m^i A uiiuE TU CONVERSATION s • - I ;•■ T a i; ENGLISH AND CHINESE LANGUAGES liE or AMERICANS AND CHINESE IN CALIFORNIA AND ELSEWHERE. STANISLAS IIERNISZ, M. D., ^ ATTA "ii£ TO TBB U. 9. LBOATION IN FABU ; LATE ATTACRS VO THB 0. I. LEQATIOa III CHOA } MEiaUIIl Of IHB A:I£K!CJV OBIENTAL «' •■ " • — "■' ■—■ . }i < I ■ J, 1 J .X ; I'l HI.ISIIKD BY JOHN !•; JFAVETT ANiJ LI JfDON : TR0BSBR '* CO. A GUIDE TO CONVERSATION IN THE ENGLISH AND CHINESE LANGUAGES FOR THE USE OP AHERICANS AND CHINESE IN CALIFORNIA AND ELSEWHERE By STANISLAS HERNISZ, M. D. ATTACni TO THE V. S. LECATION IN PARIS; LATE ATTACH^ TO THE U. S. LEGATJOM IM CHINA; MEMBER OV VU AMOl. ORIENTAL SOCIETY, tt., tc, Ac. — ft-p^o q-J. » ■ rr 1 -^^iilSiSli^'^OSTOir, PUBLISHED BY JOHN P. JEWETT & C". CLEVEX.AND (Ohio), JEWETT, PROCTOB AND WOUXniNGTON. X.ONDON, TUUBNER t C. ISS4. 711 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1854, by JOHN P. JEWETT & CO. in the Clerk's Office of tlie District Court of the District of Massachusetts. INTRODUCTION. Heretofore the Chinese language was studied only for Missionary purposes, or, as an object of mere curiosity, by a few philologists , whilst among tiic Chinese themselves, the study of the English or any other European language , did not possess even the interest of curiosity. The progress of events in the Celestial Empire, and in our own territories on tlie Tacific, has changed the relative importance of the two languages. The conclusion of treaties with western nations, the opening of the Five ports, and the discovery of gold In California, have caused a vast increase in the trade, more extensive Intercoui-se , and closer relations with tlic ' ' Central flowery people. " A knowledge of the Chinese language is no longer an object of mere curio- sity to those whom business transactions bring Into contact with the Chinese, whilst an acquaintance with the English language has become Indispensable to a large number of the latter who have emigrated, or Intend to emigrate, to California. To supply, on the one hand, to Americans some knowledge of the Chinese idiom, and on the other, to the Chinese, some elemen- tary instruction In the English language. Is the object of this volume. TUE ALPHABET. In order to enable the Chinese to learn to read English an attempt has here been made to make them acquainted, through the medium of their own language, with our alphabetic letters ; with this view an alphabet and spelling-book have been placed at the head of the work. The attempt, as far as the writer is aware, Is a novel one, and from the peculiar nature of the Chinese cha- racters, necessarily Imperfect (I) ; yet, Imperfect as It Is, it wiU, it is hoped, afford an important aid to the Chinese student. (1) Since the above was written I was shown by Monsieur Marcellin Legrand, a copy of R. Thorn's " Chinese and English vocabulary " prin'.cd al Canlon, and in w hich a simiiar attempt is made, thoush not fullv carried out, to represent alphabetic sounds with Chinese characters. b THE RADICALS. The clcmcnls of Chinese words consist of two kinds of charactei-s, called radicals anA primitives or phonetics. The characters called radicals represent each a group or class of ideas ; thus for instance, tlie words sea, wave, river, lake, etc. , etc. , contain as one of their component elements the radical water. Tiie words love, anger, hatred, ihoiight, etc. , contain as an cle- ment the radical heai-t. These i-adicals, arc two hundred and fourteen in nundjcr, or in other words, the Chinese have classified all that tliey can say or think, under 214 groups or classes of ideas, such as, mater, fire, plant, heart, sun, moon, etc. , etc. The second element in Chinese words is the character caWcA primitive or phonetic; this character specifies and fixes the particu- lar meaning of the word, the general sense of which is indicated by its radical. For instance tiie radical water combined with one pri- mitive means sea, combined with another it means river, with a tiiird, it means lake, etc. , etc. Thus then a Chinese word generally contains a radical designating either naturally, figuratively or metaphorically, its general sense, and a primitive specifying its more definite meaning, and also detennining its pronunciation ; hence its name phonetic, or sound-character. A list of all the radicals precedes the grammatical part of the work. Those who may desire to pursue the study of the Chinese language beyond tiie mere acquisition of a few words or sentences, are advised to commence by learning thoroughly all the radicals by heart. They will find a knowledge of them of great assistance, and in fact, indispensable to a thorough understanding of the Chinese characters. By mastering the radicals the student will not only have obtained a knowledge of so many words, but also acquire a key to all the other words in the language, he will moreover be enabled to use with facility the Dictionaries, Chinese as well as foreign, in which the characters are classified undertheir respective radicals. Rlany provincial Dialects and local patois arc spoken in China, but the written language is the same throughout the whole Empire. It is spoken in its greatest purity at court, and by the officers of the government ; hence its name ' ' K wan II wa " or Mandarin Dialect. This work being intended for natives of all parts of the Empire, is written in the ' ' Kwan II wa. " . b in THE OnTIIOGRAPUV. The orlhograpliy adopted in this work in writing tlie pronunciation of Chinese words, is that employed in the Dictiona- ries of Morrisson and Mcdiiurst, and siniplKicd in thtinorc recent pul)lications of American sinologues. The pronunciation should liowever be considered as rather an approximation to, than a perfect rendering of the sound of Chinese words, which with English Icttere, is utterly impossible. There arc in the Chinese language shades of intonation and inflections of voice, which defy the powers of oin- al|)habetic lcttei-s to rendei- iliem. They can be acquired only by hearing them frequently uttered from the lips of natiyes. The general plan adopted in this system of orlhograpliy is to mark the long vowels with an acute accent (') and leave the short vowels sounds unmarked. From the discre])ancics of difTcrent natives in pronouncing the same character it is often difficult to render their most usual sound ; one character is often sounded dilTerently by dilTerenl natives of the same region of country, still more, the same person will at dilTercnt limes pronounce it dilTerently. The learner in using this volume must therefore not be disappointed if he hears a word pronounced by a native not exactly as it is written down. By mixing among the people he will gradually become familiarised with the variations in the sounds. The philological student will not be surprised at this, being well aware of the fact, that the correct pronun- ciation of even any European language can scarcely ever be written down, or acquired from books, but must be the result of as- siduous intercourse with the people who speak it (1). The pronunciation of Chinese words given in this volume will however be useful to the student in aiding him to remember the general sound. (I) It is impossible to write correctly in English the pronunciation of such words as, for instance, joujou, feuUlage, gingembre, bonbon, murmur;, printemps, etc., etc. in French ; or jamas, hallar, cabaHero, etc., in Spanish ; or perdai, oi:eja,estalagem,etc.,ele., In Portuguese j ovCothe, fruhling, gebaitde, nachricht, etc., etc., in German. b The following alphabetical table containing all the vowels, diphthongs and consonants found in the " Kwaii Ilwa" or Mandarin Dialed, was prepared by S. W. AVilliains in his excellent vocabulary (1). 1 a 2 a 3 e li c 6 1 7 i 9 6 M u 12 H Ai.rn.\nETic taiile of the vowels , dipiithoxgs , axd coxsox.vxt? FOUND Ii\ THE " KWAX IIAVA " OU JIAXDARIX DIALECT. as in American, variable, quotu. as in father , far. as in red, bed. as in thc!/, say, tres (Fr.) as in finish , bring , king. as in feel , believe, as in lord, low. as in bull, as ill school , too , ri/lc. 5^ kang. ±y kwd. W te. aiiii die. .© i. po. I ■ /cung. -f-. chi'i. tut 0X '""'• ^^ kau. X=i 13 M as in niarmwre , lane (Fr. ) 15 di as in ayv, or in Hainc (Germ.) 16 du as in noir, round , ploi/gh. 17 aa as in hoii'l , or as if in co-oir, the ow was lengtliened. 18 ei somewhat as in weigh, bey. 21 id as in yard , piastre. 22 idi is a triphthong. Nos. 6 and 15 sounded together. 23 i(/a is Nos. 6 and 17 sounded together. "^" k' tm ^ fa Hi. ^^ kwei. ftp kid. kidi. (I) An En_i!li.-li niid Oiinrsp V(,c.il)iil:iiv (if tlioCdiiit I):a!i'i-I, Ijv S. W. Williams, M..cao b 24 ie 25 iii '21 id 29 ill 30 ill 31 iuc 35 ue 36 Ml 37 iii 38 «' 39 tiz' liO sh' b as in sierra (Sp.), bien (Fr.) somewhat as in create , yea. as in brioche, pi'oche (Fr.) as in articKlate. as in pure , pew. is 6 , 1 1 and 3 rapidly combined. somewhat as in the words chew it , omitting the last letter. short as in Louisiana. as niin, wing, Nos. 12 and 6 united. niPERFECT VOWTLS. the consonants to be sounded full as if a vowell were suffixed, but the voice was suddenldy stopped before it was pronounced. pQ kien. 43 'rh as in puiv, omitting the p. \fn 'rh 'Jri: slue. 48 ch as in citmcli. 5tl chdng. m kioh. 49 chiv as in churcAiiardcn. TjX cliwang. t^ kiun. 50 f as in /ew , f\fc. Jj f»n9- M P>''- 53 h as in ha\c. f ^ hidt. yv kiuen. 54 hiv as in when. l)l hndng. fl ytieh. 55 J soft as injoujou pleasure. Aji». 1;^' stii. 57 k as in A'ite , A;in. ^hJ /■■•««• 58 kw as in awfe'ard. ^X k«)dng. 59 I as in fome. ■^ ling. 60 Iw as in alwavs. ^ Uvdn. H«'. 61 m as in 7;iaim. M '««• ^ tsz'. 62 VI w as in CromtTiell. }'P2 mwdn. ^sk'. 63 n as in nun. 2 VI Ci ng as in singing, leaving off the two first letters. G5 7tw as in omrard. 66 p as ill pippin. 67 pw as in upivarCt. 68 i as in sea , \es. 69 sli as in c/iaise , ship. ||i.j }igaii. H peh. -^p pivan, 1$ 5/l»!. 70 i/ni; as in \viu7(/»()nian. 71 t as in n»lo. 72 ni» .IS in milch. 73 (s as in wif^ , ra(ibone. 74 tsiv as ill baa-!i^ing. 75 tv as in icaat. 76 y as in yet, young. t sitwdng ^T ui. j.m 'M tivan. w tsicing. m tsivdn. IS wd. ffl yung. OF THE T0\ES. To avoid the confusion which would arise from so many homophonous monosyllables as are found in their language, the Chinese make use of certain tones , or innections of the voice , by means of which they give more precision to the words they utter. An approximative idea may be formed of the nature of the tones from the accents that are used in such English words as progress and to progress, rebel and to rebel, perfume and to perfume , etc. , etc. There aie four principal tones called the even (ping shing) the rising (shang shing), the departing (kii shing) and the entering (ji shing). These four tones are divided into an upper and a lower series. It is extremely difficult, if not utterly impossible to convey by b ■ ' ' VII description any distinct idea of sound. As aknowledge of the tones is not necessary m order to be intelligible , but is indispensable to a correct and elegant elocution , and as it can be better acquired by attending to the conversation of Chinese, than from any description, it is considered unnecessary, in a work like this, to enter into any fartlier dcrelopement of the tones, beyond pointing them out to the attention of the student. The Cliinese write in vertical lines from the top to the lK)ttoin of the page , and from right to lefL Sometimes the characters are also arranged in horizontal lines. In this work, it was found more convenient , on account of the English text , to place tlie cha- racters in horizontal lines and so as to make them read from left to right. Not having been able to command the assistance of a native Sicn Sang, (an advantage possessed by sinologues residing in China) , we had to dejiend upon such assistance as could be afforded by the best works in onr possession. The following were the books cliiofly consulted and drawn from: Mediiursts, " Chinese and English dictionary "; Goncalvez, " Dictionnario China-Portu- guez, " " Diccionnario Portugcz China," and " Arte China " " Kang Hi Tsz Tien. " Bridgraan's " Chinese Chrcstomathy " AVilliain's " English and Chinese Vocabulary ". Before concluding this Introduction we feel it to be our duty, as it is our pleasure , to express our sense of obligation and our " warmest thanks" to Monsieur Maicellin Legrand, engraver of the Iinprtmcn'c impcriale, the eminent typographic artist without whose patient industry and skill, and disinterested devotion to oriental literature, this work could not have been published. Mons. Legrand was the first man in Europe to undertake, regardless of expense, and without the hojte of any adequate remuneration , the manufacture of a set of Cliinese tyi)e, which, served not only for publishing Chinese classical and other books in Europe, but were ex|X)rted, for the use of Missionaries to China. The characters employed in this volume form a part of ihe collection of Chinese characters engraved on steel , and cast into b vni moveable type by Monsieur Legrand. These characters , the result of nearly twenty years' labor , are remarkable for great accu- racy, and neatness of execution. It is perhaps not the least interesting fact of our times that Ciiincse books should be printed ia China willi types manufactured " beyond the Ocean," by an " outside barbarian. " Paris. 18"> May 1854. S. II. 35 ^ ffj ff «? ii 5.1 >V/V VPAIV TAD. STfDYrvO THE ENGLISH LA\GVAOE. f= ^ "a "I IS Hioii E\G-Li-sui nwA. You wish to study the English language. Yes, hiU the English is a difficult b ii^m^ m "/f & * S ^ f^ ffl 5E f.' Ni yau hioh Eng-li-shi hwa ino. Hi(')h shi y;iu hioh tanlng-li- language. Not at all, a man of ability may by diligent study of five or six months learn a good deal of it. What are you talking about? Truly it is so. The letters of the English Alphabet can be learned in three or four days. This being the case then it is much easier to learn to read English than Chinese. "gig 7 1* m m a ^^ m ^ ^ 11 ^ fi ^~BXX "fig mm ijiy ;i» -p* % lib WL ^7 »2i> «f ti3 shi hwcT nan hioh. Mu yi'i, yi ko yu pan sz' ti jin yung sin wu lu ko yue ti kung fi'i nang ko hioh to hau liau. Ni shwoh na li ti hwa. Rw6 jen shi die yang. Eng- lishi hwa tsz' san sz' tien kung fi'i tsii'i jinyuen liau. Ri jen jii tsz' tsiu shi Eng li sh shi'i pi chung kwoh shi'i linuyung i men. Certainly it is. But every Chinese who desires to learn to read Enghsh must first acquire a thorough knowledge of the Alphalietic letters and their sounds. Please to tell me how many let- ters there are in the English Alphahet. There are only twenty six letters. Tell me what they are. They are as follows. b a m m fi # f H Tsz' jen,tau ti mei chung Kwoh A m f= "^ m "s as jinyoh hioh Eng-li-shi hwa &Mm&^itt m pie sii yung sin hioh Eng hwa •^zvmm^B tsz' chi shing 'rh hauyung i m # m m m & nang le lu shii tsai hiiu. m FbI "X' "11 "s IS ^j Tsing wan Eng-li-shi hwa yii ki m^^ to tsz'. Pu kw<') yi'i 'rh shi lu ko tsz . Na 'rh shi In ko tsz' shi ft m m ii ffe ^p m shi mo yang shwoh wo chi tan. en St Tsi shi. B m m Bf IS - + ^^ qi^ Aa PS I i B Qq m Yy ■ Z. B b ng Jj H R r ^ Z z Pg K k ^ S s s C c D d pf L 1 B* T t m Ch m # E e :i^ M m -fi U u JL Ph «# F f # N 11 ja V V ^i. Sh «# ^-g S O o PSf W w % Ge 1 11 h jf P p s. X X ^-^ Gi #H Ab rg nfl Bu "STL Da Pfin^ Lu b*;l Ac ns#: By P06 De "ff:^ ^ mz. Ad n^nji Og M^ Di "f EL Go SFf Af W5# Ig BS* Do ^§m Gil SVL Ag nSS Ca ^ns Dii n|f;L Ma •a"S Ak n5#: Ce na:^ Dy Pi 6 Me • ^^ Ka 2p:PS Ci PgB Fo #P^' Mi -HE Ga a^s Co :^m Fu ^Nl Mo -HP? Ba HQP5 Cu ?:7L La Hi "5 Mu •ti;L Be Pfi:^ cy ps^ Le B*:^ Am "S-a Bi "0E Ik R:^ Li )J*E Em :?j-a Bo b ngppf Ok |i"J¥ Lo at/PHf s Gold. Gold- dust. n & Fj fe ^l¥ Gold- leaf. Copper. "fl to pi? &i» SM Iron- ore. l^cbbles. B n E psf liSi 1^ *5 Tin Lead Silver. m B IS M » ^ i& Bf ^ B IK :5K ■ ^ Iron. Brass. Steel. B IB ii Quartz. Mica. Mine. ^ Diamond. Flint. E -a E ^ «• it5 Lime. Marble. Salt. e j^ +4- -7-' -1^ t: Saline springs. E JE E Water. Coal. Meat. b m 7]C ^m Fruit. Beef. Mutton. ^P^ Veal. Pork. Butter, psf '> ^p^ IS 1^ '^^ 10 Tea. Water- melon. % "S m ^ fiH :5fe ^ n Jt Fork. Beans. Bread. # |!ij ^ X a B a-s Sugar- cane. Milk. 11 -a E tf S #L IS. Maize. Sugar. Wine. E H ft E s* m Cup. Salad. Spoon. +- Coat. Knife. Pepper. ±^^ 71 12 Wheat. Carriage. Boots. Barley. Cheese. Shirt. ffl ±» Bed. ^fim Purse. B JTf^ Razor, "0 « EH :i9^ PJttTJ 13 Lantern. Thread. iSSS >H Lamp. Needle. Silk. n m IB* B It Spectacles Pen. *s "5 13 nr< II ^-A- tm li Cotton. Wool. Sword. +4- -It ¥€ ±7] Eggs- Scissors. Hat. Father. Mother. m * ^ ■*fl 15 Paper. Brother. n Ift BIBI Bag. Eiinemy. Fox. s -a \kn ± Mffl Husband. Daughter. n "a n t=Jr 16 Friend. Wife. Wax. m^ ± Ink. Pin. Axe. Plough. m m it Child. Book. Hammer. E A 5 It tsl liO 17 ^* Rope. Son. Shoes. Comb. ^^ Watch. Cap. Dog. Hen. JE nf :! 11 '>ti ^ ^& -PJ- Ape. Cat. Boy, Man. "5 "a pi? •a -r A <» TUB ^WIVEHSITT 18 +A Lund. Bush. Lent, m 'i' Is m Hurt. Rest. Lady. JL 11 2. ^ :S-A Sled. Bond. Help. «■ SPJ 5K I? a* 19 *K Told. Lost. Farm. m 6 i^^P ^T EB Cart. Cord. Bark. M |3Hf Mife Step. Frog. Bend. ti :5K Pg mm m& 20 Rude. Bat. Pig- Tub. fi $L ^1 Pick. Lock. Neck. Fat. E n 5K K Nag. Ton. Key. Ham . 21 Gift. Box. Envy. E ii "a ,6 0gE Dally. Lion. Cow. E Bag. n^ ^ nS ^# Table. Vary. ffl^ r^u 22 =+= Pilfer. Lifter. E 11^ '> i :5s Duty. Local. Mat. ii:^ Tutor. New York. *^ ^emiE 23 =+s Ruby. Staple. Sat. lEi "5 ai'ij Rotten. Hazy. Bet. JE It "a 55c « *lil Nit. Sago. Lesson. E I* if* M ta 24 =s+ Anthem. Murder. JE 5fe "i 25S Broker. Draper. "6 .1 1, 7E Recant. Advent. ^P 25 =is Tender. Invest. 6 Bi Rector. Fencer. 6i|i 1)1^ Kinder. Winder, ?a Tfp fi^ TC 26 -+* Bony. Not. Reason. pg /g PSf >S* ^ PS m RJ ^ Garret. < ^ Z. p M U^ n ^^ :! /£ m Riot. < % PSf * u^ fe ^ Rat. j ng m M ^ II Net. Lazy. Marrow. 5!< -0. If #♦ 27 Remark. Repast. St p-^ ^5c "S fi K Lavish. Vanish. B ^|. ?6ffl E ^ M W Animal. E •a PS J* ^|, E Ravish. II «+-fe ?^J= 28 =+A Cider. Benicia. E ft "0 Jt E Bg E ¥KJ America. Antic. -a E PS PS +4- -f/t E Elder. Mineral. 55c ft E JE PS ¥ 29 Army. Absolute. "5 •a n 5fe ^ Si Customer. Fury. 6 n •a Kg A Savr. California. liBf B B ins =+;t ^0) 30 Dial. E Washington ■ % Fa E5t San- 1V^ 8 Francisco. ^ llj IE iCi United- States. E * m fe ^a 31 a Sacramento/ -a \|5i) Philadelphia< B Hi E Boston. 32 s+= li e ^ m I One. 2 (^^ Two. I;l 3 Three. (m 4 Four. 5 Five. H E 6 Six. 7 Seven . v^^ ± -b 33 8 Eight. 9 Nine, lO Ten. A ^ + II Eleven. 13 Twelve. to + - JL to + - Thirteen. i4 Fourteen. ^ 9L + = It + 5K M 34 B+a i5 Fifteen. E + ,ii 16 Sixteen. ± + X^ /-fe Seventeen. \ JB * M + -tr »■ H+E l8 Eighteen. »9 Nineteen. 1^ ^5c + A 5K + A 20 Twenty. ;6 Itj - + 21 Twenty one. - + " 36 stA 22 Twenty two. Z^ ;l 23 Twenty three. * M ^ 7! =4 Twenty four. + 37 Ht-fe 25 Twenty five. + E 26 Twenty six. :=i + p^ 27 Twenty seven. % + -t 3S !£+A 28 Twenty eight. ;:: + A =9 Twenty nine. M M B :5^ = + ^ 3o Thirty. 40 Forty. E z. E + + 39 Et*. 5o Fifty. 60 Sixty. 1^^ 6 ± E + :^ + 70 Seventy. Z^ -h + 80 Eighty. 90 Ninety. A + 21. It :^ + 6 40; mt lOO Onehiindred. ^ / V X "If i,ooo One thousand. M ^ 10,000 Ten thonsand. 5!< Pi 41 100,000 Iliindred thousand. "if m "i + 1,000,000 V /^ One million./ -H B B ~ HM ^ ^/W t^: y^ =i PROGRESSIVE CHINESE AND ENGLISH EXERCISES. RADICALS. ^ W TSI PU. ^ CHARACTERS OF ONE STROKE. I — ' j-^- One. 7 'ih. Two. 2 1 Aivdn. A perpendicular stroke. 8 t. to. A point over a line 3 ^ chu. A point. 9 A i jin. A man. 4 y pe. A stroke to the left. 10 ;l Jin. A man walking. 5 z. y^- A crooked stroke. II A /'• To enter. 6 ] fihi. A hooked stroke. 12 A pah. Eight. CnARACTERS OF TWO STROKES. i3 n Idung. The uttermost border. i4 /— * me. A covering. i5 ^ ping. An icicle. iG /L hi. A bench, a table. 17 U lihau. A receptacle. 18 77 ij tau. A sword, a knife. 19 :* li. Strength. 20 ^ pdu. To fold up. 21 t pi. A spoon. 22 n fang. A square vessel. 23 c hi. To conceal. 24 + ski. Ten. 25 ^ pu. To divine 26 |JP tsi. A knot. 27 r hau. An overhanging precipice 28 A sz . Private, selfish. 29 X ■yd. Again, also. CH.UIACTERS OF THREE STROKES. 3o pn kau. The mouth. 3i U luvui. An inclosure. 32 + i tu. The ground. 33 sz\ A scholar. 34 ^ chi. To come up from behind 35 ^ sui. To walk lowly. 3fi ^ si. The evening. 46 111 shan. A mountain. 37 A td. Great. (K 38 -K nii. A daughter, woman. 47 { chuen. A stream. 39 ? tsz\ A son. « 40 )J^ mien. A shed , to cover. 48 T Aung. Work. 41 -f tsun. An inch. 49 a Ai. Self. 4j 'Y siau. Little. 5o ^ kin. A napkin. % 5i T kan. A shield. 43 it wang. Lame. 52 ^ yau. Young. 'jl 53 r yen. A shelter. 44 P shi. A corpse. 54 i. Yin. To go a journey. 45 •f clihi. A bud. 55 fr kung. To fold the hands 56 -t jih. An arrow. 57 ^ hung. A bow. 58 i ki. A pig's head. 59 ^ san. Hair, feathers 6o 4 chih. To step. CUARACTEnS OF FOUR STROKES. Gi &f sin. The heart. 62 :% ko. A lance. 63 P hu. A door. 64 ^i shall. A hand. 65 ± chi. A branch. 66 ^i pull. A tap. 67 3v y* wan. 68 ^f- tau. 69 Jx kin. 70 ^ f<^"S- 71 ^ wu. 72 H y'- 73 >• 74 f\ jue- 75 Tfv WM. 76 yC kien. 77 it c/»". 78 ^ /«7. An ornament. A peck. A hatchet, a pound. A square. Not. The sun. To speak. The moon. Wood. To owe. To stop. Bad. 4 79 ^C 80 -^ 82 ^ 83 ft 84 ^ 85 ;^ J' shui. 86 j)C 87 ;r shall , (vu. pi. mdu. shi. /a. n\\ 88 ^ 89 ^ chau. fa. hiau. To kill. Without, a denial. To compare. Hair. A clan. Vapor. Water. Fire. Nails. Father. To blend. 90 p^ c/uvang. Bedstead. 91 )l P'^"- A splinter. 92 W ^«- The grinders. . 93 ^ If niu. A Cow. 94 y^ ^ Allien. A dog. 95 2^ hiuen. Sombre. CHARACTERS OF FIVE STROKES. 96 T J ju. A gem. 97 it '^"^«- A melon. 98 ^ wa. A tile. 99 J /a«. Sweet. 100 /^ - sang. Life , to live. 101 ffl J««^- To use. /_, OP IBB ^ 1 O-WIVERSTT 102 p- tien. A field. io3 J^ siu. A foot. io4 f^ nih. Sickness. io5 y^ po- To straddle. io6 ^ pe. White. Jf>7 ife pi. The skin. io8 im miiig. A vessel. 109 @ mil. The eye. no ::g-* mau. A spear. III ^ shi. A dart. 112 ^ shi. A stone. ii3 ;|| she. To mainfest. 1x4 p3 joiv. The print of a clow. ii5 Tl^ h6. Grain. 116 /\ liiue. A cave. 1 1 7 _)/. ^'' To stand. CHARACTERS OF SIX STROKES. 118 #"* dm. Bamboo. "9 % mi. Rice. 120 3k me. Silk. 121 ffi- fo. A jar. 122 i)r (Pang. A net. 123 n- jdng. A sheep. 124 m JU. Wings, feathers. 125 ^ lau. Old. 1 i37 ^ cho. A boat. 126 W 'rh. Whiskers, and. i38 E: A an. disobedient. I2V * lui. The handle of a plough. 1 39 fe se. The countenance 128 ir 'rh. The ear. 1 40 i|ii|i++ tsau. Grass. 129 ^ yih. A pencil i4i ;fe hu. A tiger. i3o I^B jau. Flesh. 143 x^^ chung. An insect. i3i E chin. A servant. A statesman. 143 u hiue. Blood. 1 32 S tsz'. Self. 144 It hing. Togo. 1 33 ¥ chi. To arrive at. 145 5fe I. Clothes. 1 34 H kiu. A mortar. 146 itU ya. To Cover over. i35 S she. The tongue. CHARACTERS OF SEVEX STROKES. 1 36 ^t chuen. To oppose. • 47 M kien. To see. 48 fi kidh. A horn. 49 o yen. A word. 5o n ku. A valley. 5r 3 tau. Pulse. 52 m chi. A pig. 53 ^ ch'he. A reptile. 1 54 ^ pei. A tortoise shell [55 # tsei. Red. [56 ^ tsau. To run , to go. '57 £ tsu. The leg. 1 58 # shin. The body. i5q m ku. A carriage. i6o ^ sin. Bitter. i6i fk 'shin. An hour. 162 ^ ^ c/j'/io. To go and stop by fits and starts. i€3 aii j-ih. A city. 164 m ju. To ripen. i65 ^ pien. To distinguish. 166 ¥ li. A hamlet. CHARACTERS OF EIGHT STROKES. 167 A kin. Metal. 168 S chang. Long. 169 n mun. A door. 9 lyo *i5 fau. A mound. 171 ^ tae. To reach to. 172 n chui The short tail of a bird. 173 \M yu. Rain. 174 =1* P3 tsing. Green. 175 $¥ fi. To oppose, a denial. CIIARACTEnS OF NINE STROKES. 176 sr mien. The foce. 177 ¥ /cell. Untanned leather. 178 ^ ivei. Tanned leather. »79 i\i kiu. Leeks. 180 It jin. A Sound. 181 ^ hie. The head. 182 JH fung. The wind. i83 fH fi. To fly. 184 ^ shi. To eat. 1 85 pf shau. The human head. 186 ^ hiang. Fragrant. CnARACTERS OF TEN STROKES. 187 5^ md. A hoi-se. 188 *^ Xtt. A bone. ^9^ 1^ '^<^"- High. 190 Tv^ piaii. Long hairs. 191 Pi ^<'^'^- '^''^^ warriors fighting. 10 192 193 194 201 l^ ch'hang. Fragrant wine. 1^ lei. A Caldron. ^ /avei. A departed spirit. CHARACTERS OF ELEVEX STROKES. A fish. A bird. Salt. A stag. Grain. Hemp. CHARACTERS OF TWELVE STROKES. r hivdng. Yellow. 195 4n\ yu. 196 niau. 197 It lu. 198 ii lu. 199 M mi. 200 Wi md. 202 -^^ 2o3 2o4 shu. Millet. hi. Black. die. To sew, to embroider. CHARACTERS OF THIRTEEN STROKES. 20: -6 ff] 207 fj^ 208 M, mang. ting, ku. slm. A toad. A tripod. A drum. A mouse. 209 CHARACTERS OF FOURTEEN^TROKBS. The nose. 11 2IO ^^ tsi. Even on the top. CHARACTEns OF FIFTEEN STROKES. 211 ^ chi. The teeth. CHARACTERS OF SIXTEEN STROKES. 212 ^g iung. A dragon. 2 1 3 ^^ ^ivei. A turtoise. 2i4 ]^ ^o''^- A pipe. I. Thou. He. We. You. Thev. I have. Thou hast. « - - M X li 1'J' -fill ^kin i*n ikf\ ?k* #* 13 Wo. Ni. Ta. Wo mun. Ni mun. Ta mun. Wo yu. Ni yii. 1i He has. iii^ Tayu. We have. m m * Wo mun yu. You have. i*ffl^ Ni mun yu. They have. ftffl^ Ta mun yii. Gold. ^ Kin. Gold dust. &^^ Kin sha. Gold leaf. #jS Kin poh. Silver. II.. a ^ Yin, pekin. Iron. m Tie. Iron ore. li?I Tie kwang. Steel. IB Kang. 13 Copper. Brass. Tin. Lead. Mine. Mica. Quartz. Pebbles. Coal. Diamond. Flint Lime. m nm 00 Tung. Hwang tiing. Se. Yuen. Kwang. Kin sing shi. Tsing. Ngo Iwan shi. Shi mei. Kin kangshi. Ho shi. Pe hwui. 16 Marble. Salt. Salt jietre. Saline springs. Ilwa shi. Yen. Pa siau. Yen chi. I have gold. Thou hast gold dust. He has gold leaf. We hive silver. You have iron. They have iron ore. # ^ ^ ^i^ tfe m ^i ig.w # ffl * m ill 111 ^^ m m W6 yii kin. Niyiikin sha. Ta yu kin poh. Wo mun yu yin, pe kin. Ni nuui yu tie. Ta mun yii tie Rwang. 17 I had. Thou had St He had. We had. Ik nm^ ik ^;£ n * f* ^ m ^ j* fr nf ^ I ^* « « ^ [ # ^ H# ^ tfe ffl ^ m ^1 Wo sien shi yi'i. Wo tsien shiyi'i. Wo tsiing tsien yi'i. Ni sien shi yii. Ni tsien shiyii. Ni tsung tsien yi'i. Ta sien shi yti. Til tsien shi yi'i. Ta tsung tsien yu. Wo mun sien shi yu. J8 We had. You had. They had. ( * 111 m m * «c -fn « m * i*1Pi* Ht^ # in fit H*-l3 1* in « HiJ In itiiin* IJ#% liin It uf ^ ii in If HIJ ^ W6 mun tsien shi yi'i. Wo mun tsung tsien yu. Ni mun sien shi yii . Ni mun tsien shi yu. Ni mun tsung tsien yii. Ta mun sien shi yu. Ta mun tsien shi yu. Ta mun tsung tsien yii. 19 I had steel. Tiiou hadst copper, He had brass. We had tin. You had lead . They had a mine. 1* It m a m ^ fn * Hf 'fr m i$ in If m * m * in ffi i!f * - 10 m W6 sien shi yu kang. Ni tsien shiyii lung. Ta tsung tsien yi'i hwang tiing. Wo mun sien shi yi'i se. Ni mun tsien shiyuyuen. Ta mun tsung tsien yi'i yi ko, Kwang. I shall have. ^- m ^ HI * ^ Wo tsiii yu. W6 tsiang lai yu. Wo hau lai yii. 20 Thou wilt have. He will have. We shall have. w m * # m * ^ -f* ^i * ^ « It * ^f ^- if\ m ^ ^ in M * ^a -^fe ff I ii * * Ni tsii'iyii. Ni tsiang lai yu. Ni hau lai vi'i. Ta tsiu yu Ta tsiang lai yi'i. Ta hail lai vi'i. Wo mun tsii'i yi'i. Wo mun tsiang lai yu. Wo mun hau lai ) ii. 21 You will have. They will have. I shall have mica. Thou wilt have quartz. He will have pebbles. We shall have coal. i* m m ^ 1* v\ iti^^ ifi in m ti 1i i?\ u * * « in ii * ^j W sTl ^f ^ * 5 1* )lf * * lil 14 i& * ii m 0p ^ ik in Wi ^T ^5 « Ni mini tsfu yu . Ni mun tsiang lai yii. Ni mun hau lai yii. Ta mun tsiu yu. Ta mun tsiang lai yu, Ta mun hau lai yu. Wo tsiu yu kin sing shi. Ni tsiang lai yu tsing. Ta hau lai yii ngo Iwan shi. Wo mun tsiu yii shi mei. 22 You will have diamonds They will luive flint. Let me have. Have thou. Let him have. ■fi ffl 1$ * ^ i)c ^ e- ^ # ^' Ni mun tsiang lai yii kin kang. shi. Tii mun hau lai y'i ho shi. Shang w6 yu. Hii wu yi'i. Cluui wo yu. Wuyau ni yu. Tsing ni yu. Hii tayii. 23 Let lis have. Have ye. Let them have. W ik in * f* in & * it « m * Ilil wo mun yi'i. Ni mun tsi yii Wu yau ni mun tsi yd. Hii ta mun yu. Let me have hme. Have thou marble. t^&n §ft 1* ^ ^ 5" H^ ^ 4* ^ ^s 5 Shang w6 yu pe hwui. Tsing ni yu hwa shi. Wu yau ni yu hwa shi. 24 Let him have salt. Let us have salt peter. Have ye flint. Let them have saline springs. I have not. Thou hast not. He has not. We have not. . You have not. They have not. it -li * m Hi'i ta yi'i yen . It tfe in =t ih m Hii w(') mnn yi'i pu siau. m 1* -m * ik. ^ Tsing ni mun yi'i ho shi It '1 ' " -#■ ej m Hii ta mun yi'i yen chi. ^ m * Wo mu yu. ■f*i4* Ni muyi'i. «J4^ Ta mu yii. ?fe m ?4 =*• Wo mun mu yu. # fn 'Ik ^ Ni mun mu yii. ik m m ^ Ta mun muyi'i. ZO I had not. Ik :* Hf IS * Wii sien shi mu yii. Thou hadst not. 1$ it Pt JS * Ni tsien shi mu yu. He had not. it « It IS * Tii tsung tsien mu yii. We had not. tfe m fit if IS * Wo mun tsung tsien mu yii You had not. ■f* in Hf Ht IS * Ni mun tsien shi mii yii. They had not. ft in ^ Bt IS * Ta mun sien shi mu yu . I shall not have. tfe m IS * • Wo tsiii mu yu . Thou wilt not have. ■f* It * IS t Ni hau lai mu yu. He will not have. ft » * IS * Ta tsiang lai mu yu. We shall not have. sfe in m IS * Wo mun tsiu mu yii. You will not have. 1* in » ^ IS *- Ni mun tsiang lai mu yii. They will not have. ft in ^i ?fe IS * Ta mun hau lai mu yu. •2(\ Bread. Meat. Water. Wine. Fruit. Beef. Mutton. Veal. Pork. Beans. Cabbage. Carrot, m M 1*1 ±± •ft* fii Mien pan. Jau. Shiii. Tsiii. R\v6 tsz' Niii jau. Yang jau. Siau niii jau. Chu jau. Tsan tau. Ye tsai. Rung 16 pe. 27 Cauliflowers. Cayenne pepper. Celery. Cucumber. Garlik, Ginger. Melon. Mustard. Onions. Irish potatoes. Sweet potatoes. Pumpkins. iSlfal ik ism Hwa ye tsai. Tsiau. Tang kau. Hwang kwa. Tsing swan. Kiang. Kwa. Kiai tsiii. Tsung tau. Ho Ian shii. Kung shu. Tung kwa. 28 Hire. Apples. Almonds. Oranges. Peaches. Grapes. Olives. Mi. Ping kw6. Hang jin. Sz' kwei kie. Tau. Pi'i ti tsz'. Tsing kwo. I have no bread Thou hast no meat. He has no Avater. ^ n ^J li -S ^* 'i% ^ i^ W6 mu yii mien pan. Ni mu yii jau. T,i muyu shui. 29 We have no wine. You have no fruit. They have no beef. I had no mutton. Tliou hadst no veal. He had no pork. We had no beans. You had no cabbage. They had no carrot. ^l 111 m * f* f\ m * m 111 ?^ ^f 1^ ^ Hf m i$ t m J3: m « «j m ^- 111 « It a. 1* m « It +4- as m in ^ p# JS Ki^ ^- l/i) *¥^=I * '> ^ *-|Sp^ 1^ ^f a ?^ ^j m m ^T IE Wo mun niu yu tsii'i. Ni mun mu yu kwo tsz'. Ta mun mu yi'i niu jau. Wo sien shi mu yu yang jau. Ni tsien shi mu yu siau niu jau. Ta tsuug tsien mu yu chi'i jau. Wo mun tsung tsien mu yu tsan tau. Ni mun tsung tsien mu yu ye tsai. Ta mun sien shi mu yu kung 30 I shall have no cauliflowers. Thou wilt have no Cayenne pepper. He will have no celery. We shall have no cucumber. You will have no garlic. They will have no ginger. Let me have no melon. Have thou no mustard. Let him have no onions. Let us have no potatoes. SI r ^/-& i tt II * M M * ±± m ^ m m i$ m » ?fe Jt ^ w m in It it- m ?s i« ife in ?t ^f 5f ^- ?S ^T "lii "i lo pe. W6 tsiii mu yi'i hwa ye tsai. Ni hau lai mu yi'i tsiau. Ta tsiang lai mu yi'i tang kau. Wo mun tsii'i mu yu hwang kwa. Ni mun tsiang lai mu yu tsing. swan. V Ta mun hau lai mu yu kiang. Shang wo mu yu kwa. Wu yau ni mu yii kiai tsai, Hii ta mu yu tsung tau. Chun wo mun muyil holan shu. V- \ B R A i OF TBB Have ye no sweet potatoes Let them have no pumpkins. Havel. Hast thou. Has he. Have we. Have you. Have they. Had I. m f* fi js ^ E m *i-^ J5^ # * 1g * « ^f m * ife in tj fs * f* f 1 ^ ?5 * fi m^m^ & ^ HI * JS ^ tJWIVERSITT 31 shu. ^'^^^aifSSSi^ Tsiiig ni mun mu yi'i hung shu. Hii ta mun mun mu yii tungkwa. Wu yu mu yi'i. Ni yu mu yu. Ta yii mu yii. Wo mun yii mu yii . Ni mun yu mu yii. Ta mun yu mu yu. Wu sien shi yii mu yii. 32 Hadst thou. Had he. Had we. Had you. Had they. Shall I have. Wilt thou have. Will he have. Shall we have. Will you have. Will they have. m ^ /■i' 71 mm 7lf * IS* ?«* ■ *t5* *ts* *?5* * ?5* ?s*- ?5* *J5* *l$* Ni tsung tsien yii mu yii. Ta tsien shi yu mu yi'i. Wo mun sien shi yu mu yu. Ni mun tsien shi yii nniyii. Ta mun tsung tsien yii mu yii. Wu tsiO yii mu yii. Ni tsiiing lai yii mu yii. Ta hail lai yii mu yii. Wo mun tsiii yii mu yii. Ni mun hau lai yii mu yii. Ta mun tsiang lai yii mu yi'i. 33 Butter. Cheese, aiilk. Eggs. Tea. Salad. Pepper. Fork. Knife. Spoon. Cup, glass. Wheat. ^1 ^ f L t 25 -i-+ * m 7] Nii'i yu. Niii jii ping. Jii. Tan. Cha. Sang tsai. Tsiau. Cha. Tau. Shi. Pei. Me. u Barly. A3? Maize. M^t Sugar. m Sugar cane. Water melon. ait Spices. #» Havel butter. tte * ^- m J Hast thou cheese. # * ^^ ?L 1 Has he milk. ft ^r ?L ?t " Have we eggs. ife in * s 1 Ta me. Su mi. Tang. Ran che. Si kwa. Hiiing liaii. Wo yu niu y u mu yii. Ni yu niu jii ping mu yn Ta yiijii mu y'"- Wo mun yu tan mu yu. 3:) Have yon tea. i* f"i * *^m^ Ni mun yu cha mu yii. Have they salad. iii n t * m m ^ Ta inun yu sang tsai mu yu. Had I peppei-. Ik ft n * * ?2 1) W6 sien shi yi'i tsiau mu yu. Hadst thou a fork. \% W Bl ^ - 4^ X Ni tsien shi yu yi ko cha mu yu. Had he a knife. 1i « It * - ^ 77 Ta Isung tsien yu yi ko tau Had we spoons. Had you a cup. %\ in ^ H* ^j a IS f* in It Bt * - ^ if fs * mu yu. Wo mun sien shi yu shi mu Ni mun tsien shi yu yi ko pei mu yu. Had they wheat. m in i« t * s 1^ Ta mun Isung tsien yii me mu 36 Shall I have Barley. \Mlt thou have maize. Will lie nave sugar. Shall we have sugar cane. Will vouhave a watermelon. Will they liave spices. 1* » * ^ M * ^^ * ^i * ^f ft m * 1* inii * * - 4- Wit ^5* M in 7if * "^ # ft yn. Wu tsiii yu ta me mu yi'i. Ni tsiang lai yu su mi mu Ta hau lai yu tang mu vu. Wo mun tsiu yu kan die mu y"- Ni mun hau lai yu yi ko si kwa mu yi'i. Ta mun tsiang lai yu hiang H;Ui mu vu. 37 Have I not. Hast thou not. Has he not. Have we not. Have you not. Have they not. Had I not. Hadst thou not. Had he not. Had we not. H.id you not. Had tlicv not. \^ n ^j ^- T\ m 1* m m m m 15 ^* m m * nil Hf 1k f i ^ * in « ^ s ^2 ^f ]S 01- rs ^^ HI- 15 ^J W6 mu yu mo. Ni mu yu mo. Ta mu yu mo. Wo mun mu yu mo. Ni mun mu yii mo. Ta mun mu yu mo. Wo sien shi mu yii mo. Ni tsung tsien mu yii mo. Ta tsien shi mu yii mo. Wo mun sien mu yu mo. Ni mun tsien shi mu yii mo. Ta mun tsung tsien mu yii mo. 38 Shall I not have. w $z m * M W6 tsiii mil yii mo. Wilt thou not have. f* w * m ^ s Ni tsiang lai mil yii mo. Will he not have. It 11 * 15 =t ;fi Ta hail lai mu yii mo. Shall we not have. m v\ m \% * s Wo man tsiu mu yii mo. Will vou not have. ■f* ffi \& * js ^- » Ni mun hau lai mu yii mo. Will they not have. li fii vi^m ^ m Ta mun tsiang lai mu yii mo Ape. it Yuen . Ass. li Lu. Bear. niung. Boar. m^ Chu kung. 3U Burfiiio. Bull. Calf. Camel. Dog. Elephant. Fox. Goat. Horse. Lion. Mare. Mouse. *^ Sliui niu. ^4- Niii kung. ti Tu. l§St Loh to. ^,m Kiuen, kau. M. Siang. m m Hu li. a^ Shan yang. Ma. m^ Sz' tsz'. ^ £},fl9 -t • Niu ma, ma mu. -tiE Shi slii'i. 40 Tiger. Cat. Ox. Cow. Sheep. Have I no ape. Hast thou no ass. Has he no bear. Have we no boar. Have you no buffalo %;t Lau fii. m Mau. ^ Niu. ft 4^ Pien niii. ¥ Yang. sfe 15 ^ IS a Wo mu yii yuen mo. -f* m ^ m m Ni mu yii lu mo. * m^mm Ta mu yu hiung mo. sfe -fn m * m -^-s Wo mun mu yu chu kung mo 1* ^n 15 * * ^ s Ni mun mu yii shui niii mo. 41 Have they no bull. Had I no calf. Hadst thou no camel. Had he no dog. Had we no elephant. Had you no fox. Had they no goat. Shall 1 have no horse. * in m ^ ^ ^ nf m 1* « m n ft m mm ?/^ ^m m Ai 15 IS A 1* ^ ill Ta mun mu yu niu kung mo. W6 sien shi mu yii tu mo. Ni tsung tsien mu yu loh to mo. Til tsien shi mu yu kiuen mo. Wo mun tsien shi mu yu siang mo. Ni mun tsung tsien mu yii hu li mo. Ta mun sien shi mu yu shan yang mo. Wii tsiu mu yii ma mo. 6 42 Shalt thou have no lion. Will he have no mare. Shall we have no mouse. Will you have no tiger. Will they have no cat. 1* ^PIII * 1^ * t: Ni tsiang lai mu yii sz' tsz' mo. Ta hau lai mu yu pien ma mo. Wo mun tsiu mu yu shi shii mo. Ni mun hau lai mu yu lau fii mo. Tamun tsiang lai mu yii mau mo. 13 My, mine. Thy, thine. His. Our, ours. Your, yours. Their, theirs. Self, own. Myself. My own. Thy own. His own. Our own. Ifes^ Win. f*fl^ Ni If. m^i) T»U'. ^ in fi^ Wo mun ti. 1* m fi^ Ni mun ti. * in ^^ Ta mun ti. icL Tsz' Id. ^i a Wo tsz' ki. sie as^ Wo tsz' ki ti. f* s a fi^ Ni tsz' ki ti. ft i a S4f Td tsz' ki ti. «£- in g a fi^ Wo muii tsz' ki ti. 44 Your own. Their own. Coat. Hat. Boots. Shoes. Shirts. Comb. Watch. Carriage. n^^ mMm Ni mun tsz' ki ti. Ta mun tsz' ki ti. Ta shan. Mail Iz'o Hiue. Iliai. Han sail Su. Shi shin pi; lU. Ma kii. 43 Bed. Purse. Razor. Lamp. Lantern. Spectacles. Pen. PenciL Paper. Ink. Pin. Needle. m Chwang. Ho pau. Ti sii tail. Tang. Tang lung. Yen king Ngo mau. Pi. Chi. Me. Kuchiiichin. Chin. 46 Scissors. '> !!$ If Siau kiau tsien. Thread. ft Sien. Silk. II Sz'. Cotton. fS^ Mien hwa. Wool, ¥^ Yang mau. My coat. ^6^:k^^ Wo ti tashan. Thy hat. #. 13^ ti ?- Ni ti mau tz'. His boots. ^i i^ K Ta ti hiue. Our shoes. ife m fi^ 11 Wo mun ti hiai. Your shirts. ft m i3§ JT f# Ni mun ti han san. 47 Their comb. * in (i^j IS Ta miin ti su. I have my watch. Thou hast thy carriage. He has his bed. We have our purse. You have your razor. They have their lamp. # ^ ^ S^ 0* ^ * ^* ^ ^* S^ ^ $ M ^ tt S4; * tfe m * !ft &^ ^ ^ 1* * ft ^n fl4; fij « 71 « ^ * ffl ^^ m W6 yu wo ti shi shin piau. Ni yu nitimakii. Ta yu ta ti chwang. Wo mun yii wo nun ti ho pdu. Ni yu ni mun ti ti sii tau. Ta yt'i ta mun ti tang. 48 I have not my coat. Hast thou thy hat. Has he not his boots. We have not our shoes. Have you your shirts. Have they not their combs. I had not my lantern. 1km urn IIS * H- fi^ A f ^ 1* i§ m =f IS ^ m ^ ift s m * ife -in m * f* ^n m n ?5 ^ ffi -fn ^^ Ht IS ^ s^ fi^ Wu mu yi'i wu ti ta shan. Ni yii ni ti mau tsz' mu yu. Ta mu yu ta ti hiue mo. Wo mun mu yii wo mun ti hiai . Ni mun yu ni mun ti han san mu yu. Ta mun mu yu ta mun ti sii mo. Wu sien shi mu yu vsru ti tang lung. 49 Hadst thou thy spectacles. Had he not his pen. We had not our pencil. Had you your paper. Had they not theii ink. I shall not have my watch. 6§ wii m m m H^ 'A * * ^^ c in ^ HI ^5 ^ ffe f 1 64; m ft iri m H* ^ -f* in 64; tt m * i^ f\ « wim^^iii in 64; s s Ni tsung tsien yu mu yi'i iii ti yen king. Ta tsien shi mu yu tii ti ngo mau mo. Wo mun sien shi mu yi'i wo mun ti pi. Ni mun tsien shi yu ni mun ti chi mu yu. Ta mun tsung tsien mu yu la mun ti me mo. Wu tsiu mu yi'i wu ti shi shin piau. 50 Wilt thou have thy carriage. Shall he not have his bed. We shall not have our purse. Will you have your razor. Will they not have their lamp. ■f* # * * 1* 154; fl| * jif * ?g ^ 14 iS^ ^ M tfe in tt m ii ^k in i^ :|$ -ft 1* in « * *- 1* in fi4( |ij « 7? i)!i in » * ?5 ^j m in 154; ^i « Ni hau lai yu ni ti ma kii mu yu. Ta tsiang lai mu yu ta ti. Chwang mo. Wo mun tsiii mu yii wo mun ti ho pau. Ni mun hau lai yii ni mun ti ti sii tau. Tii mun tsiang lai mu yu tii mun ti tang mo. 51 I. I (an old man). I (an old woman). I (a young person). I (your friend). Thou, you. You (genriemen). Sir (teacher). Sir (honorable). Great man (your excellency). Your honor. :kA fr Wo, \vu. liau fu, luu han. Lau shin. Siau sang. Ti. Ni, 'rh,juh. Ni mun lie wei, ko wei y6 mun. Sien sang. Tsun kia. Ta jin. Lau ye. 52 Father. Mother. Son. Daughter. Child. Brother. Elder brother. Younger brother. Husband. Wife. /L If if ^ Fii tsien. Mu tsien. 'Rh tsz'. Nil 'rh. 'Rh. K6 ko. Hiung. Ti. Fu. Tsi, 53 My father *. My mother. Thy, your father. Thy, your mother. My wife. Thy, your wife. My son. Thy son. *^ *# •^t: ^ij? rtA ^ iF 'i-Z ^m Kia fii. Kia mu. Ling tsun. Ling tang. Nui jiii. Ling cl luis. Sidu 'rh. Ling lang. * In their expressions of civility llie Cliinese are often far fetched and extravagant. Thus to say " my " in speaking of ones relatives, family or residence, is considered rode and vulgar, the person spealiing must always use expressions of humility such as J sidu little H^tsien, mean, instead of "my" they also frequently substitute the word kid ^ % * - tb fl| itL Shan, sie, ki. Kito. Each, every. All. He who, that which. Wiiatsoever. Every one who. Each one. Both. Either. Jim — : iW ^ \ — ^\^^ m Roh, mei, fan. Kiai, tiJ, chung. So. Pu lun. Fan so. Mef yiko. Liang, 'rh, hen t;ji. Wah, Willi. 05 Neither. Any one. Another. u rM m Pu pii, wu wu. Wu wan shui. Pie ti, tii. A, one. -^ Yiko. Every man has a friend. # A ^T H ^ Mei jin yu pang yu. Every gentleman has an om- ^ - ^ ^^^r - ^ R6 yi sien sang yii yi ko brella. #: san . Every man has a knife. AA^f 7J Jin jin yu tan. All men are brothers. AWX^ Jin kiai hiung ti. Every one of all iliese men has gold. m^^^AJi'f^^ Nako chungjin fan yukin 9 m Every thing has its time. Whosower has money has friends. Every day they have each a cup of tea. Every day and every night. I have the horse which my father had. Every one who has a dollar. Each one of the soldiers has §*^l3f K6 sz' yiishi. r^ m mi^m^m Pu lun shui yi'i tsien yu pang % y"- ■li-fnB HS*- Ta mun ji ji ko yu yi 4-S:S: ko peicha. H « S Jiji>yeye. Ife * «; * ^ P ■! Wo yu wo kia fu na vak * M ^ m sien so yu ti. A M * -f IS ^ Fan so yii yi ko yin tsz'. l|i |i; T « - ^ * To ping ting mei yi ko yu G7 a sword. Both are sick. Both husband and wife. Both man and horse. Both scholars have talent. Neither of the thre has gold. Neither gold nor iron. Neither law nor justice. Any one who has my umbrella has my boots. You have either my horse or my money. ^71 Hf A IP ^j 'M * » ^ A aiA^=^ H A ^f ^ * ^ if 'M'^X m Fin m ^ %\ 6^ ^ ^ -a e^ fit 1* f I tM ^% %\ ^^ ^ pS ^ ^ f5^j II ta tau. Liang jin tii yu ping. Fiifii 'rh jin. Lien jin tai ma. Liang ko hioh sang yu pan sz'. San jin yu kin i wu. Wu kin wu tie. Wu fah wu tien. Wu wan shui yii wo ti san yu wo ti hiue. Ni mun wah yu wo ti md wah yu W(') fi tsien. 63 He has either much or httle. f i H& € * ^ bS # Ta wah che yu to wah che - ^'J-^ yu shau. We have neither money nor m IK a -g ffe m w Tsien yin mien pau wo mun kiai bread. 15* mu yu. I have no other horse. tfe m ^^ ^ J5 * Wo pie ti ma mu yii. Have you an other cup of tea, *^m *- 2^ nit. ^i Sien sang hwan yii yi pei cha sir. \%^i mil yu. I have no other. 'M.n^ Hwan mil yii. Have you much, money. i^ti^'pm Ni yu to shau tsien. I have not much. ^^x^ Wo yii pu to. I have a few dollars. * * s IK ^ Wo yu sieyin tsz'. How much has he. it 4i ^ i- Ta yi'i to shall. 69 Good. WM W^ ^- Shin, hau ti, hau che Bad. r^ & fi^ Pu hau ti. Fat. E Fi. Lean. & Sau. Great. :k Ta, Small. 'i^ Siau. Beautiful . * Mei. Wonderful. ttJ^f Chuki.. Strange. *M Ku kwiii. Very good. :M i'^j-B kTi~\' :^ & \ Tai hau, shin hau, shi fan hau. 70 Admirable. V» Shin miau. Excellent. m» Ki miau. Dear. A Kwei. Dearer. A* Kang kwei. Dearest. ¥* Chi kwei. Fat. BE 6^ Fi ti. Fatter. SKfi^ Kang fi ti. Fattest. ¥ HE fi^ Chi fi ti. A sage. ¥ Shing. The greatest of sages. Chi shing. 71 High. WA^ Kau tf. Low. T ^ilM ^ Ilia ti, yai ti. Long. ft^^ Chang ti. Short. m^i) Twan ti. A good man. - ^ » ^^ A Yi kohauti jin. A bad boy. - ^ :^ » U^ i 1^ Yi ko pu hau ti tung tsz' A fat cow. r 154/ ^- -t Fi ti niii mu. A lean dog. ft6^:fe Sau tikiuen. A large house. :^fi^MT Ta ti fang tsz'. A small purse. 'J> fi^ ^.t ^ Siau ti ho pau. 72 A beautiful flower. A wonderful thing. A strange affair. A high tree. A low roof. A long table. A short stick. A very good business. An excellent work. A lovely child. A great man. A little woman. tti if ^^ >|{ H i*r f? 64; * f fi tWj 64; It Tii^^lt -.a i§ ^ ? m. 6§ s s ff fi^ * « ^^ i^ I ^ hT S- 13^ ^ ?- ■kK ■>'K Yi to mei hw;i . Chu ki ti tung si. Ku kwai ti sz' tsing. Rauti shu. Ilia ti u pei. Chang ti choh tsz' . Tvvan ti kwan. Shin hail ti sz'. Shin miaii ti kung fu . Ko ngai ti 'rh tsz'. Tajin. Siuu nil. 73 A high tree. A low house. The best thing. I have an excellent work. Thou hast and admirable thing. He has the dearest horse. Our cow is fat. Your cow is fatter. m ^^ M "f ft ^ i(? « M f * ^ - ^ li ^^ >^ m t M * 64; ^ $c ffl 64/ ^ # HE 1/t fli ^+ « ft Ik m Kau ti shu. Yai ti fang tsz'. Shi fan hau tung si. Wo yu yi ko shin mian ti kung fu. Ni yii yi ko ki niiau tung si. Ta yii chi kwei ti ma . Wo mun ti nii'i mu fi. Ni mun ti niii mu pi wo 74 Their cow is the fattest. « III western lands there are « The greatest of sages is Con- fucius * » in ii^ M E # 1PI ^ # S )3£ rnun ti ks'ing fi. Ta mun niu mu chi fi. Si fi'tng yu sliingjin. Chi shing Rung fu. But. mm Only. BM This is better than that. ihb ifc tt if I have only a little tea. p-^-m^^ • Cung fu, sometimes called Kung-{u-ts:' , latinized by the missionaries into Confucius Tau ti. Chi, tan. Tsz' pi pei hau. Chi yu yi sie cha. to You are working, only he is idle. Money is good, but humanity and honor arc better. ■f* # I * -fH iii ti Ni tsoh kung fu tan ta tan BS hien. ^^&3&^*. Kin shi hau tau ti jin kwei W.& kang hau. 76 NUMERALS. I One. 2 Two. 3 Three. 4 Four. 5 Five. 6 Six. 7 Seven, 8 Eight. 9 Nine. -b A m s "^ Sii mil tsz'. Yi. 'Rh. San. Sz'. Wu. Li'i. Tsi. Pah. Kill. •u BRA ^; y ^-^ UWIVERSITT j 77 lO Ten. + II Eleven. + - 12 Twelve. + - i3 1 Thirteen. + = i4 Fourteen. + 13 i5 Fifteen + E iG Sixteen . + i^ '7 Seventeen. + -b i8 Eigthteen. + A '9 Nineteen. + ^ 20 Twenty. .1 + 21 Twenty one. _ + 78 22 Twenty two. 23 Twenty three. ^4 Twenty four. 25 Twenty five. 26 Twenty six. 27 Twenty seven. 28 Twenty eight. 29 Twenty nine. 30 Thirty. 3 1 Thirty one. 3a Thirty two. 33 Thirty three. i: + r :: + H n + E z: + :^ i: + -i: :: + A r + ^L H + z: H + H 'Rh shi 'rh. 'Rh shi san. 'Rhshi sz'. 'Rh shiwu. 'Rh shi lii. 'Rh shi tsi. 'Rh shi pah. 'Rh shi kill. San shi. San shi yi. San shi 'rh. San shi san. 79 34 Thirty four. = + 35 Thirty five. = +iL 36 Thirty six. =. + i^ 37 Thirty seven. - + -b 38 Thirty eight. H + A 39 Thirty nine. ^ + A 4o Forty. + 5o Fifty. iL + 6o Sixty. i^ + 70 Seventy. -fc + 80 Eighty. A + 90 Ninety. A + San shi sz'. San shiwu. Saiishi lu. San shI tsi. San shi pah. San shi kiu. Sz' shi. Wu shi. Lu shi. Tsi shi. Pah shi. Kiu shi. 80 9' Ninety one. /L + 92 Ninety two. fh + 93 Ninety three. A + lOO One hundred. ~B lOI One hundred one. -B 102 One hundred two. -H 200 Two hundred. .=1 3oo Three hundred. = e i,ooo One thousand. -^ lOjOOO Ten thousand. -m 100,000 Onehundred thousand + s 1,000,000 One milhon. — H Kill shi VI. Rill shi 'rh. Kill shi san. Yipe. Yi pe yi. Yi pe 'rh. 'Rh pe. San pe. Yi tsien. Yi wan. Shi wan. Yi pe wan. 81 10,000,000 Ten millions. -1* +-♦- -^ ^ m Yi tsien wan. First. Second. Third. Fourth. Fifth. Sixth. Seventh. Eigth. Ninth. Si — ' M #; .^ . '« 'H « iL ^A- ^ 1 . ~-i A «yL Ti yi. Ti 'rh. Ti san. Ti sz'. Tiwu. Ti hi. Ti tsi. Ti pah. Ti kill. 11 82 Tenth. Eleventh. Twelveth. Thirteenth. Fourteenth. Fifteenth. Sixteenth. Seventeenth. Eighteenth. Nineteenth. Twentieth. Twenty first. M + Ti sht « + - Ti shi yi. « + - Ti shi 'rh. M+~ . Ti shi san . M+ ^ Ti shi sz'. « + E Ti shi wu. Ti shi hi. « + -t Ti shi Isi. M + A Ti shi pah. n + fu Ti shi kiu. «- + Ti 'rh shi. «- + - Ti 'rh shi yi :>v^ 83 Twenty second. Twenty third. Twenty fourth. Twenty fifth. Thirtieth. Fortieth. Fiftieth. Sixtieth. Sventielh Eightieth. Ninetieth. Hundredth. «" + Ti 'rh shi 'rh. M- + - Ti 'rh shi san. M + ^ Ti 'rh shisz'. m T i. Ti 'rh shi wti M- + Ti san shi. nn + Ti sz' shi. ^A -r" r Ti wu shi. ll^ + Ti lu shi. «-b + Ti tsi shi. «A + Ti pah shi. «/L + Ti kiu shi. «-H Ti yi pe. 84 Hundred and first. Hundred and second. Hundred and third. Thousandth. MilUonth. FRACTIONS. Half. Third. Fourth, quarter. Fifth. Sixth. Double. w- Ti yi pe yi. Ff . Ti yi pe 'rh. 3 - Ti yi pe san. ^ Ti yi tsien. HS; Ti yi pe wan. Pwan. Ti san. 0^ ^- Ti sz', sz' fan chi yi Ti wu. Tilu. Shwang, liang. 85 Treble. Four fold. Five fold. Six fold. Seven fold. Eight fold. Nine fold. Ten fold. Eleven fold. Twelve fold. Thirteen fold. Fourteen fold. = -(§ B-fg iLii i^i^ -b# A-f§ il^^ + -fS + --f§ + -f§ + -ii + \ai^ San pel. Sz' pei. Wu pei. Lu pel. Tsi pei. Pah pel. Riu pei. Shi pel. Shi yi pei. Shi 'rh pel. Shi san pei. Shi sz' pei. 86 Twenty fold. + ^S 'Rhshi pei. Not much , not many. %^ Pu to. Little, few. 'P Shau. A few. ^ ~ ■i-,^^'^ 'Rh san ko, sz' wu ko A few friends. -A-mM 'Rhsankopangyi'i. A few dollars. "■ -h, ^ fg ?■ Sz' wu ko yiii tsz'. How much. iS^ Kito. How many. 0P To shau. About, more or less. KT Shang hia. Above, high. ± Shang. 91 Under , be low. Only. But, only. Not only, but. Year. Moon, month. Sun , day. Night. Volume. Chapter. T Hia. H^^S Chi, pukwo. ffl Tan. r^i^n Pu tan hwan. ^»^ Nien,sui. n Yue. BJt Ji, tien. ^ Ye. # Kiuen. In Hwui. 88 Door. n Mun. Window. m Chwftng. The present month. t-n Pan yue. This year. ^^ Kin nien. To day. 4^H,4X Kin ji, kin tien. To night. ■4- Sc Kin ye. I have much gold. W^^^ Wu yi'i to kin. Thou hast not much silver. ii^^i:^ |g Ni yu pu to yin. He has little money. * * 'P f i Ta yii shau tsien. We have a few dollars. fft -fPI ^ E -fS |g Wo mun yu sz' wu ko yin 89 You have a few friends. How much have they. How many dollars have you. I have more or less twenty five dollars. Thou hast only fifteen. But he has three hundred and thirty three dollars. Who has fifty five dollars. 1=1 F ± T ^f H + E /j> ^ ai ^ + E IM iij iK tt * H H H + H 4- fe ^ IS ^ E + E ^ m tsz . Ni mun yu 'rh san ko pang }'"• Ta mun yu ki to. Ni yu to shau yin tsz'. Wu shang hia yu 'rh shi wu ko yin tsz'. Ni pu kwo yu shi wu yin tsz'. Tail ti ta yii san pe san shi san ko yin tsz'. Shui yu wu shi wu ko yin 12 90 I have only fifteen . The bookseller has about one hundred and fifty thousand books. Has the merchant a million of dollars. He has only six hiuidred seventy seven thousand seven hundred and seventeen dollars. The year one thousand eight hundred and fifty three of the christian era. The first year. ^Ic- :?: M ^ + E « S^ ± T ^f + E J^^ ^ :^ + 'b S \i 5P ® fi - ^ A H ^ -^ ^ tsz. Wo pu kwo yii shi \vu. Shu ke shang hia yu shi wu wan shu. Shangjin yii pe wan yin tsz niu yu. Chi yu hi shi tsi wan tsf tsien tsi pe shi tsi yuen. Ye su kiau yi tsien pah pe wu shi san nien. Ti yi nien. 91 I am eightv seven vears old. Thou art thirty three years old. The great army numbers one hundred and fifty five thou- sand soldiers, twenty thou- sand horses, and five hunded vessels. Onehundred men foughtagainst one thousand. c ^ A + -(:: Js ^* ^ H + H ^ H a ^J :ft E S ft m ^A W6 slii pah shi tsi sui. Ni shi san shi «an sui. Ta ping nui yii yi shi wu wan wu shi wu tsien ping ting, 'rh wan ma ping wu pe ping chuen . Yi pe jin to chang liau yi tsien jin. Army. Man-of-war. ft Ping. Ping chuen. 92 Christian era. Fight. Study. Industry. Village. Wisdom. Wealth. In this village there are one thousand five hundred se- venty seven souls. Your letter ( is dated) the first m It i^ ^ -- ^ E 1* 64; miw:^n p}\ Ye su kiau. Ta chang. Nien shu. Yung kin li. Tsun . Chi. Tsaipe. Che tsun nui yii yi tsien wu pe tsi shi tsi jin. Ni ti shu sien pan yue so 93 of this month one thousand eight hundred and fifty three. Our friend will arrive next month. The second door of the third house. The tendi chapter of the fifth volume. The seventh day. The twelfeth month. The seventieth year. The hight of this house is dou- El - ^ A W E + « H 1 ^ S^ H H M + ZLM iibm=f itwrn^f ji yi tsien p;ih pe wu shi san nien. Lai yue wo mun ti pang yu tsiu liii. Ti san u tsz' ti ti 'rh mun. Kiuen chi ti wu ti shi hwui. Ti tsi tien. Ti shi 'rh yue. Ti tsi shi nien. Tsz' u tsz' pi na u tsz' 94 ble that of the other . I have been twice to his house. Your hong was burnt three times. If you study your wisdom will increase ten fold. If you are industrious your wealth will increase a hundred fold. *p ffi fi m j* ^ ffl m t! It ^ * - S iS kia Hang pei kau. Wo shwang pei kii liau ta u tsz'. Ni ti hang shau liau san pei. Ni joli nien shu wei chi che shi pei. Nijoh yungkin lih tsai pe kia yi pe pei. 93 n To be. I am. Thou art. lie is. We are. You are. They are. There is. There are. Shi, hi, wei, tsiii. Wo shi. Ni shi. Ta shi. Wo mun shi. Ni mun shi. Ta mun shi. Yii. Yii. 90 Right. Wrong. Architect. Artisan. Baker. Barber. Blacksmith. Bookbinder. Cobbler. Goldsmith. «I3^ Shi ti. -p; s fi^.# Pii shi ti, fi. Tl^f, Kung tsiang. Tf1:# Rung tsoh che. fri an ill! n Mwan tan sz' fu. m fip, ri « Ti tail sz' fii . ■7 m >T Ta tie tsiimg. IT»fc Ting shii tsiang. III m m n Piih hiai sz' fu. ^H |£ Kin ki tsianj. 97 Innkeeper, Jeweller. Joiner. Lapidary. Mason. Mnsician. Painter. Pedlar. Printer. Saddler. Shipwright. Tailor. 3l S5 E *E 5E H * Flifi ft ^k ng m fl ta n m E ^ 15 to # ^ m to « ^ li to m Tien chu. Yu ki tsiang. Mil tsiang. Shi tsiang. Ni shi'ii sz' fi'i. Chili chang sz' fii. Ilwa tsiang. Fan tsz'- Yin shwa tsiang. , Ma an sz' fi'i Chwang chuen sz' fii. Tsai fnng sz' fii. 98 Watchmaker. m ^ Weaver. mix Workman. XA I am an architect. tfe S T 'r. Thou art an artisan. 1* S I # # He is a bnker. ik a M m asi rifl #- We are barbers. Hk f\ ^ m m iiii n You are l)laksmiths. \% f\ % n ii u n They are bookbinders. \\\ f " a IT « E Piau tsiiing. Ki nil. Rung j in. Wo shi kung tsiang. Ni shi kung tsoh che. Til shi tso mwan t;'iu sz' fi'i. Wo mun shi ti tau sz' fi'i. Ni mun shi ta tie sz' fu. Ta mun shi ting shu tsiang. 99 I was a cobbler. Thou wast a goldsmith. He was an innkeeper. We were jewellers. You were joiners. They were lapidaries. I shall he a mason. You will be a musician. lie will be a painter. ^ ^ n m f i * « m « IS ^w^n W IVf -fill -fn i5ii * ^ tfe si ® m * 1* )lf * ii ^X n -fi 'ft ?fe ® -1 4 u n Jr ^^^ di ^^ Tie E -6 ^ fiil!« ^M fim R^^ Wo sien wei pu hiai sz fu Ni tsien shi wei kin tsiang, Ta tsung tsien tso tien chu ti. Wo mun sien shi wei yu ki sz' fu. Nimun tsungtsien weimulsiang Ta mun hiang lai shi shi tsiang. Wo tsiu wei ni shui sz' fu. Ni tsiang lai tso chui chang sz' fii. Ta liau lai wei hwah tsiang sien sang. IQO We shall be pedlars. a. in % * ® PS T- You will be printers. 1* ^^ ft % n %\ a They will be saddlers. m in \k%%^ %t u % Let me be shipwright. it ife ^t SI «iy jf Be thou a tailor. m \% % « m Bill # Let him be a watchmaker. r^ 111 % lk h- Let us be weavers. « ^fe f\ w m "ffi Urn n Be ye workmen. m \% in t; ± A Let them be architects. It 1 n «> ± 'r , There is an artisan . * - 4- T # # W6 mun tsiang lai wei fan tsz'. Ni mun tsiu mei yin shwah tsiang Ta mun hau lai wei ma an sz' fii. Hii wo wei chwang chuen tsiang Tsing ni tso tsai fung sz' fu. Hii ta wei piau tsiang. Tang wo mini tso ki pu sz fii. Tsing ni mun Avei kungjin. Hii ta mun wei kung tsiang. Yu yi ko kung tsoh che. l()l There are bakers. I am right. Thou art wrong. We are right. You are Avrong. This place. Here. There Where. ^lial 1*:K^ « mn ■f* fl»i ^ « fi^ Pii Yii mwan tau sz' fu. Wo shi. Ni pu shi. Wo mun shi ti. Ni mun pu shi ti. Tsz' chu. Tsai tsz' chu, tsai che h', tsai che pien. Na h. Ho chu, ho pien. 102 Then. When. Whence. Come. Go. Arrive at. Return. Go out. Enter, come in. m,-^ Tsai, fang. ii Bf .fg a# Ri shi, ho shi. « W 11 Tsung na H. * Lai. * Ru. SJiJ Chi, tau. 11 Hwui. tii* Chu kii. A*.M* Ji, kii chin lai. 103 I am here. Sft lib Thou art in thy garden. f* ft 1* i4( ^ He his not at home. f i ^N ft * We arrive here. ^k f\ m lib You return home. # ff in * They go out. ft ffl ffi * There is a man coming in. HAmm There are men going out. tAm* This is my horse. Mm^^^M That is thy book. W * * i* 114; Which one is his. w m ^ m e^ It is a wonderful business. « * ti fi§ * ea Wu tsai tsz'. Ni tsai ni ti hwa yuen. Ta pu tsai kia. Wo mun tau tsz'. Ni mun hwui kia. Ta mun chu kii. Yu jin chin hii. Yii'jin chu kii. Che ko wu ti mii. Na pan shi ni ti shu. Na ko shi ta ti. Shi ku kwai ti sz'. 104 What is this. aa^ltJS Che shi she mo. Where art thou. -f* ft M m Ni tsai na li. He is here. ft -fcitbrt Ta tsiii tsz' chu. We are there. ^Mn ft m M Wo mun tsai che pien Where are you. 1* in ft ii ^& Ni mun tsai pien chu. In what place are they. • ffi ^n ft f If ^ Ta raun tsai ho chu. Yesterday. ^^ B.Bl^X Tsoh ji, tsoh tien. Day before yesterday. U 0.1! X Tsien ji, tsien tien. Yesternight. H*« Tsoh ye. Last year. W^ Tsoh nien . 105 To morrow. Next day. Next month. Next year. I was here yesterday. When I arrived you were not at home. When he came I was on board the ship. When we went away you were here. 01^ H ic' ft ^ II ft * ^ H$ ^ 11 ft is Ik in * ^ 0f j* m ft mM Ming ji, ming tien. Laiji. Lai yue. Ldi nien. Tsoh ji wo tsai ch6 li. Wo lai Uau ni pu tsai kiS. Ta lai chi shi wo tsai tsai chuen. Wo mun kii chi shi ni mun tsdi che li. 14 106 Last night you were not at home. When tliey returned we were gone out. To morrow I shall be at home. Next year thou wilt be in Cali- fornia (golden land). To night he will be in his library. Next day we shall be busy. When you will come you will be hungry. Whe they will go out they will inmm^ Ik in m * ^ # ;^ 4 ^ 111 ^ m * ft « fl^ « ^ B ^ m * * ^* m * m Hi IS m m m n $]t ^ ^ Tsoh ye ni mun pu tsai kia. Ta miui hwui lai wo mun tsai chu kii h'au. Ming tien wo tsii'i tsai kia. Lai nien ni fang tsai Kin shan. Kin wan ta tsai ta ti shu fting. Lai ji wo mun yii sz'. Ni mun lai tsai tii ngo. Ta mun chu wai tsiii yii shi 107 be wrong. $Y fi. Let me be at homo. Wxik^m Shang wo tsai Ida. Go out. m ^^ {±1 * Tsing ni chu kii. Let him come in. if * M * Hii ta chin lai. Old. ^ La 11. Honest. ^m Lau shi. Polite. ^ M fi^ Yu li ti. Young. ^ p ^^ Nien shau ti. Strong. ^jj Yu h. Brave. ±m Ta tan. 108 Intelligent. m m Tsung ming. Rich. mi Fu. Honorable. Rwei. Poor. ^ - Pin. Weak. :^m Wii li ti. Imprudent. 4¥ ^f Wii ki tan. Glad. m «" Ki kwan. Generous. m^ Hiung jin. Idle. ^ m Tan hien. Happy. mm^^ Nah fu ti. 109 Busy. Tired. Shut. Obedient. Sorry. Augiy. If Yii sz'. Kiuen. Pel. Ting ming. Pu yue. Nil liau. Am Ian old man. Art thou an honest merchant. Is he a pohte gentleman. C ^ ^ A ^ ^ 1* rl t: 5& e^ g- A m ^ 1} m ^i} ^ r^ Wo shi lau jin pu shi. Ni shi hiu shi ti shang jin pu shi. Ta shi yu U ti ke pu 110 M • shi. Are we young. ^^m ^^'J'-^^T^ Wo mun shi nien shai'i ti pu ^ shi. Are you strong sailors. ^^ffl * * ;^ fi^ * Ni mun shi yu li ti shui f-r^ ^ shau pushi. Are they brave soldiers. mm ^ A Bf fi^ ft Ta mun shi ta tan ti ping T^ * ting pu shi. Was I glad. a-« « # ly ^ ^^ Wo shin shi ki kwan ti pu * shi. Wast ihou generous. ^*lt B* 1; B^ A ^ Ni tsien shi hiung jin pu shi Was he idle. it -ft- H X ft Ta tsung tsien tan hien pu s Ill Weie vre happy. ^ ffl m Is ^^ A. W6 mun nah fu pu shi. Were you busy. 'f*r ^^mn^ Ni mun yu sz' mu yu. Were they tired. «1" S#^1i Ta mun shi kiuen pu kiuen. Was I here yesterday . ^k \^i^X^m m -^^ Wo tsoh tien tsai che h pu ft tsai. Wast thou at home when I came. m^zmi^^^m Wo hU chi shi ni tsai kia r-^ pu tsai. Was I on board the ship when m^zm^jj'^ Ta lai chi shi wo fang tsai he arrived. m±r-^ chuen shang pu tsai. Were you here when we went ikin^z m ^* ffl Wo mun kii chi shi ni mun away. ft g IS ^ ft tsai che U pu tsai. Were you at home hist night. H1? ^ tt miEmr^ Tsoh ye ni mini tsai kia pu 112 Were you out when they retur- ned. Shall I shut the door. Wilt thou be obedient. Will he be sorry. Shall we be angry. Will you be rich. Will they be weak. m m r'\Tm 4 « ffl ^ # -fn m fefl 1* u * m in m i* in » ii^:?:ffi ti Z \t tig. *z X *t jiii> jiii" -n» «ii* * *-»^ .tfe. eel ^ ::K m> M. mm'ii^m:fi ^^ tsai. Ta mun hwui lai ni mun chu kii liau mo. Wu tsiu pei mun pu pei. Ni tsiang lai ting ming pu ting. Ta hau lai yue pu yue. Wo mun tsiu fan ni'i pu nu. Ni mun tsiang lai fu kwei pu fu kwei. Ta mun hau lai wu li ti mo. 113 Where is my horse. Whither doest thou go. Whence does he come. Where are the sailors. Whither do they go. Where do they come from. When wilt thou come. When will he go. When will they return. Hungry. ik ^§ ^ 4 » 111 ft i;£ m m * 7k f-miEW m ft ffl m m m * ft in « M m .* 1* n n* * ft 1t S nl * ft in a nl HI * flitt Wo ti matsai na li. Ni na li kii. Ta tsung nali lai. Shui shau tang tsai na li. Ta mun tau na li kii. Ta mun tsung na li lai. Ni ho shi lai. Tii she mo shi kii. Ta mun ki shi hwui Idi. Tii ngo. 15 114 Thirsty. Bad. Faithful. Strong. Innocent. Dumb. Skillful. Bold. Blind. Young. Dexterous. Unhappy. ,© # fl^ mm e^ ^53 :km^^ Ml 4f 'p fi^ i^m J^JlH Yii sie koh. Pu hau ti. Chung sin ti. Yu li ti. Wu tsui ti. Ya. Kiau shau. Ta tan ti. Mang. Nien shau ti. Ki nang. Mufii. 115 Sorry. Quiet. Wounded. Greedy. Ready. Learned. Rash. Useless. Barbarous. Guilty. Wicked. ^gJ m * fflTT # ■¥• ^^ ']•■ :is * ffllS^ m^i ^ m d^ Chang han. An tsing. Shang liau. Lan shi. Pi hia liau. Poh hioh. Pu siau sin. Wu yung ti. Ye ti. Yu tsui. Ngoh ti. 116 Am I not hungry. Art thou not thirsty. Is he not rich. Are we not bad. Are you not faithful. Are they not strong. Was I not innocent. Wast thou not dumb. wr^ f m :^^r^ » f\^ ■f*^n «^n 4*fl 'T* .^f >ivi> m :?: S # S i§ Wu pu til ngo mo. Ni mu yu sie koh mo. Ta pu hi fu mo. Wo mun pu shi jiu hau ti mo. Ni mini pu ^ivei chung siii ti mo. Ta mun pu shi yu h ti mo. Wu sien pu shi wu tsui ti mo. Ni tsien pu wei ya ti ino. 117 Was he not skillful. Were we not bold. Were you not blind. Were they not young. Shall I not be happy. Wilt thou not be sorry. Will he not be quiet. ^* ffl W :f * S4; ^ Wl ^ m m ^^ M 1* » * ^ ti tg fi^ ft « * :^ * ^Si- Ta tsung tsien pu kiai'i shai'i ti mo. Wo mun sien pu ta tan ti mo. Ni nuiii tsien pu mang ti mo. Ta mun pu slii nien shau ti mo. Wu tsiu pu nah fu ti mo. Ni tsu'ing lai pu chang han ti mo. Ta hau lai pu an tsing ti mo. 118 Shall we not be wounded. m m m T^ \% 1^ Tfl^ Wo mun tsiii pu shang liau ti Will you not be greedy. 1* ^n 7lf * -^^ « mo. Ni muntsianglai pu Ian shi mo Will they not be ready. It \t ffl ^i * ^Wi T Ta mun hau lai pu pi hia liau mo. J M I come, go. #* * Wo liii, kii. Thou comest, goest. 1** * Ni lai, kii. He comes, goes. ** * Ta lai, kii We come, go. ^ffl* * Wo mun lai, kii. You come, go. 'f* ffl * * Ni mun lai, kii. 119 They come, go. ft in* * I came, went. «!c * r *T Thou cameht, Aventest. # * 7 *7 He came, went. 1t!l*T *T We came, went. ^fe-f" *T *7 You came, went. it 11" * T *T They came, went. iiif ^ r *T I shall come, go. m )f * 4 Thou wilt come, go. # )f * * He will come, go. 1t!l )f- * * We shall come, go. tfe in ;^ * 4 You will come, go. 1* ir fc * 4 Ta mun lai, kii. Wo lai lian, kii liau Ni lai liiiu, kii liau. Ta lai liau, kii liau. Wo mun h'li liau, kii liau. Ni mun lai liau, kii liau. Ta mun lai liau, kii liau. Wo tsiang lai, kii. Ni tsiang lai, kii. Ta tsiang lai, ku. Wo mun fang lai, kii. Ni mun tsiu lai, kii. 120 They will come, go. m f\ m * * Come, go. * 4 Let him come, go. sfiiL^ * I,et us come, go. it a- in * * Come ye, go ye. -f* in & ^ * Let them come, go. it nil in *. * To go out. * Ili^l' To come in. M* To speak. R^ on To rob. n^ Ta muii tsiii lai, ku. Lai, kii. Ilii ta lai, kii. Hii Avo mun lai, kii. Ni mun tsi lai, kii. Hii ta mun lai , kii. Chu waf . Chin lai. Swohhwa. Ta kie. 121 To wish. To want. To fear. To love. To hate. To lose. To write. To read. To die. To lull. To think. To dare. It >i2j> 1=1 MA m — m m Y6h. Yau. Pa. Ngai. Han. Shi. Sie. Nien shi'i. Sz'. Sha jin. Siang yi siang. Kan. ]6 122 To teach. To buy . Tcrsell. To -barter. To navigate. To attack. To defend. To forbid. To govern. To increase. To diniiuish. To bring. '^ ttrj m mm Riiiu. Mai. Mai. Ho hwan ho. Hing shi'ii hi. Rung. Ti fang. Kin chi. Kwan, chi. Tsang, kia. Kien shau. Na liii. 123 To take away. To offend. To see. To hear. To inquire. To answer. To copy. To print. m /{Sif E3 Na kii. Teh tsui. Kun kien. Wan, ting kien. Cha wan. Tiihying, Chau sie. Yin shij. I go out. Thou comest in. Wo chu wai. Ni chin ha. 124 He speaks. We rob. You \vish. They want. I feared . Thou didst love. He hated. We lost. You wrote. They read. I shall die. Thou wilt kill. m si IS Ta shwoh hwa. mnfffe; Wo mun ta kie. -(*inmsi Ni mun yuen, yoh. ■ft-fn^ Ta mun yiiu. wffl r Wu pa liiiu. #»T Ni ngai liau. * tlJ T Ta han liau. tfeffl^ r . Wo mun shi liau. 1* in « T *j-, ^ Ni mun sie liau tsz'. « in if m T Tu mun tu shu liau. m m ^t Wo Isiu sz'. 1* « * ?5 Ni han lui shah. 125 He will think. We shall dare. You will teach. They will buy. ffe in m m i% f\ m m A * 11"! 1i ?fe H Ta tsiang lai siangyi siang. Wo muu tsii'i kail. Ni mun tsii'i kiau jin. Ta mun hau lai mai. Do I sell. Doest thou barter. Does he navigate. Do we attack. Do you defend. Do they forbid. i$ IX m r^ it li # * us :?; # 1* ffi If p/j T^ m n ft 111 *fi -It ^ K Jt Wo inaipu mai. Ni ho hwan pii ho. Ta liing shui hi pii hing. Wo mun kiing pu kung. Ni mun ti fang pu ti fang. Ta mun kin chi pu kin cbi. 126 Shall I govern. Wilt thou increase. Will he diminish. Shall we bring. Will you take away. Will they offend. Let me see. Hear thou. 'p ffe iri m w * r^ m >K 1* ir\ m m * r^ m m f\ » * II m ^ nm ^« s «• IS m 1* ^ M Wu tsii'i kwan pu kwan. Ni tsii'ing l;'ii tsang pu tsang. Ta hau lai kien shaii pu kien shau. Wo mun tsiu na l;'ii pu iia lai. Ni mun tsiu na kii pu na kii. Ta mun tsiang lai teh tsui pu tell tsui. Chun wu kan kien. Tsing ni ting kien. Let him inquire. Let us answer. Copy ye. Let them print. Whither do I go. Whence doest thou come. Whither does he return. When did we arrive. When AviU you come. At what time will they return. et « s m it tfe m % m ^* f I m » m vi # in PP m ^ * m m # ^f m m * « »i^ m Ik f 1 53 uf i!) * T ^* 111 Si Hf * « fH i\ S HI « E UWrVERsiTT Hii ta cha wan. Hii wo mun tiih ying. Ni mun tsing chau sie. Chun ta mun yin shu. 127 Wo kii na li Ni tsung na li h'li. Ta hwui na li. Wo mun ki shi tau lai hau. Ni mun ki shi lai. Ta mun she mo shi hau hwui 129 Did I not speak. Didst thou not go out. Did he not come in. Did we not rob. Did you not kill. Did they not die. * c ^ nk eS M ^* ^ to n s i^ T< M * )S t in r^ fe rr ^ t lai. Wo pu shwoh hwa mo. Ni pu chu wai mo. Ta pu chin lai mo. Wo mun pu shi ta kie liau mo. Ni mun pu shi sha Hau mo. Ta mun pu shi sz' Uau mo. To do, to act. Work, hdjor. Ts6, tsoh, wei, hing. Kung fu. 1-2!) Done. To know. To understand. To respect. To profit. Must. Should. Can. Perhaps, may. To Avill. Can, able to. Work. « % T Tso yuen Hiiu. ^P jI Chi tan. m e Ming pe. ?» Ring. llTflJ Teh li. 4i^i Pie sii. 'ii 7eM Sr Pie ting, ying tang. P| Hg.« % Ko nang., tso teh. bS #.pr J!2 Ho che, ko i. t.^ Rang, yau. pj.li R6, teh. ^isT Tsoh kung. 17 130 Take care. Invite. Wash. Forget. Reward. Study. Pay- Lend. Leave. ']' & RP9 m I& V: m m ^ 11 fi IS T Siaii sin . Tsing. Si. Wang. Ki cliang. Til shu. Kiaii fu. Tsie. Liau Ilia. To discover. wm Cha chu. IBl To paint. To cook. To ask. To seek. To find. jsu }■ TS tt Hwa. Chii. Wan. Chau tsin . Cliau choh. Who dares. How can you. How great. How wonderful (strange). *ti Shui kan. Ni hi ko. Tatsai. Ku kwai. 133 I do my work. What doest thou. Has he done it. We know. Do you luulerstand. Do they respect him. Iprofitted. Tliou must have gold. He ought to know. I can do tliis. You cannot do that. He may have money. 5«Sfi^T^ ■ Wu tSO AVU ll kiuig fl'l. f* # m * Ni tsoh ho sz'. iii # % T ^ « T Ta tso yuen hau pu tso hau. tfe in P m Wo mun chi tau. i^^f\mti^m& Ni mun mingpe pu ming pe. m in m « r^ m Ta mun king ta pu king. ^ # m T Wu teh h hau. 1* & M tf ^ Ni pie sii yi'i kin. m di ir P M Ta ying tang chi tau. m ^ m % Che ko ts(') teh. » A- \% %i T^ # Na ko ni tso pu teh. 1i!l Sz # * 11 Ta hwoh che yn tsien. 133 We may come. Are you willing. Must go, cannot but go. Must die, cannot but die. Incomparable. Inexpressible. Not feasible. Impossible. it T^" # si ?^ # i^ 7x # Wo mini ko i lai. Ni kang pu kang, Pu tell pu kii. Pu tell pusz'. Pi pu tell. Sliw(')li pu tell. Ts(')li pu teh. Tsoli pu teh. So. How. 1m fir Jii tsz'. Jii ho. 134 Thus. 3la ft How can. ^ hT How great. Af& How can you do so. '* © p]- jf^ j(p ii-. How can this be so. as -t- '3 7E as 11 If. ^ How did he do it. m # Jf jtn « We dare not. tte in ^ i^ How great is Rung fu tsz' (Con- fucius). ?L * i^ :^ il Che yang. Hi ko. Ta tsai. Ni hi ko tso jii tsz'. Clie ko hi shi cheyang. Joh. Ta tsoh hau jii ho. Wo mun hi kan. Rung fu tsz' ta tsai. 135 Take care yoii do not lose it. *Cii> ^w '^r ■t±r K A iCLi^ iCLi> /\. ii:^ Wu ping an ye. Ta kiai chwang mun. Ta san. Teh liau. Pu teh liau. Wang ngan chi sz'. Wang ngan jin. Wu joh yu. Ti Amg. Kwoh. J 8 i33 Ocean River. Wind. Waves. Shore. Sand. Fisherman. Hunter. »>i llai, yang 116. Fung. Ilai lang. Ngan. Sha. Yii f,-.. Lie fii. Middle, central. Nation, country. t Chung. Kwoh. 139 Middle flowery, (China). centi •al nation t f n Chung hwa, chungkwoh. Honored. # Tsun. Surname. m Sing. Name. « Ming. Language. gg Hwa. Words. 1=1 Yen. Conversation. uW Lun yue. What coimtry is he from. I am a Chinese. * /I ft ]S it Ij' a #ft S t H A Ta shi she mo li fang jin. Wo shi chung kwo jin. 140 From what province does he come. We come from Kwang-Tiing (Canton) province. Are you Americans. Yes. Do the Americans understand the Chinese language. They do not. Please to teach me to speak en- glish. m « w « * i5^ Ta tsung na sang lai ti. ffe m « M^^^ Wo mini tsung kwang tung sang 6§ l;ii ti. -f* in s 1^ * H Ni mun shi hoh chungkwoh A^x Ji jin pu shi. 1: Shi. -^ * H A ® Bft t Hoh chung kwohjin tung hi;'iu mmT^m chung kwoh hwa putung. -^^ M. Pu tung. m i* n ^ m r^ m Tsing ni kiau wu shwoh Ying- mm lishi hwa. 141 Most willingly. Hereafter. A little. Presently. Instantly. Always. Never. Again. tf >(!" — Jit Kan sin. Tsiang lai, hau lai. Yi sie. Man man. Tsi kie. Shang shi. Tsung pu. Tsai. Punishment. m Hing. 142 Inflict punishment. pm Injury. ^ Inflict injury. P9 Confer a favor. ff m To listen. iim It rains. T nlu It snows. rm Rain. m Snow. m Wind m It blows. &K Kia hing. Hai. Kai hai. Ria ngan Ta ting. Ilia yii. Hia sine. Yii. Sine. Fung. Ki fung. 143 Any where. ^ pISj j||! 11 Pu lun na li. Every Avhere. MM Chu chu No where. md\ Wu so. Hence. @ii Tsz chu. Now. B T Mu hi a. To day. ^H.*^ Kin ji, pan tien. Heretofore. r^* Hiang h'li. Hither to. «* Tsung lai. Next day. «x Hau tien. Not yet. *!- Wi tsang. Henceforth. 84- HIS Tsz kin i hau. 144 Mo Sang gave to Jin Kwei. m t'-. r Iti ^ * The ancients say. *si Is this thing so (Is it thus). ^ mil 4s- You may do thus and so. f* Pj %9 lit *B jlt How can this be so. :t pJ -=) M » * How dare you. f*SK I dare not. l^M How is this reasonable. ji^iHni Kung tsz', kung tsz', how great f L ?- JL i^ ;^ il f L is Kung tsz' (Confucius). ir What is his surname, which his 1i M; « « it * f- name, where does he dwell. miimi} Mo sang fii yii Jin Kwei. Ki'i shwoh, Yii che yang sz'. Ni ko jii tsz' jii tsz'. Hi ko yii che tang sz*. Ni tsang kan. Pukan. Hi yii tsz' li. Kung tsz' kung tsz' ta tsai kung tsz'. Ta sing shin ming shiii kia tsz' kii chu ho fang. 145 They had not gone more than forty or fifty // when sud- denly they heard a crash. Give to. Give me. Ancient. Thus, so. How. Reason. Dwell. Go. ^IT^ ±Bh. + ^ g^#S Hing pu shang sz' wu shi li hwu ting tell yi shing. Ki, fii yii. Ki wo, fii yii wu. Ku. Jii tsz', che yang. Jii ho, tsang mo yang. Li. Chi'i, kii. Hing, tsau. 19 116 Suddenly. Sound. Deep. Together. Foot (ten cubits). t |rJ 3t Hwu. Shing. Shin. Tung. Chiing. Know not how deep it is. He and his four sons went for- wards to see. Said it is seventy two feet deep. * fsi H i^ ± m * -Pu chi yu shin tsien. Ta tung sz' tsz' shang tsien l;'ii lean. ShAvoh yu tsi shi 'rh chang shin. 147 All the warriors shook their heads and said we must not go down. In anger he seized his cap rushed through the three halls and sat down . The third watch came, all were asleep, the young lady opened the door. Behind came a man riding on a white horse. lie came to the court and said in Shantung one thousand five hundred men-of-war have been completed. U M H' M K'1J tH H i^ij H M T ^^ m ^> m. m n i§ s * T - A it M it « Ol ^ - ^ E S ft l& ^ T Kiiin sz' mun to shi yau tau shwohche ko ti hia pu teh. Nil ki chung kwan pan chu san tang ts6 hia. Tail san kang liaii kiai shui siau tsie kai mun. Hau pien lai liau yi jin, T«6hia pe ma. Chinking shwohtsaishan tungyi tsien wu pe pingchuen yuen liau 148 Warriors. Shake, wave. Descend. Can not. Rush. Run out. Hall. Sit town. Sleep. Young lady. Riding on a horse. mm >T^ 44 T ^ Kiun sz'. Yaii Ti hia. Pu teh. Chung. Pau chu. Tang. Tso hia. Shui. Siau tsie. Tso hiii ma. 149 Sir,you have seen a strange sight. I ( the emperor) also have had a dream. I am busy at home, I will come again another day. If yon do not know what will follow. You go and see and you will understand it. That money you shall certainly have at the endof the month. To morrow morning I shall see you. ^ & a ilk ^^ * M a # - P * p n * :^R i^ ^ i ^* * # » w m m -f* ^i^ ^ n m % m a -f * Sien sang kien tsz' i sz'. Ghin ye teh yi mung. Kill nuy yu sz' kai ji tsiu lai. Wi chi haulaijiiho. Sien sang ni kii kan kan tsiu chi ming pe. Na ko tsien ni pie ting yue ti tsiu yu. Ming tien tsiu kin ni. Must believe. r^nr-iw Puko pii sin. The capital. M King. The northern capital. J^L il^ ^ Pe king (Peking). The southern capital (Nanking). l^J MK Nan king (Nanking) Extraordinary. I. I (the emperor). m Chin. Also. ^ Ye. A dream. "All Mung. Another day. KH Kaiji. Kindness. »© Ngan. Benefactor. mA Ngan jin. 151 I can do this.* I can not do that. May the thunder of heaven strike me dead. Mo sang said , Bright Spirits who dwell ahove. Henceforth I shall never believe you. You must not go. m A- 1* # w 4- # r^ # s 4 i® » w « ± a 4 ja « # :^ -fs * i^r^'Jii* Che ko sz' teh. Na ko sz' pu teh. Tien lui ta sz'. Mo sang tau shin ming tsai shang Tsz' kin i hau tsai pu sin ni. Ni pu pie kii. 152 '^ n DIALOGUE I. FbI « - WAN tAh Y1. Yes and no. Sluvoh sJii. Is it so ? It is. It is really so. Truly it is so. «^ ft E3. :S m? ^ aa H Shi pu shi. Shi. Shi tsAi shi. Kwohjin shi che yang. 133 Who doubts it. There is not the least doubt of it. I think there is. I say there is not. Let us make! a bet. ^. How much do you bet. I bet a dollar. . I tell the truth. ^ Hie may I die. May hea^n punish me if I tell W a falshood. fiS M- ^ A2jf. ?Ji- m. :?: a a mm' 1* m ^ '} 7 tfe n \f% m X m m Sluii i liwoh. Che k(') mu yu she mo i hwoh. Wo siangshi. Wo shwoh pu shi. Ta tu pa. Ni tii to shau. Wo tu yi yin tsz'. • Wo shwoh chi hwa. Wo shwoh Iwang wo tsiii sz'. Wo yen kia hwa tien hing fah wo. 154 I swear. Believe me. I speak positively. When a man has once told a falsehood no one believes him again even when he tells the truth. Who will helieve it. If it were false I would not say it is true. It is no such thing. I was merely joking. fBt;S^ ■ m- -4- A m « * 14 ^s :ta /t nl li T - >^ A in it ^A-fsJi « -fg fi4( tfe m i^i * t» ^ ^^ ii IS Wo fah shi. Sin wo ti hwa. Wo shwoh yi ting shi ti. Yi ko jin shwoh liau yi tsz' Iwang hau lai nan si chi ti hwa mu yii jin sin ta^^. Che ko hwan yii jin sin mo. Joh che ko shi kia ti wo pu kan shwoh shi chi ti. * Mu yii che yang ti sz' tsing. ♦ Che shi kiang siau tl shwoh hwa. to3 I said it in a joke. *; ^^ a IS ^ m Wo pii kwo sliwoh siau hwa. I am of the same opinion. la&^m » ift Wo ye shi che yang shwoh. I do not want it. i^m Pii yau. I am opposed to it. ^ ^^ m W(') pu fu. Be it so. # # Sz' ten. 136 DIALOGUE II. To speak. tto A^ ^At rwi -^ ^ uit nS WA\ TAII TI 'nil. Shwdh hivd. Speak aloud. Speak in a low voice. You speak so fast that one cannot understand what you say. To whom are you speaking I am speaking to him. t istj im si Jh i^^ Wl m ± tt A :^ ^* m m A m m ^ fs] « §i Ta kau shing shwoh. Siau ti shing shwoh. Ni shwoh ti ta kwaf jin pu nang tung teh. Ni till shui jin slnvcih hwa. Wo tung ta shw(')h. ist Can you speak english. What do you say. What did you say. I say nothing. I said nothing. Be silent. I am silent. # # a ^ M ^* m It m ^* m T n m Ik r- m f i- m ffe ^s ^T m i ~y TOT iA. -=f- 4^ -^ x^yl na Ni hwui shwoh ying hwa mo. Ni shwoh she mo. Ni shwoh liau she mo. Wo pu shwoh she mo. Wo mil yi'i shwoh she mo. Pu yau shwoh hwa. Wo pu shwoh liau. 158 DIALOGUE in. m % H WAN tAh SAN. To hear. i a Ting kien. Do you hear what I say. I hear. Come hither to hear. I do not hear what you say, I hear you. I do not hear what people are saying. \'i^ 1* "jf a ^- M i^ ft 4fe n/f M. tfe "/f T^■ a » g4( IS tfc P/f # pJt :?: M A si S IS Ni ting kien wo so shwoh mo. Wo ting kien. Ni lai che U ting. Wo ting pu kien ni ti hwa. Wo ting ni. Ting pu kien jin shwoh shin mo hwa. lo9 DIALOGUE IV. m « 13 \v.A\ tAh sz. To understand. m # Tung tc'h. Do you understand what I am saying. Do you understand all I say. I understand all you say. vs m # w m St ^ on W: ^ %% 64 j* IP ti # 1* IS 64 §^ ^ ti # Ni tung teh wu so shwoh ti hwa mo. Wo shwo ti ni tii tung teh mo. Ni shwoh ti wu tsiuen tung teli. 160 I do not understand irhat you say. Do you understand chinese. I do not understand it. I understand every thing. Did you understand what I said. I unde^rstood it perfectly. Do you understand what he says 4^ 'i # iff l5^ m Pu tung teh ni ti hwa. if' ti 11 1 H si )S Ni tung teh chung kAvoh hwa mo ^^ "i 11^ Pu tung teh. w m # Ti'i tung teh. tfe m m 1* «j e T Wo shwoh ti ni ming pe hau 1^* mu yii. ^9i a r Tsiuen ming pe liau. ■It # -(4 IS IS Tung teh ta shwoh hwa. 161 DIALOGUE V. fpl % E WAN tAh WU. The weather. % m Tien shi. How is the weather. ^ H$ iS S ^ What weather have we. It ]S % n The weather is fine. XH*& It is cold weather. XH$^^ It is cloudy weather. X Pt T Cloudy weather is not pleasant. PI % :^ ^? Tien shi tsang mo yang. She mo tien shi. Tien shi hau. Tien shi ling. Tien yin liau. Yin tien pu hau. 162 The sky has cleared up. XHft r Tien tsingliau. The sun is shining. ^j H aS Yiiji tau. This is a very fine evening. 4^ B^ 5^ B# ± 5? Kin wan tien shi shang hau. It is humid, its is cloudy. * m *.^ s $i Yu chau ki, yi'i yun tsai. The wind has risen, it is blowing so fe M * :S ^i a Rwii ki fung lai liau shi kwang a gale. 6^ fung ti. The weather is changeable. X ,« -^ m ■ Tien ki chang pien. It is raining hard. & 1- m Hau hia yii. Does it rain. T |i|ij M Hia yii mo. No, it snows. y^^jn Pu shi, hia sine. It thunders. ilW Ta lui. The thunder is very powerful. © « s^ M m Luishin ti lihai. W- 163 It lightens. *TW t Ta shen. The thunder killed a man. BJT?E7 -A-A Lui ta sz' liau yi ko jin The wind blows. ap^ . Fung chiii. It is blowing a great wind. m± Fung tit. 4r* 164, DIALOGUE VI. To drink. FpH /V/V ^^ 'X It WAN tAu IX. Yin tsh'i. Will you take a glass of wine. Yes, I thank you. Is the -wine good. It is very good. Take another glass. I thank you, I dare not drink any more. eft i^fk — 'S. IS K S ff 64/ Tsing ni yin yi pei tsiii. To sie' tsz' jin. Tsiii hau pu hau. Shin shi hau ti . Hwiin yinyi pei. To sie, pu kan tsai yin. 165 DIALOGVEn^II. m ^ -b WAN tAh Tsi. 7b buy clothes. M ^ Mai i fu. Do you sell clothes. Yes,Ihave a good many for sale. What kind have you. I have all kinds. I want a coat, a vest and a pair of pants. * W « ^^ ^ « SP T^T i^ m k - ft Ni yi'i i fu mai. Yi'i, wu su ti, hau to ti. Yii nk yang ti. K6 yang tii yu ti. Yiiu yi kin ta shan, yi kin pei sin, yi kin fu. 166 Here they are. This coat is not good, the cloth is coarse, and it is too large for me. It is a cheap coat, here is a better one, but it is a little dearer. Let me see it. This is pretty good, but show me another still. - This is the best I have. It is not bad , but it is too short. ^ ^ « 81 i§ S M » ^^ m 'w. S w s » m -f fw- ^ ^T-'k ^--1f &mm « # IS s » m ^Ml!§ Na, che li. Che kin ta shan pu hau, pu shin tsi'i yu shin tii pu hoh w ^ ;^ pH ^ ^^ ^•A T "f * A rR * ttJg l^# Si m tfeilt * JS * -ft )fe a A fi^ ji i^ tsz'. Wu pu kwan jin kia mai to shau, wo pu yau wan wo yi yen wel shi pu yau to kiang. Wo pu yau to kiang, yau pu yau mai tsing liau. Aye, ke jin tsing lai. Sh6 mo. Ri ni pa, sui jin wo kiue pan, mu yii she mo. La jin ti fl'ih tsz'. 169 What do you observe, sir. Notliing. I have a vest here, which may perhaps please you. What vest. This one. * How much do you ask for it. t Six dollars. Here are six dollars. Good bye. Good bye. m X Shwoh she m('). Wu yu she mo. Wo yu yi kin pei sin hwoh ni chung 1 pu ting. phe mo pei sin. * Che kin. Yau to shau kia tsien. Luko yin tsz'. Na lu yuen yip tsz'. Tsing liau. Tsing liau. 22 170 UIALOCUE VIII. m « A vvAJV tAh pah. Going to market. * IS rfi H * Kit kidi shi mdi Idi. You must go to market to buy rice, mutton and fish'. Do you want eggs also. Yes, buy eggs and butter. How many eggs. One dozen. * ¥ 1^ # _L- isr "T^ -tr wf n^ ^ ^ A^ ^ -^ "Seg TE /fc. i Tar ^ ;j^ tut r4 Ni pie yau kii kiai shi mai mi,yangjau, yii. Yi yau tan pu yau. Shi mai tan niu yu . Yau to shau tan . Shi 'rh che. 171 How many pounds of butter. Two pounds; here is money and do not stay away long time , but return to prepare dinner. Aye, aye. ^ a ^ 5f ^ ?4 z.mM 1* il ^ ^ 1 iJi s ta * « Yaii ki to pang niu yii. 'Rh pang, ki ni tsien pu ko yen chi pie yau hwui kia tso fan. Hiau teh. ' * 172 DIALOGUE IX. fpl « /L WAN TAH KlU. 4 <>isit. n a Pdi Men. Who knoks at the door? It is I ; are you not up yet. Is it time to get up. • It is broad day Hght, Open the door. It is locked. S ?fe S IS ^ * S te * fi^ B* « if 7 Shiii kau mun, shui ta mun, ■# Shi wOj hwan nni ki h'li. Shi ki lai ti shi hau. Tien ming hau. Rai mun . So hau. 173 At what hour do you rise. Generally at halfpast six o'clock. I slept hadly last night, the whole nightl could not close my eyes. I rise with the sun. m * I have been up before sunrise. The morning sleep is the best. Do you go out. i* -ft * Bf -ft fe * Ni she mo shi hau ki lai. IK- g :^ iiS ^ il te Chang shi lu tien pwan chungki jte^^ l;ii ti. W BiH « ± BS :?: # Wu tsoh ye shang shiii pu teh - « ?$ * MM yi ye mu yii hoh yen. H fil Hi * ^§ Bf « Ji tau chu lai ti shi hau afe re fc * wo tsiu ki lai. fiP. 14 * !±i 1) tfe Ji tau mu yii chu shan wo m^^i tsiu ki lai liau. # » m^nm ^^ Tsai hau slmi shi tien ming ti nm shi hau. •f* ttl 4 ft Ni chu kii nw. K 174 I am getting up. Take care you do not take cold. I have already couglit a cold, and I am sneezing the whole time. Wipe your nose. ^> ^il^ % # 15 iM M W6 ki lai. Siau sin kan ni mu shang fung. Wo shang fung liau yu shi hai chui ta pi tsz'. ]M6h ni ti pi 175 DIALOGtX X. WAN tAh SUI. ABOUT AGE. ^ II NIEX KI. What is your honored age. How old are you. How old is your brother. How old is your younger brother He is twenty. M 1* 6^mm^±^ -ft ^ =: + ^ , Ni tsun kang. Sien sang kwei kang. Ni ti ko ko to ta nien ki. Ni hiung ti ki sui. Ta yii 'rh shi sui. no He has not yet completed his . twentieth year. You are older than I am. You are more than sixty years old. Are you married, lam. Did you marry twice. How manyconcuhineshaveyou. Are both your parents alive. My father died two years ago. 1* ft tfe :^ ^* B T m 1$ * ST ^* ^ # IP ft S Til hwan uiii yi'i mwun 'rh shi sui. Ni pi wo ta. Ni til kai yii hi shi to sui. Ni tsii liau tsin mu yii tsii liau. Tsii kw6 'rh tsz'. Ni yu Id ko siiiu fii jin. Ni fi'i mil tii tsai mo. Sien fu kii shi yu Hang nien ti. 177 My niotUer lias married again three months since. llovr many sons have you. I hive four boys. How many girls have you I have three daughters. How many brothers have you. I am the only one alive, all others died. We must ail die. 1* ^- a ia % ^ * E 4- ^s m ik in si! ^ % Mu tsin tsai kia li;iu yii sar ko yue. Ni yii ki ko 'rh tsz' Yii sz' ko siau 'rh. Yi'i ki to wei tsien kin. Yii san ko ku niang. Ni yii ki to wei hinng ti. Tan wo yi ko sang ti j;ie ti sz' liau. Wo niun tu yau sz'. iZ 178 DIALOGUE XI. PpI « + ■ To drink tea. «= Are you thirsty. i*Pm jg I am thirsty, make some tea. ffeJiT See if there are any tea cups , and be careful to get the tea »^^ ^^ ^^Hf' k U-A3I TAII SHI tt. }'/« f,7i«. Ni kau koh mo. Wo koh Hau, pau cha. Kan yii ki to cha pei siau sin puyau chin cha. Cha pien liau. Na ta lai. 179 Gentlemen , please take some tea . The tea is very weak yet. Wait till it is made stronger. Put in a few more tea leaves. I have put in. Now the tea is good, take ano- ther cup. I cannot take more. Take away the tea things. ift * & in ffli: ^ A « - ■& ?i B^ ff n ^ 6^ 4? ^ }A1 m * js i\^ ^ ff> a. Tsing sien sang niun ynng cha. Cha slii tan ti pii shi iiiing ti. Tang yi hwui nung ti liau. Fang to ti cha ye. Fang liiin. Shau ti liau hau, tsai yin yi pei. Pu nang yin liau. Na ku che ti cha pei pien shi. '^BRA/^p* ft^CALIFOR^lL.