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 CLEMENCY TO BRUTES; 
 
 The Subftance 
 
 Of two SERMONS preached on a 
 SffR OF E-SUND AT, 
 
 With a particular View to difluade from 
 
 That Species of 
 
 C R U E L T Y annually pradifed in E N G L A N D y 
 
 THE THROWING AT COCKS. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed for R. and J. DODSLEY in Pall-Mall. 
 
 MDCCLXI. 
 
 UNIV. OF CALIF. LIBRARY, LOS AlfGELES
 
 Stack 
 
 Annex 
 
 s 
 
 PROVERBS xii. 10; Q2. ( 
 
 2J17 
 A righteous Man regardeth the Life of his Beaft* 
 
 CLEMENCY to Brute Creatures, the Duty afferted 
 in this Proverb, is what the prefent Seafon in par- 
 ticular calls upon us to enforce. For, befides that 
 the Firft LefTon for this Morning's Service doth evidently 
 fuggeft it to us, the Cuftom which obtains among the lower 
 forts of our Countrymen of torturing one part of the Brute 
 Creation on Shro < ue- c fuefdays y a Cuflom which can never be 
 reflected on by any humane Perfon without Horror, very 
 pathetically reminds us of making a due regard to that 
 branch of Companion the Subject; of this Day's religious 
 Exhortation. To that therefore I now addrefs myfelf j and 
 as the Inftance of Barbarity mentioned is very highly re- 
 proachful to our Nation, and has in it feveral ftriking pe- 
 culiarities of Abfurdity and Guilt, I purpofe, toward the 
 clofe of my Difcourfe, to take this into particular Confider- 
 ation in order to excite in you a juft Abhorrence of it. 
 " A righteous Man regardeth the Life * of his Beaft." 
 Thefe are the Words of the wifeft of the Jews ; and they 
 imply that he among them who regarded not the Welfare of 
 the Creatures beneath him was a wicked M,m. The Foun- 
 dation of which Imputation is This. In feveral Paffages of 
 
 * The Word here rendered Life is by Commentators underftood to fignify all 
 the Neceilaries and Comforts of Life. 
 
 A 2 the 
 
 1C .. ,7
 
 A. 
 u j 
 
 j" the Books of Mofes the Maker's great Care and Tendernefs 
 for Brute Creatures are manifefted, and acls of Cruelty to 
 them difcountenanced and forbidden. Before the Flood 
 Men had no Commiffion to eat the Flefli of Animals, nor 
 were Animals of any kind permitted to prey upon one 
 another. Herbs, and Trees yielding Seed, was the, only 
 Meat then allotted to Man, and to all the other Inhabitants 
 of the dry Land every green Herb : For thus in the firft 
 Chapter qf Genefis God is recorded to have decreed to the 
 Race of Man, " Behold I have given you every Herb bear- 
 " ing Seed which is upon the Face of all the Earth, and 
 " to every Bead of the Field, and to every Fowl of the Air, 
 * c and to every thing that creepeth upon the Earth wherein 
 " there is Life, I have given every green Herb for Meat." 
 Thus did God in fome Meafure restrain all earthly Animals 
 from Adts of Cruelty, in not permitting them to prey upon 
 one another before the Flood ; and after the Flood, when 
 he pronounced the following Licence to Noah and his 
 Offspring, " Every moving thing that liveth mall be Meat 
 <c for you, even as the green Herb have I given you all 
 " Things i" even then he added " But Flefh with the Life 
 " thereof, which is the Blood thereof, mall ye not eat :" In- 
 timating that in Blood, as the Part in which confifts the 
 Life of Animals, there " is fomething facred ; thus in fome 
 meafure guarding againft the fpilling it wantonly, and at 
 the fame time providing for fuch Creatures as Man mould 
 find necefTary to flaughter for his Subfiftence, a Death of 
 the eafieft and fpeediefl kind. For, whatever other Rcafons 
 
 may
 
 r 5 
 
 may be afllgned for God's forbidding Man to feed on Blood, 
 it feems not unreafonable to fuppofe that to guard againft 
 Cruelty in the Slaughter of his iriferiour Creatures, was a 
 principal one ; and fo undoubtedly the Jews understood it, 
 whole Delcendants are to this Day very fcrupulous not only 
 as to draining the Animals defigned for the Table of as 
 much Blood as poflible, but likewife in regard to the keen- 
 nefs of the Instrument with which the fatal Incifion is to be 
 made j as if without this they did not adt up to the fpirit of 
 that Precept ; no one among them being authorifed to Kill 
 who hath not undergone a formal Examination as to his 
 Ability of duly preparing and dextroufly handling the Knife 
 to be employed for that purpofe : By which means the poor 
 Creatures that yield up Life for their Subfiflence are never 
 hacked and mangled, and put to fuch unneceflary Torture, 
 as, to the great Shame of Chriftians, they very often are 
 amongft Us. 
 
 Thus we find the tender Mercy of God to Brute Crea- 
 tures, in defending them from Barbarity in general, exerted 
 immediately after both the Creation and the Flood j and in 
 the fubfequent Declaration of his Will by Mofes, belides a 
 renewal of the Command not to eat Blood, and that under 
 penalty of Death, we meet with feveral particular Laws to- 
 the fame purpofe. In the thirty-fourth Chapter of Exodus 
 the Jews are commanded " Not to feethe a Kid in his 
 " Mother's Milk j" and .in the twenty-fecond Chapter of 
 2<eviticus- t " Not to kill a Cow, or an Ewe, and her Young. 
 " on the fame Day." In the twenty-fecond Chapter of 
 
 Deutro-
 
 [6] 
 
 Deutrvnomy God careth in thefe Words for the Fowls of 
 the Air, " If a Bird's Neft chance to be before thee in the 
 <c Way, on any Tree, or on the Ground, whether they be 
 c{ young Ones or Eggs, and the Dam fitting upon the 
 " Young; thou {halt not take the Dam with the Young: 
 " But thou malt in any wife let the Dam go, and take the 
 " Young to thee, that it may be well with thee, and that 
 " thou mayeft prolong thy Days." And in the twenty -fifth 
 Chapter of the fame Book is this remarkable Injunction, 
 " Thou (halt not muzz^ the Mouth of the Ox when he 
 * c treadeth out the Corn." From the Obfervance of which 
 particular Commandments, and feveral others of the like 
 Nature, the Lord moft apparently defigned to guard his 
 People from All Ads of Cruelty to Brute Creatures in ge- 
 neral, and to induce Habits of Clemency and Beneficence 
 in their favor. Well therefore might the wife Man impute 
 Wickednefs to Him among the Jews who regarded not the 
 Welfare of the Creatures beneath him ; feeing he acted in 
 direct Oppofition to the Tenor of that Law, the Obfervance 
 of which was what among that People denominated a Man 
 Righteous. 
 
 Nor let any one imagine that the Clemency in thefe Paf- 
 fages infinuated by Mofes to his Countrymen is not a Duty 
 likewife from Us. Clemency to Brutes is a Natural Duty, 
 and Natural Duties are of eternal and univerfal Obligation. 
 Had the good Being never revealed his Will upon this Par- 
 ticular, yet plain Reafon might have evinced, that wantonly 
 to deftroy any of the Creatures below us, or put them to 
 
 un-
 
 [ 7 ] 
 
 unneceflary Torment muft be difpleafing to him. Cruelty 
 towards Men is moft confefledly an Offence againft God, 
 and can the fame Difpofition towards Brutes be otherwife ? 
 Did not the fame Hand which made Them make Us ? Arc 
 they not formed with equal Thought and Accuracy ? Are 
 they not, confidering the difference of their Natures, as 
 bountifully provided for ? Have they not impreffed on them 
 as vehement a Defire of continuing their Kinds ? Appear 
 they not, even the vileft of them, alike defirous of Life ? 
 Do they not, when bruifed or wounded, or otherwife evil- 
 treated, feem equally fenfible of Pain ? Yes, confidered 
 
 in all thefe refpects, the very meanefl Worm is our Sifter ; 
 and from thefe Confiderations principally it is that mutual 
 Compaffion among Men becomes a Natural Duty. All 
 Things that Move and Live appear precious in the fight of 
 God, and therefore certainly ought not to be treated as 
 vile or indifferent by us. This tender Mercy of the 
 Creator over the lower part of his living Creatures is very 
 ftrongly pointed out in that jufl and beautiful View of 
 Nature, the hundred and fourth Pfalm. " God, fays the 
 Author of it, " fendeth the Springs into the Vallies, which 
 
 " run among the Hills." And why ? " To give Drink 
 
 " to every Beaft of the Field, and that the wild Affes may 
 " quench their Thirft -, that the Fowls of Heaven may 
 " have an Habitation in the Trees nourished by their 
 cc moifture, and delight themfelves with fmging among the 
 " Branches." This alone he mentioneth as the final Caufe 
 ttf Springs, and when, in the following Lines, he introduced 
 
 odi
 
 [8] 
 
 God watering the Hills from his Chambers, and fatiating 
 the Earth with Rain; that is done, he tells us, " to caufe 
 " Grafs to grow for the Cattle, as well as Corn, Wine, 
 " and Oil, for the fervice of Man :" It is to fupply Sap to the 
 Trees of the Foreft, which, he adds, " the Lord himfelf 
 <c hath planted." And the Reafon affigned for his planting 
 them, is, not to pleafe the Eye of Man with their fta ely 
 Growth and Verdure ; not to fuppiy to him a grateful {belter 
 from Storms, or Sun-beams ; not to enable him to raifs 
 proud Palaces for himfelf; but that there the wilder kinds 
 of Birds may make their Nefts. After this we fee the Hills 
 lifted high to be a Refuge for the wild Goats ; and the 
 ftany Rocks cleft to provide a Fortrefs for the Conies. The 
 Pialmift having thus (hewn the Supreme Being alike good 
 and liberal to the different Inhabitants of the dry Land in 
 the Diftribution of Space, proceeds to reprefent him no lefs 
 fo in the Divifion of Time. If Man hath the Day affigned 
 him wherein to labour unmolefted, to the Beafts of prey 
 is 'allotted the Dominion of the Night, " Thou," fays he, 
 addreffing himfelf to the Univerfal Governor, " Thou makeft 
 " Darknefs, and it is Night, wherein all the Beafts of the 
 " Foreft do move 3 the Lions roaring after their prey do 
 cc feek their Meat from God. The Sun arifeth, and they 
 <c get them away together, and lay them down in their 
 " Dens. Man goeth forth unto his Work, and to his 
 " Labor until the Evening." From the dry Land he 
 turneth to that other part of our Globe, the great and wide 
 Sea 5 the ufe of which to Man he but flightly touches on, 
 
 but
 
 [9] 
 
 but gives a moft noble Idea of it as the Receptacle of 
 numberlefs Tribes of other Creatures, which there live, and 
 enjoy the overflowings of Divine Goodnefs. <c There are 
 " Things creeping innumerable, both finall and great 
 " Beafts; there go the Ships ; and there is that Leviathan 
 " which thou haft made to take his paftime therein." Af- 
 ter this general Survey of the Inhabitants of the Land and 
 Waters, he cries out in extatic Adoration, to their com- 
 mon Benefactor, " Thefe wait all upon Thee that thou mayeft 
 " give them Meat in due Seafon. When thou giveft it 
 " them they gather it, and when thou opened thy Hand 
 " they are filled with Good. When thou hideft thy Face 
 " they are troubled ; when thou takeft away their Breath 
 " they die, and are turned again to their Duft. When Thou 
 " letteft thy Breath go forth they fhall be made, and thou 
 " fhalt renew the Face of the Earth. The glorious Ma- 
 " jefty of the Lord fliall endure for ever ; the Lord (hall 
 <e rejoice in his Works." In all which Quotations it may 
 be obferved that Man is reprefented fo much upon a Level 
 with the other Creatures in the Eye of his Maker, that this 
 Pfalm feems to have been intended not only for an ad: of 
 Devotion to the Supreme Benefactor, but like wife for an in- 
 direct Exhortation to Man to behave tenderly and benefi- 
 cently to all inferiour Animals, as engaging equally the Con- 
 cern, and being as much the Joy and Glory of their com- 
 mon Parent as himfelf. A Confideration certainly very 
 Weighty, and, when duly attended to, effectually impulfive 
 to this Duty. 
 
 B But
 
 [ 10 
 
 But as the Intimations of Reafon concerning matters of 
 Duty are too apt to be difregarded by the generality of 
 Mankind, we find many forts of the inferiour Creatures en- 
 abled to fpeak forcibly for themfelves to the Hearts of their 
 Perfecutors. For what are the doleful Meanings, and even 
 Tears, of fome Animals when they perceive their Lives to 
 be in Danger, but fo many Calls upon their Tormentors for 
 Pity? What elfe the vehement Shrieks and melancholy 
 Rowlings of others ? They too among divers of their Kinds 
 have Sighs and Groans with which to move Companion : 
 And to fome of them Nature hath given the Cry at which 
 the human Heart is moft apt to relent even the Cry as of 
 a tender Babe. Nay, the dying Pangs of all of them arc 
 not without fomething Shocking to a well-formed Bofom : 
 Mute though they may be, yet the many painful Diftor- 
 tions and Convulfions of their tortured Bodies occafion un- 
 eafinefs in a humane Spectator. Even a trampled Worm, 
 writhing and twifting itfelf in the agony of Death, cannot 
 be beheld by fuch a one without his fuffering in fome de- 
 gree with it. To which Obfervations may be added, that 
 the very fight of Blood to young Perfons is for the moft part 
 terrible ; that a Man muft be accuftomed to the ilaughter 
 of the tamer forts of Animals for fome time before he can 
 kill them without Reluctance ; and that the butchered Car- 
 cafles of the largeft kinds of thefe, cannot, by People unufed 
 to fuch Spectacles, be beheld without Horror. 
 
 Thus doth God addrefs himfelf to his Human Creatures 
 in Favour of the inferiour Kinds, by caufing thefe, when 
 
 pained
 
 r " 
 
 pined or murdered, to excite in them a variety of Sedations 
 to which he hath implanted an Averfion in their Nature. 
 Which if we well reflect upon, together with the Conlider- 
 stion before mentioned, we (hall not fo much wonder when 
 we read that there were many wife and religious Men among; 
 the Ancients who held it a Duty to abflain entirely from 
 eating the Flefh of all manner of living Creatures, and not 
 to put any among the harmlefs Kinds of them to Death 
 upon any Account whatfoever ; we mall not fo much 
 wonder when we are told that there are at this Day Coun- 
 tries wherein public Hofpitals are erected for the relief and 
 fubfiftence of maimed and aged Brutes ; nor that there are 
 People in the World fo very Compaflionate as to part with 
 a Sum of Money to a mercilefs European to reftore to its 
 Liberty a poor Bird : For fuch People in the Eaft there 
 really are, and others who make it a matter of Religion 
 not to take away Life knowingly from any Creature what- 
 ever, nay who make it a matter of Religion not to walk 
 abroad before Day, left by chance they mould tread upon 
 fome wandring Infect, or maim it in the movement of 
 their Feet. 
 
 We have now feen that Clemency to Brute Creatures in 
 general, fo carefully infinuated as we have (hewn to the 
 Jews throughout the Writings of Mofes, is likewife fo power- 
 fully intimated to mankind by Nature that it was carried 
 even to a fuperftitious excefs by many of the Wife and Good 
 among the Ancients, and is fo praclifed in fome Pagan 
 Countries to this very Day. And can it be fuppofed that 
 
 B 2 Chrifti-
 
 3 
 
 Chriftianity fets us in any degree loofe to this Duty ? Nay, 
 are not our Obligations to this Branch of Humanity con- 
 fiderably ftrengthened by that Religion ? The Character of 
 the blefled Jefus was not to break even the bruifed Reed. 
 Meeknefs and Compaffion fhone forth confummate in his 
 Life > and in his Dodrine we find him recommending 
 thefe Virtues in their greateft Latitude, and pouring forth 
 Bleffings upon them, " Blefied are the Merciful for they 
 " fball obtain Mercy. BlefTed are the Meek * for they 
 <{ {hall inherit the Earth." It would be endlefs to cite all 
 the PafTages in which our Saviour recommends and encou- 
 rages thefe Virtues in general ; but the following Paflage 
 implies ftrongly an Injunction to the Obfervance of that 
 Branch of them now before us, and deferves to be for ever 
 founded in the Ears of his inclement Difciples, " Be ye 
 " Merciful as your Father which is in Heaven is Merciful." 
 That moft glorious and yet moft gracious Being, who not 
 only, as he {ays in the Context to this, caufeth his Sun to 
 Ihine, and his Rain to fall, on the Wicked as well as the 
 Good; on his Enemies as well as his Friends; but who like- 
 wife, we are told in other of his Difcourfes, giveth Food to 
 the Ravens, and remembreth every Sparrow that falleth to 
 the Ground. Ye, therefore, who would be worthy Difciples 
 f the bleffed Jefus cultivate in your Bofoms that extenfive 
 Clemency and Compaffion for which your great Mafter was 
 & emittently Confpicuous-; and, in Obedience to his Injunc- 
 
 Gentle, the Clement, the Indulgent. 
 
 tion.
 
 [ 13 ] 
 
 tion, (hew yourfclves plenteous in Mercy even to Brutes j 
 for to them your Father which is in Heaven is Merciful. 
 
 From what hath been now offered it abundantly appears 
 that Clemency to the inferiour Animals is a Duty from us 
 as we are Men, and particularly as we are Chriftians ; and 
 confequently that our Happinefs in the future World de- 
 pends in fome Meafure on our practice of it. Nor are there 
 wanting feveral important Confiderations to evince a due re- 
 gard of it very interefting to us likewife in our prefent 
 State. 
 
 Methinks was there no other Motive to this Duty than 
 the Pleafure which may immediately arife from the Dif- 
 charge of it, that alone fhould be a fufficient Incitement 
 to it. Pity is a very tender Affection of the Soul of Man, 
 whofe Emotions when ever he gratifies,, a moft exquifite 
 Pleafure refults from it j and we have already fhewn how 
 very capable Brutes are of exciting this Affection. In re- 
 lieving therefore the Miferies of thefe, we give Eafe, we give 
 Pleafure to ourfelves, provided we are fuch Men as we fhould 
 be. If our Affections indeed are brutal, it is no wonder if 
 the Miferies of Brutes do not affect us ; for they, generally 
 fpeaking, extend not their Regards beyond their own Species. 
 And this to a thinking Perfon may fugged a new Pleafure 
 from the performance of the Duty we are recommending. 
 To feel for all the Creatures is of all the Creatures upon 
 Earth the property only of Man. One would imagine 
 therefore that he mould value himfelf upon the Diftinction, 
 and take a Pleafure in the Exercife of his Prerogative. To- 
 
 feel
 
 C H 
 
 feel for all the Creatures too is an Attribute of God ; one 
 would imagine therefore that Man mould exult in fuch a 
 Fellowship, and be glad at every Opportunity of (hewing 
 himfeif admitted to it. Viewing himfelf in either of thefe 
 Refpects a Man cannot but find his Nature greatly ennobled, 
 and if he (hall be able to derive to himfelf no Pleafure from 
 acting up to fuch Dignity he muft either be miferably Bafe, 
 or egregioufly Stupid. It will be objected perhaps that the 
 Pleafure we are now fpeaking of is founded in Pride. 
 Why, call it Pride if you pleafe. But it is a juft Pride ; it 
 is a virtuous Pride j it is a Pride greatly to be gloried in. 
 That which makes what we commonly call a Proud Man 
 faulty, is, he is not Proud enough. He is one, who, over- 
 valuing himfelf on the low Advantages of Birth or Fortune 
 or the like, defpifes and behaves tyrannically to others ; he is 
 one who contents himfelf with imitating Men of a little higher 
 Station than his own j whereas in reality he ought to raife 
 his Ambition infinitely higher j the Being whom he {hould 
 indeed imitate is no lefs than God Himfelf. Such a Pride 
 as this would never induce him to over-rate his own Advan- 
 tages, nor to think contemptuoufly of others. Though he 
 {hould look upon himfelf, as, what in truth he is, the Vice- 
 gerent of the Higheft over all other earthly Creatures, yet 
 he would tyrannize over, or caufelefly afflict none of them. 
 On the contrary, he would derive to himfelf a Pleafure from 
 making the very meaneft of them happy, that moft exalted 
 Pleafure of acting as a Second to God. 
 
 Are
 
 C '5 ] 
 
 Are we not.warmed, my Brethren, by this ennobling View 
 of our Nature to extend our Companion and Beneficence 
 to the Creatures below us ? Let however the Bafenefs and! 
 Odioufnefs of treating them with Cruelty deter us from. 
 That. For when we are Cruel to them, when we caufe- 
 lefsly deftroy or unnecelTarily torment them, whom is it that 
 we refemble ? I need not tell you. Every one's own thought 
 muft immediately fuggeft to him that evil Being which 
 takes a Pleafure in the mifery of Man j that great Apoftate 
 from Goodnefs, who, being by Nature more powerful than 
 us, employs his Superiority in perverting and deftroying 
 us. Indeed a Lord of the Creation tyrannizing over the in- 
 feriour Animals bears fb near a refemblance to this grand 
 Enemy that it feems a thing to be wondered at how Peo- 
 ple of that Stamp dare pretend to doubt, as, among other 
 irreligious People, fome of them at times may be heard to 
 do, whether there is fuch a Being or not. God, it is wont 
 to be alledged by thefe Sceptics, is good, and therefore would 
 not probably admit a Being fo powerfully pernicious into 
 his Creation. But God hath admitted Them, Cruel as they 
 oftentimes prove to their own Species, as well as to inferiour 
 Animals 5 why then mould they doubt of the poffible Exif- 
 tence of Spirits of a yet higher Order who may take pleafure, 
 and be greatly inftrumental, in the Miferies of their inferi- 
 ors. The fame Reafon which they urge for the Exclufion 
 of thefe out of Being is, at leaft, as powerful for the Exclu- 
 fion of Themfelves ; and they have full as little room, upon 
 that account, to doubt of the Existence of a Devil as of their
 
 [ .6] 
 
 own. Indeed, to do them juftice in this cafe, they them- 
 felves are only Devils of inferiour Abilities. They exercifc 
 Cruelty over thofe whom God hath put into their Power, 
 and Satan himfelf does no more. 
 
 I have now held up to thofe who can delight themfelves 
 with tormenting the inferiour Creatures their true Picture. 
 Ought they not to be fhocked at it ? Muft they not flatty 
 give up all pretenfions to Reafon, if they can retain in their 
 Bofoms fo ftrong a likenefs to the moft execrable of Beings 
 
 without Horror? To fum up this Argument in a few 
 
 Words : If we are Compaffionate, and Beneficent to the 
 Creatures below us we immitate the good Being j if we are 
 Cruel and Unmerciful to them we refemble the evil One ; 
 and therefore, if we are wife, the Former of thefe kinds of 
 Behaviour will be our Choice, the Latter our Averfion : for 
 as from reflecting that we are like God we cannot but be 
 highly pleafed and fatisfied with ourfelves ; fo from per- 
 ceiving in our Characters the oppofite likenefs we become 
 juft Objects of Self-abhorrence and Deteftation. 
 
 Nor is the unmerciful Man here fpoken of liable to fufFer 
 thus, and in his own Efteem only, but in the Efteem too, 
 and that in many refpects, of every fenfible Perfon who knows 
 him ; barbarity to Brute Creatures being a thing not only 
 Criminal in itfelf, but ftrongly implying the Indulger in it, 
 if not actually guilty, yet dangeroufly ready for the Com- 
 miffion of many other Crimes. 
 
 For in the firfl Place it implies that he hath diverted him* 
 felf of that tender Affection of the Human Breaft which 
 
 is
 
 [ '7 ] 
 
 is Nature's chief guard in many Cafes againft the greateft 
 Enormities, I mean Pity ; Pity, which fo often befriends 
 the Needy, the Fatherlefs, and the Widow, when the Laws 
 are too weak or too expenfive for their Protection ; Pity, 
 which fo often guards the tendernefs of Infancy, and the 
 feeblenefs of old Age from the penurioufnefs of Friends, and 
 the fury of Enemies ; Pity, which frequently gives a check 
 to libidinous Defire, flops the Mouth of Infult, and feals up 
 the Lips of the Slanderer. Of this tender Affection of the 
 Soul, I fay, a cruel Behaviour to Brute Creatures implies a 
 Man diverted ; for concerning them it may be obferved not 
 only that they are formed very capable of acting upon it, but 
 likewife that they cannot eafily adminifler fuch ftrong Pro- 
 vocations to hard heartednefs as thofe of our own Species,; 
 and hence a wide Door for fufpicion is opened that if he is 
 not fo already, yet that upon Occasion he is prepared for 
 becoming, in many other refpects, a very wicked Man. 
 
 Moreover the cruel Tormenter of Brutes affords a ftrong 
 Intimation that if he flies not out into many other criminal 
 Exceffes, he is reftrained not fo much by Confcience as by 
 fome meaner Confideration. He does not murder or maim 
 his Neighbour. No : If he did the Laws of Man would 
 lay hold on him. But there is no Human Law againft 
 maiming or torturing away the Life of his Beaft; that 
 therefore he does without any appearance of Remorfe. The 
 Laws of God, however, and the Dictates of Nature, reclaim 
 very loudly from both thefe Sins j and though they differ, 
 
 C indeed
 
 C '] 
 
 indeed, in point of Heinoufnefs, yet they very ftrongly re- 
 iemble, and have a very clofe affinity with each other. 
 
 Now, after a Man hath given proof that he dares make 
 fuch bold Approaches to the moft horrid in the Catalogue 
 of Vices, may we not, without breach of Chanty, conclude 
 that he is prepared for the Commiffion of any of the meaner 
 Enormities ? Nay is there not Reafon to apprehend that, 
 might it be done with Impunity, he would venture even 
 upon the murder of one of his own Species. There have 
 been Tyrants v/ho, after their Advancement to Sovereignty, 
 have exercifed the mod atrocious Cruelty upon their Fellow- 
 creatures, which, whilft in fubjection to the Laws of their 
 Country, they were feen to exercife only on ignobler Ani- 
 mals. Now that Impunity for Bloodmed which Supreme 
 Power promifes to Tyrants, fecrefy in fome Cafes may pro- 
 mife to private People ; and many are the Emergencies in Life 
 which may be conceived powerful enough to move a Perfbn 
 who has no internal Reftraint upon his Actions to liften to 
 its Suggeftions. Such a one as we have been now defcribing 
 doth the mercilefs Tormenter of Brute Creatures by infe- 
 rence mew himfelf : The Tie both of Nature and of Con- 
 fciencc appears at leaft very loofe upon him : Is he not there- 
 fore in many Refpecls the juft Object of our Abhorrence ? 
 Shall we not, if we are wife, as much as poflible, avoid him? 
 Here it may be alledged that the Cruelties we are fpeaking 
 of are oftentimes committed by People unapprized that they 
 are Criminal, and who confequently fall not under the latter 
 part of this Cenfure. Be it fo yet flill even thefe people 
 
 from
 
 C 19] 
 
 from the former Principle alone appear fuch as every pru- 
 dent Perfon muft think very dangerous Aflbciates. And, in 
 further Proof of the juft Apprehenfion of Danger from fuch 
 Connexions, it may be added, that the Laws of our Country 
 have ordained that no Butcher fhall be permitted to fit in a 
 Jury on the Life of a Fellow-Subjet -, an eafy Inference 
 from which it is that if our Ligiflature hath affixed fuch an 
 Imputation of pronenefs to fhed Human Blood upon one 
 who is compelled to {laughter Brute Creatures for a fubfif- 
 tence, we may reafonably deem Him ftill more dangeroufly 
 prone to that Crime, who hath habituated himfelf to torture 
 them in his Fits of Anger or Peevimnefs, or perhaps cooly 
 for his Diverfion. 
 
 From what was juft now faid, another very ftrong Reafon 
 prefents itfelf to deter from Barbarity to the inferiour Animals. 
 It endangers the Life of him that pra&ifes it. The great 
 moral Painter of our time hath very forcibly exprefled this 
 Truth in a feries of Prints entitled by him, The Progrefs of 
 Cruelty j in which having reprefented a Youth advancing by 
 degrees to the higheft pitch of Cruelty, from the torturing 
 of Infe&s, Birds, and Beafts, to the murder of a poor Girl 
 who loves him, and who carries the Fruit of her Love for 
 him in her Womb j he exhibits the dead Body of the inhu- 
 man Wretch undergoing the laft infliction of the Law 
 amidft a Circle of Surgeons, who cut and mangle it with as 
 little appearance of Pity as He when alive was wont to mew 
 to all the different kinds of Creatures which were fo un- 
 happy as to fall into his Hands.--A moft mercilefs and 
 
 C 2 (hocking
 
 /hocking End it muft be confefTed, but altogether worthy 
 fo mockingly mercilefs a Life I 
 
 Now to endear to you directly from thefe Confiderations 
 the practice of Beneficence to Brute Creatures it needs only 
 be obferved that, if Cruelty to them throws on a Man's 
 general Character fueh odious Inlmuations, the oppofite Be- 
 haviour by the rule of Contraries, rnuft have- a tendency to 
 create in People a favourable Opinion of it ; It mufl have a 
 very ftrong tendency towards rendering him efteemed and 
 carefied, as the Friend and Benefactor of Mankind. Nor, 
 indeed, is it well poffible that fuch a one mould not be truly 
 worthy of that God-like Character. For how can his Bo- 
 fom avoid glowing with Benevolence for the Human Species 
 who was never obferved cold to the Welfare of ignobler 
 Animals ? How can the Hand of that Man remain (hut to 
 the Neceffities or Comforts of Creatures like himfelf which 
 hath been habitually open to the Relief of Thofe of far dif- 
 ferent Natures ? Both Hiftory and modern Life afford many 
 Inftances to confirm our Reafoning upon this Point; for 
 they both afford many Inftances of People, who having (hewn 
 themfelves attentive to the Happinefs of the Brute Creation > 
 have very remarkably diftinguifhed themfelves as Friends and 
 Benefactors to Mankind ; and, by the way, not one Inftance, 
 at leaft not one that I can recoiled, of a Perfon who, having 
 fignalized himfelf by the Former of thofe kinds of Charity, was 
 not very eminently amiable for the Latter alfo. But I fhall not 
 detain you by Quotations from Hiftory to this purpofe;. and 
 as for modern Life let it fuffrce to remind you of that late 
 
 truly
 
 [ 21 ] 
 
 f truly Great as Beneficent Perfonage, who was for many 
 Years the Ornament and Happinefs of This Neighbourhood, 
 of whofe exquifite Charity to thofe of the Human Kind, as 
 you have many furviving WitnefTes, fo may you every Day 
 behold Inftances of his moft amiable Tendernefs for the 
 inferiour Creatures. * 
 
 It is impofilble for me now to offer any Thing more 
 powerful than hath been urged already to incline you to 
 Clemency to the lower kinds of Animals. There is, however, 
 one Coniideration more to recommend it from, which, as it 
 hath an efpecial reference to that particular fort of Cruelty 
 which was my principal motive to the making Choice of this 
 Subject, demands yet to be infilled on ; and that is the Ho- 
 nour of our Country, 
 
 JLngliJh Men are very fond of being thought fuperiour to 
 thofe of other Nations in that moft amiable Quality which is 
 diftinguifhed among them by the Name of Good-nature ; 
 a Name which, together with other Things, they are wont 
 to urge in proof of the juftnefs of their Pretenfion in this 
 refpecT;; no other Language, itfeems, having a Word which 
 places that Quality in a light fo amiable. Our Neighbours 
 however are fo far from allowing us any ftiperiority to them 
 in this Article, that, on the contrary, they charge us with 
 
 * The Duke of Moniague^ whofe favourite Country Refidence was in a 
 Parifh adjoining to that in which this Sermon was preached; where are 
 flill to be feen Horfes once ferviceahle to him, enjoying, through his indul- 
 gence, the Failures of their old Mafter, with, an Immunity from aJl Ea- 
 bor. 
 
 a
 
 . 22] 
 
 a more than ordinary Fiercenefs and Malignity 
 and to fupport this Charge allege the frequent Reprefenta- 
 tions of Murder in our Theatres, the many Civil Wars that 
 have raged amongft us, and fome other Appearances of want 
 of Tendernefs for our own Species. Now whether thefc 
 Imputations may have ftrength or not to juftify their Accu* 
 iation I {hall not ftay to enquire: But I believe they have 
 not : Indeed, to cut this matter fhort, I believe that was the 
 Behaviour of the fuperiour Ranks of People among us alone 
 to be confidered our Pretenfton to the Excellency above 
 fpoken of would appear not ill-founded j and whoever mall 
 call to mind the many public Hofpitals in being amongft 
 us, particularly the Foundling Hofpital, the Magdalen Hof- 
 pital, the many County Hofpitals, and the noble Charities of 
 various other kinds, fupported likethofeby Contributions from 
 multitudes of the wealthier People, in all the different parts 
 of our Kingdom, will probably acknowledge that this is not 
 faid without Reafon. But furely Barbarity to Brute Creatures, 
 which Foreigners moreover object to us, cannot well be 
 thought confiftent with that amiable Character after which 
 we afpire, and with this it muft be confefTed that the lower 
 Orders of our Countrymen, in Men of which Orders it hath 
 been thought that the Genius of a Nation is bed feen, are 
 to an extraordinary degree chargeable j a great part of their 
 public Diverfions confuting in fetting Animals upon worrying 
 and goring, and rending each other, or in torturing them 
 to Death with their own Hands, and there being hardly any 
 one kind of Beafts, Birds, or the larger forts of Infedls pretty 
 
 common
 
 common amongft us, which is not wont to be tormented by 
 them in the way of Entertainment. * Yes, my Brethren, 
 
 with 
 
 * The great frequency of thefe kinds of Cruelty amongft us is pro- 
 bably owing to an Opinion in the Multitude that they are not Criminal ; 
 and this Opinion feems to proceed from a neglect in our Clergy of fre- 
 quently enough reprefenting, and infifting on them, as fuch. The genera- 
 lity of Mankind give themfelves little or no trouble in reflecting on the 
 real Goodnefs and Depravity of their Actions, but take for granted what- 
 ever their profefled Guides in religious Matters have been wont to inculcate 
 to that purpofe. In the Greek Church there are fome People who think. 
 it Damnable to join the Fore-finger to the Thumb in the Act of Crofting- 
 themfelves, and others who hold it no lefs a Bar to eternal Happinefs to 
 make the like Application of the Ring-finger in the performance of that 
 Ceremony j for thus both thefe different forts of Religionifts have been 
 taught to believe by their refpective Jnftructors ; and hence in Rujfia t 
 tinder the Reign of Peter the Great, who, among his other Great Defigns, 
 had, it feems, an Ambition to introduce an Uniformity throughout his 
 Dominions in the Exercife of this Manual Act of Devotion, many of his 
 Subjects, I have been told, chofe rather to lofe their Lives by the fevereft 
 Tortures, than aflbciate their Fore-fingers with their Thumbs in pointing 
 at their Faces and Bofoms, as the mighty Monarch directed them. Now 
 if fuch Whimfies as thefe can upon the Authority of Religious Teachers 
 be generally entertained for Things odious or well-pleafing to the Divine 
 Being, furely a Doctrine which has its Foundation in Nature as well as 
 in the Gofpel, could not fail of being univerfally adopted by us, if the 
 Perfons fet apart for the preaching of the Gofpel were at frequent Pains 
 to aflert and enforce it. And, agreeably to what hath been faid, it may 
 be obferved that feldom, very feldom, it happens that one hears Difcourfes 
 from the Pulpit on the Duty implied in our Text. Our Divines feem. 
 almoft with one confent to have given up that Subject to thofe who 
 are diftinguimed by the Title of Polite Writers, many of whom, it mu(t 
 be confefTed, have laboured on it in a manner which does them great Ho- 
 nour, and indeed not without fome Succefs. But the Compositions of 
 thefe Gentlemen cannot be fuppofed known to thofe kinds of. People who 
 
 ftand
 
 with this Species of Barbarity the lower orders of People 
 among us are eminently reproachable, and while they con- 
 tinue 
 
 ftand moft in need of Information on this Article ; nor indeed do they, ge 
 nerally fpeaking, fall under the perufal of the better forts of Readers till they 
 are paft that Age on which Religious Inftru&ion is wont to make the moft 
 effe&ual Impreffionsj and, befides, they muft all want that Authority which, 
 in the fenfe of young Minds at leaft, the Pulpit never fails of conferring 
 upon its Doctrines; 
 
 With a View therefore to the remedying of this Defect I have often 
 wifhed that fome Perfon, whom Providence hath bleffed with Riches, and 
 with a Heart to make a charitable ufe of them, would found an Annual 
 LeElitre on the Duty and Ufefulnefs of Clemency to Brute Creatures, and 
 endow it with a handfome Salary, to which the Preacher fhould be entitled 
 upon his publiftiing a certain number of Copies of his Sermon within a 
 limited time, and not otherwife. I have propofed the annexing of a 
 handfome Salary to this Lecture, in order to render the preaching it al- 
 ways defireable by a Divine of fome Eminence, and, that fuch an one may 
 be the more readily procured, I could wifli it eftablifhed in fome very con- 
 fiderable Market-town, or City. The moft proper Time for the deliver- 
 ing it feems to be the Morning of the Shrove-Tuefday. One good Effect 
 would almoft unavoidably accrue from fuch an Inftitution, the Supprelfion 
 of Throwing at Cocks in the Town or City, where it fhould be eftablimed: 
 For even this Sermon, preached feveral Years fince, continues to have its 
 defired Influence on a pretty populous, and no very governable, Parifh. 
 Nor is it to be feared, that from repeated Publications of Difcourfes upon 
 this Subject, jt would not find a way into many other Pulpits ; nay it is 
 not to be defpaired that it would in time among our Sacred Orators become 
 a fafhionable one. The Subjects conftantly treated of in Boy/is Lectures 
 have, it is not to be doubted, in confequence of thefe Lectures, been the 
 oftener treated of in a thoufand Churches. Befides, there is Reafon to be- 
 lieve, as well from fome few Experiments made to that purpofe, as from 
 the nature of the thing itfelf, that the generality of Chriftians would attend 
 with Pleafure to Difcourfes on the moft Chriftian Virtue in its greateft La- 
 titude i which, together with the great Benefits that may accrue to Man- 
 kind
 
 - 
 
 [ 25 ] 
 
 tinue fo it will remain an infuperable Obftacle to our obtaining 
 that high Character among the Nations for Humanity, of 
 which we are ambitious ; a Character which could we attain, 
 to it, as it would render the Name of EngUfiman the moft 
 amiable on the Globe, what an Enemy muft He be to his 
 Country who contributes by his Behaviour to the fixing of 
 that Obftacle ? Could we once remove it, little or nothing 
 could then appear wanting for the rendering us worthy of 
 that glorious Character. Do you therefore to whom Pro- 
 vidence hath affigned the lower ftations in Life amongft us 
 learn to attender your Hearts toward the Creatures inferir 
 our to you by Nature, as the Hearts of your Superiors in 
 point of Fortune are feen already attendered toward you, 
 and bid fair for ennobling yourfelves by the Participation of 
 
 kind from the Pra&ice of it, can, when the matter conies well to be con- 
 fidered, hardly fail, one might think, of bringing the Recommendation 
 of it from the Pulpit into fafhionable ufe. Now fhould this happen to 
 prove the Cafe what a Pleafure muft it be to the Founder of fuch a Charity 
 to reflect that he was the Perfon chofen out by that Being, who delights in 
 working Good out of Evil, for his principal Inftrument in rendering a Cuf- 
 tom for many Ages tormenting and deftru&ive to one Species of the infe- 
 liour Animals, the means of contributing to the well-being of all the va- 
 rious kinds of them ! What an Excefs of Pleafure muft it afford him to 
 reflect that thereby too he hath been made the Inftrument of much Hap- 
 pinefs to the Human Species, with the Thought of which likewife, from 
 what was faid above, it appears, he might with great Reafon felicitate him- 
 felf ! 
 
 I (hall make no other Apology for the Liberty taken in this Note, and 
 for the extraordinary Length of it, than to fay, that the prefent Age is 
 an Age of Charity, and that if it was in my power to found the Lecture 
 therein recommended, the whole Note (hould have been omitted, 
 
 D a
 
 [ 26] 
 
 a Title the rnoft definable with which Men can be graced 5 
 a Title which will do you Honour not in a few neighbouring 
 Kingdoms only, but throughout the whole commercial 
 World. 
 
 It would be tedious, and perhaps beneath the Dignity of 
 this Place to fpeak diftinctly againft all the various kinds of 
 Cruelty above hinted at, and, befides, fome of them we 
 have in common with the People of other Countries, that 
 therefore I have not attempted j but there is one kind of 
 them fo extraordinarily Shocking, and fo peculiarly Engtifi, 
 that it is in a very high Degree fbameful to us, and cries 
 aloud for particular Reprehenfion. It is our Cruelty to 
 Cocks upon Sbrove-T'uefdays. Give me now leave, my 
 Countrymen, to enlarge upon the manifold Odioufnefs of 
 this bloody Cuftom, and to endeavour to fill you with 
 Abhorrence of it. 
 
 No other Nation under Heaven, I believe, praclifes it 
 but our own ; and whence it had its Rrfe among us I could 
 never yet learn to my Satisfaction i But the common Ac- 
 count of it is v that the Crowing of a Cock prevented our 
 Saxon Anceftors from maflacring their Conquerors, another 
 part of our Anceftors, the Danes< y on the Morning of a 
 Sbrove-Tucfday, whilft afleep in their Beds. Now, if this 
 Account of the Rife of it be true, very little Reafon have 
 we to perpetuate the Cuftom ; for many of us, in all pro- 
 bability, owe our Beings to the Prevention of that MafTacre i 
 and for others it can only ferve to (hew that they are the 
 Cruel and Cowardly Offspring of as Cruel and Cowardly 
 
 an
 
 [ 27 ] 
 
 an Anceftry : Cowardly Offspring I fay, Tor Cruelty is ge- 
 nerally underftood to imply Cowardice j and how very great 
 the Cruelty we are now fpeaking of is, You who have feen 
 the heavy Blows given to one of thofe poor Animals at the 
 Stake of Torture, and heard his piercing Screams ; who 
 have feen his violent, but vain, Struggles to get loofe ; feen 
 his Toes battered ; his Wings flagged, perhaps broken j his 
 Beak dropping Gore ; and his Body by (low degrees finking 
 through bitter Anguifh to the Ground ; ye, I fay, who have 
 been prefent at fuch a Spectacle, and mod of you I believe 
 have, how very great the Cruelty we are fpeaking of is need 
 not now to be informed. Surely Treatment like this of a 
 weak defencelefs Animal, an Animal, however, brave by 
 Nature, and courageous even to Death againft his Equal, 
 favours much of that bafe Quality which tempted our Saxon 
 Fore-fathers to fteal filently to the Chambers of their victo- 
 rious Enemies, and murder them deeping in their Beds. 
 
 Nor is Cowardice the only ill Quality with which our 
 National Abufe of this Creature infinuates us chargeable. 
 Was it a Bird of Rapine ; had we been hurt, or feared we 
 the being hurt by it ; even to fuch a one, fuch Cruelty would 
 defervedly expofe us to that Cenfure : But to exercife it on one 
 of our own Domeftics, a poor Creature that from the Violence 
 of others flies ftill for Protection to our Roofs, a Creature too 
 which God hath formed more univerfally ufeful to Man than 
 any other of the whole feathered Race, and fuch is the Crea- 
 ture upon whom we exercife it argues us moreover Inhofpita- 
 ble, Ungrateful, and, if not flupidly Inconfiderate, audacioufly 
 Impious. D 2 If
 
 t 
 
 If therefore, my Brethren, you have any regard for the 
 Character of your Nation, be particularly zealous in en- 
 deavouring to put an end to this more than barbarous Cuf- 
 tom, Neither practife it yourfelves, nor permit any under 
 your Influence to practife it. Forbid it, ye Parents : For- 
 bid it, ye Matters, ye Officers of the Public fupprefs it. 
 Is not the Love of your Country ftrong enough to impel 
 you to this ? Then let me prefs you to it from more felfifli 
 Confiderations. 
 
 Confider that this bloody Cuflom is detefted and abhorred 
 by moft of the better forts of People among ourfelves, and 
 looked upon as the Entertainment of the Bafe and Ignorant 
 only; and why mould any Man choofe to be reckoned 
 among the Dregs of his Country ? 
 
 Confider the mocking Abufe of Time in fuch Entertain- 
 ments, an Abufe by fo much the more mocking as it is 
 fhewn in Tormenting that very Creature which feems by 
 Nature intended for our Remembrancer to improve itj the 
 Creature whofe Voice, like a Trumpet, fummoneth Man 
 forth to his Labor in the Morning, and admonimeth him 
 of the Flight of his moft precious Hours throughout the Day. 
 
 Confider that Mifchiefs frequently happen to the Specta- 
 tors of this tumultuous Diverfion, from the Mif-direclion or 
 Rebound of the Inftrument of Cruelty which the World, 
 and the Sufferers own Confciences, are wont to upbraid 
 them with v "as"fo many juft Judgments from the Hand of 
 Providence. Particularly let Parents confider this who are 
 at Expence to enable their Children to aft as Principals on 
 
 thefe
 
 [ 29] 
 
 thefe Occafions, and let them reflect upon that bitter Anguidi 
 which they mufl undergo fhould a Child lofe an Eye or a 
 Limb by their Criminal Indulgence. 
 
 Let fuch Parents moreover confider that they encourage 
 in their Children a Habit of Gaming, which may end in 
 Poverty -, and at the fame time a Habit of Cruelty, which, 
 as we have fhewn before, may end in Murder j And let 
 them yet further confider that Oaths, Curfes, and Blafphe- 
 mies, make up a great part of the Language in thefe Scenes 
 of Cruelty, and confequently that, by interefting their little 
 Ones in fuch Scenes, they make a dangerous Advance to- 
 wards hardening them in Impiety. 
 
 Let thofe Officers to whom the Peace of the Public is 
 entrufted confider that, if they employ not their Authority 
 in difperfing fuch diforderly Meetings, they do not their 
 Duty j that from the Streets of our Metropolis, by the Vi- 
 gilance and Activity of its Magiftrates, this deteflable Abufe 
 of Cocks is already banimed ; and that therefore it is not a 
 Thing too mean for them to Attempt, nor too difficult to be 
 Effected in the Country. 
 
 As Chriftians let me defire you All to confider the Idea 
 which Chrift himfelf has given us of Nature's great Tender- 
 nefs in regard to this Animal ; " O Jerufalem, Jerufakm, 
 fays He, " how often would I have gathered thy Children 
 " together, even as a Hen gathereth her Chickens under 
 " her Wings !" As Chriftians, I fay, confider this Idea, fug- 
 gefted by our Divine Mafter, of the great Tendernefs of 
 Nature towards this Animal, and then judge whether the 
 
 Annual
 
 [so 3 
 
 Annual Treatment of it in which we indulge ourfelves muft 
 not be highly Sinful. Nature at its entrance into Life. 
 works fo affectionately towards it, that the blefled jfefus 
 could not find in the whole Creation a more tender Imago 
 by which to exprefs his own Benevolence for the Jews ; and 
 \v, after it is grown to Perfection, derive a national Pleafuro 
 from deftroying it with long and bitter Torments. 
 
 As Chriftians moreover confider how very ill the Paftimc 
 we are diffuading from agrees with the Seafon, and of how 
 much more fuitable an ufe the Victims of that Paftime 
 might be made to us. On the Day following its tumultuous 
 and bloody Anniverfary our Church enters upon a long 
 courfe of Humiliation and Fafting 5 and furely an Eve of 
 Riot and Carnage is a moft unfit Preparation for fuch a 
 Courfe. Surely it would be infinitely more becoming us 
 to make the fame ufe of the Cock at this Seafon which 
 Saint Peter once made of it. Having denied his Mafler, 
 when it Crew he wept. We too by our wicked Lives have 
 All of us denied the fame, our Matter, Jefus Chrift the 
 Righteous j were the Scriptures therefore fo much in our 
 Minds as they ought to be, the Bird which rouzed Saint Peter 
 to Repentance would upon this Occafion be confidered as an 
 Alarm to ourfelves. The Apoftle's Tears, and Re-accep- 
 tance in confequence of them, would, upon its Crowing, 
 rufh inftantly into our Remembrance, and quicken in us 
 thofe Pangs of Holy Sorrow without which we profefs to 
 hope not the Forgivenefs of our Sins. How very abfurd is it 
 
 to
 
 to add ilill to the Number of our Sins, by abuiing and tor- 
 turing this friendly Monitor ! 
 
 Laftly, let me defire you to recoiled what was faid in 
 the preceding Parts of this Difcourfe concerning Compafllon 
 and Beneficence toward Animals in general, and to apply 
 it to this particular Occafion ; And above all Things let me 
 defire you to remember that to exercife the Tendernefs there 
 fpoken of is your Duty both as you are Men, and as you 
 are Chriftians j and confequently that by offending againft it 
 you forfeit the Favour of that Being who can make you 
 Happy or Miferable to all Eternity. 
 
 May the Almighty, and moft gracious God, in whofe 
 Hand are the Hearts of Men, and whofe tender Mercy is 
 over all his Works > He who appointed the Rainbow as a 
 Token of his Compafllon to every living Creature upon the 
 Earth : He who in his Forbearance of Ninfaeb exprefTed a 
 tender Concern even for the Cattle j may He give a Blefling 
 to what hath been now urged in Favour of his poor Crea- 
 tures, to the Benefit of your Souls, and to the Praife of his 
 moft Holy Name, to which be afcribed all Glory and. 
 Honour Now and for Ever. 
 
 F I N I S.
 
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