BANCROFT LIBRARY THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/californiapacifiOOraymrich CALIFORNIA, THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST, -WORLD'S COL TIMBIA.N ' LJ^POSITION. FOUR SI>RING XOURS LKA-viNG Boston Af>riIv 24 and PvIay 24, 1893. RAYMOND & WHITCOMB, 296 Washington Street (opp. School Street), Boston, Mass, . . . SEASON OF 1893 . . . ^i/P 'Ili* ' *-' FOUR SPRING AND EARLY SUMMER TOURS. Colorado, California, the Pacific Northwest, ALASKA, the Yellow- stone National Park, and the World's Columbian Exposition — an 82-days' Trip. (See pages 11-117.) The Same, Omitting Alaska — a 75-days' Trip. (See pages I 19-143.) California, the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains, Colorado, and the Columbian Exposition — a 69 days' Trip. (See pages 145- 173.) The Canadian Pacific Railway, Alaska, the Northwest, the Yellow- stone Park, and the Exposition — a 52-days' Trip. (See pages 1 79- 1 9 1.) _ RAYMOND & WHITCOMB, 206 Washington Street (opposite School Street), Boston. AUERICAft PRINTINQ A ENGRAYINQ CO., SO ARCH ST., BOSTON. THE RAYMOND & WHITCOMB GRAND, RAYMOND & WHITCOMB, Proprietors. OSCAR G. BARRON, Manager. uated on 59th St., between Madison and Washington Avenues, facing the Midway Plaisance of the World's Fair Grounds, Chicago. Built especially for the acconannodation of the Raymond & Whitcomb Excursion Parties during the World's Fair. TOURS ACROSS THE CONTINENT, General Information Relating to all Raymond & Whitcomb Excursions to the Pacific Coast. Suggestions in Regard to Joining a Party. PERSONS desiring to join a Raymond & Whitcomb excursion party should send their names to be registered at as early a date as convenient. A name is regis- tered as soon as an intention to go is expressed, and this registration secures a place in the cars, at hotels where sojourns may be made, and in every way insures mem- bership in the party. No payment of money is required in this connection, and no responsibility is incurred. If circumstances prevent the person from going, notice of the fact should be sent to us, and the name will be taken from the list, and the next applicant permitted to fill the vacancy. Tickets can be taken and paid for at the con- venience of the passenger any time to within about one week of the date of departure; and should the passenger then be prevented from going, the money will be refunded. The advantage of sending in names early is readily seen. In all cases the parties are limited in numbers, and it frequently occurs that parties are filled long before the dates of departure. 3 Persons are not compelled to come to Boston for the purpose of joining an excur- sion, but may connect with the train at any convenient point along the route. The sleeping-car berths are assigned previous to the date of starting, and those belonging to passengers who join at points on the route are invariably held for them until they are required. How Our Parties Travel. Two features of our various transcontinental excursions are of special importance. One is the employment of Pullman vestibuled sleeping and composite cars of the latest pattern; the other, the use of dining-cars. The vestibuled train is the latest and greatest development of the idea put forth by George M. Pullman in the sleeping-car — that of providing the most comfortable, the most luxurious, and the safest transit for the railway passenger. We were the first to run vestibuled trains through to the Pacific coast, and also the first to establish a dining-car service between the East and California. In the belief that our patrons demand everything possible in the way of first-class and elaborate service, we have made contracts with the Pullman Palace Car Company to provide these luxurious appointments — vestibuled trains of the newest and most elegant design, with palace sleeping-cars and dining-cars — for all our out- ward California excursions, and also for our returning parties, whenever practicable. In all- cases the dining-cars will be supplied with everything afforded by the best markets of the country, as it is intended to make the table equal to that of the leading hotels. By the use of the dining-car three meals a day at regular hours are insured. This is an important consideration to many travelers, to whom delays and detentions may mean not only discomfort, but illness. The composite cars are also a valuable innovation, each one containing, besides a commodious smoking-room, a bath-room, a barber's shop, and a well-selected library. 4 Only two persons are placed in a section of the sleeping-cars (every passenger being entitled to an entire double berth, half a section) and only two persons in each state- room on the Alaska steamer. The advantages of a special train service to be enjoyed by our parties under personal escort need not be urged, as they will be readily perceived. In New Mexico, Cali- fornia, Colorado, and elsewhere, facilities for leisurely sight-seeing are gained thereby. In fact, the schedules are arranged expressly for the purpose of affording superior facilities for sight-seeing and for visiting points of note. Ordinary travelers going alone have no such opportunities, often passing the most interesting places in the night. Another consideration, which has much to do with the comfort of a passenger on a long railway ride, is this : Our trains are always run at a safe and moderate rate of speed, thus enhancing the pleasures of sight-seeing and insuring an agreeal^le journey. Our parties are always under the charge of competent conductors, who devote their entire time and attention to the welfare and comfort of the passengers, and who superintend all business arrangements. Hotel accommodations are arranged in advance, checked baggage is at all times cared for, and in other particulars the members of the party are relieved of many petty cares and annoyances inseparable from ordinary travel. Thus the tourist is left to the fullest enjoyment of the journey, while appointed agents attend to the task of arranging its details. Hints About Clothing. Although the excursions described in this book are to be made in the pleasantest part of the year, and at a time when a mild temperature is likely to prevail, provision should be made to guard against sudden changes. Warm clothing, with light over- 5 coats, shawls, or convenient wraps, which may be brought into service or discarded, as required, is an essential part of the outfit. In the outward journey through New Mexico, Arizona, and Southern California, and the homeward one by the Northern Pacific or Ogden route, the temperature may be warm, and clothing should be pro- vided accordingly, but wraps should always be at hand for evening use in case of necessity. The railway rides through some sections — chiefly across the deserts — may be dusty, and dust is likely to be encountered in journeying about California. This fact should govern, to some extent, the selection of materials for traveling suits, and ren- der " dusters " of special utility. Warm underclothing should always be worn. However warm the days may be on the Pacific Coast, the evenings and nights are cool. The dryness of the atmosphere, too, renders a high temperature much less to be dreaded than in the East. As to the San Francisco climate, it is worthy of note that the residents of that city are accus- tomed to wear the same thickness of clothing the year through. The temperature in the northern regions we are to visit is delightful in spring and summer. In the Yosemite trip strong and serviceable clothing and a pair of stout walking- shoes or boots will be best ; and these will be useful, of course, in other parts of the excursions, especially in Colorado and the Yellowstone National Park. Visitors to the Yosemite should be content to leave finery behind, and baggage should also be discarded to as great an extent as possible. The same remarks will apply to the Yellowstone National Park, where the traveler should be prepared with clothing which dust cannot injure, good walking-shoes, and wraps for evening wear. There are few nights within the park, even in midsummer, without frosts. Rubbers or "gum " shoes and waterproof coverings will suggest themselves. A piece of mosquito 6 netting, which can be worn over the face and neck in certain parts of the park, will also be serviceable. For the Alaska voyage one should dress as warmly as for an Atlantic Ocean voyage, but no warmer, since that should mean woolens and wraps. Strong and serviceable clothing and stout shoes are prime necessities for Alaska as well as for the National Park. Ladies should remember that the decks of a steamer are always washed down in the morning, and that trailing skirts are under such circumstances undesirable. A gossamer for ladies, a mackintosh for gentlemen, rubber shoes or boots, and umbrellas, are likely to suggest themselves. Most of the sight-seeing is from the steamer's deck, but it is better to be prepared for little land expeditions in all weathers. Rains come frequently and with little heralding, making rubber garments and an umbrella useful companions. Closely-fitting outer garments are of course more convenient on the breezy deck than loose cloaks or shawls. Walking over the glaciers is difficult and in places dangerous. At the Muir Glacier, a landing may be desirable, but there is likely to be little traveling done except on the lateral moraines, and no special preparation is desirable for that kind of work beyond what has already been suggested. Alpenstocks and canes can be obtained of the baggage porter on the steamer. Steamer chairs, if desired, can be obtained generally of the deck stewards on the steamer ; and also at Tacoma, Port Townsend, or Vic- toria. They can be leased for the voyage if returned in good condition. *' Stop-Over " Privileges. Our tickets as a rule allow the holder the privilege of stopping over for about nine months from the date of issue in California, Oregon, or Washington, or at any point on the return trip between the Pacific Coast and Chicago. In the case of the parties 7 mentioned herein, the returning coupons (excepting, of course, those for the Yellow- stone Park, which expire with the season, and for the World's Fair, which closes November i), will be good until December 31, 1893. Member^ of these parties who leave them at any point west of Chicago, afterward coming east independently, can proceed on the regular trains directly through to the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific station in Chicago by the Albert Lea or Rock Island Route. In order to insure hotel accommodations at The Raymond & Whitcomb Grand, they must notify Carroll Hutchins, agent for Raymond & Whitcomb, at The Raymond & Whitcomb Grand, Midway Plaisance, Chicago, positively one week in advance of their arrival. Persons returning eastward independently from Chicago, or any point west thereof, are required to exchange their passage and sleeping-car tickets in Chicago. This may be done either at the Chicago & Grand Trunk Railway ticket office. Blue Island Junction ; at the ticket office in the Dearborn station (Polk street, head of Dearborn street), Chicago; at the city ticket office of the Chicago & Grand Trunk Railway, 103 South Clark street, Chicago, E. H. Hughes, agent ; or at the office of Raymond & Whitcomb, in the Raymond & Whitcomb Grand Hotel, Midway Plaisance, Chicago, Carroll Hutchins, agent. Applications for sleeping-car accommodations must be addressed to Mr. Hutchins or Mr. Hughes. Stop-over privileges are allowed at Niagara F'alls, but not elsewhere east of Chicago. In order to avail themselves of the stop at Niagara Falls, passengers can leave Chicago at 3.00 p. m., arrive at Niagara Falls in the morning, and remain there until afternoon. Where no dining-cars are ordinarily run, passengers returning independently will be furnished with meals at dining-stations en route. Persons remaining in San Francisco later than June 12, 1893, should apply, before leaving for the East, to our agent, Clinton Jones, No. 36 Montgomery street, San Francisco, for information and assistance in connection with the signing of the excur- sion ticket, securing sleeping-berths, etc. Persons returning independently can also apply for information or assistance to our Pacific-Northwest agent, A. D. Charlton, No. 121 First street, Portland, Or. For any further desired information apply in person or by letter to RAYMOND & WHITGOMB, 236 Washington St. (opposite School St.), Boston. A GRAND TOUR FROM THE ATLANTIC TO THE PACIFIC AND A VOYAGE TO * ALASKA* WITH VISITS TO Many Picturesque Places in Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Oregon, Washington, and ALONG THE BRITISH COLUMBIAN COAST, and. also in Idaho, Montana, etc., with a week in the yellona/stone: national park And another week at the WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. The Party to Leave Boston Monday, April 24, and to Return Friday, July 14. Price of Tickets (ail Traveiing and Hotei Expenses included), $725.00. RAYlVlOlSriD & WHIXCOMB, 296 Washington Street (opposite School Street), Boston. SIXTH ANNUAL SPRING EXCURSION TO COI^ORflLDO, Cai^IFORNia, the Pffl^ClFlC NORXH^WESX, ALASKA, And the Yellowstone National Park, with a Visit to the MrORI^D*S COI^UMBI^N EXI>OSIXION, April 24 to July 14, 1893. FOUR complete tours across the continent are included in our excursion arrange- ments for the spring and early summer of 1893. In each instance a full week will be spent at the Columbian Exposition. We shall first describe a trip that is unexampled in extent and variety — a comprehensive journey through the length and breadth of our country, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from the Mexico line to Alaska. The Pacific Coast will be traversed for over 3,000 miles, and all its marvels maybe seen — the luxuriant orchards and gardens of Southern California, the Yosemite Valley, the matchless mountain scenery of the Pacific Northwest, and the vast glaciers of Alaska. To these are added the wonderfully picturesque gorges of the Rocky Mountains, "life on the plains," the quaint native life in the far Northwest, the Yellowstone National Park, and Niagara Falls. 13 No excursion ever planned has surpassed this one in its combination of American wonders. In fact, it would be impossible to bring together in a single tour of like duration — eighty-two days — a greater number of truly grand attractions. A Complete Round of Sight-Seeing. Great progress has been made within the past decade in rendering the remoter regions of our vast national domain accessible to the tourist, and united to this fact is the equally important one that our special excursion trains carry to the most distant points comforts and luxuries previously unki^own. After a complete round of Colo- rado, New Mexico, California, and Oregon, the Alaskan voyage will be performed on the staunch and elegant steamship " Queen," the finest vessel in the fleet owned by the Pacific Coast Steamship Company. The steamer trip will occupy ten or eleven days. All the famous scenic points in Southern Alaska which have made the Alaska tour so famous will be visited, including Fort Wrangel, Juneau, the Douglas Island gold mines, Chilkaht, Sitka, and the great Muir Glacier on Glacier Bay. There will be time for landing and sight-seeing at all the chief points of interest, and everywhere the tourists will have unsurpassed opportunities for scanning the wonderful scenery of our northernmost possessions, and for studying the quaint and primitive native life. The entire route from Puget Sound to the farthest northern point reached is lined with scenes of awe-inspiring character — mountains of great height, with almost fathomless depths at their very feet ; cascades, which seem to tumble from the sky Itself; densely wooded shores, whose solitudes have never yet been invaded by man; and vast fields of snow and ice, which glow in the sunlight like plains of gold and silver. Thousands of mountain peaks are seen that no man has ever visited, and that are as yet even unnamed. In Alaska great glaciers, many fold larger than the 14 grandest ice fields of Switzerland, flow down to the sea, mingling with the floods of the ocean and breaking off in huge masses of fantastical shapes. In no part of the world is there so much wild grandeur encompassed in a voyage of equal duration. The earlier parts of the tour, embracing the finest Rocky Mountain scenery of Colorado, the ancient civilization of New Mexico, and the various interests of Cali- fornia from Coronado Beach to Shasta, will be, in their way, equally attractive ; and so will the later weeks, crossing the continent homeward by the northern route, and visiting the matchless Yellowstone Park. The trip will culminate in an .ample stay at the World's Fair at a very desirable season — the early summer. This is an exceptionally interesting feature of the tour. The Raymond & Whitcomb Grand Hotel. All previous international exhibitions are to be surpassed in extent and interest by the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. The indications are that there will be a vast concourse of strangers from every part of America and Europe, and that even the increased hotel accommodations of Chicago will be taxed to the utmost. In view of this fact, and for the purpose of providing our patrons with the best possible facilities for visiting the great Fair, and with comfortable and luxurious accommoda- tions while there, we have contracted with a well-known firm of Chicago architects and builders, Barry Brothers, to erect a commodious, first-class hotel, near the Exposition grounds. Work was begun on this building in the autumn, and it is now nearing completion. The site selected is upon three prominent boulevards (where heavy teams are not allowed) and fronting the Midway Plaisance, the main front of 300 feet upon Fifty-ninth street, with 250 feet on Washington avenue and 100 feet on Madison avenue. The hotel, in fact, has the largest street frontage of any private 15 edifice in Chicago. Though within less than i,ooo feet of one of the main entrances to Jackson Park (where the main part of the Exposition is centred) the situation is quiet and retired, being in the midst of a fashionable residence section. The Midway Plaisance, directly in front, will also form a part of the Exposition inclosure, having been set apart for special exhibits, the foreign bazaars, etc. The Raymond & Whitcomb Grand, as the establishment is to be known, is of pressed brick, and only four stories in height. The building is fire-proof and of the most substantial character throughout. There are no less than 800 feet of outside exposure, and the courts have a width of 45 feet. There are 325 airy, well-ventilated, and well-lighted sleeping rooms, and between every two rooms is a bath-room and toilet-room, also thoroughly ventilated and well lighted. The bath-tubs are of porce- lain, and the greatest care has been taken in connection with the plumbing and other appointments to secure the best sanitary results. No other hotel in Chicago is so liberally provided with bath-rooms. There are elevators, both for passengers and baggage, and, indeed, every concomitant of a first-class city hotel has been provided. The dining-room is 1 10 feet long and 76 feet wide, and the parlors, reception-rooms, hotel office, bazaar, Raymond & Whitcomb office, etc., are also of liberal proportions. The hotel will be conducted in the best manner, and with all due regard to the quiet, rest, and comfort of our patrons, for whose sole occupancy and use it is intended. It is to be under the experienced management of Oscar G. Barron, the well-known resident proprietor of the Fabyan House, White Mountains, N. H. Two stations on the main line of the Illinois Central Railroad are within two squares of the hotel, and two lines of cable railway and an elevated railway are also near at hand, insuring ready means of communication with the city. For the accommodation of our special trains the Illinois Central Railroad Company will establish a station on 16 their Washington Park Branch, at the corner of Madison avenue and Sixty-first street, only two squares from the hotel. This will be known as Raymond & Whitcomb's Exposition station, and will be solely for the use of our parties. The Raymond & Whitcomb Grand Hotel is to be the stopping place of the Alaska party for a full week upon their return from the transcontinental tour. The home- ward journey will thus be pleasantly broken about midway between the Yellowstone National Park and the Eastern cities. The time selected for the trip is seasonable, not only for the visit to the far North, but also for the journey across the continent and the tour through California. In June, when the party will reach the Northwest, long days prevail, and there are really only a few hours of darkness. Chicago is to be visited during the early days of July. This party, like all of our other California excursions, it is hardly necessary to say, will have the superior advantages of a special Pullman vestibuled train with a dining-car while crossing the continent. Price of Tickets. The price of tickets for the excursion, as described at length in the following pages, will be SEVEN HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS. This sum will cover first- class travel overall railway and steamer routes going and returning, -with double berths in Pullman sleeping-cars, and only two persons in each room on board the Alaska steamer; all stage rides to and through the Yellowstone National Park; hotel accommodations according to the itinerary, for the period of the regular tour (eighty- two days), with sojourns at Denver, Coronado Beach, Los Angeles, Redondo Beach, Santa Barbara, San Francisco, Monterey, San Jose, Portland, Tacoma, Seattle, the Yellowstone National Park (at Mammoth Hot Springs, Lower Geyser Basin, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, and Yellowstone Grand Cafion), Minneapolis, St. 17 Paul, The Raymond & Whitcomb Grand in Chicago for one week, etc.; meals in dining-cars, at hotels, dining-stations, or on steamers en route; omnibus or carriage transfers from railway stations to hotels, and vice versa, wherever the same may be needed (Denver, San Diego, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, San P'rancisco, San Jose, Monterey, Portland, Tacoma, Seattle, Minneapolis, St. Paul, and Chicago); special carriage rides in Manitou, Denver, Pasadena, Santa Barbara, Portland, Minneapolis, and St. Paul; all expenses for transportation, transfer, and care of baggage (to the extent of 150 pounds for each person, all over that amount to be liable to excess charges at regular transportation rates), and the services of conductors — in short, EVERY NEEDED EXPENSE of the entire round trip from Boston back to Boston. Price for children between the ages of five and twelve years, six hundred and FORTY DOLLARS. This includes a separate sleeping-berth throughout the entire journey, the same as for an adult. Where no separate berth is required, the price for children between the ages of five and twelve years will be five hundred and eighty-five dollars. Price of tickets for the Yosemite Valley trip, thirty-five dollars, in addition to cost of ticket for the regular excursion. See page 175. Extra Sleeping-Car Accommodations. The cost of an extra double berth (giving an entire section to one person), for the journey between Boston and San Bernardino or San Diego, is $25; drawing-room for one occupant, $67 ; for two occupants, $42 — ^21 for each passenger; for three occupants, entire extra charge, $17. The charges for extra sleeping-car accommodations between Los Angeles (or Santa Barbara) and San Francisco areas follows: Extra double berth, $2.50; drawing-room 18 for one occupant, 56.50; drawing-room for two occupants, $4, or $2 each; drawing- room for three occupants, entire extra charge, $1.50. The cost of an extra double berth from San Francisco to Tacoma or Seattle is $y ; drawing-room for one occupant, ^18 ; drawing-room for two occupants, ^i i — $5*5o for each passenger ; drawing-room for three occupants, entire extra charge, $4. For an extra double berth from Tacoma to Boston, $21 ; drawing-room for one occu- pant, $58 ; drawing-room for two occupants, $^7 — $18.50 for each passenger ; draw- ing-room for three occupants, entire extra charge, 5i6. The itinerary in full and a concise description of the places to be visited will be found in the pages which follow. As the accommodations to be furnished on certain parts of the route are limited, the party will necessarily be restricted in numbers. Persons desirous of becoming members are earnestly requested to enroll their names at as early a date as possible. Tickets must be taken on or before Wednesday, April 19, five days previous to the date of departure. W. RAYMOND. I. A. WHITCOMB. ' Tickets for the excursion, additional copies of this circular, and all needed information can be obtained of RAYMOND & WHITCOMB, 296 Washington St. (opposite Sciiooi St.), Boston. 19 THE TOUR IN OUTLINE. From Boston to the Missouri River. The party will leave Boston from the Fitchburg Railroad station, Causeway street, at 4.00 p. M., Monday, April 24, in a special Pullman vestibuled train with a dining- car. The early stage of the journey is over the popular Hoosac Tunnel route, and •through a picturesque section of Northwestern Massachusetts. At a distance of 135 miles from Boston we enter the portals of the famous Hoosac Tunnel, which pierces the mountains for four and three-quarters miles. This is the longest railroad tunnel on the continent. Near Mechanicville, N. Y., the Hudson River is crossed, and at Rotterdam Junction the train passes from the tracks of the Fitchburg Railroad to those of the West Shore Railroad. This latter line ascends the Mohawk Valley, and traverses the great State of New York, passing through Utica, Syracuse, Rochester, Buffalo, and other important cities. As meals are to be served in the dining-car, there will be no prolonged stay at any station during the early part of the ride. Passing through Buffalo, our train continues along the shores of Lake Erie and the Niagara River to Niagara Falls. We cross the Niagara River on the great Suspension Bridge, just above the terrible Whirlpool Rapids, and about two miles below the cat- aract. From this point westward through Canada the route lies over the Southern Division of the Grand Trunk Railway. The St. Clair River is crossed, just below Lake Huron, by means of the great tunnel, the longest work of its kind in the world. From the Canadian cutting to the river edge is 1,950 feet; from the American cutting to the river, 1,800 feet ; the distance across the river is 2,300, making the total length of the tunnel 6,050 feet. The cost of this great work was about $3,000,000. It not 20 only shortens the line at this point, but greatly facilitates traffic. The line west of the river leading direct to Chicago, 331 miles distant, is the Chicago & Grand Trunk. After traversing Michigan and a little corner of Indiana, we reach the boundary line of Illinois. At Blue Island Junction our train will be transferred to the tracks of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway, on which we make our farther journey to Kansas City. We cross the northern part of the great State of Illinois, reaching the Mississippi River at Rock Island. This route takes us through Joliet, Morris, Ottawa, La Salle, Peru, Geneseo, ^oline, and other populous cities and towns. Rock Island is a hand- some city, which stands on the east side of the lordly Mississippi, while Davenport, la., is on the opposite bank. Thus far we have followed quite closely the line of march taken by General Winfield Scott at the time of the Black Hawk War. Where the city of Morris stands was fought a sanguinary battle between the Black Hawk Indians and the white settlers, the latter having the assistance of the Pottawattamies. The island, which gave the city of Rock Island its name, is traversed by the railway. The island is owned by the United States Government; and the United States Arsenal, which was erected here after the destruction of the one at Harper's Ferry, Va., in the war of the Rebellion, is near the road. The grounds have been laid out by the government in a very handsome manner, and serve as a charming park for the three adjacent cities — Rock Island, Davenport, and Moline. Where the Kimball House in Davenport stands was signed the treaty with the Indians which opened up Western Illinois, Eastern Iowa, and Southern Wisconsin to white settlement. Black Hawk's village stood upon the site of the city of Rock Island. On leaving Davenport our train continues down the west bank of the Mississippi River as far as the flourishing city of Muscatine. Our course is then across the 21 southeastern corner of Iowa; and at Lineville we enter the State of Missouri, trav- ersing its northwestern section from thence to Kansas City, a distance of 139 miles. Princeton, Trenton, and Cameron are the chief towns on this part of the line. Just before entering Kansas City the road crosses the Missouri River on a high and sub- stantial bridge. Kansas City. We shall reach Kansas City early Thursday morning, and spend several hours there. This city lies upon the boundary line of two States — Missouri and Kansas — with its chief population, public buildings, etc., in the former. Kansas City, Mo., contains 132,416 inhabitants, and the Kansas division of the city 38,271. Possessing peculiar advantages from being the junction point of a dozen great railroads, Kansas City has made rapid strides within two or three years past. It is the largest depot for agri. cultural implements in the world, the second great beef-packing centre, and the third place of importance in pork-packing. The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad. On leaving Kansas City Thursday forenoon, we enter upon the main line of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, over which we are to travel upwards of 2,300 miles in different stages of our western journey. With several eastern termini and a number of branches to tributary points, the main line of this road reaches out over the great State of Kansas, through a part of Colorado, and then diagonally across the Territory of New Mexico, to connections with the Pacific Coast and Old Mexico. The Santa Fe system comprises, in addition to the main line and its branches, the Atlantic & Pacific, through Arizona and California, the Southern California Railway Company's system, and other important lines. 22 Kansas and Colorado. Our course from Kansas City to the Colorado State line takes us 486 miles within the borders of Kansas. The State embraces in alternation broad, level Valleys and high, rolling prairies, with a gradual rise towards the Rocky Mountains. At Kansas City we are 765 feet above the sea, and at the borders of Colorado 3,418. The highest point in the State is the extreme northwest, which has an elevation of about 4,000 feet. The eastern section, through which we pass by daylight, is well watered, well settled, and is devoted largely to corn and wheat, of which the yield is enormous. The western section, with the neighboring parts of Colorado and Nebraska, is given up largely to cattle grazing. Entering Colorado a little distance west of Coolidge, we find that the plains look dry and barren, but nevertheless they furnish good grazing. We are at times on what were once famous buffalo grounds. Antelopes are sometimes seen near the track ; and villages of those queer little animals, the prairie dogs, are also common. Deer, like the buffalo, have been driven back from the railroads, and, indeed, the buffalo has been wholly exterminated from these regions. Colorado embraces 103,645 square miles. Of the United States, Texas (262,292 square miles), California (158,000 square miles), Montana (143,776 square miles), and Nevada (109,740 square miles), only exceed it in area; and of the Territories only New Mexico, Arizona, and Alaska. Upon first entering Colorado, little change will be noticed in the physical aspect of the landscape, except that the prairie gradually becomes more rolling. Las Animas is a thriving cattle centre. At La Junta we diverge from the main line of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, for a detour amid some of the great scenic wonders of the Rocky Mountains, and a brief visit to Denver, the " Queen City of the Plains." We proceed first to Pueblo. Our stay 23 here will be long enough for the party to see something of this busy and progressive young city. The Royal Gorge. Leaving Pueblo Friday noon, we shall proceed over the main line of the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad westward in order to visit the famous Royal Gorge. Our course lies through the narrow valley of the Arkansas River. At Florence, thirty- three miles from Pueblo, we are in the centre of the Colorado petroleum district, and above this place are extensive coal deposits. Canon City (forty-one miles) is a large and growing town. The State Penitentiary is near the railroad track on the right, and just beyond are several fine mineral springs. The canon begins just above this point, and for ten miles the scenery is of the wildest and grandest description. Mountains of rock running up almost perpendicularly nearly half a mile in height, and terminating in dizzy pinnacles, seem ready to fall upon the adventurous traveler. The train winds along the course of the rapid stream, and its onward progress seems barred in a hundred places by huge cliffs. The Arkansas, crowded to narrow limits, brawlingly disputes the right of way with the iron steed; and new pictures of wild- ness and grandeur greet the eye at every turn. Every feature of the scenery is on a stupendous scale. Manitou Springs. Returning to Pueblo after our inspection of the Royal Gorge, we shall continue northward over the main line of the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad to Manitou, where the train will arrive at an early mornmg hour on Saturday. The forenoon will be passed in this delightful place and there will be a carriage ride to aid the visitors in making a sight-seeing round. The principal springs and the large bathing estab- 24 lishment are in the heart of the village. The Garden of the Gods lies between Manitou Springs and Colorado Springs; and Pike's Peak, which has an elevation of 14,147 feet (7,850 feet higher than the town itself), rises in solitary beauty only a few miles away. The Manitou & Pike's Peak Railway, which climbs to the very summit of the mountain, was opened two years ago. The Manitou Grand Caverns are within a short distance of the village, as are also Rainbow Falls. Denver. Returning to the train Saturday noon we shall continue on still farther northward to Denver, the capital of the Centennial State. Our headquarters while here will be at the new and elegant Brown's Palace Hotel. Omnibus transfers both to and from the hotel are provided, the party arriving in Denver Saturday afternoon, and remain- ing over Sunday. There will be a carriage ride immediately upon arrival. Denver has a population of 126,186, according to the recent census, and is one of the most substantial and progressive cities of the West. Its streets are regularly and hand- somely laid out ; its public and business edifices and its private residences are elegant and substantial ; schools, churches, and newspapers abound ; and, in short, Denver has every sign of thrift, enterprise, wealth, and progress. The Raton Pass. , We shall go on board the train Sunday night, and leave Denver at an early hour Monday morning, going southward over the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad to Pueblo, and the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe to La Junta, and thence to the Pacific coast. Crossing the Raton Pass above Trinidad, at an elevation of 7,688 feet, we enter the Territory of New Mexico. Fisher's peak, a very prominent and picturesque elevation 25 which rises back of Trinidad and 3,628 feet above it, is 9,633 feet high. The railroad, six miles beyond Trinidad, passes through the mining town of Starkville, and ten miles above Starkville crosses the State line, just north of a long tunnel. Meanwhile occa- sional glimpses have been had of the gleaming Spanish Peaks, which are some thirty miles northwest of Trinidad. The railroad follows the general direction of the old " Sante Fe trail," and Dick Wootton's famous old toll-house is seen on the right just north of the summit. The descent on the New Mexico side is quite steep. Raton is situated on the plain, about 1,000 feet below the summit, and is an important trade centre. New Mexico. This Territory, which came into the possession of the United States after the Mexi- can war, together with Arizona, Colorado, Utah, and Nevada, comprises 121,201 square miles. Much of its surface is an arid waste, but the scenery in many parts of the Territory is very beautiful. Its tablelands are elevated from 5,000 to 7,500 feet above the sea, and snow-capped peaks rise to the height of 11,000 feet and upwards. While commercial relations with the East have been established within the present century (though not fully provided for until the opening of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad), New Mexico and Arizona, together with the southern part of Col- orado, are unquestionably the oldest-settled portions of our country. This region was the home of an ancient civilization for centuries before the first Pilgrim footfall was heard on Plymouth Rock, and before St. Augustine and Jamestown were colonized. Th.t pueblos, or villages of these prehistoric races, are scattered through the valleys of Southern Colorado and Northern New Mexico, and through a large part of Arizona. There are ruins of ancient cities miles in extent; and then there are the curious cliff 26 dwellings which abound in certain parts of Colorado and Arizona. The ptieblos are now inhabited to a large extent by a strange aboriginal race called Pueblo Indians, but the cliff and cave dwellings have probably been in ruins for ages. Soon after the conquest of Mexico by Cortes in 1 519, the Spaniards overran the country, and it is the old South European civilization that now permeates the life and customs of New Mexico and Arizona, the American element being a very recent importation. The present population of New Mexico is 144,862. Near Raton are valuable coal mines. Gold, silver, copper, and other ores are also found in this vicinity. South of Raton lies a rich grazing country dotted with ranches. Springer, the county seat of Colfax, and Wagon Mound are the chief places of importance between Raton and the large and flourishing city of Las Vegas. Las Vegas Hot Springs. The celebrated Hot Springs of Las Vegas are situated six miles from the city of the same name, and we shall pay them a visit,. our special train being taken thither over the Hot Springs Branch. The springs are forty in number, and are situated at the base of a foot-hill that slopes down to the Rio Gallinas. In their thermal properties they are divided into classes; one including springs of a temperature from 120 to 140 degrees Fahrenheit, and the other from 75 to 100 degrees. There are thirty of the former and ten of the latter. Of the whole number only about twenty-five of these springs have been required for the bath-house supply, a single spring furnishing no less than 30,000 gallons of water daily at a temperature of 140 degrees. The warm springs flow from basins, or reservoirs, direct to the bath-houses, while the cooler ones run into large tanks, and are thence conducted into the bath-houses to furnish cold water as desired. 27 The first improvements were made at the springs in 1846, when an adobe bath-house was erected, and a hospital established there by the United States Army. The first hotel was erected in 1879, ^^^ i^ ^^^^^ standing. The popularity of the resort has made greater demands than the old house was intended to supply, and the large and elegant Montezuma was erected. This establishment is situated on one of the heights above the river, at an elevation of about 6,900 feet above the level of the sea. Westward from Las Vegas. Returning to Las Vegas, and then going westward, we traverse an undulating and broken country. Some twenty miles from Las Vegas is a picturesque hill known as Starvation Mountain. This is a flat-topped, rocky eminence, with almost perpen- dicular sides, where, tradition says, the Indians surrounded 140 Mexicans, who finally starved to death. Several crosses have been erected on the summit. Nearly fifty miles southwest of Las Vegas, in the Pecos Valley, are the ruins of the old Pecos Church, which was established 'by the Spaniards soon after 1529. The railroad runs within about a mile of the spot. A short distance from the church are the ruins of a great city which far antedated that edifice. The faint traces of walls, now gradually being reduced to dust, are all that remain. From the Pecos River there is an ascent by a steep grade to the summit of Glorieta Pass, which has an elevation of 7,537 feet. Santa Fe. Santa Fe, the capital of New Mexico, will be reached Monday evening by a branch road from Lamy, a distance of eighteen miles, and there will be a halt here until noon of the ensuing day. San Francisco street is the chief business thoroughfare of the ancient capital. The old buildings are constructed of adobe^ and in the Mexican style. The burro^ a dimin- utive donkey, is made the chief carrier of burdens ; and many of these patient, hard- working little animals are driven into town with packs of wood much larger than themselves. In the centre of the city is the Plaza, or public square, a well-ordered little park, bordered by business houses on three sides and by the old adobe palace on the fourth or north side. In the inclosure is a monument erected in honor of the soldiers who fell at Glorieta and Valverde. The old palace has been the seat of government for at least two and a half centuries. It was occupied by a long line of Spanish governors, and, under United States rule, the ancient edifice has still been used as the governor's residence. The interesting collections of the New Mexican Historical Society have been placed in this edifice. In front of the Exposition Building, near the United States Military Post, is a monument erected in^onorof Kit Carson. Old Fort Marcy, on the hill above the hotel, was established by General Kearney in 1846. Upon the same site De Vargas encamped in 1693. The old San Miguel Church, on the south side of the river, is supposed to be the oideSt place of worship on American soil, having a recorded history as far back as 1580 Near this edifice is St. Michael's College for boys, erected a few years ago, from the tower of which a very fine view of the city and surrounding country is com- manded. Near the ancient church is an old house, the walls of which are supposed to have great antiquity. They are thought to be the remains of a prehistoric edifice. Just across the creek, returning, are the spacious and highly improved grounds of the * Academy of Our Lady of Light," conducted by the Sisters of Loretto. Directly in the rear of these grounds are the residence and noted gardens of Archbishop Lamy. North, a short distance, is the Cathedral of Santa Fe, which has recently been 29 rebuilt. East of the Cathedral is located the St. Vincent asylum, or hospital, con- ducted by the Sisters of Charity. Another old church, that of Guadalupe, was, a few years ago, renovated and modernized for the use of the English-speaking Roman Catholics. There are also several Protestant places of worship. The Ramona School, situated in the outskirts of the town, is a noble institution for the education of Indian youth, under the direction of Rev. H. O. Ladd. From Santa Fe Southvsrard. We shal Heave Santa Fe Tuesday noon, proceeding first to Lamy, where we again join the main line of railway. Near Wallace, thirty-one miles from Lamy, we reach the banks of the Rio Grande del Norte, the chief artery of the water system of the Territory. At this point is th.Q pueblo of Santo Domingo, which is situated upon the bank of the river, within plain sight from the cars. A little farther on is the pueblo of San Felipe. The former tribe numbers nearly i,ooo and the latter between 500 and 600. The station at Wallace is upon the reservation of the Santo Domingo tribe. The ///oooayear in maintaining this church and others at Kodiak and Ounalaska. In the belfry is a chime of six sweet-toned bells brought from Moscow. The old Russian mill still stands beyond the church; but the tea garden, clubhouse, and race course are decayed and practically forgotten. The Presbyterian Mission, established in 1877 by Rev. Sheldon Jackson, D. D., and Mrs. A. R. McFarland, and now under the charge of Rev. Alonzo E. Austin, is the largest in Alaska, The Return Trip. Sitka is accounted the end of the northward voyage, although situated many miles south of Glacier Bay and Pyramid Harbor. We have yet nearly 1,000 miles of water passage to accomplish before reaching Victoria, Port Townsend, and the other Puget Sound points. Our track will be in the main over the same magnificent course we have come, with the omission of the more northward portion. There will perhaps be landings at several points, including Juneau and Fort Wrangel, although this is not certain, and the trip will possess fresh interest from the fact that much of the scenery missed in the night during the northbound passage will now be visible. Even with the same grand scenes to gaze upon and nothing else, the experience would be enchanting; for the grand panorama along the Alaskan and British Columbian coast is matchless in its beauty, variety, and true grandeur. The return will occupy five or six days, but the exact times of arrival or departure cannot be predicted with any degree of exactitude in a voyage of such extent. It is expected that the Puget Sound ports will be reached not later than Friday, June 16, and probably by Thursday, June 15. Victoria, B. C. As part of a day will be spent at Victoria, the capital of British Columbia, there will be time to see something of that pretty city. British Columbia, which extends I 79 ! from the Rocky Mountains to 'the Pacific, and from the northern boundary lines of Washington, Idaho, and Northwestern Montana to Alaska and the Arctic Ocean, comprises about 350,000 square miles. Victoria is a beautiful city of about 15,000 inhabitants, charmingly situated at the southeastern extremity of Vancouver Island. Fort Victoria, a subsidiary depot of the Hudson Bay Company, — the chief depot then being at Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia River, — was established in 1843; and in 1848, at the time of the " Cayuse War," it became an important position for sending supplies to the interior. In 1858, about the time of the gold-mining excitement on the Fraser and the Skagit, New Georgia and New Caledonia, as the main coast and interior had previously been designated, became by royal edict British Columbia, and in 1866 the colony of Vancouver Island was united therewith. Fort Victoria, mean- while, became the city of Victoria. Victoria presents many interesting* features to the stranger. The business avenues have a substantial appearance, and all the streets are wide and well kept. Most of the dwellings have in front of them or surrounding them pretty gardens in which flowers abound through a large part of the year. The government buildings, five in number, and built in Swiss style, comprising the Parliament House, government printing-office, land and works departments, government offices, messenger's residence, and the Provincial Museum, occupy a prettily adorned square just across James's Bay. In front of these is a granite shaft erected to the memory of Sir James Doug- las, the first governor of the colony. There is a populous " Chinatown," and, mingled with the Mongolians on the streets, are many Songhish Indians. Port Townsend. After leaving Victoria " The Queen" will continue on to the American ports on Puget Sound, the first of which is Port Townsend, situated at the head of the Strait of 80 Juan de Fuca, and the port of entry for the whole Puget Sound district. With every possible advantage in the way of situation and climate, and with the prospect of early railroad communication with the rest of the world, this place is making very rapid progress. Seattle. From Port Townsend we proceed to Seattle, the remarkable city that has been built up on the east shores of the sound, — twice built up, in fact, — nearly the entire busi- ness section of the place having been burned in June, 1889. '^^^ ^^^w Seattle is more substantial and handsomer than the old one, and in many ways a gratifying indication