George Vil USRAPV | DMiARsm o CALIFORNIA flANMEaO 9//,' Mtv* (MKJ GEORGE VILLIERS Second Duke of Buckingham The Rehearsal First acted 7 Dec. 1671. Published [? July] 1673 > WITH ILLUSTRATIONS FROM PREVIOUS PLAYS, ETC. EDITED BY EDWARD ARBER F.S.A. ETC. LATE EXAMINER IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE TO THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON WESTMINSTER A. CONSTABLE AND CO. 1898 CONTENTS LIFE and TIMES of GEORGE VILLIERS, Duke of Buck- ingham 3 (1) Brian Fairfax's Memorials of him, . . . 3 10 (2) Other characters of him, by Lord Peterborough, Bp. Burnet, Count Grammont, S. Butler, and J. Dryden, 10 12 INTRODUCTION, 13 BIBLIOGRAPHY, 'The Rehearfal' 18 Keys to 'The Rehearfal' 19, 20, 26, 32, 36, 46, 48 THE REHEARSAL, .... (1) Prologue 23 (2) The Actors 24 (3) The TEXT, on odd numbered pages, (4) The ILLUSTRATIONS, on even numbered pages, prin- cipally taken from the following Plays : Mrs. A. Behn, The Amorous Prince. 1671. Sit W. D'Avenant, Love and Honour* 1649. (Poet-laureate) Play Houfe to be let. Siege of Rhodes, Part I. 1656. J. Dryden, Conqueft of Granada, Parts I. ami II. 1672. (Poet-laureate) The Indian Emperor. 1667. Marriage-a-la-mode. 1691. Secret Love, or The Maiden Queen. 1668. Tyrannic Love. 1670 and 1672. The Wild Gallant. 1669. Sir R. Fanfhawe's tranflation (1654) of Don A. H. de Mendoza's Querer pro folo qtterer. 1623. (To love only for love's fake) 16; I. Col. H. Howard, United Kingdoms. The Hon. J. Howard, Engli/h Monfeeur. 1674. Sir W. Killigrew, Onnafdes, or Love and FriendJJiip. 1665. Pandora, or The Converts. 1665. T. Porter, The Villain. 1663. F. Quarles, The Virgin Widow. 1649. Sir R. Stapylton, The Slighted Maid. 1663. (5) Epilogue, 136 The LlFK and TIMES of GEORGE VILLIERS, Second Duke of Buckingham. INSTEAD of the usual brief Chronicle, we shall on this occasion adJuce * series of testimonies that have come down to us from coutempor^ ':s, all intimately acquainted with Villiers. i. In the year 1758, was published in London, a 410 Ca/afogve ef the Curions Collection of Pictures of George Villiers, Duke oj Buakin^kj ti. The Catalogue is prefaced by the following ADVERTISEMENT. WE proceed to gratify the curiosity of the public with some other lists of valuable collections ; the principal one belonged to that magnificent favourite, George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham ; and was only such part of his Museum as was preserved by an old servant of the family, Mr. Traylman, and by bi.m SRnt to Antwerp to the young duke, to be sold for his subsistence ; great part having been embezzled, when the estate was sequestered by the parliament. Some of the pictures, on the assassination of the first duke, had been pur- chased by the king, the earl of Northumberland, and Abbot Montagu. The collection was kept at York-house in the Strand, and had been bought by the duke at great prices. He gave ,10,000 for what had been collected by Sir Peter Paul Rubens ; and Sir Henry Wootton, when ambassador at Venice, purchased many other capital ones for his grace. One may judge a little how valuable the entire collection must have been, by this list of what remained, where we find no fewer than nineteen by Titian, seventeen by Tmtoret, twenty-one by Bassan, two by Julio Romano, two by Giorgione, thirteen by Paul Veronese, eight by Palma, three by Guido, thirteen by Rubens, three by Leonardo da Vinci, two by Corregio, and three by Raphael ; besides other esteemed and scarce masters. Mr. Duart of Antwerp bought some of them, but the greater part were purchased by the archduke Leopold, and added to his noble collection in the castle of Prague. He bought the chief picture, the Ecce Homo by Titian, in which were introduced the portraits of the pope, the emperor Charles the Fifth, and Solyman the magnificent. It appears by a note of Mr. Vertue, in the original manuscript, that Thomas earl of Arundel offered the first duke the value of 7,000 in money or land for that single piece. Ihere is a copy of it at Northumberland house. It may not be improper to mention in this place, that Villicrs, when sent with the earl of Holland to the States, to negociate the restoration of the Palatinate, purchased a curious collection of Arabic manuscripts, collected by Erpinius, a famous linguist ; which, according to the duke's designa- tion of them, were after his death, bestowed on the university of Cam- bridge, of which his grace had been chancellor. Embedded in this Catalogue, at pp. 24 39, is the following Life of George Villiert;, Dttke of Buckingham, the celebrated Poet. Written by Brian Fair- fax Esq. and never before published. This Z.yisboth able and graphic ; and apparently authentic. As it will be new to most readers, we give it entire. BRIAN FAIRFAX, Esq. was the second son of Rev. Henry Fairfax, rector of Bolton Percy, and cousin to Thomas, 4th Lord Fairfax (the Parliamentary general), brother to Henry, 5th Lord, and uncle of Thomas 6th Lord Fair- fax. [See The Fairfax Correspondence. Ed. by G. W. Johnson, i. cxx cxxv. 1848.] In 1599, he edited Short Memorial!, of Thomas [4th] Lor-i. Fairfax. Written by himself. The following gives the most favourable account of Villiers; and would seem to show that up to the Restoration ha was apparently no worse than his neighbours. The original papers from -whence this manuscript is faithfully taken, were written by Mr. BRIAN FAIRFAX, and in the possession of the late bishop Atterbury. Memoirs of the Life of GEORGE VILLIEES, Duke of BUCKINGHAM. G2CSCE Villiers, duke of Buckingham, was the son of that nob' : favount . 4 BRIAN FAIRFAX'S Memoirs of the Life ol to two kings ; who, in the height of his fortune and flower of his age, engaged fcis estate and exposed his life, in the service of his king and country. 1 he name of Villiers is ancient and honourable in France and England. T*hilip de Villiers L'isle Adam, was the last great master of Rhodes, and defended it six months against the Turkish emperor, Solyman. The duke's mother was the Lady Katherine Manners, sole daughter and heir of Francis earl of Rutland. He was born at Wallingford house in Westminster, Jan. 30, 1627. His elder brother, Charles, died an infant. His sister Mary was dutchess of Richmond and Lennox. His brother Francis was born at Chelsea, after his father's death. The duke inherited from his father the greatest title, and from his mother the greatest estate of any subject in England ; and from them both so graceful a body, as gave a lustre to the ornaments of his mind, and made him the glory of the English court at home and abroad. The first visit the king made to the dutchess after her husband's death, he was pleased to say, He would be a husband to her, a father to her children ; and he performed his promise. The dutchess was then great with child, and the king said, He would be fpdfather : Francis earl of Rutland, the child's grandfather, was the other, 'hey complimented who should give the name. The king named him Francis, and the grandfather gave him his benediction, seven thousand pounds a year. The duke and his brother, Francis, were bred up by king Charles,* *Soin tkt with his own children, the same tutors and governors. orig. They were sent to Trinity College in Cambridge, their names entered in the college-book the same year with prince Charles. Here the duke became acquainted with two excellent men, Mr. Ab. Cowley, and Mr. Martin Clifford, whom he loved eler after, and they as faithfully and affectionately served him. [To these two a third was added afterwards, who had an equal share with them in his affection, his domestic chaplain ; and it was a good argument of his own wit and judgment, and good t/ the orig. tature, that he knew how to value a man who had all these this sentence and other good qualities to recommend him.t] is interlined. From hence they went to the king at Oxford, laying their lives and fortunes at his feet, as a testimony of their loyalty and gratitude, worthy to be im- printed in the memory of the royal family. This they did, not in words and compliments ; for they lost their estates, and one of them, soon after, his life. At Oxford they chose two good tutors to enter them in the war, prince Rupert and my lord Gerard ; and went with them into very sharp service : the storming of the close at Litchfield. At their return to Oxford, the dutchess, their mother, was very angry with my lord Gerard, for tempting her sons into such danger ; but he told her, it was their own inclination, and the more danger the more honour. For this the parliament seized on their estates, but by a rare example of their compassion, restored it again in consideration of their nonage : but the young men kept it no longer than till they came to be at age to forfeit it again. About this time their mother married the marquis of Antrim, and thereby offended the king, and ruined herself. They were now committed to the care of the earl of Northumberland, and were sent to travel in France and Italy, where they lived in as great state as some of those sovereign princes. Florence and Rome were the places of their residence, and they brought their religion home again, wherein they had been educated under the eye of the most devout and best of kings. The cluke did not, as his predecessor, in the title of Lord Ross, had done before him, who changed his religion at Rome, and left his tutor, Mr. Mole, in the inquisition, for having translated king James's book, his admonition to princes, into latin ; and Du Plefjfis Morney's book of the mass into english. Their return into England was in so critical a time, as if they had now Qhosen the last opportunity, as they had done the first, of venturing all in tie king's service. In the year 1648 the king was a prisoner in the isle of Wight, and his friends ia several parts of England designing to "Rnew the war ; duke Hamilton IB GEORGE VILLICRS, Second Duke of Buckingham. 5 Scotland, the earl of Holland and others in Surry, Goring in Kent, niary ia London and Essex, and these were the last efforts of the ilying cause. The duke and brother, my lord Francis, in the heat of their courage, Jtigaged with the earl of Holland : and were the first that took the field about Rygate in Surry. The parliament, with their old army, knew all these designs, and despised them ; till they grew so numerous in Kent, that the general himself was sent to suppress them, who found sharp service in storming of Maidstone, and t-iking of Colchester. Some troops of horse were sent, under the command of colonel Gibbons, to suppress them in Surry ; and they drove my lord of Holland before them to Kingston, but engaged his party before they got thither, near Nonsuch, and defeated them. My lord Francis, at the head of his troop having his horse slain under him, got to an oak tree in the high way about two miles from Kingston, where he stood with his back against it, defending himself, scorning to ask quarter, and they barbarously refusing to give it ; till, with nine wounds in his beau- tiful face and body, he was slain. The oak tree is his monument, and has the two first letters of his name F. V. cut in it to this day. Thus died this noble, valiant, and beautiful youth, in the twentieth year of his age. A few days before his death, when he left London, he ordered his steward, Mr. John May, to bring him in a list of his debts, and he so charged his estate with them, that the parliament, who seized on the estate, payed his debts. St: yilth'< is a pity should be buried with him : Qui vicesiipj aetatis aiuso Depositum Pro rege Carolo Illustrissimi domini Et patria Francisci Villiers Fortier pugnando Ingentis specie juvenis Novem honestis vulnerib\!S acceptis Filii posthumi Georgii Obiit vii die Julii Ducis Buckinghamii Anno Domino 1648. The body of the illustrious lord Francis Villiers, a most beautiful youth, the posthumous son of George duke of Buckingham, who, in the 2oth year of his age, fighting valiantly for king Charles and his country, having nine honourable wounds, died the ?th of July, 1648. The duke, after the loss of his brother, hardly escaped with his life to St. Needs, whither also came the earl of Holland, who was there taken, and soon after beheaded. The duke, the next morning finding the house where he lay surrounded, and a troop of horse drawn up before the gate, had time with his servants to get to horse, and then causing the gate to be opened, he charged the enomy, and killed the officer at the head of them, and made his escape to the sea-side, and to prince Charles who was in the Downs with those ships that had deserted the earl of Warwick. And now again the parliament gave him forty days time to return to Eng- land, but he refused, and chose rather to stay with the prince, who was soon after king Charles the Second, and to follow him in his exile. The parliament seized on his estate, the greatest of any subject in England, having now his brother's estate fallen to him ; the yearly value was above ^25,000. It happened that the manor of Helmesly, which was his brother's, was given to my lord Fairfax, with York-house in the Strand, for part of his arrears, and this fortunately came to him by his marrying my lord Fairfax's daughter. All that he had to live on beyond sea was the money he got at Antwerp for his pictures, which were part of that costly and curious collection his either got together from Italy, by the help of Sir Henry Wotton and others, r hich adorned York-house, to the admiration of all men of judgment in pic- tures: A note of their names and dimensions is all that is now left of th'.-in. i u Ecce Homo of Titian was valued at .5000 being the figure of ail the 6 BRIAN FAIRFAX'S Memoirs of tbe Life of great persons in his time. The arch-duke bought it, and it is now in tie castle of Prague. These pictures were secured and sent to him by his old trusty servant, Mr. John Trayleman, who lived in York-house. The king resolving to go into Scotland, the duke attended him, and now again the parliament offered him to compound for his estate for .20,000, which was less than a year's value ; but he chose to run the king's fortune in Scotland, worse than exile, came with him out of Scotland into England : and at Worcester his escape was almost as miraculous as the king's in the royal oak. He escaped again into France, and went a voluntier into the French army, and was much regarded by all the great officers, signalizing his courage at the siege of Arras and Valenciennes. When he came to the English court, which was but seldom, the king was always glad to see him. lie loved his person and his company ; but the great men about him desired rather his room than his company. There now happened a great turn in the course of his life. My lord Fairfax had part of his estate, about .5000 per ann. allotted him by the par- liament towards the payment of his arrears due to him as general, and he remitted more than would have purchased a greater estate. They gave him the manner of Helmesly, the seat of the noble family of Rutland in York- shire, as a salve for the wound he received there, being shot through the body. They gave him also York-house in London, which was also the duke's. The duke heard how kind and generous my lord Fairfax was to the countess of Derby, in paying all the rents of the Isle of Man, which the par- liament had also assigned to him for his arrears, into her own hands, and she confessed it was more than all her servants before had done. The duke had reason to hope my lord had the same inclinations as to this estate of his, which he never accounted his own, and the duke wanted it as much as the countess. He was not deceived in his hopes, for my lord Fairfax wished only for an opportunity of doing it. He lived in York-house, where every chamber was adorned with the arms of Villiers and Manners, lions and peacocks. He was descended from the same ancestors, earls of Rutland. Sir Guy Fairfax his two sons having married two of the daughters of the earl of Rutland ; which my lord took frequent occasion to remember. The duke resolved to try his fortune, which had hitherto been adverse enough, and he had some revenge on her, by his translation of the ode in Horace Fortuna. saevis Iceta ncgotiis. Over he came into England, to make love to his only daughter, a most virtuous and amiable lady. He found a friend to propose it, and I think it was Mr. Robert Harlow. The parents consented, and the young lady could not resist his charms, being the most graceful and beautiful person that any court in Europe ever saw, &c. All his trouble in wooing was, He came, saw, and conquered. When he came into England he was not sure either of life or liberty. He was an outlaw, and had not made his peace with Cromwell, who would have forbid the banns ifyhe had known of his coming over. He had a greater share of his estate, had daughters to marry, and would not have liked such a con- junction of Mars and Mercury, as was in this alliance ; knowing my lord's affections to the royal family, which did afterwards produce good effects towards its restoration. They were married at Nun-Appleton, six miles from York, Sept. 7, 1657, a new and noble house built by my lord Fairfax, and where he kept as noble hospitality. His friend, Ab. Cowley, wrote an epithalamium, now printed. When Cromwell heard of it, he rested not till he had him in the tower, and would have brought him to Tower-hill had he lived a fortnight longer. He had liberty given him to be at York-house with his lady ; but going to Cobham to see his sister, he was taken, and sent to the tower. This so angered my lord Fairfax that he went to Whitehall to the protector, and expostulated the case so as it put him into great passion, turning abruptly from him in the gallery at Whitehall, cocking his hat, and ( | , . - f throwing Lis cloak under his arm. || as he used to do when he * was angry. Thus I saw him take his last leave of his old acquaintance, Cromwell, whose servants expected he would be sent to bear the duke company U the towet the next morning, but the protector was wiser in his paision. GRORGE VILLIERS, Second Duke of Buckingham. 7 I carried the duke the news of the protector's death, and he had then leave to be a prisoner at Windsor castle, where his friend Ab. Cowley was his constant companion. Richard Cromwell scon after abdicated, and then hit liberty came of course. This was the happiest time of all the duke's life, when he went to his father- in-law's house at Appleton, and there lived orderly and decently with his own wife, where he neither wanted, nor so abounded as to be tempted to any sort of extravagance, as he was after when he came to possess his whole estate. He now understood the meaning of that paradox, Dimidium plus toto, wit.i which he used to pose young scholars ; and found by experience, that the half or third part of his own estate which he now enjoyed, was more than the whole which he had at the king and his restauration. Now he lived a most regular life, no courtships but to his own wife, not so much as to his after-beloved and costly mistress, the philosopher's stone. My lord Fairfax was much pleased with his company, and to see him so conformable to the orders and good government of the family. If they had any plots together, they were to the best purposes, the restoration of the t iyal family. My lord Fairfax's maxims in politicks was, that the old veteran army which he had commanded, was not to be beaten by any new rais'd force in England ; and that the king's friends shewed more affection than discretion in their plots, to restore them while they were united : and that this old army would never be beaten but by itself ; as the event shewed, when Lambert and Monk divided them. But the most fatal influence of this opinion in my lord Fairfax was the night before the thirtieth of January, when some of his friends proposed to him to attempt the next day to rescue the king, telling him that twenty thousand men were ready to join with him ; he said, he was ready to venture his own life, but not the lives of others against the army now united against them. The same appeared in the insurrection of sir George Booth, which Lambert, with a brigade of this old army, did so easily suppress ; the success whereof inspired him with the ambition of imitating Cromwell, in dissolving the par- liament, and making himself protector. The duke had given sufficient testimony of his loyalty, and my lord Fairfax of his affection and desire to see the royal family restored ; and now was the time of doing it. General Monk in Scotland declared against Lambert, who marched against him with a strong body of horse. My lord Fairfax, and the duke with him, declared for Monk in Yorkshire ; but the duke was obliged to withdraw, because his presence gave a jealousy, that the design was to bring in the king, which was too soon to be owned. What the event was is well known. I shall only repeat the duke's wordd in an expostulatory letter to king Charles some years after. "As to your majesty's return into England, I may justly pretend to soui* thare ; since without my lord Fairfax his engaging in Yorkshire, Lambert's army had never c-iltied him, nor the duke of Albemarle marched out of Scotland." The king's restoration, vohienda dies en attulit ultra, restored the duke to his estate, but such a train of expence with it, as brought him acquainted with bankers and scriveners, that infested it with the gangreen of usury, which it never recovered. At the king's coronation no subject appeared in greater splendor. None kept greater hospitality than he did at Wallingford-house, especially for the French nobility that came over. This engaged him in play, which had he continued, his estate had not lasted so long ; but he resolved to give it over, and kept his resolution ever after. He was moderate in all his expences, his table, stable, laboratory. All the king's favours to him were occasions of great expence. His lord lieutenancy in Yorkshire cost him more than it did all that succeeded him. The master of the horses cost him twenty thousand pounds to the duke of Albemarle. His embassies into France and Holland cost him more than a diamond ring could recompense: that into Holland (setting aside the politick part of it ( Wing i consequence of that into France. 8 BRIAN FAIRFAX'S Memoirs of the Life of We took barge at Whitehall, June 1673, and lay thnt night on board the English admiral at the baoy in the Nore, the king and duke being there. 1'he next night we came to anchor in our yacht in the Dutch fleet on the coast of Holland. The next night we were entertained by the states in the Hague. The next night we supp'd with the prince of Orange at his camp at Bodegrave. Next night with the king of France at Utrecht, where we staid two or three days, and then march'd back with him at the head of his army to Arnheim, where we visited the prince de Cpnde, who lay ill there of a wound in his arm, which he got passing the Rhine at Tolhur, and Marshal Turin. Thence we went with the king to Nimeguen, Grav*, Boxtell, and there we parted. The king went to Paris, and we into the Spanish dominions, to Antwerp, Brussels, Bruges, Ghent, Dunkirk, and Calais ; where our yachts stayed for us, and we came to Dover, Canterbury, London ; where we arrived the day month that we left it. He was sent ambassador into France, where he was highly carressed by the king, and many of the nobility his old acquaintance. This was before the other into Holland. At his return he was chosen chancellor of the university of Cambridge, and entertained them nobly at York-house, where his father had done it on the same occasion forty years before. He now seemed to be setting up for a favourite, but he wanted his father's diligence, which fitted him to stand before princes. He fell into a new way of expence in building, in that sort of architecture which Cicero calls, Insance substructiones ; and himself, when his friends dissuaded him from it, called it his folly. The world has been severe in censuring his foibles, but not so just in noting his good qualities. For his person, he was the glory of the age and any court wherever he came. Of a most graceful and charming mien and behaviour ; a strong, tall and active body, all which gave a lustre to the ornaments of his mind ; of an admirable wit and excellent judgment ; and had all other qualities of a gen- tleman. He was courteous and affable to all ; of a compassionate nature : ready to forgive and forget injuries. What was said of a great man in the court of queen Elizabeth, that he used to vent his discontents at court by writing from company, and writing sonnetts, may be said of him ; but when he was provoked by the malice of some and ingratitude of others, he might shew that a good natured man might have an ill natured muse. He gave a good instance of his readiness to forgive injuries. When a con- siderable man at court did him an injury, which he was fearful he would re- sent, he desired a friend to mediate for him, and endeavour a reconciliation, which he undertook. The duke to!d him that he did not remember he had ever injured him, if he had he freely forgave him. His charitable disposition he seemed to inherit from his grandfather, Francis earl of Rutland, who used every quarter day at London to send his steward with bags of money to several prisons to relieve prisoners and pay their debts, bidding them thank God, and pray for their benefactor, but not telling them who it was. He was a man of great courage and presence of mind in danger. One in- stance of it was when a melancholy-mad servant assaulted him with a drawn sword in his hand when he was at supper, and he with a knife disarmed him. The man was afterwards hanged for saying he would do it to the king. The character which Sir Henry Wotton gives of his father might be said of tim, viz. "Among all the favourites which mine eyes have beheld in divers court* nd times, I never saw before a strong heart and eminent condition sc clearly void of all pride and shocking arrogance either in his face or in his fashion." It is to be wished the rest of his father's character had been as true of him ; his diligence and application to business, and that he had left his few honest servants in as good fortune as reputation, who never wronged him in kis estate, nor flattered him in his faults, and thought they escaped well in aot being oppressed under the ruins of his fortune. JWhen he first began to settle his family he desired his old In the orison- hinds, A[braham] Cowley and M[artin] Clifford] to recom- al ikis /Wa- GEORGE VILLIERS, Second Duke of Buckingham. 9 mend to him a domestick chaplain. They knew how hard graph is ivrit- it was to please him ; he must be a man of learning, wit, ten on a side of good nature, good manners, a graceful person and decent paper, tacked 1 ehaviour. They found one [T. Sprat, afterwards Bp. of to the other Rochester. See W. OldysMS. note to G. Langbaine\ to their by a -wafer, own mind, and to his ; whom he valued as a friend, and and is referred loved as a companion ; who lived to be an ornament to the to by a mark. church among those of the highest order. He brought the ' Tis written juke acquainted with another excellent person, whose in the same friendship and conversation he much coveted, and wished hand. he could have more of it, who attained afterwards to the highest dignity in the church, and with a lawyer as eminent in his pro- fession : so that his father was not more happy in the choice of a few friends and servants than he was, if he had followed their advice. He saw and approved the best, but did too often deteriora seyui.] His father had two crimes objected against him which he was not guilty of ; plurality of offices, and preferring his relations. The faults objected against him were, that he loved women, and spent his estate. His estate was his own. He had often lost it for the king, and might now be allowed to enjoy it himself. If he wasyai profusus, he never was alieni appetens. If he was extravagant in spending, he was just in paying his debts, and at his death charged his debts on his estate, leaving much more than enough to pay them. " If he was a grievance, as he told the house of commons, he was the cheapest to the public that ever was complained of." He had no children by his dutchess, nor heirs capable of inheriting his estate or title. His amours were too notorious to be concealed, and too scandalous to be justified, by saying he was bred in the latitude of foreign climates, and now lived in a vicious age and court ; where his accusers of this crime were as guilty as himself. He lay under so ill a name for this, that whenever he was shut up in his chamber, as he loved to be, nescio quid, or in his laboratory, ineditans purgarum, over the fumes of charcoal, it was said to be with Nvomen. When a dirty chymist, a foxhunter, a pretender to poetry or politicks, a rehearsal should entertain him, when a messenger to summon him to council could not be admitted. This is true of him, that of all the noise made of his loving women, he never had so much as a bastard laid to his charge, that he or any body else believed to be his own. Some pretended to love his person, but it was his estate, which smarted for it. It is hard to tell by his expence which was his favourite pleasure, I think, his chymistry at home, and fox-hunting abroad. I will conclude his character with saying, that if human frailty will not ex- cuse these faults, let Christian charity oblige us to hope, that as God gave him time, he gave him also the grace of true repentance. We are now come to the last scene of the tragi-comedy of his life. At the death of king Charles he went into the country to his own manor of Helmesly, the seat of the earls of Rutland in Yorkshire. King Charles was his best friend, he loved him and excused his faults. He was not so well assured of his successor. In the country he passed his time in hunting, and entertain- ing his friends ; which he did a fortnight before his death as pleasantly and a lordship of his own, near Helmesly, Ap. 16, 1688 ; aetat. 60. The day before his death he sent to las old servant Mr. Brian Fairfax, to desire him to provide him a bed at his house at Bishop-hill at York, but the next morning the same man returned with the news that his life was des- paired of. Mr. Fairfax went post, but before he got to him he was speech- less. The earl of Arran, son to duke Hamilton, was with him ; who, hearing he was sick, visited him in his way to Scotland. When Mr. Fairfax came, the duke knew him, look'd earnestly at him, and held him by the hand, but could not speak. Mr. Fairfax ask'd a gentleman there present, a justice of peace, and a worthy discreet man in the neigh- b mrhood, what he had said or done before he became speechless. He toid io Other Characters of me some questions had been asked him about his estate, to which he gave CO answer. Then he was admonished of the danger he was in, which he seemed not to apprehend ; he was ask'd, if he would have the minister of the parish sent for to pray with him, to which he gave no answer ; which made another question be asked, If he would have a popish priest ; to which he answered with great vehemence, no, no ! repeating the words, He would have nothing to do with them. Then the aforesaid gentleman, Mr. Gibson, ask'd him again if he would have the minister sent for, and he calmly answered, Yes, pray send for him. This was the morning and he died that night. The minister came, and did the office required by the church ; the duke devoutly attending it, and received the sacrament, and an hour after became speechless ; but appearing sensible, we had the prayers of the church repeated by his bed-side, recommending him to the mercy of God, through the merits of Jesus Christ. Thus he died quietly in his bed, the fate of few of his predecessors in the title of Buckingham. His body was embalmed and brought to Westminster- abbey, and there laid in the vault with his father and brothers, in Hen. the VI Ith's chapel. Mary dutchess of Buckingham was the only daughter of Thomas lord Fairfax, and Ann, the daughter of Horace Lord Vere. A most virtuous and pious lady, in a vitious age and court. If she had any of the vanities, she had certainly nuue of the vices of it. The duke and she lived lovingly and decently together ; she patiently bearing with those faults in him which she could not remedy. She survived him many years, and died near St. James at Westminster, and was buried in the vault of the family of Villiers, in Hen. Vllth's chapel, anno 1705. astat. 66. 2. The following, in grisly contrast to Fairfax's account, comes from Lord PETERBOROUGH. The witty Duke of Buckingham was an extreme bad man. His duel with Lord Shrewsbury was concerted between him and Lady Shrewsbury. All that morning she was trembling for her gallant, and w ishing the death of her husband ; and, after his fall, 'tis said the duke slept with her in his bloody shirt. Spenre's Anecdotes, Malone's Edition, 1820, p. 164. 3. Bp. G. BURNET, in his History of my own Times, gives this character : He had a great liveliness of wit, and a peculiar faculty of turning all things into ridicule with bold figures and natural descriptions. He had no sort of literature : Only he was drawn into chymistry : And for some years he thought he was very near the finding the philosopher's stone : which had the effect that attends on all such men as he was, when they are drawn in, to lay out for it. He had no principles of religion, vertue, or friendship. Pleasure, frolick, or extravagant diversion was all that he laid to heart. He was true to nothing, for he was not true to himself. He had no steadiness nor conduct. He could keep no secret, nor execute any design without spoiling it. He could never fix his thoughts, nor govern his estate, tho' then the greatest w\ England. He was bred about the King : And for many years he had a great ascendent over him : But he spake of him to all persons with that contemptj that at last he drew a lasting disgrace upon himself. And he at length ruined both body and mind, fortune and reputation equally. The madness of vice appeared in his person in very eminent instances ; since at last he became contemptible and poor, sickly, and sunk in his parts, as well as in all other respects, so that his conversation was as much avoided as ever it had been courted. He found the King, when he came from his travels in the year 45, newly come to Paris, sent over by his father when his affairs declined : And finding the King enough inclined to receive ill impressions, he, who was then got into all the impieties and vices of the age, set himself to corrupt the King, in which he was too successful, being seconded in that wicked design by the Lord Percy. And to compleat the matter, Hobbs was brought to him, under the pretence of instructing him in mathematicks : And he laid before him his schemes, both with relation to religion and politicks, which made deep and lasting impressions on the King's mind. So that the main blame of the King's ill principles, and bad morals, was owing to the Duke of Biickingha m. i. 100. Ed. 1724. (. Count GRAMMONT, in his Memoirs, thus sketches him about the year 1663. GEORGE VILLIERS, Duke of BUCKINGHAM. n At this time the king's attachment to Miss Stewart [afterwards privately married to the Duke of Richmond, which marriage was publicly declared in Apr. 1667] was so public, that every person perceived, that if she was but possessed of art, she might become as absolute a mistress over his conduct as she was over his heart. This was a fine opportunity for those who had expe- rience and ambition. The Duke of Buckingham formed the design of govern- ing her in order to ingratiate himself with the king ; God knows what a governor he would have been, and what a head he was possessed of, to guide another ; however, he was the properest man in the world to insinuate him- self with Miss Stewart ; she was childish in her behaviour, and laughed at every thing, and her taste for frivolous amusements, though unaffected, was only allowable in a girl about twelve or thirteen years old. A child, however, she was, in every other respect, except playing with a doll : blind-man's buff was her most favourite amusement ; she was building castles of cards, while the deepest play was going on in her apartments, where you saw her sur- rounded by eager courtiers, who handed her the cards, or young architects, who endeavoured to imitate her. She had, however, a passion for music, and had some taste for singing. The Duke of Buckingham, who built the finest towers of cards imaginable, had an agreeable voice : she had no aversion to scandal ; he made songs, and invented old women's stories with which she was delighted ; but his par- ticular talent consisted in turning into ridicule whatever was ridiculous in other people, and in taking them off, even in their presence, without their perceiving it. In short, he knew how to act all parts, with so much grace and pleasantry, that it was difficult to do without him, when he had a mind to make himself agreeable ; and he made himself so necessary to Miss Stewart 'i amusement, that she sent all over the town to seek for him, when he did not attend the king to her apartments. He was extremely handsome, and still thought himself much more so than he really was ; although he had a great deal of discernment ; yet his vanity made him mistake some civilities as intended for his person, which were only bestowed on his wit and drollery. //. 141-2. Ed. 1846. 5. S AMUEL BUTLER, Author of Hudibras,m a collection of Characters chiefly written between 1667 and 1669, in Wales ; but first printed by R. Thyer, in Genuine Remains, in 1739, has the followingone, entitled -<4 Duke of Bucks. Is one that has studied the whole Body of Vice. His Parts are dispropor- tionate to the whole, and like a Monster he has more of some, and less of others than he should have. He has pulled down all that Fabric that Nature raised in him, and built himself up again after a Model of his own. He has dam'd up all those Lights, that Nature made into the noblest Prospects of the World, and opened other little blind Loopholes backward, by turning Day into Night, and Night into Day. His Appetite to his Pleasures is dis- eased and crazy, like the Pica in a Woman, that longs to eat that, which was never made tor Food, or a Girl in the Green-sickness, that eats Chalk and Mortar. Perpetual Surfeits of Pleasure hive filled his Mind with bad and vicious Humours (as well as his Body with a Nursery of Diseases) which makes him affect new and extravagant Ways, as being sick and tired with the Old. Continual Wine, Women, and Music put false Values upon Things, which by Custom become habitual, and debauch his Understanding so, that ht retains no right Notion nor Sense of Things. And as the same Dose of the same Physic has no Operation on those, that are much used to it ; so his Pleasures require a larger Proportion of Excess and Variety, to render him sensible of them. He rises, eats, and goes to Bed by the Julian Account, long after all others that go by the new Stile ; and keeps the same Hours with Owls and the Antipodes. He is a great Observer of the Tar- tars Customs, and never eats, till the great Cham having dined makes Pro- clamation, that all the World may go to Dinner. He does not dwell in his House, but haunt[s] it, like an evil Spirit, that walks all Night to disturb the Family, and never appears by Day. He lives perpetually benighted, runs out of his Life, and loses his Time, as Men do their Ways in the Dark ; and as blind Men are led by their Dogs, so is he governed by some mean Servant or other, that relates to his Pleasures. He is as inconstant as the Moon, which lie lives under; and altho' he does nothing but advise with his Pillow 12 Other Characters of G. VILLIERS, Duke of Buckingham. all Day, he is as great a Stranger to himself, as he is to the rest of the World. His Mind entertains all Things very freely, that come and go ; hut, like Guests and Strangers they are not welcome, if they stay long This lays him open to all Cheats, Quacks, and Impostors, who apply to every particu- lar Humour while it lasts, and afterwards vanish. Thus with St. Paul, tho' in a different sense, he dies daily, and only lives in the Night. He deforms !N ature, while he intends to adorn her, like Indians, that hang Jewels in their Lips and Noses. His Ears are perpetually drilled with a Fiddlestick. He endures Pleasures with less Patience, than other Men do their Pains, ii. 72 5. 6. DRYDEN published anonymously, on iyth November, 1681, the first part of Absalom and Achitophel (which went through five editions in two years) in which he gives the following character of Buckingham : Such were the tools ; but a whole Hydra more Remains, of sprouting heads too long, to score. Some of their Chiefs were Princes of the Land In the first Rank of these did Zimri stand : A man so various, that he seem'd to be Not one, but all Mankinds Epitome. Stiff in Opinions, always in the wrong ; Was every thing by starts, and nothing long: But, in the course of one revolving Moon, Was Chymist, Fidler, States-Man, and Buffoon : Then all for Women, Painting, Rhiming, Drinking ; Besides ten thousand freaks that dy'd in thinking. Blest Madman, who coud every hour employ ! With something New to wish, or to enjoy ! Rayling and praising were his usual Theams ; And both (to shew his Judgment) in Extreams : So over Violent, or over Civil, That every man, with him, was God or Devil. In squandring Wealth was his peculiar Art : Nothing went unrewarded, but Desert. Begger'd by Fools, whom still he found too late : He had his Jest, and they had his Estate. He laught himself from Court, then sought Relief By forming Parties, but coud ne're be Chief: For, spight of him, the weight of Business fell On Absalom and his wise Ackitophel: Thus, wicked but in will, of means bereft, He left not Faction, but of that was left. Dryden, writing after Buckingham was dead and buried his Dedication [the subject of which is the Origin and Progress of Satire] to the Satires oj Juvenal, London, fol. 1693, gives his own opinion of this sketch : How easie it is to call Rogue and Villain, and that wittily? But how hard to make a Man appear a Fool, a Blockhead, or a Knave, without using any of those opprobrious terms? To spare the grossness of the Names, and to do the thing yet more severely. . . . This is the Mystery of that Noble Trade ; which yet no Master can teach to his Apprentice : He may give the Rules, but the Scholar is never the nearer in his practice. Neither is it true, that this fineness of Raillery is offensive. A witty Man is tickl'd while he is hurt in this manner ; and a Fool feels it not. The occasion of an Offence may possibly be given, but he cannot take it. ... I wish I cou'd apply it to my self, if the Reader wou'd be kind enough to think it belongs to me. The Character of Zimri in my Absalom, is, in my Opinion, worth the whole I'oem : 'Tis not bloody, but 'tis ridiculous enough. And he for whom it was intended, was too witty to resent it as an injury. If I had rail'd, I might have suffer'd for it justly : But I manag'd my own Work more happily, per- haps more dextrously. I avoided the mention of great Crimes, and apply'd my self to the representing of Blind-sides, and little Extravagancies. To which, the wittier a Man is, he is generally the more obnoxious. It suc- ceeded as I wish'd ; the Jest went round, and he was laught at in his hj-a wK^ bejjan the Froliclc /. xlti. THE REHEARSAL. INTRODUCTION. jjN the year 1708, was publifhed in London, Rofcius Ariglicanus, or an Hiflorical Re- view of the Sfage, by JOHN DOWNES. In a prefatory Addrefs ' To the Reader,' he gives the following account of himfelf : The Editor of the enfuing Relation, being long Converfant with the Plays and Actors of the Original Company, under the I 'atent of Sir William Djvenant, at his Theatre in Lincohis- f fin-Fields, Open'd there 1662. And as Book keeper and Prompter, continu'd fo, till Oftober 1706. lie Writing out all the Parts in each Play ; and Attending every Morning the Actors Rehearfals, and their Performances in Afternoons ; Emboldens him to affirm, he is not very Erronious in his Relation. But as to the Actors of Dmry-Lane Company, under Mr. Thomas Killigrcw, he having the Account from Mr. Charles Booth fometimes Book-keeper there ; If he a little Deviates, as to the SuccelTive Order, and exact time of their Plays Performances, lie begs Pardon of the Reader, and Subfcribes himfelf, His very Humble Servant. John Downes. He then proceeds to give an account of the two companies, their members, plays, &c., of which the following are fome of the more elTential portions : In the Reign of King Charles the Firfl, there were Six Play Houfes allow'd in Town : The Black-Fryars Company, His Majefty's Servants ; The Bull in St. John' s-Jireet ; another in Salisbury Court ; another call'd the Fortune ; another at the Globe ; and the Sixth at the Cock-Pit in Drury-Lane ; all which continu'd Acting till the beginning of the faid Civil Wars. The fcattered Remnant of feveral of thefe Houfes, upon King Charles'?, Refloration, Fram'd a Company who Acted again at the Bull, and Built them a new Houfe in Gibbon's Tennis Court in Clare-Market ; in which Two Places they continu'd Acting all 1660, 1 66 1, 1662 and part of 1663. In this time they Built them a New Theatre in Drury Lane : Mr. Thomas fCilligrew gaining a Patent from the King in order to Create them the King's Servants ; and from that time, they call'd themfelves his Majcfly's Company of Comedians in Drury Lane. . . . The Company being thus Compleat, they open'd the New Theatre in Dntry-Lane, on Thurfday in Eafter Week, being the 8th, Day 1663. With The Humorous Lieutenant. * 14 Introdiifiion. Many others [i.e. Plays] were Acted by the Old Company at the Theatre Royal, from the time they begun, till the Patent defcended to Mr. Charles Killigre*i.v, which in 1682, he join'd it to Dr. Davenanf's, Patent, whofe Company Acted then in Dorset Garden, which upon the Union, were Created the King's Com- pany : After which, Mr. Hart Acted no more, having a Pennon to the Day of his Death, from the United Company.* Next follows an Account of the Rife and Progreflion, of the Dukes Servants ; under the Patent of Sir William Davenant who upon the faid Junction in 1682, remov'd to the Theatre Royal in Drury-Lane, and Created the King's Company. In the Year 1659, General Monk, Marching then his Army out of Scotland to London. Mr. Rhodes a Bookfeller being Wardrobe-Keeper formerly (as I am inform'd) to King Charles the Firft's, Company of Comedians in Black-Friars ; getting a Licenfe from the then Governing State, fitted up a Houfe then for Acting call'd the Cock Pit in Drury-Lane, and in a fhort time Compleated his Company, f In this Interim, Sir William Davenant gain'd a Patent from the King, and Created Mr. Betterton and all the reft of Rhodes'* Company, the King's Servants ; who were Sworn by my Lord Manchejler then Lord Chamberlain, to Serve his Royal Highnefs the Duke of York, at the Theatre in Lincoln' s-Inn Fields. * . . . His Company being now Compleat, Sir William in order to prepare Plays to Open his Theatre, it being then a Building in Lincoln s-Inn Fields, His Company Rehears'd the Firft and Second Part of 'The Siege of Rhodes' 1 ; and 'The Wits' at Pothecaries-Hall: And in Spring 1662, Open'd his Houfe with the faid Plays, having new Scenes and Decorations, being the fiiil that e're were Introduc'd in England. .... Thefe being all the Principal, which we call'd Stock-Plays ; that were Afted from the Time they Open'd the Theatre in 1662, to the beginning of May 1665, at which time the Plague began to Rage: The Company ceas'd Afiing; till the Chrijl- mafs after the Fire in 1 666. || .... The new Theatre in Dorfet-Garden being Finifii'd, and our Company after Sir Willianfs [Davenant] Death, being under the Rule and Dominion of his Widow the Lady Davenant, Mr Betterton, and Mr Harris, (Mr Charles Davenanlher Son Afting for her) they remov'd from Lincolns-Inn-Fields thither. And on the Ninth Day of November 1671, they open'd their new Theatre with Sir Martin Afarral.^ .... All the preceding Plays, being the cheife that were Afted in Dorfet- Garden, from November 1671, to the Year 1682 ; at which time the Patentees of each Company United Patents, and by fo In- corporating the Duke's Company were made the King's Company, and immediately remov'd to the Theatre Royal in Drury- Lane. ** p. 16. tp.i7. Jp. IQ. p. ao. || p. 26. 5 P. 31- " Itdroduttion. \ 5 Such is the hiflory, by an eye-\vitnefs, of the London flage foon after the Refloration. The then general flate of fociety and town life is defcribed in the third chapter of Lord Macaulay's Hi/lory of England, At prefent we have only to deal with one particular fafhion of dramatic compofition. the new, grandiloquent, bombaflic, pfeudo-heroic plays, introduced by D'Avenant, and having for their mafter-writer Dryden. It is impoffible here to meafure the extravagance of thefe plays : fomewhat, however, may be gathered from the Illuftrations to the prefent work. Affociated with this was the inordinate ufe of rhym- ing verfe. Dryden in early life fought the battle of rhyme againfl Sir Robert Howard ; only afler.vards publicly to abandon it, in his Lines to the Earl of Rofcommon, in 1680. To ridicule thefe rhyming mouthing plays and with not a little personality after the common cuftom of that time to attack their authors, were the chief objects of Villiers and his coadjutors in writing The Rehearfal. Its merit however is as much in its con- ception as in its execution : in feeing that the popular rant was rant, and in determining to expofe it : as in writing the ftudied nonfenfe of which this play is fo largely compofed. Hence, the importance of The Rehearfal in our national literature, is not fo much from its intrinfic merits, mofl laughable as are fome of the parodies; but from its marking defpite a partial failure to influence at the time a bend in the dream of dramatic compofition. Twofcholars,who havewell fludied this portionof our literary hiftory, give the following accounts of this play. EDMOND MALONE, in his Life of Dryden^ thus writes : The great fuccefs which had attended Dryden's heroick plays, doubtlefs excited the jealoufy of the rival candidates for fame. In this clafs, however, we cannot place Villiers, Duke of Buck- ingham, who was fo far from exercifmg his pen in any perform- ance of that kind, that he thought the loud applaufe which had 6ee bellowed for fome years on the rhyming tragedies produced 1 6 Introduction. by D'Avenant, Dryden, Stapylton, Howard, Killigrerr, ard others, much mifplaced, and refolved to correct the publick tafte by holding them up to ridicule. With this view, in con- junction, it is faid, with Martin Clifford, Matter of the Charter Houfe, Butler, Sprat, and others, he wrote the celebrated farcf entitled THE REHEARSAL. Some of the contemporary writer! have ftated, that it took up as much time as the Siege of Troy and with juftice exprefs their furprife, that fuch a combination of wits, and a period often years, fhould have been rcquifite for a work, which apparently a lefs numerous band could have produced without fuch mighty throws. In the Key to this piece, publifhed by a bookfeller in 1704, we are told, that it wai written, and ready for reprefentation, before the middle of the year 1665, and that Sir Robert Howard, under the name of Bilboa, was then intended to have been the hero of the fa xe. That fome interlude of this kind might have been thus early intended, is not improbable, but affuredly the original hero wa* not Howard, but D'Avenant ; not only on account of the name of Bilboa, which alludes to his military character, (for he was Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance under the Duke of New- caftle, in the Civil Wars,) but from the circumftance of the patch that in the courfe of the drama he is obliged to wear on his nofe ; which can relate to none but D'Avenant. Befides, he was a much more diftinguimed character, not only as Poet Laureate, but as fuperintendant of the Duke of York's Company of Come- dians, and the introducer of heroick plays on the Englifh ftige. The allufions to Sir Robert Howard's tragedies are fo few and inconfiderable, that he never could have been the author's prin- cipal object. As foon as it was refolved that Dryden fhould be the hero, an abundant use was made of his INDIAN EMPEROR and CONQUEST OF GRANADA ; yet the author was unwilling to lofe any of the ftrokes which were peculiarly levelled at D'Avenant, and thus the piece became a kind of patchwork. This lively farce was firft performed on the 7th of December, 1671, and was publifhed in the following year Much of the luccefs, doubtlefs, was owing to the mimickry employed, Dryden's drefs, and manner, and ufual expreffions, were ali minutely copied, and the Duke of Buckingham took incredible pains in teaching Lacy, the original performer of Bayes, to fpeak fome paffages of that part, in thefe he probably imitated Dryden's mode of recitation, which was by no means excellent. * A more recent editor, Mr. ROBERT BELL in his Life cf Dryden prefixed to his Poetical Works, gives this account of the prefent play. Davenant enjoys the credit of having introduced what were called heroic plays. Dryden eftablifhed them. They were * Critical and Mit. Prose Work* ofj. Dryden, 1. 94100. Ed. 180* Introduction, r 7 called heroic becaufe they were written in a language elevated above nature, and exhibit paflion in a ftate of maniacal ecftafy. Thefe pieces had now held poffcffion of the ftage fome nine or ten years, when the Duke of Buckingham undertook to expofe their abfurdities in The Rehearfal, produced in the winter of 1671. It is faid that he was affifled in the defign by Butler, Sprat, Clifford, and others. This is probable enough, from the ftructure of the ridicule, which refembles a piece of mofaic work. Davenant was originally meant for the hero, but his recent death feems to have led to the fubftitution of Dryden, who was on other accounts a more confpicuous mark for this fort of fatire. Not fatisfied with parodying fome of the mod familiar paffages in Dryden's plays, the Duke of Buckingham took confiderable pains in teaching Lacy, who performed Bayes, to mimic his author in his manner of reciting them. Dryden was notorioufly a bad reader, and had a hefitating and tedious delivery, which, Ikilfully imitated in lines of furpafiing fury and extravagance, muft have produced an irrefiftible effect upon the audience. The humour was enhanced by the drefs, gefticulations, and by- play of the actor, which prefented a clofe imitation of his original. Dryden bore this unwarrantable attack in filence ; being fully conscious, no doubt, that fo far as it reflected upon his plays it was unanfwerable. But he afterwards mowed that he had a keen fenfe of the obligations the duke had laid him Tinder on this occafion, and he difcharged them in full, with compound intereft, in his Abfalom and Achitophel. The town was highly amufed, although its tafte was not in the lead degree corrected, by The Rehearfal, Heroic plays con- tinued to flourifh as long as Dryden continued to write them ; a drudgery which his neceffities impofed upon him for feveral years afterwards. . . . Milton died on the 8th of November, 1674. . . .f Five editions of The Rehearfal appeared in the Author's life time. Of the fecond and third I cannot learn even the dates. There is a copy of the fourth, 1683, in the Bodleian. An examination of the fifth, 1687, would feem to mow a general permanence of the text, but that, probably in each edition, there were here and there additions and alterations en bloc, infli- gated by the appearance of frefh heroic plays : fome of thefe additions increafe, with the multiplying cor- ruption of the times, in perfonality and moral offenfive- nefs. For our literary hiflory, the firft edition is fuffi- cient. That, the reader now has. A uno i. Ed. ofEng, Poets. *-f. Dryden, L 4043. Ed. 1654. B i8 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 'THE REHEARSAL.' * Editions not seen, t Editions having the ' Key ' either before or after the text. having the 'Key ' in footnotes. (a) Issues (n tfir auger's lifetime. I. Asa separate publication. 1. 1673. London, x vol. 4to. Editioprinceps: see title at p. a$. J?. T Second edition. 3. t Third edition. 4. '1683. London. I vol. 4tO. Fourth edition. There is a copy in Bod- leian Library. 5. 1687. London. I vol. 4to. Title as No. 1. 'The Fifth Edition with Amendments and large Additions by the Author.* (b) Issues since tjc autljor's Ccatl). I. A s a separate publication. 6. 1692. London. I vol. 410. Title as No. 1. The Sixth Edition. 1. 1701. London. I vol. 410. Title as No. 1. The Seventh Edition. 10- 1710. London. I vol. 8yo. ' The Rehearsal ' ; a Comedy Written by his Grace, GEORGE late Duke of BUCKINGHAM to expose some Plays then in vogue, and their Authors. With a Key and Remarks, necessary to Illustrate thr^ most material passages of this piece, and to point out the authors and Writings here exposed. Never Printed with it before. London Printed ki the year 1710. 13- t'735- London. rvol.Svo. 'The Rehearsal' &c. The Thirteenth Edition. 15- ti7SS- London. I vol. 8vo. ' The Rehearsal ' &c. The Fifteenth Edition. 16. 1768. London. ivol.Svo. 'The Rehearsal '&c. TheSeventeenthF.dition. With the new occasional Prologue, written by PAUL WHITEHEAD Esq. on opening Coveo: Garden Theatre, Sept the I4th 1767. 21. * Nov. 1868. London, i vol. 8vo. English Reprints. See title at page i. II. With other Works. 8. "1704. London. ? vols. 8vo. Works. First edition. 11. 1711-12. London. A Collection of 'the best English Plays. Chosen 10 vols; 8vo. out of all the best Authors. Printed for the Company of Booksellers. 'The Rehearsal' is in Vol. ii. 12. ti?i5 (1714)- London. The Dramatick works of his Grace George a vols. 8vo. Villiers, Late Duke of Buckingham. With his Mis- cellaneous Poems, Essays and Letters. Adorn'd with cuts. ' The Rehearsal ' is in Vol. n. 14. 1754. Edinburgh. Thegenuine Works of his Grace George Villiers i vol. izino. Duke of Buckingham Compleat. pp. 159-247. 17. 1787. London. Theatrical Magazine- ' The Rehearsal.' A ? i vol. 8vo. Comedy as it is actcil at the Theatres Royal in Drury Lane and Convent Garden. 18- I797- London. Bel? s British Theatre. ' The Rehearsal ' is in 34 vols. 8vo. Vol. 29. 19. ti76i-iCo8. An edition of Villiers' Works: prepared by * vols. 8vo. Bishop Percy, but never published. It was nearly all destroyed by fire in 1808. See pp. ' The Rehearsal,' and its ' Key,' are in Vol. I. 20. fiSxx. London. The Modern British Dratna. 'The Rehearsal* 5 vote. 8vo. is in Vol. 4. .'. This list isimperftct BTIU.TOGRAPHY. KEYS TO ' THE REHEARSAL.' 19 THERE is no authoritative explanation of the allusions and parodies in the present play. Ail that can be done is to summarize the successive attempts at its exposition. 1. Twenty jrears after its appearance, but in Dryden's life-time ; GERARD LANGBAINE gives this account of it, in his Eng. Dram. Potts. Oxenford. p. 546. Ed. 1691. Rehearsal, a Comedy acted at the Theatre-Royal ; printed [4th Edit.] quarto Land. 1683. This Play is ascribed to the Late Duke of Buckingham, and will ever be valued by Ingenious Men. There are some who pretend to furnish a Clavis to it ; my Talent not lying to Politicks, I know no more of it, than that the Author lashes several Plays of Mr. Dryden ; As Conquest of Granada, Tyrannick Love, Love in a Nunnery, and some passages of other Plays ; as The Siege of Rhodes, Virgin Widow, Slighted Maid, Villain, English Monsieur, &>c. 2. Dean LOCKIER in Spence's ANECDOTES, p. 63. Ed. 1820, remarks, The Rehearsal (one of the best pieces of criticism that ever was) and Butler's inimitable poem of Hudibras, must be quite lost to the readers in a century more, if not soon well commended. Tonson has a good Key to the former, but refuses to print it, because he had been so much obliged to Dryden. 3. Only two Keys have ever been printed : it may be well to consider their respective histories, before we take them in connection with the text. (a) In 1704, in the first edition of Villiers' works in 8vo, of which I cannot learn of any copy any where, appeared S. BRISCOE'S Key, which has been very often reprinted ; at first separate from the text in 1710, next with it as footnotes : see opposite page, (b) June 12, 1761. Bp. T. PERCY entered into an agreement with Mess. Ton- son, to publish an edition of the Works of George Villiers, the 2d Duke of Buckingham, for which he received 53 guineas. J. Nichols Lit. Ante. iS>tk Cent. Hi. 758. Ed. 1812. On 15 Jan. 1764, Bp. Percy thus writes to Dr. Birch. I ought to blush for having detained your books so long ; but one work has been delayed through the expectation of enlarging the stock of materials. The ' Key to the Rehearsal ' has long been printed off, all but the last sheet, which we still keep open to receive some additions that we take for granted will be picked up from a play of Edward Howard's, entitled ' Six Days Adventure, or the New Utopia, 410 1671," if we can once be so lucky as to light upon it. This is the onljr play of that age which I have not seen. Mr. Garrick unluckily has not got it in his collection, and Mr. Tonson has adver- tised a small premium for it, hitherto without success. It is only scarce because it is worthless ; and therefore, if chance should throw it in your way, may I intreat the favour of you to procure me a sight of it ? J . B. Nichols. ///. oj Lit. Hist. vii. 572. Ed. 1848. Twenty-eight years later ; Bp. Percy, thus writes to Horace Walpole, Earl of Orford, under date n Aug. 1792. I have at length been able to collect for your Lordship the sheets of Lord Surrey and the Duke of Buckingham. They have been printed oft about 85 years. Since the death of Jacob Tonson, at whose instance they were undertaken, and who ought to have assigned them to other persons, they have been wholly discontinued. My fondness for these pursuits declining, I laid both those works aside, till I could offer them to some younger editor than myself, who could with more propriety resume them. I have now an ingenious nephew, of both my names, who is a fellow of St. John's College, in Oxford, and both able and desirous to complete them. To him I have given all the sheets so long since printed off, and whatever papers I had upon the subject. Of the ' Duke of Buckingham ' Tonson wished to have every thing collected which had ever been ascribed to him : but I believe I shall only recommend to my nephew to publish what is numbered vol. I. in the sheets now offered to your Lordship. Between the ' Rehearsal ' and the ' Key ' were once printed the 'Chances' and the 'Restoration': but the intermediate sheets Lave beea cancelled and consigned to the trunk-makers. And the same fate 20 BIBLIOGRAPHY. KEYS TO 'THE REHEARSAL.' awaits the smaller pieces, collected into what is herewith numbered vol. n. They are only submitted to your Lordship in confidence, and I believe you will think them scarcely deserving republication. J. B. Nichols, Idem, viii.p. 289. Mr. Nichols thus narrates the fate of this edition. Dr. Percy had, soon after the year 1760, proceeded very far at the press with an admirable edition of ' Surrey's Poems," and also with a good edition of the Works of Villiers Duke of Buckingham ; both which, from a variety of causes, remained many years unfinished in the warehouse of Mr. Tonson in the Savoy, but were resumed in 1795, and nearly brought to a conclusion ; when the whole impression of both works was unfortunately consumed by the fire in Red Lion Passage in 1808. Lit. Ante. i8tA Cent. Hi. 161. Ed. 1812. Of this edition there is a copy in 2 Vols, complete so far as prepared but e 10. a fragment of the first Volume containing the Rehearsal and its Key. 4. Prefaced to both these ' Keys ' is an introduction. I give first Bp. PERCY'S, because though a century later in date, it describes that of 1704. b. ADVERTISEMENT. *T"*HE former KEY hath long been complained of as inaccurate and A defective : and yet has commonly past for the work of the Duke of Buckingham. That it is the former, and cannot be the latter, a slight perusal must convince every Reader. The Duke could not be ignorant of his own meaning, nor doubtful about the aim of his own satire ; yet many passages in that work display both ignorance and doubt. That the Preface prefixed to it was written long after the death of our noble author, evidently appears from several passages : Thus the author quotes Collier's view of tie stage, which was first published in 1698, whereas the Duke died in 1687. He also speaks of the Rehearsal as having flourished in print two and thirty years, which brings it down to the year 1704, when the first edition of the KEY was printed. We are not to wonder that an explanation of so popular a satire should be wanted at that time by the public, or that the booksellers should be desirous of profiting by its impatience. Accordingly in the ?th Edition of the Rehearsal printed in 1701 410, the title-page promises "Some explanatory notes ;" but these upon examination appear to be only four slight marginal references, two of which are false, and a third superfluous. At length in the second volume of the Duke's works 8vo, the larger attempt appeared under the following title A KEY TO THE REHEARSAL OR A CRITICAL VIEW OF THE AUTHORS AND Their Writings, that are exposed in that celebrated Play : Written by his Grace GEORGE late Duke ^Buckingham LONDON: Printed for .. Briscoe, 1704. Here by a little bookseller's craft in making a break after the word PLAY, the KEY is represented as written by the Duke ; when probably at first no more was meant than that the play was written by him. After all 'tis pos- sible, that the key may have been supplied in part from some of the Duke's papers, and then the errors and defects are to be charged on those who put them together and made additions to them. Erroneous and defective, as that attempt was, the public had little room to expect a better. It is near a century since the Rehearsal was first printed ; and who at this distance of time could hope to recover any considerable mat- ters of explanation, that had escaped former inquirers i. No such sanguine expectations had the present compiler. The deficiences of the former key led him sometimes to look into the plays referred to, but without any inten- tion of attempting a new one. He soon found however that some obvious improvements might still be made ; and the success of his researches en* couraged him to extend them ; 'till at length he resolved by a professed pur- suit, to compleat what he had begun by accidental snatches. To this he was encouraged by the free access, which Mr. Garrick in the politest manner gave him to his large collection of old plays ; by far the compleatest ever made in these kingdoms. Here the editor found almost every dramatic piece in our Continued at pages 20, 3 >, 36, 46, 48. THE REHEARSAL, As it was A6led at the Theatre- Royal. LONDON, Printed for Thomas Dnng, at the White-Lyon, next Chancery-lane end in Fleet- street. 1672. 12 ILL USTRA T10NS, &c. 1 Dryden, in his prefatory Eflay Of ' Heroique PLiyes to 77ie Con- quejl of Granada, Ed. 1672, thus gives the origin of the new way of writing plays. "For Heroick Plays, (in which onely I have us'd it [/. t., Rhyme] without the mixture of Profe) the firft light we had of them on the Englifh Theatre was from the late Sir William D 1 Avenant : It being forbidden him in the Rebellious times to act Tragedies and Comedies, becaufe they contain'd fome matter of Scandal to thofe good people, who could more eafily difpoffefs their lawful Sovereign then endure a wanton jeafl ; he was forc'd to turn his thoughts another way ; and to introduce the examples of moral vertue, writ in verfe, and perform'd in Recitative Mufeque. The Original of this mufick and of the Scenes which adorn'd his work, he had from the Italian Operas : but he heightn'd his Characters (as I may probably imagine) from the example of Comeille and fome French Pods, In this Condition did this part of Poetry remain at his Majefties return. When growing bolder, as being now own'd by a publick Authority, he review'd his Siege of RhicUst and caus'd it to be acted as a juft Drama; but as few men have the happinefs to begin and finifh any new project, fo neither did he live to make his defign perfect. 1 (a) GERARD LANGBAINE gives this account of Lacy : A Comedian whofe Abilities in Action were fufficiently known to all that frequented the King's Theatre, where he was for many years an Actor, and perform'd all Parts that he under- took to a miracle ; infomuch that I am apt to believe, that as this Age never had, fo the next never will have his Equal, at lead not his Superiour. He was fo well approv'd of by King Charles the Second, an undeniable Judge in Dramatick Arts, that he caus'd his Picture to be drawn, in three feveral Figures in the fame Table, viz. That of Teague in the Committee, Mr. Scruple in The Cheats, and M. Galliard, in The Variety: which piece is Hill in being in Windfor Co/lie. Nor did his Talent wholly lye in Acting, he knew both how to judge and write Plays : and if his Comedies are fomewhat allied to French Farce, 'tis out of choice, rather than want of Ability to write true Comedy. Account of Eng. Dram. Poets, p. 317. Oxenford, 1691. Lacy wrote four Comedies, printed in the following years : Dumb Lady, or The Farriar made PAy/itian, 1672, 410. Old Troop, or Monjleur Ragou, 1672, 4to. Sawny the Scot, or The Taming of a Shrew, 1677* 4-to. Sir Hercules Buffoon, or The Poetical Squire, 1684, 4to. (b) Dean LOCKIER, in Spence's ANECDOTES, p. 63, Ed. 1820, fays : It is incredible what pains Buckingham took with one of the act 01 s, to teach him to fpeak fome paflages in Bayes' part, in The Rehearfal right. This actor was Lacy, _/&/. 16. 'PROLOGUE. might well call this fhort Mock-play of ours A Pofie made of Weeds inflead of Flowers ; Yet fuch have been prefented to your noft s, And there are fuch, I fear, who thought 'em Rofcs. Would lome of 'em were here, to fee, this night, What fluff it is in which they took delight. Here, brisk, infipid Blades, for wit, let fall Sometimes dull fence ; but oft'ner, none at all : There, ftrutting Heroes, with a grim-fac'd train, Shall brave the Gods, in King Cambyfes vain. For (changing Rules, of late, as if men writ In fpite of Reafon, Nature, Art, and Wit) Our Poets make us laugh at Tragcedy, And with their Comedies they make us cry. Now, Critiques, do your worfl, that here are met ; For, like a Rook, I have hedg'd in my Bet. If you approve ; I mail affume the flate Of thofe high-flyers whom I imitate : And juftly too ; for I will mew you more Than ever they vouchfafd to fhew before : I will both reprefent the feats they do, And give you all their reafons for 'em too. Some honour to me will from this arife. But if, by my endeavours, you grow wife, And what was once fo prais'd you now defpife ; Then I'l cry out, fwell'd with Poetique rage, 'Tis I, John Lacy? have reform'd your Stage. Actors Namts. BAYES. JOHNSON. SMITH. Two Kings of Brentford. Prince Pretty-man. Prince Volfcius. Gentleman UJJier. Phyfidan. Drawcanfir. General Lieutenant General. Cordelio. Tom Thimble. Fi/herman. Sun. Thunder. Players. Souldiers. Two Heraldi. Four Cardinals. Mayor. Judges. Serjeants at Arms. Amaryllis. Cloris. Parthenope. Pallas. Lightning. Moon. Earth. Attendants of Men and Woman, SCENE. BRENTFORD. THE REHEARSAL ACTUS I. SOdENA I. JOHNSON and SMITH. JOHNS. H^^fuyiOneft. Frank 1 I'm glad to fee thee with all my heart : how long haft thou been in Town ? SMI. Faith, not above an hour : and, if I had not met you here, I had gone to look you out ; for I long to talk with you freely, of all the ftrange new things we have heard in the Country. JOHNS. And, by my troth, I have long'd as much to laugh with you, at all the impertinent, dull, fantafli- cal things, we are tir'd out with here. SMI. Dull and fantaflical ! that's an excellent com- pofition. Pray, what are our men of bufmefs doing ? JOHNS. I ne'er enquire after 'em. Thou know'ft my humour lyes another way. I love to pleafe my felf as much, and to trouble others as little as I can : and therefore do naturally avoid the company of thofe folemn Fops ; who, being incapable of Reafon, and infenfible of Wit and Pleafure, are always looking grave, and troubling one another, in hopes to be thought men of Bufmefs. 26 BIBLIOGRAPHY. KEYS TO ' THE REHEARSAL. language, and had thereby an advantage, which perhaps no former compiler ever had, in having all his materials ready collected to his hands. He had nothing to do, but sit down and examine : he accordingly read over every play, which the Dulce could be supposed to have in his eye ; chiefly all such as were either published or revived from the time of the Restoration till the publication of the Rehearsal : for tho' the Duke's view was chiefly to satirize what was then called "the newway of writing," yet he often exposes absurdi- ties of longer standing, chiefly when the plays, which contained them, had been revived afresh, or still continued to captivate the publick. How far the research upon the whole has been successful the Reader will judge from the following pages. He will find many obscurities removed ; and numerous references recovered: far more of both than could reasonably be expected, considering that no assistance could be had but what is fetched from books, and that all personal information has been long since swallowed up in the gulph of time. It must however be acknowledged that our inquiries have not always been successful : Some passages still remain, that evidently allude to absurdities then current upon the stage, vet of which we could find no traces in any play then published. But this is no more than might be ex- pectd : We have that one play,* which the Duke has professedly ridiculed, was damned in the representation and therefore never printed ; and the same might also be the case with others. Again the authors might remove the offensive passages from such plays as they published, so that no appear- ance of them is now remaining. After all, we are not to suppose that so masterly a pencil, as the Duke's, when finishing such a character as that of Bayes, would be confined to a mere dead likeness : he would not fail to heighten the caricature with a thousand touches supplied from his own fancy, and bring in whatever served to render the piece compleat, whether it resem- bled the original or not. Altho* the former key was faulty, it contained some particulars too valuable to be suppressed ; we have therefore inserted the several articles everywhere in our own, taking care to correct the mistakes, and distinguishing every such article by an asterisk (*). We have also retained the former preface ; as it preserved the memory of certain facts necessary to the illustration of UK Rehearsal, and not found anywhere else. We next give BRISCOE'S address. a. The Publijher to the Reader. *T*HOU canst not be ignorant, that the town has had an eager expectation -L of a KEY to the REHEARSAL ever since it first appeared in print ; and none has more earnestly desired it than myself, tho' in vain : Till lately a gentleman of my acquamtance_ recommended me to a person, who he believed could give me a further light into this matter, than I had hitherto met with from any hand. In a short time I traced him out ; and when I had found him, he appeared such a positive dogmatical spark, that I began to repent of my trouble in searching after him. It was my misfortune over a pot of beer to begin a short discourse of the modern poets and actors : and immediately he fell into a great passion, and swore, that there were very few persons now living, who deserved the name of a good dramatick poet, or a natural actor ; and declaimed against the present practice of the English stage with much violence ; saying, he believed the two companies were joined in a confederacy against Smithfield, and re- solved to ruin their fair, by out-doing them in their bombastick bills, and ridiculous representing their plays ; adding, that he hoped ere long M. COLLIER and others would write them down to the devil. At the same time, he could not forbear to extol the excellent decorum and action of former years ; and mag- nified the poets of the last age, especially Johnson, Shakespear, and Beaumont. I bore all this with tolerable patience, knowing it to be too common with old men to cornm^nrt tbe past age, and rail at the present ; and so took my The Uniteu Kingdoms, by Col. Henry Howard. See pp. 46 and 90.! Continued at p. 33. ACT. I THE REHEARSAL. 27 SMI. Indeed, I have ever obferved, that your grave lookers are the dulleft of men. JOHNS. I, and of Birds, and Beafls too : your gravefi Bird is an Owl, and your gravefi Bead is an Afs. SMI. Well ; but how dofl thou pafs thy time ? JOHNS. Why, as I ufe to do ; eat and drink as well as I can, have a She-friend to be private with in the afternoon, and fometimes fee a Play : where there are fuch things (Frank) such hideous, monflrous things, that it has almofl made me forfwear the Stage, and refolve to apply my felf to the folid nonfence of your pretenders to Bufmefs, as the more ingenious paflime. SMI. I have heard, indeed, you have had lately many new Plays, and our Country-wits commend 'em. JOHNS. I, fo do fome of our City-wits too; but they are of the new kind of Wits. SMI. New kind ? what kind is that ? JOHNS. Why, your Blade, your frank Perfons, your Drolls : fellows that fcorn to imitate Nature ; but are given altogether to elevate and furprife. SMI. Elevate, and furprife ? pr'ythee make me under- fland the meaning of that. JOHNS. Nay, by my troth, that's a hard matter : I don't underfland that my felf. 'Tis a phrafe they have got among them, to exprefs their no-meaning by. I'l tell you, as well as I can, what it is. Let me fee ; 'tis Fighting, Loving, Sleeping, Rhyming, Dying, Dancing, Singing, Crying ; and every thing, but Thinking and Sence. Mr. BAYES faffes o'er the Stage. BAYES. Your mofl obfequious, and mofl obfervant, very fervant, Sir. JOHNS. Godfo, this is an Author : I'l fetch him to you. SMI. Nay, pr'ythee let him alone. JOHNS. Nay, by the Lord, I'l have him. \Goesafter him.] Here he is. I have caught him. Pray, Sir, for iny fake, will you do a favour to this friend of mine ? 23 ILLUSTRATIONS, 'In fine, it fliall read, and write, and a6l, and plot, and fhew, ay, and pit, box, and gallery, I gad, with any Play in Europe, The ufual language of the Honourable Edward Howard, Ffq. ; at the Rehearfal of his Plays. AVj', 1704. ACT. L THE REHEARSAL. ag BAYES. Sir, it is not within my fmall capacity to do favours, but receive 'em ; efpecially from a perfon that does wear the honourable Title you are pleas'd to impofe, Sir, upon this. Sweet Sir, your servant. SMI. Your humble servant, Sir. JOHNS. But wilt thou do me a favour, now ? BAYES. I, Sir : What is't ? JOHNS. Why, to tell him the meaning of thy lafl Play. BAYES. How, Sir, the meaning? do you mean the Plot. JOHNS. I, I ; any thing. BAYES. Faith, Sir, the Intrigo's now quite out of my head ; but I have a new one, in my pocket, that I may fay is a Virgin ; 't has never yet been blown upon. I muft tell you one thing, 'Tis all new Wit ; and, though I fay it, a better than my lafl : and you know well enough how that took. ' In fine, it mail read, and write, and act, and plot, and mew, ay, and pit, box and gallery, I gad, with any Play in Europe. This morning is its lafl Rehearfal, in their habits, and all that, as it is to be acted ; and if you, and your friend will do it but the honour to fee it in its Virgin attire ; though, perhaps, it may blufh, I mail not be afham'd to difcover its nakednefs unto you. 1 think it is o' this fide. [Puts his hand in his pocket. JOHNS. Sir, I confefs I am not able to anfwer you in this new way ; but if you pleafe to lead, I mail be glad to follow you ; and I hope my friend will do fo too. SMI. I, Sir, I have no bufinefs fo confiderable, as fhould keep me from your company. BAYES. Yes, here it is. No, cry you mercy : this is my book of Drama Common places ; the Mother of many other Plays. JOHNS. Drama Common places I pray what's that? BAYES. Why, Sir, fome certain helps, that we men of Art have found it convenient to make ufe of. SMI. How, Sir, help for Wit ? BAYES. I, Sir, that's my pofition. And I do here 30 ILLUSTRATIONS, *v. 1. 'He who writ this, not without pains and thought From French and Engli/h Theaters has brought Th' exa<5teft Rules by which a Play is wrought. ii. The Unities of Ac"lion, Place, and Time; The Scenes unbroken ; and a mingled chime Of Johnfons humour, with Corneilles rhyme. J. DRYDEN, Prologue to Secret ' Lovt, or tAe Maiden Queen. Ed. 1668. *In Dryden's lifetime, GERARD LANGBAINE, in his Account of Eng. Dram. Poets, Ed. 1691, p. 169, noticing Dryden's Secret Love or The Maiden Queen, says : I cannot pafs by his making ufe offiayes's Art of Tranfverfmg, as any One may obferve by comparing the Fourth Stanza of his Firft Prologue, with the lail Paragraph of the Preface of Ibrahim. The title of this work, is as follows : ' ' Ibrahim. Or the Illuf- t-icits Baffa. An excellent new Romance. The whole Work, in foure Parts. Written in French by Monfteur de Scudery. And now Englifhed by HENRY COGAN, gent London 1652." The paragraph referred to, runs thus : Behold, Reader, that which I had to fay to you, but what defence foever I have imployed, I know that it is of works of this nature, as of a place of war, where notwithflanding all the care the Engineer hath brought to fortifie it, there is alwayes fome weak part found, which he hath not dream'd of, and whereby it is affaulted ; but this mall not furprize me ; for as I have not forgot that I am a man, no more have I forgot that I am fubject to erre, This is thus verfified in the fourth ftanza of the fame Prologue. IV. Plays are like Towns, which how e're fortify' J By Engineers, have ftill fome weaker fide By the o're-feen Defendant unefpy'd. ACT. L THE REHEARSAL. 31 averr, That no man yet the Sun e'er fhone upon, has parts fufficient to furnifh out a Stage, except it be with the help of thefe my Rules. 1 JOHNS. What are thofe Rules, I pray? BAYES. Why, Sir, my firfl Rule is the Rule of Tranf- verfion, 2 or Regula Duplex : changing Verfe into Profe, or Profe into verfe, alternative as you pleafe. SMI. How's that, Sir, by a Rule, I pray ? BAYES. Why, thus, Sir; nothing more eafie when underflood : I take a Book in my hand, either at home, or elfewhere, for that's all one, if there be any Wit in't, as there is no Book but has fome, I Tranf- verfe it ; that is, if it be Profe, put it into Verfe, (but that takes up fome time) if it be Verfe, put it into Profe. JOHNS. Methinks, Mr. Bayes, that putting Verfe into Profe fliould be call'd Tranfprofing. BAYES. By my troth, a very good Notion, and here- after it (hall be fo. SMI. Well, Sir, and what d'ye do with it then ? BAYES. Make it my own. Tis fo alter'd that no man can know it. My next Rule is the Rule of Record, and by way of Table-Book. Pray obferve. JOHNS. Well, we hear you : go on. BAYES. As thus. I come into a Coffee-houfe, or fome other place where wittie men refort, I make as if I minded nothing ; (do you mark ?) but as foon as any one fpeaks, pop I flap it down, and make that, too., my own. JOHNS. But, Mr. Bayes, are not you fometimes in danger of their making you reflore, by force, what you have gotten thus by Art ? BAYES. No, Sir ; the world's unmindful : they never take notice of thefe things. SMI. But pray, Mr. Bayes, among all your other Rules, have you no one Rule for Invention ? BAYES. Yes, Sir ; that's my third Rule that I have here in my pocket. SMI. What Rule can that be ? 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY. KEYS TO 'THE REHEARSAL.' Continued front page 26. leave of him for that time, with an intent never to trouble him more, and without acquainting him with my business. When next I saw the gentleman my friend, who recommended him to me, I told him how I was entertained by his cynical acquaintance. He laughed, but bid me not be discouraged ; saying, that fit of railing would soon have been over, and when his just indignation had spent itself, you might have im- parted your business to him, and received a more satisfactory account. How- ever, said he, go to him again from me, take him to the Tavern, and mollify his asperity with a bottle ; thwart not his discourse, but give him his own way ; and I'll warrant you, he'll open his budget, and satisfy your expectation. I followed my friend's directions, and found the event answerable to his prediction. Not long after, I met him in Fleet Street, and carried him to the Old Devil ; and ere we had emptied one bottle, I found him of a quite different humour from what I left him in the time before : he appeared in his discourse to be a very honest true Englishman, a hearty lover of his country, and the government thereof, both in church and state, a loyal subject to his sovereign, an enemy to popery and tyranny, idolatry and superstition, antimonarchical government and confusion, irreligion and enthusiasm. In short, I found him a person of a competent knowledge in the affair I went to him about, and one who understood the English Stage very well ; and tho' somewhat positive, as I said before, yet I observed he always took care to have truth on his side, before he affirmed or denied anything with more than ordinary heat ; and when he was so guarded, he was immoveable. When I had discovertd thus much, and called for the second bottle, I told him from whom I came, and the cause of my addressing to him. He desired my patience till he slept to his lodgings, which were near the tavern ; and after a short space he returned, and brought with him the papers, which con- tain the following notes. When he had read them to me, I liked them so well, that I desired the printing of them, provided they were genuine. He assured me they were, and told me farther : That while this farce was composing and altering, he had frequent occa- sions of being with the author, of perusing his papers, and hearing him dis- course of the several plays he exposed, and their authors ; insomuch that few persons had the like opportunities of knowing his true meaning, as ha himself had. If any other persons had known the author's mind so exactly, in all the several particulars, 'tis more than probable they would have been made publick before now : but nothing of this nature having appeared these TWO AND THIRTY YEARS; (for so long has this farce flourished in print) we may reasonably and safely conclude, that there is no other such like copy in being ; and that these remarks are genuine, and taken from the great Person's own mouth and papers. I was very well satisfied with this account, and more desirous to print it than ever ; only I told him, I thought it would be very advantageous to the sale of these Annotations, to have a Preface to them, under the Name of him, who was so well acquainted with the Author ; but could not, by all the arguments I was master of, obtain his Consent, tho' we debated the point a pretty while. He alledg'd for his excuse, that such an undertaking would be very im- proper for him, because he should be forced to name several persons, and some of great families, to whom he had been obliged ; and he WAS very un- willing to offend any person of quality, or run the hazard of making such who are, or may be his friends, become his enemies ; tho' he should only act the part of an historian, barely reciting the words he heard from our Author. However, said he, if you think a preface of such absolute necessity, you may easily recollect matter enough from the discourse which hath passed be- tween us, on this subject, to enable yourself, or any other for you, to write one ; especially if you consider there are but two topicks to be insisted on. Continued at page 36. ACT. t THE REHEARSAL. 33 BAYES. Why, Sir, when I have any thing to invent, I never trouble my head about it, as other men do ; but prefently turn o'er this Book, and there I have, at one view, all that Perfeus, Montaigne, Seneca's Trage- dies >Hor ace, Juvenal, Claudian, Pliny, Plutarch 's lives, and the reft, have ever thought, upon this fubject : and fo, in a trice, by leaving out a few words, or put- ting in others of my own, the bufmefs is done. JOHNS. Indeed, Mr. Eayes, this is as fure, and com- pendious a way of Wit as ever I heard of. BAYES. I, Sirs, when you come to write your felves, o' my word you'l find it fo. But, Gentlemen, if you make the leaft fcruple of the efficacie of thefe my Rules, do but come to the Play-houfe, and you mail judge of 'em by the effects. SMI. We'l follow you, Sir. [Exeunt. Enter three Players upon the Stage. 1 Play. Have you your part perfect ? 2 Play. Yes, I have it without book ; but I do not underfland how it is to be fpoken. 3 Play. And mine is fuch a one, as I can't ghefs for my life what humour I'm to be in : whether angry, melancholy, merry, or in love. I don't know what to make on't. 1 {Play."] Phoo ! the Author will be here prefently, and he'l tell us all. You muft know, this is the new way of writing; and thefe hard things pleafe forty times better than the old plain way. For, look you, Sir, the grand defign upon the Stage is to keep the Auditors in fufpence ; for to ghefs prefently at the plot, and the fence, tires 'em before the end of the firft Act : now, here, every line furprifes you, and brings in new matter. And, then, for Scenes, Cloaths and Dancing, we put 'em quite down, all that ever went before us : and thefe are the things, you know, that are effential to a Play. 2 Play. Well, I am not of thy mind j but, fo it gets us money, 'tis no great matter. c 34 ILLUSTRATIONS, 1 The Part of Amaryllis was atfled by Mrs. Ann Reeves, who, t that Time, was kept by Mr. Bayes. . . Key 1704. The licentiousness of Dryden's plays admits of no palliation or defence. He wrote for a licentious stage in a profligate age, and supplied, much to his own disgrace, the kind of material the vicious taste of his audiences demanded. Nor will it serve his reputation to contrast his productions in this way with those of others. Shadwell alone transcended him in depravity. But there is some compensation for all his grossness in turning from his plays to his life, and marking the contrast. The morality of his life the practical test of his heart and his understanding was unimpeachable. The ingenuity of slander was exhausted in assailing his principles, and exposing his person to obloquy but the morality of his life conies pure out of the furnace. The only hint of personal indiscretion ascribed to him is that of having eaten tarts with Mrs. Reeve, the actress, in the Mulberry garden, which, if true, amounts to nothing, but which, trivial as it is, must be regarded as apocryphal. To eat tarts with an actress did not necessarily involve any grave delinquency in a poet who was writing for the theatre ; yet upon this slight foundation, for I have not been able to discover that it rests upon any other, a suspicion has been raised, that Mrs. Reeve was his mistress. By way, however, of mitigating the odium 01 this unwarrantable imputation, it is added, that after his marriage Drydec renounced all such associations. But his relations with Mrs. Reeve, if he ever had any, must have been formed after his marriage, as a reference to dates will show, so that the suppositions scandal, as it has been transmitted to us, conveys its own refutation. R. BELL. Life oJDrydett, i. 91. Ed. 1854. * Two Kings of Brentford, fuppofed to be the two Brothers, the King and the Duke. [See note at p. 90.] . . Key 1704. ACT. L THE REHEARSAL, 35 Enter BAYES, JOHNSON and SMITH. BAYES. Come, come in, Gentlemen. Vare very welcome Mr, a Ha' you your Part ready ? i Play. Yes, Sir. BAYES. But do you underfland the true humour of it ? i Play. I, Sir, pretty well. BAYES. And Amarillis, how does fhe do ? Does not her Armor become her ? 3 Play. O, admirably ! BAYES. I'l tell you, now, a pretty conceipt. What do you think I'l make 'em call her anon, in this Play? SMI. What, I pray? BAYES. Why I'l make 'em call her Armarillis, be- caufe of her Armor : ha, ha, ha. JOHNS. That will be very well, indeed. BAYES, I, it's a pretty little rogue ; me is my Mif- trefs. 1 I knew her face would fet off Armor extreamly: and, to tell you true, I writ that Part only for her. Well, Gentlemen, I dare be bold to fay, without vanity, I'l mew you fomething, here, that's very ridiculous, I gad. [Exetint Players. JOHNS. Sir, that we do not doubt of. BAYES. Pray, Sir, let's fit down. Look you, Sir, the chief hindge of this Play, upon which the whole Plot moves and turns, and that caufes the variety of all the feveral accidents, which, you know, are the thing in Nature that make up the grand refinement of a Play, is, that I fuppofe two Kings 2 to be of the fame place : as, for example, at Brentford; for I love to write familiarly. Now the people having the fame relations to 'em both, the fame affections, the fame duty, the fame obedience, and all that; are divided among themfelves in point of devoir and intereft, how to be- have themfelves equally between 'em : thefe Kings differing fometimes in particular ; though, in the main, they agree. (I know not whether I make my felf well underftood.) BIBLIOGRAPHY. KEYS TO THE REHEARSM. 36 1. To give the reader an account of the writer of this farce. 2. The motives which induced him to compose it. I can stay BO longer now, said he ; but if you desire any further diiection in this matter, meet me here to-morrow night, and I will discourse more par- ticularly on those two heads, and then take my leave of you : wishing you good success with your preface, and that your KEY may prove a GOLDEN ONE. Now, kind reader, having received all the instructions I could gain from my resolute spark at our several meetings, I must stand on my own legs, and turn Prefacer, tho* against my will. And thus I set out, i. To tell thee what all persons, who are anything acquainted with the tage, know already : -viz. That this farce was wrote by the most noble GEORGE ViLLiERS, late Duke of BUCKINGHAM, &c. a person of a great deal of natural wit and ingenuity, and of excellent judgement, particularly in matters of this nature ; his forward genius was improved by a liberal education, and the con- versation of the greatest persons in his time ; and all these cultivated and improved by study and travel. By the former, he became well acquainted with the writings of the most celebrated Poets of the late age ; viz. Shakespear, Beaumont, and Johnson, (the last of whom he knew personally, being thirteen years old when he died) * as also with the famous company of actors at Black- Fryars, whom he always admired. He was likewise very intimate with the poets of his time ; as Sir John Dcnham, Sir John Suckling, the Lord Falkland, Mr. Sidney Godolphm, (a near relation to the Lord High Treasurer of England that now is, the glory of that ancient family) Mr. Waller, and Mr. Cowley ; on the last of whom he bestowed a genteel Annuity during his life, and a noble monument in West- minster-Abbey after his decease. By travel he had the opportunity of observing the decorum of foreign theatres ; especially the French, under the regulation of Monsieur Corneille, before it was so far Italianated, and over-run with opera anc' farce, as now it is ; and before the venom thereof had crossed the narrow seas, and poi- soned the English stage ; We being naturally prone to imitate the French in their fashions, manners, and customs, let them be never so vicious, fan tas tick, or ridiculous. By what has Ixfen said on this head, I hope thou art fully satisfied who was the author of this piece, which the learned and judicious Dr. Burnet (Now Bishop of Sarum) calls 'a correction,' and 'an unmerciful exposing ;' and I believe thou hast as little cause to doubt of his being able to perform it Had this great person been endued with constancy and steadiness of mind, equal to his other abilities both natural and acquired, he had been the most complete gentleman in his time. I shall proceed to shew, a. The motives which induced him to undertake it. The civil war silenced the stage for almost twenty years, tho' not near so lewd then, as it is since grown ; and it had been happy for England, if this had been the worst effect of that war. The many changes of government, that succeeded the dissolution of the ancient constitution, made the people very uneasy, and unanimously desirous of its restitution ; which was effected by a free Parliament, in the year 1660. This sudden revolution, which is best known by the name of THE RESTO- RATION, brought with it many ill customs, from the several countries, to which the King and the cavaliers were retired, during their exile, which proved very pernicious to our English constitution, by corrupting our morals ; and to which the reviving the stage, and bringing women on't, and encouraging and applauding the many lewd, senseless, and unnatural plays, that ensued upon this great change, did very much contribute. * This is a mistake. The Duke of Buckingham was bom 7*. 30, 1627. tn Johnson died A-ug. 6, 1637. Bp. Percy. Continued at pa&t 46. ACT. i THE REHEARSAL. 37 JOHNS. I did not obferve you, Sir : pray fay that again. BAYES. Why, look you, Sir, (nay, I befeech you, be a little curious in taking notice of this, or elfe you'l never underhand my notion of the thing) the people being embarraft by their equal tyes to both, and the Soveraigns concern'd in a reciprocal regard, as well to their own interefl, as the good of the people ; may make a certain kind of a you underftand me upon which, there does arife feveral difputes, turmoils, heart-burnings, and all that In fine, you'l apprehend it better when you fee it. [Exit, to call the Players. SMI. I find the Author will be very much oblig'd to the Players, if they can make any fence of this. Enter BAYES. BAYES. Now, Gentlemen, I would fain ask your opinion of one thing. I have made a Prologue and an Epilogue, which may both ferve for either: (do you mark ?) nay, they may both ferve too, I gad, for any other Play as well as this. SMI. Very well. That's, indeed, Artificial. BAYES. And I would fain ask your judgements, now, which of them would do befl for the Prologue ? For, you mufl know, there is, in nature, but two ways of making very good Prologues. The one is by civility, by infmuation, good language, and all that, to a in a manner, fteal your plaudit from the courtefie of the Auditors : the other, by making ufe of fome certain perfonal things, which may keep a hank upon iuch cenfuring perfons, as cannot otherways, A gad, in nature, be hindred from being too free with their tongues. To which end, my firfl Prologue is, that I come out in a long black Veil, and a great huge Hang-man behind me, with a Furr'd-cap, and his Sword drawn ; and there tell 'em plainly, That if, out ot good nature, they will not like my Play, why I gad, $8 ILLUSTRATIONS. &e. 1 There were printed Papers given the Audience before the Acting of the Indian Emperor, telling them, that it was the sequel of the Indian Queen, Part of which Play was written by Mr. Bayes, &c. .... Key 1704. The text of these papers is prefixed to the Play It runs thus. Connexion of the Indian Emperour, to the Indian Queen. THE Conclusion of the Indian Queen, (part of which Poem was writ by me) left little matter for another Story to be built on, there remaining but two of the considerable Characters alive, (viz. ) Montezuma and Orazia ; thereupon the Author of this, thought it necessary to produce new perfons from the old ones ; and confidering the late Indian Queen, before (he lov'd Montezuma, liv'd in clandestine Marriage with her General Traxalla ; from thofe two, he has rais'd a Son and two Daugh- ters, fuppofed to be left young Orphans at their Death : On the other fide, he has given to Montezuma and Orazia, two Sons and a Daughter ; all now fuppofed to be grown up to Mens and \Vomens Estate ; and their Mother Orazia (for whom there was no further ufe in the ftory) lately dead. So that you are to imagine about Twenty years elapfed fmce the Coronation of Montezuma ; who, in the Truth of the Hif- tory, was a great and glorious Prince ; and in whofe time hap- pened the Difcovery and Invafion of Mexico by the Spaniards ; under the conduct of Hernando Cortez, who, joyning with the Taxallan- Indians, the invetrate Enemies of Montezuma, wholly Subverted that flourifhing Empire ; the Conquest of which, is the Subject of this Dramatique Poem. 1 have neither wholly followed the flory nor varied from it; and, as near as I could, have traced the Native fimplicity arid ignorance of the Indians, in relation to European Cuftomes : The Shipping, Armour, Horfes, Swords, and Guns of the Spaniards, being as new to them as their Habits, and their Language. The difference of their Religion from ours, I have taken from the Story it felf ; and that which you find of it in the firft and fifth Acts, touching the fufferings and conftancy of Monteztinia in his Opinions, I have only illuftrated, not alter'd from thofe who have written of it. 2 " Perfons, egad, I vow to gad, and all that " is the conftant ftyle of Failer, in the Wild Gallant ; for which take this fhort speech, inftead of many. .... Key \ 704. Failer. Really Madam, I look upon you as a perfon of fuch worth and all that, that I Vow to gad I honour you of all perfons in the World ; and though I am a perfon that am inconfiderable in the World, and all that Madam, yet for a perfon of your worth and ex- cellency, I would J. DRYDEN. Wild Gallant. Act ii , Scene ii. p. 23. Ed. 1669. ACT. I. THE REHEARSAL. 39 I'l e'en kneel down, and he mall cut my head off. Whereupon they all clapping a SMI. But, fuppofe they do not. BAYES. Suppofe ! Sir, you may fuppofe what you pleafe, I have nothing to do with your fuppofe, Sir, nor am not at all mortifi'd at it ; not at all, Sir ; I gad, not one jot. Suppofe quoth a ! [ Walks away.'] JOHNS. Phoo ! pr'ythee, Bayes, don't mind what he fays : he's a fellow newly come out of the Country, he knows nothing of what's the relim,here, of the Town. BAYES. If I writ, Sir, to pleafe the Country, I fhould have follow'd the old plain way ; but I write for fome perfons of Quality, and peculiar friends of mine, that underfland what Flame and Power in writing is : and they do me the right, Sir, to approve of what I do. JOHNS. I, I, they will clap, I warrant you ; never fear it. BAYES. I'm fure the defign's good ; that cannot be deny'd. And then, for language, I gad, I dene 'em all, in nature, to mend it. Befides, Sir, I have printed above a hundred meets of papyr, to infmuate the Plot into the Boxes : ' and withal, have appointed two or three dozen of my friends, to be readie in the Pit, who, I'm fure, will clap, and so the reft, you know, mufl follow; and then pray, Sir, what becomes of your fuppofe ? ha, ha, ha. JOHNS. Nay, if the bufmefs be fo well laid, it cannot mifs. BAYES. I think fo, Sir : and therefore would chufe this for the Prologue. For if I could engage 'em to clap, before they fee the Play, you know 'twould be fo much the better ; becaufe then they were engag'd : for, let a man write never fo well, there are, now-a- days, a fort of perfons, 2 they call Critiques, that, I gad, have no more wit in 'em than fo many Hobby-horfes ; but they'l laugh you, Sir, and find fault, and cenfuie things that, A gad, I'm fure they are not able to do themfelves. A fort of envious perfons, that emulate the glories of perfons of parts, and think to build their 40 ILL USTRA TIONS* * (a) He contracted with the King's Company of Actors, in the Year 1668, for a whole Share, to write them four Plays a Year. Key 1704. (b) E. Malone, Life of Dryden, p. 72-74, Ed. 1800, adduces evidence to fhow that the number of plays was three a year, for which Dryden received li share in the King's Company, equal to about ^300 or 400 a year. ACT. i. THE REHEARSAL. 41 fame, by calumniating of perfons that, I gad, to my knowledge, of all perfons in the world are, in nature, the perfons that do as much defpife all that, as a In fine, I'l fay no more of 'em. JOHNS. I, I, you have faid enough of 'em in con- fcience: I'm fure more than they'l ever be able to anfwer. BAYES. Why, I'l tell you, Sir, fincerely, and bona fide ; were it not for the fake of fome ingenious per- fons, and choice female fpirits, that have a value for me, I would fee 'em all hang'd before I would e'er more fet pen to papyr ; but let 'em live in ignorance like ingrates. JOHNS. I marry ! that were a way to be reveng'd of 'em indeed : and, if I were in your place, now, I would do it. BAYES. No, Sir ; there are certain ryes upon me, 1 that I cannot be difingag'd from ; otherwife, I would. But pray, Sir, how do you like my hang-man ? SMI. By my troth, Sir, I mould like him very well. BAYES. I, but how do you like it ? (for I fee you can judge) Would you have it for the Prologue, or the Epilogue? JOHNS. Faith, Sir, it's fo good, let it e'en ferve lor both. BAYES. No, no; that won't do. Befides, I have made another. JOHNS. What other, Sir? BAYES. Why, Sir, my other is Thunder and Light- ning. JOHNS. That's greater : I'd rather Hick to that. BAYES. Do you think fo ? I'l tell you then ; though there have been many wittie Prologues written of late, yet I think you'l fay this is a non pareillo : I'm fure no body has hit upon it yet. For here, Sir, I make my Prologue to be Dialogue : and as, in my firfl, you fee I ftrive to oblige the Auditors by civility, by good na- ture, and all that ; fo, in this, by the other way, in 42 ILLUSTRATIONS. &>c. *Almah. So, two kind Turtles, when a florm is nigh Look up, and fee it gath'ring in the Skie. Each calls his Mate to fhelter in the Groves, Leaving, in murmures, their unfinifh'd Loves, Perch'd on fome dropping Branch they fit alone, And Cooe, and hearken to each others moan. J. DRYDEN. The Conqitcft of Granada. Part II., Act i. Sc. il, p. 82. Ed. 1672. 'Song in Dialogue. Evening. I am an Evening dark as Nigfit,^ ]& reading 2. letters. Pall. I ftand betwixt two minds ! what's befl to doe ? This bids me flay ; This fpurs me on to goe. Once more let our impartiall eyes perufe Both t'one and t'other : Both may not prevaile. My Lord, PRize not your honour fo much as to difprize her that ho- nours you, in choofing rather to meet Death in the field, then Pulchrella in her defires. Give my affection leave once more to diffwade you from trying Conqueft with fo unequall a Foe : Or if a Combate muft be tryed, make a Bed of Rofes the Field, and me your Enemie. The Intereft I claim in you is fuffi- cient warrant to my defires, which according to the place they find in your Refpecls, confirme me either the happieft of all Ladies, or make me the moil unfortunate of all women. PULCHRELLA. A Charme too ftrong for Honour to repreffe. Mus. A heart too poore for Honour to poffeffe. Fall. Honour mufl floop to Vows. But what faies this ? \Reads the other Letter. My Lord, THE hand that guides this Pen, being guided by the am- bition of your honour, and my owne affection, prefents you with the wifhes of a faithfull fervant, who defires not to buy you fafety with the hazard of your Reputation. Goe on with courage, and know, Panthea mail partake with you in either for- tune : If conquer'd, my heart fhall be your Monument, to pre- ferve and glorifie your honour'd afhes ; If a Conqueror, my tongue (hall be your Herault to proclaime you the Champion of our Sex, and the Phoenix of your own, honour'd by all, equall'd by few. beloved by none more dearly then Your owne Panthea. I fayle betwixt two Rocks ! What fhall I doe ? What Marble melts not if Pulchrella wooe ? ACT. HI. sc. ii. THE REHEARSAL. 87 2 Volfciusy?/^ down. Vols. How has my paffion made me Cupid's feoff! This hafty Boot is on, the other off, And fullen lyes, with amorous defign To quit loud fame, and make that Beauty mine. My Legs, the Emblem of my various thought, Shew to what fad diftrac"lion I am brought. Sometimes, with ftubborn Honour, like this Boot. My mind is guarded, and refolv'd to do't : Sometimes, again, that very mind, by Love Difarmed, like this other Leg does prove. JOHNS. What pains Mr. Bayes takes to act this fpeech himfelf ! SMI. I, the fool, I fee, is mightily tranfported with it. Vols. Shall I to Honour or to Love give way ? Go on, cryes Honour ; tender Love fays, nay : Honour, aloud, commands, pluck both boots on ; But fofter Love does whifper, put on none. What mail I do ? what condudl mall I find To lead me through this twy-light of my mind ? For as bright Day with black approach of Night Contending, makes a doubtful puzzling light ; So does my Honour and my Love together Puzzle me fo, I can refolve for neither. \_Exit with one Boot on, and the other off. JOHNS. By my troth, Sir, this is as difficult a Com- bat as ever I faw, and as equal ; for 'tis determin'd on neither fide. BAYES. Ay, is't not, I gad, ha ? For, to go off hip hop, hip hop, upon this occafion, is a thoufand times better than any conclufion in the world, I gad. But, Sirs, you cannot make any judgement of this Play, becaufe we are come but to the end of the fecond 1 Act. Come, the Dance. \Dance. Well Gentlemen, you'l fee this Dance, if I am not miftaken, take very well upon the Stage, when they are perfect in their motions, and all that 88 ILLUSTRATIONS, &>t. Or what hard-hearted eare can be fo dead, As to be deafe, if faire Panthea plead ? Whom fhall I pleafe ? Or which lhall I refufe ? Pulchrella fues, and fair Panthea fues : Pulchrdla melts me with her love-fick teares, But brave Panthea batters downe my eares With Love's Pettarre : Pulchrellas breafl enclofes A foft Affection wrapt in Beds of Rofes. But in the rare Pantheas noble lines, True Worth and Honour, with Affection joynes. I fland even-balanc'd, doubtfully oppreft, Beneathe the burthen of a bivious breft. When I perufe my fweet Pulchrellas teares, My blood growes wanton, and I plunge in feares : But when I read divine Panthetfs charmes, I turne all fierie, and I grafp for armes. Who ever faw, when a rude blaft out-braves, And thwarts the fwelling Tide, how the proud waves Rock the drencht Pinace on the Sea-greene breft Of frowning Amphitrite, who oppreft Betwixt two Lords, (not knowing which t' obey) Remaines a Neuter in a doubtfull way. So toft am I, bound to fuch ftrait confines, Betwixt Pulchrellds and Panthed's lines. Both cannot fpeed : But one that muft prevaile. I (land even poys'd : an Atome turnes the fcale. F.QUARLES. TheVirgin Widow. A&iii. Sc.i. pp. 41-43. Ed 1649. ACT. in. sc. n. THE REHEARSAL. 89 SMI. I don't know 'twill take, Sir ; but I am fure you fweat hard for't. BAYES. Ay, Sir, it cofls me more pains, and trouble, to do thefe things, than almofl the things are worth. SMI. By my troth, I think so, Sir. BAYES. Not for the things themfelves, for I could write you, Sir, forty of 'em in a day ; but, I gad, thefe Players are fuch dull perfons, that, if a man be not by upon every point, and at every turn, I gad, they'l mif. take you, Sir, and fpoil all. Enter a Player. What, is the Funeral ready ? Play. Yes, Sir. BAYES. And is the Lance fill'd with Wine ? Play. Sir, 'tis juft now a doing. BAYES. Stay then ; I'l do it my felf. SMI. Come, let's go with him. BAYES. A match. But, Mr. Johnfon, I gad, I am not like other perfons ; they care not what becomes of their things, fo they can but get money for 'em : now, I gad, when I write, if it be not juft as it mould be, in every circumflance, to every particular, I gad, I am not able to endure it, I am not my felf, I'm out of my wits, and all that, I'm the flrangeft perfon in the whole world. For what care I for my money ? I gad, I write for Fame and Reputation. [Exeunt, Finis Actus Tertii. 90 ILLUSTRATIONS, 1 Colonel Iknry Hoviard, Son of Thomas Earl of Berk/Jure^ made a Play, call'd the United Kingdoms, which began with a Funeral ; and had alfo two Kings in it. This gave the Duke a juft occafion to fet up two Kings in Brentford, as 'tis generally believed ; tho' others are of Opinion, that his grace had our two Brothers in his thoughts. It was Acted at the Cock-Pit in Drury-Lane, foon after the Rejloration ; but mifcarrying on the ftage, the Author had the Modefty not to Print it ; and there- fore, the Reader cannot reafonably expect any particular Paflages of it. Others fay, that they are Boabddin and Abdalla, the two contending Kings of Granada, and Mr. Dryden has in mod of his ferious Plays two conterding Kings of the fame Pla.ce. , , A'ty, 1704. ACT. iv. sc. L THE REHEARSAL. 91 ACTUS IV. SC^NA I. BAYES, and the two Gentlemen. BAYES. Entlemen, becaufe I would not have any two things alike in this Play, the laft Act beginning with a witty Scene of mirth, I make this to begin with a Funeral. SMI. And is that all your reafon for it, Mr. Bayes ? BAYES. No, Sir ; I have a precedent for it too. A perfon of Honour, and a Scholar, brought in his Funeral juft fo : and he was one (let me tell you) that knew as well what belong'd to a Funeral, as any man in England, I gad. 1 JOHNS. Nay, if that be fo, you are fafe. BAYES. I gad, but I have another device, a frolick, which I think yet better than all this ; not for the Plot or Characters, (for, in my Heroick Plays, I make no difference, as to thofe matters) but for another con- trivance. SMI. What is that, I pray ? BATES. Why, I have defign'd a Conqueft, that can- not poflibly, I gad, be ac~led in lefs than a whole week : and I'l fpeak a bold word, it mail Drum, Trumpet, Shout and Battel, I gad, with any the moft warlike Tragoedy we have, either ancient or modern. JOHNS. I marry, Sir ; there you fay fomething. SMI. And pray, Sir, how have you order'd this fame frolick of yours ? BAYES. Faith, Sir, by the Rule of Romance. For example : they divide their things into three, four, five, fix, feven, eight, or as many Tomes as they pleafe : now, I would very fain know, what mould hinder me, from doing the fame with my things, if I pleafe. JOHNS. Nay, if you mould not be Matter of your own works, 'tis very hard. 9 ILLUSTRATIONS, <&v. 1 Bp. Percy fays : This is intended to ridicule the abfurd cuftom of writing plays in feveral parts, as the Siege of Rhodes, Parts i. and n. Killi- grew's Bellamira I and n. Thomafo I. and n. Cicilia and Clo- rinda, I. and II. &c. ; but is principally levelled at the Conquejl of Granada in 2 Parts : which is properly but one play of ten a<5ls, neither the plot nor characters being compleat or intelligible in either without the other. * Bp. Percy confiders that this refers to Conqueft of Granada, Fart II. A(5l iv, ACT. IV. sc. I. THE REHEARSAL. 93 BAYES. That is my fence. And therefore, Sir, whereas every one makes five Acts to one Play, what do me I, but make five Plays to one Plot : by which means the Auditors have every day a new thing. JOHNS. Moft admirably good, i' faith ! and muft certainly take, becaufe it is not tedious. BAYES. I, Sir, I know that, there's the main point. And then, upon Saturday, to make a clofe of all, (for I ever begin upon a Monday) I make you, Sir, a fixth Play, that fums up the whole matter to 'em, and all that, for fear they mould have forgot it. 1 JOHNS. That confideration, Mr. Bayes, indeed, I think, will be very neceffary. SMI. And when comes in your (hare, pray Sir ? BAYES. The third week. JOHNS. I vow, you'l get a world of money. BAYES. Why, faith, a man muft live : and if you don't, thus, pitch upon fome new device, I gad, you'l never do it, for this Age (take it o' my word) is fome- what hard to pleafe. There is one prettie odd paf- fage, in the laft of thefe Plays, which may be executed to feveral ways, wherein I'ld have your opinion, Gentlemen. JOHNS. Well, what is't ? BAYES. Why, Sir, I make a Male perfon to be in Love with a Female. SMI. Do you mean that, Mr. JBayes, for a new thing ? BAYES. Yes, sir, as I have order'd it. You mall hear. He having paffionately lov'd her through my five whole Plays, finding at laft that me confents to his love, juft after that his Mother had appear'd to him like a Ghoft, he kills himfelf. That's one way. The other is, that me coming at laft to love him, with as violent a paflion as he lov'd her, (he kills her felf.* Now my queftion is, which of thefe two perfons mould fuffer upon this occafion ? JOHNS. By my troth, it is a very hard cafe to decide. BAYES. The hardeft in the world, I gad ; and has 94 ILLUSTRATIONS, 1 The Ghq/l [of his mother] comes on^fojtly, after the Conjuration; and Almanzor retires to the middle of the Stage. Ghq/l. I am the Ghoft of her who gave thee birth : The Airy fhadow of her mouldring Earth. Love of thy Father me through Seas did guide ; On Sea's I bore thee, and on Sea's I dy'd. I dy'd ; and for my Winding-meet, a Wave I had ; and all the Ocean for my Grave. J DRYDEN. Conqttejlo^ Granada, P. I. Adi iv. p. 130. Ed. 1671. 1 Almanzor, in Conquejl of Granada. *CT. iv. sc. I. THE REHEARSAL. 95 puzzled this pate very much. What fay you, Mr. Smith ? SMI. Why, truly, Mr. jBayes, if it might ftand with your juftice, I mould now fpare 'em both. BAYES. I gad, and I think ha why then, I'l make him hinder her from killing her felf. Ay, it mail be fo. Come, come, bring in the Funeral. {Enter a Funeral^with the twoUfurfiers and Attendants. Lay it down there : no, here, Sir. So, now fpeak. K. UJh. Set down the Funeral Pile, and let our grief Receive, from its embraces, fome relief. K. Phys. Was't not unjuft to ravifh hence her breath, And, in life's ftead, to leave us nought but death ? The world difcovers now its emptinefs, And, by her lofs, demon ftrates we have lefs. BAYES. Is not that good language now ? is not that elevate ? It's my non ultra, I gad. You muft know they were both in love with her. SMI. With her ? with whom ? BAYES. Why, this is Lardellds Funeral. SMI. Lardella ! I, who is me ? BAYES. Why, Sir, the Sifter of Drawcanftr. A Ladie that was drown'd at Sea, and had a wave for her winding-meet. 1 K. UJJt. Lardella^ O Lardella, from above, Behold the Tragick iffue of our Love. Pitie us, finking under grief and pain, For thy being caft away upon the Main. BAYES. Look you now, you fee I told you true. SMI. I, Sir, and I thank you for it, very kindly. BAYES. Ay, I gad, but you will not have patience ; honeft Mr. a you will not have patience. JOHNS. Pray, Mr. Bayes, who is that Drawcanfir ?' BAYES. Why, Sir, a fierce Hero, that frights his Miftrifs, fnubs up Kings, baffles Armies, and does what he will, without regard to good manners, juftice or numbers. JOHNS. A very prettie Character. 9 6 ILLUSTRATIONS, &c. I have form'd a Heroe [i.e. Almanzor], 1 confefs; not abfo- lately perfecl ; but of an exceffive and overboyling courage, both Homer and 'i affb are my precedents. Both the Greek and the Italian Poet had well confiderM that a tame Heroe who never tranfgreffes the bounds of moral vertue, would fhine but dimly in an Epick poem. J. DRYDEN. Dedication to Conquest of Granada. See alfo on this fubjedl, the prefatory Effay to the fame play, entitled Of Heroique Playes. AC T. iv. sc. I. THE REHEARSAL. 97 SMI. But, Mr. Hayes, I thought your Heroes had ever been men of great humanity and juftice. BAYES. Yes, they have been fo ; but, for my part, I prefer that one quality of fmgly beating of whole Armies, above all your moral vertues put together, I gad. You (hall fee him come in prefently. Zookers, why don't you read the papyr ? \To tJie Players. K. Phys. O, cry you mercie. \Goes to take the papyr. BAYES. Pirn ! nay you are fuch a fumbler. Come, I'l read it my felf. [ Takes a papyr from off the coffin. Stay, it's an ill hand, I muft ufe my Spectacles. This, now, is a Copie of Verfes, which I make Lardella compofe, jufl as me is dying, with defign to have it pin'd on her Coffin, and fo read by one of the Ufurpers, who is her Coufin. SMI. A very (hrewd defign that, upon my word, Mr. Bayes. BAYES. And what do you think I fancie her to make Love like, here, in the papyr ? SMI. Like a woman : what mould me make Love like? BAYES. O' my word you are out though, Sir ; I gad you are. SMI. What then? like a man? BAYES. No, Sir ; like a Humble Bee. SMI. I confefs, that I mould not have fancy'd. BAYES. It may be fo, Sir. But it is, though, in order to the opinion of fome of your ancient Philpfophers, who held the tranfmigration of the foul. SMI. Very fine. BAYES. I'l read the Title. TomydearCouz,King^\^^. SMI. That's a little too familiar with a King, though, Sir, by your favour, for a Humble Bee. BAYES. Mr. Smith, for other things, I grant your knowledge may be above me ; but, as for Poetry, give me leave to fay, I underfland that better ; it has been longer my practice ; it has indeed, Sir. SMI. Your fervant, Sir. BAYES. Pray mark it. 98 ILLUSTRATIONS, &*c. 1 Berenice. My earthly part Which is my Tyrants right, death will remove, I'le come all Soul and Spirit to your Love. With filent fteps I'le follow you all day; Or elfe before you, in the Sun-beams, play. I'le lead you thence to melancholy Groves, And there repeat the Scenes of our pafl Loves. At night, I will within your Curtains peep ; With empty arms embrace you while you fleep. In gentle dreams I often will be by ; And fweep along, before your clofmg eye. All dangers from your bed I will remove ; But guard it moft from any future Love. And when at laft, in pity, you will dye, I'le watch your Birth of Immortality : Then, Turtle-like, I'le to my Mate repair j And teach you your firft flight in open Air. JOHN DRYDEN. Tyrannick Love. Adliii Sc. L p. 28. Ed. 167** ACT. iv. sc. I. THE REHEARSAL. 99 Since death my earthly part will thus remove I'l come a Humble Bee to your chafle love. With filent wings I'll follow you, dear Couz j Or elfe, before you, in the Sun-beams buz. And when to Melancholy Groves you come, An Airy Ghoft, you'l know me by my Hum ; For found, being Air, a Ghoft does well become. SMI. (After a paufe). Admirable ! BAYES. At night, into your bofom I will creep, And Buz but foftly if you chance to (leep : Yet, in your Dreams, I will pafs f weeping by, And then, both Humand Buz before your eye. JOHNS. By my troth, that's a very great promife. SMI. Yes, and a mod extraordinary comfort to boot. BAYES. Your bed of Love, from dangers I will free ; But moft, from love of any future Bee. And when, with pitie, your heart-firings mall crack, With emptie arms I'l bear you on my back. SMI. A pick-a-pack, a pick-a-pack. BAYES. Ay, I gad, but is not that tuant now, ha ? is it not tuant ? Here's the end. Then, at your birth of immortality, Like any winged Archer, hence I'l fly, And teach you your firfl flutt'ring in the Sky. JOHNS. O rare ! it is the mofl natural, refin'd fancie this, that ever I heard, I'l fwear. BAYES. Yes, I think, for a dead perfon, it is a good enough way of making love : for being divefted of her Terreftrial part, and all that, (he is only capable of thefe little, pretty, amorous defigns that are innocent, and yet paffionate. Come, draw your fwords. K. Phys, Come fword, come (heath thy felf within this bread, That only in Lardellcts Tomb can reft. 106 ILLUSTRATIONS, frc. 1 See the Scene in the Villain : where the Hoft fumifhes his guefts with a collation out of his Cloaths ; a Capon from his Helmet, a Tanfey out of the Lining of his Cap, Cream out of his Scabbard, &c -"9/1704. The text of this Scene, which mufl have depended much more upon the acting than the fpeeches for its fuccefs, is as follows : Holt. Tis the Sign of the Pig, and I'm the Mafter of the Cabaret, which (hall give you moft Excellent content. Colig. Say'ft thou so honefl fellow ? faith thou art a very merry honefl fellow ; Sifters, I'l treat you, and thefe Gentlemen, at this Cabaret he talks of ; Prethee honefl Friend where is this Cabaret ? for I long to be in a Cabaret. Hoft. Why here Sir, fit down at this Table, And call for what you will. Delpe. How's this, how's this ? S'death are you one of Urgan- da's Squiers ? pray friend whence fhall the meat, and wine come ? Lamar. From Tripoli on a Broomftick. Hoft. Pray Gentlemen, hinder me not the Cuftom of the young gallant ; Entreat but thefe Ladies to fit down, and break my head If you be not well treated, I'l defire no favour. Colig, Nor no money neither, I hope Sir. Hoft. Truly I won't ; if you be not pleaf 'd above expectation, Ne'r Truft one again of my profeflion. Delpe. Faith Ladies this may prove worth our Curiofity ; Come we will fit down. Maria. What you pleafe Sir. Colig. That's my good Sifter ; Come, come, La Convert, la Couvert. Lamar. This begins to look like fomthing, he's bravely ftuft I'l warrant you, he is fo well hung. Colig. Now Sir, a cold breft of your delicate white Veal. ffoft. Here you hare it Sir. Colig. Nay, nay, and a fallet ? good Sir, a fallet ? Hoji. Well Sir, I muft untrufs a poynt Colig. How Sir, to give us a faUet ? why have you been at grafs ? Delpe. Why d'yee want a boyl'd fallet Mounfieur ? Lamar. Before St. Lei.uis an Excellent Trimming, I'l ha' my next Suit, that I go into the Campaign with, trimm'cl all with Safages. Maria. "Twill make many a hungry Souldier aim at you. Colig. Well thought on ifaith Sir. Come friend, a Difh of Safages, a difh of Safages. Hojt. VVhy look you Sir, this Gentleman only miflook th placing, thefe do better in a belt. Continued at fp.. 104, 106. ACT. iv. sc. I. THE REHEARSAL. 101 K. UJh. Come, dagger, come, and penetrate this heart. Which cannot from Lardellds Love depart. Enter Pallas. Pal. Hold, flop your murd'ring hands At Pallafes commands : For the fuppofed dead, O Kings, Forbear to act filch deadly things. Lardella lives : I did but try If Princes for their Loves could dye. Such Coeleftial conftancie Shall, by the Gods, rewarded be : And from thefe Funeral obfequies A Nuptial Banquet mail arife. [The Coffin of ens, and a Banquet is dif covered. BAYES. Now it's out. This is the very Funeral of the fair perfon which Volfcius fent word was dead, and Pallas, you fee, has turn'd it into a Banquet. JOHNS. By my troth, now, that is new, and more than I expected. BAYES. Yes, I knew this would pleafe you : for the chief Art in Poetry is to elevate your expectation, and then bring you off fome extraordinary way. K. UJh. Refplendent Pallas, we in thee do find The fiercefl Beauty, and a fiercer mind : And fince to thee Lardellds life we owe, We'l fupple Statues in thy Temple grow. K. Phys. Well, fince alive Lardella'?, found, Let, in full Boles, her health go round. [The two U fur per s take each of them a Bole in their hands. K. Ufa. But where's the Wine? : Pal. That (hall be mine. Lo, from this conquering Lance, Does flow the pureft wine of France : And, to appeafe your hunger, I Have, in my Helmet, brought a Pye : Laflly, to bear a part with thefe, Behold a Buckler made of Cheefe. [ Vani/h Pallas. Fills the Boles out of her Lance. 102 ILLUSTRATIONS, S*c. 1 Enter Almahide with a Taper. Almahide. My Light will lure difcover thofe who talk; Who dares to interrupt my private Walk ? Almanzor. He who dares love ; and for that love mufl dye, And, knowing this, dares yet love on, am I. J.DRYDEN. ConqueJlofGranada^.\\, Adiv. p. 131. EJ. 1672. " I will not now, if thou wouldfl beg me, flay ; But I will take my Almahide away. Idem, P. I. Aftv. p. 60. Ed. 1672. 8 Almanzor. Thou darfl not marry her while I'm in fight ; With a bent brow thy Priefl and thee I'le fright, And in that Scene Which all thy hopes and wifhes mould content, The thought of me mail make thee impotent He is led off by Guards. Idem, P. i. Aft v. p. 61. Ed. 1672. 4 Almanzor. Spight of my felf I'le Stay, Fight, Love. Despair, And I can do all this, becaufe I dare. Idem, P. n. A(5l ii. p. 99. lid. 1672. ACT. IV. sc. I. THE REHEARSAL. 103 Enter Drawcanfir. 1 K. Phys. Wh it man is this that dares difturbour feafl? Draw. He that dares drink, and for that drink dares die, And, knowing this, dares yet drink on, am I. JOHNS. That is as much as to fay, that though he would rather die than not drink, yet he would fain drink for all that too. BAYES. Right ; that's the conceipt on't. JOHNS. Tis a marveilous good one ; I fwear. K. UJh. Sir, if you pleafe we mould be glad to know How long you here will flay, how foon you'l go. BAYES. Is not that now like a well-bred perfon, I gad ? So modeft, fo gent ! SMI. O, very like. * Draw. You mail not know how long I here will flay; But you mail know I'l take my Boles away. Snatches the Boles out of the Kings hands, and drinks 'em off. SMI. But, Mr. Bayes, is that (too) modeft and gent ? BAYES. No, I gad, Sir, but it's great. K. UJh. Though, Brother, this grum ftranger be a Clown, He'l leave us, fure, a little to gulp down. 1 Draw. Who e'er to gulp one drop of this dares think I'l flare away his very pow'r to drink. The two Kings fneak off the Stage, with their Attendants. 4 1 drink, I huff, I ftrut, look big and flare ; And all this I can do, becaufe I dare. [Exit. SMI. I fuppofe, Mr. Bayes, this is the fierce Hero you fpoke'of. BAYES. Yes; but this is nothing: you mail fee him, in the laflAc"l,win above adozen battels, one afteranother, I gad, as faft as they can poffibly be reprefented. JOHNS. That will be a fight worth feeing, indeed. SMI. But pray, Mr. Bayes, why do you make the Kings let him ufe 'em fo fcurvily ? 104 ILLUSTRATIONS, &c. Continued front . 100. Franc, A flrange fellow this. Delpe. I, is it not ? come Sir, wine we see you have I Prethee let's tafl the beft. Hojl. That you (hall Sir ; If you'l hear Mufick, and a Song with't, I'm ready : you fhall want nothing here. Sings. Yee may Tipple, and Tipple, and Tipple all out, Till yee baffle the Stars, and the Sun face aboiit. Delpe. Away with your Drunken fongs, have you nothing fitter to please the Ladies ? Hoft. Yes Sir. Delpe. Come away with it then. Hoft Sings. Colig. Mod Excellent ifaith! Here's to thee honeft fellow with all my heart ; nay ftay a little, this is very good Wine ; here's to thee again heark you honeft fellow, let me fpeak with you afide. D'ye Count here by pieces or d'ye treat by the head ? Hoft. I'l treat by the head Sir, if you please ; a Crown a head, and you fhall have excellent cheer, VVine as much as you can drink. Colig. That's honeftly faid ; you know my father friend, tis Mounfieur Cortaux. Hoft. Yes Sir, the famous Scrivener here of Tours. Colig. Well, treat us very well, I'l fee thee pay'd. Hojl. Nay Sir, I'l fee myfelf pay'd, I'l warrant you, before you and I part. Colig. I do mean it fo honeft friend, but prethee fpeak not a word to the Gentlemen, for then you quite difgrace, Sir, your moft humble Servant. Hoft. Mum, a word to the wife is enough. Colig. Come, come, Friend where's the Capon of Brtiges you laft fpoke of? Hoft. Here at hand Sir, Wife undo my Helmet, this, Sir, Is my Creft. Delp. A very improper one for a marri'd man. Colig. Yes faith and troth, he mould have had horns, ha, ha, ha, Here's to yee noble Captain ; a very good jeft As I am a Gentleman : jyelp. I thank you Sir ! Colig. Methink's you are melancholly, Sir ! LnHma. Not I Sir, I can affure you : Lady's hov* Like ye the fport, an odd Collation, but well Contriv'd. Fran. The contrivance is all in all. Concluded at /. 106. ACT. iv. sc. il. THE REHEARSAL. 105 BAYES. Phoo ! that is to raife the character of Drawcanfir. JOHNS. O' my word, that was well thought on. BAYES. Now, Sir, I'l fhew you a Scene indeed ; or rather, indeed, the Scene of Scenes. 'Tis an Heroick Scene. SMI. And pray, Sir, what is your defign in this Scene? BAYES. Why, Sir, my defign is Roman Cloaths, guilded Truncheons, forc'd conceipt, fmooth Verfe, and a Rant : In fine, if this Scene does not take, I gad, I'l write no more. Come, come in, Mr. a nay, come in as many as you can. Gentlemen, I mufl defire you to remove a little, for I muft fill the Stage. SMI. Why fill the Stage ? BAYES. O, Sir, becaufe your Heroick Verfe never founds well, but when the Stage is full. SCHEMA II. Enter Prince Pretty -man, and Prince Volfcius. , hold, hold ; pray by your leave a little. Look you, Sir, the drift of this Scene is fomewhat more than ordinary : for I make 'em both fall out becaufe they are not in love with the fame woman. SMI. Not in love? you mean, I fuppofe, becaufe they are in love, Mr. JBayes ? BAYES. No, Sir ; I fay not in love : there's a new conceipt for you. Now, fpeak. Pret. Since fate, Prince Volfcius, has found out the way For our fo long'd-for meeting here this day, Lend thy attention to my grand concern. Vols. I gladly would that ftory of thee learn ; But thou to love dofl, Pretty-man, incline : Yet love in thy breaft is not love in mine. BAYES. Antithefis! thine and mine. 106 ILL USTRA TIONS, &c. Concluded from p. 104. Mc.ria. What makes my Brother kneel, look, look Sifter. Colig. Here's a health to our noble Colonel, Gentlemen, ye fee 'tis a good one ! L?elp. Yes, and a large one, but if both drink it How mail we lead your Sifters home ! Colig. No matter, Hem : here 'tis Gentlemen, super Nacuhun, Come, come a Tanfey Sirrah quickly. Delp. Has pos'd ye there mine Hoft. Hofl. That's as time mall try, look ye here Sir. The lining of my Cap is good for something. La'mar. Faith this was unlook'd for. D'elp. S'fifh I think all his apparel is made of commendable Stuff; has he not Ginger-bread-moes on. Hqft. No truly Sir : 'tis feldom call'd for in a Tavern, Colig. Nay I've no need on't, faith thou art a brave Fellow : Here's mine Hoft's health Gentlemen. D^elp. Could you procure thefe Ladies a dim of Cream Sir, this will fhew your Mafter-piece ! Hoft. 'Tis the only weapon I fight at ; look ye Gentlemen the thunder has melted my fword In the fcabbard, But 'tis good, tafte it. D'elp. Th' aft my VerdicT; to be the wonder of Hofts, Shalt have a Patent for't if I have any Power at Court. T. PORTER. Th* Villain. Aft iii. Sc. L pp. 4750. Ed, 1663. ACT. iv. sc. ii. THE REHEARSAL. 107 Pret. Since love it felfs the fame, why mould it be Diff'ring in you from what it is in me ? BAYES. Reafoning ; I gad, I love reafoning in verfe. Vols. Love takes, Came/eon-like, a various dye From every Plant on which it felf does lye. BAYES. Simile \ Pret. Let not thy love the courfe of Nature fright : Nature does moft in harmony delight. Vols. How weak a Deity would Nature prove Contending with the pow'rful God of Love ? BAYES. There's a great Verfe ! Vols. If Incenfe thou wilt offer at the Shrine Of mighty Love, burn it to none but mine. Her Rofie-lips external fweets exhale ; And her bright flames make all flames elfe look pale. BAYES. I gad, that is right. Pret. Perhaps dull Incenfe may thy love fuffice ; But mine muft be ador'd with Sacrifice. All hearts turn afhes which her eyes controul : The Body they confume as well as Soul. Vols. My love has yet a power more Divine ; Victims her Altars burn not, but refine : Amid'fl the flames they ne'er give up the Ghofl, But, with her looks, revive ftill as they roaft. In fpite of pain and death, they're kept alive : Her fiery eyes makes 'em in fire furvive. BAYES. That is as well as I can do. Vols. Let my Parthenope at length prevail. BAYES. Civil, I gad. Pret. I'l fooner have a paffion for a Whale : In whofe vaft bulk, though ftore of Oyl doth lye, We find more fhape more beauty in a Fly. SMI. That's uncivil, I gad. BAYES. Yes; but as far a fetch'd fancie, though, I gad, as ever you faw. ILLUSTRATIONS, 1 Maximin. Thou ly'fl : there's not a God inhabits there, But for this Chriftian would all Heav'n forfwear. Ev'n/tfzv? would try more fliapes her Love to win : And in new birds, and unknown beafts would fin j At lead, \ljove could love like Maximin. J. DRYDEN, Tyrannick Love, Adi ii. p. 19. Ed. 1670. *(a) Maximin. Stay; if thou fpeak'fl that word, thou fpeak'fl thy lafl : Some God now, if he dares, relate what's paft : Say but he's dead, that God (hall mortal be. Idem, Adi i. p. 7. Ed. 1670. (b) Maximin. Provoke my rage no farther, left I be Reveng'd at once upon the Gods and thee. Idem, Adi i. p. 9. Ed i6;a ACT. iv. sc. ir. THE REHEARSAL. log Vols. Soft, Pretty-man, let not thy vain pretence Of perfecl love, defame loves excellence. Parthenope is fure as far above All other loves, as above all is Love. BAYES. Ah ! I gad, that Unices me. Pret. To blame my Claris, Gods would not pretend. BAYES. Now mark. 1 Vols. Were all Gods joyn'd, they could not hope to mend My better choice : for fair Parthenope, Gods would, themfelves, un-god themfelves to fee, BAYES. Now the Rant's a coming. 1 Pret. Durft any of the Gods be fo uncivil, I'ld make that God fubfcribe himfelf a Devil. BAYES. Ah, Godfookers, that's well writ ! Vols. Could'ft thou that God from Heav'n to Earth tranflate, He could not fear to want a Heav'nly State. Parthenope, on Earth, can Heav'n create. Pret. Claris does Heav'n it felf fo far excel, She can tranfcend the joys of Heav'n in Hell. BAYES. There's a bold flight for you now ! 'Sdeath, I have loft my peruke. Well, Gentlemen, this is that I never yet faw any one could write, but my felf. Here's true fpirit and flame all through, I gad So, So; pray clear the Stage. \He puts ^em off the Stage. JOHNS. But, Mr. Bayes, pray why is this Scene all in Verfe ? BAYES. O, Sir, the fubjec~l is too great for Profe. SMI. Well faid, i' faith ; I'l give thee a pot of Ale for that anfwer : 'tis well worth it. BAYES. Come, with all my heart. I'l make that God fubfcribe himfelf a Devil. That fingle line, I gad, is worth all that my brother Poets ever writ. So, now let down the Curtain. \Exewit, Finis Actus Quarti. HO ILLUSTRATIONS, ACT.V. THE REHEARSAL. Ill ACTUS V. SC^ENA I. RA.YES, and the two Gentlemen. w > Gentlemen, I will be bold to fay, I'l fliew you the greateft Scene that ever England faw : I mean not for words, for thofe I do not value; but for flate, mew, and magnificence. In fine, I'l juflifie it to be as grand to the eye every whit, I gad, as that great Scene in Harry the Eight, and grander too, I gad ; for, in- ftead of two Bifhops, I have brought in two other Cardinals. The Curtain is drawn up, and the two ufurping Kings appear in State, with the four Cardi- nals, Prince Pretty- man, Prince Volscius, Amarillis, Cloris, Parthenope, 6.\Vho calls the World's great Light T Aur. Aurora, that abhors the Night. Phceb. Why does Aurora from her Clowd To drowfie Phcebus cry fo loud ? Aur. Put on thy Beams ; rife, (no regard To a young Goddefs, that lies hard In th' old Man's bofome ?) rife for fhanve, And mine my Clowd into a Flame. Phceb. Oblige me not beyond my pow'r, I muft not rife before my hour. Aur. Before thy hour? look down, and fee, In vain the Perfian kneels to thee, And I (mock'd by the glim'ring Shade) A fad mistake in Naples made ; Like Pliny, I had loft my life, If I had been a Mortal Wife. Phceb. Thou cam'ft too near the Burning Mount Vefuvio? Aur. Upon thy account, For I took Clowds of Smoke and Fire, (which here from Vulcan^ Court expire) For Morning-ftreaks, Blew, White, and Red, That Roufe me from cold TitAon's Bed. [Phoebus enters -with his Beams T*. JPhceb. Charge not upon me for a Crime, That I ftaid th' utmoft point of time, Before I would put off my Bays, And on Naples fhed my Rays, where fuch a mifchief they have done, As will make Venus hate the Sun, Difcovering to Vulcarfs, eye Where She and Mars embracing lie. Aur. I'm forry Mars and Venus had Such privacy : but I am glad that Phoebus does at laft appear To mine away Aurora's Fear. Phceb. What frighted thee ? Aur. I know not what : But thou know'st all ; what noife is that ? [ Within Vulcan roars out, No work, Rogues ? Phceb. 'Tis Vulcan, in a greater Heat Than th' Irons by his Cyclops beat : He makes the horrour of that noife, Teaching and Knocking his great Boys, (From hamm'ring out Jovis Thuuder) fet ACT r. THE REHEARSAL. 12} BAYES. I, Sir. But how would you fancie now to reprefent an Eclipfe ? SMI. Why, that's to be fuppos'd. BAYES. Suppos'd ! Ay, you are ever at your fuppofe : ha, ha, ha. Why, you may as well fuppofe the whole Play. No it muft come in upon the Stage, that's cer- tain ; but in fome odd way, that may delight, amufe, and all that. I have a conceipt for't, that I am fure is new, and, I believe, to the purpofe. JOHNS. How's that ? BAYES. Why, the truth is, I took the firft hint of this out of a Dialogue, between Phoebus and Aurora, in the Slighted Maid: ' which, by my troth, was very pretty ; though, I think, you'l confefs this is a little better. JOHNS. No doubt on't, Mr. Bayes. BAYES. But, Sir, you have heard, I fuppofe, that your Eclipfe of the Moon, is nothing elfe, but an inter- pofition of the Earth, between the Sun and Moon: as likewife your Eclipfe of the Sun is caus'd by an interlocation of the Moon, betwixt the Earth and Sun ? SMI. I have heard fo, indeed. BAYES. Well, Sir ; what do me I, but make the Earth, Sun, and Moon, come out upon the Stage, and dance the Hey : hum ? And, of neceffity, by the very nature of this Dance, the Earth muft be fometimes between the Sun and the Moon, and the Moon between the Earth and Sun ; and there you have both your Eclipfes. That is new, I gad, ha ? JOHNS. That muft needs be very fine, truly. BAYES. Yes, there is fome fancie in't. And then, Sir, that there may be fomething in it of a Joque, I make the Moon fell the Earth a Bargain. Come, come out Eclipfe, to the tune of Tom Tyler. Enter Luna. Luna. Orbis, O Orbis, Come to me thou little rogue Otbis. Enter the Eanh. Orb. What calls Terra firma, pray ? 128 ILLUSTRATIONS, <&*. To File and Polifh Vulcan's Net, Which he'l catch Mars and Venus in. Aur. What now ? {Laughing Phceb. To laugh the Smiths begin : At furious Viilcan (halting off To meafure his wife's Bed) they feoff. Aur. I'l leave the place ; I can no more Endure the Laughter than the Rear. Tuning Phceb. Heark, they record, they'l fing anon ; 'Tis time for Phcebus to be gone ; For when fuch Lyrick Affes bray, The God of Mufique cannot flay. {Exeunt Phoebus and Aurora. The Cyclops Song (within). Cry our Ware, (Sooty Fellows Of the Forge and the Bellows) Has Jove any Okes to rend ? Has Ceres Sickles to mend ? Wants Neptume a Water- Fork ? All thefe are the Cyclops work ; But to Wire-draw Iron-rods, To File Nets to catch the Gods, What can make our fingers fo fire? Drink, drink, Wine, Zz/>/ar/'-wine. it R. STAPYLTON. The Slighted Maid, pp. 80-83. Eu. 1663. ACT. v. THE REHEARSAL. 129 Luna. Luna that ne'er fliines by day. Orb. What means Luna in a veil? Luna. Luna means to mew her tail. Enter Sol. Sol. Fie, Sifter, fie ; thou mak'fl me mufe, Dery, dery down, To fee thee Orb abufe. Luna. I hope his anger 'twill not move ; Since I did it out of love. Hey down, dery down. Orb. Where fhall I thy true love know, Thou pretty, pretty Moon ? Luna. To morrow foon, ere it be noon, On Mount Vefuvio. \jRis. Sol. Then I will mine. Orb. And I will be fine. Luna. And we will drink nothing but Lipary wine. Omnes. And we, S*c. BAYES. So, now, vanifh Eclipfe, and enter t'other Battel, and fight. Here now, if I am not miftaken, you will fee fighting enough. A battel is fought between foot and great Hobby- horfes. At lajl, Drawcanfir comes in, and kills *em all on both fides. All this while the Bait el is fighting, BAYES is telling them when tojtwut, and Jhouts with 'em. Draw. Others may boaft a fingle man to kill ; But I, the bloud of thoufands, daily fpill. Let petty Kings the names of Parties know : Where e'er I come, I flay both friend and foe. The fwifteft Horfmen my fwift rage controuls, And from their Bodies drives their trembling fouls. If they had wings, and to the Gods could flie, I would purfue, and beat 'em, through the skie : And make proud Jove, with all his Thunder, fee. This fingle Arm more dreadful is, than he. [Exit. BAYES. There's a brave fellow for you now, Sirs. I have read of your Heffor, your Achilles, and a hundred I 130 ILLUSTRATIONS, 1 Valeria, Daughter to Maximin, having kill'd her felf for the Love of Porphyrius, when ihe was to be carry* d off by the Bearers, ftrikes one of them a Box on the Ear, and fpeaks to him th us- Hold ! are you mad ? you damn'd confounded Dog, I am to rife, and fpeak the Epilogue. Epilogue to the fecond edition of Tyrannick Love, 1672. AVy, I-/C4. ACT. v. THE REHEARSAL. 131 more ; but I defie all your Hiflories, and your Ro- mances too, I gad, to mew me one fuch Conqueror, as this Drawcanfir. JOHNS. I fwear, I think you may. SMI. But, Mr. Bayes, how fhall all thefe dead men go off? for I fee none alive to help 'em. BAYES. Go off ! why, as they came on ; upon their legs : how mould they go off? Why, do you think the people do not know they are not dead ? He is mighty ignorant, poor man ; your friend here is very filly, Mr. JPoJmfott) I gad, he is. Come, Sir, I'l mow you go off. Rife, Sirs, and go about your bufinefs. There's go off for you. Hark you, Mr. Ivory. Gentlemen, I'l be with you prefently. [Exit. JOHNS. Will you fo ? then we'l be gone. SMI. I, pr'ythee let's go, that we may preferve our hearing. One Battel more would take mine quite away. \Exeunt. Enter BAYES and Players. BAYES. Where are the Gentlemen ? i Play. They are gone, Sir. BAYES. Gone ! 'Sdeath, this laft Act is befl of all. I'l go fetch 'em again. [Exit. 3 Play. Stay, here's a foul piece of papyr cf his. Let's fee what 'tis. [Reads. The Argument of the Fifth Aft. Claris, at length, being fenfible of Prince Pretty- man's paffion, confents to marry him but, jufl as they are going to Church, Prince Pretty-man meeting, by ehance, with old Joan the Chandlers widow, and remembring it was fhe that brought him acquainted with Claris: out of a high point of honour, break off his match with Claris, and marries old Joan. Upon which, Claris, in defpair, drowns her felf: and Prince Pretty-man, discontentedly, walks by the River fide. i Play. Pox on't, this will never do : 'tis juft like the reft. Come, let's be gone. \Exeunt. ILLUSTRATIONS, & c . * About the time of the Reftoration and for fome years after, the fafhionable hour of dining was twelve o'clock, and the play Legan at three. Bp. Percy. At the end of Sir W. D'AVENANT'S " The Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru. Expreft by Inftrumentall and Vocall Mufick, and by Art of Perfpeclive in Scenes, &c. Reprefented daily at the Cockpit in Drury-Lane, At Three afternoone punctually" London 1658 : is the following notice : ' Notwithstanding the great expence neceffary to Scenes, and other ornaments in this Entertainment, there is a good provifion made of places for a milling. And it mail begin certainly at 3 after noon.' T^i? Rehearsal is therefore fupposed to take place in th2 morning. ACT. v. THE REHEARSAL. 133 Enter BAYES BAYES. A plague on 'em both for me, they have made me fweat, to run after 'em. A couple of fence- lefs rafcals, that had rather go to dinner, than fee this Play out, with a pox to 'em. What comfort has a man to write for fuch dull rogues ? Come Mr. a Where are you, Sir ? come away quick, quick. Enter Players a%ain. Play. Sir, they are gone to dinner. BAYES. Yes, I know the Gentlemen are gone ; but I ask for the Players. Play. Why, an't pleafe your worfhip, Sir, the Play- ers are gone to dinner too. BAYES. How! are the Players gone to Dinner? 'Tis impoffible : the Players gone to dinner ! I gad, if they are, I'l make 'cm know what it is to injure a perfon that does 'em the honour to write for 'em, and all that. A company of proud, conceited, humorous, crofs-grain'd perfons, and all that. I gad, I'l make 'em the moft contemptible, defpicable, inconfiderable per- fons, and all that, in the whole world, for this trick. I gad, I'l be reveng'd on 'em ; I'l fell this Play to the other Houfe. Play. Nay, good, Sir, don't take away the Book ; you'l difappoint the Town, that comes to fee it acted here, this afternoon. BAYES. That's all one. I muft referve this comfort to my felf, my Book and I will go together, we will not part, indeed, Sir. The Town ! why, what care I for the Town ? I gad, the Town has us'd me as fcurvily, as the Players have done : but I'l be reveng'd on them too : I will both Lampoon and print 'em too, I gad. Since they will not admit of my Plays, they mail know what a Satyrift I am. And fo farewel to this Stage for ever, I gad. \Exit. i Play. What mail we do now ? 134 ILLUSTRATIONS, ACT. v. THE REHEARSAL. 135 2 Play. Come then, let's fet up Bills for another Play : We (hall lofe nothing by this, I warrant you. 1 Play. I am of your opinion. But, before we go, let's fee Haynes, and Shirley pra&ife the laft Dance ; for that may ferve for another Play. 2 Play. I'l call 'em : I think they are in the Tyring- room. The Dance done. i Play. Come, come ; let's go away to dinner. f Exeunt onuits. 36 EPILOGUE. [He Play is at an end, but where's the Plot ? That circumftance our Poet Bayes forgot, And we can boaft, though 'tis a plotting Age, No place is freer from it than the Stage. The Ancients Plotted, though, and ftrove to pleafe With fence that might be underftood with eafe ; They every Scene with fo much wit did flore That who brought any in, went out with more : But this new way of wit does fo furprife, Men lofe their wits in wond'ring where it lyes, If it be true, that Monftrous births prefage The following mifchiefs that afflicts the Age, And fad difafters to the State proclaim ; Plays, without head or tail, may do the fame. Wherefore, for ours, and for the Kingdoms peace, May this prodigious way of writing ceafe. Let's have, at leafl, once in our lives, a time When we may hear fome Reafon, not all Rhyme : We have thefe ten years felt its Influence ; Pray let this prove a year of Profe and Sence. FINIS. A List of WORKS Edited by Professor EDWARD ARBER F.S.A.; Fellow of King's College, London; Hon. Member of the Virginia and Wisconsin Historical Societies ; late English Examiner at the London University ; and also at the Victoria University, Man- chester; Emeritus Professor of English Language and Literature, Mason College, Birmingham, An English Garner English Reprints The War Library The English Scholar's Library The first Three English Books on America The first English New Testament, 1526 The Paston Letters, 1422-1509. Edited by JAMES GAIRDNER. 3 vols. A List of 837 London Publishers, 1553- 1640 All the Works in this Catalogue are published at net prices. ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE AND CO. 2 WHITEHALL GARDENS, WESTMINSTER. An English Garner is now ready in 8 vols., bound in brown buckram, with a handsome design by A. A. TURBAYNE, in gold. Sold in sets only, 2 net. An English Garner INGATHERINGS FROM OUR HISTORY AND LITERATURE. *.* Abridged Lists of the Texts ; many of which are uary rare, and not obtainable in any other fonn. VOL I. Large Crown Svo, cloth, $s. net. English Political, Naval, and Military History, etc., etc. 1. The Expedition to Scotland in May, 1543. 2. R. PEEKE'S fight at Xerez with a quarter-staff against three Spaniards at once, armed with poniards and daggers ; when he killed one and put the other two to flight. 1625. 3. The Capture of Cris, in Galatia, by Captain QUAILE and 35 men. 1626. 4. Ranks in the British Army, about 1630. 5. The Return of CHARLES II. to Whitehall, 1660. 6. The Retaking of St. Helena, 1673. English Voyages, Travels, Commerce, etc., etc. 7. The Beginnings of English Trade with the Levant, 1511-1570. 8. The Voyage from Lisbon to Goa of the first Englishman (THOMAS STEVENS, a Jesuit) known to have reached India by the Cape of Good Hope. 1572. 9. The extraordinary captivity, for nineteen years, of Captain ROBERT KNOX in Ceylon ; with his singular deliverance. 1660- 1679. English Life and Progress. 10. The Benefits of observing Fish Days. 1594. 11. The Great Frost. Cold doings in London. 1608. 12. The Carriers of London, and the Inns they stopped at, in 1637. 13. A Narrative of the Draining of the Fens. 1661. English Literature, Literary History, and Biography. 14. Sir HENRY SIDNEY. A Letter to his son PHILIP, when at Shrewsbury School. English Poetry. 15. Love Posies. Collected about 1590. 16. Sir PHILIP SIDNEY. ASTROPHEL and STELLA [Sonnets] 1591. With the story of his affection for Lady PENELOPE DEVER- EUX, afterwards RICH. 17. EDMUND SPENSER and others. ASTROPHEL. A Pastoral Elegy on Sir PHILIP SIDNEY. 1591. 18. JOHN DENNIS. The Secrets of Angling [i.e. Trout Fishing], 1613. Forty years before WALTON'S Angler. 19. Many other single Poems by various Authors. 2 An English Garner. VOL II. Large Crown &vo, cloth, <,s, net. English Political, Naval, and Military History, etc., etc. 1. The Triumph at Calais and Boulogne of HENRY VIII. [with ANNE BOLEYN] and FRANCIS I. November, 1532. 2. The Coronation Procession of Queen ANNE [BOLEYN] from the Tower through London to Westminster. June, 1533. 3. English Army Rations in 1591. 4. Rev. T. PRINCE. A History of New England in the form of Annals, from 1602 to 1633. Published at Boston, N.E., in 1736- 1755. This is the most exact condensed account in existence of the foundation of our first Colonies in America. English Voyages, Travels, Commerce, etc., etc. 5. Captain T. SANDERS. The unfortunate voyage of the Jesus to Tripoli ,' where the crew were made slaves. 1584-1585. 6. N. H. The Third Circumnavigation of the Globe, by THOMAS CAVENDISH, in the Desire. 1586-1588. 7. The famous fight of the Dolphin against Five Turkish Men- of- War off Cagliari. 1617. English Life and Progress. 8. Dr. J. DEE. The Petty Navy Royal. [Fisheries]. 1577. 9. Captain HITCHCOCK. A Political Plat [Scheme], etc. [Her- ring Fisheries.] 10. D. DEFOE. The Education of Women. 1692. English Literature, Literary History, and Biography. 11. F. MERES. A Sketch of English Literature, etc., up to September, 1598. This is the most important contemporary account of SHAKESPEARE'S Works to this date ; including some that have apparently perished. 12. J. WRIGHT. The Second Generation of English Actors, 1625-1670. This includes some valuable information respecting London Theatres during this period. English Poetry. 13. Sir P. SIDNEY. Sonnets and Poetical Translations. Befort 1587- 14. H. CONSTABLE, and others. DIANA. [Sonnet.] 1594. 15. Madrigals, Elegies, and Poems, by various other Poets, An English Garner. 3 VOL. III. Large Crown Szto, cloth, $s, net, English Political, Naval, and Military History, etc., etc. 1. W. PATTEN. The Expedition into Scotland : with the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh or Musselburgh, 1547. This was the " Rough Wooing of MARY, Queen of Scots," whom the English wanted to marry EDWARD VI. English Voyages, Travels, Commerce, etc., etc. 2. J. H. VAN LINSCHOTEN. Voyage to Goa and back, in Portuguese carracks. 1583-1592. This work showed the way to the East, and led to the formation of the Dutch and the English East India Companies. For nearly three years this Dutchman, returning in charge of a cargo of pepper, spices, etc. , was pinned up in the Azores by the English ships ; of whose daring deeds he gives an account. 3. E. WRIGHT. The voyage of the Earl of CUMBERLAND tc the Azores in 1589. This is a part of LINSCHOTEN'S story re-told more fully from an English point of view. 4. The first Englishmen JOHN NEWBERY and RALPH FITCH that ever reached India overland, vid Aleppo and the Persian Gulf, in 1583-1589. They met with LINSCHOTEN there; and also T. Stevens, the Jesuit, see vol. i. p. 130. English Life and Progress. 5. J. CAIUS, M.D. Of English Dogs. 1536. Translated from the Latin by A. FLEMING in 1576. 6. Britain's Buss. A Computation of the Cost and Profit of a Herring Buss or Ship. 1615. English Literature, Literary History, and Biography. 7. T. ELLWOOD. Relations with J. MILTON. This young Quaker rendered many services to the Poet ; amongst which was the suggestion of Paradise Regained. 8. J. DRYDEN. Of Dramatic Poesy. An Essay. This charm- ing piece of English Prose was written in 1665 and published in 1668. With it is given the entire Controversy between DRYDEN and Sir R. HOWARD on this subject. English Poetry. 9. S. DANIEL. DELIA. [Sonnets.] 1594. 10. T. CAMPION, M.D. Songs and Poems. 1601 1613, n. Lyrics, Elegies, etc., by other Poets. An English Garner. VOL IV. Large Crown Svo, cloth, $s. net. English Political, Naval, and Military History, etc., etc. 1. E. UNDERBILL, " the Hot Gospeller," Imprisonment in 1553, with Anecdotes of Queen MARY'S Coronation Procession, WYATT'S Rebellion, the Marriage of PHILIP and MARY, etc. 2. J. Fox. The Imprisonment of the Princess ELIZABETH. I554-I555- 3. Texts relating to the Winning of Calais and Guisnes by the French in January, 1556. 4. The Coronation Procession of Queen ELIZABETH. January, 1559- 5. Sir THOMAS OVERBURY. Observations of Holland, Flanders, and France, in 1609. A most sagacious Political Study. 6. JAMES I. The Book of Sports. 1618. 7. Abp. G. ABBOTT. Narrative of his Sequestration from Office in 1627 by CHARLES I., at the instigation of BUCKINGHAM and LAUD. 8. Major-General Sir T. MORGAN. Progress [i.e. March] in France and Flanders, with the 6,000 " Red Coats" at the taking of Dunkirk, etc., in 1657-8. English Voyages, Travels, Commerce, etc., etc. 9. The first Britons who ever reached the city of Mexico : T. BLAKE, a Scotchman, before 1536; and J. FIELD and R. TOMSON, 1556. 10. The wonderful recovery of the Exchange from forty-five Turkish pirates of Algiers by J. RAWLINS and twenty-four other slaves. February, 1622. English Life and Progress. 11. T. GENTLEMAN. England's Way to Win Wealth. [Fish- eries.] The Dutch obtained more wealth from their Herring Fishery along tlie English, shores than the Spaniards did from their American gold mines. English Poetry. 12. ? T. OCCLEVE. The Letter of CUPID. 1402. 13. L. SHEPPARD. JOHN BON and Mast[er] PARSON. [A Satire on the Mass.] 1551. 14. Rev. T. BRICE. A Register of the Tormented and Cruelly Burned within England. 1555-1558. These verses give the names of most of the Marian Martyrs. 15. J. C. ALCILIA ; PHILOPARTHEN'S loving folly ! [Love PoemsJ 1595. 16. G. WITHER. Fair VIRTUE, the Mistress of PHIL'ARETE. 1622. This is WITHER'S masterpiece. Over 6,000 lines of verse in many metrical forms. 17. The Songs that JOHN DOWLAND, the famous Lutenist, set to music. An English Garner. VOL. v. Large Crown 8vo, cloth, $s. net. English Political, Naval, and Military History, etc., etc. 1. J. SAVILE, King JAMES'S entertainment at Theobalds, and his Welcome to London. 1603. 2. G. DUGDALE. The Time Triumphant. King JAMES'S Coro nation at Westminster, 25 July, 1603 ; and Coronation Procession [delayed by the Plague], 15 March, 1604. English Voyages, Travels, Commerce, etc., etc. 3. The Voyages to Brazil of WILLIAM HAWKINS, Governor of Plymouth and father of Sir JOHN, about 1530. 4. Sir J. HAWKINS. First Voyage to the West Indies, 1562- 1563. This was the beginning of the English Slave Trade. 5. R. BODENHAM. A Trip to Mexico. 1564-1565. 6. Sir J. HAWKINS. Second Voyage to the West Indies. 1564- 1565- 7. Sir J. HAWKINS. Third and disastrous Voyage to the West Indies, 1567-1569 : with the base treachery of the Spaniards at San Juan de Ulna, near Vera Cruz ; and the extraordinary adventures of Three of the Survivors. This was DRAKE'S 2nd Voyage to the West Indies ; and the first in which he commanded a ship, the Judith. 8. Sir F. DRAKE'S 3rd (1570), 4th (1571), and 5th (1572-73), Voyages to the West Indies. Especially the 5th, known as The Voyage to Nombre de Dios : in which, on n February, 1573, he first saw the Pacific Ocean ; and then besought GOD to give him life to sail once in an English ship on that sea, [See opposite page.] English Life and Progress. 9. B. FRANKLIN. ' Poor Richard ' improved. Proverbs of Thrift and to discourage useless expense. Philadelphia, 1757. English Poetry. 10. B. BARNES. PARTHENOPHIL and PARTHENOPHE. Sonnets, Madrigals, Elegies and Odes. 1593. [A perfect Storehouse of Versification, including the only treble Sestine in the language.] 11. ZEPHERIA. [Canzons.] 1594. 12. Sir J. DAVIES. Orchestra or a Poem on Dancing. 1596. 13. B. GRIFFIN. FIDESSA, more chaste than kind. [Sonnets.] 1596. 14. Sir J. DAVIES. Nosce teipsum ! In two Elegies : (i) Of Human Knowledge, (a) Of the Soul of Man and the Immortality thereof. 1599. 15. Sir J. Davies. Hymns of AsTR^EA [i.e. Queen ELIZABETH} In acrostic verse. 1599. An English Garner. VOL. VI. Large Crown Svo, cloth, $s. net. English Political, Naval, and Military History, etc., etc. 1. The Examination, at Saltwood Castle, Kent, of WILLIAM of THORPE, by Abp. T. ARUNDELL, 7 August, 1407. Edited by W. TYNDALE. 1530. This is the best account of Lollardism from the inside, given by one who was the leader of the second generation of Lollards. English Voyages, Travels, Commerce, etc., etc. 2. J. CHILTON. Travels in Mexico. 1568-1575. 3. J. BION. An Account of the Torments, etc. 1708. English Life and Progress. 4. The most dangerous Adventure of R. FERRIS, A. HILL, and W. THOMAS ; who went in a boat by sea from London to Bristol. 1590. 5. Leather. A Discourse to Parliament. 1629. 6. H. PEACHAM. The Worth of a Penny, or a Caution to keep Money. 1641. With all the variations of the later Editions. 7. Sir W. PETTY. Political Arithmetic. [Written in 1677.] 1690. One of the earliest and best books on the Science of Wealth. English Literature, Literary History, and Biography. 8. ISAAC BiCKERSTAFF, Esq. [Dean J. Swift.] Predictions for the year 1708. [One of these was the death of J. PARTRIDGE, the Almanack Maker, on 29 March, 1708.] Other tracts of this laughable controversy follow. 9. [T. GAY.] The Present State of Wit. 3 May, 1711. [A Survey of our Periodical Literature at this date ; including the Review, Tatler, and Spectator.} 10. [Dr. J. ARBUTHNOT.] Law [i.e. War] is a Bottomless Pit, exemplified in the Case of the Lord STRUTT [the Kings of Spain], JOHN BULL [England] the Clothier, NICHOLAS FROG \Hollana] the Linendraper, and LEWIS BABOON [Louis XIV. of Bourbon = France}. In four parts. 1712. This famous Political Satire on the War of the Spanish Succes- sion was designed to prepare the English public for the Peace of Utrecht, signed on n April, 1713. In part I., on 28 February, 1712, first appeared in our Literature, the character of JOHN BULL, for an Englishman. 11. T. TICKELL. The life of ADDISON. 1721. 12. Sir R. STEELE. Epistle to W. CONGREVE [in reply]. 1722, English Poetry. 13. The first printed Robin Hood Ballad. Printed about 1510. 14. W. PERCY. COELIA. [Sonnets.] 1594. 15. G. WITHER. FIDELIA. [This is WITHER'S second master- An English Garner. piece. The Lament of a Woman thinking that she is forsaken in love.] 1615. 16. M. DRAYTON. IDEA. [Sonnets.] 1619. 17. The Interpreter. [A Political Satire interpreting the mean- ing of the Protestant, The Puritan, The Papist.] 1622. VOL. VII. Large Crown &vo, cloth, $s. net. English Political, Naval, and Military History, etc., etc. 1. Sir F. VERB, General of the English troops in the Dutch ser* vice. Commentaries of his Services : at (i) the Storming of Cadiz in 1596, (2) the Action at Turnhoutin 1597, (3) The Battle of Nieu- port in 1600 ; but especially (4) the Siege of Ostend, of which place he was Governor from n June, 1601, to 7 June, 1602. 2. The retaking of The Friends Adventure from the French by R. LYDE and a boy. 1693. English Voyages, Travels, Commerce, etc., etc. 3. H. PITMAN. Relation, etc. For doing noble Red Cross work at the Battle of Sedgemoor this surgeon was sent as a White Slave to Barbadoes, etc. 1689. English Life and Progress. 4. W. KEMP'S [SHAKESPEARE'S fellow Actor] Nine Days' Wonder ; performed in a Morris Dance from London to Norwich. April, 1600. 5. A series of Texts on the indignities offered to the Established Clergy, and especially the Private Chaplains, in the Restoration Age, by the Royalist laity ; including Dr. J. EACHARD'S witty ' Grounds of the Contempt of the Clergy and Religion." 1670. English Literature, Literary History and Biography. 6. Another Series of Tracts, in prose and verse, illustrating tbr great Public Services rendered by D. DEFOE, up to the death o! Queen Anne ; including : D. DEFOE. An Appeal to Honour and Justice, etc. 1715. D. DEFOE. The True Born Englishman. 1701. D.DEFOE. The History of Kentish Petition. 1701. D. DEFOE. LEGION'S Memorial. 1701. D. DEFOE. The Shortest Way with the Dissenters, etc. 1702. D. DEFOE. A Hymn to the Pillory. -1703. D. DEFOE. Prefaces to the Review. 1704-1710. English Poetry. 7. T. DELONEY. Three Ballads on the Armada fight. August,. 1568. 8. R. L. (i) DIEI.LA [Sonnets] ; (2) The Love of DOM DIEGO and GYNEURA. 1596. * An English Garner. 9. AN. Sc. DAIPHHANTUS, or the Passions of Love. 1604. See also above. D. DEFOK. The True Born Englishman. 1701. D. DEFOE. A Hymn to the Pillory. 1703. VOL. VIII. Large Crown Svo, cloth, $s. net. English Political, Naval, and Military History, etc., etc. 1. JOHN LYDGATE. The Siege of Harfleur and the Battle of Agin- court. 1415. [Printed c. 1530.] 2. JOHN Fox. How the Lord Cromwell helped Archbishop Cran- mer's Secretary. July, 1539. 3. JOHN PROCTOR. The History of Sir THOMAS WYAT'S Rebellion. January to February, 1544. [Printed January, 1555.] 4. The True Report of the Burn- ing of the Steeple and Church of Paul's in London. 4 June, 1561. 5. R. W[ITC]. Against the Wilful inconstancy of his dear foe E. T. ? 1566. 6. Is. W. To her Unconstant Lover. ? 1566. 7. W. G. A Love Letter to an unconstant Maiden. 71566. 8. [GEORGE GASCOIGNE.] The Spoil of Antwerp. It is better known as The Spanish Fury at Antwerp. November, 1576. 9. GEORGE ELIOT. A very true report of the apprehension of that arch-priest EDMUND CAMPION and three other Jesuit Priests. July, 1581. ID. [MARY.] TheScottish Queen's Burial at Peterborough, i August, 1587. [Printed 1589.] 11. THEOCRITUS. Six Idillia. Translated by E. D. [? Sir EDWARD DYER.] 1588. 12. Rev. RICHARD HAKLUYT and Captain NICHOLAS DOWNTON. The Destruction, Capture, etc. , of Portuguese Carracks [Santa Cruz, Madre de Dios, Las Cinque Llagas], by English seamen. 1592-1594. 13. [GILES FLETCHER, LL.D.] I, in. i. or Poems of Love. The Rising to the Crown of RICHARD III. September, 1593. 14. RICHARD HASLETON. Strange and Wonderful things that happened to him in his Ten Years' Travels in many Foreign Countries. 1582-1502. [Printed 1595.] 15. WILLIAM SMITH. Chloris,or the complaint of the passionate de- spised Shepherd. 1596. 16. R[OBERT] T[OKTE]. Laura [i.e. Mistress E. CARIL]. The Toys of a Traveller, or the Feast of Fancy. 1597. 17. The Merchant's Daughter of Bristow [Bristol]. ? 1600. 18. [? THOMAS DELONEY.] The Spanish Lady's Love. ? 1600. 19. Sir ROBERT CAREY, after- wards Earl of Monmouth. Account of the Death of Queen ELIZABETH ; and of his ride to King JAMES, at Edinburgh. 25th-27th March, 1603. [Printed, 1759.] 20. T. M. The true narration of the Entertainment of His Royal Majesty (JAMES I.) from the time of his departure from Edinbugh, till his receiving at London. April- May, 1603. 21. MICHAEL DRAYTON. Odes. 1606, and 1619. 22. Love's Garland, or Posies for Rings, etc. 1624. 23. THOMAS, third Lord Fairfax (" Black Tom "). Short Memorials of some things to be cleared during my Command in the Army. 1645- 1650. 24. A Short Memorial of the Northern Actions, during the War there. 1642-1645. 25. Cupid's Posies for Bracelets, Handkerchers, and Rings. 1674. 26. GEORGE VILLIEKS, second Duke of Buckingham. An Epitaph on THOMAS, third Lord Fairfax. ? 1677. 27. W. P. Posies for Rings, or Mottoes fit for Presents. 1677. 28. [BISHOP EDWARD COPLE- STONE.] Advice to a Young Re- viewer ; with a Specimen of the Art (i.e. a Mock Criticism of Mil- ton's L'Allegro). 1807. 29. W. HUNNEMAN. Old King COLE, his life and death. ?iSi>- ?i8 3 7. Engltsb IReprtnts. 6. 7- 8. A" 9- 10. A 12. 13- 14. 1 8. Y"' 19. ^' 20. 21. ^ 22. X 34. 25- 76. 27. 28. 29- 30- TV*;. *. d. Milton Areopagitica . . . 1644 1 Latimer 72* pioughers . . . 1549 1 GOSSOn The School of Abuse . . 1579 1 Sidney An Apology for Poetry . ? 1580 1 E. WebbO Travels . . . . 1590 1 Selden Table Talk .... 1634-54 1 Aseham Toxophihis . . . . 1544 1 AddiSOn Criticism on Paradise Lost , 1711-12! Lyly EUPHUES . . . 1579-80 4 VillierS The Rehearsal . . . 1671 1 Gaseoigne The Steel Glass, etc. . . 1576 1 Earle Micro-costnographie . . 1628 1 LatimeP 7 Sermons before EDWARD VI. 1549 1 6 More Utopia .... 1516-57 1 Puttenham .The Art of English Poesy . 1589 2 6 Ho Well Instructions for Foreign Travel 1642 1 Udall Roister Doister . . . 1553-66 1 Mk. Of Eves. The Revelation, etc. . 1186-1410! James I. A Counterblast to Tobacco, etc. 1604 1 Naimton Fragmenta Regalia . . 1653 1 Watson Poems .... 1582-93 1 6 Habington CASTARA .... 1640 1 Aseham The Schoolmaster . . 1570 1 Tottel'S Miscellany [Songs and Sonnets] 15572 6 Lever Sermons . . . . 1550 1 W. Webbe A Discourse of English Poetry 1586 1 Lord BaCOn A Harmony of the Essays 1597-1626 5 Roy, etc. Read me, and be not wroth ! 1528! 6 Raleigh, etc. Last Fight of the ' Revenge ' 1591 1 Googe Eglogues, Epitaphs, and Sonnets 1563 1 41 6 (For full titles, etc., see pp. 10-19.) IO English Reprints. i. JOHN MILTON. Areopagitica. 1644. (a) AREOPAGITICA : A Speech of Mr. JOHN MILTON For tht Liberty of Unlicencd Printing, To the Parliament of England. (<$) A Decree of Starre-Chamber, concerning Printing, made the eleuenth of July last past, 1637. (c) An Order of the Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament for the Regulating of Printing, &c. 1643. LORD MACAULAY. He attacked the licensing system in that sublime treatise which every statesman should wear as a sign upon his hand, and as frontlets between his eyes. Edinburgh Review, p. 344, August, 1825. H. HALLAM. Many passages in this famous tract are admirably elo- quent : an intense love of liberty and truth flows through it ; the majestic soul of MILTON breathes such high thoughts as had not been uttered before. Introduction to the Literature of Europe, iii. 660. Ed. 1839. W. H. PRESCOTT. The most splendid argument perhaps the world had then witnessed on behalf of intellectual liberty. History of FERDINAND and ISABELLA, iii. 391. Ed. 1845. 2. HUGH LATIMER. Ex- Bishop of Worcester. The Ploughers. 1549. A notable Sen/ion of ye reuerende Father Master HUGHE LATIMER, whiche he preached in y& Shrouds at paules churche in London on the xviii daye of Jamiarye. SIR R. MORISON. Did there ever any one (I say not in England only, but among other nations) flourish since the time of the Apostles, who preached the gospel more sincerely, purely, and honestly, than HUGH LATIMER, Bishop of Worcester"! Apomaxis Caluinniaruni . . quibus JOANNES COCLEUS&C., f. 78. Ed. 1537. It was in this Sermon, that LATIMER (himself an ex-Bishop) astonished his generation by saying that the Devil was the most diligent Prelate and Preacher in all England. " Ye shal neuer fynde him idle I warraunte 3l \ 3. STEPHEN GOSSON. Stud. Oxon. The School of Abuse. 1579. (a) The Schoole of Abuse. Conteining a pleasaunt inuective against Poets, Pipers, Platers, Jesters, and such like Caterpillers of a Cemmonwealth ; Setting ^lp the Flagge of Defiance to their mischieuous exercise and ouerthrowing their Bulwarkes, by Pro- phane Writers, Natur all reason and common experience. 1579. (b) An Apologie of the Schoole of Abuse, against Poets, Pipers, Players, and their Excusers. [Dec.] 1579. V This attack is thought to have occasioned SIR PHILIP SIDNEY'S writ- ing of the following Apologie for Poesie. GOSSON was, in succession, Poet, Actor, Dramatist, Satirist, and a Puritan Clergyman. English Reprints. 1 1 7^4. Sir PHILIP SIDNEY. An Apology for Poetry. [? 1580.] An Apologie for Poetrie. Written by the right noble, verlnous, and teamed Sir PHILIP SIDNEY, Knight. 1595. H. W. LONGFELLOW. The defence of Poetry is a work of rare merit. It is a golden little volume, which the scholar may lay beneath his pillow, as CHRYSOSTOM did the works of ARISTOPHANES. North American Review, p. 57. January, 1832. The Work thus divides itself: The Etymology of Poetry. The Anatomy of the Effects of Poetry. The Anatomy of the Parts of Poetry. Objections to Poetry answered. Criticism of the existing English Poetry. y 5. EDWARD WEBBE, A Chief Master Gunner. Travels. 1590. The rare and most wonderful thinges which EDWARD WEBBE an Englishman borne, hath scene and passed in his troublesome tranailes, in the Citties of Jerusalem, Damasko, Bet he lent and Galely : and in all the landes of leivrie, Egipt, Grecia, Russia, and in the Land of Prester John. Wherein is set foorth his extreame slauerie sustained many yeres togither, in t/ie Gallies and wars of the great Turk against the Landes of Persia, Tartaria, Spaine, and Portugal!, -with the manner of his rekasement and coming to England. [1590.] , 6. JOHN SELDEN. Table Talk. [1634-1654.] Table Talk: being the Discourses '/' 0/THILOMENE. An Elegie. 1576. 12. JOHN EARLE, Afterwards Bishop of SALISBURY. Microcosmographie. 1628. Micro-cosmographie, or a Peece of the World discovered ; in Essays and Characters. This celebrated book of Characters is graphically descriptive of the Eng- lish social life ef the time, as it presented itself to a young Fellow of Alerton College, Oxford ; including A She precise Hypocrite, A Sceptic in Religion, A good old man, etc. This Work is a notable specimen of a considerable class of books in our Literature, full of interest : and which help Posterity much better to under- stand the Times in which they were written. 14 English Reprints. 13. HUGH LATIMER, Ex-Bishop of WORCESTER, Seven Sermons before Edward VI. 1549. The fyrste [setie/tt/i] Sermon of Mayster HUGHE LATIMER, whiche he preached before the Kynges Maiestie ivythin his graces palayce at Westminster on each Friday in Lent. 1549. Sir JAMES MACKINTOSH. LATIMER, . . . brave, sincere, honest, in- flexible, not distinguished as a writer or a scholar, but exercising his powe* over men's minds by a fervid eloquence flowing from the deep conviction which animated his plain, pithy, and free-spoken Sermons. History of England, ii. 291. Ed. 1831. 14. Sir THOMAS MORE. Translation of Utopia. 1516-1557. A frutefull and pleasaunt -vorke of the best state of a publique 'Meale, and of tlte new yle called Utopia : Written in Latine by Sir THOMAS MORE, Knyght t and translated into Englyshe by RALPH ROBYNSON. LORD CAMPBELL. Since the time of PLATO there had been no composi- tion given to the world which, for imagination, for philosophical discrimina- tion, for a familiarity with the principles of government, for a knowledge of the springs of human action, for a keen observation of men and manners, and for felicity of expression, could be compared to the Utopia. Lives of the Lord Chancellors (Life of Sir. T. More), i. 583. Ed. 1845. In the imaginary country of Utopia, MORE endeavours to sketch out a State based upon two principles (i) community of goods, no private property ; and consequently (2) no use for money. . 15. GEORGE PUTTENHAM, A Gentleman Pensioner to Queen ELIZABETH. The Art of English Poesy. 1589. The Arte of English Poesie. Contriued into three Booties : The first of POETS and POESIK, the second of PROPORTION, the third (/ORNAMENT. W. OI.DYS. It contains many pretty observations, examples, characters, and fragments of poetry for those times, now nowhere else to be met with. Sir WALTER RALEIGH, liv. Ed. 1736. O. GILCHRIST. On many accounts one of the most curious and entertain- ing, and intrinsically one of the most valuable books of the age of QUEEN ELIZABETH. The copious intermixture of contemporary anecdote, tradition, manners, opinions, and the numerous specimens of coeval poetry nowhere else preserved, contribute to form a volume of infinite amusement, curiosity, and \3\ue.-CensuraLiteraria, i. 339. Ed. 1805. This is still also an important bpok on Rhetoric and the Figures of Speech, English Reprints. 15 - 16. JAMES HOWELL, Cltrk of the Council to CHARLES I. ; afterwards Historiographer to CHARLES II. Instructions for Foreign Travel. 1642. Instruction* for forreine travelle. Shewing by what cours, and in what compasse of time, one may take an exact Survey of the Kingdoms* and States of Christendotne, and arrive to the practical knowledge of the Languages, to good purpose. The MURRAY, B&DEKER, and Practical Guide to the Grand Tour of Europe, which, at that time, was considered the finishing touch to the complete education of an English Gentleman. The route sketched out by this delightfully quaint Writer, is France, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, the Netherlands, and Holland. The time allowed is 3 years and 4 months : the months to be spent in travelling, the years in residence at the different cities. Y 17. NICHOLAS UDALL, Master, first of Eton College, then of Westminster School. Roister Doister. [1553-1566.] This is believed to be the first true English Comedy that ever came to the press. From the unique copy, which wants a title-page, now at Eton College ; and which is thought to have been printed in i<;66. Dramatis Persona. RALPH ROISTER DOISTER. MATTHEW MKRRYGREEK. GAWIN GOODLUCK, affianced to Dame CUSTANCK. TRISTRAM TRUSTY, his friend. DOBINET DOUGHTY, " boy " to ROISTER DOISTER. TOM TRUEPENNY, servant to Dame CUSTANCE, SIM SUKESBY, servant to GOODLUCK. Scrivener. Harpax. Dame CHRISTIAN CUSTANCE, a widovv. MARGERY MUMBLECRUST, her nurse. IS^rcr} ^maidens. 1 8. A Monk of Evesham, The Revelation, &c. n86[-i4io]. 1485. IT Here begynnyth a marvellous reuelacion that was schewyd of almighty god by sent Nycholas to a monke of Euyshamme yn the days of Kynge Richard the fyrst. And the yere of owre lord, M.C.Lxxxxvi. One of the rarest of English books printed by one of the earliest of English printers, WILLIAM DE MACLINIA ; who printed this text about 1485, in the lifetime of CAXTON. The essence of the story is as old as it professes to be ; but contains later additions, the orthography, being of about 1410. It is very devoutly written, and contains a curious Vision of Purgatory. The writer is a prototype of BUNYAN ; and his description of the Gate in the Crystal Wall of Heaven, and of the solemn and marvellously sweet Peal of the Bells of Heaven that came to him through it, is very beautiful. 1 6 English Reprints. 19. JAMES I. A Counterblast to Tobacco. 1604. (a) The Essays of a Prentise, in the Diuine Art of Poesie, Printed while JAMES VI. of Scotland, at Edinburgh in 1585 ; and include* Ane Short treatise, conteining some Reitlis and Cautelis to be obsernit and esclieivit in Scoltis Poesie, which is another very early piece of printed Poetical Criticism. (b) A Counterblast e to Tobacco. 1604. To this text has been added a full account of the Introduction and Early use of Tobacco in England. The herb first came into use in Europe as a medicinal leaf for poultices : smoking it was afterwards learnt from the American Indians. Our Royal Author thus sums up his opinion : " A custome lothsome to the eye, hateful to the npsej harmefull to the braine, dangerous to the lungs, and in the blacke stinking i'ume thereof, nearest resembling the horrible Stigian smoke of the pit that is bottomless." 20. Sir ROBERT NAUNTON, Master of the Court of Wardt. Fragmenta Regalia. 1653. Fragmenta Regalia : or Observations on the late Queen ELIZABETH, her Times and Favourites, [1630.] Naunton writes : "And thus I have delivered up this my poor Essay ; a little Draught of this great Princess, and her Times, with the Servants of her State and favour." 21. THOMAS WATSON, Londoner, Student-at-Law. Poems. 1582-1593. (a) The '^Karo/JiiraBia or Passionate Centurie of Loue. Divided into two parts : whereof, the first expresseth the Author's sufferance in Loue: the latter, his long farwell to Loue and all his tyrannic. \ 582. . (b) MELIBCEUS, Sive Ecloga in olritum Honoratissitni Viri Domini FRANCISCI WALSINGHAMI. 1590. (c) The same translated into English, by the Atithor. 1590. (d) The Tears of Fancie, or Loue disdained. 1593. From the' unique copy, wanting Sonnets 9-16, in the possession of & CHRISTIE MILLER, Esq., of Britwell. English Reprints. 17 22. WILLIAM HABINGTON, Castara. 1640. CASTARA. The third Edition. Corrected and augmented. CASTARA was Lady LUCY HERBERT, the youngest child of the first Lord Fowls ; and these Poems w~e chiefly marks of affection during a pure courtship followed by a happy marriage. With these, are also Songs of Friendship, especially those referring to the Hon. GEORGE TALBOT. In addition to these Poems, there are four prose Characters ; on A Mistress, A Wife, A Friend, and The Holy Man. 23. ROGER ASCHAM, The Schoolmaster. 1570. The Scholemaster, or plane and perfite -.vay of teachyng children to understand, write, and speake, in Latin tong, but specially purposed for the priuate brynging up of youth in Jentle- man and Noble mens houses, &;. This celebrated Work contains the story of Lady JANE GREY'S delight in reading Pl.ATO, an attack on the Italianated Englishman of the time, and much other information not specified in the above title. In it, ASCHAM gives us very fully his plan of studying Languages, which may be described as the double translation of a model book. 24. HENRY HOWARD, Earl of SURREY. Sir THOMAS WYATT. NICHOLAS GRIMALD. Lord VAUX. Tottel's Miscellany. 5 June, 1557. Songes and Sonettes, written by the right honourable Lorde HENRY HOWARD late Earle 0/" SURREY, and other. With 39 additional Poems from the second edition by the same printer, RICHARD TOTTEL, of 31 July, 1557. This celebrated Collection is the First of our Poetical Miscellanies, and also the first appearance in print of any considerable number of English Sonnets. TOTTEL in his Address to the Reader, says : "That to haue wel written in verse, yea and in small parcelles, deserueth great praise, the workes of diners Latines, Italians, and other, doe proue sufficiently. That our long is able in that kynde to do as praiseworthely as ye rest, the honorable stile of the noble earle of Surrey, and the weightinesse of the depewitted Sir Thomas Wyat the elders verse, with seuerall graces iu sondry good Englishe writers, doe show abundantly." 1 8 English Reprints. 25. Rev. THOMAS LEVER, Fellow and Preacher of St. Johns College, Cambridge. Sermons. 1550. (a) A fniitfull Sermon in Paules church at London in the Shrottdes. (b) A Sermon preached the fourth Sunday in Lent before the Kynges Maiestie, and his honourable Counsel!. (c) A Sermon preached at Pauls Cross e. 1550. These Sermons are reprinted from the original editions, which are of extreme rarity. They throw much light on the communistic theories of the Norfolk rebels ; and the one at Paul's Cross contains a curious account of Cambridge University life in the reign of EDWARD VI, 26. WILLIAM WEBBE, Graduate. A Discourse of English Poetry. 1586. A Discourse of English Poetrie. Together with the Authors indgement, touching the reformation of our English Verse. Another of the early pieces of Poetical Criticism, written in the year in which SHAKESPEARE is supposed to have left Stratford for London. Only two copies of this Work are known, one of these was sold for ^64. This Work should be read with STANYHURST'S Translation of sEneid, I.-IV., 1582, see p. 64. WEBBE was an advocate of English Hexameters ; and here translates VIRGIL'S first two Eglogues into them. He also trans- lates into Sapphics COI.IN'S Song in the Fourth Eglogue of SPENSER'S Shepherd's Calendar. 27. FRANCIS BACON. afterwards Lord VERULAM Viscount ST. ALBANS. A Harmony of the Essays, &c. 1597-1626. And after my manner, I alter ever, when I add. So that nothing is finished, till all be. finished. Sir FRANCIS BACON, 27 Feb., i6io-[n]. (a) Essays, Religious Meditations, and Places of perswasion and disswasion. 1597. (6) The Writings of Sir FRANCIS BACON Knight the Kinges Sollidtor General in Moralitie, Policie, Historie. (c) The Essaies of Sir FRANCIS BACON Knight, the Kings Solliciter Generall. (d) The Essayes or Counsells, Civill and Morall of FRANCIS Lord VERULAM, Viscount ST. ALBAN. 1625. English Reprints. 19 28. WILLIAM ROY. JEROME BARLOW. Franciscan Friars, Read me, and be not -wroth I [1528.] (a) Rede me and be nott ivrotke, for I saye no thynge but trothe. I