THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
LOS ANGELES
«rsiUi
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2007
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Caton
Scientific Shorthand
I Scientific Shorthand constructs the consonant out- 1
[ lines so they show the exact location of each unrepre- 1
| sented vowel sound, and gives exact expression to i
each initial long vowel and diphthong sound. i
SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO PROFESSIONAL
REPORTING
PUBLISHED BY
THE SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING COMPANY
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
Copyright, 1915
By
THOMAS J. CATON
Copyright. 1917
By
THOMAS J. CATON
All rights reserved
Copyright, 1918
By
SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING COMPANY
All rights reserved
SCIENTIFIC SHORTHAND
This work is presented as the complete and final solution of the short-
hand problem. It places shorthand writing upon a strictly scientific
basis. It is the only system which can be considered a Scientific sys-
tem. This fact will not be disputed by any expert shorthand writer or
teacher; and it is conceded by all such experts who have examined the
work. Not a single word of criticism has been passed upon either the
plan of the work or the pedagogical manner in which it is presented.
THE ONE UNVARYING RULE FOR WRITING WORDS.
Scientific Shorthand expresses all consonant sounds, all initial long
vowel and diphthong sounds, and locates all other vowel sounds. This
method of writing words is the only possible scientific manner in which
they can be written. It reduces the writing of all classes of words to
one simple, unvarying method or plan, instead of requiring the writers
to memorize the illogical, unscientific and arbitrary methods required by
all other systems.
Exact initial long vowel and consonant expression, and exact vowel
location affords the utmost possible legibility with the brevity and facile-
ness of stenographic outlines necessary to meet speed requirements in
rapid verbatim reporting.
UTMOST POSSIBLE LEGIBILITY.
It is now a well known fact that the great majority of words are
readably legible from the writing or printing of the initial long vowel and
diphthong sounds, and all the consonant sounds, provided hyphens are
inserted to show the exact locations of the other vowel sounds. There is
no other way in which words can be written or printed in an equally con-
tracted form which gives the same legibility.
To illustrate: It is impossible to select any other four letters from
the word Winnipeg which will give the same legibility as is obtained from
complete consonant expression and vowel location ; thus, JV-n-p-g.
Likewise, it is impossible to select any other four elementary sounds from
the word Omaha which will give equal legibility with that obtained from
an expression of the initial long vowel sound and the two consonant
rounds, hyphenated to show the exact locations of the other vowel
rounds; thus, Om-h-.
This rule applies to all classes of words, absolutely without a single
exception. Therefore, the conclusion is that complete consonant and
initial long vowel and diphthong expression and exact vowel location
a fords the utmost possible legibility with required brevity. It is the
only method of contracting words which can be reduced to a single rule
or system governing their necessary contraction.
448624
With contextural aid, experience has shown that there is very seldom
either the necessity or desirability of exact vowelization — vowel loca-
tion being all sufficient to afford the needed legibility.
BASIC PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING THE PERFECT SYSTEM.
The world's expert shorthand writers, authors and teachers, are
agreed that certain fundamental principles must underlie the perfect
svstem of shorthand writing.
The following seven principles are thus agreed upon. A thorough
and critical examination of Scientific Shorthand will show that it has not
violated either the letter or the spirit of these seven requisite basic prin-
ciples, namely:
i. The perfect system must be a disconnected vowel system, so that
each word will have the same basic outline, whether vowelized in full,
in part, or not at all.
2. It must employ both light and shaded strokes in its alphabet,
ihereby pairing the cognate sounds, and making use of all high-grade
stenographic material.
3. It must employ a uniform length of stroke in its alphabet, that
the rules governing the modification of strokes may be of general appli-
cation.
4. It must make use of positions, because it is easier to write a word
in position than to use extra strokes and characters to attain the ends
for which position may be utilized.
5. It must be a phonetic system to maintain the purity of pronun-
ciation.
6. It must give exact expression to medial and final vowel sounds
by disjoined characters, to maintain a uniform basic outline.
7. It must overcome, as far as possible, the one universally recog-
nized defect of all systems — illegibility, by complete consonant expres-
sion and exact vowel location.
We submit Scientific Shorthand in full and perfect confidence that it
is the final solution to the shorthand problem — final because perfect.
SCIENTIFIC SHORTHAND ALPHABET
1. The letters of the Scientific Shorthand Alphabet are light and
shaded straight and curved strokes.
2. From the two strokes, each half light line and half shaded line,
that bisect each other in the form of the letter X, we obtain two light line
strokes, and two shaded line strokes. Such strokes represent the letters
**•-*, . ■ • -, > /'
\ \ / A ' '■
3. Above letters are written downward always ; a vowel sound does
not follow them when they are used finally, as in rope, rub, peach, rage.
4. The Ch stroke, written above the ruled line, expresses H ; and the
J stroke so written expresses Wh. A vowel sound always follows strokes
H and Wh.
5. From the two strokes, each half light line and half shaded line,
that bisect each other in the form of a cross, we obtain two light line
strokes, and two shaded line strokes. Such strokes represent the letters
T, D, K and G.
T D K G n y
_J l , , J"
>r
6. T and D must be written downward. K and G must be written
from left to right. A vowel sound always follows T or D strokes where
they are joined to other strokes medially or finally, as in pity, ready,
betake, redeem. A vowel sound does not follow K or G where they are
used finally, as in back, dug.
7. The K stroke expresses the sound of K, as in key, book; of C in
cat, call, acme; of Ch in chorus.
8. The G stroke expresses the sound of G, as in go, beg; but the J
stroke expresses the sound of G as in page or general.
9. A straight stroke, written upward from left to right, expresses
the sound of R, as heard in ray, rope, bury. This R stroke is named Ray,
because a vowel sound follows it.
10. The eleven strokes above given (P, B, Ch, J, H, Wh, T,
D, K, G, Ray) are all the straight stroke letters used in Scientific Short-
hand.
CONSONANTS ARE WRITTEN VOWELS ARE LOCATED
i. The vowels are A, E, I, O, U. W and Y are vowels where thev
are not followed by a vowel sound, as in now, ruby. The characters
which represent the vowel sounds will be given further on in this work.
2. It is seldom necessary to write any of the short vowel sounds;
and the great majority of medial long vowel sounds need not be written,
provided the consonant letters are written so they show exactly where
the unwritten vowel sounds occur. Thus, the student can see how unneces-
sary it is to write the vowels in the words W-n-p-g (Winnipeg), M-n-s-t-
(Minnesota), M-n—p-l-s (Minneapolis), p-r-ty (purity), etc. There is
even less need of exact vowel writing where there is contextural aid ;
thus:
W-th k-nd r-g-rds, I b-g t- r-m-n,
Y-rs v-ry tr-ly.
BASIC FEATURE OF SCIENTIFIC SHORTHAND
3. The method by which all vowel sounds are exactly located
(thereby rendering their writing unnecessary in nearly all words) is
the great and distinctive feature of Scientific Shorthand. The student,
therefore, must give careful and thoughtful attention to every rule gov-
erning vowel location.
4. Strokes H and Wh, used initially, must be written above the ruled
or base line of writing to differentiate them from strokes Ch and J.
POSITIONS DEFINED
5. First Position: Where the initial stroke is written above the
ruled or base line of writing, such stroke, or the entire outline of which
it may form a part, is in First Position.
Initial H and Wh strokes must be written in First Position.
6. Second Position: Where the initial stroke is written on the
ruled or base line of writing, such stroke, or the entire outline of which
it forms a part, is in Second Position.
POSITION LOCATES INITIAL VOWEL SOUND
7. Any stroke of the Scientific Shorthand Alphabet (except H and
Wh) is written in Second Position to show that its sound begins the
word, and that a vowel sound immediately follows it. Therefore, the
P stroke, written in Second Position, is the consonant outline for the
words pay, pea, pie, Poe, pew; the B stroke so written is the consonant
outline for the words and syllables bay, bee, buy, beau, beu. The H
stroke in First Position is the consonant outline for the words hay, he,
high, hoe, hue.
WRITING EXERCISE
8. The student may now write the consonant outlines for the follow-
ing words and syllables:
Pay, pea, pie, Poe, pew (P stroke, Second Position) ; bay, bee, by,
beau, beu; tay, tea, tie, toe, teu; day, dee, die, dough, dew; cha, chee,
chy, cho, chew; jay, jee, jie, Joe, jew; kay, key, kie, Coe, coo; gay, gee,
guy, go, geu; ray, ree, rye, roe, rue; hay, he, high, hoe, hue; whey,
whee, why, whoa, whew.
9. The student should write and rewrite the alphabetic strokes until
neatness and accuracy as to their length, slant, direction and position is
attained. Such mastery of alphabetic construction is absolutely essen-
tial to success. The alphabetic strokes should be as near as possible the
size of the engraved outlines — about one-sixth inch in length.
JOINING CONSONANT STROKES
1. Scientific Shorthand requires the exact expression of the con-
sonant sounds and the exact expression or location of all the vowel
sounds. Therefore, in words containing two or more consonant sounds,
the strokes that represent such sounds must be joined in the order in
which they are heard ; except, however, the medial or final sound of H or
Wh must be expressed by writing the H or Wh stroke through the con-
sonant stroke which precedes it, thereby differentiating it from the
joined medial and final Ch or J stroke. Thus, in the words behold, key-
hole, tallyho, the H stroke would be written through the strokes B, K
and L.
2. It should be noted that there are very few words which contain
a medial or final H or Wh. A vowel sound always follows the H and
Wh strokes.
VOWEL LOCATION BY POSITION
3. Illustrations showing how consonant strokes are joined and the
unwritten vowel sounds located are given on the following page. The
student should note that the first vowel sound comes immediately after
the first stroke; that a vowel sound follows medial or final T, D, Ray
and H strokes ; that a vowel sound does not follow any other final straight
alphabetic stroke. More advanced pages will present the method of
expressing T, D and R where a vowel sound does not follow them ; also,
the method of expressing a vowel sound after the other strokes where
they are used medially or finally.
4. In the great majority of words, the final vowel sound is expressed
by the letter Y. Therefore, in the following Key outlines, Y is printed
as the final vowel, where the outlines indicate a final vowel sound, as
p-ty, b-ry, b-dy, instead of p-t-, b-r-, b-d-.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF JOINED STROKES
1. By inserting a vowel sound where hyphens are printed in the
Key to the following illustrative outlines, one or more words are obtained.
Thus, the outline p-ty is the consonant expression for the words patty,
petty, pity, putty, etc.
2. The stwflent should write the following illustrative outlines and
name the vtffrds and syllables in which they are the consonant sounds.
Thus p-k is 'the consonant expression for the words pack, peck, pick, peak,
pike, poke, etc.
3. The last six illustrations teach that a straight stroke repeated is
dotted near the end of the stroke to show that a vowel sound does not
follow the sound of the repeated stroke, and that a repeated straight
stroke is written disjoined in Second Position to show that a vowel sound
follows the repeated stroke.
>
p-ch
P-J
p-k
p-g
p-ry
b-ty
b-dy
b-ch
b-j
b-k
b-g
\y . b-rv
i_
i/
JL.
J—
4
t-ry
d-p
d-b
d-ty
d-ch
d-k
d-g
d-ry
ch-p
ch-b
ch-k
ch-g
ch-ry
J-P
T
wh-k
wh-g
wh-ry
V~~ b-r-k
1/ d-r-k
\ h-d-k
X/1 p-r-ty
\A p-r-dy
\ P-P
p-p-
b-b
b-by
k-k
k-k-
\
WRITING EXERCISE
The student will now write the consonant outlines for
the following words :
babe
rap
hip
hope
couch
baby
whack
jig
hop
dowry
back
beach
Jip
job
gouty
bag
beak
kick
jog
pouch
bake
beck
pick
joke
pouty
batch
bedew
pig
poach
rowdy
bearer
beg
pike
poke
balk
cab
cheap
pipe
pope
chalk
cage
check
pitch
roach
daub
Cairo
cheery
pity
roar
gaudy
cap
deck
rib
rob
haughty
cape
deep
rich
rock
hawk
catch
heap
ridge
rogue
talk
chap
hearer
rig
top
book
chary
hedge
ripe
Tory
booty
dab
hero
tick
beauty
cook
dairy
keep
tidy
bug
cooky
data
keg
tip
budge
coop
gab
peck
Whig
chuck
hook
gag
peep
whip
cub
hoop
gage
peg
bob
cup
took
gap
Peru
bog
duck
whoop
Gary
pique
borough
duke
bagpipe
hag
reap
choke
Dutch
haycock
Haiti
reach
chop
duty
hayrack
Jack
ready
coach
dub
charity
jag
reek
cob
dupe
parody
jab
wreck
cock
hub
bedaub
pack
wretch
cocoa
hug
detach
page
teach
cog
huge
hectic
papa
teak
cope
Judah
heritage
patch
bib
Cora
jug
rectory
tab
big
dock
juju
retake
tag
chick
dodo
puck
retouch
take
chip
dodge
pug
rhetoric
tap
Dido
dog
pup
gyratory
tape
dig
dope
touch
tiptop
rack
dike
dory
tube
dotage
rag
dip
goatee
tug
potato
rage
gig
hob
tub
purity
rare
hike
hog
rug
dearer
SCIENTIFIC SHORTHAND ALPHABET CONTINUED
1. Connecting the points of the X figure by curved strokes, light
and shaded, we obtain four light line strokes, and four shaded line
strokes. Such strokes represent the letters M, Mp, N, Ng, Th, Th, S
and Z.
tfOfc M Mp N Ng Th Th s z
O^ _ ^ ( ( ) )
2. Strokes M, Mp, N, Ng, must be written from left to right.
Strokes Th, Th, S and Z must be written downward.
3. The light line Th stroke expresses th as heard in bath, think;
and the heavy Th stroke expresses th as heard in bathe, those.
4. A vowel sound follows the medial and final use of the N stroke,
as in funny, many, tonic, etc. The method of expressing medial and
final N, when a vowel sound does not follow it, as in fun, men, tone,
etc., will be given in more advanced pages of this book.
5. A vowel sound does not follow medial and final M, Mp, Ng, Th,
Th. Strokes S and Z are seldom used either medially or finally. Vowel
location connected with their use is given in an advanced page of this
work.
WRITING EXERCISE
6. The student may now write the consonant outlines for the fol-
lowing words and syllables :
May, me, my, mo, mew (M stroke, Second Position) ; nay, knee,
nigh, know, new, now ; tha, the, thigh, tho, thew ; they, thee, thy, though,
thou; say, see, sigh, sew, sue, saw; zay, zee, zie, Zoe, zoo.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF JOINED STROKES
m-p "~^\
L=> th-m _^L
n-b .1 — % th-m __1 wh-m
~r
m-ty
1-
«*_ n-dy \. / — p-ny — S b-th
m-ch ^ y n-j I ^ t-nv JS D_tlle
T
y n-j _L^ t-ny J^
1_ m-ry ■> ■> n-m S ' r-ny S\ r-th
^ m-m >. * — n-g . L— ->. — d-m _^4 — r-the
_m-th A th-k A ch-m . U — t-n-k
^m-ny _J th-g __L_h-m ^ m-t-ny
WRITING EXERCISE
The student will now write the consonant outlines for the
following words:
bathe
meaty
both
thug
depth
canoe
meek
cockney
thumb
merino
came
neap
cockroach
thump
Metonic
camp
neck
cony
tuna
nectary
dame
needy
comb
downy
retinue
damp
Neta
come
mouth
technic
game
renew
dome
balm
thetic
gamp
wreath
doth
calm
chimney
ham
seedy
honey
gnaw
Chinook
jam
team
home
palm
chipmunk
jamb
Theda
mob
naughty
dictum
maim
theme
mock
tawny
kinetic •
make
zero
money
booth
minatory
Madge
China
mope
boom
mink
many
chime
Moro
doom
minum
map
Dinah
moth
moody
nickname
match
dim
notch
nook
knickknack
Mary-
dime
pony
sooty
dignitary
knack
guinea
pomp
tomb
psychic
nab
hymn
wrong
tooth
conic
nag
kith
soda
barony
corona
name
midge
thong
tank
Modoc
nap
miry
tony
rank
Mohawk
nape
myth
tome
Canada
monitory
nabob
nib
bum
catacomb
monody
rainy
niche
dumb
daytime
monotony
rang
nick
gum
harangue
monotype
Sadie
nip
hung
harem
moratory
Sarah
piny
hum
madam
Sodom
tame
ring
jump
Madeira
thoric
tamp
writhe
Juno
magnetic
dukedom
thatch
Sinai
juror
manage
mutiny
beam
thyme
muck
manitou
Puritanic
Beth
tiny
mug
matinee
coinage
death
time
mum
maturity
dogtooth
deem
tithe
nub
panada
chink
deny
thick
nudge
satanic
tunic
gem
whim
numb
bedim
botanic
heap
bony
puny
cherub
retina
hemp
bomb
Ruth
denim
detinue
SCIENTIFIC SHORTHAND ALPHABET CONTINUED
1. Connecting the points of the cross by curved strokes, light and
shaded, we obtain four light line strokes, and four shaded line strokes.
Such strokes represent the letters L, Lt-d, W, Qu, F, V, Sh and Y.
m
Lt-d \V Ou F V Sh Y
.A
z_z: ^ ^ ^ v i j j
UPWARD AND DOWNWARD FORMS FOR L AND Sh STROKES
2. Initial L stroke is written upward, generally.
3. Sh stroke is written downward where it is the only stroke in the
word. Initial Sh stroke, in words containing two or more strokes, may
be written either upward or downward, care being taken to use the
direction which will give the most facile joining with the stroke that fol-
lows: Thus, in the word shame, the downward Sh makes the better
joining; in the word shady, the upward Sh makes the better joining. All
other strokes above given must be written downward.
4. Strokes L and Sh, used medially and finally, must be written
upward where a vowel sound follows them ; and they must be written
downward where a vowel sound does not follow them.
STROKES THAT IMPLY A VOWEL SOUND FOLLOWING
5. A vowel sound always follows strokes W, Qu and Y ; also L and
Sh when they are written upward, as set forth in last paragraph. A
vowel sound does not follow the medial and final use of the other strokes
above given.
6. The Qu stroke represents not only the sound of Qu as heard in
quick, acquire, but it may represent also the alphabetic sound of Qu
as heard in cute, cure, accuracy, vacuum.
\\ AND R STROKES DIFFERENTIATED
7. There are very few words that contain the medial or final con-
sonant sound of W, as heard in byway, leeway, bailiwick. Therefore,
the medial and final W stroke must be dotted, in order that we may be
able to use the same stroke undotted, medially and finally, to express
the sound of R where it is not followed by a vowel sound, as in the
words dare, chair, fire, etc. We are thereby enabled to differentiate
dare and dairy; fire and fury; cheer and cheery; mire and marry, by
using the Ray stroke where a vowel sound follows R, and by using the
curved R stroke (same as W stroke), where a vowel sound does not
follow R.
WRITING EXERCISE
8. The student may now write the consonant outlines for the fol-
lowing words and syllables :
Lay, lea, lie, low, lieu, law (L stroke, Second Position) ; way, wee,
wye, woe, woo ; qua, quee, qui, quo, queue ; fay, fee, fie, foe, few ; vay, vee,
vie, voe, view, vow ; shay, she, shy, show, shoo, shaw ; yea, ye, yo, yew.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF JOINED STROKES
^X.
ZL
ZX
Zl_
/v
^L
£L
^
-p
-j
-dy
-ry
-k
-m
-mp
-ng
-ny
-r
-f
v
th
the
w-1-
w-ry
w-ty
w-d-
9-
v_
v_
h
K
J^
w-n-
qu-1
. qu-sh
,qu-f
qu-k
f-ny
f-ty
>g
. f-ng
, f-m
. f-th
f-ch
,v-t-
i v-mp
,v-ny
,f-g
.s-1-
S-h-r-
z-ngk
sh-p
A sh-dy
_L sh-k
J^ sh-ry
J—, sh-m
y sh-ny
J Y-d-
-^
T
T
>
y-r-
m-y-
f-ld
m-lt
k-lt
g-ld
b-ld
t-ld
h-ld
VL
x.
10
ILLUSTRATIONS OF UPWARD AND DOWNWARD L AND SH
STROKES
J— d-1 / j-1 -pJ 1- 1 J d-sh
J^— d-ly A~ j-ly -^ t-ly 1/ d-shy
f-1 _/T _ 1-1 -\ — v_1 -X f-sh
->
/r i-i -^ — v- 1 -X r
kZl_ f-ly _Z_>ly AZl_v-ly Vy f-shy
— - - — g-1 \ p-1 - —jA sh-1 ^ m -sh
L- g-ly \f p-ly -^- — sh-1- ^-^J m-shy
/ Vi-1 ^ r-1 -^ b-sh X? r-sh
J__h-ly ^^ r-ly _^Z_ b-shy _^_ R-sh-
ILLUSTRATIONS OF UPWARD AND DOWNWARD -R AND
RAY STROKES
■V b-r V f-r
^x-r -^
m-r
- sh-r
^^lb-ry \Js f-ry ^/ m-ry ■ ^ sh-ry
L — d-r ^ h-r "^ qu-r _k^_ v-r
t/L-d-ry /^ h-rv _Z^kl_qu-ry A^l. V-r-
1 ILLUSTRATIONS OF REPEATED STRAIGHT STROKES
1. The Ray stroke is super-lengthened and dotted to express tier,
as in barrier, courier, merrier, etc. ; and it is lengthened and dotted
to express rer, as in dearer, nearer, mirror, etc. ■
2. Words are divided into syllables so that each medial and final
syllable begins with a consonant sound. Thus, the words seed-er,
mark-er, plant-er, reap-er, shell-ing, are written as though pronounced
see-der, mar-ker, plan-ter, rea-per, she-ling,
-$\ bopeep *r ' — sorority \/ barrier IL — ^ totem
> ■ peacock Ji — = Teutonic . *— S mirror is juror
— pedagogue -k_ dearer ^-^/ merrier IX terror
11
WRITING EXERCISE
The student will now write the consonant outlines for the
following words:
bare
vague
yellow
loaf
move
dash
vale
billow
loath
tour
fair
vary
byway
loathe
woolly
faith
wallow
child
lodge
fairly
fame
warrior
dire
loll
fanatic
fang
waylay
fig
lore
fatally
fatty
whale
Fido
love
fatigue
hail
berry
fife
lowly
lactic
hash
cheer
file
molt
laudanum
jail
fear
five
knoll
malady
chary
fellow
guile
quota
quality
carriage
fetch
highway
quoth
shapely
lair
ferry
hire
shore
tallyho
lake
jello
life
told
vampire
lady
leaf
like
volley
vanity
lame
leak
lilac
worry
wallop
lamp
leave
lily
bureau
watery
lap
leap
lip
curry
belief
latch
leash
lithe
cube
derive
lath
ledge
mire
duly
hemlock
laugh
leer
Nile
fudge
require
mail
leeway
quick
furor
venom
mare
leg
quire
funny
dimly
marriage
Lehigh
Shiloh
July
fifth
marry
mellow
ship
lull
fishhook
maya
mesh
silo
lure
linotype
nail
Nellie
tissue
mush
litany
Nash
query
vim
rule
ridicule
pare
real
viny
rush
shipwreck
quack
reef
widow
Russia
Shylock
quaff
rely
winnow
tush
victim
quash
sheaf
witty
foil
vitally
rash
sheath
bold
doily
forage
rarely
sheathe
coal
vouch
phonetic
shadow
shield
cold
halt
hollyhock
shady
shelly
folk
haul
lofty
shake
thief
foray
Cauley
loophole
shame
venue
goal
Laura
quorum
shave
veto
gold
vault
votary
shape
wearer
hoar
look
futurity
share
wheel
hold
loony
lunatic
Yeddo
holly
tear
moor
purely
12
LOCATING MEDIAL AND FINAL VOWEL SOUNDS
1. Medial and final T, D, Ray, N, H, Y, Qu, and upward L and
Sh strokes, imply a vowel sound following. Medial and final P, B, Ch,
J, K, G, F, V, Th, Th, M, Mp, Lt-d, are lengthened to show a vowel
sound following .
_rope
^_ropy
tack
^tacky
z_
1_
L — * dnm
L . dummy
2^_leaf
.leafy
.teach
touchy
-moth
-Matthew
-dumpy
-redeem
.hammock
-Dakota
X
hf-
zv.
satanic
bigamy
hoggish
legatee
refectory
iA=_ vilify
.revive
L — j damage
\ peachy
1/V terrific
*- — J\ humility
moldy
Cathay
ravage
3
2. Medial and final T, D, Ray, N, Qu, and upward L and Sh, are
lengthened to show that two successive vowel sounds follow them.
A
Cora
Corea
ratio
radio
folio
A
iZ.
\yf burial
)/[ cereal
k.
meteor
•shadowy
Joshua
nausea
.medium
.vacuum
/\ radially
13
THE DOUBLE CONSONANT ALPHABET
1. In Scientific Shorthand, each consonant sound is expressed in two
ways. The second way of expressing some of the consonants is (a)
by making the strokes longer, as set forth in paragraph one on the pre-
ceding page; (b) by writing the strokes upward and downward, as in
the case of L, Sh and R; (c) by a small final hook, as in the case of
T, D and N, which will be given later.
2. The purpose of this double representation of the consonant
sounds is to show whether or not a vowel sound follows the medial and
final uses of the consonant strokes, and other characters which represent
them. In this way, we differentiate such words as fun and funny; pit
and pity; need and needy; vale and valley; bush and bushy; dare and
dairy; bug and buggy.
3. We must request the student to master the plan of this work,
and in all cases to use the correct consonant characters; because some
of the consonant characters are to be used medially and finally, when
they are followed by a vowel sound, and the others are to be used when
they are not followed by a vowel sound. Therefore, the correct uses
of the double consonant representatives constitute the theory of Scientific
Shorthand, in very large part.
4. No other system of shorthand writing contains a complete double
representation of consonant sounds. No other system of shorthand writ-
ing, therefore, can locate the vowel sounds except by making extra char-
acters for them, thereby adding greatly to the length of the shorthand
outline for any word.
5. It is well known that very few words require the writing in of
the vowel sounds, provided their exact locations are shown by the struct-
ure of the consonant outlines. This fact is clearly shown by the hyphen-
ated outlines for words given in the Writing Exercises throughout this
work.
6. Scientific Shorthand is the briefest writing system it is possible to
construct, and maintain necessary legibility.
WORDS MUST BE WRITTEN IN CONTRACTED FORM
7. All shorthand writing of necessity is contracted writing. In Sci-
entific Shorthand, words arc contracted as follows :
(a) By omitting all silent letters; (b) by locating the vowel sounds,
thereby overcoming the necessity of expressing them by either connected
or disjoined characters; (c) by omitting the first of repeated conson-
ants, as heard in carriage, buffalo, effect, associate — writing them
cariage, bufalo, efect, asociatc.
14
COMPLETE CONSONANT ALPHABET
Pee \ p, as in pay, rap See ) s, as in say, seedy
Bee \ b. as in boy, rub Zee __)_ z, as in zinc, Ezra
Tee J t, as in tie, pity Shay y sh, as in ship, ash
Dee _| d, as in do, ready Yea J y, as in yes, bunion
Chay / ch, as in chop, etch Em m. as in me. time
Jay /_ j, as in jog, rage Emp ^^ mp. as in damp, lumpy
Hay h, as in hay, behave En . „ n, as in no, rainy
Wha i wh, as in whip, whine Ing ^__, ng, as in song, among
Kay k. as in key, take El /"" 1, as in lay, folly
Gay p-. as in go, rug Elt-d /^ lt-d, as in fault, mold
Fee _V, f ? as i n f oe , muff Ar -., r, as in arm, dare
* ee V^ v. as in view, move Way ^\ w. as in willow, wine
The _£ th, as in thigh, both Way -^ w, as in away, awake
Thee _£ th as j n t| leC) bathe Way "^ w. as in byway, leeway
^ a . v / r. as in roe, bury Qu ~^ qu. as in quick, accuse
EXACT VOWEL EXPRESSION
1. The method by which the vowels are located has now been given.
2. On the page opposite, we present the method by which medial and
final vowel sounds may be exactly expressed. There is greater need
of exact vowel expression in words of one syllable than in other word?.
The greater the number of consonants expressed and vowels located, the
lesser the need for exact vowel expression.
3. The student should rewrite the words given in preceding writing
exercises, pages 5, 7 and 11, and write into the outlines the exact vowel
sounds, thereby securing accuracy and facility in exact vowel expression.
15
MANNER OF EXPRESSING VOWEL SOUNDS
1. Medial and final vowel sounds, and initial short vowel sounds, are
expressed by the following characters :
A
E
I
O
u
Oo
Oi, oy, as in oil, boy
Ou, ow, as in out, now
Au, aw, as in audit, law
2. The vowel characters are written on the right hand side of per-
pendicular and inclined strokes, and on the under side of horizontal
strokes to show that the vowel sound follows the sound of the stroke;
and they are written near the end of any stroke to show that the vowel
has the long sound.
V
pay
In
due
V
be
v
__ D °y
L
tie
/
bow
v.
foe
/<
raw
\^> boo
t
law
now
may
J_
thy
she
cow
go
3. Long vowel and diphthong sounds between strokes are written
either after the first stroke, or before the second stroke, as may be most
convenient .
\..- _ bake
\, ^ dime
A
home
peal
bowl
rainy
A. share
ripe
shame
N/" 7 below
I deep
j ^ doom
4. Short vowel sounds between strokes are written after the first
of the two strokes, at the beginning end of the stroke. A, as heard in
calm, tarry, is expressed by writing the vowel at the center of the stroke.
\ back
A — dim
{T^"^ lamp
A
A,
hem
chum
L— s. thump
ship
mop
rang
A
tarn-
calm
whim
16
ILLUSTRATIONS OF PRECEDING PRINCIPLES
Revenue, r-v-n-
/"V Lottery, l-t-ry
V/\ Phillip, f-l-p
K. Foppery, f-p-ry
_ Tammany, t-m-ny
, Cholera, k-l-ry
__ Tobacco, t-b-ko
— Dignity, d-gn-ty
— Coterie, k-t-r-
— ^ — ■ y. — Factory, f-kt-ry
)±J- Felony, f-l-ny
^y -Happily, h-p-ly
■ *wl Debility, d-b-l-ty
-Bamboo, b-niboo
-Bouquet, b-ka
•Hackney, h-kny
\
r-i
^r — ■
V
J/3/
-=L
\^
^L
Lineage, l-n- -j
Jubilee, j-b-l-
Polarity, p-l-r-iy
Lullaby, l-l-by
Demagogue, d-m-g-g
Military, m-l-t-ry
Manifold, ui-n-f-ld
Tonnage, t-u-j
Mammoth, m-m-ih
Militia, m-l-sh-
Di rectory, d-r-kt-ry
Victoria, v-ht-r- -
Mahogany, m-h-g-ny
Bonafide, b-n-f-d-
Nebula, n-b-la
Cupola, qu-p-la
Malaria, m-I-r- -
— Decalogue, d-k-l-g
Note: — The italicized letters shown above, represent the consonant
sounds in the respective words. The Scientific Shorthand outlines must
express, not only those exact consonant sounds, but they must be positioned
and constructed so they show that vowel sounds are exactly where the
hyphens are printed.
Position is used either to express or to locate the initial vowel sound.
The lengthening of certain strokes is used solely to show that a vowel
sound follows the sound of the stroke. If the stroke implies a vowel
sound following (as in the case of medial and final T, D, Ray, N, Lay,
Sha), then such stroke is lengthened to show that two successive (con-
current) vowel sounds follow it.
17
WRITING EXERCISE
1. The words given in the several writing exercises throughout this
work should he written in longhand on the left margin of the student's
note book ; and the shorthand outline, which exactly expresses the itali-
cized letters, and locates the unrepresented vowel sound or sounds as
shown by the hyphens, should be written as near as possible to the word.
The student's work should be carefully examined and criticised by the
teacher. The student should then write each word as many times as the
line space will permit. Great care should be exercised in the formation of
each alphabetic stroke, as to length, direction and position. The student
should fully understand why and how the consonant outlines, aided by
position, locate vowel sounds exactly as shown by the hyphens.
pump, p-mp
hump, h-mp
wreathe, r-th
fang, f-ng
hath, h-th
bump, b-mp
heath, h-th
hack, h-k
thing, th-ng
vamp, v-mp
path, p-tJi
faith, f-th
fake, f-k
sheath, sh-th
dump, d-nip
dug, d-g
gum. s;-m
Goth, 'G-th
thump, tJi-mp
bath, b-th
sheathe, sh-th
jump, j-mp
wrath, r-th
lump, l-nip
lung, l-ng
teeth, t-th
lathe, 1-th
rhythm, r-th in
long, l-ng
beer, b-r
tare, t-r
jeer, ]-r
gore, g-r
hear, h-r
fire, f-r
near, n-r
pair, p-r
bore, b-r
tire, t-r
dear, d-r
care, k-r
rear, r-r
queer, qu-r
hair, h-r
pore, p-r
tore, t-r
chair, cli-r
core, k-r
veer, v-r
dare, d-r
pure, p-r
bear, b-r
door, d-r
chore, ch-r
gear, g-r
hare, h-r
fare, f-r
pier, p-r
perry, p-ry
Jerry, J-ry
Harry, H-ry
very, v-ry
sherry, sh-ry
bury, b-ry
jury, j-ry
hurry, h-ry
Laury, L-ry
merry, m-ry
tarry, t-ry
carry, h-ry
hoary, h-ry
wiry, iv-ry
sorry, s-ry
cherry, ch-ry
gory, g-ry
fiery, f-ry
yarrow, y-ro
narrow, n-ro
pale, p-l
ball, b-l
peal, p-l
bail, b-l
tall, t-l
pile, p-l
bowl, b-l
tile, t-l
pole, p-l
bawl, b-l
tool, /-/
jail, j-l
hale, h-l
vail, v-l
dare, d-r
mile, m-l
kneel, n-l
dale, d-l
keel, k-l
heel, h-l
rail, r-l
fail, f-l
vile, W
mole, m-l
deal, d-/
cool, k-l
reel, r-i
hole, ft-/
mail, m-l
mule, ?»-/
quail, qu-l
gale, £-/
rile, r-/
howl, h-l
fowl, /-/
meal, m-l
nail, «-/
shale, j/i-/
pulley, p-ly
chilly, ch-ly
rally, r-ly
fully, /-/y
bully, fr-/y
jelly, j-ly
hilly, /t-/y
valley, v-ly
18
WRITING EXERCISE CONTINUED
willow, zv-lo
shallow, sh-lo
fallow, f-lo
tally, t-ly
Cauley, K-ly
holy, h-ly
lily, l-ly
harrow, h-ro
furrow, f-ro
sheer, sh-r
tulip, t-l-p
daily, d-ly
folly, f-ly
Malay, M-la
gallop, g-l-p
bellow, b-lo
push, />-^/t
cash, k-sh
lash, /-j/i
foolish, f-l-sh
Pasha, P-sha
mushy, m-shy
bush, b-sh
gush, £-,?/»
gash, g-sh
mulish, m-l-sh
bushy, b-shy
wishy, w-shy
dish, d-sh
hush, h-sh
Polish, P-/-j/i
dishy, rf-j/ty
dashy, d-shy
josh, /-*&
fish, f-sh
rake, r-fc
fishy, ^-j/iy
Joshua, J-sh--
fop, /-/>
rub, r-b
knob, n-fr
peach, />-c/i
peachy, p-chy
*'og, /-£
foppy, f-py
nobby, n-by
ruby, r-&y
foggy, f-gy
mop, »»-/>
beech, b-ch
log, /-£
mopy, w-/>y
vvebby, w-by
ditch, d-c/t
beechy, b-chy
knock, n-k
tack, /-&
tacky, t-ky
league, /-g
loggy, l-gy
pith, />-#»
dum, d-m
lime, l-m
timely, t-mly
lively, l-vly
reverie, r-v-r-
verily, v-r-ly
revenue, r-v-nu
lottery, l-t-ry
parish, p-r-sh
cubic, qu-b-k
pithy, p-thy
dummy, d-my
limy, l-my
dumbly, d-mly
moth, m-th
chum, ch-m
pillow, p-lo
Phillip, F-l-p
Matthew, M-thu
chummy, ch-my
below, b-lo
comic, k-m-k
redeem, r-d-m
tonic, t-n-k
happy, h-py
comedy, k-m-dy
mimic, ni-m-k
livery, l-v-ry
vilify, v-l-fy
foppery, f-p-ry
fathom, f-th-m
baggage, b-g-j
parity, p-r-ty
verity, v-r-ty
revoke, r-v-k
referee, r-f-re
panic, p-n-k
Tammany, T-m-ny
Timothy, T-m-thy
botany, b-t-ny
pigmy, p-gmy
legatee, l-g-te
badge, b-j
banana, b-n-n-
bedeck, b-d-k
borrow, b-ro
by-law, b-lazv
chicory, ch-k-ry
cholera, k-l-ry
tobacco, t-b-ko
notary, n-t-ry
dignity, d-gn-ty
dogma, d-gma
famish, f-m-sh
gummy, "•-;;/ v
bailiff, b-l-f '
readily, r-d-ly
vanilla, v-n-l-
camera, k-m-r-
knife, n-f
coffee, k-f-
coterie, k-t-ry
debauch, d-b-ch
dilemma, d-l-m-
factory, f-kt-ry
felony, f-l-ny
knave, n-v
navy, n-vy
roguish, r-g-sh
shiny, sh-ny
19
WRITING EXERCISE CONTINUED
damage,, d-m-j
ravage, r-v-j
happily, h-p-ly
bakery, b-k-ry
beautify, b-t-fy
IxDttom, b-t-m
cavity, k-v-ty
comedy, k-m-dy
derrick, d-r-k
debility, d-b-l-ty
heretic, h-r-t-k
bamboo, b-mboo
battery, b-t-ry
bookish, b-k-sli
bouquet, b-ka
vitally, v-t-ly
codify, k-d-fy
covey, k-vy
delay, d-la
hackney, h-kny
hammock, h-m-k
leafy, l-fy
magnify, m-gn-fy
decalogue, d-k-l-g
merino, m-r-no
bequeath, b-qu-th
dynamo, d-n-mo
rebuke, r-b-k
tunic, t-n-k
thorough, th-ro
pagoda, p-g-d-
territory, t-r-t-ry
fatigue, f-t-g
package, p-k-j
hurrah, h-razv
lack, l-k
lackey, l-ky
jubilee, j-b-le
luck, l-k
lucky, l-ky
polarity, p-l-r-ty
meadow, m-do
mighty, m-ty
peerage, p-r-j
radish, r-d-sh
lullaby, l-l-by
relief, r-l-f
retire, r-t-r
demagogue, d-m-g-g
Jericho, j-r-ko
villa, v-l-
gallery, g-l-ry
military, m-l-t-ry
monopoly, m-n-p-ly
menagerie, m-n-j-r-
nullify, n-l-fy
buggy, b-gy
manifold, m-n-f-ld
julep, j-l-p
tonnage, t-n-j
rotary, r-t-ry
lyric, l-r-k
mammoth, m-m-th
melody, m-l-dy
relieve, r-l-v
shampoo, sh-mp-
village, v-l-j
militia, m-l-sh-
directory, d-r-kt-ry
mature, m-t-r
victory, v-kt-ry
lovely, 1-vly
maritime, m-r-t-m
necktie, n-kti
ravish, r-v-sh
repair, r-p-r
mahogany, m-h-g-ny
monetary, m-n-t-ry
coupe, k-pa
pedagogue, p-d-g-g
pomatum, p-m-t-m
bona fide, b-n-f-d-
Paulina, P-l-n-
nebula, n-b-l-
revoke, r-v-k
zenith, z-n-th
cupola, qup-la
minimum, m-n-m-m
picnic, p-kn-k
fidelity, f-d-l-ty
magic, m-j-k
memory, m-m-ry
peevish, p-v-sh
rupee, r-pe
ratify, r-t-fy
quarry, qn-ry
kodak, k-d-k
Lackawanna, L-k-w-n-
colic, k-l-k
bigamy, b-g-my
cabbage, k-b-j
defame, d-f-tn
female, f-m-l
Gothic, G-th-k
humanity, h-m-n-ty
jubilee, j-b-le
knavery, n-v-ry
logic, l-j-k
majority, m-j-r-ty
nobility, n-b-l-ty
pathetic, p-th-t-k
qualify, qu-l-fy
repay, r-pa
savory, s-v-ry
topic, t-p-k
vivify, v-v-fy
beguile, b-g-l
beverage, b-v-r-j
lumpy, l-mpy
cajole, k-j-l
calico, k-l-k o
canopy, k-n-py
Catholic, K-th-l-k
chamois, sh-my
chemic, k-m-k
comma, k-ma
Quebec, Qu-b-k
faulty, f-lty
demolish, d-m-l-sh
depot, d-po
fumatory, f-m-t-ry
heavily, h-v-ly ■
20
ALPHABETIC DRILL PRACTICE.
1. Read par. 7, page 21, and note its application in the writing of the
words payee, boa, dewy, Leo-, Noah and Joab.
2. Write the alphabetic strokes lengthened, in Second Position, to
show that two (concurrent) vowel sounds follow the sound of the stroke.
3. Pronounce the concurrent vowels ac, ie, oe, tic. Therefore, name
the lengthened P stroke, payee, pice, poee, pewey. Likewise, name the
lengthened B stroke, bayec, byce, boee, bezvey; the T stroke, tayce, tyee.
toec, teivey, etc.
4. Write the strokes of the entire alphabet lengthened, in Second
Position, as the teacher or dictator pronounces them, associated with the
concurrent vowel sounds, as above given.
5. It is advisable to alternate the strokes with the regular alphabetic
lengths, thus: pay, pea, pie, poe, pew; payee, pyee, poee, pewee; bay, bee,
by, boe, bcu; bayee, byce, boee, beucy, etc.
6. Read par. 3, page 21, then write the following initial syllables:
Ap, ep, ip, op, up (P stroke in Third Position) ; ab, eb, ib, ob, ub ;
at, et, it, ot, ut; ad, ed, id, od, ud ; atch, etch, itch, otch, utch; aj, edge,
ij, oj, uj ; ack, eck, ick, ock, uck; ag, eg, ig, og, ug; af, ef, if, of, uf : av,
ev, iv, ov, uv; ath, eth, ith, oth, uth; athe, ethe, ithe, othe, tithe: al, el, il,
ol, til; am, em, im, om, urn; amp, emp, imp, omp, timp; an, en, in. on,
un; ang, eng, ing, ong, ting; ash, esh, ish, osh, ush (down stroke) ; ar,
er, ir, or, tir, (curved R stroke).
7. Read par. 4, page 21, then write the following syllables:
Apy, epy, ipy, opy, upy; aby, eby, iby, oby, uby; aty, ety, itv, oty,
uty.
Continue with the other consonant strokes in like manner.
8. Write each of the alphabetic strokes in Third Position, and
alternate their lengths ; thus :
Ap, ep, ip, op, up (P stroke, written five times, normal length, in
Third Position) ; apy, epy, ipy, opy, upy (P stroke lengthened, written
in Third Position, five times).
Continue in like manner with each of the other strokes.
9. Scientific Shorthand is a syllabic system. The alphabetic drills
give the syllabic representatives. Writing words in Scientific Shorthand
is simply a matter of joining the syllabic representatives.
m
INITIAL SHORT VOWEL SOUNDS LOCATED BY POSITION
1. Third Position: Where a perpendicular or inclined stroke is
written across the ruled line, or a horizontal stroke is written just under
the ruled line, such stroke, or the entire word of which it is a part, is in
Third Position.
2. The initial stroke determines the position of any shorthand out-
line, and also locates the first vowel sound in any word.
3. A stroke is written in Third Position to show that a short vowel
sound immediately precedes it.
v if _) us
\- up
/ etch
\.. ebb
_/ edge
-1 — at
Eck
^_^ am j^ are
s~ ill -^ — away
4. A Third Position stroke is lengthened to "show that a second
vowel sound follows the stroke.
^_ abbey ^ Ella V^ Ef fie ^==^ 7 Z - Emery
- edd y ^_^Anna _y ashy "— ^ agony
5. The greater portion of a Third Position stroke may be written
below the ruled line to show that a long vowel sound follows the stroke.
-} , adieu ,<\^ alive . i , avouch A assume
6. The greater portion of a Third Position stroke may be written
above the ruled line to show that a short vowel sound follows the sound
of the stroke.
elegy
\ /O abolish —J— attach /] . allege /^/
7. Any Second Position stroke may be lengthened to show that two
successive vowel sounds follow the sound of the stroke.
\__ pay _X_ boa ^— Lee -^- Noah
payee
do ZL Leo — 4- i° b
\ boy _ 1 dewy -**-*- no 4^~ J oab
EXACT VOWEL EXPRESSION
1. Initial short vowel sounds are expressed exactly by writing the
vowel character before the initial stroke (the left side of perpendicular
and inclined strokes, and the upper side of horizontal strokes).
n v
-/-
up
at
odd
etch
'/ edge
A
ezz
on
A
-V
off
ill
J ashy
, Emma
ahoy
ahem
awhile
Eddie
2. In words of two or more syllables, a final long vowel or diphthong
sound is expressed, generally.
review
rupee
T
Buffalo
Matthew
=s decay
bamboo
purity
tomato
EXACT EXPRESSION OF MEDIAL AND FINAL VOWELS
^z payee
-1_ Noah
t
-r-
Leo
duel
adieu
avouch
J,_ revoke
i
/ y roguish
\A Duluth t- famish
L
tonic
/\ retire
boil \^y fuchsia
¥
Y
fowl
^r
rubv
VOWEL LOCATION AFFORDS ALL NECESSARY LEGIBILITY
Remarks : Because of the legibility secured from exact expression of
consonant and initial long vowel sounds, and exact vowel location, it is
seldom necessary or even advisable to give exact expression to medial
vowels, either long, short, or diphthongal ; nor to initial or final short
vowel sounds. Nor does the advanced stenographer but seldom find it
necessary to give exact expression to final long vowel sounds. Complete
initial long vowel and consonant expression, and exact vowel location, af-
fords all needed legibility in practically all classes of words. However,
the student should practice vowel writing, until all needed exactitude and
speed is secured.
Exact vowel expression seriously retards speed in writing, and must
be dispensed with largely, if not entirely, in rapid verbatim reporting.
23
WRITING EXERCISE
Second Position
bayou, b—
bovvery, b—ry
burial, b-r--l
buyer, b— r
chaotic, k— t-k
cereal, s-r--l
denial, d-n— 1
diadem, d--d-m
dial, d-1
dialogue, d~l-g
diary, d— ry
dairy, d-ry
duality, d— 1-ty
fiery, £— ry
foliage, f-1— j
folio, f-l~
fuel, f-1
gayety,g-ty
jewel, j— 1
fosiah, J-s—
laity, 1 — ty
lineage, 1-n— j
loyally, 1 — ly
magnolia, m-gn-1--
malaria, m-l-r—
maniac, m-n— k
medially, m-d— ly
meteoric, m-t— r-k
newel, n— 1
notarial, n-t-r~l
notoriety, n-t-r— ty
pneumonia, n-m-n-
piano, p~no
piety, p~ty
radium, r-d— m
really, r— ly
reappear, r~p-r
re-issue, r— shu
royal, r— 1
shadowy, sh-d--
shower, sh— r
tactual, t-kt~l
towage, t— j
towel, t— I
vacuity, v-qu~ty
variety, v-r— ty
viola, v— la
voyage, v— j
vowel, v— 1
poem, p— m
zodiac, z-d--k
WRITING EXERCISE
Third Position
aback, -b-k
abash, -b-sh
ability, -b-l-ty
ebony, -b-ny
oblong, -bl-ng
obloquy, -bl-quy
academy, -k-d-my
acme, -km-
acquire, -qu-r
occupy, -qupi
Adam, -d-m
admonish, -dm-n-sh
adore, -d-r
idiom, -d~m
affinity, -f-n-tv
afield,' -f-ld
effigy, -f-jy
Alabama, -!-b-ma
alack, -1-k
albino, -lb-no
alchemy, -lk-my
alibi, -\-h\
allay, -la
Alleghany, -1-g-ny
aloof, -1-f
alpaca, -lp-ka
alpha, -lfa
appear, -p-r
elbow, -lbo
olfactory, -lf-kt-ry
ultimatum, -lt-m-t-m
among, -m-ng
anatomy, -n-t-my
anew, -nu
enemy, -n-my
epic, -p-k
epidemic, -p-d-m-k
epilogue, -p-l-g
opera, -p-ra
uphold, -ph-ld
equipage, -qu-p-j
equity, -qu-ty
armada, -rm-da
armory, -rm-ry
army, -rmy
aroma, -r-ma
arrow, -ro
early, -rly
ashore, -sh-r
aspire, -sp-r
assignee, -s-ne
assault, -s-lt
assay, -sa
assume, -s-m
asthma, -sma
asylum, -s-l-m
esoteric, -s-t-r-k
espy, -spy
Esquimau, -sk-mo
esquire, -squ-r
esteem, -st-m
Isabella, -s-b-la
ossify, -s-fy
athletic, -thl-t-k
atom, -t-m
atomic, -t-m-k
attire, -t-r
Italy, -t-ly
awake, -w-k
24
NON-ALPHABETIC WORD CHARACTERS
1. A few of the most common words are represented by arbitrary,
non-alphabetic characters. These word characters must be memorized
in the most thorough manner. They must be practiced upon until they
can be formed with the utmost precision or exactitude with reference
to their length, their slant, and their position. They should be formed
not more than onc-jourth the length of the alphabetic stroke characters
for P, or K.
to a-an, but '—— a » an > and
\
of
1
of
the
- —
of
a-an
V
to
_*, too, two — a ^
_j_ the, he, should _i_ before
to the J*— before the
2. The word the is the most frequently used word in language. It
is expressed by a word character — a short Ray, or short Cha stroke.
It is joined, generally, to the stroke that precedes it.
\ pay the j go the v may the
_Ny_ by the ^ why the _., know the
I do the y if the I say the
\ up the ( though the J show the
_i , add the f~" lay the -n are the
3. The words a, an, and, may be represented by either a quarter-
length T or K stroke, where the brief stroke is joined initially or finally.
\_ pay a, an -=*- S° a > an » and -\ are a. an
/ Y
V by a, an why a, an J show a, an
L do a, an -X - if a, an /"V^ leave a
_i add a, an V, - view a, an 1 take r
a. an
THE ONE THOUSAND MOST FREQUENTLY USED WORDS
1. In several installments, we give a list of what is claimed to be the
One Thousand Most Frequently Used Words.
2. We most earnestly advise that these one thousand words be writ-
ten and rewritten until speed and accuracy is attained.
First Installment.
add
belong
duty
judge
money
share
affair
beg
early
July
move
she
ago
both
escape
keep
name
ship
alike
body
fail
lady
know
show
allege
buy
fair
lake
now
sorry
allow
came
family
lay
occupy
take
already
carry
few
leave
off
teach
although
cash
field
ledge
or
they
am
catch
fifth
life
page
though
among
check
file
like
pair
time
appeal
copy
five
live
pay
tire
appear
dash
feel
look
power
to-day
are
deal
follow
love
push
to-morrow
assume
day
game
mail
reach
took
athletic
death
gave
make
ready
up
avenue
deep
hold
many
really
us
baby
delay
hope
marriage
i repair
who
back
door
if
may
require
wholly
became
duly
it
me
say
why
CONTRACTIONS.
3. Pages 27 and 35 present lists of words represented by a partial
writing thereof; thus: abou (-b-) for about; aqui (-qu-) for acquire;
apoi (-p-) for appoint; ob (-b) for object; ich (-ch) for zvhich; sha
(sh-) for shall; espe (-sp-) for cspecial-ly, etc.
4. It is of the utmost importance that all contractions given in this
work be analyzed (a) as to their phonic representation; (b) that they
be written correctly as to length and position; (c) that great rapidity be
attained in writing and reading them, and (d) that they be used in all
reporting. Although they may be dispensed with entirely, yet wisdom
and experience dictate that they be employed rather than the completely
written outline, thereby insuring a much greater speed in writing than
could be attained without their use.
5. Ly and ed, in words of two or more syllables may be omitted,
generally. Thus, the outlines for especial, regular, irregular, represent
also especially, regularly, irregularly; and the outlines for question, ac-
quire, number, publish, astonish, manufacture, represent, acknowledge \
etc., express also the past tense form of tho c e verbs.
26
THE VOWEL STROKES
1. An initial long vowel or diphthong sound must be exactly ex-
pressed.
2. The vowel strokes are distinguished from the similar consonant
strokes entirely by Position. The vowel strokes are used initially only,
and always in First Position. They are as follows :
V_
.A
E
I
)
y
o
u
Oo
(
Oi, oy as in oil
Ou ow, as in out
Au. aw, as in audit
ILLUSTRATIONS
^-/ Omaha
odium
owly
^O
aureola
W
{ opaque
22^L Oolong
27
THE VOWEL STROKES CONTINUED
1. The vowel strokes are shaded to add R.
S air °' er . our S heirship
ear
J your /__ hourly v/" heirloom
w ire ^_ oyer ^ Irish ^ air pump
2. The strokes E, I, U, Au and Ou, are formed half length to add
T or D.
3. The strokes E, I and U, are- modified by a small initial hook to
add N. Any vowel stroke, modified by an initial hook, expresses the
short vowel sound .
m anv ! — unto end
4. The En stroke, shortened and shaded, expresses exactly the pre-
fixes enter, pnder; the In stroke, shortened and shaded, expresses inter,
indor; and the Un stroke, shortened and shaded, expresses the prefix
under .
^ ^ J
.enter inter under V — interview
— under v^_ in!
5. The I stroke, modified by a large initial hook, expresses I am; and
formed as a semi-ellipse, opening upward, expresses / will. (See page
28, column 1.)
CONTRACTIONS
1. A few of the most frequently used words are represented by a
partial writing thereof.
2. The words given below, separated by the comma, are expressed
by a common outline, and they are differentiated by the context
-about _j had J shall )
was
_>y_ acquire-d _jl_ have — L — that, them /_ which, much
-^—appoint ^-v may be . I , thing, think who, whom
•^=- can, company_\_publish-ed . / their, there ^ will
/ \ public
- / - change-d _Zl_ question-ed— ^_ to be / without
28
SENTENCE WRITING.
C
±3_
J2.
i2L
3
J_
am
:i
am to be
am to do J^_
am to have L
will say
will know
will have
do
had
may
may be
may do
may have
may show
may go
may say
can
can be
can do
can have
can take
think
know
take
make
^1
n
He may
He may be
_ He may go
_ He may do
_ He may take
_ He may have
_ He can
_ He can be
__ He can do
He can have
/ — She may
She may be
She may go
She may do
She may have
She shall
J It may
l It may be
It may do
It may go
It may have
PHRASE AND SENTENCE WRITING.
29
U.
__ Who may
Who may be
_Who may do
_Who may have
/\ Which may
/ • Which may be
/ Which may do
1 Which may have
/ Which may go
; Who can
_Who can do
Who can be
— v Who can have
IS Who shall
^\ Who shall be
^j Who shall do
^V Who shall have
^C— ^ There may
/^^ There may be
y There can be
/ l There had
_^rl_ Am I
^~C~^ May I
y^ Shall I
^-^ Will I
" Can I
1 w Do I
^^ If I
i^^ Have I
^=^z_ May he
1 — Can he
_^^_Will he
^A Shall he
^-^ y May she
/ Can she
^J Will she
J . Shall she
- — - 1 May it
1 C*" it
7 n_Will it
^\ Shall it
I I Do it
-V By the
1 Have the
J_ Shall the
_L_ Had the
^ Will the
I Do the
/ Which the
/
Who the
Why the
Publish the
/ Change the
_C_ Think the
( Without the
_C_ That the
) Saw the
jL_Was the
-s Are the
""Y Question the
~x Acquire the
Appoint the
About the
30
ALPHABETIC PRACTICE DRILL
1. Read par. 1, page 31, then write:
Spay, spee, spy, spoe, spew, spoy, spow, spaw, spoo; spray, spree, spry,
spro, sprew, sproy, sprow, spraw, sproo; stay, stee, sty, stovve, stew, stoy,
stow, staw, stoo ; stray, stree, stry, strow, strew, stroy, strow, straw, stroo ;
skay, skee, sky, sko, skew, skoy, skow, skaw, skoo; skray, skree, skry,
skro, skrew, skroy, skrow, skraw, skroo; slay, slee, sly, slow, slew, sloy,
slow, slaw, sloo; smee, smy, smo, smew, smoy, smow, smaw, smoo ; snay,
snee, sny, snow, snew, snoy, snow, snaw, snoo; sway, swee, swy, swo,
sweu, swoy, swow, swaw, swoo; squa, sque, squi, squo, sqaw.
2. Read par. 3, page 31, then write:
Sap, sep, sip, sop, sup ; sab, seb, sib, sob, sub ; sat, set, sit, sot, sut ;
sad, sed, sid, sod, sud; sach, sech, sich, soch, such; saj, sej, sij, soj, suj ;
sack, seek, sick, sock, suck ; sag, seg, sig, sog, sug ; sar, ser, sir, sor, sur
(curved R only); saf, sef, sif, sof, suf; sav, sev, siv, sov, suv; sath,
seth, sith, soth, suth; sal, sel, sil, sol, sul; sam, sem, sim, som, sum;
samp, semp, simp, somp, sump ; san, sen, sin, son, sun ; sang, seng, sing,
song, sung; sash, sesh, sish, sosh, sush (down Sh only).
CONSONANT STROKES IN ALL POSITIONS
3. The alphabetic strokes given above are to be written as word
outlines for all the words for which they form the consonant outline.
Thus, P stroke, Second Position, is to be pronounced pay, pea, pie, poc,
pew, poy, pow, paw, pa, pe, pi, po, pu, poo; lengthened P stroke, payee,
pyee, poee, pezvee; P stroke, First Position, spay, spee, spy, spoe, spew,
spoy, spow, spa, spe, spi, spo, spu; P stroke, Third Position, ap, ep,
ip, op, ap: lengthened P stroke Third Position apy, epy, ipy, opy, upy:
P stroke, Fourth Position, sap, sep, sip, sop, sup.
This practice is the shortest, quickest, and surest road to a success-
ful mastery of the system, with its grand scheme of vowel location.
31
INITIAL S AND S- EXPRESSED BY POSITIONS
1. Any consonant stroke may be written in First Position to ex-
press the sound of S immediately before the sound of the consonant
stroke thus written. Such strokes are shaded to add the sound of R.
Spr-, Str-, Scr-, take the forms of B, D and G strokes respectively.
Words do not begin with Sb, Sd, or Sg; therefore, the B stroke in First
Position may be used to express Spr-; the D stroke to express Str-;
and the G stroke to express Scr-.
2. Strokes M and N, written in First Position to express Sm- and
Sn- respectively, must be lengthened so as to differentiate them from
the vowels E and I.
\
\
spy
spry
stay
stray
sky
^ stony
i — - steam
I— ^ stream
' — strike
sweep
V , squab
squire
V
screw
' slav
story
skim
scream
if squally
«f ' swallow
V swear
S\ slip
■>
sway
\ scrape ^> slab
V isle
3. Any consonant stroke may be written in Fourth Position; that is,
just under the base line — horizontal strokes about one-eighth inch below
the ruled line — to express the sound of sa, se, si, so, su (the vowels hav-
ing the short sound), immediately before the sound of the stroke thus
written.
4. The horizontal strokes — M, N, K, G — may be lengthened in
Fourth Position to imply a vowel sound following, as in the words sanity,
sanitary, sagacious, sagacity, saccharine, similar, senate, etc.
\
sap
/
seag
\
sob
'
.sick
1 —
sit
sag
sad
sin
32
MEDIAL AND FINAL S OR Z EXPRESSED BY A CIRCLE
1. A small medial or final circle, termed S circle, expresses the
sound of S or Z not followed by a vowel sound. Final S circle is formed
on the right hand side of P, B, T, D, Ch, J, H and Wh r on the upper
side of K, G, Ray and Ou (anti-clockwise), and on the concave side of
all curved strokes.
\,
pose
_^_
-. face
%,
spys
T
eels
\,
base
V*
vase
\>
sprays
^t
snails
I
ties
C
those
L
stays
Y
aisles
I
does
f
laws
I
strews
±-
ails
I
choose
^~h
mice
— °
skys
r\,
sleeps
/
jaws
--P
news
—*
screws
x,
saps
_*
case
~^
ways
r
slays
L
sets
e_
_ goes
_^__
_ quizz
"^
sways
sells
I
rise
hews
J
J
shows
yeas
1
V
squeeze
stories
sieves
sacks
2. Final S circle is continued across the stroke to add T or D not
followed by a vowel sound. T stroke must be used when a vowel sound
follows it. St, final, implies a vowel sound preceding. Therefore,
strokes followed by -st need not be lengthened to show a vowel follow-
ing, but they may be lengthened to show whether the vowel following
has the long or short sound, or to indicate that the accented vowel follows
the lengthened stroke.
^
*T
past
pasty
_ \*__ best
V bestow
_ ta.'te
testv
1
dust
dusty
gust
gusty
rust
rustv
ZL
n
7^
lust
lusty
must
musty
dullest
duelist
V
I"
"ST
_ ebbest
_ oddest
_ adduced
_ aghast
_ saddest
_ sobbest
33
MEDIAL AND FINAL S OR Z EXPRESSED BY A CIRCLE
1. Medial S circle, between a curved stroke and a straight one, is
written on the concave side of the curved stroke.
Fisk's
masks
/""X, Hsps
wasps
^7
jmysterfes
^mysterious
2. Medial S circle between straight strokes, drawn in different di-
rections, is written outside the smaller angle; and between straight
strokes, drawn in the same direction, it is formed according to the di-
rections for final S circle .
J — o tasks
— * gasps
hasty
1 dusty
I
3. Words of two or more syllables beginning with S followed by a
short vowel sound, are written in Third Position, and the initial S is
expressed by the S circle .
'\ sappy
Jf city
.^l salify
.satire
^
WRITING EXERCISE
B-ro, d-ly, s-da, m-ny, n-dy, f-ly, f-lo, p-ty, p— ty, j-b, J— b, y-lo, r-th,
r-the, Sh-k-go, Ch-t-n-g-, W-n-p-g, G-th-m, d-l-m-, p-n-k, d-m-j, t-m-to,
v-l-fy, v-r-ly, n-t-r— ty, h-m-ny, r-v-k, s-sh-ly, b-g-my, f-th-m, S-b-r— ,
ch-r-ty, v-kt-ry, V-kt-r— , m-m-th, r-f-ree, P-n-ma, B-l-v--, t-m-thy, 1-t-ry,
r-b-rv, B-v-r— , b-t-ny, r-chly, p-l-g-my, v-n-la, L-b-r— , Qu-b-k, t-p-k,
n-th-ng, t-l-p, Om-ga, M— b, p-r-ty, v-qu— m, K-n-b-k, v-l-d-ty, b-l-d-na,
i J -l-sh, sh-pr-k, -p-ra, t-m-d-ty, d-thl-k, 1-v-t-ry, 1-d-l-k, h-m-d-ty,
m-r— t-k, -t-k, t-k.
34
USES OF THE C CIRCLE
1. The S-Z circle is enlarged to show that a vowel sound follows
the sound of S or Z. This larger circle is termed the C circle. Medial and
final C circle conforms to all the rules that apply to the S circle, as to
direction in its formation .
^o posy
No busy
Ng> busiest
.hazy
H lazy
/ rosiest
Ac — fussy
^~o — mussy
-wP noisy
cheesy
-juciest
-wheezy
2. A vowel sound does not follow the sound of any stroke to which
C circle is joined initially or medially; but, any stroke following medial
C circle may be lengthened to show that a vowel sound follows it.
^
^t
beset
bestow
opposite
T
I dusty
h deceit
y\ reside
y\ residue
A receipt
A rusty
^-v__ mask
music
\o y poison
\q_, fasten
^„ listen
nuisance
3. Initial C circle joined to a consonant stroke written in Second
Position, shows a long vowel or diphthong sound immediately after the
sound of S." A vowel sound is not indicated, however, after the stroke ;
but, a second vowel sound may be shown by using the S stroke initially.
^ soap
) soapy
rt— ^ seem
)-^ seamy
^L
J/
seed
. seedy
sore
sorry
V safe
) sofa
_dd_sail
V silo
0^ seen
L^ Sinai
L
suit
sooty
35
THE SES CIRCLE
1. The C circle is enlarged to express the syllables ses, sis, sus, ces,
zes, etc. This largest circle is termed the Ses circle. It is seldom em-
ployed initially or medially. It is continued across the stroke to add final
T or D. The C and Ses circles may be dotted to show the sound of N
preceding .
\q possess
\q_ possesses
abscess
. abuses
J^ doses
V
offices
\Q.
vases
/O molasses
Q recesses
necessity
necessary
possessive
Njq possessed
obsessed
f
^
-^je-
CP resist
^ desist
<^P insist
\~ fancy
Ko fences
V offences
"7^ winces
7^ quinces
/O lances
J[ rancid
2. The C and Ses circles may be shaded to add R
no, sir
-c;z^-
answer
^_P
sincere
J£_
necessary
3. The R and Ray strokes should be used where a facile outline is
formed .
J_Z\. lesser
V
baser
A
denser
.act
^__ r _along, long
language
| almighty
1 altogether
another
/ advantage
CONTRACTIONS
between ^ her
-1— defendant ^ ^ — hirm number
<=^- engage-d ^ — - irregular-ly
^L
.cancer
-object
-party
_quit, quite
\
especial
establish
fact
God, good
/
gentleman,
large
manufacture-d
acknowledge -
\ astonish-ed . \ happy
T
/\ represent
/ regular
. memoranda-um I together
. month A when
wish-ed
nothing
^
36
ILLUSTRATIONS OF PRECEDING PRINCIPLES
^
TV
Acquiesce, -</- -J
Solvency, s-'v-usy
Gazetteer, g-s-t-r
Series, s-r-s
Serious, s-r- -s
Accuracy, -qu-r-sy
Eulogy, ul-gy
Felicity, f-l-s-ty
Stabilize, st-b-l-z
Vicinity, v-s-n-ty
Security, s-qu-r-ty
Eraser, er-s-r
Suppose, s-p-s
Dishonest, d-s-n-st
Buxom, b-ks-m
Rescue, r-squ-
Noxious, n-ksh-s
Renewals, r-n- -Is
Duodecimo, d- -d-s-mo
X?
^
Subrosa, s-br-s-
_ Usury, usy-ry
Egotism, eg-t-sm
\j Audacious, aud-sh-s
__^ Capsize, k-psis
ka a .Fisk's, f-sks
^3 — .Physic, f-s-k
jL Safety, s-fty
s-iC7 Mucilage, m-s-l-j
-L — ! Citizen, s-t-s-n
Spurious, sp-r- -s
Systematic, s-st-m-t-k
-.Sagacious, s-g-sh-s
^ A —Civics, s-v-ks
v. (J — -^.Facsimile, f-ks-m-l-
. Alias, al- -s
Elasticity, el-st-s-ty
Facility, f-s-l-ty
\^Cr Necessary, n-ses-ry
i^3
Note : Final "shus" may be expressed by sh-s written either up-
ward or downward, because a vowel sound must intervene. (See nox-
ious, audacious).
WRITING EXERCISE
37
acquiesce, -qu- -s
deceit, d-s-t
reason, r-s-n
solvency, s-h-nsy
disbelief, d-sb-l-f
facile, f-s-l
opposite, -p-s-t
squeaks, sq-ks
copyist, k-p- -st
paradise, p-r-d-s
gazetteer, g-s-t-r
serious, s-r- -s
despairs, d-sp-rs
amass, -m-s
accuracy, -qu-r-sy
harass, h-r-s
desperado, d-sp-r-do
pacify, p-s-fy
squeal, squ-l
eulogy, ul-jy
politics, p-l-t-ks
felicity, f-I-s-ty
receive, r-s-v
fasten, f-s-n
stabilize, st-b-l-s
vicinity, v-s-n-ty
modesty, m-d-sty
cashier, k-sh-r
delicacy, d-l-k-sy
eraser, er-s-r
abusive, -b-s-v
salary, s-l-ry
folio, f-l-o
dishonest, d-s-n-st
mischievous, m-sch-v-s
facsimile, f-ks-m-l-
rescue, r-squ-
dismiss, d-sm-s
novice, n-v-s
monopolist, m-n-p-l-st
syntax, s-nt-ks
message, tn-s-j
mucilage, m-s-l-j
noxious, n-ksh-s
receipt, r-s-t
deceive, d-s-v
bituminous, b-t-m-n-s
facade, f-s-d
renewals, r-n- -Is
hideous, h-d- -s
series, s-r-s
audacity, aud-s-ty
nullify, n-l-fy
capsize, k-psis
fierce, f-rs
ratio, r-sh-o
obvious, -bv- -s
maximum, m-ks-m-m
garrison, g-r-s-n
efface, -f-s
bias, b- -s
avaricious, -v-r-sh-s
historic, h-st-r-k
revenues, r-v-n-s
hypnotism, h-pn-t-sm
cautious, k-sh-s
scheme, sk-m
justice, j-st-s
gallows, g-l-s
resolve, r-s-lv
testimony, t-st-m-ny
omnibus, -mn-b-s
focus, f-k-s
edifice, -d-f-s
average, -v-r-j
basin, b-s-n
dispatch, d-sp-ch
rhetorics, r-t-r-ks
besiege, b-s-j
batiste, b-t-st
majesty, m-j-sty
isthmus, -srn-s
mohair, m-h-r
snowball, sn-b-l
scrutiny, skr-i-ny
sagacity, s-g-s-ty
elicit, cl-s-t
sanitary, s-n-t-ry
espousal, -sp-s-l
radius, r-d- -s
asbestos, -sb-st-s
fallacy, f-l-sy
custody, k-st-dy
depose, d-p-s
digest, d-j-st
whistle, wh-s-l
terrace, t-r-s
caboose, k-b-s
peevish, p-v-sh
barrier, b-r- -r
icy, isy
faucet, f-s-t
chaos, k- -s
raisins, r-s-ns
kerosene, k-r-s-n
tactics, t-kt-ks
tabasco, t-b-sko
policy, p-l-sy
accuse, -qn-s
domicile, d-m-s-l
disobey, d-s-b-
legacy, l-g-sy
ellipse, -l-ps
disguise, d-sg-s
humorous, h-m-r-s
velocity, v-l-s-ty
dozen, d-s-n
palaces, p-l-s-s
refusal, r- f-s-l
telescope, t-l-sk-p
vivacious, v-v-sh-s
bequeathes, b-qu-ths
kinetoscope, k-n-t-sk-p
Chesapeake, Ch-s-p-k
security, s-qu-r-ty
tacit, t-s-t
thistle, th-s-l
asterisk, -st-r-sk
sterilize, st-r-l-s
448624
38
THE USES OF STROKE W, AND OF BRIEF W
1. The W stroke is used initially in words of two or more syllables,
where the second syllable is expressed by a stroke.
^V\ wallop
~\y wiry
^
waggy
widow
2. The W stroke, used medially and finally, is dotted to distinguish
it from the curved R stroke.
\. byway
f \ leeway
pathway
^highway
bailiwick
runaway
AZ_t— - periwig
/\ caraway
3. The consonant W is expressed also by either of two small semi-
circles, opening to the right or to the left. These brief W characters
must be joined to the first consonant stroke in the word. The brief W
opening to the right joins best on all strokes except the horizontal ones —
K, G, M, Mp, Nand Ng.
^
^V
.weep
web
1
webs
J wait
.witty
wade
I
.wages
wakes
A^
-J-
waves
wish
T
Wit
Jj weds
J witches
J_ wage
4. A study of above illustrations shows that brief W is used as
follows :
(a) In words of one syllable, which contain a consonant stroke.
(b) In words of two or more syllables where the second syllable
is not expressed by a stroke, or need not be so expressed, as in wages,
witches, waggest, because a vowel sound is forced in before the sound
of final S or St.
5. Words using the brief W are written in Second Position to
show that a long vowel sound immediately follows the sound of brief
W; and they are written in Third Position to show that a short vowel
sound immediately follows the sound of brief W. Thus, the words
wait, weep, wide, wages require brief W and Second Position ; the
words web, weds, wag, wit, require brief W and Third Position, and the
words webby, witty, willow, wiry, require the use of stroke W.
39
USES OF BRIEF W AND Y
1. The brief W is formed as an initial hook on strokes L and Ray,
and the hook shaded expresses Wh- .
£L
^-
wail
.well
<f~ while
^1
wire
c/^ — where g-^i — whereto
f// ^\- whereby t/\ — whereat
2. The brief Y is either of two small semi-circles opening upward
or downward. They must be joined angularly to the consonant stroke
that follows. The brief Y that opens upward joins best on all the strokes
except Ray, Lay, M and Mp.
3. All the rules above given for the uses of stroke W initial, apply
to the uses of stroke Y ; and all the rules for the uses of brief W apply
to the uses of brief Y.
^V
yacht
.yap
yoke
.yeg
young
yam
rS yore
WRITING EXERCISE
4. The italicized words below are represented by contractions given
on pages 27 and 35 : „
I am the party he saw there at that time. They have too many of
them already. I shall appoint him judge. I hope she will be happy in her
new home. The defendant may ask the gentleman a question. God Al-
mighty hath power. I was astonished at the gentleman, especially when
he quit the store quite haughtily. The public will object to all they say
about it. Nothing will be published before the end of the month. It
may be he whom I saw at the show. It will take a long time to acquire
much of their territory. A large number of them have to be changed.
They, who think and act together, have the advantage. She can go along
without him. It was manufactured by another company. They num-
bered altogether about fifty. I wish I had a memorandum book. I am
engaged now, but I shall be there at the regular time. I acknowledge the
fact that it may be a good thing to have the company represented there.
An irregular object lay in the path between them. Why should their
language be so odd? Which will they have?
40
NON-ALPHABETIC WORD CHARACTERS
we, with
were, whether
one, once
what
,ould
to what
you
ye, yet
you, young. u I will
year-s
to vou
1. A brief W word may be enlarged to add any other brief W word.
The brief Y, opening downward, is enlarged to express you were; and
opening upward to express you would.
2. The words with and were may be enlarged, and inclined in the
direction of Ray, to add the word you; and the words what and would
may be enlarged and inclined in the direction of Cha to add the word
you.
_5: we were, we would
_C were we, whether we
one would, one were
~C
what were, what would
Z) would we
to what would
^ you were
w you would
. with you
q _ were you
' what you
O would you
^s^
O
SENTENCE WRITING
V"
^v
x C
U r^
_ rt ^^
CL^*
x L /
O
Vr
_A_
\^
u^JL;
c o
'j^L
~1 '
1. We have seen them. We are to be there with you. I know we
were to go with you. We shall take what we must have. I will give
it to you.
2. One would think so. Were we to do so today ? We would like to
know all about this. You were there, were you? You and I must go
there soon.
3. You would do that, would you ? You would have about all you
desire. Were you at the party last week ? I was there, and so were you
also.
41
ADDING -R BY HALF-LENGTHENING STROKES
1. All the strokes of the alphabet except M, Mp, N and Ng, may be
formed half-length to add R and a preceding short vowel sound.
^V_ barley *— 3 letter L Thursday
v offer
_W farther Li dollar suffer
CONTRACTIONS
2. A half-length M stroke expresses might; a half-length N stroke
expresses not, and a half-length K stroke expresses could.
-V- after ^ ever, every _r particular — 1 toward, truly
___ care, could _^ for, form , \ . re-member -A» very
) certain <sa might .. ^ numbered -V— Very truly
consider _^^_ not . several J yours
I Dear Sir « opportunity _i_ they are cJ Yours truly
MISCELLANEOUS PRINCIPLES
3. Un before W may be expressed by N stroke in Third Position .
^/unaware unwifely ^_ f\ unwieldy . unwavering
unworthy unweave S~~^~ / unwilling ./^unwell
4. Ing, final, may be expressed by a dot written at the end of the
stroke preceding, and ings by a circle so written.
| doing /\^ loving J showing /\ reaping
doings ) sayings y\ ravings • ,
offerings
5. After circles, hooks and loops, the syllables -nt, cnt, may be ex-
pressed by a half-length N stroke; and -nd, end by half length N stroke
shaded .
/ recent \^, decent V^, fastened _{^_ thousand
X**^ rescind \^ descend ^ lessened ^J~_ hastened
42
SENTENCE WRITING
* * V I must be
*\ I must do
• a — I must go
I must say
I mi slit
\
She must be
She must do
She must go
^s
I might be
"T
He could do
He can see
y L She might be
J . „ She may be
J- She might go
/_ She may go
J She might have
/ She may have
/—& She may see
/ She can do
/_" She could do
J She can have
J She could have
/ She should be
_She should do
_She should have
He should be
He should do
He should have
-t
)
^
XT
I would be
I would do
I would go
I would have
I would say
He would be
He would do
He would go
He would have
He would know
J She would be
J She would do
J She would go
J She would know
She would say
4
4r
7 She would have
~t would be
t
^r
1
t
At
He should know
%
t would do
t would go
t would have
t would know
SENTENCE WRITING
43
■~r
~T
We may
We may be
We may do
We may go
We may have
We may see
c We can
c We can be
We can do
We can have
We can see
.We must
We must be
^=\
^r
We must go.
We must do
_We must have
We might
c ,~^ We might be
c — We might go
2_ jC J_We might do
JL- We could
c We could be
. We could do
2.
T
We could have
•i
We shall
not
We shall not
be
We shall
not
do
We shall
not
go
We should be ^7 We shall not
Tv have
We should do _] We do
At
We should hav
We should not
, r e h
We do see
We had
c ^-\ W r e should not _i We had the
be c
c x^. We should not |\ We had to be
have
c ^~i We should not J We had to go
■^ do
_^_ We have
^
We have to do
^ 1 We had to do
S ■ We had to
have
A We might have 7
We have to be f We will
L We have to go S\ We will be
J We shall _Z]_We will do
J We shall be S\ We will have
Z_We shall go f° We will see
) We shall do f) We will say
^ We shall know ^7 We will show
We shall have _/L_We will take
44
c
c
"gr
-e-
-v
QJL
1
CONTRACTIONS
/-xT' Myself
C Thyself
x- Himself
~y Herself
I Ttself
^Themselves
Ac Ourselves
-^ Yourself
__2fL Yourselves
~~1T Oneself
A, able, agent
Agency
Able to be
Able to have
\o Business
=== d_ Because
f City
Ccnsider-ablc
Advertise
Advertiser
I
^
Advantages
v
Disadyantagc
Almost
Also
^Zl_Each, cqual-ly
I Equality
^~* These
^l_High, I
' Higher
^""^ Here, hear
^\^ Hereafter
How
How are, our
^_ Next
J_ Opinion
( ) Over
^ We are, aware
Seldom
(_ On
Suggest-ed
Signature
Singular-ly
T
Note : The preposition over is expressed by the first of the two
forms above given. The second form is used as a prefix, and in many
compound words, as in overcoat, overmatch, overlook, over-ripe, etc.
45
PHRASE AND SENTENCE WRITING
You will
4-
We are
We are to be ^/\ You will be
We are to do r /\ You will do
f// — We are to go y\ You will have
(/ . We are to have ,y° You will see
t/ — . We are to know /^ You will say
^ We are to see ^"9 You will show
^ We are to take y^ You will take ^ Are you
j| Of it
To it
, [f all
v If this
i Have all
s? Will they
<^ Are we
1
4r
JL
We would be
We would do
We would have
We would think
We would show
We would like
What
What does
What have
What is
What is to be
What may be
What shall
1
4-
About that
About this
About which
}
i
At the
At which
Between the
Between those
_ Between them
Jj Between us
jj Towards
For which
For all
"^
After all
>v( When they
~\s- When will
M When do they
~\/7 When will they
J^jx When are
' j, Why does the
/ Why should they
' ,, Why should he
1
+
Does the
Which is the
^y There is the
y Where is the
4 Why is it
Note : Use the Au stroke for on where it is followed by a vertical or
inclined stroke.
46
SENTENCE WRITING
\- ,> ■ '— ^ L )
^D
J_
James and Mary may both go to the field. Thomas and Laura think
it is not so easy a task after all.
Edith, Dorathea and Alice are to go to the show tomorrow. Do
you all say I should do this now, or wait for Lee?
What have they to do with this affair, anyway? Shall I visit you
when I go there with the boys next week?
I think I shall go there after the big box. Joseph says he knows
he can do all that without any money at all.
How many boys are there in the house now ? It is a big advantage
I think to have him on our side today and tomorrow.
That will be a good opportunity for us all, I know. I think I shall
appoint him in a day or two, if he will take it.
What is the object of all this noise and fuss, anyway? I say to you
now that it is an opportunity of a lifetime.
You should not fail to take advantage of it. I should think it is
about time for him to be here. I think that is what he would do
with it if it were his.
He was there between the big houses, when I saw him. Between
this and that, there is not much choice. He is the defendant in
the case, I think.
47
SENTENCE WRITING
" I a /*,— *"^ ^^1
)
U ^- i ^ s /X \ L±± ^^ov^
7—v
u
p I I a i o> ^ l>
X2 o o . u
/ 3 NQ ) X ^7 j^ VQ^
c ^ K t^( n^*- "^ y- ! \
<^
[i ^ C ° _ v"^-^ ° _,)L
Have you seen him here at any time since last week? I shall go
there in a clay or so without you.
In two days I shall go far away to live for the next two months.
Will they all be with you when you go there?
You may question him about it when I go away. Oh, how I do wish
you were here now to do this for me.
I know he will acknowledge his receipt when you show it to him.
If I ever see him, I will ask him.
I think you will receive the money very soon, may be today. I will
decide it for you before many days.
Why do you not go there to see him, as you said you would ? You
would have to go there with me.
I will take the boys with me tomorrow. They may be there already.
You will also do this for him.
- He was almost here when you came last week to see us. Would
you not like to see him?
We were with you all the time that you were here. I know just what
you will do about it. I am to go there with you.
Do you ever see him there? It is very singular if that is not his
signature. I know it is his signature, so do you.
48
PHRASE AND SENTENCE WRITING
A Is to be
is to be
It has to be
Which is to be
.Which has to be
V 1 '
g He is to be
^ He has to be
^A^ She is to be
p7 She has to be
/\ There is to be
A She is to have L
I It is to have \
/ Which is to have b^ By and by
Between us
Both sides
X She is to do
¥
She has to do
3^ Who is to do
\~^ By return mail
^ 9_y For some reason
~T
*<2_J>
.By the way
.Can have the
.Can do the
Can be the
Ever since
v.
-V
For several days . Every dav
Y...,, ........ "1~
And have the
y\ There has to be _i And that is the .
t/\ Where is to be *> And we were the
*T
1
Every time
Good time
i/? Where has
\ What is to be
\
^v
And without the
Are the, or the
p Has had
o_s Has not .
He is to do
A year ago
1
^\ What has to be ^\ As shall be
°N. Who is to be ^ c As to whether _p And has the
o/ Who has to be z He can have the -P And is the
Who is to go
He could have the As the
J — She is to go
t J She has to go
2 — He is to go
He may have the
i
At first
-%
.He might have
> the
^Because this is
P Because the
±, Before the
49
THE ONE THOUSAND MOST FREQUENTLY USED WORDS
Second Installment.
absence
desire
last
request
some
Sunday
any
does
least
said
something
suppose
anyway
dozen
lesson
sale
sometimes
testimony
assist
each
lost
salary
song
those
August
east
miss
same
soon
use
auto
easy
most
says
south
vessel
beside
else
must
seen
small
visit
box
fix
news
serious
speak
wait
busy
goes
pass
sell
stamp
walk
cast
guess
piece
sick
stole
war
cause
guest
police
side
story
watch
citizen
history
raise
sight
study
wear
city
ice
reason
since
success
week
colonies
issue
receipt
size
such
well
decide
just
receive
sold
suggest
wife
The letters given in the following pages have been prepared
specially in order that the student may enter upon letter dictation
thus early in his study and practice of Scientific Shorthand.
It is rather difficult to compose a set of business letters, when
the vocabulary must be limited so as not to bring in words which
more advanced principles would require a change in the manner of
their writing. However, we believe the students will enjoy and
appreciate the work more deeply from now on, because they are
able to take and transcribe real business letters, simple though they
are in both form and substance.
While progressing through the letter writing, we admonish the
students to give to the preceding part of the book a most careful
and searching review. Every principle should be understood so
thoroughly that its application may be applied instantly. The proper
length, slant, shading and direction of strokes must be carried into
this early practice. Neatness and accuracy rather than speed, should
characterize all students' work. Build speed upon the bed-rock of
understanding. Refuse to become a careless, slovenly shorthand
writer. Take real pride in becoming a real expert shorthand pen-
man, for there is a shorthand penmanship just as there is a longhand
penmanship, and the one is just as important as the other.
A critical study of the engraved outlines, not only in the letters,
but in the words illustrating the text, and much practice in the writ-
ing thereof, will insure any industrious, determined and reasonably
intelligent student, neat, accurate and rapid Scientific Shorthand
writing. •
The letters will present a few contracted forms for words and
phrases. They are readily understood, easily applied, and should be
memorized and employed in all future writing.
50
KEY TO OPPOSITE PAGE
May 6th, 1917.
J. B. Lee,
Decatur, 111.
Dear Sir: Our business is now very satisfactory to all of us and we
shall thank you if you will pay the party the money we owe him. We
are willing to take A. B. Ames in the business with us after next Tuesday.
Very truly,
Dubuque, Iowa, July 4, 1917.
L. R. West,
Boise, Idaho.
Dear Sir : We have two sets of nice vases which we desire to sell and
which we will sell cheaply. If you buy them before the last of this
week, we will take 70 cents for; each of them. We hope you will take
advantage of this offer.
Very truly,
Dallas, Texas, July 24, 1917.
A. P. Roe,
New York City.
My dear Sir : We will sell you all the sheep we have in our fields
if you will pay us as much as two thousand dollars cash at the time of
sale. If this suits you we will have everything fixed up by the 15th of
the month.
Very truly,
Dear Sir: We ask you to give us a box of your best tomatoes for
our use at tomorrow's picnic. We shall not be able to pay you for them
for a few days, but you may rest easy about the money for it will be
at your store in the mail next Thursday P. M. If you will do this, you
may ship the tomatoes today.
With our best wishes, we are,
Very truly yours,
Minneapolis, July 10, 1917.
Messrs. Joseph & Co.,
Marietta, Ohio.
Dear Sirs: I beg to acknowledge receipt of your favor of May 9th.
I will make you four copies of the large map of the United States for
two dollars each. If you wish to see one of the maps before you buy
them, I will ship a copy to your office and if it does not suit you, you
may ship it back to us any time this month and you will have nothing
to pay.
Hoping to have as much of your business this season as we received
last year, and wishing you well in all things, I am as ever,
Very truly,
51
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE
*> j 7??7 >
z_x.
t£-4*
,^)Ly
^ . \ \ .
^t
j^^
* I,
, A" ^ 1<JT
^v
~> V^
^/ c ^v /
^1
V
_7i2 ^
( * c <v L/d
^T
*r
^>
^r
■>
~T
v /C~
t" -^l
n <r\ , ^
^ N U— , -a.
_>>
JL-J.
^r^r
'"O
L ^7^ r r
- c ^j^\
-^ /< ?, - 7py .
^L
4r
^■ "X < * " > K
a y ^
^ bw
/—,'-* i . U>
V— +
^L
u
' l \ i i ■ r
^X I \
= ^^ V) ^ - ^/V s- | s X * <^
^7^
6 ^ , l,
J X? 4 ^ /_
^__/^
— ^
52
KEY TO OPPOSITE PAGE
Dear Sir : Do you know that Harry Cady told me that the company he
represented in Duluth a month ago will move to Winnipeg? I was aston-
ished to hear that. May be they are already there; if so, I shall have
to buy all of our fish at the lake shore store.
J hope to receive a letter about this to-day.
Very truly,
Dear Sir: I wish to buy a copy of the new book "Good Language" by
E. I. Oakley, published about a month ago by A. O. Kelly May I ask a
question or two about the book? I have two questions that I think are
especially good. I should like to have the book by to-morrow, or at the
latest by next Thursday. I am
Very truly,
Dear Sir: I know that you can buy the book, the name of which ii
"Good Language."
I am in Omaha now and you know I represent a
large company here which published that book about a month ago, so
I will see that you have the book by to-morrow.
Miss Mary Kennedy,
Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Dear Miss Kennedy: Why have we not received any answer to our
letter of last week in which we questioned you about Joseph O'Neill who
told us that he represented a large company in your city, the name of
which I think he said is the Manitoba Security Gold Company. He said
that he was a citizen of Canada, a member of the Olympia Lodge, and
that he knew you very well. When he was here, his one purpose was
to sell stock for cash, and he took advantage of every opportunity to do
so.
It is necessary that we hear about him as soon as possible.
Yours truly,
Messrs. James O'Reilly & Company,
Chicago, 111.
Dear Sirs : I wish you would secure me a copy of A. E. Smith's Religi-
ous Works. I am to give a lecture on this subject next week and wish
you would not delay in securing the book for me. If you will suggest
anything new on the subject, you will do me a favor.
I hope to receive an answer by return mail.
Yours truly,
53
~x 1 n s y
iR WRITING EXERCISE
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54
KEY TO OPPOSITE PAGE
Minneapolis, Minnesota, May 28, 1917.
J. E. Bigelow,
Sioux City, Iowa.
Dear Sir: Your letter received to-day. We wish to thank you for the
good work you are doing for our company. For some reason business
is not as good as it was a year ago, but every day we are looking for
a change for the better. There are a few disadvantages to the business
that I wish to speak to you about and ask your advice.
Our advertising agent is out of the city almost all the time. We are
aware that his absence is not good for the business. What do you think
of it? In my opinion, it is poor business policy, but I have not said much
about this to them yet.
Each member of the firm is assessed a small sum every time he re-
ceives a visitor in the office. By the way, do you think that is a wise
thing to do? It is singular, but some of the members are seldom on time,
and that is the reason there is so much delay in the work. It would be
a good time for you to offer some advice to the company now. I must
say it is quite necessary that they listen to you, because this is the time
to make a change. Can you suggest something to-day? No one else can
give advice as good as you can.
Yours truly,
Cincinnati, Ohio, February 1, 1917.
O. P. Jackson,
Memphis, Tennessee.
Dear Sir: Last Tuesday I saw the cashier of the Equality Security
Company, and he told me that the business for this year is especially
good. In fact, he said he was astonished at the change for the better
in the work, since August A. Dickey became a member of the firm. In
another month he is going to give me a memorandum together with some
other particulars which I questioned him about long ago. He is engaged
in a large business and I would suggest that you go and see him before
he leaves the city, which might be quite soon.
With best wishes to you, I am
Very truly,
Dear Sir : We have before us your letter of the 4th inst. In answer to it,
we would say we are not able to ship the buggy to you for at least one
week yet, as it must go to the factory for some very necessary repairs.
Hoping that we shall succeed in satisfying you in all ways, we beg leave
to be, as ever
Yours truly,
55
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE
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56
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE
Dear Sir: To-morrow I shall pay you the money due on my house at
Rochester. I am sorry I could not pay it before, but many serious mat-
ters which I must take up and dispose of have caused this delay.
I hope you will be in your office early to-morrow to receive the money.
Yours truly,
Dear Sir: Emma Smith, widow of James Smith, holds a large legacy
with which she wishes to buy city houses and Dakota farms. She may
take out a policy to cover any damage to her rye and barley fields.
If you think you can make a deal with the said party, I will do all
I can to assist you. She is very wealthy and has considerable money at
her disposal.
Yours truly,
Dear Sir: I shall give notice to the city authorities that the boys and
girls of this academy desire a large swimming pool in their new gym-
nasium). This is one of the most necessary things to make a gym-
nasium) popular. They must have also the best of shower baths and
many other things that I shall suggest to you some other time.
You must do your best to assist us so we may secure these necessary
things.
Yours truly,
Mrs. Victor Wood,
City.
Dear Madam: I have a large store in South Minneapolis. I sell the
very choicest things to eat, and should like to have you visit us some time
soon and taste the delicious strawberries, raspberries, cakes and cookies
that I carry.
You will do me a favor just to take a look at the variety of fancy
goods that this store carries. I hope to see you in here before long.
Yours truly,
Mr. Julius Johnson,
Dubuque, Iowa.
Dear Sir : Do you know where I can buy a set or a dozen of Webster's
Rhetorics? For several days I have wished to purchase these particular
books, but could not do so as the book stores here do not carry them. I
would like a dozen copies of Fisk's Civics also. We are using this work
and like it very much.
I hope to receive an answer to this letter by return mail.
Yours truly,
57
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE.
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58
LETTER \\ "KITING EXERCISE
Mr. Louis Adams,
Salem, Mass.
Dear Sir: Your letter of the 14th inst. received. If you will give me
the house you hold in Salem as security, I will give you the money you
wish. I do not consider the house is very good security, but I will leave
it that way for one year.
I hope business is good in your city. It is astonishing how good all
business is in this vicinity. The rye and barley sales are especially good
this year. A year ago they were slack, but the high cost of living seems
to push business along. If you have a system to work by, you will see
that you will have better success. That is the way we do business in
Canada.
With best wishes for your success and welfare, I am
Very truly,
Mr. Thomas Smith,
Tomahawk, Wisconsin.
Dear Sir: I wish to acknowledge your letter of the 6th inst., saying that
you will ship the five boxes of raisins to our store at Topeka next Tues-
day. You may ship us also the following:
2 dozen jugs of molasses
1 dozen small picnic hams
5 pecks of turnips
4 boxes of tomatoes
If you have some nice bananas, you may also ship us some of them.
Yours truly,
Mr. Selby Thistle,
Reno, Nevada.
Dear Sir: I should like to sell you a large jug of oil before you go away.
The jug will hold one-half barrel of oil, and I think you will like it very
much.
I wish to receive a letter by return mail.
Truly yours,
Mr. Jesse E. Harrison,
Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
Dear Sir: Your letter of the 17th inst. received. I think you can buy
Webster's Rhetorics at A. E. Kennedy's book store, No. 41- 4th Avenue
South. He may have the book on Civics which you desire, also. I know
he advertised this work a year ago. I am of your opinion when you fay
that these text books are particularly good.
We hope you will be able to secure these books.
Yours truly,
59
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE.
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60
USES OF N HOOK
1. A small final hook on the concave side of any curved stroke, on
the left hand side of P, B, T, D, Ch, J, H, Wh, and on the under side of
K, G, Ray and Ou, expresses the sound of N, not followed by a vowel
sound.
k^
k.
ZL
^L
fine
vine
thin
line
win
— , gone
rain
N
spin
\
queen
mine
none
sprain
stone
strain
pin
I
J_
f
done
chain
June
skin
slain
2. The N hook is made a part of a small loop to express nt, nd.
J_
-f
^
joined
adjoined
chant
screened
rent
\
/*
spent
stunt
strained
skinned
slant
3. The Nt-d loop is extended across the stroke to add ed.
zf.
^L
^
.mended
.landed
.vented
.wounded
.founded
</
r=
Ju
-\
.haunted
.slanted
stunted
shunted
.squinted
I
v
X
.stranded
amended
offended
attended
abounded
\
_accounted
_appointed
_annointed
_amounted
_acquainted
4. A vowel sound must precede N hook ; therefore, a stroke modi-
fied by an N hook need not be lengthened to show the presence of a
vowel sound between the stroke and N hook ; but such strokes, used medi-
ally and finally, may be lengthened to indicate a long vowel sound, or an
accented vowel before the sound of N.
5. Third position strokes, modified by an N hook, may be length-
ened and written according to paragraphs 5 and 6, page 21.
61
USES OF N HOOK CONTINUED
1. The S-Z circle must be written within the N hook on curved
strokes.
V a fines
^ vines
(s thins
lines
_Zf H
^_
nouns
wins
"~> queens
_s/__ shines
w
7*-
offense
/Vq, roughens
aligns
y\ refines
winced
/Va ravens
owns
/\ ravines
moans
eJ yawns
-^ — fenced V-* demons
2. The C and Ses circles are too large to be written within the N
hook. Therefore, a dot or period is written inside such circle:; to ex-
press the sound of N before a medial C or Ses circle, and before a final
C and Ses circle on curved strokes.
_W
^3
3t
2l
fancy
fences
winces
quinces
Jr* lances
^d_ — rancid
N, bouncer
ransack
Benson
tinsel
J-<
handsome
-=^
££l. lonesome
Spencer
dispenser
announces
affiances
3. Final Ns, Nz, following the sound of a straight stroke, may be
expressed by closing the N hook into a small circle.
J
s
pens
tins
dunce
whines
X
J-
s_
bones
joins
gains
rains
2±
chains
stains
ripens
attains
against
saddens
regions
rejoins
4. The sounds of nsy, nces, nzez, etc., final, following the sound of
a straight stroke, may be expressed by closing the N hook into a C circle
for ncy, nsy, and into a Ses circle for nses, nces.
\
pansy
a tansy
d
_tenses
-dunces
-Kansas
.ounces
^
sL
•inses
lances
.chances
.X
X
\
.nounces
.bounces
.rebounces
62
THE USES OF SHUN AND -NG HOOKS
1. A large final hook on the right hand side of P, B, T, D, Ch, J,
H, Wh, on the upper side of K, G, Ray and Ou, and on the concave side
of curved strokes (except Th) expresses the syllables having the sound
of Shun spelled sion, sian, Hon, cian, cean. The S and C circles may be
written within the Shun hook.
d
2-
V
ocean
ration
option
motion
nation
action
^
passion
._ Hessian
suasion
_So , fashion
petition
sections
orations
logician
effusion
7~-
V
^o
illusion
radiation
laudation
N^~L . politician
mutations
elocution
IT
r=r
2. A large N hook on any straight stroke, and on Th strokes, ex-
presses ng.
X
^L
J
rowing
kink
king-
tongue
J
1
— pang
— bung
— hung
ZL — ring
3. The ending seeshun, spelled sition, cission, cision, sician, etc., is
expressed by S circle and Shun hook; sheation, spelled tiation, elation,
is expressed by S circle, continued across the stroke, and joined to Shun
hook; -nshun (spelled nsion, ntion, ntian) is expressed by a dot and Shun
hook — the dot to be written in N hook position.
stung
string
gong
going
L
thong
bathing
springest
strongest
^
position
decision
causation
accession
recission
_Ld — physician
s^Z t musician
& secessions
v- abscission
-n ,., acquisition
-association
■d-
ascension
-^r— annunciation — ^ — pension
/ renunciation <^~s -mention
-i-! — tension ^~~^ dimension
attention /L. retention
hr
63
MISCELLANEOUS PRINCIPLES
1. -n-n, as in tenancy, penance, finance, etc., is expressed by N hook
and N stroke ; but the N stroke must be lengthened where a vowel sound
follows it, as in fineness, meanness, etc.
X tenant \_5> penance
j> evenness
^ ^ eminent v-^ o permanence L 9 finance
\ , pennant J_r> tenancy V^ jp fineness
2. Con, com, may be expressed by an initial dot.
\a composition ±, continent _ concede
3. -nguish, -nquish, may be expressed by -ng-sh, joined or disjoined.
/^~3 languish V vanquish — ^- distinguish
4. Ology, may be expressed by J stroke written through the preced-
ing part of the Avord ; ological-ly by the J-K strokes joined, and so written.
—)L- theology V/p physiology V/» physiological
5. Fication, may be expressed by the K stroke written through the
preceding part of a word.
specification ■- a notification _i
edification
6. Graph, may be expressed by the G stroke written through the pre-
ceding part of a word.
\- biograph \- biographer \j biographical
7. Ing a-an, may be expressed by a disjoined short T or K stroke
written in place of ing dot.
.doing a > y) knowing- a - — - 1 making an
8. Ing the, may be expressed by a disjoined short Ray or Cha stroke
written in place of ing dot.
_l doing the ^ ... making the _^ seeing the \, paying the
64
USES OF N STROKE AND N HOOK
Affiance, -f- -ns
_V^2__ Evinces, ev-nses
>» Evinced, ev-nst
k° Silences, s-l-nscs
/ Koran 1 K-r-n
q Announces, -n-nses
^q Annoyances, -n- -uses
^/___ Renounces, r-n-nses
v ^o Alliances, -/- -uses
;Benison, b-n-s-n
.Canada, k-n-d-
. Candy, k-ndy
Avenge, -v-nj
\
|_ Handy, h-ndy
Hinsdale, h-nsd-i
Minnesota, M-n-s-t-
„ P Monastic, m-n-st-k
l_ ^ Demonetize, d-m-n-t-s
\_^— Panic, p-n-k
. Pancake, p-nk-k
V
\ Pinion, p-ny-n
-zr —
Bunyan, B-ny-n
\ ■ -, Pendulum, p-nd-l-m
\ Pantheon, p-nth- -n
\ Pantomime, p-nt-m-m
I — ^— N
\ Bandana, b-nd-n-
' — /
\ Banditti, b-nd-ty
!>
^
Bandage, b-nd-j
Bantam, b-nt-m
V ^ Benign, fr-ft-n
J Tenpins, t-np-ns
I ^ — Tonic, f-n-fc
J Tenth, t-nth
J Edinboro, -d-nb-ro
Dentist, d-nt-st
J Danish, D-n-sh
I
>
■ Canby, K-nby
Sponge, sp-nj
/d Stainless, st-nl-s
r Stingy, st-njy
_ Monday, M-udy
^ Wednesday, U'-usd-
USES OF N STROKE AND N HOOK
65
<= V~
Mendacious, m-nd-sh-s J
J
c
Mendacity, m-nd-s-ty N^
Whine, ivh-n
Whinny, wh-ny
J-
Dispenser, d-sp-ns-r
Bouncer, b-ns-r
Ransack, r-ns-k
Rancid, r-ns-d
±
7
*
IT
-L
JL
Mendicant, m-nd-h-nt <*> Handsomest, hans-m-st
Spontaneous, sp-nt-n- -s /' Tr ~ N _ Lonesome, l-ns-m
X
Gainsay, g-ns-
Rainbow, r-nbo
Runaway, r-n-zva
Reindeer, r-nd-r
Vanishes, v-n-sh-s
Lonely, l-nly
Arranges, -r-nj-s
Mantilla, m-nt-l-
Potency, p-t-nsy
Evenness, ev-nn-s
Fineness, f-nn-s
Finance, f-n-ns
Hancock, H-nk-k
Titanic, t-t-n-k
Spencer, Sp-ns-i'
U
\
-^
t
Density, d-ns-ty
Tenancy, t-n-nsy
Penance, p-n-ns
/\$ Lieutenancy, l-t-n-nsy
^_^ Amanuenses, -m-n- -ns-s
\& Positions, p-s-shuns
Opposition, -p-s-shun
Physician, f-s-shun
_ Acquisitions, -qu-s-shuns
Suspension, s-sp-nshun
Punctuation, p-ngt- -shun
-& Emaciation, ems- -shun
51) Negotiation, n-g-s- -shun
Association, -s-s- -shun
J /fe Denunciation, d-n-ns- -shun
66
WRITING EXERCISE
pan, p-n
wane, ro-n
pains, p-ns
fanned, f-nd
tan, l-n
Spain, Sp-n
chains, ch-ns
manned, m-nd
can, fc-n
stain, st-n
rains, r-ns
bent, b-nl
fan, f-n
skein, sfy-n
veins, v-ns
tend, t-nd
than, th-n
swain, sn>-n
wanes, iv-ns
Kent, K-nl
span, sp-n
dean, d-n
beans, b-ns
rend, r-nd
pen, p-n
lean, /-n
tans, i-ns
lent, J-n<
ten, t-n
mean, m-n
Dan's, D-ns
fend, f-nd
ken, fc-n
dine, d-n
chance, ch-ns
went, lv-nl
hen, h-n
Rhine, R-n
cans, fc-ns
queens, qu-ns
been, fc-n
spine, sp-n
fans, f-ns
pines, p-ns
din, d-n
swine, sw-n
vans, v-ns
fines, /-ns
fin, /-n
vine, v-n
spans, sp-ns
lines, l-ns
win, n>-n
wine, V>-n
pens, p-ns
mines, m-ns
spin, sp-n
nine, n-n
dens, d-ns
cones, k' ns
John, /-n
tone, t-n
whence, wh-ns
tunes, t-ns
pun, p-n
hone, n-n
thence, ih-ns
spoons, sp-ns
gun, g-n
boon, b-n
bins, b-ns
dawns, d-ns
fun, f-n
moon, m-n
dins, d-ns
danced, d-nsd
won, n>-n
pain, p-n
fins, /-ns
canst, fy-nst
pawn, p-n
chain, ch-n
mince, m-ns
rinsed, r-nsd
fawn, f-n
again, -g-n
spins, sp-ns
fenced, f-nsd
spawn, sp-n
fane, /-n
puns, p-ns
pant, p-nl
ban, b-n
lain, l-n
dunce, d-ns
chant, ch-nt
Dan, D-n
main, m-n
guns, g-ns
rant, r-nt
ran, r-n
sprain, spr-n
Danes, D-ns
land, 1-nd
van, v-n
strain, slr-n
gains, g-ns
pent, p-nt
man, m-n
slain, sf-n
fanes, f-ns
tent, t-ni
scan, sfc-n
bean, b-n
lanes, {-ns
dent, d-n<
Ben, B-n
keen, fc-n
mains, m-ns
rent, r-nt
den, J-n
wean, lv-n
leans, l-ns
spent, sp-nt
wren, r-n
pine, p-n
dines, d-ns
lend, J-nd
pin, p-n
kine, fc-n
vines, v-ns
vend, \>-nd
tin, t-n
whine, tt/i-n
wines, v>-ns
band, b-nd
chin, c/i-n
stein, sf-n
bones, b-ns
wend, w-nd
thin, m-n
fine, f-n
moans, m-ns
wind, l»-nd
shin, sh-n
thine, m-n
moons, m-ns
pond, p-nd
skin, sfc-n
mine, m-n
spawns, sp-ns
donned, d-nd
gone, g-n
cone, fc-n
tensed, t-nsd
wont, n»-n(
done, J-n
moan, m-n
chanced, ch-nsd
hunt, h-nt
run, r-n
known, n-n
tens, t-ns
runt, r-nl
none, n-n
tune, t-n
hens, /i-ns
chained, ch-nd
spun, sp-n
June, /-n
fence, f-ns
meant, m-nt
dawn, d-n
pans, p-ns
pins, p-ns
tint, i-nl
lawn, Z-n
bans, b-ns
tins, /-ns
chinned, ch-nd
down, d-n
lance, l-ns
chins, ch-ns
thinned, th-nd
coon, £-n
manse, m-ns
against, -g-nsl
rained, r-nd
spoon, sp-n
scans, sf-ns
winced, w-nsd
sprained, spr-nd
Dane, D-n
thins, th-ns
lanced, l-nsd
waned, tv-nd
Jane, /-n
wince, »-ns
tanned, t-nd
fiend, f-nd
gain, g-n
skins, s£-ns
cant, %-nr
weaned, re-nd
rain, r-n
duns, J-ns
means, m-ns
bind, b-nd
vain, v-n
runs, r-ns
weans, lv-ns
kind, \-nd
67
WRITING EXERCISE CONTINUED
hind, h-nd
fined, f-nd
wind, iv-nd
toned, l-nd
loaned, l-nd
tuned, t-nd
mend, m-nd
pinned, p-nd
dint, d-ni
hint, h-ni
lint, l-nl
mint, m-nt
bond, h-nd
fond, f-nd
punt, p-nt
dunned, d-nd
shunt, sh-nt
gained, g-nd
strained, sir-nd
feigned, f-nd
quaint, qu-nt
leaned, l-nd
pinned, p-nd
dined, d-nd
rind, T-nd
whined, luh-nd
lined, l-nd
honed, h-nd
moaned, m-nd
fawned, f-nd
spooned, sp-nd
downed, d-nd
gowned, g-nd
mound, m-nd
sound, s-nd
pants, p-nls
chants, ch-nli
hunts, h-nis
mends, m-nds
accounts, -}(-nis
panted, p-nl-d
chanted, ch-nt-d
landed, l-nd-d
dented, d-nl-d
mended, m-nd-d
tinted, t-nl-d
rounded, r-nd-d
wanted, ro-nt-d
haunted, h-nt-d
slanted, sl-nt-d
pounces, p-ns-s
tenses, t-ns-s
chances, ch-ns-s
rinses, r-ns-s
fences, f-ns-s
bound, h-nd
hound, h-nd
found, f-nd
wound, lu-nd
fount, f-nt
tends, t-nds
rents, r-nts
finds, f-nds
wends, ro-nds
amounts, -m-nts
banded, b-nd-d
rented, r-nt-d
tended, t-nd-d
vended, v-nd-d
wended, Tv-nd-d
bounded, h-nd-d
sounded, s-nd-d
founded, f-nd-d
stunted, st-ni-d
pansy, p-nsy
tansy, l-nsy
dances, d-ns-s
Kansas, K-ns-s
fancy, f-nsy
mind, m-nd
offenses, -f-ns-s
lances, l-ns-s
laces, l-s-s
mosses, m-s-s
manses, m-ns-s
winces, n>-ns-s
passions, p-shuns
tuition, l--shun
option, -pshun
edition, -d-shun
actions, -l(shuns
caution, fc-shun
occasions, -l(-shuns
rations, r-shuns
Hessians, H-shuns
mutation, m-t-shun
petition, p-t-shun
repetition, r-p-t-shun
mediation, m-d—shun
reduction, r-d-^shun
negations, n-g-shuns
fashion, f-shun
refashion, r-f-shun
vision, v-shun
ding, d-ng
ring, r-ng
revision, r-V-shun
lotion, l-shun
illusions, -l-shuns
motions, m-shuns
demolish, d-m-l-sh
donation, d-n-shun
ruination, r—n-shun
equation, equ-shun
oration, -r-shun
rejection, r-j-fyshun
station, st-shun
suasion, sru-shun
position, p-s-shun
abscission, -hs-shun
recission, r-s-shun
causation, fy-s-shim
musicians, m-s-shuns
pangs, p-ngs
bangs, h-ngs
dong, d-ng
hang, h-ng
fang, f-ng
THE ONE THOUSAND MOST FREQUENTLY USED WORDS
Third Installment.
whole
arrange
evidence
nationalism
section
whose
arrangement
fine
nine
session
witness
attention
finish
noon
sincerity
sudden
wreck
band
found
obtain
account
century
happen
our
summon
addition
decision
human
outside
spent
against
diamond
land
own
spring
alone
disappoint
man
point
station
amount
discussion
machine
position
stone
Monday
distinguish
mountain
pound
tenth
second
around
election
men
region
upon
event
motion
round
want
68
CONTRACTIONS. PHRASE AND SENTENCE WRITING.
^f
What sees
Must see
Must not see
-> We see the
\ Bank
\ Bankrupt
Bankruptcy
\ Objection
J Denominate
_JL__Denomination
_i Denominated
[j Condition
. Notwithstanding
6
-^\^2. Nevertheless
_j Beforehand
| Advance
I . Advanced
| Advancement
_j At once
Amendment
_L Within
\ y Backward
Upward
if
Say that
Takes up
Take us
1 o Takes us
Ten times
Ten days
This day
I
H
\
a a Sent, send
\ Upon such
9
t
Very certain
\- Very soon
V^ Was received
) Was said
Well done
Well known
-f\
=*x
-^
-^
u Well meaning
_ Goes up
_ Advise the
_ Advise us
Each time
^ Ever)- month
COMMON PHRASE AND SENTENCE WRITING
69
-Has been
.It has been
.Which has been
s
°<v Who has been
\ What has been
y\ There has been
f/\ Where has been
i Have been
jh We have been
"~i I have been
_ i . You have been
( ■ They have been
^\ There have been
L_Had been
"~1 I had been
_\ We had been
_P _What had been
I I It had been
( I They had been
„ , Mine, man
, — ^ My own, men
L
Thine
L Thy own
^ Your own
.Her own
^r
s*
.Their own
Our own
I Its own
Q_^ His own
Do not
May not
Can not
*J Shall not
Have not
-w
Will not
v Why not
-W
If not
We will not
s& We are not
■A
A-
We are not
to be
We are not
to do
We are not
tosfo
« We are not
to see
iZ^__We are not
to have
You are not
*
j^j — Are not, or not
r -n W 7 hether or not
^=&_^_Must not
I It is not
/ There is not
Which is not
~t
pS Where is not
^g I see
~~h W 7 e see
cy You see
(^ They see
n Can see
cJ Shall see
/o Will see
| =! Do see
It sees
Which sees
^ Who sees
70
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE
Lawrence, Kansas, June 25, 1917.
Mr. John Mackeen,
Saginaw, Michigan.
Dear Sir: I-have-your letter asking us to send you a car of salt at-once.
Just now there-is-a lack of cars, so we must ask you to wait-a week or
ten-days, as we cannot make shipment before.
We-are sorry on account of-this-delay and hope it- will-not affect your
business seriously, but you-will-find that at-this-time no wholesale house
is able to secure cars within that-time.
We-will send this salt to Dane's station, as we-are told that-is your
shipping point. If you advance us the money, we-will give you a dis-
count of ten per-cent.
Yours-truly,
Pontiac, Illinois, June 28, 1917.
Mr. Benjamin Spencer,
New Orleans, La.
Dear Sir : We-have-your letter asking for farm lands. We-have-an
especially fine farm about two miles east of town. It-is just what-you-
want; has-a fine location, a modern residence, and-the barn is very-large.
This-is one of the finest farms in-the county, and I-know you-will-be-
satisfied with-a home like this.
We-will-see you to-morrow afternoon, and-take you out there to-
see-this farm, and-then you-can decide for yourself whether or-not vou
like it.
Yours-truly,
Mankato, Minnesota, August 11, 1917.
The Fenshaw Land Company,
Bemidji, Minnesota.
Gentlemen: Have you a nice farm for sale with-a modern house and a
large barn on-it? I-do-not mind if some of the land is swampy, but I-do
want rich, sandy loam soil, as I-think that-is-the best soil known. I want
a piece of land where I-can raise barley, rye, corn, cabbage, beans, peas,
tomatoes, celery, and everything-else that can-be raised on-a farm.
I hope to receive a letter by return mail, as I-am anxious to begin
this kind of work.
If you make me a bargain, I may buy a sheep ranch later on, may be
next spring.
Yours-truly,
71
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE.
■=&-
,/ JLS- t / f/J.
jL
S ? '^ ?
• n -
<° 1 * c s
( ^1_^1-
*
<h^- C^'^ ( lf-/
I .^
H;
■ /^ c r .
^Q f /J I
J » [ -/ "S j o- ^
-. A-, \ ° <* 6
s ^ s — c^
if
^
^r
-H-Y-
" , ff / 7 -
_Z^
I
- / s
H
z^
~V\ zi
"1
,\ X, I-
^-f.
■Z: V/n
-*-
^2
*z
^ —
r/(
_£- k o_^ ^_ a (_
z 5 <r - ) <- ~/x
:^
■~r
J rr-^ _^. oZ_
72
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE.
John A. Bohn, Esq.,
Austin, Texas.
Dear Sir : I should like to open up a check account in your bank. How
large an amount is-it necessary for me to keep on deposit to open up
such-an account?
Yours-truly,
Messrs. Jones & Simons Paint Company,
Eugene, Oregon.
Dear Sirs: Ten-days-ago, I asked you to send me seven gallons-of yel-
low paint for my house in town, on-the condition that-the paint be sent
at-once. I told you also that I wanted ten gallons of gasoline, and to
send that out to my farm, but my tenant says he has seen nothing of-it
yet.
Kindly take-the matter up with-your men, and give me an answer just
as-soon-as you-can.
Very-truly,
Mr. N. G. Winters,
Valentine, Maine.
Dear Sir: As we-have-the agency for-the Payne lands, John Ringley
has written us that in-a-few-days he and his family wish to-take posses-
sion of-the old residence now used by Henry Payne, Jr. ; but I fear that
John Ringley will be bitterly disappointed, as-the Payne family is-not
ready to-leave-the city for-a week or two, — when they will sail for Eng-
land.
John Ringley has sent us bank bonds amounting to $10,000. He-is-a
man of eminence, striking in appearance, and-is well advanced in years.
His youngest son is-a second lieutenant in-the English army. Will you
wire him about this matter so-that he-can arrange his affairs satisfac-
torily at-once?
Yours-truly,
Mr. Peter Barron,
Pine City, Montana.
Dear Sir: Will you kindly send me your catalogue and specifications of
fancy fences for garden use? I should like to-have-the fence within
ten-days, so send me your catalogue at-once.
If I find your quotations satisfactory, I-will send you dimensions of
my lawn and garden, as I want-the fence around both. Do you allow
discount for cash payment?
Yours-truly,
73
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE.
^^A
V
Ld
Z_
2*.
1
\
7
*
^<V
^r~a,
v — ^
>^ v
JSw
-H=r ^
I „«> (
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J
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A^
— ^h
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^
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v ( /
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^
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T
^y-
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74
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE.
Dear Sir: If I find time, I-shall attend-the Physicians' Alumni to be
given in-the Canby Hall next Wednesday evening. There will-be physi-
cians representing every denomination, and I-wish you- would attend this
reception.
I am particularly well acquainted with-a well-known physician whose
advancement has-been due largely to-his kindness and many other fine
qualities which he possesses. Notwithstanding the fact that at-first he-
was behind in-a-few of-his studies, he finished his course at-the univer-
sity within-the length of time required by-the average student. He found
that his success depended upon himself alone; so he went to work with
all of-his hidden powers to qualify himself for-the highest position in
life. Consequently, he found success awaiting him everywhere.
I mention these things to you because I-know what-has-been said
to you before about this man.
If you-are going to the City Hall soon, I would like to- go down there
with-you.
Yours-truly,
Dear Sir : I-wish you-would-go and hear Miss Irene Jones speak at-the
Meredith Hall next week, (may be Wednesday) at-the noon hour. She-
is going to speak on "Necessary Qualifications of a Stenographer," not-
withstanding the fact that she-is-not-a good stenographer herself.
She-has-been teaching stenography for thirty years, and-is well-
known in-the business world. You-should go and hear her if you- can
find-the time to-do-so.
Yours-truly,
Dear Sir: We-have on hand a large amount of bankrupt stock, which
we are disposing of at a big discount. If you desire anything in-this
line we-will arrange to-have one of the salesmen go to-your residence
at-once, and show you our fine line-of woolens. It-is-a well-known
fact that we furnish the very best goods, and guarantee every-thing
that we sell.
We-have no objection to-receiving your bank bonds as cash payment,
on-the condition that you guarantee them to be good. If you decide to
send us a payment within ten-days, you-will receive-a second discount.
If we can-be of any assistance to you in-the selection of goods, we-
shall-do all we-can to favor you.
Yours truly,
75
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE
. i.C^U^J^
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*
LETTER WRITING EXERCISES.
Dear Sir: — We hold some notes of yours due last week. Kindly ad-
vise us at what time you will pay the same,
Truly yours,
76
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE
Miss Loraine Benton,
Oakfield, Wisconsin.
Dear Miss Benton: In answer to your letter of-the 10th inst., I would
advise you to attend-the university if you-have-a chance to-do-so. If
your parents are willing to pay your expenses, by all means go.
I-am well acquainted with Henry Spencer who will-be one of your
teachers.
Tshall look for-your answer next Wednesday.
Yours truly,
Mr. Burton Allen,
Salisbury, Maryland.
Dear Sir: I-think I-shall leave for Kansas next Monday at noon. Our
company has-an option on several sections of land down there, and -is
sending me to hunt up buyers, so I-shall-have to cancel-the engagement
I-have in Pine County for next Wednesday. Henry Jones, who-is-a
physician, is going along with me.
Very truly,
Gentlemen : We-beg to acknowledge your letter of the 9th instant, ask-
ing us to send you seven cars of especially strong pine poles to be used
for telephone and telegraph purposes.
Shall we send these poles via Canton, or how-do you wish them sent ?
Kindly advise us at-once.
Yours-truly,
Miss Pauline Evans,
Ogden, Utah.
Dear Miss Evans : I-have-been told that you-have finished a course in
stenography, and-that you wish to-take-a position at-once.
The office of-the Danish consul is advertising for-a stenographer.
If you-can-do-the work satisfactorily, I-am very certain that- the posi-
tion is yours for- the asking; but, if you-are-not able to hold such-a po-
sition, do-not ask for it but arrange to keep up your study for another
month, or as-long-as-it-is necessary for you to-do-so.
Work for efficiency. Make haste slowly. Remember, as-soon-as
you-are ready, there-is-a good position for you.
I should like to hear about this matter at-once, and learn whether
or-not you-are actually ready to-go to work.
Yours-truly,
V
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE.
-^ ^f>-° ^<
^ ' \ ' t}
^ " ' J
^rx
.X ; ^ X
-^J-
^V
■> x ^^" V> >
_^ X sJL
^
. "t V /\
^T
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"C
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.V. CL
— V
Y-
Dear Sir : — Will you be able to pay us as much as $450 dollars on
your account, which is long past due, by the first of next month?
Kindly answer this letter by return mail.
Very truly,
78
USES OF THE T, D HOOK
1. The sound of T or D, final, preceded by a curved stroke, is ex-
pressed by a small semi-circle opening to the right, or to the left, and
joined angularly. The semi-circle that forms the best joining with the
stroke should be used.
V
V
.fate
vote
-v
^L
thought
laid
.made
.night
y sheet
_S ate
2. The sound of T or D, preceded by a straight stroke, is expressed
by a small final hook written on the right hand side of P, B, T, D, Ch,
J, H, Wh; and on the upper side of K, G, Ray and Ou strokes.
^
put
bed
-i tight
1 .did
/
/
/
cheat
head
jet
whet
S
cut
God
right
out
3. A small semi-circle, opening upward or downward, and joined
finally to any stroke at an angle, expresses the sound of ts or dz.
X,
.X
s,
L
.fits
.wits
aids
pets
bets
jets
cuts
s*
outs
/
heats
-^-y — votes
.—■^ meets
whets
%t _ goods
_Z^a quits
y" shuts
J2 =pits
.debts
JL
r^ lights
^~ nights
sweets
smites
-^— — writes
states
— skates
spreads
-thoughts
No
L
N,
jL=>> Jetsam
.Methodism
4. Final sts may be expressed by the S circle and the ts semi-circle.
^— — rest — * dust ^ a npgts
' rests — * dusts *-*» — mists
\, posts
^ fists
79
USES OF THE T-D HOOK AND T AND D STROKES
1. The semi-circle for T or D may be dotted to express D only where
it is deemed necessary or advisable to distinguish between final T or D.
V fight y vat /^ late ^-^ — . might
\ fade
.vat
void
lead
.mode
2. Final D may be joined at an angle on any straight stroke, if nec-
essary to differentiate D from T.
/
N, bet
\ bid
\j_ peat
\— . paid
i
hot
head
uL
write
read
3. A large final semi-circle opening to the right or left, and joined
angularly to any stroke, expresses the final syllables tet, ted, det, ded.
Where greater exactitude is desired, the strokes t-d, d-d, may be used.
V
faded
J_
\
. shouted
.sprouted
.stated
deeded
.outvoted
posted
V voted
/^ loaded
. — c netted
^V quitted
4. The T and D strokes, modified by a wide initial hook on the right
hand side, expresses Tw- and Dw- respectively.
x
/\i raided
^ o nested
l-i decided
recited
\p boasted
—4 attested
f_ad justed
_L ousted
L
L
.twice
-twist
JL
JL
.twine
- twenty
£
I
twined
dwell
-twig
-L Dwight
_1^ — Dwyer
dwelling
t>—
rTs tweezers V_L twilight
5. T stroke initial, disjoined, expresses the prefix Trans.
1\, transpose IV ^ transfix -^transposed 1^> transmission
transpire 1 transact -lVx- transfusion |\» transposition
|/* translate 1 1 transit -^-transparent \ / ~j r transmarine
|^-^ transmutes 1U, transfuse _L=s_ transalpine W/° transparency
80
ILLUSTRATIONS OF ABOVE PRINCIPLES
-^ — -Past, p-st
-^ — Pats, p-ts
^s*- Pasty, p-sty
N , Opposite
y -p-s-t
V Best, b-st
\« Beats, b-ts
\ Bestow, b-sto
Beset, b-s-t
\ Obsessed,
*> -bs-st
X , Taste, t-st
_L Tights, t-ts
Tasty, t-sty
i Tacit, t-s-t
L Tastes, t-sts
Tasted, t-st-d
J, Dust, d-st
L Dusty, d-sty
U Deceit, d-s-t
_h Decide, d-s-d
1 Debts, d-ts
4 Dusts, d-sts
I
-^-Rust, r-.yf
-^— -Rusts, r-.sty
/i Rusty, r-.yfy
s\ Receipt, r-s-t
si Reside, r-s-d
A Residue, r-s-du
S 1 Ruts, r-ts
. / Reads, r-ds
A Haste, h-st
J Hasty, h-sty
A. Hates, h-ts
^r
s~k Must, m-st
Musty, m-sty
Meets, m-ts
Mists, m-sts
^— g Nest, n-^f
>^a/ Nests, «-^^
Nasty, n-jfy
Nets, n-to
Needs, n-rfj
Nested, n-st-d
^f
— ^ — Positions,
p-s-shnns
— \- — Opposition,
^ -p-s-shun
\a Abscission,
. -bs-shun
— L — Decision
,« d-s-shun
-^— — Recissions
r-s- shuns
> Accession,
-ks-shun
7* Causation,
k-s-shun
~^ Acquisition,
-qu-s-sliiin
XL- Deluded, rf-/-rf-rf
V* Polluted, />-/-/-</
I ^ Denoted, d-n-t-d
_^ Dusted, d-jf-d
xf, Rusted, r-jf-d
Va Feasted, /-.tf-rf
s-» . Masted, m-st-d
1 Toasted, t-st-d
"t-
/I, Lasted, /-.rt-d
y Posted, p-st-d
Accosted, -k-st-d
v 1 Affected, -/-fef-rf
V Affectionate,
WRITING EXERCISE
81
pate, p-t
need, ;z-rf
Maud, m-d
slit, sl-t
date, d-t
kite, k-t
bowed, b-d
fit, /-*
gate, g-t
right, r-f
cowed, k-d
lit, l-t
hate, h-t
bide, &d
loud, l-d
bid, 6-d
jade, j-d
died, d-d
spout, sp-t
did, d-d
fade, j-d
guide, g-d
toyed, t-d
kid, k-d
late, l-t
ride, r-d
Loyd, l-d
rid, r-d
made, m-d
hide, /i-d
pat, p-t
pot, p-t
shade, sh-d
fight, /-f
bat, b-t
bought, b-t
state, st-t
light, l-t
chat, ch-t
tot, M
skate, sk-t
might, m-t
gad, g-d
dot, d-t
beat, b-t
vied, v-d
cat, &-£
rot, r-£
hear, &-r
lied, /-d
scout, sk-t
spot, sp-t
bead, b-d
boat, &-£
hat, ft-/
jot, /-#
keyed, k-d
tote, t-t
rat, r-t
slot, ^/-/
heed, /i-d
dote, d-£
spat, j£-£
fought, f-t
meet, m-t
coat, k-t
sprat, j^r-/
thought, th-t
feed, /-d
goat, #-f
scat, sk-t
pod, p-d
mead, m-d
wrote, r-£
slat, ^/-f
rod, r-d
bite, &-£
vote, v-t
vat, v-t
nod, w-d
tight, M
moat, m-t
lad, /-d
mud, m-d
white, zvh-t
note, n-t
mat, ?«-£
scud, .yfc-d
tide, /-d
bode, &-d
mad, m-d
pates, p-ts
chide, ch-d
toad, /-d
gnat, «-/
gates, g-ta
bait, &-£
code, k-d
shad, sh-d
spades, ,?/>-d.j
Kate, #-*
goad, g-d
pad, />-d
fates, f-ts
rate, r-t
rode, r-d
bad, &-d
beats, &-fa
paid, />-d
hoed, A-d
fad, f-d
cheats, ch-ts
raid, r-d
mowed, ra-d
pet, />-*
heeds, h-ds
fate, f-f
load, l-d
bet, b-t
speeds, sp-ds
laid, /-d
showed, sh-d
debt, d-f
feats, f-ts
mate, m-t
Butte, B-t
whet, w/i-^
weeds, zv-ds
spade, sp-d
jute, /-*
let, l-t
bites, b-ts
straight, str-t
cute, &-£
met, m-£
chides, ch-ds
slate, sl-t
root, r-t
net, n-t
acquit, -qu-t
cheat, ch-t
hoot, /&-/
sweat, sw-t
abode, -b-d
wheat, wh-t
feud, f-d
pit, £-*
sift, s-ft
deed, d-d
viewed, v-d
bit, b-t
street, str-t
read, r-d
mute, w-£
writ, r-£
summit, s-m-t
feet, f-/
lute, l-t
hit, h-t
annoyed, -n-d
neat, w-£
dude, d-J
whit, w/z-J
added, -d-d
lead, l-d
pawed, p-d
skit, .?&-£
avoid, -v-d
82
WRITING EXERCISE CONTINUED
guides, g-ds
slides, sl-ds
lights, l-ls
nights, n-ts
lots, l-ts
gods, g-ds
hods, h-ds
buds, t-Ji
spuds, sp-ds
thuds, ih-ds
baits, b-ts
jades, j-ds
hates, /i-ts
skates, sfy-ts
deeds, d-ds
reeds, r-ds
sleets, sl-ts
leads, l-ds
sheets, sh-ts
kites, k-ls
fights, f-ls
boats, b-ts
goads, g-ds
coats, l(-ts
votes, V-ts
roots, r-ts
dudes, d-ds
scouts, sfy-ts
bats, b-ts
rats, r-/s
spats, sp-ls
mats, m-fe
pets, p-<«
debts, d-ts
heads, h-ds
lets, l-ts
sweats, sie-ls
spits, sp-ta
fits, f-ls
pots, p-fs
dots, d-ts
nods, n-ds
pitted, p-ted
goats, g-/s
nodded, n-ded
moats, 771 -is
budded, b-ded
toads, f-d*
baited, b-led
hoots, h-ts
dated, d-led
lutes, /-ta
rated, r-led
spouts, «p-/s
hated, h-ted
pats, p-ts
hats, /i-fe
faded, f-ded
mated, tn-led
slats, sl-ts
waded, ro-ded
vats, v-fa
shaded, sh-ded
gnats, n-ts
spaded, sp-ded
jets, }--ts
beaded, b-ded
whets, lvh-ts
deeded, d-ded
nets, n-ts
needed, n-ded
hits, /i-ts
guided, g-ded
slits, s/-ts
lighted, l-led
wits, IV- ts
slighted, sl-ted
jots, /-is
goaded, g-ded
gods, g-ds
loaded, l-ded
duds, d-ds
slated, sl-ted
thuds, t/i-ds
skated, s^-ted
apt, -pt
netted, n-ted
aft, -/t
squatted, squ-led
act, -ki
jaded, j-ded
ant, -71/
jotted, j-ted
ebbed, -id
raided, r-ded
etched, -chl
doubted, d-ted
egged, -gd
Boyd, B-d
oft, -ft
rides, r-ds
edged, -jd
tights, t-ts
patted, p-ted
nuts, n-ts
batted, b-ied
buds, b-ds
chatted, ch-ted
whetted, U>h-led
fatted, f-ted
guided, g-ded
padded, p-ded
voted, V-ted
matted, m-ted
doited, d-led
petted, p-ted
fitted- f-ted
abetted, -b-led
stated, sl-ted
leaded, l-ded
heeded, h-ded
sledded, sl-ded
spotted, sp-ted
Ment, final, preceded by a consonant sound, in words of two or
more strokes, may be expressed by nt loop.
^\ shipment
\ pavement
~u
testament
-sentiment
/ judgment
yf regiment °\
_ attachment
detachment
83
PHRASE AND SENTENCE WRITING
^ Forward
Afterward
(^ Onward
^•v Leeward
I Downward
[/ Downright
For the
For one
S>
^
-J-
Which one
If one
It is one
Which is one
y? There is one
^-j — He said
-4r He says
— — How is it
— , — I said
k
— k — I think so
A55— H so
^2Tl_In no
2^L — In our
-4=^— -Just now
/^-^ Last time
w .„. Long ago
I It would not
w\ -You would not have
S Where is one — £& — You were not
s^— c —
At one ^ He is not a
, At one time J~* She is not the
Every one ^\ .1 will not think
^ I will
^ I will see
w~ I will not
I will have
-That is all
C? ) That is so
(x This afternoon
Cause to be
^ o Knows it to be
_2 So as to
J So as to be
At the time
At no time
At the same time
At some time
At such time
( At this time
IT"
At any time
%
^1
t—f
^
1 Every such case
^o Express purpose
\Z\ Fellow citizens
For as much as it
At what time
At which time
So as to do
) So as to go
As you are
J
As von are not
-#•
■Y
As you know
84
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE
Miss Marietta Reed,
New Bedford, Mass.
Dear Miss Reed: We-have just opened up-a new store on Fourth
Street and Second Avenue. We carry the finest stock of furs and winter
coats in-the city. Our goods are of a better quality than you-can-find
anywhere-else in-the city. We have-a carload lot of fine wash silks, also.
If, at-any-time, you-should need anything in our line, you-should-
not hesitate to let-us-know and we may be able to furnish you with what-
you want. Any goods will-be sent by mail to out of town purchasers.
We hope we can-be of some assistance to you, and should like to
receive an answer at-an early-date.
Yours-truly, (128)
Albert Whitehouse,
Big Rapids, Mich.
Dear Sir: We-have-your letter of the 15th inst. stating that-the deed
on-your house and lot in New London is lost. We-are very sorry if
such-is-the case. On-the 2nd day of August we sent you- the deed,
and hope that you-have received it by-this-time. Write-us to-day and
let-us-know whether or-not the deed has reached you.
Yours-truly, (76)
Dear Sir: We-have written you again-and-again ; in fact, every-day
of the week for-the last ten-days. Therefore, it-seems-to-me that you-
should acknowledge our letters. You-may-not know how-many we-
have sent you, but I-ask-that if it-is possible you write-us at-once. You-
would-not-have to answer all of-them as you are very busy with your
work; but, as you-know, it-is-necessary to acknowledge business cor-
respondence. The letters were sent to your office, and if you-were-there
when-the office received them, I-beg-to-say to you that for-the sake
of your business, you-should-not-have overlooked this matter.
Do you mean to be on-the square with-us? For sometime there
has-been some doubt in our mind as-to your honesty of purpose. For-
instance, the checks you wrote out for-us were returned half-an-hour
ago, and-we-were told that you-have-not had-a bank account with-that
bank. It-is-a serious offense to write out bogus checks ; it-is, and always
has-been, against-the laws of Minnesota even to attempt to deceive in
such-a way as you-have-done in this matter. Nevertheless, if you-will
make things right with-us now, everything will-be satisfactory.
Let-us-know by-return-mail.
Yours-truly, (236)
Dear Sir: — Your order for forty books just received this A. M. We
will print, bind and ship them to you by Monday, July 10th. Trust-
ing this will be satisfactory to you, we are,
Yours truly,
85
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE.
v-
V
^L_U_
^f"
.V
/ K.
s*
^
f-"-v^<
^
^/^K. -j
V-
lis <■■
-^-r^i
f
^^^
■\~^.i
X
4-^— ^-^ "^oil ~\-q - f
y^
//
^s£.
M I. •'/'^-/T/*
-^M-
■f
V~^
^L
1
~v
^x
7
V " '"^"T V^ n ^ J< ^
^=^-
5
W
V,
x-^ / " c /J
r^ A
/V -f^l
*
U c ^
^^r+
^ L
^ I ^ -^ " x 7^
^
i,
t— fc*
-r-—^
-I
^ , v. ^ ^
vrr
^=^
*
Mini final, after T hook or V loop, may be represented by ent.
^__ apartment ^_ achievement _\^_ abatement
86
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE
E. E. Gard,
Port Huron, Mich.
Dear Sir: I write to let you-know that I-have-been appointed guardian
for-the heirs of the late Harriet Metz. Harriet Metz, widow of the late
Goodrich Metz, died a-year-ago, and left her whole estate to her two sons,
Hubert and Whitney. The boys are-not yet of age, and-the courts ad-
vised that-a guardian be appointed at-once.
The debts on-the estate are quite large, and must-be paid within
two years. The boys must-be sent away to be educated, and they are
delighted to-go. They are dignified and handsome appearing young-men,
and are-not addicted to any bad habits. Will you kindly write me and
suggest some good school for boys, as I want them to attend one of the
very-best schools in-the United-States (U. S.).
Very-truly, (146)
Gast's Wholesale House,
Joliet, 111.
Gentlemen : I-wish you-would send me the following goods :
One white iron bed,
Two medium-sized settees,
One Panama hat, with ribbons to match,
One red woolen jacket for-a child nine years old,
Forty feet dark red striped hall carpet.
Send directions how the carpet should-be laid and matched.
Yours-truly, (59)
Robt. H. Boyd,
Aurora, 111.
Dear Sir: The goods you shipped me last Monday reached me to-day,
but they look as though they had-been damaged by fire. It-seems strange
that you send out goods that are-not fit to be laid on-a counter. The red
woolen jacket was faded in spots; the curtain goods were spotted with
red, and cannot be used ; so I-have had-the goods packed and shipped
back to you.
Yours-truly, (79)
Leroy Finan,
Fort Smith, Ark.
Dear Sir: I-have-your letter of the 17th inst. advising me to buy
stock in-your-company.
I-have every reason to-think that it would-be-a good business scheme,
but at-this-time I-do-not feel that I-have-the money to pay for it. I-have
suffered such heavy losses of late that I-have all I-can-do to pay up my
old debts. If I-find that I-can spare a-few thousand-dollars, I-shall
buy some stock in-your-company very-soon.
Yours-truly, (98)
87
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE.
> r>\>~ ^ ^i^rv i v ^ ' ^ ^*
1
i
^r
N^
tr
X
~Z
V.
w fi
-fi c -^
^7:
-v^/ ->_k
^r
<* i ^
<H
w
/ \. C^
^ ' V ^c ' )
_x i o ^
( ^"C ( J u / N V V^^ ( n ^- ( ^VN^ -
) V — x -
^
=d I
^T
c > - ^
■— f
^-^:
^^ s
^>^ ^
^
^v
^_L
3^
<p^x
\ X VU
^v
S: /
4 ^° v ^ ( -y N
-^
V
\ C ^ \
^ x — ^L
J~ — I
"-c-
88
PHRASE AND SENTENCE WRITING
-=5, — Against us
^\ Always was
^ Ami
Among us
I It is not
x „ Are there
o As such
As your
\ . Beg to say
Again and again
7 / And were you the
1 At an early date
i n Before you were
!•> Day of the week
Day of the month
-\^ — And have been
.1 have done
.Is not the
_A__ Anything else
v — *"£ Any where else
"T
\
Do you mean to be
v^ y For his own account yA
v For the purpose of
_s^o_By express 1 For the sake of
Ever been ^"^ Here and there
Va For us
sQ
H
How many
How long is it
"""^ I do not think so
--^-^ I remain
c ^-^ We remain
^-Os I sent
^t_I ask that
*sr
If it is
^
*r
Long after ■ a/
Round about
^ Kouna apout . iq
,<--> — ^ Seems to me
Bank account
. But one, but not
Earlier than
For instance
For some time
Half an hour
In our own
Has not been
hope you will
am not to be
should not do
t is necessary
f these are
f you were there
f you would see
Right or wrong
f I I think it is
I would say
—f
,/ lust such as
J Larger than
s2
S May be able
What would you
^ Would you not
&> Were you not
89
USES OF F-V LOOP AND HOOK
1. A small final loop may be written on the right hand side of strokes
P, B, T, D, Ch, J, H, Wh, and on the upper side of K, G, Ray and Ou,
to express the sound of F or V not followed by a vowel sound. This
loop is carried across the stroke to add T or D, thereby expressing ft, vd.
\*.
Nl
X
pave
_paves
paved
dive
give
gift
T,
c gifted
\ above
/
I
achieved
hoofs
whiffed
strive
f
A
derived
chieftains
restive
.positive
The F-V loop may be joined angularly to a stroke to express //.
reflect /*~ reflection inflict ^ inflection
3. A large medial hook (same as final Shun hook) may be written
on the right hand side of P, B, T, D, Ch and J, and on the upper side
of K, G and Ray, to express the sound of F or V followed by a vowel
sound. A vowel sound does not follow the stroke preceded by the F-V
hook, unless the stroke is lengthened
V — befog
Vi pivot
devote
devotee
It— -? deafness u — ' defect
lr— 9 deafens
.reverie
4. Tive, medial or final, may be expressed by a semi-ellipse, open-
ing either in the direction of Ray or Cha, and joined angularly to the
stroke preceding.
active >, € . native \ vocative y^ ablative
activeness
motive
amative
operative
5. Tiate, ciate (sheate) is expressed by C circle and T stroke, vowel-
ized with A .
-negotiate
associate
emaciate
6. Tiveness, may. be expressed by the Tens stroke written through
the preceding part of a word.
-f
activeness
positiveness
relativeness
90
WRITING EXERCISE CONTINUED
foreign, /-r-n
sprocket, spr-k-l
tangent, t-nj-nl
rudiment, r-d-m-nl
council, k,-ns-l
census, s-na-s
legend, l-j-nd
rabbit, r-b-t
famine, f-m-n
assets, -s-ls
veranda, v-r-nd-
rusticate, r-si-fc-1
pilot, p-l-t
guidance, g-d-ns
admonition, -dm-n-shun
comet, fc-m-1
stupid, st-p-d
handicap, h-nd-k-p
landau, l-ndat»
navigate, n-v-g-1
appendix, -p-nd-l^s
pencil, p-nt-l
patent, p-t-nt
response, r-sp-ns
reckon, r-k~ n
dynamite, d-n-m-t
accountant, -\-nl-nt
audit, aud-l
debit, d-b-t
agitate, -j-t-i
humane, h-m-n
copious, k'P" s
pendant, p-nd-nt
wainscot, n>-nst(-t
saucer, s-s-r
teapot, t-p-t
tureen, l-r-n
agate, -g-t
etching, -ching
illusion, -l-shun
pica, p-£-
desolation, d-s-l-shun
casement, fy-sm-nl
lodgment, l-jm-nt
basket, fc-s%-f
storage, st-r-j
cogent, \-j-nt
ascend, -s-nd
diminution, d-m-n-shun
dainty, d-nty
descend, d-t-nd
elocution, -l-qu-shun
capacious, fc-p-s/i-s
damask, d-m-jfc
catechism, £-/-£-s/n
hurricane, h-r-^-n
mesmerize, m-tm-r-z
monotone, m-n-l-n
stagnant, st-gn-nt
parasol, p-r-s-l
reciprocate, r-s-pr-^-t
opulent, -p-l-nt
screen, ifyr-n
vitaphone, v-l-f-n
kinetic, \-n-t-\
abscond, -bs^-nd
rheostat, r—sl-t
telephone, l-l-f-n
electioneer, -l-^shun-r
facility, f-t-l-ty
labyrinth, l-b-r-nth
region, r-j-n
chicken, ch-\-n
pigeon, p-j-n
animosity, -n-m-s-ty
factions, f-^shuns
absolute, -os-l-t
lariat, l-r—l
cement, s-m-nl
rummage, r-m-j
gasoline, g-s-l-n
sponge, sp-nj
resolute, r-s-l-t
tabasco, l-b-s^o
tenacious, l-n-sh-t
appellate, -p-l-l
cohesive, l(-h-s-v
ferocious, f-r-th-s
giant, j--nl
scallop, sl(-l-p
scrutiny, sfcr-Z-ny
leaven, l-v-n
checkrein, ch-fyr-n
stirrup, sl-r-p
lassitude, l-s-t-d
disparage, d-sp-r-j
dungeon, d-nj-n
affix, -/-£s
appetite, -p-l-t
ethics, -i/i-fcs
mutilate, m-l-l-l
tendency, t-nd-nsy
locket, l-k-t
optician, -pt-shun
pendulum, p-nd-l-m
speculate, sp-qu-l-l
diligence, d-l-j-ns
obedience, -b-d—ns
genteel, j-nt-l
hemorrhage, h-m-r-j
accustom, -i^-tl-m
query, qu-r}/
monotonous, m-n-t-n-s
destitute, d-at-t-l
epistle, -p-s-l
lucid, l-s-d
lacerate, l-s-r-l
laudanum, l-d-n-m
nicotine, n-fc-<-n
heinous, h-n-s
physician, f-s-shun
poison, p-s-n
respiration, r-sp-r-shun
diminish, d-m-n-sh
dissolute, d-s-l-t
ignition, -gn-shun
runabout, r-n-b-t
quorum, qu-r-m
tension, t-nshun
stations, st-shuns
pugnacious, p-gn-sh-a
dimension, d-m-nahun
tuition, tshun
mistletoe, m-a-lto
phantom, f-nt-tn
ballast, b-l-si
careen, l(-r-n
acquaintance, -qu-nl-na
benediction, b-n-d-^ahun
requisite, r-qu-s-t
veracious, v-r-ah-a
sluice, sl-s
advocate, -dv-f(-t
arraign, -r-n
pittance, p-t-ns
society, a-a— 1\/
codicil, fy-d-a-l
defense, d-f-ns
obelisk, -b-l-slt
tolerate, t-l-}-i
homestead, h-mst-d
lynch, l-nch
mendacious, m-nd-sh-s
pandemonium, p-nd-m-n—m
maintain, m *W-n
testimony, t-at-m-ny
unique, un-}(
tyranny, l-r-ny
ovation, ov-shun
WRITING EXERCISE CONTINUED
91
locomotive, /-^-m-ii've
raincoat, r-n\-t
absolute, -bs-l-i
allegation, -l-g-shun
disappoint, d-s-p-nt
abundance, -b-nd-ns
attestation, -t-sl-shun
coupon, qu-p-n
perusal, p-r-s-l
fiat, f-i
homicide, h-m-s-d
jurisdiction, j-T-sd-\shun
litigate, l-i-g-l
landscape, l-ndsfy-p
jostle, j-s-l
docile, d-s-l
pacific, p-s-f-\
testament, t-st-m-nt
bayonet, b—n-i
resident, r-s-d-nt
fumigate, f-m-g-l
liquidate, l-qu-d-t
albumen, -Ib-m-n
meridian, m-r-d—n
dictionary, d-\shun-r\}
audience, aud--ns
aberration, -b-r-shun
currency, £-r-nsj>
minion, m-ny-n
obedient, ob-d—nl
behooves, b-h-Vs
penance, p-n-ns
woolen, iv-l-n
worsted, TD-rst-d
bobbin, b-b-n
succeed, s-^s-d
deleterious, d-l-t-r—s
benzine, b-nz-n
fugitive, /-/-live
pheasant, f-z-nt
theism, ih—sm
velocipede, V-l-s-p-d
affiliate, -f-l-i
Tennyson, T-n-s-n
hilarious, h-l-r-s
castigate, 1(-sl-g-t
opaque, op-k
hygiene, h-g-n
myriad, m-r~d
oblivious, -bl-V—s
utensil, ut-ns-l
salvation, s-lv-shun
radiant, r-d—nt
license, l-s-ns
restitution, r-st-t-shun
luscious, l-sh-s
coalition, l^—l-shun
violate, V—l-l
acetylene, -s-t-l-n
sustenance, s-si-n-ns
warehouse, te-rh-s
eyelet, il-t
aviation, av— shun
THE ONE THOUSAND MOST FREQUENTLY USED WORDS
Fourth Installment.
above
devote
give
meet
right
act
did
gold
minute
separate
adopt
died
lat
need
senate
attempt
doubt
height
night
shed
await
elect
hold
old
shut
boat
end
late
ought
state
bought
estate
let
paid
statement
carried
estimate
left
period
stood
child
feet
lead
put
stopped
cold
fight
led
rapid
thought
date
foot
light
rate
ticket
dead
get
lot
recent
write
92
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE
E. C. Betz,
Fort Scott, Kans.
Dear Sir: It-is-necessary that-the balance of the loan you-made on-your
estate in Devon County be paid within two weeks ; otherwise we-shall-
have to-take-the matter up with our attorney. Our notes are left in-the
Twin City State-Bank.
Let-us-know by-return-mail what-you decide to-do about-this matter.
Yours-truly, (68)
Mrs. Bertha Chafin,
Quincy, 111.
Dear Madam: At-this-time, I-take occasion to let you-know that-the
rent on-your house is-not due before-the tenth of next month. Your
mother came up to my office to-day and paid it in advance, so-that you-
would-not-have to bother with-it. She-is-not-the party who was up here
sometime-ago. At-that-time, however, I thought it was she.
As-your mother forgot-the receipt, I-will-see that it-is sent to you
when we send your tax receipts which were left here at-the-time your
husband came and paid-the rent.
Hoping this will-be-satisfactory, I am,
Yours-truly, (119)
J. Lee Porter,
Springfield, Mo.
Dear Sir : I-am-in-receipt of a letter dated June 4th, written by Dwight
Dyer, and sent to the Transatlantic Transit Company which-is-not now
transacting business in the United States (U. S.), Canada, or Europe.
In his letter he-says that-the European war has-a bad effect on busi-
ness all over-the world. Every-day of the week they receive letters
stating that it-is absolutely necessary to ship food stuffs to Europe every-
day of the month for-the-purpose-of maintaining-the support of the army.
If I hear anything else about-this matter, I-will write you. Hoping
to get a letter at-an early-date, I am,
Yours-truly, (120)
The Haven Land Company,
Cascade, Iowa.
Gentlemen : Your letter dated June 8th received. You say you-have-a
lot for-sale 40x140 feet. If -the lot is located right and-is in a good
neighborhood, I-will make you an offer on-it. I-have-not got-the money
just now, but will give you notes in payment. Let me know what-has-
been bid on-the lot you are advertising for-sale.
Very-truly, (80)
93
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE.
lA.
\/^ r ,
v
"T
_v_
(
3 T— V
_^=,
\
L_
-^=0-
t
^~*c
H
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__i=« -■ — j * S ? -, \
V
M - N - 1 - J
£-4
../..
L, .^ - P / r /-\
^v=^ ^ - <, ^
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c
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^
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-v= M
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7^
^ v
W~
My dear Sir: — We have been told fey A. O. Jones of this city that you
are thinking of buying a farm very soon. If so, we ask you to see us
at your earliest opportunity.
Yours truly,
94
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE
E. C. Stotts,
Everett, Wash.
Dear Sir: Last night the City-Council met and passed the following
resolutions :
(1) To put in a new cement sidewalk on Benson Street; (2)
that-the main street designated as Robert Street leading to the outskirts
of the city be paved, and (3) that-the neighborhood be lighted as-well-
as-the down town wards.
The council will meet again next Wednesday when anyone will-be
allowed to attend its meeting and offer suggestions. I hope to-see
you there.
Yours-truly, (88)
David Elliot,
Butte, Mont.
Dear Sir: Your letter dated June 14th received less-than half-an-hour
ago.
If you are going to sue the Hackett Stock Food Company, I advise-
that you retain-an able attorney. As you-know, I-shall-not-be-in-the city
at-the-time the court convenes, as it-is-necessary that I leave for Daven-
port this afternoon and I-shall-be away for sometime. I hope you-will-
be able to secure a good attorney, and when your-case is disposed of,
write and let me know how things turn out.
With best wishes for-vour success, I am
Very-truly, (109)
Byron & Stevens,
Lansing, Mich.
Dear Sirs : Our several letters sent you during-the past month in regard
to our elegant line of window shades, window screens, and screen doors,
either did-not reach you, or you-were too much occupied to-give the
subjects mentioned the consideration they should-have. We-take it
that this-is-the reason we-have-not received an answer to our letters.
We have made-the manufacture of shades and screens a study for
many years, and are making-a particular kind in either line that cannot-be
equalled elsewhere.
We desire to convince you of-this, and for-that reason we-are anx-
ious to receive a letter very-soon. If you-are-not in-a- position to buy our
goods now, we-beg-to-say to you that, if at any future time you wish to
consider the purchase of-them, we-shall-be ready to favor you.
We-will mail you a copy of our large catalogue, and give you all
particulars upon request.
Yours-truly, (174)
95
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE.
) t
^J \* -^
^y , v~ ^
<5~^ \
^L
c ^ij^ . /^\>a
^^
4-t
-2*
\ ^
W
^
^p^X/^ J ^"^^ ^ V,n ^ ^
W* v, HL^ ' y J ^^f<
-^
r^
u
Y
^a
^
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As G_
^L
U-- -~v» (o
^
°Y
J^L
N»J h
\y ru w^-" z^ 7
^>Hr
/^ ^s J ^s
^
!>-- ^/ Q— 2^— Z3 \ /
■^r
T7~
f u L iri^
^£-
-"t
^^
-^v
/L
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ZLC
/" x ft-v \ Vs n (q
\
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v^ , ^ .
_^
-V
Vy L — >■ r> )
t^V
^T
/ L . , r> N /°\ "^
\ * X V
-^
^1 v^ ^ ^
^X
1 "T ;
96
THE L HOOK STROKES
1. The sound of L blends with that of P, B, K, G, F, forming the
consonant combinations P1-, B1-, K1-, G1-, F1-. A vowel sound always
follows these blended or coalescent consonants.
2. The sound of L blended as above shown, is expressed by a small
initial hook on the right hand side of P, B and F, and on the upper side
of K and G. The S circle is written within the L hook on PI- and Kl-
for Spl- and Ski-.
3. These L hook strokes are used in all positions ; also initially, me-
dially and finally. They are formed half length to add T or D.
flounces
disclosed
v^ flown
\ spleen
\ splendid
_5b blended
<- '-^ claim
, ^ acclaim
c — n glance
A displaced
/ ~ reclined
■V
.applies
application
\ ^ obligation
S. appliances
Z\__ reply
.1 doubly
"V
supply
c^ 7 glycerine
\^ v plainness
y playhouse
/*~
blacken \ plenteous
Black Hand \ pliant
declaim
v— n blame
-\— . blanch
^ blandish
V~n blossom
t=^ clayey
^= e> _ glances
s — o client
fleshy
Flemish
r gluey
<— £ ~ glossary
aglows
_acclaims
^y florid
vJ*-~^ florescence
c afflictions
flagstone
replenish
clandestine
— ^
J "J decline
/^ replete
applaud
97
THE L HOOK STROKES CONTINUED
1. The L hook strokes may be written in First Position to express
the initial syllables am, em, im, om, um before PI- and Bl- ; and to ex-
press an, en, in, on, un before K1-, Gl- and F1-.
\
ply
imply
<^ apply
supplied
V^ blame
^~^ emblem
V^ ;
v-^ emblason
implicate
implement
clean
unclean
inclined
closed
enclosed
glazed
unglazed
2. The brief semi-circle which expresses ts, dz, may be employed
finally on the L hook strokes; or, the strokes may be formed half-length
with final S circle to express ts, dz. Words having a common outline,
as bleats and bleeds; fleets and floods, may be differentiated, where
deemed advisable, by employing the half-length principle for ts, and the
semi-circle for dz.
\
__ plot
plots
V plods
blot
So
_So_ blots
\> . bleeds
clot
clots
clods
glut
gluts
glades
3. The L hook strokes do not join facilely to medial circles, hooks
and loops. Therefore, a consonant stroke may be formed one-quarter
length to express al, el, il, ol, ul, after the sound of the shortened stroke,
where such syllables occur medially or finally after a circle, hook or loop.
The quarter-length B stroke modified by T hook expresses the ending
bility.
Nq possible
Nq possibility
^ visible
^p visibility
/*> risible
/<* risibility
_k<j__fusible
V^ fusibility
%-> plausible
< \o plausibility
UL , deducible
a can sable
ci Jesabel
JL hostile
>
physical
classical
musical
spindle
mental
/? rental
-*=^
\p Pistol
V spoonful
\^ peaceful
\. blissful
98
THE WIDE L HOOK
1. A wide initial hook on the right hand side of P, B, and on the
upper side of K and G, expresses al, el, il, ol, ul, immediately after the
sound of the stroke, thereby forming the syllables pal, pel, pil, pol, put;
bal, bel, bil, bol, bul; cal, kel, kil, col, cul; gal, gel, gil, gol, gul. These
syllabic strokes may be written in First Position to express the initial syl-
lables am, em, im, om, um, immediately before the sound of the strokes
P-l and B-l; and to express an, en, in, on, un, immediately before F-l,
K-l and G-l.
^.
pill
-^=-call
S — * callest
/ recall
<" f gulls
C , gulch
c^ gulf
/\ repel
y\ reply
J table
-^ — tablet
<\
<^/ chapels
^ wabble
~^ waffle
"^ quibble
ample
uncle
angle
angles
angled
uncalled
nickel
tickled
S
impelled
_^ ambled
2. A dotted wide initial hook on strokes F, M, N, Sh, Y, Qu, and an
undotted wide initial hook on the left hand side of Ray expresses al, el, il,
ol, ul immediately after the sound of the stroke, thereby forming the syl-
lables fal, fel, fil, fol, ful; mal, mel, mil, mol, mul; rial, nel, nil, nol, mil;
shal, shel, shil, shol, shul; yal, yel, yil, yol, yul; qual, quel, quil, quol;
ral, rel, ril, rol, rul.
I
film
l> — ^ filmy
filches
muffle
milk
camel
J.
±L
shells
rills
*
■^t
g J> knells
L funnel
\y / barrel
G~\ million
^r
mildew
bushel
yells
quells
B. 0. BAKER
LAWYER
AS, TEXAS
99
THE L HOOK AND THE L LOOP
1. A small initial hook written on the right hand side of T, D, Th,
V, Ch, J, H and Wh, expresses al, el, il, ol, ul, immediately after the
sound of the stroke, thereby forming the syllables tal, tel, til, tol, tul; dal,
del, dil, dol, did; thai, thel, thil, thol, thul; vol, vel, vil, vol, vul; chal, chel,
chil, chol, chid; jal, jel, jil, jol, jul; hal, hel, hil, hoi, hid; whal, whel,
whU, whul. These syllabic strokes are made half-length to add the sound
of T or D.
2. A short vowel sound always occurs between above named strokes
and L ; therefore, it is not necessary to widen the L hook on those strokes
to show the presence of the short vowel sound.
r
till
r
until
settle
r
r
tilt
J total
_L dull — L— chill n q evils
^~> metal — L_ devil ^- anvil
r addle V Bethel ^ helm
saddle / gill __L_ whelm
> spraddle hill ^ Mitchell
3. A large final loop on the concave side of curved strokes, and on
the Shun hook side of straight strokes, expresses L preceded by a vowel
sound. The vowel generally has the long sound. This L loop is used
where the L stroke does not form a facile joining. It may be used on
lengthened strokes also.
^
-fuel "-> f~ Newell ^- — rule ■ / \ — radial
^ vowel S-\- loyalty ^— real . -— ^ mutual
loyal -3 — wild J__ shoal /\, labial
) .dial ~^ quailed — *=> goal \y boreal
4. A quarter-length B stroke expresses the suffix &-/, -b-l, and it may
be used instead of the b-l stroke and hook where it forms a facile, an-
gular joining with the preceding stroke.
^_ iV _ enable ^- durable A. .affable
S^_ unable -**- durability >— **— nobility
100
WRITING EXERCISE
\> Bicycle, b-s-k-l
\ Appliances, -pi- -nses
Multiple, m-lt-p-l
Tweezers, tzv-s-rs
Q _ Fulfill, /-//-/
4;
Stimulus, st-m-l-s
Reserve r-s-rv
Ostensible, -st-ns- b-l
I
W~^s Fee-simple, f-s-mp-l
_ Settle, s-t-l
b
Potential, p-t-vsh-l
Vn _ Philosophy, f-l-s-fy
Satchel, s-ch-l
Substantial, s-bst-nsh-l
Affability, -f-bility
A Desirability, d-s-r-bility
\p Pistol, p-st-l
y Beheld, b-h-ld
s^-q^ Miserable, m-s-r-b-l
Uncleansed, unkl-nsd
Accident, -ks-d-nt
Sensible, s-ns-b-l
g— <" Glycerine, gl-s-r-n
^ Fiscal, f-sk-l
So- Physical, f-s-k-l
— 1 Gangway, g-ngzva
^ -- Obsequies, -bs-qu-s
^} Specialist, sp-sh-l-st
«-■■ * Glisten, gl-s-n
Synopsis, s-n-ps-s
f /? Allentown, -l-ntown
1^. Ashland, -shl-nd
^^ — q_ Knoxville, N-ksv-l
Danville, D-nv-l
Eau Claire, Okl-r
Chelsea, Ch-ls--
I
K^ Delaware, D-l-w-r
Vo Tallahassee, T-l-h-s-
-r
^-7> Mississippi, M-s-s-p-
Missouri, M-s-r-
Austin, Aust-n
_ Helena, H-l-n-
J
WRITING EXERCISE
101
play, pl-
plea, pl-
plow, pl-
plays, pl-s
please, pl-s
pleased, pl-sd
places, pl-ses
pleases, pl-ses
played, pl-d
plowed, pl-d
pleat, pl-t
plates, pl-ts
pleads, pl-ds
pleats, pl-ts
plain, pl-n
plains, pl-ns
planned, pl-nd
plants, pl-nts
ply, pl-
imply, impl-
apply, -pl-
supply, s-pl-
applies, -pl-s
implies, impl-s
implied, impl-d
supplies, s-pl-s
supplied, s-pl-d
applied, -pl-d
application, -pl-k-shun
appliance, -pi- -ns
appliances, -pi- -nses
applaud, -pl-d
applauds, -pl-ds
blaze, bl-s
blows, bl-s
blazed, bl-sd
blast, bl-st
blazes, bl-ses
bluffs, bl-fs
blacken, bl-k-n
blameless, bl-ml-s
blemish, bl-m-sh
blade, bl-d
blowed, bl-d
bleat, bl-t
bleats, bl-ts
blots, bl-ts
blend, bl-nd
blunt, bl-nt
blinds, bl-nds
cleave, kl-v
cleft, kl-ft
clays, kl-s
clues, kl-s
classed, kl-sd
closed, kl-sd
classy, kl-sy
classes, kl-ses
closes, kl-ses
clad, kl-d
cleat, kl-t
clod, kl-d
cloud, kl-d
clouds, kl-ds
cleats, kl-ts
clots, kl-ts
clods, kl-ds
cloyed, kl-d
clean, kl-n
clown, kl-n
cleans, kl-ns
cleanse, kl-ns
cleansed; kl-nsd
cleaned, kl-nd
cling, kl-ng
clings, kl-ngs
unclean, unkl-n
uncleaned, unkl-nd
uncleansed, unkl-nsd
unclassed, unkl-sd
unclosed, unkl-sd
encloses, enkl-ses
inclement, inkl-m-nt
acclimate, -kl-m-t
glee, gl-
glow, gl-
clue, kl-
glaze, gl-s
glass, gl-s
glows, gl-s
glues, gl-s
glazed, gl-sd
glasses, gl-ses
glosses, gl-ses
glad, gl-d
glowed, gl-d
gloats, gl-ts
glove, gl-v
glades, gl-ds
gleans, gl-ns
gleaned, gl-nd
unglazed, un gl-sd
ungleaned, ungl-nd
agglutinize, -gl-t-n-s
flay, //-
flays, fl-s
flees, fl-s
fleeced, fl-sd
fleecy, fl-sy
fleeces, fl-ses
flown, fl-n
flute, fl-t
unflown, unfl-n
inflows, infl-s
flaunt, fl-nt
flaunted, fl-nt-d
afloat, -//-/
floats, fl-ts
a floats, -fl-ts
flame, fl-m
aflame, -fl-m
inflame, infl-m
flounces, fl-nses
flint, fl-nt
flints, fl-nts
flayed, fl-d
102
WRITING EXERCISE
reply, r-pl~
focal, f-k-l
plane, pl-n
photoplay, f-t-pla
admissible, -dm-a-b-l
platinum, pl-t-n-m
affability, -/-fciliiu
clandestine, fyl-ndrsi-n
squirrel, squ-r-l
glimpse, gl-mps
bevel, b-V-l
implement, -mpl-m-nt
metal, m-t-l
desirability,
ladle, l-d-l
level, l-v-l
pistol, p-sl-l
rifle, r-f-l
scaffold, sfy-f-ld
buckle, b-k-l
saddle, s-d-l
resemblance,
divisible, d-V-s-b-l
identical, id-nl-l(-l
plausible, pl-s-b-l
miserable, m-s-r-b-l
scandal, s^-nd-l
replenish, r-pl-n-th
cleanse, £/-ns
uncleansed, -n\l-nsd
inclement, -n£/-m-ni
tunnel, l-n-l
affable, -f-b-l
disability, d-s-bility
muffle, m-f-l
goggles, g-g-ls
plated, pl-ted
sensible, s-ns-b-l
negligence, n-gl-j-ns
glycerine, gl-s-r-n
hostile, h-sl-l
muffler, m-fl-r
diploma, d-pl-m-
label, l-b-l
suppliant, s-pl--nt
plentiful, pl-nt-f-I
client, \l—nt
libel, l-b-l
develop, d-V-l-p
specialty, sp-sh-liy
mental, m-nl-l
musical, m-j-£-/
fiscal, f-sk-l
glossary, gl-t-ry
appliances, -pl—nt-s
chaplain, ch-pl-n
settlement, s-t-lm-nt
symbol, s-mb-l
monoplane, m-n-pl-n
florid, fl-r-d
multiple, m-ll-p-l
tableau, (-bio
channel, ch-n-l
tweezers, Iv-s-rs
chattel, ch-i-l
fulfil, /-//-/
until, -nl-l
tackle, l-k-l
rival, r-v-l
reciprocal, r-s-pr-k-l
special, sp-sh-l
rivals, r-v-ls
bleached, bl-cht
cannibal, fc-n-i-/
blaspheme, bl-sf-tn
gable, g-b-l
tillable, l-l-b-l
replete, r-pl-l
capital, b>-p-t-l
bludgeon, bl-j-n
byplane, b-pl-n
glazed, gl-sd
ostensible, -st-ns-b-l
beveling, b-v-ling
supplement, s-pl-m-nl
loyalty, l»lty
fee-simple, f-s-mp-l
till, t-l
settle, s-l-l
potential, p-i-mh-l
legible, l-j-b-l
reptile, r-pt-l
dispel, d-sp-l
philosophy, f-l-s-fy
cloak, fc/-fc
pinnacle, p-n-h^-l
satchel, s-ch-l
flimsy, fl-msy
substantial,
guilty, g-lfy
plenteous, pl-nl—s
fickle, f-k-l
needle, n-d-l
repel, r-p-l
pugnacious, p-gn-sh-s
gangway, g-ngwa
plateau, pi- to
bicycle, b-t-\-l
refusal, r-f-s-l
nautical, n-t-l(-l
obsequies, -bs-qu-s
mosquito, m-sl^-to
acclimate, -1%1-m-l
specialist, sp-ih-l-tt
local, l-k-l
glisten, gl-s-n
regal, T-g-l
acquittal, -qu-l-l
clemency, \l-m-my
comical, fc-m-fc-/
clematis, l(l-m-t-$
burial, b-r—l
vital, v-t-l
physical, f-s-k-1
classical, £/-s-£-/
waybill, m-b-l
deacon, d-£-n
valentine, v-l-nl-n
stimulus, st-m-l-s
synopsis, s-n-ps-s
merino, m-r-no
definition, d-f-n-shun
CITIES.
Akron, -£r-n
Allentown, -l-nlown
Altoona, -li-n- '
Asheville, -shv-l
Alemeda, -l-m-d-
Alton, -li-n
Appleton, -p-ll-n
Ashland, -shl-nd
Ashtabula, -sht-b-l-
Atlantic City,
Belleville, B-lv-l
Buffalo, B-f-lo
Cadillac, k-d-l-k
Canton, £-n/-n
Chicopee, C/i-^-pe
Cleveland, £/-v/-nd
Council Bluffs,
Dallas, D-l-s
Danville, D-nv-l
Decatur, D-1(-l-r
Duluth, D-l-lh
Eau Claire, OKl-r
Elizabeth, El-s-b-th
Findlay, F-ndla
Fond du Lac, F-nd-l-lf
Hoboken, H-b-^-n
Ithaca, -th-k-
Jamestown, J-msiorvn
Joplin, J-pl-n
WRITING EXERCISE
103
Kalamazoo, K-l-m-z-
Laredo, L-r-do
Lebanon, L-b-n-n
Lexington, L-^s-ngt-n
Atchison, -ch-s-n
Aurora, Aur-r-
Binghamton, B-ngh-mt-n
Cairo, K-ro
Camden, K-md-n
Chelsea, CA-is —
Cincinnati, S-ns-n-t-
Clinton, Kl-nl-n
Covington, K-V-ngl-n
Danbury, D-nb-ry
Dayton, D-t-n
Dubuque, D-b-fy
Easton, Ett-n
Elgin, -Ij-n
Everett, -v-r-t
Flint, Fl-nt
Galveston, C-h-st-n
Houston, H-sl-n
Jackson, J-\s-n
Joliet, J-l-l
Kingston, K-ngxt-ri
Knoxville, N-fav-l
Lawrence, L-r-ns
Lewiston, L—sl-n
Loraine, L-r-n
Alabama, -l-b-m-
Arkansas, -r£-ns-s
Delaware, D-l-to-r
Idaho, Id-h-
Kentucky, K-nl-ky
Michigan, M-sh-g-n
Mississippi, M-s-s-p-
Phoenix, F-n-^t
Tallahassee, T-l-h-s-
Topeka, T-p-fy-
Annapolis, -n-p-l-s
Jackson, ]-\s-n
Lincoln, L-ng\-n
Tennessee, T-n-s-
Utah, Ut-
Richmond, R-chm-nd
Belfast, B-lf-st
Spain, Sp-n
Glasgow, Cl-sgo
Belgium, B-lj—m
Lisbon, L-sb-n
Moscow, M-slf-
Japan, J-p-n
Vienna, V— n-
Russia, R-sh-
Alaska, -l-sk-
Colorado, K-l-r-d-
Florida, Fl-r-d-
Kansas, K-ns-s
Maine, M-n
Minnesota, M-n-s-t-
Missouri, M-s-r-
Denver, D-nv-r
Atlanta, -ll-ni-
Augusta, Aug-st-
Boston, B-st-n
Helena, H-l-n-
Oregon, -r-g-n
Texas, T-fys-s
Austin, Aust-n
Madison, M-d-s-n
Bombay, B-mb-
Ireland, Irl-nd
Havana, H-v-n-
Cuba, Qub-
Milan, M-l-n
Naples, N-p-ls
Odessa, Od-s-
Warsaw, W-rs-
THE ONE THOUSAND MOST FREQUENTLY USED WORDS
Fifth Installment.
application
clear
finally
official
special
awful
close
full
only
spell
beautiful
clothing
flight
play
still
bill
club
flower
place
supply
block
collect
glad
pleasant
table
blow
declare
held
plan
tell
blue
develop
include
plant
terrible
build
especially
kill
political
total
built
fell
little
possible
until
call
fell
local
railroad
unable
class
fill
nearly
reply
usual
clean
final
o'clock
school
volume
104
/
However
9
. Howsoever
a Whatever
4- — Whatsoever
cs Wherever
c/^- Wheresoever
Whithersoever
* Whoever
_g Whosoever
4 Whomsoever
/ Whenever
^ Whensoever
Whichever
Whichsoever
i-
N^ Behave
\^ Behaved
J Differ
J Differed
_ld Different-ly
p-- Di f f erence
_1 .Out of
CONTRACTIONS.
-^ Out of the
., Set forth
_£ Set off
/\> . Representative
Subjective
^>
Subjection
Jj Thank-ed
Significance
Significant
Signify
^ Somehow
^ Somewhat
Meantime
^7
Meanwhile
Republic
\q Behest
^L Behindhand
\ Behold
v
Beholden
_Any how
In his
^T
"T
1
r
-^
Length
Lengthen
In his own
In the way
.Some
Something
Somebody
Some where
Some one
Everything
Everybody
Everywhere
, Every one
— + Nothing
^ ^ Nobody
^/ Nowhere
_2 No one
^"T. Anything
Anybody
Anywhere
Anv one
105
CONTRACTIONS. SENTENCE WRITING
f
; i win
He will
2, She will
_ It will
~ We will
You will
_ They will
f Who will
Which will
/
What will
s How will
/ Why will
r JP Where will
^/? There will
f° We will see
r /^> Yon will see
^ They will see
6 Who will see
_qJ She will see
^\ I will be
_ I will do
^
^\ I will have been
*\, Believe
S^ Believed
N& Unbelief-ved
_£ Deliver-ed
J^ Deliverance
England
English
Children
Capable
Capability
Challenge
Circumstance
P Circumstances
J Circumstantial
No Express
>> Expressed
No Expression
\_ Expressive
[ Generation
/{j Regeneration
_z
Degeneration
Generalize
J Generalization
sn Health-y
.Healthful-ly
Suggestion
. Satisfy
Satisfaction
Overtake
\ _ Overtaken
_ 7 Overcharge
r Oversight
T Overstate
^ Override
4
C
,Over one
Outrun
X Outbid
Outrage
f
, Outside
.Outline
Outreach
106
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE
The Golden Gulch Clay Company,
Klamath Falls, Oregon.
Dear Sirs: We-are selling-the national flags of all-the allied na-
tions on-the globe. I-suppose-that you-have just-received-the small
English flags that we sent you as samples.
A-few-days-ago, we received-a wire as-follows : "We-are-pleased
to express satisfaction over-the beautiful flags that your company sold
us a week ago. We-wish to suggest that you offer to sell and deliver
these flags to every large firm in-the county. We believe that every
home should-have-a flag, and-that every business house should carry
them for-sale."
This message was sent by-the Young Peoples Aid Association of the
United-States, whose offices are in-the Kilsing Bldg., New-York-City.
May our representative call on you, or on some-one in authority
in-your-company, and talk over-the matter in detail?
Very-truly,
Mr. Gilbert Melville,
Galveston, Texas.
Dear Sir: Replying to your letter of the 18th inst., would-say that
I-have known Clifford Nelson since he-was-a little boy. I-have always
found him honest and faithful in everything, and accurate in all his
work. He-did-a good-deal of the technical legal work for-us, as he-has
rare knowledge of everything in-the legal line, and I-think he-can
handle almost any case.
I-shall feel very-much pleased if my influence will help young
Nelson to secure a position in-your office. With best wishes,
Yours-truly,
Mr. Lionel Pillsbury Fletcher,
Calumet, Mich.
Dear Sir: I-am writing you regarding Walton Bonnell, the black-
smith of Glencoe, who-was in-an accident while repairing a plough
for-a man named Mitchell.
A splinter or a spill fell on-the iron, and Bonnell was obliged to-
take it off so-that he-could-see clearly. In doing so, he fell on a red
hot iron and was struck almost blind by-the heat. Bonnell's left
ankle was burned quite badly, also. Dr. Randall is now applying-a
fluid, possibly glycerine, to-his ankle, and-it-seems to help consider-
ably.
In-this-case, I-think he-should receive-a large sick benefit. Mitchell
cannot-be held, as he-is blameless. What-is-your opinion about it?
Write me at-once and let me know.
Very-truly,
107
WRITING EXERCISE
' T ^
,^-C v— g>
"V
X *L*
"t
•-^^
^a_L
^
^r
. ^ f ^ \. V-^ £_ r
y . i ry ^ N = 1 . ^ P 2» ^ / I ■S SJ
- ^ v. U ^- < ^>
i_>c
C.
^
) ^ "^ '^ ^ . ^
r^
£
s — ^ -^ P x
^r
3_J
H
"V
Qfi-v
r^
JV.
t
7
Ac_
<L
/-
T
/
V^-V
V.
>> v '^ ^
^V=
^T
•^^ ^IXW Y
~ *0 V*
c^
XL
"^V^
— ^
-^2^
^-V
In^I
f^r
JLi
/
^?-=^
T^V
9 )
1
^
108
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE
Mr. Ralph Gladstone,
Laurel, Delaware.
Dear Sir: We-have decided to lengthen the hours for our adult
workers. It-will make but little difference to-them ; but as-the child
labor law becomes effective next week, we-shall-have to dismiss all
the children, although they are very capable in their work and-have
challenged anyone to keep up with-them.
It-is-necessary that we call a meeting at-once and notify all our
workers of the change. The salaries will-be raised accordingly.
Yours-truly,
Mr. Abel Belmont,
Milwaukee, Wis.
Dear Sir: Will you please advise me about Clifford Nelson? He-
is applying for-the position of clerk in-my law office, and-has referred
me to you. I-have had an interview with him and he seems-to be well
educated and very clever; still I should like to-have you tell me just
what-you know and think about-the boy.
Yours-truly,
Mr. Wilbur Talcott,
Belle Plaine, Iowa.
Dear Sir : As my clerk will-be away most of the time this month,
I-wish you-would help me out in-the meantime.
Claudius Gillman's case will-be-called first, so I-will-give you some
points on-the-subject :
Not-a long-time-ago, the plaintiff, Claudius Gillman, and-the de-
fendant, Rubel Wycliffe, lived in different towns. The defendant was
then in-the implement business, and employed the plaintiff to-do work
for him in-one of the New England states — I-think it was Maine.
At-the suggestion of the defendant, the plaintiff delivered damaged
goods, and knowing this, swore that-they were perfect. Now, the
parties who bought the implements are suing Gillman, and he, in
turn, is suing his former employer. But, all-men-are responsible for
their-own actions, so it-may-not-be-an easy matter for Gillman to win.
Let me know if you-will help me out in-this-case.
Yours-truly,
Mr. Hillman O'Donnell,
Carrollton, Tenn.
Dear Sir : Your stenographer, Miss Florence Milton, called at our
office to-day. She declared that-your company sent-us-the clam shells
the Delaware people found, and which are considered very valuable
on-account of the pearls which are found in some of-them.
It-seems strange that we never received-the shells. However, it-
is-possible that they are still on-the road. As-soon-as we receive-the
shells, we-will send you check for same.
Yours-truly,
109
LETTER WRITING EXERCISE.
t ^ K iih
^u
J — } — 1__^.
£
^Tr
<:
J h-> > / _JL_L
r
^
/I
_* dL.
3^^L
) ■ /
V
^ ^ V
Jt
v X» N
^
cn >K
^T
*
S-
T^sTY
LC
-r^
(^ ^
/ \
v.
v ^
I ^s
U.
-»- > ( - wV ^I- S V
^ ^
. I 3
[ -— l ' ! / V r S ^ 6 ^ f c x ^— .^.\~ / \S~»
: Y
J ° ) ° ^^
^
v. ^ _g>
r^ . r*
^ ^ /"\
(q f3
+
A,
^-^-1 U V
t
i^i
n
^ r ^i
i_<L
j2^
-=^
^=Y
V
^
^r
^
i
**
/U ^ V X o7
c
Q o ,s^ 3 /T~ r) n L ^ — cr\ r . y
110
CONTRACTIONS. PHRASE AND SENTENCE WRITING.
V By our own
c Call upon us
.Call attention
A:
-V
He should be
He should have
/k
LI .Day by day
L Day to day
L Day after day _^£_
1^- Did not ^~k
Vp Faster than
u First place
W^ 7 First rate
\*> First time
_^ For all
\q_ y . For his own
. F. O. B.
r^ c. o. d.
Good deal
t)
. Had been done
J . Had not
I have his
_f__Hour by hour
How soon is it
How does the
am in receipt
know this is
suppose that
wish to be
wish to go
wish to see
_lf you were the
^
-^
o
_Q_
__Is his, his is
_As has, has as
,/y Just received
_7___Just such a case
TZ
A^
He was the
How is this
I shall be
I shall see
If such is
, "~tN If these are
_It is said
It is best
~Most likely
_As it was
As follows
v^° All alone
-^v
■^c-
Long time ago
P~° May as well as
,S May be able- to do
I advise
At
SP I am certain
ft
Most of the time
t
ft
All men are
By wire
Days ago
Few days ago
Hundred dollars
Weeks ago
For this month
For said purpose
oi On the subject i^ For sale
Ill
THE USES OF THE R STROKES
1. The R stroke is formed half-length to add T or D.
L .dared V fired , — -_ mired
N»_ .bared
spared
/ cheered
A.
hired
^ smeared
2. The R stroke is used initially before M, Sm or S-m
V-> .room ^N^~^ romp ~>-\ resume
.roomy ^"V— >, rumble ~ V^ resemblance
3. The few initial syllables ash, esh, ish, osh, ush, must be expressed
by the Sh stroke written downward in Third Position.
ashore
■t
ashamed }<*=> Ashland — -J- — ashen
4. The R stroke used initially does not form a facile joining with
the alphabetic strokes other than L, M, K and G. Therefore, the upward
form of Sh stroke in Third Position is used to express initial ar, er, ir, or,
ur, before all alphabetic strokes except L and M , and in some cases K
and G. This stroke is termed the upward R stroke.
>
arm
army
early
earliest
armada
arrange
armful
archway
v urgent
a ardency
arduous
earnest
7
oranges
y\. artisan
_^i. artesian
.urban
A
ornament
argosy
^/k> irreducible
a/ arterial
.Arizona
irresistible
Arness
=4
-^-
arson
The student should give special attention to the instructions in
paragraph 4. If the sound of L or M follows the initial sound of -r,
the downward -r stroke should be written; if -r is followed by
k or g, the student writer may use either -r stroke, preference to be
given to the upward form, however,generally.
The upward -r stroke may be written in Fourth Position to ex-
press sor, ser, sir, sor, sur, cer before strokes T, D, Ch, J, F, V, and N.
112
ILLUSTRATIONS OF COALESCENT R
1. The sound of R blends or coalesces with that of P, B, T, D, K,
G, F, Th and Sh, thereby forming the coalescent combinations Pr-, Br-,
Tr-, Dr-, Kr-, Gr-, Fr-, Thr-, Shr-. A vowel sound always follows
these blended or coalescent consonants.
2. The sound of R, blended as above shown, is expressed by a
small initial hook on the under side of K and G, and on the left hand
side of P, B, T, D, Sh, F and Th.
3. S and R (Sr) does not blend or coalesce, and W is silent in the
combination Wr-. Therefore, we employ the S and W forms of strokes
with small initial hook to represent Thr- and Fr-, thereby keeping the
hooks on the left hand and concave side of all the strokes above named.
The Shr- stroke must be written upward.
^\ — .shrub
y\t — repress
f
atrocity
-mattress
_L depressed \ — abreast
L debris ^ rnhra
/\ redress
acrostic
4. The R hook strokes may be written in First Position to express
the initial syllables am, em, im, om, um before Pr-, and Br- ; and to ex-
press an, en, in, on, un before Tr-, Dr-, Kr-, Gr-, Fr- and Thr-.
_V
X
— press
.impress
* \ , oppress
suppress
JV
X
"V
.brace
.embrace
.dressed
undressed
.crust
encrust
.grave
^engrave
IL
impression
encroach
j imprudent
, incrustate
5. These R hook strokes may be formed half-length to add T or D.
The method of distinguishing between final is, and dz, set forth in para-
graph 2, page 87, may be employed with these coalescent R strokes
also.
-^ prayed
_f^ bright
\
I
treats
-trods
-crates
.creeds
_^_
frets
frauds
113
PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE USES OF R HOOKS
1. A small initial hook on the left-hand side of Ch, J, H, Wh, Y, V,
and on Sh stroke written downward; and on the concave side of M and
N expresses ar, er, ir, or, ur immediately after the sound of the stroke,
thereby expressing the syllables char, cher, chir, chor, chur; jar, jer, jir,
jor, jur; har, her, hir, hor, hur; whar, wher, whir, whor, whur; yar, yer,
yir, yor, yur; var, ver, vir, vor, vur; shar, sher, shir, shor, shir; mar, mer,
mir, mor, mur; nar, ner, nir, nor, nur, respectively.
2. The V-r stroke takes the form of Qu- stroke with initial hook,
in order that the R hook may be formed on the left hand side of all ver-
tical and inclined strokes. The V-r stroke may be written in First Po-
sition to express an, en, in, on, un immediately preceding the sound of
V-r. The V stroke, with small initial hook, must be used to express V-l,
as already set forth.
J-
harpoon J sherbet
whirl / shirking
/0 lawyer ^S" shreds
-±
J^L
vermin
verse
c^V shrive
sheriff
<r ^~ inversely /^ reverse
mortgage i adverse
shriek
shirk
treasure
measure
leisure
seizure
closure
enclosure
5
V/ beshrew
J sharpens
\ pleasure
pressure
normal
3. The initial syllables ax, ex, ix, ox, ux, and ac, as in accept, acci-
dent, etc., are expressed by the Ray form of stroke in Third Position.
This Ex stroke may be modified by the L and R hooks. A short vowel
sound is indicated between the Ex stroke and the L or R hook.
^-
ax
7
^- — axis
^_ exist
exalt
exception
accept
/° excellence ^ exert
y^ excellent
y\ accident
? excels
-°*c
exaltation
expense
exercise
exaction
exorcism
114
ILLUSTRATIONS OF COALESCENT R
c \^ c bracelet
J\ bravely
*\w_o brazenness
t Ny, breastplate
* \/ breastwork
V.
^\
bridecake
bridegroom
.bridesmaid
bridewell
briefly
-brindled
bristle
broadax
broadcloth
broadside
-bronchial
-browbeat
-brown study
-brushwood
-cranberry
t — Q ? craziness
~ > creation
V
J^
^
*
.dripping
-drizzle
t — -^ — -dromedary
Iq_j? drowsiness
c ^_°>
fractional
fractious
fragmentary
._ p^, crystallization "\
4r
V
%
.drabble
.dragnet
drawbridge
dreadful
dreadfully
drench
115
ILLUSTRATIONS OF COALESCENT R
^
±
>
?
rv
. friary
friendliness
Franciscan
_ friendship
_ frightful
_ frightfully
_ frigid
= frisky
_ frontage
_ frontier
_ frontlet
— frostwork
frothy
froward
frozen
frock
frugality
fruitage
fruition
V^ _ fruitless
frustration
frustrum
r^*>
"=J
-^
~t
^
^1
v^
¥
> /? !
■v
=r
frosts
grand jury
grandsire
grandson
graphic
grasshopper
grassplot
gratuity
greatness
Grecian
greedily
greenroom
^ greensward
gruesome f \ x ^f
greyhound
grange
grievous
grimalkin
grindstone
grocer
grocery
groundless
-groundwork
\<~
*\7
yzz
^
x
-1
-T 8 -
X
V
gruel
precautionary
precedent
^preceptress
precipice
precipitation
preclusive
precocity
predecessor
predisposition
pre-empt
pre-exist
pre-existence
preference
prefix
prejudge
prelate
premeditation
preoccupy
preordain
presuppose
I
116
THE COALESCENT R
^Z
^
T
preparation
.prepare
-No procedure J
\ -» procreate 3-->>
\ => procreate
\\ preponderance *X procure
' N \^ preposition ' V, » prodigy
professor
^a
prepossess
\/ ^ prerogative
Presbyterian
prescribe
prescription
pressman
presumably
pretension
pretentious t
yV priesthood
primordial
°\^~ U princely
°\ principal
^V=^ P rism
\/l _priority
probate
problem
"^q proboscis
^
1
proficiency
profligate
propensity
shrewdly
.shrewdness
.shrewish
.shrill
.shrimp
^yV. shrive
e ^A shroud
^y -* shrieking
t _y shrilly
threadbare
threescore
threshold
throb
throng
It
V
throttle
tradesman
.tradition
L=^_traffic
tramway
treacherous
V^ treatment
\ treaty
1 treble
trebly
tribunal
trustworthy
triplicity
4
H
i
^
triumph
triune
trousers
truism
trunnion
U— *v trumpet
troublesome
trudging
[ > — trunk
9
WRITING EXERCISE
117
bracelet
Charlie
precocity
creature
craziness
shrub
crosswise
fragrance
dreadful
thrifty .
broadside
croton-oil
fractious
cruelly
fratricide
frothiness
freshly
drizzle
freshness
grandsire
frontlet
frailty
trisyllabic
gravitation
grateful
hard
bridewell
grievance
prefix
shirk
bronchial
predispose
prepaid
shriek
greatness
premium
priority
shreds
grievously
shrewdly
prodigy
chart
primeval
threescore
shrink
charts
profligate
friendliness
treasury
shorts
threshold
brazenness
triplicity
nature
tram-road
crystallization
brachial
pasture
triumph
shrewdness
create
prepay
browbeat
frowardness
fragile
proceed
fragrantly
preciseness
frigid
bravely
frolicsome
predisposition
fruitage
reverse
grimalkin
premeditation
gratuity
pressure
precision
prescriptive
gridiron
measure
prepense
predominate
shrivel'
closure
crescent
preliminary
treaty
frontage
criticism
fragmentary
brasier
fructify
freehold
fraudulent
fruitful
teacher
pressman
prescription
prepare
lecture
primordial
proficiency
problem
German
proclivity
groundwork
fretful
Germany
propensity
precipitation
shrew
harmony
shrewish
crimination
probate
lawyer
tram-way
broadcloth
prattle
crustily
adversely
bridegroom
fruitless
dreamer
precipice
cross-examine
Grecian
critically
predecessor
frankincense
freckly
freckle
prejudge
frightfully
friary
fretfully
preparation
preceptress
cruciate
fruition
prescribe
Presbyterian
drabble
grandson
pri ma-donna
threadbare
dripping
diverse
professor
priesthood
credibly
diversely
shrinkage
crustaceous
criticise
backyard
threepence
dreadfully
crucial
enclosure
treatment
frost-work
frisket
frugality
trisyllable
grand jury
gruel
grandeur
braggadocio
groundless
briefly
grossness
brochure
creation
118
STROKES MAY BE SHORTENED TO ADD R
1. All the strokes of the Consonant Alphabet may be formed. half-
length to add ar, er, ir, or, ur t — the vowel having the short sound. But
the R-hook forms for ch-r, j-r, m-r, n-r, sh-r and y-r, should be employed
initially in all words; and medially and finally also where they form a
facile joining. All other half-length strokes are used initially, medially
and finally in all positions.
J == __ drake
J=™^ dark
? edger
' turkey
rumor
upper
honor
^ usher
j_. tinner
^ alert
V dealer
/^ reaper
2. Strokes M and N formed half-length may be used mediaHy and
finally where the R hook on M and N does not form a facile joining; but,
they must be dotted to distinguish them from M and N strokes shortened
to add T.
L.
-fr
dimmer
customer
\^
partner
Gardner
charmer
-murmur .
shriner
damper
3. Above half-length strokes may be written in First Position to
express the initial syllables am, em, im, om, urn before P and B, and an,
en, in, on, un before any other half-length stroke.
_^l important
^° embrace
__ under
r
inverse
interne
No
embers
v^-^
aimer
unlearned
1
undergo
enter
k
interest
inform
v^
informer
import
■w.
infer
\T
unguarded
endorsed
undermine
embargoes
underlined
119
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE HALF-LENGTH STROKES
\y^ barbarian
\/ barbarism
V barbecue
^
t
=1
X
1 ^ darksome
J darn
^ darnel
bard
barnacle
birthplace
border
burglar
burnt
carbon
carnally
i,_
■V
darts
_far-fetched
.farm
.farmer
.farther
farthing
.fervency
v^ first
\^— * fortnight
v fortune
\s forward
furlough
furnace
furnish
furtive
garden
guardian
gormandize
T"
T
. gurgle
hard
_ harden
__ hardihood
^_ hardly
7
l ^- 9 hardness
7
I
7
A> harmful
_^ harper
harpy
harvest
harken
4
Hl_ hermitage
__/ ^ horticulture
L
_S. darkness
garniture
120
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE HALF-LENGTH STROKES
/X. larboard
^ lord
• lnrk
marble
.^— s marginal
_mark
~T
margins
g~-vp marshal
er^y marshy
^ mart
marvelous
^7
-£=^ merciful
g-^ murder
_s— ^ nerves
.nervous
^7
t
J ~tr
T
north
northern
northeast
northward
«^ o^ nursery
c, a nursling
t f nurture
^ o niirsp
N^ a. -parsnip
^~ parsley
partial
participle
^y — partnership
i
V.
\
parts
u percentage
.perceptive
.percussion
.perdition
^
\ . perfidious
\ performer
y pernicious
Q-7
V perpetrate
V perpetration
-V perplex
— perquisite
persecute
- ^P ,o perseverance
ND persistence
\^ personage
>^, personal
^ persecution
\l^* personify
perspective
.perspicuous
pertinence
\ perversity
-As
t;
\jwi / perfunctory
appertain
\^~p permissive
^-^permissible V^_p
portable
portfolio
\p _ pursuit
^ pursuer
pursuance
sardines
serpent
Y^- 9 surliness
121
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE HALF-LENGTH STROKES
~7 anchorage
f unfurl
unforged
Sc^s
3_ unforgotten
^ unforgiven
infirmity
infirmary
— in for the
— unfermented
— intercepted
y* — unfertilized
_z! unfurled
^
-^ offer
A^ offered
surname
unforeseen
un foreknown
unfortunate — L_
-J- enlargement ^~>
s
v= ever
. keeper
/^ robber
^ wiper
k^ stopper
" _; snapper
\ sweeper
— ^_ neighbor
_ garter
^1 later
/* leader
^S\ shutter
_ whiter
madder
nadir
itcher
-V-pi
/ / ledger
loafer
^k
>
1
vernacular
1^
other
.shaker
122
PHRASE AND SENTENCE WRITING
„ Because there is
~^~1 nothing
i t Before no other
.Before or since
V pest recollection
y Best of your
' recollection
v Further than,
~ C for their own
Call your attention
^H From time to time
^ II From day to day
2^_ From hour to hour
"^ nr> From year to year
"^/Z From house to house
"^s^ From place to place
v^ For my own part
For the purpose
of their
For the purposes of
-^
f Great while ago
Greater or less
Great part of
Had there been
We had therefore
^ Ought to have been
Season of the year
Send us by return mail
^t;
Ten thousand dollars
-^r-Four thousand dollars
— ^-To all of those
— ^- Of all that I am
"^7
§-We are very glad
We shall be glad
Week after next
-- "^V^u Yon should not have
s~5
I am glad to see
As low as possible
And as there is
And as there has been
Should there, the other
. But the other one
Any other one
v^w (^ — Any statement
— ^==r — Anv part of their
^
As there is no other
123
PHRASE AND SENTENCE WRITING
-On or after
X)n our account
6 Onre in a while
Ax Once or twice
^ ..One of our
J One of the
One or both
^
Some way
yy To receive
x To sell
d To-night
Toward the
.That that
^ All in all
^ All around
I am elad
!_I am pleased
-Are there
-^- There are
°-^ — As a rule
J= All there is
M,
I will do it
.Month by month
Now and then
" Over and over
XI, Recent date
.Up and down
.Up-to-date
I
//W You will find
h b Ynn will do so
.5^ You are to be
2-
oJ
JU
.You are to go
.You are to see
.You are to get
We have to be
^-Qs In season
^~Q-^ In a season
< ~- q -d In seeking
^-* 2 — => In a second
-*? In the case of
< —^\ In well doing
.In a few days
124
PHRASE AND SENTENCE WRITING
.About how far
About how long
About how soon
After all
After business
V-
>^
■»■*—
^"V Always there
Among all
/ Among all there
Among its
^^~a Among these
■tr
.At or near
^
At your service
AZ — Bear in mind — \^\> By your orders
=f Because there —4 Certain extent
^ CL Any statement
Are all
fd As little as
/(I As lately as
At all times
_At all events
f At last
At least
Before or after
^
Bill of sale
VT1 Bill of lading
Jj
H"
\
S
t
i , Before another
X Better than
c — . Greater than
c~^ More than
-/. Each of which
■i
.Each other
Each week
\ Eastern states
.No more than '"V ^ From all other
\ By their own
\l By virtue of
"V By your own
_y^ J Carloads
Dear Sir
My dear Sir
L — ^ Dear Mother
L Dear Father
Dear Friend
Dear Brother
^
-7-
One or two
Two or three
.Three or four
.Four or five
Five or six
Six or seven
Seven or eight
v -- ) ^_j? Eight or nine
I o^ Dear Cousin
1 Dear Aunt
_h Dear Sister
J Nine or ten
For another
-^ For my part
Further orders
Great extent
125
PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE USES OF R HOOKS
1. A wide initial hook on the left-hand side of P, B, T, D, and 017
the under side of K and G expresses ar, er, ir, or, ur, immediately after
the sound of the stroke, where such strokes are used medially and finally.
These syllabic strokes are made half length to add the sound of either
T or D.
2. Above strokes modified by the wide initial hook are used in both
the Second and Third Positions; but, when thus used, the wide initial
hook expresses the initial syllables am, em, im, om, urn, before P and B ;
and the initial syllables an, en, in, on, un, before T, D, K and G.
3. To change an initial -m hook to an -n hook, insert a dot within
the hook.
X
^r
^
^
2^.
paper
_, proper
_, improper
., briber
_ daughter
, editor
_ water
_ quitter
„ kicker
„ gagger
_ figure
_ totterest
„ impose
_ imbosom
_ embarrass
_into
1
X
1
X
>
:v
^
3
<\
T
i.
^
1_
2
T
-intended
-intuition
-induced
-indeed
-indented
-embezzle
-embower
-embodied
-imposition
.embolden
-impossible
.intention
-inattention
-induct
.indicate
.antiquated
A.
interior
imbedded
2
-intensity
-indicted
-inadequate
^-——-inadmissible
A__ —.appointed
unappointed
attended
unattended
action
inaction
-opposed
.unopposed
.addicted
\ _unaddicted
-f-
4-
126
USES OF THE INITIAL -M. -N HOOKS
1. The initial syllables an, en, in, on, un, preceding Ch, J, H, \\h,
Ray and Ex strokes may be expressed by a wide initial hook on the
left-hand side of Ch, J, H, Wh, and on the under side of Ray and Ex
strokes.
2. The initial syllables an, en, in, on, un preceding F, V, Th, L, S,
Z, W, Sh, Y, N and Qu, and the initial syllables am, em, im, om, um
also, preceding F and M may be expressed by a wide initial hook written
on the concave side of the strokes ; and such strokes may be written in
both Second and Third Positions. But, in Third Position, a short vowel
sound precedes the sound of the stroke letter, and therefore, comes
immediately after the sound of the initial syllables expressed by the
wide hook.
3. To change an initial -n hook to an -m hook, insert a dot within
the hook.
l
inch
J_ enjoins
^~^ inhuman
2
in his
t^7 enrich
c^/_ enraged
t in relation
/~^ in regard
C^- in referring
^ t> in reference
/f\ in response
..annexation
-f-*
•inexcusable
^/fjnexistent
•s inexpedient o inefficiency
J inexplicable
unexpected
inexorable
<<f~^ - inlets
^
J? unexcelled
■f-
inland
ineligible
investment
^ unexplained i£L^_enlightenment
-3-
S-.
<*r
^
unexceptional
mage
maginary
magine
nfuse
n voice
nvisibility
unavoidable
<v enlist
v/ environ
unalloyed
7
.inquire
^_A — inquest
£1
-unwise
-incendiary
^-unsound
WRITING EXERCISE
127
jerk
enlist
un forged
corporate
bars
inviron
informer
dormant
offer
gurgle
improper
permission
ever
firmness
tottered
parsonage
into
marble
intended
barbarism
later
martyr
embower
harmony
editor
unsound
merchant
birthplace
water
fortune
trimmer
inducement
vigor
furtive
adversity
inadequate
lord
harden
intention
incendiary
first
march
interior
invisibility
north
merge
intimated
neighborly
border
mercury
account
partnership
corner
murmur
darkness
persistence
cursed
northern
farther
ineligible
farm
nurture
intuition
unexcelled
garnet
portrait
intimates
unavailing
action
sardines
embossed
inattention
enjoys
serpent
impunity
imposition
infuse
verdure
appointed
unlearned
version
partialty
inaction
unguarded
ledger
perceive
enlighten
horticulture
proper
perjury
ascertain
parsimony
alert
portfolio
personify
enlargement
vapor
terminal
impurity
unappointed
better
vermin
margins
unopposed
figure
vertical
portion
in referring
indeed
offered
surname
unexceptional
inches
cheaper
attended
inefficiency
annex
leader
indicate
enlightenment
imagine
carnal
indicted
un forgiven
inquire
intense
partake
unburdened
carbon
perplex
darkest
termination
cornice
pursuit
forward
pursuance
corn
surprise
persecute
permissive
crane
versify
impolite
northwardly
curtain
assert
partisan
marvelously
inform
reaper
participle
harmonious
debtor
farmer
performer
accordance
mercy
furnish
perpetrate
investment
hardly
figured
dormitory
unexpected
harvest
induced
indisposed
impossible
hurtful
inveigle
northward
unforeseen
market
hardship
unworthy
perspective
cornet
trotter
embolden
percentage
128
PHRASE AND SENTENCE WRITING
£
^7
i.
^r
^
^
y
\
^L
T^~
-^£>
In some other
Do you believe
Mr. President
To your account
On one occasion
On the part of
Part of your
Promissory note
Quite certain
Quite sure
Quarter section
Yours truly
Yours very truly
Very truly yours
Truly yours
Yours sincerely
Sincerely yours
L^_^^ It seems to me
C Unless it is
&L.
Unless there is
Unless there are
J -C3T
\j
¥^
fc
3
3
<4r
4
^^
V
n all probability
f it is necessary
f there is none
f there is no one
t is therefore
t was to have been
am in receipt of
your favor
am in receipt of
your esteemed letter
am in receipt of
your esteemed favor
am in receipt of
your esteemed order
We are in receipt of
your letter
,Ve are in receipt of
your esteemed letter
A r e are in receipt of
your favor
decline to say
do not think so
shall therefore
suppose there is
n order to do so
n order to have
s not possible
s there any objection
PHRASE AND SENTENCE WRITING
129
-In hoping for the
Jn the first place
^^"\= , In the second place
^
3
Under separate cover
In as much as it
-Under the circum-
stances
Under consideration
ns — -^
.J beg to inclose
-You may be sure
t
— ^ — Inclosed please find
In order to judge
JL^
^ What is your business
.Up to the time
_In order to see
_In such manner
Democratic party
^ Republican party
o7%
r/\</ You will be sorry
__%___ I am very sure
( -A> / I am very sorry
_Several days ago
•Some years ago
State how many
^— Railroad company
( ' ' Railway company
^4 Real estate
-> To call attention
<T~ ^ While there is
_ Without doubt
Without that
i
^"""j All my attention
I A contract
n
. A great deal
[A great many
.And is not
.And of the
.Any other time
3i In a day or two
o Tn a day or so
_ There are none
1 At any rate
i^i) Railroad station
130
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE -M -N HOOKS
=& ambiguous
_analogous
y^P analysis
/l, analytic
•-o analyze
!^2.
embellishment ^j<
embassies p)
gr~ff emissary
fN©.
emphatic
^2 enchain
SL
£
^
unchastity
enactment
%
i
.enrollment
.entangled
.enthusiast
envious
imagery
unadjustable
immediate
^
cry
T-^
^/
^4-
^Y
^
^v^
&
^
mmaterial
mmaturc
mmensely
mmerse
mmigration
mmoral
mmortality
mmunity
m mutable
mpassable
mpassionable
mperial
mperishable
mpious
mposter
mpiety
mpulsive
naccuracy
narticulate
mpoverish
nasmuch
mpassioned
131
\
VT
0=,
1
\
2
^T
£■
f~
«w
u
^
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE -M -N HOOKS
inaugural Q ^ — * infamous °^ inquisition
-incalculable r
-incapable
.incubate
.indemnity
.independence.
.indestructible^
-indeterminate
i
-J-
>
I
4-
.Indian
indictment
.indigestion
.indiscernible ,
.indispensable.
.indisposition L
.indulgence
Zj
.intensity
.indwelling
-ineffable
-inelegance
-inertia
-inestimable
-inevitable
_1^.
^
y-
2^
n~/°
1
*
1
iu
.infantry
infatuate
infinite
.ingenious
.inglorious
.inhale
-inherence
inhospitable,
.inquiry
initial
. initiation
.injection
.injudicious V/\
injuriously t ,
innovate J
innumerable v^
.inoculate I
.inoffensive
.inordinate
.inorganic
insatiate
insurable
intelligence
intemperance
intentional
intensify
— intangible
— inthrall
— introduce
— introduction
f
££.
inosculation J
- untwist
-invalid
-invariably
—involve
—umbrage
_umbrella
— unaided
- unaccepted
-unacceptable
—unaccustomed
— inexistent
132
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE -M -N HOOKS
£.
^>
invention
unaccountable
unacquainted
unaffected
^__^ nnanimated
^^cy/* unanswerable
l
X
^
r
unheeded
unhesitating
unhinge
unholy
.unarmed
-unaspiring
-unassisted
.untenable
unattainable
<<X unlawful
^T° unless
S, unlike
^ unlucky
^z^.
.unassumed (V unlimited
.unfashionable <~^_< unmanly
unmask
unmerited
unmindful
unmistakable
unnatural
unnecessary
unnoticeable
unquenchable
unquestioned
t
?-
ii
-unquestionable
<^ unreasonable
<< \ r> — unredeemed
-<*/ unregenerate
unrewarded
J -_, unshaken
_ unship
£SL
WRITING EXERCISE
133
impel
suppressed
intentional
antecedence
plied
imperial
invitations
impossible
unjust
impurity
umbrella
indescribable
unless
inaction
unassisted
inelegance
unfair
indelible
unceasing
inadmissible
entail
indicate
incessant
impoverish
enact
infallible
ungallant
indeterminate
impart
analysis
untenable
embellishment
unwise
ancestor
inordinate
enactment
untrue
endanger
inoculate
unsociable
implied
unfasten
unwritten
un regenerate
supplied
unhandy
untimely
indemnity
pressed
unknown
unmerited
impassable
unused
impious
unlawful
impassioned
indorser
enchant
unlimited
unworthiness
industry
entangle
unhappily
anatomical
unyoke
imitator
unshaken
unmistakable
annual
energize
unfeigned
unquestionable
Indian
enravish
unsolicited
unpardonable
inquire
unmask
entangled
unaccountable
insure
untidily
analogous
imperceivable
intense
emissary
impolitic
unavoidable
another
unusually
unfurled
unrighteous
unborn
envelope
impeached
unredeemed
infinite
uncalled
impassive
unnecessary
entitle
immodest
invention
unfavorable
entirely
impatient
introduce
unhappiness
infidel
inglorious
endeavor
• immaterial
unable
unlucky
enjoyment
immaculate
invade
innovate
anticipate
endowment
unapt
insurable
embarrass
unassumed
inherit
imbecile
infectious
unaffected
initial
untraveled
ambitious
intelligence
enrage
unvarying
imperfect
embroidered
enigma
endurance
inaccuracy
- introduction
invalid
enrapture
incapable
unacquainted
inhuman
immigrant
immense
unanswerable
injustice
unfinished
unworthy
unfortunate
insatiate
indictment
intimately
unnoticeable
imperil
incalculate
inability
unreasonable
import
unmanly
inaugural
unrewarded
antidote
unbiased
immunity
unvarnished
impressed
ingenious
ambiguous
indorsement
oppressed
enthusiasm
immovable
independence
134
THE ONE THOUSAND MOST FREQUENTLY USED WORDS
Sixth Installment.
across
director
important
preliminary
steamer
address
district
imprison
prepare
suffer
agreement
doctor
improvement
present
support
appreciate
drill
increase
president
sure
April
driven
inform
» pretty
surprise
assure
drown
information
price
teacher
board
effort
interest
primary
term
born
emergency
January
principal
theater
bridge
enter
learn
principle
third
bring
entertain
letter
print
thirty
broke
entrance
majority
prison
three
brother
express
March
private
through
burn
extra
matter
proceed
Thursday
capture
extreme
measure
progress
track
car
father
mere
promise
train
card
feature
more
prompt
travel
celebration
figure
morning
proper
treasure
center
firm
mother
property
trip
charge
first
near
prove
trouble
children
four
neighbor
provide
true
Christmas
forty
neither
rather
truly
church
forward
provision
recover
trust
circular
fourth
never
refer
try
cordially
free
newspaper
reference
turn
country
Friday
north
regard
understand
course
friend
offer
report
warm
court
front
other
restrain
water
cover
further
over
return
weather
crowd
grant
part
river
winter
dark
great
perhaps
Saturday
wonder
daughter
heart
perfect
search
wonderful
December
honor
person
short
world
degree
horse
personal
sir
yard
department
hurt
pleasure
sister
yesterday
destroy
illustrate
popular
prefer
yonder
MISCELLANEOUS PRINCIPLES
1. Fulness, as in blissfulness, mirthfulness, truthfulness, etc., may
be expressed by F stroke written near to or through the preceding part
of the word.
2. Ship, as in seamanship, courtship, senatorship, etc., may be ex-
pressed by Sh stroke written near to or through the preceding part of the
word.
3. Larity, as in polarity, hilarity, regularity, etc., may be expressed
by l-rt.
4. Tality, tility, as in futility, mortality, etc., may be expressed by
t-lt.
5. Belness, as in feebleness, changeableness, etc., may be expressed
by b-l-ns.
135
PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE USE OF STROKE S
1. The S stroke is used initially in Second Position (a) when it is
the only consonant in the word; (b) when it is followed by shun, s-, or
ss; and (c) in words of two or more syllables where it is followed by a
long vowel sound.
1 say
J says
J ceased
A
A
.1
saucy
ceases
session
_d .secede
I— ^ seamy
d secession
_satan
Y? solo
2= sacred
2. The S stroke may be used to express the initial syllables s-s t s-z,
s-s~, s-z-.
J-*. schism
ck. scissors
J sister
J system
suspicion
\
suspense
sustains
susceptible
suspender
■V — --cistern
-& — sizable
-U- — saucily
society
\
sustenance
o\ cisalpine
4
4,
seaside
seaport
) suspiration —A sausage j K Cicero
3. The S stroke is used initially in Third Position to express a short
vowel sound before the sound of S.
I
.ask
.assume
.asbestos
aspersion
.aside
7^
V\ aslope
.espy
assertion
-ascension
4^ — assessment
_j assets
assistance
_5
H
i
. espousal
essential
assumpsit
ostensible
4. Either S stroke or C circle may be used to express S before a
long vowel and N; but Fourth Position is used to express S before a
short vowel and N.
.soon
.soon
n sounded
JL^sounded
scented
T
. since
century
136
PREFIXES EXPRESSED BY DETACHED CHARACTERS
1. The initial syllables con, com, cum, cog, may be expressed by a
dot or period written at the beginning end of the stroke that follows the
prefix.
7*
^r
.combatant
.combative
.combustible
-combustion
.convertible
commercial
\. competitor
_\^_complainant
_\=3_complexional
_\__compliable
\/ component
4r
-&-
A^
^3-
.s~lS commiseration
commissioner
communion
'y comportable
\ composure
\ comprehend
T
compact
-^> — companion
comprehensible ^r>
comprehension , L
.concerts
concessive
conciliation
.conciseness
concord
.concrete
-concordance
comrade
confessor
confidential
—^—comparable
.\/ comparative
— ^ — compassionate
.comprehensive Jk==L_ configuration
.cognate _L=e , confinements
\*> compatible
— * — compatriot
i — compendious
—compensate
^ compensation
.compensatory
— ^=^ — cumbersome
— -£ — compulsive
^ — compunction
, L — conceited
L conceded
*
/
f
V
v^ conceivable
_a- conception
^-n, concernment
A^
L
.confraternity
-congestion
-congestive
.cognizant
-congruent
.confluence
congruity
-conjecture
137
ADDITIONAL ILLUSTRATIONS OF CON, COM DOT
jL
conjoint
- A— conjugal
_4^ conjunction
/^ conjunctive
// conjuncture
1/ conjuration
A.
conqueror
conscience
conscientious
v\ controllable
U— g) contumacy
*^ consciously
v conscript
J=^_ consecration
va convenes
v>— p convenience
W convenient
v^ conventional
/ conjure
j^
conjurer
connect
) — c consecrated
consecutive
>
converge
^^
<r, connections
.connivance
conservation
conserves
x±/ connoisseur
connubial
L contrast
Vq., conversant
v/^ convolutions
^a conversation
I
i.
contrasted
contrition
' < ~y~ conversely
o conversion
^ convertible
*X
2. The syllables con, com, cum, cog, occurring medially, are ex-
pressed by the dot written on the right-hand side of a perpendicular
or inclined stroke, and on the under side of a horizontal one.
recognize
X*\ recompense
J^—^ discommode
discontent
reconcile
misconduct
miscompute
rK^ disconcern
_ reconciliation
X-^ disconnect
X^ disconsolate
gs&j misconstrue
Jv discomposure
discontinue
e
misconception
138
METHOD OF EXPRESSING PREFIXES CON, COM, SELF, CIR-
CUM, ACCOM
1. Con, initial, may be expressed by the Ou stroke, modified by a
small initial hook on the right-hand side; and Com, initial, may be ex-
pressed by the Ou stroke modified by a small initial hook on the left-
hand side.
2. These hooks may be widened to prefix the initial syllables in and
un, thereby expressing the initial syllables incon, uncon; incom, uttcotn.
They may be closed into a circle to express self-con and self-corn, re-
spectively.
concise
<p
consist
c^
commute
^
commit
c/
come
L^
income
-i
comedian
«A
C\
c^>
committee
commence
commended
commissions
incomplete
incoming
connote
J
o^ 7
<2
^L
-inconsistent
_self-command
.self-conscious
.self-contented
°^N Qy self-complacent
cr l self-consistent
•f
self-conceit
3. Self, may be expressed by a small circle written at the beginning
end of the stroke that follows. Circum, may be expressed by a small
circle written near the middle of the stroke that follows. Accom, may
be expressed by lengthened K stroke in Third Position. Contra, contri,
contro, counter, may be expressed by a short stroke written at a right
angle near the beginning end of the stroke that follows. Magna, tnagni,
may be expressed by disjoined M stroke.
\^_j£p — self-denial
circumscribe -J^ controvert
o
-self-esteem
.selfishness
A self-interest
^F
I
circumspect
accommodate
accomplish
X
.counterfeit
.counteract
.Magna Charta
A circumcision \, -/ contraband ^-^ magnify
£. » circumflex \^ contribution L magnitude
139
PHRASE AND SENTENCE WRITING
— ^ — I believe
J call attention
Jf possible
-It will be
J It will not
-^\ — From your own — ^ To your
^=%^-In like manner — ^ Of your
-P In the city — \ By your
In the state -^ About your
4° Just as much as — k=2» — In the morning In
-y
fi Let us see
J_ Let us hear
_X Much more than
full
No doubt
^ .Of which
Off and on
On its
On or before
■fy
.In other words
In everything
sD In your state
1
(> >
y
cO In your city
D In your way
1
J_
t
£
i-
N
.In your own
.In your day
.It is clear
.It was not
.It was to be
I consider it
—Full extent
_In all the
_In all your
_In all that
^_In all cases
_Jn one case
__In addition
—In advance
_In the
X In its own
v "* In other
\
£
^~~\^. I do not know r Enough of
/ In order that In which
> In order to be 9 In your
It will not do \ I stated
140
PHRASE AND SENTENCE WRITING
Good conduct / v ^ Let us not
Good sense <i_ In relation
c\ In response
I , Do you know
Do vou think
_| Ts it not
_p .Has it not
I It may serve
/^ Let us know
/^N Let us be
( ^ Let us go
^__ Do you have
d Do you see
/^V- Let us have
_QfL^^_Yes or no
^-^ Ynnng man
_ Young men
.Do you say
Air. Chairman
About it
Of all these
Of my own
.Young woman (^ Q n his part
.Young women \6 Q n the whole
\ Apt to be
1 In a day
^ y In a safe
C . In this
_C .In that
One or more
Nq, Per cent
Per month
/»-> Let us not do so
f V Let us not have
( \Let us now have
<z In regard to the
matter
<^\, .In reply to your
r letter
t^V, In reply to your
y esteemed letter
VX~^ During the time
1/^1 During all the time
L- ^ Do you mean to be
|\ Do you remember
^T
Mean to be under-
stood
More and more
More or less
Parties of the
second part
Parties of the
first part
Place of business
c ~* In these
w in a vise
No Postal card
N^I Pro rata
o/\ With respect
i/C Worse than
/K Replying to yours
Replying to your
letter
We' are in receipt of
your esteemed letter
We are in receipt of
" your esteemed favor
141
PHRASE AND SENTENCE WRITING
Had you the
Had you seen
Had been
i Had you been
±.
t
■How do you know °>
.1 will go by the _^
.Just so as the
^
j Had not
i Had you not
L Have seen
_ Ladies and
gentlemen
On either hand
— On the other hand.
17~
T
On the one hand >g
Have you seen /X There is nothing ^
X^7
^ Have been
-^ Have you been
Have vou not
-V Please find
^ ..Enclosed find
n about
n above
n opposition
n obtaining
n defense
n whose
n heaven
l^-P
?
Z-
Ln question
In some cases
sjl. Just so as the ___^_ _In such cases
[n consideration
[n substance
[n several
[n excess
[n extent
[n for the
[n that
In these .
£)- We will not say x^ Price list
\/)rs We at once sent \\ Per barrel
d you ~f
c — P In case it is s^, Per pint
<rr~~"> In my own time \ j^. Per dozen
^7 In the meantime -^3— Vice versa
^"^ In the course of J — p a ys ago
— ^J9 In worse condi- V Few days ago
As large as
s\, . There is no doubt S
z__7— — There is no such_C_
1
v-
We do not wish
c~*
n less time
a tions.
v — <y \ J Tn a worse
condition
^-^\% In worse
positions
oiln a worse
position
_S^__I am sorry
We are sorrv
142
USES OF INITIAL S CIRCLE
1. Initial S may be expressed by the S circle written on the right-
hand side of P and T; on the upper side of K; and on the concave side
of F, L, M, N, W and Qu. It is written on the R hook side of P, T
and K to retain the sound of R.
screw
f sla y
snow
^ sway
squire
2. The Positional method of expressing initial, coalescent
forth in paragraph 1, page 31, is briefer than the method abo.
and is preferable generally. However, words of common consonant out-
lines, such as stake and stick; spoke and speak, may be differentiated by
employing the two methods.
3. S circle may be used initially on all Third Position strokes to
show that a short vowel sound comes before the sound of the stroke,
and that a second vowel sound comes immediately after the sound of
the stroke. If deemed advisable to show whether the second vowel has
the long or the short sound, the initial stroke may be lengthened and
written according to the principles stated in paragraphs 5 and 6, page 21.
r
-city
.settee
K
_sophist
p suffice
-S= silly
-t-= — — sallow
t
V
.sadiron
.saturate
I
-supposition
.sufficiency
.sapphire
.Sadducee
143
USES OF S CIRCLE
1. Illustrations of the use of initial C circle in Second Position.
JUL -sold (^ sideboard -V— southeast
v savior C southward _j£2_ soldier
2. The prefix super may be expressed by half-length P stroke (s-per)
in Fourth P«itit i.
/^° supercilious ^, superlative
superhuman superior
a normal length stroke shows that its sound follows its
sound.
X"
suburb
cork
— ^ ..suburban
/colm Glover,
.eadville, Colo.
[r Sir : I-am thinking of joining-the military band which played
Jksonville, Florida, last winter. They played very classical
f, and-have-a splendid band leader, whose name is Clarence Wen-
He-is-a relative of-mine, and I-feel very kindly toward him,
as-he-has had such-a good influence over my son.
I should-think you-would join also, as-you are very musical, and
play the flute quite well. Send in-your application with mine. The
application fee is ten-dollars.
Let me know what-you decide to-do.
Very-truly,
READING EXERCISE
1 2~..s\<
+±
3 . , i (i
k
H
3^
H ' f > ^
U^ f 2_
144
ILLUSTRATIONS OF INITIAL S CIRCLE.
1. Illustrations of the use of S circle in Second Position applied
to half-length strokes.
^ scarf
o_ scorpion
\, spurs
\, spurt
-^—- — scarlet
-scurvy
_scorch
L
P stark
L^
.spurn
-start
.storm
^ — spark
\ sparkle
? sturgeon
-?=* — scorn
-A — spurgeon
\ spurned
_£ stars
stormy . V^ starlight
2. A large number of words commence with the initial syllables an,
en, in, on, un, followed by coalesent S. In such words, the initial syl-
lable is expressed by a short curl before the S circle.
*\. ensl
ave
SAL
-inspiratory
unsteady
-a instance \/ . — inspirational L instill
-k instanrerl _a=v inscriotion L-^ en stamp
inspect
\
-instanced
J unstudied
rt
-inscription
-inscrutable
-instances
-jd. — instantly —J instantaneous - I — 'instigate
\/ inspirit _J — <l — instructress 1 c instructed
^—-inspire
-1^- — instep
-L instead
I-
instruct
unscrew
V-q ensconces -^=? — instrumental ^-r unskillful — L — unstable
\/ insDiring J— installation
inspiring
-L unstopped _L instability
unspun .Zv^^unspeakable
inscroll lb institution
inscribe
unscorched.
-!==}— instructor —L=»— instrument
a=^_ unscrubbed-*-^N unscraped
J unstrung — & — install
^-^\ ensnare — « unstrained
^—-onslaught —— 1 — unsweetened
145
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE -N HOOK BEFORE S
1. In words commencing with an, en, in, on, un, followed by the
sound of S and a short vowel sound, the C circle may be used, and the
stroke written in Third Position.
r
~^~V
*=*-
f
.unsaid
.insensate
.insult
unsaddle
^r
*e
unsettled
inserted
unsubstantial
unsuccessful
~*5
^unselfish
_insensible
unsatisfied
f
^7-
msigma
-F
"9=-
. inset
unsung
in such
insect
2. Where a long vowel sound follows the sound of S, in words
commencing with an, en, in, on, un, the C circle must be used, and the
stroke must be written in Second Position.
j£L
enseal _g_^
insolence >—^
unseen
insomuch
J^
T
insecure
y/ unsavory (
insobriety J£^. unseasonably _ r3 ^__unsalable _£
insanely jk unsocial -rrS~ unseemly c
JL^y insane
^° unsold
unseat
unseated
3. In words commencing with an, en, in, on, un, followed by the
sound of S, a short vowel sound and another vowel sound, the S circle
must be used, and the stroke written in Third Position.
s? insulation -v^V- m salubrious S^/^. inseparable Sl _^^ insanity
■^ en si form ^ insoluble -X^/>- insufferable _^a_ ensilage
4. The class of words, first above given, may be written as follows :
Write the stroke in Fourth Position, modified by a large initial hook,
to express the initial syllables an, en, in, on, un.
7*
insect
un supped
insulted
(V_c
cA^
insubordinate
unselfish
unserviceable
QS>
incense
in such
unsaid
77"
.insult
inset
.insert
146
<s —
ADDITIONAL ILLUSTRATIONS OF 1 EX STROKE
accentuate
.1
accelerate
axle
—executive
-^executioner
y\/^ exfoliate
7
/f? — exaggerate
-y\P exasperation
/ \ excavation
^\^ excerpt
exchange
—expediency
expenditure
expiate
explainable
explanatory
expostulate
/"v — exposure
y\. expressible
,/ \ expurgation
extensible
t
extensive
y^v exquisite
/> — -, extinguished
extirpation
extract
extricate
extrajudicial
extraneous
extravagance
t
i-P—
^>
exordial
exorable
exultant
inexhaustible
inexertion
inaccessible
inexact
unexercised
WRITING EXERCISE
147
association
aside
excommunicate
ensconces
silent
assertion
exordium
sisterhood
sacred
astronomy
expediency
sustenance
suspension
assists
explainable
soliloquy
suspense
exchange
expostulate
ostensible
exasperation
extravagance
extemporaneous
exaggerate
extraneous
exposure
extricate
excruciate
excitement
existent
commissioner
exhortation
exercised
exporter
comparative
expatriate
extract
combination
compensation
expurgation
exile
comparison
comprehension
extemporary
extension
competitor
conclusiveness
extradition
expressly
misconduct
congeniality
extortioner
expert
recompense
confidential
combativeness
commercial
cognate
congressional
communion
conclusion
congress
confluent
complainant
disconcern
conscience
conjunction
comprehensive
reconcile
commotion
conscientious
compunctious
congregate
self-possessed
conservatory
conception
convenes
connect
conversant
concordance
competition
circumference
convertible
configuration
discontinue
counterfeit
disconnect
conglomeration
convenience
magnanimity
commended
conflagration
comprehend
suppose
commingle
consecutive
committee
counterpart
selfishness
conventional
self-esteem
skill
circumjacent
incompletely
circumvent
slanted
circumspect
disconsolate
counteract
spheres
counterpoise
recognize
accommodate
smart
accomplishment
commentator
commonplace
start
sphere
self-denial
separation
sport
supposition
circumnavigate
schooled
scarce
suppressed
contraband
suppression
instructed
salacious
accompany
storm
insomuch
squirm
Magna Charta
splendid
unsubstantial
splutterest
strangled
sprays
insalubrious
sacrifice
spherical
inscription
insubordinate
.schoolmaster
sufficed
unseen
secession
scarlatina
instrumental
inseparable
susceptible
instantaneous
unsprung
unsaid
seamanship
unseasonably
unsociable
in such
ascension
unsufferable
insensate
sustains
assessment
unsatisfied
insignia
assortment
asunder
unserviceable
insulted
seclusion
suspicious
excellence
glycerine
148
MISCELLANEOUS PRINCIPLES
1. On any straight stroke, the -n hook may be dotted to change il to
-m, and the -m hook may be dotted to change it to -n.
( \, impute J image J into H in it
%,, unpaid 7 unadjusted 'I empty _f|_Emmett
2. The prefix Un may be expressed by N stroke in Third Position.
^jT\ unwielded . ^ uninclosed ^,- unending „_, ■ unengaged
.^JHunenrolled y unwarranted -^g=^-unmirthful -^ ===c=r unhonored
3. The prefix Un may be expressed by brief Y joined to half-length
strokes.
unendorsed _^Jl_uninformed -^> — unbarred _m_ unuttered
_? — unenforced «\ unpardoned -^S — unburden _H__ unadorned
_j unimportant <k uninterested __i — unborn u unoffered
4. The prefix Un may be expressed by brief Y joined initially to
-m, -n, R and L hooks.
__^__ unimplored «\ nrmhridgpd _jL uninhabited
*\ unimposed -^— unbraided J unimaginable
V uninvited r unhealthy ^ uninfluenced
,c\ unapproved j/* unendurable _£ inapplicable
5. Where En, In, Un is followed by a long vowel sound, the vowel
strokes modified by the N hook may be used.
\ enable \^ enebriate innocent c -^ unused
c — unable ^ — inaugurate f lx inodorous J^l__un , 'deal
149
WORDS DISTINGUISHED BY VOWEL LOCATION
Prosecute, pr-s-k-t
Persecute, p-rs-k-t
Prescription, pr-sk-pshun
Proscription, pr-skr-pshun
-^- Parisian, P-r-shun
\—p — Operation, -p-r-shun
^ Portion, p.-rshun
\j Apportion, -p-rshun
\ - > 3 — Perfection, p-rf-kshun
Imperfection, -mp-rf-kshnn
■A Persian, P-rsy-n
Prussian, Pr-slum
Pertain, p-rt-n
\r — - Appertain, -p-rt-n
\,*~ Apostle, -p-s-l
^y, Epistle, ep-s-I
\*> Patient, p-shunt
_^ Passionate, p-shun-t
_ Support, s-p-rt
_ Separate, s-pr-t
_v
^
K7
\ v Applicability, -pl-k-bility
Proprietor, pr-pr—t-r
Appropriate, -pr-pr- -t
-^- — Preparation, pr-p-r-shun
-^^ Approbation, -pr-b-shun
-^o Purpose, p-rp-s
-^\3 Perhaps, p-r-ps
—^7 — Prohibitive, pr- -b-tivc
— ^b Probative, pr-b-tive
v-^ < Prominent, pr-m-n-nt
Permanent, p-rm-n-nt
Preeminent, pr- -m-n-nt
\^~> — Prompt, pr-mt
^ — > — Promote, pr-m-t
^ — * — Permit, p-rm-t
^ 1 Permeate, p-rm- -t
.^p Precede, pr-s-d
— ^P Prosody, pr-s-dy
_ifc>_ Pursuer, p-rsur
JV- Appraiser, -pr-s-r
,_ Placability, pl-k-bility \/* — .Inspirable. -nsp-r-bcl
150
WORDS DISTINGUISHED BY VOWEL LOCATION
A
v
V
Inseparable, -ns-pr-bel
Insuperable, -ns-p-r-bel
Provoked, pr-v-kt
Perfected, p-rf-kted
Pardon, p-rd-n
Patron, p-tr-n
Production, pr-d-kshun
!X Predication, pr-d-k-shun
\-.^ Beautify, b-t-fy
Beatify, b- -t-fy
Birth, b-rth
Breath, br-th
Baseness, b-sn-s
Absence, -bs-ns
J Turn, t-rn
J Train, tr-n
S. Stable, st-bel
J_ Suitable, s-t-bel
Traitor, tr-t-r
Tartar, t-rt-r
Utterly, -t-rly
■Net
\
•\
4^
/\ — Extract, cxtr-kt
/\ ^ . Extricate, extr-k-t
a Extension, ext-nshun
-/L Extenuation, ext-n- -shun
J Editor, -d-t-r
U Debtor, d-t-r
Auditor,, aud-t-r
Adulation, -d-l-shun
V— Delusion, d-l-shun
U-~> Diminish, d-m-n-sh
1^ Admonish, -dm-n-sh
rL Disappoint, d-s-p-nt
1 Despond, d-sp-nd
J Destroy, d-str-
_L Distortion, d-st-rsh-n
b Decease, d-ses
1 Disease, d-s-z
I Idleness, id-ln-s
f. Dullness, d-ln-s
^_ Demonstration,
d-m-nstr-shun
j Administration,
*^~~\. -dm-n-str-shun
151
WORDS DISTINGUISHED BY VOWEL LOCATION
V/^ Violent, v- -l-nt
^ Valiant, v-ly-nt
t/ Joined, j-nd
e/ Giant, /- -nt
j Agent, aj-nt
J Gentle, j-nt-l
J Gentile, j-nt-l
^
1
T
1
Collusion, k-l-shun
Coalition, k- -l-shun
Credence, kr-d-ns
Accordance, -k-rd-ns
Corporal, k-rp-r-l
Corporeal, k-rp-r- -I
Garden, g-rd-n
Guardian, g-rd- -n
\^ s? Fairies, f-r-s
\^/ Furious, f-r- -s
L Favored, f-v-rd
{ Favorite, f-v-r-t
^ Flint, fl-nt
N^ Fluent, fl- -nt
^^_^ Farm, f-rm
^^--> Frame, fr-m
k^° Violation, v- -l-shun
v Evolution, -v-l-shun
Vo Valuation, v-l- -shun
Ferociousness, f-r-sh-sn-s
Avariciousness, -v-r-sh-sn-s
Alum, -l-m
Illume, -l-m
Latitude, l-t-t-d
Altitude, -It-t-d
Zl
^1
y±
Writer, r-t-r
Reader, r-d-r
^y^ Orator, -r-t-r
_ ^ Urgent, -rj-nt
/ / Regent, r-j-nt
^/ Origin, -r-j-n
_Wrapt, r-pt
Repeat, r-p-t
_Reform, r-f-rin
^-Reframe, r-fr-m
152
WORDS DISTINGUISHED BY VOWEL LOCATION
^\ — Respond, r-sp-nd
s*{ — Recipient, r-s-p- -nt
</*** Relevant, r-l-v-nt
~\y^t Irrelevant, -r-l-v-nt
/I Written, r-t-11
/^ Return, r-t-m
_^=» = _ Migrate, m-gr-t
^ ^_ Emigrate, -m-gr-t
Measurable, m-sy-r-bel
-L-2 Interdiction, -nt-rd-kshun
— 1 — 2— Introduction, -ntr-d-kshun
_! — 2 — Induction, -nd-kshun
_l 2- Indication, -nd-k-shun
^t — Needless, n-dl-s
Endless, endl-s
\ — >. Dismiss, d-sni-s
Deism, d- -sin
_ Immeasurable, -m-sy-r-bel
Moral, m-r-l
r
Immoral, -m-r-l
C^ Inevitable, -n-v-t-bel
C Unavoidable, -n-v-d-b-l
— p Noisy, n-sy
Uneasy, un-sy
< ~^^ Unable, un-b-l
^^x Noble, n-b-l
*X> Proved, pr-vd
^ Improved, -m pr-vd
^ Unimproved, -n-nipr-vd
\~^ — Prism, pr-sm
a^v Presume, pr-s-m
y\> Repress, r-pr-s
X^ Reapraise. r- -pr-s
y^° Reapers, r-p-rs
n n Casks, k-sks
n „ Cossacks, k-s-ks
_N k _=e_ Barks, b-rks
j\ == o_ Breaks, frr-A\s-
\y Barracks, b-r-ks
I Tack, t-k
I Tacky, /-fcy
I Attack, -t-k
WORDS DISTINGUISHED BY VOWEL LOCATION
153
^
^7
>x
Sprays, spr-s
Suppers, s-p-rs
Suppress, s-pr-s
. Reap, r-p
Europe, Ur-p
Isaac, Is-k
) Ask, -sk
-v^ Afford, -f-rd
-^ Afraid, -fr-d
-^— — Rations, r-shuns
Erosion , er-shun
Jo . Vision, v-shun
Evasion, ev-shun
Caution, k-shun
Action, -ksliun
Occasion, -k-shun
Rose, r-s
Rosy, r-sy
Roses, r-s-s
Resist, r-s-sf
Receipt, r-s-t
^L
2.
2-
^
l±
A
C
Shriek, shr-k
Shirk, sh-rk
Sure, sh-r
Assure, -sh-r
At least, -tl-st
At last, -tl-st
Atonement, -t-nm-nt
Tenement, t-n-m-nt
Autumn, aut-m
Time, t-m
Wake, iv-k
Awake, -zv-k
Coolies, k-l-s
Coalesce, k- -l-s
Ragest, r-j-st
Readjust, r- -j-st
Copy, k-py
Occupy, -qup-
Thorough, th-ro
Theory, th--ry
Held. h-Jd
154
t
Abstract
X
_Accept-ed
CONTRACTIONS
o-o Unbecoming
Begin
_ Acceptance
Administration
Beginner
\ Beneficial-ly
t
t
Administratrix J Beyond
Administrate-or J\__Brother
£_ Angel
_ Angelic
_ Archangel
=>
*T
jr
Antagonist
Architect
Artificial
Inartificial
V Awestruck
Attract
Attraction
At our
At our own
Baptism
Baptist
4-
V
Become, come
t/° Becoming-ly
^
Brotherhood
\/^ Brother-in-law
Cabinet
c_ . Call difficult-y
Certificate
/--? Celestial-ly
Changeableness
Exchange
Interchange
-A
Income
^ Overcome
c •- > Correct
=t~ Corrective
=5_ Correction
^ Corrected
Interchangeableness
^7 Unchangeable
c — - — a Criminal-ly
tr-fs — Cross-examine-d
. — °? Cross-examination
7 Danger
— L Dangerous-ly
-I Dear, Dr.
-«= Degree
<1 Delinquent
_d Delinquency
I
I Deliverer
-Characteristic
1 Chargeableness
L Discharge
_s=£_Christianity
Come, become
Denominational
P
Undelivered
A Redelivery
U-5 Democracy
I — ~— Democratic
_JE=f Indifference
CONTRACTIONS
155
Sa-
4^
L^=,
^r
-^v
Differential
V^
Familiar-ly
i
Hereinbefore
Dignify-ied
Familiarize
Unfamiliar
^n
Hereinto
Dignity
n
Hereto
Direct
^V
February
r\
Heretofore
Discriminate
V^,
Financial-ly
—=^
Hereunto
Indiscriminate
^ .
Frequent-ly
*>
.Hereunder
Distinctive
•%
Infrequent-ly
— =v
Hereupon
Dollar
^
Unfrequented
-^-
-Herewith
Domesticate
^ ,
From
b-&
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Electric-al-ly
"S
From it
L — <y
Heavenward
Electro
Govern-ed
P
Held
Endeavor-ed
_-=»
Government
-ir-
^ Withheld
Entire-ly
Inequality
— '•s
Governor
Ungoverned
.Helplessness
Imitate
Establishment
c-<\ .
Great Britain
Immediate-lv
Evangelical
^V
Happiest
Important
Expect-ed
-V
Happiness
\
Importance
Experience
Hereat
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Hereby
Herefrom
"\>
Unimportant
Inexperienced
Inferential-ly
Unexpressed
\
Inferable
Extensive
^
Influence
Extraordinary
^x_
Hereinafter
^
Influential
156
4^-
Kingdom
2. Larger
_£ Largest
/ Largeness
_2 Enlarge
_2 Enlarged
Languish
/7-~~ Legislature
Longer
- — a.
A:
Longest
Manufacturer
In order
January ^^
j/ Junior, Jr. ^
y\ Jurisprudence — ^
l^Xi Jurisdiction
~CT
^3T
\2.
-*Zs~
Unmanu f actu red\,
Manuscript
Mistake
Mistaken
Mistook
Unmistakable .\>
CONTRACTIONS.
Movement
Nearly
Neglect-ed
Negligence
November
Outnumber-ed
Objectionable
Observation
Only
On our
Not only
Opinionated
Owner
Parallel
Parliamentary
Part-ly
Counterpart
Particulars-ize
Peculiar-ly
Pecuniary
People
Perfect-ly
.*£_
\ Perform
\ Performance
\\ Perhaps
J^> Perpendicular
x
l
^_
H.
X
X
T
X
T
Plaintiff
Plaintiff and
defendant
Popularity
— \- Unpopular
N — ^ Practicability
\ r> — Practice
fr Principal-pie
' N # Preservation
o Unprincipled
*\ Probable-y
r \ Proper-ly
"\ Property
Probability
Improbability
Publication
Republication
Unpublished
\ Question
157
WORDS BEGINNING WT I A LONG VOWEL SOUND
Jsinglass
island
iciest
isolate
isometric
itinerant
^9
.enunciate ^~v\ idolatry
.equestrian ^1 iodine
.equipment "~1 iota
.eradiate ' ionic
.erection
erosion
^D
Isaac
Isis
a-
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K>
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n
y
oasis
-oats
-obedience
-obesity
-obituary
-odious
-odoriferous
ogre
.oleander
-oleomargarine
.oriole
-omission
.omit
-oriental
oritund
original
158
_ounce
y
si
si
so
WORDS BEGINNING WITH A LONG
^~tx unitarian
Iff universal
7 usual
outrage js usurious
outright - uniform
outgrown
. outlay
-outreach
ounces
—^ — outbid
^\^~ outfit
\ outwit.
r overalls
—2 overmarch
overawe
overthrown
_£. overhaul
_k^____ overplus
c<
S
S
i
z
.overseer
.overturn
.owner
_ozone
_uberty
if ukase
J.
^\
4
K
ii
4
j
.union
unitable
usurper
utilitarian
European
auburn
auctioneer
audacious
audacity
.audible
audience
J audiphone
u
(s*
autocracy
awkward
authority
authentic
aurist
VOWEL SOUND
__A— -arbitrary
■ y\ <u arborescent
archaeology
arithmetician
-^^^armament
J)L .^erysipelas
erudite
.irreverence
.A. . N irreparable
JX___irrepressibk
~^y^ irresolute
^A irresponsible
irretrievable
.irreducible
earliest
--*
A orphan
WRITING EXERCISE
159
equinoctial
phenomena
identify
pantheist
eternity
spontaneous
mendacity
Saturday
ice-berg
arrangement
dominican
spontaneity
idealism
handsomest
monomaniac
piquancy
identity
Greensboro
Hancock
handsomely
iconoclast
poignancy
beanstalk
acquisition
enormous
requisition
amanuenses
repetitions
authorize
punctuation
recession
emaciation
auricular
scholasticism
denunciation
slantwise
alter
skepticism
scarification
scandalous
alienate
slaughter-house
smelter
scrambler
aerogram
statistical
spaniel
specifically
itinerant
stenographer
spectacular
spring-time
Dleomargarine
stratification
spiritualism
statesman
outright
statuesque
stalactite
steadfast
overthrown
aerostatics
statuesque
strabismus
ubiquitous
auctioneer
straightforward
lieutenancy
usefulness
authoritative
audience
accession
archaeology
earshot
aeronaut
suspension
arithmetician
equipoise
audiphone
situation
arraignment
idolatry
enunciate
association
articulate
isometric
evaporation
physicians
erroneous
oceanic
ice-cream
millennium
iridescent
overawe
isinglass
reindeer
irredeemable
outrage
odoriferous
ransack
accessory
universal
oleander
pantomime
answerable
usurpation
outgrown
Bunyan
incomparable
European
overcautious
interpret
inconceivable
arborescent
ozone
unworthy
inconspicuous
architecture
unanimous
uneasy
unimportant
aristocracy
usurer
unconscious
uninhabitable
arrowroot
utilitarian
insertion
unwholesome
irreclaimable
irrelevant
uningenious
unyielded
irrationalist
Irishman
incontestible
interrogate
incompassionate
erratum
unenlightened
undervalue
in consideration
artificer
irrecoverable
intersperse
uncommon
architectural
erysipelas
silently
unengaged
incombustible
arbitrary
annoyances
unwelcome
uncontroverted
armamenl
Minnesota
interfere
inconsequent
isosceles
panacea
underhand
uninitiated
obituary
pandemonium
accession
unworried
univalve
Edinboro
affianced
underclerk
equestrian
Wednesday
immenseness
mensuration
audacious
Thursday
Hinsdale
suddenness
authentic
160
AN AUTHOR'S ADVICE TO STUDENTS
When a new enterprise is to be undertaken, or a new field of labor to
be entered upon, it should receive the careful consideration of the person
who proposes to engage in it. The eastern farmer who goes into the
far West (to locate and improve a homestead for himself and family),
knows full well that he must take upon himself, and put upon those who
accompany him, hardships and self denials with which they were before
un-acquainted,
Years of unceasing toil and unsatisfied desires must pass before the
realization of his plans, in the comforts of a "well-tilled" farm and good
society, can be enjoyed. But all these sacrifices are made cheerfully, be-
cause of the firm faith that the good time hoped for will surely come.
In like manner, the young man who decides to follow one of the
professions, soon discovers that, if he would become master of it, and
place himself at the head of his chosen calling, he must first spend years
of hard study in preparation. This he does in the faith that ultimately
he will reach the desired position. Thus we see that it is an inexorable
law that no great good can be secured without earnest and persistent
effort.
You are about to enter upon a course of study preparatory to engag-
ing in some active business enterprise. The very fact of your putting
yourself in the position of a pupil, is an admission on your part that you
are ignorant of certain things which you desire to know. It is also an
admission that your teacher is, or ought to be, better qualified than
yourself.
You have involuntarily taken upon yourself the duties and obligations
of a student, and there is now an implied contract between yourself and
your instructor that you will faithfully and earnestly apply yourself to
the work before you. Your success depends mainly on your own efforts.
No one has a right to do for you what you should do for yourself. Self-
help is the best possible help in obtaining an education.
The province of your teacher should be to point out to you the course
you are to pursue, and to see that you do your work honestly and well.
It is no part of his duty to do your work for you ; indeed, if he should
do so, he would do you a positive injury.
161
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162
You must do your own thinking, and the sooner you learn to control
your thoughts the better. To learn well requires a concentration of the
mind upon the subject of study. To establish the power of will over
mind is a great achievement to the student, and the faculty of so doing
should be diligently cultivated. Unless you can fix your thoughts upon
your studies, and keep them there, you will make but poor progress.
When you come into the school room banish all thought of the outside
world, and of surrounding circumstances, and give your whole mind
earnestly to the prosecution of your studies.
Be honest; be independent; do not try to steal your work from the
books of other pupils, for in so doing you only cheat yourself. Begin
with the determination that you will lean on no one — but yourself.
Look upon your teacher as your best friend, and receive his sugges-
tions with kindness. Do not be discouraged if you cannot comprehend
everything in one day, or in one week. It is an old proverb that "it is
darkest just before the dawn of day." Take courage, and let your
courage be of a cheerful character. Faith is a wonderful motive power,
not less in temporal than in spiritual things. If a young man makes up
his mind that he will accomplish any laudable object, and bends his
energies to the task, he is almost sure to succeed.
The special course of study you are about to enter upon is not what
is termed a liberal education, nor is it all that one needs to pursue; yet
the advantages to be derived from it are almost incalculable to a business
man. But the benefit you will derive from it will depend in a great
measure upon the thoroughness and accuracy with which your daily
progress is marked. System leads to correct and rapid execution, and
is an indispensable qualification to a good business man. Simply to do a
thing is not all that is required, but to do it well.
The work that you are to perform is both mental and manual, and
your own ideas of how it should be done should not be considered as
infallible. If your teacher is worthy of the position he occupies, he is
presumed to be better qualified than yourself to judge of your execution
and progress, and every suggestion coming from him should be care-
fully considered and scrupulously heeded.
A faithful teacher takes real delight in the true progress of his pupils.
163
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164
There is probably no general rule that has not its exceptions, but as
a class it is an undeniable fact that professional teachers are the most
unselfish, noble-minded and open-hearted individuals in the community.
There is an over-ruling power, "which doeth all things well," that leads
the true teacher into his field of labor, and kindly sustains him in the
good work.
Certainly neither the love of wealth, nor any other merely worldly
ambition could induce a person to spend his life in a profession which
is so poorly compensated, while there are thousands of avenues to busi-
ness pursuits which are less annoying and ten fold more lucrative.
It is written that "a faithful man abound with blessings ; but he that
rriaketh haste to be rich shall not be innocent." The faithful student and
the efficient teacher will surely find their reward; if not in material
prosperity, it will come in the acquisition of culture, the consciousness
of duty well performed, and in the final approbation and "well done"
of the great Master when their life work shall be ended.
There are some very important facts which have a direct bearing upon
the responsibilities of the student, and which may very properly be men-
tioned in this connection, since the sooner they are realized the better.
Life, at its longest, is but short. What is to be done you should do with
earnestness. Time is precious. Opportunities are limited. Money is
valuable. You will not be justified in squandering your money, neglecting
your opportunities, or wasting your time.
If you have no settled plans for the future, it would be well for you,
at least, to give the matter your careful consideration, and if possible
decide upon a course to pursue which shall be congenial to your feelings
and worthy of your best endeavors. Whatever may be your choice of a
business pursuit, it should be remembered that the better you are quali-
fied for it, the more likely will you be to succeed in it.
It is a fact, which cannot have escaped the notice of anyone who has
given the matter any thought, that those who are best educated for their
business calling invariably take the highest positions.
165
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166
A business education has a wide range of usefulness, and cannot
fail to prove advantageous, even to the most humble individual.
The idea that the education in question can be secured without much
personal effort should not be entertained for a moment.
The least that is required of a business man in this age of the world
is, that his orthography be correct, his knowledge of grammar and
composition be acceptable; that he be capable of accuracy and rapidity
in calculations, and be a good penman. These acquirements — with a
thorough knowledge of accounts — are indispensable to the modern busi-
ness man.
The acquisition of knowledge, although requiring close application,
and often laborious study, seldom fails to afford the student real pleasure
and substantial profit. Knowledge is varied, and is not to be obtained
wholly from books.
Much benefit may be derived from the study of human nature. Much
of our success in life depends upon the faculty of pleasing, and of being
pleased. A person with a gloomy, sullen disposition, not only renders
himself miserable, but makes all with whom he associates uncomfort-
able ; while in the case of a person who is genial and frank, his good
nature becomes infectious, and secures for him the warmest admiration
and affection.
The amenities of life should be seduously cultivated. Politeness is a
cheap accomplishment, which possesses a magic power. Gentlemanly
conduct is always in place, and never more so than in the school room.
Vulgar language and bad manners are always out of place. They are
the result of ignorance and ill-breeding, and should be abandoned at once.
You are engaged in a good work, and are surrounded by those who
take a sincere interest in your progress and welfare. If you are true to
yourself you will be diligent in your studies, remembering that to reach
the summit of a hill you must mount step by step, and laboriously accom-
plish the whole ascent before you attain the view point, where you gather
in all the beauties and benefits of your journey.
You are now toiling up the hill of science. Let your progress be
marked by patient and persevering effort, even though difficulties meet
you at every step. Remember that "diligence is the mother of good for-
tune." Overcome all obstacles until you reach the view point, where
you shall be fitted in the best possible manner for your life work, and you
will have no reason to regret the course you have pursued.
167
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168
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SECRETARY BRYAN'S LETTER OF RESIGNATION
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169
THERE IS A PREJUDICE
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170
PATRICK HENRY'S FAMOUS SPEECH
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