\ ; 
 
 Ex Libris 
 C. K. OGDEN
 
 s H.
 
 P. OVIDII NASONIS 
 
 HEEOIDUM EPISTTTLAB XIIL
 
 P. OVIDII NASONIS 
 
 HEROIDUM EPISTULAE XIII 
 
 EDITED WITH NOTES AND INDICES 
 
 EVELYN S. SHUCKBURGH, M.A. 
 
 FOBMEBLY FELLOW AND ASSISTANT TUTOB OF ElIJIANOEL COLLEGE, 
 CAMBBIDGE; LATE ASSISTANT MASTEB AT ETON. 
 
 HonlJon : 
 MACMILLAN AND CO. 
 
 AND NEW YORK. 
 1896 
 
 [The Right of Translation in reserved.]
 
 First Edition 1879. 
 Reprinted with corrections 
 Reprinted 1896.
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The object of this edition is to provide the higher 
 classes in Schools with a useful edition of Ovid's 
 Epistles, which should contain some information as 
 to their Author, as to the materials on which he 
 worked, and the spirit in which he used them : and 
 at the same time one in which an intelligent study 
 of the language should not be neglected, nor the 
 history of the text passed entirely over. 
 
 The book contains 13 of the 14 Epistles, the 
 genuineness of which has not been refuted by modern 
 criticism. At the same time no one can fail to be 
 struck with the inferiority of the Laodamia; and I must 
 record a strong suspicion that the Episode in Ep. 9, 
 from v. 67 to 102, and that in Ep. 14, from v. 85 to 
 108, bear marks of interpolation, or at any rate of 
 having been inserted after the completion of the rest. 
 
 My plan has been to illustrate the Poet from his 
 own works ; which is particularly proper in the case 
 of Ovid, who so often repeats his own words. I have, 
 when quoting from his other works or from other 
 writers, usually given the quotations in full, knowing 
 
 1059576
 
 vi PREFACE. 
 
 how likely mere references are to be passed over. Re- 
 ferences however to other parts of the Epistles are 
 generally given with the number of Epistle and line 
 only. Those who will not take the trouble to turn to 
 another part of a book in their hands are not likely 
 to use notes of any sort with much interest or profit. 
 As to grammatical information I have decided to refer 
 to one Grammar only, that of Mr Roby. No doubt 
 i-eferences might have been profitably given to Madvig 
 and others. But nearly everything is to be found in 
 Roby's work ; and it is perhaps more in the hands 
 of English Students than any other, as it well de- 
 serves to be ; taking rank as it does with Mr Munro's 
 Lucretius, and Professor Mayor's Juvenal, the three 
 great works which have in our day done most to 
 vindicate the honour of Latin Scholarship in England. 
 I have also referred my readers from time to time to 
 Ramsay's Roman Antiquities, and to Rich's Dictionary 
 of Roman and Greek Antiquities. 
 
 It only remains for me to express my thanks 
 to the Provost of Eton for his kindness in putting 
 the Eton MSS. into my hands : and to my friend 
 and colleague the Rev. F. St. J. Thackeray for kindly 
 reading over the proofs of some sheets of the notes, 
 and aiding me with valuable suggestions and correc- 
 tions. 
 
 ETON, August 11, 1879.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The knowledge which we possess of the life of 
 Ovid is drawn for the most part from his own 
 writings. Not only has he left us a poem professedly 
 autobiographical 1 : but the Tristia and Letters from 
 Pontus abound in references to the circumstances 
 of his past life ; and though no doubt often composed 
 with a view of their being seen by the Einperor, they 
 yet contain as complete a self-revelation as any perhaps 
 existing in Poetry. The art with which he set forth 
 his feelings of sorrow and despair, his hopes and 
 affections, had become a second nature to him; and, 
 however embellished, the thoughts in the Poems of 
 his exile have for the most part the appearance of 
 genuineness. While reading this part of his works we 
 gradually learn to feel a kindly interest in the charac- 
 ter of a man, who if he did not possess any heroical 
 virtues, was yet free from a spark of littleness or 
 spite : and who if he did not meet misfortune with 
 high courage, at any rate was not utterly crushed or 
 driven from his natural tastes by it. His generous 
 admiration for the poets who were his immediate 
 
 1 Tristia 1, 1C.
 
 viii OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 predecessors 2 ; his affection for his wife 3 and daughter 4 ; 
 his -warm feelings toward his friends, and the delicacy 
 with which he refrains from putting too severe a 
 strain upon their friendship by connecting them publicly 
 with a man under the frown of the Emperor 5 ; are 
 
 8 Temporis illius colui fovique poetas, 
 
 Quotque aderant vates rebar adesse deos. Tr. 4, 10, 41. 
 8 In Tr. 1, 6 is a tribute to his wife for her devotion and 
 fidelity si quid adhuc ego sum muneris omne tui est. Amidst the 
 miseries of his exile the loss of her society is the chief, Tr. 3, 3, 
 15 Omnia quum subeant vincis tamen omnia, conjunx, 
 
 Et plus in nostro pectore parte tenes. 
 Te loquor absentem, te vox mea nominal unam, 
 
 Nulla venit sine te nox mihi, nulla dies. 
 If when on the point of death some one should announce to 
 him that she was come, resurgam, Spesque tui nobis causa 
 vigoris erit. Like the hero of Tennyson's Maud 'My heart 
 would hear her and beat had it lain for' a century dead', he de- 
 clares (ib. 83) quamvis in cineres corpus mutaverit ignis Sentiet 
 qfflcium maesta favilla suum. 
 
 * Tristia 3, 7 has been generally set down as addressed 
 to his daughter. And her name Perilla rests on the authority 
 of that elegy. Mr Church has expressed some doubt as 
 to this : and indeed the expressions in it are not so warm as 
 one would expect from a father to an only daughter. The 
 recollections which he calls up are chiefly literary. He reminds 
 her of the interest he had taken in her culture and her attempts 
 in poetry. He urges her to keep up all innocent and liberal 
 tastes, and declares that amidst all his own sorrows and losses 
 poetry has been a comfort of which no Caesar could deprive him. 
 En ego cum patria caream vobisque domoque, 
 
 Raptaque sint adimi quae potuere mihi, 
 Ingenio tamen ipse meo comitorque fruorque, 
 
 Caesar in hoc potuit juris habere nihil. Ib. 45. 
 He says that this daughter was twice married and had 
 offspring by both husbands Tr. 4, 10, 75. And in F. 6, 219 he 
 mentions her marriage, and the precautions he took as to 
 selecting the proper season for it. None of these passages 
 however would preclude the possibility of the person he calls 
 filia being really the daughter of his third wife by her former 
 husband, see Pont. 4, 8, 9. Of. ib. 90. 
 
 8 Vos quoque pectoribus nostris haeretis, amid, 
 Dicere quos cupio nomine quemque suo.
 
 INTRODUCTION. ix 
 
 indications of a loveable and generous nature, which 
 go far to incline us to forgive him many faults and 
 extravagances; and to indulge the fancy that much 
 in his writings which none can approve, and which 
 I believe shocked his own generation, was, in his own 
 words, more an error than a crime. 
 
 His lamentations over his fate as an exile, his 
 humble, sometimes abject, in treaties to the Emperor 
 for pardon or some relaxation in the strictness of his 
 punishment, have fixed on him the reproach of 
 unmanliness and servility 6 ; but, in mitigation of 
 these hard terms, we should try to conceive what 
 that punishment was to Ovid. He was past middle 
 age 7 ; devoted to Rome 8 ; to society; to his literary 
 
 Sed timor qfficium cautus compescit, et ipsos 
 In nostro poni carmine nolle puto. 
 
 Quod quoniam est anceps, intra mea pectora quemque 
 Adloquar, et nulli causa timoris era. 
 
 Nee meus indicia latitantes versus amicos 
 
 Protrahit: occulte si qttis amabat amet. Tr. 3, 4, 63. 
 
 Afterwards he becomes less scrupulous, or finds that less 
 danger is involved than he imagined ; and names his various 
 friends. 
 
 8 Ovid does not however refrain from hinting respectfully 
 that Augustus has made a mistake in his case. Fas ergo est 
 aliqua caelestia pectora falli ; Et sunt notitia multa minora tud. 
 Tr. 2, 213. 
 
 7 Ovid was 51 years old at the time of his hanishment, 
 
 Postque meos ortus Pisaed vinctus olivd 
 Abstulerat decies praemia victor equus. 
 
 Tr. 4, 10, 95. 
 
 There would really have been twelve Olympic contests in his 
 life. But he confuses a Greek Olympiad (4 years) with a Latin 
 Lustrum (5 years). According to the Greek reckoning Ovid 
 was born in the 2nd year of the 184th Olympiad and was 
 banished in the third year of the 196th. He shows this 
 confusion plainly in Pont. 4, 6, 5, In Scythia nobis quinquen- 
 nis Olympias acta est, Jam tempus lustri transit in altering . 
 
 8 Ante oculos errant domus, urbs, et forma locorum, 
 
 Acceduntque suis singula facta locis. Tr. 3, 4, 57. 
 In another place (Tr. 1, 1) he directs his book as to the way
 
 x OVID I I EPISTULAE. 
 
 friends". He was banished to a spot on the very 
 extremity of the Empire 10 , barely protected from the 
 raids of warlike barbarians 11 ; the climate was odious 
 to him after that of Italy ; the food disgusted him ; 
 he was often ill, and no proper medical aid was at 
 hand 12 ; the society was provincial or worse than pro- 
 it was to take through Borne, and dwells fondly on every object 
 and building. 
 
 9 Ovid seems to have especially felt the want of intellectual 
 companionship: Non liber hie ullus, non qui mihi commodet 
 aurem, Verbaque significent quid mea norit, adest. Tr. 5, 12, 
 53. Again he complains Non qui soletur, rum qui labentia 
 tarde Tempora narrando fallat amicus adest. 
 
 Tr. 3, 3, 11. 
 
 10 Haec est Ausonio sub jure novissima, vixque 
 
 Haeret in imperil margine terra tui. 
 
 Tr. 2, 199. 
 
 11 Protinus aequato siccls aquilonibus Histro 
 
 Invehitur celeri barbarus hostis equo. 
 Hostis equo pollens longe.que volante sagitta 
 Vicinam late depopulatur humum. 
 
 Tr. 3, 10, 53. 
 
 He describes the effect of these raids. Some of the people 
 are killed with poisoned arrows ; some sold into slavery; cattle 
 are driven off ; cottages burnt ; the implements of the farmers 
 are taken, the whole wealth of the district destroyed ; so that 
 for fear of these incursions the fields are left uncultivated. Of. 
 also Tr. 4, 1, 77 sq. 
 
 12 Aeger in extremis ignoti partibus orbis, 
 
 Incert-usque meae poene salutis eram, 
 Quid mihi nunc animi dira regione jacenti 
 
 Inter Sauromatas esse Getasque putes ? 
 Nee caelum patior nee aquis adsuevimus istis 
 
 Terraque nescio quo displicet ipsa modo. 
 Non domus apta satis ; non hie cibus utilis aegro, 
 Nullus Apollinea qui levet arte malum. 
 
 Tr. 3, 3, 2. 
 
 Again, Ut tetigi Pontum vexant insomnia, vixque 
 Ossa tegit macies nee juvat ora cibus. 
 
 Ib. 3, 8, 27. 
 
 Nee caelum nee aquae faciunt, nee terra nee aurae. 
 Hei mihi, perpetuus corpora languor habet. 
 
 Ib. 3, 8, 23.
 
 INTRODUCTION. xi 
 
 vincial ; there was no one to sympathize in his favourite 
 studies; the language of the people was unknown to 
 him 13 ; he was separated for ever from his family ; and 
 he felt bitterly that his punishment was more than he 
 could possibly have deserved, although I think he 
 never really cherished a hope of recall. 
 
 It is to be set down to Ovid's credit that he 
 did not yield entirely to these depressing influences. 
 He always declares that though his writings had been 
 loose, his life had been pure. And in his exile he 
 might well have pleaded that, though his verse breathed 
 only sorrow and despair, his life showed signs of 
 a manful attempt to master them. He worked at his 
 poetry, if not with energy yet with interest; he 
 learnt the language of the country so well as to 
 be able to write some verses in it which were popular 
 with the Barbarians 14 ; he even served in arms at times 
 to help to beat back the attacks of the hostile border 
 tribes 15 ; and made himself by his courageous bearing 
 and genial disposition so beloved by the Tomitae, that 
 
 13 Nesciaque eft vocis quod barbara lingva Latinae 
 
 Graiaque quod Getico victa loquella sono est. 
 
 Tr. 5, 2, 67. 
 Per gestum res est significanda mihi. 
 
 Ib. 5, 10, 36. 
 
 He however conquered this difficulty by learning the 
 language : 
 
 Ipse mihi videor jam dedidicisse Latine ; 
 Nam didici Getice Sarmaticeque loqui. 
 
 Ib. 5, 12, 57. 
 
 14 He pretends to be ashamed of this (Pont. 4, 13, 19). 
 Ah pudet, et Getico scripsi sermone libellum, 
 
 Structaque sunt nostris barbara verba modis. 
 Et placui, gratare mihi, coepique poetae 
 Inter inhumanos nomen habere Getas. 
 Perhaps these verses were in a language something of the 
 same nature as that with which Hans Breitman has made us 
 familiar. 
 
 18 Aspera militiae juvenis certamina fugi, 
 Nee nisi lusura movimus arma manu.
 
 xii OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 they voted him a crown of laurel, relieved him from 
 all public burdens", and after his death erected a tomb 
 in his honour. In regard to his servile language to 
 Augustus and Tiberius, we must judge of it in con- 
 nection with the manners and fashions of the day. 
 Catullus had indeed assailed the Great Julius with a 
 freedom and rancour which surpasses belief. But his 
 were the last notes of Liberty. The courtier-like lan- 
 guage of Virgil is so polished as almost to excuse its 
 exaggeration. But a despotism was producing its in- 
 evitable consequences, and poet after poet vied with 
 each other in using language to the Caesars which 
 would be almost exaggerated if addressed to the gods 16 . 
 Martial as far out-ran Ovid in this revolting practice 
 as Ovid went beyond VirgiL Our own poets, of the 
 Jacobean age for instance, have erred nearly as grossly, 
 without nearly so good an excuse. Much of such lan- 
 guage is to be regarded merely as conventional. Some 
 of it is to be excused, or passed lightly though regret- 
 fully over, in consideration of Ovid's misery, and his 
 feeling of the utter hopelessness of any escape from the 
 power which he was trying to propitiate. Its lesson 
 is rather to make us hate tyranny than despise poets. 
 
 Publius Ovidius Naso was born at Sulmo, about 
 90 miles from Borne, in the country of the Peligni, on 
 
 Nunc senior gladioque latus scutoque sinistram, 
 
 Canitiem galeae subicioque meam. 
 Nam dedit e specula custos ubi signa tumults, 
 Induimus trepida protinus arma manu. 
 
 Tr. 4, 1, 71. 
 
 * Pont. 4, 14, 55 Solus adhuc ego sum vestris immunis in 
 oris, Exceptis si qui munera legis habent. Tempora sacrata 
 mea sunt velata corona Publicus invito quam favor imposuit. 
 ib. 4, 9, 101 nee mihi credideris : extant decreta, quibus nos 
 Laudat et immunes publica cerafacit. 
 
 16 Of course the official deification of the Caesars may be 
 put forward as an explanation of much of this. But such 
 deification was official, and could have had no real influence in 
 the mind of any rational man.
 
 INTRODUCTION. xiii 
 
 the 20th of March 17 , iu the year B.C. 43 : the year in 
 which the two Consuls Hirtius and Pansa were killed 
 at Mutina. The men of his family had for many 
 generations been equites b . He had a brother born 
 on the same day of the same month in the previous 
 year. The two boys were well educated, and in due 
 time went to school in Rome ; and were, he says, under 
 famous masters. Their teachers of Rhetoric were, we 
 learn elsewhere, Arellius Fuscus and Porcius Latro. 
 The elder Ovidius early showed a taste for Oratory : 
 but our Poet from his boyhood betrayed the bent of 
 his genius. Like Pope he 'lisped in numbers for the 
 numbers came' 18 . His father however looked upon 
 
 17 Haec est armiferae festis de quinque Minervae 
 
 Quae fieri pugna prima cruenta solet. 
 
 Tr. 4, 10, 13. 
 
 The quinquatrus, or feast of Minerva, began on the 19th of 
 March and lasted perhaps five days; the Komans themselves 
 supposing the name to be derived from that fact, whereas it is 
 derived from the fact of the festival being on the fifth day after 
 the Ides. See Paley on F. 3, 810. However the 19th was kept 
 sacred from gladiatorial shows, as the reputed birthday of 
 Minerva; and Ovid therefore dates his birth as occurring on 
 the 20th. 
 
 b Si quid id est, usque a proavis vetus ordinis tituret 
 
 Non modo fortunae munere factus eques. Tb. 7. 
 For Ovid's own admission to the rank see Trist. 2, 89, 90. 
 
 Ovid elsewhere repeats the substance of these lines. He 
 evidently thinks it a legitimate subject for pride. But we 
 must be on our guard against supposing from the use of the 
 word haeres that the rank of eques was hereditary in our sense 
 of the word. Admission to the ordo equestris was simply a 
 matter of money (subject to the nota of the Censor), and had 
 been so since the lex Sempronia B.C. 122. It was the money 
 that was hereditary, and that was a qualification for the 
 rank. 
 
 18 Frater ad eloquium viridi tendebat ab aevo 
 
 Fortia verbosi natus ad arma fori. 
 
 . 16. 17. 
 
 Sponte sua carmen numeros veniebat ad aptos 
 Et quod conabar dicere versus erat. 
 
 Ib. 25.
 
 xiv OVID II E FISTULAS. 
 
 Poetry as an unprofitable pursuit and urged him with 
 the usual arguments to continue his rhetorical studies. 
 The two brothers accordingly went on with their edu- 
 cation with the ostensible object of fitting themselves 
 for the business of the Forum. In due time they 
 assumed the toga virilis 19 , and set out in the path in 
 which civic distinction was to be won. 
 
 In B.C. 24 Ovid experienced his first sorrow in the 
 loss of his brother, to which he refers with genuine 
 feeling. He himself, about the same time we may 
 presume, went to Athens, as was the custom with 
 Roman youths of good means, to complete his education 
 at its Schools ; which occupied at that time a position 
 akin to our Universities 20 . His active career should 
 then have begun, and he did hold some of the 
 
 19 This was done with a certain solemnity; and the 
 ceremony was called tirocinium fori. It seems not quite certain 
 at what year in a boy's life it took place, i.e. whether at 
 the end of the 14th, 15th, or 16th year. Probably it depended 
 on the judgment of the father, who decided in accordance with 
 the circumstances of the case, the forwardness of the boy, and 
 his position in life. See Bekker's Gallus p. 195. Ovid calls it 
 liberior toga in reference to the freer and less restrained life of 
 the boy after its assumption. The 17th of March was the usual 
 day for this ceremony because it was the feast of Bacchus, the 
 Liberalia, and the name was a good omen for the assumption 
 of the libera toga. See F. 3, 777 and compare Prop. 4, 15, 3 
 Ut mihi praetextae pudor est velatus amictu, Et data libertas 
 noscere amoris iter. 
 
 10 It is somewhat remarkable that Ovid does not mention 
 this in his account of himself (Tr. 4, 10) which we have 
 been following. Our only information is a chance remark in 
 another Elegy describing his melancholy journey to Tomi ; 
 Tr. 1, 2, 77 Nee peto quag quondam petii studiosus Athenas. 
 Was it then so much a matter of course, that it might be 
 passed over lightly in the account of a young man's life ? It is 
 not certain whether his visit to Asia and his stay in Sicily took 
 place at the same time. These visits he enjoyed in the company 
 of Macer, the Poet of the Trojan war (not Aemilius Macer 
 who wrote on birds): cf. Pont. 4, 10, 21 Te duce magnificat 
 Asiae perspeximus urbes: Trinacris est oculis te duce nota meis.
 
 INTRODUCTION. xv 
 
 minor offices open to a man. of his age 31 . But he 
 never held any magistratus, which would have given 
 him admission to the Senate 82 . Neither his health, 
 nor his intellectual tastes fitted him for a political 
 career ; and his genius, as genius usually will, took its 
 natural course. With the eager generosity of youthful 
 admiration, he became a hero-worshipper. His heroes 
 however were not political leaders, but men of letters. 
 He made his way into a set of Poets, among whom 
 the most conspicuous were Aemilius Macer of Verona, 
 the poet of natural history; Propertius, the poet of 
 passion; Paulicius the writer of Heroics, and Bassus 
 of Iambics. He heard Horace recite; and once at 
 least saw Virgil, though he appears not to have known 
 him 23 ; and for a few years was intimate with Tibullus, 
 who died when our Poet was about twenty-five. He 
 regards Gallus as the father of Latin Elegiac Poetry ; 
 and considers that he was succeeded by Tibullus, 
 
 21 He mentions in Tr. 5, 10, 34 his having filled the office 
 of triumvir, i. e. one of a board of Three, several of which existed ; 
 e.g. triumviri monetales, capitales etc. In F. 4, 384 Inter bis 
 quinos usus honore viros, he refers to his having been one of 
 the decemviri, i.e. decemviri litibus judicandis. These decemviri 
 were presidents of the court of centumviri; to which Court 
 therefore Ovid mentions that he belongs, Tr. 2, 93 nee male com- 
 missa est nobis fortuna reorum, Lisque decem deciens inspicienda 
 viris. And in the two lines following these he says he had held 
 the office of 'Judicial arbiter' (for which office see Cic. Eosc. 
 Com. 4), Res quoque privatas statui sine crimine judex, Deque 
 meafassa est pars quoque Victafide. 
 
 22 The first magistratus which he might have held, and 
 which would have admitted him to the Senate, was that of 
 Quaestor, which he might have obtained at the age of 27, 
 according to the lex annalis. But he says he could not endure 
 the trouble, and clavi mensura coacta est : that is, he assumed 
 the angusticlavia instead of the laticlavia, which he had worn 
 as one of the illustres equites, a distinct class among the 
 eqnites which had arisen since republican times, and consisted 
 of men of senatorial descent or of senatorial fortune. 
 
 ra Vergilium vidi tantum, Tr. 4, 10, 51.
 
 xvi OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 Tibullns by Propertius, Propertius by himself 24 . His 
 poems soon became popular; and like many of the 
 early poems of young men were inspired by a passion 
 for some mistress unknown, whom he chooses to 
 call Corinna. He boasts, however, that though the 
 morality of his 'Amores' was lax, his life was free 
 from scandal. And it is natural when we compare these 
 elegies with, for example, the Sonnets of Shakespeare, 
 to suppose that the greater part of them were dramatic 
 and not founded on actual experiences of the Poet. 
 
 Of his private life during this period we only 
 know what he has chosen to tell us. He was thrice 
 married. His first wife, given him when he was 
 almost a boy, proved unworthy, lie says, and was 
 quickly divorced. His second was divorced with 
 equal despatch, though he tells us that there was no 
 fault to be found with her 25 . By the third, to whom 
 he remained warmly attached to the day of his 
 death 28 , he is generally said to have had a daughter, 
 Perilla. His daughter was twice married, he says, 
 and had a child by each husband* 7 . This third wife 
 
 84 Gains Cornelius Gallus was born B.C. 66 at Forum Julii 
 (Frejus) in Gaul, and died by his own hand in B.C. 26. He was 
 a school fellow of Virgil, who addresses one of his Eclogues to 
 him. He was with Octavianus at Actium, by whom he was 
 afterwards made Prefect of Egypt. His principal work was a 
 Collection of Elegies in four books. Quinctilian 10, 1, 93) says 
 that he was less polished (durior) than Tibullus or Propertius. 
 
 26 For the extreme facility of divorce at this time see Eamsay 
 p. 253. Augustus tried in vain by the Lex Julia et Papia 
 Poppaea to restrain it. Suet. Octav. 74. 
 
 28 There are symptoms however of his feeling somewhat 
 dissatisfied with his wife's exertions for his recall. See Pont. 
 3, 1, which is an exhortation to her to use more energy in his 
 cause cp. Tr. 5, 2, 3740. And Pont. 3, 7, 11 Nee gravit 
 uxori dicar; quae scilicet in me Quam proba, tarn timida est, 
 experiensque parum. After which her name does not occur. 
 But it is the inevitable result of such a position to make a man 
 fancy that his best friends might have done something more. 
 
 37 We hear of a certain Fidus Cornelius as a son-in-law 
 of Ovid ; about whom Seneca (Dial. 2, 17, 1} tells us that
 
 INTRODUCTION. xvii 
 
 was of noble birth, and belonged to the Fabian gens* 8 . 
 From this fact, and from the names of the friends 
 whom Ovid addresses in the Pontine Epistles, we may 
 clearly gather that Ovid was not only a popular poet, 
 but that he lived in society of the better sort at Rome. 
 He possessed, besides his ancestral property near Sulmo, 
 a suburban estate or horti on the hills beyond the 
 Milvian bridge, near the junction of the via Clodia with 
 the via Flaminia ; not far from which in a sepulchral 
 cavern many inscriptions of the Nasones were found *. 
 All he tells us of this part of his life is that his 
 father and mother lived to an advanced age, dying one 
 soon after the other, not long before his own exile. 
 
 In these circumstances, unusually happy and 
 prosperous perhaps, Ovid lived till past the age of 
 fifty. But a sudden and final change came upon him. 
 In the year A.D. 8, he was peremptorily ordered by a 
 rescript of Augustus to retire to Tomi 29 on the shores 
 of the Euxine, the Capital of lower Mcesia. There was 
 nothing for it but to obey; and accordingly after an 
 affecting parting with his wife and friends 30 , the Poet 
 set out for his barbaric residence. His journey occu- 
 
 he wept in the Senate House because Corbulo called him 
 ' a plucked Ostrich,' Struthocamelus depilatus. 
 
 - 8 Pont.l,2,138,toF&bi\is'NL&ximus,Illeegodevestra cuidata 
 nupta domo. She was also niece to Eufus, ib. 2, 11, 13. She had 
 a daughter by a former marriage married to Suillius, ib. 4, 8, 9. 
 
 29 Ovid only twice uses the name itself, in both cases ne 
 writes Tomis, Tr. 3, 9, 33. Pont. 4, 14, 59. Suetonius in 
 the fragment of Ovid's life bas Tomos (ace. ). Strabo has two 
 forms To/^a (ace.) 7, 5. T6/us (nom.) 7, 6. Elsewhere Ovid 
 avoids the word and uses Tomitae, ' the people of Tomis, 'or some 
 substantive with the adjective Tomitanus, or Pontus. The name 
 probably means the ' Cuts ' (r^yta) from certain Canals near it. 
 But Ovid mentions the Mythological derivation from rfavu as 
 the place where Medea cut up her brother Absyrtus. 
 
 Inde Tomis dictus locus hie, quia fertur in illo 
 Membra soror fratris c.onsecuisse sui. Tr. 3, 9, 38. 
 
 *> Described in Tr. 1, 3. 
 
 * Tr. v. 4, 8, 27, cp. 1, 8, 41 hortos flaminia Clodia juncta 
 viae. The road which branches from the Flaminia is properly 
 the Cassia, of which the Clodia is a branch. This passage 
 shews that the whole route was sometimes called via Clodia. 
 o. b
 
 xviii OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 pied nearly a year; and according to his own account 
 was exceedingly dangerous and fatiguing. There he 
 resided till his death in A.D. 18. His punishment was 
 not exilium but relegatio. That is, he did not forfeit 
 property or citizenship, nor pei-sonal freedom, except 
 in so far as his place of residence was concerned 31 . 
 He was simply obliged to live away from Rome at a 
 fixed place, during the will of the emperor 12 . But 
 this meant for Ovid the loss of all that made life 
 worth having, of wife and friends, of congenial society, 
 of country, of habitual pursuits, of interest in his work 33 
 and the sweets of contemporary fame, of everything in 
 fact except property; though he complains more than 
 once of impaired means (Pont. 2, 7, 61 ; 4, 8, 32), and 
 speaks gratefully of pecuniary help given him (ib. 4, 
 1, 23); and describes himself as pauper (ib. 4, 9, 122.) 
 The cause of his banishment has never been 
 fully cleared up, and still remains, like the author- 
 ship of the letters of Junius, one of the mysteries of 
 
 31 Adde quod edictum, quamvis immite minaxque, 
 
 Attamen in poenae nomine lene fuit. 
 Quippe relegatus, non exul, dicor in illo, 
 Privaque fortunae sunt data verba meae. 
 
 Tr. 2, 135. 
 
 It was no doubt the proper guardianship of his property 
 which was the object of Ovid's wife, staying at Borne, and not 
 accompanying her husband to Tomi. Tu facis ut spolium non 
 sim nee nuder ab illis Naufragii tabulas qui petiere mei. Tr. 1, 
 6, 7. She wished to do so but gave in from prudential motives. 
 Vixque dedit victas utilitate manus. Tr. 1, 3, 88. 
 
 32 The punishment was entirely an act of the Emperor's 
 will and not inflicted by any legal tribunal : Nee mea decreto dam- 
 nastifacta senatux Nee mea selecto judice jussa fuga est. 
 
 Tr. 2, 131. 
 
 * 3 Ovid often asserts that he has lost the energy or care to 
 correct his poetry or make it worthy of him, e g. Pont. 1, 5, 
 15 cum relego, scripsisse pudet ; quia plurima cerno Me quoque, 
 qui fed, judice digna lini. Nee tamen em-endo : labor hie 
 quam scribere major. Mensque pati durum sustinet aegra nihil. 
 And again ib. 57 Gloria vos acuat : vos ut recitata probentur 
 Carmina, Pieriis invigilate choris. Quod venit exfacili, satis 
 est componere nobis, et nimis intenti causa laboris abest.
 
 TNTRO D UCTTON. xix 
 
 literary history. Mr Munro (Catul. p. 185) says: 
 'Dates and his own reiterated hints prove beyond any 
 reasonable doubt that Ovid's disaster was connected 
 with the detection of the younger Julia.' This Julia 
 was the grand-daughter of Augustus and was banished 
 in the same year as Ovid. The circumstances which 
 led to her punishment were such as to make it quite 
 possible that Ovid, or any one else leading a life of 
 free pleasure in the higher society of Rome, should 
 have been implicated more or less remotely in her 
 crimes. But granting this, it is still an unsolved 
 mystery in what way Ovid was involved, and what 
 his particular offence to Augustus was. In the 
 Classical Museum (vol. 4, p. 229, of 1847) Mr Dyer 
 has laboured to show that his crime was that of 
 having been privy to Julia's adultery with Decius 
 Julius Silanus, and having concealed it. 
 
 His own language in speaking of the causes of his 
 banishment seems to go through two phases. He 
 first seems to wish to convey the idea that his youth- 
 ful indiscretion in publishing his Amatory treatises 
 was the sole cause. ' He is a poet destroyed by his 
 own genius; his verses have been his undoing; they 
 deserved punishment but surely not so heavy a one 34 .' 
 But presently he begins to own that there was another 
 cause ; not, he is careful to state, any political offence ; 
 no plot against the Emperor; no plan of violence 
 against the state 35 . He had seen something that he 
 should not have seen. He is ruined by his simplicity 
 and want of prudence, combined with treachery on 
 
 34 Inspice, die, titulum nun sum praeceptor amoris 
 Quag me.ru.it, poenas jam dedit illud opus. 
 
 Tr. 1, 1, 67, and so often. 
 
 Sfi Causa mea est melior, qui non contraria fovi 
 Arma, sed hanc merui simplicitate fuyam. 
 
 Tr. I, 5, 41. 
 Goinp. Pont. 2, 2, 11. 
 
 62
 
 xx OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 the part of slaves and friends. The exact cause he 
 dare not reveal, and yet it is well known in Rome 88 .' 
 The conclusion arrived at from these various hints 
 of the Poet, at any rate must be that there was 
 another cause of a personal nature affecting Augustus, 
 which brought about the disaster besides the immo- 
 rality of his poems. The ostensible cause however 
 put forward in the Edict was this; nor can we say 
 that it was not a plausible or prima facie a sufficient 
 cause, in spite of the fact that they had been published 
 ten years. No doubt much that was coarse and licen- 
 tious had been written before and had found at any 
 rate toleration, and much was being daily written of 
 the same nature. But nothing had been written before, 
 nor I think has been written since, which so de- 
 liberately and with such apparent seriousness sys- 
 temizes vice and ignores all idea of virtue. It is 
 surprising to hear pleaded that Horace was as licen- 
 tious, or that Augustus wrote uncleanly epigrams. 
 
 36 Cur aliquid vidi ? cur noxia lamina fed ? 
 
 Our imprudenti cognita culpa mihif 
 Inscius Actaeon vidit sine veste Dianam; 
 
 Praeda fuit canibm non minus ille suis. 
 Scilicet in superis etiam fortuna luenda est 
 Nee veniam laeso numine casus hdbet. 
 
 Tr. 2, 102. 
 
 The chief passages in the Tristia and Pontine Epistles 
 referring to Ovid's banishment have been collected by Mr Dyer 
 and Professor Bamsay. They are too numerous to quote at 
 length. Dyer thus classifies them : (1) His offence was 
 error not crime, Tr. 1, 2, 97; 3, 37 ; 4, 41. 4, 4, 43. Pont. 1, 
 7, 41. 2, 9, 71. (2) He had seen a crime committed, Tr. 2, 
 102 ; 3, 5, 50 ; 3, 6, 27. (3) Augustus would be offended by its 
 revelation, Tr. 1, 5, 51. 2, 207. Pont. 2, 2, 5962. (4) 
 It was known at Borne, Tr. 4, 10, 99. Pont. 1, 7, 39. 
 (5) His conduct, subsequent to his seeing what he saw, helped 
 on his ruin, it was not only one act, Tr. 4, 4, 37. 3, 6, 13. 
 Pont. 2, 3, 91. 2, 6, 17. (6) His own want of courage helped, 
 Tr. 4, 4, 37. Pont. 2, 2, 19. (7) He acted from no mercenary 
 motive and involved no one else. Tr. 3, 6, 33. Pont. 2, 2, 17.
 
 INTRO D UGTION. xxi 
 
 The distinction is a wide one. Unbridled coarse- 
 ness of invective, descriptions the most nauseous, jests 
 the most filthy, might be passed over, or allowed some 
 currency. But this handbook of seduction was, I 
 believe, not less likely to shock decent Roman taste 
 and feeling than it would those of modern times. 
 From Rem. 361 sq. we see that this was the senti- 
 ment of many at Rome. Ovid himself felt this, and 
 was fain to suggest what poor excuse he could 37 . 
 Perhaps Augustus, alarmed at the growing corruption 
 of manners, and determined for once to exercise the 
 function of a Censor, looked upon this as a really good 
 reason for sending Ovid from Rome : and at the same 
 time as an excellent pretext, sure to find a ready ac- 
 ceptance, for getting rid of a man whom he may have 
 discovered to be connected with his own family dis- 
 honour. However this may be, to Tomi Ovid had to 
 go, and at Tomi he remained until his death in A.D. 18, 
 neither Augustus nor Tiberius ever being prevailed 
 upon to revoke the edict which relegnted him 38 . 
 
 17 Thus in Tr. 2, 423 he goes through the list of Boman 
 writers from Ennius downwards, who might have been charged 
 with a similar transgression against morals. He asserts that 
 no one has been made vicious by reading his lines, and 
 that they were not intended for the perusal of the innocent. 
 Pont. 3, 3, 51 sq. He also takes care to make the common 
 distinction between what he writes and what he does, vita 
 verecunda est Musa jocosa mea, Tr. 2, 354. 
 
 38 One is glad to think that he behaved with some manliness 
 there in spite of his abject letters. He even at last came 
 to feel some affection for the place, in return for kindness and 
 honour shown to him : 
 
 Quam grata est igitur Latonae Delia tellus 
 
 Erranti tutum quae dedit una locum 
 Tarn mihi cara Tomis : patria quae sede fugatis 
 Tempus adhuc nobis hospita fida manet. 
 
 Pont. 4, 14, 57. 
 
 He only wishes, he adds, that it were a little further from the 
 North Pole. His descriptions of the severity of the climate 
 (especially Tr. 3, 10) are at variance with what we know of it
 
 xxii OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 Up to the time of his banishment Ovid had only 
 published, of his writings now extant, the Amores, 
 the Heroides, and the series which proved fatal to 
 him, the l Ars Amoris', 'Remedium Amor is', and 
 'Medicina faciei'. He tells us that the Metamor- 
 phoses were finished though not corrected; that in 
 his anger and despair he burnt them, but that other 
 copies were in existence, and that thus they were 
 preserved 39 . He speaks of destroying much other 
 work at the same time, but of this of course we know 
 nothing. His other important work, the Fasti, was 
 no doubt begun by this time, but was not finished even 
 so far as we have it, until after his banishment, to 
 which it contains two allusions 40 . In early life he 
 wrote a tragedy called Medea, but though he thought 
 himself fitted for this sort of composition he laid 
 it aside for lighter work (Am. 2, 18, 13). Of this 
 play Quinctilian (10, 1, 98) says: MEDEA videtur 
 mihi ostendere quantum ille vir praestare potuerit, si 
 
 now; and Ovid found that he was not believed at Eome, 
 Pont. 4, 10, 35 qui veniunt istinc vix vos ea credere dicunt. 
 Quam miser est quifert asperiora fide.' cf. ib. 4, 9, 85. and 4, 7, 
 where he appeals to the personal experience of a certain 
 Vestalis. The probability is that there have been great 
 changes in that respect. 
 
 39 Haec ego discedens, sicut bene multa meorum, 
 
 Ipsa meaposui maestus in igni manu. 
 
 Yel quod eram Musas, ut crimina nostra, perosus, 
 
 Vel quod adhuc crescens et rude carmen erat. 
 Quae quoniam non sunt penitus sublata, sed extant, 
 Pluribus exemplis scripta fuisse reor. jy 172! 
 Perhaps he remembered this fact when he put the book in 
 the fire, like Pendennis and his novel Walter Lorrain. 
 
 40 Puppibus egressus Latia gtetit exul in herba, 
 
 Felix exilium cui locus ille fuit. p j 539 
 
 Sulmonis gelidi, patriae, Germanice, nostrae, 
 Me miserum Scythico quam procul ilia solo est ! 
 
 Ib. 4, 81.
 
 INTRODUCTION. xxiii 
 
 ingenio suo imperare quam indulgere mcduisset. His 
 work during his exile, as far as we know, consisted 
 of a revision and perhaps completion of the Fasti, and 
 the composition of the Elegies known as the Tristia 
 in five books, and the Pontine Epistles in four 41 . 
 
 The Heroides, or Epistulae Heroidum, are ima- 
 ginary letters from women of the heroic or legendary 
 age to various heroes. They have all this common 
 feature, that they are written in sorrow for the loss of 
 his society to whom they are addressed. But their 
 circumstances otherwise differ widely. Penelope, Her 
 mione and Laodamia have suffered no wrong from the 
 man whom they address; while Phaedra is a victim of 
 irresistible passion, and Medea, besides the wrong 
 doue her by Jason, has upon her all the horrors of 
 remorse for crimes she has herself committed. 
 Briseis, on the other hand, has only violence to com- 
 plain of from another, and supineness on the part of 
 her lover. Ariadne, CEnone, Deianira, Hypsipyle, 
 Dido have all got a clear case, and are able to utter 
 direct and well deserved reproaches to their betrayers. 
 
 These Epistles have been perhaps the most popular 
 of all Ovid's works. They were known and read 
 throughout the middle ages. Immediately after the 
 invention of printing editions of them appeared in 
 quick succession ; and they have maintained an almost 
 undiminished popularity up to the present day. The 
 reason is not far to seek. They are highly dramatic. 
 Each heroine has distinct and striking characteristics ; 
 and yet the theme of them all, unhappy love, is simple 
 and one which has ever, and probably will ever, com- 
 mand interest and awaken feeling. 
 
 41 The latter he says were not meant to form a book, but 
 consisted of separate letters to his various frieuds, afterwards 
 collected without regard to their proper order. Pont. 3, 9, 51 
 Nee liber ut Jieret, sed uti SIM, cuique daretur Littera, pro- 
 positum curaque nostra fuit. Postmodo collectas, ntcunque sine 
 ordine junxi.
 
 xxiv OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 There are twenty-one of these Epistles which have 
 been attributed to Ovid. But of these, the last seven 
 have been now pretty generally pronounced to be by 
 another hand. And without entering further into the 
 qiiestion we may without difficulty acknowledge their 
 inferiority in many ways. In this edition I have 
 undertaken to deal with the first fourteen only, and 
 of them have omitted the eleventh : not as being 
 inferior, for it seems to me to possess an energy and 
 passion superior to most of the others, but because its 
 subject is such as to make its absence at any rate no 
 matter of regret in a book intended primarily for 
 Schools. 
 
 As to the title of the book there is much vari- 
 ation in the MSS. ; and the fact perhaps is that it 
 was commonly spoken of either as ' Epistulae ' or 
 'Heroides', but that the full title was 'Heroidum 
 Epistulae' ; which indeed expresses the actual nature 
 of the book, if the last seven letters, some of which are 
 from the Heroes to the Heroines, are not genuine 42 . 
 
 MSS. The text here given is founded on that of 
 Merkel, in the Teubner series, of 1876, which has 
 been formed by a Collation of the two best MSS. (I) 
 The Codex Puteanus (P) of the ninth century, at 
 present at Paris. To this MS. Palmer attaches an 
 almost superstitious veneration. It doubtless is the 
 highest authority we have, though not without many 
 mistakes. Its great value consists in the fact that it 
 was written before the recension of the text which 
 took place some time in the llth century, and which 
 has affected all the other MSS. which we possess 43 . 
 
 48 The two passages in Ovid which seem to allude to these 
 letters are A. A. 3, 345 Vel tibi composita cantetur Epistula 
 voce Ignotum hoc aliis ille novnvit opus. Tr. 1, 6, 33 Prima 
 J ocum sanctas heroidas inter habens. The MS. e, whose 
 readings are given in the critical notes, has at the end of the 
 Epistles Explicat liber heroidum sive Ovidii Epistolarum. 
 
 43 P has three large deficiencies, i.e. from 1, 1 to 2, 14, 
 from 4, 48 to 4, 103, and from 5, 97 to 6, 49.
 
 INTRODUCTION. xxv 
 
 (2) The Codex Guelferbytanus (G) of the 1 2th 
 century, corrected and annotated in the 13th. 
 
 The readings of these two MSS. are given from 
 Merkel's collation at the end of this introduction. 
 
 (3) But besides these two MSS. another of great 
 antiquity has been long known to exist in the Eton 
 College Library (Codex Longobardicus), whither it 
 was probably brought by Sir Henry Wotton from 
 Venice. Its readings have been from time to time 
 examined, but it has never before been thoroughly 
 collated. I have thought it worth while therefore to 
 give a complete collation of it in the critical notes (E). 
 It is pronounced to be of the llth century; and it 
 unfortunately presents many of the characteristic 
 readings of the MSS. of the recension mentioned 
 above, as having taken place some time in that 
 century. It is in Gothic characters, and only con- 
 tains of the Epistles from the beginning to 7, 157, 
 breaking off abruptly in the middle of a couplet. 
 It contains besides this fragment of the Epistles (1) 
 Theoduli carmina, (2) Cornelius Gallus, (3) Statii 
 Achilleis, (4) Ovidii Remedia amoris, and following 
 the Epistles (5) Aratoris Carmina 44 . 
 
 (4) I have also given the readings of another Eton 
 MS. (e). This is a beautiful French MS. of the 
 end of the 13th or beginning of the 14th century. 
 It contains all the usually received works of Ovid, 
 except the Consolatio ad Liviam, and besides them 
 some shorter spurious pieces de Sompnio, de Pulice, 
 de Cuculo, de mirabilibus Mundi. I have given its 
 readings, not as being of any special value, but 
 because they serve as a fair specimen of the readings 
 of the MSS. of this later age. 
 
 ** This MS. has been collated for II. S. Sedlmayer, and 
 described by him in his Prolegomena Critica, Vienna 1878. I 
 think however in one instance at least he has been wrongly 
 informed as to its reading.
 
 xxvi OVID II EPISTULAE. 
 
 Editions. (5) The Editio Princeps of the Epistles 
 is that of Rome A.D. 1471. I have not been able to 
 see it. But I have thought it worth while as a 
 specimen of the state of the text shortly after the 
 time of the invention of Printing to give the readings 
 of a Venice Edition of 1491, which I had in my 
 hands from the Eton Library, and which is accom 
 panied by a commentary of Vossius. This I have 
 marked V in the critical notes. 
 
 (6) In our own time the most important work 
 on our text has been done by Mr Arthur Palmer of 
 Trinity College, Dublin, in his edition of 1874. His 
 notes are highly instructive, and his emendations always 
 ingenious, and often convincing. I have, when I 
 could not accept them, given them in the critical notes 
 with the symbol Pa. 
 
 (7) The last emendations I have to notice are those 
 of Madvig in his Emendationes Latinae 1873. His 
 authority must always carry great weight. In 
 several instances he has coincided with Mr Palmer. 
 Some of his emendations I have admitted into the 
 text. All others are given in the critical notes, with 
 the letters MADV. 
 
 Of the various Editions of the Epistles I have found 
 that of Loers (Cologne 1829) the most useful for 
 illustrative matter. Van Lennep's Edition (Amster- 
 dam 1809) is mainly critical, and contains much that 
 is valuable. Jahn gives the readings of a great 
 number of MSS., but his collations have been shown 
 to be often inaccurate. I have also from time to 
 time consulted the notes of Heinsius; and have fre- 
 quently used Zingerle's ' Ovidius und sein Verhaltniss zu 
 den, vorgangern und gleichzeitigen JKomischen Dichtern'. 
 But as my plan has been in all cases if possible to 
 illustrate Ovid from himself, I have found Burmann's 
 very excellent index my greatest and best help. It is 
 with this experience of the usefulness of a complete
 
 INTRODUCTION. xxvii 
 
 index, that I have joined to this edition an index 
 of the Epistles it contains, which I have made as 
 complete as I could, with an earnest hope that Students 
 will avail themselves of this best help to understanding 
 their author.
 
 COLLATION" OF MSS. P AND G (MERKEL). 
 
 Epistulae. 1 77 quod sit G. 103 coni. ed. Hecfaciunt G. 
 106 inutilis ar. s G. 
 
 II 10 coni. ed. nunc et amore noces G. 47 quod me Gfugit. 
 haberes PG. 50 numin. PG. 53 corr. Heins. credid. quid iam 
 G. in P. ras. Heins. fals. 61 corr. ed. quia...temeruisse P quid 
 me mer. G. 62 Quaec. de merito P. 83 ita PG. 84 e G. Ar- 
 mifer. P. 96 e G. Quoque P. 98 ita P. fac G. 100 negate ta 
 P. 103 iam te G. Ill e G. letiss. P. 114 e Guelf. 2, Helmest. , 
 P. ma. sec. exit P exiit G. 121, fruticosaque litora PG. 122 
 litora nota G. 133 Hie G. 142 corr. Heins. iuuat PG. 143 
 neque P. 148 ipsam man. P. ilia man. G, P pro v. scr. ma. pr. 
 
 III 4 tamen he lacr. G. 6 uiroqua queri P. 19 prore- 
 gressa G. 20 e G. nuris s. nurus P. 21 data sum G. 30 
 corr. Heins. blandus PG. 31 e G. operosos ex aere P. 48 e G. 
 
 quae mea P. 57 fulaeri[sf\ P hodie quidem. fulserit hora 
 
 G. 58 corr. Micyll. lintea vela PG. 73 nepoti P; G a sec. ma. 
 76 plenos PG sub ras. 95 Bella G ; P ma. sec. 115 et quis- 
 quam quaerit G. Si quis quern quaerit P, pleraque ma sec. in 
 ras. 132 admon. sinum V suis P admon. sinu G. 136 e G. 
 hospiciis p. ad arma tuus patris P. 149 At G. 
 
 IV 1 Quam P sub ras. salutem P sub ras. G. 27 carpis PG. 
 46 ita G et fort. P sub rasura. 108 patr. carter G, var. scr. 
 ma. pr. in P. 111 nos om. P. 115 trinodis P. 127 nunc si P 
 (fals. Heins.) G. 155 e G. relinquit P. 157 ita PG, nisi quod 
 G. fortassis Quid. 
 
 V 4 ipsa P. ipse G. 16 corr. Parrhas. Depressa P Deprcnsa 
 G. 30 e G. xanthum P. 40 e G. Longeuusque senex P. 65 
 e G in P ras. 73 yden G idam P ma. sec. in ras. 75 e G. Sic 
 bene d. defectaque P. 92 e G. superba domos P. 95 ita PG 
 (falso notatur censtat e G). 
 
 VI 7 corr. ed. signetur G. 15 Hoc G. 32 aeripedes G. 
 51 ita PG. 54 coni. ed. tamfortuna tuenda P forti uit.a G, P ma. 
 sec. 82 exspectato G, P ma. sec. in ras. 83 meritis placet P 
 carmine G mouet P mouit G, P a corr. 90 colligat P. 91 e G.
 
 INTRODUCTION. xxix 
 
 figit P. 92 tenues G. 93 mage PG. 94 Mo P Nobilis G. 
 
 103 filia fasias ete (oetae) G, P a ma. sec. in marg. Vetus 
 scriptura in P erasa, lacuna est pro spatio emendationis Salma- 
 sianae, id quod Heinsius indicate voluit. 107 corr. Heins. 
 
 tanais PG undae PG. 118 quoque q Us inter P quoque quod 
 
 tales G. 119 etiam properi P. 131 e G. tamen in P om. 140 
 iratis om.ma. pr. P Quodlibet ad j 'acinus ipse G. 147 per te P. 
 156 sit ilia uiro PG. 162 e G expert P. 
 
 VII 4 e G. novimus P. 5 corr. Heins. merite fam. P meriti 
 fam. G. 16 tenenda P. 17 tibi est habendus P tibi et exstat ha- 
 
 benda et G. 21 Omnia (in parte eius ras. si a ma. sec.) 
 
 ueniant P Omnia si ueniant G. 26 Eneanque G. 33 aut ego 
 quae PG, nisi quod Aut non fuit sub ras. G. 45 tanti quid non 
 mereris (mer incertum) P quod non cenaris, ut videtur, sub ras. 
 G censeris G ina. sec. 71 totum G. tutum P, dices G. 82 
 e G. plector P. 85 narraras a...me.,.nouere P narr. at me 
 nouere G. 86 ure P. Inde minor G Ilia P ma. sec. fut. tua eat 
 G. 87 e G. quin te te munera damnant P. 97 poenas uiole...te 
 sycae...P penas uiolate sychei G. 103 e G. dedita P. 104 
 amissi P amisso G. 106 e G. derabit P. 108 e G. ded. uiri P. 
 113 in terras PG. 138 auferat P. 152 Namque P sub ras. In- 
 que loco regis regia sceptra tene G. 172 e G. Scilleuisseiectam 
 
 P. 179 dum tempteret (supra scr. usum ma. sec.) dum forte 
 
 tepescat G. 
 
 VIII 9 Surohos ille P. 34 posset PG. 61 flendo dispargi- 
 mus iras G. 69 freta destinat PG dest. hemos P. 72 tyntaris 
 G. 73 Tyndaris G. 77 phoebique P. 79 etiam. ..unc P ma. 
 pr. tune ma. sec. 88 ita PG. 99 helenem P; G, ut videtur, 
 sub ras. 102 e G. pugnat P. 103 captam G. 104 e G. Et 
 minus a nobis d. tr. dedit P. 111 e G. stuueo nerusqui obi. P. 
 117 e G. inf. oro P. 120 Quod se P. 121 e G. Ut ego prem. 
 priorque exuar in P. 
 
 IX 9 corr. Daumius. ille uenis PG si cred. G. 15 e G. Si 
 P. 52 e G. relicta tuo P. 53 e G. referentur P. 55 coni. 
 Heins. Maeandros ter totiens erratur in P Menandros totiens qui 
 terris errat in G. 66. corr. Heins. dedec. pudet PG. 83 pampas 
 immania semina laudum ma. sec. P. 88 e G. Incubut, laedat P. 
 103 e vett. ed. dardanis PG. 106 e G. Quern tu P. 126 e G. 
 
 fossa tegente P. 129 coni. ed. sublime sub here. PG. 133 
 
 atque insani G. 141 coir. Heins. in letifero ueneno P. in letifero- 
 que ueneno G. 153 corr. Micyllus. acrius, posterior syllaba in 
 
 ras. a sec. ma., P acrior G. 160 uidear eat insidiata P ui- 
 
 dear titulis ins. G. 
 
 X 9 somno languentia P. 10 corr. Heins. prens. (press. G) 
 semisopita PG. 26 Hinc G. 31 tanquam quae me P sub ras. , ut 
 videtur, et G. putaui G. 46 desieram P. 69 ita PG. 106 ita G.
 
 xxx OVID 1 1 EPISTULAE. 
 
 bslua strauit P ma. sec. in ras. 112 At G. 126 G, Dum turbae 
 in ore. Cum steteris turbes celsus in aure corr. urbis c. in arce P. 
 
 XII 1 Ut G. 17 Semina totidemque et seminal et 
 
 hastes P ma. pr. Sem sensisset P ma. sec. Sem. iecisset totidfm 
 quod seminat host. G totid. sumpsisset et host. G ma. sec. 25 
 corr. Heins. fuit PG. 39 corr. Heins. Dixerat G tibi rex PG. 
 65 ita G ma. sec. habebit PG. 69 fuer. cinctae G var. scr. 71 
 
 e G, N P exciderant animo loca G. 75 ita G, nisi quod iuuat. 
 
 posse dest si P 99 ita P. miserabile G. 100 ita G. Inter 
 
 constrictas P. 140 ita G. in P rasurae. 149 coni. ed. pueris 
 iussus PG. 152 Ducet P. 170 Nee tener in. ..obit PG, sed 
 tmeram misero, ram P ma. sec. in ras. 185 corr. Heins. Nam 
 PG quod tu G. 205 potentem G. 
 
 XTTT 8 ita PG. 13 mandatis PG. 29 Utque animus rediit 
 G. 37 e recent, libr. murice uestes G. 43 e recent, libr. Dux 
 pan PG. 77 tant. uoluore P. 110 querela tens P. 113 quaes- 
 are lucet corr. ma. pr. quis ara rel. P quae sparsa G. 120 tame- 
 
 rapites osc. P. 122 refers P. 135 quid ego reiwco 
 
 omen P supra ras. scriptum teuocantis et ma. sec. ago reuocans ? 
 omen reuocanti abesto G. 137 corr. Salinas, ex scr. P. 
 
 XIV 5 dimitt. PG. 11 ita PG. 18 corr. Nauger. ossa PG. 
 
 46 sublato etendit P ma. pr. 91 Conato mug P. 
 
 Conataque G.
 
 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN CRITICAL NOTES. 
 
 E. Eton MS. of llth Century. 
 
 e. Eton MS. of 13-14th Century. 
 
 V. Venice Edition of 1491 (Vossius). 
 
 M. Merkel's Edition, 1876. 
 
 Pa. Arthur Palmer, 1874. 
 
 Madv. Madvig, Emendationes Latinae, 1873.
 
 EPISTULAE. 
 
 1. 
 
 PENELOPE ULIXI. 
 
 HANC tua Penelope lento libi mittit, Ulixe. 
 
 Nil mihi rescribas. at tauien ipse veni. 
 Troia iacet certe, Danais invisa puellis. 
 
 MJVUv Iff 4v\ucAv _ 
 
 Vix Priamus tanti totaque Troia fiat. 
 
 O utiuam turn, cum Lacedaemona classe petebat, s 
 
 .uxjont e 'j^uo . , 
 
 Obrutus insanis esset adulter aquis! 
 
 Non ego deserto iacuissem frigida lecto, 
 
 Non quererer tardos ire relicta dies: 
 
 . St a d > -"*. 
 
 Nee paihi quaerenti ppatiosam faflere noctem 
 uaauijL Uui. Ti^VAkv vW>wk io-<xh^. UOA* /VOuA >*VH. urOXovuM. 
 Lassasset viduas pendula tela manus. 10 
 
 Quando ego non timui graviora pericula veris? 
 
 Res est solliciti plena timoris amor. 
 In te fingebam violentos Troas ituros. 
 
 Nomine in Hectoreo pallida semper eram. 
 Sive quis Antilochum narrabat ab Hectore victum, '5 
 
 Antilochus nostri causa timoris erat: 
 
 1 Pa haec. EeV hanc. 2 E sed tamen. eV attamen. 
 
 Pa ut tamen; ipse. 5 EeV tune. Telamone sed a superset. 
 
 G E insanus. 8 EeV nee. 9 e non. 10 e lassarent. EV 
 lassaret. 13 E vilentos. 
 
 O. 1
 
 2 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 Sive, Menoetiadeii^Msis cecidisse sub armis, 
 
 Flebam successu posse carere dolos. 
 *r^4 a< U v Sanguine Tlepolemus Lyciam tepefecerat hastam, 
 
 20 Tlepolemi leto cura novata mea est. 
 . &. iMsxA. Denique, quisquis erat castris iugulatus Achivis, 
 
 Frigidius .glacie pectus, amantis erat. 
 , ,kM WSJL t^SZuto \e\ 
 Sed bene consuluit casto deus aequus am on. 
 
 ft Versa est in cineres sospite Troia viro.<9 *^*j. W^tauJl u 
 
 25 Argolici rediere duces. altaria funiant: 
 
 Ponitur ad patrios barbara praeda deos. 
 Grata ferunt nymphae pro salvis dona maritis: 
 
 Tlli victa suis Troica fata canunt. 
 Mirantur iustique senes trepidaeque puellae: 
 30 Narrantis coniunx pendet ab ore viri. 
 
 Atque aliquis posi,ta monstrat fera praelia mensa. - < 
 
 MIAM^ UML W^A-rpt- ^H. 4*Ak a. uMl. 
 t Fingit et exiguo rergamft, tola inero'- -r 1 '. 
 
 ' Hac ibat Siniois, hac est S^eiatenus,^ T ^^j^'^^^ 
 Hie steterat Priam i. regia pelsa senis: 
 
 TIT A -J -11 ^i* 1 5"V lfi J^VrT 
 
 35 Illic Aeacides, ilhc tendebat Uhxes: 
 
 -a- 1< 7- ^Jr^-T^ * TJ- 
 
 Hie lacer achmssos terruit Hector equos. 
 Omnia namque tuo senior te quaerere misso 
 
 Retulerat gnato Nestor, at ille mihi. 
 Retulit et ferro Rhesumque Dolonaque caesos, 
 
 Uix^ue.sit hie somno proditus, ille dolo. 
 Ausus es, o nimium nimiumque oblite tuorum, 
 
 Thracia noctumo tangere castra dolo, 
 
 28 E illic. 32 Pro mero Sedlmayer metro E attribuit : falso 
 ut videtur. 33 Sic EeM. Pa haec. V hie. E sigeia porta. 
 34 E cella. 36 Sic Pa e. EVM alacer missos. 39 E 
 delonaque cesus. 40 E dolon. Pa vigil. Mihi quidem 
 
 placet illud Tyrellii lucro. Dolon enim non dolo sed lucro 
 periit. Cf. II. x. 401.
 
 7. PENELOPE ULIXT. 
 
 Totque simul mactare viros, adiutus ab 
 
 At bene cauius eras et memor ante mei? 
 Usque metu micuere sinus, dum victor amicum 
 
 Dictus es Isruariis isse per agmen equis. --*-^ 
 Sed mihi quid prodest tfvesrns disiecta lacertis f 
 
 Ilios, et mums quod fuit , esse solum, 
 Si maneo qualis Troia.durante manebam x 
 
 JE^AMUlfe fcxWLb. *VLW>UA. 'UT (MA. * oOUJ&Hffl. frV "wyLHM^Wfc 
 
 irque mini dempto fine carendus abest f i 5 ii 
 
 .^*$*^tooUSk ., . T, 
 Diruta sunr alus, uni mini Pergama restant, 
 
 Incola , captivo quae bove victor, arat. . . ft 
 
 Oyv^-UiSj^. . rn CofiBvWJ. {tA $>&. VJjfiXA. 
 
 am seges est,. ubi Troia fuit, resecandaque falce 
 UA**? ^cyu^H- . .... 
 
 Luxunat Pnrygio sanguine pinguis humus: 
 
 Semisepulta virum curvis feriuntur aratris ss 
 
 Ossa. ruinosas occulit herba domos. 
 
 Victor abes. nee .scire mihi, quae causa morandi, 
 
 oJufuaLiw 
 Aut in quo Tateas^ferreus orbe, licet. 
 
 Quisquis ad haec vertit peregrinam littora puppim, 
 Ille mihi de te multa rogatus abit: 60 
 
 Quamque tibi reddat, si te modo viderit usquam, 
 Traditur huic digitis charta notata meis. 
 
 Nos Pylon, antiqui Neleia Nestoris arva, . 
 
 AT- 4. * -D i 
 
 Misimus. incerta est fama remissa Pylo. 
 
 Misimus et Sparten: Sparte quoque nescia veri. 65 
 
 Quas habitas terras, aut ubi^emu'shibes? 
 
 Utilius starent etiam njinc .moenia Phoebi. 
 T A - i. 1^3U.o^A^ . 
 
 irascor votis heu levis ipsa meis! 
 
 Scirem ubi pugnares, et tantum bella timerem, 
 
 Et mea cum multis iuncta querella foret. 70 
 
 48 e Ilion. Pro esse EeV ante. 50 E erit. 62 Sic eVPa. 
 E note. M novata. 63 E ad Neleia. 64 Om. E, additur 
 a 2 m. 68 E en. 
 
 12
 
 4 OVIDIf KPISTULAE. 
 
 Quid timeam, ignore. . .tjmeo tamen oninia demens, 
 Et patet in curas area lata meas. 
 
 IQuaecumque aequor habet, quaecumque pericula tellus, 
 Tarn longae causas suspicor esse morae. 
 75 Haec ego dum stulte metuo, quae vestraTlibiao'est, 
 
 Esse peregrino captus amore potes. 
 Forsitan et narres, quam sit tibi rustica coniunx, 
 
 Quae tantnm lanas non smatesse rudes^i" lo * >0 ^ - 
 Fallar, et hoc crimen tenues vanescat in auras, 
 80 Neve, revertendi liber, abesse velis ! 
 Me pater Icarius vidup discedere lecto 
 
 Cogit, et inmensas increpat usque moras. 
 Increpet usque licet. Tua sum, tua dicar oportet. 
 
 Penelope coniunx semper Ulixis ero. 
 85 Ille tamen pietate mea precibusque pudicis 
 wMx>JL^Frangitur, et vires temperat ipse siias// 
 
 Dulichii Samiique et quos tulit alta_ Zacynthos, 
 Turba ruunt in me luxunosa 
 
 Inque tua regnant, nullis prohibentibus, aula: 
 Viscera nostra, tuae dilacerantur opes. 
 
 tibi Pisandrum Polybumque Medontaque dirum 
 Eurymachique avidas Antinoioue.manus 
 
 wUi'vJV V?" *** u - 
 
 AtcLue alios referam, quos omms turpiter absena 
 
 }*XB(. *JU\W* U7k^. <Ltw*\^\ . W. -><fUJL V *7*?JL 
 
 Ipae tuo 'partisTsanguine rebus alls f 
 
 95 Irus egtjns pecorisque Melanthius actor edendi |r\. OLfe L^ 
 Ultimus accedunt in tua damna pudor. 
 
 75 e hoc. EPa meditor. 77 eV narros. 79 e tenues 
 crimen. 86 Ee ille. 91 E pissadrum poliuumque. 92 E 
 antinoris. 93 e quldque. 95 E auctor. eV autor. Sed 
 Ovidins vertere videtur Horn. Od. xx. 173 4, ijA0e MeXav^toy, 
 alir6\os aiywv, alyas dycav at irdffi fier^irpeirov alirdXioiffiv 
 falirvov
 
 /. PEN EL. ULIXL II. PHYLLIS DEMOPH. 5 
 
 Tres sumus inbelles numero, sine viribus uxor, 
 
 Laertesoue senex, Telemach usque puer. 
 Ille per insidiasfpaene est mihi nuper ademptus, 
 
 Dum parat invitis omnibus ire Pylon. 
 Di, precor, hoc iubeant, ut euntibus ordine fatis 
 i Ille . rneos oculos conprimat, ille tuos. 
 Hinc itacmnt custosque. boom .longaeyaqi 
 
 Tertius inmundae curas fideUs nar 
 Sed neque Laertes, ut qui sit inutilis armis, 
 
 Hostibus in mediia regna tenere potest. 
 
 Telemacho yeniet, ' v\f3tt, mocfe. fortLor aetas : 
 T. T K^ (^ U\, <*if. w*A- ousiU. wr *vcu<- l * 
 JNunc erat auxiliis ilia tuenda patris. 
 
 Nee mihi sunt vires inimicos pellere tectis. 
 
 Tu citius venias, portus et ara tuis. il/Um. 
 Est tibi, sitque, precor, gnatus, qui niollibus annis 
 
 r .Ifl patrias artes erudiendus erat. 1r uwvt'UAc lu/> 
 "^v^H M ' ' - 
 
 Respice Laerten. , ut iam sua lumina condas 
 
 Extremum fati' sustmet ille diem. 
 Certe ego, quae fueram te discedente puella, 
 ., Protinus ,ut venias, facta, videbor anus. 
 
 o.it, . 
 
 HOSPITA. Demophoon, tua te Rhodopeia Phyllis 
 
 Ultraiipromissum^einpus abesse aueror. 
 
 KM. cW. *u\- vyvJcU. kuOlx WiOU. 
 Cornua cum lunae pleno semel orjpe coissent, 
 
 Littoribus nostris anchora pacta tua est.' 
 
 101 E ho juueant. 103 E hec. eV hoc. Pa hac con]. 
 
 Madv. hinc. E longaeva conjux. 105 EeV annis. 106 E 
 valet. 110 EVM aura, e arna. Pa ara. Ill E est ut 
 sitque. 115 e en ego. 116 E redeaa. 3 E cohissens.
 
 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 . . 
 
 5 Luna quater latuit, toto quater orbe recrevit, 
 
 N"ec vehit Jfctaeas SitBxmis unda rates. 
 Tempora si numeres, bene quae numeramus amantes, 
 Non venit ante suam nostra querella diem. 
 
 Spes quoque lenta fuit. Tarde. quae credita laedtmt 
 
 * MUj^^U .kMMjSSuv 10-WU&**. % tn>4iv \u./V *V\&i lu. 1 
 Credimus. ' Invita niunc et amante nocent. i 
 
 Saepe fui mendax pro te mihi. saepe putavi 
 
 Alba procellosos vela referre notos. 
 Thesea devovi, quia te dimittere nollet: 
 
 cursus forsitan ille tuos. 
 15 Interdum timui, ne, dum vada tendis ad Hebii, 
 Mersa foret cana naufraga puppis aqua. 
 
 valeres, 
 
 Saepe, videns ventos caelo pelagoque faventes, 
 ao Ipsa mihi dixi 'si valet ille, venit.' 
 
 Denique fidus amor quidquid properantibus obstat 
 
 Finxit, et ad causas ingeniosa fui. 
 At tu lentus abes. nee te iurata reducunt 
 
 Numina, iiec nostro motus amore redis. 
 25 Demophoon, ventis et verba et vela dedisti: 
 
 Vela queror reditu, verba carere fide. 
 Die. mihi. quid feci, nisi non sapienter amavi? 
 
 5 MMJ^X, Uu>a. lftAft^*>*A. V V J ^ H- ' WA 1- VMWiUU< 
 
 Crimlne te potui demeruisse meos l o 
 Unum in me scelus est, quod te, ^sce^rate, recepi. 
 30 Sed scelus hoc meriti pondus et instarhabet. 
 
 6 E Sithois un. 7 Sic EPa. M quae nos. 10 Sic Ee "V 
 (E nocens). Pa invito nunc et amore noces. M invito nunc es 
 amore nocens. 11 Sic EeVPa. M notavi. 15 nee dum. 
 17 E diis. 18, 19 Om. EeV. 18 Pa sum. 20 V ipse venit. 
 21 eV quanta. 23 E jurate. 28 E merui. 29 E in me
 
 II. PHYLLIS DEMOPHOONTI. 
 
 lura, fides ubi nunc, commissaque dextera dextrae 
 Quique erat in falso plurirnus ore deus? 
 
 Promissus socios ubi nunc Hymenaeus in annos, 
 ... ... ^uAftJUL ' KSWuia. 
 
 Qui mini conmgii sponsor et obses erat 1 ? 
 
 -w- -i . ^ i^Vi7^^U^ -. 
 
 Per mare, quod totum ventis agitatur et undis, 
 
 Per quod saepe ieras, per quod iturus eras, 
 Perque tuum mihi iurasti, nisiTKtusr et ille est, 
 
 Concita qui ventis aequora mulcet, avum, 
 TV ~CT ."A*jib*>t- w- .K"j><iftA*ol V>*t ,<vvw. 
 
 Per Venerem nimiumque mini faclentia tela, 
 
 Altera tela arcus, altera tela faces, 
 lunonemque, toris quae praesidet alma uiaritis, 
 
 Et per taediferae mylsuca sacra deae. 
 Si de tot laesis sua numina quisque deorum 
 ftMi>fi. Vindicet, in poenas non satis unus eris. 
 'At laceras etiam puppes furiosa refeci, 
 
 Ut, qua desererer, firma carina foret: 
 Remigiumque dedi, quo me fugiturus abires. 
 
 Heu, patior telis vulnera facta meis ! 
 Credidimus blandia, quorum tibi copia, verbis: 
 
 Credidimus geneii numinibusque t 
 
 n j-j- i *3^i*to. "fv r i 
 
 (Jredidimus lacrimis. an etnae similare docentui- 
 
 Hae quoque habent artes, quaque iubentur, eunt? 
 Dis quoque Credidimus. Quo iam tot pignora nobis? 
 Parte satis potui qualibet inde capi. 
 
 XT ^* 
 
 iNec moveor, quod te luvi portuque Locpque. ' 55 
 
 Tk v -. . V'- . - ., r ^ 
 
 Debuit haec menu sum ma fuisse meir 
 
 35 E in undis. e iniquis. 37 E jurasti mihi. e falsus. 
 39 E uenire. 40 E alta tela faces. 41 E al maritis. 
 
 45 e ah. V ha. E puppes etiam. 47 E quo tu fugiturus. 
 49 E copia est verbis. 50 Sic EeVM. Pa nominibus. 52 E. 
 juuentur. Cf. i. 101. 53 E quid.
 
 OVID II EPISTULAE. 
 
 Turpiter hospitium lecto cumulasse Kigali 
 
 Paenitet, et later! conseruisse latus. 
 Quae fuit ante illam, mall em suprema fuisset 
 60 Nox mihi, dum potui Phyllis honesta mori. 
 
 Speravi melius, quia me . meruisse putavi. 
 r Wr*v x AM>vOi. 
 
 Quaecumque' ex merito spes venit, aequa vemt. 
 
 Fallere credentem non est oerosa puellam 
 
 Gloria, simplicitas digna ravoreiuit. 
 65 Sum decepta tuis et amans et femina verbis. 
 Di faciant, laudis summa sit ista tuae. 
 
 Y **tl\BU- 1\0W>C..'IUSWV -VVujJi. 
 
 Inter et Aegidas media f statuaris in urbe: 
 
 Magmficus^tujftsstet pater, am te suis: 
 Cummerit Scironlectus torvusque Procrustes 
 
 MbatMNij? 
 
 70 Et Sinis, et tauri mixtaque forma viri, J 
 Et domitae bello Thebae, fusique bimembres 
 
 Et pulsata nigri regia caeca dei, 
 Hoc tua post illos titulo signetur imago, 
 
 . 'Hie est, cuius aiuaiis hospita capta dolo est.' 
 aUJKflA. <Vv&&A- uxouxJj nLw^iiJt) . 
 75'De tairta rerum turba factisque parentis 
 [UOtUvjc. ,. , 
 ressarehcta tuo. 
 
 -ii 
 
 illo. 
 
 Sedit in .ingenio 
 Quo4 solum exeunt. st>luin mu-aris 
 
 Haeredemf patnae, pe*rfide, frautiis agis. 
 Ilia. ..nee m video... fruitur ^meliore marito, 
 80 Inque caplstratis tigribu^alta sedet. 
 At mea despecti .fugiunt conubiauThraces, 
 
 OAOUA. f Mtv -UaoJ & 
 
 Quoa ferar externum praeposuisse meis. 
 
 61 E quae meruisse, om. quia. M demernisse. eV te meruitsse. 
 65 E dum. 66 E faciunt. 69 E dum. Chiron. 72 e Et 
 pulsata dei regia celsa nigri. EV Et pulsata nigri regia celsa 
 Ditis. 73 E illo. 75 E tantisque. 77 e solum hoc 
 
 miraris. V solum imitaris. 80 E caput stratis sedit. 
 
 81 E a. 82 E feror.
 
 II. PHYLLIS DEMOPHOONTI. 9 
 
 Atque aliquis 'lam nunc doctas eat' inquit 'Athenas: 
 
 o Armigeraiu .Thracen qxii regat, alter erit. 
 
 Exitus acta probat.' ...Careat, successibus, onto. s s 
 
 wv eLCcAd.tt.iA.tjL Mjvlk THcHA- [& we. vtpuA&Qi 
 
 Quisquis ab eventu facta 'notanda putat. 
 At si nostra tuo spumescant aequqra remo, 
 
 -r ., . . ,. *Cie*. IWVttli}- . 
 
 lam mini, lam dicar consuluisse fneis. . .1 / 
 Sed neque consului, nee te mea regia tanget, 
 
 Fessaque Bistonia membra lavabis aqua. 90 
 
 Ilia meis oculis species abeuntis inhaeret, 
 . 'HjcUMfl. ovaiUtfv. . 
 
 Cum premeret portus classis itura meos. 
 
 Ausus es amplecti, .(Colloque infusus amantis / 
 
 .$ U- iav^\ .*4A>k\ ttxM l&- iY>A**^Q- UnAiv QiMfiftVttv ftAfi^VtAV. 
 
 Oscula'per longas lungere pressa moras, <r 3- r 
 Cunique tuis lacrimis lacrimas confundere nostras, 95 
 
 VMLQUt.'XS. 
 
 Quooque foret velis aura secunda, queri, 
 Et mihi .discedens suprema dicere voce 
 
 'Phylli, face expectes Demophoonta tuum.' 
 Expectem, qui.me numquam visurus abisti? 
 
 cpectem, qui.me numquam vjsurus amstif ., 
 
 Expectem, pelago vela negante aatat^ <r 100 
 
 Et tamen e.xpecto.i redeas modo serus amanti, . , 
 
 /texv <3*4{ut ** fA* &f- Tuw^a ux>*> hJudbji. OWCM. l<_ \KMltH 
 Ut tua sic solo tempore lapsa ndes. 
 
 Quid precor infelix^.te iam tenet altera coniunx 
 
 . '^VACK (IjjjL TjKL "^i l ^i TlOvVOwA 
 
 ci .Forsitan > et nobis qui male favit, amor : 
 tJtque tibrexciaimus, nullam, puto, Phyllida nosti. 105 
 \,: ) Ei mihi, si, quae sim Phyllis et unde, rogas. 
 Quae tibi, Demophoon! longis erroribus acto 
 Threicios portus hospitiumque dedi, 
 
 84 Ee armiferamque. Pa armiferam. 85 E suce cessibus. 
 87 e spumebant. 89 EeV tangit. 90 E lababis. Of. i. 101. 
 98 EV face, e fac. 100 Emend. Pa edidi : data tamen 
 
 in fine versus vix placet. MEeV vela- negata meo. 103 E jam 
 tenet et, 2 m. corr. jam te tenet. 105 Madv. Atque tibi ex- 
 cidimus: nullam. T&fillidam.
 
 10 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 Cuius opes auxere meae, cui dives egenti 
 , 10 Munera multa dedi, multa datura fui: 
 Quae tibi subieci latissima regna Lycuri 
 
 Nomine femineo vix satis ^ipta 
 Qua patet umbrosum Rhodope glacialis, ad Haemum, 
 
 UiL^XvwvXL^, kjA** 1 * * J * 1 U. * ** 
 
 Et sacer admi|sas. e 
 
 Jo- uMurvvx lUft, i 
 
 us Gui mea vir; 
 
 Castaque fallaciTzona" recincta manu. 
 Pronuba Tisiphone thaJamis ululavit in illis, 
 
 Et cecinit maestum devia^carmen av 
 Adfuit Allecto hrevibus torquatacoTubiTs 
 
 *- WVC>Nf.s CUxA- ujP v t?J l L, O-Vr OlA V WJXT'' XLS *^S1 'A*CAfl, I 
 
 lao Suntque sepulchral! lumina mbfa iace. 
 
 KJlAi- l>vfiAOk 
 
 Maesta tamen scopulos fruticosaque litora calco^ 
 Quaque patent oculis aequora lata meis. 
 
 n- T *i "^OUj^cJL, . . 
 
 Sive die mxatur. numus, ^eu frigida .lucent 
 Sidera, prospicio, quis freta ventus* agat/ CM S- 
 
 125 Et quaecumque procul .venientia lintea vidi. 
 r \JjxwJvlU s ^ pVufltWAa- UAIWV Ur V>. Uvft. Q^uvKhA >U IU 
 Protinui ilia meos auguror esse deos. \ w 
 
 In freta procurro, vix me retinentibus undis, 
 wvovrWJVIobile qua primas porrigit aequor aquas. n r, 
 
 ^ ' r ^VAMiKo^TtMuWAvOtJS 
 
 Quo. .magis aecedunt, .minus et minus utilis'adsto: 
 
 ...'.V**^. dW*vi*^A, . . 
 130 Lmquor, et.ancilhs excipienda cado, , 
 
 yj*A)jj}Biu OJJ^UJ Ur <vv>ajL. f\- *- CW^^JAJVV IjreuJ 
 Est sinus, fedductos modice^falcatus m arcus: 
 
 Ultima . praerupta cornua mole, rigeut.. , 
 
 i i I 
 vuijUli- 
 
 109 e eunti. 109110 Madv. post 114 point et 
 
 utrumque versum nota interrogationis distinguit. 110 E 
 
 plura data. Ill E letissima. 114 E amissas. 116 Madv. 
 manust. 121 E mens tamen, 2 m. corr. mensta. M culmina. 
 EeV litora. 122 M quaeque. E quaque. EeVM litora. 
 
 123 E om. die, transponit frigida sidera. 127 E udis. 
 
 128 e quo,
 
 11. PHYL. DEM. III. BRISEIS ACHILLI. 11 
 
 Hinc mihi suppositas inmittere corpus in undas 
 fuit. et, quoniam fallere pergis, erit;* 
 
 Ad tua me fluctus proiectam litora portent, 
 V 1 ** ^ J ->*<*- yv frf* .tv^bxiJiW; * 
 ccurramque oculjs' mtumulata tuis. 
 
 i 3S 
 
 uritia ferrum ut superes, adamai 
 
 'Non tibi sic' dices 'Phylli, 
 Saepe venenorum sitis est mihi. saepe cruenta 
 
 Traiectam gladio morte perire iuvat. 
 Colla quoque, infidis quia, se nectenda lacertis 
 j Praebuevunt, laqueis. inplicuisse lubet. 
 Stat nece insitura, Jenerum pensare^pudorTem.^, 
 
 In necis erect;!* nar-va futura mora est. 
 
 TLwajAV- ^Mt, OJ&J .3^. ,n<*- 
 
 Inscribere meo causa invidiosa sepulchre. 
 Aut hoc, aut simili carmine notus eris 
 
 'Phyllida Demophoon ^letp dedit, hospea amantem: 
 Tn vjww- ... . . i 
 
 llle necis causam praebuit, ipsa manum. *c- u>4. 
 
 i 45 
 
 *M>SXu^ ^Iflnv 
 
 BBISEIS ACHILLI. 
 is^ a. rapta Briseide littera venit, 
 sne barbaricaGraeca notatama^u. 
 Quascumque aspicies, lacrimae fecere lituras. QAtfe 
 
 Sed tamen et lacrimae pondera vocis habent. 
 Si mihi pauca queri de te dominoque viroque 
 
 Fas est, de domino pauca viroque querar. 
 Non, ego poscenti quod iSum citp tradita ijegi, 
 Culpa tua est. quamvis naec quoque cu^a tua est. 
 
 133 E om. corpus. 134 E quando. 135 E me utfluctiis 
 ...potens. eportus. 137 ~&f re ferrum. 141 2Eom. 142 eV 
 juvat. 144 E om. in margine additur. 146 E similis. 148 
 Ee ilia. 4 Ee hae pro et. 6 E queror. 8 E hoc quoque.
 
 12 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 Nam simul Eurybates me Talthybiusque vocarunt, 
 , ,, Eurybati . data sum Talthybioque, comes. 
 
 >tJi\M^t IVjujw fSjkjAf&A **Mr oUfl. piV*WJL>y) O 
 
 Alter Tn alterius lactantes Turnina voltuni 
 j^Quaerebant taciti, floater ubi esset amor. 
 Dinerrfjpotui. poenae mora grata fuisset. 
 
 Ei mihi, discedens oscula nulla dedi. 
 is At lacrimas sine fine dedi, rupique capillos : 
 
 Infelix iterum sum mihi visa capi. 
 Saepe ego decepto ypliii custode reverti : 
 
 Sed me qui timidam prenderet, hostis eratT 
 Si progressa forem, capererhe nocte timebam, 
 20 -^jOuamlibet ad Priami munus itura nurum. 
 
 Sed Gata sim, quia .danda fui. Tot noctibus absum, 
 Nee repetor. cessasV iraque lenta tua est. 
 Menoetiades turn, cum tradebar, in aurem 
 
 'Quid fles? hie paryo tempore' dixit 'eris.' 
 
 u tjo-*MjU, 
 a s Non repetisse, parumT' pugnas, ne reddar, Achille. 
 
 I nunc, et cupidi nomen amantis .habe. 
 Venerunt ad te Telamone et Amyntore nati, 
 
 Ille gradu propior sauguinis, ille comes, 
 Laertaqiie satus, per quos comitata redirem: J^o w- *&* 
 30 Auxeruntolandae grandia dona preces, 
 Viginti fulvos operoso ex aere lebetas,., 
 
 -,-,..., , ^^tMJ^. 
 
 Ji<t tripodas septem pondere et arte pares: 
 Addita sunt illis auri bis quinque talenta, 
 Bis sex adsueti vincere semper equi, 
 
 ' 9 E vocarant. 11 e spectantes. E vultu. 16 E jam 
 turn. 18 e penderet. 19 Madv. ne cum progressa forem 
 jungit. V om. ne. 21 EeV sum. 23 e in aure. 25 e 
 parum eat. E om. Achille. 26 E et 2 man. 27 E temone 
 amintone. 29 E Lacerte. 30 E duxerunt. EeV blandas. 
 31 E lebetes. 33 E talentas. 34 E bis septem.
 
 777. BRISEIS A CHILLI. 13 
 
 <^0*. ^^v^ 
 Quodque supervacuum ,est, forma praestante puellae 35 
 
 T U'J UuX >VV> 
 
 Lies bides, e versa corpora capta domo: 
 Cumque tot his. . .sed non opus est tibi coniuge. . .coniunx 
 Ex Agamemnoniis una puella tribus. 
 
 Si tibi ab Atride pretio . redimeijda fuissem, 
 Scr/^-v. /1 i < ^4- V 9 -, cvcCaK WVA]. u>UvsL **U <wo 
 Quae dare debueras, accipere iITa 'negas 
 
 Qua merui culpa fieri tibi vilisr'Achi 
 
 K.CJJJ!_ 
 
 Quo i levis a nobis tarn cito fugit amor 1 
 An miseros tristis , fortuua tenaciter urget, 
 
 XT K^T^V^^MA^V. , . , 
 
 .Nec vemt inceptis moilior bora meisf 
 Diruta marte tuo Lyrnesia. moenia vidi, 
 
 A-AXUXV Lyvv*vt. 
 
 Et fueram patriae pars ego magna meae. 
 Vidi consortes pariter generisque necisque 
 
 Tres cecidisse. tribus, quae mihi, mater erat. 
 .,. <4- WSL^CVJ^. ., 
 
 Vidi, quantus erat, iusum tellure cruenta, 
 . uAUWMt . , 
 
 Pectora lactantem .sangumolenta virum. t 5 o 
 
 \*fex>>uJSM> * ^JiSC^i. W*. *fc tfX,d\flcvUUC . f<>\ *" XvflUvU 
 
 Tot tamen amissis te compensavimus uuum : f 
 Tu dominus, tu vir, tu mihi frater eras. 
 
 Tu mihi, iuratus per numina matris aquosae, 
 
 " HJtue dicebas ipse fuisse capi... 
 
 Scilicet ut, quaruvis veniam dotata, repellas, 5S 
 
 Et mecum fugias quae tibi dantur, opes. 
 
 Quin etiam fama est, cum crastina fulserit eos, la*M>v - 
 
 L j 
 
 Te dare nubiferis lintea velle notis. 
 
 Quod scelus ut pavidas miserae mihi contigit aures. 
 _ . . ^co. . .. 
 
 Sanguinis atque animi pectus mane fuit. 60 
 
 37 E cumque tot his opus est tibi conjuge addita conjux. 
 39 E sit. EeV Atrida. 44 EV aura. 45 E tua. 48 
 Pa quae men mater. 4 ( J E vi. 55 EeV repettar. 57 EeV 
 liora. 58 Ee linea vela. V lintea plena.
 
 14 OV1DII EPISTULAE. 
 
 Ibis, et...o miseram...cui me, violente, relinquis, 
 
 Quis mihi desertae mite levamen erit? 
 Devorer ante, precor, subito telluris hiatu, 
 
 Aut rutilo missi fulminis igne cremer, 
 65 Quam sine me Phthiis canescant aequora remis, 
 
 Et videam puppes ire relicta tuas. 
 Si tibi iam reditusque placent patriique penates, 
 
 N"on ego sum classi sarcina magna tuae. 
 Victorem captiva sequar, non nupta maritum: 
 7 Est mihi, quae lanas molliat, apta manus. 
 Inter Achaeiadas longe pulcherrima matres 
 In thalamos cpniunx ibit eatque tuos, 
 
 socero, lovis Aeginaeque nepote, 
 Juique senex Nereus jaupsoper esse "VlftlrL j 
 75 NoaniimileslSmulaeque tuae"aata pensatrahemus,^ 
 Et minuent plenas stamina nostra colos. 
 
 Wi/wv*A- Exagitet ne. me tantum tua, deprecor, uxor, 
 
 i*v*l4unA> a^. frWJWx. 
 Quae mihi nescio quo non ent aequa modo, 
 
 Neve naeos .opram scindi patiare capillos, 
 80 . Et leviteiMdicas.'haec quoque nostra fuit.' 
 
 Yel "patiare' Hcey dam ne contempta .relimiuar: ..- 
 
 "" TT . TTt . -fjaJMui VAU ftvvLnu\OMb- IJ- ImtwAX*'^ 
 
 Hie mihi vae miserae concutlt ossa metus. 
 Quid tamen expectas? Agamemnona paenitet irae, 
 
 Et iacet ante tuos Graecia maesta pedes. 
 85 Vlnce ammos^iramque tuam, qui cetera, vincis. 
 
 Quid lacerat Danaas impiger Hector opes 
 
 63 E devoror. 64 E at, 2 man. aut. 65 E quaficiis. 
 67 E redditus placeant. 68 E sapcina magne. 69 E sequar 
 captiva. 72 E thalamo. 76 E emwiuent. 79 E nene. 
 80 E leniter. 81 E ut patiare. * dum non. E contenta.
 
 \nv> <p\XM W-VJIAV 3 \HWfc. MAW V^VM/VV I 
 
 Arma cape, Aeacide, sed meftamen ante recepta, Iciliavw uis 
 
 Et preme turbatos Marte favente viros. 
 Propter me mota est, propter me desinat ira: 
 
 Simque ego tristitiae causa modusque tuae. 90 
 
 Nee tibi turpe puta precibus succumbere nostris. 
 
 Coniugis Oenides versus in arma prece est. 
 Res audita mihi, nota est tibi. fratribus orba 
 
 Devovit nati spemque A caputque parens. _ n ,i 
 
 am * vadfA. TSjfriO* AM OMVW y "CcVU 
 
 rJellum erat. ille terox positis secessit. ab armis, > 95 
 
 Et patriae rigida mente iiegavit opemT^ 
 Sola virum coniunx flexit. Felicior ilia! 
 
 At mea pro nullo pondere verba cadunt. 
 -_ foAto. it i . wwiv or M\*iMHL 
 
 Nee tamen mdignor. nee me pro coniuge geasi. 
 
 Saepius in domini serva vocata torum. 100 
 
 Me quaedam, memini, .dpminam captiva vocabat: 
 
 ca -i- j j- T^-^ 1 *- -^^c.jj- ) 
 
 'Servitio dixi 'nominis addis onus. 
 
 Per tamen ossa yiri subito male tecta sepulchre, 
 
 k^. W.M Mfvi*UA?V\ 
 
 bemper mdicus ossa/ verenda meis. , . .1 . 
 Perque trium fortes animgfe, mea nunmia,, fratrum, is 
 
 Qui bene pro patria cum patriaque iacent, 
 Perque tuum nostrumque caput, quae iunximus una, 
 
 Perque tuos enses, cognita tela meis, 
 
 Nulla Mycenaeum sociasse cubilia mecum 
 T f i, , Aa/ic.nA- VVA. Ur u&i\. tvnOfl 
 
 luro. tallentem deseruisse velis. (/ no 
 
 Si tibi nunc dicam, 'fortissime, tu quoque iura 
 Nulla tibi sine me gaudia facta,' neges. 
 
 87 E arma cape Aeacide sed ne finiat tamen. ..errore e v. 89 
 contracto. 89 E finiat. 92 V Aeacides. 95 E bello. 
 97 E Tola. V fiexit conjux. 101 e me memini quondam, 
 107 E quod.
 
 16 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 / At Danai maerere putant. Tibi plectra moventur, 
 
 Te tenet in tepido mollis amica sinu. 
 us Et si quis quaerat, quare pugnare recuses; 
 
 Pugna nocet. citharae noxque Yenusque iuvant. ^ 
 Tutius est iacuisse toro, tenuisse puellam, 
 ThreTciam digitis increpuisse lyisami i i... 
 
 . & * >^ypvvcU*. 4ftAx 
 
 iom TYI d m VkuBhbts* n rwirva f*+. amltaa' rncmrll nact.G 
 
 Quam manibSlKclipeos et acutae' cuspidls nastam, 
 120 Et galeam pressa sustinuisse coma. 
 
 Sed tibi pro tutis insignia facta placebant, 
 
 Partaque bellando gloria dulcis erat. 
 An tantum, dum me caperes, fera bella probabaa, 
 
 Cumque rnea patriaMug tua victa iacetl 
 I2 5 Di melius ! validoque, precor, vibrata lacerto 
 
 Transeat Hectoreum Pelias hasta latus!i-i ov 
 Mittite me, Danai. dominum legata rogabo, 
 Multaque mandatis oscula mixta^feram.^ 
 Plus ego quam Phoenix, plus quam facifiidus Ulixes, 
 '3 Plus ego quam Teucri...credite!...frater agam. 
 
 Est aliquid, collum solitis tetigisse .Ucertis, 
 ,i I i -o , . , iXOwJ^jl wv^K U^ 
 
 i)W5. ojpiVPraesentisque oculos admonuisse sinu. 
 
 Sis licet immitis, matrisque ferpcior undis, 
 . ^W-SSfi..MS.1^tvO^,^' 
 Ut taceam, lacnmis ' commmuere meis. 
 
 1 3S Nunc quoque...sic omnes-Peleus pater impleat annos, 
 1^1 Sic eat auspiciis Pyrrhus ad arma tuis!... 
 Respice*! Bonicnam Briseida, fortis Achille, 
 
 XT i f WJUtfUL 
 
 JNec miseram lenta ferreus ure mora. 
 
 115 eV et si quis quaerat. M et quisquam quaerit. Pa Si 
 quis jam. E et quisquis quaerit. E recusset. 116 E juvat. 
 117 E puella. 119 E om. clipeos, add. 2 man. 123 e 
 parabas. 127 dominum Danai. 128 E dabo. 131 e 
 temiisse. 132 e praesentes. EePa sinu. Madv. sui. M 
 simim. 136 V sic erat. Madv. arma patris. E in arma.
 
 ///. BRIS. ACHIL. IV. PHAE. HIPP. 17 
 
 - 
 
 Aut, si versus amor tuus est in taedia n 
 Quam sine te cogis vivere, coge mo 
 
 '"}M.UOMwA 
 
 . . .w . . 
 
 ue, facis, Fcoges., abut oorpusque colorque f 
 
 d-UflVji i\\. M*. ftH-o^*- uAl%wxfl 1LA wjAtU.(H- UM. 
 Sustmet hoc' ammae spes tamen una ttu:r 
 
 Qua si destituor, repetam fi-atresque virumque ; 
 
 Nee tibi magnificuiu femina iussa morL 
 Cur autem iubeas ? Stricto pete corpora fen-o: 145 
 
 Est mihi, qui fosso pectore sanguis eat. 
 Me petat ille tuns, qui, si dea passa fuisset, 
 jy^ Ensis iu Atridae pectus iturus erat. 
 A*^potius serves nostram, tua munera, vitam. 
 
 , lrt Quod dederas hosti victor, arnica rogo. 150 
 
 WWW COWA. fcOtoi W. 
 -rerdere quos meliua possis,. Neptunia praebent 
 
 vw^A^Vfcfil*' 
 Pergama. materiamcaedis ab hoste pete. 
 
 Me modo, sive paras impellere remige classem, 
 Sive manes, domini iure venire iube. 
 
 IV. 
 
 PHAEDRA HIPPOLYTO. , . , 
 
 ikf w <WWaJl lo- Vttck vuvws&j L\ ap&fll Kw 
 QUA, nisi tu dederis, cantura est ipsa salutem P 
 
 Mittit Amazonio Cressa .puella viro..ft ,i . l I 
 
 wWliyl- K&V"- uXSil^ IWL njtOk^u ft \ 
 
 Per^ege quodcujnque est. Qw-d epistola lecta nocebitf * 
 Te quoque'iu'liac aliquidquOd luveft, esse^potesty* 
 
 TT- li ^f3>A^, WlUA*M_ . - 
 
 His arcana notis terra pelagoque feruntur. 5 
 
 Inspicit acceptas hostis ab hoste notas. 
 
 139 Ee at. 142 e sustinet haec animi...mei. V hoc animi 
 ...tibi. In comment. V. legit animae. 143 V destituar. 
 144 E uissa. 146 /two. 149 EV at. e aut. E vita. 
 150 e quam. E hostis. 153 E implere. 154 eV more. 
 1 EfV salutem. MPa salute. 3 E om. et. /eta. 4 E uiuet. 
 
 o. 2
 
 18 
 
 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 Ter tecum conata loqui f ter inutilis haesit 
 
 .Lmgua, J;ej-.in.primo destitit ore sonus. 
 Qua liceuet seqmtur,\puaor est miscendus amori. 
 
 Dicere quae puduit, scribere iussit amor. 
 Quidquid Amor iussit., inon est Gpnte 
 
 Regnat et ir/aominos ms habet 
 Ille mihi ptimo dubitanti. scribere .dixit. 
 
 'Scribe! daoit viuctas ferreus ille manus.' 
 Adsit. et ut nostras avidorfovej; igne medullas, 
 
 . VliKAAAfVK. iJUJV USLOUaJV- W-ftJvdXoT, 1"" 
 
 .bieat' sic ^ammos in mea'vota tu^ 
 
 temnere tutum : 
 
 JffMfc* CSvfo 4-c 
 me deos. 
 
 quaeras. 
 Venit amor gravius, quo serius. urimur intus: 
 
 Urimur, et caecum pectora yulnus habent. 
 Scilicet ut teneros laedunt iuga prima iuvencos, 
 
 Frenaque vix patitur de grege captus equus, 
 
 . . . A'9<K&'-lJ>\KijK. 
 
 Sic male vixque subit primes I rude pectus amores, 
 
 ^ sedet apta me x 
 
 25 rs,- uo a ners cnmenrcondiscitur aunis: 
 
 * *- *** W- ** * * W tn> ? 
 
 ppre- pei 
 'arpes lioamina 
 trum, fiet 
 
 Tu nova 
 
 Arsfit,- uoi a teneris c 
 
 IAH^ * *A- ***VV W- U**^ . 
 
 l3 uae venitxato temppre- peius ama 
 
 mmae : 
 nocens. 
 
 T-, , ,. . , . ^3, U*J&. * 
 
 Est aliquid, plenis pomaria carpere ramis 
 Et tenui primam delegere ungue rosam. 
 Si tamen ille prior, quo me sine crimine gessi, 
 
 .Candor ab insolita labe notandus erat, 
 j J*-,v\* '> 1 ^CTcuriyx j- j j 
 
 At bene successit, digno quod adurimur igni. 
 
 eius adulterio turpis ^idulter obest. 
 
 17 E federe. 19 E serior. 
 25 E sit. 26 M obelo notavit. 
 diligere. 31 EeV sic. 
 
 23 E primo. 
 27 ePa capies. 
 
 amorem. 
 30 E
 
 lam quoque... vix credes... Mgnota's mu'tor in artes 
 Est mihi per saevas impetus ire feras. 
 
 lam mihi prima dea est arcu praesimis adunco 
 
 uAVe/> 
 Delia, iudicium subsequor ipsa tuum. 
 
 In nemus ire libet, pressisque in retia cervis 
 
 Hortari celeris pas iuga fiumma canes, 
 iKiourtbw. wv&koA. Via/wk/vw 
 Aut tremulum excusso laculum vibrare lacerto, 
 
 Aut in graminea ponere corpus humo. 
 Saepe iuvat versare leves in pulvere currus, 
 
 Torquentem frenis ora fugaci^ equi. . 
 N unc feror, ut Bacchi furus Eleleiaes actae, 
 
 Quaeque sub Idaeo tympana colle movent, (. t 
 Aut quas semideae Dryades . Faunique bicovnes 
 
 Numine confacfe^"a^nuere^sua^ xc ^ 
 Namque mihi referunt, cum se furor ille remisit, 
 
 Omnia. me Qtacitam cpnscius urit *niOT. \ 
 Forsitan nunc generis fato/redaamus amorem, 
 
 Et Venus ex tota gente tributa petat. 
 lupiter Europeu... prima est ea gentis origo... 
 
 Dilexit, teuro dissimulante deum. 
 Perfidus Aegides, .ducentia fila.gecut 
 
 UurvaTneaeiugit, tecta sororis ope. A ' i I 1 
 
 ^ ta^. M JvJ *****a- i/rjtf^ ^i^s V^oweUA- 
 
 Jlin, ego nunc, ne^orte parum MinoiaTcredar, foi 
 
 \ In socias leges ultima gentis eo. 
 1 tt^< <SaA^SUk flva- - 
 
 i <i| 
 
 UfiiLk. v>k (V**L 
 
 y 
 
 37 eVPa mittor, Sed nihil est cur codices PGE deseramus. 
 41 2 e post 38 exhibet. 41 E pressis in. 45 E servare. 
 47 E eleideis. V eleides. 50 E contactus. 51 e ipse. 
 53 E fato generis sectamur. 54 eV petit. 55 E Europam. 
 56 e virum. 61 E Minoida. 
 
 22
 
 20 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 Hoc quoque fatale est. i placuii dam us ,una duabus. 
 __ *"fr <WM*I ut*j> cflkovjiiiu <p, yodu^^, i . 
 
 Me tua forma caplt. capta parentd ' soror. T* v 
 
 65 Theseides Theseusque duas rapuere sorores. 
 
 me 
 
 Tune mihi 
 CVkUvv**^. . 
 7 Acer in extremis ossibus haesit amor. 
 
 Candida vestis , erat. praecincti <&pre capilli, 
 _, -^v^SW: ' * CHOoL r ' 
 
 Flava verecundus tinxerat ora. rubor: 
 
 f\ - L T U *f** V ' * T 
 
 Quemque vocant ahae vultum ngidumqne trucemque, 
 
 (A*- Ti ^XV(SJJiM4wt 
 
 Pro rigido, Phaedra iudice, fortis erat. 
 
 75 Sint.procul a nobis iuvenes ut femina compti: 
 
 y^oieWi . 5it 
 
 Fine coh modico forma virihs amat. 
 
 Te tuus iste rigor, r positique sine arte capilli, 
 
 Et levis egregio pulvis in ore decet. 
 Sive fjerqcis.equi luctantia colla .recurvas,ouSr, 
 
 u9v>Jia, <^V I*ML VojK^flL- lMU- < Jl> VM *tA ^>j*^- CHvViie . oWxoa. 
 
 80 Jixigup nexos miror iif orbe pedes : 
 Seu lent^m valido torques hastile lacerto, 
 
 Ora eroxin se versa lacertus habet : 
 
 *asv.\S. ^w& 
 Sive tenes lato venabula cornea ferro, 
 
 Denique nostra iuvas lumina, quicquid agas. 
 k 85 Tuinodo duritiam silvis depone iugosi 
 
 J OAA. - 
 
 . 
 
 on sumTmatma digna perireftua. 
 Quid iuvat incinctae studia exercere Dianae, 
 10 If Et Veneri numer'os eripuisse suos ? 
 
 65 E theusque. 66 E nostro. 67 EV Eleusis. e tempore 
 quo visa est nobis Cerealis Eleusis. 72 E cinxerat. e pudor. 
 74 E erit. 77 E positi sine. 80 E flexes. 81 E lacertos. 
 82 E lacertum. 84 EeV tuvat. E agis. 85 e duritias. 
 
 V duritiem. 86 Pa militia conj. Am. 2, 14, 6 collate. Frustra 
 opinor. 87 E vetat.
 
 IV. PHAEDRA HIPPOLYTO. 21 
 
 Quod caret alterna requie, durabile non est: 
 
 Haec reparat vires fessaque membra novat. . ft 
 Uyj_ <vwvv H- ,'H'V. ^. vkyv~T *_ ***iMiwJ^ V 
 Arcus... et arma tuae ,'tioi aunt nimitariaa Dianae.. 
 
 nimit 
 , i3K, 
 Si numquam cesses tendere, moms ent. 
 
 Clarus erat silvis Cephalus, multaeque per herbas 
 ciderant..illo.. ( percutifinte-iferae 
 
 - . . - 
 
 Net tamen Aurorae male se praebebat amandum. 
 
 Ibat ad hunc sapiens a sene diva viro. 
 Saepe sub ilicibus Venerem Cinyraque creatum 
 
 Sustinuifc ppsitos quaelibet lierba duos. 
 Ai-sit et Oenidesin Maeiialia^Atalanta : 
 
 Ilia ferae spolium pignus amoris habet. 
 Nos quoque iam primum turba numeremur in ista 
 
 Si Venerem tollas, rustica silva tua est. 
 Ipsa comes.veniaHi. pec jne latebrpsa.. movebunt 
 
 Saxa, neque obiiquosdente Timenous aper. 
 
 Aequora bina .suis .obpugnant fluctibus Isthmon, 
 ^oj^Afr/^otiGs^ f., & 
 tt tenuis^tellus audit utrumque mare. 
 
 Hie tecum Troezena colam, Pittheia regna : 
 
 Iam nunc est patria gratior ilia mea. ^ 
 
 r Mc5^_ '. *aAMj 
 
 empore abest, aberitque diu Neptunius neros 
 
 Ilium Perithoi detinet ora sui. 
 Praeposuit Theseus... nisi si_ manifesta negernu 
 
 Perithoum Phaedrae, Perithoumque tibi. 
 Sola nee haec ad nos iniuria venit ab illo. 
 
 In magnis laesi rebus uterque sumus. 
 
 90 e renovat...levat. 91 E om. tibi sunt. 93 eV Cephalus 
 silvis. E herbam. 95 E aurerae. 99 E thalanta. 103 
 e tenebrosa. V salebrosa. E movebant. 104 E nee. 107 
 E pbeida. 108 E carior. 110 E pirothani. Ill E theseus 
 nobis. EeV nisi nos...negamus. M nisi nos... negemus.
 
 22 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 . . . 'AvdALxal V ty Wk. ^u^- 
 
 Ossa mei tratris clava perffacta trinodr 
 
 Sparsit humi. sororest praeda relicta feris. 
 Prima securigeras inter virtute puellas 
 
 Te peperit, nati digna vigore parens. 
 Si quaeras, ubi sit... Theseus latus eiise peregit : 
 
 Nee tanto mater pignore tuta fuit. 
 At ne uupta quidem, taedaque accepta ivgaU. 
 
 Cur, nisi ne caperes regna paterna nothus ' 
 Addidit et fratres ex me tibi. quos tamen omnis 
 
 Non ego tolleridrJr causa, sed ille fuit. 
 O utinam nocitura tibi, pulcherrime rerum, ) 
 
 In medio nisu viscera rupta forent ! 
 
 '*J 1 4.' 
 
 nunc, sic meriti lectum reverere parentis : 
 
 9*}*^/> -"r 1 li^i^o *>AJVV WU*)v\ 
 Quern fugit etviactis 1 abdicat ipse suis. . 
 
 . MoW-.<Xrv^ .. *gK. M 
 
 .ec, quia privigno videar coitura noverca, 
 
 5\ 
 
 erruerint animos nomiua vana tuos. 
 
 Ista vetus pietas, aevo moritura future, 
 
 Rustica Saturno regna teuente fuit. 
 luppiter esse pium statuit, quodcumque iuvaret : 
 
 Et fas omne facit fratre inarita soror. ^wvtn , 
 13 J Ilia coit firma generis iunctura catena, 
 
 Imposuit nodos cui Venus ipsa suos. 
 Nee labor est. celare licet, pete munus ab ilia. 
 
 Cognato, poterit nomine culpa tegi. 
 
 120 E mater tanto. 121 eV nee nupta. E quid est tela. 
 e recepta. 124 E ipse. 127 eV i nunc et. E immitis. 
 sic superscr. 128 E quae. EePa M ille, quod paene sensu 
 caret, ipse e G. reposui. 129 E pcritura sed co superscript. 
 132 E tenen. te superscr. Post 13i! e exhibet duos versus 
 Saturnus periit, perierunt et sua jura: Sub Jove nunc mundxu, 
 jura Jovis sequere. 135'Ecogit. 136 E nu Venus. 137 
 Madv. Nee labor est celare; licet; pete munus ab ipsa (so. a
 
 IV. PHAEDRA HIPPOLYTO. 23 
 
 Tolle moras tantum, properataque foedera iunge ! 
 
 Qui mihi nunc saevit, sic tibi parSat Ajno'r. 
 Non ego dedignor supplex humilisque precari. 
 
 Heu ! ubi nunc fastus altaque verba iacent?^^ 150 
 
 Ajr\V&$- . j^ 
 
 Et puguare diu, nee me summittere culpae 7 
 
 Certa fui, c&rti siquid haberet amor. 
 Victa precor, genibusque tuis regalia tendo 
 
 Bracchia. Quid deceat, jipn. videt ullus amans. 
 Depuduit, profugusque pudor sua^igna reliquit. , S5 
 veniam fassae, duraque corda doma ! 
 
 Quod mihi sit genitor, qui possidet aequora, Minos, 
 
 Quod veniant proavfj fulmina torta manu, 
 
 r\ A * A- V^S^^ii 4. V5^S 
 
 Quod sit avus radus Trontem vailatus^acuus 
 
 Purpureo tepidum qui movet axe diem... ,60 
 
 Nobilitas sub amore iacet. miserere priorum, 
 
 Et mihi si non vis parcere, parce meis ! . t t" 
 Est mihi dotalis tellus lovis insula, Crete. 
 
 Serviat Hippolyto regia tota meo. 
 Per Venerem, parcas, oro, quae plurima mecum est ! 
 
 Sic numquam, quae - te spemere possit, ames : 
 Sic tibi secretis agilisoea saltibus adsit, 
 
 Silvaque perdendas praebeat alta feras : 
 Sic faveant satyri, montanaque numina Panes, 
 
 r,. j.i v>^<W^V.C V^TO^ 
 
 Jbt cadat adversa cuspide fossus aper : 
 Sic tibi dent nymphae... quamvis odisse puellas 
 Diceris... arentem quae levet unda sitim. 
 
 Venere). Confert Kem. 409, A. A. 2, 575. E post ilia supersc. 
 Venere. 147 E tantatum. 150 eV heus. 157 e quid mihi 
 quod. 159 E radii. 161 E pro miserere repetit sub amore. 
 169 E dam pro dea. 171 E fauni pro Panes.
 
 24 OVID 11 EPISTULAE. 
 
 175 Addimus his precibus lacvimas quoque. Verba precantis 
 
 Perlegis. et lacrimas finge videre meas. 
 
 v^ 
 
 V. 
 
 OENONE PAEIDL 
 
 PERLEGIS, an coniunx prohibet nova? perlege! non est 
 
 Ista Mycenaea littera facta manu. 
 Pegasis Oenone, Phrygiis celeberrima silvis, 
 
 Laesa queror de te, si sinis ipse, meo. 
 s Quis deus opposuit nostris sua numina votis? 
 
 Ne tua permaneam, quod mihi crimen obest? 
 
 Leniter, ex merito quicquid patiare, ferendum est. 
 
 ,. 1,1 QsAvc^X^ Vi-f ' 
 
 Quae venit indigno poena, dolenda venit. 
 
 Nondum tantus eras, cum te contenta marito 
 10 Edita de magno flumine nympha fui- 
 Qui nunc Priamides,... absit reverentia 
 
 Servus eras, servo nubere nympha tuli. 
 Saepe greges inter requievimus arbore tecti, 
 
 Mixtaque cum foliis praebuit herba torum. 
 15 Saepe super stramen fenoque iacentibus alto 
 
 Defensa est humili can a pruina casa-j^AWi. \\s< Nfi '''^ 
 Quis tibi monstrabat sajtus yenatibus aptos/ 
 Et tegeret catulos qu^Iera rupe supsj , v \^ 
 Retia saepe comes macuus distincba^tetendi: 
 ao Saepe citos egi per iuga longa canes. 
 
 V. * Ee sic incipinnt : sed e distinxit quasi prologum : Nym- 
 pha suo Paridi quamvis suus esse recuset Mittit ab Idaeis verba 
 legenda jugis. 3 Madv. Pedasis. E Oenona, e supersc. silves, 
 i supersc. 4 EeV ipse. PaM ipsa. 8 EeV in digne. 9 E 
 
 i 
 
 te superscr. 11 P pamides. V adsit. 16 EV depressa. 
 e deprewa. 20 EV summa.
 
 V. OENONE PARIDL 25 
 
 Incisae servant a te , mea, nomina 
 
 M- iA \0 .*< te&Km^. Vuw. 
 Et legor Oenorte falce notata tua : 
 
 Et quantum trunci,,ia|ntum meanomina crescunt : 25 
 Crescite, et in titulos surgite^rectarmeos. 
 
 Popule, vive, precor, quae'cqnsrta, margine ripae 
 
 . . tw>vUHJC ./Wi^QCUevv, , 
 
 Hoc in rugoso cortice carmen nabes 
 ' Cum Paris Oenone poterit spirare relicta, 
 
 Ad fontem Xanthi versa recurret aqua.' 30 
 
 Xanthe, retro propera, versaeque recurrite lymphae ! 
 
 Sustinet Oenonen deseruisse Paris. 
 Ilia dies fatum miserae mihi dixit, ab ilia 
 
 Pessima mutati coepit amoris .hiemps,, i i 
 
 _. _ rt-M^la. CCwjAXU. VV&W\.*A.J. 3&M&AA * <WVWi 
 
 Qua .. V enus et . luno, sumptisque decentior armis 3S 
 
 Vi^yjjjjl^^ V.\ ^ M ^ i -^\\L. 
 
 Venit in arDitrium nuda Minerva tuum. 
 
 Attoniti micuere sinus, gelidusque cucurrit, 
 
 Ut mihi narrasti, dura per ossa tremor., j 
 Consului... neque enim modice'tecrebar... anusque 
 
 Long^xevosque senesTtfconstmt ease nefas. 
 Caesa abies, sectaeque trabes. et classe parata 
 
 Caerula ceratas accipit unda rates, 
 sti discedens... hoc saltiin mrce negare : 
 
 Praetento magis %s iste ^dendus^amortT^XotK y^ L 
 Et flesti, et nostros vidisti flentis ocellos : 
 
 Miscuimus lacrimas maestus uterque suas. 4 t 
 
 Non sic adpositis vincitur vitibus ulmus, 
 
 Ut tua sunt collo bracchia nexa meo. 
 
 24 VPa rite.' Post 22 Eeaddtmt, Populus est meminl fluviali 
 consita ripa'(Ei rivo) Est in qua nostri litera scripta memor. 
 28 e nomen. 31 V nymphae. 33 EeV duxit. 37 E 
 
 micueres sin'. 38 timor. 40 E senos, e supersc. 41 e 
 caesaeque trabes. 42 E certas, a supersc. 44 5 M obelo 
 notavit. 45 E flentis socellos.
 
 26 OVIDII E FISTULAS. 
 
 A ! quotiens, cum te vento quererere teneri, 
 50 .-iRiserunt comites.. ,ille secundus era 
 
 ,ille se 
 y*^ w 
 
 Oscula dimissae quotiens repetita dedisti, 
 Quam vix sustinuit dicere lingua 'vale.' 
 
 Aura .levis rigido pendentia lintea 
 ijUjvs o> u>VAt, 
 
 buscitat, et remis emta canet aqua. 
 
 55 Prosequor infelix oculis abeuntia vela, 
 
 Qua licet, et lacrimis umet arena meis. 
 Utque celer venias, virides, Nereidas oro: 
 
 .Scilicet ut venias in*' mea aamna. celer. 
 
 AU-JAV (C"L "**f)r WX{*-3 WjL><. *"iP^ AAMAJSMOC^ n 
 
 otis eoo meis .am rediture. redistil.. 
 wvE^MfifA- A- ty^tw*?. *AwfS. 
 
 60 Ei mini, pro dirsK pence blanda fui ! 
 r j r.r^i r^- 
 
 as in mea damna ceer. 
 
 t. *.-> Wqu^. <*ff^ *sj*f>Q& a W 0)AvfrVk*M v >*^*<lUA. 
 
 otis erjgo meis.alii reditura redisti?... 
 
 iM/pro 
 
 . . . * ,. 
 
 Aspicit inmensum 8 moles nativa. lU'ofundum 
 
 f/r f *. -11 ^WUWL . 
 
 Mons tint, aequoi'eis ilia resistit aquis : 
 Hinc ego vela tuae cogno;vL prima carinae, 
 
 Et mini per fluctus, impetus ire , fuit. , , . 
 
 ^ AUW- V-ovKV -ffiA^ ^jJli*. WLoV U**- Vvur 
 65 Dum moror, in summa fulsit mini purpura' prora. 
 
 Pertimui. cultus non erat ille tuus. 
 
 Fit propior, terrasque cita ratis attigit aura^: 
 Femineas vidi corde tremente genas. 
 
 Non satis id fuerat... quid enim furiosa morabar?... 
 7 o Haerebat gremio turpis arnica tuo. 
 
 Tune ve*-o rupique sinus et pectora planxi, 
 Et secui madidaa ungue rigente genas, 
 
 Implevique sacram querulis ululatibus Iden. 
 Illuc has lacrimas in mea saxa tuli. i 
 
 o- TT i J i ,^*ftJJlAA WvvKiA V^ftVOiMli. 
 
 75 hie Helene doleat^esertaque comuge ploret, 
 Quaeque prior nobis intulit, ipsa ferat. 
 
 52 e quod vix. 53 e Phrygio. 56 e quod licet. 57 E 
 Nereias. GQTZettibi. 63 eprima...vela. 69 E morabor. 
 73 E Mam. 74 E illincas. 
 
 i-
 
 V. OENONE PARIDL 27 
 
 Nunc tibi conveniuut quae te per aperta sequantur 
 Aequora, legitimos destituantque viros. 
 
 At cum pauper eras armentaque pastor agebas, 
 Nulla nisi Oenone pauperis uxor erat. 
 
 Non ego miror opes, nee me tua regia tangit, 
 Nee de tot Priami dicar ut una nurus. >Uuu|Vwi- 
 
 Npn,tameniU Priamus , nymphae socer ease recuset, 
 
 aJi- 9 -lU^uSi"^. cs. AOutMWK-. ftv-Qbiur V^ . SttACAn> - 
 
 Aut Hecubae iuenm dissiniulanda ' nurus. 
 Dignaque sum et cupio fieri matrona potentis : 85 
 
 Sunt miMj.quas possint sceptra decere, manus. 
 Nee me, faginea quod tecum fronde iacebam, 
 TDespice. purpureo sum magis apta toro. 
 Denique tutus amor meus est tibi. nulla pai'antur 
 
 ,, Bella, nee ultrices advehit unda rates. 90 
 
 nT^ivw .,.,.-.... 
 lynqaris iniestis iugitiva reposcitur armis : 
 
 Hac venit in thalamos dote superba tuos. 
 Quae si sit Danais reddenda, vel Hectora fratrem, 
 
 Vel cum Delphobo Polydamanta roga. 
 Quid era vis Antenor, Priamus quid suadeat ipse, 95 
 
 * n & . \* uA^ ' w?.f^^raw L^J' 
 
 Uousule, quis aetas longa magistra fult. 
 
 Turpe rudimentum, patriae praepon 
 _T n ; Kcx^Uu.v 
 
 Causa pudenda tua est.. iusta.Fi, ar 
 
 XT J.-1-- HTj 1 " 4 - ^^p A ~ 
 JNec tibi, si sapias, fidam promit 
 
 ' JL ' 1. 
 
 Quae sit in amplexus tam cito versa t 
 Ut minor Atrides temerati foederalecti 
 lamat, et externo laesus aniore dolet, 
 
 77 EeV nunc tecum veniunt. eV sequuntur. 78 Ee 
 
 destituunt. 84 e haut. 85 oin. et. 86 EV possunt. 
 
 ( quae possunt... tenere. 90 E adveit. 93 E ut Hectora. 
 94 E ut cum deiphebo. 99 E cupias. 101 E temerata.
 
 28 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 Tu quoque clamabis. Nulla reparabilis arte 
 
 Laesa pudicitia est. deperit ilia semeLcAtfl. $ 
 105 Ardet amore tui? sic et Menelaon amavit. 
 JNuhc lacet in viduo credulus ille toro. 
 
 *4**^ii TP 1 >W>C SP 1 \. V 
 
 II r elix ^ Andromache, certo bene H T 
 ^TJxorTaa exemplum fratris habenda 
 
 I Tu levior foliis, turn cum. sine pondere suci 
 iko Mobilibus ventis an<m Sacta volanty 
 
 \ Et minus est in te, quam summa'pondus arista, 
 Quae levis assiduis solibus usta rigetM >WwocSSlaJi 
 oc tua... nam recolo.. .quondam germana,_ canebat. 
 Sic mihi diffusis vaticmata comis i i 
 
 n /-v i twVuAA/l. 
 
 ic? Quid arenae semina mandas? 
 4n\. ^ 
 
 littora bubus aras. 
 
 Graia iuvenca venit, quae te patriamque domumque 
 'uxxrtvPerdat! io prohibe! Graia iuvenca venit! 
 
 Dum licet, obscenam ponto demergite puppim! 
 120 Heu, quantum Phrygii sanguinis ilia vehit!' 
 Dixerat. in cursu famulae rapuere furentem. 
 
 At mihi flaventes diriguere comae. 
 Ah! nimium miserae vates mihi vera fuisti. 
 
 Possidet, en, saltus Graia iuvenca meos! 
 125 Sit facie quamvis insignis, adultera certe est. 
 
 Deseruit socios hospite capta deos. 
 Illam de patria Theseus,... nisi nomine fallor... 
 Nescio quis Theseus abstulit ante sua. 
 
 105 E Menelaon ominavit. 106 E jacet et. 108 E 
 
 fuit. 109 E tune cum. 110 E cadunt. Ill V quam in 
 lyumma. 112 E riget vel jacet. 113 e haec tua quae refero. 
 116 E hoc. n super. 118 e perdet. 119 E di mergite. 
 
 120 E venit. 123 e vates miserae. 124 EV illajuvenca. 
 128 eV arte.
 
 ' i i ft o ft v - QRNONE PARIDI. , ' i29 . 
 
 <A- w* >. XWU>JL TwoJ- wvfl. a>Y3 ifl^C&afiH <V'"'vou0ft*\ VH fc^vA 
 
 A iuvene et cupido credatur reddita virgo 1 ?^ ^f**. "**> 
 ?! 00 c< ^ a P er pr?- In tam bene, quaeris] amo. 130 
 t appelres, et culpam nomine veles: 
 Quae totiens rapta est, praebuit ipsa rapi. 
 At manet Oenone fallenti casta marito : 
 
 Et poteras falli legibus ipse tuis. 
 Me satyri celeres... silvis ego tecta latebam... 135 
 
 . .j , uuO<jv*. 
 
 Quaesierant rapido, turba proterva. pede.i i t . 
 n . . . *^2- ^JvuUii 
 
 Cornigerumque caput pinu praecinctus acuta 
 
 Eaunus, in inmensis qua tumet Ida iugia 
 Me fide conspicuus Troiae munitor amavit, 
 
 Admisitque meas ad sua dona manus. 
 Quaecumque herba potens ad opem radixque 
 
 Utilis in toto nascitur orbe, mea est. 
 
 Me .iniseram, quod amor non est medicabilis herbis : 
 
 Ky5ttX(W ,. . 
 
 aHDencior prudens artis ab arte mea. 150 
 
 T iu*JUNL**V-t-UAl*NV ". ~~Tvu 1 
 
 Ipserrepertor opis vaccas pavisse Pheraeas c...ot 
 
 Fertur, et e nostro saucius igne fuit. 
 Quod nee graminibus tellus fecunda creandis, 
 
 Nee deus, auxilium tu mihi ferre potes. 
 Et potes, et merui. dignae miserere puellae ! 
 
 Non ego cum Danais arma cruenta fero. 
 Sed tua sum tecumque fui puerilibus annis, 
 
 Et tua, quod superest temporis, esse precor. 
 
 130 E hec. 132 e ilia. 135 E tuta. casta superset. 
 140 5 Sex versus obelo damnat M. quorum jactura levis est, 
 praesertim pueris. 146 e admovit. E manus meas. 150 
 E deficio. e destituor. 151 2 damnat M. 151 E /areas. 
 e per herbas. 153 E quod neque. 158 E temporibus peto.
 
 30 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 VI. 
 
 HYPSIPYLE IASONI. 
 LITTORA Thessaliae reduci tetigisse carina 
 
 Diceris auratae vellere dives ovis. 
 Gratulor incolumi, quantum sinis. hoc tamen ipso 
 
 Debueram scripto certior esse tuo. 
 s Nam ne pacta tibi praeter mea regna redires, 
 
 Cum cuperes, ventos non habuisse potes. 
 Quamlibet adverse signatur epistola vento. 
 
 Hypsipyle missa digna salute fui. 
 Cur mihi fama prior, quam nuntia litera venitl 
 10 Isse sacros Martis sub iuga panda boves, 
 Seminibus iactis segetes adolesse virorum, 
 
 Inque necem dextra non eguisse tua : 
 Pervigilem spolium pecudis servasse draconem, 
 
 Rapta tamen forti vellera fulva manu... 
 is Haec ego si possem timide credentibus 'ista 
 
 Ipse mihi scripsit' dicere, quanta forem! 
 Quid queror officium lenti cessasse mariti? 
 
 Obsequium, maneo si tua, grande tuli. 
 Barbara narratur venisse venefica tecum, 
 20 In mihi promissi parte recepta tori. 
 
 Credula res amor est. utiuam temeraria dicar 
 
 Criminibus falsis insimulasse virum. 
 Nuper ab Haemoniis hospes mihi Thessalus oris 
 
 Venerat. et tactum vix bene limen erat, 
 
 VI. E ita incipit : E'pnias ypsiphile bachi genus esone nato 
 Dicit. et in verbis pars quota mentis erat. 3 Pa ipsum. 
 
 5 V quidem pro tibi. 7 EeV quaelibet...signetur. 9 Ee 
 
 litera nuntia. 15 e IMC, 20 E futura. recepta superset.
 
 VI. HYPSIPYLE IASONI. 31 
 
 'Aesonides' dixi 'quid agit meus?' Ille pudore 25 
 
 Haesit, in opposita lumina fixus humo. 
 Protinus exilui, tunicisque a pectore ruptia 
 
 'Vivit, an' exclamo 'me quoque fata vocantT 
 'Vivit' ait. timidum quod amat, iurare coegi : 
 
 Vix mini teste deo credita vita tna est. 3 
 
 Utque animus rediit, tua facta requirere coepi. 
 
 Narrat aenipedes Martis arasse boves, 
 Vipereos dentes in humum pro semine iactos, 
 
 Et subito natos arma tulisse viros : 
 Terrigenas populos civili marte peremtos 35 
 
 Inplesse aetatis fata diurna suae. 
 Devicto serpente; iteruni, si vivat lason, 
 
 Quaerimus. alternant spesque timorque fidem. 
 Singula dum narrat, studio cursuque loquendi 
 
 Detegit ingenio vulnera nostra suo. 40 
 
 Heus, ubi pacta fides? ubi connubialia iura, 
 
 Faxque, sub arsuros dignior ire rogos? 
 Non ego sum furto tibi cognita. pronuba luno 
 
 Affuit et sertis tempora vinctus Hymen. 
 At mihi nee luno, nee Hymen, sed tristis Erinys 45 
 
 Praetulit infaustas sanguinolenta faces. 
 Quid mihi cum Minyis, quid cum Tritonide pinu? 
 
 Quid tibi cum patria, navita Tiphy, mea? 
 
 26 E opposi. 27 e om. que. 28 Ee trahunt. 29 E 
 secutus sum. e timide quod ait. MPa timidumque mihi. 31 
 e vixque rediit animus. 32 EV narrat et aeripides. e aeri- 
 
 pedes. 34 E natus. 36 E facta. fata snperscr. 37 E 
 devictus serpens. Et M. qui tarnen 31 38 damnat. E 
 vivit. 38 E post 62 exhibet. 40 Ee facta tuo. 41 E 
 ubi est. 42 E dignion re. 44 E sertis superscr. 47 E quid 
 tritonide. cum super. 48 E nativita.
 
 32 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 erat hie aries villo spectabilis aureo, 
 50 Nee senis Aeetae regia Lemnos erat. 
 
 Certa fui primo... sed me mala fata trahebant... 
 
 Hospita feminea pellere castra manu. 
 Lemm'adesque viros, niinium quoque, vincere norunt. 
 
 Milite tam forti vita tuenda fuit. 
 ss Urbe virum iuvi, tectoque animoque recepi. 
 
 Hie tibi bisque aestas bisque cucurrit hiemps. 
 Tertia messis erat, cum tu dare vela coactus 
 
 Implesti lacrimis talia verba tuis : 
 'Abstrahor, Hypsipyle. sed dent modo fata recursus, 
 60 Vir tuus bine abeo, vir tibi semper ero. 
 Quod tamen e nobis gravida celatur in alvo, 
 
 Vivat, et eiusdem simus uterque parens.' 
 Hactenus. et lacrimis in falsa cadentibus ora 
 
 Cetera te meinini non potuisse loqui. 
 65 Ultimus e sociia sacram conscendis in Argon : 
 
 Ilia volat. ventus concava vela tenet. 
 Caerula propulsae subducitur unda earinae: 
 
 Terra tibi, nobis aspiciuntur aquae. 
 In latus omne patens turris circumspicit undas: 
 70 Hue feror, et lacrimis osque sinusque madent. 
 Per lacrimas specto. cupidaeque faventia menti 
 
 Longius adsueto lumina nostra vident. 
 Adde preces castas, inmixtaque vota timori, 
 Nunc quoque te salvo persoluenda mihi... 
 
 49 e fulvo...auro. Wf villo... auro. SO'Eoete. 51 E 
 earta. EeV meafata. 53 E norant. 54 M causa. 55 
 juvi ex optima conj. Pa edidi. EeVM vidi. 56 e bis aestas. 
 65 M concedis. EPa Argo. 71 EV cupidae...amanti. t 
 
 nimiumque faventia menti. 73 E timoris. e verba. 74 E 
 salvos sunt agitanda, snpersc. persoluenda. riro.
 
 VI. HYPSIPYLE IASON1. 33 
 
 Vota ego persolvam? votis Medea fruetur? 75 
 
 Cor dolet, atque ira mixtus abundat amor. 
 Dona feram templis, vivum quod lasona perdo? 
 
 Hostia pro damnis concidat icta meis 1 ? 
 Non equidem secura f ui ; semperque verebar, 
 
 Ne pater Argolica sumeret urbe nurum. > go 
 
 Argolidas timui. nocuit rnihi barbara pelex. 
 
 Non expectata vulnus ab hoste tuli. 
 Nee facie meritisque placet, sed carmina novit. 
 
 Diraque cantata pabula falce metit. 
 Ilia reluctantem cursu deducere Lunam 85 
 
 Nititur, et tenebris abdere Solis equos. 
 Ilia refrenat aquas, obliquaque flumina sistit : 
 
 Ilia loco silvas vivaque saxa movet. 
 Per tuinulos errat passis discincta capillis, 
 
 Certaque de tepidis colligit ossa rogis. ^ 
 
 Devovet absentis, simnlacraque cerea fingit, 
 
 Et misemm tenuis in iecur urget acus, 
 Et quae nescierim melius. Male quaeritur herbis 
 
 Moribus et forma conciliandus amor. 
 Hanc potes amplecti, thalamoque relictus in uno 95 
 
 Impavidus somrio nocte silente frui 1 ? 
 Scilicet ut tauros, ita te iuga ferre coegit: 
 
 Quaque feros anguis, te quoque mulcet ope. 
 
 75 E ergo. Mede, a superscr. 77 EeVperdam. 78 
 Ee concidet. 81 Ee argolicas. 82 EeV eocpectato. E oste. 
 83 e non meritis facieque. V carmine movit, et sic superscr. in 
 E. 84 E papula (cf. 7, 142). 86 e addere. E adre. 88 
 E viva, que superscr. 89 E spam's. 93 EeV mage. 94 E 
 mnbilin. 08 E quamque sub rasura. 
 
 o. 3
 
 34 OVIDII E FISTULAS. 
 
 Adde, quod adscribi factis procerumque tuisque 
 too Se facit, et titulo coniugis uxor obest. 
 Atque aliquis Peliae de partibus acta venenis 
 Imputat, et populum, qui sibi credat, habet. 
 'Non haec Aesonides, sed Phasias Aeetine 
 
 Aurea Phrixeae terga revellit ovis ' 
 '05 Non probat Alcimede mater tua,.. consul e matrem.. 
 
 Non pater, a gelido cui venit axe nurus. 
 Ilia sibi Tanai Scythiaeque paludibus udae 
 
 Quaerat et a patria Phasidis usque virum. 
 Mobilis Aesonide, vernaque incertior aura, 
 no Cur tua polliciti pondere verba carent ? 
 
 Vir meus liinc ieras : vir non meus iude redisti. 
 
 Sim reducis coniunx, sicut euntis eram! 
 Si te nobilitas generosaque nomiua tangunt, 
 
 En ego Minoo nata Thoante feror. 
 115 Bacchus avus: Bacchi coniunx redimita corona 
 
 Praeradiat stellis signa minora suis. 
 Dos tibi Lemnos erit, terra ingeniosa colenti. 
 
 Me quoque dotales inter habere potes. 
 Nunc etiam peperi : gratare ambobus, lason. 
 120 Dulce mihi gravidae fecerat auctor onus. 
 
 Felix in numero quoque sum ; prolemque gemellam, 
 Pignora Lucina bina i'avente dedi. 
 
 100 EV facit. Pa cavet. Madv. sese avet. M favet. 
 101 E atque aliquis per te...veneni. 103 E non echesonides 
 
 sedfilia phasias Oete. eV filia Phcwis Oetae. 106 E orbe. 
 107 EeV Tanais...undae. 109 e Aesonides. E unaque. 
 
 110 E pollicito. Madv. sollicito. 114 E Mine, o snperscr. 
 116 E praediat. 118 EeM res tales. Pa Madv. dotales, 
 
 qnod nonnnlli e vet. edd. scripserant.
 
 VI. HYPSIPYLE I A SON I. 35 
 
 Si quaeris, cui sint similes 1 cognosceris illis. 
 
 Fallere non norunt : cetera patris habent. 
 Legates quos paene dedi pro matre ferendos. 
 
 Sed tenuit coeptas saeva noverca vias. 
 Medeam timui : plus est Medea noverca. 
 
 Medeae faciunt ad scelus omne manus. 
 Spargere quae fratris potuit lacerata per agros 
 
 Corpora, pignoribus parceret ilia meis ? 
 Hanc tamen, o demens, Colchisque ablate venenis, 
 
 Diceris Hypsipyles praeposuisse toro! 
 Turpiter ilia virum cognovit adultera virgo. 
 
 Me tibi, teque mini taeda pudica dedit. 
 Prodidit ilia patrem : rapui de clade Thoanta. 
 
 Deseruit Colchos : me mea Lemnos habet. 
 Quid refert, scelerata piam si vincet, et ipso 
 
 Crimine dotata est emeruitque virum? 
 Lemniadum facinus culpo, non miror, lason. 
 
 Quaelibet iratis ipse dat arma dolor. 
 Die age, si ventis... ut oportuit... actus iniquis 
 
 In trasses portus tuque comesque meos, 
 Obviaque exissem fetu comitante gemello?... 
 
 Hiscere nempe tibi terra roganda fuit! 
 Quo vultu natos, quo me, scelerate, videres? 
 
 Perfidiae pretio qua nece dignus eras? 
 
 125 E pro me matre proferendos. 127 E Medium. 129 
 e potuit fratris. 131 Pa hanc, hanc. 132 E hisiphile. 
 135 E cede. 137 E scerata. EV vincit. e vincat. 139 e nee. 
 140 M quamlibet. eV quaelibet. Pa quamlibet infirmis. E quod- 
 lib et ad facinus ipse. Madv. quodlibet ad facinus iste. 142 
 E comedesque. 143 V obvia exisgem. Ee comitata. 144 EeV 
 nonne...foret. 146 Sic E. e perfide, quo pretio, qua nece. 
 Pa quo nece (?). 
 
 32
 
 36 OVIDII EPTSTULAE. 
 
 Ipse quidem per me tutus sospesque fuisses: 
 
 Non quia tu dignus, sed quia mitis ego. 
 Pelicis ipsa meos implessem sanguine vultus, 
 T s Quosque veneficiis abstulit ilia suis. 
 
 Medeae Medea forem. Quod siquid ab alto 
 
 Justus adest votis luppiter ipse meis, 
 Quod gemit Hypsipyle, lecti quoque subnuba nostri 
 
 Maereat, et leges sentiat ipsa suas. 
 155 Utque ego destituor coniunx materque duorum, 
 
 Cum totidem natis orba sit ilia viro. 
 Nee male parta diu teneat, peiusque relinquat: 
 
 Exulet, et toto quaerat in orbe fugam. 
 Quam fratri germana fuit miseroque parenti 
 1 60 Filia, tain natis, tarn sit acerba viro. 
 
 Cura mare, cum terras consumpserit, aera teinptet : 
 
 Erret inops, exspes, caede cruenta sna. 
 Haec ego, coniugio fraudata Thoantias oro. 
 
 Vivite devoto nuptaque virque toro! 
 
 VII. 
 
 DIDO AENEAE. 
 
 Sic ubi fata vocant, udis abiectus in herbis 
 Ad vada Maeandri concinit albus olor. 
 
 148 E non quia dignus eras. 151 EV si quis. 152 V 
 precibus. 154 e ilia. 156 Sic ePa. E a totidem atque. 
 Sed ilia superset. M a totidem... ague. Madv. a totidem... ilia. 
 158 E exultet. 160 E filiam. 161 E cum pennis. 162 Be inops 
 mentis, quod ex P ortum ease videtur ubi expers exstat. 164 
 e femina. VII. E sic incipit : Accipe, darnida, moriture 
 carmen helise Que legis a nobis ultima uerba legis.
 
 VII. DIDO AENEAE. 37 
 
 Nee quia te nostra sperem prece posse moveri, 
 
 Adloquor : adverse movimus ista deo. 
 Sed merita et famam corpusque animumque pudicuui 5 
 
 Cum male perdiderim, perdere verba leve est. 
 Certus es ire tamen miseramque relinquere Didon, 
 
 Atque idem venti vela fidemque ferent 1 ? 
 Certus es, Aenea, cum foedere solvere naves, 
 
 Quaeque ubi sint nescis, Itala regna seqni, 10 
 
 Nee nova Carthago, nee te crescentia tangunt, 
 
 Moenia, nee sceptro tradita summa tuo? 
 Facta fugis, facienda petis. quaerenda per orbem 
 
 Altei~a, quaesita est altera terra tibi. 
 Ut terram invenias, quis earn tibi tradet habendam? 15 
 
 Quis sua non notis arva tenenda dabit ? 
 Alter amor tibi restat liabendus et altera Dido : 
 
 Quamque iterum fallas, altera danda fides. 
 Quando erit, ut coudas instar Carthaginis urbem, 
 
 Et videas populos altus ab arce tuosl 20 
 
 Omnia ut eveniant, nee te tua vota morentur, 
 
 CJnde tibi, quae te sic amet, uxor erit 1 
 Uror, ut inducto ceratae sulphure taedae. 
 
 Aenean animo noxque diesque refert. a s 
 
 Ille quidem male gratus et ad mea munera surdus, 
 
 Et quo, si nou sim stulta, carere velim. 
 
 3 e iion. 5 E meriti fama. eV meriti famam. 7 Pa 
 Dido. E ddon. 8 E verba fidemque, vala superset. 11 E 
 mea...surgentia tangant. 15 E terra... habenda. 16 E 
 
 ncnda. e tenenda. MPa terenda contra P. 17 E alter amor 
 tibi et extat. e alter habendus amor restat tibi. 20 Ee tua. 
 21 V omnia si veniant te nec...E facta. e fata. Pa di tua 
 vota. 23 Post h. v. e exhibet ut pia fumosis addita tura 
 
 rogia : Aeneas oculis semper vigilantis inhaeret. EV om. '26 
 EeV Aeneamque.
 
 38 OVIDII EPIUTULAE. 
 
 tamen Aenean, quamvis male cogitat, odi: 
 3 Sed queror infidum, questaque peius amo. 
 
 Parce, Venus, nurui, durumque amplectere fratrem, 
 
 Frater Amor : castris militet ille tuis. 
 Aut ego quern coepi, neque enim dedignor, amare 
 
 Materiam curae praebeat ille meae. 
 35 Fallor, et ista mihi falso iactatur imago. 
 
 Matris ab ingenio dissidet ille suae. 
 Te lapis et montes imiataque rupibus altis 
 
 Robora, te saevae progenuere ferae, 
 Aut mare, quale vides agitari nuiic quoque ventis: 
 40 Quo tamen adversis fluctibus ire paras. 
 
 Quo fugis ] obstat hiemps ! Hiemis mihi gratia prosit. 
 
 Aspice, ut eversas concitet eurus aquas. 
 Quod tibi malueram, sine me debere procellis: 
 
 lustior est animo ventus et unda tuo. 
 45 Non ego sum tanti, quid non tu reris inique ? 
 
 Ut pereas, dum me per freta longa fugis. 
 Exerces pretiosa odia et constantia magno, 
 
 Si, dum me careas, est tibi vile mori. 
 lam venti ponent, strataque aequaliter unda 
 50 Caeruleis Triton per mare curret equis. 
 
 Tu quoque cum ventis utinam mutabilis esses... 
 Et nisi duritia robora vincis, eris. 
 
 29 e cogitet. 30 E questamque. 33_E utque ego quae. 
 f hunc ego quern. Madv. quae...amorem. VMPa aut ego quae. 
 Auacoluthon defendit Pa. 42 E adversas. 45 tu reris scrips! 
 ego, vestigia P. secutus, qui tanti qui non -eris (syllaba 
 prima incerta, Heins. temris) exhibet. E quam tu dimittis 
 inique. e quamvis merearis. V quid non mediteris. Pa quid 
 non censeris, q. v. aestimas. M quod non verearis, sed obelo 
 notat. Madv. quid nos mctiris inique. 52 E ni.
 
 VII. DIDO AENEAE. 39 
 
 Quid, si nescires, insana quid aequora possent? 
 
 Expertae totiens quam male credis aquae! 
 Ut pelago suadente etiam retinacula solvas, 55 
 
 Multa tamen latus tristia pontus habet. 
 Nee violasse fidem temptantibus aequora prodest: 
 
 Perfidiae poenas exigit ille locus, 
 Praecipue cum laesus amor ; quia mater Amorum 
 
 Nuda Cytheriacis edita fertur aquis. fr> 
 
 Perdita ne perdam, timeo, uoceamve nocenti, 
 
 Neu bibat aequoreas naufragus hostis aquas. 
 Vive, precor ! sic te melius, quam funere perdam. 
 
 Tu potius leti causa fevere mei. 
 Finge, age, te rapido... nullum sit in omine pond us !... 6 s 
 
 Turbine deprendi : quid tibi mentis erit ? 
 Protinus occurrent falsae periuria linguae, 
 
 Et Phrygia Dido fraude coacta mori: 
 Coniugis ante oculos deceptae stabit imago 
 
 Tristis et effusis sanguinolenta comis. 70 
 
 Quid tanti est ut turn ' merui, concedite ! ' dicas ; 
 
 Quaeque cadent, in te fulmiua missa putes 1 ? 
 Da breve saevitiae spatium pelagique tuaeque: 
 
 Grande morae pretium tuta futura via est. 
 Nee niihi tu curae. puero parcatur lulo: 75 
 
 Te satis est titulum mortis habere meae. 
 
 53 E possint. e possent. MPa possunt, quod quo modo 
 defendant nescio. 56 E tristitia. 57 e non. 59 E et 
 mater. 61 e noceo. 65 E finge a age rabido. 68 E 
 troica. Tyria. 70 E sanguinolenta qu comis. 71 E 
 quid id est turn (to superscr.) merui concedite dices, corrupte. 
 e quidquid id est totum... dices. M totum... dicas Bed obelo 
 notat. 75 E nee tibi sum. e si mihi non parcas.
 
 40 OVID IT EPISTULAE. 
 
 Quid puer Ascanius, quid di meruere Penates? 
 
 Ignibus ereptos obruet unda deos? 
 Sed ueque fers tecura, nee... quae mihi, perfide, iactas... 
 80 Presserunt umeroa sacra paterque tuos. 
 Omnia mentiris : nee enim tua fallere lingua 
 
 Incipit a nobis, primaque plectar ego. 
 Si quaeras ubi sit formosi mater luli, 
 
 Occidit a duro sola relicta viro. 
 8 3 Haec mihi nai raras ; at me movere merentem : 
 
 Ilia minor culpa poena futura mea est. 
 Nee mihi mens dubia est, quin te tua numina damnent : 
 
 Per mare, per terras septima iactat hiemps. 
 Fluctibus eiectum tuta statione recepi, 
 90 Vixque bene audito nomine regna dedi. 
 His tameu officiis utinam contenta fuissem, 
 
 Et mihi concubitus fama sepulta foret! 
 Ilia dies nocuit, qua nos declive sub antrum 
 
 Caeruleus subitis compulit imber aquis. 
 95 Audieram vocem ; uymphas ululasse putavi ; 
 
 Eumenides fatis signa dedere meis. 
 Exige, laese pudor, poenas, umbraeque Sychaei, 
 
 Ad quas me miseram! plena pudoris eo. 
 
 80 e paterna. QlEfalle. 82 E fallar. eplector. 84 
 E diro. 85 E an me novere merentem, sc. numina, qxiod 
 proxime ad P accedit. e narrabas at me novere. M at me 
 movere merentem. Pa movere; merentem Ure: Madv. nee me 
 movere vel di me monuere. 86 e inde. MPa ure. M obelo 
 notat. 87 Ee mea munera. 90 E noa regna. 91 e con 
 tempta. 93 E me. 94 E impulit. 95 E voces mjmpha. 
 96Pa/att mei. 97 Locus corruptus. Ee violate Sichaeu. 
 V violare Sicheu. Pa violate Sichaeo. 98 V Ad quem. An 
 legendurn est Exigit ecce pudor paenas, violate Sichaee, Ad 
 quem, etc. ?
 
 VII. DIDO AENEAE. 4 
 
 Est mihi niarmorea sacratus in. aede Sychaeus: 
 
 Oppositae frondes velleraque alba tegunt. 
 Bine ego me sensi noto quater ore citari: 
 
 Ipse sono tenui dixit 'Elissa, veni!' 
 Nulla mora est, venio : venio tibi debita coniunx. 
 
 Sum tameii admissi tarda pudore mei. 
 Da veniam culpae : decepit idoneus auctor. 
 
 Invidiam uoxae detrahit ille meae. 
 Diva parens seniorque pater pia sarcina nati 
 
 Spem mihi mansuri rite dedere tori. 
 Si fuit errandum, causas habet error honestas. 
 
 Adde fidem, nulla parte pigendus erit. 
 Durat in extremum, vitaeque uovisaima nostrae 
 
 Prosequitur fati qui fuit ante, tenor. 
 Occidit intern as coniunx mactatua ad aras, 
 
 Et sceleris tanti praemia frater habet. 
 Exbul agor, cineresque viri patriamque relinquo, 
 
 Et feror in duras hoste sequente vias: 
 Adplicor ignotis, fratrique elapsa fretoque 
 
 Quod tibi donavi, perfide, litus emo. 
 Urbem constitui, lateque patentia fixi, 
 
 Moenia finitimis invidiosa locis. 
 Bella tument : bellis peregrina et femina temptor, 
 
 Vixque rudis portas urbis et arma paro. 
 Mille procis placui qui me coiere querentes. 
 
 Nescio quem thalamis praeposuisse suis. 
 
 99 E inde. 101 E quater atque ter. 104 E amuso... 
 meo. V a misso. 108 EeV viri. 109 e sic. 113 EeV in 
 terras. 116 E duuitas. Pa dubias. 118 E etu corrupte. 
 e emi. 121 e tangor. 123 Ee cupiere.
 
 42 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 I2 s Quid dubitas vinctam Gaetulo tradere larbae? 
 
 Praebuerim sceleri bracchia nostra tuo. 
 Est etiam frater, cuius manus impia possit 
 
 Respergi nostro, sparsa cruore viri. 
 Pone deos et quae tangendo sacra profanas: 
 130 Non bene caelcstis impia dextra colit. 
 Si tu cultor eras elapsis igne futurus, 
 Paenitet elapsos ignibtis esse deos. 
 Forsitan et gravidatn Didon, scelerate, relinquas, 
 
 Parsque tui lateat corpore clausa meo. 
 135 Accedet fatis matris miserabilis infans, 
 Et noDdum uati funeris auctor eris: 
 Cumque parente sua frater ruorietur luli, 
 
 Poenaque conexos auferet una duos. 
 Sed iubet ire deus. Veil em, vetuisset adire, 
 MO Punica nee Teucvis pressa fuisset humus. 
 Hoc duce nempe deo ventis agitaris iniquis, 
 
 Et teris in rapido tempora longa freto 1 ? 
 Pergama vix tanto tibi erant repetenda labore, 
 
 Hectore si vivo quanta fuere, foreiit! 
 145 Non patrium Simoenta petis, sed Thybridas undas, 
 
 Nempe ut pervenias quo cupis, hospes eris. 
 Utque latet vitatque tuas abstrusa carinas, 
 Vix tibi continget terra petita seni. 
 
 125 Ee victam. 126 E praetulerim. 127 E manus superset. 
 131 E om. eras. 133 E Sorsitan. Pa Dido. 134 V lutitat. 
 136 E etfili nondumnati. 137 E sua superscr. 138 E hue 
 ad finem vers. 139 EV si. 140 E terra ; humus superscr. 
 142 E rabido (cf. 6, 81). 143 E rependa. 145 E tibridis. 
 147 E utque juvent ventusque tuas remusque carinas. Ita e nisi 
 quod juvet exhibet. V obstrusa.
 
 VII. DIDO AENEAE. 43 
 
 Hos potius populos in dotem, ambage remissa, 
 
 Accipe et advectas Pygmalionis opes. 150 
 
 II ion in Tyriam transfer felicius urbem, 
 
 Sisque loco regis sceptraque sacra tene. 
 Si tibi mens avida est belli, si quaerit lulus, 
 
 Unde suo partus marte triumphus eat, 
 Quern superet, nequid desit, praebebimus hostem. 155 
 
 Hie pacis leges, hie locus arma capit. 
 Tu modo... per matrem frateruaque tela, sagittas, 
 
 Perque fugae comites, Dardana sacra, deos! 
 Sic superent, quoscumque tua de gente reportas, 
 
 Mars ferus et damni sit modus ille tui, 160 
 
 Ascaniusque suos feliciter impleat annos, 
 
 Et senis Anchisae rnolliter ossa cubent !... 
 Parce, precor, domui, quae se tibi tradit habendam. 
 
 Quod crimen dicis praeter amasse meum? 
 Non ego sum Phthia maguisque oriunda Mycenis, 165 
 
 Nee steterunt in te virque paterque meus. 
 Si pudet uxoris, non nupta, sed hospita dicar 
 
 Dnm tua sit Dido, quodlibet esse feret. 
 Nota mibi freta sunt Afrum frangentia litus : 
 
 Temporibus certis dantque negantque viam. 170 
 
 Cum dabit aura viam, praebebis carbasa ventis. 
 
 Nunc levis eiectam contiiiet alga ratem. 
 
 149 E dote, e ambage in dote remissa. 152 E inque loco 
 regis regia sceptra tene. fV inque loco regis sceptraque sacra 
 tene. M hancque, sc. urbem. Pajamque locum. In re dubia 
 meo judicio uti ausus sum. Sed verum esse potest quod E cum 
 G exhibet, mutatum autem a librario verbis regia sceptra ofifenso. 
 153 E luli. 155 E quod superet. e superes. 159 Ad hunc 
 versum E explicat. e si. Madv. reportat Mars ferus. 165 e 
 phitia. V pithia. 166 e steterant. 172 V sed.
 
 44 OVIDI1 EPISTULAE. 
 
 Tempus ut observem, rnanda mihi. serius ibis, 
 
 Nee te, si cupies, ipsa raanere sinam. 
 175 Et socii requiem poscunt, laniataque classis 
 
 Postulat exiguas semirefecta moras. 
 Pro meritis et siqua tibi debebimus ultra, 
 
 Pro spe coniugii tempora parva peto : 
 Dum freta mitescunt et amor, dum tempore et usu 
 180 Fortiter edisco tristia posse pati. 
 
 Si minus, est animus nobis effundere vitam, 
 
 In me crudelis non potes esse diu. 
 Aspicias utinam, quae sit scribentis imago : 
 Scribimus, et gremio Troicus ensis adest ; 
 185 Perque genas lacrimae strictum labuntur in enseni, 
 
 Qui iam pro lacrimis sanguine tinctus erit. 
 Quam bene conveniunt fato tua munera nostro ! 
 
 Instruis impensa nostra sepulchra brevi. 
 Nee mea nunc primum feriuntur pectora telo : 
 190 Ille locus saevi vulnus amoris habet. 
 
 Anna soror, soror Anna, meae male conscia culpae, 
 
 Iam dabis in cineres ultima dona meos. 
 Nee consumpta rogis inscribar Elissa Sychaei, 
 Hoc tamen in tumuli marmore carmen erit 
 195 ' Praebuit Aeneas et causam mortis et ensem. 
 Ipsa sua Dido concidit usa manu. ' 
 
 174 e cuperes. 179 f mitescant. eV temperat usum. 180 
 V ediscam. An legendum est Dum freta mitescunt et amorem 
 temperat usus Fortiter ediscam, etc.? 184 e in gremio. 192 
 e dabit. 195 e Aeneas mihi.
 
 VII I. HERMIONE ORESTAE. 45 
 
 VIII. 
 
 HERMIONE OEESTAE. 
 
 PYRRHTJS Achillides, animosus imagine patris, 
 
 Inclusam contra iusque piumque tenet. 
 Quod potui, renui, ne non invita tenerer. s 
 
 Cetera femineae non valuere manus. 
 ' Quid facis, Aeacide 1 non sum sine vindice ' dixi : 
 
 ' Haec tibi sub domino est, Pyrrhe, puella suo.' 
 Surdior ille freto clamantem nornen Orestis 
 
 Traxit inornatis in sua tecta comis. 10 
 
 Quid gravius capta Lacedaemone serva tulissem, 
 
 Si raperet Graias barbara turba nurus ? 
 Parcius Andromachen vexavit Acha'ia victrix, 
 
 Cum Danaus Phrygias ureret ignis opes. 
 At tu, cura mei si te pia tangit, Oreste, ts 
 
 Inice non timidas in tua iura manus. 
 An siquis rapiat stabulis armenta reclusis, 
 
 Arma feras, rapta coniuge lentus eris? 
 Si socer exemplo nuptae repetitor ademptae, 
 
 Nupta foret Paridi mater, ut ante fuit. 22 
 
 Nee tu mille rates sinuosaque vela pararis; 
 
 Nee numeros Danai militis. ipse veni ! 
 Sic quoque erarn repetenda tamen : nee turpe marito, 25 
 
 Aspera pro caro bella tulisse toro. 
 Quid, quod avus nobis idem Pelopeius Atreus, 
 
 Et, si non esses vir mihi, frater eras ? 
 
 3 e quae potui fed. 8 e suo est. 19 eV sit. 24 eV 
 numerum.
 
 46 07 ID J I EPISTULAE. 
 
 Vii, precor, uxori, frater succurre sorori : 
 3 Instant officio nomina bina tuo. 
 
 Me tibi Tyndareus, vita gravis auctor et annis, 
 
 Tradidit: arbitrium neptis habebat avus. 
 At pater Aeacidae promiserat, inscius acti. 
 
 Plus quoque, qui prior est ordine, possit avus. 
 35 Cum tibi nubebam, nulli mea taeda nocebat : 
 
 Si iungar Pyrrho, tu mihi laesus eris. 
 Et pater ignoscet nostro Menelaus amori : 
 
 Succubuit telis praepetis ipse dei. 
 Quern sibi permisit, genero concedit amorem. 
 4 Proderit exemplo mater amata suo. 
 
 Tu mihi, quod matri pater est ; quas egerat olim 
 
 Dardanius partis advena, Pyrrhus agit. 
 Ille licet patriis sine fine superbiat actis. 
 
 Et tu quae referas facta parentis, habes. 
 45 Tantalides onmis ipsumque regebat Achillem : 
 
 Hie pars militiae, dux erat ille ducum. 
 Tu quoque habes proavum Pelopem Pelopisque paren- 
 Si melius numeres, a love quintus eris. [tern. 
 Nee virtute cares. Arma invidiosa tulisti : 
 50 Sed tu quid faceres 1 induit ilia pater. 
 Materia vellem fortis meliore fuisses. 
 
 Non lecta est operi, sed data causa tuo. 
 Hanc tamen implesti ; iuguloque Aegisthus aperto 
 
 Tecta cruentavit, quae pater ante tuus. 
 ss Increpat Aeacides, laudemque in crimina vertit : 
 Et tamen aspectus sustinet ille meos. 
 
 34 V posset. 43 e patris. 44 e quae tu. 48 e . 
 intmeres omnes. Pa si medios numeres. 50 V patrem. 52 
 e Nee.
 
 VI IT. HERMIONE ORESTAE. 47 
 
 Rumpor, et ora mihi pariter cum mente tumescunt, 
 
 Pectoraque inclusis ignibus usta dolent. 
 Hermione coram quisquamne obiecit Oresti, 
 
 Nee mihi sunt vires, nee ferus ensis adest 1 60 
 
 Flere licet certe. flendo diffundimus irara, 
 
 Perque sinum lacrimae fluminis instar eunt. 
 Has solas habeo semper, semperque profundo : 
 
 Ument incultae fonte perenne genae. 
 Num generis fato, quod nostros errat in annos, 65 
 
 Tantalides matres apta rapina sumus ? 
 Non ego fluminei referam mendacia cygni, 
 
 Nee querar in plumis delituisse lovem. 
 Qua duo porrectus longe freta distinct Isthmos, 
 
 Vecta peregrinis Hippodamia rotis. 7 
 
 Castori Amyclaeo et Amyclaeo Polluci 
 
 Reddita Mopsopia Taenaiis urbe soror : 
 Taenaris Idaeo trans aequora ab hospite rapta 
 
 Argolicas pro se vertit in arma manus. 
 Vix equidem memini, memini tamen. omnia luctus, 75 
 
 Omnia solliciti plena timoris erant. 
 Flebat avus Phoebeque soror fratresque gemelK, 
 
 Orabat superos Leda suumque lovem. 
 Ipsa ego, non longo.s etiaru turn scissa capillos, 
 
 Clamabam 'sine me, me sine, mater, abia 1 ?' 80 
 
 Nam coniunx aberat. Ne non Pelopeia eredar, 
 
 Ecce Neoptolemo praeda parata fui. 
 Pelides utinam vitasset Apollinis arcus ! 
 
 Damnaret nati facta proterva pater. 
 
 61 Pa defundimus. eVM di/-. 65 eV hoc...fatum. 66 
 e omnes. 69 e detinet. 72 eV Messopia Tyndaris. 73 eV 
 Tyndaris. 77 e Phoebi. V flebatque soror.
 
 48 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 85 Nec quondam placuit, nee iiunc placuisset Achilii, 
 
 Abducta viduum couiuge flere virum. 
 Quae mea caelestis iniuria fecit iuiquos ? 
 
 Quodve mihi miserae sidus obesse querar ? 
 Parva mea sine matre fui ; pater arma ferebat : 
 go Et duo cum vivant, orba duobus erarn. 
 
 Non tibi blanditias prinils, mea inater, in annis 
 
 Incerto dictas ore puella tuli : 
 Non ego captavi brevibus tua colla lacertis, 
 
 Nec gremio sedi sarcina grata tuo : 
 95 Non cultus tibi cura mei ; nee pacta marito 
 
 Intravi thalamos matre parante novos. 
 Obvia prodieram reduci tibi,... vera fatebor... 
 
 Nec facics nobis nota parentis erat. 
 Te tamen esse Helenam, quod eras pulcherrima, sensi 
 too Ipsa requirebas, quae tua nata foret. 
 
 Pars haec tma mihi, coniunx bene cessit Orestes : 
 
 Is quoque, iii pro se pugnet, ademptus erit. 
 Pyrrhus habet captam reduce et victore pareute : 
 
 Hoc munus nobis diruta Troia tnlit. 
 105 Cum tamen altus equis Titan radiautibus instat, 
 
 Perfruor infelix liberiore malo. 
 Nox ubi me thalamis ululantem et acerba gementem 
 
 Condidit, in maesto procubuique toro, 
 Pro somuo lacrimis oculi funguntur obortis, 
 no Quaque licet fugio sicut ab hoste viro. 
 Saepe malis stupeo. rerumque oblita locique 
 Igiiara tetigi Scyria membra manu : 
 
 88 e quod mihi vae. 104 V munus et hoc...dedit.
 
 VIII. HERMIONE. IX. DEI AN IRA. 49 
 
 TJtque nefas sensi, male corpora tacta relinquo 
 
 Et mihi pollutas credor habere manus. 
 Saepe Neoptolemi pro nomine nomen Orestis 
 
 Exit; et errorem vocis ut omen amo. 
 Per genus infelix iuro generisque parentem, 
 
 Qui freta, qui terras et sua regna quatit : 
 Per patris ossa tui, patrui mihi, quae tibi debent, 
 
 Quod sic sub tumulo fortiter ulta iacent : 
 Aut ego praemoriar, primoque exstinguar in aevo, 
 
 Aut ego Tantalidae Tantalis uxor ero. 
 
 IX. 
 
 DEIANIEA HEECULI. 
 
 GRATULOR Oechaliam titulis accedere nostris : 
 
 Victorem victae subcubuisse queror. 
 Fama Pelasgiadas subito pervenit in urbes 
 
 Decolor et factis infitianda tuis, 
 Quern numquam luno seriesque inmensa laborum 
 
 Fregerit, huic lolen inposuisse iugum. 
 Hoc velit Eurystheus, velit hoc germana Tonantis, 
 
 Laetaque sit vitae labe noverca tuae. 
 At non ille velit, cui nox... sic creditur... una 
 
 Non tanti, ut tantus conciperere, fuit. 
 Plus tibi quam luno, nocuit Venus : ilia premendo 
 
 Sustulit, haec humili sub pede colla tenet. 
 
 120 eV quaf. Pa quod se. 3 e Pelasgiadea. 9 e At mine 
 ille venis cui nox si. V at non ille venis cui nox (si creditur) 
 una. 12 e humilis. 
 
 O. 4
 
 50 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 Respice vindicibus pacatum viribus orbem, 
 
 Qua latam Nereus caerulus ambit humum. 
 is Se tibi pax terrae, tibi se tota aequora debent : 
 
 Implesti meritis soils utramque doraum. 
 Quod te laturum est, caelum prius ipse tulisti : 
 
 Hercule subposito sidera fulsit Atlans. 
 Quid nisi notitia est misero quaesita pudori, 
 20 Si cumulas stupri facta priora nota? 
 
 Tene ferunt geminos pressisse tenaciter angues. 
 
 Cum tener in cunis iam love dignus eras? 
 Coepisti melius, quam desinis. ultima primis 
 
 Cedunt. dissimiles hie vir et ille puer. 
 23 Quern non mille ferae, quern non Sthenelems hostis, 
 
 Non potuit luno vincere, vincit amor. 
 At bene nupta feror, quia nominer Herculis uxor, 
 
 Sitque socer rapidis qui tonat altus equis. 
 Quam male inaequales veniunt ad aratra iuvenci, 
 3 o Tarn premitur magno coniuge nupta minor. 
 Non honor est, sed onus species laesura ferentis. 
 
 Siqua voles apte nubere, nube pari. 
 Vir mihi semper abest, et coniuge notior hospes, 
 
 Monstraque terribiles persequiturque feras. 
 35 Ipsa domo vidua, votis operata pudicis, 
 
 Torqueor, infesto ne vir ab hoste cadat. 
 Inter serpentes aprosque avidosque leones 
 lactor, et haesuros terna per ora canes. 
 Me pecudum fibrae simulacraque inania somni 
 40 Ominaque arcana nocte petita movent. 
 
 15 eV tota. 20 e si macula stupri... notas. Pa turpi. 
 
 27 eVM nominor. 32 e apto. 38 eV cemo. 40 eV omniaque.
 
 IX. DEI AN IRA HERGULI. 51 
 
 Aucupor infelix incertae murmura famae, 
 
 Speque timor dubia, spesque timore cadit. 
 Mater abest, queriturque deo placuisse potent! : 
 
 Nee pater Amphitryon, nee puer Hyllus adest. 
 Arbiter Eurystheus irae lunonis iniquae 45 
 
 Sentitur nobis, iraque longa deae. 
 Haec mihi ferre parum ? Peregrines addis amores, 
 
 Et mater de te qnaelibet esse potest. 
 Non ego Partheniis temeratam vallibus Augen, 
 
 Nee referam partus, Ormeni nympha, tuos : so 
 
 Non tibi crimen emnt, Theutrantia turba, sorores, 
 
 Quarum de populo nulla relicta tibi est. 
 Una, recens crimen, referetur adultera nobis, 
 
 Unde ego sum Lydo facta noverca Lamo. 
 Maeandros, terris totiens errator in isdem, ss 
 
 Qui lassas in se saepe retorquet aquas, 
 Vidit in Herculeo suspensa monilia collo 
 
 Illo, cui caelum sarcina parva fuit. 
 Non puduit fortis auro cohibere lacertos, 
 
 Et solidis gemmas opposuisse toris. $ 
 
 Nempe sub his animam pestis Nemeaea lacertis 
 
 Edidit, unde umerus tegmina laevus habet. 
 Ausus es hirsutos mitra redimire capillos. 
 
 Aptior Herculeae populus alba comae. 
 Nee te Maeonia lascivae more puellae 
 
 Incingi zona dedecuisse putes ? 
 
 46 eV deae est. 47 eV parum est. 49 e Augue. V Agnen. 
 53 epraefertur. V refertur. 55 e qui totiens terris errat mainder 
 in hiisdem. V Maeander totiens qui terris errat in isdem. 56 
 eV lapsas. 60 e imposuisse. V apposuisse. 62 V tegmina 
 leonis. (?) terga leonis. 66 eV pudet. 
 
 42
 
 52 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 Non tibi succurrit crudi Diomedis imago, 
 
 Efferus humana qui dape pavit equas 1 
 Si te vidisset cultu Busiris in isto, 
 70 Huic victor victo nempe pudendus eras. 
 Detrahat Antaeus duro redimicula collo, 
 
 Ne pigeat molli subcubuisse viro. 
 Inter loniacas calathum tenuisse puellas 
 
 Diceris, et dominae pertimuisse minas. 
 75 Non fugis, Alcide, victricem mille laborum 
 
 Rasilibus calathis inposuisse manum, 
 Crassaque robusto deducis pollice fila, 
 
 Aequaque formosae pensa rependis erae ] 
 A ! quotiens, digitis dum torques stamina duris, 
 80 Praevalidae fusos comminuere manus. 
 Crederis infelix scuticae tremefactus habenis 
 
 Ante pedes dominae pertimuisse minas. 
 Eximiis pom pis praeconia summa tviumphi 
 
 Factaque narrabas dissimulanda tibi : 
 8s Scilicet inmanes elisos faucibus hydros 
 
 Infantem caudis involuisse manum : 
 Ut Tegeaeus aper cupressifero Erymantho 
 
 Incubet et vasto pondere laedat humum. 
 Non tibi ThreTciis adfixa penatibus ora, 
 50 Non hominum pingues caede tacentur equae : 
 Prodigiumque triplex, armenti dives Hiberi 
 
 Geryones, quamvis in tribus umis erat : 
 Inque canes totidem trunco digestus ab uno 
 
 Cerberos irnplicitis angue minante comis : 
 
 73 e pudeat. 81 V diceris. 81, 83 M obelo notat. 
 86 e nuda delacerasse manu. 87 e utque tegeus aper. 88 
 incubat...laedit. V incubuit vasto et...laesit.
 
 IX. DEI AN IRA HERCULI. 53 
 
 Quaeque redundabat fecundo vulnere serpens 95 
 
 Fertilis et damnis dives ab ipsa suis, 
 Quique inter laevumque latus laevumque lacertuni 
 
 Praegrave conpressa fauce pependit onus : 
 Et male confisum pedibus formaque bimembri 
 
 Pulsum Thessalicis agmeu equestre iugis. 100 
 
 Haec tu Sidonio potes insignitus amictu 
 
 Dicere ? non cultu lingua retenta silet 1 
 Se quoque nympha tuis ornavit lardanis armis, 
 
 Et tulit e capto nota tropaea viro. 
 I nunc, tolle animos et fortia gesta recense. I05 
 
 Quum tu non esses, iure vir ilia fait. 
 Qua tanto minor es, quanto te, maxime reruni, 
 
 Quam quos vicisti, vincere maius erat. 
 UK procedit rerum mensura tuarum : 
 
 Cede bonis. heres laudis arnica tuae. IJO 
 
 pudor ! hirsuti costis exuta leonis 
 
 Aspera texerunt vellera molle latus. 
 Falleris et nescis. non sunt spolia ilia leonis, 
 
 Sed tua. tuque feri victor es, ilia tui. 
 Femina tela tulit Lernaeis atra venenis, IIS 
 
 Ferre gravem lana vix satis apta colum, 
 Instruxitque manum clava domitrice feranim, 
 
 Vidit et in speculo coniugis arma sui 
 Haec tamen audieram : licuit non credere famae, 
 
 Et venit ad sensus mollis ab aure dolor. i 20 
 
 96 f ditior ipsa. 103 e tuis ingentibus instruit armis. Pa 
 oneravit. V lamdanis. 106 Sic Madv. Heins. conj. quom. 
 PaM quod. Sed subjunctivus esses 'quum' desiderat. 110 e 
 tuae est. Ill eV Madv. costis. PaM costas. 113 e ista. 
 114 eV ferae.
 
 54 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 Ajite meos oculos adducitur advena pelex, 
 
 Nee mihi, quae patior, dissimulare licet. 
 Non sinis avert! : rnediara captiva per urbem 
 
 Invitis oculis aspicienda venit. 
 125 Nee venit incultis captarum more capillis. 
 
 Fortunam vnltu fassa tegente suam. 
 Ingreditur late lato spectabilis auro, 
 
 Qualiter in Phrygia tu quoque cultus eras. 
 Dat vultum populo sublimis ut Hercule victo. 
 130 Oechaliam vivo stare parente putes. 
 Forsitan et pulsa Aetolide Deianira 
 
 Nomine deposito pelicis uxor erit : 
 Eurytidoaque loles et insani Alcidae 
 
 Turpia famosus corpora iunget Hymen. 
 135 Mens fugit admonitu, frigusque perambulat artus, 
 
 Et iacet in gremio languida facta manus. 
 Me quoque cum multis, sed me sine crimine amasti 
 
 Ne pigeat, pugnae bis tibi causa fui. 
 Cornua flens legit ripis Achelous in ndis, 
 140 Truncaque limosa tempora mersit aqua. 
 Semivir occubuit in letifero Eueno 
 
 Nessus, et infecit sanguis equinus aquas. 
 Sed quid ego haec refero? scribenti nuntia venit 
 
 Fama, virum tunicae tabe perire meae. 
 
 123 e sinit. 125 e non. 126 e tegente suam. V 
 
 tegente suo. Pa decente. M tcgendo. Optimum Cod. P 
 subsequor. 129 eV sublime sub Hercule. 131 e expuha. 
 133 M insanii. Pa Aanii contra omnes Cod. et Edd. 135 e 
 attonitu. 139 e condit rapidis...undis. V legit rapidis... 
 
 unlis. Pa errore typog. ripis... in undis. 141 e lernei tabe 
 veneni. V occubuit vi: lemiferoque veneno. Madv. lentifero 
 eveno. 143 e refero liaec. 144 e perisse.
 
 IX. DEI AN IRA IIERCVLI. 55 
 
 Ei mihi, quid feci? quo me furor egit amantem ? 145 
 
 Impia quid dubitas Deianira mori 1 
 An tuus in media coniunx lacerabitur Oeta, 
 
 Tu sceleris tanti causa superstes eris 1 
 Siquid adhuc habeo facti, cur Herculis uxor 
 
 Credar, coniugii mors mihi pignus erit. 150 
 
 Tu quoque cognosces in me, Meleagre, sororem. 
 
 Impia quid dubitas Deianira mori 1 ? 
 Heu devota domus ! solio sedet Agrios alto : 
 
 Oenea desertum nuda senecta premit : 
 Exulat ignotis Tydeus germanus in oris : 155 
 
 Alter fatali vivus in igne fuit : 
 Exegit ferrum sua per praecordia mater. 
 
 Impia quid dubitas Deianira mori ? 
 Deprecor hoc unum per iura sacerrima lecti, 
 
 Ne videar fatis insidiata tuis. 160 
 
 Nessus ut est avidum percussus arundine pectus, 
 
 'Hie' dixit 'vires sanguis am oris habet.' 
 Inlita Nesseo misi tibi texta veneno. 
 
 Impia quid dubitas Deianira mori] 
 lamque vale, seniorque pater germanaque Gorge, 165 
 
 Et patria et patriae frater adempte tuae, 
 Et tu lux oculis hodierna novissima nostris, 
 
 Virque, ... sed o possit!... et puer Hylle, vale! 
 
 145 e heu. 147 e ethna. 149 eV et quid. 150 e 
 dicar. 153 eV acrior. 166 e et patria patriae. 168 e 
 virque si hoc. V Hie pro Hylle.
 
 56 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 * 
 
 X. 
 
 ABIADNE THESEO. 
 
 MITIUS inveni quam te genus omne ferarum. 
 
 Credita non ulli quam tibi peius eram. 
 Quae legis, ex illo, Theseu, tibi litore mitto, 
 
 Unde tuam sine me vela tulere ratem: 
 s In quo me somnusque meus male prodidit et tu, 
 
 Per facinus somnis insidiate meis. 
 Tempus erat, vitrea quo primum terra pruina 
 
 Spargitur et tectae fronde queruntur aves: 
 Incertum vigilans, a somno languida, movi 
 10 Thesea prensuras semisupina manus: 
 
 Nullus erat: referoque manus, iterumque retempto, 
 
 Perque torum moveo bracchia, nullus erat. 
 Excussere metus somnum. conterrita surgo, 
 
 Membraque sunt viduo praecipitata toro. 
 15 Protinus adductis sonuerunt pectora palmis, 
 
 Utque erat e somno turbida, rapta coma est. 
 Luna fuit : specto, siquid nisi litora cernam. 
 
 Quod videant oculi, nil iiisi litus habent. 
 Nunc hue, nunc illuc, et utroque sine ordine curro. 
 20 Alta puellares tardat arena pedes. 
 Interea toto clamanti litore 'Theseu!' 
 
 Reddebant nomen concava saxa tuum, 
 Et quotiens ego te, totiens locus ipse vocabat. 
 
 Ipse locus miserae ferre volebat opem. 
 
 3 e quam, cf. i. 1. 6 e pro. 10 eV semisopita.
 
 X. ARIADNE THESEO. 57 
 
 Mons fait; apparent frutices in vertice rari: 25 
 
 Hinc scopulus raucis pendet adesus aquis: 
 Ascendo : vires animus dabat : atque ita late 
 
 Aequora prospectu metier alta meo. 
 Inde ego... nam ventis quoque sum crudelibus nsa... 
 
 Vidi praecipiti carbasa tenta noto. 3 o 
 
 Aut vidi, aut certe cum me vidisse putarem, 
 
 Frigidior glacie semianimisque fui. 
 Nee languere diu patitur dolor, excitor illo, 
 
 Excitor et summa Thesea voce voco. 
 'Quo fugisT exclamo 'scelerate revertere Theseu, 35 
 
 Flecte ratem! numerum non habet ilia suum.' 
 Haec ego : quod voci deerat, plangore replebam : 
 
 Verbera cum verbis mixta fuere meis. 
 Si non audires, ut saltern cernere posses, 
 
 lactatae late signa dedere manus. 40 
 
 Candidaque inposui longae velamina virgae, 
 
 Scilicet oblitos admonitura mei. 
 lamque oculis ereptus eras. Turn denique flevi. 
 
 Torpuerant molles ante dol>re genae. 
 Quid potius facerent, quam me mea lumina flerent, 45 
 
 Postquam desierant vela videre tua ? 
 Aut ego diffusis erravi sola capillis, 
 
 Qualis ab Ogygio concita Baccha deo : 
 Aut mare prospiciens in saxo frigida sedi, 
 
 Quamque lapis sedes, tarn lapis ipsa fui. 50 
 
 26 e hie. VM nunc. 30 fV tensa. 31 e aut etiam cum 
 me. V aut certi cum me. MPa aut tamquam quae me quod 
 nihili esse mihi videtur. Malim ut vidi. 37 eV hoc. 43 
 t tune. 44 V torpebant. 45 e facerent potius.
 
 58 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 Saepe torum repeto, qui nos acceperat ambos, 
 
 Sed non acceptos exhibiturus erat, 
 Et tua, quae possum pro te, vestigia tango, 
 
 Strataque quae membris intepuere tuis. 
 ss Incumbo, lacrimisque toro manante profusis 
 
 'Pressimus' exclamo 'te duo: redde duos. 
 Venimus hue am bo, cur non discedimus ambo ? 
 
 Perfide, pars nostri, lectule, maior ubi est?' 
 Quid faciam 1 quo sola f erar ? vacat insula cultu : 
 60 Non hominum video, non ego facta bourn. 
 Omne latus terrae cingit mare : navita nusquam, 
 
 Nulla per ainbiguas puppis itura vias. 
 Finge dari comitesque mihi ventosque ratemque, 
 
 Quid sequar 1 Accessus terra paterna negat. 
 65 Ut rate felici pacata per aequora labar, 
 
 Temperet ut ventos Aeolus, exul ero. 
 Non ego te, Crete centum digesta per urbes, 
 
 Aspiciam, puero cognita terra lovi. 
 At pater et tellus iusto regnata parenti 
 7 Prodita sunt facto, nomina cara, meo, 
 Cum tibi, ne victor tecto morerere recurvo, 
 
 Quae regerent passus, pro duce fila dedi: 
 Cum mihi dicebas 'per ego ipsa pericula iuro, 
 
 Te fore, dum nostrum vivet uterque, meam.' 
 75 Vivimus, et non sum, Theseu, tua... Si modo vivis, 
 
 Femina periuri fraude sepulta viri. 
 Me quoque qua fratrem, mactasses, improbe, clava, 
 
 Esset quam dederas, morte soluta fides. 
 
 55 e incumboque toro lacrymis. 61 eV nusquam est. G9 
 V parente. 73 e tu mihi.
 
 X. ARIADNE THESEO. 59 
 
 Nunc ego non tantum quae sum passura, recorder, 
 
 Sed quaecumque potest ulla relicta pati. 80 
 
 Occurrunt animo pereundi mille figurae : 
 
 Morsque minus poenae quam mora mortis habet. 
 lam iam ventures aut hac aut suspicor iliac 
 
 Qui lanient avido viscera dente, lupos. 
 Forsitan et fulvos tellus alat ista leones. 85 
 
 Quis scit an et saevam tigrida Dia ferat? 
 Et freta dicuntur magnas expellere phocas. 
 
 Quis vetat et gladios per latus ire meum? 
 Tantum ne religer dura captiva catena, 
 
 Neve traham serva grandia pensa manu: 90 
 
 Cui pater est Minos, cui mater filia Phoebi, 
 
 Quodque magis memini, quae tibi pacta fui. 
 Si mare, si terras porrectaque litora vidi, 
 
 Malta mihi terrae, multa minantur aquae. 
 Caelum restabat, timeo simulacra deorum. 95 
 
 Destituor rapidis praeda cibusque feris. 
 Sive colunt habitantque viri, diffidimus illis: 
 
 Externos didici laesa timere viros. 
 Viveret Androgeos utinam, nee facta luisses 
 
 Inipia funeribus, Cecropi terra, tuis : ioc 
 
 Nee tua mactasset nodoso stipite, Theseu, 
 
 Ardua parte virum dextera, parte bovem : 
 Nee tibi quae reditus monstrarent, fila dedissem. 
 
 Fila per adductas saepe recepta manus. 
 
 85 eV alit. 86 eV Quis scit an haec saevas insula tigres 
 habet. M tigridas insula habet. 87 e magnos. 93 e tango. 
 99 e androgeus. V fata tulisses. 100 V impensa.
 
 60 OV1DII EPISTULAE. 
 
 105 Non equidem miror, si stat victoria tecum, 
 Strataque Cretaeam belua tinxit humum. 
 Non poterant figi praecordia ferrea cornu : 
 
 Ut te non tegeres, pectore tutus eras. 
 Illic tu silices, illic adamanta tulisti, 
 no Illic qiii silices, Thesea, vincat, habes. 
 Crudeles somni, quid me tenuistis inertem 1 
 
 Aut semel aeterna nocte premenda fui. 
 Vos quoque crudeles, venti, nimiumque parati, 
 
 Flaminaque in lacrimas officiosa meas. 
 s Dextera crudelis, quae me fratremque necavit, 
 
 Et data poscenti, noinen inane, fides. 
 In me iurarunt somnus ventusque fidesque. 
 
 Prodita sum causis una puella tribus. 
 Ergo ego nee lacrimas matris moritura videbo, 
 120 Nee mea qui digitis lumina condat, erit? 
 Spiritus infelix peregrinas ibit in auras, 
 
 Nee positos artus unguet arnica manus 1 
 Ossa superstabunt yolucres inhumata marinae 1 
 
 Haec sunt ofiiciis digna sepulchra meis? 
 125 Ibis Cecropios portus, patriaque receptus 
 
 Cum steteris turbae celsus honore tuae, 
 Et bene narraris letum taurique virique 
 Sectaque per dubias saxea tecta vias, 
 Me quoque narrato sola tellure relictam : 
 130 Non ego sum titulis subripienda tuis. 
 
 106 e tinxit. V stravit. MPa texit. 108 e durus. 112 
 eV at, cf. xn. 13. 120 V digitus. e claudat. 122 e non. 
 126 e turbae. ..in arce. M turbae.. .in ore. Pa urbis ..inarce. 
 V honore, vulyo, quod praetuli: 'a triumphaiitibus translatio.' 
 129 eVsoZa/w.
 
 X. ARIADNE. XII. MEDEA. 61 
 
 Nee pater est Aegeus, nee tu Pittheidos Aethrae 
 
 Films : auctores saxa fretumque tui. 
 Pi facerent, ut me summa de puppe videres : 
 
 Movisset vultus maesta figura tuos. 
 Nunc quoque non oculis, sed qua potes, aspice mente ^s 
 
 Haerentem scopulo, quern vaga pulsat aqua : 
 Aspice demissos lugentis more capillos 
 
 Et tunicas lacrimis sicut ab imhre gravis. 
 Corpus ut inpulsae segetes aquilonibus horret, 
 
 Litteraque articulo pressa tremente labat. MO 
 
 Non te per meritum . . . quoniam male cessit... adoro : 
 
 Debita sit facto gratia nulla meo : 
 Sed nee poena quidem. Si non ego causa salutis, 
 
 Non tamen est, cur sis tu niihi causa necis. 
 Has tibi plangendo lugubria pectora lassas MS 
 
 Infelix tendo trans freta longa manus : 
 Hos tibi, qui superant, ostendo maesta capillos : 
 
 Per lacrimas oro, quas tua facta movent : 
 Flecte ratem, Theseu, versoque relabere velo ! 
 
 Si prius occidero, tu tamen ossa feres. 150 
 
 Xll. 
 
 MEDEA 1ASONI. 
 
 AT tibi Colchorum...memini...regina vacavi, 
 Ars mea, cum peteres, ut tibi ferret opem. 
 
 133 e de summa rape. 144 tu sis. 145 e lugendo. 
 149 e ventoque relabere verso. VM versoque relabere vento. 
 ItUt.
 
 62 OV1D1I EPISTULAE. 
 
 Tune quae dispensant mortalia fata sorores 
 
 Debuerant fuses evoluisse meos. 
 s Turn potui Medea mori bene. quidquid ab illo 
 
 Produxi vitam tempore, poena fuit. 
 Ei mibi ! cur umquam iuvenalibus acta lacertis 
 
 Phrixeam petiit Pelias arbor ovem ? 
 Cur umquam Colchi Magnetida vidimus Argon, 
 10 Turbaque Phasiacam Graia bibistis aquam 1 
 Cur rnihi plus aequo flavi placuere capilli 
 
 Et decor et linguae gratia ficta tuae 1 
 Aut semel in nostras quoniam nova puppis arenas 
 
 Venerat, audacis attuleratque viros, 
 15 Isset anhelatos non praemedicatus in ignes 
 
 Immemor Aesonides oraque adunca boum, 
 Semina iecisset, totidem sevisset et hostes, 
 
 Et caderet cultu cultor ab ipse suo. 
 Quantum perfidiae tecum, scelerate, perisset, 
 20 Dempta forent capiti quam mala multa meo ! 
 Est aliqua ingrato meritum exprobrare voluptas : 
 
 Hac fruar, haec de te gaudia sola feram. 
 lussus inexpertam Colchos advertere puppim, 
 
 Intrasti patriae regna beata meae. 
 25 Hoc illic Medea fui, nova nupta quod hie est. 
 
 Quam pater est illi, tarn mihi dives erat. 
 Hie Ephyren bimarem, Scythia tenus ille nivosa 
 
 Omne tenet, Ponti qua plaga laeva iacet. 
 
 3 eP&Jila. 6 e Hew. 13 eV at. 17 ejecisset totidemque 
 resumeret hostes. Pa conj. semina sevisset totidem quot semina 
 e.t hostes. M secutus sum nisi quod jecisset pro sevisset edidi 
 s>ecundum G et vett. Edd. 18 eV ut. 25 V/ui.
 
 XII. MEDEA IASONI. 63 
 
 Accipit hospitio iuvenes Aeeta Pelasgos, 
 
 Et premitis pictos corpora Graia toros. 30 
 
 Tune ego te vidi, tune coepi scire, quis esses. 
 
 Ilia fait mentis prima ruina meae. 
 Et vidi et perii. nee notis ignibus arsi, 
 
 Ardet ut ad magnos pinea taeda deos. 
 Et formosus eras, et me mea fata trahebant. 35 
 
 Abstulerant oculi lumina nostra tui 
 Perfide, sensisti : quis enim bene celat amorem ? 
 
 Eminet indicio prodita flaruma suo. 
 Dicitur interea tibi lex, ut dura ferorum 
 
 Insolito premeres vomere colla bourn. 4 
 
 Martis erant tauri plus quam per cornua saevi, 
 
 Quorum terribilis spiritus ignis erat : 
 Aere pedes solidi, praetentaque naribus aera, 
 
 Nigra per adflatus haec quoque facta suos. 
 Semina praeterea populos genitura iuberis 45 
 
 Spargere devota lata per arva manu, 
 Qui peterent natis secum tua corpora telis : 
 
 Ilia est agricolae messis iniqua suo. 
 Lumina custodis, succumbere nescia somno, 
 
 Ultimus est aliqua decipere arte labor. so 
 
 Dixerat Aeetes. maesti consurgitis omnes, 
 
 Mensaque purpureos deserit alta toros. 
 Quam tibi tune longe regnum dotale Creusae 
 
 Et socer et magni nata Creontis erant ? 
 Tristis abis : oculis abeuntem prosequor udis, ss 
 
 Et dixit tenui murmure lingua 'vale!' 
 
 29 V excipit. e juvenes patgr oeta. 31 Pa quid. 39 eV 
 dixerat interea tibi rex. 48 V erat. 54 eV erat.
 
 64 OVIDJ I EPISTULAE. 
 
 Ut positum tetigi thalamo male saucia Icctum, 
 Acta est per lacrimas nox mihi, quanta fuit. 
 Ante oculos taurique meos segetesque nefandae, 
 60 Ante meos oculos pervigil anguis erat. 
 
 Hinc amor, hinc timor est : ipsum timor auget 
 
 amorem. 
 
 Mane erat, et thalanio cara recepta soror 
 Disiectamque comas adversaque in ora iacentem 
 
 Invenit, et lacrimis omnia plena meis. 
 65 Orat opem Minyis. petit altera, et altera habebat : 
 
 Aesonio iuveni quod rogat ilia, damus. 
 Est nemus et piceis et frondibus ilicis atrum, 
 
 Vix illuc radiis solis adire licet. 
 Sunt in eo... fuerant certe... delubra Dianae : 
 7 o Aurea barbarica stat dea facta manu. 
 
 Noscis, an exciderunt mecum loca ? Venimus illuc, 
 
 Orsus es infido sic prior ore loqui 
 ' lus tibi et arbitrium nostrae fortuna salutis 
 
 Tradidit, inque tua est vitaque morsque manu. 
 75 Perdere posse sat est, siquem iuvet ipsa potestas : 
 
 Sed tibi servatus gloria maior ero. 
 Per mala nostra precor, quorum potes esse levamen, 
 
 Per genus et numen cuncta videntis avi, 
 Per triplicis vultus arcanaque sacra Dianae, 
 80 Et si forte aliquos gens habet ista deos : 
 O virgo, miserere mei, miserere meorum : 
 Effice me meritis tempus in omne tuum ! 
 
 58 V tibi. 62 Pa est. 65 V habebit. 68 e illud. 
 
 69 e fuerantque diu. V sunt in eo et fuerant certe. 71 e 
 noscis an exciderant. V Nescio an exciderint. 75 eV juvat.
 
 XII. MEDEA IASONL 65 
 
 Quod si forte virum non dedignare Pelasgum,... 
 
 Sed mini tarn faciles unde meosque deos?... g s 
 
 Spiritus ante meus tenues vanescat in auras, 
 
 Quam thalamo, nisi tu, nupta sit ulla meo : 
 Conscia sit luno, sacris praefecta maritis, 
 
 Et dea, marmorea cuius in aede sumus ! ' 
 Haec animum... et quota pars haec suntl... movere 
 puellae 90 
 
 Simplicis, et dextrae dextera iuncta meae. 
 Vidi etiam lacrimas. an pars est fraudis in illis ? 
 
 Sic cito sum verbis capta puella tuis. 
 lungis et aeripedes inadusto corpore tauros 
 
 Et solidam iusso vomere findis humum. 95 
 
 Arva venenatis pro semine dentibus iraples : 
 
 Nascitur et gladios scutaque miles habet. 
 Ipsa ego, quae dederam medicamina, pallida sedi, 
 
 Cum vidi subitos arma tenere viros : 
 Donee terrigenae... facinus mirabile !... fratres 100 
 
 Inter se strictas conseruere manus. 
 In sopor ecce vigil squamis crepitantibus horrens 
 
 Sibilat, et torto pectore verrit humum. 
 Dotis opes ubi erant ? ubi erat tibi regia couiunx, 
 
 Quique maris gemini distinct Isthmos aquas? 105 
 
 Ilia ego, quae tibi sum nunc denique barbara facta, 
 
 ITunc tibi sum pauper, iiunc tibi visa nocens, 
 Flammea subduxi medicato lumina somno, 
 
 Et tibi, quae raperes, vellera tuta dedi 
 
 84 f unde parabo deos. V deosque meos. 85 e vanescet. 
 89 f et quota pars horum. V et quota pars posset movisse. 96 
 V habens. 99 eV miserabile. 100 eV in se constrictas. 
 101 eV Pervigil ecce draco. Pa Insopor ecce draco. 
 
 o. 5
 
 66 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 Proditus est genitor, regnum patriamque reliqui, 
 no Munus in exilio quodlibet esse tuli. 
 
 Virginitas facta est peregrin! praeda latronis. 
 
 Optima cum cara matre relicta soror. 
 At non te fugiens sine me, germane, reliqui. 
 
 Deficit hoc uno littera nostra loco, 
 us Quod facere ausa mea est, non audet scribere dextra, 
 
 Sic ego, sed tecum, dilaceranda fui. 
 Nee tamen extimui... quid enim post ilia timerem 1 ?... 
 
 Credere me pelago femina, iamque uocens. 
 Numen ubi est? ubi di? meritas subeamus in alto, 
 120 Tu fraudis poenas, credulitatis ego. 
 Compresses utinam Symplegades elisissent, 
 
 Nostraque adhaererent ossibus ossa tuis, 
 Aut nos Scylla rapax canibus misisset edendos ! 
 
 Debuit ingratis Scylla nocere viris. 
 125 Quaeque vomit totidem fluctus totidemque resorbet, 
 
 Nos quoque Trinacriae stibposuisset aquae ! 
 Sospes ad Haemonias victorque reverteris urbes : 
 
 Ponitur ad patrios aurea lana deos. 
 Quid referam Peliae natas pietate nocentes 
 130 Caesaque virginea membra paterna manu 1 
 Ut culpent alii, tibi me laudare necesse est, 
 
 Pro quo sum totiens esse coacta nocens. 
 Ausus es... o! iusto desunt sua verba dolori... 
 
 Ausus es 'Aesonia' dicere 'cede domo !' 
 
 113 V te non. 118 PaM tamque, quod frigidum mihi 
 
 videtur. eV jamque. 123 Pa conj. mersisset : sed quod e 
 v. 126 contra MSS. affert nihili est : quoque enim cnm nos non 
 cum supposuisset conjungendum est. 127 e revertit urbes. 
 
 128 e aurea preda. V lata.
 
 XII. MEDEA IASONI. 67 
 
 lussa domo cessi, natis comitata duobus 135 
 
 Et, qui me sequitur semper, amore tui. 
 Ut subito nostras Hymen cantatus ad aures 
 
 Venit, et accenso lampades igne micaiit, 
 Tibiaque effundit socialia carmina vobis, 
 
 At mihi funerea flebiliora tuba, 140 
 
 Pertimui, nee adhuc tan turn scelus esse putabam; 
 
 Sed tamen in toto pectore frigus erat. 
 Turba ruunt, et 'Hymen' clamant, ' Hy menace' fre- 
 quentant. 
 
 Quo propior vox haec, hoc mihi peius erat. 
 Diversi flebant servi, lacrimasque tegebant. 145 
 
 Quis vellet tanti nuntius esse mali 1 
 Me quoque, quidquid erat, potius nescire iuvabat : 
 
 Sed tamquam scirem, mens mea tristis erat. 
 Cum minor e pueris... lusus studioque videndi 
 
 Constitit ad geminae limina prima foris... 150 
 
 'Hinc mihi, mater, abi! pompam pater' inquit 
 'lason 
 
 Ducit, et adiunctos aureus urguet equos.' 
 Protinus abscissa planxi mea pectora veste, 
 
 Tuta nee a digitis ora fuere meis. 
 Ire animus mediae suadebat in agmina turbae, 155 
 
 Sertaque compositis demere rapta comis. 
 
 139 e effudit. 143 eV om. et. eV hymenaea. 149 
 Pa cum clamore Pheres jussus. Piget me a docto viro et 
 de Ovidio optime merito dissidere : nihil autem video car versus 
 mutari debeat. Minor e pueris ('our younger child') a matrc 
 jussus qui sit tumultus speculatur et puerili studio ad ipsa 
 limina procedit. Bene Ovidius has partes minori e pueris 
 dedit, major enim cum rem melius intellexisset non tarn 
 subito matri nuntiaturus erat. 151 hie. 
 
 5 2
 
 68 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 Vix me continui, quin sic laniata capillos 
 
 Clamarem 'meus est' iniceremque manus. 
 Laese pater gaude. Colchi gaudete relicti. 
 160 Inferias umbrae fratris habete mei. 
 Deseror, amissis regno patriaque domoque, 
 
 Coniuge, qui nobis omnia solus erat. 
 Serpentes igitur potui taurosque furentes, 
 
 Unum non potui perdomuisse virum. 
 165 Quaeque feros pepuli doctis medicatibus ignes, 
 
 Non valeo flammas effugere ipsa meas. 
 Ipsi me cantus herbaeque artesque relincunt. 
 
 Nil dea, nil Hecates sacra potentis agunt. 
 Non mihi grata dies, noctes vigilantur amarae, 
 170 Et tener a misero pectore somnus abit. 
 Quae me non possum, potui sopire draconem. 
 
 TJtilior cuivis quam mihi cura mea est. 
 Quos ego sevvavi, pelex amplectitur artus, 
 
 Et nostri fructus ilia laboris habet. 
 175 Forsitan et, stultae dum te iactare maritae 
 
 Quaeris et iniustis auribus apta loqui, 
 In faciem moresque meos nova crimina fiugas. 
 
 Rideat et vitiis laeta sit ilia meis. 
 Rideat, et Tyrio iaceat siiblimis in ostro : 
 180 Flebit, et ardores vincet adusta meos ! 
 
 Dum ferruin flammaeque aderunt sucusque veneni, 
 
 Hostis Medeae nullus inultus erit. 
 Quod si forte preces praecordia ferrea tangunt, 
 
 Nunc animis audi verba minora meis. 
 
 165 e rapui. V repuli. 170 e Non... erat. V nee tener am 
 miser a... habet. Pa conj. et tener a misero... abit, quod edidi. 
 M nee tener in... habet. 177 eVfingis. 180 e vincat.
 
 XII. MEDEA IASOFI. 69 
 
 Tam tilti sum supplex, quam tu mihi saepe fuisti : 185 
 
 Nee moror ante tuos procubuisse pedes. 
 Si tibi sura vilis, communis respice natos : 
 
 Saeviet in partus dira noverca meos. 
 Et nimium similes tibi sunt, et imagine tangor, 
 
 Et quotiens video, lumina nostra madent. 190 
 
 Per superos oro, per avitae lumina flammae, 
 
 Per meritum et natos, pignora nostra, duos : 
 Redde torum, pro quo tot res insana reliqui : 
 
 Adde fidem dictis, auxiliumque refer. 
 Non ego te imploro contra taurosque virosque, 195 
 
 Utque tua serpens victa quiescat ope. 
 Te peto, quern merui, quem nobis ipse dedisti, 
 
 Cum quo sum pariter facta parente parens. 
 Dos ubi sit, quaeris ? campo numeravimus illo, 
 
 Qui tibi laturo vellus arandus erat. 200 
 
 Aureus ille aries villo spectabilis aureo, 
 
 Dos mea : quam dicam si tibi 'redde,' neges. 
 Dos mea tu sospes. dos est mea Graia iuventus : 
 
 I nunc, Sisyphias, improbe, confer opes. 
 Quod vivis, quod habes nuptam socerumque potentis, 205 
 
 Hoc ipsum, ingratus quod potes esse, meum est 
 Quos equidem actutum... Sed quid praedicere poenam 
 
 Attinet 1 ingentis parturit ira minas. 
 Quo feret ira, sequar. facti fortasse pigebit. 
 
 Et piget infido consuluisse viro. 210 
 
 Viderit ista deus, qui nunc mea pectora versafc. 
 
 Nescio quid certe mens mea mains agit. 
 
 185 eV nam...quod. e om. sum. 197 f qui nobis. 205 
 e potente. 207 e quos equidem perdam. 208 e continet.
 
 70 OVID II EPISTULAE. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 LAODAMIA PEOTESILAO. 
 
 MITTIT, et optat amans quo mittitur ire, salutem, 
 
 Haeinonis Haemonio Laodamia viro. 
 Aulide te fama est vento retinente morari : 
 
 Ah ! me cuni fugeres, hie ubi ventus erat ? 
 5 Turn freta debuerant vestris obsistere remis. 
 
 Illud erat saevis utile tempus aquis. 
 Oscula plura viro mandataque plura dedissem : 
 
 Et sunt quae volui dicere multa fcibi. 
 Baptus es hinc praeceps, et qui tua vela vocaret, 
 10 Quern cuperent nautae, non ego, ventus erat. 
 Ventus erat nautis aptus, non aptus amanti : 
 
 Solvor ab amplexu, Protesilae, tuo, 
 Linguaque mandantis verba imperfecta reliquit : 
 
 Vix illud potui dicere triste vale. 
 15 Incubuit boreas, abreptaque vela teteudit : 
 
 lamque meus longe Protesilaus erat. 
 Dum potui spectare virum spectare iuvabat : 
 
 Sumque tuos oculos usque secuta meis. 
 Ut te non poteram, poteram tua vela videre, 
 20 Vela diu vultus detinuere meos. 
 
 At postquam nee te, nee vela fugacia vidi, 
 
 Et quod spectarem, nil nisi pontus erat, 
 Lux quoque tecum abiit, tenebrisque exanguis obortis 
 
 Succiduo dicor procubuisse genu. 
 
 4 e ha ! 5e tune. 8 eV plura. 13 eV mandatis.
 
 XIII. LAODAMIA PBOTESILAO. 71 
 
 Vix socer Iphiclus, vix me grandaevus Acastus, 
 
 Vix mater gelida maesta refecit aqua. 
 Officium fecere pium, sed inutile nobis. 
 
 Indignor miserae non licuisse mori. 
 Ut rediit animus, pariter rediere dolores. 
 
 Pectora legitimus casta momordit amor. 
 Nee mihi pectendos cura est praebere capillos, 
 
 Nee libet aurata corpora veste tegi. 
 Ut quas pampinea tetigisse Bicorniger hasta 
 
 Creditur, hue illuc, qua furor egit, eo. 
 Conveuiunt niatres Phylaceides, et mihi clamant 
 
 ' Indue regales, Laodamia, sinus ! ' 
 Scilicet ipsa geram saturatas murice lanas, 
 
 Bella sub Iliacis moenibus ille gerat ? 
 Ipsa comas pectar, galea caput ille prematur : 
 
 Ipsa novas vestes, dura vir anna ferat ] 
 Qua possum, squalore tuos imitata labores 
 
 Dicar, et haec belli tempora tristis agam. 
 Dyspari Priamide, damno formose tuorum, 
 
 Tarn sis hostis iners, quam malus hospes eras. 
 Aut te Taenariae faciem culpasse maritae, 
 
 Aut illi vellem displicuisse tuain. 
 Tu, qui pro rapta nimium, Menelae, laboras, 
 
 Ei mihi quam multis flebilis ultor eris ! 
 Di, precor, a nobis omen removete sinistrum, 
 
 Et Bua det reduci vir meus arma lovi. 
 
 29 eV utque animus rediit. 34 V quo. 35 e phylacidis. 
 37 eV vestes. 38 e ipse. eV geret. 39 eV premetur. 40 
 eV/eret. 41 eY quo. 43 eV dux Pari. 45 e at. 48 
 e heu.
 
 72 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 Sed timeo, quotiens subiit miserabile belluin ; 
 
 More nivis lacrimae sole madentis eunt. 
 Ilion et Tenedos Simoisque et Xanthus et Ide 
 
 Nomura sunt ipso paene timenda sono. 
 55 N"ec rapere ausurus, nisi se defendere posset, 
 
 Hospes erat. vires noverat ille suas. 
 Venerat, ut fama est, multo spectabilis auro, 
 
 Quique suo Phrygias corpore ferret opes, 
 Classe virisque potens, per quae fera bella geruntur, 
 60 E,t sequitur regni pars quota quemque sui ? 
 His ego te victam, consors Ledaea gemellis, 
 Suspicor. haec Danais posse nocere puto. 
 Hectora nescio quern timeo : Paris Hectora dixit 
 
 Ferrea sanguinea bella movere manu. 
 65 Hectora, quisquis is est, si sum tibi cara, caveto : 
 
 Signatum memori pectore nomen habe. 
 Hunc ubi vitaris, alios vitare memento, 
 
 Et multos illic Hectoras esse puta : 
 Et facito ut dicas, quotiens pugnare parabis, 
 7 o 'Parcere me iussit Laodamia sibi.' 
 
 Si cadere Argolico fas est sub milite Troiam, 
 Te quoque non ullum vulnus habente cadat. 
 73 Pugnet et adversos tendat Menelaus in hostis : 
 7 6 Hostibus e mediis nupta petenda viro est. 
 Causa tua est dispar. tu tantum vivere pugna, 
 
 Inque pios dotninae posse redire sinus. 
 Parcite, Dardanidae, de tot, precor, hostibus uni, 
 so Ne meus ex illo corpore sanguis eat. 
 
 51 e quotiens que subit. 53 V ida. 72 Madv. cadet. 
 
 73 in eV sequuntur Ut rapiat Paridi quam Paris ante sibi. 
 Irruat et causa qui vincit vincat et armis.
 
 XIII. LAODAMIA PROTESILAO. 73 
 
 Non est, quern deceat nudo concurrere ferro, 
 
 Saevaque in obpositos pectora ferre viros. ' 
 Fortius ille potest multo, quam pugnat, amare. 
 
 Bella gerant alii : Protesilaus amet. 
 Nunc fateor ; volui revocare, animusque ferebat : 85 
 
 Substitit auspicii lingua timore mali. 
 Cum foribus velles ad Troiam exire paternis, 
 
 Pes tuus offenso limine signa dedit. 
 Ut vidi, ingemui tacitoque in pectore dixi 
 
 ' Signa reversuri sint, precor, ista viri !' 90 
 
 Haec tibi nunc refero, ne sis animosus in armis. 
 
 Fac meus in ventos hie timor omnis eat. 
 Sors quoque nescio quern fato designat iniquo, 
 
 Qui primus Danaum Troada tangat humum. 
 Infelix, quae prima virum lugebit ademptum! 95 
 
 Di faciant, ne tu strenuus esse velis ! 
 Inter mille rates tua sit millensima puppis, 
 
 lamque fatigatas ultima verset aquas. 
 Hoc quoque praemoneo. de nave novissimus exi : 
 
 Non est, quo properas, terra paterna tibi. TOO 
 
 Cum venies, remoque move veloque carinam, 
 
 Inque tuo celerem litore siste gradum ! 
 Sive latet Phoebus, seu terris altior exstat, 
 
 Tu mihi luce dolor, tu mihi nocte venis. 
 Aucupor in lecto mendaces caelibe somnos. 
 
 Dum careo veris, gaudia falsa iuvant 
 Sed tua cur nobis pallens occurrit imago 1 
 
 Cur venit ah! verbis multa querella tuis? no 
 
 83 eV qui pugnat amore. 88 V limite. 94 eV tanget. 
 100 VM properes. Madv. properas. 110 Sic Madv. eVM. 
 cur venit a verbis. Pa cur venit a verbis muta querella latens 
 quern sequi non ausns sum.
 
 74 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 Excutior somno, simulacraque noctis adoro : 
 
 Nulla caret fumo Thessalis ara meo : 
 Tura damus, lacrimamque super, qua sparsa relucet, 
 
 Ut solet adfuso surge re flamma mero. 
 us Quando ego, te reducem cupidis amplexa lacertis, 
 
 Languida laetitia solvar ab ipsa mea ? 
 Quando erit, ut lecto mecum bene iunctus in uno 
 
 Militiae referas splendida facta tuae? 
 Quae mihi dura referes, quamvis audire iuvabit, 
 120 Multa tamen rapies oscula, multa dabis. 
 Semper in his apte narrantia verba resistunt : 
 
 Promptior est dulci lingua refecta mora. 
 Sed cum Troia subit, subeunt ventique fretumque, 
 
 Spes bona sollicito victa tiraore cadit. 
 125 Hoc quoque, quod venti prohibent exire carinas. 
 
 Me movet : invitis ire paratis aquis. 
 Quis velit in patriam vento pronibente reverti ? 
 
 A patria pelago vela vetante datis ! 
 Ipse suam non praebet iter Neptunus ad urbem. 
 130 Quo ruitis ? Vestras quisque redite domos ! 
 Quo ruitis, Danai 1 Ventos audite vetantis ! 
 
 Non subiti casus, numinis ista mora est. 
 Quid petitur tanto nisi turpis adultera bello ? 
 
 Dum licet, Inachiae vertite vela rates ! 
 135 Sed quid ago revocans ? omen revocantis abesto, 
 
 Blandaque compositas aura secundet aquas. 
 
 113 e quae. 114 V a fuso. 116 e tristitia. 122 
 
 eVM referre. Pa Madv. refecta. 135 e Sed quid ego revoco ? 
 levum procul omen abesto. V sed quid ego revoco haec 1 omen 
 revocantis abesto. MPa sed quid ago? revoco! revocaminis 
 omen abesto ! Cur G deseratur equidem non video.
 
 XIII. LAODAMIA PEOTESILAO. 75 
 
 Troasin in video, quae sic lacrimosa suorum 
 
 Funera conspicient, nee procul hostis erit. 
 Ipsa suis manibus forti nova nupta marito 
 
 Imponet galeam barbaraque arma dabit. 140 
 
 Arma dabit, dumque arma dabit, simul oscula sumet : 
 
 Hoc genus officii dulce duobus erit... 
 Produce tque virum, dabit et mandata reverti, 
 
 Et dicet ' referas ista fac arma lovi ! ' 
 Ille, ferens dominae mandata recentia secum HS 
 
 Pugnabit caute, respicietque domum. 
 Exuet haec reduci clipeum, galeamque resolvet, 
 
 Excipietque suo corpora lassa sinu. 
 Nos sumus incertae. nos anxius omnia cogit, 
 
 Quae possunt fieri, facta putare timor. i s 
 
 Dum tamen arma geres diverse miles in orbe, 
 
 Quae referat vultus est mini cera tuos. 
 Illi blanditias, illi tibi debita verba 
 
 Dicimus, amplexus accipit ilia meos. 
 Crede mihi, plus est quam quod videatur imago: J ss 
 
 Adde sonum cerae, Protesilaus erit. 
 Hanc specto, teiieoque sinu pro coniuge vero, 
 
 Et, tamquam possit verba referre, queror. 
 Per reditus corpusque tuum, mea numina, iuro, 
 
 Perque pares animi coniugiique faces, l6 
 
 Perque, quod ut videam canis albere capillis, 
 
 Quod tecum possis ipse referre, caput, 
 Me tibi venturam comitem, quocumque vocaris, 
 
 Sive... quod heu timeo, sive superstes eris. 
 Ultima mandato claudetur epistula parvo : 165 
 
 Si tibi cura mei, sit tibi cura tui ! 
 
 137 eV Troadax. 147 eV exeret et. 166 eM sit tibi. ..sit 
 mihi. Pa si tibi e nonnull. codd. cui assentior.
 
 76 OVIDII EPLSTULAE. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 HYPERMNESTBA LYNGEO. 
 
 MITTIT Hypermnestra de tot modo fratribus uni. 
 
 Cetera nuptarum crimine turba iacet. 
 Clausa domo teneor gravibusque coercita vinclis : 
 
 Est mihi supplicii causa, fuisse piam. 
 s Quod manus extimuit iugulo demittere ferrum, 
 
 Sum rea : laudarer, si scelus ausa forem. 
 Esse ream praestat, quam sic placuisse parenti. 
 
 Non piget inmunes caedis habere manus. 
 Me pater igne licet, quern non violavimus, urat, 
 10 Quaeque aderant sacris, tendat in ora faces : 
 Aut illo iugulet, quern non bene tradidit ensem, 
 
 Ut qua non cecidit vir nece, nupta cadam : 
 Non tamen, ut dicant morientia 'paenitet' ora, 
 
 Efficiet. non est, quam piget esse piam. 
 15 Paeniteat sceleris Danaum saevasque sorores. 
 
 Hie solet eventus facta nefanda sequi. 
 Cor pavet admonitu temeratae sanguine noctis, 
 
 Et subitus dextrae praepedit orsa tremor. 
 Quam tu caede putes fungi potuisse ruariti, 
 30 Scribere de facta non sibi caede timet. 
 Sed tamen experiar. Modo facta crepuscula terris, 
 
 Ultima pars lucis, primaque noctis erat : 
 Ducimur Inachides magni sub tecta Pelasgi, 
 
 Et socer armatas accipit ipse nurus. 
 
 1 eV hypermestra. Sic ubique. 3 e durisque. 5 eV dimit- 
 tere. 12 e cadat. 14 Madv. pia. 15 e danaum sceleris. 
 \leattonitu. 18 e timor. 22 eV noctis... lucis. 24 e Hie.
 
 XIV. HYPERMNESTRA LYNGEO. 77 
 
 Undique conlucent praecinctae lampades auro : 2S 
 
 Dantur in invites impia tura focos : 
 Vulgus 'Hymen, Hymenaee' vocant. f ugit ille vocantis, 
 
 Ipsa lovis coniunx cessit ab urbe sua. 
 Ecce mere dubii, comitum clamore frequences, 
 
 Flore novo madidas impediente comas, 30 
 
 In thalamos laeti... thalamos, sua busta!... feruntur, 
 
 Strataque corporibus, funere digna, premunt. 
 lamque cibo vinoque graves somnoque iacebant, 
 
 Securumque quies alta per Argos erat : 
 Circum me gemitus morientum audire videbar... 35 
 
 Et tameii audieram, quodque verebar, erat. 
 Sanguis abit, mentemque calor corpusque relinquit, 
 
 Inque novo iacui frigida facta toro. 
 Ut leni zephyro graciles vibrantur aristae, 
 
 Frigida populeas ut quatit aura comas, 40 
 
 Aut sic, aut etiam tremui magis. Ipse iacebas, 
 
 Quaeque tibi dederam vina, soporis erant. 
 Excussere uietum violent! iussa parentis : 
 
 Erigor, et capio tela tremente manu. 
 Non ego falsa loquar. ter acutum sustulit ensem, 45 
 
 Ter male sublato reccidit ense manus. 
 Admovi iugulo... sine me tibi vera fateri... 
 
 Admovi iugulo tela paterna tuo : 
 Sed timor et pietas crudelibus obstitit ausis, 
 
 Castaque maudatum dextra refugit opus. 50 
 
 27 eV hymenea. 31 e in thalamos laeti juvenes. 42 
 Pa plena. Vide quod explicavit ille. Mihi quidem falsum esse 
 eo videtur, quod Hypermnestra non dormit sed trepida vigilat. 
 46 e Concidit. V decidit. Pa recidit. Reccidit rececidit; ut 
 rettulit pro retetulit.
 
 78 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 Purpureos laniata sinus, laniata capillos 
 
 Exiguo dixi talia verba sono 
 ' Saevus, Hypermnestra, pater est tibi. iussa parentis 
 
 Effice. germanis sit comes iste suis. 
 ss Femina sum et virgo, natura mitis et annis : 
 
 Non faciunt molles ad fera tela manus. 
 Quin age, dumque iacet, fortis imitare sorores : 
 
 Credibile est caesos omnibus esse viros. 
 Si manus haec aliquam posset committere caedem, 
 60 Morte foret dominae sanguinolenta suae. 
 Aut meruere necem patruelia regna tenendo 
 
 Quae tamen externis danda forent generis? 
 Finge viros meruisse mori. quid feciinus ipsae 1 
 
 Quo mihi commisso non licet esse piae 1 
 6 s Quid mihi cum ferro ? quid bellica tela puellael 
 
 Aptior est digitis lana colusque meis.' 
 Haec ego. dumque queror,lacrimae sua verba sequuntur 
 
 Deque meis oculis in tua membra cadunt. 
 Dum petis amplexus sopitaque bracchia iactas, 
 7 Paene manus telo saucia facta tua est. 
 
 lamque patrem famulosque patris lucemque timebain. 
 
 Expulerunt somnos haec mea dicta tuos, 
 'Surge age, Belide, de tot modo fratribus unus! 
 
 !N"ox tibi; ni properas : ista perennis erit.' 
 75 Territus exsurgis; fugit omnis inertia somni: 
 
 Aspicis in timida fortia tela manu. 
 
 61 e haut. V quid. 62 Pa regna tenenda forent. Locus 
 ut videtur corntptns : nihil autem muto quum nihil exploratum 
 habeo. 63 e necem. 64 eVpiam. 67 e mea. 72 eY 
 expulerant.
 
 XIV. HYPERMNESTRA L7NCEO. 79 
 
 Quaerenti causara 'dum nox sinit, effuge' dixi: 
 
 'Dum nox atra sinit, tu fugis, ipsa moror.' 
 Mane erat, et Danaus generos ex caede iacentis 
 
 Dinumerat. summae criminis traus abes. 80 
 
 Fert male cognatae iacturam mortis in uno, 
 
 Et queritur facti sauguinis esse parum. 
 Abstrahor a patriis pedibus, raptamque capillis... 
 
 Haec meruit pietas praemia... career habet. 
 Scilicet ex illo lunonia permanet ira, ? s 
 
 Quo bos ex homine est, ex bove facta dea. 
 At satis est poenae teneram mugisse puellam, 
 
 Nee, modo formosam, posse placere lovi. 
 Adstitit in ripa liquidi nova vacca parentis, 
 
 Cornuaque in patriis non sua vidit aquis: 9 
 
 Conatoque queri mugitus edidit ore, 
 
 Territaque est forma, territa voce sua. 
 Quid furis, infelix 1 quid te miraris in umbra 1 ? 
 
 Quid numeras factos ad nova membra pedes 1 
 Ilia lovis magni pelex metuenda sorori, 9S 
 
 Fronde levas nimiam caespitibusque famem : 
 Fonte bibis, spectasque tuam stupefacta figuram, 
 
 Et, te ne feriant quae geris arma, times. 
 Quaeque modo, ut posses etiam love digna videri, 
 
 Dives eras, nuda nuda recumbis humo. I0 
 
 Per mare, per terras cognataque flumina curris: 
 
 Dat mare, dant amnes, dat tibi terra viam. 
 Quae tibi causa fugae 1 Quid, lo, freta longa pererras 1 
 
 Non poteris vultus effugere ipsa tuos. 
 
 82V/ocitm. 86 Madv. quom. 87 e An. V ah I 
 
 91 eV et conata. 100 e uda.
 
 80 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 105 Inachi, quo properas 1 eadem seqneiisque fugisque : 
 
 Tu tibi dux comiti, tu comes ipsa duel. 
 Per septem Nilus portus emissus in aequor 
 
 Exult insanae pelicis ora bovis. 
 Ultima quid referam, quorum mihi cana senectus 
 no Auctor? Dant anni, quod querar, ecce mei. 
 Bella pater patruusque gerunt : regnoque domoque 
 
 Pellimur : eiectos ultimus orbis habet. 
 Ille ferox solio solus sceptroque potitur : 
 
 Cum sene nos inopi turba vagamur inops. 
 us De fratrum populo pars exiguissima restat. 
 
 Quique dati leto, quaeque dedere, fleo. 
 Nam mihi quot fratres, totidem periere sorores : 
 
 Accipiat lacrimas utraque tui-ba meas. 
 En ego, quod vivis, poenae crucianda reservor : 
 120 Quid fiet sonti, cum rea laudis agar, 
 
 Et consanguineae quondam centensima turbae 
 
 Infelix uno fratre manente cadam. 
 At tu, siqua piae, Lynceu, tibi cura sororis, 
 Quaeque tibi tribui munera, dignus habes, 
 125 Vel fer opem, vel dede neci ; defunctaque vita 
 
 Corpora furtivis insuper adde rogis, 
 Et sepeli lacrimis perfusa fidelibus ossa, 
 
 Sculptaque-sint titulo nostra sepulchra brevi 
 'Exul Hypermnestra. . . pretium pietatis iniquum... 
 130 Quam mortem fratri depulit, ipsa tulit.' 
 Scribere plura libet, sed ponder lassa catenae 
 Est manus, et vires subtrahit ipse timor. 
 
 112 V ejectas. 113 eV solus solio. 131 M lapsa.
 
 NOTES 
 
 PENELOPE ULYSSI. 
 
 TROY has fallen after a ten years' siege. The surviving 
 Greek warriors have returned to their various cities. Penelope 
 has been told of all that happened at Troy ; of her husband's 
 deeds and of his safety ; but still he does not return. Nearly 
 ten years have passed since the fall of Troy, and no news can 
 be obtained of him. She has sent to Sparta and to Pylos for 
 information in vain. Every captain whose ship has touched at 
 Ithaca has been questioned, and entrusted with a letter for the 
 absent king on the chance of meeting with him. But still the 
 terrible uncertainty remains, still Penelope is a mpurning 
 widow, beset by greedy suitors who devour her substance, and 
 with no protection but her young son and the aged Laertes. Her 
 father too is pressing her to reckon her husband as dead, and 
 marry one of the suitors. Still she is faithful to her absent 
 lord, and writes once more in words of longing and love. The 
 Epistle must be supposed to be written just at the end of the ten 
 years' wandering, and on the eve of Ulysses' return, if v. 99, 
 100 is to be pressed. 
 
 [The materials for this Epistle are to be found in the 
 Odyssey : but Ovid uses them freely and without caring much 
 for consistency. For instance, Telemachus who at the opening 
 of the Odyssey has evidently arrived at man's estate, holding 
 his own against the suitors, and taking part in the agora, is 
 spoken of as a puer v. 98. And in v. 15 Penelope speaks of him 
 as sent in quest of his father, whereas he is said in the Odyssey 
 to have gone without her knowledge.] 
 
 1. hanc, sc. epistolam, cf. 10, 3. lento 'loitering.' 
 Lentus (lenitus) means first 'flexible' as leather or a twig. 
 Then by an easy transition metaphorically 'inactive,' 'otiose,' 
 'wanting in vigour.' Cf. 66. 
 
 o. 6
 
 82 NOTES. I, 
 
 2. ' Send me no answer in words, but let your answer be 
 your own presence.' This arrangement of the words is the only 
 one with any authority, though it must be confessed to be 
 somewhat awkward and wanting in point. Palmer's reading 
 ut tamen is however open to much objection on the score of the 
 order of words. 
 
 4. vlx tanti fuit 'was scarcely worth such a price,' i.e. your 
 absence. The subject is here Priamus Trojaque. Sometimes 
 it is a sentence, as in Cic. Cat. 2, 7 Est mihi tanti, Quirites, hujus 
 invidiae tempestatem subire and 7, 45. Vid. Boby, 1192. 
 
 5. Ovid is fond of the combination turn cum, which being 
 purely temporal is always followed by the indicative. Vid. 
 3, 23. 5, 109. 
 
 6. Insanis as applied to the sea is metaphorical, 'raging.' 
 7. 53 insana quid aequora possent. Ep. 18, 28 insani freti. 
 Bentley according to Jahn wished to write incanis, because the 
 waves would have been far from 'insane' to drown an adulterer! 
 A warning to conjectural emendators. 
 
 7. frigida ' cold with grief and solitude, ' cf . 10, 49. 
 
 8. non quererer 'I had not now been complaining.' The 
 tense implies that the complaint is still of daily occurrence, and 
 is even then as she writes being uttered. In verse 10, by using 
 the pluperf. lassasset she speaks of the task as over, at any rate 
 for the time. This has from very old times been changed to 
 lassaret, from the idea of representing the spinning as still 
 going on. 
 
 9. spatiosam fallere noctem 'to beguile the long long 
 night.' Ovid uses spatiosus of senectus, Met. 12, 186. vetustas, 
 Met. 15, 623. aevum, Met. 8, 529. bellum, Met. 13, 206. tempus, 
 Am. 1, 8, 81. All referring to tune : a use which seems almost 
 peculiar to him. 
 
 10. pendula tela: tela is the 'warp,' the upright threads 
 into which the 'weft' is woven, pendula refers to this upright 
 position: elsewhere Ovid calls it stans, recta, Met. 4, 275. 
 Fast. 3, 819. See Eich. The mode of weaving and the 
 difference between tela and subtemen may be learnt by studying 
 Ov. Met. 6, 55, sq. Tela jugo vincta est; stamen secernit 
 arundo : Inseritur medium radiis subtemen acutis, dbc. 
 
 Tho story of Penelope's ruse to put off the suitors until she 
 had woven a shroud for Laertes, and of which she undid by 
 night as much as she had woven by day, is told in the Odyssey, 
 11, 85 109. But Ovid does not seem to refer directly to this. 
 He only takes the general fact, often alluded to in Homer, of
 
 PENELOPE DL7SSI. 83 
 
 Penelope being engaged with the loom, and represents her as 
 working at night to beguile the long hours of sleeplessness. 
 
 I have however sometimes thought that Ovid may really be 
 referring to this midnight unravelling of the work. I have 
 thought so for two reasons. (1) It seems strange that Ovid 
 should pass over such an incident in Penelope's fife. (2) The 
 epithet pendula very ill describes the warp as fastened on the 
 loom. Pendulus means 'hanging loose down'. So Ovid F. 4, 
 386 has pendula Libra, Met. 7, 117 palearia p. This would 
 exactly represent the position of the cloth when unfastened at 
 one end to allow of unravelling the work. Tela would then 
 represent the woven cloth, and pendula cease to be a merely 
 ornamental epithet. 
 
 11. quando 'when?' is properly interrogative, and when 
 used of time can only be employed in interrogative sentences, 
 direct or indirect. 
 
 14. 'At the mention of Hector's name I was ever pale.' 
 in nomine, lit. ' in the case of his name : ' so in pelice saevae 
 Met. 4, 547. 
 
 15. Another instance of the carelessness with which Ovid 
 uses his authority: for in Homer Odyss. 4, 187 Antilochus is 
 said to be killed by Memnon, TOV p 'How iKreive <pa.wr)s ayXads 
 f i6s, nor is there any trace of a variation in the story in other 
 writers. 
 
 17. Menoetiaden : Patroclus son of Menoetius. falsis 
 sub armis : 'in armour not his own,' alluding to the wearing 
 the armour of Achilles by Patroclus on the day on which he 
 was killed. II. 16, 64, sq. 
 
 18. 'I wept to think that stratagem (in which you excel 
 all men) could lack success.' 
 
 19. Tlepolemus was killed by Sarpedon king of Lycia. 
 II. 5, 628665. 
 
 23. deus aequus 'the friendly god.' F. 6, 766 per 
 volucres aequos multa monere deos. Tr. 1, 1, 45 judex mirabi- 
 tur aequus. 
 
 27. nymphae 'the nymphs receive gifts in gratitude for 
 the safety of their husbands.' This is Palmer's interpretation 
 [Hermathene xx. p. 104], and is much better than the old way 
 of explaining nymphae as ' brides,' a sense in which it does not 
 occur elsewhere. He quotes Propert. 4, 4, 25; we may add 
 Odyss. xiv. 435, where the swineherd offers to the Nymphs and 
 Hermes for the safe return of Odysseus. 
 
 grata dona ' thank-offerings.' 
 
 62
 
 84 NOTES. I. 
 
 28. ill!: the warriors. 'They joyfully proclaim that the 
 fates of Troy have yielded to their own.' The notion of one 
 person's luck being stronger than another's is illustrated by 
 Loers from Aen. 7, 293 fatis contraria nostris Fata Phrygum. 
 And Valer. Fl. 7, 446 fatis sum victa suis. So a man may con- 
 quer his own unkindly star, Aen. 11, 16 vivendo vici mea fata. 
 
 29. iusti senes : from the notion of the elders of the city 
 acting as senators, magistrates, &c. It is the natural epithet 
 for senex, cf. F. 4, 524. Met. 8, 704. 
 
 30. pendet ab ore 'hangs upon the lips,' so Virg. Aen. 4, 79 
 pendetque iterum narrantis ab ore, where Conington quotes 
 the Greek phrase Kptpaaffai ZK TWOS. 
 
 31 32. mensa...posita: 'when the dessert is on the 
 table,' i.e. when the secunda menaa is put before the guests. 
 The table or a tray was brought in ready set out, and removed 
 afterwards, so Met. 13, 676 somnum mensa petiere remota. The 
 habit of drawing plans of battles, &c., with the finger dipped in 
 wine is referred to again in Amor. 2, 5, 17 mensa conscripta 
 mero. Tr. 2, 454 tacitam mensae duxit in orbe notam. So Tibull. 
 1, 10, 31 Ut mihi potanti possit sua dicere facta Miles et in mensa 
 pingere castra mero. 
 
 33. Sigeia tellus : the town and promontory of Sigeum, 
 near which most of the Homeric battles were fought, and 
 where Achilles was buried. Cf. M. 12, 71 jam Sigaea rubebant 
 litora. 
 
 35. Aeacldes : Achilles, grandson of Aeacus. tendebat 
 'used to pitch his tent.' Virg. Aen. 2, 29 hie saevus tendebat 
 Achilles, ib. 8, 605 legio latis tendebat in arvis. 
 
 36. admissos 'galloping at full speed:' used in 2, 114, 
 metaphorically of a rapid stream. Cf. Am. 3, 2, 78 evolat 
 admissis discolor agmen equis. 
 
 37 8. Ovid again uses his authority loosely, for Telemachus 
 went of his own accord, or at the instigation of Pallas, without 
 his mother's knowledge. Nestor's narrative to Telemachus is 
 in Odyss. 4, 101200. 
 
 quaerere mlsso ' sent to seek.' The infin. of the purpose is 
 not uncommon in Ovid. Cf. Met. 5, 660 misit Mopsopium 
 juvenem sacros agitare jugales. 
 
 39 40. The story of the slaughter of Ehesus and Dolon by 
 Ulysses and Diomede in their night expedition is told in II. 10, 
 331 502. Bhesus king of the Thracians is killed by Diomede 
 as he sleeps (v. 495 6) ; Dolon is met by the heroes on the 
 way, and perhaps may be said to have perished dolo, because
 
 P JEN ELOPE ULYSSI. 85 
 
 they lie hid to let him pass before attacking him (349 351), 
 and afterwards Ulysses seems to promise him his life (383). 
 But it is not without reason that the reading dolo has been 
 doubted. 
 
 40. hie... me 'the former,' 'the latter.' Sometimes reversed, 
 cf. 9, 24 ; sometimes expressed by ille ille, 3, 27. 
 
 41. nimlum nimiumque : repetition implying impassioned 
 earnestness. We may compare A. A. 2, 127 iterumque iterum- 
 que. Tib. 3, 6, 21 C&nvenit iratus nimium nimiumque sevens. Tr. 
 5, 6, 35 Elige nostrorum minimum minimumque laborum. Cf. 2, 
 129. 
 
 42. Thracia tangere castra 'to enter the Thracian 
 camp : ' referring still to the above-mentioned expedition of 
 Ulysses and Diomede. tangere 'to enter' is rather a favourite 
 expression of Ovid's. Cf. 6, 24. 12, 57. 13, 94. A. A. 3, 748 
 ut tangat portus fessa carina suos. Met. 6, 601 ut sensit 
 tetigisse domum Philomela nefandam. Trist. 3, 1, 71 nee me... 
 Atria libertas tangere passa sua est. 
 
 43. tot. According to Homer, Dicmede kills twelve men, 
 whom Ulysses draws out of the way as fast as they are killed, 
 and while Diomede is killing the thirteenth, Khesus, Ulysses is 
 securing his horses. 11. 10, 483 489. 
 
 uno. Diomede. 
 
 45. micuere sinus 'my breast palpitated with fear.' sinus 
 for pectora is rare ; cf. 2, 37, and 3, 132, if sinu is there right. 
 Micare is properly 'to move quickly,' 'to twinkle,' hence 'to 
 shine.' Ovid often uses it of the palpitation of fear, F. 3, 36 
 terreor admonitu corque timore micat. Ib. 331 corda micant 
 regis. So of the throbbing of the uncovered veins of Marsyas, 
 Met. 6, 389 trepidae sine ulla pelle micant venae. And of the 
 pricking up of the ears of a horse, micat auribus, Virg. G. 
 3, 84. 
 
 amicum agmen : i.e. the Greek host. 
 
 46. Ismariis : i.e.. the horses of the Thracian Khesus. 1s- 
 marus is a mountain and town of Thrace. Notice that it is the 
 constant habit of Eoman poets to use a name which properly 
 belongs to some mountain, river, or town for the whole country 
 in which they lie. Thus in the next Epistle Rhodopeia means 
 Thracian, from Mt Khodope. In Virg. G. 2, 30 Niphates a 
 river in Armenia stands for Armenia, or rather the Armenians. 
 Illustrations may be gathered from almost every Latin 
 poem. 
 
 47. vestris 'of you Greeks,' not 'of you, Ulysses;* which 
 would require tuis. Cf. 75.
 
 86 NOTES. I. 
 
 48. ' And that all is level ground which once was a city 
 wall." Atque solum quo Troja fuit, Aen. 10, 60. (Loers.) 
 
 50. virque carendus abest 'and I must for ever submit to 
 my husband's absence.' The ordinary construction is the 
 impersonal one, Tr. 1, 5, 83 mihi patria tellure carendum est. 
 Ter. Haut. 400 mihi tui carendum eral. Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26 
 sensu carendum esse. Cp. Ov. A. A. 3, 65 utendum est aetate tua. 
 But the passive use of the gerend of a verb governing the 
 ablative is not uncommon. See Plaut. Trin. 1159. Cic. de 
 Sen. 57 ad quern fruendum, and Att. 13, 39 ad patrem domo 
 sibi carendum. Plautus and Terence construct fruor and 
 fungor indifferently with ablative and accusative, and utendus 
 is used by Ovid (A. A. 1, 433) and Plautus (Pers. 1, 3, 38) as a 
 passive. Sofruendus in the spurious (?) Epist. 20, llSservetur 
 fades ista fruenda mihi. But id quod amo careo (Plaut. Cure. 
 1, 2, 46) is probably a case of attraction. Eoby, L. G. vol. 2. 
 p. Ixxvii. 
 
 dempto fine 'for ever,' cf. Tr. 3, 11, 2 meque reum dempto 
 fine cruentus agas. 
 
 52. 'Which the conqueror, turned settler, ploughs with the 
 oxen he has taken from the conquered foe. ' We do not hear of 
 any of the Greeks colonising the Troad ; but it was the frequent 
 habit of the Eomans to do so in the case of conquered countries. 
 
 53 4. seges 'a cornfield.' resecandaque <fcc. : 'and the 
 soil fattened with Trojan blood and calling for the sickle over- 
 flows with its harvest.' luxuriat may be applied either to the 
 soil, as here, or to the crop, as in A . A. 1, 360 iit seges in pingui 
 luxuriabit humo. 
 
 57. victor abes. ' Though a conqueror you return not.' 
 
 58. quo orbe 'in what part of the world." So in Trist. 
 3, 1, 26 tonginquo referam lassus ab orbe pedem. Infr. 13, 151 
 diverso miles in orbe. 
 
 63 4. Pylon... misimus 'I have sent to Pylos and to old 
 Nestor's land, the land of Neleus.' Neleus was father to 
 Nestor. This refers again to Telemachus' expedition, as do 
 the next two lines ; which we have already said (vid. v. 37) was 
 not made under Penelope's direction. 
 
 antiqui Nestoris : antiquus for vetus can only be justified on 
 the ground that Nestor having outlived three generations of 
 men (It. 1, 250) might be regarded not only as old, but as a 
 man of a past age. (Loers.) 
 
 65. Sparte is the Greek form. Ovid seeuis to use it 
 invariably and not Sparta. Yirg. Aen. 2, 577 has Spartam.
 
 PENELOPE ULYSSI. 87 
 
 66. lentus, see on 1. 
 
 67. moenia Phoebi : i. e. the walls of Troy built by Apollo 
 and Neptune for Laomedon; cf. 5, 139. 
 
 69 70. ' If my prayers had not been answered, and Troy had 
 not fallen, I at least should have known where you were fighting, 
 and should have had nothing worse than war to fear, and 
 rny complaint would have been uttered in common with many 
 others. ' 
 
 For the tenses cf. 7 10. 
 
 71. demens 'distraught with grief.' 
 
 72. in 'for.' Gf. 2, 44. 5, 58. area 'field,' a word which 
 Ovid is fond of using both in simple and metaphorical sense; 
 Tr. 4, 3, 84 et patet in laudes area lata tuas. Am. 3, 1, 26 
 Haec animo, dices, area facta rneo est. It seems to be derived 
 from the idea of an open space suited for a battle : Am. 3, 15 
 Corniger increpuit thyrso graviore Lyaeus : pulsanda est magnis 
 area major equis. Cf. F. 5, 707 Liber ab arboribus locus est, 
 apta area pugnae. It is properly any open space in a town. 
 Vid. Eich. 
 
 75. quae vestra libido est ' such is the incontinence of you 
 men.' The plural vestra is used because she is speaking not only 
 of Ulysses but of men generally, vid. 47. 
 
 quae est 'such is, &c.' Cf. ex P. 1, 7, 59 quaeque tua 
 est pietas...jus aliquod tecum fratris amicus habet. Ex P. 2, 2, 
 21 quaeque tua est pietas...te laedi, cum quis laeditur inde, 
 putas. 
 
 77 8. forsitan : generally with subjunctive. See index. 
 
 rustica 'homely,' with none of the accomplishments of 
 a town-bred woman. It is opposed to procax in Am. 2, 4, 13. 
 Ovid seems to use it elsewhere to mean 'prudish,' Rem. 329 Et 
 poterit did petulans quae rustica non est ; ct poterit did rustica 
 si qua proba est. 
 
 quae tantum, . . .sinat 'whose only accomplishment is to dress 
 her rough wools.' Eudes lanae seems to mean wool in its rough 
 state before it is spun. A. A. 2, 219 Inter loniacas calathum 
 tenuisse puellas Creditur, et lanas excoluisse rudes. But there 
 is also perhaps allusion to the meaning of rustica. 
 
 80. 'And may it not be the case that though free to return, 
 you choose to remain away ! ' revertendi liber ' free in regard 
 to returning.' Cf. 5, 147 utilis medendi, ib. 150 prudens artis. 
 F. 3, 383 Mamurius morum fabraene exactior artis ? Tr. 1, 3, 7 
 mens apta parandi. See my note on Ter. Haut. 727. Munro 
 on Lucr. 1, 137. Roby 1321.
 
 88 NOTES. I. 
 
 81. Icarius, father of Penelope, is mentioned in Odyss. 
 1, 329 and elsewhere. Her mother Periboea is only mentioned 
 in later writers ; while according to other traditions she was not 
 Periboea but Polycaste. 
 
 82. coglt 'tries to compel me.' 
 
 83. licet admits the infin. or subj. with or without ut. Cf. 
 3, 81. oportet admits the infinitive, or subjunctive without ut. 
 
 86. vires temperat ipse suas 'and refrains even he 
 from putting all the pressure on me that he might,' i. e. if he 
 used his parental authority. She is referring to cogit in 82, and 
 ipse is emphatic and has almost the sense of ultra, 'not only I 
 resist, but he too sees himself the necessity of refraining.' 
 
 87 9. Ovid follows the Odyssey in these names and in the 
 substance of the complaint. 
 
 6Woi yap vr/ffoiffiv fwiKpaTtovcuv dpiiTTOi 
 AouXtx^ re Sdynfl re Kal uXiJeprt 'La.KvvBq, 
 roffcroi HTjrtp turjv /AVUVTCU, rpv-^ovin S nlKov. 
 
 TOL 5 (pdi.i'v&ova'iv jfSorrts 
 
 otxov t/jLov ' ra^a ST} fj.e BiappaLffovcri Kal avrov. 
 
 Odyss. 16, 121. 
 
 90. viscera nostra &c. 'your goods, our very vitals, are 
 torn to pieces and devoured as" by beasts of prey.' The word 
 dilacerantur is used as suiting viscera in apposition to opes. 
 Cf. Tr. 1, 7, 20 libellos Imposui rapidis viscera nostra rogis. 
 The fact that Ovid never elsewhere uses viscera for 'heart,' is a 
 strong if not conclusive argument against Palmer's translation, 
 ' My heart is rent, your wealth is squandered.' I do not think 
 that any instance is to be found in other writers either of viscera 
 used for heart ; whereas there is an exactly parallel use of it, 
 for 'means,' 'substance,' in Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 7 de visceribus 
 tuis. 
 
 91 2. Pisander and Polybus are named in Odyss. 22, 243. 
 
 Medonta is a mistake for ' A/j.^i^dovra, Od. 22, 242. 
 
 The name M^Swv occurs elsewhere in the Odyssey, but not as 
 one of the suitors : another instance of the laxity with which 
 Ovid uses his authority. 
 
 Eurymacluis, one of the suitors slain by Ulysses, Odyss. 
 22, 81. 
 
 Antinous, the first of the suitors slain, Od. 22, 15, s<j. 
 
 93. turpiter 'to your dishonour,' to be joined with absens. 
 It does not imply anything criminal on the part of Ulysses, but 
 indicates the result of his absence, whether voluntary or not, as
 
 PENELOPE ULYSSI. 89 
 
 bringing shame to him. It may be compared with such uses of 
 male as that in 7, 54 quam male credit ' with what ill results do 
 you trust.' 
 
 94. partis tuo s. 'obtained by your blood,' i.e. in war and 
 danger. Cf. Tr. 4, 4, 59 sunt circa gentes quae praedam 
 sanguine quaerunt. (Loers.) 
 
 95. Irus egens, "Ipos 01X77x771 Od. 18, 25. The description 
 of him at the beginning of the 18th Odyss. will best illustrate 
 what Ovid is thinking of. 
 
 rj\0e 8' $Trl TTTW^OS ira.v8ri/J.ios, os Kara dffrv 
 irTUXfvecnc' 'ItfaKrjs, yiterd 6' tTrpeire yatrrtpi jiapyr) 
 dfrxfS <t>aytfj.v KCU trie^ev. 
 
 MelantWus, the goatherd of Ulysses. Od. 17, 247. 
 
 96. ultimus pudor ' add the finishing stroke of dishonour 
 to your losses.' Pudor is in apposition to Irus and Melanthius. 
 
 accedere in occurs in Fast. 3, 164 in lustrum accedere debet 
 una dies. But in tua danma also indicates the end arrived at, 
 cf. 4, 16. 5, 58. For the sense of ultimus cf. 12, 50 ultimut 
 labor. 
 
 99100. The plot of the suitors to kill Telemachus is 
 described in Odyss. 15 and 16. It takes place on his return, when 
 he has already been recognised by his father, who has also 
 returned. This, if Ovid cared to be consistent, dates the letter 
 on the very eve of Ulysses' restoration; in which case Tele- 
 machus ought certainly not to be called puer. But the poet is 
 not much concerned as to consistency. 
 
 per insidias ' by treachery, ' cf . per f acinus 12, 6 ; per 
 jurgia Tr. 5, 11, 1 ; places raras dotata per artes Am. 2, 
 4,17. 
 
 invitis omnibus seems to refer to the dislike of the suitors to 
 Telemachus' expedition, Odyss. 2, 303 sq. 
 
 101. ordine 'in their due order,' i.e. the elder dying before 
 the younger. Loers aptly quotes Tacitus Ann. 16, 11 serva- 
 vitque ordinem fortuna, ac seniores prius, turn cui prima aetas 
 exstinguuntur. 
 
 103 4. nine faciunt 'the neatherd (Philaetius) and the 
 old nurse (Euryclea) and thirdly the faithful keeper of the stye 
 (Eumaeus) all act on this side,' f. e. they all faithfully protect 
 your son and preserve your estate against the suitors. For 
 faciunt cf. 2, 39. Palmer gives a similar explanation, in 
 preference to the old reading hoc faciunt which was interpreted 
 as = hoc precantur.
 
 90 NOTES. I. 
 
 cura for curator; cf. mora = id quod moratur Am. 2, 11, 15 ; 
 C07ist7iwm=adviser F. 3, 274; Cui deus, 'en adsum tibi cura 
 fidelior,' inguit, A. A. 1, 555, though cura may there mean 
 lover.' 
 
 tertius is only equivalent to another conjunction, cf. Tr. 
 2, 1, 53 Per mare per terras per tertia numina juro, and is 
 masculine because cura stands for Emmaeus. 
 
 108. erat for esset. Cf. 112. 11, 56. 'His is now just the 
 age that should have had a father's protection,' Liv. 37, 36 Ad 
 Hellespontum obsistendum erat... si pacem petituri eratis, and 
 other examples in Koby 1533. It is more particularly frequent 
 with the gerundive [16, 152 tarn bona constanter preda tenenda 
 fuit] and the future participle, Tr. 1, 6, 14 in mea venturus, si 
 paterere, fuit, 1, 7, 40 emendaturus, si licuisset, eram. 
 
 109. vires -pellere 'strength to repel.' Pellere is equivalent 
 to pellendi or ad pellendum. Cf. vires currendi, Am. 4, 6, 70 ; 
 vires dictandi, Tr. 3, 3, 86. 
 
 110. ara 'an altar of refuge;' Tr. 4, 5, 2 Unica fortunis ara 
 reperta meis, an intelligible metaphor, which aura, the reading 
 of many MSS., is not; although rather naturally suggested by 
 the close neighbourhood of portus. 
 
 112. 'Who ought to have been trained when young to 
 imitate his father's character.' Elsewhere Ovid uses erudio 
 differently. M. 8, 215 damnosas erudit artes. F. 3, 294 Atque 
 ita qua possint erudit arte capi. Ib. 820 erudit percurrere. 
 artes are qualities acquired, hence, taken together, they repre- 
 sent what we call ' character.' F. 2, 508 et patrias artes mili- 
 tiamque colant. Virg. G. 3, 101 speaks of the artes of a horse. 
 
 114. extremum fati sustlnet diem ' prolongs his last hours 
 and will not end them,' cf. 3, 142. One of those pregnant ex- 
 pressions in which Ovid delights. The notion seems to be that 
 Laertes has reached his destined day of death, and yet prolongs 
 it in order to live long enough to let Ulysses close his eyes. 
 The various passages quoted in illustration seem not parallel ; 
 for in each sustinet governs some word such as animam, 
 spiritus, &c., which does not require any pregnant sense to be 
 attached to sustinere. The nearest is Livy 2, 65, rem sustinendo 
 'by keeping the business going.' 
 
 116. ut 'even though,' cf. 2, 137. 3, 134. 6, 108. 7, 15, 
 21, 55, 147. 10, 65. From which instances it will be seen that 
 this use of ut, not uncommon in other writers, is a peculiarly 
 favourite one with Ovid.
 
 n. 
 
 PHYLLIS DEMOPHOONTI. 
 
 PHYLLIS queen of Thrace, daughter of Sithon, received 
 Demophoon son of Theseus on his way home from the Trojan 
 war. They became enamoured and Demophoon promised her 
 marriage. After some time Demophoon set sail to Athens, 
 promising to return in a month; but three months had passed 
 and the fourth was drawing to a close, and yet he had not 
 returned. Phyllis writes this letter, reproaching him with his 
 ingratitude and his perfidy, reminding him of his vows of 
 affection, her own services and favours, and expressing her 
 despair and determination to die. 
 
 [The story is completed by Servius. Phyllis hanged herself, 
 and over her tomb a tree grew which at a particular season of 
 the year grew wet as with tears. Another tradition was that 
 Phyllis was changed by the Gods into an almond tree, and 
 that Demophoon landing in Thrace soon afterwards, and 
 embracing the tree then bare of leaves, it suddenly shot forth 
 its blossoms. A pretty fable founded on the fact of the almond 
 tree blossoming before its leaves come on.] 
 
 'Phyllida Demophoon praesens moderatius ussit: 
 Exarsit velis acrius ilia datis.' 
 
 A. A. 2, 352. 
 
 1. Rhodopeia: i.e. Thracian, see on 1, 45. 
 
 3. cornua...coissent 'had met to form the full moon,' cf. 
 M. 2, 344 Luna quater junctis implerat cornibus orbem, ib. 7, 79 
 Tres aberant noctes ut cornua tota coirent efficerentque orbem, 
 ib. 529 junctis implevit cornibus orbem Luna. 
 
 4. 'Your anchor was due by promise to my shores.' pacta 
 is from pango, vid. index. According to one account which 
 Ovid follows in Eem. 591 607 Phyllis hangs herself on the 
 day appointed for Demophoon's return after waiting in vain for 
 him. But he has chosen to vary the story here, to give more 
 vraisemblance to the Epistle. 
 
 6. Actaeas : i.e. Athenian. Attica is called Actaea from axr?) 
 a shore. M. 1, 313 Separat Aonios Actaeis Phocis ab amis, 
 and often elsewhere in Ovid. 
 
 Sithonis 'Thracian.' From Sithon father of Phyllis. So 
 in Ep. 11, 13 Sithoniu* Aquilo. Sithonia is properly a district 
 in Thrace, the middle one of the three Chalcidian peninsulas.
 
 92 NOTES. II. 
 
 9 10. Hope too was long-enduring. Slowly do we 
 believe what pains us when believed. But now even in spite of 
 lover's incredulity they reach her heart. 
 
 lentua passes from the sense of 'flaccid,' 'immoveable' to a 
 better one of 'enduring,' 'persistent.' Vid. on 1, 1. 
 
 invita et amante ' though as a lover she is unwilling to be- 
 lieve these things, yet they pain her,' i.e. because she believes in 
 spite of herself. The sense is not very clear, and the reading 
 doubtful. But I cannot think that either Palmer or Merkel 
 has improved it. 
 
 12. 'I often thought when the south wind blew up for a 
 storm that it was wafting back your white sails.' The south 
 wind would set shoreward, and be peculiarly the harbinger of 
 storms, as in the Adriatic. Of. Arbiter Hadriae Hor. 0. 1, 3, 15. 
 She was mendax to herself, even so far as to think he would 
 come in a storm. 
 
 13. Thesea devovl 'I cursed Theseus.' Lit. 'devoted to 
 the infernal gods.' There does not seem any allusion to 
 magical arts here, though the word is used in that sense also. 
 Vid. 6, 91. For the sense of 'curse,' cf. ex P. 2, 9, 41 Quis non 
 Antiphaten Lestrygona devovet? A. A. 3, 241 devovetut tangit 
 dominae caput. quia nollet 'because (as I thought) he would 
 not.' 
 
 14. nee 'and yet after all perhaps he did not detain you.' 
 Cf. 8, 60. 
 
 10 14. When it is stormy she at one time curses Theseus 
 for detaining him ; at another, fears that he has set out but has 
 been shipwrecked. 15 20. When the weather is favourable she 
 thinks that only ill-health could be detaining him, and beseeches 
 the gods in his favour. 
 
 15. dum vada tendis ad Hebri 'while on your way to 
 Thrace.' The Hebrus rises in Mt Haemus, and flows into the 
 Aegean, and is here put poetically for Thrace generally. Vid. 
 1,46. 
 
 16. cana: i.e. 'stormy,' cf. 3, 65. 5, 54 (Loers). 
 
 17 20. ' Often in suppliant terms I earnestly besought the 
 gods with prayer at their altars of incense, that you, oh base 
 one, might be well ; often when I saw the sky and sea unruffled 
 by the winds, I said to my own heart, "If he is well he will 
 come." ' 
 
 18. devenerata for devenerata sum : as 7, 59 laesus for laesus 
 fuerit. 9, 160 insidiata for insidiata esse. De- is intensive as 
 in deperire, demerear, see index. Koby 1918.
 
 PHYLLTS DEMOPHOONTJ. 93 
 
 turicremis: A. A. 3, 393 Visile turicremas vaccac Memphi- 
 tidos aras. 
 
 19. caelo pelagoque I regard as datives after faventes. 
 ' The winds favouring the sky and sea ' seems to mean that 
 they leave the sky and sea in their natural and unruffled state. 
 
 20. venit 'he will come.' The present is used idiomatically 
 to represent a future that is certain, a use particularly common 
 in colloquial Latin, see Terence Haut. 804 ecfero, 'I will bring 
 it out directly,' cf. ib. 872, 931. And our own idiom, e.g. in 
 N. T. 'The first said, I go, Sir, and went not.' 
 
 22. 'And I was ingenious at finding reasons for your 
 absence/ ingeniosa ad causas reperiendas. Cf. F. 4, 684 ad 
 segetes ingeniosus ager. M. 11, 313 Nascitur Autolycus furtum 
 ingeniosus ad omne, cf. 6, 117. Ibis 186 Aeacus in poenas 
 ingeniosus erat. 
 
 23. lentus, cf. 1, 1. lurata numina 'all your oaths by 
 
 the gods,' cf. A. 3, 11, 22 quid referam et perjuratos in mea 
 
 damna deos. Met. 2, 46 Disjuranda palus. Else where juratus 
 is applied to the person bound by the oath, ' sworn.' 
 
 25. 'Oh Demophoon, you gave your promises to the winds 
 to which you spread your sails.' Cf. 7, 8 Atque idem venti vela 
 fidemque ferentf R. 286 Irrita cum veils verba tulere noti. 
 M. 8, 134 an inania venti Verba ferunt idemque tuas, ingrate, 
 carinas ? The idea of scattering words and promises to the 
 winds is common to the Poets, e.g. Prop. 3, 24, 8 quidquid 
 jurarunt ventus et unda rapit. Tib. 1, 4, 21 Veneris perjuria 
 venti irrita per terras et freta summa ferunt. 
 
 28. crlmine = amore, cf. 4, 25. demeruisse 'to have 
 thoroughly deserved you,' cf. on 18. 
 
 30. 'But this wrong-doing has (or ought to have with you) 
 all the weight and semblance of a virtue.' 
 
 instar as a substantive, cf. Art. A. 3, 490 Sed tamen Aetnaei 
 fulminis instar habet. 
 
 31. lura, i.e. jura lecti, cf. 9, 159. 
 
 32. plurimus in ore 'ever on your lips.' Cf. M. 11, 562 
 sed plurima nautis in ore Halcyone conjux. Tr. 4, 10, 128 in 
 toto plurimus orbe legor. Am. 1, 15, 18 multus legar. In a 
 different sense, vid. 4, 167. 
 
 33. socios In annos 'to last for years of wedlock.' In 
 with words expressing time expresses extension up to a limit. 
 For socios, cf. sociae leges, 4, 62; socios deos, 5, 126. Hy- 
 menaeus (1) the god of marriage, (2) the marriage hymn. Here 
 used for 'marriage.'
 
 94 NOTES. IT. 
 
 34. 'Which was my only surety, my only pledge of 
 marriage.' Eeferring to the spomalia, or betrothal, in which a 
 woman's father or legal guardian would contract her to the man. 
 If for any cause the marriage then arranged did not take place, 
 there might be a legal investigation, and damages assessed 
 against the intending bridegroom or the guardian according as 
 the judex decided that the fault lay with the one or the other 
 (vid. Aul. Gell. 4, 4). Accordingly no doubt some security was 
 given by both parties. Phyllis seems to mean that the only 
 security given in her case was Demophoon's promise. One of 
 the many legal allusions in this book. Cf. on 8, 16. 
 
 35 44. ' You swore by every god, by everything most sacred. 
 So many oaths have been broken by you that your single 
 punishment could hardly make satisfaction for them all.' 
 
 37 8. tuum...avura, i.e. Neptune. Theseus was the son 
 of Aegeus, but was reputed to be the son of Neptune. Phyllis 
 therefore is made to express the common doubt as to the 
 pedigree of Demophoon. mulcet: cf. M. 1, 331 positoque 
 tricuspide telo Mulcet aquas rector pelagi. 
 
 39. 'By Venus' and by Cupid's weapons which are too 
 powerful with me.' facer e 'to do anything to a person' may be 
 followed by the dative, by the ablative with de, by the simple 
 ablative. Cf. Ter. Haut. 317 quid facias illo? Ov. Am. 1, 10, 
 8 et quidquid magno de Jove fecit amor. For facere used with 
 dative, Heinsius quotes Prop. 3, 1, 20 non faciet capiti dura 
 corona meo. Cp. Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 17. 
 
 40. altera tela, &c. : Cupid is represented with bow and 
 arrows and a torch. For the repetition of the word, characteris- 
 tic of Ovid, cf. 2, 62. 3, 810, 140. 4, 144. 5, 8, 120. 
 8, 80. 9, 146152, 158, 164. 13, 166. 
 
 41. 'And by Juno, who is the kindly guardian of the 
 marriage couch,' cf. 12, 87 Conscia sit Juno sacris praeftcta 
 maritis; ex P. 3, 1, 73 exigit hoc socialis amor foedutque 
 maritum. 
 
 42. et per taedlferae, &c. : i.e. by Ceres, referring to the 
 torch-light processions in the Eleusinian mysteries. Cf. F. 3, 
 786 taedifera dea. The custom is fabled to have originated in 
 Ceres' search for Proserpine, F. 4, 494 Illic accendit geminas pro 
 lampade pinus ; Hinc Cereris sacris mine quoque taeda datur. 
 
 44. in poenas 'to pay the penalties,' cf. 1, 72. Ibis 160 
 et brevior poena vitafutura tua est.
 
 PHYLLIS DEMOPHOONTI. 95 
 
 45. at 'nay more, in my mad folly I also repaired your 
 shattered ships. ' Ex P. 2, 3, 28 in mediis lacera nave relinquor 
 aquis. Tr. 5, 7, 35 Euboicis lacerata estfluctibus...puppis. 
 
 47. remiglum 'oars.' Virg. Aen. 8. 80 remigioque aptat. 
 Though in Aen. 3, 470, remigium supplet, he seems to mean 
 'rowers.' And this meaning Heinsius would give here. 
 
 48. Cf. Am. 2, 19, 34 ei mihi, ne monitis torquear ipse 
 meis. 
 
 49. copla, sc. est, cf. 3, 48. 
 
 50. 'I believed in your profession of a divine pedigree,' cf. 
 37. generi numinibusque : an hendiadys for generis numinibus. 
 Pahner reads nominibus, which would make very good sense, 
 but I prefer to abide by the MSS. 
 
 53. dis quoque 'I believed too hi your oaths,' lit. in the 
 gods by whom you swore, cf. 35 42. 
 
 quo lam tot pignora nobis 'what use, pray, were all 
 those pledges?' pignora is accusative. Cf. A. 2, 19, 7 Quo 
 mihi fortunam, quae nunquam fallere curetl ib. 3, 4, 41 quo 
 t ibi formosam, si non nisi casta placebat? Hor. Epist. 1, 5,12 
 Quo mihi fortunam, si non conceditur uti ? 
 
 54. parte qualibet Inde 'by any fraction of them you 
 pleased.' inde=pignorum or e pignoribus. Cf. Mart. 1, 43, 9 
 Nudus aper...et nihil inde datur. ib. 9, 59, 7 inde satur. 
 Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 21 natijilii duo, inde majorem adoptavi. 
 
 55. 'I am not distressed at having assisted you with 
 harbourage and lodging,' cf. 6, 55. locus, 'a place to remain 
 in,' Tr. 4, 2, 58 erepti nobis jus habet ilia loci. 
 
 56. merit! ' of my services,' cf. 30. 
 
 57. cumulasse hospitium 'it repents me that to my shame 
 I completed my hospitality by wedding you.' For cumulasse, 
 cf. 9, 20. It gives an idea of something supererogatory. 
 
 58. Cf. Tib. 1, 8, 20 tedfemori comeruisse femur. 
 
 62. aequa 'justifiable,' 'just.' Met. 7, 174 nee tu petis 
 aequa. For repetition of venit, cf. 5, 8 quae venit indigne poena 
 dolenda venit, and note on sup. 40. The adjective is nearly 
 equivalent to as adverb, cf. A. 2, 10, 4 duos uno tempore turpis 
 amo. 
 
 63 4. non est operosa gloria ''tis a cheaply earned 
 reputation.' Operosus = (1) 'industrious' (of persons), A. 2, 10, 5 
 operosae cultibus ambae, (2) the cause or material of industry, 
 A. A.I, 695 Reice succinctos operoso stamine fusos, hence, 'made 
 with much labour,' Met. 1, 258 mundi moles operosa, (3) ' diffi- 
 cult,' 'troublesome,' ex P. 4, 10, 81 ret non operosa volenti.
 
 96 NOTES. II. 
 
 favore 'respect,' 'consideration.' Tr. 5, 3, 53 vestrum merui 
 candore favorem. 
 
 65 66. 'I was deceived by your words, as was natural both 
 in a woman and a lover; God grant that you may earn no 
 better fame than this;' i.e. of having deceived a trusting 
 woman, which after all is a disgrace. For summa ' utmost extent ' 
 cf. sup. 56. 14, 80. And for another meaning of it 7, 12. 
 
 67 74. 'At Athens you should have a statue put up with 
 an inscription detailing all the mighty deeds of your father 
 Theseus, and concluding with a verse describing your own 
 famous achievement, "This is he by whose treachery a woman 
 who entertained and loved him was betrayed." ' 
 
 inter Aegidas : among the statues of others of your family, 
 the descendants of Aegeus, father of Theseus, who is called 
 Aegides in 4, 59. 
 
 68. tttulis in its proper sense of 'inscription.' 
 
 69. Sciron lectus 'when the destruction of Sciron has been 
 read of in the inscription.' A pregnant use of legor, see on 
 3, 13. Sciron, a robber infesting Megara, slain by Theseus. 
 
 Procrustes, son of Neptune, who put all his captives on his 
 bed, stretching out those who were too short, and cutting off 
 the legs of those too long for it ; he was killed by Theseus. 
 
 70. Sinis, called irirvoKd/jiirTris 'the pine-bender.' He lived 
 on the Isthmus of Corinth, and used to bend down two pines 
 and fasten a leg of a captive to each tree; the pines springing 
 up rent the body in twain. Killed by Theseus. 
 
 tauri viri, t. e. the Minotaur slain by Theseus. 
 
 71. domitae Thebae ' the conquest of Thebes,' in a war a- 
 gainst Creon king of Thebes for refusing burial to the Argives. 
 The subject of Euripides' i/ceT/5es. 
 
 bimembres 'the Centaurs,' conquered by Theseus at the 
 marriage of Pirithous. 
 
 72. pulsata nigri regia dei ' knocked at : ' referring to 
 Theseus' descent to Hades to carry off Proserpine for Pirithous 
 (amatorem Pirithoum Hor. Od. 3, 4, 80). 
 
 The same feats of Theseus are detailed in Met. 7, 436, 
 
 tellus Epidauria per te 
 
 Clavigeram vidit Vulcani occumbere prolem : 
 Vidit et inmitem Cephesias ora Procrusten: 
 Cercyonis letum vidit Cerealis Eleusin.
 
 PHYLLIS DEMOPHOONTI. 97 
 
 Occidit ille Sinis, magnis male viribus utus; 
 Qui poterat curvare trabes, et agebat ab alto 
 Ad terram late sparsuras corpora pinus. 
 Tutus ad Alcathoen Lelegeia moenia limes 
 Composite Scirone patet... 
 
 ...scopulis nom,en Scironis inhaeret. 
 
 72. 'And the dark palace of the gloomy god at whose 
 doors he knocked.' Cf. M. 5, 448 parvas fores pulsavit. 
 
 75 6. 'Although your father performed so many heroic 
 actions, the only one you have taken to heart and imitated is 
 his abandonment of Ariadne.' sedit 'deeply impressed itself,' 
 cf. Rem. 108, 268 pectore sedit amor. Cressa, i.e. Ariadne, 
 abandoned by Theseus in Naxos. 
 
 77. excusat 'has reason to find excuses for,' 'is ashamed 
 of.' Statius (Silv. 4, 6, 70) seems to have imitated this use, 
 Magnoque ex agmine laudum Fertur Thebanos tantum excusasse 
 triumphos. 
 
 78. ' Oh false one, you act the part of heir to your father's 
 treachery.' 
 
 agere heredem : agere partes occurs several times in Ovid, 
 e. g. infr. 8, 41. But the accusative of the person played is not 
 so common, A. A. 1, 611 est tibi agendus amans imitandaque 
 vulnera verbis ; it belongs to the Comic writers, e.g. Ter. 
 Haut. 39 40 Ne sycophanta impudens avarus leno assidue sint 
 agendi mild. 
 
 79. Ilia : sc. Ariadne, who wedded Bacchus after her deser- 
 tion by Theseus. 
 
 80. 'And sits aloft on the chariot drawn by harnessed 
 tigers. ' tigribus is put for chariot and tigers, as equi stands 
 for chariot and horses, Virg. G. 3, 358 invectus equis. 
 
 capistratis : the capistrum is a halter or head- stall. Vid. 
 Eich. M. 10, 125 frenabas ora capistris. In Virg. G. 3, 399 
 capistra are nose-pieces with spikes put on young animals to 
 prevent their sucking their dams. In the Vatican bas-relief of 
 Ariadne and Bacchus they appear to be collars of vine-branches. 
 
 82. quod ferar: the subj. because the rumour is alleged by 
 the Thraces as their reason. Cf. 9, 27. 
 
 83 5. ' Let her follow her husband to Athens, that land of 
 learning, we can get another to be king of Thrace. The result 
 will show the wisdom of her choice. ' Spoken in bitter irony. 
 
 O. 7
 
 98 NOTES. II. 
 
 The speaker means she will find that it would have been wiser 
 to have wedded one of her own country. Ovid in making 
 the Thracian speak ironically of Athens as doctae is thinking 
 of Athens as it came to be in historical times. Prop. 4, 21, 1 
 ad doctus profaisci cogor Athenas. jam nunc is used in im- 
 patient irony, like i nunc. See on 3, 26. 
 
 84. armigeram...erit 'someone else will be found to be 
 king of warlike Thrace.' regat the subj. after the limiting or 
 defining relative. 
 
 exltus acta probat seems a kind of proverb like eventus 
 stultorum magister Livy 22, 39. 
 
 86. notanda'to be branded.' ab eventu 'in accordance 
 with their result. ' 
 
 87 8. ' Why, if you were to appear in our waters again, 
 the very men who cry out upon my folly would say I had acted 
 wisely for myself and my people.' 
 
 The argument is : 'I know I ran a risk in trusting to 
 your honour, but these people are not entitled to charge me 
 with folly, for if you proved true and all turned out well 
 they would declare that I had shown a prudent boldness." 
 
 89. nee te mea regia tanget ' nor will my palace attract 
 you again.' Cp. 5, 81, and see Index. 
 
 The connection of the couplet with the preceding is this. 
 These men have no right to charge me with folly, for if you did 
 return they would say I had been wise ; but in point of fact 
 I have not been wise, for you will not return. 
 
 90. Bistonia : Thracian. The Thracians are called Bistones 
 from a town and district said to have been founded by Biston, 
 son of Mars. There was also a lake Bistonis near Abdera. 
 
 fessa 'tired with your voyage from Athens.' fessaque 
 'nor will you wash your tired limbs': for que following 
 negative, cf. 7, 82. 
 
 91 98. 'Ever before my eyes is the scene of our parting : 
 your embraces, your tears, your lamentations that the winds 
 were favourable for your voyage, your entreaties that I should 
 await with confidence your return.' 
 
 99 100. ' But how can I feel any confidence in your return?
 
 PHYLLIS DEMOPHOONTI. 99 
 
 You meant when you went never to come back. You lied to 
 me when you said the weather was favourable for your depar- 
 ture.' 
 
 91. oculis innaeret: Tr. 4, 3, 19 Vultibus ilia tuis 
 tanquam praesentibus haeret. 1, 6, 3 pectoribus tu nostris, uxor, 
 inhaeres. 
 
 92. premeret portus 'when your fleet on the point of 
 starting was riding in my harbour.' Premerent portus seems 
 to be a condensed expression for in portu premerent terram vel 
 litus 'in harbour and close to shore.' Cf. Met. 14, 416 presserat 
 occiduus Tartesia litora Phoebus 'was close upon." 
 
 94. per longas moras : cf. on 1, 99. 'And to join your lips 
 to mine with lingering pressure. ' 
 
 98. face for fac is the more usual form in Plautus, but is 
 rare in later Latin. For the construction of facer e with subj. 
 without ut cf. supr. 66. 13, 92, 144. 
 
 100. expectem : subj. used in rhetorical questions, or, 
 questions implying a negation. Zumpt, 530. See index. 
 
 101 2. 'Yet in spite of its futility I do expect you. Return 
 however Lite. Let your pledged word be only forfeited so far 
 as the date of your coming is concerned,' i.e. you promised to 
 come within a month, that pledge is broken, but you can still 
 keep your promise of return, though not at the time named. 
 
 modo is to be taken with redeas. lapsa sit is used as 
 a word suitable to the gliding by of tune, foi fides really means 
 the promise to return at a certain time. F. 6, 771 tempora 
 labuntur. 
 
 105. utque . . . excidimus 'and since I have fallen from 
 your remembrance,' 'been forgotten.' Loers quotes Horn. II. 
 23, 595 K OV/J.QV veaeiv. Cf. also infr. 12, 71. Tr. 4, 5, 10 excidit 
 heu nomen quam mihi paene tuum. Tib. 3, 1, 20 an toto pectore 
 deciderim. 
 
 nullam ..Phyllida 'no such person as Phyllis.' 
 
 107. 'I am she, Demophoon, who when you had been 
 drifting in long wandering ways gave you a Thracian harbour 
 and entertainment.' 
 
 109 110. 'You whose scanty means mine augmented, 
 you to whom in your poverty I in my wealth gave many 
 a boon and would have given many more.' 
 
 72
 
 100 NOTES. II. 
 
 The relative passes irregularly to refer to Demophoon: a 
 transition caused by the impassioned nature of the address as 
 Palmer says. In the next line it goes back again to Phyllis. 
 
 111. Lycurgus, son of Dryas, a king of Thrace and persecu- 
 tor of the followers of Bacchus, and slain by that god, Thracis 
 et exitium Lycurgi Hor. 0. 2, 19, 16. 
 
 112. 'A kingdom scarcely fit to be ruled by a woman, 
 apta regi : cf. ferre apta 9, 116. nomine femineo a femind. 
 So nomen Romanum, Latinum, Aeolium for Romani, Latini, 
 Aeolii. For the ablat. of agent without preposition, see index. 
 
 113 114. i. e. all Thrace. Thrace corresponds nearly to 
 the modern Boumelia. Haemus is the Balkan range on 
 the North separating Thracia from Scythia. Rhodope is a 
 branch of the same range, hence fabled to be daughter of 
 Haemus, and extending to the S.E. (mod. Despoto Dagh). 
 The Hebrus (mod. Maritza) rises in the Haeinus range and falls 
 into the Aegean Sea, near Aenus (Enos). It is called sacer from 
 the Bacchic orgies celebrated near it. In F. 3, 737 he calls 
 it arenosus. It is a swift river, volucer Hebrus Virg. Aen. 
 1, 317. 
 
 adrnissas 'at full speed,' a metaphor from driving horses, 
 cf. 1, 36. 
 
 115. cul 'You, Demophoou, for whom my maiden state 
 was first resigned.' From its sense of 'offering firstfruits' 
 libata here signifies the first marriage of a maiden. Cf. 4, 27. 
 
 avlbus sinistris: the omens were taken at a marriage, 
 the auspex attending for the purpose. Juv. 10, 336 veniet cum 
 signatoribus auspex. M. 6, 433 Hac ave conjuncti Progne 
 Tereusque. Birds on the left hand were an evil omen, but 
 lightning on the left a good omen, tonitrus sinistri, Tr. 1, 
 9, 49. There seem however to have been wide differences 
 among experts on the subject. Cic. de Div. 2, 39. 
 
 116. reclncta ' unfastened.' A bride's dress was fastened 
 round the waist by a woollen girdle cingulum, the untying 
 of which was a part of the solemn ceremony. Loers quotes 
 Odyss. 11, 244 XCtre 8t ira.p6evli)v $uvt\v. Cp. Eur. Ale. 117. 
 
 117. pronuba ' Tisiphone the Fury presided at our mar- 
 riage,' i.e. instead of Juno ; cf. 6, 43. Pronuba also means 
 the matron who conducted the bride to the thalamus. Eamsay 
 p. 424. 
 
 118. devla avis the screech-owl, a bird of ill-omen. M. 10, 
 453 ter omen Funereus bubo letali carmine fecit. Devia 'lonely,'
 
 PHYLLIS DEMOPHOONTI. 101 
 
 shunning the haunts of men in the daytime. Ex P. 3, 1, 27 
 regio db omni devia cursu. 
 
 119. Allecto 'the Fury with her collar of short adders.' 
 Hor. Epod. 5, 15 Canidia brevibus implicata viperis crines. 
 Cf. 6, 45. 
 
 120. 'And our marriage-torches waved, but the brand was 
 snatched from a funeral pile.' mota refers to waving of the 
 torches to keep thorn alight, A. 1, 2, 11 vidi ego jactatas mota 
 face crescere Jlammas, et vidi mdlo cancutiente mori. The 
 marriage procession co the bridegroom's house was at night, 
 and therefore torches formed part of the necessary accompani- 
 ments. Cf. 12, 137. 6, 46. Anything connected with funeral 
 ceremonies would be of bad omen at a marriage, especially 
 that the torches should have been taken from or lighted at a 
 funeral pile. Cf. M . 6, 430 Eumenides tenuere faces de funere 
 raptas. Ovid is fond of contrasting the ceremonies of marriage 
 and death: for instances in these Epistles see 12, 140. 14, 
 10, 32 and Rem. 38 non tua fax avidos digna subire rogos. 
 
 sepulchral! face : the ablative expresses the material, 
 'torches consisting of brands from the funeral pyre.' Such an 
 ablative may often conveniently be translated as though in 
 apposition to the word it describes. 
 
 121 2. ' I tread wearily over rocks and bushy shores, and 
 wherever the broad seas lie open to my eyes.' 10, 25 
 mons fuit, apparent frutices in vertice rari, would seem to 
 confirm Merkel's reading culmina, if it were not that culmina 
 is not properly used of a mountain. Phyllis is climbing to all 
 points of vantage, where she may take a wide view, cf. 10, 29 late 
 Aeqnora prospectu metior alta meo : sometimes she comes down 
 to the shore, sometimes climbs to the cliff, calco is not a 
 usual word for ' walking : ' it seems to refer to the heavy step of 
 a weary person. 
 
 124. i. e. to see whether the wind was favourable for your 
 return voyage. 
 
 126. 'I at once conjecture them to be the answers of 
 the gods to my wishes,' lit. 'the gods propitious to me.' This 
 is a difficult phrase, but I cannot think with Palmer that meos 
 deos = ' my ship,' the images of the gods on the stern being put 
 for the whole vessel. It is rather to be explained by 12, 84 
 Sed mihi tarn faciles unde meosque deos. 
 
 128. mobile : referring to the constant ebb and flow of the 
 billows on the beach.
 
 102 NOTES. II. 
 
 129 130. minus et minus : cf. 1, 42. utilis 'mistress of 
 my limbs.' linquor 'I faint.' Cf. Tac. A. 3, 46 quasi exanimes 
 linquebantur. 
 
 131. modice 'with a gradual curve.' Cf. M. 11, 229 Est 
 sinus Haemoniae curves falcatus in arcus : Brachia procur- 
 runt. 
 
 132. rigent 'stand sheer up,' M. 11, 150 riget arduus alto 
 Tmolus in ascensu. 
 
 137. ut 'though,' see on 1, 116. ' Though in hardness you 
 surpass iron and adamant and even yourself.' Cf. 10, 110. 
 Am. 3, 7, 57 ilia graves potuit quercus adamantaque durum 
 Surdaque blanditiis saxa movere suis. 
 
 adamas (oSa/xas) is properly the hardest steel, and then used 
 poetically for the hardest conceivable substance. 
 
 141 2. ' My neck too, because it yielded itself to the em- 
 braces of your faithless arms, I long to tie close with a 
 halter.' 
 
 praebugrunt : Heinsius at 7, 166 collects a great num- 
 ber of instances of this license in Ovid : steterunt, quaesierunt, 
 exciderunt, dbsciderunt, horruerunt, expulerunt, fuerunt, mollie- 
 runt, profuerunt, contigerunt, annuerunt, audierunt, finierunt, 
 polluerunt, 
 
 For the construction praebere nectenda cf. 13, 31. 
 
 143. stat 'I am resolved to atone for my frailty by 
 an 'early death.' For stat cf. F. 4, 602 statque semel juncti 
 rumpere vincla tori. For pensare M. 13, 192 laudem cum 
 sanguine penset. tenerum pudorem 'frail modesty' stands for 
 'the frailty of my modesty.' tener is here that which is easily 
 dissolved, as he speaks of snow ad Liv. 102 Solvuntur tenerae 
 vere tepente nives. 
 
 144. 'There shall be but small delay in choosing.' 
 futura est=mt, cf. 7, 86. 
 
 145. invidiosa 'calculated to draw hatred upon you,' 
 cf. 7, 120. 8, 49 
 
 147 8. For a similar inscription cf. 7, 195.
 
 in. 
 
 BKISEIS ACHILLL 
 
 WHEN Agamemnon had been forced in obedience to Galenas to 
 send Chryseis back to her father, he consoled himself by taking 
 Briseis from Achilles. And she was accordingly taken from 
 the tent of Achilles by the heralds Talthybius and Eurybates 
 (II. 1, 217 350). When Achilles in wrath abstained from the 
 battle, and the Greeks accordingly suffered defeats, Agamemnon 
 sends Ajax, Ulysses, and Phoenix to offer him reparation, and 
 the restoration of Briseis, if he will fight. But Achilles refuses 
 (II. 9, 162429). 
 
 Ovid acting on the statement (II. 1, 348) that Briseis went 
 from Achilles' < unwillingly''tmagines her to be writing this loving 
 and reproachful letter immediately after the failure of the 
 deputation, when Achilles might have recovered her. 
 fj 8' a^Kovcf aifjui TOICTI ywfi Kiev. 
 
 1 2. rapta alludes to Briseis being taken by force from 
 Achilles, barbarica to her having been originally a captive and 
 not a Greek. She was daughter of Briseus of Lyrnesus (II. 2 : 
 690) in Cilicia, which was plundered by Achilles, Met. 12, 108 
 cum Lyrnesia primus Moenia disjeci. 
 
 3 4. 'The blots you see are tear-stains, but my tears 
 speak for me.' Tr. 1, 1, 12 Neve liturarum pudeat : qui 
 viderit illas de lacrimis factas sentiet ille meis. Ib. 3, 1, 15 
 littera suffusas quod habet maculosa lituras, laesit opus lacrimis 
 ipse poeta suum. 
 
 pondera 'force.' Cf. 2, 30. 
 
 5 6. 'About you my master and husband.' Ovid is fond 
 of thus repeating his words. Instances will be found in w. 8, 
 9, 140 of this Epist. and in 2, 99. 4, 44. 5, 120. 8, 80. 13, 166. 
 Cf. Am. 2, 5, 59 non oscula tantum Juncta queror: quamvis 
 haec quoque juncta queror. 
 
 7. regl : sc. Agamemnon. 
 
 8. quamvis. ..tua est: 'In Lucretius and post-Ciceroniau 
 writers (rarely in Livy) quamvis is found with the indicative.' 
 Eoby 1627. Ovid uses it with both subjunctive and indica- 
 tive, but with the former it means 'even if (as a supposition); 
 with the latter 'however much' 'although' (as a fact). Consider 
 the distinction of meaning in these two lines :
 
 104 NOTES. III. 
 
 ' quid enim servare laboret 
 Unde nihil, quamvis non tueare, perit?' 
 
 (Am. 2, 2, 11.) 
 'quamvis ingenio non valet, arte valet.' 
 
 (Am. 1, 15, 14.) 
 
 910. The heralds sent by Agamemnon to fetch Briseis. 
 II. 1, 320. 
 
 11 12. 'Turning their eyes the one upon the other's 
 countenance they seemed silently to ask, where was now 
 our love.' 
 
 quaerebant : the imperf . used in graphic description, as of a 
 picture &c. ubi : cf. 2, 31. 
 
 13. differri potul 'my surrender might have been put 
 off.' Another instance of Ovid's fondness for using words in a 
 pregnant sense, cf. 1, 114, and Met. 12, 76 decimum dilatus 
 in annum Hector erat, 'Hector's death had been put off to the 
 tenth year.' 
 
 16. 'In my misery I thought I was once more being made 
 a captive, ' i.e. as when you originally captured me. 
 
 17 20. Briseis says, I often thought of giving my conduc- 
 tor the slip and going back to you : but in the eyes of a 
 frightened girl there was always some enemy at hand to 
 catch her. If (instead of returning to you) I had gone forward 
 I feared that I should during the night be picked up by some 
 roving Trojans and carried as a present to one of Priam's 
 daughters-in-law. 
 
 v. 18 has been misunderstood from not noticing the 
 emphasis on timidam : the hostis is quite general and may refer to 
 either Greek or Trojan, whichever impeded her return to Achilles. 
 'There was an enemy to catch poor frightened me (I thought).' 
 
 21. 'But- granted that I was given because it was necessary 
 that I should be given; still I have been away many nights, 
 and yet you make no effort to recover me.' 
 
 noctibus not noctes. The nodes are regarded as separate 
 points of time. 
 
 22. lenta 'slow to be roused,' cf. 2, 9. 
 
 23 4. in aurem dixit 'whispered to me,' cf. Hor. S. 1, 9, 9 
 in aurem dicer e netcio quidpuero. 
 
 Menoetiades : Patroclus, son of Menoetius. He is commis- 
 sioned by Achilles to bring out and deliver up Briseis, II. 
 1, 345.
 
 BRISEIS ACHILLL 105 
 
 25. parum 'not enough,' cf. 9, 47. 
 
 pugnas, ne reddar 'you even make efforts to prevent my 
 restoration.' Cf. Bern. 122 pugnat in adversas ire natator aquas. 
 She refers to Achilles' rejection of the proposals of the ambassa- 
 dors sent hy Agamemnon. 
 
 26. i nunc : a formula introducing a forcible expression of 
 irony or contempt, summing up previous arguments, expressed 
 or implied. Cf. 4, 127. 12, 204. A. A. 2, 636 i nunc claude 
 fores, custos odiose puellae. Mart. 2, 6, 1 i nunc edere me jube 
 tibellos. Juv. 10, 310 i nunc et juvenis specie laetare tui. 
 Sometimes without nunc. Am. 3, 3, 1 Esse decs, i, crede! 
 
 fidtm jurata fefellit et fades Mi quae fuit ante manet. Juv. 
 10, 166 i demens et saevas curre per Alpes. 
 
 27 8. Telamone et A. n. Ajax and Phoenix. II. 9, 168. 
 
 Ule ille for hie ille, cf. Tr. 1, 10, 50 ilia suos habeat nee 
 minus ilia suos (ventos). 'The former connected with you in 
 blood, the latter your friend.' Ajax was first cousin to Achilles, 
 both being grandsons of Aeacus. Phoenix had accompanied 
 Achilles to Troy as bis friend and guardian at his father's 
 desire (II. 9, 438 443). For gradus used in regard to 
 relationship cf. Fast. 4, 27 Venus gradibus multis in gente 
 reperta. 
 
 29. per quos...redirem 'who were to conduct me back to 
 you.' 
 
 30. Referring to the long pleading of Ulysses to induce 
 Achilles to accept the presents, and the restoration of Briseis, 
 and to return to the war. II. 9, 225306. 
 
 316. The gifts are taken from the Iliad (9, 264272). 
 S-TTT airvpovs T/)(7To5aj Stica. 8t xpwroto rdXavra 
 atduvas 5 Xt/BijTas tdKOffi, SuiSfKa. 8' ITTTTOUS 
 Trrjyovs, a.0\o<f>6povs, ot atO\ia irofffflv dpovro. 
 d<affi 5' &TTO, yvvaiKtts, d/j.v/j.oi>a tpy eiSuios 
 
 s, as ore A^cr/So? tvKTi/j^vrjv ?Xes avros 
 at Tore Ka\\ei tvlKwv $u\a 
 
 32. arte 'workmanship.' 
 
 35. quodque supervacuum est 'and, a thing quite super- 
 fluous, some Lesbian girls.' Superfluous, she says, partly on 
 the ground that she herself was to be given back, partly with 
 a touch of feminine jealousy.
 
 106 NOTES. III. 
 
 37. One of the three daughters of Agamemnon. II. 9, 286 
 rpets d 01 etcri Gvyarpes ivl (jieydpy eviryKry, 
 Xpu<ro#e/us KO! AaodlKt) KO! 'I<f>idvaffffa' 
 rdwv ffv K iOfKrfffda. <pl\j)v dvdedvov ayfcrdai 
 
 TTpOS olK 
 
 It should he observed how much more closely Ovid follows 
 Homer in this Epistle than in the first. The probability is 
 that in common with readers of his own and subsequent times 
 he was more accurately acquainted with the Iliad than with 
 the Odyssey. 
 
 39 40. 'What you would have had to pay (i. e. if you had 
 been obliged to purchase me back from Atrides), do you refuse 
 to accept as a present?' 
 
 41. vilis 'worthless,' i.e. that you won't take even as a gift. 
 
 42. a nobis 'from me.' 
 
 43 44. ' Can it be that a sad destiny relentlessly pursues 
 the unhappy, and that no kindlier hour arrives for aught that 
 I undertake?' 
 
 By miseros Briseis means herself, but the masculine plural 
 in Latin is used by a speaker (1) when she or he refers to a class 
 of people, (2) when she or he wishes from courtesy or a shrink- 
 ing from naming a particular person to make the reference 
 appear to be general though it is really particular. Thus in 
 Ter. Haut. 151 ingenio te esse in liberos leni puto 'to your 
 children,' though the person addressed had but one son. 
 ib. 966 abii ad proximos though the speaker is referring to his 
 daughter. Briseis speaks of her destiny with a melancholy 
 fatalism, a belief in which may often be traced in Ovid's 
 writings, e.g. Tr. 2, 148 Spes mihi magna subit, cum te, 
 mitissime princeps, Spes mihi, respicio cum mea fata, cadit. 
 
 44. mollior hora ' a time of relenting,' cf. ex P. 3, 3, 
 83 4 Pone metus igitur : mitescet Caesaris ira, et veniet 
 votis mollior hora tuis. 
 
 45. Lyrnesia moenia : vid. ad 1. 
 
 46. patriae pars magna ' a person of great consequence in 
 my country, ' cf. Virg. Aen. 2, 6 quorum pars magna fui. 
 
 47 8. 'I saw three fall, partners in death as in birth, 
 three whose mother was mine too,' i. e. her three brothers. 
 The passage is taken from Briseis' lament over Patroclus, II. 
 19, 292 eldov wpo TroXtos deSaiy/ji&ov 6i %a\K<j; rpeis re Kaffiyvij- 
 TOVS, TOUJ pot ida yeiva.ro MY r '7P KrjSelovs. The Greek suggests the 
 correctness of mihi instead of Palmer's mea.
 
 BRISEIS AGHILLI. 107 
 
 49. quantus erat 'at full length,' cf. 12, 58 nox mihi 
 quanta fuit. A. A. 3, 264 inque tuojaceas quantulacunque toro, 
 'all your little length,' and Am. 2, 4, 34 multa jacere toro, 'at 
 great length.' 
 
 50. ' My husband writhing convulsively with bloody breast.' 
 Cf. H. 10, 721 utque aethere vidit ab alto Exanimem inque suo 
 jactantem sanguine corpus. Achilles slew her husband, II. 
 19, 295. 
 
 51 2. 'Though I had lost so many I had you to make 
 up for them all ; you were master, husband, brother to me.' 
 
 compensare follows the law of verbs of exchange, i.e. it 
 may be to take or give in exchange. Here it means to take 
 in exchange, the thing given or relinquished being in the 
 ablative. The thought in 52 is suggested by Homer II. 6, 429, 
 "B/cTop drdp crii pol Ifftri iraTrjp Kcd irbrvia. fj.yrrip ij5 KacriyvriTos, <rv 
 8t /j.oi 0oXepos irapaKolTris says Andromache to Hector : Zingerle 
 also compares Prop. 1, 11, 23 Tu mihi sola, domus, tu 
 Cynthia sola parentes. Cf. inf. 12, 162. And the thought is the 
 same in Soph. Aj. 518 TS STJT tpol yfroir dv dvrl GOV warpis ; ris 
 TrXouTos ; 
 
 53 6. 'You were wont yourself to say to me, swearing by 
 the divinity of your sea-nymph mother, that I had gained by 
 your capture of me. A gain indeed! What, that you might 
 reject me even though I come to you with a rich dower, and 
 might fly from the wealth offered you because accompanied by 
 me !' 
 
 53. iuratus : applied to the person bound by the oath. In 
 2, 23 it was applied to the divinities by whom the oath was sworn. 
 
 matris aquosae: i.e. Thetis. 
 55. quamvls : cf. on 8. 
 
 dotata refers to the rich presents offered by Agamemnon, 
 with the restoration of Briseis, to Achilles if he would only 
 fight once more. Cf. sup. 3038. 
 
 57. 'Nay there is even a report, &c.' H. 9, 682 auris 8' 
 
 170? <pcuvo[j.tvri<pi vijas tv<rff\novs d\aS > 
 xaS* dwoir\eleu>. 
 
 60. animi ' sense, ' cf. 13, 29 ut rediit animus pariter rediere 
 dolores. For the various meanings of animus in Ovid, see 
 index. 
 
 65. Phthiis 'of Phthia' a city of Phthiotis in Thessaly, 
 the country of Achilles.
 
 108 NOTES. II L 
 
 67 82. ' If yon must go, it would not be much trouble 
 to take me too. I will go as a captive not a wife ; some Grecian 
 beauty shall be your wife ; I will serve as a handmaid at the 
 loom. Only let not your wife treat me harshly : but if she must 
 do so, that will be better than to be left by you.' 
 
 70. 'I have a hand well fitted to soften wools.' mollire 
 seems to refer to the skilful manipulation of the wool as it 
 comes off the colus so that it should be soft and fleecy and not 
 like thread. F. 3, 817 8 Pallade placata lanam mollite, 
 puellae; Discite jam plenas exonerare colos. M. 2, 411 non 
 erat tmjus opus lanam mollire trahendo. Ib. 6, 20 sen digitis 
 subigebat opus, repetitaque longo Vellera mollibat nebulas 
 aequantia tractu. 
 
 73. dlgna nurus socero ' some wife worthy of a father- 
 in-law who is a grandson of Jove and Aegina, and whom 
 Nereus would not disdain as the wife of his grandson.' 
 
 The father-in-law, i.e. Achilles' father, is Peleus son of 
 Aeacus, who was son of Aegina and Jupiter. Nereus was 
 father of Thetis, mother of Achilles. 
 
 74. prosocer: the father of a father- (or mother) -in-law. It 
 does not seem to be used elsewhere until we come to legal 
 writers. 
 
 75. data pensa : the tasks of wool weighed out for the girls 
 to spin (pendere). 
 
 76. 'And the threads which I draw shall thin the full 
 distaffs,' i.e. I will spin. The rough wool is wound on the 
 colus and drawn off into threads by the fusus. 
 
 77. exagitet ' bully,' properly a word from hunting. .4. .4. 3, 
 662 lepus exagitatus erit. 
 
 78. 'Whom I cannot help thinking will be unkind 
 to me.' 
 
 aequa : cf. on 1, 23. 
 
 nescio quo modo 'somehow or other;' a way of avoiding 
 definite statement. Cf. Tr. 3, 3, 8 terraque nescio quo non 
 placet ipsa modo. 
 
 79. ' And do not allow my hair to be torn in your presence,' 
 i.e. by your wife my mistress in a rage. The cruelties of 
 mistresses to their slave girls are often mentioned in the 
 Latin Poets. Cf. A. A. 3, 238 Tuta sit ornatrix. Odi quae 
 sauciat ora unguibm, et rapt a brachia figit acu. Cf. Am. 1, 14,
 
 B RISE IS ACHILLI. 109 
 
 16 matrix tuto corpore semper erat. Ante meos saepe est 
 oculos ornata, nee unquam Brachia derepta saucia fecit acu. 
 Juv. 6, 491 Disponit crinem laceratis ipsa capillis Nuda 
 humero Psecas infelix. Mart. 2, 66 Unus de toto peccaverat 
 orbe comarum Anulus, incerta non bene fixus acu. Hoc facinus 
 Lalage, speculo quod viderat, ulta est, Et cecidit saevis icta 
 Plecusa comis. 
 
 81. 'Or, if you must, let me be thus illtreated, so long as I 
 am not despised by you and left behind.' 
 
 dum ne, or dummodo ne, is the regular combination in 
 negative sentences introduced by dum. It seems a mixture of 
 two phrases, dum pateris, ne relinquar. Cf. Liv. 3, 21 imita- 
 mini, patres, turbam inconsultam, dum ego ne imiter tribunos, 
 Cic. Fam. 10, 25 Celeriter tibi veniendum censeo, dummodo ne 
 quid lw.ec festinatio imminuat ejus gloriae quam consecuti sumus. 
 Eoby 1668. 
 
 83. quid tamen expectas 'What more do you want?' i.e. 
 by way of reparation from Agamemnon. 
 
 85. animos ' anger. ' 
 
 86. opes 'forces.' Eeferring to the victories of the 
 Trojans during Achilles' absence, and Hector's attack on the 
 ships. 
 
 90. 'And let me be the cause of your gloomy wrath ending 
 as I was the occasion of its beginning.' 
 
 modus 'limit.' Cf. F. 3, 165 hie anni modus est. It is 
 also constructed with dative. A. A. 2, 25 sit modus exilio. 
 
 92 7. Ovid here reproduces one of the arguments addressed 
 to Achilles by Phoenix. II. 9, 529599. 
 Oenides : Meleager son of Oeneus. 
 
 95 97. bellum erat : in a war between the Aetolians of 
 Calydon and the Curetes for the skin of the boar which 
 Meleager had killed, Meleager slew his mother's brother. His 
 mother Althaea, enraged at this, prayed to the gods to destroy 
 her son; on hearing which Meleager was angry and would no longer 
 fight for the Aetolians, who were consequently daily vanquished 
 by the Curetes, who even scaled the walls of Calydon. Meleager 
 withstood all entreaties from his father, mother, sisters and 
 friends to come to the rescue ; but finally did so at the prayer of 
 his wife Cleopatra. 
 
 98. cadunt 'fall idly,' 'are disregarded.' Loers quotes 
 Prop. 1, 10, 24 neu tibi pro vano verba benigna cadant. pro 
 nullo pondere, cf. 6, 110.
 
 110 NOTES. III. 
 
 99. pro conluge gessi 'gave myself the airs of a wife. 
 Cf. 4, 31 me sine crimine gessi. 
 
 101 2. 'Some captive maiden I remember once called me 
 mistress. "You add," said I, " a burden to my servitude by that 
 title,'" i.e. by calling me 'mistress,' you only remind me more 
 bitterly that I am a slave, nominis onus = ' a title which is a 
 burden.' nominis is a genitive of definition or, as sometimes it 
 is called, in apposition ; like vox libertatis ' the word liberty.' 
 Eoby 1302. 
 
 103 4. viri : of her first husband slain by Achilles, 
 iudiciis meis 'in my opinion.' Ovid often uses this plural. 
 Am. 2, 2, 22 judiciis aegra sit ilia tuis. A. A. 2, 416 judiciis 
 ista venena meis. 
 
 1056. Her brothers, cf. 46 7. mea numina ' whom I 
 look to as my guardian divinities.' Cf. 13, 159. So Brutus 
 says to the dead Lucretia, F. 2, 842, perque tuos manes qui mihi 
 numen erunt. 
 
 qui bene, &c. 'who fell gloriously for their country and 
 with its fall.' Palmer well quotes Gray, 'Ye died amid your 
 dying country's cries.' 
 
 107 108. cognita tela meis 'your weapons which my 
 race have had too good cause to know,' i. e. because her family 
 and countrymen had fallen by them, caput, cf. Tr. 5, 4, 45 per 
 caput ipse suum solitus jurare tuwnqw. 
 
 109. Mycenaeum : sc. Agamemnon. Ulysses says that 
 Agamemnon will give the same assurance. II. 9, 274 6, 
 cf. II. 19, 258. 
 
 110. deseruisse veils 'by all means abandon me.' 
 
 The use of velis with infinitive for an imperative is singular, 
 though the negative noli is the common construction. Cf. 
 A. 1, 4, 38 oscula praecipue nulla dedisse velis. 
 
 113 126. ' But, I am told, the Greeks imagine you to be in 
 sorrow. The truth is, you are enjoying the pleasures of music 
 and love. Your real reason for declining to fight is that you 
 prefer the safer delights of sensuality. It was different once. 
 Once you used to delight in deeds of valour and warlike fame. 
 Can it be that all your love of war was ended when you con- 
 quered my country? Heaven forbid! and grant that Hector 
 may still fall by your spear ! ' 
 
 113. tlbi plectra moventur ' you are playing on your 
 lyre.' Homer (II. 9, 186) describes Achilles as thus occupied
 
 B RISE IS AC HULL 111 
 
 when the ambassadors come to him. The plectrum (ir\fjKTpov, 
 Tr\y<rau) is the quill or short stick used to strike the chords of a 
 stringed instrument. Vid. Eich. 
 
 116. citharae: the same word as guitar through the 
 Italian chitarra, a stringed instrument presenting the shape of 
 the human chest and neck (guttur). Vid. Eich. 
 
 118. The lyra differs from the cithara in that its strings 
 are set in an open frame without a sounding-board. It is 
 called 'Thracian' from the Thracian Orpheus who was said to 
 have first received it from Apollo. Ovid has the same line again, 
 Am. 2, 11, 32 Tutius estfovisse torum legisse libellos Threiciam 
 digitis increpuisse lyram. increpare ' to strike.' Cf. M . 14, 820 
 equos ictu verberis increpuit. 
 
 123. dum me caperes 'up to the time of your capture 
 of me.' 
 
 dum 'until' takes the present and imperfect subjunctive 
 only. Eoby 1664. Donee and quoad are rarely found in this 
 construction. 
 
 125. Di melius 'Heaven forbid!' a common formula of 
 deprecation. Am. 2, 7, 19 Di melius quam me...sordida arnica 
 juvet. A. A. 2, 388. Cf. Virg. G. 3, 513 Di meliora piis 
 erroremque hostibus ilium. Met. 7, 37 Di meliora velint. 
 
 126. Pelias hasta : i.e. the spear of Achilles. Cf. Met. 13, 
 109. On mount Pelion Achilles was educated by the Centaur 
 Chiron. Cf. Pelias arbor 'the Argo' 12, 8. In Met. 12, 74 it 
 is called Peliaca cuspis. 
 
 127. legata 'if sent as an ambassador,' instead of the 
 three warriors sent in the Iliad. 
 
 12930. Vid. Introd. Teucri frater : Ajax. 
 
 131. est aliquid "tis something,' ' it has some influence.' 
 Cf. 4, 29. Am. 1, 12, 3 Omina sunt aliquid. F. 6, 27 est 
 aliquid nupsisse Jovi. 
 
 132. ' And to have reminded the eyes of a lover on the spot 
 with (the well-known) bosom.' 
 
 [I have left this line as it stands because I could not feel 
 certain of any alteration, which however I feel sure that it 
 requires. Sinu should perhaps be changed with Madvig to sui, 
 or to the various reading of the best MS. suis, sc. oculis.] 
 
 133. sis licet: vid. on 1, 83.
 
 112 NOTES. III. 
 
 matrisque ferocior undis 'more cruel than your mother's 
 (Thetis) waves.' Cf. 7, 44 jwtior est animo ventus tet undo, tuo. 
 Cf. 8, 9 surdior ille freto. Met. 14, 711 Saevior ilia freto 
 surgente, cadentibus Haedis. Cf. Shakespeare, 'You may as 
 well go stand upon the beach and bid the main flood bate his 
 usual height.' 
 
 134. ut 'even though. 1 Cf. 1, 116. comminuere 'your 
 stern resolution will be shaken by my tears.' comminuo, lit. break 
 up. Cf. 9, 80, in a metaphorical sense, 'to weaken.' Ex P. 
 3, 3, 34 Forsitan exiguas, aliquas tamen, arena et ignis Ingenii 
 vires comminuere met. 
 
 135 138. mine quoque 'Even now, late as it is, bestow 
 a thought, oh valiant Achilles, on your fluttering Briseis (so 
 may your father live out all his days, and your son Pyrrhus go 
 to the wars with auspices like your own !) and torture her not 
 in your own cruelty with lingering delay.' 
 
 sic: a common way of introducing a conditional prayer. 
 Cf. 4, 148, 168, 171. 7, 159. Cp. Hor. Od. 1, 3, 1 Sic te Diva, 
 potens Cypri etc. 
 
 136. auspiciis tuis 'with as good fortune as you did 
 yourself.' A. A. 1, 191 Auspiciis animisque patris, puer, arma 
 movebis, Et vinces animis auspiciisque patris. Pyrrhus, son of 
 Achilles by Deidamia ; he was also called Neoptolemus. 
 
 138. ferreua 'hardhearted.' Cf. 1, 68. 4, 14. 
 
 ure 'torture.' Cf. 7, 24. 
 
 140. cogis...coge: cf. on 2, 40. 
 
 142. ' Yet a hope in you is the one thing which induces me 
 to live as I do.' hoc animae 'this amount of life.' For the 
 phrase compare id aetatis, eo miseriarum, hoc laboris, and in 
 interrogations quid hominis es? Roby 1296. 
 
 sustinet 'keeps going.' Cf. 1, 114. 
 
 145 8. ' But if you are going thus practically to bid me die, 
 why merely bid me? Why not kill me with your own hand? 
 I have blood that will flow if you stab me. Use the sword 
 against me which you were going to use against Aga- 
 memnon.' 
 
 147 8. si dea passa fuisset: i.e. Pallas. Referring to 
 the account of the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon 
 (II. 1, 194 5), when Achilles half drew his sword but was 
 restrained by Pallas. 
 
 149 150. tua munera : the life you granted me when you 
 sacked my native city and slew my kinsmen. 
 
 quod dederas : i.e. my life.
 
 BRISEIS ACHILLI. 113 
 
 151. Neptunia Pergama: because built by Apollo and 
 Neptune for Laomedon. Cf. 1, 67. 
 
 152. materiam caedls 'something for you to slay.' Cf. 
 7. 34. 8, 51. 
 
 153 4. 'Whatever you do, whether you go or stay, use your 
 right as my master and bid me come to you.' 
 
 IV. 
 PHAEDBA HIPPOLYTO. 
 
 THESEUS king of Athens by the Amazon Hippolyte (or 
 Antiopa, see on verse 1 17) had a son called Hippolytus, who 
 was a sworn follower of Artemis, both as to chastity and 
 the love of hunting. Theseus afterwards married Phaedra, 
 daughter of Minos king of Crete, who lived with him at 
 Athens. Hippolytus lived at Troezen in Argolis : but on the 
 occasion of his initiation at Eleusis Phaedra had seen 
 him. She became desperately enamoured of him, of which 
 he was or affected to be entirely unconscious. After some time 
 Theseus himself retired to Troezen, the home of his grandfather 
 Pittheus, to escape the consequences of blood-pollution which 
 he had incurred ; thither Phaedra accompanied him, and her 
 love for Hippolytus was renewed by his proximity. During 
 their stay at Troezen, Theseus went away for a time to consult 
 the oracle at Delphi and Ovid supposes Phaedra to take that 
 opportunity of writing this letter to Hippolytus. 
 
 [The main conception is taken from Euripides' play. 
 Ovid especially follows him in this, that Phaedra's love is not 
 a mere guilty passion, but is a heaven-sent plague, over which 
 she has no control, and against which she struggles vainly. 
 The story of Euripides goes on to relate that Phaedra hanged 
 herself in despair, leaving a letter falsely accusing Hippolytus 
 of offering violence to her; whereupon Theseus prayed Poseidon 
 to slay his son, and only found out his innocence when this 
 rash prayer had been answered, Fast. 6, 737 sq.] 
 
 Qa.l5pT)v re UpOKpiv re tdov itaXijv r 'Apiadvrjv. 
 
 Odyss. 11, 321. 
 
 1. salutem 'The Cretan girl sends to the son of the 
 Amazon her good wishes for his health, which she will never 
 enjoy herself unless you give it her.' salutem is used in a 
 double sense (1) as the ordinary form of polite greeting (2) literally 
 'health and happiness.' The same double meaning of vale 
 occurs in 9, 168, and elsewhere, as the Greek xo/petv. Cf. 
 Eur. Bacch. 1380 x a v' <<> peMa- Ovyarep- x a ^ f7r< *>s & fls rod' 
 Ois. 
 
 o. 8
 
 114 NOTES. IV. 
 
 2. Amazonio : Hippolytus was son of the Amazon Hip- 
 polyte ; or, as others say, of her sister Antiopa. 
 
 Cressa puella : Phaedra daughter of Minos, king of 
 Crete. 
 
 5 6. ' These written words contain a secret ; yet look at 
 them. An enemy will at least look at a billet from his 
 foe.' 
 
 For the repetition notis...notas cf. on 2, 40. 
 
 8. in primo ore 'on my very lips.' So limina prima, 12, 
 150. We might translate 'The sound halted on the very 
 threshold of my mouth.' 
 
 9 10. 'Even where love is lawful and freely offered, some 
 feeling of hashfulness must he mingled with it, (much more in 
 this case); so, what 1 was ashamed to say love bade me 
 write.' 
 
 qua licet et sequitur. Many ways of construing these 
 words have been proposed : 
 
 (1) Where love is lawful and easy (sequitur). 
 
 (2) When love is lawful and proper (utile, con- 
 venient). 
 
 (3) Palmer makes pudor the subject of sequitur, and 
 construes ' Shame should be joined to love as far as possible 
 and wherever it will accompany it.' 
 
 Of these ways the last appears to me most to lack point. 
 Phaedra is not enunciating a moral axiom but stating a fact. 
 ' There is a certain bashfulness that must accompany love in a 
 woman even when it is a lawful love and one that pursues her 
 (is not pursued by her as mine is).' The subject of sequitur is 
 amor, almost equivalent to amator. With licet understand 
 amare. Cf. Am. 1, 9, 9 Militis ojficium longa est via. Mitte 
 puettam, Strenuus exempto fine sequetur amans. Met. 1, 692 non 
 semel et Satyros eluserat ilia sequentes. 
 
 12. 'Love reigns and has jurisdiction over the gods, the 
 lords of all.' Cf. ex P. 2, 2, 12 In rerum dominos movimus arma 
 deos. Am. 3, 10, 48 haec decet ad dominos munera ferre deos. 
 So Horace, terrarum dominos evehit ad deos. 
 
 For jus habere in cf. Met. 13, 918 in aequora Proteus jus 
 habet. 
 
 14. 'That steely heart will surrender. 
 
 dare manus a well-known phrase for vinci arising from the 
 custom of holding up the hands as an acknowledgment of
 
 PHAEDRA HIPPO LY TO. 115 
 
 defeat. Tr. 1, 3, 88 vixque dedit victas utilitate manus. Virg. 
 Aen. 11, 568 neque ipse manus feritate dedisset. 
 
 ferreus: cf. 1, 58. 3, 138. It is a favourite metaphor with 
 Tibullus also, vid. 1, 2, 65 ferreus ille fuit and 1, 10, 2 Quam 
 ferus et vere ferreus ille fuit. 
 
 15 16. 'Let love be nigh, and just as he heats my marrow 
 with his overmastering fire, so may he transfix your heart to 
 gratify my desires.' 
 
 The two weapons of love are referred to, the torch and the 
 bow (cf. 2, 40) : Phaedra is suffering from the slow fire of a 
 concealed love (vulnus alit venis et caeco carpitur igni Virg. A en. 2, 
 2). She prays that Hippolytus may experience the sudden 
 shaft of passion and so yield to her wishes. Loers quotes 
 A. A. 1, 21 
 
 Et mihi cedet Amor, quamvis mea vulneret arcu 
 
 Pectora, jactatas excutiatque faces : 
 Quo mefixit Amor, quo me violentius ussit 
 
 Hoc meliusfacti vulneris ultor ero. 
 
 For in mea vota cf. on 1, 72. 2, 44. 5, 58, and Am. 1, 13, 
 
 46 commisit noctes in sua vota duos. 
 
 [The change of fiyat to fingat is at first sight tempting ; but 
 it will be seen on further consideration to be alien to the 
 metaphor. According to Ovid here the use of the fire of love is 
 not plastic but torturing.] 
 
 1718. 'I shall not (if you consent to my wishes) be 
 breaking the marriage-tie from mere wantonness. My reputation 
 is spotless," and guards me from such a charge. 
 
 She is speaking, in the spirit of the Phaedra of Euripides, of 
 her love as no mere outburst of animal passion but a divine 
 visitation, tfjuwrjv i-Treirov 5al/j.ovos drq.. 
 
 nequltia : for the special sense of nequitia cf. F. 1, 414 
 Nequitia est quat te non sinit esse senem. Nequitia is the 
 ablative of ' the efficient cause in the agent herself by which 
 a thing is done.' See Con. on Virg. Aen. 11, 568. 
 
 velim quaeras : cf. 8, 51. 
 
 19. 'Love has come with all the greater force because it 
 has come late in life to me. I have a consuming fire within ; 
 a consuming fire, and a hidden wound is there in my 
 heart.' Cf. F. 2, 762 Inter ea juvenis fujiestos regius ignes Con- 
 cipit et caeco raptus amore furit. 
 
 8 a 
 J
 
 116 NOTES. IV. 
 
 The argument is continued from the verses preceding 'I 
 have always been chaste, I cannot be suspected on that head : 
 all the worse are my sufferings now, aggravated moreover as 
 they are by concealment.' 
 
 The Phaedra of Euripides hangs herself because her nurse 
 divulges the secret of the unlawful love which she had always 
 kept concealed. 
 
 21. scilicet (scire licet) is used here to introduce an illus- 
 tration as in 6, 97. In 9, 85 it introduces an expansion or 
 detail of what had just been said ; in 10, 42 it suggests that 
 the statement is either mistaken or ironical ; in 13, 37. 14, 85 
 it expresses indignant irony. 
 
 iuga prlma 'the yoke the first time it is worn,' cf. Am. 1, 
 2, 14 detractant pressi dum juga prima boves. 
 
 22. de grege captus ' caught from the herd of wild unbroken 
 horses.' 
 
 grex is used of horses running loose Met. 2, 690, cf. Rent. 235 
 aspicis ut prensos itrant juga prima juvencos Et nova velocem 
 cingvla laedat equum. 
 
 23. rude 'inexperienced,' 'raw,' so ex P. 3, 4, 32 rudis 
 miles ad arma. Met. 13, 290 rudis et sine pectore miles. And 
 this comparison of love to war is constantly expressed or 
 implied by Ovid. 
 
 subit used because love is spoken of as ajugum or sarcina ; 
 HOT. S. 1, 9, 21 asellus tergo subiit onus, male vlxctue : 
 /tdX. 
 
 24. sarcina from root of sarcio is anything ' patched together,' 
 then 'bundle' 'baggage,' then any 'weight' or 'burden.' It is 
 used of sorrow in ex Pont. 3, 7, 14 etenim pejora tulisti : Jam 
 tibi sentiri sarcina nulla potest. 
 
 25 26. ' Love becomes a matter of business, when that 
 frailty is thoroughly learnt from girlhood ; she who comes to it 
 late in life loves more deeply.' 
 
 The whole sentence is founded on the idea of the contrast 
 between one who serves a regular apprenticeship to a trade and 
 one who takes it up late in life as an o^/iaflijj. crimen 
 = amor. 
 
 exacto tempore 'when the time of life for it is over,' to be 
 explained by its opposition to a teneris annis, and is equivalent 
 to serius in v. IP. Cf. exacta aetate mori Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 
 exactis aestatibus Virg. G. 2, 190.
 
 PHAEDRA H1PPOLYTO. 117 
 
 peius like our 'worse' is little more than magis, cf. irtfr. 
 34. 7, 30. 
 
 27. nova: i.e. 'fresh,' which no one has touched be- 
 fore. 
 
 For libamina see on 2, 115, ' firstfruits.' 
 
 28. pariter 'on equal terms,' i.e. because it will be the first 
 frailty in the case of us both. 
 
 29. est aliquid. Cf. 3, 131. Met. 13, 241 est aliquid de 
 tot Graecorum millibus unum A Diomede legi. 
 
 plenis ramis : abl. of quality, ' orchards with well-laden 
 boughs.' 
 
 31 2. ' If however that previous unsullied purity, with 
 which I innocently lived, was destined to be smirched by an 
 unwonted stain.' 
 
 candor ' whiteness,' not used in this particular sense else- 
 where that I can find: Ovid frequently uses it (1) lit. for 
 ' whiteness,' or ' brightness,' (2) mentally ' candour.' Here it 
 seems a metaphor from some metal, such as a polished 
 shield. 
 
 ab insolita labe : ab with instrumental ablatives is often 
 found in Ovid, cf. 6, 150; 10, 9, 138, see also Tr. 2, 462 fallen ab 
 arte viros. Am. 2, 15, 14 laxus ab arte. Ib. 2, 4, 31 causa tan^or 
 ab omni. Ib. 1, 13, 41 vir marcet ab annis. A. A. 1, 510 
 a nulla acu comptus. Ib. 724 debet a radiis esse niger. Ib. 3, 91 
 silices tenuantur ab usu. Ib. 545 placida mollimur ab arte. 
 Rem. 159 Venus est a cuspide laesa. Ex Pont. 1, 2, 54 ab 
 admonitu pejor fit status. 
 
 33 34. ' Yet it is one point in my favour that my passion 
 is for a worthy object, the baseness of a paramour is more 
 against -our credit than the intrigue itself.' 
 
 at introduces contrast between the dark and bright side of 
 the story. 
 
 igni is abl., cf. Virg. Aen. 4, 2 carpitur igni. Met. 3, 490 
 caeco paulatim carpitur igni. ignl: the oldest form of the 
 ablative of i-stems and consonantal stems was in -id, e.g. 
 marid, conventionid : next e long appears : from cure. 150 B.C. 
 we find -ei, e.g. virtutei, and in t-stems fontei, omnei ; or i, 
 e.g. luci, vesperi, deditionl. After this period the form in e 
 became by far the most common ; but the I survived in many
 
 118 NOTES. IV. 
 
 words, especially in original i-stems, e.g. igni, turri. These 
 forms are most common in Lucretius, see Munro on 1, 978 
 where among others he quotes colli, igni, imbri, navi, tussi. 
 
 The general tendency however was to weaken the termina- 
 tion to 8. Accordingly Ovid has even de mare Tr. 5, 2, 20 and 
 infr. 8, Qifonte perenne, cf. Lucr. 1, 161 e mare; so in Val. Flacc. 
 1, 14 turre occurs. [Wordsworth, Fragments of Early Lat. 
 p. 69 sq.] adurlmur 'burnt into," destroyed,' cf. 12, 180: ad 
 has much the same sense as it has in adedo 10, 26. bene succes- 
 sit seems a phrase taken from some game. 
 
 For ?eius see on 26. For the sentiment cf. 7, 105. 
 
 35 36. fratremque virumque 'him who is at once her 
 brother and husband.' 
 
 videor praepositura ' doubtless I should prefer ' : no doubt 
 of the fact is expressed by this phrase, cf. 129. 
 
 37. 'Now too, you will scarce credit it, my pursuits are 
 changed and I betake myself to such as I knew nothing of be- 
 fore.' 
 
 mutor In is a pregnant use of the verb. Cf. Met. 14, 553 
 carina mutatur in usum spinae ' is transformed into and serves 
 as a backbone.' [Lennep, who reads nitor, quotes Eur. Hipp. 
 235 M 0TJpas iroBov tffrt\\ov which he thinks is in favour of 
 mittor.] 
 
 38. per saevas feras 'through the midst of savage wild 
 beasts.' Ire per with a notion of desperate courage or wild 
 despair, cf. 5, 64. 
 
 39. ' The first of the goddesses in my eyes now is she who 
 is adorned with the curling bow,' i. e. Artemis, not Venus any 
 longer, prima, cf. 117. 
 
 40. Delia: Artemis born in the island Delos. subsequor 
 'I follow your taste,' i. e. I hunt as you do. 
 
 41. pressis in retia cervis 'driven into the hunting-nets,' 
 cf. Virg. G. 3, 412 montesqueper altos Ingentem clamore premes in 
 retia cervos. 
 
 43. excusso lacerto 'with the arm thrown well forward'; 
 the position of the arm at the moment the javelin is thrown, 
 opposed to adducto lacerto, cf. M. 8, 28 torserat addnctis 
 hastilia lenta lacertis, its position when thrown back to take 
 aim. 
 
 44. Probably Ovid has two ideas, one that of the hunter's 
 crouching down for concealment in stalking, the other that 
 of the practice of huntsmen camping out for the night [Hor.
 
 PHAEDRA HIPPOLYTO. 119 
 
 Od. 1. 1, 25 manet sub Jovefrigidovenator, and Cic. Tusc. 2, 40 
 pernoctant venat&res in nive]. He is however translating from 
 Euripides Hipp. 212 a-c3s &v...ev KOfjLtjTj] \ei/j,uvi K\i6ei<f avcurav- 
 
 39 44. The idea of these six lines is taken from Euripides, 
 where Phaedra first shows her passionate unrest by expressing 
 these longings to join in all the details of the chase in which 
 Hippolytus occupies himself. Hipp. 209 222 : 
 
 TTWS 3,v Spofffpas OTTO Kpr/vlSos 
 KaOapuv vSarwv irw/i apvaal/jLav, 
 VTTO T alyelpois tv re KOfj-Tfr-Q 
 \fifjiuvi K\i0elff ai>a.irav<rat/ji,a.v. 
 ***** 
 
 Tr^uTrere p ets opos' el/at TT/JOS v\ai> 
 
 KO.I Trapa. Treu/cas, tva. 
 
 ffrelfiovcri awes, 
 
 /JaXtcus f\d<poit 
 
 wpos OfiSv <=pa.[j,a.i Kval Ouvfau 
 
 Seneca also, who went to the same source as Ovid, has, 
 Hipp. 110111 : 
 
 Jurat excitatas consequi cursu feras 
 Et rigida molli gaesa jaculari manu. 
 
 45. versare leves in pulvere currus ' to turn the light-racing 
 cars on the dusty course.' He is again extracting from 
 Euripides and referring to the chariot races in the games 
 SeaTTOiv "Apre/j,i...yvfja'aaLtav ruv iTriroKponav, eWe yevoljj.a.v fr (rots 
 5awt5oi.s iruXovs'EvtTas 8afjia.\<.ofj.tva(Hipp. 229). pulvere refers 
 to the pulvis O^ympicus. The greatest test of skill in driving 
 these light cars was to turn round the meta close and yet safely, 
 hence versare. 
 
 46. fugacls 'swift,' so Galataea is volucri fugacior aura 
 M. 13, 807. 
 
 47. mine feror 'at one time I hurry along like the 
 Bacchanals driven by frenzy sent by Bacchus, or like the women 
 who shake their cymbals beneath the hill of Ida.' 
 
 Eleleides ' the Bacchanalian women, ' from their shout ; 
 though eXeXeu is properly a war-cry, feror Palmer shows to 
 be used properly of madness, quoting Virg. Aen. 4, 376 Heu 
 Furiis incensa feror. 
 
 48. quaeque : i. e. the Galli, or emasculate priests of 
 Cybele. Hence the feminine quae. F. 4, 183 ibunt semimares et 
 itumia tympana tundent.
 
 120 NOTES. IV. 
 
 49 50. Madness was supposed especially to be caused by 
 a sight of the Nymphs and other country gods, cf. F. 4, 761 nee 
 Dryadas nee nos videamus labra Dianae Nee Faunum, media cum 
 premit arva die : hence lymphatici yu^^oXrjirrot. This is another 
 way of saying that such madness is unaccountable. Ovid is 
 again referring to words of Euripides, Hipp. 141 : 
 
 <rv yap l-vBeos, (3 Kovpa, 
 ctr At Uavos eW 'Exams 
 
 4'OtTq.s rj fjt,arpos opftas. 
 
 attonuere 'have driven distracted,' more naturally used with 
 a thing rather than a person for subject, M. 3, 531 quis furor 
 vestras attonuit mentes. Hor., Od. 3, 19, 14, uses attonitus for 
 inspired.' 
 
 51 2. ' When the fit is over my attendants tell me all this; 
 I said nothing: I was conscious that it was love which was 
 torturing me. ' 
 
 53. 'Perhaps this passion is but as it were a debt that I 
 am paying to the fate of my race,' cf. 8, 65. 6, 51. Ovid is fond 
 of playing with fancies of fatalism, and when in trouble himself 
 often recurs to the idea. Tr. 2, 148 &c. 
 
 55 60. ' Love has been a cause of woe to my grandmother 
 Europa, and my sister Ariadne.' Europa was mother of Minos 
 by Jupiter. Aegides: Theseus, sororis: Ariadne, curva tecta: 
 the Labyrinth, called saxea tecta 10, 128. 
 
 61. ne forte 'lest by any chance I should fail to 
 be recognised as a real daughter of Minos, cf. 8, 82 ne non 
 Pelopew credar: ne forte like nisi forte seems to belong to 
 a proposition unlikely or impossible. 
 
 62. 'Last of my race I fall under the laws which govern it 
 and me.' 
 
 Palmer translates 'I fall under the influence of its marriage 
 laws.' And the word is used with this reference, see 5, 126 : cf. 4, 
 17. 5, 126. 3, 109 Sociare cubilia. Yet I am inclined to abide 
 by the interpretation of the older commentators; for I think 
 sociae leges require a more distinct context before they can 
 be rendered ' marriage laws. ' And Ovid uses socius as an adjec- 
 tive = 'combined,' 'associated,' cf. M. 13, 375 per spes sodas. 
 A. A. 1, 492 hie sodas tu quoquejunge moras. 
 
 63 66. domus una 'one family,' i.e. Theseus and his son 
 Hippolytus (Theseides). 
 
 tropaea (rpoTra.l.ov, rptiru) cf. 9, 104. Properly the trophy of
 
 PHAEDRA RIP POLY TO. 121 
 
 arms etc. put up by the victorious army on the spot where they 
 turned the foe to flight. Ovid uses it as equivalent to spolia. 
 Eem. 157 (to Augustus) Vince Cupidineas pariter Parthasque 
 sagittas Et refer ad patrios bina tropaea deos. 
 
 67. Eeferring to the occasion on which Phaedra had first 
 seen Hippolytus, at one of the yearly celebrations of the 
 Eleusinian Mysteries. These mysteries were celebrated from 
 the loth to the 23rd of Boedromion (Sept.) and on the 5th, 6th 
 and 7th days included solemn processions to Eleusis and 
 initiations of the uninitiated. In the time of Euripides a 
 young man of the rank of Hippolytus would be certain on 
 some occasion to be among the number. Cerealis because the 
 mysteries were connected chiefly with the worship of Ceres and 
 Bacchus, cf. F. 4, 507. M. 7, 439. inita est 'was entered,' i.e. 
 in one of the processions. There do^s not seem to be any 
 allusion in this word to the initiations. 
 
 Eleusin: the MSS. vary between this form and Eleusis. 
 Servius (Georg. 1, 163) maintains the form Eleusin to be 
 correct because of the oblique cases El usinos -na &c. He 
 compares delphin, Attin. Priscian (6, 5) confirms this, quoting 
 also TracMn. 
 
 68. Gnosia humus, i. e. Crete, from Gnosus an ancient town 
 in that island, and the capital of Minos. 
 
 rricn d' evi Kpwcro'ds, /J.eyd\T) 7r6\is tvda. re Mtvtos 
 iWw/>os jScuriXeue Aids neyaXov oapiffrrjs. 
 
 Odyss. 19, 178. 
 
 69 70. nee non tamen ante 'though you had done so 
 before in some degree.' 
 
 in extremis ossibus 'in my inmost bones.' 
 
 71. Candida vestis, &c. : as taking part in the mysteries 
 apparently. Loers quotes F. 4, 619 alba decent Cererem : vestes 
 Cerealibus albas Sumite. A custom svhich Ovid may choose to 
 refer to the Eleusinian mysteries from the Eoman Cerealia, or 
 which may have been drawn from it. 
 
 Hippolytus is represented in Euripides as offering a garland 
 to Artemis. (Hipp. 73, sq.) 
 
 72. flava ' sun- browned,' though Seneca, evidently copy- 
 ing Ovid, seems to take it of the heightened colour of modesty : 
 651 Quis turn ille fulsit, presserant vittae comam, et ara flavus 
 tenera tingebat pudor. 
 
 76. fine modico 'within moderate limits.'
 
 122 NOTES. IV. 
 
 80. 'I admire the way in which your horse is turned in 
 narrow space.' The allusion is to some feat of horsemanship, 
 not to the 'training-ring' of the Georgics and elsewhere. Cf. 
 Met. 12, 468 armaque concussit certumque equitavit in orbem, 
 cf. ib. 6, 215. There were from very ancient times games at 
 the Eleusinian mysteries, on the 7th day of the ceremony it is 
 said. 
 
 81. 'Or if you join in the contest of javelin-throwing' 
 (one of the games of the pancratium) ' it is your rigid arm that 
 attracts all eyes.' lentum seems to mean 'quivering,' from the 
 suppleness of the spear-haft. Compare M. 8, 38 torserat 
 adductis hastilia lenta lacertis with M. 13, 800 lentior et salicis 
 virgis et vitibus albis. feroz 'gallant ', an epithet really more 
 applicable to the person than the limb. 
 
 83. 'Or whether yqp hold hunting-spears of cornel wood 
 with broad iron head. ' Cornel wood is often mentioned as the 
 material for spears, Virg. Aen. 5, 557 cornea binaferunt praefixa 
 Jiastilia ferro, and other instances there quoted by Conington, 
 and Georg. 2, 447 ut wiyrtus validis hastilibus et bona bello 
 Cornus. 
 
 86. materia...tua 'I do not deserve to be victim to your 
 disposition,' i. e. to your aversion from love. Materiam seems 
 to be suggested by the previous line, and to be used as nearly 
 equivalent to indoles [in this case duritia] as in the pas- 
 sage of Cicero quoted by Loers, &c., Verr. 5, 68 fac enim fuisse 
 in illo aut C. Laelii aut M. Catonis materiem atque indolem. 
 
 [militia, proposed by Palmer, introduces a fresh idea and is 
 not I conceive much supported by the passage quoted from the 
 Amores, where it suits all the previous words and metaphors.] 
 
 87. studia Dianae, i.e. 'hunting.' incinctae 'with her tunic 
 girdled,' i. e. for convenience in the chase, so F. 5, 675 incinctus 
 tunicam mercator : it is more properly succincta, cf. M. 3, 156 
 succinctae sacra Dianae. 
 
 88. numeros suos 'her dues.' Tr. 1, 8, 4 ut careant 
 numeris tempora priina suis. 
 
 92. mollis [/uaX-aKos, jta\-0-aos, juwXvs] 'slack.' Lennep 
 quotes Herod. 2, 73 TO. r6a, et rbv irdvra \povov eWera/u^a elrj 
 eKpaydri dv. But he refers mollis to the bowstring, which I 
 cannot think is right. 
 
 93100. Three men famous as hunters who yet loved, 
 Cephalus, Adonis, Meleager. The story of Cephalus and 
 Piociis, the former beloved by Aurora but remaining faithful 
 to Procris, is told in Met. 7, 663. a sene, i. e. Tithonus.
 
 PHAEDRA HIPPOLYTO. 123 
 
 97. Cinyra creatum: Adonis son of Cinyras a hero of 
 Cyprus. Met. 10, 520 sq. 
 
 99. Maenalia Atalanta: i.e. Arcadian Atalanta, from 
 Maenalus a mountain in Arcadia. Met. 10, 560 sq. For the 
 hiatus cf. 9, 87, 133, 141. 
 
 100. ferae, i. e. of the boar killed in the Calydonian hunt. 
 102. rustica 'dull,' 'uninteresting,' cf. 1, 77. 
 
 104. obliquo dente timendus aper 'the boar formidable 
 for the slanting blow of its tusk.' So of the Calydonian boar 
 Met. 8, 344 canes... latr antes obliquo dissipat ictu. 
 
 105 6. Isthmon, i.e. of Corinth, cf. 8, 69. But Troezen 
 is at least fifty miles from the isthmus. 
 
 107. Pittneia regna: Pittheus, grandfather of Theseus, 
 lived at Troezen a town in the S.E. of Argolis. 
 
 109. Neptunius heros, i. e. Theseus, reputed a son of 
 Neptune, see on 2, 37. temper e 'opportunely,' 'at this tune.' 
 Cf. Eem. 131 vina data tempore prosunt. 
 
 110. Pirithous : one of the Lapithae, of whom Theseus was 
 the devoted friend. He lived at Larissa in Thessaly. The 
 noble friendship of Theseus and Pirithous, like that of Pylades 
 and Orestes, is much celebrated in the classical writers. These 
 heroic friendships are the bright side of a somewhat dark 
 picture of manners. 
 
 111. nisi si, a pleonasm nearly equivalent to nisi. Ter. 
 Haut. 391 nisi si prospectum est aliquid interea desertae vivimus. 
 Cf. Cic. Phil. 2, 28 nisi si tu es solus Antonius. The si perhaps 
 is an adverb to be translated 'truly,' and the phrase is more 
 particularly used in sentences implying an impossible or absurd 
 proposition. Cf. Cic. Cat. 2, 2 Nisi vero si Catilinae similes cum 
 Catilina, non sentire putes. 
 
 115. mei fratris, i.e. the Minotaur. 
 
 116. soror : Ariadne. 
 
 117. securigeras...puellas, i.e. the Amazons. There are 
 different traditions as to the mother of Hippolytus. According 
 to some she is Hippolyte (so Euripides) who was slain 
 eventually by Hercules for the sake of her girdle ; according 
 to others she was Antiopa sister of Hippolyte, to avenge 
 whose capture by Theseus, the Amazons invaded Attica and 
 who was afterwards slain by Theseus in consequence of an 
 oracle. Ovid seems to be following the latter tradition.
 
 124 NOTES. IV. 
 
 109 124. She endeavours to make Hippolytus throw off 
 all scruples of respect for his father by counting up the 
 injuries they have both received : (1) he has preferred Pirithous 
 to his wife, (2) he has killed Phaedra's brother the Minotaur, 
 (3) he has deserted her sister Ariadne, (4) he never wedded 
 Hippolytus' mother, and so left him to be a nothus, (5) he 
 afterwards killed her, (6) he then married Phaedra and had 
 sons detrimental to the interests of Hippolytus whom he 
 caused to be reared. 
 
 120. tanto pignore 'by having produced so mighty a son 
 as you.' Children are often called pignora or pignora amoris, 
 (see index) : here it is especially appropriate when the safety 
 of the mother is in question. 
 
 121. taeda accepta iugali: 'taken to his home with the 
 bridal torchlight procession,' cf. 6, 134. 8, 35. 
 
 124. tollendi 'which he, not I, caused to be reared.' 
 This refers to a ceremony which originated in the cruel practice 
 of exposing infants to perish, if the parents did not wish to 
 rear them. The ceremony remained after the custom was gone. 
 The midwife laid the new-born infant at the feet of the father 
 who, if he wished it to be reared, lifted it from the ground 
 (tollere dvaipeitrQai) : if he left it lying, it was to be exposed. 
 This is often referred to in Plautus and Terence. See Bekker's 
 Gallus, Excurs. Scene 1, p. 182. Naturally the determination 
 to expose an infant was made by the father, often to the grief 
 of the mother who indeed at tunes secretly took means to 
 rear the child. See Ter. Hautont. 627 640 where Chremes 
 lectures his wife in quite an exalted tone of morality for the sin 
 of disobedience to him in thus saving her infant, and only 
 excuses it on the ground of misericordla and animus maternm. 
 Accordingly when Phaedra says that her husband and not she 
 wished to rear her infants, she seems to boast of her unnatural 
 hardness to them as a proof of her care for the interests of 
 Hippolytus. See on this subject an interesting passage in 
 Professor Mahaffy's Social Life in Greece, p. 272. 
 
 125. nocitura tlbi, i.e. by producing children who would 
 take what should be your inheritance. 
 
 127. i nunc : see on 3, 26. 
 merit! : used ironically. 
 
 128. Referring to the absence of Theseus, which she pre- 
 tends to be a quasi-desertion. 
 
 129. vldear coitura: cf. on 36. 
 
 132. rustica ' was old-fashioned even in Saturn's reign,' cf. 
 1, 77.
 
 PHAEDRA HIPPOLYTO. 125 
 
 133 4. quodcumque iuvaret: 'whatever one happened to 
 wish.' 
 
 omne : cf. 12, 28. fratre marita: lit. 'a wife by means of 
 her brother.' Loers cps. Hor. Od. 3, 5, 5 Milesne Crassi conjuge 
 barbara turpis maritus vixit. 
 
 135. The only close and binding tie is not marriage or 
 legality, but love. 
 
 137 8. Another topic. ' I have shown you that our love is 
 not against nature ; now as to concealing it if necessary. Ask 
 that as a favour from Venus. Our formal connection will serve 
 as a pretext for intimacy.' 
 
 nee labor est 'nor will it give you much trouble.' ilia, i.e. 
 Venus, who will favour lovers, cognato nomine ' the pretext of 
 relationship.' Cf. M. 9, 558 dulcia fraterno sub nomine furta 
 tegemus. 
 
 [These two lines present great difficulty : which is not much 
 removed even if we adopt Madvig's alteration.] 
 
 139. foedera, i.e. of love, cf.foedera lecti, 12, 150. 
 
 140. sic: see on 3, 135. 
 
 150. iacent 'Alas! where now lie despised all my pride and 
 lofty words?' for jacent cf. inf. 161. 2, 124. For ubi cf. 6, 41. 
 
 152. certa fui, 'I was resolved,' cf. 6, 51 2, certa fui 
 pellere. 
 
 155. ' I have done with modesty. Modesty is a traitor and 
 has deserted its colours.' 
 
 depuduit: the de is intensive, 'I have felt all the shame I can 
 feel.' For different shades of meaning of pudor vid. index. It 
 may be either that which causes, that which feels, or that 
 which is protected by, shame. 
 
 157 160. quod 'though.' Although Minos is my father, 
 Jupiter my ancestor, Sol my grandfather, yet pride of birth is 
 conquered by love. 
 
 Jupiter is father of Minos by Europa, cf. sup. 55. Another 
 Minos, grandson of the first-named, married Pasiphae the 
 daughter of the Sun, and by her was father of Phaedra, Ariadne, 
 and others, proavum 'great-grandfather,' is apparently used 
 loosely for a more remote ancestor. 
 
 qui possidet aequora: who rules the seas, i.e. as Mng of 
 an island and seafaring people. The Cretans were early noted 
 sailors. Strabo quotes as a proverb of those who pretend not to 
 know what they know well 6 Kpijs dyvoct T^V OaXarrav (10, 4, 17.)
 
 126 NOTES. IV. 
 
 159. radiis frontem vallatus acutis, 'his brow adorned by 
 a coronet of pointed rays.' The engraving of Helios on a 
 Ehodian coin given in Diet, of Ant. will explain this line best, 
 cf. ex Pont. 1, 2, 23 tecta rigentfixis veluti vallata sagittis. 
 
 161. miserere priorum ' ancestors.' It seems somewhat 
 ridiculous to beg a lover though he has no pity, for his mistress 
 yet to have some for her grandfather! miserere must be 
 translated 'respect.' 
 
 163. details 'part of my dowry,' cf. 6, 118. 12, 53. lovls 
 insular because of Jupiter having been nursed in Crete A. 3, 
 10, 20 Crete nutrito terra superba Jove. 
 
 Crete could not be said to form part of Phaedra's dowry in 
 the ordinary sense. She does not mean that she possesses Crete, 
 but that it is her home, a home which will be at the service of 
 Hippolytus. So in 6, 118 Hypeipyle says that she is to be 
 counted by Jason inter dotales, i.e. among the advantages to 
 be acquired by marriage. 
 
 165. quae plurima mecum est 'who is very powerful 
 with me.' Ovid was no doubt thinking of Euripides' use of 
 jroX\i7 as Palmer points out, Hipp. 444 Kvirpis yap ov <f>op-ifrbv 
 fjv iro\\rj pvrj. But this meaning is derived from the notion of 
 frequency, cf. Tr. 4, 10, 128 in toto plurimus orbe legor. 
 
 168169. sic : see on 140 and 3, 135. 
 agilis dea : Diana. 
 
 171. montanaque numina Panes : the Pans of Eoman 
 mythology seem to be a confusion with the Fauni and to stand 
 for all goat-footed country-gods. In earlier mythology there 
 is only one Pan. Virgil classes Fauni and Dryades together 
 (G. 1, 1011), Horace Nymphs and Fauni (Od. 1, 1, 31). 
 And this very early induced copyists to alter the reading here to 
 Fauni. But Ovid elsewhere speaks of Panes, and always in 
 connection with Satyri; vid. Met. 14, 638. F. 1, 397. 
 
 172. adversa cuspide 'by a spear aimed straight and hitting 
 it full in the breast.' Adversus='fhat which is exactly oppo- 
 site,' and applied to a javelin &c. comes to mean 'aimed 
 straight at': so in M. 12, 312 he speaks of a man falling with an 
 odversum vulnus, which he explains to mean from a spear 
 hitting him between the eyes. Cf. A. 2, 10, 31 induat advcrsis 
 eontraria pectora telis Miles. 
 
 175 6. ' I add tears also to these words : the prayers you 
 read : the tears you must imagine,' i.e. you cannot see them.
 
 V. 
 OENONE PARIDI. 
 
 PABIS was exposed as an infant on mount Ida, because his 
 mother, when about to bring him forth, dreamed that she had 
 produced a firebrand which fired all Troy. The infant how- 
 ever had been saved by shepherds and brought up as a shepherd 
 lad, and had wedded the river-nymph Oenone. After Paris 
 had been made the judge between the three goddesses he was 
 acknowledged by his father Priam, sailed to Sparta, and 
 brought back Helen. 
 
 Opnone thus convinced that she was finally deserted writes 
 this letter, reminding Paris of their old love and warning 
 him that Helen will only bring him trouble and disaster. 
 
 [The Story of Oenone is not mentioned in Homer and we 
 are referred to Apollodorus* (the Lempriere of the ancients) 
 for Ovid's materials. The poet however had probably other 
 materials to work upon, just as a story in the 'Palace of 
 Pleasure ' is not often enough to account for a Play of Shake- 
 spear. This will be apparent from the passage of Apollodorus 
 himself, book 3. 'Alexander wedded Oenone the daughter of 
 ' the river Kebren. She had learnt the art of prophecy from 
 ' Rhea and used to warn Alexander not to sail to fetch Helen. 
 ' Failing to persuade him she told him if he were ever wounded 
 ' to come to her, for she alone could heal him. So he carried off 
 ' Helen from Sparta ; and in the siege of Troy he was wounded 
 ' by Philoctetes with the bow and arrows of Hercules. There- 
 ' upon he went to Oenone on Mt. Ida. She however remembered 
 ' her wrongs and refused to heal him. Then Alexander was carried 
 ' back to Troy and died. But Oenone repented and went after 
 ' him, carrying her healing drugs with her, for she was skilled in 
 ' the arts of healing and song. Finding him dead she hanged 
 ' herself.'] 
 
 1 2. The abruptness of this opening has been often notice ! 
 and admired, and no doubt much of the effect would be 
 destroyed by accepting the introductory couplet found in some 
 copies. 
 
 ' Will you read my letter, or will your new wife forbid it ? 
 You may read it. It is not from the enemy at Mycenae,' i. e. 
 from Agamemnon king of Mycenae, who is preparing the 
 expedition to avenge the carrying off of Helen. 
 
 3. Pegasis 'River- nymph' (71-5777;) the feminine of Pegasus, 
 who was so called also from ^17717. Madvig however ridicules 
 
 * Apollodorus of Athens fl. circ. 140. Only one of his books 'the Library' 
 survives. It is an account of Greek mythology and heroes.
 
 128 NOTES. V. 
 
 this word, which he says could only be the feminine patronymic 
 from Pegasus. He would therefore restore Pedasis, from Pedasus 
 a town on the river Kebren, whose daughter Oenone was. 
 The assumption in Madvig's note is that of calling Pedasus 
 the oppidum patrium of Oenone. In Homer (11. 21. 87) Pedasus 
 is said to be on the Satnioeis * . 
 
 4. I have been wronged and have somewhat to complain of 
 you, of you my own, ' if you yourself will let it be so.' 
 
 si sinis ipse, i.e. not 'if yon will let me complain,' but 'if you 
 will allow yourself to be called mine. ' 
 
 8. indigno: the masculine used in general statements of 
 this kind, 'to oiie who deserves it not.' Cf. on 3, 43. 
 
 9. tantus ' so great a man as you are now,' i. e. acknowledged 
 as son of Priam. See Introd. 
 
 10. edlta de magno flumine, i.e. the Kebren, vid. Introd. 
 This river was also said to have been the father of Hesperie. 
 M. 11, 769. 
 
 11 12. absit reverentia vero 'let no respect for your 
 rank prevent my speaking the plain truth to you. ' 
 
 tuli : er\riv. ' I condescended." 
 
 17 18. quls, not quae, on the principle laid down on 8. 
 
 saltus 'coverts.' M. 5. 578 unafui, nee me studiosius altera 
 saltus Legit. 
 
 fera 'wolf.' 
 
 19 20. ' Often as your attendant have I stretched out the 
 wide-meshed hunting-nets; often have I taken the swift hounds 
 over the long ridges. ' 
 
 maculis 'meshes.' That maculae does not mean 'knots,' 
 may be gathered I think from considering the following passage 
 of Pliny 11, 24, 81 : he is speaking of a spider spinning, texere a 
 media incipit circinato orbe subtemina adnectens, maculasque 
 paribus semper intervallis sed subinde crescentibus ex angusto 
 dilatans indissolubili nodo implicat. I think in the two passages, 
 quoted from Varro and Columella by Ramsay, Palmer and 
 others, nets which would keep fowls in and eagles out might 
 still be said to have maculae grandes, whereas the 'knots' would 
 make no manner of difference. The passages are Varro R. R. 
 3, 11. Colum. R. R. 8, 15. 
 
 comes : cf. 4, 103. 
 
 * The river Kebren seems only known from Apollodorus I.e. Strabo men- 
 tions the town Kebrene (Kt/3p>jn), Ke/SpiJv) 517, 13 and the district K0pT)via 
 510, 33, but says nothing of a river of that name. Xenophon (Hell. 3, 1, 18) 
 however mentions a fountain in the town.
 
 OENONE PARIDI. 129 
 
 20. egi canes refers to the leading the hounds in leash. 
 These duties of an attendant in the chase are referred to by 
 Tibullus in a very similar passage, 4, 3, 11 : 
 
 Sed tamen ut tecum liceat, Cerinthe, vagari, 
 Ipsa ego per monies retia torta feram. 
 
 Ipsa ego velocis quaeram vestigia cervae, 
 Et demam celeri ferrea vincla cani. 
 
 per iuga longa : cf. 4, 42. And Propert. 3 (4), 14, 16 Sectatur 
 patrios perjuga longa canes. 
 
 21 30. The custom of carving names and verses on trees 
 is referred to by Virgil Eel. 5, 13 in viridi nuper quae cortice 
 fagi carmina descripsi, and 10, 53 tenerisque meos incidere amores 
 Arboribus, crescent illae, crescetis amores. 
 
 22. Cf. ' As you like it '3,2,' There is a man haunts our 
 forest that abuses our young plants with carving Kosalind on 
 their barks.' Spenser, Colin Clout. 
 
 'Her name on every tree I will endosse 
 That, as the trees do grow, her name may grow.' 
 
 25 26. ' And with the growth of the trunks grow the letters 
 of my name : Grow on, and rise up boldly to be my epitaph.' 
 Oenone seems to be thinking of the inscription on a tombstone 
 or memorial pillar. For in, see on 4, 16 ; and for titulos cf. 2, 
 68. 5, 26. 
 
 recta seems to refer to nomina, it would appear to mean 
 ' straight,' ' bold,' ' clear :' and being joined closely to the 
 verb may be represented in English by an adverb. 
 
 [While admitting the difficulty of recta, I am unable to 
 accept rite as Palmer does. Its lack of all MS. authority is of 
 less weight than the fact that it fails to make any clearer a 
 very obscure conceit.] 
 
 28. carmen ' inscription,' 2, 146. 7, 194. 
 
 30 32. 'Let all the laws of nature be reversed.' This 
 particular mode of expressing the idea is a common one in the 
 Poets, e.g. Prop. 3, 7, 31 Terra prius falso partu deludet arantes 
 ...Fluminaque ad caput incipient revocare liquores. Hor. Od. 1, 
 29, 10 quis neget arduis Pronos relabi posse rivos Moiitibus, 
 ct Tiberim reverti. Eur. Med. 414 avu iroTanuv leptSv \tapoijfft 
 irayal KO.I Sixa ical wavTa Tra\iv (rrptyerai. Ovid frequently uses 
 it, Tr. 1, 8, 1 In caput alta suum labentur ab aequore retro 
 Flumina, conversis solque recurret equis. Ex P. 4, 5, 43flumina- 
 que in fontes cursu reditura supino. M. 13, 324 Ante retro 
 Simois fluet... For a great number of similar expressions, 
 see Eamsay ; and Zingerle ' Ovidius und sein Verhaltniss, etc.' 
 p. 110111. 
 
 o. 9
 
 130 NOTES. V. 
 
 Xanthus: also called Scamander, ov Ravdov xaXeovai 6eol 
 avSpes 5 2,Ka/j.avdpov II. 20, 74, by which riomer is supposed 
 to mean that Xanthus is the earlier name. 
 
 33 4. 'That day told me my destiny, poor girl: from 
 that day begins the darkest overclouding of a love that 
 has suffered change.' For mutare of a sudden change in weather 
 cf. Tr. 1, 2, 107 fallor an incipiunt gravidae evanescere nubes 
 Victaque mutati frangitur ira maris. 
 
 37. micuere : see on 1, 45. 
 
 40. constitit esse nefas 'they all agreed that it was 
 of evil omen.' The idea of crime is generally attached to 
 nefas ; but it may also refer to that view only of crime which 
 regards it as ominous of evil. So M. 15, 785ferunt...terribiles- 
 que tubas auditaque cornua caelo Praemonuisse nefas. Hence 
 dies nefastus is a day on which it is of evil omen to do business. 
 Oenone consults old witches and wizards. For an account of a 
 witch see Am. 1, 8, 13 sq. 
 
 41 58. ' Then came felling of timber, building and launch- 
 ing of ships; you departed, but it was with tears and embraces. 
 You could hardly tear yourself away, and often feigned that 
 the winds detained you that you might not leave me. I followed 
 your departing sails with prayers for your return, little 
 thinking that your return would give you to another's arms !' 
 
 The cause of Paris' expedition to Greece was, according 
 to some, merely the fact of Menelaus having been at Troy and 
 asking Paris to return to Sparta with him ; according to others, 
 because he had incurred blood-pollution by involuntarily kill- 
 ing Antheus. 
 
 42. ceratas rates 'smeared with wax and pitch:' for this 
 mixture see the account of a burning ship Met. 14, 532 
 lamque picem et ceras alimentaque cetera flammae Mulciber 
 urebat, perque altum ad carbasa malum Ibat. This would be 
 the last thing done to the ships before launching them, and so 
 Ovid says ( Rem. 447) non satis una tenet ceratas anchara puppes. 
 
 44. 'Your present love (for Helen) is the one to make you 
 blush rather than your past love (for me).' 
 
 45. nostros flentis ocellos 'the eyes of me weeping.' The 
 possessive pronoun is in these phrases in the place of a genitive. 
 This is common enough in such phrases as mea defunctae ossa 
 cubent (A. 1, 8, 107), but that the plural possessive should be 
 thus joined with a genitive singular is an idiom not to be 
 easily justified. Loers quotes Mart. 7, 51, 7 Si tenet absentis 
 nostros cantatque libellot.
 
 OENONE PARIDI. 131 
 
 48. nexa : cf. 2, 141. 
 
 50. ' You lingered with me, pretending that the wind was so 
 unfavourable that you could not start; it was favourable all the 
 while, and your real reason was that you could not leave me.' 
 
 51. 'How often did you let me go, and then recall me for 
 one kiss more.' The dimissae and repetita both refer in a 
 manner to the person. 
 
 54. remis canet: cf. 3, 65. eruta 'turned up.' Am. 3, 8, 
 43 .Nora freta demisso verrebant eruta remo. It is applied to 
 land 'turned up' by the plough in F. 4, 404 tune primum soles 
 eruta vidit humus. 
 
 56. qua licet 'as far as I can,' referring not to distance 
 but opportunity, cf. ex P. 2, 8, 55 Nos quoque vestra juvet 
 quod, qua licet, ora videmus, ' That we see your face as far as 
 we may,' i.e. in pictures or busts. 
 
 57. virides Nereidas: the sea-nymphs, daughters of 
 Nereus, are called virides from the colour of the sea, just as 
 Gaerulei di mean 'sea gods,' cf. Nereus caerulus 9, 14. 
 
 58. in mea damna 'to my bitter loss,' cf. 1, 96. scilicet: 
 see on 4, 21. 
 
 59. alii 'for another's benefit.' votis meis: abl. of the 
 effective cause. 
 
 ergO : this shortening of the final letter of ergo is unusual 
 in Ovid, at any rate in his earlier style. It is less surprising 
 to find it in the Tristia (1, 1, 87); by that time Ovid allowed 
 himself many more licences, especially as to the quantity of 
 the final o. 
 
 61. moles nativa 'a crag of natural rock.' Cp. 5, 149 est 
 moles nativa loco. 
 
 64. 'My first impulse was to rush into the water to meet 
 you.' Cf. 4, 38. 
 
 69. quid enim furiosa morabar 'why was I mad enough 
 to stay to see it?' a touch of nature; she was heart-broken 
 at the sight, but irresistibly drawn on to stay to see it. 
 
 71. rupl sinus 'I tore open the folds of my dress,' cf. 6, 27 
 tunicis apectore ruptis. 
 
 74. Uluc 'thither to my own rocky hills I carried my 
 tears. ' 
 
 75. deserta coniuge 'deserted by her husband.' Ovid 
 often omits a with the abl. of agent, see index. But desertus 
 
 92
 
 132 NOTES. V. 
 
 from its sense of loss or want, almost being equivalent to 
 carens, may take an ablative. Cp. 12, 161. Munro in Mayor's 
 Juv. 1, 113. 
 
 77 80. 'A bold woman, who does not shrink from crossing 
 the sea with you, a bad woman who deserts her lawful husband, 
 is now to your taste. Not so once, when you were a shepherd: 
 then you were content with Oenone. ' quae...sequantur... 
 destituant : the reference is to Helen, of course, though she 
 uses the plural, see on 3, 43. 
 
 81. 'I am not dazzled by your wealth or the splendour of 
 your palace, or by the chance of being called daughter-in-law 
 of Priam.' 
 
 88. purpureo tore, i.e. the bed of a prince. 
 
 93 96. 'If you are not convinced by me, ask all the wisest 
 men in Troy what they think, Hector, Deiphobus, Antenor, 
 Priam himself, as to the advisability of restoring Helen.' 
 
 Polydamas is represented in the Iliad as advising Hector, 
 and sometimes reproving him. It is his censure that Hector 
 most dreads, II. 22, 100 IIoiAi/Sa/cias noi -rpwros tXcyxdrjv 
 dvaffrifffi. From which passage his name came to be used as a 
 kind of impersonification of public opinion, a Mrs Grundy, 
 cf. Persius 1, 4 Ne mihi Polydamas et Troiades Labeonem 
 Praetulerint, and Cic. Ep. Alt. 7, 1, 4. 
 
 gravls 'weighty.' Antenor advises that Helen should be 
 sent back to Argos, II. 7, 350. quis for quibus. 
 
 98. vir 'the husband,' sc. Menelaus. 
 
 101. minor Atrides: the younger Atrides, i.e. Menelaus. 
 foedera lectl: cf. 12, 150. 
 
 104. semel 'once for all.' 
 106. viduo toro : cf. 1, 10. 
 109. turn cum : see on 1, 5. 
 113. tua germana, i.e. Cassandra. 
 
 116. littora, i.e. 'the sand of the sea-beach.' To plough 
 the sand was a proverb for wasting labour. Trist. 5, 4, 47 8 
 Plena tot ac tantis referetur gratia factis, Nee sinet ille twos 
 litus arare boves. Juv. 7, 49 litus versamus aratro. Palmer 
 would add Juv. 1, 157, but in his view of that passage I am 
 unable to concur. 
 
 117. Graia iuvenca, sc. Helen. Ovid may possibly have 
 had Cassandra's words in his mind, as Palmer says, from 
 Aeschylus, Ag. 1094 are^e rfjs jSoos TOV ravpov, referring there to 
 Clytemnestra.
 
 OENONE PARIDI. 133 
 
 117 118. quae...perdat: obs. the subj. 'Of such kind as 
 to be the ruin of.' 
 
 122. dlrlguere 'stood on end stiff and singly.' The 
 meaning of the prefix dis- or di- here may be illustrated by 
 Shakespear: 'I could a tale unfold... would make thy knotted 
 and combined locks to part, and each particular hair to stand on 
 end.' 
 
 124. saltus 'pastures,' cf. Am. 2, 9, 20 mittitur in saltus 
 carcere liber equus. 
 
 125. fade 'in face.' The ablative of the part concerned or 
 affected, Koby -1210. 
 
 126. hospite capta 'captivated by a guest;' for ab hospite : 
 see on supr. 75 and index, socios decs 'her wedded home,' 
 lit. the gods of her marriage, cf. 2, 33 socii annl. Loers quotes 
 Am. 2, 11, 7 Ecce fugit notumqtte torum sociosque Penates. 
 
 127 8. There was a tradition of Theseus having carried 
 off Helen before her amour with Paris. And Herodotus (9, 73) 
 mentions the expedition of the Tyndaridae (i.e. Castor and 
 Pollux) into Attica to recover her. The story was that she was 
 only seven years old when Theseus carried her off and that she 
 was hidden at Aphidnae, which the Tyndaridae besieged and took. 
 
 131. Cf. Met. 7, 69 Conjugiumne vocas speciosaque nomina 
 culpae Imponis? and Virg. Aen. 4, 172 Conjugiumque vocat, 
 hoc praetexit nomine culpam. 
 
 135 6. celeres: because of their goat's feet, proterva 
 'wanton.' 
 
 137. pinu acuta ' sharp-pointed pine leaves.' In Met. 1, 
 699 Pan is said to be crowned with the same. Faunus : see on 
 4,49. 
 
 139. Troiae munltor 'the builder of Troy's walls,' sc. 
 Apollo, vid. on 1, 67. 
 
 146. ad sua dona, i.e. to his skill in healing herbs. Apollo 
 is the god of medicine, hence father of Aesculapius. Ovid 
 calls the physician's trade ars Apollonea, Tr. 3, 3, 10. 
 
 147. utilis medendi 'useful for healing,' see on 1, 81. 
 
 149. Cf. Met. 1, 523 Ei mihi quod nullis amor est sanabilis 
 herbis. 
 
 150. deficior...ab arte mea 'though skilled in the art (of 
 simples) I fail in the very art which I call my own.' It is not 
 very easy to be certain as to the construction though the 
 meaning is clear. We may (1) regard deficio as a transitive 
 verb, as in F. 3, 665 rictus defecerat illos ; whence the passive
 
 134 NOTES. VI. 
 
 defecti 'in want,' ib. 674. And explain ab arte as an instance 
 of the Ovidian use of ab with the ablative which is nearly 
 instrumental, cp. 4, 32; 10, 9, 138. Or (2) we may regard 
 deficior as a kind of middle ' to be wanting in.' It should 
 however in that case be followed by an ablative of defect, cp. 
 Cic. pro Cluent. 65 mulier abundat audacia, consilio et ratione 
 deficitur. Sueton. Aug. 84 quamvis non deficeretur ad subita 
 extemporali facilitate, whereas ab arte must be ' in respect of 
 my art,' like Horace's nihil est ab omni parte beatum (Od. 2, 
 16, 27) Ovid Tr. 4, 10, 6 insignis ab arte. 
 
 151 2. repertor opis 'the inventor of medicinal aid.' 
 vaccas Pheraeas : the cows of Admetus, son of Pheres. The 
 version of the Fable used by Euripides represents Apollo as 
 keeping the herds of Admetus when banished from heaven. 
 There was another version however which assigned him a 
 motive of Love. Loers quotes Callimachus, Hymn. Ap. 48 t6r 
 ir ' A/M<t>pvff<i> fevyrrriSas Zrpepev 'lirirovs "KiOtov vir epuri /ce/cau- 
 fj.fros ' A5/i/Toio. The same version of the story is referred to by 
 Ovid A. A. 2, 239 Cynthius Admeti vaccas pavisse Pheraei Fertur 
 et exigua delituisse casa. 
 
 e nostro igne: i.e. from the passion {love) from which I am 
 suffering. 
 
 154. auxllium, like opis in 151, has a special reference to 
 medicine. 
 
 VL 
 HYPSIPYLE IASONL 
 
 HYPSIPYLE was the queen of Lemnos. A short time before 
 the Argo started on its voyage Lemnos had been the scene of a 
 dreadful tragedy. Aphrodite had, in revenge for neglect on 
 their part, afflicted the women with a curse which made them 
 distasteful to their husbands; who accordingly took in their 
 place women whom they captured in Thrace. In revenge, the 
 women of Lemnos murdered every male in the island (Lemnia- 
 dum f acinus v. 139). Hypsipyle alone saved her father Thoas. 
 When the Argo touched at Lemnos the Argonauts landed and 
 remained some time on the island, wedding various of the 
 women there. Jason was entertained by Hypsipyle, and she 
 became a mother by him. When the Argonauts left Lemnos, 
 Jason promised, if he succeeded in his voyage and survived, to 
 come back to Lemnos. Hypsipyle is supposed to have heard of 
 his success and of his marriage with Medea, and to write this 
 letter to reproach him with his breach of faith.
 
 HYPSIPYLE IASONI. 135 
 
 [The story is told in Apollodorus, bk. i. But the spirit of 
 Ovid's poem is from Apollonius Khodius i. 608 909, so far as 
 it is not his own. He has especially noticed and used the 
 lines of Apollonius relating to the parting between Jason and 
 Hypsipyle, and the prospects of the birth of her child. The 
 fact of her having brought forth twins he found in Apollodorus, 
 who gives their names, Eunaeus and Nebrophonus. The treat- 
 ment and passion of the theme is Ovid's own; though as 
 usual he calls all his knowledge to bear to give a vraisemblance 
 to what he writes : notice in this respect especially Hypsipyle's 
 curses upon Medea.] 
 
 /jLixaeo fJ.7ii> dvtuv Tfp d/uws icai i>6ffri/j.os ydy 
 'T\}/urv\r]s. 
 
 1. Thessaliae : Jason lived at lolchus in Thessaly. 
 
 3 4. hoc tamen ipso...tuo 'I ought however on this 
 very subject to have been informed by a letter of yours.' [hoc 
 ipso is rather peculiar, but not so hard to understand as 
 Palmer's hoc ipsum which he construes as the accusative after 
 certior factus esse as though it were scire. Surely this is a 
 strange construction. To say nothing of the fact tnat it is 
 entirely unsupported by MS. authority.] 
 
 scripto is a substantive as in Hor. Sat. 2, 3, 2. 
 
 4 9. 'I ought at least to have had a letter from you. 
 Stress of weather may have prevented your coming back past 
 Lemnos, but no weather could prevent your writing a letter 
 which would have reached me at least as soon as the news 
 which I have heard of you.' 
 
 5. pacta ' pledged to you as part of my marriage-portion,' 
 infr. 117 dos tibi Lemnos erit. 
 
 6. ventos 'the winds you wanted,' 'favourable winds.' 
 
 7. slgnatur ' can be written,' cf. 13, 66. 
 
 8. mlssa salute ' of having a greeting sent.' 
 
 10. Martis ooves : the fire-breathing bulls, which Jason had 
 to use for ploughing the field before sowing it with dragon's 
 teeth, cf. 12, 41. 
 
 iujra panda 'curved yokes.' There were two forms of 
 yoke to couple beasts used, one a mere flat bar; the other 
 shaped like a bow. See the pictures in Rich. It is the latter 
 which Ovid calls panda. He applies the word elsewhere to 
 the keel of a ship panda carina A. 2, 114, and a bow-backed
 
 136 NOTES. VI. 
 
 ass pandus asellus A. A. 1, 543, to the horns of heifers juvencae 
 pandis cornibus M. 10, 271 ; to dolphins pandi delphines, Tr. 3, 
 10, 43; and to boughs weighed down with fruit pandas autumni 
 pondere ramos M. 14, 660. 
 
 11. adolesse: for adolevisse, adolesco. 
 
 12. in necem ' for death,' ' to be killed.' non egriisse, i.e. 
 because they killed each other. 
 
 13. pecudis spolium: the sheep's skin, i.e. the golden 
 fleece. For spolium see index. 
 
 1516. 'If I had been able to say to those who doubted of 
 the truth of these facts "I have it from his own hand," how 
 great a woman I should have been ! ' 
 
 17 18. officium 'attentions,' cf. A. A. I, 151 Etsi nullus 
 erit pulvis, tamen excute nullum: Quaelibet ojficio causa sit 
 apta tuo. 
 
 obsequium is a stronger word, 'indulgence,' cf. Am. 3, 
 4, 11 Desine crede mihi vitia inritare vetando, Obsequio vinces 
 aptius ilia tuo. 
 
 The sense is, Why complain that I am left without the 
 proper attentions of a husband? I shall consider myself 
 treated not only with attention but with indulgence if I am 
 allowed to remain yours. 
 
 19. venefica 'witch' (venenum facio). 
 
 21. credula res amor est : repeated in M. 7, 826. 
 
 23. Haemoniis ' Thessalian,' cf. 12, 127. 13, 2. 
 
 24. ' He had scarcely got well over the threshold.' For 
 tangere=inire cf. 1, 142, and see index. 
 
 25. Aesonldes : Jason, son of Aeson. 
 
 26. opposlta ' with his eyes fixed straight upon the 
 ground.' Opposita is expressed by adversa in M. 13, 541 and 
 like it refers more to the position of the eyes than of the 
 ground. 
 
 27. tunicis...ruptis : cf. 5, 71. 
 
 29. ' " He lives," said he. A lover is a timid thing, I forced 
 him to swear. His calling the god to witness could scarcely 
 make me believe that you were alive.' 
 
 For timidum quod amat (which I think the best reading of 
 the many proposed), cf. res est solliciti plena timoris amor 
 1, 12,
 
 HYPSIPYLE IASONI. 137 
 
 35. civil! marte : i.e. ' in fighting with each other." 
 
 36. diurna ' begun and ended in one day.' 
 
 37. devicto serpente ' when the victory over the serpent 
 had been narrated.' For this pregnant use of devicto cf. on 
 2, 69. 3, 13. [The whole passage 31 38 is condemned as 
 spurious by Merkel and Palmer, chiefly on the ground that 
 these particulars have been just given in 10 14 : and also 
 from the difficulty of devictus serpens, which is the common 
 reading for devicto serpente. The latter is from the second or 
 late Eton MS. and though resting on such feeble authority 
 seems to me a good reading, if the verses are to be retained 
 at all.] 
 
 39 40. ' In the excitement and hurry of speaking he un- 
 intentionally reveals my sorrow.' For ingenio suo ' naturally ' 
 sponte, Loers quotes Petron. 126 crines ingenio suo flexi ' curling 
 naturally.' 
 
 41. pacta : cf. 2, 4. iura : cf. 2, 31. 
 
 42. ' And a brand which was more fitted to be put to a 
 pyre that was going to be lighted.' For this contrast of things 
 funereal with things matrimonial, see on 2, 120. 
 
 43. 'My marriage with you was open and regular, there 
 was nothing clandestine about it.' For pronuba cf. 2, 117. 
 For Juno and her connection with marriage see on 2, 41. Cf. 
 Virg. Aen. 4, 166 pronuba Juno. 
 
 45. Erinys : 2, 119. praetulit : carried hi front of me in 
 the bridal procession, see on 2, 120. infaustas : 2, 115. 
 
 47. ' What had I to do with the Minyae or with the ship of 
 Pallas? "What had you to do with my country, oh ! mariner 
 Tiphys ?' 
 
 Minyae : a name given to the Argonauts again, in 12, 65. 
 Minyas was the traditional founder of Orchomenus in Boeotia. 
 From his daughters many of the Argonauts were descended, 
 and the name therefore is applied to them generally. 
 
 Tritonide pinu, i.e. the pine-built ship of Pallas. Tritonis 
 is an epithet applied to Pallas, and consequently to everything 
 belonging to her. And the Argo was built at her suggestion, 
 'Adr)valr)s viroOrifjiotrvvriffiv Apollon. 1, 19. Tritonis was said to 
 be a nymph of a lake in Africa and mother of Pallas. 
 
 48. Tiphy : Tiphys was the steersman of the Argo, ^<70Xcj 
 jjv 6pi.v6iJ.evov irpodarji>ai KV/A ciXos tvpeltjs, &r(?Xoj 5" cW/xoio 0i/A- 
 Xas Kal ir\6ov ^eXfy re ical dffTtpi TtK/M^paffGai Apollon. 1, 105.
 
 138 NOTES. VI. 
 
 49 56. ' You need never have come to Lemnos : the golden 
 fleece was not there. And indeed I had at first made up my 
 mind not to receive you ; we Lemnian women were quite 
 capable of taking care of ourselves if you had tried to come 
 forcibly. However I did receive you, and you stayed two years.' 
 
 49. spectabilis : a very favourite word with Ovid, see index. 
 
 50. Aeetes : king of Colchis and father of Medea. 
 
 51. aed me mala fata trahebant : see on 4, 53, and cf. 
 12, 35, and Tr. 2, 341, ib. 3, 6, 15 for a repetition of the same 
 phrase of fatalism. 
 
 52. hospita castra 'the foreign soldiers.' The neut pi. 
 hospita (which is also fern, sing.) seems to imply a form hospitus, 
 which is now non-existent. In F. 1, 340 we have hospita 
 navis. Stat. Theb. 4, 842 hospita flumina. As a feminine of 
 hospes it occurs in these Epistles 2, 1, 74. 7, 107. As a femi- 
 nine adjective again Virg. Aen. 3, 539 terra hospita. 
 
 53. ' Lemnian women know, only too well, how to conquer 
 men.' Referring to the murder of all the males by the Lemnian 
 women, vid. introd. 
 
 54. ' My life (if I had repelled and refused to receive you) 
 might have been protected by so valiant a soldiery,' i.e. as 
 these Lemnian women. 
 
 fait : for esset, cf. infr. 148 : see on 1, 108. 
 
 55. The connection is ' Though I might have safely repelled 
 him, I did assist the man with the hospitality of my city, I did 
 receive him under my roof and into my chamber.' 
 
 Juvare aliquem aliquo ' to help a man by giving him any- 
 thing,' cf. 2, 55. 
 
 [I have adopted Palmer's emendation juvi for vidi in the 
 text. But there are some considerations which favour the old 
 reading. There is no need of the many passages he quotes to 
 justify the construction or the phrase as Ovidian, but that 
 being admitted there seem other objections. Not the least is 
 the absolute unanimity of all copies. Nor have Editors altered 
 it, though Burman proposed in his notes Urbe virum et vidi, and 
 Heinsius urbe vinun vidua. And perhaps there is more point in 
 vidi than Palmer will allow. The sense would then run : ' I had 
 resolved to repel the Argonauts ; I might have done so safely ; 
 but I saw a man in my city, and (at once) I received him into 
 my house and chamber.' We must remember that the city is 
 empty of men, and that virum vidi therefore is no common-
 
 HYPSIPYLE IASONI. 139 
 
 place. And Ovid may be thinking of the excitement caused by 
 the appearance in the town of this splendid young man as 
 described in Apoll. 1, 775 785.] 
 
 57. ' It was the third year of your stay. ' This certainly is 
 against the authority of Apollonius, who says that the Argo- 
 nauts would have stayed a long time had not Hercules chided 
 them, 1, 862 dijpbv 8' a,v i\lvvov av8i f^vovres ft jj.~r) do\\lcrffas 
 trdpovs airdvevGe ywctticwv 'Hpa/cXojs Toloiffiv friirrdfuv (J.CT- 
 fiirev. In Apollodorus no indication of the time spent by 
 Jason is given. Ovid must be using some other authority, 
 which he does not however use consistently, for v. 123 implies 
 that Jason left before the birth of the children. 
 
 58. implesti ' you filled up the pauses in these words with 
 tears.' Implere ' to take the place of,' cf. Am. 2, 6, 39 Optima 
 prima fere manibus rapiuntur avaris Implentur numeris deteriora 
 suis. And so may be used of a musical accompaniment as 
 Palmer remarks. 
 
 67. ' The blue wave ripples from beneath the keel as it is 
 driven on.' subducitur prettily describes the apparent with- 
 drawal of the water under a ship as she makes way. 
 
 74. nunc quoque ' even now ' when, though you are safe, 
 I am deserted. 
 
 77 8. feram...concidat: deliberative subjunctives. 
 
 80. pater 'your father,' sc. Aeson. 
 Argolica and Argolidas ' Greek,' not Argive. 
 
 81. barbara, i.e. not a Greek. 
 
 83. cannina ' incantations,' ivipdal. 
 
 84. ' She cuts with knife, which has been duly prepared 
 with charmed herbs of dread potency.' A number of such 
 herbs is alluded to in Hor. Epod. 5, 17 sq. Ovid has given us 
 another elaborate description of a witch in Am. 1, 8, and in 
 Met. 7, 180 sq. 
 
 85 6. 'She tries to bring down the resisting moon from 
 her course, and to hide the Sun's horses with darkness,' i.e. to 
 bring on an eclipse. The moon was believed to be especially 
 subject to witchcraft, cf. Hor. Epod. 5, 45 Quae sidera excantata 
 voce Thessala Lunamque caelo deripit. Virg. Eel. 8, 70 Cannina 
 vel caelo possunt deducere lunam. Sen. Hipp. 791 tractam 
 (lunam) Thessalicis carminibus rati tinnitus dedimus.
 
 140 NOTES. VI. 
 
 87. obliqua 'flowing down.' Hor. Od. 2, 3, 11 obliquo 
 laborat lympha fugax trepidare rivo. 
 
 89. passis capillis : the hair in disorder seems a necessary 
 arrangement for a witch, M. 7, 183 nudos humeris infusa 
 capillos. 
 
 90. ossa: cf. Lucan 6, 533 Fumantes juvenum cineres arden- 
 tiaque ossa E mediis rapit ilia rogis. Tibull. 1, 2, 46 et tepido 
 devocat ossa rogo. (Loers.) tepidls 'still warm,' where the 
 body has just been burnt. 
 
 91 92. devovet 'dooms to death with her enchantments.' 
 cerea : a common mode of thus devoting a person to destruction 
 was to form a likeness of them in wax, and either stab or 
 melt it. Cf. Am. 3, 7, 29 Sagave poenicea defixit nomina cera, 
 et medium tennis injecur urget acus. 
 
 93 4. male ' ill is it to seek for love by magic herbs which 
 should be won by charms of mind and beauty.' 
 
 [I believe male to be the right reading. Nearly all the 
 MSS. however have mage. If this were admitted into the text 
 I should not regard it as the vocative of magus, but as an 
 archaic form of magis, which Ovid elsewhere uses. Tr. 2, 479.] 
 
 98. feros anguls: alluding to the dragon guarding the 
 fleece, which Jason put to sleep by drugs supplied by Medea. 
 She however chooses to use the plural as though this were only 
 one of many such acts of power on Medea's part. 
 
 99 100. ' Besides she contrives that her name should be put 
 in the inscription which records the achievements of yourself 
 and of your nobles, and so the wife eclipses the honour of her 
 husband.' The thought is that of a tablet, or a statue with an 
 inscription detailing Jason's deeds and those of his fellow 
 Argonauts. Cf. 2, 67 74. Hypsipyle says that Medea contrives 
 to have her name put in the inscription, and thus by getting the 
 credit of the deeds, she eclipses her husband's honour (titulus). 
 titulo : elsewhere when used in the sense of ' honour ' the plural 
 is employed, cf. 7, 76. 9, 1. But here the honour meant is 
 especially that of the titulus or inscription. 
 
 [If this view is right it does away with all necessity of 
 finding allusion to legal formulas as Palmer does: and for his 
 reading se cavet, which I cannot like. As to the reading in the 
 text se facit is the most ancient emendation of the unintel- 
 ligible se favet known to us, and I think the best.] 
 
 101 2. aliquis Peliae de partibus ' some one of the party 
 of Pelias.' Paries a political party. Pelias uncle of Jason
 
 HYPSIPYLE IASONI. Hi 
 
 deprived his brother Aeson of the throne of lolcos, but 
 offered to surrender it to Jason, on the condition of his 
 bringing the golden fleece. 
 
 acta venenls Imputat 'puts your achievements down to the 
 powers of magic drugs.' Imputare is the word used in keeping 
 accounts. 
 
 103. Phasias Aeetlne 'the Phasian daughter of Aeetes.' 
 Phasias, i.e. Colchian, from the river and town Phasis. For 
 the patronymic Aeetine Heinsius quotes Neptunine, Nereine, 
 Oceanine, Adrastine, Nonacrine, Evenine, though without saying 
 by whom used. And the other editors have followed him 
 without adding to our information. I cannot find that they 
 are any of them employed by Ovid. The MSS. know nothing 
 of the word, which is due to Heinsius. In Catullus 64, 28 the 
 reading varies between Neptunine and Nereine, Mueller adopting 
 the latter. 
 
 104. Fhrizeae ovls 'the sheep that carried Phrixus.' 
 
 105. consule : cf. 5, 95 6. 
 
 106. a gelido axe : i.e. from the North. 
 
 107. Ilia : sc. Medea. 
 
 Tanai (abl.). The Tanais (Don) is far enough from Colchis; 
 but it is somewhere in the north, and that is sufficient for Ovid, 
 or indeed any Eoman poet. 
 
 114 116. The descent which Hypsipyle boasts is this : 
 Minos, Ariadne, Thoas. Bacchus wedded Ariadne, whom he 
 afterwards made into a constellation. 
 
 feror 'I am spoken of as.' 
 
 117. ingenlosa 'productive,' cf. F. 4, 684 ad segetes in- 
 (jcniosus ager. See on 2, 22. 
 
 118. dotales inter 'among those whom your marriage 
 with me will put into your hands.' Palmer quotes Virg. Aen. 
 4, 102 dotalesque tuae Tyrios permittere dextrae. Nevertheless 
 what he calls 'the worthless reading* res tales has some point, 
 referring to ingeniosa in its sense of ' fertile. ' ' Me too you may 
 count as fertile.' 
 
 121. prolemque gemellam: Apollodorus gives the names of 
 the two boys, Nebrophonus and Eunaeus, though he does not 
 call them twins.
 
 142 NOTES. VI. 
 
 123. cognoscerls illis 'you are recognised in them,' i.e. 
 their likeness to you strikes all. Loers quotes M. 4, 290 Hujus 
 erat fades in qua materque paterque Cognosci posset. Cf. Long- 
 fellow : 
 
 'Dear babe, sweet image of thy father's face.' 
 
 126. saeva noverca: the thought of their cruel step-dame 
 Medea. 
 
 127. plus est 'Medea is worse than a step-dame.' Step- 
 mothers are the ideal of wickedness in the Koman poets. See 
 Virg. G. 3, 282. 
 
 128. faciunt 'Medea's hands are fitted for any crime,' 
 of. 14, 56 non faciunt molles ad fera tela manus. 
 
 129. Medea cut up her brother Absyrtus to prevent her 
 father's pursuit. Tomi, the place of Ovid's exile, had from its 
 name 'the Cuts,' T^/M>W, got the credit of being the scene of this 
 tragedy (Tr. 3, 9, 32); though probably the real origin of the 
 name was from some cuttings or canals in the neighbourhood. 
 
 130. plgnoribus : cf. 4, 120. 
 
 131. hanc 'such a woman as this.' ablate 'deceived,' cf. 
 E. 343 auferimur cultu, and Virg. Eel. 8, 41 Ut vidi ut peril I ut 
 me mains abstulit error. 
 
 134. taeda 'marriage,' cf. 4, 121 taedajugalis, and 8, 35. 
 
 135. Thoanta : her father Thoas, see introd. 
 
 137. 'What good is it to be better than she? She wins her 
 husband by the very fact of her wickedness.' 
 
 139 140. 'When I think of your perfidy I begin to under- 
 stand the crime of the Lemnian women, though I blame it. 
 Jealousy uses any arms it can to revenge itself in its wrath.' 
 
 quaelibet Iratls 'the very sting (of despised love) puts 
 arms of any kind you please into the hands of angry impulse.' 
 Cp. Tr. 4, 9, 8 induet infelix arma coacta dolor. Verg. Aen. 1, 
 150 furor arma ministrat. 
 
 [Palmer adopts the emendation quamlibet infirmis made by 
 comparing Am. 1, 7, 66. But the two passages are widely 
 different in intention. Here Hypsipyle is not thinking of the 
 contrast between woman's ordinary weakness and the strength 
 given her by jealousy; but she is suggesting ira and dolor as 
 an explanation or excuse for their conduct.] 
 
 141. ut oportuit 'as I wish you had done ! ' 
 
 142. comesque, i.e. Medea.
 
 HYPSIPYLE IASONI. 143 
 
 144. nempe 'doubtless:' pe is a form of que (nam-pe, cf. 
 namque), Boby 517. 
 
 Mscere: cf. 3, 63. rogandafuit: cf. supr. 54. 10, 112. 
 146. dignus eras= dignus esses, see on 1, 108, and index. 
 
 150. quosque 'and the face which she has inveigled,' i.e. 
 yours. For abstulit see supr. 131. 
 
 151. quod introduces an imprecation. 
 
 153 154. ' May the intruder upon my marriage-bed feel all 
 the sorrow which Hypsipyle is sighing over, and herself suffer by 
 the example she has set.' subnuba is probably like prosocer, in 
 3, 74, a legal term, but it does not appear to be used elsewhere, 
 sentiat ' feel the full misery of,' cf. 9, 46. 
 
 leges : cf. 5, 134 et poteras falli legibus ipse tuis. 
 
 156. cum totidem ' may she, with the same number of chil- 
 dren as I have, be abandoned by her husband.' As Medea in 
 fact was, cf. 12, 148 sq. 
 
 [I have no doubt of the correctness of this reading ; but it is 
 more ancient than Lindemann to whom Palmer attributes it, as 
 will be seen in the critical note.] 
 
 157. nee male parta dlu teneat ' nor keep long what she 
 gained by such ill means.' There was a proverb, which Ovid 
 perhaps is thinking of, male parta male dilabuntur ' ill got, ill 
 spent," cf. Cic. Phil. 2, 65. I had marked this, and now see 
 that Lennep refers to the same passage. 
 
 peiusque relinquat ' and leave them even more miserably' 
 than I have done. 
 
 159 160. ' May she prove as disastrous a wife as she did 
 a daughter and sister,' cf. 129. This seems rather a curse upon 
 Jason and his children than on Medea. 
 
 161. consumpserit 'has used up,' has exhausted all the 
 facilities for flight which they give. This is a bold and elegant 
 use of consumere, which Ovid employs elsewhere to mean ' ex- 
 haust by using,' consumere omnem materiam ficti, M. 9, 768. 
 
 aera temptet : referring to the legend of Medea being carried 
 in a chariot drawn by dragons from Corinth to Athens. 
 M. 7, 219 sq. 
 
 162. inops, exspes : very anciently this was altered to inops 
 mentis, but there are parallel passages in M. 14, 217 Solus inops 
 exspes leto poenisqut relictus, and Ibis 113 Exul inops erres 
 alienaque limina lustres. See also 14, 114.
 
 VII. 
 
 DIDO AENEAE. 
 
 DIDO, driven from her home by the persecutions of her 
 brother Pygmalion, who had killed her husband Sychaeus, took 
 refuge in Africa, and there purchased land and founded the city 
 of Carthage. "While the town was still in process of building 
 Aeneas was driven on shore there by contrary winds as he 
 was trying to make his course along the western shore of Italy. 
 Dido entertains him, falls in love with him and yields to his 
 embraces. Aeneas after a time obeys his destiny in seeking 
 once more his promised Italian settlements, and sails away 
 without the knowledge of Dido. When she discovers it she 
 resolves on suicide, and Ovid supposes her to write this letter to 
 Aeneas, full of sorrow and remonstrance, before she destroys 
 herself. 
 
 [The story is well known from Vergil. And Ovid has been 
 content to take all facts from him, as well as the spirit in which 
 he conceives the character of Dido. He elsewhere briefly tells 
 the same story, Met, 14, 75 81, 
 
 Hanc (Scyllam) ubi Trojanae remis avidamque Charybdim 
 Evicere rates, cum jam prope litus adessent 
 Ausonium, Libycas vento referuntur ad oras. 
 Excipit Aenean illic animoque domoque, 
 Non berie discidium Phrygii latura mariti, 
 Sidonis. inque pyrd sacri sub imagine facta 
 Incubuit ferro, deceptaque decipit omnes.} 
 1 2. The notion of a swan singing, and especially just be- 
 fore its death, is as old at any rate as Aristotle, who states it as 
 a fact in natural history. The Maeander, a river in Phrygia, 
 (mod. Mendere) which like the Cayster had as many swans as 
 the Thames. M. 2, 252 Et quae Maeonias celebrarant 
 carmine ripas Flumineae valuer es media coluere Caystro. Tr. 5, 
 1. 11: 
 
 Utque jacens ripa deflere Caystrius ales 
 
 Dicitur ore suam deficiente necem. 
 abiectus is a strong word, 'cast down helpless,' i. e. dying. 
 
 4. movlnius ista 'I have begun this appeal with heaven 
 against me : ' for Ovid's use of movere see index. 
 
 5. merita 'my services to you,' 'the favours I have granted 
 you.' cf. 12, 192.
 
 DIDO AENEAE. 145 
 
 7. certus es ire : of. 6, 51. 
 
 8. venti vela fldemque ferent : see on 2, 25. 
 
 9. solvere is used in an actual and metaphorical sense ' to 
 break away from your moorings and your contract at once.' In 
 10, 78 we have solvere fidem in the latter sense, and in 7, 55 
 solvere retinacula in the former. 
 
 10. Itala regna sequi : this was the reason of Aeneas' 
 departure. Mercury thus urges him to go, Aen. 4, 274, As- 
 canium surgentem et spes heredis luli Eespice, cui regnum 
 Italiae Romanaque tellus Debentur. 
 
 nbi stnt nescis. Aeneas had been sent to Italy by oracular 
 warnings, but had twice already mistaken their meaning, and 
 founded a city in the wrong country. 
 
 11. nova Carthago crescentia moenia. "When Aeneas 
 lands in Africa he finds the Tyrian settlers engaged in building 
 the new town of Carthage, Aen. 1, 423428, and he ex- 
 claims fortunati quorum jam moenia surgunt. This Vergil has 
 arranged to suit his own purposes ; but the truth seems to be 
 that Carthage was not founded till long after the period of the 
 Trojan war legend, and perhaps not more than half a century 
 before the founding of Eome. 
 
 12. summa 'chief power,' cf. M. 13, 192 dati summa 
 sceptri. Loers also quotes Plautus True. 4, 2, 15 solus summam 
 hie habet apud nos. 
 
 13 14. 'You are of a roving, discontented, restless nature. 
 Whatever you have accomplished you wish to abandon, and 
 ever look forward to something still to be done. No sooner 
 have you acquired one country than you must search the whole 
 world for another.' 
 
 15. ut 'ever supposing that,' cf. on 1, 116. And see 
 index. 
 
 habendam 'in possession,' see infr. 163. 
 
 18. quam iterum fallas 'to break as you have broken 
 before, ' fides ' plighted word. ' 
 
 19. quando : see on 1, 11. 
 
 21. ut, cf. on 13. Though everything turn out according 
 to your wishes, and the accomplishment of your prayers does 
 not keep you waiting, whence will you have a wife to love you 
 as I have done ? 
 
 o. 10
 
 146 NOTES. VII. 
 
 tua vota ' the accomplishment of your prayers,' the reaching 
 the destined Italian home. 
 
 [Palmer reads di tua votamorantur from Lennep, who argues 
 that a personal subject to morantur is required. To his illus- 
 trations of this he might have added Juv. 14, 250 jam nunc 
 obstas et vota moraris. Nevertheless this pregnant use of vota 
 for 'the accomplishment of prayers' is so much in Ovid's 
 manner that I should be unwilling to change without some au- 
 thority.] 
 
 25. inducto 'waxed torches tipped with brimstone' as ap- 
 pears from N. B, 373 non aliter quam cum summis circumlita 
 taedis Admotam rapiunt vivacia sulpuraflammam. Cf. Juv. 13, 
 145. 
 
 uror ' I am on fire with love,' cf. 4, 19. 
 
 27 30. ' Though he is unkind, and though if I were wise I 
 should care nothing for losing him, yet I do love him all the 
 same.' 
 
 27. male gratus 'ungrateful', see index for male. 
 
 30. peius : cf. on 6, 157, and see index. 
 
 31. nurui, i.e. herself, as having wedded Aeneas, the son of 
 Venus and therefore the brother of Cupid. 
 
 32. castris militet 'let him serve in your camp,' i.e. let 
 him be in love. Loers quotes Am. 1, 91 Militat omnis aman* 
 et habet sua castra Cupido. 
 
 33 4. 'Or at any rate let him, whom I have begun to 
 love (and I am not ashamed of the fact), afford a subject for my 
 passion, ' i. e. let him allow me to go on loving him though he does 
 not love me. The connection is 'let him fall in love with me 
 (31 2) or at least let him so behave as to allow me to love him.' 
 The editors all quote Am. 1, 3, 2 aut amet aut faciat cur ego 
 semper amem. Ah nimium volui! tantum patiatur amari. 
 We may quote verse 19 in the same poem to show more fully 
 the view meant to be expressed : the poets says to his unwilling 
 mistress Te mihi materiam felicem in carmina praebe etc. 
 ' Only let me have the privilege of singing of you, and I will 
 make you famous' etc. i.e. Suffer yourself to be the subject of my 
 love even if you do not return it. 
 
 ego is out of its place to mark the emphasis which belongs 
 to it, and draw the contrast sharply with ille in the previous 
 line. 
 
 [I cannot agree to retain quae for quern, and thus admit a 
 very awkward anacoluthon. Nor do I feel able to take Madvig's
 
 DIDO AENEAE. 147 
 
 emendation into the text, i.e. amorem for amare. The sense 
 seems to me complete without it. ' I am not ashamed to own 
 that I began to love him first, I only ask that he will let me go 
 on doing so.'] 
 
 36. matris, sc. Venus. 
 
 37 40. The idea is suggested by Aen. 4, 365 where Dido 
 says to Aeneas: Nee tibi diva parens, generis nee Dardanus 
 auctor, Perfide ; sed duris genuit te cautibus horrens Caucasus, 
 Hyrcanaeque admorunt ubera tigres. Cf. M. 9, 613 neque enim 
 te tigride natus: Nee rigidas silices solidumve in pectore ferrum, 
 Aut adamanta gerit nee lac bibit ille leaenae. Tibullus 3, 4, 85 
 Nam te nee vasti genuerunt aequora ponti...nec te conceptam 
 sacra leaena tulit, cf. also 10, 131 2. It occurs first in Homer, 
 II. 16, 33, OVK dpa ffoiye Trarrjp TJV Ivirlyra, HyXevs . . .ov5 G^rts 
 H'ffrilp' y\avKri 5t <re rlKre OdXatrffa ..irtrpal d' iJXi/Soroi. Cp. 
 Theocr. 3, 15. 
 
 403. He is again using Vergil Aen. 4, 309 quin etiam 
 hiberno moliris sidere classem Et mediis properas aquilonibus ire 
 per altum. 
 
 42. eversas is proleptic. ' See how Eurus is rousing the 
 waters and making them rough.' evertere aquas would be to 
 make the waves tumble. 
 
 43. malueram for maluissem, as we have erat and fuit for 
 essem: cf. on 1, 108. 'I should have preferred if I had had the 
 choice. ' 
 
 44. iustior' kinder.' See on 3, 133. 
 45 6. tanti 'worth so much.' 
 
 quid non tu reris inlque 'what is there that you do not 
 estimate wrongly ?' For the use of reor with the idea of 'esti- 
 mation' cf. Tr. 5, 6,35 elige nostrorum minimum minimumque 
 laborum Isto quod reris grandius illud erit. 
 
 [The readings proposed for this line are almost as many as 
 there are editors. The best MS (P) has quid non terreris, with 
 the first syllable of terreris indistinct, I have therefore guessed 
 tu reris as being the nearest to this word, which would have no 
 meaning.] 
 
 46. ut pereas depending on tanti, cf Am. 2, 5, 1 Nullus 
 amor tanti est abeas pharetrate Cupido Ut mihi sint totiens 
 maxima vota mori. dum me fugls : cf. Virg. Aen. 4, 313 Mene 
 fugis 1 
 
 47. constantia magno 'that will cost you dear.' dum me 
 careas ' so long only as you can get rid of me.' 
 
 102
 
 148 NOTES. VII. 
 
 vile ' of small account.' Cf. 12, 187. 
 
 49. ponent 'will subside.' The intransitive use of ponere 
 seems confined to this particular connection, Atn. 7, 27 venti 
 posuere. Ib. 10, 103 Zephyri posuere. 
 
 50. caeruleis : the colour attributed to sea-gods, and hence 
 to whatever belonged to them. M. 2, 8 caeruleos habet undo, 
 deos, Virg. 0. 4, 388 caeruleus Proteus. 
 
 Triton curret, i. e. there will be calm. The idea is from 
 Virgil Aen. 1, 144 147, where Cymothae and Triton busy 
 themselves with remedying the damage done by the storm, and 
 Neptune their father, after calming the disturbed waters, rotis 
 summas levibus perlabitur undas. 
 
 52. duritia : cf. 4, 85. 
 
 53 4. 'What would you have done if you had known 
 nothing of what the power of the angry sea was?' How ill is 
 it that you trust the water whose nature you have so often 
 learnt before ! 
 
 male ' to your own misfortune,' cf. 9, 99. 
 
 expertae : expertus as a passive seems nearly unexampled 
 before the Silver Age. 
 
 55. ut 'although,' as in 15. pelago suadente : the reverse 
 of pelago negante 2, 100. retinacula solvas : cf. sup. 9, 
 'hawsers.' 
 
 57 58. Cf. Hor. Od. 3, 2, 26 Vetabo qui Cereris sacrum 
 Vulgarit arcanae sub isdem Sit trabibus, fragilemque mecum 
 solvat phaselum. 
 
 59. laesus for laesus fuerit, see index under sum omitted. 
 
 60. Cytheriacls aquis. The sea near the island of Cythera, 
 Hes. Theog. 192 irparov d KvOypouri fradtouri Tr\rfr, tvBev, 
 tireiTa. irepifipVTOV hero 'Kvirpiv. 
 
 61 2. 'I fear that my ruin (wrought by you) may prove 
 your own, and that so unwillingly I may be the cause of your 
 destruction.' 
 
 63. sic melius, i.e. by your living with all the pangs of an 
 uneasy conscience. Ovid's Dido is no less eager for Aeneas' 
 punishment than Virgil's (Aen. 4, 382), but Ovid represents 
 her, with perhaps more of refinement though less of nature, 
 desire that his punishment should not be death but the pangs 
 that come from remorse, and the evil reputation of being the 
 cause of her death.
 
 DIDO AENEAE. 149 
 
 64. ferere 'you will be said to be.' 
 
 65. pondus 'significance,' see index. 
 
 66. quid mentis 'what will be your feelings? ' Of. 12, 5 
 quidquid vitae. 
 
 68. Phrygia fraude 'Trojan perfidy,' of. 1, 55. 
 
 69 70. In Virgil she threatens that her ghost shall haunt 
 him, Omnibus umbra locis adero, Aen. 4, 386. 
 
 71. What can make it worth your while that you should 
 then have to say 'I am guilty : pardon me !' ? 
 
 The use of concedite absolutely is not common. We 
 have veniam concedere Trist. 2, 44, and concede A. A. 1, 1, 
 523. 
 
 [The line as it stands in the text is due to the restoration of 
 Palmer, as should have been stated in the critical note.] 
 
 72. ' And that you should think that whatever thunderbolts 
 shall fall were aimed at you." 
 
 73. spatium 'a time to relax.' Of. Aen. 4, 433 tempus 
 inane peto requiem spatiumque furori, and inf. 178 180. 
 
 74. grande morae pretium : cf. Am. 3, 13, 5 grande 
 morae pretium ritus cognoscere. 'It is well worth while.' 
 
 75. curae : dat. of predicate, 'for a care.' Es omitted, see 
 on 59. 
 
 76. titulum 'the credit,' cf. 6, 100, a sense doubtless arising 
 from the custom of describing a man's exploits in the inscription 
 on his statue or tombstone, see 2, 67 74. 
 
 78. ereptos, i.e. from the flames of Troy. 
 
 82. primaque plectar ego 'nor am I the first to suffer at 
 your hands' : for que in the second of two negative clauses cf. 
 2, 90. Koby 2242. 
 
 83 4. mater lull, Creusa, whose loss is briefly narrated by 
 Aeneas, Aen. 2, 738 : 
 
 Heu! misero conjunx f atone erepta Creusa 
 Substitit, erravitne via, sen lassa resedit 
 Incertum; nee post oculis est reddita nostris. 
 
 85 86. 'You had told me this story; but (instead of 
 putting me on my guard) it touched me, as I deserved' it should. 
 The punishment I am going to suffer (i.e. death) will be too 
 light for my frailty.'
 
 150 NOTES. VII. 
 
 merentem seems a sudden outbreak of petulant self-con- 
 demnation for having been foolish enough to be affected by 
 the false story told by Aeneas as to the loss of Creusa. 
 
 ilia : that which is in my mind to inflict. 
 
 [This is a most vexed and difficult passage. For the various 
 readings adopted, see the critical note. If ure is to be read 
 instead of ilia,, which I now think probable, I believe it should 
 be translated ' burn me on my funeral pyre, ' not ' break my heart ' 
 as Palmer explains it.] 
 
 87 8. nee miM...quin...damnent: this refers to culpa in 
 the preceding line. My fault was great, but I am certain that 
 you too have offended heaven, else you would not be in your 
 seventh year of fruitless wanderings. 
 
 88. septima : Loers quotes Aen. 1, 759 nam te jam septima 
 portat Omnibus errantem terris etfluctibus aestas. 
 
 89 90. eiectum 'driven ashore.' Ovid is again using 
 
 Virgil (Aen. 4, 373) ejectum litore egentem Except et regni 
 
 demens in parte locavi; Amissam classem, socios a morte 
 reduxi. 
 
 91. officils 'kindnesses,' cf on 6, 17. 
 9396. Aen. 4, 160172. 
 
 95 96. 'I thought it was only the cry of nymphs, it was 
 really the shriek of the Furies foreboding my fate.' For the 
 presence of the Eumenides cf. on 2, 117. In both the other 
 instances in these epistles of ululare it is used in a sense not 
 joyful 2, 117. 8, 107. Nor do I think that it is so used here. 
 Dido's mistake was that she thought it was only nymphs, a less 
 dreadful omen than it really was. 
 
 97. 'Exact your penalties, violated chastity, and ye 
 shades of Sychaeus, to which unhappy one ! I go overwhelmed 
 with my shame !' Sychaeus the first husband of Dido to whose 
 memory she had resolved to be faithful. Si mihi non animo 
 fixum immotumque sederet, Ne cui me vinclo vellem sociarejugali, 
 Postquam primus amor deceptam morte fefellit. (Aen. 4, 15.) 
 It is her breach of this resolution which is weighing on her mind. 
 For pudor and pudoris see on 4, 155. 
 
 [This is another vexed passage, as will be seen by referring 
 to the critical note. Palmer supposes two lines to be lost. 
 Umbraeque appears to be a conjecture of Merkel's.] 
 
 99 102. Again from Virgil Aen. 4, 457 461. veUera alba : 
 the fillets (injulae) used to decorate a temple or altar on a festal
 
 DIDO AENEAE. 151 
 
 occasion ; it was made of wool dyed red and white, knotted at in- 
 tervals with a riband (vitta). See Rich. For oppositae frondes 
 Loers quotes Tr. 3, 1, 39 cur tamen opposita velatus janua 
 f rondel 
 
 106 7. ' The lover for whose sake I broke my resolution 
 was a worthy one,' cf. 4, 33 34. 
 
 107. ' The fact that you had a goddess to your mother, and 
 had been loyal to your father.' sarcina, see on 4, 34. 
 
 109. si fuit errandum 'if I was bound to go wrong.' 
 
 110. ' Only you keep your word, and I shall have nothing 
 to regret in it.' With pigendus understand error. 
 
 Ill 128. 'I have always been unfortunate; my husband 
 was murdered; my brother seized his goods; I am an exile; I 
 have built a city, but I am harassed by surrounding foes, and 
 plagued by suitors ; complete my misfortunes by giving me up 
 to larbas, or my brother.' 
 
 113. occidit internas 'my husband fell murdered at the 
 altars within his house.' Dido's brother Pygmalion killed her 
 husband Sychaeus, Aen. 1, 348 ille Sychaeum Impius ante aras 
 atque auri caecus amore Clam ferro incautum superat securus 
 amorum Germanae. 
 
 [Internas is a conjectural reading for in terras which 
 the best MSS. have : other readings proposed have been 
 Herculeas and Herceas. The principal objection to internas is 
 that interims seems a word characteristic of the Silver Age.] 
 
 116. hoste sequente ' pursued by my enemy,' i.e. my brother. 
 
 117. adplicor ignotis ' I land on unknown shores.' Cf. F. 
 1, 543 ecce boves illuc Erytheidas applicat heros. 
 
 118. litus emo: cf. A en. 1, 367 Mercatique solum, facti 
 de nomine Byrsam, Taurino quantum possent circumdare 
 tergo. Dido purchased so much ground as could be covered by 
 a bull's hide, which she then had cut into narrow slips, that 
 it might cover a wide range. 
 
 120. 'An object of jealous dislike to neighbouring coun- 
 tries,' cf. Aen. 4. 39 Nee venit in mentem, quorum con- 
 sederis arvis ? Hinc Gaetulae urbes, genus insuperabile bello, Et 
 Numidae infreni cingunt et inhospita Syrtis. 
 
 121. peregrina et femina 'both as a foreigner and a 
 woman,' i.e. by enemies and by suitors. For femina cf. 14, 55.
 
 152 NOTES. VII. 
 
 122. vix 'only just in time.' The surrounding hostile 
 tribes attack her and she has only just time to put up rough 
 temporary gates. 
 
 123 4. Aen. 4, 320 Te propter Libycae gentes Noma- 
 dumque tyranni Odere, infensi Tyrii... cf. ib. 535. 
 
 nescio quern : see on 3, 78. Gf. 13, 63. 
 
 125. Gaetulo larbae. larbas is the only one of Dido's 
 suitors named by Virgil, see Aen. 4, 36, 196 and 326 aut 
 captain ducat Gaetulus larbas. He was king of the Numidians, 
 and is therefore called Gaetulus from the Gaetuli, a nomad 
 tribe of Numidia. Juvenal calls Aeneas Zelotypo juvenis prae 
 latus larbae 5, 45. 
 
 127 128. frater, i.e. Pygmalion, see on verse 113. 
 
 129. pone deos 'lay by those gods,' i.e. which you brought 
 from Troy, cf. 77 8. 
 
 131 2. If they escaped burning only to be worshipped by 
 you, surely the gods will be sorry they did escape.' 
 
 133. Didon: the MS. authority seems in favour of this 
 form and not Dido for the accusative, cf. 7. Virgil seems not 
 to use any oblique case of the word; Conington looks upon 
 Dido in Aen. 4, 383 as a vocative. The gen. AtSous in Strabo 
 on the other hand would seem to point to Dido as correct. 
 
 forsitan : see on 4, 53. 
 137. parente 'mother.' 
 
 139. aed iubet ire deus 'but,' you say, 'the god bids you 
 go.' In Virgil Mercury is sent down to Aeneas to bid him 
 depart and go to Italy, Aen. 4, 219295. 
 
 140. Punlca 'Carthaginian,' so the people are called 
 Poeni. Both words are Latinised forms from $olvi%. 
 
 141. nempe : see on 6, 144 : it is here ironical. ' Is the god 
 you mean the one under whose favour you are tossed by contrary 
 winds and spend long years on the swift-flowing sea? ' i.e. The 
 god yon appeal to does not seem to be of much service to you. 
 Cf. 86. 
 
 143 4. 'It would have given you no more trouble to go 
 back to Troy, if Troy were still existing.' 
 
 145. SUnoenta: cf. 1, 33. Thybridas. Thybris is a 
 feminine adj. formed on the analogy of Argolis (6, 81),
 
 DIDO AENEAE. 153 
 
 Sithonis (2, 6), Tritonis (6, 47), Inachis (14, 23) etc. Some- 
 times it is used as the name of the river itself. Tr. 5, 1, 31 
 quotjlavas Thybris arenas... habet. 
 
 146. nempe ut 'and yet even supposing;' for ut see supr. 
 15. Nempe like scilicet has different shades of meaning 
 according to the context, in 141 it was ironical, here it intro- 
 duces a result not contemplated by the agent. So in 9, 41 it 
 may be translated 'little as you would think.' hospes 'a 
 stranger.' Not an honoured husband and ruler as you might 
 be at Carthage. 
 
 147. utque ' and considering how the land hides itself and 
 shrinks back from your ships.' Ovid seems to have in his mind 
 the words of Aeneas to Helenus, envying him his parta quies 
 as contrasted with his own hunt after a shore that ever seemed 
 to recede from him, Aen. 3, 496 Arva neque Ausoniae semper 
 cedentia retro Quaerenda. 
 
 148. tibi contlnget ' will reward your pains. ' Contingere of 
 good, accidere of bad luck. See Mayor Cic. Phil. 2, 17. 
 
 149. in dotem 'as my dowry,' Aen. 4, 103 4 liceat Phrygio 
 servire marito Dotalesque tuae Tyrios permittere dextrae. 
 
 ambage remissa 'your endless wandering o'er.' Ambages 
 (amb d/j.(j>i agere) is generally used in the sense of circumlocu- 
 tion. But Ovid elsewhere uses it of a path winding in and in and 
 crossing itself ; e.g. of the labyrinth, Met. 8, 161 ducit in errorem 
 variarum ambage viarum. 
 
 150. advectas Pygmalionis opes, see on 113. The ghost 
 of Dido's husband warns her to fly, Auxiliumque viae veteris 
 
 tellure recludit Thesauros ignotum argenti pondus et auri 
 
 portantur avari Pygmalionis opes pelago, Aen. 1, 358. 
 
 151. felicius 'with better fortunes than it had be- 
 fore.' 
 
 152. sceptraque sacra. The sceptre is called sacred 
 from the notion of kings being especially under the care 
 of Jupiter. 
 
 [Sisque is a conjecture of my own. For the variety of 
 readings, see critical note. None of them are satisfactory ; nor 
 do I expect my own to meet with much more approval. It has 
 the advantage of being easy ; but I am more inclined to be- 
 lieve that Ovid really wrote inque loco regis regia sceptra tene, 
 just as hi all probability in F. 6, 305 he wrote ante focos olim 
 longis considere scamnis. And Propertius (5, 4, 48), tu cape 
 spinosi rorida tergajugi, where see Paley's note.]
 
 154 NOTES. VII. 
 
 154. eat 'may go in procession.' Ovid is thinking of the 
 Boman mode of triumph. 
 
 156. caplt 'admits of,' 'has room for.' Of. Am. 3, 6, 86 
 nee capit admissas alveus altus aquas. A. A. 3, 365 parva 
 tabella capit ternos utrimque lapillos. 
 
 157. fraternaque tela 'the weapons of your brother Cupid,' 
 see 2, 40. 
 
 160. Mars ferus, &c. 'and may that fierce war be the limit 
 of your losses,' i.e. may you lose nothing more than you hare 
 already lost in the Trojan war. 
 
 162. molliter ossa cubent : a common poetical wish, cf . Virg. 
 Eel. 10, 33 mihi turn quam molliter ossa quiescant. 
 
 163. quae...habendam 'which gives itself up entirely into 
 your hands,' cf. supr. 15. 
 
 165 6. non ego sum Phthias...Mycenis 'lam not sprung 
 from Phthia (whence came Achilles), not from Mycenae, the 
 home of Agamemnon, nor have husband or father of mine been 
 your enemy.' Phthia or Phthiotis was the south district of 
 Thessaly. 
 
 For stetSrunt see on 2, 141, and for the sentiment see 
 Aen. 4, 425 Non ego cum Danais Trojanam exscindere gentem 
 Juravi, etc. 
 
 167. hospita 'hostess' 2, 1. Cf. on 6, 52. 
 
 170. dantque neguntque : cf. 2, 100. 
 
 171. carbasa: neut. plur. from carbasus fern., which is 
 from a Sanskrit word meaning ' cotton. ' 
 
 172. 'At present a mass of light seaweed hems in your 
 stranded ship.' A quantity of seaweed ashore is a sign of rough 
 weather at sea. Loers quotes Virgil 7, 590 Saxa fremunt 
 laterique illisa refunditur alga. Ham. 11. 9, 4 ws d' ave/Mi S6o 
 
 jrbvrov dptverov Ix&v6evra <t/ui$es 5 rt Ki~.ua KeXaivbv KopOtierai 
 
 Tro\\bv 5 iraptl- a\a <PVKOS ifxevav. 
 
 173. serius Ibis 'you shall go, but later in the season.' 
 The emphasis is on ibis. 
 
 177 180. The sentiment is again founded on Virgil 
 (Aen. 4, 433), Tempus inane peto, requiem spatiumque furori, 
 Dum mea me victam doceat fortuna dolere.... 
 
 siqua debeblmus ultra 'and by the further favours I shall 
 owe you if you remain.' Cf. 2, 110. [Palmer however explains
 
 DIDO AENEAE. 155 
 
 it as a reference to her loss of chastity supr. 5 6 and illustrates 
 by the words of Lucretia, F. 2, 825 hoc quoque Tarquiniis 
 debebimus 1 I prefer however the old explanation, nor is there 
 any necessity to change the word to praebebimus as Burman 
 did and Loers wished to do.] 
 
 179. uau 'by becoming habituated to the idea.' Am. 1, 8, 
 75 nullum patiendi colligat usum amor. Rem. 503 intrat amor 
 mentes usu dediscitur usu. 
 
 dum is not 'until,' which would require the subjunctive, but 
 'while.' 
 
 I now see that Heinsius had suggested the same emendation 
 as I have done in the critical note. 
 
 181. si minus 'otherwise' el dt M. Eoby 15635. 
 
 183. imago 'appearance.' 
 
 184. Troicus ensis. Aeneas left his sword with Dido, and 
 she had hung it up in her thalamus (Aen. 4, 495, 507) ; with 
 this she killed herself on the funeral pile (Aen. 4, 
 646665). 
 
 187 188. 'How conveniently does your present come in to 
 complete my fate. ! It is a cheap way on your part to provide 
 for my obsequies. ' For v. 187 cp. the Greek epigram "E/crup 
 Atavrt t<f>os tSiraffev, "Eicropi 5" Afos faffryp' d./j.<f>or4p<av 17 X&P 1 * 
 els 6a.va.rov. The point of v. 188 seems to be: 'truly this is a 
 cheap way of providing for a wife's obsequies you leave her a 
 sword.' 
 
 sepulchra 'funeral rites' not 'tomb,' see 10, 124. 
 
 191. culpae 'my frailty with Aeneas,' cf. supr. 86. Cf. 
 Aen. 4, 172 conjugium vocat, hoc praetexit nomine culpam. 
 
 Anna soror: A en. 4, 953. 
 
 193 4. ' I will not venture to be inscribed on my tomb as 
 the wife of Sychaeus, to whose memory I have not been 
 faithful as I had intended to be.' Cf. supr. 97 sq. 
 
 carmen 'inscription,' cf. 5, 28. 
 
 195 6. Ovid elsewhere nearly repeats this couplet A. A. 
 3, 39 et famam pietatis habet, tamen hospes et ensem Praebuit 
 et causam mortis, Elissa, tuae. And in F. 3, 549 the same 
 recurs word for word. (Loers.)
 
 VIII. 
 HEBMIONE ORESTAE. 
 
 HEBMIONE, daughter of Menelaus and Helen, growing up 
 during the absence of her father at the Trojan war and her 
 mother's flight with Paris, was betrothed by her grandfather 
 Tyndareus to Orestes son of Agamemnon. But her father had 
 meanwhile promised her to Pyrrhus, son of Achilles, and upon 
 his return bestowed her on him, rejecting Orestes on account of 
 his pollution by the murder of his mother (Eur. Andr. 977 
 981 Horn. Od. 4, 1 59.). In Euripides' Andromache we find 
 Hermione living unhappily with Pyrrhus, with just cause for 
 jealousy on account of his connection with Andromache. This 
 hint is enough for Ovid, as in the case of Briseis. He imagines 
 her from the first to have been attached to Orestes and to be 
 writing this letter expressing her misery, reproaching him for 
 not coming to rescue her and claim his affianced bride, and 
 declaring her determination to be faithful to him. 
 
 [Whether the legend had appeared definitely in the shape in 
 which Ovid indicates it is not of much importance. For he 
 treats the story quite generally, and makes Hermione speak 
 as any woman detained by one she detested from one she loved 
 might be supposed to speak. And there is no such appearance 
 of a conscious following of any model as in the case of most of 
 the previous Epistles.] 
 
 'EXepfl 8f deal ybvov OVKT tycuvov 
 firelSr) rb irpuiTov tyelva.ro ircud' fpareiv^v 
 'Ep/j,i&vr)v, rj tldos ?x e XP vcr ^ r l^ 'A<ppo8iri]s. 
 
 Odyss. 4, 12. 
 
 1. imagine patris ' after the likeness of his father,' cf. 12, 89. 
 
 2. contra iusque piumque 'against all justice human 
 and divine.' Cf. A. A. 1, 200 stabit pro signis jusque piumque 
 tuis. 
 
 5 6. quod potui ''twas all I could do,' cf. 10, 53 quae 
 possum. 13, 41 qua potui. 
 
 non invlta 'with consent on my part.'
 
 HERMIONE ORESTAE. 157 
 
 7. Aeacide: see on 1, 35. vindlce 'some one to claim my 
 freedom,' a legal term, see infr. 16 and 12, 158. 
 
 8. tlbi 'let me tell you' : ethic dative. 
 
 9. surdior freto : see on 3, 133. clamantem nomen 'as I 
 shrieked out the name of Orestes.' 
 
 10. inomatis 'disordered' 'disarranged,' more than 'not 
 adorned.' Cf. Am. 3, 9. 52 inornatas dilaniata comas. So 
 of Ceres in grief for her daughter, M. 5, 472 inornatos laniavit 
 diva capillos. Yet in M. 1, 497 it is merely 'not arranged,' 
 Spectat inornatos collo pendere capillos Et 'Quid si comantur?' 
 ait: so also in M. 9, 3. 
 
 11 12. Alluding to the constant habit of selling the women 
 of conquered towns as slaves or distributing them among the 
 victorious chiefs. See 3, 69. barbara : see on 3, 2. nurus : 
 'brides,' used generally for 'women,' cf. ex P. 3, 8, 10 Palladis 
 uti Arts Tomitanae non didicere nurus. 
 
 13 14. Achaia victrix, i.e. the victorious Greeks. Phryglas: 
 Trojan, see 1, 54. 7, 68. 
 
 15. pia 'natural' as from a lawful husband. 
 
 16. inlce manus. The injectio manus was the legal term 
 for the arrest of a defendant in a suit, who had been condemned 
 to a certain payment, and had not paid it within thirty days. 
 The prosecutor could then claim the person of the defendant, 
 who had no power of resistance except by appealing to a vindex 
 (see sup. 7). Cf. Am. 2, 5, 30 Iniciam dominas in mea jura 
 manus and 12, 158. Inicere not injicere is the correct form. The 
 preposition remains long though j is omitted, yet from Ovid 
 downwards even this was sometimes neglected, e.g. adlci. Eoby 
 144. 
 
 18. lentus ' patient and inactive ' 3, 22. 
 
 21 22. si socer...' If your father-in-law (Menelaus) had 
 been a reclaimer of a stolen bride after your sort, my mother 
 would have still been the wife of Paris, as she was before.' 
 
 si repetltor, sc. esset. For the omission of sum see index. 
 
 23. nee tu...pararis 'But do not you get ready.' mille 
 rates : cf. Aen. 2, 198 non anni domuere decem non mille 
 carinae. See on 13, 97. 
 
 25 6. sic quoque eram 'even so,' i.e. if you must needs 
 bring an army to do it. eram repetenda ' it was your duty to 
 have rescued me.' toro 'wife.'
 
 158 NOTES. VIII. 
 
 27 8. Atreus, son of Pelops, was father of Agememnon 
 and Menelaus. Helen and Orestes are therefore first cousins. 
 
 frater 'cousin,' Loers quotes M. 13, 31 where Ajax calls 
 Achilles frater as having the same grandfather Aeacus. See 
 also 14, 115, 117, 130. 
 
 30. Instant 'make a claim on.' offlcio : see on 6, 17. 
 
 31 32. me tibi. See introduction, neptls 'over a grand- 
 daughter.' nepos and neptis both refer to grandchildren or chil- 
 dren of a brother or sister. The same root appears in &ve\j/i6s. 
 
 33. at 'But it will be said,' introducing supposed objection : 
 often at enim, cp. the use of dXXa or dXXd vy A/a. Aeacidae, i.e. 
 Pyrrhus great-grandson of Aeacus, as his father Achilles, the 
 grandson of Aeacus, is elsewhere also called : cf. 1, 35. 3, 87. 
 
 inscius act! implies an answer to the objection. 'Yes he did 
 so, but it was in ignorance of what had already been done,' 
 i. e. that Tyndareus had already promised me to you. 
 
 34. 'Besides, as being the senior, my grandfather should 
 have the greater weight.' Thus Lennep and Jahn both under- 
 stand the line. Loers and Palmer refer quoque to prior, 'Let 
 my grandfather, who has the precedence in order of tune (i.e. 
 of betrothing me), also carry the preference.' I prefer the 
 former explanation, first, because it is simpler; and, secondly, 
 because it brings out more fully that inscius acti, though gram- 
 matically belonging to the subject of promiserat, is in sense a 
 separate sentence, and an answer to the objection introduced by 
 at. 
 
 35. mea taeda 'my marriage,' cf. 4, 121 taeda jugalis. 
 6, 134 taeda pudica, and cf. on 6, 42. 
 
 36. mini: the dative of the agent, 'by me.' Cf. 2, 115 and 
 index. 
 
 37 40. ' The love my father had for his wife Helen will 
 cause him to pardon mine for my husband.' 
 
 40. proderit 'will stand me in good stead.' mater amata 
 ' the fact that my mother was loved by him.' exemplo ' prece- 
 dent.' 
 
 41 2. Dardanius advena, Paris, partes egerat: see on 2, 
 78; the plural partes is always used in this sense. 
 
 43 48. 'And you are as good as Pyrrhus. If he boasts the 
 deeds of his father Achilles, you can point to those of Agamem- 
 non, who was the chief of all the chiefs, while Achilles was 
 only a subordinate. You can also claim Pelops as a grandsire
 
 HERMIONE QUEST AE. 159 
 
 and the father of Pelops, Tantalus, as an ancestor. And, if you 
 choose to make a still more particular calculation, you are fifth 
 in descent from Jupiter.' 
 
 The descent of Orestes was, Jupiter and Aegina (3, 73), Tan- 
 talus, Pelops, Atreus, Agamemnon, Orestes. 
 
 45. Tantalides: Agamemnon. So Orestes is also called 
 infr. 122. 
 
 46. dux erat llle ducum. Agamemnon was chief of all the 
 chiefs, aval- avSpuv. 
 
 48. melius : cf . 2, 7 Tempora si numeres bene quae numeramus 
 amantes, 'more closely' or 'accurately.' 
 
 a love quintua : cf. Persius 6, 57 quaere ex me, quis mihi 
 quartus Sit pater: hand prompte, dicam tamen: adde etiam 
 unum, Unum etiam: terrae estjamfilius. 
 
 49 54. ' You have shown your spirit also. It is true that 
 the duty you performed has brought on you some odium, and 
 I could have wished you a better subject for the display of your 
 powers. But still it was a duty, and you fulfilled it.' 
 
 She carefully avoids any direct mention of his mother Clytem- 
 nestra ; her death however necessary could bring only pain and 
 not honour to Orestes. To kill Aegisthus however was not only 
 his duty, but a deed of prowess. The rest is veiled under the 
 general term causa. 
 
 49. vlrtute 'personal courage.' invldlosa 'likely to cause 
 a feeling against you,' cf. 2, 145. She is referring of course to 
 his killing his mother as well as Aegisthus. 
 
 50. 'But what were you to do? 'twas your father put those 
 arms upon you,' i.e. the Manes of your father crying for 
 revenge forced you upon your task. In the Electra of 
 Sophocles and the Choephoroe of Aeschylus the action opens 
 with propitiatory offerings by Clytemnestra on the tomb of 
 her murdered husband ; and all through both dramas Orestes 
 is represented as acting in obedience to impulse from the 
 same direction. In Sophocles however he has no doubts as 
 to the righteousness of his cause and the absolute propriety of 
 the deed he has to do. This is the view Hermione here takes. 
 In the Choephoroe on the other hand Orestes is plagued with 
 doubts, which revive when the deed is done. And it is these 
 doubts which Hermione may be supposed to be here endeavour- 
 ing to quiet, as well as to be arguing against the representations 
 of his enemies. See Professor Jebb's interesting introduction 
 to Sophocles' Electra pp. xi xm.
 
 160 NOTES. VIII. 
 
 As to the form of the sentence, it really amounts to the pro- 
 tasis and apodosis of a conditional sentence under the guise of 
 a statement and a question. 'If your father did thus, you would 
 have done as you did. ' For which latter clause is substituted 
 'What were you to do?' or 'You should have done what?' cf. 
 10, 45. 12, 117, 146. 
 
 51. materia : cf. materiam caedis 3, 152. vellem 'I could 
 have wished,' i. e. if I had had any choice in the matter, fuisses : 
 dependent on vellem, cf. id velim mihi ignoscas Cic. mallem 
 Cerberum metueres Cic. Vin te faciam fortunatum Plaut. Eoby 
 1336. 1607. So with/acto.- see index. 
 
 52. 'You did not choose an object for the display of your 
 strength: it was assigned you by destiny' [or, by Phoebus, Eur. 
 Or. 28]. For operi cf. M. 8, 393 Discite femineis quid 
 tela virilia praestent juvenes operique meo concedite ! 
 
 53. bane tamen Implestl. ' This task however, good or 
 bad, you nobly fulfilled.' Hanc has some idea of disparage- 
 ment, cf. F. 4, 842, Eemus says contemptuously of the walls of 
 Romulus His populus tutus erit? Cf. infr. 104. 10, 104. Hence 
 she uses implesti which implies making good something lacking, 
 as if Orestes had made up for whatever was lacking in his cause 
 by the manner of his supporting it; cf. Tr. 4, 3, 73 Materiamque 
 tuis tristem virtutibus imple, where Ovid means that his friend 
 in interceding with Caesar for him is to make his own 
 excellences supply what is wanting in the goodness of Ovid's 
 own cause. See also on 6, 58. 
 
 55 60. ' With this deed Pyrrhus reproaches you, and 
 yet dares look me in the face. I rage inwardly when I hear 
 him, and long for strength and a sword to slay him.' 
 
 55. Aeacides : Pyrrhus, cf. supr. 7. 
 
 59 60. ' Has any one dared to utter a reproach against 
 Orestes in Hermione's presence, and I lack strength and a 
 sword?" 
 
 obiecit requires an accusative of the subject of reproach. 
 Its omission seems to add effect to the vehemence of Hermi- 
 one's feelings. As though she had said ' Has any one dared to 
 utter a reproach, no matter what or how small, against Orestes 
 in my presence?' An equally bold use of obicior occurs in 
 Am. 2, 7, 17 sailers ornare Cypassis Obicitur dominae conteme- 
 rasse torum, ' is reproached for having violated.' 
 
 vires, caedere or some such word understood, cf. 1, 109 
 vires peUtre.
 
 HEKM10NE ORESTAE. 161 
 
 01 64. ' At least I can weep. It is the only outlet for my 
 pent-up wrath. In this consolation I ever indulge.' 
 
 diffundimus : a metaphor from draining off and dispersing a 
 hody of water. Loers rightly shows that it expresses the full 
 meaning as defundimus could not do. Defundimus 'I pour 
 out ' is much less significant than diffundimus ' I disperse hy 
 pouring,' and so lessen and weaken, cf. Met. 9, 142flendo dolo- 
 rem diffudit. 
 
 64. perenne for perenni Ovid uses again in F. 6, 158; it oc- 
 curs also in Lucretius 1, 161. For explanation see note on 4, 34. 
 
 65 82. ' Can there be some strange fate that dogs our 
 race and brings it to pass that all the women of our family 
 should suffer violence? Not to mention Leda ; there was Hip- 
 podamia ; the first violent seizure of Helen by Theseus and her 
 second flight with Paris ; and now I am forcibly detained by 
 Neoptolemus.' 
 
 Tantalides is the plur. of the fern, adjective Tantalis, cf. 
 infr. 122, and must not be confused with the masc. patronymic 
 in 8, 45. matres 'matrons.' 
 
 69 70. Hippodamia was daughter of Oenomaus king of 
 Elis, who offered her as a prize to whoever should beat him 
 in the chariot race : this Pelops did, by the treachery of 
 Oenomaus' charioteer Myrtilus, and carried off Hippodamia, 
 who may be said to be rapta because she was won unfairly. 
 The course was to be from Pisa to the isthmus. The chariot 
 is called rotae peregrinae ' foreign,' because Pelops was son of 
 Tantalus king of Phrygia. Verse 70 is from Propert. 1, 2, 20 
 avecta externis Laodamia rotis. 
 
 distinct 'keeps apart,' cf. 12, 104. 
 
 71 2. Alluding to the carrying off of Helen by Theseus 
 when she was quite young, and the expedition of Castor and 
 Pollux to recover her, see 5, 126. They are both called 
 Amyclaeo from Amyclae near Sparta of which Tyndareus 
 was king. 
 
 Mopsopla urbe 'Athens.' So Triptolemus is called Mop- 
 sopius juvenis, M. 5, 66. And Mopsopios murox are 'the walls 
 of Athens ' M . 6, 423. And Seneca who is fond of imitating 
 Ovid calls the art of Daedalus ars Mopsopia, Hipp. 121. Attica 
 is said by Strabo (10, 18 and 23) to have been called Mopsopia 
 from an ancient king Mopsopus. 
 
 Taenaris soror: their sister Helen. Taenaris is simply 
 'Laconian,' a feminine adjective from Taenarum (Cape Mata- 
 pan), see on 6, and 1, 46. 
 
 o. 11
 
 162 NOTES. VIII. 
 
 77. Phoebe : Loers quotes Eurip. Iphifj. Aul. 49 eytvovro 
 iadi rpets irapdfroi, <bolj3ij, K.\vrafjiv^(TTpa T', ^UT) ^vvdopos, 
 re. This Phoebe, daughter of Leda, however is so seldom 
 mentioned that she was forgotten and the reading was changed 
 to Phaebique sor&r. Here as elsewhere Ovid shows the minute- 
 ness of his knowledge of Greek mythology. 
 
 79. scissa capillos: cf. 3, 79. non longos etiam turn 
 'which were still not very long,' i.e. because she was so young. 
 
 81 82. nam coniunx aberat is parenthetical. 'And lest I 
 should fail to be thought one of the family of Pelops I became 
 an easy prey to Neoptolemus, for my husband was absent,' as 
 Menelaus was when Paris carried off Helen. 
 
 Neoptolemus is another name for Pyrrhus ; which latter 
 does not appear in Homer. He was said to have been called 
 Pyrrhus from his red hair, Neoptolemus because he came late 
 to the Trojan war. 
 
 83. Pelides, i.e. Achilles, who was killed by an arrow of 
 
 Paris, which Apollo directed. Aen. 6, 56 Phoebe Dar- 
 
 dana qni Paridis direxti tela manusque Corpus in Aeacidae. 
 His death is not described in the Iliad, but Hector when 
 dying prophecies it (II. 22, 359) ifrian T<J> Sre KV <re Udpis KM 
 <t>o?|3os ' A.ir6\\wi> tffd\bv tbvr 6\^(ru<riv evl SKOI^ITI Tnj\Tjffi. The 
 most detailed statement in Homer as to his death is in 
 Odyss. 24, 36 97 : but there there is no mention of Paris or 
 Apollo. 
 
 84. proterva ' wanton and violent : ' with a reference to 
 sensuality, cf. 5, 136. Hor. Od. 1, 25, 1 2 Parcius junctas 
 quatiunt fenestras Ictibiis crebris juvenea protervi. So A. A. 
 1, 599 dicere protervius under the influence of wine. 
 
 85 86. nee quondam placuit, referring to the rage and 
 grief of Achilles when deprived of Briseis by Agamemnon. 
 
 86. sidus 'unfavourable planet.' The use of astrology 
 among the Eomans of the imperial period was very general, 
 see Mayor on Juvenal 14, 248. The influence of the planet 
 under which one is born is often referred to. Tr. 5, 10, 45, 
 duram Lachesin, quae tarn grave sidus hnbenti Fila dedit 
 vitae non breviora meae. Propert. 1, 6, 36 vivere me duro 
 sidere certus eris. Pers. 5, 45 Non equidem hoc dubitrs 
 amborum foedere certo Consentire dies et ab nno sidere duci. 
 The influence of one planet could counteract another, ib. 50 
 Saturmimque gravem nostro Jme franrjimus itna
 
 HERMIONE ORESTAE. 163 
 
 90. ' And though both are living still, I was already de- 
 prived of both.' Her mother Helen had fled with Paris, hei 
 father Menelaus was at Troy. 
 
 92 102. 'As a baby I knew no mother's fondling, as a 
 girl no mother's care; as a young woman no mother lovingly 
 prepared my wedding-chamber; I met Helen when she re- 
 turned, but I only guessed that it was she from her exceeding 
 loveliness; and she did not know me: the only happiness 
 of my girlhood was to have been plighted to Orestes ; him even 
 I shall lose unless he defends his rights.' 
 
 I think Ovid never wrote lines more simple and beautiful. 
 Te tamen esse Helenam quod eras pulcherrima semi, is an ex- 
 quisite touch. The girlish pride in her mother's beauty sur- 
 vives so much neglect and unkindness. 
 
 incerto...ore 'with a baby's imperfect words.' 
 
 93. 'I never tried to clasp your neck with arms too short 
 to go round it.' The tentative captavi and the epithet brevilms 
 vividly represent to us a pretty picture. 
 
 95. pacta 'betrothed,' see on 2, 34 [where it should have 
 been stated that the custom referred to was a Latin not Roman 
 one, and that it ceased when the Latins obtained the full 
 cimtas by the Lex Julia B. c. 90]. 
 
 matre parante. It appears that the mother was ac- 
 customed to carry the lectus genialis into the atrium on the 
 day of her daughter's marriage and prepare it. Cf. Cic. Chient. 
 5 14 itaqtie...lectum ilium genialem quern biennio ante filiae 
 suae nubenti straverat, in eadem donio sibi ornari et sterni 
 jubet. See Becker's Gallus Excurs. i. sc. 1, p. 166. 
 
 101. pars haec una: 'this one stroke of fortune in my life.' 
 bene cessit : securing Orestes as husband ' was one favourable 
 stroke for me. ' She is evidently using the phraseology of some 
 game of chance, see 4, 33. 10, 141. 
 
 104. hoc ' that is all the good I get from the destruction of 
 Troy.' For hoc see supr. on 53. 
 
 105. instat 'stands upon his car,' cf. Aen. 11, 529 
 sive instare jugis et grandia volvere saxa (velis). Instare 'to 
 press or hurry on' seems to be used absolutely (cf. Verg. G. 3, 
 106 illi instabant verbere torto), or with accusative of the thins; 
 pressed. Though in a hostile sense it takes the dative. Met. 
 12, 134 cedfntique sequens instat turbatque ruitque. 
 
 112
 
 164 NOTES. VI IT. 
 
 equis is for horses and chariot, then, for chariot alone. Cf. 
 ex Pont. 2, 8, 49 Sic tibi fraterni mature funeris ultor Purpureus 
 niveisfilius instet equis. i.e. in a triumph. 
 
 106. Though still unhappy I have then the luxury of more 
 freedom in my trouble.' Her lot is still an unhappy one 
 but it is more free in the absence of Pyrrhus. That she should 
 call her malum ' libcrius ', when she means that she herself is 
 ' liberior ' is intelligible. But Loers interprets it more literally 
 as = minus urgente. 
 
 109. lacrimis oculi funguntur obortis : 'instead of sleeping 
 as they should, all the duty that my eyes perform is to weep.' 
 
 fungi : so an altar is said fungi igne, F. 4, 824. A man is said 
 fungi dapibus, F. 2, 791. obortis 'that rise and cover them.' 
 Cf. F . 4, 845 lacrimas introrsus obortas devorat. Cf. 13, 23. 
 
 110. quaque licet ' and as well as I can , ' cf . 5, 55. 
 
 112. Scyria membra 'the limbs of Pyrrims,' who was born 
 and brought up at Scyros, of which his grandfather Lycomedes 
 was king. 
 
 117. generisque parentem, i.e. Jupiter, who was father of 
 Tantalus, great-great-grandfather of Hermione. See on 45. 
 
 119 120. 'By the bones of Agamemnon, which owe it to 
 you that they lie well-avenged as they do.' i.e. by your killing 
 of Aegisthus and Clytemnestra. 
 
 The distinction between ultus as a passive or a middle in 
 such a sentence is not vide. A person may be ultus 'in 
 a state of having had his vengeance satisfied' whether that be 
 by his own means or another's. This consideration may make 
 us hesitate to accept Palmer's decisive remark in favour of se 
 for sic. Moreover the passive use of the past participle of a 
 deponent verb is very common, and Facciolati quotes an un- 
 doubtedly passive use of ultus, though in a somewhat different 
 sense, Liv. 2, 17 ob iras graviter vitas. 
 
 sub tumulo ' under their funeral mound,' /3w/*<5s. 
 
 121. praemoriar 'die beforehand,' i.e. before you can 
 recover me. 
 
 122. Tantalidae Tantalls, see on 66.
 
 IX. 
 DEIANIBA HEBGULI. 
 
 THE last expedition of Hercules was against Eurytus of 
 Oechalia in Euboea. He took Oechalia, killed Eurytus and his 
 sons, and carried off his daughter lole. He stopped on his 
 way home at Cenaeum, a promontory of Euboea, and having 
 there built an altar to Jupiter, he sent Lichas to Trachis in 
 Thessaly, where his wife Deianira was, to fetch a white robe 
 wherein to sacrifice. Deianira had heard that Hercules had be- 
 come enamoured of lole, and she sent as a love-charm the white 
 robe dipped in the poisonous blood of the Centaur Nessus. This 
 letter is supposed to be written by her after sending the robe, to 
 reproach Hercules with his infidelity to her, and the shame which 
 he is bringing upon himself. At verse 143 she is supposed to hear 
 of the fatal effects of the robe, and of the approaching death of 
 Hercules. She thereupon resolves to die, and ends with a 
 passionate farewell to all that belong to her. 
 
 [In some respects this Epistle appears to me to be less 
 effective and artistic than the others. It is laden with learning 
 and allusion, and the long digression about Omphale (55 118) 
 seems a clumsy contrivance to bring in an enumeration of the 
 ' Labours.' In this passage, too, there are many minor irregu- 
 larities, e. g. no leas than four cases of hiatus; a doubtful use of 
 Nympha (103) ; a confusion of metaphors in legal matters in 
 which Ovid was well informed (107 8) ; very probably the un- 
 paralleled licence of tegendo (126) ; and many other minute 
 matters which might be alleged to make us suspicious of the 
 genuineness at any rate of the greater part of the passage from 
 55 to 118.] 
 
 [The Trachiniae of Sophocles supplied Ovid with much of his 
 material, though he would know the story from many sources. 
 We have also the advantage of being able to compare his treat- 
 ment of the same subject in Met. 9 ; as well as that of Seneca in 
 his Hercules Oeteus, who as in the case of the ' Phaedra Hip- 
 polyto' not only used the same materials as Ovid, but imitated 
 his treatment of them.] 
 
 1. titulis 'our honours,' from the practice of inscribing a 
 luau's achievements on his statue, see on 6, 100, cf. 10, 130 and 
 index. By nostris she associates herself with her husband's 
 actions.
 
 166 NOTES. IX. 
 
 Oechaliam. There are several towns of this name mentioned, 
 in Thessaly, in Messenia, and Enboea. The last is probably 
 meant by Ovid, following Sophocles Tr. 74 Eu/3oi5a xuptv (prujiv, 
 Eupi/roi; ir6\ii>, eirLffrparfveiv CLVTOV. 
 
 3. Pelasgiadas ' Grecian.' The Pelasgi were the most 
 ancient inhabitants of Greece, see 14, 23. The fern, adjective 
 Pi'lasgias is formed from Pelasyus as Lemnias from Lemnos 
 16, 139). 
 
 4. decolor ' disgraceful.' Ovid nowhere else uses the word 
 in any but a physical sense. Virgil (Acn. 8, 326) has Dcterior 
 donee paulatim ac decolor aetas, but that has reference to the 
 change from the gold to the bronze age. 
 
 factis infitianda tuis 'a report which your great achieve- 
 ments should disown,' i.e. one that is unworthy of a hero of your 
 mighty achievements. The facta are, as it were, personified 
 and stand for the man who accomplished them. Loers quotes 
 M. 2, 34 progenies Pliaetlion haud infitianda parenti : but his 
 explanation (quam negari dcbeat esse factorum tiiorum) is neither 
 good Latin nor good sense. 
 
 6. fregerit the subj., 1st because it is oratio obliq. dependent 
 onfama, and 2nd because quem= ' the sort of man whom.' 
 
 numquam fregerit ' has ever failed to crush.' 
 
 7 8. Eurystheus, king of Argos, at whose bidding Hercules 
 performed his twelve labours. He was from birth the rival of 
 Hercules, being ordained by the fraud of Juno to reign over the 
 descendants of Perseus (se*> Class. Diet. ' Hercules'), and there- 
 fore may be supposed to rejoice at any disgrace that befell him. 
 
 germana Tonantis...noverca, i.e. Juno. For noverca see 
 6, 126 and M. 9, 181 decet haec dare dona novcrcnm. For the 
 form of expression Loers quotes Aen. 2, 104 hoc Jthacux 
 velit et magno me.rcentur Atridae, and II. 1, 255 y Ktv yridr'/ffai 
 Hlpla/jLos Hpidfj.oU> re -ralSes. 
 
 10. ' Was not enough for the begetting of so mighty a one 
 as you.' tanti should mean ' of so great value' or ' price, ' and 
 is not easy to reconcile with the sense required. Most of the 
 old editors read tanta. 
 
 12. humili 'humiliating.' So pingite serum, pingue 
 flumen (Virg. G. 3, 406. A en. 9, 31) mean 'fattening,' 'ferti- 
 lizing.' Exsangue cuminum (Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 18), ' cumin that 
 makes pale.' 
 
 13. vindlcibus viribus 'your strength that had been its 
 protection,' so in Met. 9, 241 timuere dei pro vindice terrae. And 
 Sen. Here. Oet. 321 vindicem tellus suum defendet omnis. (Loers.)
 
 DEI AN IRA HKRGUL1. 167 
 
 14. qua ' wherever.' caerulus Nereus, i. e. the ocean. 
 M. 1, 187 Nunc mihi qua totum Nereus circumtonat orbem Per- 
 dendum est mortale genus: for caerulus cf. 7, 50, for Nereus cf. 
 3, 74. For this and following line cf. Seneca Oet. 3 4 protuli 
 pacem tibi quacunque Nereus porrigi terras vetat. 
 
 15. ' To you are owing the security to be found on land and 
 the (safe) state of the whole sea.' This is well enough implied 
 in tota aequora without changing to tuta, see on 7, 21. The real 
 difficulty in the line is that it seems to attribute to Hercules some 
 feats against sea-monsters or pirates, which are not elsewhere 
 recorded. 
 
 16. i.e. ' east and west,' Loers quotes Seneca Here. F. 1061 
 novit tuas utrasque domos. Here. Oet. 2 Sator deorum cujus 
 cxcussum manu Utraeque Phoebi sentiunt fulmen domus. 
 
 17 18. Cf. F. 1, 565 nititur hie humeris, coelum quoque 
 sederat illis. Hercules held up the heavens while Atlas went to 
 fetch the golden apples from the gardens of the Hesperides for 
 him. For one of the legends of Atlas see M. 4, 630662. The 
 correct form is doubtless A tlans, "A.r\avs hardened in oblique 
 cases into "Ar\avT-os, though probably the n was omitted in 
 pronunciation of the nominative. 
 
 19 20. ' What good are all your achievements except to add 
 greater notoriety to your shame, if you put a finishing stroke to 
 them by the stigma of seduction ?' It is true, as Palmer says, 
 that there was no stuprum in the case of lole ; but Deianira 
 believed that there was. See Met. 9, 141 credit amans veneris- 
 que novae perterrita fama Indulsit primo lacrimis flendoque dolo- 
 rem Dijfudit. For cumulas see 2, 57. It conveys the idea of some- 
 thing excessive or superfluous, cf. Eem. 541 dum bene te cumu- 
 les et copia tollat amorem. 
 
 21 2. tene ferunt ' can it be you that they say gripped 
 the snakes?' Cf. A. A. 1, 107 Parvus erat manibusque duos 
 Tirynthius angues Pressit et in cunis jam Jove dignus erat. 
 
 25. Stheneleius hostis, sc. Eurystheus, son of Sthenelus, 
 who was son of Perseus and Andromeda, see on 7. 
 
 27. quia nominer ' because, as they say, I am called the 
 wife of Hercules.' Nominer the subj. is evidently right here 
 because it is not her reason, but the reason offeror, i.e. of those 
 who say that she is bene nupta. 
 
 28. sitque socer qui, i.e. Jupiter. 
 
 30 2. magno... minor, i. . in regard to rank. The passage 
 of Callimachus (Epig. 1, 16) which Palmer quotes refers to 
 the man, whom it warns to wed within his own degree.
 
 168 VOTES. IX. 
 
 31. species ' mere show.' onus ferentis ' those who have 
 to bear it as a burden.' She means herself, but uses the plural 
 to make the statement general, vid. on 3, 43. There is some 
 slight play on the sound of the words honor and onus, as in 
 verba and verbera 10, 38. 
 
 35. operata ' busying myself with chaste prayers.' opera- 
 tus is peculiarly used of religious exercises. Cf. Liv. 1, 31 
 opfratum Us sacris se abdidisse. Fast. 2, 261 Nympha mone, 
 nemori stagnoque operata Dianae. Ib. 6,249 Vesta fave! tibi 
 nunc operata resolvimus ora. 
 
 38 9. iactor 'I am tossed in imagination.' terna per 
 ora: referring to Hercules carrying off Cerberus. Verse 38 refers 
 to three of the labours of Hercules his destruction of the 
 Hydra, the Erymanthian boar, the Nemeaean lion. 
 
 39 40. 'In my terror I try various methods of divination, 
 by the entrails of sheep, dreams, magic. ' 
 
 librae ' the entrails,' especially the liver, used in divination 
 by the haruspex. For a description of such a proceeding see 
 Met. 15, 573582. 
 
 simulacra somni : see 13, 111. 
 
 40. ominaque arcana nocte : witches chose midnight when 
 the moon was full for their operations, see a full description of 
 the doings of Medea in this way Met. 7, 180 192. She begins 
 her prayer to Hecate thus, 'Nox,' ait, ' arcanis fidissima,' &c. 
 
 41. aucupor 'I catch at,' cf. 13,107. Cicero has inanem 
 aucupari rumorem; it properly means 'to go fowling' (avis). 
 
 43 4. mater abest ' your mother Alcmena is away,' i.e. at 
 Tiryns ; Deianira is writing from Trachis. Amphitryon accord- 
 ing to most accounts was dead. Hyllus had been sent by 
 Deianira in search of his father, in accordance with a suggestion 
 of her maid. Soph. Track. 58 sq. 
 
 45 6. arbiter 'minister' or 'agent.' It is a bold use of 
 the word drawn from the meaning ' manager,' 'chief adminis- 
 trator,' cf. Tr. 5. 2, 47 arbiter imperil. 
 
 nobis sentitur 'is felt by me,' i.e. in imagination, as much 
 as though I were actually the object of it, cf . jactor in 38. For 
 sentitur cf. 6, 154. Nobis is dative, see 2, 115 and index. 
 
 47. paxum : cf. on 3, 25. 
 
 49 54. The loves of Hercules. A similar enumeration 
 is made by the nurse in Sen. Here. Oet. 365 sq., doubtless 
 taken from this.
 
 DEI AN IRA HE ECU LI. 169 
 
 Auge : daughter of Aleus, king of Tegea, whom Hercules 
 caught on Mt Parthenius, in Arcadia, and became by her the 
 father of Telephus. 
 
 Ormeni nymplia : Astydamia, grand-daughter of Ormenus, 
 king of the Dolopes. Ormeni is vocative of fern, patronymic 
 Ormenis. 
 
 Theutrantia turba : Thespis a king in Mysia, son of Teu- 
 thras, had fifty daughters who were bestowed on Hercules 
 as a reward for his slaying the lion of Cithaeron. 
 
 t>3. una : Omphale, queen of Lydia, to whom Hercules 
 was sent as a slave by Mercury, unde ego sum Lydo ' by whom 
 I have been made the stepmother to the Lydian Lamus.' 
 
 55 118. A digression on the subject of Omphale. Deianira 
 had heard that Hercules had submitted to the greatest ignominy 
 in her service; had been dressed in a robe of a wanton girl, and 
 worn her ornaments ; had been set to work at the loom, and 
 borne the scoldings and blows of his mistress; how could he 
 venture in such humiliating circumstances to speak of all his 
 mighty deeds ? Omphale has appropriated to herself the credit 
 of them all, and is the victor's victor : she was the man, since 
 Hercules failed to be one. 
 
 55. 'The Maeander that is so often a wanderer in the 
 same district, and who often sweeps round upon itself its 
 slackened waters.' 
 
 The Maeander, whose tortuous course has given a word to 
 our language, is often described, e.g. 
 Met. 2, 246 quique recurvatis ludit Maeandros in undis. 
 9,451 ...Maeandri totiens redeuntis eodem. 
 8, 162 Non secus ac liquidus Phryaiis Maeandros in arvis 
 Ludit, et ambiguo lapsu refluitque fluitque 
 Occurrensque sibi venturas aspicit undas 
 Et nunc ad fontes, mine ad mare versus apertum 
 Incertas exercet aquas. 
 
 Which Seneca has as usual imitated : Here. F. 633 
 qualis incerta vagus 
 Maeander unda ludit, et cedit sibi 
 Instatque, dubius litus an fontem petat. 
 
 56. lassas seems to refer to breaking or slackening of the 
 stream by the many windings. It has been commonly altered 
 to lapsas, which makes good sense enough, but is not necessary. 
 Loers quotes among other passages Lucan 5, 466 neuter longo 
 se gurgite lassat. And Met. 1, 682 In mare deducunt fessas 
 erroribus undas.
 
 170 NOTES. IX. 
 
 58. cut caelum : see on supr. 17 18. sarcina : see on 
 3, 68. 
 
 61 2. Ovid is using Sophocles Track. 1090. 
 
 w VUTO. KO.I ffrepv, <S 0i\oi fipaxioves 
 v/j,eis eKeivoi S-ij KO.riuTa.ff 01 ir6re 
 Ne/^eas &OIKOV, /SoufcoXwc dXacrropa., 
 \fovr, &ir\a.Tov 0pe/j./j,a KaTrpoff^yopov 
 /3iq. Ka.Tepydffa.ff0e. 
 
 And Seneca copies Ovid in this passage and Met. 9, 197 Ms 
 elisa jacet moles Nemeaea lacertis : see Here. Get. 1235 His lie 
 ego lacertis colla Nemeaei mali clisa pressi. Lennep. 
 
 nempe : see on 6, 144. 7, 141, indignation rather than irony 
 is expressed by it here. 
 
 63. mitra ' a woman's snood.' A scarf wound round the 
 head and tied under the chin. In Italy it was principally used 
 by aged people, Ov. F. 4, 517 simularat anum mitraque capillos 
 Presserat. In Asia it was worn by men as well as women, but 
 seemed to the Eomans a mark of effeminacy, Aen. 4, 215 
 et nunc ille Paris cum semiviro comitatu Maeonia mentum 
 mitra crinemque madentem Subnexus. 
 
 redimire ' to tie with its long ends. ' So the Latin Eemulus 
 reproaches the Trojans (Aen. 9, 616) et tunicae manicas et 
 habent redimicula mitrae. Seneca again copies Ovid H. Oct. 
 375 crinemque mitra pressit. 
 
 64. populus alba: \evKi). Theocr. 2, 121 "RpaicXeos lepov 
 epvos, so in Virgil, Eel. 7, 61. G. 2, 66. Aen. 8, 276. Hercules 
 is said to have made a wreath for himself of it on his way from 
 the infernal regions, a way of accounting for its use as a 
 prize-garland in the games. It is in this last capacity that 
 Deianira here calls it aptior to Hercules. So the youth in the 
 Nubes (1007), if he will listen to the 5tKoios Xd-yos, is to live in 
 the gymnasia ^u'Xa/coj 6{tav Kal airpa.'yp.oavv^ Ka.1 Xev/ojs <uXXo- 
 
 65 6. Maeonia ' Lydian.' The Maeones were the earlier 
 race supplanted by the later Lydians. Herod. 1, 7 says that 
 the people were formerly called Maeonians, but took the name 
 Lydians from Lydus the ancestor of their kings. Homer 
 knows only of the name 'Maeonian, ' II. 2, 8646 Mijovas 
 yyor viro Tfj.u\(f} yeyauTas. See llawlinson's Her. vol. i. p. 291. 
 
 incingi: cf. 4, 87.
 
 DEfANJRA HERCULI. 171 
 
 67. Diomede king of Thrace fed his mares with liuinan ncsh 
 (or 'horses' AT. 9, 104 Thracas equos humano sanguine pingues) ; 
 these it was Hercules' eighth labour to lead off or kill. 
 
 crudi 'savage,' an epithet doubtless suggested by the 
 horrible food of his horses, cf. Pont. 1, 2, 121 Non tibi 
 Thermodon crudnsque rogabitur Atreits, Quique suis homines 
 pabula fecit equis. 
 
 69 70. Busiris, a king of Egypt who used to sacrifice all 
 strangers, was killed by Hercules. Cf. Verg. G. 3, 4 quis uut 
 Eurysthea durum, Aut inlaudati nescit Busiridis aras? 
 
 nempe : see sup. 62. 
 
 71. redemicula : the ends of the scarf which formed the 
 mitra, see on 63. 
 
 72. molli 'effeminate,' so Tr. 2, 411 mollis Achilles. 
 
 73. loniacas, i.e. Lydian. Ionia stands generally for Asia 
 Minor. Ovid has nearly repeated the lines in A. A. 2, 219 
 Inter loniacas calathum tcnuisse puellas Creditur et lanas 
 cxcoluisse rudes. Paruit imperio dominae Tirynthius heros, 
 
 76. rasilibus calathis 'baskets made of smooth osiers.' 
 Ovid applies rasilis to a ' buckle ' in M. 8, 318 rasilis huic sum- 
 mam mordebat fibula vestem (radere ' to scrape '). The example 
 given by Rich represents the calathus ' wool-basket ' as very 
 much like an ordinary waste-paper basket. 
 
 77. ' Do you draw off from the distaff thick and clumsy 
 tlireads with your stalwart hand?' Just the reverse of the 
 effect of skilful manipulation, see on 3, 70. 
 
 78. aequa, i.e. like a slave girl who is required to produce 
 exactly the same weight as was dealt out to her. 
 
 79. torques : cf. M. 12, 474 columque, I, cape cum calathis 
 et stamina pollice torque. 
 
 81 2. scuticae habenis 'the thongs of the whip.' <TKV- 
 TIKOS leather, see Eich. It was less severe than the flagellum, 
 Hor. S. 1, 3, 119 Ne sciitica dignum horribili sectere fa.ge.llo. 
 And both these and the ferula were used for slaves, Juv. 6, 478 
 hie frangit ferula*, rubet ille fiagellis, Hie scutica. For severi- 
 ties to maid-servants see on 3, 78. 
 
 83 100. ' You tell her of all the monsters you have 
 conquered : the serpents throttled in your cradle ; the Ery- 
 manthian boar; the fierce man-eating mares of Diomede;
 
 172 NOTES. IX. 
 
 Geryon, the monster with three bodies ; the three-headed Cer- 
 berus ; the Lernean Hydra ; Antaeus, the son of earth ; the 
 Centaurs. Do you venture to tell of all these deeds dressed in a 
 woman's robe ? ' 
 
 82. The sameness of the ending of this line with that of 74 
 justly brings it into suspicion. The idea of it is that of a slave- 
 girl throwing herself at her mistress' feet to entreat to be spared 
 a flogging. 
 
 83. ' You told the utmost glories of your triumph with all 
 its splendid pageants and deeds which now you should disown,' 
 i.e. because in your present effeminate employment, cf. supr. 4. 
 
 exlmiis pompis is a descriptive ablative qualifying triumphi. 
 
 praeconia: lit. 'the proclamations of a praeco or herald.' 
 Ovid uses the word several times rather for the ' publication of 
 fame ' than for ' fame ' itself, Pont. 4, 8, 45 Carmina vestrarum 
 peragunt praeconia laudum. Tr. 5, 1, 8 ut cecidi, subiti perago 
 praeconia casus. Pont. 1, 1, 55 talia caelestes fieri prae- 
 conia gaudent. narrare praeconia therefore is not the usual 
 Ovidian use, nor indeed an intelligible one at all unless we 
 suppose praeconia to be used metaphorically for 'glory' or 
 ' splendour.' This and the unusual ablative eximiis pompis, 
 coupled with the fact that this verse and 81 are only written in 
 the margin of the best MS., make it very probable that the text 
 has been thrown into confusion and awkwardly patched by 
 some not very skilful hand. 
 
 85 6. scilicet 'to wit,' introducing an enumeration of 
 circumstances or details, see on 4, 21. 
 
 elisos faucibus ' throttled,' lit. crushed in the throats : abl. of 
 the part affected, see supr. 21, 22. Elisus expresses the effect 
 of a powerful grasp, M. 9, 197 Ms elisa jacet moles Nemeaea 
 lacertis. Lennep who reads cunis for caudis quotes Theocr. 
 24, 27 a(jL<p<a d fiapei ^ved^ffaro Sea-py \ 8pai-d/j.ti>os Qapvyos. 
 M. 9, 67 cUnarum labor est angues superare mearum. 
 
 infantem 'wound their coils round your infant hand.' C]>. 
 infantia pectora F. 6, 145, &c. 
 
 87- ut...lncutoat,..laedit: 'you tell how the Tegeaean boar 
 lies low and dints the ground with his huge weight.' 
 
 cupressifero Erymantho, for the hiatus see 4, 99 and infr. 
 131, 133, 141. Erymanthus is a high range of mountains in 
 Arcadia, famed for its wild beasts, Monstriferumquc Erymanthon 
 (Statius). Tegeaeus, i.e. 'Arcadian' from Tegea in the S.E. 
 of Arcadia.
 
 DEIANIRA HERCULI. 173 
 
 88. ora 'human skulls," of the bodies with which Diomede 
 fed his mares, cf. 68. The heads are nailed up over the doors 
 like the heads of wild beasts, cf. Eur. Bacch. 12, 12 a.lpta6w 
 Xafiuv TTIJKTUV Trpos ofoovs K\ifj.aK(j}v IT poffa/jfidfftis, us irciffffaXtvay 
 Kpa.ro. rpryXu</>ots roSe \OVTOS 8v irdpeifu Q^paao.a' yui. Loers 
 quotes Virgil's description of the cave of Cacus, Aen. 8, 196 
 foribusque adfixa superbis Ora virum tristi pendebant pallida 
 tabo, which Ovid has copied Fast. 1, 557 Ora super pastes 
 affixaque brachia pendent Squalidaqne humanis ossibus albet 
 humus. 
 
 91 2. armenti dives Hiberi ' rich in Spanish cattle.' 
 Geryones, a monster with three heads, was a king in Spain, or 
 as Ovid implies in F. 1, 542 of Erytheia an island in the straits 
 of Gibraltar, or the peninsula on which Cadiz stands. It was 
 his cattle that Hercules was driving off when some were stolen 
 by Cacus. 
 
 armenti dives, the genitive of respect, see on 1, 81 : it is 
 especially used with words expressing abundance. In the 
 same connection he constructs dives with abl. M . 15, 12 dives 
 ab oceano bubus Jove natus Hiberis, &c. But the gen. is 
 almost equally common in poetry, cf. Verg. Eel. 2, 20 qnam 
 dives pecoris, Eoby 1211, 1334. 
 
 9394. digestus: cf. 10, 67 'branching out into, ' separation 
 with connection is implied by this word, cf. M. 7, 773 septem 
 digestum in cornua Nilum. Cerberus is described by Virgil as 
 having snakes on his neck, Aen. 6, 419 cui vates, horrere videns 
 jam colla colubris, &c. For his three heads, cf. ib. latratu 
 trifauci, and Met. 7, 414 implevit pariter ternis latratibus 
 auras. 
 
 95 6. The Lernean Hydra, whose heads grew as fast as 
 Hercules could knock them off. Met. 9, 70 vulneribus fecunda 
 suis. For the position of ab and ipsa cf. 12, 18 and 13, 116. 
 And for the use of ab see on 4, 32, and index. Lerna was a 
 lake in the S.W. of the Argive plain ; it was drained by the 
 Argives ; hence the legend. 
 
 97 8. Antaeus, who recovered his strength directly he 
 touched his mother Earth. Hercules therefore held him away 
 from the ground to kill him. 
 
 99100. The Centaurs, who lived in Mt Pelion in 
 
 Thessaly. 
 
 forma bimembri...agmen equestre refer to their double 
 bodies, human and equine. The combat of Hercules with them
 
 174 NOTES. IX. 
 
 seems to be a separate legend from that of their fight with the 
 Lapithae. 
 
 101 2. Sidonio amictu, i.e. a robe dyed with Tyrian murex, 
 or purple. M. 10, 267 collocat hanc stratis concha Sidonide 
 tinctis. [Ovid seems to be borrowing the line from Propertius 
 who (4, 9, 47) makes Hercules say, Idem ego Sidonia fed 
 servilia palla Officia, et Lyda pensa diurna coin. (Loers).] 
 
 cultu ' dress. ' 
 
 103. lardanis : Omphale, daughter of lardanus, see on 5, 
 3. For nympha, which again is used somewhat loosely for ' a 
 bride,' see on 1, 27. 
 
 104. nota tropaea 'a well-known triumph.' Tropaeumis 
 properly the trophy of arms, etc. put up at the spot where the 
 enemy was turned to flight (rpfiru). It is used poetically for 
 any triumph, nota referring to the notoriety of Omphale's 
 conquest over Hercules seems singularly inappropriate, as 
 indeed does much of this episode. 
 
 105 6. i mine: see 3, 26. vir 'a real man.' For this 
 euiphatic use of vir cf. Cic. 2 Ph. 34 quod nonfecixti ignosco ; 
 vintm res ilia quaerebat. 96 ille vir fuit, nos contemnendi. 
 
 [The old reading quod for quum which both Palmer and 
 Merkel retain seems unintelligible.] 
 
 1078. maxime rerum: cf. 5, 125. 'And you are inferior 
 to her in proportion as it was a greater achievement to conquer 
 you than to conquer those whom you have conquered.' 
 
 109 110. ' The value of your achievements is now reckoned 
 to her credit : surrender your goods ; your mistress is the heir 
 to your glory.' 
 
 procedlt is used in a technical sense, in which it was among 
 other cases frequently employed in military affairs, of reckoning 
 pay or time of service, Liv. o, 7 aera multibus procedunt. But 
 there is no reference to military matters here. The words 
 rerum mensura tuarum and cede bonla very likely are, as 
 Palmer says, suggested by the legal process known as cessio 
 bonorum, which was an informal (extra jus) arrangement 
 ('composition with creditors') by which a man delivered all his 
 property to his creditors, thereby avoiding public bankruptcy 
 (emptio bonorum), and securing some small fragment of his 
 property. The words heres laudis however introduce a new 
 metaphor; and we must conclude that it is not possible to push 
 too closely metaphorical language suggested to the poet from 
 various quarters, and quite intelligible, though involving a con- 
 fusion of metaphors.
 
 DEI A NIB A HERCULL 175 
 
 111. costis exuta, between this reading and coslas it is 
 perhaps difficult to decide. On the one hand the MSS. are all 
 for costos. On the other Madvig seems right in assuming that 
 exutux has the accus. only when used hi middle sense He 
 refers us to his Lat. Gr. 237. 
 
 112. molle, i.e. a woman's. 
 
 114. feri. Ovid several times uses ferus instead of jera, 
 F. 1, 550 traxerat aversos Cacus in antra fcros. Cp. Verg. 
 Aen. 2, 51. 
 
 119. audieram ' I had only heard,' i.e. not seen. 
 
 120. mollis 'softened.' Hor. A. P. 180 segnius irritant 
 animos demissa per aures Quam quae sunt oculis subjecta 
 fidelibus. Pont. 3, 4, 21 Scilicet affectus similes, aut impetus 
 idem Rebus ab auditis compicuisque venit? 
 
 123. non sinis avert! 'you do not allow me to avert my 
 eyes ; ' lit. ' to turn oneself away.' Of. M. 5, 214 sibi proximo, 
 tangit Corpora : marmor erant. Avertitur, atque ita supplex Con- 
 fassasque manus tendens, &c. The full phrase is avertere vul- 
 'tum, cf. Am. 3, 9, 45. 
 
 126. 'Confessing her change of fortune, while her face 
 tries to hide it.' i.e. Her disorderly appearance shows that she 
 is a captive while she still tries to maintain an impassive look. 
 
 [This seems the only meaning to be got out of the line as it 
 stands, and as it appears in the best MS. ; but it is very far- 
 fetched for Ovid. Lennep's emendation decente makes all 
 things easy ; but is on that account to be received with caution. 
 The common reading tegendo is objectionable on the score of 
 prosody, and gives after all a very weak meaning.] 
 
 128. qualiter : cf. supr. 59. sublimls 'high on her triumphal 
 car as though Hercules had been conquered," cf. Tr. 4, 2, 27 
 Hie qui Sidonio fidget sublimis in astro, Duxfuerat belli. Subli- 
 mis has a double reference (1) to the lofty car, (2) to her exul- 
 tation of mind, cf. 12, 179. 
 
 131. Aetolide Delanlra. Deianira was daughter of Oeneus, 
 king of Calydon in Aetolia. Soph. Tr. 1 AtVwXis ywq. For 
 the hiatus, see supr. 87. 
 
 133. Eurytidos 'of Eurytis,' i.e. daughter of Eurytus. in- 
 sanl Alcidae 'mad Hercules.' Perhaps the worst breach of artistic 
 propriety to be found hi this letter, which is full of them. So 
 that one would be glad enough to accept Aonii if it had any 
 authority ; but in such an absolute unanimity of MSS. and old 
 edd. , a guess however plausible is to be received with extreme 
 caution. If Aonii is accepted it will mean 'Boeotian,' Aonia 
 being the ancient name of Boeotia. Hercules is called Aonius 
 hi M. 9, 112.
 
 176 NOTES. IX. 
 
 135. perambulat artus: cf. Sen. Here. 0. 706 vagus per 
 artus errat excussus tremor. 
 
 137. cum multis 'among your many amours.' 
 
 139 140. Hercules fought for the possession of Deianira 
 with Achelous, who took the form of a bull. In the contest 
 one of the hull's horns was hroken off, the Naiads picked it up 
 and filling it with fruit and flowers made it into a Cornucopia. 
 Met. 9, 85: 
 
 Nee satis hoc fuerat : rigidum fera dextera cornu 
 Dum tenet infregit, truncaque afronte revellit. 
 Naiades hoc, pomis et odoro flore repletum, 
 Sacrarunt divesque meo Bona Copia cornu est. 
 
 legit 'picked up.' 
 
 141 2. Nessus the Centaur undertook to carry Deianira 
 over the river Evenus, hut in the middle of the stream offered 
 her violence, and was shot by Hercules. Met. 9, 104 133. 
 
 sanguis equinus, i.e. the blood of the Centaur Nessus, 
 cf. 100. 
 
 letlfero Eueno : for the hiatus see above 87. The Evenus is 
 in Aetolia (mod. Fidhari). 
 
 144. tunicae tabe : the shirt steeped in the blood of 
 Nessus, which was mixtus Lernaei tabe veneni, M. 9, 130 : and 
 which she imagined to be a love-charm, dat munus raptae velut 
 irritamen amoris, ib. 133. perire 'that my husband is perish- 
 ing.' Hercules did not die at once, but was in his lacerated 
 state brought to Trachis. 
 
 147. Oeta. The range of mountains between Thessaly and 
 Locris, through which the only pass is that of Thermopylae. 
 Thither Hercules went from Trachis to die and be burned. 
 
 149. siquid facti, partitive gen. Cf. 7, 66 quid mentis. 
 4, 152 siquid certi. 
 
 151. Meleagre : see on 3, 95. 
 
 153 4. Agrios the brother of Oeneus deprived him of his 
 throne for a tune, until he himself was slain by Diomede grand- 
 son of Oeneus. devota domus : for Ovid's fatalism see 4, 53 and 
 index. 
 
 155. Tydeus, son of Oeneus and father of Diomede; in 
 consequence of some murder he fled to Argos, where Adrastoa 
 received him and gave him his daughter Deiphyle.
 
 DEI AN IRA HERCULT. 177 
 
 157. mater. Althea, who killed herself in remorse for 
 having been the cause of her son Meleager's death. 
 
 1612. See on 144. 
 
 165. Gorge. This mention of Deianira's sister is another 
 instance of Ovid's curious knowledge of mythology. She is men- 
 tioned in Apollodorus as having married Andraeinon. 
 
 166. frater. Meleager. 
 
 168. sed o possit : i.e. valere. On this double meaning ot 
 valere see on 4, 1. Hyllus was ordered by his father on his 
 deathbed to marry lole. 
 
 AEIADNE THESEO. 
 
 MINOS king of Gnosus in Crete exacted a cruel tax from 
 Athens. Seven youths and seven maidens were every nine 
 years (according to Diodorus) to be sent by the Athenians to be 
 devoured by the Minotaur. Theseus son of king Aegeus was 
 among the second batch. On his arrival at Crete he gained 
 the love of the king's daughter Ariadne, who betrayed to him 
 the clue whereby to guide himself through the Labyrinth. 
 Theseus killed the Minotaur, and fled with Ariadne. But having 
 landed on Naxos, on their voyage home, ho abandoned her in 
 the night and went on to Athens by himself. Ariadne is sup- 
 posed to write this letter to him in her first anguish at being 
 deserted on a strange island, far from her own home, which 
 she had abandoned for his sake. 
 
 [The story of Ariadne had been told by many writers with 
 great variety of detail. It seems to have been especially 
 interesting to Ovid, for he three tunes treats it at some length, 
 though in each case taking a different phase of it. Here we 
 have the simple tale of Ariadne's desertion; in the A. A. 1, 
 517 564 he tells how Bacchus came to her relief and wedded 
 her ; in Fast. 3, 461 516 we find her again deserted by 
 Bacchus, but finally removed to the heavens and transformed 
 into a constellation by that god. Apollodorus, whom Ovid 
 often uses, had a full account of it, but that portion of his 
 work has been lost. Homer, Odyss. 11, 320 5, has a some- 
 what different version of the story : 
 
 o. 12
 
 178 NOTES. X. 
 
 Qa.lSpT)i> Te /ecu Hp&Kpiv re i!5oi> KaXrjv r 'AfppoSirTjv 
 
 Kotipyv Mfcwos 6\o6(ppovos, TJV wore G^treus 
 
 K KpijTT/s Is fovvbv 'A6rji>dwv lepduv 
 
 tjye jjv, ofiS' dir6vr)ro' Trapes 5^ fuv "Apre/uj IKTO. 
 
 Aiy tv d/j.(f>Lpisr-[i A.tovvffov /j.aprvpi-g<nv.] 
 
 2. credlta eram for essem, see on 1, 108 and index. 
 ulli : sc. ferae. 
 
 6. per faclnus ' wickedly :' so per scelus, per vim, per 
 ojficia (Loers). Cf. per moras 2, 94. per insidias 1, 99. 
 
 8. et tectae fronde queruntur aves ' and when the birds 
 are piphig, still sheltered 'mid the leaves,' i. e. before they 
 have begun to fly about. Cp. ' The earliest pipe of half- 
 awakened birds.' (Tennyson.) 
 
 9 10. a somno languida seems to combine the ideas of 
 'from sleep' as a cause, and 'after sleep.' Cf. infr. 138, and 
 index. Eoby 1811. 
 
 incertum vigilans, Loers quotes Hor. S. 2, 5, 100 cerium 
 vigilans. 
 
 movl manus. Cp. Tennyson's 'In memoriam': 
 ' Tears of the widower, when he sees 
 A late-lost form that sleep reveals 
 And moves his doubtful arms, and feels 
 Her place is empty, fall like these.' 
 
 semisupina 'half turning on my side.' Am. 1, 14, 20 Saepe, 
 etiam nondum digestis mane capillis, Purpureo jacuit semi- 
 supina toro. The MSS. all have semisopita, but there is no 
 authority for shortening the first syllable of sopio. 
 
 16. utque erat ' just as it was,' without stopping to tie it 
 up. A favourite expression with Ovid, A. A.I, 529 Utque erat e 
 somno tunica velata recincta, Nuda pedem, croceas inreligata 
 comas Thesea crudelem surdas clamabat ad undas. M. 4, 474 
 Tisiphone canos ut erat turbata capillos Movit. Ib. 9, 113 l/o,r 
 ut erat pftaretraque gravis spolioque leonis. Ib. 12, 22 ille ut 
 erat virides amplexus in arbore ramos Fit lapis. F. 1, 503 
 ntque erat immissis puppim stetit ante capillis. Ib. 5, 455 
 Inde domum redeunt sub prima crepuscula maesti, Utque erat 
 in duro procubuere toro. The Greek ws et^f answers to this use. 
 
 25 6. Cf. 2, 121. nine 'from this there is an overhanging 
 projection of rock fretted below by moaning billows.' Loers 
 ops. M. 11, 783 Dixit et e scapula quern rauca subederat unda
 
 ARIADNE THESEO. 179 
 
 Se dedit in pontam. Rauca is an appropriate epithet in both 
 passages from the specially moaning sound produced by a 
 wave running into hollowed rocks. 
 
 28. metier ' I take in the broad seas in every direction in 
 my view.' metior (1) I measure. (2) Metaphorically with the 
 eyes, as here, or with the mind as in If. 2, 187 multum caell 
 post terga relictum, Ante oculos plus est. Animo metitur utr uni- 
 que. (3) ' to go over,' M. 9, 447 celerique carina Aegeas metiris 
 aquas. 
 
 31. ' I either did actually see them, or at any rate when I 
 thought I saw them I turned colder than ice and half- dead.' 
 
 36. numerum suum ' its full number :' used especially of a 
 ship's crew, as Burmann shows from Cic. Verr. 5, 51 si suum 
 numerum naves haberent. 
 
 38. verbera cum verbis : for the paronomasia see on 9, 31 
 onus and honor, and infr. 82 mora mortis. It is rather the case 
 of one word suggesting the other unconsciously than a deliberate 
 play on words, though it is used as a conscious pun in the 
 Comedians. See Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 13. Ter. Haut. 356. 
 
 41. velamina: plur. for sing, 'a veil.' It is a general term 
 for any loose covering. Thisbe drops it on her night, M. 4, 101. 
 Of. F. 6, 579 vultus velamine celat amatos. 
 
 42. scilicet belongs closely to oblitos ' those who had for- 
 gotten me,' as I tried to believe, whereas in real truth they h&d 
 purposely abandoned me. See on 4, 21. 
 
 43 4. turn denique ' then and not till then :' turn demum 
 is the more usual phrase. Of. nunc denique 12, 105. 
 
 genae ' eyeballs.' Pont. 2, 8, 66 patiar fossis lumen abire 
 genis. torpuerant: cf. Pont. 1, 2, 29 fine carent lacrimae nisi 
 cum stupor obstitit illis: Et similis morti pectora torpor habet. 
 
 45 6. quid facerent.-.desierant : see on 8, 60 for the 
 construction. 
 
 48. Ogygio deo: Bacchus. Ogygius means 'Theban.'from 
 Ogyges a mythical king of Thebes. Bacchus is Theban from 
 his mother Semele the daughter of Cadmus. Ovid has 
 employed the simile of the Bacchanal before, see 4, 47, and he 
 again does so in 13, 33. Cf. A. .4.1, 312 fertur ut Aonio con- 
 cita Bacclwi deo. 
 
 53. quae possum "tis all I can touch in room of thee' 
 qua possum 13, 41, 'as best I can :' cf. quod potui 8, 5, : 'twas 
 all I could.' 
 
 58. ubi : cf. 4, 150. 
 
 122
 
 180 NOTtiti. X. 
 
 60. hominum . . .facta bourn : Burmann quotes Horn. Od. 10, 
 98 ivOa. /j.ei> o0re flow, oflr' dvdpuit Qaivero Zpya. 
 
 61 2. nusquam, sc. est. ambiguas 'dangerous, 1 cf. M. 15, 
 338 est lacus Arcadiae...ambiguis suspectus aquis, quas nocte 
 timeto. 
 
 64. quid sequar ? ' What object am I to make for?' 
 
 65 6. ut ut : 'even supposing,' see on 1, 116 and 
 
 index. 
 
 Aeolus, the god of the winds, Aen. 1, 52 vasto rex Aeolus 
 antro Luctantes ventos tempestatesque sonoras Imperio premit ac 
 vinclis et careers frenat. 
 
 67 8. digesta: see on 9, 93. Crete is said to be separated 
 into a hundred cities because each city was an independent 
 community with separate laws and government. The exact 
 number of these states however is not so certain. Homer II. 
 2, 649 calls Crete ^KaT6/MroXis. Of course the Eoman poets 
 follow him, and we have Virgil's centum urbes habitant magnas, 
 uberrima regna Aen. 3, 106: and Horace's centum nobilem, 
 Cretam urbibus, Epode 9, 29. But in the Odyssey the number 
 is said to be ninety, 19, 174 tv 6' avffpuTroi wo\\ol, direipfffiw, 
 Kal ivvijKOVTa. ir&\i}S. 
 
 puero cognlta terra lovi : referring to the tradition of the 
 birth of Jupiter and his concealment near Lyctos, on Mt Dicta 
 in Crete, which Ovid accordingly calls (4, 163) Jovis insula. 
 
 69. iusto regnata parent! 'governed by my just father.' 
 Ovid seems to refer to Minos who became a judge in the infernal 
 regions. But this Minos was great-grandfather to Ariadne, 
 her father Minos being, according to tradition, grandson of 
 the other. For the dative parenti Loers quotes A en. 3, 14 acri 
 quondam regnata Lycurgo. For the dative of the agent after 
 passive participle or gerundive, cf. 2, 115. 8, 36. Roby 1146. 
 
 71. tecto recurvo: the Labyrinth. Cf. 4, 60, and infr. 128. 
 It was made by Daedalus wherein to keep the Minotaur. 
 
 72. According to Virgil Daedalus himself gave Theseus the 
 clue in pity for Ariadne's love, A en. 6, 28 Magnum reginae sed 
 enim miseratus amorem Daedalus ipse dolos tecti ambagesqiie 
 resolvit Caeca regens Jllo vestigia. 
 
 73. per ego ipsa pericula iuro. This position of the pro- 
 nouns was common in oaths, and solemn formulae of the like 
 sort. Cf. F. 2, 841 per tibi ego hanc juro fortem castumque 
 cruorem.
 
 ARIADNE THESEO. 181 
 
 76. sepulta ' consigned to gloom and oblivion.' Cf. Pont. 
 1, 5, 85 vosqite, quibus perii, tune cum mea fama sepulta est, 
 ' was as good as buried.' 
 
 77. fratrem : the Minotaur, mactasses ' you should have 
 slain:' so in 12, 15 isset 'he should have gone,' or ' Oh that 
 you had slain !' 'Oh that he had gone !' 
 
 78. 'The pledge which you had given would have been 
 ' redeemed,' because he had sworn that she should be his while 
 they both lived ; if she died therefore he would be free.' solvere 
 fldem (1) 'to keep one's word' from the notion of 'paying' 
 involved in solvere, (2) to be free, by having fulfilled an engage- 
 ment. In 7, 9 solvere foedus means 'to break an engagement.' 
 
 79 80. ' I call to mind not only the things which I personally 
 am to suffer but everything that any woman thus abandoned 
 might possibly encounter.' The indicative is used because there 
 is no doubt of these dangers existing and she has the picture of 
 them vividly before her mind. 
 
 79. recorder, 'turn over in my mind,' used of the future 
 is rare. 
 
 82. mora mortis : see on 38. 
 
 85 6. Dia is the old name of Naxos. Diod. Sic. 4, 61 
 KdTjjptv Jj vijffov Trjv irort fitv Alar, vvv 8i Ndfov trpoffayopfvo- 
 fdvrjv. A. A. 1, 528 Gnosis in ignotis amens errabat arenis Qua 
 brevis aequoreis Diaferitur aquis. Cp. Theocr. 2, 46. 
 
 [I regard this restoration of Heinsius as almost certain. 
 Qui* scit an et saevas tigridas insula habet is intolerable, princi- 
 pally because of habet, which should be habeat. The argu- 
 ment from the metrical irregularity of insula habet at the end 
 of the pentameter is strong, but still such an ending may be 
 paralleled in Ovid, see Tr. 4, 1, 54 quadrijugos cernes saepe 
 register e equos.] 
 
 88. gladlos. It has been suggested this should be trans- 
 lated ' swordfish,' a sense in which the word occurs in Pliny 
 H. N. 9, 54. 32, 15, the Greek i<^oj. But to say nothing of 
 the fact that Ariadne would have nothing to fear from sword- 
 fish while she remained on shore, the next verse shows that 
 she is referring to the 'swords' of men. She prefers, she says, 
 to be killed rather than taken captive and made a slave. Gf. 
 Tr. 1, 11, 25 Attigero portum, portu terrebor ab ipso : Plus 
 habet infesta terra timoris aqua. Nam simul insidiis hominum 
 pelagique laboro Et faciunt geminos ensis et unda metus. Two 
 dangers which he again classes together, ib. 3. 2, 25 Cur ego tot 
 gladioifugi totiensque minataObruit infelix nullaprocella caput?
 
 182 NOTES. X. 
 
 90. pensa : cf. on 3, 75. serva as an adjective, cf. Am. 1, 6, 
 26 nee tibi perpetuo serva bibatur aqua, and Horace's Oh 
 imitatorum servum pecus. 
 
 This was the common way of employing captive girls, 
 see 9, 7382, and Eur. Bacch. 514 where Pentheus threatens 
 to enslave the women who join in the revel ^0' Iffrots 
 
 91. fllia Phoebi, Pasiphae. 
 
 95. caelum restabat ' There only remained the sky for me 
 to try,' i.e. lean only hope to escape by flying. Cf. 6, 161 
 where though an actual occurrence is referred to, yet escape by 
 flight is thought of as the last resource of despair. 
 
 timeo simulacra deorum, i. e. (when I think of flight) ' phan- 
 toms of the Gods dismay me.' simulacra is used in these 
 epistles for the phantoms seen in dreams 9, 39. 13, 111. The 
 line has been objected to on the ground that the sense requires 
 some reference to the state of the island, and that a sudden 
 reference to the sky and to phantoms was out of place. But 
 the sequence of thought is quite just. ' Whether I try sea or 
 land tbe dangers of either appal, if I think of the sole remain- 
 ing means of flight, the air, I am equally terrified by dim 
 phantoms.' [As in the passage from Ep. 6, quoted abore 
 Quum mare quiim terras consumpserit aera temptet.] Then in 
 despair she concludes ' so then I must be left here a prey to 
 wild beasts.' 
 
 97. sive, referring to feris. ' If on the other hand there 
 are human inhabitants, I feel no confidence in them either.' 
 
 98. externos : because Theseus was a foreigner. 
 
 99 100. Androgeos brother of Ariadne, who going to 
 Athens and joining in the games of the Panathenaea and 
 proving successful, was treacherously and from envy killed at 
 the suggestion of Aegeus. It was on this account that Minos 
 warred on Athens and laid upon it the contribution of young 
 men and maidens to the Minotaur. 
 
 Cecropi, voc. of Cecropis, cf. Inachi 14, 105 &c. 
 
 102. parte vlrum parte bovem, the Minotaur, ardua ' up- 
 raised to strike,' an appropriate word to the action in using a 
 club, as adductas, which refers to another part of the same 
 action (adductaque clava trinodis F. 1, 575), viz. the drawing 
 back the hand when raised ; Milton's ' heaved stroke. ' 
 
 104. ' The clue repeatedly passed through your hands one 
 over the other.' The action of a man hauling in a rope hand
 
 ARIADNE THESEO. 183 
 
 over hand is described very neatly by this line, which is so 
 difficult to express neatly in English. Much the same alter- 
 nate action of the feet in treading out the grapes is expressed 
 by the word adductus in Pont. I, 9, 32 Musta sub adducto 
 si pede nulla fluent. The phrase used elsewhere seems to be 
 legere filum. 
 
 105. si ' if, as in fact it does,' hence the indicative stat. 
 
 106. belua, the Minotaur. 
 
 108. ut ' even though,' see on 1, 116. eras for esses, cf. 
 on 1, 108. 
 
 pectore 'by the hardness of your heart,' equivalent to 
 duritia pectoris or dura pectore, so below 117, fides mala 
 fides. 
 
 109110. illic, i.e. in your breast. Cf. 2, 137, M. 9, 614 
 neque enim de tigride natus. Nee rigidas silices, solidumve in 
 pectore ferrum, Aut adamanta gerit, nee lac bibit ille leaenae. 
 It is a very common metaphor in Ovid. Tr. I, 8, 41 Et tua sunt 
 silicis circum praecordia venae, Et rigidum ferri semina pectus 
 Jiabet. So Tibullus 1. 1, 63 Flebis; non tua sunt duro prae- 
 cordia ferro Vincta, nee in tencro stat tibi corde silex. See also 
 Propert. 1, 15, 29. 1, 9, 31. Ovid A. 1, 11, 9. M. 14, 712. 
 
 112. aut refers to a condition implied in the previous line. 
 ' I either ought to have awaked in time to prevent the escape 
 of Theseus, or to have slept for ever.' ful for essem, with 
 gerund, cf. 6, 54, 144. 
 
 114. ' And ye breezes so eager to cause my tears to flow. ' 
 offlciosa, like parati in the previous line, is meant to imply 
 that the winds were conscious and ready agents in bringing 
 about her distress. OJficiosus refers not only to obedience, as 
 in A. A. 3, 324 Saxa tuo cantu...Fecerunt muros qfficiosa novos, 
 but to alacrity in obedience. For the construction offlciosa in 
 cf. on 4, 16. 
 
 117. fldea ' treason :' fides = mala fides, see supr. 108. 
 
 119 120. Comp. Pope's 'Elegy in memory of an unfortu- 
 nate Lady:' 
 
 'By foreign hands thy dying eyes were closed, 
 By foreign hands thy decent limbs composed, 
 By foreign hands thy humble grave adorned, 
 By strangers honoured, and by strangers mourned.' 
 
 120. lumina condat: the natural office of the nearest 
 relative, cf. 1, 113.
 
 184 NOTES. X. 
 
 122. unguet: i.e. in preparation for the funeral pyre. Cf. 
 F. 4, 852 arsuros artus unxit. 
 
 124. naec 'such as this,' cf. 8, 53, 104. sepulchra: funeral 
 rites, cf. 7, 188. 14, 128. offlciis meis 'my kindness to you in 
 the matter of the Minotaur. ' See index. 
 
 125. ibis portus: for ibis ad, cf. Aen, 6, 637 devenere locos 
 (Loers). 
 
 126. turbae celsus honore tuae 'elated by the cheers 
 of your fellow-citizens.' celsus, though properly used of 
 physical exaltation, here implies the mental condition as well, 
 cf. sublimis ut Hercule victo 9, 129. The idea seems to be 
 of a triumphal entry followed by a speech or address to his 
 fellow-citizens. For honor cf. Cic. Phil. 2, 31 cur ludi 
 Appollinares incredibili M. Bruti honore celebrati? 'with 
 immense cheering for Brutus.' Cf. Pont. 2, 1, 29 cum magnae 
 voeis honore. 
 
 [This is a case in which the latest and generally received 
 reading seems preferable to that of the better MSS. It was 
 very early received into the printed editions. Steteris turbae 
 celsus in arce tuae seems absolute nonsense. Palmer makes it 
 easy by accepting a correction urbis for turbae. But this has 
 no more authority than honore, and does not seem to me 
 to make such good sense. Why should Theseus stand on the 
 citadel ? There is every reason for his being received at Athens 
 in triumph, as having delivered the town from its dreadful 
 tax.] 
 
 128. sazea tecta: the Labyrinth, cf. supr. 71. per dubias 
 vias ' cut into intricate paths,' almost an adverb 'intricately,' 
 like per insidias 1, 99 : see supr. 6. 
 
 130. titulis : cf. 2, 67 74, where the idea is precisely the 
 same, of the achievements of a man being inscribed on 
 his statue. 
 
 131132. Pittheidos Aethrae, Aethra daughter of Pitthens. 
 For the form Pittheis cf. Tantalis, lardanis, etc. 
 
 auctores saxa fretumque : cf. 7. 37. 
 135 6. qua potes 'as best you may,' cf. sup. 53. 13, 41. 
 haerentem. Palmer well explains this, of the appearance a 
 figure would present to one looking from far out at sea. 
 
 137 8. demissos: cf. sup. 47. As a sign of mourning 
 see 9, 125. 
 
 ab Imtore gravis: see 4, 32, and index.
 
 ARIADNE THESE 0. 185 
 
 139 140. ' My whole frame trembles like a field of corn 
 ruffled by the north wind.' labat 'sprawls,' 'is unsteady.' 
 Cf. Tennyson, 'Princess:' 
 
 'and I sat down and wrote, 
 In such a hand as when a field of corn 
 Bows all its ears before the roaring East.' 
 
 143. sed nee poena quidem 'but not punishment either,' 
 as sometimes ne quidem is used. See Ter. Haut. 896. Cic. 
 Phil. 2, 5. 11 non tractabo ut consulem, ne ille quidem me 
 ut consularem. Sen. Epist. 5 non splendeat toga, ne sordeat qui- 
 dem. 
 
 145. plangendo : cf. supr. 16. 
 
 147. qui superant ' which remain after my tearing of them, 
 see supr. 16. 
 
 149. verso velo : the reading which Palmer has properly, I 
 think, preferred to verso vento; he compares 13, 134. 
 
 150. ossa feres ' you will take my ashes in their urn with 
 you.' This was the custom Aeschylus refers to, Ag. 428 "Apijs... 
 
 X^/ST/Tas evOtrov. Loers well quotes Tr. 3, 3, 65 Ossa tarn-en 
 facito parva referantur in urna : Sic ego non etiam mortuus exiil 
 era. 
 
 XII. 
 MEDEA IASONI. 
 
 WHEN Medea had helped Jason by her drugs to overcome 
 the various dangers and difficulties of obtaining the golden 
 fleece, she fled with him to his home lolchos in Thessaly, and 
 in order to stay her father's pursuit of them, she cut up her 
 brother Absyrtus and scattered his limbs on the sea. At 
 lolchos she had two sons by Jason. After a while they 
 removed to Corinth, where Jason determined to divorce Medea 
 and marry Creusa the daughter of Creon, the king of the 
 place. 
 
 This letter is supposed to be written soon after this marriage 
 has taken place. She reproaches Jason with her services and 
 sacrifices for him. She reminds him that he was once in her 
 power, and that she pitied him and saved him, and finally she 
 hints darkly at the fearful vengeance she will take. As in
 
 186 NOTES. XIJ. 
 
 Euripides, some feeling for Medea is excited by the prominence 
 given to Jason's wrong : while the violent and ghastly nature of 
 her revenge is kept in the back ground: the worst of all, the 
 murder of her children, being only darkly hinted in the last 
 line, Nescio quid eerie mens mea majus agit. 
 
 [The story of Medea no doubt Ovid knew so well as scarcely 
 to be conscious of using any one authority. The most detailed 
 accounts of the fable we have, which were likely to be in Ovid's 
 hands, are that of Apollodorus, lib. 1, and that of Apollonius, 
 lib. 3. Ovid no doubt also was well acquainted with the 
 Medea of Euripides. And we are able again to notice how 
 Seneca has followed in Ovid's steps, in his tragedy of Medea. 
 Cf. Met. 7, 1 424. Ovid's own tragedy Medea is unhappily 
 lost.] 
 
 1. At answers some supposed excuse of Jason. ' Ah, well, 
 but whatsoever you may say, I, when queen of Colchis, had 
 leisure to attend to you.' So the man carrying the babes Bomulus 
 and Kemus says suddenly, as if answering his own thoughts, 
 At quam sunt similes! at quam formosus uterque, F. 2, 395. 
 
 2. ars mea: i.e. my skill in magic. 
 
 3. 4. evoluisse fusos 'to have unrolled my spindles,' means 
 that it was time for her to die. The metaphor is to be ex- 
 plained thus : the life of each of us is represented by a certain 
 weight (pensum) of wool which the Fates are to spin, and when 
 that is spun our days come to an end. Now the spindle spins 
 the yarn till the thread is long enough to reach the ground 
 from the distaff: the thread is then wound round the spindle 
 and the process repeated until the spindle is full, the 
 thread is then cut and the wool wound off the spindle into 
 a ball (glomus). This is repeated with the same spindle or 
 another, until the whole pensum from the colus is exhausted, 
 and all wound off into separate balls. When the Fates have 
 done that, a man's life is brought to an end, and they may be 
 said evoluisse fusos. dispensant (pensum), & word derived from 
 the same idea. 
 
 7 10. Ovid is no doubt thinking of the opening lines in 
 the Medea of Euripides : 
 
 et6' t(f>\' "Apyovs IJ.TJ SiairTaa'Oa.i <TK(^OS 
 s alcui Kvavtas Sv/xTrXij-ytiSas 
 vd.Tra.iffi lirj\tov ireffeii> wirre 
 
 Pelias arbor : timber cut on Mt Pelion, cf . 3, 120. 
 Phrixeam : the fleece of the ram that carried Phrixus.
 
 MEDEA 1 A SON I. 187 
 
 Magnetida ' Thessalian : ' Magnetis is a feminine adjective 
 formed from Magnetes, the people of Magnesia, the eastern 
 district of Thessaly in which is the range of Pelion. 
 
 turba Graia 'the Greek crew.' Phasiacam 'Colchian.' The 
 river Phasis (mod. Rion) divides Colchis from Asia Minor. 
 
 13 15. aut semel : cf . 10, 112. Aut refers to the implied 
 statement of the preceding passage, as if it had been The 
 Argonauts should never have come to Colchis, or, if they must 
 come as they did, then Jason should have had no help from 
 me. praemedicatus 'previously anointed' with the drug which 
 Medea gave him to make him proof against the fiery breath of 
 the bulls. tf>dpfj.a.Kov didwcriv.. $ eK^Xemre '-xpteat rfy re dffjriSa 
 teal rb d6pv teal rb ffufj.a. Apollod. 1. nova : see on 23. 
 
 1C. ora adunca 'the horned heads.' For this meaning of 
 ora, cf. 9, 88, where it means ' skulls.' 
 
 18. cultor ab ipse suo : for the position of ipse, cf. 9, 96. 
 And for ab with instrumental ablative, see 4, 32, and index. 
 
 21. merltum 'all one has done for him,' cf. 7, 5, and Sen. 
 Meil. 120 Durun inerita contempsit mea. Palmer compares Eur. 
 Med. 473 e-yti re yap Xeacra Kovtpia0r)ffofjia.i. /caxws Kol <ri/ Aujnjffei 
 
 K\Vb)V. 
 
 23. inexpertam 'untried before." Because this was the 
 first voyage of the Argo, and the Argo was said to be the first 
 ship ever built : cf. supr. 13 nova puppis. 
 
 24. beata ' wealthy.' The searches for the gold and silver 
 of Colchis were explained by Strabo (2, 39) to be the origin of 
 the story of the Argonauts, o TT\OUTOJ rijs ^<cei xiipas K TUV 
 jQtvffeiuv KO.I dpyvpeiuv xai <n.8i)pdwv 3i.Ka.iav rtva vwayopevei 
 jrp6(pa<rii' rrjs arpareia.^ KO.6' rjv Kal <!>/>i'os tcrreiXf rbv v\ovv 
 TOVTOV. 
 
 27. Ephyren: i.e. Corinth. There were several cities of 
 this name in Greece; and it is mentioned in Strabo as an 
 ancient name of Corinth (Strabo 8, 5). bimaris 'with two 
 sea-boards,' cf. Hor. Od. 1, 7, 2 bimarisque Corinthi, see inf. 
 104 ; 8, 69 ; 4, 105 6 et tennis tellus audit utrumque mare. 
 
 27 28. She says her father ruled all the country along the 
 Northern shore of Pontus (Black Sea) up to Scythia, which 
 would mean, I suppose, up to the Tanais (Don), a great deal 
 further than the district called Colchis extended. JBut Scythia 
 in Ovid's mouth is a synonym for all the country north of the 
 Poutus, that he did not know otherwise. So Virgil (Georg. 3,
 
 188 NOTES. XII. 
 
 349) speaks vaguely of all these countries as Scythiae gentes. 
 Ovid had occasion to learn this part of his geography better 
 hefore he died, laeva plaga: the N.W. district. 
 
 29. Aeeta : the Aeolic nominative of Aeetes. Ovid uses it 
 in M. 7, 170; and the gen. Aeetae 6, 50 and Pont. 3, 120. Be- 
 low, v. 61, we have Aeetes. 
 
 30. pictos : cf. 52, covered with fine vestes stragulae. Thus 
 purpureus torus in 5, 88 'royal.' 
 
 31. quis esses 'what influence you could exert,' cf. Am. 3, 
 6, fyiflumina senserunt ipsa quid esset amor. 
 
 33. et vidl et peril: although Virgil (Eel. 8, 41) wrote ut 
 vidi ut perii, there is no valid reason for altering et into ut 
 here, against all authority. Ovid may have chosen to vary the 
 phrase, even though he had Virgil's in his mind. 
 
 35. et me mea fata trahebant : see on 6, 51, and 4, 53. 
 
 36. abstulerant 'had riveted my gaze on themselves,' cf. 6, 
 131. Ovid has still hi his mind, perhaps, Virgil's line 1. c., Ut 
 vidi ut peril I ut me mains abstulit error. 
 
 39. lex 'condition,' i.e. the condition on which you were 
 to take the golden fleece, cf. 7, 156. 
 
 40. vomere: properly 'the ploughshare,' then 'the whole 
 plough,' and finally any part of it as here ' the yoke.' 
 
 premeres: the imperfect subj. depending on the historic 
 present dicitur, Eoby 1512. Conversely the historic present 
 may be in the subordinate clause, Aen. 2, 120 obstipuere 
 animi gelidusque per ossa cucurrit Ossa tremor, cui fata parent 
 quern poscat Apollo. 
 
 41. plus quam per cornua saevi 'whose danger was not con- 
 fined to butting with their horns,' i.e. their fiery breath was an 
 additional danger. Ovid is fond of an instrumental per, see 
 index. But he is also probably thinking of the well-known 
 expressions in Euripides, Bacch. 742 ravpoi 5' vfipurral icei'j K^/JOS 
 Ovfj.ovfj.tvoi, Hel. 1558 Kvpruv re vwra Kelt ictpas irapffufiXtiruv, 
 which Virgil has imitated in his irasci in cornua, G. 3, 232, 
 Aen. 12, 104. 
 
 43 44. Their feet were of solid bronze, bronze too was 
 wrought upon their nostrils; this also was blackened by then- 
 own breath.' 
 
 aere pedes solid! seems to mean that the whole hoof was of 
 bronze 'solid with bronze' (abl. of material), praetenta aera 
 seems to refer to some sort of bronze armour-plating, praetenderf
 
 MEDEA IASONJ. 189 
 
 is said to be a military word ' to put in front of for defence.' 
 Ovid is borrowing from Apollonius 3, 230 Tex"i)s "H<awTos 
 l/ii)<raro 6tffice\a tpya. Kai ol xXf6iro5as ravpovs icdfie, x<& Kea 
 dt vijtfwv tfv orijtaT, K 5t irvpbs deivbv fftXas ifHTrveUfficw. But 
 the touch of minute description implied in nigra per adftatus is 
 all his own. For per see on 41. 
 
 47. qui peterent : for tense, see on 40. natis secum tells 
 'with weapons born with him,' for they sprang ready armed 
 from the earth. 
 
 49. custodis: i.e. the dragon. 
 
 52. 'And the high table is removed from the purple 
 couches,' i. e. when the banquet is over, and the moveable table 
 taken away. Ovid is thinking of Roman customs, see on 1, 
 312. 
 
 purpurei tori : i. e. royal, see on 30, and cf. 5, 88. 
 
 53. regnum dotale ' the royalty which Creusa is to bring 
 you as her dower.' Jason was not actually to receive the 
 kingdom of Corinth with his wife, but still he would have with 
 her some of the advantages of royalty (regnum), cf. 4, 163, 
 where hi exactly the same sense Phaedra calls Crete tellus 
 dotalis, though it was not hers to bring to her husband. 
 
 57. male saucia 'with love's wound rankling in my breast 
 to my sorrow,' cf. Aen. 4, 1 At regina gravi jamdudum saucia 
 cura. 
 
 58. quanta fuit 'all its dreary length,' see on 3, 49. 
 per lacrimas ' in tears,' cf. per moras 2, 94 and on 10, 6. 
 
 61. nine... bine 'on the one side '...'on the other.' Her 
 love urges her to help Jason, her fear of her father to leave 
 him to his fate. 
 
 62. soror, Chalciope, Apoll. 3, 667. 
 
 63. adversaque in ora iacentem 'lying upon my face 
 which was pressed to the pillow.' No doubt Ovid is here 
 representing the Xttcrpoiffi irpijj'Tjj eviKdinreffev elXixOeiira of 
 Apollonius (3, 655). But the common reading avrrsa has 
 much to be said for it, ' with my face turned to the wall. ' 
 
 65. Minyls 'for the Argonauts,' see on 6, 47. 
 
 petit altera &c. ' The one sister asks for the aid, the other 
 had it in her power to grant.' Quintilian (8, 5, 6) quotes a 
 line from Ovid's play ' Medea : ' Servare potui ; perdere an 
 passim rogas f
 
 190 NOTE8. XI 1. 
 
 69. iielubra: plur. for sing, 'a shrine,' used in a general 
 sense, delubrum is properly ' a place of purification,' (de-luo) : 
 temphim (tem-no) 'a, place cut off and set apart.' Dianae: i.e. 
 of Diana, Trivia or Hecate, the patroness of Medea as a witch. 
 M. 7, 194. 'EicdTT)! lepbv, Apoll. 3, 914. 
 
 70. barbarlca: Medea speaks of the hand of her own 
 people as barbarica, as Briseis (3, 2) of her own ; simply in the 
 sense of non-Hellenic. 
 
 71. excide'runt : see on 2, 141 for this quantity. For the 
 meaning, on 2, 105. [The reading noscis an exciderunt was 
 either changed by early editors or found in their MSS. changed 
 to nescw an exciderint 'I rather think you have forgotten.' 
 But this seems to me to weaken the passion and irony of the 
 words; and as noscis an excidentnt presents no real difficulty 
 and is apparently closest to the two best MSS. I have retained 
 it.] 
 
 78. cuncta videntis avl: i.e. the Sun, who was the father 
 of Aeetes. "HXtos iravbirrtis. Ennius Med. fr. 14 tuque adeo 
 Sol, qtti omne.s res sttspicix. 
 
 79. per triplicis... Dianae : cf. 69. So (in M. 7, 194) 
 Medea prays to triceps Hecate. The three-headed goddess 
 Trivia is a kind of infernal Luna or Diana : and thus connected 
 with witchcraft, which dealt especially with the moon (see on 
 
 6, 14). The origin of the name Trivia is said by Varro (L. L. 
 
 7, 16) to be the fact that a figure of "ApTe/as was used at the 
 junctions of three roads in Greek towns, with the heads of a 
 horse, a lion and a dog pointing down the several roads. Cf. 
 F. 1, 141 Ora vides Hecates in tres vergentia partes, Servit ut in 
 ternas compita secta vias : where consult Paley's note. Senec. 
 Med. 6, Tacitisque praebens coiiscium sacris jubar Hecate 
 triformis : which gives a reason for witches worshipping the 
 moon, arcana sacra 'magic rites,' M. 7, 192 Nox ait arcanis 
 fidissima. 
 
 80. 'And by the gods peculiar to them, ii such there be, 
 that your (ista) race has.' Lit. 'If your race has some gods.' 
 It was customary to end all prayers in which particular gods were 
 mentioned by some general phrase to include the other deities, 
 lest any one of them who ought to have been mentioned 
 should bo offended. So in his prayer on laying the foundation 
 stone of Eome, after mentioning Jupiter, Mars and Vesta, 
 Romulus concludes Quosque pium est adkibere deos, advertite 
 cuncti. F. 4, 829. It was on this same principle that there 
 was at Athens an altar to the Unknown God.
 
 MEDEA 1ASON1. 191 
 
 85. ' But how can I expect to be so favoured by the gods 
 as that?' 
 
 faciles 'good-natured,' 'well-disposed.' meos : cf. 2, 126. 
 For the case cf. 2, 53. 
 
 87. luno : cf. 6, 45. maritis : cf. 2, 41 Junonemque toris 
 quae praesidet alma maritis. 
 
 89. haec 'such words as these.' quota 'and how small a 
 part are they of all you did say.' For movere cf. 7, 85. 
 
 93 102. Cf. the passage in 6, 31 38. inadusto 'unscorched.' 
 
 97. ipsa ego : cf. M. 7, 134 Ipsa quoque extimnit, qwie 
 tutttm fccertit ilium : Utque peti vidit juvenem tot ab hostibus 
 unit m, Palluit et subito sine sanguine f rift i da sedit. 
 
 98. subitos 'born in an instant full grown,' cf. Sen. Med. 
 469 hostis subiti tela. 
 
 101. strictas, properly applied to weapons drawn from a 
 sheath etc., is applied to hands when used in a hostile 
 manner. Cf. Am. 1, 6, 14 Nee timeo strictas in meafatamanus. 
 
 inter se: M. 7, 141 Terrigenae pereunt per mutua vulnera 
 fratres Civilique cadunt acie. 
 
 103. ubi : cf. 4, 150 and index. 
 
 104. See on 8, 69. 
 
 106. barbara: see on 70. nunc denique: cf. on 10, 13. ilia 
 ego : cf. Tr. 4, 10, 1 Ille ego qui fuerim, tenerorum lusor amorum. 
 
 107 8. flammae 'I withdrew from you by a drugged sleep 
 the fiery eyes.' Cf. M. 7, 149 Pervigilem superest herbis 
 sopire draconem . . .hunc postquam sparsit Lethaei gramine 
 suci . . .sammis in ignotos oculos sibi venit, et auroHeros Aesonius 
 potitur. tuta: see the passage quoted on 97. 
 
 110. munus quodlibet 'ever so great a favour.' Loers 
 quotes Seneca, who doubtless is copying Ovid. Med. 491. 
 JAS. Lacrimis meis evictus, exilimn dedit. 
 M. Poenam putabam : munus, ut video, est fuga. 
 
 quodlibet ' as great as you please.' Palmer illustrates by 
 quamlibet aptu* 'as fitted as you please,' i.e. 'well fitted.' 
 Am. 1, 18, 14. A writer in the Athenaeum says that the 
 meaning is ' I have earned as niy reward to be whatever you 
 please in exile'. If so, it seems a very fatuous remark of 
 Medea's, to say nothing of the fact that quodlibet should be 
 quidlibet in that case. Medea means ' my reward for all these 
 services (and a great one it is !) is to be in exile.'
 
 192 NOTES. XII. 
 
 112. soror : see on 62. 
 
 113. germane: her brother Absyrtus, whose limbs she cut 
 up to delay her father's pursuit. See introd. and 6, 129. 
 
 116. dilaceranda ful 'I ought to have been dismembered 
 myself.' For the tense see on 6, 54, 144. 10, 112. 
 
 sed tecum : i.e. but you ought to have been punished in the 
 same way with me. On the principle of cui prodest scelus Is 
 fecit (Sen. Med. 500) she insists on the guilt of this cruel act 
 being Jason's as well as hers. 
 
 117118. credere me pelago...iamque nocens: 'Nor yet 
 did I shrink to trust myself, a woman and now too a guilty 
 one, to the deep.' jamque completes the climax, not only is 
 there the natural timidity of a woman, but the restless fears of 
 a guilty one also, to make her shrink from the sea, which 
 was supposed to punish guilt, Nee violasse fidem temptantibus 
 aequora prodest, 7, 57. 
 
 119. ntunen : i.e. the Providence which punishes guilt. 
 
 121. elisissent : see 9, 85. This spondaic ending of a 
 hexameter is not very frequent in Ovid. He has however used 
 it four times before in these epistles, but in all cases with 
 proper names 6, 103. 8, 71. 9, 133. 9, 141. Symplegades 'the 
 clashing rocks ' [etv, TrXijo-o-w], two islets at the northern mouth 
 of the Bosphorus. Odyss. 12, 69 sq. 
 
 123. 'Or would that ravening Scylla had sent us to her 
 hounds to devour ! ' Scylla is the monster on the Italian side 
 of the straits of Messina. Aen. 3, 420 Dextrum Scylla 
 latw, laevum implacata Charybdis Obsidet. According to Ovid 
 Scylla is converted into this monster by Circe, M. 14, 64 
 et corpus quaerens femorum crurumque pedumque Cerbereos 
 rictus pro partibus invenit illis. Cf. Horn. Odyss. 12, 85 100. 
 
 Medea may be supposed to have passed through this strait 
 when the Argonauts were driven into long wanderings by 
 Jupiter, angry at the cruel murder of Absyrtus. Apollodorus 
 says that they coasted along the shores of Libya, Gaul, 
 Sardinia and Etruria, and landing on Aeaea, the island of 
 Circe, were by her purified from the pollution of the murder. 
 
 124. debuit ingratis &c. This may arise from confusing 
 Scylla the sea-monster with Scylla daughter of Nisus of 
 Megara, who betrayed her father to Minos, and was yet killed 
 by Minos himself. But there is also a legend of Scylla, the 
 sea-monster, who Circe transformed from jealousy of her lover 
 Glaucus, who refused to give her up. She may therefore be 
 angry at all unfaithful lovers.
 
 MEDEA IASONI. 193 
 
 125. quaeque vomit, i.e. Charybdis, on the Sicilian side. 
 Ovid is reproducing Homer Odyss. 12, 104 106 rif 5" viro Sta. 
 X</wj35ts dvappotpBei fj.t\av vdup. Tpis fiutv yap r avtt)<ru> tir' 
 rjjMTt, rpls 8' dvappotfidei 8eiv6v. 
 
 127. Haemonias urbes, i.e. Tliessalian lolchos. See on 6, 
 23. 
 
 129 130. pietate nocentes 'guilty from sheer filial affec- 
 tion;' the ablative of efficient cause in the agent, of. 4, 17. 
 Medea persuaded the daughters of Pelias to cut up their father 
 and boil his limbs, promising to restore him to youth, and having 
 first shown a specimen of her magic power in this way on an 
 animal. 
 
 131. ut 'though,' see on 1, 116, and index. 
 
 134. cede domo 'depart from my house,' apparently the 
 words of a husband divorcing his wife, Mart. 11, 104, 1 
 vadeforas, uxor. Cf. Cic. Phil. 2, 69 illam mimam suas res 
 sibi habere jussit, ex duodecim tabulis claves ademit, exegit, 
 where see Mayor's note. The last word exegit would describe 
 the action of the husband in using this formula. The woman 
 was said decedere. Ter. Andr. 568. 
 
 Ae&onia, i. e. of Jason, son of Aeson. 
 
 135. natis comltata duobus. Ovid always uses comitatus 
 with ablative of person without preposition, solo comitatus 
 Achate, F. 3, 602. Satyris comitatus ib. 737. Cf. Aen, 1, 312 
 uno comitatus Achate. Eoby 1220. 
 
 137. Hymen 'the marriage-hymn,' see on 6, 44. 
 
 138. lampades: for the torches at a marriage-procession 
 see on 2, 120. 
 
 139. socialia carmina ' marriage-songs, 'cf. socialia foedera 
 4, 17. Livia sic tecum sociales compleat unnos, Tr. 2, 161. 
 
 140. funerea flebiliora tuba. The tuba was a straight 
 instrument with bell mouth, it was used at funerals : cf. Pers. 
 3, 103 hinc tuba candelae tandemque beatulus...in portam 
 rigidos calces extendit. For this contrasting of marriage with 
 funeral ceremonies, see on 2, 120. Loers quotes Prop. 2, 6, 12 
 Tibia funesta tristior ilia tuba. 
 
 141. tantum scelus, i.e. that you really meant to marry at 
 once. 
 
 143. Hymen Hymenaee : the refrain of the marriage-hymn, 
 cf. 14, 27. frequentant 'repeat with their many voices.' 
 frequentare conveys the notion of a crowd as well as that of 
 repetition. Cf. 14, 29 comitum clamore frequentes. This hymn 
 
 o 13
 
 194 NOTES. XI L 
 
 was sung in the solemn procession conducting the wife to her 
 new home. 
 
 144. noc 'in that proportion' answering to quo. For pejus 
 see index. 
 
 145. dlversi ' standing aloof from me, ' i.e. lest I should see 
 the sorrow on their faces. 
 
 149 152. 'When our younger child, in his eagerness 
 for play and for seeing the spectacle he took his place on 
 the very threshold of the front door, says, "Come this way, 
 mother; our father Jason is leading a procession, and all 
 shining with gold is driving a team of horses. " ' 
 
 149. studio : abl. of efficient cause, supr. 129. 
 
 150. geminae foris 'of the double door,' i.e. the front or 
 street door, which would consist of two swing doors. Of. 
 Livy 1, 14 fores portarum. Of. 13, 87 8. 
 
 152. aureus: cf. A. A. 1, 214 Quatuor in niveis aureus ibis 
 equis. (Loers. ) 
 
 153. abscissa veste 'tearing the bosom of my dress,' cf. 
 F. 4, 448 ipsa suos abscideratque sinus, planxi: cf. 10, 15 
 protinus adductis sonuerunt pectora palmis. 5, 71. 
 
 .164. tuta a dlgltls: cf. A. A. 3, 707 Ut rediit animus, 
 tenues a pectore vestes Rumpit, et indignas sauciat ungue genas. 
 
 156. sertaque cpmpositis demere, i. e. ' to snatch the 
 garlands from the bride's neat locks,' such a contrast to her 
 own, which are torn and dishevelled. 
 
 167. sic 'even as it was,' 'even though I was so deserted 
 and helpless and the attempt would have been hopeless.' Sic 
 refers to the whole situation, not to laniata capillos. See 
 13, 137. 
 
 158. Inlceremque manus : cf. on 8, 16. Add Am. 1, 4, 40 
 Et dicam 'mea sunt,' iniciamque manus. Ib. 3, 9, 20 omnibus 
 obscuras inicit ilia (sc. mom) manus. F. 4, 90 Quern Venus 
 injecta vindicat alma manu. 
 
 160. inferias 'offerings to the deities below' to propitiate 
 the Manes. Cf. P. 5, 421 Situs erit veteris, nocturna Lemuria, 
 sacri: Inferias tacitis Manibus ilia dabunt. umbrae 'ghost,' 
 plur. for sing. 
 
 162. qui nobis omnia solus erat 'who by himself was 
 all these four to me,' i.e. kingdom, country, home, and 
 husband. Cf. on 2, 51. At the same time omnia esse alicui
 
 MEDEA IASONJ. 195 
 
 ' to be all in all to any one ' is a general phrase, cf. Livy 40, 11 
 Demetrius iis unus omnia eat, corresponding to the Greek Trovra 
 elvai. See Lidd. and Sc. 
 
 163. igitur 'so then it seems' apa. Cf. Pont. 4, 10, 7 
 Tempos edax igitur praeter nos omnia perdit. 
 
 1(58. Hecates : see on 79. The form of the genitive in -es 
 seems taken simply from the Greek, cf. Hypsipyles 6, 132, 
 though one of the ancient varieties in the genitive of -e stems 
 was that in -es. Boby 357. 
 
 169. noctes vigilantur amarae 'the bitter nights are spent 
 in wakefulness. ' So in P. 4, 167 vigilata node. A. A. 1, 735 
 attenuant juvenum vigilatae corpora noctes. Vigilo is properly 
 intransitive, but like other similar verbs of the first conjugation 
 has a passive in use, especially a passive participle. See 
 F. A. Paley on F. 3. 357 ; where he quotes as instances regnatus, 
 clamatus, triumphatus, ulnlatus, cfssatus, lacrimatu*, bacchatus. 
 Cf. Eoby 1421. 
 
 170. This line has been admirably restored by Palmer 
 from Tr. 4, 3, 22. Pont. 3, 2, 12. tener must be taken to 
 mean 'light 'in the sense of easily dissolved or broken, cf. on 
 2, 143. In A. A. 2, 546 it seems to mean 'light sleep' in the 
 same sense. 
 
 175 6. stultae (dat.), an epithet born of angry jealousy. 
 She contrasts her rival's common-place feminine character with 
 her own unlawful cunning. 
 
 iniustis 'unfriendly to me," so in 7, 44 justior is 'more 
 friendly. ' 
 
 179. Tyrio in ostro 'in her royal couch of Tyrian purple,' 
 cf. supr. 52. Tyrio, i.e. dyed with the Tyrian murex, cf. 13, 37. 
 sublimis refers partly to mental elevation, partly to physical, see 
 on 9, 129. 
 
 180. adusta: cf. on 4, 33 'penetrated by the fire.' The 
 garland and robe sent Creusa by Medea burnt into her flesh and 
 destroyed her. Eur. Med. 11841202. 
 
 184. 'Now if ever listen to words that are all too humble 
 for my pride.' So Tr. 2, 214 et sunt notitid multa minora tud 
 ' too small for you to know them. ' 
 
 187. villa ' held cheap,' cf. 3, 41. 
 
 188. noverca : see on 6, 126 7. 
 
 189. similes: cf. 6, 123. Imagine 'the Likeness to you.' 
 Cf, 8. 1. 
 
 191. per avitae lumina flammae, see supr. 78. 
 
 132
 
 196 NOTES. XII. 
 
 192. merituin 'my services to you,' supr. 82. pignora: 
 see on 6, 122. 
 
 194. adde fldem dictis 'keep your promises," of. 7, 110. 
 
 197. quern nobis Ipse dedlstl: referring to Jason's own 
 words, see on 82 and 86. 
 
 200. 'Which had to be ploughed as a condition of your 
 carrying away the golden fleece.' 
 
 202. ' As to which dowry if I should now say to you "Pay it 
 back," you would decline.' Ovid again makes Medea refer to 
 procedures under Eoman law. In the case of a divorce arising 
 from a mere caprice of the husband's, without reasonable 
 cause to be alleged against the wife, he was bound to pay back 
 the whole of the Dos. Ramsay Rom. Antiq. p. 254. Cf. Sen. 
 Med. 487 Tibi patria cessit, tibi pater frater pudor, Hac dote 
 nupsi, redde fugienti sua. 
 
 203. ' My dower is the safety which I secured for you, and 
 for the other Grecian youths.' 
 
 204. i nunc: cf. on 3, 26. Slsyphlas opes 'the wealth of 
 your new Corinthian wife Creusa.' Sisyphias stands for 
 Corinthian because Sisyphus was said to have founded Ephyra, 
 afterwards called Corinth. I do not know on what authority 
 Loers calls Sisyphus the father of Creon. 
 
 205. potentis ' of princely rank,' cf. 5, 85. 
 
 206. ' The very power itself of being ungrateful you owe to 
 me,' i.e. it is all my doing that you are alive at all. 
 
 207. quos equldem actutum: the threat is all the more 
 significant for not being completed, cf. Aen. 1, 135 quos ego... 
 
 208. parturit ira ' my wrath is in labour with immense 
 threats.' Seneca imitated Ovid's use of the word by making 
 Medea (v. 25) say, Partu jam parta ultio est; Peperi. 
 
 In these last lines Medea is hinting at the dreadful ven- 
 geance she means to take upon her husband, the complete 
 extent of which we may suppose her as not yet to have 
 conceived. 
 
 209. quo feret Ira 'whithersoever rage shall hurry me." 
 fero is used often in connection with violent excitement, cf. 4, 
 47. 
 
 211. yiderit Ista deus 'let the God see to that.' 'That is 
 God's affair, not mine,' cf. A. A. 2, 371 viderit Atrides; Helenen 
 igo crimine solvo, ib. 3, 671 viderit utilitas, ego coepta fideliter
 
 MEDEA IASONI. 197 
 
 edam. Rem. 249 Viderit, Haemoniae siquin mala pabula terrae 
 Et magicas artes posse juvare putat. M. 10, 624 Viderit! 
 intereat.... F. 2, 782 Vid> rit, audentes forsve deusve juvet. Tr. 
 5, 2, 43 Viderit! ipse sacram quamvis invisus ad aram Con- 
 fugiam. Pont. 1, 2, 11 videris. Aen. 10, 744 At de me divom 
 pater atque hominum rex Viderit. 
 
 versat 'tortures,' cf. Am. 1, 2, 8 Et possessa ferus pectora 
 versat amor. 
 
 212. nescio quid : see on 3, 78. 
 
 xm. 
 
 LAODAMIA PEOTESILAO. 
 
 THE story of Protesilaus is briefly this. There was an 
 oracle to the effect that the first man of the Greek host who 
 touched Trojan soil should immediately be killed. Protesilaus 
 of Phylace, in Thessaly, led the warriors of several Thessalian 
 towns, and in spite of this oracle was the first to leap on the 
 shore of Troy, and was killed, according to the tradition 
 followed by Ovid, by Hector. Met. 12, 67 Hectorea primus 
 fataliter hastd, Protesilae, cadis. His wife Laodamia is sup- 
 posed to have heard of this oracle while the host is still at 
 Aulis, and to write this letter to warn him of it ; telling him 
 of her own evil forebodings and dreams, and entreating him 
 to abstain from being too forward to land. 
 
 [We have no materials in our hands which Ovid could have 
 used except the passage in Homer, II. 2, 698 702 : 
 
 TWV av n/swretnXaoj 'Ap^tos "fiyt/jidvevfv 
 fu6s i<a>' rbre 8' 17877 fyev Kdra yala /j.f\aiva. 
 rou 5i Kal diuf>idpv<pty dXoxos ^v\dnjj AAetirro 
 teal 66/j.os ij/ureXijs ' rbv d' Ixrave AdpSapos dvrjp 
 vybs dirodpuHrKovTa TroXi) irpurriffTov 'AX&IUJV. 
 
 But we can gather from the poem that Ovid has used various 
 traditions which suit his purpose. For instance he knows the 
 story of her being found by her husband, when allowed to 
 return to earth, embracing his image, see 151 sq. The tale 
 however has been often told, and with many variations, by later 
 writers; among others by Lucian, 'Dialogues of the Dead,' 
 23. And it is made more interesting to us by having formed the 
 subject of one of the finest poems of our own Wordsworth. 
 One stanza of his gives the story briefly:
 
 198 NOTES XIII. 
 
 'Thou know'st, the Delphic oracle foretold 
 That the first Greek who touched the Trojan strand 
 Should die; but me the threat did not withhold; 
 A generous cause a victim did demand; 
 And forth I leapt upon the sandy plain; 
 A self-devoted chief by Hector slain.'] 
 
 1 2. 'Thessalian Laodamia to her Thessalian lord sends 
 greeting and health, and lovingly wishes that health may 
 indeed go where she sends it.' 
 
 The point of the lines, not a very great one after all, 
 depends on the double use of salutcm, first as a complimentary 
 formula, and secondly to mean literally 'health:' a like use we 
 have noticed before, see on 4, 1 2. 
 
 Haemonis Haemonlo ' Thessalian,' see on 6, 23. 12, 127. 
 
 6. ' That was the right time for the waters to rage.' So in 
 F. 6, 223 Junius utilis nuptis, utilis viris means that ' June is a 
 right time for maids and men to marry in.' 
 
 21. fugacia 'swift,' cf. 4, 46. 
 
 23 4. tenebris obortis ' with a film of darkness upon my 
 eyes,' cf. lacrimis obortis, 8, 109. The preposition 06 conveys 
 the idea of covering and obstruction, succiduo 'sinking 
 beneath me.' Cf. M. 10, 458 Poplite succiduo genua intremuere, 
 fugitque Et color et sanguis. 
 
 25. Iphiclus, father of Protesilaus and king of Phylace. 
 Acastus, father of Laodamia. The latter is usually described as 
 son of Pelias, and one of the Argonauts ; but it has been ques- 
 tioned whether some other hero of this name is not meant. 
 
 29. ut rediit animus: Ovid twice in these epistles (see 
 9, 141) uses the final syllable of the 3rd pers. perf. of eo long. 
 -it in the perfect was originally long, and is so often used by 
 Plautus ; Ennius however generally makes it short ; Virgil also 
 usually makes it short, though occasionally availing himself of 
 the ancient usage, e.g. G. 2, 211 At rudis enituit impulso 
 vomere campus. Aen. 8. 363 Alcides subiit, haec ilium regia 
 cepit. And Ovid confines the use mostly to the compounds of 
 eo. Cf. Am. 3, 8, 17 qua periit aliquis potes hanc contingere 
 dextramt See Professor Nettleship, 'Appendix to Conington's 
 Virgil,' Vol. 3. 
 
 31 2. Cf. Ballad in Percy's 'Eeliques,' 
 
 There sail nae mantle cross my back 
 Na kaim gae in my hair,... 
 
 Sin' the lowlands o' Holland 
 Hae twinn'd my love and me.
 
 LAO D AM I A PROTEST LAO. 199 
 
 For praebere pectendos, cf. 2, 141. 
 
 33 4. 'As the Bacchanals (cf. 4, 47) whom Bacchus is be- 
 lieved to have touched with his vine-wreathed thyrsus, so I roam 
 hither and thither (hue llluc] wheresoever the frenzy has driven 
 me.' Bicomlger 'Bacchus, represented sometimes under the 
 form of a bull. Thus in Eur. Bacch. 1159 Pentheus guided 
 by Bacchus goes to his death ravpov irporjyrjrijpa crv/j.(f>opS.s fywv. 
 
 hasta: the Bacchanals carried a spear wreathed with vine 
 and other green boughs, cf. Am. 3, 15 17 Corniger increpuit 
 thyrso graviore Lyaeus, and Met. 3, 666 7 Ipsa racemiferis 
 frontem circumdatus uvis Pampineis agitat velatam frondibut 
 hast am. 
 
 35. matres Fhylaceides ' the matrons of Phylace,' the town 
 of Protesilaus, from which Laodamia is writing. 
 
 37 40. For the tenses of these verbs, see on 2, 99. scilicet 
 expresses indignant irony, see on 4, 21. 
 
 41. qua possum 'as far as I can,' or 'the only way I can,' 
 cf. 10, 135. squalore: i.e. 'with mourning robes.' The dic- 
 tionaries give many instances, e.g. Cic. Ver. 5, 48 aspicite, 
 judices, squalorem sordesque sociorum. 
 
 43. Dyspari 'ill-omened Paris,' for the old reading Dux 
 Pari, from Horn. II. 3, 39 Av<nra/u, elSos aptare, ywatuavts, 
 fjirepoirevTa. Such a play on a name may be compared with 
 that on 'Helen' in Aeschyl. Ag. 671 ^vavs, i\cu>5pos, 
 
 45. Taenariae : i.e. ' Spartan, ' from the promontory Taena- 
 rum (Cape Matapan) in Laconia, see sup. 1, 46. The Spartan 
 wife is of course Helen, vellem ' I could have wished.' 
 
 48. flebilis 'a cause of tears,' cp. Horace, Od. 1, 24, 9 multis 
 ille bonis flebiiis occidit. Menelaus is Jlebilis ultor, as the 
 mover of a war which must give many mothers and wives cause 
 to weep for their slain, bella matribus detestata, Hor. Od, 
 1, 1, 24. 
 
 50. det : i. e. dedicate his arms in the temple of Jupiter, as 
 a thank-offering for his safe return. Cf. Tr. 4, 8, 21 Miles ut 
 enteritis non est satis utilis annis Ponit ad ambiguos quae tulit 
 arma decs. Such offerings were called in Greek di/afl^ara : an 
 instance of such an one in the Homeric warriors is that of 
 Euphorbus, whom Pythagoras declared to have possessed the 
 same soul as himself, and proved it by taking down his shield 
 from the temple wall; a story referred to by Hor. Od. 1. 28, 10, 
 sq. Reducl Jovl ' to Jupiter Redux, 'i.e. the god who brings back.
 
 200 NOTES. XIII. 
 
 51. subiit 'has occurred to my mind,' cf. infr. 123. 
 
 53. Tenedos : an island off the shore of the Troad, cf. Aen. 
 2, 21 Est in conspectu Tenedos notissima fama Insula. 
 
 For the rivers Simois and Xanthus, see 1, 33; and 5, 30. 
 Ide : Ovid has Ida in 5, 138; Iden in 5, 73, where see note. 
 
 58. quique suo . . . opes ' And as one would who was carrying 
 on his person the wealth of Troy, ' cf. 8, 14. Cp. Shaksp. , As you 
 Like it, 2, 7 ' The city woman bears the cost of Princes on 
 unworthy shoulders." Hy. VIII. i. 1, 83, '0, many have broke 
 their backs by laying manors on them For this great journey.' 
 ferret: the subj. with qui restricting a general statement, ' the 
 sort of person who.' Eoby 1692. For the visit of Paris to 
 Sparta, see on 5. 41. 
 
 60. pars quota 'how large a portion of the resources of 
 his kingdom is in each prince's train.' quotus ' what fraction 
 of,' is generally used to mean ' how small a fraction?' But as 
 it is a perfectly neutral word, there is no reason why it should 
 not mean the one as well as the other, quotus is for instance 
 perfectly neutral in the phrase quotus esse veils rescribc (Hor. 
 Ep. 1, 5, 30), 'write word how many you wish to be at dinner,' 
 lit. 'what fraction (large or small) of your company you wish to 
 be.' And Ovid elsewhere uses it for 'how large a proportion, ' 
 cf . M. 7, 522 Et quota pars illi rerum periere mearum, ' How 
 large a part of my power perished in them!' It is entirely 
 against all sense for Laodamia to say ' Paris came laden with 
 wealth, and with how small a portion of his kingdom.' 
 I cannot therefore agree either with Palmer or Kamsay in 
 their explanations, which indeed I scarcely understand, quem- 
 que refers to the various chieftains we may suppose to have 
 been in the train of Paris. 
 
 61. censors Ledaea gemellis: Helen and Clytemnestra 
 were born from one egg, Castor and Pollux from the other, of 
 Leda. censors gemellis 'sister to the twins.' Censors is a 
 favourite word with Ovid, and he uses it of various relation- 
 ships beside that of wife or husband, e.g. in M. 8, 444 consorti 
 sanguine is 'with the blood of the brother,' as also in 13, 663 
 consortia pectora. Above we have had (3, 47) consortes generis- 
 que necisque, of brothers. But the peculiarity here is the 
 construction of consors with the dative, which I do not think 
 can be paralleled in Ovid. 
 
 62. haec Danais posse nocere puto ' these are the things 
 which I think may damage the Greeks,' i.e. wealth and 
 splendour, which she says are able nocere 'to be prejudicial' to 
 the Greeks, by taking their fancy and so eventually leading to 
 the war.
 
 LAODAMIA PROTESILAO. 201 
 
 63 7. These lines are in the same spirit as those in 
 1, 1316. But the writer has forgotten that Laodamia living 
 in Thessaly was not likely to have heard the conversation of 
 Paris in Sparta, nescio quern : see on 7, 124. 3, 78. According 
 to Loers it expresses the vagueness of the information ; but the 
 Paris dixit implies that she heard it from Paris himself. 
 
 68. multos Hectoras, 'many men as dangerous as Hector.' 
 Shakespeare Eich. III. : ' I think there be six Eichmonds in the 
 field.' Loers quotes Suet. Cacs. 1 Caesari multos Marios 
 inesse. Troilus and Cress. 5, 5. ' There is a thousand Hectors 
 in the field.' 
 
 71. fas est 'if it is the will of fate," cf. Tr. 3, 5, 27 sen 
 temere expecto sive id contingere fas est. 
 
 76. viro : dat. of agent after gerund, see on 2, 115. 
 
 77. pugna vivere 'struggle to keep alive.' In 3, 25 we 
 h&ve pugnas ne; in Rent. 122 pugnat ire. pugna is used here 
 in a kind of double meaning : (1) join in the battle, (2) struggle 
 to do so and so. 
 
 86. 'My tongue stopped for fear of the bad omen.' A 
 chance word, that might be interpreted into meaning misfor- 
 tune, fear or failure, would be of evil omen in beginning a 
 journey. 
 
 88. Another bad omen in commencing any business 
 or journey was to stumble on the threshold. Hence, says 
 Professor Kamsay, a bride was always carried over the 
 threshold, both on leaving her father's, and entering her 
 husband's, house. He quotes Am. 1, 12, 3, on receiving an 
 unfavourable answer from his mistress : 
 
 Omina stint aliquid, modo cum discedere vellet, 
 
 Ad limen digitos restitit icta Nape. 
 Missa foras iterum limen transire memento 
 Cautius; atque alte sobria ferre pedem. 
 
 Tibullus 1, 3, 19 Oh I quotiens ingressus Her; mihi tnstia, 
 dixi Ojfensum in porta signa dedisse pedem. 
 
 89 90. i.e. she tries to avert the evil omen, by assuming 
 that it is a good one. 
 
 91. animosus 'full of spirit,' implying 'too full for safety.' 
 Cf. 8, 1. 
 
 92. fac ' see that this fear of mine is all given to the winds.' 
 The winds and waves are the Poet's receptacle for all that IB 
 vain and false, see on 2, 25.
 
 202 NOTES. XIIJ. 
 
 93. sors 'the oracle.' As one way of consulting an oracle 
 was by drawing lots, sors came to mean, at any rate in poetry, 
 any oracular response. Of. F. 2, 713 Consulitur Phoebus. 
 Sors est ita reddita: t Matri Qui dederit princeps oscula, victor 
 erit.' 
 
 94. Troada: the feminine adjective Troas occurs again 
 below v. 137. Of. Lemnias 6, 139. 
 
 96. strenuus, like animosus above v. 91, means 'too active 
 for safety.' The word is connected with or/o^os, and perhaps 
 our 'strength,' 'strong.' 
 
 97. mille : used indefinitely for a large number. Cf. Aen. 
 
 2, 98 quos.-.non anni domuere decem non mille carinae. 
 
 98. lam fatigatas 'when they have already been well 
 worked by other people's oars.' So M. 8, 825 dentemque in 
 dente fatigat 'he works one tooth on another,' i.e. with no food 
 between them. 
 
 101. remoque veloque 'speed on your ship with oar and sail 
 together,' i.e. make all possible haste. As a rule rowing would 
 only go on when sailing was impossible. Cf. Rem. 789 Illo 
 Lotophagos, illo Sirenas in antro Esse puta: remit adice vela 
 tuis. For the use of oars where sailing becomes dangerous or 
 impossible see Aen. B, 207 vela cadunt, remis insurgimns, 
 and ib. 563 Laevam cuncta cohors remis ventisque petivit. The 
 expression became proverbial; cp. Cic. Fam. 12, 25 inde ventis 
 remis in patriam omni fastinatione properavi. Plaut. Asm. 1, 
 
 3, 5 Remigi is velisque quantum poteris festina etfuge. 
 
 104. dolor, 'a source of sorrowful anxiety.' Loers quotes 
 Tr. 3, 3. 17 Te loquor absentem, te vox mea nominal unam, Nulla 
 venit sine te nox mihi, nulla dies. 
 
 107. aucupor 'I snatch eagerly at,' cf. 9, 41. mendaces : 
 she calls her sleep mendax, because in it she enjoys an imaginary 
 interview with her husband. 
 
 110. ' Ah ! why in your words is there many a mournful 
 sound?' Ovid sometimes uses venit as little more than equiva- 
 lent to fit, see 4, 26. querella is here equivalent to verbum 
 triste. 
 
 [Palmer has transformed the line thus, cur venit, a verbis 
 muta, querella latens? 'Why does a dark complaint, unex- 
 pressed in words, reach my ears?' How indeed could it, 
 if unexpressed? If querella latens must stand, owing to the 
 corruption tens in P., it would still be wrong to read muta :
 
 LAODAMIA PROTESILAO. 203 
 
 and it should perhaps be translated 'an undercurrent of 
 sadness' or 'lamentation.' However I think there is little or 
 no reason for any further change than that of Madvig. P. may 
 be 'the only MS. of any value," yet the unanimity of all others 
 shows a unity of tradition which is worth something.] 
 
 111. simulacra., .adoro : 'I propitiate the phantoms of the 
 night.' For simulacra see on 10, 95. The object of this 
 propitiation was to obviate the evil effects of a dream. For this 
 purpose there were several solemn observances, such as dipping 
 three times in water. See Arist Ran. 1339 fftp/j-fre 8' $8<ap us 
 av Oeiov Sveipov a.iroK\\iffu. Aen. 8, 67 Nox Aenean somnusque 
 reliquit. Surgit et aetherid spectans orientia Soils Lumina, rite 
 cavis undam de flumine palmis Sustinet, ac tails cjfundit ad 
 aethera voces. Persius 2, 15 Tiberino in gurgite mergis Mane 
 caput bis terque, et noctem flumine purgas t Propert. 4, 10, 13 
 Ac primum pura somnum tibi discute lympha. 
 
 112. fumo meo, i. e. a sacrifice from me. Thessalis : fern, 
 adj. from Thessalus. Cp. Argolis (6, 81), Sithonis (2, 6), 
 Aetolis (9, 131), Tantalis (8, 122). 
 
 113 4. Laodamia says that her tears falling on the fire 
 of the altar had the same effect as the wine which was usually 
 employed to extinguish the embers, and which had the effect oi 
 making them blaze up, and then go out. 
 
 115. quando : see on 1, 11. 
 
 116. langulda a laetitla mea, 'faint from sheer joy,' cf. a 
 somno languida 10, 9. For solvar, i.e. 'relax my embrace,' see 
 supr. 12. For the position of ipsa see 9, 96. 12, 18. 
 
 120 1. narrantia verba=rer5a narrantis, cf. 11, 69 pre- 
 cantia verba. 
 
 In his : sc. osculis. 
 
 122. promptlor' more fluent.' F. 4, 310 ad rigidos prompta- 
 que lingua senes. 
 
 123 4. BUbit...snbeunt 'occur to my mind,' see sapr. 51. 
 cadlt: cf. 9,42. 
 
 126. invltis aquis 'though the sea forbids,' cf. 2, 100 
 pelago negante, referring to the detention of the fleet at 
 Aulis. 
 
 127 8. ' Which of you would wish to sail home against a 
 contrary wind ? And to venture from home when a storm at sea 
 forbids it ? ' The emphasis is on in patriam and a patria.
 
 204 NOTES. XIII. 
 
 129. suam ad urbem, i.e. Troy, the walls of which were 
 said to have been built by Neptune and Apollo; of. 3, 151 
 Neptunia Pergama. 
 
 132. 'That delay is caused not by random accident, but by 
 God.' Casus and numlnis are subjective genitives, to both of 
 which mora belongs. 
 
 134. vertlte vela, i.e. sail back home, cf. 10, 149. 
 
 Inachiae 'Argive' and then generally 'Greek.' Inachus son 
 of Oceanus was said to have been first king of Argos. See 14, 
 23, 105. 
 
 135. omen : see 86. 
 
 137. Troasln : dat. phir. of Troas (supr. 94). Cf. Lemniasin 
 A. A. 3, 672. sic 'as they will,' see ou 12, 157. 
 
 138. conspicient 'will have a full view of.' 
 
 140. baTbara, i.e. Trojan, non-Hellenic. See on 1, 26. 
 
 144. referas 'take care that you bring back these arms to 
 dedicate to Jupiter Kedux,' see supr. 50. fac referas: see 
 on 2, 66, supr. 92. 
 
 147. haec, i.e. the bride, exult: for the construction of 
 this verb see on 9, 111. 
 
 151. diverse In orbe 'in a different part of the world,' 
 Tr. 3, 1, 26 longinquo referam lassus db orbe pedem. 
 
 152 158. For this part of the legend see introduction 
 to this Epistle. Palmer says that it is 'unspeakably silly.' 
 But has he not done something to create the silliness which he 
 derides by translating cera 'a doll'? It is in fact the word 
 used for a likeness or image, generally, it ia true, of the 
 departed ; but still if done in the lifetime there is 110 reason 
 for supposing that it should be on the footing of a mere doll. 
 Such 'images' were sometimes coloured and made with con- 
 siderable art, Tr. 2, 521 prisca virorum Artifici fulgent corpora 
 picta manu: and were successful as likenesses, Mart. 7, 44 
 Maximum ille. tuus, Ovidi, Caesonius hie eat, Cujus adhuc vultum 
 vivida cera tenet. See Eich, Diet, of Antiq. ' Cera.' That 
 these cerae were used as portraits of lovers is also shown by 
 Rem. 732, where Ovid refers to this legend, Si poles ct ceras re- 
 move : quid imagine muta Carperis? hoc periit Laodamia modo. 
 
 159. mea numina. Cf. F. 2, 842 perque tuos Manes qui 
 mihi numen erunt.
 
 LAODAMIA PROTESILAO. 205 
 
 161 2. ut=utinam: a use which seems not Ovidian, but 
 which is more commonly found in solemn formulas of cursing, 
 etc. e.g. Ter. Haut. 810 ut di te perduint. 
 
 'And by that head, which I pray I may see grow white with 
 hoary locks, which I pray that you may be able to bring back 
 home yourself,' i.e. not have sent back, mere ashes in the 
 funeral urn. The lines, especially the second, are exceedingly 
 weak, not to say (with Palmer) absurd. 
 
 166. ' If you care for me, take care of yourself.' 
 
 XIV. 
 
 HYPEKMNESTRA LYNCEO. 
 
 AZGYVTDS and Danaus were twin sons of Belus, king of 
 Egypt. The former had fifty sons, the latter fifty daughters. 
 Aegyptus wished his sons to marry their cousins. Danaus 
 however had been warned by an oracle that he would perish by 
 the hands of a sou-in-law. He therefore with his daughters 
 fled to Argos. The sons of Aegyptus pursued them thither; 
 and Danaus at last yielded to their wishes, but gave each of his 
 daughters a sword with which he bade them kill their respective 
 husbands. All obeyed except the eldest, Hypermnestra, who 
 spared her husband Lynceus. For this her father threw her 
 into prison. She was tried by an Argive tribunal, and acquitted ; 
 and her father afterwards forgave her and united her to Lynceus. 
 From her prison she writes this letter to Lynceus. 
 
 [The longest account of this fable which we possess, and 
 which could have been in Ovid's hands, is that in Apollodorus, 
 book 2. The main incident is given by him in these words, al di 
 Koifj.difj.efat rods vvfj.<f>iovs AirtKreivav ir\T)v 'firfpnvriffrpas, airy Si 
 AvyKta. Sdffvac irdpOfvov aiirrjv (j>v\a.a.vTO.. It has been rendered 
 memorable to us by one of Horace's most successful Odes 
 (3, 11), and bis words have evidently been hi Ovid's mind. 
 Una de multis face nuptiali 
 Digna perjurum fuit in parentem 
 Splendide mendax, et in omne virgo 
 
 Nobilis aevum. 
 
 Surge, quae dixit juveni marito, 
 Surge; ne longus tibi somnus, unde 
 Non times, detur: socerum et scelestas 
 Falle sorores;
 
 206 NOTES. XIV. 
 
 Quae velut, nactae vitulos leaenae, 
 Singulos eheu ! lacerant : ego illis 
 Mollior, nee te feriam, neque intra 
 
 Claustra tenebo. 
 
 Me pater saevis oneret catenis, 
 Quod viro clemens misero peperci: 
 Me vel extremes Numidarum in agros 
 
 Classe releget. 
 
 I, pedes quo te rapiunt et aurae 
 Dum favet nox et Venus ; i secundo 
 Omine, et nostri memorem sepulchro 
 
 Sculpe querelam.'} 
 
 I. mittit : so. epistolam. Hypermnestra : the final -a 
 follows the quantity of the Greek. 
 
 6. rea ' an accused person :' this probably refers to the 
 legend (not mentioned in Apollodorus, but in Pausanias 2, 19, 
 6) of Hypermnestra having been tried and acquitted by an 
 Argive court. See introd. 
 
 9 10. igne: referring to the lighted nuptial torches, 
 the sanctity of which she had not violated, and which she says 
 her father may use for her funeral pyre. An association of ideas 
 before noticed, vid. on 2, 120. 6, 45. 12, 140. sacris: i.e. the 
 marriage rites, see 2, 120. 
 
 II. non bene 'with no good purpose,' i.e. wherewith to 
 murder my husband treacherously, ensem : attracted from the 
 ablative to the case of its relative quern. 
 
 iugulet : jugulari is to cut the throat, as opposed to stabbing, 
 M. 12, 484 medio jugulaberis ense, Quandoquidem, mucro est 
 hebes. 
 
 14. non est, quam piget esse piam ' she is not pious who 
 is sorry for being so.' A good action which one repents of ceases 
 to be a good action. Just as 'deliberate moral choice' before- 
 hand is needed, according to the philosopher, to constitute 
 a good action, piam and pia are equally admissible as Latin, 
 and piam is preferable both from considerations of prosody and 
 authority. 
 
 16. hie eventus 'this result,' i. e. remorse. 
 
 17. admonitu 'recollection,' cf. 9, 135. 
 
 18. orsa 'what I had just begun,' i.e. the writing of this 
 letter. The passive participle of ordior occurs again in Ad 
 Liviam 210 Tristia quum medius ruinperet orsa dolor, see on 12, 
 169 for these participles.
 
 HYPERMNESTRA LYNCEO. 207 
 
 20. de caede non sibl facta 'about a murder which she did 
 not commit.' sibi : the dative of agent, cf. 2, 115 and index, 
 putes: subjunctive with restrictive relative, cf. 13, 58. 'The 
 woman whom you believe capable of murdering her husband, 
 shrinks from even writing about a murder which she did not 
 commit.' 
 
 28. 'At the very beginning of night, when one does not 
 know whether to call it the beginning of night or the end of 
 day.' Aeschylus (Cho. 55) calls this border-land juercux/u" 
 aKbrov. Cf. Shakespeare, 'How goes the night?' 'Almost at 
 odds with morning, which is which.' 
 
 23. Inachides : ' descendants of Inachus, 'i.e. 'we daughters 
 of Danaus.' Inachus was the mythical ancestor of the family 
 (13, 134), which claimed to be descended thus: Inachus, lo, 
 Epaphus, Libya, Belus, Danaus. 
 
 Felasgl : Pelasgus according to Aeschylus was the king of 
 Argos when the Danaids arrived there, Suppl. 248 9 ^uoO 5' 
 dvajeros fii\6yus tTr&vvfj.oi' ytvos Hf\a<ryuv TqvSe KapTrovrai 'xJ&bva. 
 Apollodorus however calls him Gelanor. But Danaus and 
 Pelasgus are mythical personages whose names arise from those 
 of the ancient inhabitants of the Peloponnesus the Danai and 
 Pelasgi who by the usual inversion of mythology are said to 
 derive their appellation from those kings. 
 
 24. socer : i. e. Aegyptus. Palmer quotes Euripides from 
 Aristoph. Ran. 1207 to show that Aegyptus according to some 
 legends accompanied his sons: Atyvirros us 6 irXeTffTos fffirapTcu 
 \6yos (ritv iraia'i irevr-fjKOVTa tavri\(f tr\a.rjj "Ap-yos /caTaff^wv. 
 The two lines seem to infer that Pelasgus is entertaining the 
 sons of Aegyptus and that the brides are brought home 
 to their husbands in his palace ; whereas in Aeschylus it is the 
 daughters of Danaus who are entertained and protected by 
 Pelasgus. 
 
 26. In invites focos: the epithet which belongs to the Gods 
 transferred to their altars. This marriage she means was 
 contrary to the will of heaven, 
 
 27 8. Hymen Hymenaee : cf. 12, 143. lovis conjuz ' Juno 
 pronuba,' cf. 6, 43. urbe sua: Argos, of which Juno was the 
 tutelary deity. 
 
 29. comltum clamore frequentes, sc. clamoribus comitum 
 frequentium celebrati, ' amidst the shouts of thronging com- 
 rades :'cf. 12,143. 
 
 30. madidas: i.e. with unguents. A mark of their disso- 
 luteness, cf. M. 3, 544 6 Quern neque bellajuvant, nee tela, nee 
 usus equorum. Sea madidi murra crines mollesque coronae.
 
 208 NOTES. XIV. 
 
 34. securum per Argos. The Latins used the word Argos 
 (1) as a neuter indeclinable, aptum dicet equis Argos, Hor. Od. 
 1, 7, 9, (2) as a plural in the oblique cases, dulces reminiscitur 
 Argos, Virg. Aen. 10, 782. Ecce autem Inachiis sese referebat 
 ab Argis Saeva Jovis conjunx, ib. 7, 286, cf. Varro, L. L. 9, 89 
 itaque dicimus hie Argus cum hominem dicimus, cum oppidum 
 Graecanice hoc Argus, cum Latine Argel. 
 
 36. tamen refers to videbar, 'nay, I not only thought I 
 heard, I actually had heard them.' 
 
 quodque verebax erat 'and what I was dreading might 
 happen, was actually happening.' 
 
 39 40. Cf. 10, 139 corpus ut impulsae segetes aquilonibus 
 horret, and Amor. 1, 7, 53 Exanimis artus et membra trementia 
 vidi, Ut cum populeas ventilat aura comas. 
 
 42. ' And the wine I had given you was the wine of sleep. ' 
 The use of soporifics was well known to the ancients, cf. F. 4 
 547 abstinet alma Ceres somnique papavera causas Dat tibi cum 
 tepido lacte bibenda, puer. The genitive sopons is doubtless 
 bold, and I am inclined to think that some emendation may be 
 wanted, though for more reasons than one I cannot accept 
 Palmer's. 
 
 46. reccidit (cf. Rem. 610} arises from the reduplicated 
 perfect cecidit. The syllable re is long either from the doubling 
 of the consonant, or on the principle of compensation for a lost 
 syllable, cp. repperi for re-peperi, rettuli for re-tetuli. male 
 sublato ' scarcely raised,' cf. 4, 23. 
 
 51 2. lanlata: cf. 7, 175. purpureos : as being a princess, 
 cf. 5, 88. exiguo sono 'in a whisper,' abl. of quality with 
 epithet. 
 
 56. faciunt ad 'tender woman's hands are not fit to use 
 cruel weapons,' cf. 6, 128; also facere cum aliquo. A. A. 3, 762. 
 By exactly the same idiom we might say ' Soft hands don't do 
 for cruel weapons.' 
 
 57. quln age: Eoby 1617. 
 
 58. omnibus: dat. of agent, see above, v. 20. For Ovid's 
 use of ablative of agent without ab (which it is possible to 
 consider this) see index. 
 
 59. aliquam ' any,' emphatic.
 
 HYPERMNESTRA LYNCEO. 209 
 
 61 2. aut, referring to alternative implied in previous 
 lines. 'Can I be capable of committing such a murder, or can 
 they be said to deserve it?' Cf. 10, 111. 12, 13. 
 
 'Have they deserved death for occupying their uncle's 
 realms, which after all would have had to be given to sons-in- 
 law of another family,' i.e. if these men who are of our own 
 blood had not taken them. The emphasis is on externis, and 
 Hypermnestra seems to argue that after all the sons of Aegyptus, 
 by marrying their cousins, have saved the realm from going out 
 of the family. A trisyllable at the end of the pentameter 
 is not used elsewhere in the earlier poems of Ovid; but we 
 should not therefore be too hasty in rejecting the line, when we 
 consider that it is a licence which Ovid's predecessors often took, 
 and which he afterwards allowed himself. 
 
 63 64. ' Even if they have deserved death, how have we 
 deserved to burden ourselves with so dreadful a pollution as 
 their blood?' 
 
 65. quid mihi, 'what have I to do with a sword? ' Am. 1, 7, 
 27 quid mihi vobiscum, caedis scelerisque ministrae ? Tr. 2, 1 
 quid mihi vobiscum est, infelix cura, libelli ? F. 2. 101 quid tibi 
 cum flladio / Cf. 6, 47, and Mayor on Pliny Ep. 8, 9, 27. quid 
 bellica tela puellae ' what have weapons of war to do with a 
 girl?' a less common but perfectly intelligible phrase. 
 
 67. sua verba 'the words which called them forth, ' or 
 1 which suited them.' 
 
 73. surge age, Belide: from Horace, Surge quae dixit 
 juveni marito, surge, ne longus tibi sommts, unde non times, 
 detur, etc. 
 
 Belide, voc. of Belides, cf. Achille (3, 25 etc.), Aesonide (6, 
 109), Alcide (9, 75). Lynceus is grandson of Belus; see 
 introduction. 
 
 mo do here and in v. 1 seems to mean 'but lately alive,' 
 joined closely withfratribiis. 
 
 77. tu fugis, ipsa moror, present for future or imperative, 
 expressing instant and eager action, see on 2, 20. 
 
 79 80. ex caede 'after the slaughter.' dinumerat 'counts 
 one by one,' i. e. carefully, summa ' the full tale,' cf. 2, 56. 
 
 81. cognatae mortis 'of the death of his kinsmen.' cf. 4, 
 138, cognato nomine, iacturam: properly, 'a throwing uway,' 
 hence, any 'loss.' 
 
 o. H
 
 210 NOTES. XIV. 
 
 82. fact! sanguinis parum esse ' that there had not been 
 enough blood shed.' Loers quotes Livy 2, 30 plus sanguinis ibi 
 factum, see also ib. 35, 51 sanguinem usquam factum audire. 
 
 83. a patrils pedibus 'from my father's feet,' at which I 
 had thrown myself as a suppliant. 
 
 84. haec ' such as this ! ' see 8, 53 and index. 
 
 85. scilicet 'the truth is that.' ex Ulo 'from that time.' 
 
 86. quo: Madvig would read quom = ex quo tempore, cf. 
 Ter. Haut. 54 and note. 
 
 ex nomine ' from a woman.' She now refers to the story 
 of lo, her ancestress (see v. 23), and declares that Juno's wrath 
 with the family has lasted since her time. 
 
 ex bove facta dea 'from a heifer became a goddess,' i.e. Isis, 
 see Paley on F. 5, 620. 
 
 89 90. liquid! parentis: lo was daughter of the Kiver- 
 god Inachus. non sua ' that did not naturally belong to her.' 
 Jupiter turned her into a heifer to escape the jealousy of Juno, 
 who first set Argus to watch her, and when he was killed, 
 tormented her with a gadfly. 
 
 93. umbra 'in your shadow,' i.e. reflected on the water. 
 For umbrae of shadows cast by objects, cf. M. 3, l^ijamque dies 
 medius rerum contraxerat umbras. 
 
 94. factos ad 'made to correspond,' i.e. four feet, instead 
 of two. 
 
 95. pelex 'rival,' cf. 9, 121. sorori 'by Juno,' dat. after 
 gerund, see 13, 76. 
 
 98. anna: i. e. her horns. 
 
 99 100. ' And you, who lately were so rich as to seem 
 worthy wen of Jupiter, now lie naked on the bare ground.' 
 Loers quotes M. 4, 261 Sedit humo nuda nudis incompta capillis. 
 
 101. cognata flumina : kin to her as daughter of the river 
 Inachus. 
 
 103. lo. The first syllable of lo is long in Greek, and in 
 Ovid elsewhere except Ibis 624, see on 62. 
 
 105 6. Inachi, vocative of feminine patronymic Inachis, 
 see on 13, 43.
 
 HYPERMNESTRA LYNGEO. 211 
 
 eadem seqnerls: 'you fly from this heifer which you see 
 reflected; but what you fly from is yourself; you are at once the 
 guide and the guided. ' 
 
 107 8. lo was said to have been restored to her proper 
 shape on the banks of the Nile, and there to have brought forth 
 her son Epaphus. 
 
 portus : for the 'mouths' of a river see Am. 2, 13, 9 
 Quaque celer Nilus late delapsus in alveo Per septem portus in 
 marts exit aquas, exult, see 13, 147. pelicis, see v. 95. 
 
 109 110. Hypermnestra now reverts from the Episode of 
 lo to her own case. 'Why should I tell of these remote events 
 which I only know from tradition ? The events of my own life- 
 time supply me with abundant subject for lamentation.' 
 
 quorum mini cana senectus auctor ' of which hoar antiquity 
 is my informant.' cana senectus may be a general term for 
 antiquity, i.e. the records of antiquity; or for cani senes the old 
 men who have handed down the traditions, ultima 'remote,' 
 of past time. Loers quotes Aen. 7, 49 sanguinis ultimus auctor. 
 anni mei 'my years' for 'the events of my years,' just as 
 tempera means 'the state of the times' or 'the events of the 
 times.' 
 
 Ill 2. pater patruusque : Danaus and Aegyptus. ultt- 
 mus orbis, 'a remote part of the world,' see 13, 151. 
 
 113 4. me, Aegyptus. inops, cf. 6, 162. cum sene 'with 
 our old father Danaus.' 
 
 116. fratrum 'my cousins, ' fratres patrueli, cf. 8, 28. 
 
 117 118. She means that her forty-nine sisters also 
 perished. Of this we hear nothing from any other source. 
 In fact Apollodorus states that by Jupiter's order they were 
 purified by Minerva and Mercury, and were all given as prizes 
 at gymnastic games. 
 
 120. ' What is to be done with a guilty woman, when I am 
 held guilty for a praiseworthy action ? ' rea agar are to be 
 taken together, lit. 'am accused of a noble deed.' laus = Zawdo- 
 bilefactum, cf. 8, 55. 
 
 121 122. 'The hundredth of a family of brothers and 
 sisters.' She counts her male cousins and her sisters as all on 
 the same footing as regards relationship. 
 
 123. sororis 'cousins,' as /niter, above, v. 116. 
 
 142
 
 212 NOTES. XIV. 
 
 124. 'And if you deserve to have all the favours I have 
 done you,' i.e. in saving your life. 
 
 125 6. ' Either help me, or (if you must) abandon me to 
 death, but at any rate see that my body is duly burnt.' que 
 couples adde closely with dede; she does not ask Lynceus to 
 abandon her to death, but puts the two alternatives, 'either 
 help me, or if you let me die, give me due funeral rites.' 
 
 furtivis 'secret,' because Danaus, in his anger against her, 
 would prevent it. 
 
 127. sepeli, i.e. bury the urn which contains my ashes. 
 
 128. sculptaque: Ovid is thinking of Horace again, et 
 nostri memorem sepulchre sculpe querelam. 
 
 129. prettum, cf. 84. 
 
 131 2. libet : ' I should like to write more, but my hand is 
 wearied with the weight of my chain.' vires 'my bodily 
 strength.'
 
 INDEX OF PROPER NAMES. 
 
 Acastus, 13, 25 
 
 Achaia, 8, 13 
 
 Achaei'adas matres, 3, 71 
 
 Achelous, 9, 139 
 
 Achilles, 8, 55; -em, 8, 45; -i, 
 
 8,85;-e(voc.),3, 25,41, 137 
 Achillides, sc. Pyrrhus, 8, 1 
 Achivis castris, 1, 21 
 Actaeas rates, 2, 6 
 Aeacides, 1, 35 ; -e (voc.), 3, 87; 
 
 8, 7, 55; -<lae, 8, 33 
 Aeeta, 12, 29 
 Aeetes, 12, 51; -tae, 6, 50 
 Aeetine, 6, 103 
 Aegeus, 10, 131 
 Aegides, 4, 59; -das, 2, 67 
 Aeginae, 3, 73 
 Aegisthus, 8, 53 
 Aeneas, 7, 195 ; -an, 7, 25, 29 ; 
 
 -a (voc.), 7, 9 
 Aeolus, 10, 66 
 Aesonifi, domo, 12, 134 ; Aeso- 
 
 nio juveni, 12, 66 
 Aesonides, 6, 25, 103; 12, 16; 
 
 -de (voc.), 6, 109 
 Aethrae, 10, 131 
 Aetolide DeianirH, 9, 131 
 Afrum litus, 7, 169 
 Agamemnona, 3, 83; Aga- 
 
 memnoniis puellis, 3, 38 
 Agrius, 9, 153 
 Alcide (voc.), 9, 75; -dae, 9, 
 
 133 
 
 Alcimide (voc.), 6, 105 
 Alecto, 2, 119 
 
 Amazonio viro, 4, 2 
 Amor, 7, 32 ; -orum, 7, 69 
 Amphitryon, 9, 44 
 Amyclaeo Castori Polluci, 8, 
 
 71 
 
 Amyntore, 3, 27 
 Anchisae, 7, 162 
 Androgeos, 10, 99 
 Andromache, 5, 107; -en, 8, 13 
 Anna, 7, 191 
 Antaeus, 9, 71 
 Antenor, 5, 95 
 Antilochus 1, 16; -urn, 1, 15 
 Antinoi, 1, 92 
 Aonii Alcidae, 9, 133 (note) 
 Apollinis, 8, 83 
 Argo (accus.), 6, 65; Argon, 
 
 12, 9 
 Argoiici duces, 1, 25 ; -eft nrbe, 
 
 6, 80; -co milite, 13, 71; 
 
 -cas manus, 8, 74 
 Argolidas, 6, 81 
 Argos, 14, 34. 
 Ascanius, 7, 77, 161 
 Atalanta, 4, 99 
 Athenas, 2, 83 
 Atlas, 9, 18 
 Atreus, 8, 27 
 Atrides, 5, 101 ; Atride (abl.), 3, 
 
 39; -dae, 3, 148 
 Augen, 9, 49 
 Aurorae, 4, 95 
 
 Baccha, 10, 48 
 Bacchi, 4, 47; 6, 115
 
 214 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Bolide (voc.), 14, 73 
 Bicorniger (sc. Bacchus), 13,33 
 Bistonia aqua (sc. Thracian), 
 
 2, 90 
 
 Boreas, 13, 15 
 Briseide, 3, 1 ; -da, 3, 137 
 Busiris, 9, 69 
 
 Carthago, 7, 11; -ginis, 7, 19 
 
 Castori, 8, 71 
 
 Cecropi terra (voc.), 10, 100 
 
 Cecropios portus, 10, 125 
 
 Centaurs the, 9, 99, 100 
 
 Cephalus, 4, 93 
 
 Cerberus, 9, 94 
 
 Cerealis Eleusin, 4, 67 
 
 Cinyrfi, 4, 97 
 
 Colchi, 12, 9, 159; -orum, 12, 
 
 l;-os, 6, 136; 12, 23 
 Colchis venenis, 6, 131 
 Creontis, 12, 54 
 Cressa, 2, 76 ; 4, 2 
 Crete, 4, 163; 10, 67 
 Cretaeam humum, 10, 106 
 Creusae, 12, 53 
 Cytheriacis aquis, 7, 60 
 
 Danaas opes, 3, 86 
 
 Danai, 3, 113, 127; 8, 22; 13, 
 
 131 ; -aum, 13, 94 ; -ais, 1,3; 
 
 5,93, 154; 13, 62 
 Danaus, 8, 14; 14, 79; -urn, 14, 
 
 15 
 
 Dardana sacra, 7, 158 
 Dardanidae,13, 79 
 Dardanius advena (sc. Paris), 
 
 8, 42 
 Deianira, 9, 146, 152, 158, 
 
 164;-r&, 9, 131 
 Deiphobo, 5, 94 
 Delia (dea), 4, 40 
 Demophoon, 2, 1, 25, 107, 
 
 147; -onta, 2, 98 
 Dia (so. Naxos), 10, 86 
 
 (Palmer). 
 Dianae, 12, 69, 79 
 Dido, 7, 7, 17, 68, 168, 196 ; 
 
 133 (accus.). 
 
 Diomedis, 9, 67 
 Dolona, 1, 39 
 Dryades, 4, 49 
 Dulichii, 1, 87 
 Dyspari, 13, 43 
 
 Eleleides, 4, 47 
 
 Eleusin, 4, 67 
 
 Elissa, 7, 102, 193 
 
 Ephyren, 12, 27 
 
 Erymantho, 9, 87 
 
 Erinys, 6, 45; -nyes, 11, 103 
 
 Eumenides, 7, 96 
 
 Enropen, 4, 55 
 
 Eurus, 7, 42 
 
 Eurybates, 3,9; -ti, 3, 10 
 
 Eurymachi, 1, 92 
 
 Eurystheus, 9, 7, 45 
 
 Eurytis, -idos, 9, 133 
 
 Eveno, 9, 141 
 
 Faunus, 5, 138; -ni, 4, 49 
 
 Gaetulo larbae, 7, 125 
 
 Geryones, 9, 92 
 
 Gnosia tellus, 4, 68 
 
 Gorge, 9, 165 
 
 Graeca litera, 3, 2 
 
 Graecia, 3, 84 
 
 Graia juvenca, 5, 118, 124; 
 turba, 12, 10; corpora, 12, 
 30; juventus, 12, 203 
 
 Haemonio viro. 13, 2 ; -ias 
 
 urbes, 12, 127; -iisoris, 6,23 
 Haemonis Laodamia, 13, 2 
 Haenmm, 2, 113 
 Hebrus, 2, 114; -bri, 2, 15 
 Hecates, 12, 168 
 Hector, 1, 36; 3, 86; 5, 93; 
 
 13, 63, 65 ; -re, 1, 15 ; -ras, 
 
 13, 68 
 Hectoreum latus, 3, 125 ; -reo 
 
 nomine, 1, 14 
 Hecubae, 5, 84 
 Helene, 5, 75 ; -nam, 8, 99 
 Hercule, 9, 18, 129 ; -Us 9, 27, 
 
 149
 
 OF PROPER NAMES. 
 
 215 
 
 Herculeo collo, 9, 57 ; -leae 
 
 comae, 9, 64 
 Hermione (abl.), 8, 59 
 Hiberi, 9, 91 
 Hippodamia, 8, 70 
 Hippolytum, 4, 36; -to, 4, 164 
 Hyllus, 9, 44;-le, 9,168 
 Hymen, 6, 44, 45; 9, 134; 12, 
 
 137, 143; 14, 27 
 Hymenaeus, 2, 13; -aee, 12, 
 
 143 ; 14, 27 
 
 Hypermnestra, 14, 1, 53, 129 
 Hypsipyle, 6, 8, 59, 153 ; -les, 
 
 6, 132 
 
 larbae, 7, 125 
 
 lardanis nympha (so. Om- 
 
 phale), 9, 103 
 lason, 6, 37, 119, 139; 12, 
 
 151 ; -ona, 6, 77 
 Icarius, 1, 81 
 Ida, 5, 138 
 Idaeo colle, 4, 48 ; Idaeo hospite 
 
 (so. Paris), 8, 73 
 Ide, 13, 53;Iden, 5, 73 
 Iliacis, 13, 38 
 ffios, 1, 48 
 Inachi (voc.), 14, 105 
 Inachiae rates, 13, 134 
 Inachides, 14, 23 
 lo, 14, 103 
 
 loles, 9, 133 ; -en, 9, 6 
 loniacas puellas, 9, 73 
 Iphiclus, 13, 25 
 Irus, 1, 95 
 
 Ismariis equis, 1, 46 
 Isthmos, 8, 69; 12, 104; -on, 
 
 4, 105 
 
 Itala regna, 7, 10 
 lulus, 7, 153; -li, 7, 83, 137; 
 
 -lo, 7, 75 
 
 Jove, 8, 48; 9, 22; -em, 8, 68; 
 
 -vi, 4, 36; 10, 68; 13, 50, 
 
 144; 14,88; -vis, 3, 73; 4, 
 
 163; 14, 28, 95 
 Juno, 4,35; 5,35; 6,43,45; 
 
 9,5,11,26; 12, 87; -onis, 9, 
 
 45; -onein, 2, 41 
 
 Jupiter, 4, 56, 133; 6, 162 
 
 Lacedaeruona, 1, 5; -ue, 8, 11 
 
 Lacaenam, 5, 99 
 
 Laertes, 1, 98, 105; -ten, 1, 
 
 113; -tfi, 3, 29 
 Lanio, 9, 54 
 Laodamia, 13, 2, 36, 70 
 Leda, 8, 79 
 Ledaea consors gemellis (so. 
 
 Helen), 13, 61 
 Lemniadum, 6, 139 
 Lemnos, 6, 50, 117, 136 
 Lernaeis venenis, 9, 115 
 Lesbides puellae, 3, 36 
 Lucina, 6, 122 
 Lyciam has tarn, 1, 19 
 Lycurgi, 2, 111 
 Lydo Lamo, 9, 54 
 Lynceu, 14, 123 
 Lyrnesia moenia, 3, 45 
 
 Maeandros,9, 55 ; -dri, 7, 2 
 Maenalis Atalanta, 4, 99 
 Maeonia zona", 9, 65 
 Magnetida Argon, 12, 9 
 Mars, 7, 160; -tis, 6, 10,32; 
 
 12,41; -te3, 88 
 Medea, 6, 75, 127, 151; 12, 5, 
 
 25; -eae, 6, 128, 151; 12, 
 
 182; -earn, 6, 127 
 Medonta, 1, 91 
 Melanthius, 1, 95 
 Meleagre, 9, 151 
 Menoetiades, 3, 23; -den, 1, 17 
 Menelaus, 8, 37 ; 13,73; -lae, 
 
 13, 47;-laon, 5, 105 
 Minerva, 5, 36 
 Mino'ia, 4, 61 
 Minoo Thoante, 6, 114 
 Minos, 4, 157; 10, 91 
 Minyis (so. Thessalians) , 6, 
 
 47; 12, 65 
 Mopsopia urbe (sc. Athens) 
 
 8,72 
 Mycenaea manu, 5, 2 ; -aeum 
 
 (virurn), 3, 109 
 Mycenis, 7, 166
 
 216 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Neleiaarva, 1, 63 
 Nemeaea pestis, 9, 61 
 Neoptolemo, 8, 82; -i, 8, 115 
 Neptnnia Pergama, 3, 151 
 Neptuuius heros, 4, 109 
 Neptunus, 13, 129 
 Nereides, 5, 57 
 Nereus, 3, 74 ; 9, 14 
 Nesseo veneno, 9, 163 
 Nessus, 9, 142, 161 
 Nestor, 1, 38; -oris, 1, 63 
 Nilus, 14, 107 
 
 Oechaliam, 9, 1 
 Oenides, 3, 92 ; 4, 99 
 Oenone, 5, 3, 22, 80, 115, 133 ; 
 
 -nen, n, 32 
 Oeta, 9, 147 
 
 Ogygiodeo (sc. Bacchus), 10, 48 
 Orestes, 8, 101 ; -te (voc.) 8, 15 ; 
 
 -ti, 8, 59 ; -tis, 8, 9, 115 
 Ormeni nympha (voc.), 9, 50 
 
 Panes, 4, 171 
 
 Paris, 5, 29, 32; 13, 63; -idi, 
 
 8, 20 
 
 Partheniis vallibus, 9, 49. 
 Pasiphae, 4, 57 
 Pegasis Oenone, 5, 3 
 Pelasgi (the hero), 14, 23 
 Pelasgum virum, 12, 83 
 Pelasgiadas urbes, 9, 3 
 Peleus, 3, 135 
 Peliae, 6, 101 ; 12, 129 
 Pelias arbor (sc. the Argo), 12, 
 
 8; hasta, 3, 128 
 Pelides, 8, 84 
 Pelopem and -pis, 8, 47 
 Pelopeius Atreus, 8, 27 ; -eia, 
 
 8,82 
 
 Penates, 7, 77 
 Penelope, 1, 1 
 Pergama, 1,32, 51; 3, 152; 7, 
 
 143 
 
 Phaedra, 4, 74; -drae, 4, 112 
 Phasia Aeetine, 6, 103 
 Phasiacam aquam, 12, 10 
 Phasidis, 6, 108 (note) 
 
 Pheres, 12, 149 (note) 
 
 Phoebe, 8, 77 
 
 Phoebus, 13, 103; -bi, 1,67;10, 
 
 91 
 
 Phoenix, 3, 129 
 Phrixeas oves, 6, 104; -earn 
 
 ovem, 12, 8 
 Phthias, 7, 165 
 Phthiis remis. 3, 65 
 Phrygid, 9, 128 
 Phrygia fraude, 7, 68; -gias 
 
 opes, 8, 14; 13, 58; -giis 
 
 sylvis, 5, 3; -gii sanguinis, 
 
 5, 120; -gio sanguine, 1,54 
 Phylaceldes, 13, 35 
 Phyllis, 2, 1, 60, 106; Phylli 
 
 (voc.), 2, 98, 138;-ida,2,105, 
 
 147 
 
 Pirithoi, 4, 110; -urn, 4, 112 
 Pisaudrum, 1, 91 
 Pittheia regna, 4, 107 
 Pittheidos Aethrae, 10, 131 
 Polluci, 8, 71 
 Polybum, 1, 91 
 Polydamanta, 5, 94 
 Ponti, 12, 28 
 Priamus, 1, 4; 5, 83, 95; -mi, 
 
 1,34; 3, 20; 5, 82; 7, 143 
 Priamides, (sc. Paris), 5, 11; 
 
 -de (voc.), 13, 43 
 Procrustes, 2, 69 
 Protesilaus, 13, 16, 84, 156; 
 
 -ae, 13, 12 
 
 Punica humus, 7, 140 
 Pygmalionis, 7, 150 
 Pylo, 1, 64; -on, 1, 63, 100 
 Pyrrhus, 3, 136; 8, 1, 42, 103; 
 
 e, 8, 8; -o, 8, 36 
 
 Khesum, 1, 39 
 Ehodope, 2, 113 
 Ehodopeia Phyllis, 2, 1 
 
 Samii, 1, 87 
 Saturno, 4, 132 
 Satyri, 4, 171 ; 5, 135 
 Sciron, 2, 69 
 Soylla, 12, 123, 124
 
 OF PROPER NAMES. 
 
 217 
 
 Soyria membra (sc. Neopto- 
 
 lemos), 8, 112 
 
 Scythia, 12, 27; -iae, 6, 107 
 Sidonio amictu, 9, 101 
 Sigeia tellus, 1, 33 
 Simois, 1, 33; 13, 53; -oenta, 
 
 7, 145 
 Sinis, 2, 70 
 
 Sisyphias opes, 12, 204 
 Sithonis unda, 2, 6 
 Sparte, 1, 65 ; -ten, 1, 65 
 Stheneleius hostis (so. Eurys- 
 
 theus), 9, 25 
 Sychaeus, 7, 99 ; -aei, 7, 193; 
 
 -aeo, 7, 97 
 Symplegades, 12, 121 
 
 Taesaris soror (so. Helen), 
 
 8, 72 
 
 Taenariae maritae (sc. Helen), 
 
 13,45 
 
 Talthybius, 3, 9 ; -o, 3, 10 
 Tanai, 6, 107 
 Tantalides (sc. Agamemnon), 
 
 8, 45; -dae (sc. Orestes), 8, 
 
 122 
 
 Tantalides matres, 8, 66 
 Tantalis uxor (sc. Hermione), 
 
 8, 122 
 
 Tegeaeus aper, 9, 87 
 Telamone, 3, 27 
 Telemachus, 1, 98; -o, 1, 107 
 Tenedos, 13, 53 
 Terrigenae fratres, 12, 99 
 Teucri, 3, 130; -ris, 7, 140 
 Thebae, 2, 71 
 Theseides, 4, 65 
 Theseus, 4, 65, 111, 119; 5, 
 
 127, 8 ; -sen, 10, 3, 21, 35, 
 
 75, 101, 149; -sea, 2, 13; 10, 
 
 10, 34, 110 
 Thessaliae, 6, 1 ; -iis jugis, 9, 
 
 100 
 
 Thessalis ara, 13, 112 
 Thessalus, 6, 23 
 Theutrantia turba, 9, 51 
 
 Thoanta, 6, 135; -te, 6, 114 
 Thoantios (sc. Hypsipyle), 6, 
 
 164 
 
 Thracen, 2, 84 
 Thraces, 2, 81 
 Thracia castra, 1, 42 
 Threiciam lyram, 3, 118; -ioa 
 
 portus, 2, 108; -iis penatibus, 
 
 9, 89 
 
 Thybridas tmdas, 7, 145 
 Tiphy (voc.), 6, 48 
 Tisiphone, 2, 117 
 Titan, 8, 105 
 
 Tlepolemus, 1, 19; -mi, 1, 20 
 Tonantis, 9, 7 
 Trinacriae, 12, 126 
 Triton, 7, 50 
 Tritonide pinu (sc. the Argo), 
 
 6,47 
 Troas (Tros) 1, 13; -ada hu- 
 
 mum, 13, 94 
 
 Troas, 13, 94; -asin, 13, 137 
 Troja, 8, 104; 13, 123; -j&, 1, 
 
 49; -jam, 13, 71, 87 
 Trojae monitor (sc. Apollo), 
 
 5, 139 
 Troicus ensis, 7, 184 ; -ca fata, 
 
 1, 28 
 
 Tydeus, 9, 155 
 Tyndareus, 8, 31 
 Tyndaris, 5, 91 
 Tyriam urbem, 7, 151; -rio 
 
 ostro, 12, 179 
 
 Ulixes, 1, 35;3, 129; -e (voc.), 
 1, 1 ; -is, 1, 84 
 
 Venus, 3, 116; 4, 54, 136, 167; 
 5,35; 7, 31; 9, 11; -rem, 2, 
 39; 4,97, 102; -ri, 4, 88 
 
 Xanthus, 13, 53; -thi, 5, 30; 
 -the, 5, 31 
 
 Zacynthos, 1, 87 
 Zephyro, 11, 13
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 A, ab ' in accordance with ' 2, 86 ; ' by ' 
 ab aure 9,120; 'at the hands of 9, 
 36; solver ab 13, 12, 116; tutus ab 
 12, 154 ; (instrumental) a labe notan- 
 dus 4, 32 ; a somno languida 10, 9 ; 
 a laetitia languida 13, 116 ; ab imbre 
 graves 10, 138 ; dives ab 9, 96 ; cadere 
 ab 12, 18 ; deficior ab 5, 150 
 
 abjicere 7,1 
 
 ablative of the agent without preposi- 
 tion 2, 112. 4, 64 5, 75, 126. 6, 54. 12, 
 162. 14, 58 ; of efficient cause 4, 17. 
 12, 129, 149 ; in -e of adject in -is 8, 64 
 
 abundare 6, 76 
 
 accedere 7, 135. 9, 1 ; in 1, 96 
 
 acceptus 4, 121 
 
 accessus -U3 10, 64 
 
 accusative in exclamations without 
 verb 2, 53. 12, 84 
 
 acer amor 4, 70 
 
 acerbus 6, 160. 8, 117 
 
 acta ' achievements ' 8, 43 
 
 actor 'herdsman* 1, 95 
 
 actutuml2,207 
 
 acus -us 6, 92 
 
 ad 'after ', 108; factus ad 14, 94 ; fa- 
 cere ad 6, 128 ; ingeniosus ad 2, 22 
 
 adamas -antis 2, 137. 10, 109 
 
 adde fidem 7, 110. 12, 194 
 
 adductus 2, 131. 10, 15, 104 
 
 adedo 10, 26 
 
 adfigere 9, 189 
 
 adfundo 13, 114 
 
 adjungere (equos) 12,152 
 
 admissus ' at full speed ' 1, 36. 2, 114 ; 
 -urn 'fault '7, 104 
 
 admonere 3, 132 
 
 admonitus -us 9, 135. 14, 17 
 
 adolescere 6, 11 
 
 adponere 5, 47 
 
 adscribere 6, 99 
 
 adsuetus 6, 72 
 
 ailsum 'favour ' 6, 152 
 
 aduncus 4, 39. 12, 16 
 
 adurere4,33. 12,180 
 
 adveho 7, 150 
 
 advena 8, 42. 9, 121 
 
 adversus 'opposite' 4,172. 1J. 63. 13, 
 73; 'adverse '6, 7. 7,4,39 
 
 aedes raarmorea 7, 99. 12, 88 
 
 aenipedes 6, 32 
 
 aequaevum 8, 121 
 
 aequaliter 7, 49 
 
 aequus 1, 23. 2, 62. 3, 78 
 
 aeripedes 12, 97 
 
 agilis 4, 169 
 
 agmen equestre 9, 100 
 
 agere ' act the part of ' 2, 78 ; plus 3, 
 139; nil 12, 168 
 
 albere!3,161 
 
 alga 7, 172 
 
 alii 'for another' 5,59 
 
 aliquid 8,131. 4,4,29 
 
 alter 2, 84. 3, 11 
 
 alternare 6, 38 
 
 alternus 4, 89 
 
 amans (subst.) 2, 65, 93, 101. 4, 154 
 
 ambages 7, 149 
 
 ambiguus 10, 62 
 
 ambo 10, 57 
 
 amictus -Os 9, 101 
 
 amicum agmen 1, 46 
 
 amplector 13, 115 
 
 ancilla 2, 130 
 
 anguis6,98. 9,21. 12,60 
 
 anhelatus 12, 15 
 
 animus ' heart ' 7, 44 ; ' excitement ' 10, 
 27. 12,155; 'intention' 7,181; 'in- 
 clination' 13,85; 'senses' 3,60. 13, 
 29; 'affection '13, 160 
 
 mi 'anger '8, 85; 'pride '9, 105. 12, 
 
 184; 'heart' 5, 16 
 
 ma ' spirit ' 3, 105 ; ' life ' 3, 142. 9, 61 
 
 animosus 8, 1. 13,91 
 
 antiquus for vetus 1, 63 
 
 antithetical sentences 6, 1356. 8, 50 
 
 aperire jugulum 8, 53 
 
 applicor 7, 117 
 
 aporiopesis 12, 207 
 
 apte9,32. 13,121
 
 OVIDII EPTSTULAE. 
 
 219 
 
 aptus (with infin.) 2, 112. 9, 116; (with 
 qui and subj.) 3,70; (with dat.) 5, 
 88. 12,176. 13,11; -iorl4,66; (with- 
 out case) 'easy' 8,66. 
 
 aquosus 3, 53 
 
 ara 1, 110 
 
 arbiter 9, 45 
 
 arbitrium 5, 36. 8, 32. 12, 73 
 
 arbor Pelias (Argo) 12,8 
 
 arcanus9,40. 12,79 
 
 arcus 'arrows' 8, 85 
 
 ardua dextera 10, 102 
 
 area 1, 87 
 
 arena 5, 15 
 
 arista summa 5, 111 
 
 anna ferre 'to go to war' 8,18, 89 
 
 armenta 5, 79; tern pus 13, 42; 'to 
 accuse of ' (gen.) 14, 120 
 
 armifer 2, 84 
 
 ars 'workmanship' 3, 32; profession 
 4,25; artes 'pursuits' 4, 37; 'artifi- 
 cial refinement' 4, 77 ; character 1, 112 
 
 articulus 10, 140 
 
 aspicio 6, 68 
 
 assidui soles 5, 112 
 
 at 1, 44. 12, 1 
 
 attono 4, 50. 5, 37 
 
 auctor 8, 31 
 
 aucupor9, 41. 13,107 
 
 aufero 'captivate' 6, 131. 12, 36 
 
 augeo ' back up ' 3, 30 
 
 auguror 2, 126 
 
 aula 1, 189 
 
 aurata vestis 13, 32 
 
 aurem, dicere in 3, 23 4 
 
 aureus 12, 152 ; aureo 6, 49. 12, 201 
 
 auspicia 'fortune' 3, 136 
 
 ant 10, IIL 12, 13. 14, 61 
 
 averti 'to turn one's eyes away' 9, 123 
 
 axis 'chariot' 4, 60; gelidus axis "north 
 pole '6, 106 
 
 Bacchanals 4, 47. 10,48. 13,133 
 
 barbaricus 3, 2. 12, 70 
 
 barbarus 1, 26. 6,19,81. 8,12. 13,140 
 
 beatus'rich'12,24 
 
 bellare 3, 122 
 
 bene colet 7, 130 ; cedo 8, 101 ; succe- 
 
 dere4,33; nupta 9, 27; mori 12,5; 
 
 celare!2, 37; pectere 13, 31 ; tradere 
 
 14, 11 
 
 bimaris 12, 27 
 bimembris 2, 71 ; 9, 99 
 bina aequora 4, 105 ; nomina 8, 30 
 bis 6, 56 ; bis sex 3, 34 
 blanditiae 8, 91 
 blandus5,60. 13,136 
 busta 14, 31 
 
 Cadere ' to be killed ' 9, 36. 14, 122 ; spes 
 9, 4i 13,124: c. verba 'are thrown 
 awi.y'3,98 
 
 i-rxecus 2, 72 
 
 caelestes7,130. 8,87 
 
 caeruleus 7, 50 
 
 caerulus 9, 13 
 
 caespites 'grasses' 14, 96 
 
 calathus 9, 736 
 
 calco 2, 120 
 
 cana pruina 5,16; senectus 14, 109; 
 
 aqua 2, 16 
 
 candor ' spotlessness' 4, 32 
 canesco 3, 65 
 caneo 5, 54 
 
 cano ' prophesy ' 5, 113 
 cautare 'to enchant' 6,84; sing 12, 
 
 137 
 
 cantus -us 'a charm' 12, 167 
 capere 'deceive' 2, 74; 'capture' 3, 16, 
 
 36, 54 ; 'captivate' 4, 64, 12, 92 ;' have 
 
 room for" 7,156 
 capillos redimire 9,63; laniare 12, 
 
 157. 14, 56 ; rumpere 3, 15 ; scissa 3, 
 
 79. 8, 79 ; -i inculti 9, 125, diffusi 10, 
 
 47, ttavi 12, 11, demissi 10, 137; -is 
 
 rapi 14, 83 
 capistratus 2, 8 
 careo 7, 27 ; carendus 1, 50 
 carmen ' inscription ' 2, 146. 5, 28. 7, 194 ; 
 
 incantation' 6,83 
 causa 2, 148. 13,737 
 cedere 'leave' (abl.) 9, 110. 12, 1345; 
 
 ab 14,28; 'to be inferior to' 9, 24; 
 
 bene 8, 101; male 10, 141 
 cera 'wax-figure' 13, 1526 
 ceratae naves 5, 42 ; taedae 7, 24 
 cereus 6, 91 
 
 certe 1, 3, 115. 6, 125. 8, 61. 12, 69, 212 
 certior factus 6, 4 
 certus (followed by infin.) 4, 152. 6, 51 
 
 2. 7,79; certus maritus 5, 107. 
 cbartal,62 
 circumspicere 6, 69 
 citare 7, 101 
 citliara 3, 116 
 civilis mars 6, 35 
 clava4,115. 9,117. 10,77 
 coeo 2, 3. 7, 123 
 coercere 14, 3 
 cognatae caedis 14,81; -to nomine 4, 
 
 138 
 
 cognoscere 6, 123 
 cohibere'bind'9,59 
 colere' dress' 9,128 
 coluber 2, 119 
 colus lana gravis 9, 116 ; colos minuere 
 
 3,76 
 
 comes 3, 10 
 
 comitatus (pass.) 12, 135 
 comminuere 3, 134. 9. 80 
 commissum 14, 64 
 committere 'join' 2,31; perpetrate 
 
 14,59 
 
 communis 12, 187 
 compensare 3, 51 
 comiiositae comae 12, 156 ; undue 13, 
 
 136
 
 220 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 comptus 4, 75 
 
 concavus6,66. 10,22 
 
 concedere 4, 35. T, Tl 
 
 conciliare 6, 94 
 
 concipere 9, 10 
 
 continere 7, 2 
 
 condtus 2, 38 
 
 concutio 3, 82 
 
 condiscere 4, 25 
 
 conector 7, 138 
 
 confundere cum 2, 95 
 
 coniugium 6, 163. 7, 178. 13, 160 
 
 conlucere 14, 25 
 
 consanguineus 14, 121 
 
 conscius amor 4, 52 
 
 couserere 2, 58 
 
 censors 3, 47. 13, 61 
 
 conspicere 13, 138 
 
 conspicuus 5, 184 
 
 constare 'cost' 7, 47 
 
 constituere urbem 7, 119 
 
 consulere (dat.) 2, 889. 12, 210 ; quid 
 
 suadeat 5, 96 ; (ace.) 6, 105 
 consumere 6, 161 
 contactus numine 4. 50 
 continere me quin 12, 157 
 contingere 7, 148 
 conubia 2, 81 
 conubialia jura 6, 41 
 con venire 13, 35 
 copia (verborum) 2, 49 
 coram (adv.) 8,79; (prep.) 8,59 
 corneus 4, 83 
 corniger 6, 137 
 cornua (lunae) 2, 3 ; 'promontories ' 2, 
 
 132; of a river god 9, 139 
 corpora 'limbs' 6,129. 13,32,148. 14, 
 
 126 
 
 corpus 'flesh' 8,14 
 costae 9, 111 
 crassus 9, 77 
 crastinus 3, 57 
 credor (with partic.) 5, 129 ; = videor 8, 
 
 credula res 6, 121 
 
 crepuscula 14, 21 
 
 crudus 9, 167 
 
 cruentare 8, 54 
 
 cruentus 2, 139. 6, 154. 6, 162 
 
 cubo 7, 162 
 
 cultus -fls 'education' 8,95; dress 9, 
 
 69,102; 'agriculture '12, 18 
 cum patria 3, 106 
 cum 'when' (with perf. ind.) 4,61. 6, 
 
 910; (with imperf. indie.) 8, 35. 9, 
 
 22 
 
 cumulare 2, 57. 9, 20 
 cunae 9, 22 
 cupidus 6, 71 
 cupressifer 9, 87 
 cura ( = curator) 1, 104 
 currus leves 4, 45 
 curva tecta (tlie Labyrinth) 4, 60 
 cuspis 'spear-head' 3,119. 4, 172 
 
 Damnum 1,96. 7,180; damno 'mfa- 
 chievouslv' 13, 43; in mea damna 
 5,58 
 
 dare manus 4,14 ; vultum 9, 129 ; viam 
 14,102; Ietol4,116 
 
 dative (of instrument) 4, 33. 8, 36 ; (of 
 agent) 2. 115. 8, 36. 9, 46. 10, 69. 13, 
 76. 14, 20, 58, 62, 95 ; (of the prae- 
 dicate)7,75. 13,43 
 
 dativus ethicus 8, 8 
 
 de (praefix) 'utterly' demereor 2,28; 
 -perire 5, 104 ; -sin'o 9, 23 ; -mergere 5, 
 119; -pudet 4, 155; -veneror 2,18; 
 -vincere 6, 36 ; -lateo 8, 69 ; -signo 
 13,93; 'down from' -trahere 7, 106. 
 9,71; -ducere6,85; -pello 14, ISO ; 
 -prendo7, 66; -mittere 14,5; nega- 
 tive -dignor 4,149. 7, 33. 12, 83 ; -ficio 
 12,114; -flcior 5, 150; -tego 6, 40; 
 -decet 9,66; -sum 7,155. 12,133; 
 -color 9, 4; -precor 3, 77. 9, 159 
 
 debere 7, 177 ; quod 8, 119 ; se 9, 15 
 
 decens 5, 35 
 
 decet (absol.) 4, 78, 154. (ace.) 5,86 
 
 declive antrum 7, 93 
 
 decor 12, 12 
 
 dedere 14, 125 
 
 defungi 14, 125 
 
 deligere 'pluck '4, 30 
 
 delubra 12, 69 
 
 denique4,84. 5,89. 10,43 
 
 destitui (abl.) 3, 143 
 
 devius' lonely '2, 118 
 
 devoveo 2, ll 3, 94. 6, 91, 164. 9, 153. 
 12,46. 
 
 dexterajuncta dextrae 12,90 
 
 Di melius 1 3, 125 
 
 DI- BIS- (praefix) division, disjicio 1,47. 
 12,63; dilacero 1,90. 12,116; di- 
 numero 14,80; discedo 2,97. 8,14. 
 6. 43. 10, 57 ; diruo 3, 45. 8, 114 ; dis- 
 cingo 6, 89 ; distinguo 5, 19 ; dissideo 
 7,86; dispense 12, 3; distineo 8, 69. 
 12,104; digerere in 9, 93. 10,67; di- 
 rigeo 5, 122 ; dimitto 5, 51 ; diffundo 
 5,114. 8,61. 10,47; diversus 12, 145. 
 13,151; negation, diffido 10,97; dis- 
 pliceo 13, 46 ; dispar 13, 77 ; dissimulo 
 f disown' 5, 84. 9, 84 ; 'hide' 4, 56. 9, 22 
 
 dicor (with partic.) 13, 41 
 
 dignus (with inf.) 4, 86. 5,85; (abl., 1, 
 117. 6, 8, 146. 14, 32, 99 
 
 dirus 5, 60 
 
 diurnus ' lasting a day' 6, 36 
 
 dives with gen. 9, 91 
 
 doctas Athenas 2, 83 
 
 dolor 'subject of sorrow* 18, 104 
 
 dominos deos 4, 12 
 
 domitae Thebae 2, 71 
 
 domitrix 9, 119 
 
 dona 'accomplishments' 5, 146 
 
 donare 7, 118 
 
 dos 5, 92. 6, 117. 12, 103, 199, 203
 
 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 221 
 
 ilotalis 4, 163. 6,118. 12,53 
 
 dotatus 3, 55. 6, 138 
 
 draco 6,13 
 
 dubito 'hesitate' (inf.) 7, 125. 9, 146, 
 
 152, 158, 164 
 dubius niero 14, 29 
 dum (with past tense) 2, 60 ; 'so lonj; 
 
 as '3, 123. 7,48 
 dum ne 3,81 
 duo 'both '13, 142 
 dura ossa 5, 38 ; arma 13, 40 
 duritia 2, 137. 4, 85. 7, 52 
 durus 7, 31 
 
 Edere ftnimam 9, 61 
 
 edisco 7, 180 
 
 edi de 5, 10 
 
 efferus 9, 68 
 
 efficio ut 14, 14 ; jussa 14, 54 
 
 effundere 7, 181 
 
 egens 2, 109 
 
 eeere 6, 12 
 
 ei! 2,106. 5,160. 9,145. 12,7. 13,48 
 
 ejicere 7, 89,172. 14,112 
 
 elabor 7, 117, 1312 
 
 elect us -us 2, 144 
 
 elidere 9, 85 
 
 emeres 6, 138 
 
 eminere 12, 38 
 
 emissus 14, 107 
 
 eos 3, 57 
 
 epistola 4, 3. 6, 7. 13, 165 
 
 equidem 6, 79. 8, 75. 12, 207 
 
 equi soils 6,86 
 
 equinus sangiiis 9,142 
 
 erigor 14, 44 
 
 eruta aqua 5, 54 
 
 errandum 7, 109 
 
 errator 9, 55 
 
 error 2, 107. 8,116 
 
 et 'yes and* 12, 210 ; et tamen 14, 36 
 
 eventus -us 14, 16 ; ab eventu 2, 86 
 
 evertere 3, 36. 7,42 
 
 evoluisse 12, 14 
 
 ex 'after' 10,16. 14,79; 'from' 14, 86; 
 
 'made of 3, 31 
 exacto tempore 4, 26 
 exagito 3, 77 
 excidere 2, 105 
 excipere 2, 130 
 extilor 10, 33 
 
 excusare ' hare to apologise for' 2, 77 
 excutere 10, 13. 13, 11L 14, 43 ; excus- 
 
 so lacerto 4, 43 
 cxemplum 5, 108. 8,19,40 
 ezercere studia 4, 87 ; odia 7, 147 
 exhibere 10, 52 
 exigere 'drive' 2,114. 9,167; 'exact' 
 
 7,97 
 
 exiguissimus 14, 115 
 exitus'result'2,85 
 expellere somnos 14, 72 
 ex peri or 14, 21 
 expertus (pass.) 7, 54 
 
 exprobare 12, 21 
 
 exsanguis 13, 23 
 
 exsilium 6, 27 
 
 exspes 6, 162 
 
 exstinguo 8, 121 
 
 exsurgo 14, 75 
 
 externus 2, 82. 5,102. 10,98. 14,62 
 
 extrema ossa 4, 70 
 
 exuo!3,147. 14,108 
 
 exutus (pass, with ace.) 9, 111 
 
 Facere (dat.) 2, 39 ; ad 6, 128. 14, 56 ; 
 
 ne 13, 96 ; (ut understood) 2, 66, 98. 
 
 13, 92, 144; hinc faciunt 1, 103 ; face 
 
 2,98 
 facta facienda ' the past and future' 7, 
 
 13 
 
 facundus 3, 129 
 fagineus 5,87 
 falcatus 2, 131 
 fallentem=si fefellerim 3, 110 [cf. 5, 
 
 133. 7, 14, 1281 
 fallorfablj 8,127 
 falsusl, 17. 13,108 
 fama 'reputation' 4, 18 
 famosus 9, 134 
 fas 3, 6. 13,71 
 fassus 9, 126. 4, 156 
 fatalis 4, 63. 9, 156 
 fatalism 4, 53. 6,50. 7, 112,128. 8,65. 
 
 9,153. 12,35 
 fatigatus 13, 98 
 favor 'consideration' 2, 64 
 fax 2, 40, 120. 6, 42, 46. 13, 160. 14, 10 
 fecundus (abL) 5, 151; -um vulnus 9, 
 
 96 
 
 forox 14, 113 
 ferre 'gain' 6, 18 ; 'get' 6, 82 ; 'incline 1 
 
 13, 85; ' endure' 14, 81 ; ferri 'to be 
 
 said' 2, 82. 6, 114; (with partic.) 7, 
 
 60. 9,27; ' to hurry' 4, 47. 12,209. 
 
 14,31 
 
 ferreus L 58. 3, 138. 4, 14 
 ferus (subst) 9, 114 
 fetus -us 6, 143 
 tibrae 9, 39 
 fictus 2, 37 
 fides 'lyre* 5, 139 
 figura 10, 134. 14, 97 ; figurae percundi 
 
 10.81 
 
 fila ; clues'4,59 
 fine dempto 1,50; sine f. 3,15. 8,43; 
 
 I modico 4, 76 
 finge 'imagine' 4, 176. 7,65; 'suppose' 
 
 14,63 
 
 flngere crimina 12, 177 
 nnrtimus 7, 120 
 
 flava ora 4, 72 ; flavi capilli 12, 11 
 flebilis (dat) 13, 48 
 fodere 4, 172 
 
 foedera lecti 5, 10L 12, 150 ; cf. 4, 139 
 foenum 5, 15 
 foris gemina 12, 150 ; foribus exire IB, 
 
 87
 
 222 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 forma ' body' 2, 70. 9, 99 ; ' beauty' 3, 
 
 35. 4,64 6,94 
 forsitan (subi.) 4,53-4. 7,133. 10,85. 
 
 12,175. (indie.) 2,104 
 fovere 4, 15 
 
 frangere litus 7, 169 ; frangitur 1, 86 
 frater 'cousin' 8, 28. 14, 115, 117. 122, 
 
 130 
 
 fraudare 6, 163 
 fraus 2, 78 
 frequentare 12, 143 
 frequentes clamore 14, 29 
 freta ' the Bea' 2, 124, 127. 7. 46, 169, 
 
 179. 8, 18. 10, 146. 13, 5. 14, 103 ; fre- 
 
 tum7,117,142. 8,9. 10,132. 13,123 
 frigida (of a widow) 1, 7 
 frigus (of fear) 12, 142 
 fructus laboris 12, 174 
 fruor 'possess' 2, 69. 'obtain' 6, 75; 
 
 'indulge in' 12, 22 
 frutexlO,25 
 fruticosus 2, 121 
 fuga ' place of exile' 6, 158 
 fugax f swift'4,46. 13.21 
 fuglo (abl.) 9, 135 ; fu?;iturus 2, 47 
 fulcire 9, 18 
 fulva vellera 6, 14 
 fumus 13, 112 
 
 fungi lacrimis 8, 109; caede 14, 19 
 furiae 4, 47 
 furiosus 2, 45. 5, 69 
 furor 4, 51 
 
 furto ' by stealth' 6, 43 
 fusus 9, 80 
 futurus sum = ero 2, 144. 7, 86 
 
 Galea 13, 39 
 
 gelidus tremor 5, 38 
 
 gemellus 6, 121, 143. 8, 77. 13, 61 
 
 generosus 6, 113 
 
 genitive of respect 1,81. 5,147,150. 9, 
 
 91 
 
 genus 2, 50 
 
 gerere me pro 3, 99 ; gerere me 4, 31 
 germana 5, 113. 6, 159. 9, 7, 165 
 
 -, nus9,155. 12, 113 
 
 gladius (swordfish?) 10,88 
 
 gradu sanguinis 3, 27 
 
 grandaevus 5, 40. 13, 25 
 
 gratia 7, 4L 12, 12 
 
 grator 6, 119 
 
 gratulor (dat.) 6, 3 ; (infin.) 9, 1 
 
 graves cibo vino son inn 14, 33 
 
 gravidus 6, 180. 7, 133 
 
 gravis ' influential 8, 31 
 
 gravius 4, 19 
 
 grex (of horses) 4, 22 
 
 Ha! 2, 45 (note) 
 
 babe 3, 26 
 
 habenae scuticae 9, 81 
 
 habendum tradere 7, 16 ; se habendum 
 
 tradere 7, 163 
 hactenus 6, 63 
 
 haerere4, 7. 6,26. 9,88 
 
 haeres -edis 2, 79. 9, 110 
 
 hara 1, 104 
 
 hasta ' haft' 3, 119 
 
 hera 9, 78 
 
 heus ! 6, 41 
 
 hiatus 4, 99. 9, 8. 133, 141, 171 
 
 hiatus terrae 3, 63 
 
 hie ille 1, 40. 9, 24 
 
 hie expressing contempt or indignation 
 
 8,53,104. 10,124. 14,84 
 hirsutus 9, 63, 111 
 hiscere 6, 144 
 hoc animae 3, 142 
 hodiernus 9, 167 
 honestus 7, 109 
 horrere 12, 100 
 hortari 4, 42 
 
 hospita ' hostess' 2, 1, 74. 7, 167 
 hospitus 6, 52 
 hospitium 2, 108. 12, 29 
 humana dape 9, 68 
 hydri 9, 85 
 
 I nunc (impatient irony) 3, 26. 4, 127 
 12, 204 
 
 ictus 6, 78 
 
 idoneus 7, 105 
 
 igitur( = opa)12,163 
 
 ignis (of love) 4, 15. 18, 33; igni (ahl.) 
 4 34 
 
 -iit (eo). 9, 141.13,29 
 
 ilex 12, 67 
 
 illinere 9, 163 
 
 imago ' statue ' 2, 73, cf. 13, 155 ; ' idea 
 7, 35; 'ghost' 7, 69. 9, 67. 13, 109; 
 'appearance' 7,183; 'likeness' 8,1. 
 12,189 
 
 imbellis 1, 97 
 
 imitari 13, 41 
 
 immensus 9, 5 
 
 immittere 2, 133 
 
 immiscere (daL) 6, 73 
 
 immunis caelis 14, 8 
 
 impedire 14, 30 
 
 impellere 3, 153. 10,139 
 
 impensa 7, 188 
 
 impetus ' impulse' 4, 38. 5, 64 
 
 implere 6, 68, 149. 7, 161. 8, 63. 9, 16 
 
 implicare 2, 142 
 
 imputare 6, 102 
 
 in 'against' 7,165. 12,177,188. 13,82. 
 14, 10 ; 'after the fashion of 1, 112 ; 
 'for' 1, 72. 2, 44. 4, 16. 5, 26, 58. 6, 12, 
 (temporal) in annos 2, 33. 12, 82 tern- 
 pus in omne ; 'at' 1, 14; 'in regard 
 to' 4, 114. 6, 121 ; 'under' (ire in) 4, 
 62; 'upon' dare in 7, 192. 14,126; iu 
 ora jacfire 12, 63 ; ' over ' 4, 7 
 
 in uno junctus 13, 117 
 
 inadustus 12, 93 
 
 inaequalis 9, 29 
 
 incerto ore 8, 92; -tae 13, 49; -tum 
 (adv.) 10, 9
 
 OV1DII EPISTULAE. 
 
 223 
 
 incldere 5, 21 
 
 incingere 4, 87. 9, 66 
 
 incipere ab 7 82 
 
 includere 8, 2, 58 
 
 incohi 1, 52 
 
 increpare 8, 55 
 
 incultus 8, 64. 9, 125 
 
 incunibere 13, 15 
 
 inde ' of them' 2, 54 
 
 indie, for subj. eram for essem 1,108, 
 
 112. 6, 146. 10. 108 : fui for essem 6, 
 
 54, 144. 10, 112 : 13, 56 cf. debueras 
 
 3. 40 ; malueram 7, 43 
 indignor (inttn.) 13, 28 
 inducere 7, 24 
 induereS, 50. 13,36 
 inertia somni 14, 75 
 inexpertus 12, 23 
 infaustus 6, 46 
 inferiae 12, 160 
 inflcere 9, 142 
 infirnius 6, 140 
 inntior 9, 4 
 
 infusus (of an embrace) 2, 93 
 ingeniosa terra 6, 117 ; ad 2, 22 
 ingenium 'character' 7, 36; ingenio 
 
 suo ' unintentionally' 6, 40 
 ingredi 9, 127 
 inhaerere 2, 91 
 inicere maims 8, 16. 12, 158 
 iniquus 6, 141. 7, 14L 8, 87. 12, 48. 13, 
 
 93. 14, 129 
 
 injuria 'wrong done' 8. 87 
 injustus ' unfriendly' 12, 176 [cf. 7. 44.] 
 innascor 7, 37 
 inornatus 8, 10 
 insanus 1, 6 
 inscius 8, 33 
 inscribor 2, 145. 7, 193 
 insidior 9, 60. 10, 6 
 insignitua 9, 101 
 
 insimulare criminibus aliquem 6, 20 
 insopor 12, 101 
 
 instar (subs.) 2, 30 ; (prepos.) 7, 19. 8, 62 
 instare (dat.) 8, 30, 115 
 instruere 9, 117 
 insuper 14, 126 
 intepescere 10, 64 
 inter se 12, 100 
 interims 7, 113 
 
 intrana. verbs in passive 12, 169 (note) 
 mult us 12,182 
 inutilis 1, 105. 4, 7 
 invidia 7, 106 
 
 invidiosus 2,145. 7,120. 8,49 
 involuisse 9, 8t> 
 io!5,118 
 
 ipse between preposition and possess- 
 ive pronoun 9, 96. 12, 18. 13, 16 
 iste (=tuus) 12, 80 
 
 Jacfire ante pedes 3, 84 ; 'to be dead' 
 3, 106. 14, 2 ; 'to be void' verbs 4, 150 ; 
 laus 3, 124 ; 'to lie helpless ' 9, 136 
 
 jactare pectora 3, 50 ; imagmem 7, 35 ; 
 brachia 14, 69 ; manus 10. 40 ; te jac- 
 tare maritae 12, 175 
 
 jactura 14, 81 
 
 jam 'already' 9, 22. 13, 98; in a mo- 
 ment' 13,61 
 
 jecur6,92 
 
 judicium 4, 40 ; -ia 3, 104 
 
 juga(prima)'yoke'4,21. 6,10,97. 9,6; 
 "mountains ' 4, 42. 5, 20, 138. 9, 100 
 
 j ugalis taeda 4, 121 
 
 mgosae silvae 4, 85 
 
 jugulare 1, 21. 14, 11, 478 
 
 jugulum 14,5 
 
 jurare, mihi 6,29; per 8, 117; in 10, 
 117 
 
 juratus 'sworn by' 2, 23; 'bound by 
 oath '3, 53 
 
 jure 'as you ought to do" 9, 106 
 
 j us domi'ni 3, 154 ; habere in 4, 12 ; j us- 
 que piumque 8, 2 ; 'power over* (gen.) 
 12, 73 ; jura lecti 9, 159, cf. 2, 31 ; j ura 
 tua 'what is rightly yours' 8, 16 
 
 j us tior' kinder' 7, 44 
 
 j uvenalis 12, 7 
 
 juvenca5,117 8,124 
 
 juvo (abl. of means) 2, 55. 6, 55 
 
 Labes4,31. 9,8 
 
 labo 10, 140 
 
 labor 'trip' 2, 102; 'fall wearied' 14, 
 
 131 (note) 
 lacer 2,45 
 
 lacerare 3, 86. 6, 129. 9, 147 
 laedere 2, 9, 43. 5, 4, 104. 9, 31. 10, 98. 
 
 12,159 
 
 laesus = laesus erit 7, 59 
 lampas 12, 138. 14, 25 
 laniare 7, 175. 10,84. 12,157 
 languida 13, 116 ; a somno 10, 9 ; facta 
 
 9,136 
 
 lapis 10, 50 
 laqueus 2,142 
 Iassus9,56. 14,131 
 late spectabilis 9, 127 
 Iaxor2,123 
 lebes 3, 31 
 
 lectus coelebs 13, 107 
 legata 'sent as envoy' 3, 127; -os 6, 
 
 125 
 
 legere ' select ' 8, 52 ; ' pick up ' 9, 189 
 legitimus vir 5, 78 ; amor 13, 30 
 legor 2, 69 
 lentus 1, 1, 66. 2, 9, 23. 3, 22, 138. 4, 8L 
 
 8,18 
 
 letifer 9, 141 
 levamenS.62 
 lex 'example' 5,134. 6, 154; 'condition' 
 
 7, 156. 12, 39 
 libamina famae 4, 27 
 libare 2, 115 
 liber (gen.) 1,80 
 licet (with subj.) 1,83. 3,81,133. 5,13L 
 
 8,43
 
 224 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 llnquor 'faint' 2, 130 
 
 Iintea2,125. 3,68. 5,53 
 
 litora arare 5, 116 
 
 litteraG, 9. 12,114 
 
 litura 3, 3 
 
 longaevus 5, 40 
 
 longius 6, 72 
 
 longus 'lasting' 9, 46 
 
 luctari 4, 79 
 
 luere 1C, 99 
 
 lugubris 10, 145 
 
 lumiua 'torchlight' 2, 120; 'eyes' 
 
 %ere 6, 26; condere 1, 113. 10, 120 
 lux 'daybreak ' 14, 22, 71 
 luxuriare 1, 54 
 luxuriosus 1, 87 
 
 Maculae 'meshes' 5, 19 
 
 mactare 7, 113. 10, 77, 101 
 
 madidae comae 14, 30 
 
 magistra 5, 96 
 
 inagniHcus 2, 68. 3,144 
 
 male coital 7, 29 ; credis 7,54; conn- 
 sum 9, 99 ; faveo 2, 104 ; gratus 7, 26 ; 
 parta 6, 157 ; perdo 7, 6 ; prodo 10, 6 ; 
 praebebat se 4, 95; saucia 12, 57; 
 tectus 3, 103 ; venio 9, 39 ; male vix- 
 que 4, 23 , quaeritur 6, 93 
 
 mandare semina 5, 115. 
 
 manus dare 4, 14 ; in manu esse 12, 74 
 
 marita 13, 45 
 
 maritus (adj.) 2. tl. 12, 87 
 
 mars( = bellum) 6. 35. 7,160 
 
 masculine employed in general state- 
 ments 3, 43. 5,8 
 
 materia(caedis)3,152. 4,86. 7,34. 8,51 
 
 matrona 'wife' 5, 85 
 
 mederi 5, 147 
 
 medicabilis 5, 149 
 
 medicamen 12, 97 
 
 medicatus -As 12, 107 
 
 medius 8, 48 
 
 medulla 4, 15 
 
 melius 3, 151. 6,93 
 
 memento 13, 67 
 
 mendaccs somuos 13, 107 
 
 inens 'inclination' 2, 134 
 
 mensal.31. 12,52 
 
 mensura 9, 109 
 
 mentior 7, 81 
 
 mereo 2,61. 7, 71. 12, 109; (with infln.) 
 14.63 
 
 mentum 12. 192; -a 7, 5. 12,82; ex 
 merito 5, 7 ; praemia 14, 84 
 
 nicrum 13, Ui 14, 29. 
 
 mica re 'palpitate ' 1, 45. 5, 37 
 
 militare 7, 32 
 
 uiillunsiuius 13, 97 
 
 minor ' of lower birth ' 9, 30 
 
 miscere 2, 70 ; (dat) 4, 9 ; cum 5, 1-1 
 
 miserabilis 13, 51 
 
 mitescere 7, 179 
 
 mitra9, 64 
 
 mittere Met go' 3, 127; mitti in 'give 
 
 oneself up to ' 4. 37 
 mobilis 2, 128. 5, 110. 6, 109 
 modice 'gradually' 2, 131; 'in small 
 
 degree '5, 39 
 rnodo 1, 107. 2, 102. 3, 153. 14, 1, 73, 78 
 
 99 
 
 modus 'limit' 7,160 
 moenia Phoebi 1, 67 
 mollior bora 3, 44 
 inollis arcus 'slack' 4, 92; effeminate 
 
 9,72,cf. 9,112. 14,66; tender 10, 44; 
 
 dolor 'softened '9, 120 
 molliter 7, 162 
 monile 9, 57 
 montana numina 4, 171 
 mora mortis 10, 82 
 mordere 13, 30 
 mores 12, 177. 6, 94 
 moror 'hesitate' 12, 186; (trans.) 7, 21 
 mortalia nla 12, 3 
 movere to start anything 7, 4; carmina 
 
 13, 101; bella 13, 64; terrify 9, 46; 
 
 affect 7. 85. 12,89 
 mugire 14, 77 
 mugitus -us 14, 91 
 mulcere 'bewitch' 6, 98. 
 munitor 5, 139 
 
 munus 'a favour' 12, 110 : -era 7, 26 
 murex 13, 37 
 mutor in 4, 37 ; mutatus of weather 5, 
 
 34 
 
 mystica 2, 42 
 Nata Creontis 12, 54 
 nativus 'natural' 5,61 
 navita 10, 61 
 ne forte 4, 61 
 nee adest 'and yet I have not 1 8, 60 , 
 
 npn 4, 69 
 
 necis 'manner of death' 2, 104 
 nectere 2, 140. 5,48 
 nefas 'ill-omened' 5,41. 8, 113 
 nego 'refuse '3, 40, 96. 7,170 
 nempe 6, 144 ; 7, 141, 146. 9, 61, 70 
 neptis 8, 32 
 
 nequitia 'unchastity ' 4, 17 
 nescio quomodo 3, 78 ; quern 7, 124. 13, 
 
 63, 93; quid 12, 210 
 nescius (infin.) 12, 49 
 neve (pr. subj.) 3, 79 
 nimium nimiumque 1, 42 
 nisi si 4, 111 
 nobilitas 4, 16L 6, 113 
 nocens 'guilty' 4, 28. 7, 61. 12, 106, 
 
 132 
 
 nodosus 10, 101 
 nomen 'person' 2, 112; false title 5, 
 
 131 
 
 nominor 9, 27 
 
 non habuisse ( caruisse) 6, 6 
 noster (-meus) 3, 107; -tri (<-mei) 3, 
 
 139. 6,45 
 nota ' disgrace ' 9, 20 ; -tae ' writing ' 4, 
 
 5,6
 
 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 225 
 
 notare 'characterize' 2, 86 ; 'to write' 
 
 1,62. 3,2. 5,22 
 nothus 4, 122 
 nu titia 9, 19 
 
 noverca 6, 126. 9,8,54. 12,188 
 novissimus T, 111. 9, 16T. 13, 99 
 novus ' lately made ' 14, 38, 89 
 noxa 7, 105 
 nubiferl noti 3, 58 
 nudo ferro 13, 81 
 nullus (-non) 2,105. 10,11 
 numerare 12, 199. 14, 94 
 numerus 'complement' 10, 36 j numeri 
 
 1 dues ' 4, 88 ; ' great numbers ' 8, 22 
 nuntia littera 6, 9 ; fania 9, 143 
 minis 5, 82. 6, 80, 106. 7, 31. ' girls' 8, 12 
 nyicphae 'brides' 1,27, cf. 9, 103; 
 
 'nymphs '4, 173. 5,10,83. 7,95. 9,50 
 
 O final Ovid uses the following words 
 with o final short in these Epistles : 
 citt 3, 7, 41. 5, 100. 12, 192 ; du6 8, 69, 
 90. 10, 56; eg& 8, 93, 121. 10, 60. 12, 
 116 etc.; ergo 5, 59; m&d& 14, 1, 73; 
 nescifl 3, 78. 7, 124 13, 63, 93. 12, 
 210; putfi2, 105; legends (?) 9,126 
 
 objicere (dat) 8, 59 
 
 obliquo dente 4, 104 ; obliqua flumina 
 6,87 
 
 oboriri8,109. 13,23 
 
 obscenus 5, 119 
 
 obsequium 6, 18 
 
 obses2,34 
 
 obsisto 13, 5. 14, 4, 9 
 
 obstare 7, 41 
 
 obsum (absol.) 4, 34. 8, 88 ; ne 5, 8 
 
 obvius 6, 143. 8, 97 
 
 occurrere 7, 67 
 
 oculi lacrymis funguntur 8, 109 
 
 oculos comprimere 1, 102 ; coudere 1, 
 113; praesentes 3, 132 
 
 offendere 13, 88 
 
 officiosus 10, 114 
 
 officium 6, 17. 7, 91. 8, 30. 10, 124. 13, 
 27,142 
 
 omnia esse 12, 162 
 
 onus 'a mere burden' 9, 31 ; nominis 
 3,102 
 
 ope 'help' 4, 68. 6, 98. 12,196 ; opem 5, 
 147 
 
 operata votis 9, 35 
 
 operosa gloria 2, 63 ; -sum aes 3, 31 
 
 opes 'wealth ' 2, 109. 3, 56. 5, 8L 7, 150. 
 13, 58; 'forces '3, 86 
 
 oppositus 6, 26. 7,100. 13,82 
 
 opus 3, 37 
 
 ora 'shape ' 14, 108 ; skulls 9, 88, cf. 12, 
 16 
 
 orbis ' part of the world ' 13, 15L 14, 111 
 
 orbus (abL) 3, 93 
 
 ordo 8, 34. 10, 19 
 
 origo gentis 4, 55 
 
 oriundus 7, 165 
 
 osculajungere 2,94 
 
 O 
 
 ostrum 12, 179 
 
 Pabula 'lierbs'6, 84 
 
 pacatus 10, 65 
 
 pactus (pangere) 2, 4. 6, 5, 4L 8, 95. 10, 
 
 92 
 
 pampineus 13, 33 
 pandus 6, 10 
 parare ire 7, 40. 13, 126 ; pugnare 13, 
 
 69 ; anna 7, 122 ; bella 5, 89 ; classeui 
 
 6, 41 ; rates 8, 21 ; thalamog 8, 96 
 paratus 10, 13 
 parcius 'less' 8,3 
 paronomasia, verbera verba 10,38; 
 
 honor onus 9,31 ; more inora mortis 
 
 10,82 
 pars militiae 8, 46; 'a point' 8, 101; 
 
 partes agere 8, 42 ; 'faction ' 6, 101 
 parturio 12, 208 
 part us -us 'children' 12, 188; parta 
 
 male 6, 157 
 parum 3, 25. 4, 61. 9. 47 ; parum san- 
 
 guinisl4,82 
 patens 6, 69. 7, 119 
 patruelis 14, 61 
 
 jus esse 12, 144 ; (adv.) 4, 26, 34. 6, 157. 
 
 peju 
 
 pelago vetante 13, 128 
 
 pellere 1,109; (abl.)14,112 
 
 penates 3, 67. 9, 89 
 
 pendebat ore 1, 30 
 
 pendula tela 1, 10 
 
 pensa3,75. 9,78. 10,90 
 
 pensare 2, 143 
 
 per cornua 12, 41 ; me 6, 147; moras 2, 
 94 ; ora 9, 38 ; facinus 'wickedly' 10, 
 9 ; per insidias 1, 99 ; per dubias vias 
 10,128; afflatus 12, 44; quae!3,59. 
 nox acta per lacrymas 12, 58 ; in ad- 
 jurations 10,73,148. 12,77,79,191 
 2. 13,159,160,164 
 
 peragere 'pierce' 4,119 
 
 perambulare 9, 135 
 
 percutere 4, 94 
 
 perdere feras 4. 170 
 
 perdomare 12, 164 
 
 peregrinus 1,59,76. 7,121. 8,70. 10,121. 
 12,111 
 
 perenne (abL) 8, 64. -is 14, 74 
 
 perfrui8,116 
 
 pergere 2, 135 
 
 perlegere 3, 3. 4, 176. 6, 1 
 
 persoluendus 6, 74 
 
 pervenire 9, 3 
 
 pervigil 6, 13. 12, 60 
 
 pestis Nemeaea 9,61 
 
 petere 'attack* 3, 145 
 
 phocalO,87 
 
 piceus 12, 67 
 
 pietas 14, 49 
 
 pigendus 7, 111 
 
 pignus 'a child 1 4,120. 6,122,130. 12, 
 192 ; amoris 4, 100 ; conjugii 9, 150 
 
 pinus 'ship '6, 47 
 
 15
 
 226 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 plaga!2,28 
 
 plangere pectora 5, 71. 12. 153 ; plangi 
 
 10,37 
 plenus orbis (of the moon) 2, 3 ; plural 
 
 for sing. 3,43. 6,77. 12,160 
 plurimus 'of frequent recurrence' 2, 
 
 32 ; in very great power 4, 167 
 poenas exigere 7, 68 
 poenitet 8, 83 ; (inf.) 7, 132 
 pomaria 4, 29 
 
 populus 9,64; populeas comas 14,40 
 populus 6, 35, 102. 1, 20, 149. 9, 52. 14, 115 
 pond us 2,30. 7,65; -era 3, 3; pondere 
 
 p:-o nullo 3, 98 
 pondere carent 6, 110 
 ponere anna 3, 95 ; corpus 4, 44 ; deos 
 
 7,129; lectum 12,57; capillos 4,71; 
 
 tropaea4,64; (intr.) 7,49 
 porrigere 2, 128. 10,93 
 portus-us2,92. 14,10 
 possum, quod p. 8, 5 ; quae p. 10, 53 ; 
 
 qua p. 10, 135. 13, 41 
 potens 'a prince' 5, 85. 12, 205; potens 
 
 ad 5, 147; (abl.) 13,59 
 potiri 14, 113 
 praebere rapi 5,132; materiam 7,34; 
 
 capillos pectendos 13, 31; se nec- 
 
 tenda 2, 141; iter 13,129; carbasa 
 
 ventis 7,171; causam et enseui 7, 
 
 195; 'to yield '7, 126 
 praeceps 10, 30. 13, 9 
 praecingere 4, 71. 5, 137. 14, 25 
 praecipitare 10, 14 
 praeconia 9, 83 
 praecordia 12, 183 
 praedicere 12, 207 
 praeferre 6, 46 
 praegravis 9, 98 
 praemedicatus 12, 15 
 praemonere 13, 99 
 praemori 8, 121 
 praepedire 14, 18 
 praepes 8, 38 
 praeponere 2, 82. 4, 111. 6, 97. 6, 132. 7, 
 
 124 
 
 praeradere 6, 116 
 praeruptus 2, 132 
 praeseus 3, 132 
 praesignis 4, 39 
 praestat 'it is better' 14, 7 
 praeter 6, 5 ; (infin. ) 7, 164 
 praeterita 12. 143 
 praevalidus 9, 80 
 pregnant use of words 1, 114. 2, 69, 92. 
 
 3,13. 4,37. 6,87. 9, 15 
 premere 'keep close to' 2,92; 'drive' 
 
 3,87. 4,41; 'persecute' 9,11; 'op- 
 press* 9, 154; 'overwhelm' 10,112; 
 
 'press' 12, 30, 40. 13, 89. 14, 32 
 pretium 7,74; -tio 'at a great price' 
 
 8,39 
 
 primus 'most important* 4,39; pri- 
 mo ore 4, 18 ; with abl. 4, 117 ; pnma ' 
 limina 12, 150 ; prima (sukst.) 9, 23 
 
 pro 'instead of 8,121. 4,74. 6,83. 7, 
 186. 10,57. 8,109,115. 13,157; 'in 
 behalf of 6, 60. 8, 74, 102. 12, 95 j 'in 
 return for '6, 78. 7,1778; 'for the 
 sake of ' 12, 103. 13,47 
 
 probare 'justify' 2,85 
 
 procedere 9, 109 
 
 procumbere 8, 108. 12, 186. 13, 24 
 
 procurrere 2, 127 
 
 procus 7, 123 
 
 product-re 13, 143 
 
 profanare 7, 129 
 
 profugus 4, 155 
 
 profundere 10, 55 
 
 progignere 7, 38 
 
 projicere 2,145 
 
 proleptic case 6, 88. 7, 42 
 
 promittere (ace.) 5, 99 
 
 pronuba 2, 117. 6, 43 
 
 prosequi 5, 65. 12, 55 
 
 prosocer 3, 74 
 
 prospicere 2, 124. 10, 49 
 
 prosum 7, 41, 57. 8, 40 
 
 protervus 5, 136. 8, 84 
 
 pruina 5, 16. 10, 7 
 
 pudet4,10. 7,167. 9,59 
 
 pudor 'chastity' 7, 97; 'feeling of 
 shame' 7, 104. 4, 155; 'disgrace' 
 1, 96. 2, 143. 7, 98. 9, 19 ; in exclama- 
 tions 9, 111. 
 
 puella ' young girl ' 1, 115 ; 'baby ' 8, 82 
 
 puellaris 10, 20 
 
 pueriles 5, 155 
 
 pugnare 'to struggle* 3, 25 ; (with infin.) 
 13, 77 ; ne 3, 25 
 
 pulsata 2, 72 
 
 pulris (of the arena) 4, 45 
 
 purpureus 'royal' 5, 88. 14, 51; toris 
 12,52 
 
 Qua licet 4, 9. 5,65. 8,110. See possum 
 
 quae est 'such is* 1.75 
 
 quamvis 2, 8. 13, 119 
 
 quando 1, 11. 7, 19. 18, 117 
 
 quantus erat 'at full length' 3, 49. 12, 
 58 ; quantum sanguinis 5, 123 ; perii- 
 diue 12,19; quanta 'bow proud a 
 woman 6.16; 'as powerful as' 7, 
 144 
 
 que after negative 2, 90. 7, 82 
 
 que que 4, 35 
 
 que 'or' 4,48 
 
 querella 1, 70. 2, 8. 13, 110 
 
 queri (ace.) 7,30; (infin.) 9,43 
 
 quid agit? 'how is he?' 6, 25 
 
 quid mentis 7, 76 
 
 quid mihi cum 14, 65 
 
 quidquid vitae 12, 5 
 
 quid quod 8, 27 
 
 quin 7, 87 ; age 14, 57 ; etiam 3, 57 
 
 quis (adj.) 2, 124. 5, 5 ; for quibus 5, 9 
 
 quisli bet 3,20 
 
 quo? to what end? 2,53; quo 'in pro- 
 portion as ' 2, 129. 4,19
 
 OVIDII EPISTULAE. 
 
 227 
 
 quod (subj.) 'although' 4, 667 ; 'for'6, 
 157; (with gen.) 5,166; quodlibet 
 [=quantum j 12, 110 ; quodsi 12, 83 
 
 quotusl2,89. 13,60 
 
 Radius acutus 4, 159 ; radii 12, 68 
 
 rapina 'prey' 8,66 
 
 rasilis 9, 76 
 
 re- cidere (reccidi) 14, 46; -censere 9, 
 
 105; -cingere 2, 116; -cipere 10. 104; 
 
 -cludere 8,18; -crescere 'wax '2, 5; 
 
 -cumbere 14, 100 ; -curvare 4, 79 ; 
 
 -curvun; tectum 10, 71 ; -cursus -us 6, 
 
 69; -dundare9,95; -facere 13, 26, 122 ; 
 
 -ferre 'tell' 13, 1189. 'answer' 13, 
 
 168. 'drawback' 10, 1L 'bring back' 
 
 13, 144, 162; -frenare 6, 87; -fugere 
 
 14, 50;. -lucere 13, 113; -mittere 7, 
 149. 4, 61; -nuere 8, 8; -pendere 9, 
 78; -petere 7,143. 8,25; -petita5,6; 
 -petitor 8,19; -portare 1,169; -pos- 
 cere 6, 91 ; -quirere 8, 100 ; -sistere 
 13, 121 : -solvere 13, 147 ; -spergere 7, 
 129; -spicere 8, 137. 9,13. U, 146; 
 -torquere 9, 66 ; -verti 3, 17 
 
 recordari 10, 79 
 
 reddere 4. 63 
 
 redimkula 9, 71 
 
 redux 13, 115, 147; Jupiter 13, 60; 
 
 carina 6, 1 
 refert 6, 137 
 regalia 4, 153. 13,137 
 regia 2, 89. 4, 164 
 regius 6, 60 
 regnare in 4, 112 
 remex 3, 153 
 remigium 'oars '2, 47 
 remo veloque 13, 101 
 repetition of words 2, 40, 62. 3, 8, 10, 
 
 140. 4,5,6,144. 5,8,120. 8,80. 9,140, 
 
 152, 164. 13, 166. 14, 31 
 requie 4, 89 ; -em 7, 175 
 requiescere 5, 13 
 reris 7, 45 
 
 res 'achievements' 2, 75. 9, 109 
 retia4,41. 5,19 
 retinacula 7,55 
 reverentia 5, 11 
 revocamen 13, 175 
 rigere 2, 132 
 
 rigida mens 3, 96 ; -as vultus 4, 73 
 rigor 4, 77 
 rite 7, 108 
 robustus 9, 77 
 ro^us 6,42. 7,193; tepidus 6,90; fur- 
 
 rudimentum 5, 97 
 rudis 1, 77. 4, 23 
 rugosus 5, 28 
 
 rumpere capillos 8,16; foedera 4,17; 
 sinus 6, 71 ; tunicas a pectore 6, 27 ; 
 
 rumpi 8, 67 
 rustic* 1,77; ' 
 rutUui 3, 64 
 
 dull' 4,102, 132 
 
 Sacra 7, 80, 129, 158, 12, 87, 168 
 saltus 'coverts' 5, 17; "pastures' 5,124 
 sanguinolentus 3, 60. 6, 46. 7, 70. 14, 
 
 sarcina3,68. 4,24. 7,107. 8,94. 9,58 
 
 saturaro!3,38 
 
 saucia facta est 14, 70 
 
 saxea tecta (the Labyrinth) 10, 128 
 
 sceptra 7, 152 
 
 scilicet 4, 21. 6, 97. 9, 85. 10, 42. 13, 37. 
 
 14, 85 
 
 scindere capillos, 8, 30 
 scutica 9, 81 
 seoundare 13, 136 
 secundus 2, 96. 5, 50 
 securiger 4, 117 
 securus 14, 34 
 sed ( = eteuim) 7,139 
 sedere 'impress itself on" 2, 76; 'ride' 
 
 2,80; 'lie upon '8, 94 
 semel5,104. 10,112. 12,13 
 seiuianimis 10, 32 
 semideae 4, 49 
 seuiina mandure 5, 115; jacere 6, 11 
 
 (cf. 33); spargerel2,45 
 semirefectus 7, 176 
 seinisepultus 1, 56 
 semisupinus 10, 10 
 semivir 9, 141 
 genes justi 1, 29 
 senex vir 4, 96 
 sentio 6, 164. 9, 46 
 sepeUre famam 7, 92 ; sepulta fraudc 
 
 10,75 
 
 sepulchraris 2, 120 
 sepulchra 7,188. 10,124. 14,128 
 sequendus 2, 138 
 sequor 'accompany' 4, 19 
 series 9, 5 
 serius4,19. 7,173 
 serva uianu 10, 90 
 sic 2, 138. 12,157. 13.137; 'so much' 
 
 6, 47; in prayer 8, 1350. 4,148, 
 
 1689,171,171 7,169 
 sicut 6, 112 
 sidus (astrological) 8, 88 ; sidera frigi- 
 
 da2.124 
 signa ' constellations ' 6,116; signa re- 
 
 Unquere 4, 155 
 siguari 2, 73. 6, 7. 13, 66 
 silex 10, 110 
 
 simulacra 6, 9L 9, 39. 10, 95. 13, 111 
 simulare (intr.) 2, 51 
 sinistrum omen 13, 49 
 Binuosus 8, 21 
 sinus -us 'robes '18, 36. 14,5L 'bosom' 
 
 18.78,148,157 
 
 siquid certi 4, 152 ; fact! 9, 149 
 siUs 2, 139 
 
 sociare cubilia 8, 109 
 sociae leges 4, 62; -ios deos 5, 126 
 
 -nanni2,83 
 socialia foeden> 'marriage' 4, 17: car- 
 
 mina 12, 139
 
 228 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 soles 5, 112 
 
 solidusl2,43,94 
 
 solvere food us 7, 9; fidem 10, 78 ; reti- 
 nacula 7, 55 ; solri ab 13, 12, 116 
 
 sonus,' power of speech' 13, 156 
 
 sopire 12, 172. 14,69 
 
 soror 'cousin' 14, 123 
 
 spatiosus 1, 9 
 
 spatium 7, 73 
 
 species 'appearance '2, 91; 'grandeur' 
 9,31 
 
 spes 3, 94 
 
 spectabilis 6, 49. P, 127. 12, 201. 13, 57 
 
 speculum 9, 118 
 
 gpolium ferae 4, 100 ; pecudis 6, 13 ; 
 leonis 9, 113 
 
 sponsor 2, 84 
 
 spumescere 2, 87 
 
 squamae 12, 101 
 
 stamen 3, 76. 9, 74 
 
 stare in 7, 166 ; tccum 10, 105 
 
 stat ' I am resolved ' 2, 143 
 
 statio7,89 
 
 statui 'to have a statue made of one' 
 2,67 
 
 stramen 5, 15 
 
 strata 'bed' 14,132. cf. 10,54 
 
 strenuus 13, 96 
 
 stringere 7, 185; manus 12,100 
 
 gtudia exercere 4, 86 ; studio loquendi 
 'in the heat of his story ' 6, 39 ; stu- 
 dio videndi 12, 149 
 
 stupefacere 14, 97 
 
 subducere 12, 107 
 
 subitus 'hastily made '3, 103; aquae 7, 
 94; viros 12, 98; casus 13, 132; tre- 
 mor 14, 18 
 
 subire 13, 51, 123 
 
 subjiceru 2,111 
 
 subjunctive (in rhetorical questions) 
 2, 99. 3, 145. 6, 778, 130. 10, 59. 13, 
 87, 40; (where an interrogation takes 
 the place of apodosis) 8, 50. 10, 45. 
 12, 117, 146; concessive 3, 21. 6, 59; 
 with forsitan 4,53,64. 7,133. 10,86. 
 12, 175; after volo 8, 61; after facere, 
 see facer e 
 
 sublimis 9, 129. 12,179 
 
 subnuba 6, 163 
 
 subripere 10, 130 
 
 subsequi 4, 40 
 
 subtrahere 14, 132 
 
 succedere 4, S3 
 
 successug -us 2, 85 
 
 succiduus 13, 24 
 
 succumbere 3, 91. 8, 88. 9, 2, 74. 12, 49 
 
 succurrere 9, 67 
 
 sulpur 7, 24 
 
 sum omitted 2, 18, 49, 115, 116. 3, 48. 
 7,69. 8,21. 7,69,75. 9,160. 10,61 
 
 sumere nurum 6, 80 
 
 summa ' chief power ' 7, 12 ; ' total ' 2, 
 66,66. 14,80 
 
 tuper (ace.) 6, 15 
 
 superare 2, 137 
 superbire 8, 43 
 superstare (ace.) 10. 123 
 superstes 13, 164 
 supervacuus 3, 35 
 supplicium 14,4 
 supponere 2, 133. 9, 18 
 surdus 7, 27 ; -dior 8, 9 
 suspicari 10, 83. 13, 62 
 sustineo 1, 114. 3, 142. 8, 5G 
 
 Taceri 9, 90 
 tacitus 3, 12 
 taeda pudica 6, 134; jugalis 4,121; 
 
 ' marriage ' 8, 35 ; pinea 12, 34 
 taedia 3, 189 
 taedifera 2, 42 
 taientum 3, 33 
 tangere'atfect'5,81. 6,113. 7,11. 8,15. 
 
 12, 183, 189 ; ' enter' 1, 42. 6, 24. 12, 
 
 67. 13,94 
 
 tanti 1, 4. 7, 45, 71. 9, 10 
 tardus dies 1, 8 ; ' retarded' 7, 104 
 tela ( = arma)3, 108 
 temerare 5, 101. 9, 49. 14, 17 
 temerarius 6, 21 
 temperare 1, 86 
 tempora 'temples of the head' 6,44. 
 
 9, 140 ; dates 2, 7 
 tempore ' for the time' 4, 109 
 temptare ' attack' 7, 121 
 tenaciter 3, 42. 9,21 
 tendere 'pitch tents ' 1, 35 ; ' to go' 2, 
 
 15. 13, 73; arcuin 4, 92; brachia 4, 
 
 153; retia5,20; faces 14, 10 
 tenere ' restrain ' 2, 14. 6, 126 ; ' retain' 
 
 6,157 
 
 teneri anni 4, 25 
 tenor 7, 112 
 
 terere urva 7, 16 ; tempora 7, 142 
 terga ' a hide' 6, 104 
 ternus 9, 37 
 terrigenae 6, 35. 12, 99 
 textum 9, 163 
 tlialamus 2,117. 3,72. 5,92. 6,95. 7, 
 
 124. 8, 97, 117. 12, 57, 62, 86. 14, 31 
 tibia 12, 144 
 tigris 2, 80. 10, 86 
 timide credere 6, 15 
 titulus 'fame' 6, 100. 7,76; 'an in- 
 scription' 2, 68, 73. 6, 26. 14, 128; 
 
 titufi 'honour ' 9, L 10, 130 
 tollere 'rear' 4,124 
 torpere 10, 44 
 torquatus 2, 119 
 torquere ora equi 4, 46 ; hastile 4, 81 ; 
 
 fulmina4.158; stamina 9, 79; torto 
 
 pectore 12, 102 
 torus 'a wife' 8, 26; 'marriage rights' 
 
 12, 193 ; marriage 7, 108 ; novus 14, 
 
 88; tori picti 12, 30 ; purpurei 5, 88. 
 
 12,52 
 
 tori 'muscles '9, 60 
 trajicere2,140
 
 OVIDII EPI8TULAE. 
 
 229 
 
 ninsire 'pierce' 3, 126 
 
 ributa 4, 54 
 
 rinodis 4, 115 
 
 riplex9,91. 12, T9 
 
 ripos 3,32 
 
 ristia (subs.) dangers 7, 56 ; 'sorrows ' 
 
 7,180 
 
 tristitia 'gloomy temper' 3,90 
 tropaeum 4, 66. 9,104 
 truncus (adj.) 9,140 
 trux4,73 
 
 tuba funerea 12, 140 
 turn cum 1,5. 3,23. 5,109 
 tumereS, 138. 7,121 
 tumescere 8, 57 
 
 turba 'great number* 2, 75. 9, 51; 
 'category' 4, 101. turba Graia 12, 10 
 turbo -inis 7, 66 
 turpiter 1, 93 
 tutus ab 12, 154 
 tympana 4, 40 
 
 TJbi 4, 150. 6, 4L 10, 56. 12, 103, 119 
 
 ultimus 1, 96. 6, 65. 12, 60. 14, 112 
 
 ululare 2, 117. 7,95. 8,117 
 
 ululatus -us 5, 73 
 
 ultra (temporal) 2,2; 'besides' 7,177 
 
 ultus (pass.) 8, 120 
 
 umbra ' reflection ' 14, 93 
 
 umbrae 7, 97; 'ghost' 12, 160 
 
 umbrosus 2, 113 
 
 ungere 10, 122 
 
 unguis 4, 30. 5, 72 
 
 unus 'the same' 6, 95 
 
 urere ' torture ' 3, 138. 7, 24 ; (of love) 
 4, 19, 20, 52; (of anger) 8, 58; of 
 fire) 14, 9 ; (of the funeral pyre) 7, 86 
 (note) 
 
 U8U8 7, 180 
 
 usque 6, 108 
 
 ut' although" or 'even supposing' 1, 
 116. 2,137. 3,134. 7,15,21,(utetiam) 
 65, 147. 10, 65-6, 108. 12, 131; 'as' 
 3,141. 6, 101; 'how' 7, 42; 'since' 
 2, 105; 'when' 3, 59. 6, 31. 8, 113. 
 9, 161. 12, 57. 13, 89; non ut 'not 
 that' 5, 83 ; quando erit ut 7, 19. 13, 
 118 
 
 utilis medendi 6, 147 
 
 utileS, 54; utilius 1, 67 
 
 utor 'experience ' 10, 29 
 
 Vacare (dat.) 12, 1 
 
 vae 3, 82 
 
 vallatus 4. 159 
 
 vanescere in auras 12, 85 
 
 vaticinari 5, 115 
 
 vellera aspera 'lion's hide ' 9, 112 ; alba 
 
 7,100. 12, 108 ; fulva 6, 14 
 velare 5, 131 
 
 velini with infin. for imperative 8, 110 
 venabula 4, 83 
 venatus -Os 5, 17 
 venefica 6, 19 
 veneficia 6, 150 
 venenatus 12, 95 
 venenum 6, 131. 9, 115, 163 ; veneni 
 
 sucus 12, 181 
 verbera -verba 10, 38 
 verecundus rubor 4, 72 
 versare currus 4, 45 ; pectora 12, 211 
 versum in se habere 'attract' 4, 82 
 vertere velum 10, 149. 13,134 ; In 8, 55, 
 
 74 
 
 vestes 1, 47, 75 
 vibrare 3, 125. 4,43. 14,39 
 videor (with partic.) 4, 36, 129. 9, 160 
 vilis 3, 4L 7. 48. 12, 187 
 villusl2,203 
 vindex8,7. 9,13 
 violentus 1, 13. 3, 61. 14, 43 
 vipereus 6, 33 
 vir 'husband' 5, 98. 6, 60, 108, 11L 8, 
 
 29. 9,168. 13,40,76,95. 14, 12; vir 
 
 viduas 8, 86. 9, 33; 'a man' Le. a 
 
 brave man 9, 106 
 vires pellere 'strength to repel ' 1, 109; 
 
 amoris 9, 162 ; authority 1, 86 
 virginitas 2, 115. 12, 111 
 viscera 1, 90 
 vitreus 10, 7 
 vivus 6, 88 
 vix bene 3, 2. 7, 90 ; vix paro 7, 122 ; 
 
 patitur 4, 22 ; credes 4, 37 ; quarn vix 
 
 5, 62; satis 9, 116; refecit 13, 26; 
 
 memini 8, 75 
 
 volo (with subj.) 4, 18. 8, 61 
 vomer 'yoke ' 12, 40 
 vultum dare 9, 129; vultus detinere 
 
 13,20;effugerel4,104 
 
 Zoca2,116. 9,66
 
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