |8,000. 
 
 Besides the pastors already enumerated. Revs. S. C. 
 McCune, of Oskaloosa; Rev. II. P. Barnes, of Clyde, Ohio; 
 and Rev. S. W. Pollack, now of Centerville, Iowa, each pre- 
 sided for a short time. 
 
 The Presbyterian choir, as at the present composed, in- 
 cludes a high grade of musical talent, and the church stands 
 in the front rank of popularity. 
 
 The Associate Preshyterians {''Seceders'^). 
 
 ^^ hen Monroe County was first settled, many of the pio- 
 neer settlers, wishing to profit by closer fraternal associa- 
 tions, naturally grouped themselves together in communities 
 iir colonies; hence the Catholic community in the western 
 half of Monroe County, the Bankers or old German Baptists 
 nea' Cuba in Mantua and Pleasant townships, the Methodists 
 in the upper half of Blulf Creek Township, and the Presby- 
 terians in Pleasant and a part of Bluff Creek townships. 
 
 An incident of early times will serve to illustrate the 
 colonizing methods of the "Seceders." Old Billy Piper lived 
 on a claim in the Snodgrass neighborhood. The farm is now 
 owned by Mr. Lathan. Piper was not a "Seceder" by any 
 means, but Jesse Snodgrass and his surrounding neighbors 
 were. It w-as, of course, desirable on the part of the "Seced- 
 ers" to locate settlers in their midst wiio were of the same 
 religious persuasion as themselves. One day Jesse Snod- 
 grass brought into the neighborhood a man from Ohio, The 
 man was a "Seceder," and hence was a very desirable man to 
 locate. Old Billy Piper was grubbing near the roadside 
 when Mr. Snodgrass rode up with his man. After a friendly 
 salutation and introduction of the two strangers, Mr. Snod- 
 grass thus opened negotiations for the purchase of the claim 
 in behalf of his man: "Would ye sell yer claim, Misther 
 Piper? Sure an' ye are a foine mon, an' a gude neighbor, 
 but ye are not the kind of a mon we want wi' us, an' we would 
 loike til git rid of yes." This very frank admission greatly 
 incensed the old unregenerate anti-"Seceder." and, seizing 
 a fence-stake, he made after the offending neighbor, who beat 
 a hasty retreat, leaving his horse behind, hitched to the fence. 
 
252 HISTORY OF AWNROE COUNTT, IOWA. 
 
 They are a sturdy race, those old ^^Seceders," and their 
 uaiues are linked with the birth, growth, and exalted man- 
 hood of the county. Some of their tenets seem a trifle at 
 variance with the popular ideas of the nineteenth century 
 concerning fraternal union, but it is a fact that there are 
 remarkably few ''goats" in their flock to be finally separated 
 by the Master of the Sheep-fold. While their church does 
 not keep pace with some of the others in growth and popular- 
 ity, it is a good church to join, for those who merely desire to 
 get to heaven, because they are all going to get there. This, 
 of course, applies as well to the United Presbyterians and 
 other strains. 
 
 They are instructed in piety from infancy, and their 
 nursery songs are the lullaby of the Psalms, They speak of 
 the seventh day as the "Sabbath" instead of saying "Sunday." 
 They discountenance the singing of hymns in public wor- 
 ship on the ground that they are of human construction, 
 and not inspired. They do not encourage the attendance of 
 their members at other churches, and advocate non-com- 
 munion. They adhere to old land-marks, which, while they 
 may forbid the pilgrim to cut across lots in his Christian pil- 
 grimage, or to depart into shady by-paths which even may 
 again emerge into the highway, make the way certain. 
 
 In wading the Jordan of Christian experience and 
 eai'thly stewardship, he treads on no stepping-stones save 
 those which have been worn smooth by the foot-prints of his 
 ancestors and those mentioned in the "field-notes" of the 
 "Westminster Confession." He does not risk his footing on 
 those newly added stepping-stones of other denominations, 
 lest they rock or totter on their bases. He even lifts his 
 garments while passing over them. His honesty, too, is as 
 immutable and rock-ribbed as his faith, for who ever heard 
 of a "Seceder" in good standing in his church neglecting to 
 pay his debts? His daily acts are under the scrutinizing 
 espionage of the session board, and the least irregularity 
 means suspension. 
 
 Membership in the church is measured by the ratio of 
 birth and mortality of the members, for no proselytes from 
 other religious bodies ever join the Associate Presbyterian 
 Church, and none of those to whom the doctrine lias been 
 transmitted by heredity ever leave it. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 253 
 
 Pleasant Township was the cra<lU; uf tlic wliite race 
 in Monroe County, and no sooner liad the si'tth'rs arrived 
 than the}' framed a church organization. Among the 
 charter members of this organization at IMeasant Divide 
 were Geo. Ilumplirey, I\obt. M. Hartncss, \Vm. II. McBride, 
 John Wallvor, and the Sj^nodgrasses. Achcsons. Andersons, 
 lUichanans, McDonalds, Vances, and Porters. 
 
 At a meeting of the session board of December 4, 1847, 
 convened at the house of John Walker, William McBride 
 was chosen chairman; he was also elected collector and 
 treasurer, and a trustee as well. John Walker and John 
 Acheson were also elected trustees. At this meeting it 
 was ordered that a suitable book be ])urchased for the use 
 of the treasurer of the congregation, and following is a 
 copy of the treasurer's report : 
 
 "There was 50 cents put into my hands for purchasing 
 said book. Said book was j)urchased at the sum of 37i 
 cents. Balance due. 12^, cents. 
 
 (Signed) ''Wm. H. McBride, 
 
 "Treasurer." 
 
 Then follows a statement of 
 
 "Monny paid over to Mr. Scot by the following persons: 
 
 Jessv Snodgrass |3 25 
 
 John Walker 2 00 
 
 Wm. H. McBride 75 
 
 Geo. Anderson 2 00 
 
 Wm. McBride 2 00 
 
 Total flO 00 
 
 "Do. to Mr. Scot: 
 
 Wm. McBride Ij?! 00 
 
 John Walker 1 00 
 
 Geo. Anderson 1 00 
 
 Jessy Snodgrass 1 (K) 
 
 John Acheson 50 
 
 Wm. II. McBride 50 
 
 Total $5 00 
 
254 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 **Paid monny to Mr. Linsy by following names, to-wit: 
 
 Wm. McBride |1 00 
 
 Robt. M. Hartness 1 00 
 
 John Walker 1 00 
 
 Geo. Anderson 1 00 
 
 J. C. Acheson 50 
 
 John Acheson 50 
 
 Alex. McDonald 50 
 
 Wm. H. McBride 50 
 
 Gus Omphrey 50 
 
 Jesse Snodgrass 1 00 
 
 Total |7 50" 
 
 Another financial report, dated October 9, 1847, reads: 
 "Ileceaved 25 cents from the following persons : 
 
 Mr. Darter |0 25 
 
 Alex. McDonald 50 
 
 J. C, Acheson 50 
 
 Geo. Anderson 1 00 
 
 Mathew Acheson 50 
 
 Wm. McBride 100 
 
 Misses Alison 50 
 
 Wm. H. McBride 50 
 
 Sam'l Buchanan 50 
 
 John Walker 1 00 
 
 Jessa Snodgrass 1 00 
 
 Paid over to Mr. McDoewl |7 25" 
 
 Rev. D. Linsey preached for the congregation during 
 its earlier organization, and then Rev. John Vance acted as 
 pastor until 1857, when Rev. Samuel Hindman took charge. 
 At this time a proposition was made to unite with another 
 branch of the Presbyterian Church, called the Union or 
 Associate Reform. The Associate Reform Church was 
 divided on the proposition, and at a meeting of the session 
 on September 20, 1856, a motion was adopted to oppose the 
 contemplated union. 
 
 In 1858, when the consolidation was effected, the 
 Pleasant Divide Church did not enter into the union, and 
 has retained its original organization to the present day. 
 The congregation held worship at their church, which was 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 255 
 
 built in 1850. It occupied the site of their present church, 
 which stands near Heni-v Elder's. 
 
 In 1887 the old church was replaced by the new one, 
 which cost over |;},000. ^Vhen the church was completed, 
 a motion was introduced and adopted in a church session, 
 February 1, 1854, directing that a rail fence be put around 
 the graveyard, and that each family in the church furnish 
 20 rails with which to build the fence. 
 
 The Associate Presbyterians in those days had a very 
 methodical way of raising church revenues and colled ing 
 arrears. Upon each member a tax was levied, and the levy 
 was based on the valuation of his property. The amount 
 had to be forthcoming, but the debtor was often allowed 
 to postpone payment until "money came into his hands." 
 He was required to give his note, however, for the amount. 
 Money was also raised by charging the member a ''stipend" 
 for a seat in the church. If he failed to pay the "stipend," 
 the seat was sold to someone else. In 1857 it appears from 
 the records that Messrs. John Castle, Sr.. Wm. McBride, and 
 Henry Elder were appointed to assist the trustees in 
 levying a tax for funds to pay the pastor. 
 
 This plan of raising church revenues was a good one. 
 and might be adopted at the ])resent day, with happy results. 
 If the notes were not paid, the next step was to enter suit 
 in the courts; but this last resort was seldom or never 
 necessary. 
 
 When the two churches united in 1858, a dispute arose 
 over the ownership of the Pleasant Divide church edifice. 
 The case went into the courts, and it was decided that it 
 belonged to the United Presbyterian body. The Associate 
 body then bought it from the former. 
 
 Kev. Hindman continued lo yireach at Pleasant Divide 
 until about the year 1801, when Pev. Jas. Sliear(»r took 
 charge and preached unlil 187*5. wben he ceased his clei-ical 
 labors, and for a year or two 1h<^ jiulpit was "supplied" by 
 the presbytery. Rev. Jas. N. Snodgrass rendered efficient 
 service as one of these "sup]dies." 
 
 In 1877 Pev. H. S. Acheson a^snmed charjre of the 
 society, and is the present pa-^tor. Tlie organization has a 
 membership of abont 75. 
 
 On October 21. 1880. an anxiliarv bi-ancli of the church 
 was established at .\lbia. wilh .John Lathan and .John 
 Patton as elders, and Rev. Wm. Poj-icr as pastor. He still 
 
256 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 has charge of the congregation. The membership at 
 present comprises 35 persons, and among the charter mem- 
 bers were Rev. Wm. Porter and wife, John Lathan and wife, 
 C. C. Acheson and wife, Wm. Castle and wife, Ed I. Ramsay 
 and wife, James Garrett and wife, H. J. Bell and wife. 
 Dr. F. C. Maughlin and wife, John Castle and wife, Mrs. 
 Spencer, Jas. Hammond and wife, Mrs. «Tane Nichol, and 
 Wm. J. McKissick and wife. 
 
 In early times the "Seceders" of Pleasant Township 
 and the fellows of the ''Hairy Nation" did not get along 
 very amicably together. Their hostility during the period 
 when the ''Club law" was a regulating factor in the 
 community was somewhat similar to the warfare between 
 the early Puritan fathers and the aborigines of Plymouth. 
 Old Henry Elder might be characterized as the terrible 
 fighting deacon of Plymouth, Miles Standish, and old 
 Laurel Tyrrell, on the part of the "Hairy Nation," as the 
 fierce Wattawamet; but, as was the fate of the red man, 
 Tyrrell's head was never hung up on the ridge-pole of the 
 church as a warning to the braves of the "Hairy Nation." 
 "And, as a trophy of war, the head of the brave Wattawamet 
 Scowled from the roof of the fort, which at once was a church and a 
 
 fortress." 
 
 At the time of the "Club" regulations, the homestead 
 law had not yet been enacted. A settler could preempt 
 from the Government by paying |1.25 per acre for 160 
 acres of the domain, or Mexican land warrants ranged from 
 one dollar per acre down as low as fifty cents per acre. 
 
 Under a preemption law of that day, a settler could hold 
 a quarter-section a year before being required to pay out on 
 it. At the end of the year the occupant of the claim was 
 usually poorer than he was at the beginning. He could not 
 get away, and about all he could do was to arrange some plan 
 in concert with his neighbors by which he could hold on to 
 the land by virtue O'f the rights of "squatter sovereignity," 
 It was to protect him thus that the "Club" was called into 
 existence, as we have stated elsewhere in this volume. As 
 the "squatter's" claims were not based on any legal rights 
 conferred by the statutes, the "Seceder" colonists did not 
 recognize the sanctity of the regulations adopted and en- 
 forced by the "Club" organization. If they found a tract of 
 land on the plat at the land office marked by a "V," which 
 designated it as vacant, though in reality a "squatter" occu- 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 257 
 
 pied it through the support of the "Club," they felt little 
 hesitancy, in niauA* instances, in preemjtting it or "jumping" 
 the claim. As they did not believe in secret societies, they 
 seemed to place the "Club" organization in the same category 
 of evils, and for that reason, doubtless, they did not enter 
 into the organization. The "Hairy Nation" looketl upon 
 them with suspicion anyway, for, as Jas. Coen says in his in- 
 teresting "Sketches of Early Times," they had many strange 
 customs. They were very industrious, cultivated large fields, 
 rode in painted wagons, used horses instead of oxen, and 
 worked six days in the week. They did not even fight as a 
 recreation, and would not drink whisk}' at Harrow's grocery 
 on Saturday afternoons. 
 
 Mr. Coen states further, that when they built a school- 
 house at Half-way Prairie, and fitted up a stove in it instead 
 of a fireplace, this innovation met the further disapprobation 
 of the "Hairy Nation." and when they began to build a 
 church, it was considered an overt declaration of war. For 
 Avhat purpose could they need a church, unless to be used as 
 a fort? The pulpit was evidently designed as a sally-port 
 from which the besieged might emerge in a final encounter, 
 after the stronghold had been inv(^st(Hl. 
 
 At length these strained relations culminated in an open 
 rnptur«'. A man named Geo. P. Little entered a forty-acre 
 "claim" on Miller's Creek. Little was a "Seceder," and a 
 "scjuatter" claimed the tract. The "C'lub," of course, pro- 
 tested vigorously, but Little paid no attention to their 
 threats. One day, in midwinter, he borrowed a horse from 
 James Carhart and rode to Albia, armed with an old "pepper- 
 box"' pistol. That very day the "Club'' had nu't to take final 
 action in his cas<\ On his return fi'om Albia the "Club" 
 discovei-ed him and gave chase. Little took the Kddyvilh* 
 ti-ail, with about twenty of the mob in hot pursuit. Th(» pur- 
 suers gnined on him. and finally one of them caught up with 
 him and attemjtted to seize his horse's l)ridle. Little held 
 his revolver in his hand, cocked, and ready for any acts of 
 violence, but as the ]Mirsuer reached the bridle his horse 
 stumbled, and the fall dischai'ged his pistol. The pursuer 
 then kej»t his distance, thinking the shut had been aimed pur 
 |>osely at himself. Lit lie gained the house of Carhai-t, and 
 then t<)ok refuge in the house of Henry Elder, hotly pursued 
 by the mob. 
 
 The m;Mi who h;id i-inuhl n|» willi i.illh' was his friemi 
 17 
 
258 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 Andy Robb. He was endeavoring to assist in Little's escape. 
 He soon arrived at Elder's and, seizing a sled-standard, saun- 
 tered out into the road among the mob, charged them right 
 and left, threatening the entire crowd with destruction if 
 they did not retire. They retired, and a few days later the 
 "Club" met and resolved to exterminate the "Seceders," wipe 
 them off the face of the earth, and raze their church to the 
 ground. 
 
 Zed Chedister went to Mr. Tucker's to borrow his gun. 
 He stated that he wanted to kill "Seceders" with it. He did 
 not get the gun, and his pleasant anticipations of killing 
 "Seceders" were never realized. 
 
 Further commenting on these disturbances, Mr. Coen 
 says in his "Sketches of Early Times" : 
 
 ''A meeting of the 'Club' was held a few days later, when 
 war was declared and it was ordered to raise the 'Nation' 
 and wipe out the 'Seceders,' and to begin by burning their 
 church, fixing a time for the bonfire. Runners were dis- 
 patched to call out the chiefs and braves of the "Hairy Na- 
 tion,' 'Bull-frog Nation,' 'Hell-string Nation,' and all the 
 friendl}' tribes., with their arms, ammunition, and plenty of 
 'snake-bite' medicine. The war-whoop was sounded through- 
 oat the land. The gathering of the invading forces con- 
 tinued until the evening of the appointed day, when they took 
 up their line of march for the 'Seceder' church. 
 
 '•Meanwhile, news from the war-dance had reached the 
 'Seceders,' who, disdaining to sue for peace, took up the 
 hatchet and prepared for the impending conflict. Messen- 
 gers were sent from house to house. 
 
 '• 'And there was huiTying to and fro, 
 And gathering tears, and tremblings in distress, 
 And cheeks all pale,' 
 
 as the steru-visaged 'Seceders' left their homes with their 
 rifles, ammunition, and bullet-moulds. Throughout»the day, 
 the wooded valleys along the frozen waters of Miller's Creek 
 and Bluflf Creek and the landscapes of Half-way Prairie and 
 North Prairie resounded with the familiar cry of their ances- 
 tors: 'Dinna ye hear it? Dinna ye hear it? Dinna ye hear 
 the slogan?' 
 
 "By the time they had gathered at the church, reen- 
 forced by Sheriff Ezra P. Coen, and a squad of friendly 'Hell- 
 strings,' they had but settled down to a comtemplation of the 
 horrors of war, when away over the prairie towards the 
 'Bullfrog Nation,' 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 259 
 
 " 'Like the di'ead northern hurricane, 
 That sweeps the broad plateau, 
 Flushed with the triumph j'et to gain, 
 Came down the serried foe,' 
 
 who, finding the building occupied by an unknown quantity, 
 marched to a grove near by, and went into camp, 
 
 "Next day both armies prepared for the approaching 
 conflict. After some time, in which some seemed inclined 
 to open the battle, a commissioner was sent to the church to 
 demand a surrender. They were invited into the building, 
 cjhown the strength of the besieged, and informed they were 
 ready to fight it out. There was some parley as to the causes 
 of the war, and the commissioners returned to camp. 
 
 "Some of the invaders favored moving on the enemy's 
 works, but others favored further attempts at diplomacy, 
 and so some hours were spent in conference of the commis- 
 sioners. The more warlike of the belligerents became im- 
 patient at the delay. Each party stood to his arms and 
 glared at each other across the prairie. After considerable 
 negotiations, each party cooled olf, and some kind of a 
 truce was fixed up without the arbitrament of arms." 
 
 The Covenanters. 
 
 The Covenanters are yet another variety of Presby- 
 terians. They organized in Pleasant Township in 1860. In 
 that year Rev. Neal was sent as a "supply," and preached 
 until 1SG5, when he was succeeded by Rev. Jas. Love, whose 
 ministerial labors extended down into the '80s. 
 
 Rev. J. A. Thompson then preached until about the year 
 1892, when Rev. McBurney assumed charge, and held the 
 place until about the beginning of the year 1890, when he re- 
 signed and went to Oklahoma. The church does not have 
 any regular minister at present. 
 
 The Covenanters erected a church edifice in 1871, on the 
 Hicks place, just east of the "Seceder" church. 
 
 Like the "Seceders" and other strains of Presbyterians, 
 the Covenanters are characteristic for their sturdy manhood 
 and thrift. They, too, are of Scotch origin, and their faith 
 is the same as it was in the days of Charles the Pretender — 
 nothing has been added and nothing taken from it. 
 
 The distinguishing characteristic of the Covenanters' 
 faith is that Christ sulTered and died to purchase not only 
 spiritual blessings and salvation, but that the great sacrifice 
 also covers the temporal welfare of mankind. They hold 
 
260 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 God has an ever-present existence in all things mundane, 
 and that therefore human governments and laws framed 
 for the well-being of society should be recognized as deriv- 
 ing their being through the direct interposition of God. They 
 insist that God should be recognized in the United States 
 Constitution, and thej refuse to vote as long as it is not so 
 directed. They hold that it would be sacrilege or impious 
 to vote under a constitution infidel in character, insomuch 
 as it does not recognize God, 
 
 Some years ago, while U. K. Bates was assessing in Man- 
 tua Township, he called to assess the property of Rev. J. A. 
 Thompson. Mr. Thompson demurred, when called upon to 
 make oath to his statements, and refused to pronounce the 
 usual clause, "so help me God." He wanted, as a final com- 
 promise, to abbreviate the phrase by leaving off the word 
 '*God." Finally, however, when he was told that the law 
 required this of him, he acquiesced. 
 
 Mr. Bates then called on Rev. Acheson, of the Associate 
 Reform Church. This gentleman thought the word ''God" 
 was not sufficiently strong, and added to it by saving, 
 ''Almighty God." 
 
 Following is a list of some of the original members of the 
 Covenanter Church, their names being all more or less well 
 known in the history of Monroe County: Wm. Pressley, 
 Adam Orr, the Hebrew and Sinclair families, Wm. Chisholm 
 and his wife and mother, Thos. Nichol and wife. Rev. Jas. 
 Love and family, Wm. Huston and family. Jas. Irwin and 
 family, Jas. Dougherty, Joseph Pervis, David Forcythe, Sr., 
 and family, John Bedford and family, Hugh Hawthorn and 
 family, the Dunn family, Arthur G. McKeown, Samuel Kil- 
 patrick and family, and Wm. Allen and family. 
 
 , The United Presbyterians. 
 
 The United Presbyterian organization in Monroe 
 County, while formed by a union of the Associate Reform 
 and Associate Presbyterian bodies, also contained a few 
 recruits from other Presbyterian societies throughout the 
 county. 
 
 Rev. J. N. Pressley was the first pastor of the new 
 organization, and began in 1858, the year the two churches 
 united. 
 
 At present there are two T^uited Presbyterian organi- 
 zations in Monroe County; one at Albia, and tlie other four 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 261 
 
 miles nortli of Albia, known as the Service TTnited Presby- 
 terian ('on<2;i'e<jation. 
 
 From the i'ep;ister of this congregation we copy an 
 historical sketch, which, while a part of it may be but a 
 repetition of statements already recorded concerning the 
 Associate Reform Presbyterian Church, is a reliable record: 
 
 Historical Sketch of Service I'nited Presbyterian 
 
 Coiiipcf/nfion. 
 
 "The exact date of organization is lost. With a view 
 to organization, a meting was held at the house of Mr. 
 Simeon AVycoff, March 10, 1S5(5. There were present at 
 that meeting Messrs. Wm. Robb, Samuel Elder, John Hen- 
 derson, Thos. Wilson, Andrew Robb, Samuel Henderson, 
 Samuel Thompson, Wm. P. Kendall, and Wm. Richard. 
 Thos. Wilson was chairman and Samuel Conley was secre- 
 tary of that meeting. The meeting made arrangements to 
 secure five acres of land from Wm. Robb, as a church site; 
 and also decided that tke church building should be of stone. 
 
 "This meeting adjourned to meet at Wm. Robb's March 
 24, 1850. The same persons were present, and in addition 
 Mr. Thos. Bell. At this meeting, on motion of Wm. Robb, 
 it was decided that the new organization should be called 
 Service. Wm. Robb and Sam'l Conley were appointed to 
 draft a petition to the Associate Presbytery for a new 
 organization. 
 
 "This meeting adjourned to meet April 7, 1856, at the 
 house of Samuel Conley. Here the records fail. According 
 to some who took part in these proceedings, Wm. Robb 
 carried the petition for a new organization to the Associate 
 I'resbytery, but did not secure a favorable response until 
 a subsequent meeting. 
 
 "The congregation was organized at the Half- Way 
 I'rairie school-house by the Rev. Samuel ]lindman, probably 
 in the month of .June, ISot). The elders in the new organi- 
 zation were Wm. Robb and Samuel Conley. 
 
 "At the meeting for oiganization Simeon WycotT was 
 elected an elder. Soon after he was ordainc*! and installed 
 and Joseph liobb installed as elders in the congregation. 
 
 "There are no records t)r icgister showing the growth 
 of the congregation from the time of its organization to 
 the union of tlie .\ssociate Reform and Associate churches, 
 Mav, 1858. 
 
262 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 ''An Associate Reform congregation had been formed 
 at the Half-Way Prairie school-house in September, 1854, 
 by the Rev. Fee. In this congregation were John Fullerton, 
 Geo. Griffin, R. K. Nelson, and David Forcythe, including 
 their families and others, making in all eleven members. 
 Geo. Griffin and R. K. Nelson were the elders. The con- 
 gregation was supplied by Rev. Fee, Rev. Miller, Rev. White, 
 Rev. R. A. McAyeal, and Rev. J. N. Pressley. 
 
 "Soon after the union of the Associate Reform and 
 Reformed churches, the congregation at Service received 
 considerable accessions from Half- Way Prairie Associate 
 Reform congregation. There are no records to show that 
 there was a formal union. There is, however, a record of 
 a united communion meeting held in the Campbellites' 
 church, Albia, September 3, 1858, by the Rev. J. N. Pressley. 
 
 "At that time the record states that the session of Albia 
 consisted of Dr. A. A. Ramsay, Dr. Stewart, J. C. Acheson, 
 and David Forcythe; the sesion of Service, of Joseph 
 Robb, Wm. Robb, Samuel Conley, Geo. Griffin, and Simeon 
 Wycoff; the session of Pleasant Divide, of Matthew Elder, 
 Samuel Wallace, R. K. Nelson, and Wm. McBride. These 
 sessions, it is carefully noted, were each represented in the 
 united communion service. In each of these, it will be 
 noticed, there is an elder of the Associate Reform congre- 
 gation. It would seem then that almost immediately after 
 the union the Associate Reform congregation was absorbed 
 by the three surounding Associate congregations, Service 
 getting the largest share. 
 
 "The joint communion seems to have been a very happy 
 one. Afterwards, if not before, the Associate Reform and 
 Associate people, except those who still hold the Pleasant 
 Divide Associate organization, were completely united. 
 
 "Returning now to Service alone, the congregation was 
 without a settled pastor from the time of its organization 
 until November 18, 1858, when a call for half time was 
 made for the Rev. J. N. Pressley; Albia taking the other 
 half. Mr. Pressley was dulv installed some time between 
 May 4 and July 13, 1859. 
 
 "On August 25, 1859, a paper was handed into the 
 Presbytery of Pleasant Divide — being a part of Service 
 congregation — asking the privilege of calling Rev. J. N. 
 'Pressley a part of his time. This privilege was granted. 
 This request probably meant a division of Mr. Pressley's 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 263 
 
 time between Service and rieasant Divide, as two places 
 of preaching in one congregation, as there is no subsequent 
 account of a call. 
 
 "There is no definite information h'ft concerning Mr. 
 Presslev's work in the congregation — its accessions, its 
 membership, all unknown. He was a man of marked 
 ability in the pulpit — a champion defender of the truth. 
 He was called on several occasions to take part in public 
 discussions, in which liis great intellectual ability was 
 strikingly exhibited. At a meeting of the I'resbytery at 
 Kuoxville, June IS, J8G2, a mutual request was handed in 
 from the Kev. J. N. I'ressley and tJie Albia and Service con- 
 gregations for a dissolution of the relation between them — 
 the pastor having been called to what was adjudged a more 
 important field of labor. On motion, it was resolved that 
 said relation be dissolved, but Pressley would not be under- 
 stood as conniving at or encouraging irregularities in the 
 dissolution of such relations. 
 
 "The work in which Mr. Pressley engaged after leaving 
 this charge was the financial agency of Washington College. 
 He returned, however, to the pastoral work at Grandview 
 and Harrison, in the Presbytery of Keokuk. He has now 
 gone to his reward. He dicHl at Grandview, Iowa, August 
 22, 186G, aged 56 years. 
 
 "The church building was raised and enclosed during 
 Mr. Pressley's pastorate. This was done during the summer 
 of 1800. Temporary seats were secur<'d and the church 
 remained unfinished and unfurnished until after the war. 
 It was a period of hard struggling. The country was new 
 and many were hard-pressed for means to make their 
 necessary or much needed improvements. Some who 
 could not contribute money protTered gratuitous labor. 
 This present church, i)leasant, though not grand, was the 
 result. 
 
 "The congregation was vacant until April l.'J, 1864, 
 when a call, in connrction with Albia, was sent to the 
 presbytery, addressed to Mr. J. P. Black, a licentiate under 
 the Presbytery of Mansfield. At this meeting Mr. Black 
 was present, and was received iinder the care of the j)resby- 
 terial certificate from the Presbytery of Mansfield. The 
 call from An)ia and Service was presented; Mr. Black a.*?ked 
 a day. On the next day, April 14, 1864, he signified his 
 acceptance, and trials were assigned for ordination. At a 
 
264 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 meeting of the presbytery June 15, 1864, Mr. Black, having 
 delivered satisfactory trial discourses, was ordained and 
 installed as pastor. 
 
 "There are no records giving special information con- 
 cerning Mr. Black's work in this congregation. Upon the 
 general testimony of the people, it may be said that Mr. 
 Black was a faithful pastor. As a preacher, though 
 retiring, perhaps to a fault, he was a man of considerable 
 ability. His backward, retiring disposition probably 
 hindered somewhat in his work. 
 
 ''At a meeiing of the presbytery August 31, 1865, he 
 offered his resignation o'i the pastorate of Service and Albia, 
 assigning as his reasons: 'Lack of interest in the cause and 
 a failure on the part of prominent elders and members to 
 perform their duties." At a meeting of the presbytery at 
 Service Church October 5, 1865, Dr. A. A. Ramsay, Joseph 
 Robb, and Wm. Rambo appeared as commissioners of the 
 congregations, and reported 'that it had been decided to 
 acquiesce in the pastor's request.' On motion, Mr. Black 
 was released. Mr. Black is still engaged in ministerial 
 work, but has not since been pastor of a congregation. 
 
 "Again the congregation was vacant, until April 11, 
 1866, when a united call from Service and Albia, addressed 
 to Mr, John Hadden, a licentiate under the inspection of 
 the Presbytery of Muskingum, was handed in to the presby- 
 tery at a meeting at Somerset. Mr. Hadden, being present, 
 was received with the understanding 'that he should procure 
 and hand in a certificate, in due time.' The call, being put 
 into his hands, was by him accepted. 
 
 "At a meeting of the presbytery at Service Church, 
 June 19, 1866, Mr. Hadden presented satisfactory trial 
 discourses and was ordained and installed as pastor. 
 During Mr. Hadden's pastorate no church register showing 
 details of his church work was kept. 
 
 "At a meeting of the prebytery at Somerset, April 21, 
 1869, the union of Albia and Service was dissolved and the 
 whole of Mr. Hadden's time given to Albia. He continued 
 his labors in Albia until his death, which occurred August 
 25, 1872, His age was 34 years. He graduated at Muskin- 
 gum College in June, 1862, and at Alleghany Theological 
 Seminary in the spring of 1865. He was a successful pastor, 
 both at Service and Albia. His social qualities contributed 
 largely to his success. He maintained the most agreeable 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 265 
 
 relations with, all his brethren in llie ministry — was on 
 good terms with all, and intimate with many, llis (imilitics 
 of heart endeared him to his brethren, not only of his own, 
 bnt also of other denominations, lie hail a liappy combina- 
 tion of social and moral powers, which made him a most 
 excellent, agreeable, and usefnl man. 
 
 **Vour present pastor Ciime here as snpply in the early 
 part of 1809. Your call addressed to him was handed in 
 to the presbytery, presented, and accepted November 10, 
 1800. Since he came to the congregation, the register 
 shows 111 persons that have been taken into membership. 
 59 on profession and 52 on certificate, though the mem- 
 bership before was probably 100. With all these apparently 
 encouraging accessions, the decrease by removal, death, and 
 discipline has been so large tlmt the membership of the 
 congregation at present is only about 113." 
 
 The foregoing sketch was written by Eev. S. C. Marshall. 
 The next to succeed him was Rev, John Pattison, who as- 
 sumed the pastorate in the 'TOs. Rev. Boyd assumed charge 
 about the year 1883 or 1884, and was succeeded by Rev. 
 McKernon, who had charge of the congregation until 18!>5, 
 when he resigned his pastorate. 
 
 The Service pulpit, at present, is tilled by Rev. Knipe. 
 
 At the present time, the Albia congregation is without a 
 preacher. 
 
 The Cumberland Frcsbj/terians. 
 
 This variety of the Presbyterian Church is at present 
 without an organization in Monroe County. 
 
 In about the year 1870 there was an organization in 
 Monroe Township of 30 or 40 members. The first 
 minister in charge was Rev. Wheelis, with whom was 
 associated Rev. Wallace, 
 
 Tn 1872 Rev. Smith McCall preached for a year, an<l 
 was succeeded in 1874 by Rev. Hewitt. 
 
 The organizatiou then died out; the members going 
 into other churches. 
 
 Among the members were Mr. and ^Irs. .las. Knix, Mr. 
 and Mrs. Hlakely Dinwiddle, and I'^Iias Combs and wife. 
 
 The Christidu i'hunh. 
 
 In the year 1847 Isaac Watson and old "Uncle .Johnnie" 
 Mock, two of the pioneers of this county, drove up to 
 
266 BISTORT OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 Marion County, where Rev. Aaron Chatterton, a Christian 
 or Campbellite minister, was holding a revival meeting, and 
 on their return, brought the minister back with them. He 
 began a series of meetings in the old school-house in Albia, 
 and also preached occasionally at the home of "Old Jimmie" 
 Robinson, four miles south of Albia. 
 
 A church was soon organized, containing among its 
 charter members: John Mock, Mrs. Margaret Mock, his 
 mother, Mrs. Zerelda Watson, Mrs. Margaret Hollingshead, 
 "Old Jimmie" Robinson and wife, Peter Robinson, Miss 
 Eveline Robinson, Robt. E. Robinson, Miss Angeline Robin- 
 son, Miss Cornelia Robinson, Miss Zerelda Robinson, Miss 
 Martha Robinson, and Miss Helen Robinson. 
 
 Chatterton did not confine his labors to Monroe County 
 exclusively, but the next year Elder Joseph Caldwell as- 
 sumed the pastorate of the newly organized church. He 
 resided a few miles southeast of Albia, and drove in every 
 Sunday to preach. 
 
 In 1851 Elder Mott took charge of the church, and 
 remained about a year; and in 1856 he was succeeded by 
 Elder Reuben Garriott, the father of Mrs. David Ireland, 
 of Albia. 
 
 In about the year 1863 Elder Amos Buchanan assumed 
 the pastorate and preached until 1867. 
 
 In 1868 a young infidel or Universalist school-teacher 
 named Free Waldron, hearing the quite noted theological 
 debate between Elder Chatterton, of the Christian Church, 
 and Rev. Frank Evans, the little oratorical giant of the 
 Methodist persuasion, became converted to the church 
 represented by Mr. Chatterton, and in the same year began 
 to preach. He preached for seven years, and built up the 
 organization into a church of considerable influence and 
 popularity. He was a fine singer, and a gentleman of more 
 than ordinary clerical ability. He had the faculty of in- 
 fusing spiritual life into his church, and while his popularity 
 was at its zenith the church enjoyed a phenomenal growth. 
 
 At this time an episode occurred which completely 
 crushed the minister in the locality, and for a time disrupted 
 the church. A Miss Fanny Arnold, a young lady of one of 
 the best families in the county, who made her home in the 
 family of Mr. Waldron, made public certain allegations 
 against the minister which gravely impugned his Christian 
 character. A church trial was conducted at the residence 
 
HISTORY OK MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 267 
 
 of Isaac Watson, and tlie charges investigated. The allega- 
 tions made by the young lady did not accuse the elder with 
 the commission of acts of immorality, but with conduct 
 frivolous and unbecoming a minister of the gospel. Among 
 the charges was one that the minister insisted on her sitting 
 on his lap while milking the cow, and other festive mani- 
 festations. Most of the members of the flock did not 
 believe the charge, but some of those who did withdrew 
 from the church, and JNlr. Vincent Heed, who had been 
 one of the most active members, went so far in his denuncia- 
 tion of his pastor as to publish a pamphlet setting forth 
 the alleged sins of the elder, it is said this pamphlet was 
 mailed to every locality where Mr. Waldron was retained 
 in ministerial work. Mr. Waldron is now in Missouri, and 
 is still an efficient and zealous minister of the gospel. 
 
 In 1875 Elder J. B. Vaughter came to Albia and set to 
 work earnestly to get the organization on its feet again. 
 Two years previous Elder Waldron had entered negotiations 
 with the Baptist brethren for a swap of church buildings, 
 and with the cooperation of Elder Vaughter the trade was 
 completed. The Baptists owned the edilice from which the 
 present Christian Church building was remodeled. The 
 Christians owned the building in the Fourth Ward now 
 owned by the United Presbyterians. It was rather small 
 for them. The Baptist organization was meager, and there 
 was an incumbrance of four or five hundred dollars on the 
 church. The two churches traded edifices, and the Chris- 
 tians assumed and paid off the indebtedness. The church 
 then made some extensive improvements in the building; 
 towers were added, and a wing built on, under Brokaw's 
 pastorate. 
 
 When the first edifice was erected, in the early 'GOs, 
 Willis Arnold donated the lot, and also donated labor in 
 erecting the building. The carpenter work was mostly 
 donated free, by members of the churclu 
 
 Vaughter preached a year, and was succeeded by Elder 
 Allan Hickey, in 1870. He preached three years. 
 
 Elder E. J. Stanley then had charge for one year, and 
 the next year Elder Orange Iliggins tilled the Albia pulpit. 
 
 In 1881 Elder J. K. Cornell was employed, and in 18&i 
 was succeeded by Elder Edward O. Sharji. who preached 
 for one year. 
 
 In 1884 Elder J. H. Kagan assumed the pastorate, and 
 held it for three years. 
 
268 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 G. L, Brokaw came in in 1889, and remained two years. 
 
 Elder E. A. Martin succeeded him in 1891, and preached 
 one year. In 1892 Elder Harold Monser took charge, and 
 preached for one and one-half years. 
 
 In 1893 Elder W. J. Hastie, the present incumbent, was 
 employed. 
 
 Nearly all of the gentlemen named possessed a high 
 standard of pulpit eloquence. Buchanan, it is said, was a 
 reniarkablA' eloquent divine, and was greatly loved by his 
 flock. Edward O. Sharpe was known as "the boy preacher." 
 He was still under age when he occupied the Albia pulpit, 
 yet was a youth of remarkable eloquence. Rev. Monser 
 was also a fine orator and logician, and perhaps outranked 
 all others in elegance of delivery. 
 
 Besides the foregoing list of pastors in charge, there 
 were several evangelists, who preached throughout the 
 county from time to time, conducting revival meetings. The 
 first revival meeting was conducted by Chatterton; then in 
 March, 18G8, Elder Hobbs, of Des Moines, held a meeting of 
 remarkable success in Albia. Elder N. E. Cory and Prof. G. 
 T. Carpenter also preached in Albia at intervals. 
 
 There is also an organization near Avery under the pas- 
 torate of Elder Aaron Pearson, who holds several other 
 appointments throughout the county in addition. 
 
 For many years the Christian Church has maintained an 
 organization both in Monroe and Urbana townships. At 
 Selection some members of the Christian Church contributed 
 towards the erection of the United Brethren church of that 
 phace, in 1888 or 1890, hoping to hear an occasional sermon 
 by preachers of their own denomination. It was agreed that 
 the Christian denomination should have access whenever 
 the pul]>it was not occupied by the United Brethren minister, 
 a small rental being levied on them by the United Brethren 
 organization for Ihe purpose of keeping up repairs, provid- 
 ing illumination, fuel, and other incidental expenses. 
 
 In about the year 1890 the Christian organization in 
 Urbana Township erected a neat frame church building, 
 near the Center school-house, at a cost of |1,075. The organi- 
 zation has no preacher at present, but Rev. Pearson preached 
 for them until about tlie year 1895. Among those who were 
 active in the building of the church at that place, and who 
 are members of the organization, are Mrs, Elizabeth Forster, 
 Mrs. Braden and daughter Alta, Mr. Wheatly Forster and 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 269 
 
 wife, William Smith, Irviii Smith and wife, Wm. Kobinson, 
 Jephtha Kobinson, Geo. U. Kobinson and wife, Mrs. lliram 
 Lonj;, David Malion and wife, Mrs. Chas. Milk'i-, Niiiirod 
 Martin, Geo. Shaw and wife, Warner Sliaw and wife. Dr. C. 
 N. Udell, of Blakcsbur?::, David .lav, l>ani('l Williams and 
 wife. If. D. Carroll and wife, and Mrs. Fannie Carpenter. 
 
 There is also a small following of the church on Soap 
 Creek, under the pastoral care of Kev. Moses Lockman. 
 
 Besides the regular elders in charge at Albia, there 
 have been several ministers engaged in the outlying appoint- 
 ments. Among these were Kev. Ades, who preached at vari- 
 ous places within the county from 1887 to 1890. Also Kev. 
 McCray, a young student of Drake I^niversity, who filled the 
 country pulpits a short time after Ades. 
 
 In 1889 an organization was made in Bluff Creek Town- 
 ship, east of Lovilia, known as the Osburn appointment. 
 They have a church edifice, and the membership is about 35. 
 
 In the early '70s a union clia])el was Ituilt in ITrbana 
 Township, near the Wapello county line and south of Ulakes- 
 burg, in theJay neighborhood. Elder Peaison preached three 
 years, beginning in 1891. at which time he organized the 
 church with a membership of about 45. The organization 
 contained the following officers: Herman Snow and Noah 
 Smith, deacons; David Jay and E. E. Thayer, deacons; and 
 ;Mrs. Candace Jay, clerk. A handsome church has lately 
 bt^M?n built on the site of the old "Jay Chapel" at a cost of 
 about 11,300. It is 28x40 feet in dimensions. 
 
 In 1895 Elder C. L. WalktM-, of Batavia, preached at the 
 union chapel. 
 
 The present membershi]> of the Albia church rt'aches 
 nearly 500, and they pay their minister a liberal salary. 
 They have lately pui'chased a lot on Main Street, with a view 
 to erecting a niori^ commodious church edifice. 
 
 The United lintlinii (Intnh. 
 
 The first organization of this church was made in the 
 Clodfelter neigliborhood, about fotir mih^s soutlieast of 
 •Vlbia, in 1854. In 1845, however. Rev. Wm. Bird, an evan- 
 gelist, preached ocrasionally near TTayden Smith's, south of 
 Albia a couple of miles, where John Collins now ri'sides. 
 Rev. Kohzad preached in 1855, and the next year Rev. 
 McLaughlin. In 1858 Kev. Byerley took charge of the con- 
 gregation. He was succeeded by l\e\. Jacob Honebrake. 
 
270 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 The charter members of this first organization were: Wm. 
 Clodfelter and family, Hudson Martin and wife, Richard 
 Martin and wife, Jas. Martin, and Samuel Miller and wife. 
 Since about the year 1860 the church went down, and no re- 
 organization was made until 1880, when, through the efforts 
 of W. H. Trussel, who lives in Monroe Township, Rev. Wm. 
 Kelsey was induced to preach at the Hayes school-house and 
 elsewhere throughout the county. An organization was 
 formed, and then Rev. Myer succeeded Kelsey as pastor. 
 Myer conducted a successful series of meetings at Selection, 
 during which the church received many accessions. He was 
 enthusiastic in his work, and was the most successful min- 
 ister that has ever led the United Brethren flock in the 
 county. After preaching several years, both in Monroe and 
 Appanoose counties, in which latter an organization has ex- 
 isted for many years at Salem Chapel, he located in Kansas 
 and became a presiding elder in the church. He was suc- 
 ceeded by Rev. Schaffer, who also preached several years in 
 both appointments. 
 
 Rev. Smith came next, and then Rev. Heitegman as- 
 sumed charge. He did not preach out his full term, and was 
 succeeded by Rev. Rebok. Rev. Benson came next, and 
 filled the pulpit for one or more years, and was succeeded by 
 Rev. Woodson. Woodson died before his term ended, and 
 Rev. Wm. Whitlock filled out the term. Rev. Brooke next 
 took charge and is at present the pastor. 
 
 Of late years, a part of the United Brethren Church 
 have taken up the doctrine of "holiness," or entire sanctifi- 
 cation. Rev. Whitlock was one of the most zealous pro- 
 moters of this society, and did considerable evangelical 
 work throughout the State, taking a tent with him. For 
 some time the "holiness" folks remained in the United Breth- 
 ren Church, but later have organized some sort of society of 
 their own, a sketch of which will follow in this chapter. 
 
 The United Brethren Church in Monroe County contains 
 about 50 members. The church is thrifty and progressive. 
 It formerly opposed secret societies, but of late their consti- 
 tution has been so amended as to take in members of the 
 secret and benevolent organizations. This change will 
 doubtless add to the growth and popularity of the church, 
 as hitherto the anti-secret society sentiment excluded many 
 influential and worthy members. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 271 
 
 lu 1884 a handsome church edifice was erected, near 
 Selection, in Monroe Township, whore services are held semi- 
 monthly. The ohl j)ioneer or<j;anization hehl its services in 
 the Clodfelter school-house in Urbana Township, not far from 
 where Samuel Miller lived for many years. 
 
 The Bunkers. 
 
 The Dunkers, or German Baptists, have an organization 
 nt'ar Cuba, a few miles east of Avery. At present there are 
 about 80 members. The church is of German origin, but 
 many of the membership in Monroe County are native born, 
 and of English nationality. 
 
 In 1888 a faction of the church withdrew from the main 
 body and styled themselves ''The Old Order." Some of 
 the younger members began to manifest a liking for buttons, 
 instead of hooks and ej^es, and the church in general, they 
 thought, had begun to relax its rigidity in its long-adopted 
 custom of plainness of dress. They therefore withdrew, 
 and Elder .lolin Stama had charge of the faction for four 
 3'ears. This faction is now about extinct in Monroe County, 
 there being but one or two members left, since the recent 
 death of David Kingery and wife, who were prominent mem- 
 bers. 
 
 There is still another offshoot from the church, known 
 as the Progressive Dunkers. The question of dress does not 
 enter into their religion at all, and every member is free 
 to dress as he or she wishes. There is no organization of 
 this faction in Monroe County. 
 
 The church proper contains at present the following 
 officers: Hiram Berkman, John Follis, elders; Willis 
 Rhodebaugh. minister in first degree; Abram Morgan, Aaron 
 Moss, "Ren'' Morgan, John Miller, Wm. Adkison, deacons. 
 
 In the summer of 18S.'5 a church edifice was erected 
 about two miles east of the town of Avery. It is a sub- 
 stantial structure. .'^0x70 in dimensions, and is of the plainest 
 architecture. 
 
 Among the list of present membership are: Hiram 
 Berkman. wife, and two daughters, John Follis and family. 
 Lewis ^filler and wife. ''Aunt" Ruth Miller. Mrs. Isabel 
 Miller, Geo. Thornton. Mrs, Dora Snow, Miss Ann Ronk, 
 Mrs. Mary Henderson. Mrs. Ellen Moss, Mrs. Abigail Dres 
 kill. Miss Flora Boebe. ^liss Martha Bcebe. Jasper Bi^-bc. 
 Mrs. Emma Henny, Peter Miller and wife, Lewis Milltr and 
 
272 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 wife, Warder Miller and wife, Elisha Leech and wife, Mis« 
 Rhoda Hunt, Mrs. Matilda Bailey, Mrs. Olive Morgan, Mrs. 
 Eliza Morgan, Wm, Warner and wife, Mrs. Martha Warner, 
 Mrs. Mary Roberts, Joseph Miller, Mrs. Jane Roberts, Mrs. 
 Ann Whetson, Mrs. De Moss, Mrs. Martha Cotfman, Mrs. 
 Lucinda Miller, Mrs. Nancy Millard, Mrs. Drucilla AVood- 
 ruff, Mrs. Margaret Rogers, Mrs. Rosanna Hansel, Mrs. Ida 
 l*earson, Mrs. Malinda Hardsock, Mrs, Ella Beebe, Mrs. 
 Amanda Miller, Marshall Bonnett and wife, Mrs. Sarah 
 Ferrall, Mrs. Hannah Ferrall, Mrs. Dell Ferrall, Mrs. Emma 
 Bonnett, Mrs. Sophia McMullen, Mrs. Mary Adkison, Frank 
 Roberts and wife, Sam'l Roberts and wife. Miss Emma 
 Funk, Miss Maimie Follis, Miss Annie Follis, Miss Amy 
 Beebe, Victor Pearson, Henry Butler, John Miller and wife, 
 Martin Snow, John Brewer and wife, John Dreskill, and 
 Miss Nettie Dreskill. 
 
 Among the old charter members were John Hansel 
 and wife, Daniel Miller and wife, Peter Miller and wife, 
 David Kingery and wife, Wm. Warner and wife, Mrs. 
 Abigail Miller, Mrs. Sarah ^loss, and Frank Myers. 
 
 Elder Frank Myers was the first minister. He was 
 succeeded by Elder Daniel Miller, who died in 1883. Since 
 then. Elder Hiram Berkman and Elder John Follis have 
 had charge of the congregation. Elder Berkman was 
 ordained in 1881, and was associated with Elder Miller in 
 the pastorate up to the death of the latter. 
 
 The Baptist Church. 
 
 The Baptists organized in 1855, with a small member- 
 ship. They ceased to hold meetings in Albia in 1863, but 
 two years later they held meetings in the Christian church, 
 and in 1807 they built a church edifice, which in later years 
 ])assed into the hands of the Christian denomination, and 
 forms a part of the latter's present structure. 
 
 Rev. J. C. Miller had charge of the Albia congregation, 
 and in later years Rev. INIace acted as pastor for a time, but 
 at the ])resent there is no organization in Albia. 
 
 There is also an organization in the western portion of 
 Monroe Township, in the Woodcock-Thomas neighborhood, 
 but they do not hold regular services there. In this con- 
 gregation were the Woodcocks, Thomases, Youngs, and the 
 Vnrnuni family. The church building was erected in about 
 the year 1860." 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE C0DNT7. IOWA. 273 
 
 TluTc is also another orj^auizatiou at Lovilia, and aii- 
 othtn- at liiteiiian. At the hitter phice Ihey have a com- 
 modious church building;: and a large membership. 
 
 An orjjanization was made at I.ovilia early in the '(iOs, 
 but it died out, and no reorj^anization was made until 18!):?. 
 They used the other church edilices as })laces of worshii). 
 and ha\e at i)resent a nuMubership of 41). The present 
 deacons are Jas. Stewart, A. F'. Cobb, and H. II. (\)rmauy. 
 Their ju'esent pastor is Kev. Lanninjjham, who divides his 
 time with the Hiteman class. Elder Dewees or<;anized the 
 first class, and the next preacher was Rev. Todd. Rev. Hicks 
 took chai-si-e in the later '60s, but, becoming? entangled in a 
 scandal in which one of the sisters of his flock was co-related, 
 the i)reacher withdrew, and the church went to pieces. 
 
 For many years the ^Missionary Baptists have had a 
 kind of loose organization in the southern portion of the 
 county. The term "Hardshell" has been applied to the less 
 jirogressive element of the church, ])robably owing to their 
 incorrigible opposition to modern church usages and doc- 
 trines. This crustaceous ai>}>ellation may also be in part 
 owing to the rude or unsophisticated appearance of many of 
 the members, together with their close-communion idejis. 
 They seldom had church edifices, but congregated in school- 
 houses, in which they became noted for the fervency and 
 vigor of their revival meetings. The ministers were unedu- 
 cated, but usualh' possessed a combination of backwoods 
 eloquence and shrewdness which crowned their efforts with 
 success. 
 
 Tn about the year 1800 Rev. Geo. liauey, of Appanoose 
 (N)unty, built up a large and ]irosperous membershiji of 
 Ttajitists in the vicinity of Foster, and. chielly through his 
 efforts, a handsome chui-ch edifice was erected at Foster. .V 
 couph* of years later it burned down and was reluiilt in 1804 
 and 180,~). The church at Foster is in a prosju'rous condition, 
 and the pulpit is now filled by Rev. Smith. The congregation 
 have also erected a parsonage for their pastor. 
 
 The African Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 The colored Met h(»«lists were organizc<l in February, 
 187.'{. in the old r.a|»tist church in Albia, by Kev. Ilcnson. The 
 following is a list of some of the jn'ominent members: Mr. 
 Jones, Mr. Henry Jones. Mr. Alf. Urayson. Mrs, Sarah Gray- 
 son, Rev. Gornelius Thomas, Mrs. Mary Furgason, Mrs. Rilda 
 
274 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Hedge, Monroe Davis, Mrs. Indiana Thomas, and Elijah 
 Morris. 
 
 Rev. Benson served in the pulpit two years, Rev. Hutchi- 
 son, two years; Elder Holmes, one year; Rev. Johnson, two 
 years; Rev. Rhinehart, two years; Rev, Malone, one year; 
 Rev. Hammond, one year; Rev. Rhinehart, again one year; 
 Rev. Williams, two years; Elder Peterson, one year; Rev, 
 Addison, one year; Rev. Taj'lor, two years; Rev. Johnson, 
 one year; Rev. F. W. Lewis, one year; Rev. Ford, one year; 
 Rev. James, one year ; Rev. Rhinehart, again one year. 
 
 The present church structure was built in 1884, and the 
 parsonage in 1895. 
 
 Grace Episcopal Church. 
 
 In 1867 Bishop Lee organized an Episcopal church in 
 Albia with H. K. Steele, Geo. Hickenlooper, and a Mr. White 
 as vestrymen. Mr. Hickenlooper did not belong to any 
 church, but his wife was a member, and it was probably 
 through her membership that he enjoyed the emoluments of 
 the office. Rev. J. E. Ryan, of Ottumwa, assisted the bishop 
 in the organization. 
 
 Rev. Labaugh was their first regular preacher or rector. 
 He continued his services until 1872 or 1873, when the organ- 
 ization succumbed to financial embarrassment. At about 
 this period they erected a church building, largely by means 
 of funds advanced by Mr. Labaugh. 
 
 The church building was that now owned by the Catholic 
 society on Benton Street. It passed out of the hands of the 
 Episcopal society through the foreclosure of a mortgage. 
 
 The society still continues to hold services in Albia. 
 They congregate in a hall over the Albia State Bank, and 
 Rev, Whittam is the rector. 
 
 The Roman Catholics. 
 
 The Catholics numbered among the pioneer settlers of 
 M<mroe County, and were in the county before Iowa became 
 a State, They early displayed that spirit of enterprise and 
 devotion to their religion which has marked their course in 
 every land and in every epoch of Christian history. Since 
 then, four churches have been built in Monroe County and 
 the society is flourishing. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 275 
 
 The inembei'ship in Monroe County is largely made up 
 of our Irish population. They are (piiet and industrious, and 
 very greatly reverence their priest. The priests who have 
 had charge of the organizations in the county have all been 
 highly educated men, and an embellishment to any com- 
 munity. They are not only capable of rendering wise spir- 
 itual counsel to their parishioners, but also give temporal 
 advice in matters of a worldly nature. 
 
 In order to illustrate the obedience with which the par- 
 ishioners conform to the wishes of the priest, an incident is 
 related as an actual occurrence, but the waiter cannot voucli 
 for its truth, though the episode probably occurred. 
 
 Some years ago, when they were raising funds with 
 which to erect a church, the times were rather hard for an 
 enterprise of this kind, and the story goes that the priest, 
 from his position in the pulpit, would assign certain dona- 
 tions to certain members of the parish; for instance, the Can s 
 would be directed to donate so many dollars, the Malones so 
 many, etc. The priest, pointing to one old gentleman, said: 
 ''And you must give ten dollars." AVhereupon the faithful 
 parishioner arose, and in a meek though mildly remonstra- 
 tive tone began : "May it plaze yer riverince. toims are verra 
 hard an' the price of hogs is" — but at this stage of the re- 
 monstrance the priest, pointing his finger at him, shouted: 
 "You sit down, sir!" The old gentleman sat down, and a 
 few days later somebody in Albia remarked to him that the 
 priest was a little hard on him. "Yis, he wor," was his re- 
 ply; "but the money will have to coom." "What will be the 
 result if you fail?" was next asked. "His riverince would 
 sind me to the divil if T refused." 
 
 In 1854 or 1855 the Catholics built a log church in ilu' 
 northeast corner of Hugh Fitz-Patrick's field. It stood by 
 the side of the little grave-yard, which faced the Albia and 
 Chariton highway. The spot where this little church stood 
 is now growing in grass, but the place will long be remem- 
 bered by the friends and descendants of those pioneer set- 
 tlers who attended mass in this humble cabin of long ago. 
 
 The society was organized by Rev. Father Kiakel, a Ger- 
 man, who conducted mass in the early '50s, and who is now 
 the venerable pastor of the principal ])arish in Ottumwa, 
 Iowa. 
 
 Among this band of zcalniis jiionccr Christians were 
 the Carrs, Coadys, (Jouners, Cullenanes, Stacks, McDonalds, 
 
276 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 ISIoloys, McDononghs, Sinnots, and Sculleys. Through 
 their efforts the handsome St. Patrick's Cliurch at Stacyville 
 was begun in 1860. This edifice was designed by Fatlier 
 Clifford, a young clergyman of rare talent and amiable 
 social traits. The structure is built of stone. It is 100 feet 
 in length, (50 feet wide, and 50 feet in height. It was an 
 arduous undertaking to build it, at the time, and it was sev- 
 eral years before it was completed. The parishioners were 
 mostly poor at that time, and it was a great sacrifice on the 
 part of many to contribute of their means. At one time 
 this church interior, with the altar, statuary, and paint- 
 ings, was classed as one of the handsomest in southern Iowa. 
 
 Among later settlers who were most active and liberal 
 in their endeavors to complete the church were Edward 
 O'Bryan, the Kelliher families, John Welsh, the Malones, the 
 Colemans, and several others equally generous. 
 
 St. Patrick's Parish has had the following pastors since 
 its organization: Fathers Krakel, McMenomy, Gleason, 
 Malone, Cannon, Harrison, Ryan, Monyhan, Hayes, and 
 Gaule. The latter is the present pastor. 
 
 The church edifice at Stacyville was built in 18(54, and 
 the ceremony of laying the corner-stone was observed May, 
 19, 1801. Bishop Smyth, of Dubuque, was present, and con- 
 ducted the services. He placed the corner-stone, and be- 
 neath it was deposited a bottle, hermetically sealed, con- 
 taining the following: "Idibus Maii jumpe in teste pentecoste, 
 anno domini 1864. Pio Nono, Papa Feliciter Ecclesiam 
 Regente. Abraham Lincoln, Praside Statuum Faderoto- 
 runi America Septenrionalis. Wm. M. Stone, Guberna- 
 culum Status Iowa tenente. Illius Reorao Clemens Smyth, 
 Biscopus Dubuquensis, hunce Primarium Lapidum. Inagno 
 Coneorsu populi circumstante et equituum exoronte rite et 
 solemniter ])nsnit." There were also deposited with this 
 record a silver five-cent piece, a five-cent bill of fractional 
 currency, and a twenty-cent bill of currency; also a copy of 
 the Albia ('nion of July 8, 18(58 — all of which are doubtless 
 (piietly resting to this day in their sealed receptacle. 
 
 In 1870 the Catholic community of Melrose organized. 
 They erected a humble church ediifice, but the society in- 
 creased so rapidly that more room was soon required. The 
 old building was sold, and is now John Foutch's barn ; and 
 the present handsome and commodious building succeeded 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 277 
 
 it. Father O'Reilly is the priest who presides over these 
 people. 
 
 Out at Weller stands a neat little church, built by the 
 Catholics. As it is too small, it will soon be replaced by a 
 larfjer structure. 
 
 The orpiuists at these churches are: at Staoyville, 
 Mrs. W. W. O'liryan; at Melrose, Miss T. McGrath; aud at 
 Weller. Miss Wallace. Their respective choirs, especially at 
 Stacy ville, attract the attention of all musical ears. The 
 music is said to be exquisite. 
 
 In 1874 Father Harrison organized a congregation in 
 Albia. They bought the Episcopal church when it was sold 
 by foreclosure, and at present they hold service twice a week. 
 
 Father Ryan preached two years after Harrison's two 
 years' service; then Father King took charge, and led the 
 society for eight months during 1877-8. Father Daily then 
 j)reaclied eight .^ears, and was succeeded by Father Quinn, 
 who preached three years. Father Fitz-Simmons next as- 
 sumed charge, and preached a year, and was succeeded by 
 Father McCarville, who took charge in May, 181)5, and who 
 is now at the head of the society. 
 
 The .\lbia church has about 125 members living within 
 the city. 
 
 The Catholic population of Monroe County reaches beyond 
 2,000. There are at present, 224 in Wayne Township, 542 in 
 Jackson Township, H12 in Guilford Townshi]). l\9S in Cedar 
 T<>wnship. about 200 in Union Township, and about 200 dis- 
 tributed tluMMighout the other townshii>s. with about 125 
 in Albia. 
 
 The Socictif of Frirtuls. 
 
 The Friends Chur<h came into existence in Albia in the 
 year 1S!>5. through the ])olicy of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Chuirh in expelling certain of its members for alleged insub- 
 ordinaticm to the doctrine of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 A part of the latter church imbibed the doctrine of "holi- 
 ness," or entire sanctitication, insisting that this was the 
 basic principle of oiiginal Metliodism as enunciated by John 
 Wesley. On being ex]»elled. they alViliated witli the Monroe 
 Cotmty Holiness Asseciation, and particii»aled with the lat- 
 ter in their camp meetings and cottage ]»ra,vei- meetings. 
 
 .\s tlu' Holiness Association is inter denominatiunal in 
 chaiacter, embracing a membersliip from all churches, yet 
 
278 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 not being denominational itself, the Monroe County exiles 
 from the Methodist Church decided not to join the Holiness 
 Society as a body, but to investigate the tenets of the 
 Friends organization at Oskaloosa, Accordingly they sent 
 a delegate to Oskaloosa to request membership with the 
 Friends of Oskaloosa. 
 
 Rev. G. M. Lemon, of Oskaloosa, superintendent of the 
 Oskaloosa Quarterly Meeting, came to Albia, and, after 
 fully investigating the matter, returned and sent a committee 
 to Albia to examine applicants for membership. A favor- 
 able report was submitted by the committee, and an organi- 
 zation was made at Albia, which is known as the Albia 
 Monthly Meeting of Friends. They congregated in Perry's 
 opera house for a time, but later changed their place of meet- 
 ing to Love's hall, where they meet at present. 
 
 The society, beginning with 40 members, has increased 
 to nearly 250. They held meetings at Cedar Mines, where 
 they gained about 100 proselytes. They also held services 
 at the Morris school-house, about five miles west of Albia, 
 where they gained about 50 accessions. Their pastor is 
 Miss Lorena Tyrrell, a lady of remarkable energy and ability. 
 She is universally beloved by her flock, and has been emi- 
 nently successful in her pastoral duties. 
 
 The Albia Friends Church is oflicered by four deacons — 
 namely, A. H. Humeston, Eli McAlister, Mrs. D. W. Nevins, 
 and Mrs. Sarah Ireland. Mr. Harry Van Schoiak is clerk, 
 and Dr. E. G. Powers corresponding secretary. 
 
 Early this fall (1896) they intend to erect a church edifice 
 in Albia, which will have as large seating capacity as any in 
 Albia. It will be erected two blocks north of the northwest 
 corner of the Square and one block north of the Cramer 
 Hotel. It will be a frame building, and it is expected that it 
 will be completed during the present year. 
 
 The church creed of these Friends is the same as that of 
 the original Friends, or Quakers, except that in the former 
 faction the regulations of dress are eliminated. There is 
 another striking contrast in their manner of worship. The 
 original Friends, or Quakers, are silent and undemonstrative, 
 while the latter are quite the opposite, often being carried 
 beyond the point of diginity in their religious fervor. 
 
 The Monroe County Holiness Association. 
 In 1892 the doctrine of "holiness," or entire sanctification, 
 became a conspicuous theme with a certain element of 
 
HISTORY OF MONROB^ COUNTY. IOWA. 279 
 
 the Methodist, United Bre'thren, and a few of the Baptist 
 societies in Monroe County. They are very zealous in their 
 convictions, and while participating in public worship some 
 of them become so wrought up by their emotions that their 
 feelings approach something like a spiritual frenzy. When 
 seized by this feeling, it is not uncommon for the subject to 
 sink into a sort of trance, and remain in this condition some- 
 times for hours. This phenomenon usually transpires while 
 the subject is experiencing the explusion of inbred sin by the 
 influence of the Holy Spirit. The change, they assert, which 
 their spiritual state undergoes in its transition from a sin- 
 ful state to one of absolute sinlessness is instantaneous, irre- 
 sistible, and overwhelming. Their souls are then isolated 
 from all worldly temptations, and all inbred sin is rooted out. 
 
 Some of the more emotional of the members adhere to 
 the doctrine of Christian science, and profess to heal dis- 
 eases through divine interposition. 
 
 Among the charter members of this society were Chas. 
 Bay, Jas. Neil, D. C. Crowell, G. U. Clemmons, T. H. Parker, 
 L. H. Parker, Joseph Parker, and Mrs. Parker, his mother, 
 and the hitter's daughter, Mrs. Maring, D. W. Xevins, Dr. 
 Powers and wife, W. R. Kelse}', the Patersons, Mrs. L. A. 
 McCreai'y, Mrs. Sarah Ireland, Kev. Wm. Whitlock and wife. 
 J. A. Bigelow and wife, Dallas Winecup and wife, Isaac 
 Trimble, D. C. Currier and wife, Mrs. Hurford, A. H. Hume- 
 ston and family, and Sol Hickman. 
 
 S. H. Humeston, of Albia, is president of this society, 
 and Mrs. Sarah Ireland is vice-president. Miss Bertha Hume- 
 ston secretary', and Isaac Trimble treasurer. The society is 
 inter-denominational in character, and is governed by a Com- 
 mitttee of Council. The membership within the county is 
 about 200. 
 
 Their doctrine is very simple, and is about the same as 
 that of the Salvation Army. It teaches simplicity of dress 
 and the Golden Kule, without any accompanying "isms." 
 Each member is expected to follow his own conscience in dis- 
 cerning tlie right. They disregard the usual outward cere- 
 monials observed by the orthodox churches, and devote 
 their attention to simple piety. 
 
 They have no chui-ch edifices, and employ no ])astors for 
 theii- local organization. They worship usually in a tent :it 
 certain intervals, and employ some noted evangelist of their 
 persuasion to conduct a camp-meeting. 
 
280 n I STORY OF MONROE COUNTY. WW A. 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 Aver a fjc Crop Yield of Monroe Coimty for 1895, and Other 
 Statistical Items. 
 
 The following figures are taken from the Iowa Agri- 
 cultural Report for 1895. 
 
 The average yield per Jiere of agricultural prod- 
 ucts was: 
 
 Winter wheat, bushels 22 
 
 Corn, bushels 40 
 
 Oats, bushels 34 
 
 Rye., bushels 16 
 
 Timothy seed, bushels 3.6 
 
 Clover seed, bushels 2 
 
 Millet seed, bushels 18 
 
 Potatoes, bushels 134 
 
 Sweet potatoes, bushels 136 
 
 Buckwheat, bushels 141 
 
 Sorghum, gallons 108 
 
 Hay, timothy, tons 1 
 
 For these staple products, the prices on December 1st 
 averaged as follows: 
 
 Winter wheat |0.42 
 
 Corn 19 
 
 Oats 14 
 
 Rye 20 
 
 Timothy seed 1.32 
 
 Clover seed 4.50 
 
 Millet 25 
 
 I'otatoes 20 
 
 Sweet potatoes 87 
 
 Buckwheat 45 
 
 Sorghum 55 
 
 Hay, timothy 7.00 
 
 The average price per head for cows on same date was 
 $28, and that of horses |34. 
 
 In 1895 there were 10 counties in Iowa which gave a 
 higher yield per acre of winter wheat than Monroe County. 
 The counties of Greene, Tama, and Guthrie averaged 25 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 281 
 
 bushels per acre, which was the highest. Carroll, Dallas, 
 and Adair gave an average of 24 bushels to the acre, and 
 Palo Alto, Frt^'uiont, Van Buren, Henry, Muscatine, and 
 Washington 2:? busliels per acre, Monroe (Jounty, with li»*r 
 average yield of '2'2 bushels, canu' next. 
 
 J^ittle or no spring wheat has been sown in .Moiirtx' 
 County within recent years. 
 
 In 18U5 the highest yield of corn per acre was nuide by 
 Fremont County, showing 50 bushels per acre; while that of 
 Monroe County was 40 bushels. The highest average yield 
 of oats was made by Montgomery County, showing 71 
 bushels per acre; while that of Monro<? was 34. 
 
 For the present year (18l)(») the average yield for Monroe 
 County of the foregoing staples will be much greater than 
 for 1895, with the exception of the oat crop. The growth of 
 the latter crop was so exuberant that a large proportion of 
 the acreage within the county blew down before it was 
 headed out. and it did not fill well. The corn crop is prob- 
 ably the heaviest the county has ever produce<l, and its aver- 
 age yield per acre will reach nearly that of the corn co\inties 
 iMU-dering on the Missouri Kiver. 
 
 During the last three or four years tlie yield per acre of 
 the hay crop has been decreasing, though the acreage has not 
 been reduced. This is mainly owing to the gradual usurpa- 
 tion of the fields of timothy by blue-grass. During the recent 
 seasons of drought the timothy, making a light growth, and 
 in numy cases yielding no seed, permitted the blue-grass to 
 take its j)lace. The blue-grass, nuituring the efirliest of all 
 grasses, made a rajiid growth in the spring, when there was 
 a little moisture in tin* earth. Its seed matured, germinated, 
 and choked out the timothy, which had about succumbed to 
 the dry weather. 
 
 The most protracted drouglil will not kill blue grass. 
 It becomes parched and brown, and <'Ven its roots become 
 dried out and ajijKirently dea<l. In this c(>ndilion the plant 
 will lie dormant for niontlis; but when the rains come, the 
 roots return to life and the plant soon regains its verdui-e. It 
 grows in great pi-ofusion on all kinds of soil, and esi»ecially 
 on unimpr<>ved lands and timber soil, and affords valuable 
 grazing for live stock. 
 
 In 1S!>5 there were 1,1'I5.4:!7 head of lioises in the Slate 
 of Iowa, and of this numbei- Monroe County had 8.1)01. 
 Thert^ were onlv 9 counties in the Slate having a less num- 
 
282 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 ber — viz., the counties of Osceola, Dickinson, Emmett, Win- 
 nebago, Worth, Hancock, Palo Alto, Ida, and Pocahontas. 
 Pottawattamie County had 21,695, and showed the largest 
 number; and Dickinson County, with her 5,211 head, showed 
 the smallest number. 
 
 In 1895 Iowa had 3,273,525 head of cattle, of which 
 number Monroe County had 14,546. Fayette County showed 
 37,910 head, being the highest number; and Emmett County 
 had the smallest number — 7,720 head. 
 
 In the same year there were 3,895,316 head of hogs in the 
 State, and Monroe County had 6,763 head. Cedar County 
 stood first with her 67,593 head; and Dickinson County 
 came last, with but 4,847 head. 
 
 In 1895 Monroe County had 12 cheese factories, far out- 
 numbering any other county in the State; the next highest 
 number being in Humboldt County, in which there are 
 but 5. 
 
 While Monroe County stands without a rival as the 
 banner cheese-producing county in the State, she contains 
 but 1 creamerv. Bremer County has 28, Dubuque 27, Jones 
 20, Fayette 22^! and Linn 24. 
 
 Some years ago the farmers of Monroe County tested 
 the relative profits yielded by these two industries. A 
 creamery was established at Albia under the management 
 of competent and experienced managers. Milk routes were 
 established throughout the county, traversing almost to the 
 remotest parts. The milk was brought to the creamery 
 every day by wagons sent out by the creamery. At the same 
 time the cheese industry had gotten fairly under way; but, 
 after a test of one season, the farmers and dairymen decided 
 that there was more profit in sending their milk to the cheese 
 factorit^s, and in thus supporting the latter, the former in- 
 dustry was abandoned. 
 
 Monroe County contains 271,408 acres of land, whose 
 assessed valuation in 1895 was $2,320,235. This valuation 
 included town lots. The assessed valuation of personal 
 property was |680,498. The assessed valuation of railroad 
 property was |579,342, making a total assessed valuation of 
 $3,580,175. 
 
 The State tax for the same was |9, 194.85; and the 
 county, district, and city taxes were |97,846. 
 
 In 1896 Monroe County contained a population of 15,870 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 283 
 
 people. There were also 5,2G9 youth enumerated in the 
 county in that year. 
 
 The amount of the permanent fund held by Monroe 
 County in 1895 was |G0,912.14, and the amount of interest 
 apportioned was |890.46. 
 
 To-day there are doubtless 20,000 or 30,000 acres of wild 
 land in Monroe County, lying idle. While it presents con- 
 siderable diversity in quality, the most of it is j^ood soil, and 
 will afford good pleasant homes to those who have the brawn 
 and sinew and enterprise to occupy and develop it. The 
 greater part of this laud consists of timber and brush lands, 
 and at present can be bought at from $5 to $20 per acre, aver- 
 aging say |12 per acre. Of course, the locality in many 
 cases is not at present the most enjoyable; but, with the 
 rapid change in conditions which is steadily taking place, 
 the remotest fastnesses of the county are destined in a dozen 
 years hence to emerge into a happier and more advanced 
 state of civilization. The refining influence of education is 
 reaching out on every hand, wealth and enterprise join hands 
 with education, and with their combined influence the county 
 will improve and each succeeding generation will be an im- 
 provement on its predecessor. School-houses and better 
 public roads are breaking up the coarser phases of rural life. 
 There is no locality within the county so remote from civili- 
 zation but that the farmer can get his mail in a half-hour's 
 drive. With his good team and carriage, he now drives to 
 the county seat after supper; whereas, in former years, it 
 took him about all day to make the trip with his team of 
 "plugs" and heavy lumber wagon. 
 
 Every foot of tillable Monroe (Jounty soil ought to be 
 in cultivation. The poorest farm in the county will at least 
 furnish a home for somebody. Nobody has ever been known 
 to stai've to death on a Monroe County farm. He can con- 
 trive to make a living, at least, and make it honestly. He ha« 
 the satisfaction of sitting under the shade of his own apple- 
 tree, and the land is his, clear down to the center of the earth. 
 For $400 or $500 he may be able to i)urchase a solid section 
 of the earth, a quarter of a mile wide, a quarter of a mile 
 deep, and over .3,000 miles in length. It cannot be taken 
 from him for debt, and his domicile cannot be broken into 
 by force, without legal permission. He has a right to de- 
 fend his domicile against the invasion of others, even to the 
 extremity of depriving the intruder of life. 
 
284 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 To be the owner of land adds dignity to citizenship. He 
 is a ''free-holder," and enjoys rights and privileges of fran- 
 chise not accorded to those who are not owners of realty. He 
 can borrow money and secure the loan by real estate security, 
 when others could not negotiate the same loan, though they 
 oifered the most abundant security in the nature of personal 
 effects. Security for the loan of school or other public funds 
 must be based on real estate. It is property which thieves 
 cannot break in and steal, nor moth corrupt. 
 
 Bee Culture. 
 
 Bee culture, as a commercial industr-}^, has within recent 
 years been occupying the attention of a few of the farmers 
 throughout the county. Ever since the country was first 
 settled, the people have kept a few colonies of bees for home 
 consumption of honey, but, beyond supplying their own 
 tables, the enterprise has been attended with varying re- 
 sults — in most instances with failure. 
 
 The methods pursued by the bee-keepers of former 
 years were very primitive. The common form of a bee-hive 
 was a section of a hollow log about four feet long, and any 
 diameter from a foot up to two feet. About midway in this 
 "gum" two cross-sticks were inserted as a support for the 
 honeycomb, A broad board was nailed over one end of the 
 "gum," as a roof, and the bottom end was left open. To get 
 at the honey, the bee-man took the family ax, and with its 
 edge pried up the cover sufficiently to blow smoke into the 
 hive. As soon as the smoke reaches a bee it capitulates, 
 l)ut before this stage of the attack, the farmer expected to get 
 stung a half-dozen times at least, for the slightest jarring of 
 the hive will bring a horde of intrepid warriors from out the 
 hive. He did not seriously object to their stinging him if 
 they did it in a satisfactory way, but they would never do 
 that; they would invariably crawl up his pant-legs, and, be- 
 fore getting in their work, strike terror into the heart of the 
 farmer by a kind of premonitory humming. The agony of 
 tliis sus])ense was further increased by the sensation pro- 
 duced by the l)ee climbing slowly up his bare leg. A man 
 witli a strong heart and iron nerve could sometimes stand 
 this; but when a bee gt)t into his whiskers, he grew panicy 
 and his iron nerve ran riot. His first instinct was to call to 
 his wife for assistance, but invariably she remained at her 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 285 
 
 post in the kitchen door, lauj^liinjij at him until witli a wiM 
 vol] he broke for some neighborinjij slirublxn-y, followed b_v a 
 train of Avinjied imrsuers. Sonictinics ho never ventiire<l 
 back to replaeo the covor on tho ''<iiini." 
 
 Then, if ho did not sneeeed in sul)diiin<; the beos, he 
 spoiled the honey in digjjing it out of tho hivo with a knife 
 and spoon, and usually drowned half the bees in the torrents 
 
286 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 of honey flowing from the lacerated comb. Honey in this 
 condition was, of com'se, unfit for market; and he only aimed 
 to produce enough for home consumption. 
 
 Later, when patent hives were introduced, they were 
 all more or less unsatisfactory, and did not conform to the 
 instincts of the bee. 
 
 Within recent years, however, the bee-hive has been 
 highly perfected, and the bee industry, which is still practi- 
 cally in its infancy, in Monroe County, is already achieving 
 gratifying results. 
 
 C. H. Clark, a son of the late Wareham G. Clark, and 
 who resides five or six miles southwest of Albia, has no doubt 
 pursued the industry with the most conspicuous success of 
 any bee-keepers in the county. He has at present from 40 
 to 60 colonies, but intends to increase the number to at least 
 100. He has his apiary on 88 acres of land, and estimates 
 that on an area of 6 square miles 100 colonies of bees could 
 be successfully maintained. He uses a nine-frame hive, and 
 his experience has evolved some very important facts. He 
 uses a square frame instead of one rectilinear in form. His 
 reasons for adopting this form of frame are: the queen bee 
 invariably builds her cell in the center, and for some reason, 
 best known to the bee itself, bees build their supply of honey 
 above the queen's apartment, and leave the lower portion 
 for brood-cells and bee-bread. When Mr. Clark finds the 
 upper half of the frame filled with honey, he removes the 
 frame and turns it upside down, and by thus shifting the 
 position of the frame until all four sides have been in their 
 turn changed, the bees are forced to build in the boxes above, 
 when they would otherwise have selected the frames. 
 
 From Mr. Clark's experience, he has determined that 100 
 colonies will produce 6,000 pounds of honey in a season. He 
 soils his honey at from 10 cents to 20 cents per pound. If 
 his product averaged 15 cents per pound at wholesale, 100 
 colonies would yield him a profit of |900 annually. Forty 
 acres of land would be all the land necessary, and he could 
 follow farming besides. He could sow say 10 acres of buck- 
 wheat to facilitate his bees in their honey-gathering, but they 
 would not be altogether dependent on that, as the forest 
 bloom, such as basswood, white clover, fruit blossoms, field 
 clover, and the wilderness of asters, golden rod, and other 
 yellow wild flowers that bloom in early autumn along fence- 
 rows, highways, and stubble-fields, usually make abundant 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 287 
 
 food for bees. Of course there would be seasons through 
 which he would have to feed his bees perhaps all winter. 
 
 Mr. Clark has two varieties of bees, the Italian and Cari- 
 nolia. He thinks the Italian is the best, because it can 
 reach the honey cavity in a large proportion of the red field 
 clover bloom. The Carinolia is a bee imported from Austria, 
 and he considers this variety next best, having in his apiary 
 about 20 colonies. 
 
 The first to engage in bee culture in (his county was 
 Peter Brown. Oaks and Bachelor next started an apiai'v, 
 but soon abandoned the enterprise. 
 
 Within recent years R. B, Arnold, of Urbana Township, 
 has been pursuing the industry quite successfully in con- 
 nection with horticulture and farming. He has '50 colonies, 
 and intends to keep on increasing the number. 
 
 Henry Burner, Austin Jay, L. Snow, David Kenworthy, 
 Alfred Weilman, and others are successful bee-raisers in 
 ]\ronroe County. 
 
 yiv. Claik, whose judgment in all practical matters can 
 be fully relied on, states that from his perscmal experi- 
 ence, bee culture in Monroe Countj' can be made a highly 
 I'emunerative industry, and he earnestly recommends its 
 investigation. 
 
 Politinil. 
 
 The political cast of ^louroe Ct)UJity for mauy yi'ars 
 has been prett}' evenly divided, the two dominant parties 
 being the Republican and Democratic parties. 
 
 For many years there has also bcH'u a third party within 
 the county, known under various names, such as the Green- 
 back i)arty. Union Labor party, I'rohibition party, and 
 Populist party of the present time. 
 
 These various third party organizations, save the Pro- 
 hibitionists, derive most of tlK'ir recruits from the Demo 
 cratic party; hence they have exhibited a more cordial feeling 
 towards the latter party than towards the Republican party, 
 and it is not uncommon for the Democratic party and the 
 third party, whatever it may be, to fuse on a county ticket. 
 When this course is taken, the liepublican jiarty is often 
 in a slight minority; but when all tlire<' pai'ties bring out 
 a separate local ticket, then the Rei)ublicans are in the 
 aseendency. The inci-eased milling ]»opulalion has added 
 strength to the Populist party <if the piesmi time, sinci' 
 
288 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 a lai-fie majority of the miners favor the Populist doctrine. 
 The l)emocratie and Populist parties were of about equal 
 strength in the earlier part of 1800, but later in the season 
 the free silver agitation, then at its height, drew many 
 Democrats into the Populist ranks, and left the Democratic 
 party third in rank. 
 
 The following official tables show the strength of the 
 respective political parties in the county from 1889 to 1895. 
 The vote was on State officers, 
 
 1895. 
 
 Drake. 
 
 Pleasant 88 
 
 Bluff Oreek 117 
 
 Union 95 
 
 Cedar 51 
 
 Wayne 26 
 
 Georgetown (precinct) 26 
 
 Hiteman (precinct) 104 
 
 Troy 142 
 
 Albia, 1st Ward 84 
 
 " 2d Ward 94 
 
 " 3d Ward 62 
 
 " 4th Ward 92 
 
 Mantua 79 
 
 Avery (precinct) 64 
 
 Urbana 55 
 
 Hilton (precinct) 57 
 
 Foster (precinct) 80 
 
 Franklin 89 
 
 Jackson (52 
 
 Total 1867 848 805 
 
 1894. 
 
 McFarlaiid. 
 
 Pleasant 184 
 
 Bluff Creek 181 
 
 Union 118 
 
 Cedar 67 
 
 Wayne 82 
 
 Georgetown (precinct) 82 
 
 Hiteman (precinct) Ill 
 
 Trov 181 
 
 Babb. 
 
 Crane. 
 
 48 
 
 42 
 
 25 
 
 81 
 
 72 
 
 22 
 
 50 
 
 46 
 
 61 
 
 24 
 
 40 
 
 22 
 
 88 
 
 164 
 
 80 
 
 68 
 
 80 
 
 21 
 
 45 
 
 17 
 
 15 
 
 12 
 
 85 
 
 37 
 
 14 
 
 24 
 
 10 
 
 105 
 
 62 
 
 33 
 
 54 
 
 18 
 
 30 
 
 74 
 
 50 
 
 36 
 
 136 
 
 14 
 
 Dale. 
 
 Crane. 
 
 58 • 
 
 69 
 
 23 
 
 23 
 
 80 
 
 29 
 
 52 
 
 56 
 
 71 
 
 16 
 
 54 
 
 16 
 
 24 
 
 167 
 
 26 
 
 65 
 
Dale. 
 
 Crane. 
 
 26 
 
 17 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 32 
 
 34 
 
 12 
 
 29 
 
 11 
 
 125 
 
 68 
 
 27 
 
 ''2 
 
 73 
 
 41 
 
 18 
 
 54 
 
 38 
 
 137 
 
 8 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 289 
 
 McFarland. 
 
 Albia, 1st Ward 104 
 
 " 2d Ward 116 
 
 " 3d Ward 62 
 
 " 4th Ward 95 
 
 Mantua 81 
 
 Avery (precinct) 81 
 
 ITrba'na 58 
 
 Foster (precinct) 45 
 
 Hilton (precinct) 74 
 
 Franklin 61 
 
 Jackson 70 
 
 Total 1618 832 846 
 
 1893. 
 
 Jackson. 
 
 Pleasant 117 
 
 Bluff Creek 126 
 
 Union 85 
 
 Cedar 48 
 
 Wayne 38 
 
 Georgetown (precinct) 28 
 
 Hiteman (precinct) 100 
 
 Troy. . 147 
 
 Albia, 1st Ward 95 
 
 " 2d Ward 102 
 
 " 3d Ward 40 
 
 " 4th Ward 96 
 
 Mantua 136 
 
 TTrbana 57 
 
 Foster (precinct) 45 
 
 Hilton (precinct) 78 
 
 Franklin 39 
 
 Jackson 74 
 
 Total 1451 996 623 
 
 1892. 
 
 CumminK!^- Witmcr. Joseph. 
 
 Pleasant 95 107 .34 
 
 Bluff Creek 128 H 9 
 
 Boies. 
 
 Joseph. 
 
 83 
 
 32 
 
 31 
 
 10 
 
 80 
 
 23 
 
 68 
 
 22 
 
 75 
 
 11 
 
 56 
 
 13 
 
 29 
 
 132 
 
 39 
 
 52 
 
 35 
 
 16 
 
 48 
 
 20 
 
 18 
 
 8 
 
 40 
 
 28 
 
 44 
 
 108 
 
 83 
 
 29 
 
 37 
 
 65 
 
 41 
 
 16 
 
 59 
 
 30 
 
 1.30 
 
 8 
 
290 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Cumraings. Witmer. 
 
 Cedar 60 75 
 
 Union 103 105 
 
 Wayne 30 77 
 
 Georgetown (precinct) 37 60 
 
 Hiteman (precinct) 93 45 
 
 Trov 143 44 
 
 Albia, 1st Ward 103 37 
 
 " 2d Ward 107 46 
 
 " 3d Ward 45 20 
 
 " 4th Ward 96 ^51 
 
 Mantua 145 39 
 
 Urbana 55 107 
 
 Hilton (precinct) 78 50 
 
 Foster (precinct) 51 33 
 
 Franklin 59 81 
 
 Jackson 73 151 
 
 Total 1501 1169 
 
 1891. 
 
 Wheeler. 
 
 Pleasant 89 
 
 Blufif Creek 148 
 
 Union 104 
 
 Cedar 82 
 
 Wayne 41 
 
 Georgetown (precinct) 16 
 
 Hiteman (precinct) 74 
 
 Trov 150 
 
 Albia, 1st Ward 112 
 
 " 2d Ward 99 
 
 " 3d Ward 54 
 
 " 4th Ward 93 
 
 Mantua 161 
 
 Urbana 56 
 
 Hilton (precinct) 86 
 
 Foster (precinct) 47 
 
 Franklin 72 
 
 Jackson 75 
 
 Total 1559 1429 
 
 Joseph. 
 
 16 
 25 
 14 
 14 
 
 125 
 69 
 12 
 13 
 4 
 15 
 
 117 
 15 
 17 
 40 
 
 550 
 
 Boies. 
 
 Westfall. 
 
 126 
 
 11 
 
 53 
 
 1 
 
 126 
 
 4 
 
 98 
 
 1 
 
 74 
 
 
 
 87 
 
 5 
 
 70 
 
 18 
 
 71 
 
 53 
 
 55 
 
 3 
 
 46 
 
 10 
 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 77 
 
 4 
 
 75 
 
 74 
 
 110 
 
 3 
 
 55 
 
 2 
 
 40 
 
 17 
 
 88 
 
 
 
 154 
 
 1 
 
 208 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 2\n 
 
 1890. 
 
 McFarlaiid. Chamberlain. Brown. 
 
 rieasaiit 89 108 9 
 
 lilutr Tivek 125 5:^ 7 
 
 riiicm 108 111 4 
 
 (Vdai- 80 !>;{ :i 
 
 Waviu' :U 70 1 
 
 (Ji'orjic'town (prrciiict) -5 80 H 
 
 llitemaii (precinct) "),"> 40 10 
 
 Tiov. . . 17'J 78 2:3 
 
 Albia, 1st Ward lO:'. 48 1 
 
 " 2d Ward 100 41 2 
 
 '' 3d Ward 48 18 
 
 " 4th Ward 89 01 4 
 
 Mantua 140 95 20 
 
 Urbaua 02 112 4 
 
 Hilton (precinct) 84 49 4 
 
 Foster (precinct) 4(; 28 25 
 
 Franklin 00 73 2 
 
 Jackson 08 155 1 
 
 Total 1494 1325 125 
 
 1889. 
 
 Hutchinson. Boies. Downing. 
 
 Pleasant 102 150 
 
 lUiiir Creek 128 49 9 
 
 L'nion 105 111 5 
 
 Oedar 07 77 2 
 
 Wavne 35 (>1 1 
 
 (JuiUurd 42 90 
 
 Troy 148 80 13 
 
 Albhi. 1st Ward 101 41 1 
 
 " 2d Ward 93 47 1 
 
 " 3d Ward 48 22 
 
 " 4tli Ward 87 52 8 
 
 Manlna 140 93 19 
 
 Frbaiia •'»5 1 10 7 
 
 Monro.' 100 82 5 
 
 Franklin <;3 03 
 
 Jackson • 05 134 1 
 
 Total 1385 1268 78 
 
292 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 In the foregoing tables tlie first column of figures 
 denote the Republican vote; the second, the Democratic; 
 and the third, the third party vote. The figures given for 
 1892 were for presidential electors. 
 
 At the general election of 1895, the Republican vote 
 for Governor, in Monroe County, fell 54 votes short of the 
 number cast for the Lieutenant-Governor on the same 
 ticket ; Parrott receiving 1421 votes. During that campaign, 
 there was also a Prohibition vote in the county of 112 votes. 
 A majority of these were drawn from the Republican 
 party. There were three county tickets in the field — viz., 
 the Republican, Populist, and Democratic tickets. D. H. 
 Scott, the Republican nominee for Representative, received 
 1440 votes; McCauley, Populist, 908; and Campbell, Demo- 
 cratic, 720. 
 
 In 1894 the Democrats and Populists of Monroe County 
 united their forces, but the Republicans carried the county 
 against their combined vote. McCahan, Republican nominee 
 for Clerk of the District Court, received 1727 votes; and 
 Moore, the fusion candidate, 1588 votes. 
 
 In 1893 the People's party took the "middle of the road" 
 and nominated a county ticket of their own. The vote that 
 year for Representative was: Jay, Republican, 1475; Moss, 
 Democrat, 894; Clarkson, People's party, 773. 
 
 In 1892, also, there were three local tickets in the field 
 for a part of the offices to be filled. McCahan, Republican, 
 for Clerk of the District Court, received 1483 votes; Wyatt, 
 Democrat, received 1205; and Bates, People's party, 524. 
 John R. Clark was elected Auditor by a fusion vote of the 
 People's party and Democrats. Morrissey was also elected 
 Recorder by Democrats and Populists. 
 
 The Democrats and People's party fused in 1891, but the 
 Republicans elected their ticket in the face of the united 
 opposition. Jay, Republican, received 1601 votes; and 
 Pettit, fusion candidate, 1587. 
 
 In 1890 the Democrats and People's party advocates 
 united their strength against the Republicans, but were 
 defeated by the latter. The vote on Clerk of the District 
 Court was: Griffin, Republican, 1606; Forster, fusionist, 
 1224. 
 
 Mamiifacturing. 
 Monroe County contains one manufacturing concern of 
 considerable magnitude — viz., the Western Manufacturing 
 
atSTORT OF ilONnohl COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 293 
 
 Ooniitjuiv. This plant is loc^ited a( Albia, and was estab- 
 lished in Jauuaiy, 180"). It incorj)i)i-at('d under the State 
 laws, with an authorized capital stock of about $50,000. 
 The amount paid in. however, falls below that sum. It or- 
 jjani/cd with the follow inj;- oflicers: Fred Townsend, presi- 
 dent ; \V. S. Scott, vice-president; J. K. (Mark, secretary and 
 treasurer; W. S. vScott. 11. I. (Mark, O. F. Sniitk, Chas. Israel, 
 and E. C. Hulbert, directors. 
 
 WORKS OF THH WESTERN MAJ^fUFACTrRING COMHANV, ALBIA, IOWA, 
 
 The plant was located at Osceida. Iowa, prior to its 
 org;uii/ati«ui in Monroe County, but as this county ottered 
 better transi)ortation and fuel facilities, a local or<;ani/.ation 
 was formed of Monroe County j;entlemen, the machinery 
 was broujiht here and incr{*ase<l facilitit'S added to the new 
 or^'anization. The company builds a very popular pattern 
 of hay-ricker and i-akc; tiicy also manufacture iron pumps 
 (»f a hii;h ^rade, and (»thei' mechanical sundiies. 
 
 The company has not bei'ii in (>perati(m hm;^ enouj;h 
 here to solve the problem of whethei- a manufacturing; plant 
 will succeed in .Vlbia or not. The greatest obstacle which 
 inland manufacturing; enterprises have to encounter is the 
 
294 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 large establishments of the manufacturing c; nt( rs, whose un- 
 limited capacit}' enables them to reduce all expenses to a 
 minimum. Having- this advantage, they are enabled to 
 ]>lace their products before consumers at a price wliicli will 
 drive the smaller competitor into bankruptcy. The superior 
 merits of the jiroducts of the Western Manfacturing Com- 
 pany, however, may achieve for the company a fair degree of 
 prosperity. The concern usually employs from fifteen to 
 twenty men. Its management is in the hands of staunch 
 and reliable business men. 
 
 CAMNING COMPAKi: 
 
 i'Bv ; 'n a 
 
 go D D i 0i B 
 
 «.---,., Js.i 
 
 i^ 1 J- Li l.. 
 
 ALBIA CANNING FACTORY, ALBIA, IOWA. 
 
 The Albia canning factory was organized in 1894 as a 
 joint stock company, incorporated under the laws of the 
 State. Its authorized capital stock was |21,000, of which 
 amount |10,500 was paid up. The company was under the 
 management of eleven directors: E. W. Byers, Ed. A. Can- 
 ning, John R. Duncan, Max Loeb, J. S. Moon, A, A. Mason, 
 John Forster, C. C. Acheson, C. W. Small wood, J. C. Robe- 
 son, and Tom D. Lockman. E. W. Byers was president, 
 Chas. W. Smallwood secretary, and J. S. Moon treasurer. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 295 
 
 Owiiip; to the crop failure of 1804, (lie iiiana^omeut con- 
 cluded to not operate the factory that suninicr. On accept 
 in<i; the i)lant from the contractors, the ilircctors started the 
 niachincrv to see that cvci-ythinj:; was in j,'oo<l woi-kin^ oidn-. 
 Everything' appcai'cd satisfactory, and the c(»nipany received 
 tlie |)hint. On stai-lin«j up in ISDH, for the first time, it was 
 found that the macliinery, and especially the enj^ine, was not 
 set properly, and some expense was incurred in readjusting 
 it. A well was also lackinj;, also pipinj; and other fixtures, 
 to supply all of which cost the company nearly a thousand 
 dollars. 
 
 The machinery for worlcinj; corn did not work satisfac 
 torily the first season,, and a lar^e quantity of the canned 
 product si)oiled. Then the company paid the farmers more 
 for the corn than the^- ought to have done in order to realize 
 any pro tit on it. The result was that at the end of the first 
 season's operations the company found itself $L*.00() poover 
 than in the Iteginning. This, with the additicmal outhiy in- 
 cui-red by su]»])lying the well and meeting other deticiencies, 
 discouraged the stockholders, and at a meeting it was or- 
 dered that the factory be sold to j)ay otf the indebtedness. 
 It was bought for $:{,00() by Messrs. John Kalston, Max Loeb, 
 .1. S. M(K)n, (i. H. Hobs»)n, Tom 1>. Lockman. and K. O. Cramer, 
 who are the lu-esent directors and proprietors. 
 
 The concern continues its charter as an inc >r]»ora(;'d 
 body, and its capital stock is fixed at |:5.()(M). all of wliich is 
 fully paid up. It is establisliing itself on a jtrospei-ous basis 
 at present, and is under the management of I\. O. (.'ramer. 
 
 Albia also contains a drain-tile factory, but it is not in 
 operation at the present time. It is under the management 
 of .1. W. Harvey. It is not in a tl uirishing condition, (twing 
 to inability on the jtart of the i)ropiiel(»i- to lind a steady 
 mai'ket for the product of the factory. 
 
296 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 Towns and Villages. 
 
 Albia, the present county seat of Monroe County, was 
 first incorportited as a town in 1856, tliougti in tlie summer 
 of 1845 Jolin Massy surveyed tlie town site wlien it was 
 known as Princeton. The place at present contains a little 
 more than 2,500 population. As we have stated elsewhere, 
 John Stephenson claimed the quarter-section on which the 
 village was located. He was the first settler in the neigh- 
 borhood. 
 
 The original plat contained but two wards, defined by 
 the alleys running north and south from the Square in the 
 center of the plat. 
 
 Joseph B. Teas was Mayor, and Robt. E. Craig was 
 Recorder; Aldermen — East Ward, Joseph H. Halbrook and 
 Samuel Buchanan; West Ward, Samuel Hebrew and Daniel 
 Mcintosh. 
 
 Mock's and Gray's Additions were included in 1859, and 
 Mason and Koontz's, or South Park Addition, was added in 
 1892 or 1893. 
 
 In 1848 the village of Albia was chiefly a grass-plat. 
 The public park in the center of the Square was a tangled 
 mass of wild grass and "shoe-string" willows. John Marck 
 and family lived in a little frame building on the southeast 
 corner, where the iVlbia Union office now stands. Then about 
 half way across the Square, on the south side, stood the 
 shanty of Dr. Warrick. On the west were the little sheds 
 occupied by Messrs. Park, Harrow, and Buchanan, On the 
 east were Scott Arnold and the court-house, and on the 
 northeast corner was Dan Richardson's. 
 
 One block north of the northeast corner of the Square, 
 on the site owned for many years by Dr. Lambert stood 
 the little log jail. Just north of the jail stood the residence 
 of A. C. Barnes. 
 
 John Webb was also one of the first settlers of the town, 
 and kept in his house a small quantity of goods. 
 
 At the present time the following is nearly a complete 
 list of business firms of Albia: 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, lOMA. 
 
 297 
 
 Anderson & Holliugshead, grocers, east side of Square; 
 the present firm lias been doing business for ten years, 
 
 Kobb Brothers, grocers, east sid<' of Sijuare; in business 
 for thirty years. 
 
 Miss A. 0. Young, general nnMcliandise, east side of 
 Square; in business live years. 
 
 D. A. Maiken, general merchandise., east side of Square; 
 in business eight years. 
 
 W. K Hardenbrook. harness, buggies, etc., east side of 
 Square; in business twenty-two years. 
 
 NORTH SIDK SyiARK, AI.BIA, IOWA. 
 
 .John E. Waugh. meat market, east side of Square; in 
 business two years. 
 
 S. K. Smith, barber, east side of Square; in business ten 
 years. 
 
 Chas. Clavcr, second-hand goods, east side of Stjuare; 
 in l)iisin('ss twelve y<'ars. 
 
 Fred Stucky, shoemaker, east side of Scjuarc; in busi- 
 ness thirty years. 
 
 W. W. Mennch, bai-bcr. Itcntun Street; in husines.s 
 thirty years. 
 
298 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 Anderson & Gray, marble dealers, Benton Street; in 
 business two .years. 
 
 T. S. Jones, blacksmith, Benton Street; in business 
 thirty-one years. 
 
 Henry Johnson, meat market, Benton Street; in busi- 
 ness seventeen years. 
 
 Samuel T. Craig, grocer, Benton Street; in business 
 fifteen years. 
 
 J. O. Varner, grocer, Benton Street; in business ten 
 years. 
 
 KAST SIDE SQUARE, AI^BIA, IOWA 
 
 E. Dougherty & Son, furniture and undertaking, north- 
 east corner of S(iuare; in business twenty -three years. 
 
 J. T, Arnold, Star Laundr}', Main Street; in business 
 one and one-half years. 
 
 II. Simpson, pumps, coal, and grain. Main Street; in 
 business many years. 
 
 Chas. Olson, general repairing and upholstering. Main 
 Street; in business twelve years. 
 
 Electric Light and Power Corapan^^ A. R. Jackson, pro- 
 prietor. 
 
HISTORY OF ^fONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 290 
 
 Royal A. Adams, blacksiiiitli and imjdciiu'iils, Main 
 Street. (See luither mention near end of this volume.) 
 
 B. \V. Crabb, blacksmith, Jefferson Street; in business 
 one year. 
 
 (). ('. Palmer, livery, -lelTcrson Street; in business four 
 years. 
 
 L. A. MeCreary, livery and feed, Jefferson Street, in busi- 
 ness sixteen years. 
 
 T. V. liallew. lumber, Jelferson Stieet; in business tive 
 years. 
 
 WKST SIDK SQIAKK. AI.HIA, IOWA. 
 
 Jas. Dyson, restaurant, JelVeison Slieei; in business 
 six months. 
 
 Harry Sniiili. Mureka Clioplbtuse. Wall Sti-eet; in busi- 
 ness three years. 
 
 Thomas ^^c Kossei", ^i-ocers. Wall Street ; in business 
 ten years. 
 
 N. A. .\n<lers<Mi, |Mini|is and jieneial re|tairin<,'. Wall 
 Street; in business live yeai's. (See fui-lher meiilion near 
 end of this v(dume.) 
 
300 HISTORY OF MOifROt] COUNTY, lOJVA. 
 
 Mark M. Baker, proprietor, New Cramer Hotel ; in busi- 
 ness six months. 
 
 S. S. Pill, restaurant, Wall Street; in business two 
 years. 
 
 Preston & Israel, merchant tailors; in business one year. 
 
 Scott & Milligan, barbers; in business one year. 
 
 Tobey & Anderson, cigar manufacturers; in business 
 three years. 
 
 W. A. Alford, merchant tailor; in business one and one- 
 half years. 
 
 G. W. Hartsuck, meat market; in business four years. 
 
 J. Roberts, druggist, north side of Square; in business 
 five years. 
 
 D. C. Johnson, millinery and ladies' furnishing goods, 
 north side of Square; in business five years. 
 
 Cal Koontz, jeweler, north side of Square; in business 
 twenty-one years. 
 
 C. L. Nelson, insurance, north side of Square; in busi- 
 ness thirty j'ears. 
 
 Skean & Zook, furniture and undertaking, north side 
 of Square; in business five years. 
 
 E. Skean, grocer, north side of Square; in business 
 fourteen years. 
 
 F. E. Dawson, photographer, north side of Square; in 
 business two years. 
 
 Chris. Rudd, baker and restaurant. Wall Street. 
 
 Abe Goodman, clothier, north side of Square; in busi- 
 ness eight years. 
 
 W. H. Kreger, bakery, north side of Square; in business 
 four years. 
 
 C. S. Barger, hardware, north side of Square; in busi- 
 ness two years. 
 
 M. W. Duncan, books and stationery, north side of 
 Square; in business nine and one-half years. 
 
 J. C. Morrison, druggist, north side of Square; in busi- 
 ness twenty-nine years. 
 
 G. N. Ewers, boots and shoes; present business two 
 years. 
 
 Henry Varner, harness-maker, south side of Square; 
 in business one year. 
 
 Joseph McTnnis, grocer, south side of Square; in present 
 business one year. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 301 
 
 Curtis Mock, Vienna Bakery, south side of Square; in 
 luKsiness two months. 
 
 K. O. Cramer, dry goods, south side of Sijiiare; in busi- 
 ness twenty-nine years. 
 
 G. W, Cramer, merchant tailor, soutli side of Square; in 
 business forty-two years. 
 
 L. li. Fuller, manager South Side Book Store; in busi- 
 ness twelve years. 
 
 S. M. Tovrea. grocer, south side of Square; in business 
 four and one-half years. (See further mention near the end 
 of this volume.) 
 
 SOUTH SIDE SQUARE, ALBIA. IOWA. 
 
 Acheson & Kelly, grocers, south side of Square; in busi- 
 ness four years. 
 
 S. S. Smith, boots and shoes, south side of Square; in 
 business twenty-six years. 
 
 J. H. Love, Jr., dry goods, west side of Scjuare; in busi- 
 ness ten years. 
 
 Wilkin Brothers, grocers, west side of Square: in busi- 
 ness nine vears. 
 
302 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 Ramsay Realty Company, northwest corner of Square; 
 in business six months. 
 
 Mrs. L. Buff on, millinery, west side of Square; in busi- 
 ness twelve years. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Clark, combination store, millinery, general 
 merchandise, wood, fuel, fence-posts, and material for coal 
 mines. 
 
 Prizer Clothing Company, Odd Fellows' Temple, west 
 side of Square; in business three years. (See additional 
 mention near the end of this volume.) 
 
 H. A. Prizer & Brother, dry goods. Odd Fellows' Temple; 
 in business six years. 
 
 Paulline & Son, tailors, Odd Fellows' Temple, base- 
 ment; in business one and one-half years. 
 
 G. R. Carden & Company, druggist, west side of Square; 
 in business three years. 
 
 Globe Clothing House, Sol. Loeb, proprietor, west side 
 Square; in business one year. 
 
 J. T. Porter, cigar-maker, west side of Square; in busi- 
 ness four 3^ears. 
 
 Jas. Pheney, grocer, west side of Square; in business 
 thirty-seven years. 
 
 W. N. Moon & Son, general merchandise, west side of 
 Square; in business twenty-nine years. 
 
 Max Loeb, clothier, west side of Square; in business 
 twenty-eight years. 
 
 J, T. Rowe & Son, carpenters, Benton Street; in busi- 
 ness twenty years. 
 
 Walter Cokingham, wagon-maker, Benton Street; in 
 business twenty-seven years. 
 
 Sparks & Rowe, blacksmiths, Benton Street; in business 
 twenty-six years. 
 
 Tom Teas, blacksmith, Benton Street; in business nine- 
 teen years. 
 
 Clark Brothers, implements, Benton Street ; in business 
 twenty-one years. (See further mention near the end of this 
 A-^olume.) 
 
 E. H. Wilson, novelty store. Benton Street; in business 
 four months. 
 
 Miss C. Hamilton, millinery, Benton Street; in business 
 six months. 
 
 Jas. Stewart, feed store, Main Street; in business six 
 months. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 303 
 
 Wilson Brothers, livery and feed, Main Street; in busi- 
 ness six months. 
 
 Saunders & Warner, blacksmiths, Main Street; in busi- 
 ness four years. 
 
 Ilobson Brothers, lumber; in business two years. 
 
 W. E. Whited, livery; in business ten years. 
 
 S. Eaton, barber, southwest corner of Square; in busi- 
 ness six months. 
 
 Wm. Peppers, implements ; in business twenty-two 
 years, 
 
 Albia State Bank, south side of Square; in business 
 six years. 
 
 First National Bank, northwest corner of Square; in 
 business twentj^-five years. 
 
 Albia Roller Mills, M. M. Edward, proprietor. 
 
 Commercial Hotel, one block south of southwest corner 
 of Square; J. M. Titus, proprietor. 
 
 J. R. Wallace, Diamond Laundry, near Central Depot; 
 lately burned out. 
 
 The Semi-Weekhf Union, southeast corner of Square; A. 
 R. Barnes, publisher and proprietor. 
 
 The Progress-Defender, Wall Street; M. M. Hinton, pub- 
 lisher and jiroprietor. 
 
 The \eivs, west side of Square; Belvel & Crenshaw, 
 publishers and proprietors. 
 
 The Messenfijer Publishing: Company, west side of 
 Square. 
 
 Monroe Countij Republican, daily and weekly. Benton 
 Street; S<4)ille & Mendal, }»ublisliers and proprietors. 
 
 L, E. Lambert, jeweler; in Itnsiness six years. 
 
 Cottage Hotel," at C, B. & Q. depot; "Wm. Campbell, 
 proi)rietor. 
 
 Byerley Hotel, A. J. Byei'ley, proprietor. 
 
 Albia Bicycle Mauufacturin}; Company, Heiserman & 
 Anderson, proprictois; in ]»usiness one year. (See further 
 mention near end of (his volunuM 
 
 Avery. 
 
 The town of Avery was established when the C, B. & Q. 
 Railway was put throufjh. in 1S()S. The ])resent ])opiilation 
 is about 400, but the population varies acoordinpr to the 
 condition of the mines, as it is strictly a mining; town. The 
 houses are small and unattractive. The town is five or 
 
304 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 six miles east of Albia, on the Ckieago, Burlington & 
 Quincy Railway. 
 
 At present the place contains the following named 
 business firms: 
 
 Dr. J. R. Cady, physician ; eight years residence. 
 
 Dr. Montgomery, physician, eleven years residence. 
 
 Dr. A. M, Tait, physician, five years residence. 
 
 Smoky Hollow Coal <Jompany, eleven years in business. 
 
 Central Coal Companj^, just opening up. 
 
 
 
 V<;« 
 
 
 STREET IN AVERY LOOKING WEST. 
 
 W. H. Tedrow, lawyer and insurance; four years in 
 business. 
 
 T. L. Evans, general merchandise; eight years in 
 business. 
 
 Hotel, Mrs. Ella Morgan. 
 
 J. G. Thayer, notary public. 
 
 A. L. Criddlebaugh, barber. 
 
 John Melcher, meat market; in business six months. 
 
 L. R. Pearson, general merchandise; in business sixteen 
 years. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 305 
 
 The town also contains a Methodist (Mniicli organization 
 and church, edifice. 
 
 In the vicinity of Avery are situated tlu? Chisholni 
 Mines. They are now about worked out, and tlie village of 
 (^hisholm will of coui-se disappear with the exhaustion of 
 the coal supply. However, a n<'w coal enterprise lias just 
 gotten itself on foot in the vicinity, which juoniises to 
 develop into an extensive coal plant. Tt is known as tin.' 
 Central Coal Company, and its headcpiarteis are at Avery. 
 The mines are on the Iowa Central Railway, and the camj) 
 will be named Ivockman, in honor of Thos. D. TiOckman, 
 of the First National Kank of Albia. The comitany has 
 control of about six hundred acre^s of coal lands, underlaid 
 by a vein of coal averaging four feet in thickness. The 
 mines will be operated by means of a "slope." \V\u. Kvans 
 is president of the company, p]noch Evans treasurer, and 
 Thos. L. Evans secretary. The companv began operations 
 in 1896. 
 
 In abont the year 1870 Avery was in the zenith of her 
 prosperity. The mines were the most extensive of any in 
 the county, and th<' miners made good wages. 
 
 They formed an association and built tlie .Miuers' In- 
 stitute — a sort of e|)itomized Tamuuiuy Hall. Tlie building 
 is still used as a public hall, but the organization has gone 
 down. It was a social club, and had for its <d»ject the 
 educational and social improvement of the miners and their 
 f«amilies. The club had a good library, and the "Institute" 
 was doubtless beneficial to the miners. 
 
 Hynes City. 
 
 This lately christened village lies one and three fiuirt lis 
 mile^s southe<ist of Averv. The localitv is also kn(^wn as 
 "Smoky Hollow." 
 
 Here the Smoky Hollow (^oal ('ompany ojierate their 
 mines. The company's mines have a capacity of about 
 1000 tons of coal daily. .1. L. Evans is at the head of the 
 (•(rncem, and the company has been in business eleven years. 
 Faley Hynes acts as superintendent of the niine, and T*. H. 
 Hynes is secretary. Tlie mines are enter<>d by two "slopes," 
 and ventilation is supjdied by means of fans. 
 
 Hynes City contains a jtopulatiiui of from 250 to ."^OO 
 jieople. The town was i>rojecte<l in 1S;»L\ when six houses 
 were built by .loliii T. Evans, and the place increased 
 rapidly. 
 
306 Hlk^TORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 In 1894 the toAvii contained forty more houses; then the 
 town was formally christened by Mr, Horace Barnes, of 
 the Albia Union. The place was named in honor of P. H. 
 Hynes, secretary of the ^^moky Hollow Coal Company and 
 manager of the Avery Supply Compan}'. His brother, 
 Faley Hynes, it is understood, comes in as a joint sharer 
 of the honor. 
 
 About forty rods east of Hynes City is located the 
 Famous Coal Mines, or Nos. 1 and 2. of the Smoky Hollow 
 Coal Company', 
 
 Hynes City has a large store in its midst, owned by 
 the Avery Supply Company; and also a school-house. In 
 addition to these, there is soon to be established a black- 
 smith shop and post-offlce. 
 
 Foster. 
 
 In 1889, when the Marion and Kansas City Division of 
 the Chicago, Milwaukee & St, Paul Railway was completed 
 through Monroe County, a side-track was put in, near Soap 
 Creek, and about nine miles southeast of Albia, The stop- 
 ping-]>lace was called Soap Creek Siding, and as soon as 
 Ira l*hilli])s and E, I. Foster began to establish a coal plant 
 in the vicinity, trains began to stop regularly; but a station 
 had already been established at IJromptou, about two miles 
 east of Foster, where the railroad company erected a tank 
 and constructed a large reservoir. 
 
 By the time Mr, Phillips had gotten the mine in 
 operation, which went by the name of the Soap Creek Coal 
 Company, several buildings had gone up, erected by the 
 coal company. A large boarding-house and another equally 
 large store building were erected among the first by the 
 Ottumwa Sui)i)ly Company, an auxiliary of the coal com- 
 pany. The store was conducted as a "'company store," 
 issuing "scri})" to the miners instead of currency. This 
 "scrij)" was emitted in this way: The coal company paid its 
 em])loyees once a month in currency. If a miner needed 
 goods or provisions before pay-day, and had no credit with 
 merchants or cash with which to buy, the coal company 
 would issue him an amount of "scrip," the amount de])end- 
 ing on the account in his favor, against the company, for 
 his labor. This "scrip" was current at the company store, 
 in exchange for merchandise. The store was an extensive 
 concern, and handled all lines of merchandise, but. like all 
 
nrSTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 307 
 
 "rtmipany stores." i( was no! popular willi the pco|)l('. The 
 ui»p('i' door of tlu' hiiildinj; was used as a hall. 
 
 Shortly after the village bej^au its existence it was 
 christoned Foster, in honor of E. I. Foster, of Cedar Kapids, 
 Iowa, the principal investor in the mine enterprise. The 
 Messrs. I'hillips then retired from the concern, but Henry 
 Phillips, who was president of the Ottumwa Supply Com- 
 l)any, continued to run the store; not, however, in con- 
 junction with the coal company. The buildin^j burned 
 down two or three vears later, and was never n^built. 
 
 y^ 
 
 
 A GLIMI'SK OK FOSTER, LOOKING WK.Vr. 
 
 While sinkin;; the shaft in ISSS or ISS!). a very unf(U*tu- 
 uate and fatal accident occurred, which attached to .Mr. 
 Phillips cousideialde ill feeliuj; in the c<Mnmunity. .Mi-. 
 JMiillijJS was runninj; the hoistinj; en;;iiie. an<l the half of 
 a ker<>sene barrel was used as a "budget" with which to 
 hoist the dirt. Kd. Dial and Holla Williams, two younj; 
 men working; in the pit, were bein*; hoiste<l in the "bucket" 
 to the top of the ^M'tun*!; while ascendini; and passin;; 
 throu<;h the curbed aperture at the top, Williams' head 
 
308 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Struck a. cross-bar and he fell out of the "bucket," down to 
 the bottom of the pit, a distance of nearly 200 feet, and was 
 instantly killed. He was a young man of good family and 
 highly esteemed, and Mr. Phillips was harshly criticised 
 
 DRUG STORE OF WOODRUFF & PABST, FOSTER, IOWA. 
 
 It being alleged that he did not slow up the engine while 
 the men were entering the top of the pit. A civil suit 
 followed, being instituted by W. D. Kinser, administrator 
 
UIST0R7 OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 309 
 
 of the estate of the deceased, and a small amount of dam- 
 ages was awarded the plaintiff. 
 
 Foster now contains about 800 population, the figures 
 val•yinJ,^ accordin<»- to tlic state of activity of the mines. 
 
 hi October, 1801, U. \V. liever, of Cedai' Kapids, invested 
 in the uiine, and the company was reorganized with K. I. 
 Foster president and Chas. Fugle nmnager. The firm name 
 was dianged to that of the Deep Vein Coal Company, and 
 under that name it is at present incorporated. The plant has 
 a cai)acity of 1000 tons of coal daily, but from 500 to T0() 
 tons is its usual daily ouljnit. 
 
 DHKr VKIM COAI< COMPANY'S WORKS, lOSTl.K. IOWA 
 
 The company (diginally purchased o20 acres of coal 
 land, paying about |40 per acre lor it. Since then it has 
 acijuin'd nearly that much more, but has sold a considei* 
 able portion of its surface, retaining only the coal. Tin- 
 t-ompany at the juesent time has ri-moved 'M) per cent of 
 the <oaI from un(h*rneath its tract. The luUw is ventilated 
 by a fan, which foices down 10,000 cubic feet of air per 
 
310 UlkiTOity OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 miuute. The coal is a superior grade of steam coal, 
 and the output is sold in Iowa, Miuuesota, aud Dakota. 
 
 Most of the buildings in Foster are owned by the Foster 
 Land and Town-lot Company, a corporation said by the 
 incorporators to be distinct and separate from the coal com- 
 pany. Doth concerns, however, bear the same date of organi- 
 zation, and E. 1. Foster is president of each. Some of the 
 coal land lately purchased was bought by the Foster Land 
 and Town-lot (,V)mpany, and the coal company mines the 
 coal. 
 
 The Deep Vein Coal Company have |200,000 invested 
 in the plant, and it is next to the largest in the county. The 
 mines for the last eight months have been running on 
 nearly full time, and the company has paid to its employees 
 during the present year |100,000. The coal company has 
 no "company store," and pays its men every two weeks. 
 
 The population of Foster is largely made up of English 
 and Welsh. There are also a number of Swedes, and a 
 few Italians and Scotch. The Welsh are tine singers, but 
 many of them are intemperate. The Italians are quiet and 
 peaceable, but are fond of their beer. They are quite 
 social among themselves, and about every Saturday night 
 congregate around a keg of beer. They drink and sing 
 all night, but do not affiliate with Scotch, Welsh, and 
 English. 
 
 The Swedes are much more quiet, and at the same 
 time more temperate. Those who do drink, however, get 
 a quantity of raw alcohol, sweeten it, and dilute it with 
 hot water, drinking it hot. This is the Swede's national 
 drink. The Scotchman drinks anything, from bay rum to 
 whisky, and never gets enough. 
 
 Taken on the whoje, they are all a jovial set of fellows, 
 and the better one gets acquainted with them the more he 
 likes them. They lead uncertain lives in the mines, and 
 every miner of ten or twent.y years' experience has had 
 his injuries and miraculous escapes. 
 
 Foster is an incorporated town and is an excellent 
 trading point; and boasts of a baseball team of considerable 
 local fame. 
 
 The Foster Cornet Band ranks as one of the best in 
 the State of Iowa. Mr. Hughes, the pit-boss of the mines, 
 is a lover of music himself, and has had opportunity to 
 draw to Foster some of the best band-])layers in the country. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 311 
 
 A g:oo(l band-plavcr — and lliciv arc some ji;ood oues aiium^' 
 , the millers — can always secni-c work in the Foster mines 
 tlu-t)n<;li Mr. Hu<;lics. Foil(»win;i arc the names (»f llie 
 memlicrs of llic Foster P.and: Samncl Wcbh. condnctoi-; 
 Tlios. lierdinncr, clariom t ; Samuel \N'ehl». solo clarionet; 
 Hold. Dalzel, first cornet; das. Dazel, solo ( larionet; Winter 
 (liles. K flat cinnet; dosejdi Thomas, first alto; llariy Webl), 
 second alto; John Marsluill. first trombone; dolin Caldwell, 
 
 C, M.it ST. I'AII, RAILWAY IKl'STLK. FOSTKK, loWA. 
 
 second trombone; Kobt. .Mullit, tliiid ti-ombonc; Win. Dal/.d. 
 eiiplioninm; Chris. Thomley. II Hat bass; .lack Webb, K tiat 
 ba.ss; dohn Dal/.d. K Hat i>ass; <i»o. Sanndcrs, bass drum; 
 James Kennedv, snare drnm; Uobeit nn;;.lies, jreneial 
 manaj^er. 
 
 Foster at present contains t!ie followinji business tiims: 
 
 Deep Vein Coal Coini)an.v. 
 
 Hilton Coal Coinpan.v. whose i»Iaiit is near llillttn. but 
 whose heatbiuarters are at Foster. 
 
 <Miambeilin i^l: <\irs(Mi. ireneial meithaiidisc 
 
312 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 R. M. Bixby, hardware and tinware, 
 
 Mrs. Treat, confectionery, 
 
 Rowles & Hickenlooper, general merchandise, 
 
 Wilson Brothers, general merchandise, 
 
 G, W, Buck, meat market. 
 
 Rupert Brothers, grocers, 
 
 Trussell & Eslinger, lumber, implements, hardware, and 
 banking, 
 
 Wm. Miller, general merchandise, restaurant, and livery, 
 
 Mrs, France Jones, hotel. 
 
 Mrs. Bowley, hotel and boai'ding-house. 
 
 McCoy Brothers, livery and draying. 
 
 Furgason, racket store. 
 
 Woodruff & Pabst, drugs and stationers, (See further 
 mention near end of this volume,) 
 
 Alex Reed, barber, 
 
 Richard Williams, justice of the peace. 
 
 Frank Hawk, Mayor and post-master. 
 
 C. P. Jones, blacksmith and wagonmaker. 
 
 Blucher Hutchins, blacksmith. 
 
 J. H. Treat, coal company blacksmith. 
 
 Foster has two churches, with a large membership in 
 each. They are the Baptists and Methodists, The Baptists 
 erected a commodious church edifice in 1891-2, It burned 
 in 1894, and in 189.5 a new structure was completed,, which 
 is a handsomer building than the first, and would be a 
 credit to any locality, Thej- also built a parsonage for 
 their pastor. 
 
 Foster is twenty-three miles southwest of Ottumwa. 
 There is an unlimited supply of coal in the vicinity, and it is 
 quite probable that other coal enterprises will soon 
 spring up. 
 
 Blakeshurg. 
 
 This village is one of the oldest hamlets in the county. 
 It was named in honor of Theophilus Blake, who, with 
 Cyrus Vancleve, laid out the town in 1850. The greater 
 portion of the town lies in Wapello County. 
 
 The first white woman who ever resided in Blakesburg, 
 or on the spot where the town now stands, wa.s a Mrs. 
 Smith, who, on the death of her husband, married Len 
 Daggett. She lived on the present site of Blakesburg a 
 whole year before she saw another white woman. Some 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 313 
 
 of Mrs. Smith's children and j^randchildren still live iu 
 Urbana Township. She was the grandmother of Elraer 
 Thayer's present wife, 
 
 'since the ('., M. & St. Paul Kailway was built tlirough 
 the town, it has jirowii considerably, and larji;*' sliii)nit'nts 
 of live stock are made all the year round. 
 
 lUakesbui'ji; is growino- rapidly and the town is sur- 
 rounded by a prosi)erous community. A handsome ^:{,000 
 school bnildinp: is now in ]ir()cess of erection, besides other 
 
 ■##^^" 
 
 .TRi:Kr IN BLAKESBl'RG. 
 
 buildinjjj imjM(»vements. The town has about 400 inhabit- 
 ants, and it is not an incorporated \ illa<;e. There ai'e lar<;e 
 bodies of <-oal lyinj; along Avei-y Creek, two or three miles 
 north of the town, which, when devel<>|»ed, will <loubtles8 
 nmke the town one of consid«'rable importance. 
 
 Following is a list of the business firms doing business 
 in lUakesburg in iSOd. 
 
 (J. Ti. Hednion, restaur;iiil ; in business three years. 
 
 L. Campbell & Son. diuggists; in Itusiness f(»ur years. 
 
314 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 M. H. Abernathy, general ineicliandise; in business 
 three 3'ears. 
 
 C N. Thompson, moat marlcet; in business twenty-six 
 years. 
 
 Wm. Angel, hotel; in business two months. 
 
 Wilson & Durby, general merchandise; just beginning 
 business. 
 
 Frank Fritz, hardware; in business two years. 
 
 Wm. Fritz & Brother, general merchandise, lumber and 
 implements; in business ten j^ears. 
 
 Wm. Rowe, blacksmith; in business sixteen years. 
 
 Chas. Reading, blacksmith; in business sixteen years, 
 
 Geo. Chedister, barber; in business three 3'ears. 
 
 A. V. Tinsley, livery; in business four years. 
 
 David Zigler, saw and planing mills; in business five 
 years. 
 
 W. H. Kolman, hardware; in business three years. 
 
 Henry Weidman, boots and shoes; in business seven 
 years. 
 
 Mrs. Harrington, hotel; in business one year. 
 
 John F. Lober, harness and groceries; in business 
 seven years. 
 
 Mrs, Semiramis Barnes, a young widowed lady, has 
 held the office of postmistress during the Cleveland admin- 
 istration. Blakesburg, in this particular, has been most 
 fortunate, as the present postmistress' predecessor was a 
 young lady. Miss Effie Reading. 
 
 Blakesburg lias two churches and three doctors. Dr. 
 C. N. Udell is one of the most successful practitioners in 
 Monroe and Wapello counties. He is also a preacher, poli- 
 tician, writer, philosopher and sage. Drs. Ray and 
 Torrence are each skillful physicians. 
 
 The Baptist Church built an edifice two years ago, and 
 has about oO members. Rev. Garrison is in charge. The 
 Methodist Episcopal Church erected a building about eight 
 years ago. Its membership is about half a hundred. Rt'V. 
 Ingham is in charge of the congregation at present. 
 
 Hilton. 
 
 Hilton was originally a flag-station about midway 
 between Albia and Moravia on tlie C, M, & A. Railway, 
 It contained a ])ost-office, and in 189;{ or 1894 H. Herrington 
 started a small store and ran it for a year or more. At the 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 815 
 
 present time there is a prospect of tke place takiiij? a 
 boDiu, as a coal coiui»aiiy lias sccuicd an option on a larj;e 
 IkmIv of cDal land in the viciiiilv, comprising' 100 at-rcs, w liicli 
 l)V llioroujili drilling- was found to contain on an avcra^n- 
 tivc feet of ct)al, at a depth of 1*15 feet, where the shaft is 
 located. The i>resent shaft has a capacity of :>00 tons daily. 
 The company is known as the Hilton Coal Company, 
 with headquarters at Foster. The company's lands abut 
 apiinst the Iowa Central Railway. Tlie town has been 
 platted, and already contains seven houses. The company 
 was incorporated danuary 1. ISIMJ, with a capital of fUn.lHJO, 
 f4,000 of which has been paid in. L. A. Chamberliji is 
 president, A. L. \\'iij;ht vice-president, and A. K. Cluunberlin 
 treasurer. The present town plat is about a half-mile east 
 of the station or platform. 
 
 Melrose. 
 
 ^lelrose has about 500 pojtulalion, and is fifti^en miles 
 west of Albia (ui the C., 1>. cV: Q. Railway. It is situated in 
 the midst of a (.'atholic c(nnmunity, and the name itself 
 has an Irish riny; to it, like Tyrone. 
 
 The site of Melrose was tirst claimed by John Drew, 
 in 1847; but the town was not laid out until ISOtJ. 
 
 In 1857 the tirst school was taught in the town by 
 Sarah Rrindle, and the next year a commodious school- 
 house was built. The first store was started by T. ( \ Stewart 
 in 1800. In I8(;i the post-office was established, with .1. \K 
 S. Teacock as postmaster. 
 
 Among the earlier settlers were A. D. r.rown. .1. P. 
 Currier, T. C, Stewart, -1. Davenport, John McCoy, Adam 
 Voutsey, Wm. (Jilbert, Willis C.ilbert. Win. Iternard, .1. 
 Robins(Ui, Pat Coa<ly, and Orson Class. 
 
 Fiillowing is an enuineiation of the business lirms of 
 Melrose in 18!k;: 
 
 Sumner Smith, n(>t;iry, pension agent, and insuiimce; 
 in business twenty-two yeais. 
 
 W. R. Rriles & Comjtany (W. R. Rriles and D. Riordau). 
 druggists and |diarniacists; in business four years. 
 
 Jas. Duggan. ]»ostmaster and merchant; in business 
 since 1881. 
 • Thomas Rrandon, banker; established in 1881. 
 
 L. Lemly iV: Son, hardwai-e and farm implements; in 
 business five vears. 
 
316 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Geo. Sone, breeder and importer of thoroughbred 
 stallions. 
 
 Wm. Ford, blacksmithing; in business twenty-two years. 
 
 F. L. Sailing, harnessmaker. 
 
 M. D. Sullivan, general merchandise and justice of the 
 peace; in business sixteen years. 
 
 J. C. O'Conner, druggist; oldest druggist in Monroe 
 County — in business twenty-five years. 
 
 A. G, Paschal & Son, general merchandise; in business 
 fifteen years. 
 
 W. S. Curry, groceries, boots and shoes; in business 
 one year. 
 
 Cleveland Hotel, Mrs. S. W. Albert, proprietor; in 
 business ten years. 
 
 Providence Hotel, P. G. Dever, proprietor; in business 
 two years. 
 
 J. P. Currier & Son, meat market and grain ; in business 
 four years. 
 
 Western Exchange Hotel, C. H. Whelan, proprietor. 
 
 Mary Heffron, millinery and dressmaking. 
 
 Riordan & Blair; in business two years. 
 
 A. O. Lee, lumber ; in business thirty years. 
 
 Wm. Lahart, general merchandise; in business twenty 
 years. 
 
 P. C. Murphy, bakery and confections. 
 
 W. W. O'Bryan, attorney at law and notary. 
 
 Stacy ville. 
 
 This hamlet is seven miles north of Melrose, and con- 
 tains the principal Catholic church in Monroe County. 
 
 East of Stacyville, three miles, is the hamlet of George- 
 town, and Tyrone is south of Georgetown and nine miles 
 west of Albia. 
 
 W^est of Albia three miles are located the once bustling 
 coal mines known as Cedar Mines, now about extinct. The 
 Cedar Valley and Albia coal companies had their plants 
 here. 
 
 Frederic. 
 
 This village is located on the Chicago, Burlington & 
 Quincy Railway, about four miles east of the town of Avery, 
 and about two miles south of what was once the village of 
 "Business Corners." The town was laid out by Messrs. 
 
BISTORT OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 3 1 7 
 
 Hale and Hamilton when tho railroad was built. The place 
 was named in honor of Frederick Joy, a fornici- pn^sidcnl of 
 the B. & M. Railroad. 
 
 The villajie (M>ntains ixM-liaps 150 people, and those en 
 gaged at present in business ar**: 
 
 IlaAAthorn «& Hansel, general merchandise; in business 
 six months. 
 
 S. A. Worley, blacksmithing and implement dealer; in 
 business four years. 
 
 Akers Grocery Company, gencial merchandise; in busi 
 ness three years. 
 
 Reeyes & Company, general merchandise; in business 
 iwo years. 
 
 Groye Brothers, general merchandise; in business 
 t\yenty-eight years. 
 
 Frederic Coal Company, controlled by Chas, Akers, 
 who has an option on the plant and eighty acres of land. 
 
 Hiteman. 
 
 The town of Hiteman is the largest town in Monroe 
 County outside the city of Albia. At present (189l>) the 
 place contains a population of between 1400 and 1500, and 
 is situated on Cedar Creek, six miles northwest of Albia. 
 The town was platted September 1. 1800. The location is 
 broken and was selected more to suit the conyenience of the 
 Wapello Coal Company than with a yiew to symmetry or 
 beauty. The population is made up almost exclusiy«'ly of 
 miners. They consist of Americans, English, Welsh, Swedes, 
 Scotch, Germans, and negroes. The negro population oc- 
 cupy the southern part of the town. 
 
 Thosi' engaged in business in Hiteman in July, 180<». 
 were : 
 
 A\'. A. Doyenspike, Hiteman Hotel; in business two 
 years. 
 
 W^ni. !Morrissey, postmaster. 
 
 Dr. McFall, physician; in business two years. 
 
 B. O. Meadows, barber; in busin«>ss two years. 
 
 Hiteman Supply Company. .1. I*. Karly, manager; in 
 business six years. 
 
 Sam White, blacksmith and wagon maker; in business 
 one and one-half years. 
 
 ^Vm. Kennedy, livery; in business tW(» ami one half 
 years. 
 
318 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Wapello Coal Company; in business six years. 
 
 J. W. Loach, restaurant and bakery; in business two 
 yefirs. 
 
 Drs. Avery and Palmquest, physicians; Dr. Avery has 
 been located three years, and Dr. Palmquest three months. 
 
 Mrs. Olive James, millinery and dressmaking; in busi- 
 ness four years. 
 
 Dr. W. O. McFall, physician; in business three years. 
 
 Dr. Fred A. Poligue, physician; in business one year. 
 
 The fraternal institutions are also well represented. 
 
 WAPELLO COAL COMPANY'S WORKS, ALBIA, IOWA. 
 
 In ISJ).'*) the Freemasons established a lodge, known as 
 Perfect S(]uare Lodge, No. .52(1. Thos. liridges is at present 
 worshi})ful master; Sam'l Chase, senior warden; Owen 
 Re<-se, junioi- warden; J. W. Lewis, treasurer; W. F. Narber, 
 s(M-i-(4ai'v; J. J. Davis, senior deacon; David Jeffreys, junior 
 deacon; W. IT. Thomas, senior steward; Alf. Neighbors, 
 junior steward; W. L. Morgan, tyler. The order has no 
 building, but has a lease on tlie T. O. O. F. Hall. 
 
 The Knights of Pythias brought their organization from 
 Kirksville, Iowa, and have been firmly established in Hite- 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 310 
 
 iiijin ever since. Their ()i-<;;i!ii/.;ili()ii isslvled Kielil;in<l Lodj^e, 
 Xi). 1")!. Tliev have lOS meinhers. 
 
 The()<l«l FeHows <)i-j;aiii/.e(l in 1S!)4. They have 7I> mein- 
 hers. and their lod^c is known as the Iliteinan Lod^n-, NO ~AS. 
 Tlu' present otTicers are: .J. U. Nelson, X. (I.; Ed. (A Moses, 
 vice-jiiand; J. II. Mr-Aiiley, recording secret.ary; I'eter N. 
 Swanson, permanent secretary; and Wm. Wild, treiisnrcM*. 
 The t)dd Fellows have a. large two-story frame bnilding 
 nearly completed. The lower Hoor will const it nte an opera 
 hall, and the npper one will be titled np for a lodge room. 
 The hall is S()X."{(! feet in dimensions. 
 
 The liiteman Sn[»ply Company is by far the most ex- 
 tensive mercantile lirm in Monroe County. The concern 
 was incoriK)rated in 1800, and is in reality an auxiliary of 
 the Wapello Coal Company. It is a corporate concern, with 
 an authorized ca]»ital stock of |5().()(!0, and has issued stock 
 to tile amount of .•?:U),0()0. J. C. I'easley, president of the 
 Wapell ) Coal Company, is i)resident of the liiteman Supply 
 Company, H. L. Waterman is vice-president, S. A. Corey 
 secretary and treasurer, J. 1*. Early manager, and O. L. Can- 
 ning cashier. The following jK'rsons assist as salesmen: 
 Chiis. Peterson, John Spar, Miss Henrietta Dinsmore, John 
 Morgan. Thos. Uarker, Ed. Early. AV. S. Scott, and I. T. Wil 
 Hams. The store building is 4Sx!M) feet in dimensions, and 
 the firm handles every line of goods fiom lumber to nutmegs. 
 
 The Wapello Coal Company was incoii»oiate(l in ISSO. 
 with an authorized cai)ital stock of ^!MM),0()0, but only 
 ^T.'{(),00() has been issued. J. C. Peasly, of Chicago, is presi 
 dent, H. L. Waterman vice-i)resident. and II. E. Jarvis, of 
 r.urlington, secretary. The company owns about Ti. .")()() 
 arres of coal land in the vicinity, which cost the company 
 about |!-4 ]»er acre on an aveiage. The workable coal aver- 
 ages.") feet in thickness, and the c(nnpany has removed about 
 10 i>er cent of its coal. The C.. M. «S: Q. Il;iilway consiimes 
 the entire output of the |)lant. The comitany has [uiid to its 
 employees during the ju-esent year :$L*.~>0.000. and the average 
 net earnings of a miner is about !|r)00 |)er year. The shaft is 
 lOO feet in (h-pth. and there aie about 4.'tO men employed in 
 the mines. 
 
 Only one vein of c »al is worked al llilfmau. Tlie daily 
 tapacity of the jdant is 1.000 tons, and the <laily output aver- 
 ages about SOO t(Uis. The <(»mpany have a "tail rope" system 
 in the mines, and have two fans for ventilation purposes. 
 
320 HISTORY OF HON ROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 The fans send down about 90,000 cnbic feet of air per minute. 
 
 The following persons have charge of the mines: Phil 
 Waterman and his father, Sen. H. L. Waterman, civil en- 
 gineers; mechanical engineers, John Zentz and Thomas 
 McGuire; hoisting engineer, L. S. Cousins; pit-boss. W. B. 
 Powell; inside foremen, Wm. Barkwell and Owen Reese; 
 top-boss, ]\Iark Greeley; blacksmiths, R. D. Morgan and A. 
 L. Hirst. 
 
 The company contemplates sinking another shaft this 
 year, about a mile north of the present one, and similar to it 
 in extent and plan. 
 
 Wherever there is a mining camp there is a large Welsh 
 population. In a camp of say 1000 population there are 
 about a half-dozen different families by the name of Thomas; 
 then there are about an equal number of Jameses, Morgans, 
 Lewises, Williamses, Reeses, Hugheses, Llewellyns, and 
 Joneses; these are all names very common among the Welsh. 
 On account of so man^^ different families bearing the same 
 name, it is customary in Wales, in writing a person's name, 
 to affix to his name the first name of his father, and to that 
 of his father, the name of his father. For instance, in writing 
 John Morgan's name the Welsh word "ap" follows it, "ap" 
 meaning ''son of" — thus, John Morgan ap Gomer ap Owen; 
 Gomer and Owen being the father and grandfather, respect- 
 ively, of John Morgan, 
 
 Wherever these Welsh names are found in a community 
 you may expect a musical neighborhood. The towns of 
 Hiteman and Foster contain a large number of very fine 
 singers, some of whom have been educated in some of the 
 best musical schools in Europe. For several years the Hite- 
 man Glee Club has maintained the reputation of being one 
 of the best glee clubs in the State. 
 
 The town supports a very fine cornet band. Following 
 is a list of the nlembers: Jas. Amsbury, leader; Wm. Phil- 
 lips, cornet; P. C. Williams, clarionet; Hugh Williams, 
 alto; Geo. Darby, alto; Henry Longacre, trombone; John 
 Neighbor, trombone; Frank Laundeen, 2d cornet; Jack 
 Cooper, tuba; Jack O'Holland, bass drum; Lincoln Hirst, 
 2d cornet; Thos. Williams, snare drum; Andrew Johnson, 
 tuba; Jas. Wild, baritone; Wm. Morrissey, B bass. 
 
 In 1892 the School Board of Hiteman built a nice frame 
 school-house. The main building is 30x60 feet, with a wing 
 2Cx3G feet. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 321 
 
 Hitcnian contains six rliiirch orj^Mnizalions — viz., tho 
 Baptist, (^)nj;i-('«;ati()nal, Swedish Kutlicran, Swcdisli Mctli- 
 odist, Wi'lsh llaptist, and CoIoiimI I'.aptisl. 
 
 The Baptists orjiani/iMl and huilt a clmrcli stiiiclurc in 
 ]804. Tlu'bnildin-: isL'Sx(;o feet. Krv. .MclJowdl or-ranizcd 
 tlie congregation. 
 
 The ('on<;re}4alit)nal Chni'ch was orj^ani/.ed by Kev. NVni. 
 Thomas, and a dmich editice erected in ISOU. The chnrch is 
 made np larjiely of Welsh, and the i>i-esent membership is 
 abont forty. Kev. Owen Thomas, the present pastor, has 
 been i>reachin<.;- for tlu' class foi- two yeai's. 
 
 The Swedish Lutheran Church was orjiani/,ed in 1S03. 
 They have a small church editice. Rev. ]>. M. (Ilyn is the 
 present pastor. He also conducts a day school, teaching the 
 Swedish lanj;:uaire. 
 
 The Swedish ^Methodists were or<;anized by Rev. Erics- 
 son in 1S02. He has charjje of the conj^refjation at present. 
 This orjianization has al)out oO members. ThoA' own a 
 chnrch bnildinji. lSx2S feet. 
 
 The Welsh Baptists built a chnrch in 1S02. 10x20 feet 
 in dimensions. Their orjxanization contains twenty-five 
 members. Rev, D. R. Morjjan is their pastor. 
 
 The Colored Baptists orjjanized in ISOO. They consist 
 of about in members. 
 
 But the one institution of the t()\vn whicli inspires the 
 citizens of Hiteman with intense pride is the lliteman Base- 
 ball Nine. B swathes the town in a tlood of u;lorv, and the 
 fii-st thinj; the citizen s]»eaks about, in welcoming a visitor to 
 the place, is the immortal nine. He will tell yon that the 
 club have lost but two jjames in two years. The roster of 
 this };lorions band is as follows: Dr. ^IcFall. manajrer; 
 Wm. Everett, cai»tain; Wes Blad},^ett, i»itcher; Henry Dins- 
 more, ri<;ht tield: -las. L. Baxtei-, centei' field; Edmund 
 Thomas, left field: Roe Tuiience. tirst base: \V\u. Tiley, 
 secoiul base; and Wm. Stephenson, third base. 
 
322 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 CHAPTER XVIIl. 
 
 Some Battles with the "■Hairy Nation^ 
 
 The next dearest thing to the heart of the citizen of 
 the "Hairy Nation," after a drink of whisky at Harrow's, 
 was a free-for-all fight. Every man of them was a warrior. 
 They did not fight so much through provocation or on 
 account of any desire to avenge any imagined grievance, but 
 they fought merely for recreation. They loved it. It was 
 a race peculiarity. 
 
 They did not all inhabit the eastern portion of the 
 county, for there were a few in the northern part. The 
 Goodwins and Gladsons lived in Bluff Creek Township, 
 but they were not loyal to the Mantua crowd. They did 
 not belong to the "Nation." 
 
 At that time. Soap Creek had not yet come to the front 
 as a fighting nation. The Kinser clan, however, were "good 
 men," and whenever they felt inclined to take a little recre- 
 ation, they came to Albia to fight with the Gladson-Goodwin 
 crowd against the Tyrrell-Judson gang. They were allies 
 of the Goodwin gang. 
 
 In 1851 Geo. Cramer was clerking for A. C. Wilson. 
 The North and South met and united their forces against 
 the "Hairy Nation." When the braves began to assemble, 
 Geo. Cramer instinctively barricaded the store door, by 
 running a heavy bar across the entrance. At length an 
 assailing party came round to the store, found it locked, 
 and then they tried to break in the door. In vain they threw 
 their weighty bodies against it to break it in. Old Billy 
 Kinser, father of W. D. Kinser, of Moravia, was among those 
 inside the store, and probably induced Cramer to open the 
 door to hasten on the "festivities." At any rate, young 
 Cramer, who was about 18 years of age, raised the portcullis, 
 and the besieging party rushed in. There was a barrel of 
 ax-handles in the room, and each party seized one. The 
 crowd was fighting mainly among themselves, probably just 
 to keep in good fighting trim whenever the Northern band 
 put in an appearance. Bill Kinser got an ax-handle, and 
 used it in a free-and-easy manner among the crowd, knocking 
 one of the Judsons flat on the floor. Cramer mounted the 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 323 
 
 counter with an ax-handle, and whcucvt'r a member of the 
 crowd of combatants circh'd within rt'ach i)i' his ax-handh', 
 the handle came down wilhout stint on the hirsntc cranium 
 of the Mantuan. 
 
 In 1858 Geo. Cramer was (U'puty sherilV of Monro*- 
 County. Some of the Judsons had been "pulled" for getting 
 too hilarious at Harrow's saloon. Henry Judson, when 
 arrested, gave bond for his appearance in justice's court, 
 but, on the day set for the trial, neglected to appear. 
 Cramer went down to the "Nation" to arrest him. When 
 he brought his prisoner through Cuba, a crowd of the 
 '*Hairy Nation" arose and rescued their fellow-chieftain 
 from the officer. Captain Saunders happened to be at Cuba 
 that day, and with his assistance Cramer rearrested his 
 man, and while he held the crowd at bay with a brace of 
 pistols, Saunders loaded the prisoner into the buggy and 
 away they drove towards Albia, followed by a cavalcade 
 of the mob, shouting and tiring their pistols at evn'j jump 
 of their nags. The pursuers and pursued kept up a running 
 fire until they reached Albia. While the piisoner was 
 being conducted towards the office of Wm. Davis, the justice 
 of the peace, an attempt was again made to rescue him. 
 
 There were the Tyrrells and Judsons and other braves 
 of the "Nation'' among the attacking party, and ^lart 
 Giltner, George Knight, Oliver Garrott, William Boals, 
 Tom Tucker, and others among the crowd of "minute men." 
 George Knight used a pitchfork, Geo. Cramer his fists and 
 a revolver. Captain Saunders his fists. Tom Tucker an ax- 
 handle, and others used clubs. One of the Judsons ripped 
 open Wm. Boals' shirt-collar with a big knife, and while 
 Tom Tucker was shoving Laurel Tyrrell into the jail door, 
 the latter kicked backward, striking Tom on the chin and 
 knocking out two of his teeth. Milt Smith hit one of the 
 Tyrrells on the head with a brickbat, and the crowd thought 
 the man was killed. 
 
 The "Hairy Natiim" was finally whi|tped in the fight, 
 and the prisoner was gotten to the justice's office, and prob- 
 ably re-fined, and others of the party were lodged in jail. 
 
 At another time he was want*"*! for some slight offense. 
 George Cramer went to bring him in. He located him in 
 the woods, chopping away at a big tree. When the tree 
 was about ready to fall, Cramer appioached him fr<^m the 
 rear. He did not see the officer until he was within a few 
 
324 HISTORY OF 3WNR0E COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 feet from him. Judsoii then, on discovering him, made a 
 jump for his rifle, which leaned against a neighboring tree; 
 but before he could cock it, Cramer had him covered with 
 a revolver. Captain Saunders was also with Cramer, and 
 the three started for Albia, going through a field, Judson 
 w\anted to go by way of Cuba, but was told that his captors 
 had had a little experience with him not long before, and 
 that they thought it best to leave the village on their 
 route. 
 
 While going through the field, Judson inquired what 
 they would do if he concluded to not go any further. ' Cramer 
 told him they would simply make him go. Then he laid 
 down, and would not move. Cramer had a rope on his 
 horse; with this he tied Judson, and, attaching one end to 
 the horn of the saddle, the procession proceeded a short 
 distance, when the prisoner concluded to go along volun- 
 tarily. 
 
 Old man Strickland was also a ''good man." He lived 
 a few miles north of Albia, and whenever he felt an inclina- 
 tion to "clean out the town," his first warlike preparation 
 was to pull off his shirt. One day he was out in the streets 
 of Albia, preparing to engage the crowd in battle, but in 
 removing his shirt he neglected to unbutton the wristbands. 
 He got the garment over his head, but his hands would not 
 come through the sleeves at the wristbands. His antagonist, 
 seeing the advantage, opened the attack, Strickland, 
 appreciating the necessity for prompt action, stooped and, 
 placing one foot on each sleeve, pulled, like one skinning 
 a squirrel, until the sleeves gave way and freed his 
 hands. He then sailed into his foe, but was arrested and 
 lodged in the old jail. At this period the old jail leaned 
 considerably to one side, and when a guard was placed 
 over him, he objected; he thought it was unnecessary 
 to guard the side of the jail which leaned, as "any man 
 would be a d — d fool to venture to escape from the side 
 which leaned." 
 
 How a ^ixth Iowa Cavalry Boy (Jot His Whisky. 
 
 Thomas Boyle, of Foster, who was a member of the 
 Third Towa Light Ai-lillei'v. relates an anecdote on his friend 
 John Celson, an Irishman, who belonged to Company B. 
 Sixth Iowa Cavalry. In ISG.*? and lSfi4 this regiment was in 
 Sully's command, stationed in the Cheyenne country, near 
 Ft. i»ierre. 
 
HISTORY OF l/O.VA'O/'; COUNTY, IOWA. 325 
 
 It \v;is 1)11 Cliristiiijis. iiiid llic boys wanlcd a lilfl** 
 wliislc.v, bill (lid iiol liavc llic inonc.v lo hny il, mikI the suder 
 would not be "stood i»IT" for the pay. (J<*lson j;ol two jnj,'s, 
 fillod one with water and the other was ('nii>ty. A]>p(arin^ 
 before tlio suth^r. lie ordered the eiu]»ty jiifj; tilled with 
 whisky. The sutler tilled it. Gelson, on rooeivinj; it, in- 
 «|uire<l how niuch it was worth. The sutler informed him 
 that it would cost five <lollars. (Jelson a]»i»eared disa|>- 
 jiointed, and objected to ]>ayin^ so much. The sutler was a 
 lieart less f»'llnw, and toldtJelson that if he thought it was loo 
 much, to hand the jug back. Gelson did so, but handed the 
 juo- that contained the water instead of the whisky. The sut- 
 ler was none the wiser, and the boys celebrated Christmas 
 (HI whisky that did not cost a cent. 
 
 The Oldest Citizen Born on Iowa Soil. 
 
 .l(>hn Adams, of Mantua Township, claims to be the first 
 vVhite male person born on loAva soil. He is 70 years of age, 
 and was born in 1820 at a trading post on the Missouri River, 
 where the city of Council TUutls now stands. The city had 
 not been jtlatted at that time,, nor in 1S24, when a Fi-ench 
 trader named tfart built a cabin on the blutl's near the large 
 spring known as "Myner's Spring." The eni])loyees. of 
 the American Fur Companv called the localitv *'La Cote de 
 Hart," or "Hart's Blnlf." 
 
 It may be necessary, however, for ^Ir. Adams to defend 
 his claims to the honor of being th<' first white child born 
 within the State, against those of .lulieii Dubuque's band 
 of miners who settled along the ^lississippi Kiver in 1788. 
 -Mthougli Mr. Adams may have Ix'en the first white American 
 boin in Iowa, it is iiuite certain that there were white chil- 
 dren boin in Iowa among the French traders prior to 1820. 
 
 Dr. Muir settled in Lee County in 1820. He was a sur- 
 geon in the T'liited Stat<'s army, an<l some y«'ars later located 
 in Galena, 111., and practiced law, and then returned to 
 Keokuk. He had an Indian wife when he located in Lee 
 County, and was the fatliei- of four rjiildifu. some of whom 
 were born in Iowa, as early, at least, as 1S2(». 
 
 Mr. Adams c^ime to Monroe ( Nmnty in the 'HOs. Then he 
 located in Wapello County, and then returned to Monroe 
 County in 187.'?. Fr(mi Council I'.lulVs he emigrated to 
 Ohio, and from thence to P.lack Hawk <'ountv, in 1850. 
 
326 HISTORY OP MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Yankee Pumpkins as Parlor Sets. 
 
 In early times chairs were a luxury which every pioneer 
 family, however well regulated, could not always afford. 
 
 Nail-kegs, too, were scarce, but the settlers soon began to 
 use a chair not made with hands. It was the big Yankee 
 pumpkin. 
 
 In the early '50s Nat Williamson went "sparking" over 
 the line in Wapello County. In those days it was customary 
 for the young men to court their girls in droves. William- 
 son, Tom Commons, and Joe Carwell went over in a gang to 
 "set" Salina McFarland, Miss Way, and Miss Sutton. They 
 did not have chairs, but the lovers sat on pumpkins. They 
 were never popular with lovers, however, as a pumpkin 
 would not support two without wabbling. 
 
 Old Documents. 
 "Territory of Iowa 
 Kiskekosh County 
 
 "to eny Cunstabal in said county greeting in the name 
 of the united states of america you are hereby commanded to 
 atach so much of the goods and chatchels money receipts of 
 Simon Cochron except such as the law exempts as shall be 
 suflScient to satisfy the claim of sixteen dollars and seven 
 cents and cost of suite in hoosoever possession the same may 
 be found in your county and presincte that the goods and 
 chatchels so attached may be subject to ferthar Prosedings 
 thare on as the law requires and also to summon the said 
 Simon Cochron if to be found to apere before mee a Justice 
 of the peace of the Mcintire precinct in said county at my 
 office tharein on the 19 day of July 1845 at 12 oclock of said 
 day to anser into H. M, Smith plantif and also that you 
 summon all such pursens as garnisheez as may be derected 
 by the said plaintif to apere before me at the time and 
 place aforesed to anser such intirguations as may be pro- 
 ponded to them and of this rit make legal servis and due 
 returns given under my hand this 9 day of July A. D. 1845. 
 
 "Archibald Dorothy 
 "Justice of the peace" 
 On the back of this "rit " is found the following: 
 "This rit came to hand July 9 at P. M. 9 oclock." 
 "leved this 10 day of July, one thousand seven hundred 
 and twenty rales bilt in fense tin achres braking two log 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 327 
 
 cabens throo acliies and a half of Ituekwhoal wliilli all and 
 siiip;ular(* hcloiiuinj;" lo Ihc willi in cowlioin all IIk- Imiv 
 nanit'd projiorly layinji, in lr>wnslii|i scvcniy (nic" 
 
 "j!;ainesli('<l .Mr. Scot and A Trnssle lev('<l on by Fieni- 
 niin<;Ti('e,lnly 10 1845" 
 
 "(ho demand |l(l.7 cents a( the request and resque of 
 the plaintif 1 iniponr Fleniniing Tice to execute this rit 
 
 '^4 rchibdld Dorothy 
 "Justice of the peace" 
 
 Here is another order for the delivery of certain "goods 
 and chattels": 
 
 "Territory of Iowa I To any constable 
 
 Kishkekosh County | in said County 
 
 Troy Township. | greeting: 
 
 "In the name of the united states of America you are 
 hereby commanded to cause to be delivered without delay 
 to Henry B. l^ones herein (if he gives the security required 
 bj' law) the following goods and chatties to wit: ten hogs, 
 one sow of a dirty white couler and her ear marks destroyed 
 by dogs, three barrows marked with a crop off the left ear 
 and an underbit in the right and a slit in the same; tuid five 
 l)igs coulered black and white and no ear marks, and sum- 
 mon Andrew Galaspy defendant, to be and appear before 
 me, a justice of the Peace in the above named county, at 
 my office thxirein, on the 15 day of January 184(5, at 1) oclock 
 A.M. of said day, to answer unto the said plaintilt", in a 
 plea of replevin, and of this writ, make due service and 
 return, given under my hand this 8th day of January, 184G. 
 
 "Oco. Dtay, 
 "Justice of the Peace." 
 
 fiome Early Milling Kxploitn. 
 
 Tn 1848 Newt Vancleve went to IJonaparte with a grist 
 of milling. When he got down as far as Big Soap Creek, 
 he f(Mind the stream out of ils banks, caused by a recent 
 heavy i-ain. There were no bridges; and as (he family had 
 scrajied the bottom of (he meal barrel, (here was no aKer- 
 nadve but to get (o mill in some way. He foun<l a big 
 Cottonwood log lying acioss (he s(reani above (lu' current. 
 Over (his he carried each sack of corn to the opposKe bank; 
 then he took the wagon apart and carried it across, piece- 
 meal. The wagon bed he (loated across by attaching a rope 
 to it. He then swam (he (earn across, and (hen wen( on 
 
328 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 his way. It took him nine days to make the trip; on return- 
 ing, he found the creelc still out of its banks. He left the 
 wagon and milling at Madison Mclntyre's, and swam the 
 team across the stream and got home. He and his father 
 returned a week later for the wagon and grist. 
 
 Mr. Vancleve is still living in Urbana Township, and 
 relates another incident. In 1850 Hamaker's mill was 
 established on Cedar Creek, and here the settlers took their 
 "grinding." One day, while en route to mill, he overtook 
 Hon. Josiah T. Young with an ox-team, also on his way to 
 mill. Mr, Young was in his bare feet and was reading a 
 volume of Gibbon's "Rome'' while en route. 
 
 Mr. Vancleve passed him, got his grist ground, and 
 both started on their return home. Mr. Young stopped at 
 Strickland's, a few miles north of Albia, to water his oxen. 
 Old man Strickland was drunk, and got after Mr. Young's 
 bare feet with a switch, making him hop around over the 
 premises quite briskly. 
 
 In 18G7 John Edwards made a proposition to the people 
 of Monroe County to build a mill in Albia if the people 
 would subscribe |G00 towards the enterprise. The mill was 
 erected, but the amount of bonus was never made up. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 329 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 Educational. 
 
 Monroe County offers as good cducationiil advantages 
 as any county in the State. 
 
 The course of study puisued in (lie Albiii ni«;h Sdiool 
 is just as thorougli as that tauj^ht in the colleges, and it 
 reijuires twelve years to complete the course, Latin, how- 
 ever, is the only foreign langliage taught. Prof. H. C. 
 Hollingsworth is the present principal. lie receives an 
 annual salary of |1300. 
 
 There are six graded schools in Monroe County — viz., 
 Albia, Avery, Foster, Hitenian, Lovilia, and Melrose. In 
 181)5 there were enrolled in the schools: Albia, 7U1 pupils; 
 Avery, 110; Foster, i:V,); Hiteman, 305; Lovilia, Ji7; and 
 Melrose, 126. 
 
 In 1890 there were 102 school-houses in the county, and 
 in 1890 there were 161 teachers enrolled in the ofltice of the 
 County Suj>erintendent. Following is tlie list as taken 
 from the County Superintendent's books: 
 
 Mrs. Delia Angel, G. M. Abegglen, Mary Abegglen, 
 Chas. Abegglen, W. T. Bussear, Mamie Bucher, Emmett 
 Bay, A. H. Bain, W. H. Bates, D. W. Bates, Sadie Baldwin, 
 Laura Burgason, Bessie Bradley, Alice Burgason, Ada 
 Burgason, Amanda Burgason, Clara Barber, Mollie Barber, 
 Fred Bowen, Mrs. Mary Baker, Clara Chisholm, Myrta Cox, 
 J. J. Carr, 011a Cobb, Anna Castle, Alice Cromwell, Mrs. 
 L. B. Carlisle, Stella Cobb, ^faggie Canning, Mary Carmody, 
 Ella Cady, Rose Clark, Cassie (jraig, .Tosie Craig. I'.crt Court- 
 ney, Mary Cumraings, Fannie Dunh-avy, Mary Druiy, Libbie 
 Davis. Nellie Delana, Laura Dashicll, A. E. Elder, Jennie 
 Ewers, Albert Ewers, Mattie Emanuel, Clara Forest, M. C. 
 Falvey, Mary Fuller, ]\Iamie Follis. Ada Foster, Anna 
 Fall, (!has. E. Fulton, Mattie Ferguson, Florence Ferguson, 
 Wm. Fallon, Emma I"'uiik. Slclhi FuKon, Oia Fisher. .\nna 
 Fulton. Lillic (lillaspic. Ida (lillaspic. .Icssic <irav, .l»»hn O. 
 Hawk, Eva Harris, Alice Ilowk. Margaret Hawk. ".Mrs. IL O. 
 Ilickenloopi'r, Kulh IliggeniK>tham, Sol. Hickman, -Fohn 
 Hickman, Cyrus Hickenlooper, .Maggie Harlow, Myrta Hai*- 
 low, Dora Haugh, Zulah Holtzclaugh, ^^aude Ireland. lithe 
 
330 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, TOWA. 
 
 Junkius, Nettie Junkins, Estella Johnson, L. E. Johnson,. 
 Lila Judson, Albert Johnson, Joseph Kelleher, Ella Kirby, 
 E. G. Kussart, Rosa Leech, Lucy Lemaster, Ella McDonald, 
 Maude Mullen, Ethel Mullen, Mary Miller, Allie Murray, 
 Frankie McKissick, Rhoda McGilvery, Nettie McCoy, Anna 
 Morrissey, Clara Noland, D. W. Nevins, Mary Neil, Lizzie 
 O'Brien, Mrs. Mary O'Bryan, E. B, Piper, Mattie D. Peter 
 sen, J. W. Payne, Alice Quillan, Mary Quinn, Mrs. Hattie 
 Robinson, May Rigdon, Maggie Ryan, Mary R} an, Effie Robi- 
 son, V. L. Ray, Pearl Riggs, Otto Runyan,. Julia Riordan, 
 D. H. Rouse, Chas. Richey, Orpha Rigdon, J. W. Robison, 
 Addie Rogers, A. W. Richardson, Josie Sexton, Delia Sinnott, 
 J. M, Sterrett, Mary Shearer, Bid Sullivan, vStella Scott, Jen- 
 nie Sinclair, Arthur Spencer, Daisy C. Sayles, Alice Stone, 
 G. W. Stocker, G. Z. Stocker, Katie Sexton, Mary Simons, 
 H. A. Stites, Minnie Sullivan, Thomas Stewart, Maggie Sin- 
 nott, Ollie V. Smith, Geo. H. Shahan, Lottie Totman. Edith 
 Tibbals, Ella Tubaugh, W. H. Tedrow, Hattie Thompson, 
 Etta Thompson, Mabel Ury, Katie Whalen, Osie West, Katie 
 Winslow, John Wycoff, Emma Way, Merlin Wilkin, Nora 
 Wilkin, Alice White, Ruth Wirt, Mary Wiedman, Charles 
 Young, Mrs. Jennie Thayer, Mrs. Jennie Warner. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 831 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 
 The Mining Imlustrtj. 
 
 At the present time Monroe County ranks third in the 
 list of coal-])ro(lucin<2: counties in tlie State; but it is safe t(t 
 venture the i)re(li(lion lliat within tlie next five years she 
 will occupy a place at the head of the list. 
 
 .Mahaska County is at present the largest coal-producinj; 
 county in the State, ]Hoducing, in 1895, 902,430 tons of coal, 
 valued at the mines at |1 ,209,256. 
 
 Appanoose Countv came next, with her 350,000 tons, 
 valued at the mines at |420,000. 
 
 Monroe County followed, with 313,354 tons, valued at 
 tin mines at .1l;301,(;i)2. 
 
 It should be here stated that the foregoing figures repre- 
 sent the condition of the coal industry at the period of the 
 great financial panic of 1894 and 1895, when all industries, 
 and notably that of mining, were comi)letely paralyzed. 
 During this memoiabh^ ixuiod of depression the coal industry 
 sutfered most of all. The railroads, having little or notliing 
 to haul, did not need coal for steam purposes. The factories 
 throughout the country ran on half or (piarter time, and 
 many completely shut their shops. From this source another 
 portion of the coal demand was cut otf. The winter was 
 mild and not much coal was required as fuel. Then the coal- 
 miners' strike added to. the depression and cui-tailed in a 
 large measure the output in 1895. Hence it is that the 
 figures given do not express the normal condition of the 
 mining industry in Monroe County. 
 
 In 189.'{, just on the eve of the financial crisis, Monroe 
 County produced 041,805 tons of coal. 
 
 In 1895 Mahaska County had 28 mines in operation, Appa- 
 noose had 72, while Monroe (.'ounty had but 18, and (5 of this 
 number are but "slopes," or count ly banks, scmie employing 
 but one or two men during the winter months. 
 
 The State Mine lns|)ect(»r divi<les Iowa into three mining 
 districts, and the First District comprises the counties of 
 Adams, Appanoose, Davis, Lucas, IVIonroe, Page, Taylor, 
 Wapello, Warren, and Wayne. Of these, Monroe, Lucas, 
 Wapello, and a part t>f Davis are the only counties within 
 
;^32 BISTORT OF MOi^RUE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 the First District wliich yield any coal from the lower coal 
 seam. The others named work a 3-foot vein, with an inter- 
 val of about 8 inches of fire-clay in the middle of the seam. 
 This 8-foot vein also occurs in Monroe County, but the coal 
 at present is not mined for shipping purposes, and is worked 
 only in country banks, for local consumption as fuel. 
 
 In no locality in the mining districts of Iowa is the prod- 
 uct of this thin coal vein very suitable for steam purposes. 
 It is lighter, and while it is superior for fuel purposes to 
 that of the lower coal lying at a greater depth, it does not 
 find a market as steam-producing coal. Its quality in Mon- 
 roe County is not quite so good as in Appanoose County, yet 
 this, however, may be due to the fact that up to the present 
 no tests of its quality have been very extensively made in 
 Monroe County, in regions overlaid by a thick rock loof. 
 Where entries have been driven to any considerable dis- 
 tance from surface exposure and beneath thick superin- 
 cumbent strata of rock or slate, the quality of the coal is 
 perceptibly improved. This coal seam is unvarying in thick- 
 ness throughout the county, and crops out along all the prin- 
 cipal streams. It is preferred for fuel purposes to the lower 
 coal, even in Monroe County, and no doubt it will command 
 a good commercial value in the future, when there is a greater 
 demand for it than now. 
 
 About 50 feet below this seam there is another one, about 
 K; inches in thickness, which is usually from 100 to 150 feet 
 above the lower coal seam. Another seam of about the same 
 thickness occurs above the 3-foot vein in localities within the 
 county. 
 
 Monroe County, like Mahaska, occupies the center of the 
 great coal-bearing district of Iowa, which, beginning at 
 Webster County, parallels the Des Moines River on either 
 side, as far down as Van Buren County. This area is classed 
 by geologists as the "lower coal measures." The thickness 
 of these coal measures in Monroe County is variously esti- 
 mated at from 200 to 400 feet, and contains, as already stated, 
 sev<eral seams of coal of varying thickness, from 8 feet down 
 to as many inches. 
 
 The lowest stratum of coal is by far the most important 
 commercially, as the vein is of the greatest thickness, and 
 also superior in quality for steam purposes. It does not lie 
 in a continuous or persistent stratum extending over any 
 considerable areas, but occurs in lenticular basins or pockets. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 333 
 
 some of which are of large extent. These puckets doubtless 
 represent the inequalities of surface of tlu' earth, duriuf; the 
 ^laeial period, when tlie mass of ve«ietal>le nia((er dril'tcd in 
 and foiined beds of eoal. 
 
 When it is remembered that tlie coal liehls ul' Moiumm' 
 Countv are practically in an undeveloped state at the pres- 
 ent tinu', it is rt'as(unible tu conclude that she will soon ovei*- 
 take and outrank JNlahaska. County as the banner coal county 
 (d" the State. Much of the avaihible coal supply in Alahaska 
 < 'ounty has already been mined, and with t he present nuuiln r 
 of mines and the amount of capital and enterprise expended 
 in mininu; o])erations in the county, her output is destined 
 soon to diminish with the exhaustion of her present already 
 thoroughly worked mining camps. A large amount of Mon- 
 roe County coal lands are held in reserve in anticipaticiu of 
 an early advance in prices incident on the diminution of the 
 coal snpjtly in neighboring localities. 
 
 The distribution of coal in Appanoose County is diuibt- 
 less conlined to a less area than that of Monro<' County, and 
 the lower vein is not present at all in any lixality within the 
 county. A o-foot vein is the only one worked in the county, 
 and it is near the surface and is easily accessible by nieans 
 of drifting into the earth. This does not re(piire an ex- 
 pensive e(pii])ment, and with the rapidly increasing nuiuber 
 of mines which take the place of those worked out, the out- 
 put will soon begin to <liminish. ^loreover, the (piality of 
 the coal, while superior for domestic jmrposes, cannot be 
 placed on the market as steam coal, anil in the summer sea- 
 son the industry is usually jtartially suspended, and often 
 altogether so, on account of tinding a light market for 
 the coal. 
 
 For purposes of State inspection, the c(»al-producing 
 area of Towa is divided into tliree mine ins|ierlion <lisliicts. 
 Each of these is un<ler the sujiervision of a Mine Inspector 
 appointed by the Ciovernoi-. Tlie First District comprises the 
 counties of Adams, Appanoose, Davis, Lucas, Mouroe, Tay 
 lor, Wapello, Warren, and Wayne. 
 
 Tlie counties of Aj>panoose„ MiMiroc. and W'apeHo aie 
 the only three c(Minties cd" thi' distiid whirii are of any im 
 portance as coal pi'oducing counties. 
 
 The three named, together \\\\\\ Mahaska Count \. of 
 the Second District, are the mining cenleis of tlie Slate. 
 
 The Second Inspection District of Iowa conipiises the 
 
334 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 counties of Jasper, Jefiferson, Keokuk, Mahaska, Scott, and 
 Van Buren, and the Third is made up of the counties of 
 Adair, Boone, Dallas, Greene, Guthrie, Marion, Polk, Story, 
 and Webster. 
 
 For organization and vai'ious other purposes, the mining 
 districts of Iowa, irrespective of the mine-inspection dis- 
 trict division, are divided into the Northern, Des Moines, 
 Central, and Southern districts. Some of these districts 
 are known as "low coal" districts, the term "low coal," in 
 mining parlance, meaning coal occurring in shallow seams — 
 the 3-foot vein, for instance, of Appanoose, of the Southern 
 District, or of Boone and Webster of the Northern District, 
 
 This "low coal" is distinguished as "mining coal," or 
 coal to mine which the miner has to use his shovel and pick 
 alone. He merely digs the fire-clay from the seam, and 
 wedges or pries the coal out, without resorting to "shooting" 
 or blasting. This coal readily separates from the shale or 
 slate roof, and as it rests on a bed of fire-clay, it freely 
 separates from the latter. In order, however, to mine such 
 coal, the miner has to remove a portion of the upper or 
 lower, or sometimes both upper and lower, adjacent strata, 
 in order to get sufficient height in his room for operating 
 purposes and for the passage of mules drawing the cars. 
 Owing to this extra amount of labor which the miner has 
 to perform, he receives a higher price per ton for the amount 
 of coal mined than if the coal was "higher." 
 
 The price per ton for coal mined is fixed by common 
 agreement between operators and miners throughout the 
 coal-mining districts of the United States. This schedule 
 of prices for Iowa was fixed in 1893; and since then oc- 
 casional violations of that basis led to one of the most 
 extensive strikes or suspensions of labor in the mines that 
 the mining industry in the West has ever experienced. The 
 history of that strike may not be fairly well understood by 
 those not immediately interested, as the causes that led 
 to it were not altogether local in character. 
 
 During the eight-hour strike movement of 1890, when 
 most of the various organized labor organizations through- 
 out the United States struck for eight hours of labor instead 
 of ten hours, the United Mine-Workers of America were 
 drawn into the strike movement. The miners did not 
 demand of the operators ten hours' pay for eight hours' 
 work, since the miner is paid by the ton for his labor; but 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 335 
 
 the theory was, that by reducing the number (►f Imiiips for 
 each day's hibor inoi-c men eonhl bi' jMovidcd wiili woiU in 
 <2^eltin<; out a reciuired amount of coal. 
 
 In (du'dience to an order from Ww nalional orj^anizalion, 
 the Monroe ('ounty miners strucic; they lield out for several 
 weeks, but at some of the mines their demands were not 
 acceded to by the operators, and the strike was aban<h>n<'d. 
 The movement was not well generaled, and, one after an 
 other, the camps resumed work without liaviuj; acliicved 
 any advantage. 
 
 At the termination of tliis strike, tlic Iowa miners with- 
 drew fr(Hn the national organization, owing to a lack of 
 support, and in 1SJ).'> a State (Ugani/.ation was perfected, 
 which took the name of The Iowa Miners' Association, with 
 its headquarters at Foster, Iowa. J. T. Olarkson was 
 cliosen president of the organization, and Ivichard Williams, 
 also of Foster, was secretary and tr(»asurer. 
 
 That year brouglit the foreiiinner of the great financial 
 distress of the country-. All departments of trade be- 
 came stagnated, the arteries of commerce became clogged, 
 and nione^- ceased to circulate freely-. Every kind of 
 business succumbed to the general distress. The farmer 
 could not get anything for his jii-oducts. Transportation 
 shrunk to a. minimum, and factories curtailed their output. 
 This, of course, affected the coal trade in a large «h'gree. 
 The operators of mines could not tiud a maiket for all their 
 output at former prices. They found that they could not 
 ]>ay ojxM-jiting expenses by paying the schcduk' rate [»cr ton 
 for mining the coal, and most of the operators began to cut 
 below the schedule rate, which had Ix'tMi fixed in 1893 and 
 wiiich is known as "the 180:i ]>asis." This rate was as 
 foll(>ws: FcM- mining coal in the Southci'n District, com 
 prising the counties of Ajqiantxtsc and Wayne, :$l.(l(l per ton ; 
 Central District. com|»rising Monroe, Maiion, Mahaska, 
 Keokuk, and Wapello connlies. 7.") cents per ton ; Des Moiiu'S 
 District, 11.00 per ton; Northern District. com|iiising IJoone 
 and Webstei- counties. |1.00 per ton. 
 
 At tlie time the general strike or "suspension" was 
 ordered in 1S04, by the National I'nited Mine W(M-kers of 
 America, the Iowa mineis weic not members of that oi-gani 
 zation,. and were leally not parties to the calling of the 
 strike at that time. The order was given 1o strike (tn the 
 21st of April, 1894, an<l after many urgent ajipeals from the 
 
336 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 national officials and from miners within the State, the 
 President of the Iowa Miners' Association issued a call for 
 a miners' convention to meet at Albia on May 3d, for the 
 purpose of considering the ajipeals from the national 
 organization, for cooperation. After hearing reports from 
 every mining camp within the State, it was found that 
 about two-thirds of the delegates were opposed to a strike 
 or to i>articipating in the ''national suspension," 
 
 A rejiort was submitted by each delegate, which 
 showed that a reduction had been made, of 20 cents per ton 
 on coal mined in the Southern District, where ''low coal" 
 is mined; 25 cents per ton reduction in the Des Moines 
 District, and 20 cents per ton in the Northern field. This 
 reduction affected about 65 per cent of the mines in the 
 State, not including What Cheer and other eastern mines. 
 Several of the Monroe County mines, however, did not 
 make any reduction, among which was the Deep Vein Coal 
 Company at Foster. Yet, notwithstanding, the strike went 
 into effect at that place, the same as if the company had 
 violated the 1893 compact. 
 
 In the convention, a motion to suspend work was voted 
 down by one majority. Tlie next day a motion w^as carried 
 to reconsider the vote, and, when acted on, it was carried by 
 a majority of eleven votes, that, in view of the reductions 
 made in the State, which were threatening to produce a uni- 
 form reduction of 20 cents per ton, over the State, by reason 
 of competition compelling the operators who had not so 
 reduced the price per ton for mining to meet the operators 
 in the market who had made the reduction, it was resolved 
 that the president issue a call for all miners in the State to 
 stop work; which was done, and the miners were idle until 
 June 11, 1894, when the following agreement was entered 
 into by the parties to the contract: 
 
 "Whereas, The miners of Iowa are to-day idle because 
 of their action in joining the movement known as the 
 'national suspension'; therefoi'e be it 
 
 "Resoh^ed, By the operators and miners of Iowa, in 
 joint convention assembled, at Oskaloosa, on this 9th day of 
 June, 1894, that the scale of wages for mining coal, and the 
 rules and regulations in force during 1893, be restored 
 (excepting so far as these may be modified by the acts of 
 the Twenty-fifth General Assembly of Iowa), and that the 
 same continue in effect until April 1, 1895. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 337 
 
 ''Resolved also. That wli(M<'as tlirrc lia\c hmi ii(» acts 
 of violence coiuinitttMl at any of llic iiiinrs Ihmt ifprcscnted, 
 it is agi'tHMl l>_v the opcralois licic ass('iiil»lr<l that llirrt^" 
 shall bo no (lis( riiiiinalion used aj;ains( Ihoir uini on a<T(Hin1 
 of tlio part takon in the suspension. 
 
 ''Kesohrd further, That it is tlio aim (tf the Iowa 
 operators to always deal fairly Avith their nion; they agree 
 that they will be jjlad to consider coniplaiuts at any time, 
 and that they stand ready at all times to proj>erly adjust 
 any wronjjs that may exist. 
 
 ''Resolred further. That the operators of Iowa whose{ 
 sijrnatures are hereto attached will recojjnize the wi-itten 
 request of any or all of their miners to pay over to any 
 committee or its treasurer any sum per ton due such men, 
 it being understood that said committee may disposi^* of 
 such sums of money as they deem expedient, and that the 
 operators have no interest in such sums after tlK*y have 
 been paid over as above. 
 
 "It is agreed by the representatives of the miners of the 
 State, who are duly authorized to act. that all minors in 
 the State shall return to work, commencing Wednesday, 
 June I'^th. at all mines willing to resume on the ab<)ve l)asis. 
 
 "In witness whereof we hereunto attach our respective 
 signatures." 
 
 To this were attached the fi>ll<»wing signatures: J. W. 
 Reynolds, President Executive Uoard; -I. T. (Markson, Secre- 
 tary; W. S. Scott. President l>is. i:J. V. M. W. of A.; Julius 
 Fraum. Secretary and Treasurer Dis. i:^ IT. :M. W. of A.: 
 Robt. Cunion. Foster; Jas. li. Williams. Wapclluka; Robt. 
 Downs, What Cheer; Elisha Holland. What CIumm-; Geo. 
 Richard, Colfax; W. F. Lewis, Wajudluka; Thos. n. Davis, 
 Des^Ioines; Robert Cowan. Angus; Wm. Mitchell. Flagler; 
 ^^'hit(^-breast Fuel C()mpany, by Paul Morton. President; 
 Oskaloosa Coal an<l Mining <N)mpany. by K. 11. (Jibbs, 
 President; What Clicci' ('<ial Company, by K. M. Trcsrott, 
 Superintench'ut ; Chicago Coal Coiii|iany. by 1). C. Dc Wolf. 
 President; Star Coal Company, by C. II. Kathburn. S«'cn'- 
 tary; Wajx^llo Co;iI Company, by II. L. Waterman, Vice- 
 President; Excelsior C(»al Comj^any. by (Jeo. Ramsey. Super- 
 intendent; P.lack Swan Coal Company, by Thos. IJeck; 
 Tlickory (^oal and Mining Comjiany. by J. FT. R^imsey. Super- 
 intend<'nt; Roone \'alley Coal and Railway Company, by 
 Hamilton Rrown; Lower Vein Coal and Railway Company, 
 
 22 
 
338 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 by Hamilton Brown; Boone Coal and Mining Company, by 
 Hamilton Brown; Tuka Coal Company, by H. Booth, Presi- 
 dent; Oak Hill Coal Company, by S. R. Rawlings; Columbian 
 Coal Company, by W. A. Uurfee, General Manager; Smoky 
 Hollow Coal Company, by J. J. Phans, Proprietor. 
 
 Thus ended one of the most extensive and far-reaching 
 strikes that this country has ever seen. It affected at one 
 time fourteen thousand mine employees. 
 
 At the convention at Albia, which ordered the Iowa 
 miners to strike, J. T, Clarkson resigned his office of presi- 
 dent of the Iowa Miners' Association, but occupied the posi- 
 tion of secretary at the time he attended the National Execu- 
 tive Board meeting at Columbus, (^hio, June i. 1894, when it 
 formally voted to declare the "national suspension" off, and 
 to permit every mining district to make any kind of arrange- 
 ments they chose between the miners and the operators. 
 
 Mr. Clarkson was opposed to the strike from first to last ; 
 but, under the overwhelming i)ressure brought to bear on 
 the Iowa miners, and the persistent entreaties of the miners 
 themselves, he yielded to their wishes, and called the con 
 vention. Later he accepted the office of vice-president of the 
 Iowa Miners' Association, but resigned in 1SJ).5, and has since 
 then devoted his talent and energy to the practice of law. 
 
 Whether this great strike resulted in any material ad- 
 vantage to the miners of Iowa is a matter of doubt. The 
 Deep Vein Coal Company, of Foster, Iowa, refused to enter 
 the agreement, and the strike was prolonged at the place 
 for some weeks. That company had never violated the '98 
 schedule, and had paid its employees promptly every two 
 weeks. Moreo^ei', it had to face the competition of other 
 mines which operated on a reduced scale for mining, but it 
 gave its men work (though not on full time) as long as they 
 wished work. Mv. Foster, president of the company, took 
 exceptions to one clause of the agreement requiring his com- 
 pany, on re(pi('st of the miners, to become their agent in the 
 collection of certain dues or '^relief funds," The miners at 
 Foster at length signified their willingness to resume work 
 without having scM-ured any concessions from the company, 
 but their action cost the company the loss of some valuable 
 coal contracts, whicli, on account of its inability to fill them 
 at the time of the strike, were placed with other companies, 
 which had already gone to work. 
 
UltiTOliY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 339 
 
 Duriiiji the strike many of (ho miners and tlicir families 
 were redni-ed almost to destitution. Tlie relief fund was in- 
 adequate, and the ai)i)eals sent out to the farminj:^ community 
 for donations fell on unsympathizin*; ears. The farmers 
 would not contributi' to their supjiort. and met the SDlicitors 
 with the retort : "^^'hy don't you ^o to work if yctu arc starv- 
 inji? NVe have to worlc for whate\er we can ^et, in oider to 
 keep the wolf from the door." The farmers could not see the 
 wisdom of a strike at a. time when all business was already 
 paralyzed by a financial ])anic. They felt that they thc^m- 
 selves were in the same boat, and refused both material and 
 moral sup]»ort ti) the strike movement. Their aid was not 
 withheld throujjh a lack of charity, for thc\v felt that it would 
 be fosterinj:; a social evil to encoui-ajie men in i<llene^ss. 
 
 l*robal)ly a majority of the sober reflectin}; miners were 
 opposed to tlie strike; but in a mininj; community there are 
 rulinp: spiiits, whose counsels are listened to and heeded by 
 the rank and tile. Sometimes these bosses are unscrupulous 
 men, who j;o by the name of "ajiitators." There are a few 
 of them in every mininf; cam]), and tlu^v are a source of mis 
 chief to both operators and miners. Tn all treaties with 
 o|»erators they are careful to have the latter aj^ree to a clause 
 which binds the operator to not make any discrimination 
 against them and their active followers for havinj,' abetted 
 the strike. Notwiihstandinji: these promises on the part of 
 the o]>erat(M-s. and notwithstanding; the enactment of a 
 statute in the laws of the State, forbiddini; this discrimina- 
 tion, the "aiiitator" soon tinds himself (»nt of cmjdoymeut in 
 the mines. He <;oes fi-oni mininj^^ camp to mininj; camp seek- 
 ing work, but he is invaiiably known to the company in some 
 way, and is told his services are not desired. He usually 
 goes to work with the rest of the miners, but he invariably 
 lands in some ])ai't of the mine whei-e ther<' is bad air, "low 
 «'oal," or a treacherous i-oof. lie is not a fav<u'it«' with the 
 "pit-boss," and is assigned by him to the least dcsii-able part 
 of the mine, where he cannot eaiii a living by his laboi-. 
 
 The scale of wages foi- mining coal, as agreed to by the 
 joint convention at Oskaloosa, .lune 0, 1S!)4, which scale was 
 a c<uitinuation of the "Xi scale, and was to be in force until 
 Aj)ril 1, ISO."), was not strictly observed by the parties to the 
 contract, an«l in the sjaing of 'I>."» the operators and miners 
 met in convention at Oilumwa, March LMIth. In this conven- 
 tion an agreement was entered into, which is known as the 
 
340 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 "Ottumwa Agreement," and in which it was agreed that the 
 ■9:} scale would be observed from April 1, 1895, to April 1, 
 189G, It seems the operators entering into this compact found 
 theraseh^es unable to carry out its provisions, and a reduc- 
 tion was made, which precipitated another strike, by the 
 operators in the Northern, Southern, and Des Moines dis- 
 tricts refusing to sign or abide by the agreement. 
 
 In the Southern District nearly all the men went out on 
 account of a reduction of from 10 to 15 cents per ton, A levy 
 of $1.00 per head was placed on every miner working 
 throughout the districts, but this aid was soon exhausted, 
 and the striking miners were advised by the State organiza- 
 ton to temporarily resume work at the reduced schedule 
 price. This advice was given out in a circular signed by J. 
 T. Clarkson, as president pro tern., and Julius Fraum, secre- 
 tary and treasurer of the Iowa Miners' Association. 
 
 In Monroe County the fixed schedule for mining coal 
 has for several years been the same as that of Mahaska 
 County — viz., 70 cents j)er ton for summer and 80 cents for 
 winter, or 75 cents on an average. The State Mine Inspector 
 of the First Inspection District gives the following prices for 
 the various counties comprising the districts: 
 
 Appanoose and Wayne counties, per ton fl.OO 
 
 Central District, comprising Mahaska, Monroe, Ma- 
 rion, Keokuk, and Wapello counties, per ton 75 
 
 Des IMoines District, per ton 1.00 
 
 Northern District, comprising Boone and Webster 
 
 counties, per ton 1.00 
 
 The State Mine Inspector, however, in his report of the 
 First District, for the year ending June 30, 1895, places the 
 average price for mining coal in Monroe County at 66 cents 
 per ton, in Mahaska County at 75 cents per ton, and in Appa- 
 noose County at 88 cents per ton. 
 
 The writer has no knowledge of any rate in Monroe 
 County lower than 70 cents. 
 
 The State Mine Inspector's Report for the year 1895 
 gives the following as the number and character of the min- 
 ing plants of Monroe County: 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 341 
 
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 0^ 
 
 Room and Pillar. 
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 Long Wall. 
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 Kind of 
 Mine. 
 
 
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 fa' 
 
 F. Hynes. 
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 W.G. Richardson. 
 D H. McMillan. 
 T.J. Phillips. 
 A. B. Little. 
 A. B. Little. 
 Clarence Akers. 
 P. F. Jackson. 
 Wm. Remey. 
 W. D. Russell. 
 Smiley Bros. 
 Hartyer Bros. 
 John K. Manley. 
 Geo. Combs. 
 
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 Smoky Hollow Coal Co., 
 
 No. 2. 
 Deep Vein Coal Co. 
 Enterprise Coal Co. 
 Chicago & Iowa Coal Co. 
 Iowa & Wisconsin Coal Co. 
 White-breast Fuel Co.,No. 10 
 Diamond Coal Co , No. 1. 
 Diamond Coal Co., No. 2. 
 Fredric Coal Co. 
 Wilson Coal Co. 
 Remey Bros. 
 W. D. Russell. 
 Smiley Bros. 
 Hartyer Bros. 
 John K. Manley. 
 Geo. Combs. 
 
342 UlUTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. IOWA. 
 
 Ill addition to tlie foregoing, two more companies have 
 organized and begun operations since 1895 — viz., the Hilton 
 Coal Company, of Hilton, Monroe County, and the Central 
 Coal Company, near Avery, a further description of which 
 is found elsewhere in this volume. 
 
 Few of the mining concerns within the county have 
 achieved much success financially within recent years. Labor 
 disturbances have been one cause, and a sharp competition 
 in the coal markets another. 
 
 The expense of mining in some of the localities is much 
 greater than elsewhere, owing to unsatisfactory rooting, 
 "faults" in the coal, hilly or uneven condition of the inner 
 surface of the mine, and a variety of other hindrances. 
 
 In many cases the railroads themselves have discrim- 
 inated against certain coal operators, the roads being more 
 or less identified with coal enterprises themselves. Those 
 coal companies which are accorded the special favoritism or 
 patronage of the railroads are successfully operated and 
 those concerned make money. 
 
 The fifty days' strike of 1804 was certainly an ill-advised 
 move on the part of the miners of Iowa. They had no local 
 grievances to set right; they struck out of sympathy for a 
 horde of turbulent foreigners working in the mines of the 
 Ea'stern States — a population consisting largely of Sclavs, 
 Huns, and other European nationalities, little governed by 
 civilization or the requirements of good citizenship. The 
 loss to the miners themselves, entailed by the strike of 1894, 
 amounted, in the First District, to 299,584 tons of coak and 
 1399,220 in earnings, or a decrease of 18.5 per cent of 
 earnings. 
 
 Following is a list of accidents occurring in the mines 
 of Monroe County for the two years ending June 30, 1895 : 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 343 
 
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 oiu«*«oOiu3iiiiiii';;'::';^3ooOOiiK4,4, 
 
344 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 At half past 8 o'clock on the morning of November, 1894, 
 a tremendous explosion occurred in the mines of the Iowa 
 and Wisconsin Coal Company, two miles west of Albia. It 
 occurred in what was known as the back entry of the main 
 Siouth. It had been allowed to fall in some time previous, 
 and was now being opened up again by taking a "skip" off 
 the rib. The work had proceeded in this way till at the time 
 of the occurrence it was twenty feet ahead of the last break- 
 through where the air was traveling, and 1,250 feet from the 
 bottom of the shaft. 
 
 The explosion was caused primarilj' by a shot having 
 been fired. The hole for the shot was a 2|-inch hole, and it 
 contained four and one-half common charges of powder. 
 The hole was G feet deep, and was 12 inches out of perpen- 
 dicular. The shot was fired by a squib. Four ijien sat near 
 the shot, inside the break-through and in the main entry. 
 Two other men were 90 feet distant. These men were burned 
 worse than those in close proximity to the shot. The shot 
 spent its force in the air, blowing out the tamping without 
 breaking up the coal. The flame from the shot seemed to 
 ignite in the air of the entry either an accumulation of gas 
 or "dust." In thife explosion John A. Jones was killed and 
 James Dyson and George Taylor were severely burned and 
 maimed for life. The exact cause of the explosion was some- 
 what of a mystery to mining experts. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, TOWA. 345 
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 Raihroy Casualties. 
 
 Early ou the iiioininji: of July l.'Uli, ISO!), a IrelgUt 
 train, consisting of an engine and twelve freight cai's, one 
 baggage car, one sleeper, and one passenger coach, in 
 charge of Conductor H. S. Miller, of Burlington, rumbled 
 sloAvly down the grade west of Albia, on the C, li. & il. 
 Kailway. There had been a heavy rain that night, and 
 Coal Creek was running out of its banks. 
 
 Engineer I'eter Ericsson and David Deftinbaugh, fire- 
 man. Silt in their places on the lookout for accidents. They 
 had been warned that the track was unsafe, and that large 
 quantities of sand had been washed out from under the 
 l)iling of the bridge which spanned Coal Creek. The 
 bndge was made on pilings, and was about twenty fe<4 high. 
 When about the center of the bridge, the engine went down 
 with a crash, into the water, followed by seven of the cars. 
 The water was fifteen or twenty feet deep; and the c;us, 
 after rising to the surface, floated slowly dawn the stream, 
 turning over and over in their passage, until they finally 
 lodged against trees. 
 
 The engineer and fireman were submerged with their 
 engine, and as the engine^ settled to the bottom of the stream, 
 the men climbed out through a window, and, coming to the 
 surface, floated down with the cuireni and saved tliem 
 selves. 
 
 When the train left IWirlington, a man named Wm. 
 Ilerriott, with his four children, took passage in one of the 
 ill-fated box-cars. They were cu roiitv to Taylor County, 
 with a team and wagon, but at IJurlington concluded to 
 ship on board the cars. Their wagon and (eam were taken 
 on lK)ard the train, and Mi-. Herriolt an<l childreti remained 
 in the car with Ihe wagon. Tlieir car was one tliat went 
 down into the watery chasm. Tiie father and one little 
 girl escuiK'd from the car. The child, having crawh-il 
 through the partially opened side door, pried the do()r a 
 little wider open and her father was liberated, and in alumt 
 an hour both were taken ort" the car and towed to dry land 
 by means of ropes. 
 
346 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 The other three children were drowued, and their 
 bodies were not recovered until some hours later. The 
 children's ages were 12, 11, 10, and S, respectively. Emma, 
 the oldest daughter, was the one who made her escape. 
 William, 12 years of age, together with his sisters aged 10 
 and 8, respectively, were those drowned. 
 
 A coroner's inquest fixed the blame for the accident on 
 the railroad company, and the < ompany at once asked Mr. 
 Herriott to name the amount of damages. He named 
 
 UKh>^K Ui\ iiiK ioWA CENTRAL RAILWAY, AUGUST lo, IS'.Ki. 
 
 |1,000 as the amount, which the company paid forthwith, 
 and also tendered him |700 more, which, was accepted. The 
 company also i>aid all the expenses, making the total bill 
 of |2,00b. Mr. Herriott was well satisfied with this settle- 
 ment, and the railway company was equally glad to escape 
 with so small a sum. The corpses were taken back by 
 friends to Bureau County, Illinois, for burial, and the father 
 and mother continued their journey to Taylor County, the 
 latter having in the meantime joined her husband. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 347 
 
 At this (iiuc Tom IVtlU'i-, wlio arici-wjirds hcciinic (Jcn- 
 eral Supciiiilciulciil of the Cliicagc*, rMiiliii^toii iV (^nincy 
 IJailwa.v system, was the station ajjent at Alltia. 
 
 On the ni«;ht of the 15th of August, IS\H\, another 
 casualty, quite similar to the foregoing, except that it 
 was not attended by loss of life, occurred on the Iowa 
 Central Railroad, a short distance west o\' (he village of 
 Hickory, in Monroe County. A soutli-lxtund passenger 
 train, <lue at Albia at !>:ir> p. m., with McCarthy as con- 
 ductor, Eads engineei', and Shopc^s fireman, in passing 
 over the first bridge west of Ilickiuy narrowly escaped 
 being precipitattnl into the stream. There had been a 
 tremendous rain, and the accumulation of drift washed 
 against (uie of the jiiers had swept away one of the bents 
 of the biidge. The engine passed ovvv this in Kiune un- 
 accountable manner, but the baggjige car began to settle. 
 The engine was instantly detachecl, and jjassed on over 
 with Ihm' crew, en route to Albia. The next bridge was 100 
 feet in length, and about 25 feet in height. It was a W(XKlen 
 structure built on piling, and spanned Miller ('reek, which 
 at the time of the accident was much swollen by the recent 
 rain. The engiu<' had no s(MUier gotten fairly on the bridge 
 than, without a monuMifs warning, it went down into the 
 chasm with a tremendous crash, alighting in live or six 
 feet of water. 
 
 None of the crew were injured in the least degree. The 
 men climbed out of the cab, and passed along the si<le of 
 tho engine until they caught hold of sonn* projecting 
 timbers, and drew themselves out of the wreck. The 
 engine sustaincnl but slight injury, and within the next 
 forty-eight hours an inclined track was built to it, when a 
 huge Mogul engine was harnessed to it by means of a long 
 cable, and the engln«^ was drawn out. If the train ha<l 
 l)assed safely over the tii-st bridge, its fate at the second 
 one might have been terrible to contemplate. 
 
348 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 
 The Independent Club Guards. 
 
 ''January 1, 1844. 
 
 "We, the undersigned, believing it necessary for the 
 better security of our ckiims, to protect ourselves against 
 foreign as well as domestic aggression, and to 4$ettle all dis- 
 putes between individual claimants, and all right to claims 
 according to our neighborhood or club law, do form ourselves 
 into a club or company known as the 'Independent Club 
 Guards of Kishkekosh County.' 
 
 "Article I. All persons known as claim-holders in 
 this county may become members of this society by subscrib- 
 ing to these articles and the claim laws. 
 
 "Article II. On motion, two members of said company 
 shall be declared viva-voce tellers, to receive the vote of the 
 Club in their choice for Captain, Lieutenant, and Six Best 
 Men. 
 
 "Article III. These officers so elected shall serve one 
 veai" from the first Monday in April, 1844, to the first dav of 
 May, 1845. 
 
 "Article IV. It shall be the duty of the Captain, or, in 
 the absence of the Captain, of the Lieutenant, or, in the 
 absence of both, of the Best Men, to call upon the company 
 to appear at command, and proceed with said oflBcer to hear 
 and decide all rights to claims according to our claim laws, 
 and to put the claimant having the right to said contested 
 claim in full and peaceable possession of the same, and 
 protect him in said possession, fully and effectually. 
 
 "Article V. Any officer who shall refuse to act shall, 
 by a two-thirds vote of the members of said company, be 
 deprived of his office and hold only membership, 
 
 "Article VI. The company shall then proceed to elect 
 officers to fill all vacancies, 
 
 "Article VII. Any claimant whose name is attached 
 to our claim laws may appeal to the Captain of the Guards 
 and state to him his grievances, or, in absence of the Captain, 
 to the other officers, and they shall protect said claimant 
 
HIHTOKY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. H49 
 
 fully ill posst'ssioii of liis clnini, willioul fnillicr trimlilc lo 
 siud claiinaiii. 
 
 '^Alcxmuler Krnip, Caplaiii. 
 
 "James MvRuhcrtif, Liciilcnanl." 
 
 M(im)iir. 
 
 On June 25, 1855, Albia Lodj^e, No. TO, A. F. and A. M., 
 was oijjjanized at Albia, with 78 charter members. The 
 flrst officers were Johii Bone, W. M.; Samuel Gossajje, S. W.; 
 W. C. Ilatton, J. W.; Wm. Mercer, S. D.; Henry Saunders, 
 .1. 1).; John McKnight, Secretary; R. M. Hartness, Treasurer; 
 Jost'idi Jienoue, Tyler. 
 
 This lodge went down linally, and in December, 1889, 
 Astor Lodge, No. 505, was instituted. This lodge at present 
 contains 70 members. The present officers are: Ed Cooper, 
 W. M.; A. J. Beckett, S. W.; W. J. Hastie, J. W.; Tom I). 
 Lockman, Treasurer; B. F. Dufty. Secretary; G. W. Ilartsuck, 
 S. D.; Geo. D. Miller. J. D.; S. II. Hobson.'s. S.; B. E. Clark, 
 J. S.; J. H. Tobey, Tyler. 
 
 Koyal Arch Masons, ^lonroe Chapter, U. D., was organ- 
 ized July 20, 180fi. Its officers at present are: I. S. Jones, 
 Most Excellent High Priest; J. M. Easter. Most ExcellenI 
 King; Jonathan Hartsuck, M. E. S. ; Ed M. Noble, Treasurer; 
 A. J. Beckett, Secretary; Tom I). Lockman, C. H.; J. H. 
 Tobey, P. S.; Geo. D. Miller, R. A. C; S. D. Loye, G. M. 1st 
 Veil; A. R. Jackson, G. M. 2d Veil; J. H. Loye, Jr., G. M. 
 ad Veil; Jerry Willcox, Tyler. This lodge contains 22 
 members. 
 
 Knifjhts of Pi/thlas. 
 
 Troy Lo<lge, No. M, was organized July 15. 1875. It 
 (►rganized with 24 charter members. The otticers were E. 
 C. Hurlbert, P. C; W. M. Glenny, O. C; Val Mendal, V. C; 
 C. P. Cone, Prelate; Jas. Morns, Iv. R. and S.; Geo. Coleman, 
 M. F.; I). M. Miller, M. E.; Homer Duncan, M. A. 
 
 The i>resent officers aie: Morris Loeb, C. C; \i. ]•]. 
 Hindman, V. C; H. B. Holesdaw. Prelate; John (Jrac-. M. 
 A.; Harry Smith, J. C..; Jas. .Moodv, O. <J.; l<'rcd Mason, K. 
 of R. and S.; L. B. Edwanls, M. of E.; Roy Alford, M. of F.; 
 Lee Rowe, M. of W. 
 
 The I. O. O. F. 
 Monroe Lodge, No. 81. was organi/e«i OttolMi II, 1S55, 
 with the following charter members: John Claik, 'I'hos. 
 
350 HimORY Ob' MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 Kenworthy, S. D. Kamey, A. G. Chambers,. K. M. Hartness. 
 There were about 50 members at the close of 1856. The 
 first ofificers were: S, D. Kamey, N. G.; Thos. Keuworthy, 
 V, G.; John Clark, Secretary; R. M. Hartness, Treasurer. 
 
 The present officers are: John Hoyt, N. G.; W. J. 
 Lewis, V. G. D. O. Clapp, Recording Secretary; J. P. 
 Lamberson, Permanent Secretary; J. R. Duncan, Treasurer. 
 The present membership is 154. 
 
 Prior to 1860 there was an encampment at Albia, but 
 in that year it surrendered its charter. 
 
 Albia Encampment, No. 19, 1. O. O. F., was organized 
 by Robert McCormack in 1876. At the present time the 
 organization is not doing any active work, there being but 
 15 members. The organization is intact, and has funds 
 in its treasury. The officers at present are: J. P. Lamber- 
 son, Chief Patriarch; S. P. White, High Priest; I. L. Mills, 
 Senior Warden; J. R. Duncan, Junior Warden; S. M. King, 
 Scribe. 
 
 The A. 0. U. W. 
 
 The Aincient Order of LTnited Workmen organized at 
 Albia in 1881. The present membership is 160. The 
 present officers are: E. Mart Noble, M. W.; Josephus 
 Kester, Foreman; Wm. Anderson, O.; S. M. King, Financier; 
 J. O. Varner, Receiver; N. S. Anderson, P. M.; G. W. Stamm, 
 Recorder. The object of this organization is both fraternal 
 and for insurance. 
 
 Modern Woodmen of America. 
 Earnest Camp, No, 264, was organized in November, 
 1886. The present membership is 26. The present officers 
 are: Chas. Olson, Venerable Consul; Jesse Brewer, Worthy 
 Adviser; Harry C. Payne, Clerk; S. M. King, Banker; 
 Robert Ford, Escort; S. M. King, Physician; Jas. Brewer, 
 Watchman; F. Turner, Sentry; S. T. White, Delegate to 
 State Camp; Dr. Hoover, S. M. Tovrea, and W. M. Crane, 
 Managers. This society is also fraternal and for purposes 
 of insurance. 
 
 Woodmen of the World. 
 
 Organized at Albia the 4th of August, 1896, with a 
 
 niembershij) of 50. J. T. Clarkson, Consul Commander; 
 
 J. W. Noble, Lt. Adviser; Chas. Craig, (Merk; W. T. Shields, 
 
 Banker, E. T. Paulline, Escoi-l ; Vern Noble, Watchman; 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 351 
 
 .1. W. AHdid. Sentry; Messrs. llyall ;iihI r.aiiraiii. I'hysi 
 cians; \V. \\ l)vr\\vi\ C. N. liyatl. and F. G. Chase, 
 Managers. 
 
 The lirlxrcd Ditjnr, /. (>. (K /•'. 
 
 Mary and Martha Lod<i;c, No. 37, an auxiliary of the 
 Odd Fellows, was orjjjanized in October, 1875, by Mr. and Mrs. 
 John H. Duncan, Mr. and Mrs, »S. II. Anderson, Mr. and Mrs. 
 E. C. Hurlbert, Mr. and Mrs. L. V. Phinny, and Mr. and Mrs. 
 A. ('. IJarnes. This lodjie nourished for some years, and 
 then became inactive. 
 
 In 1S!>.~) Albia Kebecca Lodj^i', No. Ml'."!, was chartered 
 on the l'4th of .lul\ . and the otticers of that orji'anizatiou are: 
 Mrs. Tovrea, P. G.'; Mrs. \\. I. Shields, N. G.; .Mrs. Max Loeb, 
 V. G. ; Mrs. Dr. Kinji, Secretary; Mrs. David Brusser, Finan- 
 cial Secretary; Mrs. W. F. 'Hill, Treasurer; Mrs. John 
 'U'atkius, Ghajdain; ^Irs. J. P. Lamberson, Warden; Mrs. 
 Jas. Flanders. Gondut tor; Mrs. Samuel Pill, Inuer Guardian; 
 D. O. Glapp, Outside Guardian; J. P. Lamberson. K. S. of 
 N. G.; Mrs. A. (loodman. L. S. of N. G.; Max Loeb, K. S. to 
 V. G.; Mrs. J. T. J(mes, L. S. to N. G. The present member- 
 ship of this lodge is 65. 
 
 Woodmen Circle. 
 Organized September 1(5, 1S!M;, with a meuibershii» of 
 24. The i)tticers are: Mrs. Margaret Hyatt, W. G.; Mrs. 
 W. I. Shields. Adviser; Mrs. W. llartsock, Clerk; .^[rs. Sam 
 Tovrea. Magician; Mrs. F^rank K<hvards. .\ttendant; Dr. H. 
 T. Part ram. Physician; Mrs. J. J. Moody, I. S.; Mm. Ed. 
 Francis, O. S.; Mrs. Hattie White, Oiganist; Mrs. Francis, 
 Mrs. Lambeison, and Mrs. Shields. Managers. The object 
 of the society is social and beneticiai*y. 
 
 (I'nutd Annii <ij llic h'cinihUc. 
 Orman Post, No. 337, a semi military post, was organi/ed 
 in Albia in ISSl, and at jtreseiit contains aii(»ui till members. 
 F(dlo\ving is a list of the ollicers of the (Ugani/atiou foi- ihe 
 ])resent year: K. G. Payne, P. G.; <;. W. Fordyce. S. \'. <'. ; 
 Wm. Haycock, J. V. G."; J. 1.. Duncan, (l .M.: S. M. King. 
 Surgeon ; J. T. Y(»ung. < 'haplain : 1 1. Ilickeul topei-. .\d julant ; 
 H. P. Moore, O. D. 
 
 77/r /'. /•;. O. SisttrhdtHl. 
 Chapter 11 of this ladies' fraternal society wjis «»rgan- 
 ized in Albia the 31st of August. iNSl. Tiie charter mem 
 
352 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 bei's were Miss Nannie Lockman, Miss Flora Perry, Miss 
 Minnie Early, Miss Metta Boals, Miss Carrie Duncan, Miss 
 Lou Porter, Miss May l*o)'ter, Miss Minnie Richie, Miss 
 Mabel Richey, and Miss Etta Neville. Since the chapter 
 organized, there have been 168 initiations, and the member- 
 ship at present numbers 50 active members. 
 
 The present presiding officers of Chapter H are Mrs. 
 Maud Anderson, President; Mrs. Minnie Duncan, Vice-Presi- 
 dent; Miss Angle Kotfman, Recording Secretary; Mrs Inez 
 Edwards, Corresponding Secretary; Mrs. Jennie Duncan, 
 Treasurer; Mrs. Nellie Moffett, Chaplain; Mrs. Josie Hobson, 
 Guard. 
 
 The objects of the society are general improvement; the 
 inculcation of faith, purity, truth, justice, and charity; the 
 advantages of social relations; and the perpetuation of 
 fraternal love. 
 
HISTORY OB' MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 353 
 
 CHAPTER XXIII. 
 
 Horse-B reeding. 
 
 The first horses in Monroe County were a small haidy 
 breed that were crossi'd with the Indian jionies of Ihe Iron 
 tiei-. The Illinois. Missouri, and Wisconsin hors<'S at that 
 time eame ehietly from the stock mixed up witii Ihe horses of 
 the adjacent Indian tribes. The pioneer s<'t tiers of Jowa did 
 not brin^ many liorses with them, but used oxen for the first 
 few years. When they did begin to bring in horses, they pro- 
 cured most of them from the adjoining States, abov<* men- 
 tioned. They were horses tluit w(Mglie<l from 1 ()()(> to 110() 
 j)ounds. They wer(^ easily kept, and would subsist (Ui sweet 
 pum[»kins if the hay and grain supply ran short. They would 
 even live through the winter by browsing in the forc^st (tn 
 bark, buds, and twigs of trees, together with what blue grass 
 they could find. 
 
 In about tlie year 1875, Jas. B. Turner and one or two 
 other gentlemen b(*gan to import Norman horses from France 
 into ^ronroe County, and a short time later a large Clydes- 
 dale stallion, named Highland Chief, was brought over 
 th<' water. 
 
 The Clydesdales were of ponderous size., but they were 
 a little too coarse for the horse market, and the English 
 Shire or draught horse replaced the Clydesdales. The Shires 
 and Normans are the favorite breeds in Monroe County 
 at the present day, and many fin«' animals of these classes 
 have been brought to the county within i-eceni years. Th(^ 
 old fashioned "plug" horse has entirely disa|>peared, and 
 most of the horses now raised by the farnuMS are of a high 
 grade. 
 
 Among thf>se who have been active in the importation 
 and breeding of heavy horses were Jas. B. Turner, .\. M. 
 rjiltner. Jas. H. T.ove & Son. Win. Pe]»p(M-s, and Fri'd (^lallieis. 
 
 While farmers and bi-eedeis haxc been devoting atten 
 tion to heavy horses for the market, they ha\e also paid <on 
 siderable attention to spe«Ml hors<*s, so that t<>(lay Monroe 
 County contains some of the best gfM*rs in the State. W. B. 
 Griffin, of Albia, in the summer f»f 1S0(5, purchased a trot 
 ting stallion, named Ernest ^\'iUon, which is claimed to be 
 Zi • 
 
354 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 the fastes^t animal ever brought into the county. It is five 
 years old, and has a three-year old record of 2:27f. It was 
 brought from Paris, Kentucky, and those who are competent 
 to judge say the horse will be able to beat 2:15. Mr. (Iriffin 
 has another good horse, named Stewart Eddy, and has over 
 a. dozen brood-mares, among which is Soprano, a mare 
 formerly owned by ex-Governor Brown, of Michigan, who at 
 one time refused |.5,000 for her. This mare is the dam of 
 three 2:H0 performers, and dam of Coldridge, 2:05^, and 
 Choral, 2:09^ Mr. Griflfin sells his horses in all parts of the 
 United States, and even in (xermany. 
 
 In addition to Mr. Griffin's operations, several other 
 gentlemen have been very successful in the fast stock enter- 
 prise. M, E. Hennion & Son have some good Kentucky 
 strains of Wilkes stock. Euxine, a handsome stallion, with 
 a record of 2:2.5j, is owned by Willis Hennion. It is a fine- 
 looking horse, and is very speedy. Walton &. Clark own 
 another good horse, named Castleman. It is highly bred and 
 a good goer. A few years ago Jas. H. Love & Son were the 
 owners of Newton, a 2:22 stallion. This horse, which at that 
 time was the best in the county, was sold to a gentleman in 
 Dakota, but he left a valuable progeny in Monroe County, 
 amcmg which is a handsome brown owned b3' Jas. Titus, 
 which promises great speed when its training is completed. 
 
HISTORY or .UONIiOE COUNTY, IOWA. 355 
 
 CHAPTEH XXI\. 
 
 The ISiHi ('anras.s. 
 
 The politii-al canvass for the election of tonnly ((Hirers 
 for tlie v»*ai' ISMti broujilit into tlie tii'Id llic folli»\vin^ named 
 iientlenu'H as part v n<(niinees on the liepnhlican licUoi : For 
 Auditoi', .losiah T. Vonnj:,-; (Merk of the District Court. .J. \\. 
 II. (Irittin; Hecorder. Kobt. O. Clapp; MiMuber of the I'oaid, 
 •I. K. Watson; (\Hinty Attorney, -Jerry \\'rij;ht. 
 
 Tlu\ Democrats and IV(pnlists united tlieir forces and 
 brouj^ht out: For Auditor, John Welsh; foi- Cleik of the 
 District Court. (Jeo. Stamni; Kectu-der, A. K. Dille; ('((unty 
 Attorney, J. T. Clarkson; Member of the I'.oard, John W. 
 Shahan. 
 
 Any one of the above candidates would make a capable 
 and etticient officer to dischar<;e the duties of his «>ffice, but 
 at the date of this writing- it cannot be definitely prophesitMl 
 who will be elected in the jieneral election in November. 
 
 Hon. Josiah T. Vounj; is a self-made man, and climbed 
 up from obscurity and poverty. He was elected to the ottit-e 
 of Secretary of State, and served two terms, durinjj ( Jovernor 
 Carpenter's ineunibeucy as chief executive of the State. 
 Later he was elected to the (ieneral Ass^Mubly. and has filled 
 other offices of public trust in a satisfactory manner. He 
 was a y;rtod soldier and a victim of a Southern rebel 
 l)risou-j)en. 
 
 J. W. II. (xriffiu has discharj^ed the duties of Clerk of 
 the District Court for so many years that the Monroe County 
 bar, irresjiective of party lines, l(M)ks upon him as an indis 
 pensiible fixture. He usually receives j-onsiderable support 
 from the oi»posilii»n and is universally poi)ular. 
 
 Kobt. (). Clapp is a candidate f(»r recledion. lie has 
 made a j^ood otticer, and i-eceives considerable support 
 through sympathy, he being a cripple with but one leg. 
 
 Jerr^' Wright is a young attorney of Alljia, just feather- 
 ing out in the legal profession. He is full of enteri>rise. and 
 will no doubt be competent to discharge the duties of hi.s 
 office, if elected. 
 
356 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 J. K. Watson is one of Monroe Count} 's most staunch 
 farmers, and will make an excellent Member of the Board 
 if elected. 
 
 Mr. Welsh is a very popular farmer from the west side 
 of the count}'. He formerly served as a member of the 
 Board of Supervisors, and he is just as capable and deserv 
 ing of the office of Auditor as any man in his party. 
 
 (xeorjTe Stamm was a TTnion soldier, has always lived an 
 honorable, upright life, and well deserves some official 
 recognition at the hands of his party. He is a Populist at 
 heart, but was formerly a Republican, Welsh is a Democrat. 
 
 A. E. Dille is a well-educated young married man, and is 
 a good penman. He was formerly a Republican, but some 
 years ago espoused the third party cause. 
 
 J. T. Clarkson is a rising young attorney with two or 
 three years' experience at the bar. He is climbing up from 
 humbier walks in life, and bids fair to reach an exalted rank 
 in the profession. His first vocation was that of a coal- 
 miner, but he has selected the law as his life-profession. He 
 is a Populist or third party man, and a few years ago acquired 
 some prominence through his connection with organized 
 labor movements. 
 
 Geo. W. Shahan is a well-to-do and practical farmer of 
 Mantua Township. He well understands the needs of the 
 county, and has its interests at heart, and would no doubt 
 make a safe and efficient Member of the Board if elected. 
 
insroRY or monuok county, wwa. 357 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 IN'IM{(U>rCTI()N ; 7 
 
 CIIArTEU I. 
 
 (i'»'i>;:r;»|)Iii(;il locMiioii.— "Kusc-liiu^." "correction liiu^.*' raii^v and 
 i)i(>ri)1i:iii Iiii»^.— G(H>lo<jlcnl ('li;ira«-tor and probnble extent of 
 tilt- conl (li'jiosit 11 
 
 rilAPTER II. 
 
 When Monroe County slinll ccine to n.n end. — A horoscope of her des- 
 tiny. ;iMd men- s|)e( id;ifi<>n n.s to her future greatness, later decay, 
 and nllini.-itc <lissoIntJon ITt 
 
 CIIArTER HI. 
 Moin'(n» r'onnty as a part of th(> "fiOuls'ana Pnrcliase." — ^fonro** 
 <'oniity wTuMi comprising; a portion of Illinois Territory, also when 
 a p.trt of MissfKui. Mirhiean, and AVlsconsln Territories, resp»H?t- 
 lv»'ly.— ()r;raniz;ition of Kislikekosh (lattM* Monnn*) County. — Kish- 
 kckosli, the Indian chief— liis chivalry anil friendship for the 
 whites. — Rl.ick Hawk.— The early homestead laws.— The '•Club 
 law."— ('laim-jumpin-r aiul "claim-pens.**— The county-seat con- 
 test.— rrinc«»ton (afterwards named AlMa) and Clarksvllle the 
 rivals.— Building the lo;; court-hoiise and li*;; Jail 18 
 
 CnATTRR IV. 
 Early political methods.— The Mormon settlers.— Stearns of the Cains- 
 ville poll-book, and the Con>iressional end)r(>j;llo of IS4S n-snltlni: 
 from the act 3.'t 
 
 CHAPTEIt V. 
 Early tyjies of setllr^rs.— Primitive methofls of farming.— Different 
 si>i'cics of for<'St trees 3'< 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Monnv? County in defense r»f iho flaj;.— Quotas of troops called out by 
 the Fi'<l<'r;il calls.— The draft.— Roster of ri>;:linents. showltijr the 
 a;,'e. rank, company, datc^ of enlistment. amT list of c;isu.MUle.< 
 of .Mimnv,' ('(umty soldiers enrollc<l in the SiM^ond. Si.vth, Scventli. 
 Ei<:hth. Tliirteeiith, I'iftcenth. Sevent(>enth. i:i;:lit<H'ufh, Twcnty- 
 secoiid. Tliirty-sixth. Thlrty-scvcnfh, Foi-fy-slxth. and Fortyeghtli 
 Iowa Infaiitiy Ret;iiiicnts. tlu' I''iist, Second. Third, Foiu'th, and 
 Seventl\ Cavalry Ticjrimcnts, and the Third Iowa Rattery.— Early 
 militia or^ranizations. — List of old soldiers rj^sidlu;; in Mour>ie 
 (bounty who were euroUe^l from other l<Kalities. trivinp reuimeni 
 and company. —List of the soldier de.id in Oak View Cemetery, 
 plvlii^' re;,'lment and <-ompany and date of death. -History of the 
 First Iowa Cav, airy. -History of the Sixth Iowa Infantry. — Hls- 
 toi->- of the Tweiity-secaiid Iowa Infantry.— Hlstori' of th»» Th'rty- 
 Hixth Iowa infantry 43 
 
358 UIHTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Monroe Conuty's railroads. — The building of the Burlington and Mis- 
 souri River Railroad. — Bnildinj;- the Wabash road. — The Iowa Cen- 
 tral Railroad. — The Centerville. Moravia, and Albia Railway. — The 
 Al))ia, Knoxville. and Des Moines Railway and the Cliicaf;o, Mil 
 wankee, and St. Panl Railway. — Taxes and bonns ralstnl for the 
 construction of railroads by the pi'ople of jNIonroe County 125) 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 History of the press in Monroe County. — Urbana Township Demo - 
 racy.— Letter written by Horace Greeley on the subject of Fre- 
 mont's alleged ownershp of slaves. — Mr. Barnes' litile boys learn to 
 swear. — Young- T. B. Perry is reproved by the Independent Press 
 for his presumption in aspiring to be County Judge, and for pro- 
 curing whisky with which to advance his political interests.— 
 Resolutions passed by the Urbana Township Democracy in 1S61, 
 in denunciation of the abolition movement. — Hon. josiah T. 
 Young's letter to Gov. Pickens of South Carolina on the subje 't 
 of rebellion. — Old Henry Clay Dean's speech at Albia in 1860.— 
 The "Knights of the Golden Circle."— Rev. Jacob Weyrick writes 
 a letter to Jacob Hittle in justiflcation of human slavery, from a 
 scriptural standpoint 133 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 Early county offlcers.— Building of the present court-house.— Mo r.e 
 County Agricultural Society.— The All)ia post-office.— Methods of 
 obtaining appointments as postmaster 154 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 Failure of H. K. Steele's bank. — The Monroe County Bank failure. — 
 Other banks in the county 106 
 
 CHAPTER XT. 
 
 Mui'der of Jas. Gorden.— The criminal docket of 1866.— liyuching of 
 Chas. Brand(m. — Murder of Tom Hidligen. — Killing of Thomas 
 Davis.— Horse-thief bauds.— Lynching of Garrett Thompson.— 
 Murder of Chris. McAlister.— Lynching of Pleas. Anderson.— 
 Lynching of LeAvis Prazier 17] 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 Negro contrabands.— Milt Mclntyre's fight Avith a panther.— Raising of 
 the "Hickory" pole in Albia in 186S.— AVild game in Monroe Conn 
 ty in early <lays. — Tlie circular wolf-hunt. — Coal-miners' strike ai 
 Ce<lar Mines in ISXO.— Negro miners.— The "Deep Snow."— Weav- 
 ing dotli in early days.— The "tlax-break" and "liackle."— Doster 
 Noland's big butternut coat.— Roads and road-making.— Pioneer 
 fashions in dress. — Love-making.— ('om'tship of Col. Dan Ander 
 son. -Conrtsliip of old Sam Daal.— The wool-picking and the 
 spinning-wlieel.— Rise and progress ot civilization in the "Hairy 
 Nation" 183 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 359 
 
 CIlArTKK XIll. 
 Early Joys and sorrows. —.Milling; trips. -'I'lif ])rairi<>-itrl) as a socuil 
 institiitioii. 'Pht* ihnriniri. \u inlcrostiiii: liiid. Ki-c lniiiliii;:. — 
 The lot.^ cabin.— The •■luM-down."— ("anip-iin'flint,'s ami walt-r nirl 
 ons.— Tlu' "Hanlsiicll" Bai)tists. -Hro. Jackson's sermon on lidl- 
 tirc— Jim rollard yets "too full of the love of (iod to iiold cal» 
 ba.iro."— Embryo villatjrs.— The "wat r-wi ch."— School-; an 1 >chnol 
 ma'ams. — Tiie piiMieer school-master.— Soai» Creek Jniisprud net'.— 
 The Itij: tiirht of old Ken Ashl>ury and Newt Vanclev<>.— other Itii; 
 tizhts and law-suits.— rio'.ieer ft>jryisiu.— ( )ld Dr. Tra t her.— They 
 kille.l tlie fiimily pij: 2i»i) 
 
 CHArTEK xiy. 
 Buildin.s; of the county jail and late tiuancial matters.— Bondinj: the 
 county.— The county tax levy.— The accumulatiufr deficit of county 
 funds.— Axithoritj' of the Board of Supervisors •J34 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 History (»f the ^lethodist Episcopal Church.— The Soap Creek Mis- 
 sion. — Th(> Bloomtield Mission.— The TTi»|»i'rWliite-ltreast ^lission.— 
 Tile Eddyville Mission.— The Kno.wille and .\ll»ia Missions.— Com 
 plete list of MethiMlist niiiiisters identitied in minister al work from 
 the or>,'anization of the Chun-h in Moni'oe County down to the 
 present time.— History of the Presbyterian Church in Monro;' 
 County. — History of the Associate Presbyterians or "Si-ceders." — 
 The "Seceder" war with the "Hairy Nation."— The .Xsstniate Ue- 
 foriu Presbyterians.— rnion of the Assoc ate ami Associ it • lii-form 
 IxHlies and the orirainzation and history of tlie Cnited Presby 
 terian Church. — The Covenanters. — The «'und>erlMnd Presltyti - 
 rians.— Comiilete h\story of the Uni^'d Brethren. Chii-;tiaii. Baptist. 
 Episci>pal. Catholic, and other church societies in MoiU'cH-County.— 
 Laying; the ci>rner-stone of the Catholic t-hurch at Stai-yville.— 
 Pion»'er preachers and the ^Towth ami pro;,Te.ss t»f the various 
 church s«»clt>ties.— HistiMical sketch of Service riitrd P e byterian 
 Cony:rey:ation. The Dunkers 237 
 
 (TIAI'TEi: XVI. 
 
 Avera.>re crop yield of Monroe County for \Si)~> and other statistical 
 
 item.s.— Bee cultiu'e.— Political matters.— Stren;,'th of the n'spective 
 
 political parties in Monroe County from 1SS!» to ISSMi. — Mainifac- 
 
 turiug -M> 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 The city of Albia.— .\very.— Hyms City.— Foster.— Blaki'sbur;:.— M»>1- 
 ro.se.— Stacy ville.-I-'redric. Hiteman L'IM; 
 
 CHAPTER WIN. 
 Some battles with the ••Hairy Nation." How a Sixth Iowa Cavalry 
 boy p»t his whisky. The <ildest white settler born on lowa .soil. 
 Yankee pumpkins as parlor furniture. lO.vtraets from some ol I 
 justice's dockets. ."-Nome early milling e.vjdoiis. How .Newt Va:- 
 cleve crossed Soap Creek on a I'imM loj; with a t«'am, wap't'. Jiii I 
 ffrist when the strwim was out of its b. inks ;;2_* 
 
360 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, IOWA. 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 Educational topics.— Roster of Monroe County teacliers 320 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 
 The mining industry.— The lower coal measures.— Mine-inspection 
 districts.— The eight-hour strike movement of 1890.- The organi- 
 zation of the Iowa Miners' Association.— The 1893 schedule.— Rates 
 for mining coal througliout the various mining districts. — His- 
 tory of the great coal-miners' strike or "suspension" of 1894. — The 
 "Ottumwaagreement." — Miners' convention at Albia.— The "agita- 
 tor."— List of coal companies operating in Monroe County, their 
 daily capacity, capital invested, etc.— List of accidenl^s occurring 
 in the mines of Monroe County for the two years ending June 30th. 
 1895.— The Jack Oak explosion 331 
 
 CHAPTER XXL 
 
 Railway casualties.— The drowning of the Herriott children in the 
 Coal Creek bridge accident.— Wreck on the Iowa Central in Au- 
 gust, 1896 3-15 
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 
 The Independent Club Guards.— The history of the Free Masons in 
 Monroe County.— The Knights of Pythias.— The I. O. O. F.— Albia 
 Encampment, No 19.— The A. O. U. W.— The M(xlern Woodmen of 
 Aonerica.- Woodmen of the World.— Tlie Rebecca Degree, I. O. O. 
 F.— Woodmen Circle.— The G. A. R.— The P. E. O. Sisterhood. .348 
 
 CHAPTER XXIII. 
 Horse-breeding and fast horses 353 
 
 CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 The 1896 political canvass.— The tickets nominated.— Map of Monroe 
 County 355 
 
V COUNTY 
 
 I ^ .n'rM^cp'oEl 
 
 y .r. 
 
 12 / 
 
 — --I — ^*' 
 
 21 I 2n 2, 
 
 2S 
 
 r;:? 
 
 r la;. 
 
 2« 
 
 ,x: 2r, 
 
 !^-, 
 
 M ■ ?m: 
 
Map of Monroe County, Iowa. 1896. 
 
 R.Xflll COUNTY 
 
 R.XVII M /I H A S K /I 
 
 37— 
 
 B.rW COUNTY 
 
 APPA//OOSE 
 
• • • X ^ J. L^ • • • 
 
 Senii=Weekly Union. 
 
 :STABI.ISHED 
 IN 1862. 
 
 A. R. BARNES, Publisher and Proprietor. 
 
 published Iw^ Tue^dai] and Fridaij. 
 
 READ 
 
 THE UNION ,.-^ 
 
 FOR ^^»t^'n^^Ht■ 
 
 $1.50 
 
 * fDl.«)V A YEAR. 
 
• • • X J J. ^^ • • • 
 
 Senii=Weekly Union. 
 
 ESTABLISHED 
 IN 1862. 
 
 A. R. BARNES, Publisher and Proprietor. 
 
 published Evei^ij Tuesday and Ffidaij. 
 
 READ 
 
 THE UNION „,..,. 
 
 FOR -\^^^^ 
 
 aW 
 
 $1.50 
 
 •^ tDl.dV A YEAR. 
 
The 
 IWonroe County 
 
 Is the only 
 ^ # Democratic Paper 
 In Monroe County. 
 
 BEIiVEIi & CI^El^SHAOU, 
 
 POBliISHERS. 
 
 .«'•'. ..'Ik. ..'#b. 
 
 *•* •»• 'T»T 
 
 Subscription Price, $1.00 per Year. 
 
SEMI-WEEKLY 
 
 Progress=Defender. 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1890. 
 ii< & «i< 
 
 M. M. HINTON, Editor and Proprietor. 
 
 ALBIA, - - IOWA. 
 
 *fk ^fk *!i 
 W W »tf 
 
 T:HE PROGRESS-DEFENDER has. by far, 
 the largest circulation of any paper in Mon- 
 roe County, and therefore it is the best advertis- 
 ing medium. Official City and County organ. 
 All home print. Job Printing a specialty. It 
 circulates extensively among all classes of people, 
 and will prove a valuable helper to your business 
 as an advertising medium. 
 
 Sk Jk Jfi 
 
 ^ifi »1? »i? 
 
 PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS and SATURDAYS. 
 
ROYAL A. ADAMS, 
 
 IRER OF- 
 
 PatentBrake-rodCoupler 
 
 SENT BY MAIL FOR 75 CENTS. 
 
 AGENT FOR 
 
 CHARTER OAK WAGONS 
 AND CIRCULAR SAWS 
 
 Agricultural Implements, Blacksmlthing, 
 
 WAGON-WORK AND GENERAL REPAIRING. 
 
 ALBIA, IOWA. 
 
S. M. TOVREfl, 
 
 THE SOUTH SIDE 
 
 GROCER 
 AND PROVISIONER. 
 
 . . . DEALER IN . . . 
 
 Fancij and ^teple (^i^ocerie?, 
 
 TOBACCO. CIGARS. GLASSWARE. 
 QUEENSWARE. DRIED and GREEN 
 FRUITS, Etc., at lowest liviQg prices. 
 
 PJ^ODUCE TAKEN SRfAB AS CASH. 
 
 AlBIA. IOWA. 
 
The only exclusive Clothing Store conducted by Americans 
 and on the one-price basis ever in Albia. 
 
 This firm has enjoyed an enviable trade from 
 the beginning, and are to-day the standard of 
 measurement in quality and prices, marking as 
 they do every article in plain figures.thereby mak- 
 ing the task of purchasing as easy for the child 
 as for the parent. Handling the best grades of 
 
 Clothing t Furnishings, 
 
 And being interested in several stores through- 
 out the State, puts them in a position to accom- 
 modate those demanding the better qualities at 
 reasonable prices. The reader who appreciates 
 legitimate transactions and stylish garments 
 would do well to visit this store. 
 
 ODD FELLOWS' TEMPLE, - ALBIA, IOWA. 
 
C. H CLARK 
 
 DEALER IN AND MAKER OF 
 
 APIARY SUPPLIES. 
 
 Keeps in stock, or can get an\ and all appliances 
 needed in connection with the management of the 
 
 Honey=bee, Comb Foundation, 
 
 Smokers, Boxes, Etc. 
 
 Also always keeps in stock choice Comb and Ex- 
 tracted Honey at reasonable prices, and breeder of 
 
 Choice Italian and Carinolia Bees. 
 
 Queens range in price from 7") cents to $3.00, ac- 
 cording to quality and season of the year. He 
 will also give personal service to the care, hand- 
 ling and transferring of bees where enough work 
 can be gotten to induce him to go. 
 
 Address all orders and communications to 
 
 C. H. CLARK, 
 
 ALBIA, IOWA. 
 
W. GRANT CLARK. JOHN R. CLARK. 
 
 CLARK BROS. 
 
 The Oldest Established Firm In Monroe County. 
 . . . DEAI-ERS IN . . . 
 
 FaM Machinei'ijjmplementg, 
 
 GRAIH OF fllili KlHDS. 
 
 Extensive Dealers in Timothy, Clover and Other Seeds. 
 Vehicles of all Kinds, Sleighs, Cast Sleds, Etc. 
 
 We invite the public to call on us 
 for anything in our line. 
 
 flLiBlfl, lOWfl. 
 
 G. M. HEISERMA.N, Manager. A. ANDERSON, Foreman. 
 
 ALBIA CYCLE CO. 
 
 . . MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 "ssi^icycles, Etc. 
 
 Repairing and Rebuilding a Specialty. 
 
 ALBIA, - " IOWA. 
 
Western Manufacturng Company. 
 
 <» » ♦ 
 
 lAKERS OF* 
 
 Pumps of all Kinds, 
 
 AND FOR ALL PURPOSES. 
 
 Also Hay=stackers, Rakes and Machinery. 
 
 Machine and Foundry Work of all kinds 
 promptly and satisfactorily done. 
 
 Can save you money on Pipe Fittings and 
 all kinds of Well Supplies. 
 
 Call and get oui figures when in need of anything in our line. 
 
 ALiBin, moNROE county, IOCjUA. 
 
 S. N. ANDERSON, 
 
 AL.I- KINDS or 
 
 Dumps, Ras Dipes and Fittings, 
 
 A COMPLETE LINE OF BATH TUBS. 
 ALiBIA, - - IOWA. 
 
W. J. WOODRUFF, M.D. p J. W. PABST. Ph.C 
 
 VooJruff f P^xL^I, 
 
 DI^OGGISTS, 
 
 FOSTER, IOWA. 
 
 . . . DEALERS IN . . . 
 
 Drugs, Paints, Oils, Glass, Pully, Jewelry, Holloas, Elo. 
 
 A Full Line of PATENT MEDICINES Always on Hand. 
 
 When ill towu call and see us. 
 Oil the corner of 
 
 FOURTH STREET AND THIRD AVENUE. 
 
 W. J. Woodruff, A.M., M.D. 
 
 (Physician to Deep Vein Coal Company.) 
 
 . . . Foster, iowa. 
 
 
 General Practitioner. 
 
 special Attention Given to Supge^y and 
 Obsteti^ical Work. 
 
 Tho Doctor is anxious to practice for those wlio paj' \n\w.— Editor.