184 
 
 TsPe 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS 
 
 INTERESTED IN JAPAN 
 AND 
 
 PROMINENT JAPANESE 
 
 IN AMERICA 
 
 SUPPLEMENT TO THE JANUARY 
 NUMBER OF 
 
 "JAPAN AND AMERICA" 
 
 i 903 
 
1 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 THE first feeling of friendship between the United States and Japan 
 began with the visit to Japan of Commodore Perry, of the Ameri 
 can navy. Ever since that memorable voyage Japan has felt that 
 the awakening of the Far East, and the great benefit she herself has 
 received from her acceptance of Western civilization, were due to the 
 stimulus and inspiration given by the United States. In the half 
 century that has followed, the friendship of the two nations has been 
 strengthened by means of a rapidly developing commerce. No Ameri 
 can should be ignorant of the fact that among the people of Japan 
 there is a sincere and deep-rooted friendship for the people of the 
 United States. 
 
 "Japan and America" was founded in this city in July, 1901, and 
 the " Japanese-American Commercial Weekly " in December, 1900, for 
 the purpose of helping to maintain and promote friendly and commercial 
 relations between America and Japan. They are endeavoring to draw 
 the peoples of the two countries closer together in all their relations 
 of life in trade, in art, in literature and in sympathy with each other 
 in the broad purpose, shared by both in common, of world-civilization. 
 Both nations, it should be remembered, are engaged upon the solution 
 of the same grave and important problem the civilization and uplifting 
 of inferior races. That the efforts of this periodical have been widely 
 appreciated is shown by the fact that " Japan and America " and the 
 " Japanese-American Commercial Weekly " now have a large and in 
 creasing circulation in the United States and in Japan. 
 
 We here present portraits and biographical sketches of prominent 
 Americans who are interested in Japan, and of Japanese who are inter 
 ested in America. The Americans who are most interested in Japan 
 are well known to the older people in Japan, but not to the younger 
 generation. It is our purpose to make known to this class such of 
 the successful Americans as they ought to know. In like manner, the 
 sketches tell Americans of some of the successful men of Japan. 
 
 690994 
 
A MONG the Americans, Mr. E. S. Morse and the Rev. Clay Mac- 
 ^^ Cauley, and many others ; among the Japanese, Messrs. Yasukata 
 Murai, Rioichiro Arai, Sadatsuji Uchida, Zenjuro Horikoshi, Kanai 
 Tozawa and Kisaburo Uyeno are not here, owing to the short time at 
 our disposal, but we are expecting in the near future to publish another 
 edition, which will contain some names that could not be inserted in this 
 collection. 
 
 Any errors found in these sketches will be corrected in the next 
 edition. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Dr. James C. Hepburn 7 
 
 The Rev. Dr. William Elliot Griffis. 9 
 
 Mr. Durham White Stevens 13 
 
 Rev. Merriman Colbert Harris 17 
 
 General Steward Lyndon Woodford 19 
 
 Prof. David Starr Jordan . t* 25 
 
 Mr. James Rolland Morse 29 
 
 Prof. George Trumbull Ladd 31 
 
 Mr. Franklin Allen 33 
 
 Hon. Alfred J. Ostheimer 35 
 
 Mr. Joseph Marshall Wade 37 
 
 Mr. Isaac Stiebel 43 
 
 Mr. Carl Scheur 45 
 
 Mr. James J. Hill 46 
 
 Mr. Silas D. Webb , 50 
 
 Mr. John Foord 51 
 
 Mr. Basil H. Betts 53 
 
 Mr. John T. Hamilton 57 
 
 Hon. Minister Kogoro Takahira 65 
 
 Dr. Jokichi Takamine 69 
 
 Mr. Gojuro Nagasaki 75 
 
 Mr. Kenzo Iwahara 79 
 
 Count Hirokichi Mutsu 81 
 
 Mr. Takenosuke Furuya 83 
 
 Mr. Shaw T. Nishimura 85 
 
 Mr. Tomotsune Mitsutany 87 
 
 Mr. Daijiro Ushikubo 89 
 
 Mr. Bunkio Matsuki 91 
 
 Mr. Mumajiro Yamada ..-. .> . ^ ....... *. 93 
 
 Mr. Jiro Sakabe .. .... . .. 95 
 
 Hinode Club V. . . ,>, . ; ] . - . i ; ; .- ,.]. .;. 97 
 

 DR. JAMKS C. HKPBUKN. 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 7 
 
 DR. JAMES C. HEPBURN. 
 
 There is not a more distinguished name in connection with the 
 exploitation of Japan and Japanese literature than that of Dr. Hepburn. 
 His monumental work, the Japanese-English dictionary, is a masterpiece 
 of scholarship in the class with the great lexicons of Johnson, Grimm 
 and Webster, though requiring far greater industry, patience and learning 
 than any of these. It is a boon and a necessity to every student of 
 Japanese. 
 
 James C. Hepburn, born in Milton, Pa., in 1815, was graduated from 
 Princeton College in 1832, and from the Medical Department of the 
 University of Pennsylvania in 1836. Went as a missionary physician to 
 China in 1840. After residing in Singapore two years during the war 
 between England and China, went up to China and resided about three 
 years in Amoy, where he opened a hospital and dispensary in conjunction 
 with Dr. W. H. dimming, where he also compiled a complete vocabulary 
 of Fokeen colloquial dialect ; but his own health, as well as that of his 
 wife breaking down, he returned to the United States. He commenced 
 the practice of medicine in New York City, where he resided some 
 thirteen years. 
 
 When Japan was opened to foreign residence and trade, he resigned 
 his work in New York and sailed for Japan in April, 1859, arriving in 
 Kanagawa in October of the same year. He resided in Kanagawa, 
 studying the language, until the winter of 1862, when he removed to 
 Yokohama and opened a dispensary for the gratuitous treatment of the 
 sick, and teaching the Christian religion. He also constructed a 
 grammar of the Japanese language and compiled a Japanese and English 
 dictionary, which he published in 1867 in Shanghai, there being no 
 facilities for doing it in Japan. This dictionary, the first and only one 
 of the kind, being gradually improved and enlarged, passed through three 
 editions. Dr. Hepburn also assisted materially in the translation of the 
 Holy Scriptures into the Japanese language, besides publishing the first 
 Christian tract; also a Bible dictionary in that language. He was one 
 of the founders of the Christian College, known as the Meiji Gaku In, in 
 Tokyo, of which he w r as the first president, and to which he contributed 
 largely in funds. He was elected a member of the Japan Medical Society 
 of Tokyo and added largely to its library, and was one of the first 
 presidents of the Asiatic Society of Japan. On account of age and 
 increasing physical infirmity, he retired from his work in Japan and 
 returned to the United States, hoping to enjoy a few years of quiet rest. 
 
REV. DR. WILLIAM ELLIOT GRIFFIS. 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 
 
 THE REV. DR. WILLIAM ELLIOT GRIFFIS. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. William Elliot Griffis, author of " The Mikado s 
 Empire " and of other books almost equally famous, was born in the 
 city of Philadelphia in 1843. His taste f r travel and adventure was 
 inherited from six generations of Devonshire, England, seamen and 
 navigators. His father, John L. Griffis, for many years was a sea 
 captain and visited almost all of the great islands of the Pacific Ocean. 
 Dr. Griffis s grandfather was also a lifelong navigator. Another grand 
 father and two uncles were Friends, but during the Revolutionary War 
 became " Free Quakers," and were officers in the Continental army. 
 It is a matter of historical interest to note here that the wife of one 
 of the soldiers in Col. Jehu Eyre s regiment made the first American 
 flag. Dr. Griffis s father was a coal merchant in Philadelphia during 
 the later portion of his life. After taking a course in the public schools 
 Dr. Griffis entered the Philadelphia High School. When twenty-two 
 he became a student at Rutger s College, and was graduated in the 
 class of 1869 with the degree of A. B. Later he was made an A. M. 
 by his alma mater, and received the degree of D. D. from Union 
 College, and Rutgers made him an L. H. D. in 1899. 
 
 During his college life he received five prizes in oratory, English 
 composition and science. In 1869 he visited Europe with the intention 
 of taking a course in theology in the German universities, but hs love 
 for travel led him to decide that the best use he could make of his 
 time was to see as much of the Old World as extensively as possible, 
 which he did. Upon his return he took a course in the Theological 
 Seminary of the Reformed Dutch Church at New Brunswick. 
 
 About that time 1867 Japanese students were flocking to this 
 country, and Dr. Griffis became much interested in their condition and 
 formed many personal acquaintances with these young men.- He wrote 
 an article about that time in the New York " Independent," which 
 attracted considerable attention. In 1870 there came an application 
 from Japan for young men to teach physical science in that country, 
 and one of the most progressive of the 300 feudal rulers of that country, 
 Matsudaira Echizen no Kami, invited him, during that year, to enter 
 upon the work. He accepted the call, and organized a school on the 
 American model at Fukui, and for a year lived alone in that strange 
 
io PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 
 
 country, witnessing sights never before seen by an American. At that 
 time .these 300 feudal barons had their own territory, and Dr. Griffis 
 saw all sides of life between the extremes of the ruler and the outcast. 
 He is now the only man of Caucasian race living who lived at a 
 Daimyo s court and saw the old feudal system in operation. He helped 
 to organize the schools in the province of Echizen, in which is now 
 the terminus of the cross-island railroad in that county. Many of 
 his students have since become prominent officers in the Japanese 
 Government, and his personal relations with the people were most 
 pleasant. He journeyed frequently into the regions of central and 
 northern Japan and inspected their mines, gun factories, oil wells, silk- 
 reeling apparatus, etc. About that time the feudal system of 300 
 barons was broken up and everything was centralized under the 
 Mikado at Tokyo, the capital. His baron was summoned away and 
 most of his students left the capital. 
 
 Having proposed to the Minister of Education, Mr. Oki Takato, 
 in Tokyo, that a polytechnic school be established, Dr. Griffis was 
 invited to undertake the work, and the plan was later carried out. 
 While waiting for its perfection he was invited to the chair of physical 
 sciences in the Imperial University, where he remained three years. 
 Here he also saw much of Japanese life, and had an audience with the 
 Emperor and became acquainted with most of the members of the 
 Cabinet Okubo, Kido, Okuma, and others who led the great national 
 movement which swung Japan from its ancient civilization into modern 
 progress. For two years his oldest sister was with him, so that at 
 their household the daughters as well as the sons of the prominent 
 Japanese were entertained. Regarded as a learned man and made a 
 member of their societies, he was able to come into contact with all 
 classes of people, and traveled extensively in different portions of the 
 country. His library at Ithaca contains many rare books published 
 in the Japanese language, and he has probably the finest collection of 
 general works upon Japan in the United States. 
 
 He returned to America in 1874, and for five years continued the 
 study of the language and literature of that country. The first two 
 years of that period were spent in writing and lecturing throughout 
 the United States. The first edition of " The Mikado s Empire " 
 came out in August, 1876. From this time until the Shimonoseki 
 indemnity was returned to Japan copies of the chapter on "The 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. n 
 
 Shimonoseki Affair " in the United States were sent to members of 
 Congress, and Mr. Griffis agitated the subject in his lectures for years. 
 
 He resumed his theological studies, and completed a course in the 
 Union Theological Seminary, of New York City, where he was under 
 the instruction of Drs. Schaff, Briggs, Adams, Hitchcock and other 
 noted religious leaders. His first call was to the Reformed Protestant 
 Dutch Church of Schenectady, N. Y. The 2OOth anniversary of the 
 church was celebrated while he was pastor, and, with its loan exhi 
 bition of historical relics and its publication of a memorial, was a great 
 affair. 
 
 Doctor, or, as he was then called, " Domine," Griffis made good 
 use of the rare books and records in the historical archives of Albany, 
 and made extensive researches concerning Holland and the Dutch. 
 During one year he filled the chair of mental science in Union College. 
 During this period he was united in marriage to a daughter of Prof. 
 Irving Stanton, of Union College. After a stay of nine years he was 
 called to the pastorate of the First Schamut Congregational Church, 
 on Tremont street, Boston, where he remained seven years. He was 
 a frequent visitor to the libraries of that classic town and met many 
 prominent literary people. In 1891 Dr. Griffis, with his wife, went 
 to London, a delegate to the International Congregational Council. 
 His church was for many years one of the leading ones in the denomi 
 nation in Boston, but owing to the marked change made in the 
 population by the lately completed electric railways, his church is 
 now a mission church. After a stay of seven years he resigned to 
 become pastor of the First Congregational Church of Christ in Ithaca, 
 N. Y., in 1893, where he has since remained. Upon leaving Boston 
 he was presented by his people with a handsome gold watch and $2,500. 
 
 The proximity of Cornell University has been of great advantage 
 to him in pursuing his literary studies, but, at the same time, he has 
 not neglected the duties of a pastor s calling. 
 
 He has been in Europe six times in 1869, 1891, 1892, 1895, 1898 
 and 1900. By special invitation he was present at the coronation of 
 Queen Wilhelmina of Holland. This honor came to him because of 
 his prominence as an investigator and writer upon Dutch history. He 
 is one of the three American members of the Netherlandish Society 
 of Letters, of Leyden. During his ministry he has been offered the 
 presidency of several colleges, but his church labors and his literary 
 
12 PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 
 
 pursuits have made a response to such calls inadvisable in his judgment. 
 He is president of the De Witt Historical Society, member of the 
 American Institute of Arts and Letters, etc., etc. He takes a lively 
 interest in the present American movement in the Far East, and he 
 is one of the best posted scholars in the United States concerning that 
 portion of the world. 
 
 His literary productions have been numerous, and cover widely 
 different lines of thought. Among them may be noted " Honda, the 
 Samurai," a tale of Japan of to-day, showing its customs, also referring 
 to its legends and history, the whole being given in the form of an 
 interesting romance ; " The Lily Among Thorns," a study of the Song 
 of Solomon ; " Matthew Calbraith Perry," the life story of this typical 
 American naval officer ; " Corea, the Hermit Nation " ; " The Mikado s 
 Empire," which is now in its ninth edition ; " The Japanese Fairy 
 World," containing thirty-five stories from the wonderlore of Japan ; 
 Townsend Harris," a biography of the first American envoy in Japan ; 
 " Brave Little Holland and What She Taught Us," " Japan in History, 
 Folklore and Art," " Sir William Johnson and the Six Nations," " The 
 Pilgrims in Their Three Homes England, Holland and America." 
 Several of these works are regarded as standard productions of American 
 literature, and their preparation was made possible only by means of 
 the rare advantages for personal investigation among the Dutch and 
 Japanese archives and people. 
 
 Dr. Griffis, although a learned man, possesses the happy faculty of 
 making himself pleasant to all classes young and old, and is much loved 
 by his people. He has lived a life of great intellectual industry and 
 possesses high genius both as a preacher and author. 
 
 Although his masterwork, The Mikado s Empire," is his best known 
 book, Dr. Griffis has written three other notable books about Japan. 
 These are "Verbeck of Japan," "A Maker of the New Orient," being a 
 life of S. R. Brown ; and a story, "In the Mikado s Service." He also 
 has other books in preparation : "Japanese Feudalism," "Mikadoism," 
 and " The Constitutional Development of Japan." 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 13 
 
 MR. DURHAM WHITE STEVENS, 
 
 Honorary Counsellor of the Japanese Legation, Washington. 
 
 Durham White Stevens was born in Washington, D. C, and was 
 educated there and at Oberlin College, from which institution he grad 
 uated in 1871. He then studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 the District of Columbia. 
 
 In 1873 ne was appointed secretary of the United States Legation 
 at Tokyo by President Grant. The Minister, appointed about the same 
 time, was the Hon. John A. Bingham, a distinguished public man and 
 lawyer, and Mr. Stevens accompanied him to Japan. 
 
 Mr. Stevens served in the capacity of secretary of the United States 
 Legation at Tokyo under Mr. Bingham from October, 1873, until July, 
 1883, and on one occasion as Charge d Affaires ad interim, in 1878-79. 
 during his chief s absence in the United States. In July he resigned 
 the office and returned to the United States. In November of that 
 year he entered the service of the Japanese Government as English 
 Secretary to the Imperial Legation at Washington. In 1884 he was 
 ordered to Tokyo for service in the Foreign Office. In the winter of 
 1884-85 he accompanied Count Inouye to Korea, when the latter went 
 as ambassador to negotiate a settlement of the difficulties arising from 
 the assault upon Mr. Takezoye, the Japanese Ministei to Korea, and 
 the murder of a number of Japanese subjects. For services rendered 
 on that occasion Mr. Stevens received from His Majesty the Emperor 
 the decoration of the Third Class of the Order of the Rising Sun. 
 
 At the conference for the revision of the treaties between Japan and 
 the foreign powers held at Tokyo in 1885-87, Mr. Stevens was made a 
 member of the Bureau du Protocole of the conference, and served in 
 that capacity until the adjournment of the conference. He then returned 
 to the Legation at Washington, having been given the rank of Honorary 
 Counsellor of Legation. He served under Count Mutsu when the latter 
 was Minister at Washington, and during that time assisted in the negotia 
 tion of the Treaty with Mexico, which was the first treaty made by Japan 
 fully recognizing her right to exercise all the sovereign powers of an 
 independent state. He also served under Mr. Kurino at Washington at 
 
AIR. DURHAM WHITE STKVKNS, 
 Honorary Counsellor of the Japanese Legation, Washington. 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 15 
 
 the time the present treaty between Japan and the United States was 
 negotiated. 
 
 For services rendered during the war between Japan and China, Mr. 
 Stevens received the decoration of the Second Class of the Sacred 
 Treasure. Subsequently he was also granted the decoration of the 
 Second Class of the Order of the Rising- Sun. 
 
 On several occasions Mr. Stevens has been recalled to Japan for 
 temporary service in connection with public business, and on two 
 occasions, in 1900 and 1901, he was sent to Hawaii to assist in settling 
 the claims of Japanese subjects for losses occasioned by the destruction 
 of their property on account of the prevalence of bubonic plague in the 
 Hawaiian Islands in 1899. 
 
 Mr. Stevens has now been nearly twenty years in the Japanese 
 service. During that time he has been brought in contact with most 
 of the prominent men of Japan, both in public and private life. The 
 term of his service has covered one of the most important and inter 
 esting epochs in Japan s history. ** 
 
 Motoori caught the exact spirit of Japan and 
 of the Japanese character in his immortal gem 
 of five lines : 
 
 " Shikishima no 
 
 Yamato gokoro wo 
 Hito Towaba 
 
 Asahi ni niwou 
 Yamazakura hana! 
 
 Which Dr. Nitobe has translated into English, 
 as follows : 
 
 " Isles of blest Japan, 
 Should your Yamato Spirit 
 Strangers seek to scan, 
 Say scenting morn s sun-lit air, 
 Blows the cherry, wild and fair !" 
 
REV. MERRIMAN COLBERT HARRIS. 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 17 
 
 REV. MERRIMAN COLBERT HARRIS. 
 
 Merriman Colbert Harris was born in Bealesville, Ohio, July 9, 
 1846. His ancestors settled in Virginia before and during the war of 
 the Revolution. Upon the opening up of the Territory of Ohio his 
 immediate ancestors settled in that promising region. He was educated 
 in the common schools, and at the age of seventeen in 1863 enlisted 
 in the Twelfth Ohio Cavalry, and was discharged in November, 1865, 
 at the close of the war. 
 
 After the war he attended school at Rural Seminary and Wash 
 ington Academy, and afterward taught school for two years. He 
 joined the Pittsburg Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church 
 and was ordained a minister in 1871 in Steubenville, Ohio, by Bishop 
 Clarke. After this he spent three years at Allegheny College, arid in 
 1873 was graduated B. A., having completed the classical and Biblical 
 courses of that institution. 
 
 In March, 1873, he was appointed a missionary of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church to Japan. In October of the same year he was 
 married to Flora L. Best, of Meadville, Pa., and left immediately for 
 Japan, accompanied by his wife, arriving in Yokohama December I4th. 
 They disembarked and remained there for a few weeks, and then 
 removed to Hakodate, being the first missionaries to North Japan. He 
 lived five years in Hakodate, and there began the study of the languages 
 and civilization of Japan. He was appointed Vice-Consul of the United 
 States in 1874, and assisted the American Consul in his duties until 
 the death of the latter in 1875, when he became Acting Consul, and 
 remained in charge until the closing of the Consulate in 1878. 
 
 In the year 1878 he was transferred to Tokyo, Japan, where he 
 resided until 1886. During this time he traveled over north and 
 central Japan, preached, lectured in all the principal cities, organized 
 churches and laid the foundation for many Christian societies. He 
 was a charter member of the Methodist Episcopal Mission, which was 
 organized on his birthday, July 9, 1873, m Yokohama, and one of the 
 original members of the Japan Conference, effected in July, 1884, in 
 Tokyo. 
 
 On account of the illness of his wife he returned to San Francisco 
 in 1886, and was appointed superintendent of the Japanese mission, 
 
18 PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 
 
 where he has lived and labored until the present. The mission in 
 San Francisco has prospered and spread over the Pacific Coast and 
 Hawaii, and is now organized as the Pacific-Japanese Mission, with 
 sixteen churches and 1,100 members and many adherents. 
 
 In 1898 he visited Japan to attend the twenty-fifth anniversary of 
 the Methodist Episcopal Mission. During this visit it pleased his 
 Imperial Japanese Majesty to confer on him the Order of the Sacred 
 Treasure, Fourth Class. In 1901 he also revisited Japan and spent three 
 months on a preaching tour in connection with Forward Movement 
 of the Christian Churches. He traveled the length of Japan, and was 
 cordially received by all classes. On the occasion of the fifteen anni 
 versary of his work for the Japanese on the Pacific Coast a testimonial 
 to him and Mrs. Harris was given by Japanese of all classes, at which 
 time a gift of a beautiful Geneva watch and $1,000 were tendered to him. 
 
 CONSTANCY IN FRIENDSHIP. 
 
 Hito wa iza 
 
 Kokoro mo shirazu 
 Furusato wa 
 
 Hana zo mukashi no 
 
 Ka ni nioi-keru 
 
 (Ki no Tsurayuki.) 
 
 No, no ! as for man, 
 
 How his heart is none can tell. 
 But the plum s sweet flower 
 
 In my birthplace, as of yore, 
 
 Still emits the same perfume. 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 19 
 
 GENERAL STEWART LYNDON WOODFORD. 
 
 Stewart Lyndon Woodford was born in the city of New York on 
 September 3rd, 1835. His ancestors on both sides were of English and 
 Puritan stock, and the family name is on the muster rolls of the colonial 
 and revolutionary armies and in the War of 1812. General Woodford, 
 the subject of this sketch, was the eighth in direct descent from the first 
 of these pioneers. 
 
 His early education was at the Columbia Grammar School. When 
 fifteen years old he entered Columbia College ; spent his sophomore and 
 junior years at Yale College, and then returned to Columbia College, 
 where he graduated as valedictorian in 1854. That year was likewise 
 the centennial year of his alma mater, and his was the unique distinction 
 of delivering a "centennial oration" in place of the customary valedictory 
 address. 
 
 Mr. Woodford studied law and was admitted to practice at the Bar 
 of New York State. Early in life he took an active part in public affairs. 
 In 1860 he was delegate to the Republican National Convention which 
 nominated Lincoln for the Presidency, and in December of that year 
 was messenger of the Electoral College of New York, and carried the 
 Lincoln vote to Washington. President Lincoln offered him a federal 
 judgeship in the then territory of Nebraska, which Mr. W^oodford 
 declined. In 1861 he was appointed Assistant United States District 
 Attorney for the Southern District of New York and as such had charge 
 of the famous blockade cases and litigation growing out of the War of 
 the Rebellion. Scarcely a year had passed when the urgent call for men 
 at the front led him to resign his office and enter the army. He enlisted 
 in the I27th New York Volunteers, was at once promoted to be captain 
 of his company, and then became lieutenant-colonel. He served in this 
 rank for two years and during most of this time was in command of his 
 regiment. After much active service in the field he became Judge 
 Advocate General of the Department of the South, Provost Marshal 
 General, and finally Chief of Staff to General Gilmore, commanding that 
 Department. After the victory of the Union forces in South Carolina 
 he became the first Military Governor of Charleston, and was subse 
 quently transferred to the command of Savannah. His years of active 
 service in the field won for him promotion as colonel and brevet brigadier 
 
GENERAL STEWART LYNDON WOODFORD. 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 21 
 
 general for gallantry in action. The list of brigadier generals being rilled, 
 he was assigned by special order of the President to duty under his brevet 
 rank and so continued to the end of the war. 
 
 General Woodford then returned to his law practice. He declined 
 the Republican nomination for Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in 
 the city of New York, but was recalled to public life in 1886 by election 
 on the Republican ticket as Lieutenant Governor of the State of New 
 York. In 1868 he declined a congressional nomination, but in 1872 
 was elected member of Congress from Brooklyn. The year 1870 was 
 memorable by the contest over the Governorship between the Republican 
 Party and the famous Tweed ring. General Woodford was candidate 
 of his party in this contest, but his opponent, John T. Hoffman, was 
 declared elected. The election was bitterly contested, and Republicans 
 throughout the State asserted that the Tweed forces had deliberately 
 counted out their opponent. This contention was finally demonstrated 
 to be true by the confessions of William M. Tweed and A. Oakey Hall 
 themselves, made before their death. Under President Grant and Presi 
 dent Garfield, General Woodford again served as United States District 
 Attorney and remained steadily in the practice of his profession in spite 
 of tempting offers in the form of various diplomatic positions which were 
 offered to him. In the Republican National Convention of 1876 and 
 1880 he was prominent as a candidate for the Vice-Presidential nomina 
 tion, but withdrew in the former convention in favor of William A. 
 Wheeler, and again withdrew in the latter convention, and himself placed 
 Chester A. Arthur in nomination. 
 
 In 1875 General Woodford rendered what some have considered the 
 most signal service of his public life. Congress had passed the Resump 
 tion Act, which pledged the government to the resumption of specie 
 payment on the first day of January, 1879. Gold was then selling at a 
 considerable premium, as it had been since 1862. The Democratic Party 
 of Ohio took bold and uncompromising ground against this resumption ; 
 declared that it was unwise, unjust to the debtor class, and impossible of 
 execution. The Republican Party, then in power, accepted the issue as 
 the controlling one, and made the local canvass in Ohio the first contest 
 of the campaign. General Woodford had become known as an earnest 
 advocate of specie resumption. Although a New Yorker, and thus 
 recognized as a representative of Wall Street interests, he went to Ohio 
 and conducted what proved to be one of the most remarkable series of 
 
22 PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 
 
 joint debates in our political history. He and his opponent, General 
 Thomas Ewing, the leader of the Ohio Democracy, spoke at the same 
 meetings, with the result that Rutherford B. Hayes was elected as Gover 
 nor by the narrow majority of about 5,000. But the Republican victory 
 and the verdict in favor of sound money fixed the attitude of the parties, 
 decided the question of resumption, and restored the financial credit of 
 the nation. 
 
 For a number of years past General Woodford has mainly devoted 
 himself to his profession, and is a member of the law firm of Ritch, 
 Woodford, Bovee & Butcher, in New York City. In 1896 he was 
 appointed by Governor Morton as one of the commissioners to prepare 
 the charter of the consolidated city of the Greater New York. In 1897 
 he was again called into the service of his country by his appointment 
 under President McKinley as United States Minister to the Court of 
 Madrid. This mission, owing to the strained relations between Spain 
 and the United States regarding Cuba, was the most delicate and respon 
 sible post in our entire diplomatic service. He remained at Madrid 
 during the long and exciting negotiations until war was formally 
 declared on the 2ist of April, 1898. Upon his return to the United 
 States, President McKinley offered him a commission as Major General 
 in the volunteer army. But General Woodford declined the commission 
 and continued as titular Minister to Spain until September, 1898, when 
 he resigned and received the thanks of the Department of State and of 
 the President for the faithful and effective discharge of his duties. He 
 is now practising law, is director and trustee in several leading financial 
 institutions, is a trustee of Cornell University, and is deeply interested in 
 all educational matters. 
 
 The General has always been a friend of Japan. Recently he 
 returned from quite an extended visit to that country, and to China ; and, 
 in an interview given to the "Independent," he said : 
 
 "During my recent visit to Japan I was singularly favored by the 
 courtesy of Marquis Ito, to whom I had letters of introduction, and by 
 the kindness of my old army friend, Colonel Buck, who has been for some 
 five years the able representative of our government at Tokyo. I feel 
 that my opportunity for seeing the country and getting acquainted with 
 its people were exceptionally good, and I certainly received vivid impres 
 sions of the progress that has been made in Japan. That progress is 
 very significant in its relation to China. 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 23 
 
 "Japan is admirable in many ways. Physically i^ is a very beautiful 
 country. The Japanese are certainly a remarkable people. As a nation 
 Japan is as compact and cohesive as any nation on the globe, and her 
 people are essentially patriotic. They are polite, industrious, capable, 
 and peculiarly ambitious. Remember that it is not fifty years since 
 Commodore Perry opened the empire to the outside world. It is hardly 
 fair to compare Japan with Western Europe or with the United States, 
 but compared to the rest of Asia she is immeasurably in advance. She 
 is still advancing. She has over 2,000 miles of steam railway in operation 
 and is steadily building more. There are tramways in Tokyo and 
 Nagoya, gas and electric plants in most of the larger cities, and the 
 representative of R. G. Dun & Co., who returned on the steamer with 
 me, told me that the commercial marine of Japan registered in her 
 home ports now exceeds 3,000,000 tons. The Japanese steam lines 
 connect with Vancouver, Seattle, San Francisco, Honolulu, Australia 
 and all Chinese coast ports and Vladivostock. 
 
 " Ambitious as the Japanese unquestionably are, I do not believe 
 that Japan seeks to profit by the misfortunes of China or desires to 
 wrest from those misfortunes her own aggrandizement. I do not believe 
 that Japan seeks loot or present territorial expansion at the expense 
 of China. On the contrary, Japan regards China with affectionate 
 reverence, and has a most earnest desire to assist China in all possible 
 development. She wishes China to wake up, to become strong, and 
 to be in fact, as well as in name, a nation. All that Japan can do to 
 bring this about will be done with patience, delicacy, and with a per 
 sistence that I do not believe can be finally baffled. Japan is steadily 
 acquiring the industrial and scientific education of Europe and America. 
 She is assimilating what we know and what we can do. The Japanese 
 do not seem to me to be an essentally inventive people. They acquire, 
 adapt and use, but have hardly yet reached the point where they 
 improve upon our methods. With wonderful honesty of judgment 
 Japan recognized her deficiency when first brought into contact with 
 the nations of the West, and with unprecedented patience, humility, 
 intelligence and unanimity of purpose she has sought, and still seeks, to 
 remedy these deficiencies. It has been a great work well done. When 
 you recall what she was in 1853 you will realize this more clearly. 
 Japan was then a medieval nation. She had art, temples, a completely 
 developed feudal system and good local industries, but she knew literally 
 
24 PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 
 
 nothing of modern science, and was where Europe was about the year 
 800, without any of the impulses of what we understand of Christian 
 development. To-day she has not only railways, telegraphs and machine 
 shops, but a very complete and general system of popular education, 
 beginning with the kindergarten and culminating in two great national 
 universities one at Tokyo and one at Kyoto. There are more than 
 2,000 students in the university at Tokyo, and nearly half of the children 
 of school age are in the public schools of Japan. 
 
 " Now that she has fairly won to the front among the powers of 
 the world, she is reaching out a hand to help China climb. There are 
 in Japanese colleges and schools to-day more than 500 Chinese students, 
 who are being educated by the Japanese in modern science and in 
 Japanese methods. 
 
 The foreign trade of Japan is constantly increasing, and we are 
 not getting that proportion to which our situation on the east side of 
 the Pacific and our industrial abilities justly entitle us. The English 
 and the Germans especially the Germans are exploiting with energy 
 and shrewdness, and they are getting trade that logically belongs to us. 
 
 " I found new Japan calling Commodore Perry its father and cele 
 brating the Fourth of July with more than Yankee fervor. When I 
 sailed from Yokohama the town was fairly ablaze with our flag. This 
 gratitude deserves our friendship, and I heartily hope that Japan may 
 realize her brightest dream of effective friendship for China." 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 25 
 
 PROF. DAVID STARR JORDAN. 
 
 David Starr Jordan, whose wide interest in everything pertaining 
 to the Pacific Ocean and coasts, and in Japan in particular, has endeared 
 him to the Japanese, was born January 19, 1851, at Gainesville, New 
 York. His father was Hiram Jordan, and his mother s name before 
 marriage was Huldah Hawley. He received his early education at the 
 academy in Gainesville, and entered the first Freshman class of Cornell 
 University in 1869. He was graduated from this university in 1872 
 with the degree of M.S. He afterwards, in 1875, obtained the degree of 
 Medical Doctor from the Indiana Medical College, Ph.D. from Butler 
 University in 1878, LL.D. from Cornell University in 1886. 
 
 His career as an instructor and teacher began in 1871, when he was 
 made an instructor in botany in Cornell University. He was Professor 
 of Natural History in Lombard University in 1872-73, Principal of 
 Appleton (Wisconsin) Collegiate Institute, 1873-74 ; student, and after- 
 "vaicls Lecturer, in Marine Botany in the Anderson School at Penikese, 
 Teacher of Natural History in the Indianapolis High School, 1874-75; 
 Professor of Biology in Butler University, 1875-79; Assistant United 
 States Fish Commissioner, 1877-91 ; Professor of Zoology in Indiana 
 University, 1879-85; President of Indiana University, 1885-91; Trustee 
 of Cornell University, 1887-92, and has been President of Leland Stan 
 ford, Jr., University since 1891. In 1896-98 he was elected President of 
 the California Academy of Sciences, and again in 1901. He was made 
 United States Commissioner in Charge of the Fur Seal Investigations, 
 1896-98, and has been Commissioner in Charge of United States Fish 
 Commission Investigations in Pacific Ocean since. 1901. 
 
 Dr. Jordan has been and still is a prolific writer, as he is a recognized 
 authority on a number of related subjects. His most important publi 
 cations are the following : Synopsis of the Fishes of North America, with 
 Dr. Charles H. Gilbert, 1882 ; revised and enlarged under title of Fishes 
 of North and Middle America, with Dr. Barton W. Evermann, 1896; A 
 Check List of the Fishes and Fish-like Vertebrates of North and Middle 
 America, with Dr. Barton W. Evermann, 1896; Report of Fur Seal 
 Investigations, 1896-97; A Manual ot the Vertebrate Animals of the 
 Northern United States, 1875; Science Sketches, 1887; Footnotes to 
 Evolution, 1898; Imperial Democracy, 1899; Care and Culture of Men, 
 
PROF. DAVID STARR JORDAN. 
 President of Leland Stanford, Jr., University. 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 27 
 
 1896; The Story of the Innumerable Company and Other Sketches, 1896; 
 Matka and Kotik, 1897; The Book of Knight and Barbara, 1899; The 
 Strength of Being Clean, 1900 ; Standeth God Within the Shadow, 1900 ; 
 The Philosophy of Despair, 1902 ; The Blood of the Nation, 1902. 
 
 He is a contributor to the Atlantic Monthly, the Forum, the Ameri 
 can Naturalist, the Dial, the Popular Science Monthly, Science. He 
 is also a Fellow of the American Association for Advancement of 
 Science, a member of the American Ornithological Union, and Biological 
 Society of Washington, D. C. 
 
 The reputation of Dr. Jordan and his well known friendliness toward 
 the Japanese have attracted many young Japanese to Leland Stanford, 
 Jr., University. Many of these have graduated from that institution, 
 and there are now some 35 students from Japan in the institution. 
 
 The nightingale is fond of the plum in flowers, 
 and a young girl had a beautiful tree in which 
 a songster came daily to pour out its " full heart 
 in profuse strains of unpremeditated art." But 
 it so happened that the favorite plum tree of 
 the Emperor died, and his servants, searching 
 for one to take its place, seized the girl s. She 
 thereupon wrote the following verses and secretly 
 fastened them to the tree : 
 
 " Claimed for our Sovereign s use, 
 Blossoms I have loved so long 
 
 Can I in duty fail 
 
 But for the Nightingale, 
 Seeking her home of song, 
 
 How can I find excuse." 
 
 The simple and deep beauty of it draws tears. 
 Of course, the Emperor had the plum tree re 
 stored to the girl and the bird. 
 
MR. JAMES ROLLAND MORSE, 
 President of American Trading Company. 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 29 
 
 MR. JAMES HOLLAND MORSE. 
 
 James Rolland Morse, president of the American Trading Company, 
 of 25 Broad street, New York City, was born in Fondulac County, 
 Wis., January i, 1848. At the age of fourteen, in company with his 
 father and brother, he went to Nevada, where he remained for three 
 years, and from there went to California, locating in San Francisco. 
 In 1868 he entered the employ of H. H. Bancroft & Co., publishers, 
 booksellers and stationers, and remained with them until 1871, when, 
 in company with F. B. Bancroft, he went to Portland, Ore., where the 
 two started in business under the firm name of Bancroft & Morse, in 
 1873. Mr. Morse sold out his interest in the firm and returned to 
 San Francisco, to enter again the employ of H. H. Bancroft & Co. as 
 manager of one of their principal departments. In February, 1875, ne 
 went to Japan to join the firm of Chipman, Stone & Co. The following 
 year the firm failed, and Mr. Morse was selected to take charge of and 
 close up the business for the benefit of the creditors, some of whom 
 joined him, in 1877, in starting the American Clock and Brass Company, 
 he becoming the general manager for China and Japan. In 1883 the 
 name was changed to the American Trading Company, and Mr. Morse 
 went to London to open a branch and appoint an agent to do the 
 company s buying for their Eastern branches, which included Yokohama 
 and Kobe, Japan; and Shanghai, China. Mr. Morse was the first 
 American to have business relations with Korea, and was authorized 
 by that Government, in 1883, to negotiate a loan for 600,000, offering 
 as security all the mines of the country and the customs revenues. So 
 little was known of the Hermit Kingdom at that time that financiers 
 could not be induced to make the loan. A few years later Mr. Morse 
 obtained a large mining concession in Korea, which is now being 
 successfully worked by an American syndicate. He also obtained a 
 concession for a railway to connect the principal seaport, Chemulpo, 
 with the capital, Seoul. Associated with him in his enterprises were 
 fifteen of the leading bankers of Japan, headed by Baron Shibusawa. 
 The road was completed and formally opened in October, 1901. It is 
 the only fully equipped American railway in the Far East and the 
 first road to be built in Korea. 
 
 For nearly twenty-eight years Mr. Morse has been closely identified 
 with the development of trade between the United States and the Far 
 East, and only recently gave up his home in Japan to return to New 
 York to take charge of the enormous business his company is now 
 transacting with nearly all parts of the globe. 
 
PROF. GEORGE TRUMBULL LADD. 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 31 
 
 PROF. GEORGE TRUMBULL LADD. 
 
 " The intellectual world of New Japan will ever feel gratitude toward 
 Professor Ladd for his untiring trips, taken from a long distance, in 
 order that his lectures may be delivered within its very gates. It is 
 with a sense of pride for a Japanese to think that Japan was able to 
 pursuade this man, one of the intellectual giants of the age, to come 
 and assist in the development of her youthful intelligence. Japan has 
 advanced on her material path, and, thanks to Professor Ladd and 
 others, she has also made an intellectual advance." 
 
 These are the comments on Prof. George Trumbull Ladd, the 
 professor of philosophy and metaphysics in the Graduate School of 
 Yale University, by one of the Japanese students under his instruction. 
 His efforts for Japan have already been recognized, and his interest 
 in that country is widely known, it is scarcely needed here to enter 
 at length into the work that he has done, except to add what already 
 has been said elsewhere, in order to emphasize the prominence with 
 which he is connected with Japan. 
 
 Prof. G. T. Ladd was born January 19, 1842. His first tour to 
 Japan was in 1892. He was several times appointed a lecturer in the 
 Doshi-sha University, Kyoto, and conducted the graduate seminary in 
 the summer school of the university. In 1899 he was invited by the 
 Dai-Nippon Educational Society of Japan, and again visited that country. 
 He delivered a series of lectures in the Tokyo Imperial University. 
 He was elected an honorary member of this great educational society 
 of Japan, granted an audience with the Emperor, who conferred on 
 him the decoration of the Order of the Rising Sun, third degree. 
 
 A great number of the philosophical works of this distinguished 
 psychologist have been translated into Japanese, and they are most 
 deeply read by the progressive Japanese. 
 
 Professor Ladd is, perhaps, the most widely known of the foreign 
 instructors in the universities and colleges of Japan. Many intelligent 
 Japanese, who at present occupy the highest chairs in philosophy, 
 psychology, ethics or theology in the universities of Japan, have, either 
 in this country or in Japan, received his instruction. This Yale pro 
 fessor not only takes an interest in his Japanese students during lecture 
 hours, but has a constant care for the Japanese students generally out 
 side of their college life. His home is their Mekka, and a meeting is 
 held in his parlor every fortnight, when he talks to them on some 
 subject of philosophy, religion or other related topics. 
 
MR. FRANKLIN ALLEN, 
 
 Secretary of the Silk Association of America. 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 33 
 
 MR. FRANKLIN ALLEN. 
 
 Franklin Allen is generally considered the best informed man living 
 on matters relating- to the silk industry of the United States, which he 
 has seen grow from moderate dimensions to its present enormous impor 
 tance. He was the first secretary of the Silk Association of America, 
 serving from 18/2 to 1878, when he resigned and went to Europe, where 
 he devoted much time to the study of foreign methods. He : was 
 re-elected secretary in 1898, on the death of Briton Richardson, whoj had 
 been the association s secretary for ten years. Mr. Allen is a life member 
 of the Political and Social Science Association, and is a certified public 
 accountant of the State of New York, holding diploma No. 68, issued by 
 the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York, under 
 the law of 1896, to regulate the profession of public accountants. He is 
 an indefatigable worker, a profound student, has a genius for statistics, 
 and has been a prolific writer on matters relating to the silk industry here 
 and abroad. He was an expert special agent for the silk branch of 
 Anierican textile industries in the United States census of 1900. -He is 
 a genial gentleman; a type of those men of the highest and broadest 
 education, who, besides knowing all about one subject, can talk under- 
 standingly and interestingly on many branches of human study and effort. 
 
 PROVERB AND SHORT POEM. 
 
 Neko n i koban, gold coins to a cat (casting 
 pearls before swine). 
 
 Hito koe wa ; 
 
 - -Tsuki -ga -natta ka ? 
 Hototogisu ! 
 
 (I hear) a solitary note. Did the moon sing? 
 (Ah!) the cuckoo! 
 
MR. ALFRED J. OSTHEIMER. 
 Honorary Japanese Consul at Philadelphia. 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 35 
 
 HON. ALFRED J. OSTHEIMER. 
 
 Consul Ostheimer is a man who believes, as a great man once said, 
 in the doctrine that God made out of the men of all nations one great 
 humanity. It was not considered best to make them acquainted with one 
 another, and that has been left to us. Wide oceans, high mountains, 
 and broad rivers separate the various nations of the world, but the 
 progressive men scale the mountains and navigate the oceans and rivers ; 
 so that eventually nothing divides people but distrust, because they are 
 not acquainted with one another. 
 
 It had always been Mr. Ostheimer s desire to study the great 
 country of Japan, and he considered it one of the highest honors of his 
 life when he was appointed some years ago the first Honorary Consul of 
 Japan in the United States. 
 
 When Mr. Ostheimer was appointed consul, his selection for this 
 honorable post was thus commented on by the " Public Ledger " of 
 Philadelphia : 
 
 " As a result of the constantly increasing importance of the com 
 mercial relations between the Empire of Japan and the United States of 
 America, his Imperial Majesty, the Emperor of Japan, has just appointed 
 Alfred J. Ostheimer as his Honorary Consul at this, port, and, it is said 
 by the well informed, that this appointment is the first Honorary Consul 
 ship in the United States, thus making it of considerable importance. 
 
 " Alfred J. Ostheimer, who is exceptionally well equipped by his 
 experience and knowledge of foreign languages for the position to which 
 he has just been appointed, was born in this city in 1845, educated here 
 and in Europe, and has been largely engaged in mercantile pursuits as 
 an importer and exporter, having succeeded the old firm of Ostheimer 
 & Woodward in 1872, and now being at the head of one of the largest 
 export commission houses in this country. The firm of Ostheimer 
 Brothers import and export wares from and to all parts of the world, and 
 have their own offices in many of the large cities. Mr. A. J. Ostheimer 
 was, in the course of business, brought into frequent contact with the 
 Empire of Japan. He is one of our most prominent citizens, and is 
 identified with almost all of the enterprises which have made our city so 
 well known during the past twenty-five years. 
 
 " Business men congratulate the Imperial Government of Japan in 
 having chosen so competent a representative of their interests in this 
 
36 PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 
 
 city, as Philadelphia, in having- been selected as the first American city 
 to have an Honorary Japanese Consul, is thought to have been signally 
 honored." 
 
 Alfred J. Ostheimer was born in the city of Philadelphia in 1845, 
 was educated at the best schools, and then went abroad for a number of 
 years to make a special study of languages and political economy. The 
 firm with which he is connected was established by his father in 1835 m 
 Philadelphia, and the nature of the business was mainly the importing 
 of all kinds of goods; until 1876, when the Centennial Exposition in 
 Philadelphia brought a large number of foreigners to that city, and the 
 export trade of the United. States, which is now the largest in the world, 
 found its first incentive to its present material development, and the 
 causes of which were the great inducements offered to foreign buyers. 
 
 Mr. Ostheimer has been Consul for Austria-Hungary in Philadelphia 
 for a number of years, and in consideration of his services rendered to 
 those countries, was decorated with the Order of the Iron Crown by 
 Emperor Francis Joseph. 
 
 He has always taken an exceptional interest in the island Empire 
 of Japan ; and it was his greatest desire as a young man to be in business 
 relation with the Japanese. In the export business, which he established 
 after 1876 in Philadelphia, under the name of Ostheimer Brothers, which 
 has grown to very large proportions, as they are now considered among 
 the leading exporters of the country, he had many opportunities of doing 
 business with Japan, all of which he took advantage of, and in considera 
 tion of which he was appointed Consular Representative of Japan in 
 Philadelphia. He has since made a trip to Japan to study the people 
 and country, and is probably as much interested as any other one man 
 in the United States in the great development which has taken place 
 in the Empire of Japan during the last thirty years. He has done every 
 thing in his power to enlarge the cordial relations which have prevailed 
 between the Empire of Japan and the United States ever since the 
 beginning of their official intercourse, and the intimate association and 
 the generous rivalry of the two countries and their peoples in the paths 
 of progress and material development the one representing the new era 
 in the Far East, and the other the advancement of the Western Hemi 
 sphere, together making the greatest combination of the world. 
 
 Consul Ostheimer was also decorated while in Japan by the Emperor 
 Mutsuhito with the Order of the Rising Sun. He is now considered 
 as one of the best friends that Japan has in the United States. 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 37 
 
 MR. JOSEPH MARSHALL WADE. 
 
 It is safe to say that the majority of the Japanese in this country, 
 and many of those now in Japan who have visited the United States, 
 will recognize in the accompanying portrait the face of a friend who 
 has undoubtedly taken more interest in their welfare here than any other 
 person, except, perhaps, those \yho are direct representatives of the 
 Government of Japan. The purpose of this sketch is to put on record 
 the life of one who has done so much for the Japanese people, and to 
 give to those who have not known him personally some information 
 in rejgard to one upon whom the Emperor has recently bestowed the 
 " Fifth Order of Double Light Rising Sun." 
 
 Mr. Wade was born at New Wortley, near Leeds, England, on 
 March /, 1832. He attended the " Armley Church Day School " 
 untili about his seventeenth year, during which time, when not in school, 
 he ranged the fields and woods and waterways and obtained an extensive 
 kno\yledge of nature, knowing almost every bird, animal, tree and plant. 
 He knew neither botany nor nrniilmlogy, but nature as she is, not as 
 catalogued. \Yhen about to leave school he had learned all that it 
 was ^necessary to know, and his intuition was intense. His boyhood, 
 and even his early manhood, was marked by extreme J)ashfulness, and 
 he sought the woods, where he found more contentment with the com- 
 pani<pnship of birds and animals. In October, 1850, he was brought 
 to tlje United States by his parents. He first started with his brother 
 as a -weaver in Lawrence, and, with no teaching or apprenticeship, he 
 became at once an expert weaver. The history of his mill life is a 
 succession of advances from weaver to the leading designer of America, 
 and in 1864 he was agent of a large woolen mill, with a salary of $8,000 
 a year. 
 
 The first publication undertaken by Mr. \Yade was the " Fanciers 
 Journal. Though he had no knowledge of the publishing business, 
 lie was in love with the subject chosen, and, with a thorough knowlegde 
 of the matters upon which his journal was to treat, he made it so valuable 
 and of such general interest to the keepers of fancy poultry, pets, etc., 
 that its success was assured. His early associations with nature were 
 bound to crop out in his writings when he became a publisher, and he 
 started other papers, called the " Ornithologist and Oologist," " Familiar 
 
MR. JOSEPH MARSHALL WADE. 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 39 
 
 Science " and " Truths of Nature." As he became known as a pub 
 lisher, his services were sought by publishers of trade papers, who knew 
 of his superior and practical knowledge of manufacturing. He became 
 connected with the Boston " Journal of Commerce " as editor, and in 
 1885 he established " Fibre and Fabric," a weekly textile journal de 
 voted to the cotton, woolen and other similar industries. As editor, 
 publisher and general manager of " Fibre and Fabric," now in its 
 eighteenth year, Mr. Wade is actively engaged at his desk every day. 
 Besides the work connected with the paper, he is able to find time to 
 correspond daily with Japanese, both in this country and in Japan. 
 Professors in the technological schools and heads of the Chambers of 
 Commerce in the large Japanese cities receive from him regularly 
 papers, magazines, samples, clippings, etc., that are useful in the devel 
 opment of Japanese industries, as well as helping to promote Japanese 
 trade with America and other countries. While publishing " Fibre 
 and Fabric," Mr. \Vade has also constantly written of the deeper prin 
 ciples of natural law. In 1893-1895 two volumes of a magazine entitled 
 " Occultism " were published, in order to put on record some of his 
 deepest writings. 
 
 Mr. Wade is still a most energetic business man, positive and 
 unflinching. He has not taken a voluntary holiday since 1850. He 
 never enters a church or seeks society or a meeting of any kind ; he is 
 a hermit in a busy city he lives within himself. In his business 
 dealings he is prompt and just, and pays cash for everything when 
 purchased. He knows nothing of grammar, but writes in plain English, 
 simple and straight to the point, in as few w r ords a^> possible and without 
 any technical construction. He writes naturally, dispensing with man s 
 teachings and rules, and those who read his writings are surprised to 
 note the smoothness of his sentences. One of his friends, one who 
 knows him best, has written : " Mr. Wade s golden rule is, Work, and 
 his motto is, Non Sibi Sed Omnibus (Not for one s self, but for all). 
 This motto will tell you what Mr. Wade s daily life has- been and is 
 to-day, though financially he has no need to do business. Every day 
 finds him first at his office, and he takes no note of holidays. He has 
 to do no scheming, has no anxiety, wear and tear of body and brain 
 that ordinary business men are subject to, because he never borrows, 
 owes no man anything. He lives in harmony with the law of life; 
 his business goes on in an orderly manner, and always prospers. He 
 
40 PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 
 
 works for the benefit of his neighbor, and not to overeach, defraud or 
 depress him. lie is hale and hearty, free and happy, at seventy, while 
 the ordinary business man is broken and aged, wretched, and finds 
 life a burden and a barren waste at fifty. Mr. Wade has no joy in 
 anything- he does or has except for the benefit it may be to others, 
 but he never casts his pearls before swine. He is careful to find 
 those whom he can truly benefit, and ministers to each one in the way 
 he can be of most use to them. At his beautiful home in Dorchester 
 he has surrounded himself with treasures that symbolize his spiritual 
 progression in his nature studies an ornithological library and engrav 
 ings of birds marking one period; precipitated spirit pictures another; 
 crystals another, and Japanese ancient art objects another. Here are 
 gathered rare and beautiful treasures from that rare and beautiful 
 country Japan. There are a number of pieces .11 his collection very 
 ancient. He has a Japanese garden outside his house which contains 
 stone Japanese lanterns, an immense bronze eagle which is a wonderful 
 piece of Japanese art, about forty varieties of Japanese maples, and 
 many other shrubs and plants. To these kindly and gifted people his 
 doors are ever open ; he is Boston s, and perhaps America s, welcome to 
 Japan. He also published a magazine, Light from the Far East/ partly 
 in the interests of the Japanese. This periodical contained items of 
 interest relating to the Japanese, both :.n this country and Japan, and 
 also presented Mr. Wade s revelations of truth." 
 
 The remarkable thing about Mr. W;ulc is that up to seven years ago 
 i iS<)5> he had never seen a native of Japan or read any book describing- 
 Japan or the Japanese; but from his first meeting with them he began 
 buying Japanese maples and other plants, and finally importing them 
 each year in large quantities. He has also spent a great deal of money 
 in bnmy.es, Satsuma s carvings and other ancient bric-a-brac from Japan. 
 His method is to give away his first purchases to make room for later and 
 rarer and costlier acquisitions, so that he has now one of the finest private 
 collections in his home, and a garden that attracts many persons inter 
 ested in such things. 
 
 Mr. Wade s magazine, " Fibre and Fabric," was founded in March, 
 1885. He was formerly editor and publisher of " Familiar Science " and 
 " Fanciers Journal," and of the " Ornithologist and Oologist," and was 
 editor of the Boston " Journal of Commece " and the " Textile Manu 
 facturer in Drv Goods Bulletin." 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 41 
 
 The following verses to Mr. Wade were written by Abbie Walker 
 Gould : 
 
 JAPAN S HONORS TO JOSEPH M. WADE. 
 
 When on this earth in ages past, thou wast reborn, 
 It was not cold North land that met thine eyes ; 
 But the sunny skies of fair Japan ; 
 Mid fragrant flowers and blooming bowers, 
 Where softly passed the summer hours. 
 
 Mikado and the Mandarin sought oft from thee of mystic lore ; 
 For the Gods had lent great gifts and asked return of greater power ; 
 And as thou gave, in lettered gold, 
 Upon the Temple shield where all behold 
 Twas written thus to thee : 
 The future years in other lands shall see the triumphs of a Mystic s 
 
 victory." 
 
 And now behold, from far Japan the gift appears ; 
 It bears no hint upon its face of missing years. 
 But -as no God bestows what is not earned, 
 And; by the high Ideal in Soul that s burned ; 
 Just: where you stand, 
 The. gift you earned so long ago in that far land. 
 
MR. ISAAC STIEBEL, 
 President of the Japanese Fan Company. 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 43 
 
 MR. ISAAC STIEBEL. 
 
 Isaac Stiebel was born in Baltimore, Md., United States of America, 
 in 1844, being at the present time fifty-eight years of age. He has been 
 identified with the Japanese trade for the last twenty-eight years, under 
 the name of the Japanese Fan Company. He has always taken a great 
 interest in the Japanese, and promoted their interests wherever and 
 whenever possible. He visited Japan in 1880, and acquainted himself 
 thoroughly with the country and its people. The business of the 
 Japanese Fan Company has always been identified with that of the 
 China & Japan Trading Company, Limited, through whom all of the 
 purchases in Japan are made. 
 
 His interests at home are varied. He is connected with several 
 mercantile enterprises, and also with a bank of which he is vice-president, 
 as well as with several other financial institutions. 
 
 A FAMOUS WATERFALL. 
 
 Taki no oto wa 
 
 Taete Hisashiku 
 
 
 
 Narinuredo 
 
 Na koso nagarete 
 Nao kikoe kere. 
 
 (Dainagon Kinto.) 
 
 Though the waterfall 
 
 In its flow ceased long ago, 
 
 And its sound is stilled; 
 Yet, in name it ever flows, 
 And in fame may yet be heard. 
 
MR. CARL SCHEUER, 
 Of K. Sugawa & Co. 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 45 
 
 MR. CARL SCHEUER. 
 
 Mr. Carl Schcuer, who is a member of K. Sugawa and Company, 
 was born at Worms, Germany. After graduating from college, he came 
 to America in 1864. He went to Kansas and Missouri, where he lived 
 from 1867 till 1873, following- mercantile and mining pursuits. He 
 returned to Cincinnati in 1873, an( l represented one of the largest manu 
 facturing houses, travelling over the West and South. 
 
 In 1877 he married Miss Hattie Thurnauer in Cincinnati, Ohio, the 
 daughter of Max Thurnauer, deceased, one of the largest wholesale 
 dry goods merchants of Cincinnati, who retired in 1870 with a large 
 fortune. 
 
 Mr. Scheuer has four sons. Arnold L., Max G., James T. and Percy 
 C. Two of them are in the banking business and two in the mercantile. 
 Max G. Scheuer is now with K. Sugawa and Company. 
 
 In 1886 he moved to New York and opened a wholesale house of 
 his own, but as he did not like the business, he connected himself with 
 one of the oldest and largest English importing houses, remaining with 
 the same for ten years. By accident he met Mr. K. Sugawa, of 
 Yokohama, some four years ago, and the two became friends, and when 
 Mr. Sugawa returned from his visit to Japan in the spring of 1901, Mr 
 Scheuer joined K. Sugawa and Company August 1st, 1901, and opened 
 an office in the Silk Exchange Building, now having offices at 458 
 Broadway. The business consists of the general importing of Japanese 
 goods and the exporting of American goods which the Japanese market 
 desires. 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 
 
 MR. JAMES J. HILL. 
 
 James J. Hill was born in Guelph, Upper Canada, September 16, 
 1838. He was educated at Rockwood Academy, and entered a steam 
 boat office in St. Paul in 1856. He was made agent of the North 
 western Packet Company in 1865, and later established a general fuel 
 and transportation business on his own account. He was head of 
 Hill, Griggs & Co., in the same line of business, from 1869 to 1875 ; 
 established the Red River Transportation Company in 1875 5 organized, 
 in 1873, a syndicate that obtained control of the St. Paul & Pacific 
 Railroad from the Dutch owners of the securities, and recorganized the 
 system as the St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Railroad; was its 
 general manager 1879-82, vice-president 1882-83, and, since 1883, 
 president. In 1890 it became a part of the Great Northern system, of 
 which he has since been president. 
 
 The Great Northern Railroad line has connections with the Nippon 
 Yusen Kaishas line at Seattle. Since this line was opened there has 
 been an ever-increasing commerce between Puget Sound and the Far 
 East. 
 
 PROVERB AND SHORT POEM. 
 
 Hana wa sakura ni, hito wa bushi. The cherry 
 is the king of flowers and the warrior is the king 
 of men. 
 
 Asagao ni 
 
 Tsurube lorarete; 
 Morai midzu ! 
 
 " My well bucket has been seized by the morn 
 ing glories ; give me water ! " This exquisite 
 gem is a famous hokka, by the great poetess 
 Chiyo. The hokku, or haikai, is the shortest 
 and most compressed form of poem in all litera 
 ture, and is peculiarly Japanese. 
 
MR. JAMES J. HILL, 
 President of the Great Northern Railroad Company. 
 
MR. SILAS D. WEBB., 
 President of {lie American Asiatic Association. 
 
MR. JOHN FOORD, 
 Secretary of the American Asiatic Association. 
 
50 PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 
 
 THE AMERICAN ASIATIC ASSOCIATION. 
 
 The American Asiatic Association was formally organized at a 
 meeting held in New York on June 9, 1898, and its declared purpose 
 was, among other things, " To foster and safeguard the trade and 
 commercial interests of the citizens of the United States, and others 
 associated therewith, in the Empires of China, Japan and Korea, and 
 in the Philippine Islands, and elsewhere in Asia or Oceanica." The 
 association had its origin in a conference of merchants and others 
 interested in the maintenance of the commercial rights and privileges 
 .possessed by the United States in China, held on January 6, 1898. This 
 conference was prompted by a desire to bring to the attention of the 
 Department of State at Washington the probable effect on these rights 
 and privileges of the movements of certain European powers which 
 had recently occurred within the territory of the Chinese Empire. The 
 first representation on the subject was made through the medium of 
 the Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York, and was duly 
 acknowledged by the then Secretary of State, Mr. John Sherman, who 
 assured the Chamber that the matter was receiving the most careful 
 attention. The Chambers of Commerce of Philadelphia, Boston, Cleve 
 land and San Francisco were also communicated with, and those of 
 Philadelphia, Boston and San Francisco took action by sending similar 
 communications to the President. 
 
 Since its organization the association has addressed itself, in a 
 variety of ways, to the education of public sentiment in the United 
 States in regard to the magnitude of the industrial and commercial 
 interests involved in the maintenance of existing treaties with China. 
 By bringing about the formation of the American Association of China 
 and the American Asiatic Association of Japan it has greatly expanded 
 the representations and organization of American interests in the Far 
 East. Its steadfast purpose has been to secure equality of commercial 
 opportunity for all in the great markets of eastern Asia, and in its 
 championship of the policy of the " open door " it has kept constantly 
 in view the value and necessity of a common understanding between 
 England, Japan and the United States. In persistently urging the 
 American Government to oppose any movement or policy tending to 
 impair the commercial integrity of China, and in repeatedly protesting 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. SF 
 
 against the acknowledgment of any exclusive right or interest on 
 the part of Russia in Manchuria, it has been always in line with the 
 policy and interest of Japan. The diplomatic representatives of Japan 
 have been among the honored guests of the annual banquets of the 
 association, and some of its most prominent members took the oppor 
 tunity last June to entertain at luncheon the distinguished Japanese 
 financier, Baron Shibusawa. On that occasion the toastmaster expressed 
 the sentiments of the association by assuring the Baron that, in the 
 advance of Japan along the path of progress, he might always count 
 on the friendly co-operation of the United States. The speaker went 
 on to say : " Our association has hailed the conclusion of the Anglo- 
 Japanese treaty as an effective guarantee, no less of the maintenance of 
 the open door for commerce in the Far East than of the independence 
 of Japan. The preservation of that independence we regard as indispen 
 sable to the peaceful development of the great communities of Eastern 
 Asia, and anything that assails it is as hostile to the interests of our 
 country as of yours. Though not formally a party to the agreement 
 between Great Britain and Japan, the policy of which that is the expres 
 sion is also the policy of the United States, and the purposes which it 
 is intended to subserve are also our purposes." 
 
 The first president of the association was the late Mr. Everett 
 Frazar, of Frazar & Co., a firm well known in Japan. Its present 
 president is Mr. Silas D. Webb, the head of the China & Japan Trading 
 Company, a corporation with branches in Yokohama, Kobe, Osaca 
 and Nagasaki. Mr. Webb is qualified by a long residence in China 
 to be a very competent judge of the relations which ought to subsist 
 between that Empire and the United States, and the very large trade 
 done by his company with China and Japan renders him an exceptionally 
 capable exponent of American interests in the Far East. 
 
 The secretary of the association is Mr. John Foord, formerly editor 
 of the New York " Times," and at present a member of the editorial 
 staff of the "Journal of Commerce" and "Commercial Bulletin." Mr. 
 Foord is also the editor and publisher of the monthly journal of the 
 association, which serves as a medium of communication between the 
 community engaged in Eastern trade here and that hav iig American 
 connections in Eastern Asia. 
 
The American Asiatic Association. 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 President. SI LAST). WEBB, New York. 
 VICE-PRESIDENTS: 
 
 Lowell Lincoln, New Yo; k. 
 
 John H. Converse, Philadelphia, Pa. John B. Cleveland, Spartanburg, S. C. 
 Everett N. Bee, San Francisco, Cal. E. C. Potter, Chicago, 111. 
 
 S. G. Hopkins, Washington, D. C. Ellison A. Smythe, Pelzer, S. C. 
 
 Treasurer, Joseph R. Patterson, New York. 
 Secretary, John Foord, P. O. Box 1500, New York. 
 
 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: 
 
 1903 1904 
 
 Francis B. Thurbsr, New York. Clarence Gary, New York. 
 
 Thomas A. Phelan, New York. Albert Cordes, New York. 
 
 William H. Stevens, New York. Chas. S. Gawthrop, Wilmington, Del. 
 
 Samuel Hill, Minneapolis, Minn. James J. Hooker, Cincinnati, O. 
 
 William T. West, New York. 
 Stephen W. Baldwin, New York. 
 D. A. Tompkins. Charlotte, N. C. 
 A. T. Leftwich, Baltimore. M.I. 
 
 The American Asiatic Association oi Japan 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 N. E. Smith. President. 
 T. C. Howard. Vice-President. 
 G. H. Scidmore, Secretary. 
 W. L. Merriman, Treasurer. 
 
 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: 
 
 T. W. Copmann. E. S. Booth. 
 
 G. W. Bramhall. F. H. Ziegfi-ld. 
 
 .. H. Jewett. D. II. Blake. 
 E. \V. Erizar. 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 53 
 
 MR. BASIL H. BETTS. 
 
 That the oldest life insurance company in America should appoint 
 a special representative to Japan was peculiarly appropriate. The first 
 feeling of friendship between the United States and Japan began with 
 the visit to Japan of Commodore Perry of the American Navy. It has 
 been abundantly proved ever since that memorable voyage that its results 
 are appreciated, by the increasing friendship and ever-widening commer 
 cial relations of the two countries. 
 
 It was in 1853 tnat tne guns of Commodore Perry s squadron thun 
 dered their salute to the Japanese Empire. Just ten years earlier the 
 Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, the pioneer of such 
 organizations in the United States and the largest in the world, was 
 founded. To-day, although the two events are in no way correlated, the 
 fact that the latter is establishing a permanent representation in the 
 former is of interest, if only as a further evidence of the closer union into 
 which the two nations are being steadily drawn. 
 
 The man whom the Mutual Life has appointed to represent it in the 
 Far East Basil H. Betts is well qualified for his mission. He has 
 travelled extensively in Japan and China, and possesses the personal 
 acquaintance of many prominent Japanese. He is comparatively a young 
 man, being still under forty, and the reputation which he has acquired 
 for business acumen, integrity and intelligence assures him success in 
 his new field. 
 
 It is not necessary that a history should be given here of the company 
 which Mr. Betts goes to represent, but a few facts will be interesting as 
 showing the importance of the position which he has been selected to fill. 
 The Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York is not only the. oldest 
 life .insurance company .in the United States ; it is the largest in the world. 
 Its funds amount to more than $380,000,000 the largest accumulation 
 of trust funds in the world. It has three times the combined capital of 
 the Banks of England, France, and Germany, and its assets exceed the 
 total national bank circulation of the United States by many millions. 
 The assets of the company are also more than two and a half times the 
 value of all the gold and silver coined in the United States in 1901, a year 
 of abnormally large coinage on account of the great output of gold from 
 
MR. BASIL H. BETTS, 
 
 General Manager for the East for the Mutual Life Insurance Company, 
 
 of New York. 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 55 
 
 Alaska. During the sixty years of its existence the company has paid 
 to its policy holders over $590,000,000, which is larger than the amount 
 paid by any other company in existence. Its present annual income 
 exceeds $70,000,000, and the total amount of its insurance in force 
 exceeds $1,300,000,000, and is increasing at a rate of over $100,000,000 
 annually. 
 
 Figures, though proverbially truthful, are as proverbially dull, yet 
 in no other way is it possible to describe financial operations. To say, for 
 instance, that the largest life insurance policy ever paid was paid during 
 the present year, would be quite without interest were the figures of 
 the amount omitted. When it is added that the policy was for a million 
 dollars, substance is given to the bald statement, and both substance and 
 color are found in the further fact that the policy was taken out in the 
 company which Mr. Betts will represent in Japan. 
 
 The story of this policy is also not without its own incidental interest. 
 Mr. Frank Hutchinson Peavey, a well known grain merchant of Minne 
 apolis, Minn., determined to take out $1,000,000 of insurance on his 
 life. Before deciding with what company to place the policy he engaged 
 an agent to make a thorough investigation of the conditions, advantages, 
 and policies of all the principal companies doing business in the country. 
 He selected the Mutual Life, and in a communication announcing the 
 fact, said : "You will be glad to know that my decision was made after 
 a thorough investigation of six months by competent authorities." "My 
 object" (he said further) "is to lend strength and to give courage to my 
 young partners, who are my sons, in case of my accidental death." 
 
 Within two years from the issue of the policy Mr. Peavey died of 
 pneumonia, and the claim was paid by the Mutual Life Insurance Com 
 pany with a check for a million dollars. So large are the resources of 
 this company that this risk was written at no more proportionate risk 
 than a policy for $1,000. It may be mentioned incidentally in this 
 connection that the only other million-dollar policy ever issued was by 
 the same company to Mr. George W. Vanderbilt. 
 
 The largest premium ever paid on a life policy was also paid during 
 the present year, and as in the case of the largest policy, the Mutual Life 
 Insurance Company of New York was the company with which the 
 transaction took place. Mr. Eben Smith, of Denver, Col., sent his check 
 in August last to the agent of the company for $349,621.78, in payment 
 of the premium on holdings of about $600,000. In a letter accompanying 
 
5 6 PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 
 
 the check Mr. Smith wrote : "This, I understand, is the largest premium 
 ever paid in the world on one policy." 
 
 There was a third event or perhaps "incident" would better describe 
 the last of the three which has made the present year a more than 
 usually interesting one from the point of view of life insurance. This 
 other incident was the tribute paid to the company of which Mr. Betts 
 will be the Japanese representative, by one of the most successful bankers 
 of New York, a man who was for more than thirty years the president 
 of one of the national banks of the city, and twice president of the New 
 York Clearing House Association. In his will this banker, in limiting 
 his executors, restricted them in investing his estate, left in trust for 
 his wife and children, to such securities as were on the list of the Mutual 
 Life Insurance Company s investments. Considering that the banker 
 had no connection with the Mutual Life Insurance Company, no higher 
 compliment to the latter s business methods and soundness could have 
 been paid than this. 
 
 Enough has already been said to show the importance of the post to 
 which Mr. Betts has been appointed, and the responsibilities which will 
 be his to discharge in his new field. Mr. Betts has for his assistant Mr. 
 N. Amenomori, and the main office for Japan is at No. 14, Bund, Yoko 
 hama. It is suggested that those who may take an interest in this brief 
 outline of the company should write to the above address and secure 
 a copy of the prospectus of the company, which has been recently printed 
 in the Japanese language. 
 
 Yufudachi ya 
 
 Ta wo mi-meguri no 
 Kami naraba. 
 
 If the summer shower 
 
 Would but round the rice fields go 
 
 As it were a gocl ! 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 57 
 
 MR. JOHN T. HAMILTON AND THE EQUITABLE 
 
 LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY OF THE 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States was 
 organized on the 26th of July, 1859, and the results of its management 
 during the forty-two years of its history are matters of public record. 
 
 Its business is conducted on the "mutual plan." under which the 
 profits are accumulated for the protection and benefit of the policyholders 
 exclusively ; and the dividends declared from these profits are paid to 
 policyholders and to policyholders only. But the Equitable is a mutual 
 company in a still broader sense, for by its reforms (and by successful 
 measures taken by it to increase the value and efficiency of life assurance) 
 it has not only advanced the interests of its own policyholders, but has 
 made possible the present popularity of life assurance in general. 
 
 That these methods have been appreciated is shown by the fact that 
 during the forty-two years of its history the Equitable has achieved 
 greater results than any other company during a similar period. 
 
 Brief History of the Society s Growth. 
 
 The foundations of the Equitable Society were firmly and broadly 
 laid : at the same time its beginning was characterized by judicious mod 
 eration and strict economy. The Society s first office was a single room. 
 Henry Baldwin Hyde, the founder of the Society, was in the beginning 
 its sole business manager, and George W. Phillips, the first Actuary, kept 
 the books and attended to all correspondence. At the close of the year 
 1859, the Society had assurance in force of $1,144,000, and assets of $117,- 
 102.39. 
 
 The strength of the organization and the character of its management 
 were tested at an early date. The Civil War broke out when the Society 
 was less than two years old, and in 1866 the Asiatic cholera made its 
 appearance in the United States, and spread as far west as Missouri. 
 
 But the advance of the Society was not checked, and in 1867 the 
 increase in the Society s business prompted the directors to invest in land 
 upon which to erect a building, and in 1870 the business of the Society 
 was transferred to its own building at No. 120 Broadway. 
 
MR. JOHN T. HAMILTON, 
 
 General Manager for the East for the Equitable Life Assurance Society 
 of the United States. 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 59 
 
 Two years prior to this the Society had devised a new form of policy 
 under which only those who keep their policies in force for a stated period 
 participate in profits. It was agreed that those who died before the 
 arrival of the dividend period should receive the full amount of the 
 assurance, but without profits ; while those who lived and continued their 
 policies should receive not only their full share of profits, but could also, 
 if desired, withdraw the full cash reserve on their policies. This reform 
 so stimulated business that at the end of the year 1870 (the year in which 
 the Society moved into its new building) its assurance in force amounted 
 to $143,970,984, and its surplus to $408,434. 
 
 In 1873 the Society was subjected to another test, for one of the 
 severest panics ever experienced in the United States was then encoun 
 tered. In reference to this, the President, in his report to the directors, 
 said : 
 
 " The recent convulsion, while not without its temporary embarrass 
 ments, has served to demonstrate the security of a properly managed life 
 assurance society as a depository for savings, both for the rich and for the 
 poor. . . . The directors of the Equitable may justly feel satisfaction 
 that in the midst of one of the most trying emergencies which has ever 
 threatened the stability of American commerce and industry, our Society 
 stands as a mighty rock in the midst of an angry sea, the bulwark and 
 support of those who cling to it. 
 
 " But," he added, " this business cannot be conducted without the 
 exercise of the greatest skill and caution." To which the Hon. O. W. 
 Chapman, then Superintendent of the New York State Insurance Depart 
 ment, added : 
 
 " No matter how the subject be broached, that word management 
 is the keystone to the arch." 
 
 Hence it is that in this brief review attention is directed especially to 
 the crucial tests to which the Equitable Society has been subjected from 
 time to time. 
 
 The panic of 1873 an d the succeeding five years of commercial 
 depression were successfully weathered, and the Society s business con 
 tinued to increase. 
 
 In 1889 the President, commenting on the Society s Thirtieth Anni 
 versary, said : 
 
 " Thirty years ago we had upwards of six hundred thousand dollars 
 of assurance in force; to-day we have upwards of six hundred millions. 
 
60 PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 
 
 " Thirty years ago we had upwards of one hundred thousand dollars 
 of assets ; to-day we hold upwards of one hundred millions. 
 
 Then we had little or no surplus ; now we have between twenty and 
 twenty-five millions. 
 
 The Equitable has succeeded because : under a united and contin 
 uous management, it has sought to give its policyholders the best assur 
 ance possible. It has consequently sought : 
 
 " (i) To give the utmost security. 
 
 " (2) To offer the largest benefits. 
 
 " (3) To sweep aside every cumbersome restriction. 
 
 " It is therefore known as the originator of every important improve 
 ment in the business, and is preeminently noted for devising the only 
 system erf assurance under which a full share of surplus is given to 
 surviving policyholders. 
 
 The Society passed through the next panic, that of 1893, with the 
 same success that characterized its management during the former 
 periods of financial disturbance, and made such great progress that on 
 the 26th of July, 1899, the following announcement was made : 
 
 An Unparalleled Record. 
 
 On its Fortieth Anniversary, July 26th, 1899, the Equitable Life 
 Assurance Society of the United States has on its books outstanding 
 assurance for over a billion dollars, which is twice the amount accumu 
 lated by any other company in the world during a similar period of its 
 history. Its assets amount to over $270,000,000, which is more than 
 twice the amount held by any other company in the world on its fortieth 
 anniversary. Its surplus amounts to over $60,000,000, which is also more 
 than twice the amount held by any other company at the end of its fortieth 
 year. 
 
 In the short period that has since intervened, the Society has made 
 still greater progress, and largely increased the above items, as shown by 
 .he following table: 
 
PROMINENT AMERICANS INTERESTED IN JAPAN. 61 
 
 The Society s Growth Since Its Fortieth Anniversary in J899, Showing 
 the Position Attained December 3f, J902. 
 
 Outstanding Assurance $1,290,000,000 
 
 Increase 290,000,000 
 
 Assets 360,000,000 
 
 Increase 90,000,000 
 
 Surplus 75,000,000 
 
 Increase 15,000,000 
 
 The officers and directors of the Equitable are men of the highest 
 status in their own business and in affairs generally in the United States, 
 and are as follows : 
 
 President, James \V. Alexander; vice-president, James H. Hyde; second 
 vice-president, Gage E. Tarbell; third vice-president, George T. Wilson; fourth 
 vice-president, William H. Mclntyrc; registrar, James B. Loring; comptroller, 
 Thomas D. Jordan; treasurer, Sidney D. Ripley; actuary, Joel G. Van Cise; 
 secretary, William Alexander; auditor, . W. Jackson; associate auditor, A. W. 
 Maine; assistant auditor, H. R. Coursen; medical director, Edward W. Lambert, 
 M. D.; medical director, Edward Curtis. M. D. Board of directors: James W. 
 Alexander, Louis Fitzgerald, Chauncey M. Dcpew, William A. Wheelock. Cor 
 nelius N. Bliss, George H. Squire, Thomas D. Jordan, Charles S. Smith. V. P. 
 Snyder. Edward W. Lambert. William Alexander. John J. McCook, C. Ledyard 
 Blair, Brayton Ives, Melville E. Ingalls, Joseph T. Low. James H. Hyde, John 
 A. Stewart. Jacob H. Schiff. A. J. Cassat James J. Hill, T. Jefferson Coolidge, 
 John Jacob Astor. Sir William C. Van Home, Gage E. Tarbell, Marvin Hughitt, 
 
 C. B. Alexander. T. De Witt Cuyler. Henry C. Frick, M. Hartley Dodge, Sidney 
 
 D. Ripley. J. F. de Navarro. E. H. Harriman. Alfred G. Vanderbilt, Levi P. 
 Morton, August Belmont, William A. Tower, D. O. Mills. Robert T. Lincoln, 
 George J. Gould. John Sloane. William H. Mclntyrc, J hernias T. Eckert, H. M. 
 Alexander, Samuel M. Inman, George T. Wilson. H. C. Haarstick, David H. 
 Moffat, William H. Baldwin. Jr.. B radish Johnson, H. C. Demiug and James B. 
 Forgan. 
 
 The Equitable has been doing business in Japan with marked success 
 for several years. Its General Manager for the East is Mr. John T. 
 Hamilton, No. 10, The Bund, Yokohama. 
 
PROMINENT JAPANESE 
 
 :IN= 
 
 AMERICA 
 
HON. KOGORO TAKAHIRA. 
 Japanese Minister at Washington. 
 
PROMINENT JAPANESE IN AMERICA. 65 
 
 THE HONORABLE KOGORO TAKAHIRA, JAPA 
 NESE MINISTER AT WASHINGTON. 
 
 The Japanese Minister at Washington, the Honorable Kogoro 
 Takahira, is a fine example of a diplomat and gentleman of the Far 
 East. He has been in the Imperial diplomatic service since 1876, and 
 has had a most successful and distinguished career. In his twenty- 
 seven years of service he has held posts of high honor in China, Korea, 
 Holland, Italy, Austria and the United States. His experience embraces 
 all of the varied changes in Japanese history in recent times. He is 
 old enough to have known and to have felt keenly and deeply the 
 ancient feudal life of Samurai and Shogun ; was a youth when Japan 
 abandoned the old order and set her face toward a new sun rise, and 
 he has grown and developed with his new national life. 
 
 Every prominent man of the East, at least of China and Japan, 
 must needs be a man of intelligence and education. In no country 
 of Europe or the Americas can the public men compare in intellectuality 
 and culture with the leading men in China and Japan. Not even in 
 the Greece of Pericles did the public men possess the culture and 
 training of the political leaders of these two countries of the Ear East. 
 Of these men Minister Takahira is at once a type and a brilliant 
 example. He is learned in Chinese philosophy and language, the 
 most difficult field of all scholarship. He speaks and writes fluently in 
 several European languages, and he is a thorough scholar in the vast 
 and intricate literature of his own country. 
 
 He has risen rapidly in the diplomatic service. After completing 
 his education in Tokyo, he entered the foreign service in 1876. In 1879 
 he was appointed attache to the Japanese Legation in Washington, 
 and became secretary of that legation in 1881. He became Secretary 
 of the Foreign Office in 1883. He was made Charge d Affaires in 
 Korea in 1885; Acting Consul-General at Shanghai in 1887; chief o 
 political bureau of the Foreign Office in 1890; Consul-General at Ne\\ 
 York in 1891; Minister Resident to Holland in 1892; Envoy Extraor 
 dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Italy in 1894; Envoy Extraor 
 dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Austria in 1896; Vice-Minister 
 
66 PROMINENT JAPANESE IN AMERICA. 
 
 for Foreign Affairs in 1899, an( ^ ls now Envoy Extraordinary and 
 Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States, to which post he was 
 appointed in 1900. 
 
 In an address in the city of New York in 1901 Mr. Takahira said, 
 referring frankly to the object of Japanese diplomacy : 
 
 " We want the power that flows from a great trade and a great 
 prosperity at home. The efforts now making by Japan to increase 
 the commerce between herself and the United States and the rest of the 
 world are, in themselves, a guarantee of long peace. The two countries 
 are seeking the same object, but each can obtain it best and quickest 
 through the peaceful competition of trade, which will bring about closer 
 relations of friendship and commercial interests between the two peoples." 
 
 As to possible rivalry between the United States and Japan, he 
 said: 
 
 " Each country offers to the other an extensive field for trade 
 development. We have much that we. can sell to America; you have 
 much that we want to buy. It is for these reasons that we have been 
 able to watch without feeling or envy or jealousy the marvelous growth 
 of your country. We have felt, also, that Japan is a young nation, 
 that the transformation accomplished within the last few years has 
 given us a new birth among the peoples of the world. We start fairly 
 with the United States, then, in this friendly rivalry for the trade of 
 the Pacific. 
 
 " My idea for Japan, as to the position she should take in regard 
 to her affairs, is to do with the whole heart all that he is able to do, 
 if she thinks it just and proper, and to leave the result to the judgment 
 or criticism of others, thus deriving the means of further improvement 
 from such judgment or criticism. It is not my intention to say anything 
 about Japan in the way of self-assertion ; but, in regard to our endeavors 
 for progress in modern civilization, I must say that we have been always 
 earnest, honest and sincere, and there has not been a bit of humbug 
 in the search and adoption of any thing, either administrative, educa 
 tional, financial or judicial, that can be found effective to improve 
 morally and materially the condition of the country after the American 
 or European model." 
 
 His views on this subject were afterward expressed much more 
 freely in an article which was published in " Japan and America." From 
 that article the following quotations are made : 
 
 " Japan feels very near to the United Slates. This feeling of 
 
PROMINENT JAPANESE IN AMERICA. 67 
 
 friendliness began with the visit of Commodore Perry to our shores, 
 which let in a great flood of new light from the West, and it has 
 increased as American ingenuity has shortened the distance, measured 
 in hours of travel, between the two countries. It has .also been very 
 greatly increased and deepened, I am sure, by the association of the 
 armies of the Empire and of the Republic in the movement to safeguard 
 the highest interests of civilization in the East. This association re 
 vealed, in a striking way, the fact that the United States is now an 
 Eastern power, and that the interests of America are very closely related 
 to those of Japan. It was the beginning, I believe, of a new impulse in 
 the development of a far greater trade in the Pacific and of warmer 
 feelings of friendship. 
 
 " Japan especially welcomes this prospect. I do not believe that 
 any country has shown a more earnest desire for the improvement of 
 commercial relations with other countries than has Japan. While we 
 have shown this desire with respect to all countries alike, we have been 
 particularly anxious to better our relations with the United States. 
 I shall give some specific reasons for this further on, but shall say 
 here that Japan feels more and more convinced that, for trade, she 
 must eventually look to the shores of the Pacific, and that the greatest 
 of waters must be dominated in the near future by the merchant vessels 
 of the Empire and of the United States. 
 
 "We have witnessed, without envy or jealousy, the swift growth 
 of our young rival across the Pacific. We felt that it was to be for 
 all time a rivalry of friends, an amicable and good-natured competition 
 for trade. There is room enough for both countries to exploit them 
 selves. There is trade enough for both ; and, while there must in 
 evitably be sharp competition in certain fields of commerce, the presence 
 and labors of each will aid the other. If America develops the Phil 
 ippines and Hawaii, Japan will be benefited to a large extent. If 
 Japan, on the other hand, more extensively opens up Formosa and 
 other parts of the Empire to trade, the United States must reap their 
 share of the harvest. Both, it is clear, must benefit by the development 
 of China, for which both are now striving. 
 
 The Japanese are greatly in tavor of American products and ideas. 
 We want the latest mechanical devices, the most advanced theories and 
 principles of industry and manufacture, and we feel that we can get 
 them from America. This was not true a few years ago, when the 
 
68 PROMINENT JAPANESE IN AMERICA. 
 
 United States were not so far advanced as they are to-day, and Japan 
 looked mainly to Europe for Western ideas and Western trade. We 
 have now begun to look across the Pacific. 
 
 The United States has recently taken important steps toward the 
 development of commerce in the Pacific. I refer principally to the 
 acquisition of Hawaii and the Philippines. The conduct of the Ameri 
 cans in China, and the general attitude of the American Government 
 and people will also, no doubt, have fruitful results when the Chinese 
 Empire is finally opened to the commerce and trade of the world. But 
 the result in the Philippines and in Hawaii will, of course, be seen 
 sooner and will be felt more directly. Prior to the occupation of the 
 Philippines by the United States there was little or no trade with the 
 islands and Japan. Either insurrection was in progress or threatened, 
 and no efficient effort could be made to develop trade, even in times 
 of peace. The Americans are changing all that. They are restoring 
 order, and trade is springing up. The Philippine archipelago will some 
 day be very important in a commercial sense. Its agricultural, mineral 
 and timber resources are excellent, and only need encouragement and 
 continued peace and good order to be profitably exploited. 
 
 The commercial interests of the Empire and the Republic pre 
 so closely related that, if properly iostered, they will insure a fuller and 
 more friendly intercourse between the two countries." 
 
 FILIAL LOVE. 
 
 Kimi ga tame 
 
 Haru no no ni idete 
 Wakana tsumu 
 
 Waga Koromode ni 
 Yuki wa furi-tsu tsu. 
 (Koko Tenno.) 
 
 It is for thy sake 
 That I seek the fields in spring 
 
 Gathering green herbs, 
 
 While my garment s hanging sleeves 
 Are with falling snow beflecked. 
 
PROMINENT JAPANESE IN AMERICA. 69 
 
 DR. JOKICHI TAKAMINE. 
 
 Dr. Jokichi Takamine was born in November 5th of Kayei (1852), 
 at Kanazawa, Kaga Province, Japan. At the age of 12 he was selected, 
 and sent to Nagasaki to study there, by order of the provincial authority 
 under the feudal government. He afterward entered the Osaka Medical 
 School. In 8th of Meiji (1875), he began to study applied chemistry in 
 the engineering department of the Tokyo University, graduating from 
 the institution three years after. In the following year he was ordered 
 by the government to study in England. In the spring of I4th, Meiji 
 (1881), he returned to Japan via America, attached as an engineer to the 
 Agricultural and Commercial Department, and engaged in special inves 
 tigations in chemical technichology, especially in sake brewing and 
 indigo manufacturing. 
 
 In 1884 he was appointed as Japanese representative in the New 
 Orleans World s Fair, dispatched to America, and made an especial study 
 of artificial fertilizing. He returned with a view to advance his own 
 country s agricultural enterprise, and carried with him the necessary 
 materials for the purpose. The artificial fertilizer he had brought home 
 was distributed among the farming districts by the Agricultural and 
 Commercial Department, and tested with a successful result. The 
 prospect of manufacturing this important ingredient for farming purposes 
 was at once seen ; he resigned the governmental position and entered with 
 Yeiji Shibusawa (now a baron) and Takashi Masuda into a movement 
 for establishing a manufactory. 
 
 The Tokyo Artificial Fertilizer Company resulted. Dr. Takamine 
 again went abroad in 1885 to purchase machinery for the company, and, 
 incidentally, studied the brewing methods of Europe and America. The 
 idea of introducing the Japanese brewing method into theirs occurred 
 to him, and, with this in view, he obtained patents for the sake brewing 
 from the governments of Europe and America. He returned to Japan 
 and devoted himself to the artificial fertilizer work. 
 
 In 1890 Dr. Takamine, on request of his American friends to come 
 and conduct experiments on the brewing in their country, came to 
 America. His experiments proved successful. Whereupon, he made 
 further investigations, which resulted in the discovery of the process of 
 
DR. JOKICHI TAKAMINE. 
 
PROMINENT JAPANESE IN AMERICA. 71 
 
 obtaining ferment, the indispensable element in brewing, from the wheat 
 bran waste. Heretofore malt was chiefly used for ferment in Europe 
 and America, and Koji in Japan. But this newly discovered ferment 
 has more strength than either of them. It was desirable to produce this 
 new ferment in a large quantity and to distribute it. The Takamine 
 Ferment Company was established, to which he was elected president. 
 
 The Takamine Ferment Company entered into a contract with the 
 Whisky Trust, and after a series of experiments with the new ferment, 
 finally succeeded in producing a large quantity of liquor daily. Where 
 upon, the malt manufacturers of the country began to fear because of 
 the prospect of the new discovery, which may at the end render the old 
 ferment useless. They bitterly criticized Dr. Takamine, and tried 
 indirectly to prevent his further success. But the patience and earnest 
 ness of this Japanese scientist pressed him forward in spite of the 
 difficulty. Misfortune was, however, waiting him ; the Ferment Com 
 pany was completely destroyed by fire, and, to add to the misfortunes, 
 the malt manufacturers, who were strongly prejudiced against him, took 
 the opportunity to spread the report that he had himself fired the factory 
 building for the purpose of hiding the traces of his unsuccessful attempts 
 at brewing. 
 
 % Despite of such difficulties the Ferment Company was soon started 
 again, and its work was slowly progressing, when a new trouble arose, 
 which resulted in the permanent dissolution of the company. The trouble 
 came this time from the Whisky Trust Company, in which disagreements 
 as to the control of the brewing work began to appear. Dr. Takamine 
 was obliged to sever his connection with the Trust Company. But he 
 was still bound to it by the terms of the contract previously entered into, 
 and could not undertake an independent work. He finally instituted a 
 suit against the " trust," and recovered his right to the discovery. But 
 owing to the predominating influence of the Trust Company, he could 
 not persuade enough to assist him in instituting a new company. He 
 abandoned the ferment work. 
 
 Dr. Takamine had never known despair ; for there is always open a 
 new field in the mind of a profound student of nature, such as he is, for 
 investigations. He continued his studies in analytical chemistry, and 
 was rewarded by the discovery in which he succeeded in isolating what is 
 now called " Taka-Diastase," from certain ingredients in germinating 
 grain. 
 
72 PROMINENT JAPANESE IN AMERICA. 
 
 The Taka-Diastase is now extensively used for amylaceous dys 
 pepsia, and is obtained principally from koji, the Japanese ferment. It 
 became an indispensable article of the medical men of the world, and is 
 patented in many countries. 
 
 Another discovery, and perhaps one of the most important of modern 
 times, is the isolation of the active principle of the suprarenal gland 
 known as adrenalin. This discovery had long been sought for by the 
 scientists of Europe and America, but without result. The announce 
 ment of the discovery in 1901 by the Japanese chemist was therefore very 
 warmly received by the scientific world. This new drug has a marvel 
 lous power on the blood vessels, increasing their blood pressure, and is 
 an indispensable agency in performing surgery operations. It is also 
 a most expensive drug. It is described by the discoverer himself as: 
 
 " Adrenalin is a light, white, micro-crystalline body, showing itself 
 in five or more different forms. It has a slightly bitter taste, and is spar 
 ingly soluble in water, but perfectly stable in the dry form. Adrenalin 
 possesses a slightly alkaline reaction, and combines with various acids 
 to form corresponding salts. The solution of adrenalin gives a beautiful 
 green coloration with ferric chloride, and a red coloration with iodine. 
 It is a powerful reducing agent, and may be employed in that capacity 
 in various arts and manufactures, such as a developer of photographic 
 plates. It causes no precipitation with an ordinary alkaloidal reagent, 
 showing that it is not an alkaloid in the common sense of the term. 
 Its ultimate analysis gives the empirical formula as CioHi5NO3. While 
 a good many able chemists spent years and years in an investigation to 
 find out the process of isolating the active principle, yet when you once 
 discover how to do it, like a good many other instances, the process of 
 making it is very, very simple. 
 
 " The suprarenal gland of sheep or oxen is disintegrated and extracted 
 with water. Such extract is treated with alcohol to throw down the 
 non-active constituents, both organic and inorganic, and the filtrate is 
 then evaporated in a vacuum to proper consistency and treated with 
 alkaline substances, which process throws down the active principle in 
 a crystalline form, which is afterwards purified by repeating a similar 
 method. 
 
 " The physiological activity of adrenalin is something astounding. 
 A fraction of one drop of solution of adrenalin, or its salt, in the strengths 
 of 1-50,000, blanches the normal conjunctiva within one minute. It is 
 
PROMINENT JAPANESE IN AMERICA. 73 
 
 the strongest haemostatic agent known. The intravenous injection 
 produces powerful action upon the muscular system in general, but espe 
 cially upon the muscular walls of the blood vessels and heart, resulting 
 in an enormous rise of blood pressure. The results of various other 
 experiments demonstrate a similar conclusion. Generally speaking, 
 adrenalin when locally applied is the most powerful astringent and haem 
 ostatic known ; also a very strong stimulant of the heart. It is non- 
 irritating, non-poisonous, and non-cumulative as far as it has been 
 observed. It is indicated in a condition produced by morphine and 
 opium poisoning. It has produced good results in circulatory failure, 
 in the prevention of collapse of anaesthesia and allied conditions. It is 
 invaluable in carrying out bloodless operations in nose, ear, eye, and 
 throat work." 
 
 This achievement in modern medical science by Dr. Takamine is 
 only paralleled by the discovery of a remedy for diphtheria by Dr. 
 Kitazato. 
 
 Dr. Takamine, for the purpose of conducting further investigations, 
 has established a chemical laboratory in New York City, where he is 
 conducting experiments with his two assistants. It may be said that 
 he has always succeeded in every attempt in scientific research. The 
 Artificial Fertilizer Company in Tokyo is now in a very prosperous con 
 dition, having raised its capital to more than 1,000,000 yen. The agri 
 cultural interests of Japan have thus been greatly promoted by him. The 
 Ferment Company which he once had in this country is now being 
 established in his own country. The Japanese Government has already 
 gotten the approval of the Diet for the purpose. 
 
 Dr. Takamine is married to Caroline, a daughter of Col. E. V. Hitch, 
 who was a Southern officer in the Civil War, and has two sons, the elder, 
 Jokich, and the younger, Eben ; the elder sister of his wife is married 
 to Mr. Atkinson, the Commissioner of the St. Louis World s Fair ; her 
 younger sister to the son of the late Henry George, the famous expounder 
 of the single tax theory and a candidate for Mayor of New York, and her 
 younger sister is living at present with Dr. Takamine. 
 
MR. GOJURO NAGASAKI, 
 Agent for the Yokohama Specie Bank at New York. 
 
PROMINENT JAPANESE IN AMERICA. 75 
 
 MR. GOJURO NAGASAKI. 
 
 The Yokohama Specie Bank is the only organ of the Japanese 
 foreign traders at present in existence, for though there are several 
 hundred financial institutions in Japan, no other banks have ever had 
 a branch office in a foreign country. There has recently been a 
 movement to establish a Chino-Japanese bank, but it is still far from 
 being accomplished, so that the Specie Bank will yet have the almost 
 sole control of Japanese money abroad. 
 
 The man who is chosen for the important function of conducting 
 this firm s affairs in New York City is Gojuro Nagasaki. He is a 
 native of Kagoshima, the province where the majority of the distin 
 guished soldiers of Japan have been born. He comes of a wealthy 
 family, and enjoyed full opportunity for higher education. Soon after 
 the graduation of the Tokyo Imperial University, in 1886, he was 
 appointed by Count Matsukata, Minister of the Treasury Department 
 at that time, as an official in that department. He was afterward trans 
 ferred to the office of Public Loan, and promoted to the head of that 
 office. It was here that his remarkable ability was shown in the 
 management of finance. 
 
 The betterment of the public loan condition was a great work. 
 The object was to reduce interest on loan certificates issued by the 
 Government at the beginning of the Meiji era thirty-five years ago. 
 The certificates were in two forms those bearing six per cent, and 
 those bearing seven per cent, interest and the aim of the officials was 
 to reduce both to five per cent. It was decided during Matsukata s 
 financial administration that this adjustment should be at once effected. 
 In 1887 a new loan certificate regulation was issued, and, as its results, 
 the desired reduction of interest was obtained on the certificates, amount 
 ing to 175,000,000 yen, their face value. Great care and patience were 
 required, however, to prevent a financial panic that might be created 
 by an issuance of too large an amount of the certificates at once. It 
 was here that Mr. Nagasaki s experience and skill were useful, and he 
 was kept in this work until 1889. 
 
 At this time there came an application from Mr. K. Ogawa, the 
 president of the Nippon Bank, to the Treasury Department, for a man 
 to fill the position in the draft department. Mr. Nagasaki was selected. 
 
76 PROMINENT JAPANESE IN AMERICA. 
 
 He was afterward ordered to study abroad, and to acquaint himself 
 particularly with the method of managing drafts practiced in Europe 
 and America, and he spent two years, from 1890 to 1892, abroad. As 
 the result of his study his service was called for in more important 
 function, and he was given a position in the management of the Yoko 
 hama Specie Bank. 
 
 This bank has intimate and close connections with the Nippon 
 Bank. It was at that time not so extensively branched as no\v, and 
 before putting the project into action it was deemed advisable to have 
 a thorough examination of conditions in p laces selected for new 
 branches. Mr. Nagasaki received the order to proceed to various 
 points in India to ascertain such conditions, and he started on his 
 mission in 1892. 
 
 The cotton weaving industry began to flourish about this time in 
 Japan, and the raw material used came chiefly from India. But the 
 Japanese importers of Indian cotton were suffering much because of 
 the lack of a financial medium directly connecting them with the 
 Hindoo merchants. They were obliged to rely on a Hongkong bank 
 for issuance of drafts, payable, through Frenchmen there, to the Indian 
 dealers. It was for the obvious purpose of relieving this inconvenience 
 that the Yokohama Specie Bank undertook to establish a branch in 
 India. 
 
 Mr. Nagasaki was afterward sent to this city. The New York 
 branch of the Yokohama Specie Bank is located in Wall street, the 
 business center of the metropolis and of the United States. At the 
 beginning of Mr. Nagasaki s management this important branch of the 
 Japanese firm had some difficulty in disposing of drafts that came in 
 excess from Japan, because the trade between this country and Japan 
 was not balanced and reciprocal. More goods were being imported to 
 the United States from Japan than the latter was receiving from the 
 former. This condition of trade was probably due to the fact that 
 the most of the things that Japan needed, such as machinery, etc., had 
 formerly came from Europe, especially from England. Thus, drafts 
 sent from Japan could not be directly returned. The New York branch 
 of the Specie Bank had, therefore, to send in cash, through a London 
 bank, to Japan. 
 
 It was largely through the efforts of Mr. Nagasaki that American 
 cotton was made a direct export to Japan. His experience in India 
 
PROMINENT JAPANESE IN AMERICA. 77 
 
 enabled him to show the value of American cotton to Japanese mer 
 chants. He discovered, however, that some American cotton had 
 already been introduced into Japan through Liverpool. Mr. Nagasaki 
 saw at once a disadvantage to both the Americans and the Japanese 
 merchants by such trading, and finally effected direct exportation, and 
 in 1895 the first American cotton was handed from American imme 
 diately to the Japanese. Thus he was slowly adjusting the difficulty of 
 disposing of the excess drafts, and, at the same time, fostering the 
 commercial intercourse between the United States and Japan. 
 
 Mr. Nagasaki is a man of the most amiable character, of admirable 
 business methods. In short, he possesses every quality that is required 
 for a financier. 
 
 THE FROSTS MAGIC 
 
 Kokoro-ate ni 
 
 Orabaya oran 
 Hatsu-shimo no 
 
 Oki madowaseru 
 
 Shiragiku no hana. 
 
 (Oshikochi No Mitsune.j 
 
 If it were my wish 
 
 White chrysanthemum to cull ; 
 
 Puzzled by the frost 
 
 Of the early autumn time, 
 
 I perchance might pluck the flower. 
 
MR. KENZO IWAHARA, 
 New York Representative of Mitsui & Co. 
 
PROMINENT JAPANESE IN AMERICA. 79 
 
 MR. KENZO IWAHARA. 
 
 Mr. K. Iwahara, the New York representative of Mitsui & Co., 
 Tokyo, was born on October 21, 1863, and received his education at 
 Osaka-Eigo-gakko, which was under the direct control of the Depart 
 ment of Education, and the College of Mercantile Marine, in Tokyo. 
 He entered the service of Mitsui & Co., in Tokyo, in 1883. From 1883 
 till 1895 he served at their offices in Tokyo, London, Osaka and Kobe. 
 
 While he was at Kobe he was director of the "Wada Warehouse 
 Company, Limited, and also the honorary member of the Chamber of 
 Commerce (Tokubetsu-Kaiin). 
 
 In 1896 he was sent to this country to study the prospect of trade 
 in relation to Japan, in view of establishing a branch office here. Under 
 his initiative the present office, at 445 Broome street, was opened, on 
 August i, 1896. 
 
 He was the organizer of the new department of raw silk at Yoko 
 hama and New York offices. 
 
 In 1901 he successfully carried through a most delicate and com 
 plicated negotiation of a loan from one of the great manufacturing 
 concerns here for a company in Tokyo. 
 
 He enjoys the most intimate relations with a number of " Trusts " 
 in this country in the line of all kinds of manufactured steel, being their 
 sole agent in Japan. The company is also the largest shipper of cotton 
 to Japan. 
 
 Though I would conceal, 
 
 In my face it yet appears, 
 
 My fond, secret love ; 
 
 So much that he asks of me 
 "Does not something trouble \ou?" 
 
COUNT HIROKICHI MUTSU, 
 First Secretary of the Japanese Legation, Washington. 
 
PROMINENT JAPANESE IN AMERICA. 81 
 
 COUNT HIROKICHI MUTSU. 
 
 Count Hirokichi Mutsu is the First Secretary of the Japanese 
 Legation, Washington. Count Mutsu s study abroad began in 1886. He 
 sojourned in England for seven years, that is to say, until he received 
 the degree of Barrister from Temple College, London, in 1893. He 
 returned home, and, in August of the following year, was appointed a 
 translator in the Department of Foreign Affairs, Tokyo. Soon, however, 
 his service was called for by the more important diplomatic relations 
 created by the Japan-China War. Count Mutsu was ordered by the 
 same department to accompany Marquis Ito on his peace-making mission 
 to Shimonoseki. After the conclusion of the treaty which restored peace 
 in the Far East the Count remained for some time with Marquis Ito, 
 whom he served in a capacity similar to that of secretary. 
 
 In October, 1895, Count Mutsu passed the examinations prescribed 
 for a consul by the Foreign Department of the Japanese Government, 
 and was soon dispatched to China and attached to Baron Hayashi s 
 diplomatic mission at the Peking court. He was there raised to the 
 rank of third secretary. 
 
 Count Mutsu served at Washington during Minister Hoshi s time. 
 He returned home in 1897. In the subsequent year his appointment for 
 the American mission was renewed. He was sent as consul to San 
 Francisco, Cal., and continued in that capacity for about three years. 
 
 In 1900 the Count returned to Japan, and in the spring of last year 
 he was dispatched to the Japanese Legation at Rome, Italy. He served 
 there as second secretary. 
 
 In the summer of the same year he was again attached to the legation 
 at Washington and raised to the rank of first secretary. 
 
MR. TAKENOSUKE FURUYA, 
 
 New York Representative of the Japan Central Tea 
 Traders Association. 
 
PROMINENT JAPANESE IN AMERICA. 83 
 
 MR. TAKENOSUKE FURUYA. 
 
 Mr. Takenosuke Furuya, New York representative of the Japan 
 Central Tea Association, was born in May, 1867, in the province of 
 Ibaraki, and was educated in Tokyo. In 1888 he came to the United 
 States and he studied in Adrian College and Ann Arbor High School. 
 He graduated from the Law School of Michigan University in 1892. 
 He took his course of study by self support. 
 
 He lived in Chicago from 1892 to 1894. He was first commissioner 
 of the Japan Central Tea Traders Association, which was established 
 in 1884 under the supervision of the Department of Agriculture and 
 Commerce of the Imperial Japanese Government, at the World s Fair in 
 Chicago, in April, 1894. He was sent by the Association as its repre 
 sentative and ever since has continued to be so. His office is at 96 
 Front street, New York. He also represents the Japan Tea Exporting 
 Company of Kobe, the Japan Tea Firing Company of Yokohama, and 
 the Toyo Tea Trading Company of Shizuoka. 
 
 THE REBEL, LOVE. 
 
 Akenureba 
 
 Kururu mono to wa 
 Shirinagara 
 
 Nao urameshiki 
 
 Asaborake kana. 
 
 (Fujiwara No Michinobu Ason.) 
 
 Though I know full well 
 
 That the night will come again, 
 
 E en when day has dawned; 
 Yet, in truth, I hate the sight 
 Of the morning s coming light. 
 
MR. SHAW T. NISHIMURA, 
 
 Montreal Representative of the Japan Centrai 
 Tea Traders Association. 
 
PROMINENT JAPANESE IN AMERICA. 85 
 
 MR. SHAW T. NISHIMURA. 
 
 Mr. S. T. Nishimura, who is the representative of the Japan Central 
 Tea Association in Montreal, Canada, is a native of Yokohama. His 
 father is a well-known tea merchant, and in the early days of the 
 opening of Yokohama as a foreign trading port began business there. 
 Mr. Nishimura entered the mission school in Yokohama at the age of 
 fourteen to learn English. Later he went to Tokyo and Shiguoka, 
 and finally he entered the Sapporo Agricultural School, Hokkaido, 
 which is conducted on the American school system under many American 
 teachers. 
 
 In 1884, his father dying, he took charge of his father s business. 
 A little later he was employed by the Rea Company, an English com 
 pany that exports tea from Japan, where he remained for twelve years. 
 He visited America in 1896. After returning to Japan he entered the 
 Japan Tea Firing Company, in Yokohama, which is conducted by Mr. 
 Kahei Otani, now the president of the Chamber of Commerce in 
 Yokohama. 
 
 He was also in the branch office of the Japan Central Tea Trade 
 Association in Chicago, and took charge, in 1900, of the branch office 
 of the Japan Central Tea Traders Association in Montreal, Canada. 
 
 Nikumarete 
 
 Nikumi kaesu na 
 
 Nikumarero 
 
 Nikumi nikumare 
 Hateshi nakereba. 
 
 Hated though you be, 
 
 Hate for hate do not return ; 
 
 Hatred given accept. 
 
 If for hatred you give hate, 
 Then to hating comes no end. 
 
MR. TOMOTSUNE MITSUTANY, 
 
 Chicago Representative of the Japan Central 
 Tea Traders Association. 
 
PROMINENT JAPANESE IN AMERICA. 87 
 
 MR. TOMOTSUNE MITSUTANY. 
 
 Mr. Tomotsune Mitsutany, the representative of the Japan Central 
 Tea Traders Association in Chicago, was born in September, 1872, in 
 the province of Chiba. Until 1892 he continued his study in the Higher 
 Middle School in Tokyo, and later he studied English in Kokumin Egak- 
 kai in Tokyo. He was sent to the World s Fair in Chicago as commis 
 sioner of Japanese tea merchants. In 1894 he entered the political 
 school of the Imperial University, where he studied for four years. In 
 June, 1897, he was appointed as the representative of the Japan Central 
 Tea Traders Association in Chicago, where he is still. In May, 1901, he 
 opened Gottliebe, Mitsutany & Co., at 34 Wabash avenue, in Chicago, 
 in partnership with Mr. Gottliebe, for importing Japanese tea. The 
 business is growing in all its branches. 
 
 THE FLEETING LIFE OF FLOWERS. 
 
 Hisakata no 
 
 Hikari Nodokeki 
 Haru no hi ni 
 
 Shizu-kokoro naku 
 
 Hana no chiruran. 
 
 (Ki no Tomonori.) 
 
 In the cheerful light 
 
 Of the ever-shining sun, 
 
 In the days of spring: 
 
 Why, with ceaseless, restless haste 
 Falls the cherry s new-blown bloom ? 
 
MR. DAIJIRO USHIKUBO, 
 New York Manager of Yamanaka & Co. 
 
 I 
 
PROMINENT JAPANESE IN AMERICA. 89 
 
 MR. DAIJIRO USHIKUBO. 
 
 Among the exports of Japan the artistic goods and potteries have 
 attained a unique position in foreign markets, and it is by this fact that 
 our shrewd merchants are liable to be led on, and design to obtain profit 
 by an unworthy means. The inevitable consequences of such attempts 
 are the loss abioad of our commercial reputation, in particular, and a 
 blemish upon our national character, in general. It was to provide 
 against this evil that the Yamanaka & Company (limited partnership), 
 was formed at Osaka. A branch office of this firm is in New York City, 
 and its manager is the man of whom we write. 
 
 Daijiro Ushikubo belongs to a Samurai family, of the Tango 
 Province. His father, a retainer of the Tanabe clan, had from early 
 times been a great admirer of Western civilization, and directed his son s 
 training with remarkable foresight. Younk Daijiro was sent to Yedo 
 (now Tokyo), Nagasaki and elsewhere in order to be in touch with men 
 of the most advanced ideas, and so he determined to go abroad. 
 
 In 1888 he had an opportunity to carry out his cherished wish. The 
 World s Fair held in Spain called for Japanese representatives of com 
 merce and industry to that country. Mr. Ogoshi, now the Japanese 
 Minister to Argentine Republic, South America, was chosen by our 
 Government for the mission, and Ushikubo accompanied him. During 
 their stay in Spain Ushikubo had earnestly endeavored to introduce 
 Japanese artistic goods. After spending about a year there, he went 
 through England, Germany, and France, always on the lookout for the 
 possibilities of introducing into these countries of Japanese goods. He 
 returned to Japan in 1890. 
 
 In the same year he was appointed by the Industrial and Com 
 mercial Association of Japan to a position in its New York branch. The 
 head of this branch was at that time Mr. H. Shigyo. For three years 
 Ushikubo, with his extraordinary devotion to business, assisted in this 
 important branch of the association. But his effort and faithful service 
 came to nothing, for, in 1893, the great financial panic in America 
 brought upon the firm s business so damaging an effect that it had to be 
 closed permanently. 
 
 In 1894 the Yamanaka & Company arranged to have a branch at 
 this city, and Ushikubo was chosen as the man to render this movement 
 
MR. BUNKIO MATSUKI. 
 Head of Matsuki & Co. 
 
PROMINENT JAPANESE IN AMERICA. 91 
 
 successful. His business ability again showed itself. He principally 
 directed his effort to the field which he had already studied while in 
 Europe ; he encouraged the introduction of artistic goods into this coun 
 try, and at the same time made a careful study of the American taste for 
 Japanese art. It was chiefly this study of his that insured the success of 
 the company in this country. 
 
 It is not too much to say that Ushikubo possesses what Mr. Andrew 
 Carnegie terms the " secret of business success " : honesty, faith and 
 impartiality. He also possesses, to a remarkable degree, the power of 
 choosing artistic pottery, and the faculty of discriminating the workman 
 ship of the various Japanese potteries, which is only developed by deep 
 study and extensive acquaintance with the art of both ancient and modern 
 times. 
 
 MR. BUNKIO MATSUKI. 
 
 Mr. Bunkio Matsuki was born in Sewa, in the Province of Shinao, 
 Japan, in April, 1867. When a child he was named Takasaburo Mat 
 suki. He is the third of a family of five brothers and five sisters. 
 
 When he was fourteen years old he was attracted to the Buddhist 
 priest, Illi, who was at the head of the Nichiren sect. In his fifteenth 
 year he became his attendant, and two years later he became his disciple, 
 when he was given his present name, Bunkio. 
 
 Like many other Japanese, he had a desire to see the outside world. 
 He went to China in 1886 and remained there one year and a half, after 
 which he returned to Japan. He then left his native land for the United 
 States, arriving in San Francisco in 1888, where he remained only seven 
 days, when he went East to Boston with $67 in his pocket. He got 
 acquainted with Prof. Edward S. Morse, and through his kindness got 
 into the Salem High School, from which he graduated in 1890. He 
 revisited Japan for the first time in 1891, representing the Syndicate 
 Trading Company. Mr. A. Swan Brown was then president. He 
 opened the first Japanese store in Boston in October, 1883. In the same 
 year he built the first Japanese house in Salem, Mass. 
 
 Beginning in 1891, he visited Japan every year, as he found it 
 necessary to select ancient and modern art goods in person. He 
 originated many ideas of commercial value which he has offered in his 
 store at 380 Boylston street, Boston, Mass., and in his art sells in various 
 cities. Mr. Matsuki s aim in commerce has always been to handle only 
 the real and highest quality of Japanese art objects, importing only 
 genuine articles, instead of buying imitations in what is known as the 
 " Yokohama style." 
 
 Mr. Matsuki is a liberal contributor of illustrated articles on Japanese 
 art in different papers and magazines of this country. 
 
MR. MUMAJIRO YAMADA, 
 
 New York Representative of Okura & Co. 
 
PROMINENT JAPANESE IN AMERICA. 93 
 
 MR. MUMAJIRO YAMADA. 
 
 Mr. Yamada was born in 1871, in the province of Kyushu. .He 
 graduated from the Higher Commercial School in 1894. In the same 
 vear he entered Okura & Co., and was in the branch office of the 
 Company in Yokohama for three years, after which he moved to the 
 Tokyo office. In 1900 he went to London, after visiting the Continental 
 countries of Europe. 
 
 Okura & Co. are the largest contractors for the Government, and 
 have many branch offices throughout Japan, China, England and 
 Australia. In April, 1901, Mr. Yamada came to New York for the 
 purpose of opening an office, and in August he established his head 
 quarters at ii Broadway. His business is mainly exporting machinery 
 and all iron work to Japan and the Far East. 
 
 The main office of Okura & Co. is in Tokyo, and its managing 
 partner is Mr. Kihachiro Okura, who is one of the millionaires of Japan. 
 Mr. Okura has donated half a million yen to the public for establishing 
 the Okura Commercial School in Tokvo. 
 
 THE MOUNTAIN CHERRY-BLOOM 
 
 Takasago no 
 
 Onoe no sakura 
 Saki ni keri 
 
 Toyama no kasumi 
 
 Tatazu mo aranan. 
 (Gon-Chunagon Masafusa). 
 
 On that distant mount, 
 
 O er the slope below the peak, 
 
 Cherries are in flower ; 
 
 May the mists of hither hills 
 Not arise to veil the scene. 
 
MR. JIRO SAKABE, 
 Of Kyoto Manufacturing and Trading Company. 
 
PROMINENT JAPANESE IN AMERICA. 95 
 
 MR. JIRO SAKABE. 
 
 Jiru Sakabe, of the Kyoto Manufacturing and Trading Company, 
 of this city, was born in December, 18/3, at Kameoka, Tamba Province, 
 Japan. He comes of a Samurai family. His father, a judicial officer 
 of the province under the feudal government, died early, leaving his 
 immature son, Jiru, to the mother s care. 
 
 Noble in birth but poor in means, Jiru Sakabe had from his early 
 boyhood to struggle for an education. He found at length a helping 
 hand in a charitable man, who furnished him the means necessary for 
 the purpose. This man was Gentaro Tanaka, who possessed a consid 
 erable fortune, which he readily appropriated for the welfare of this 
 Samurai youth. 
 
 At the age of seventeen Sakabe graduated from the Kyoto Com 
 mercial College, and at once decided to step out into the actual world, 
 and to face this time a struggle of manhood. It is a strange destiny 
 that a Samurai, who inherits the soul to rule or the hand to wield a 
 sword, should have adopted the occupation of loss and profit accounts. 
 Nevertheless, such is the case often happening in the era of the Meiji, 
 which opened Japan to the world s commerce, although this never 
 happened in the days of old Japan. 
 
 The ambitious youth was seen among the prominent business men 
 of Kyoto in an effort to organize a trade association. At the formation 
 of the Kan-zei Trading Association he entered his name among its 
 members. This trade organization grew rapidly, and, in four years after 
 its founding, it began to take interest in international trade. More 
 extensive trade with America was desired by the association, and a 
 branch firm was establshed in New York, and called Wooyeno & Co. 
 Mr. Eijiro Wooyeno had charge of this branch. 
 
 Sakabe was sent to this country and attached to the New "York 
 branch. This was in December, 1895. His merits were quickly 
 recognized. K. Hamaoka, the president of the association, and G. 
 Tanaka conferred with Sakabe as to an important movement to advance 
 the interests of the association, and, as the successful result of this 
 movement, Sakabe was given the sole power to deal in the American 
 market. 
 
 In a short time Eijiro Wooyeno, who had the closest relation with 
 the association, retired, and with him went the name of " Wooyeno & 
 Co." Sakabe, after conferring with Tanaka, an influential member of 
 the association, obtained permission to continue the branch on a more 
 extensive plan. The Kyoto Manufacturing and Trading Company, 
 which is located at 532-534 Broadway, New York, was the result. It 
 began business in April of this year. 
 
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PROMINENT JAPANESE IN AMERICA. 97 
 
 HINODE CLUB, A SOCIAL ORGAN OF THE JAPA 
 NESE IN NEW YORK CITY. 
 
 An association of the Japanese bicycle riders in New York was 
 formed in 1897, and called the Hinode Cycle Club. As indicated by 
 the name, the aim of the club was primarily the mutual benefit and 
 pleasure of Japanese cyclers. 
 
 As cycling, however, gradually became less in favor, and at the 
 same time, the number of the Japanese residents having varied inclina 
 tions to sports increased, it was felt that the purpose of the club should 
 be broadened so as to include a wider field of amusement and members 
 from various classes. On January i, 1901, at a New Year celebration 
 gathering, a suggestion to alter the name of the club so that it would 
 designate the wider purpose was proposed by Dr. J. Takamine, and in 
 May of the same year it was decided to drop the word " cycle " from the 
 name of the club. 
 
 The club was then reorganized and formally adopted, on May 29, 
 1901, the name of Hinode Club. Its meeting room was fixed at Vienna 
 Hall, and the opening exercises were held the same day. A number of 
 prominent Japanese outside of the original club members were invited. 
 Among them were Minister and Mrs. Takahira. The occasion was a 
 very successful one, and ended by a dinner. Dr. J. Takamine was 
 elected as the first president of this new club. 
 
 The present president of the club is Mr. Zenjiro Horikoshi, of the 
 Horikoshi silk firm. The members number fifty. They are of the 
 select class of Japanese residents, of various inclinations to sport, and are 
 highly accomplished men. Its gathering is now held once a month ; a 
 general meeting is also called annually. During the summer a com 
 fortable place is selected in the suburbs, seven or eight miles from the 
 city, for the pleasure of the members. The club fee is fixed at $12 
 annually. An entrance fee of $5 is also required. Proposals for mem 
 bership from any person can be considered by recommendations of two 
 members, and an election requires the approval of three-fourths of the 
 entire membership. 
 
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