UC-NRLF 
 
 *C 37 ES3 
 
 STATUE 
 
 HON. JOHN JAMES INGALLS 
 
 > IN STATUARY HALL 
 CAPITOL BUILDING 
 
 PROCEEDINGS IN THE SENATE AND HOUSE 
 REPRESENTATIVES ON THE OCCASION 
 VHE RECEPTION AND ACCEPTANCE OF 
 
 THE STATUE FROM IHE STATE OF KANSAS 
 
Statue 
 
 o/ 
 
 Hon. John James Ingalls 
 
 Erected in .Statuary Hall of the 
 Capitol Building at Washington 
 
 Proceedings in the Senate and House 
 of Representatives on the Occasion of 
 the Reception and Acceptance of the 
 Statue from the State of Kansas : : : 
 
 Compiled under the direction of 
 The Joint Committee on Printing 
 
 Washington 
 
 Government Printing Office 
 1905 
 
Vi^vo 
 
 \ 
 
 Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring}, 
 That there be printed and bound in one volume the proceedings in 
 Congress upon the acceptance of the statue of the late JOHN JAMES 
 INGA 1,1,8 sixteen thousand five hundred copies, of which five thousand 
 shall be for the use of the Senate, ten thousand for the use of the 
 House of Representatives, and the remaining one thousand five hundred 
 shall be for use and distribution by the governor of Kansas; and the 
 Secretary of the Treasury is hereby directed to have printed an engraving 
 of said statue to accompany said proceedings, said engraving to be paid 
 for out of the appropriation for the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. 
 
 Passed the Senate January 27, 1905. 
 . P a.sSed the House of Representatives February 9, 1905. 
 
TABLE OF CONTEXTS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Resolution providing for printing 5 
 
 Proceedings in the Senate 5 
 
 Address of Mr. Long, of Kansas 7 
 
 Address of Mr. Allison, of Iowa 14 
 
 Address of Mr. Cockrell, of Missouri 23 
 
 Address of Mr. Platt, of Connecticut 2,S 
 
 Address of Mr. Gorman, of Maryland 34 
 
 Address of Mr. Spooner, of Wisconsin 36 
 
 Address of Mr. Daniel, of Virginia , 41 
 
 Proceedings in the House of Representatives 51 
 
 Address of Mr. Curtis, of Kansas 53 
 
 Address of Mr. Clark, of Missouri 62 
 
 Address of Mr. Gibson, of Tennessee 69 
 
 Address of Mr. Bowersock, of Kansas 75 
 
 Address of Mr. Wiley, of Alabama 78 
 
 Address of Mr. Hamilton, of Michigan 87 
 
 Address of Mr. Scott, of Kansas 93 
 
 Address of Mr. Campbell, of Kansas 102 
 
 Address of Mr. Miller, of Kansas 105 
 
 Address of Mr. Calderhead, of Kansas 1 16 
 
 Address of Mr. Murdock, of Kansas 124 
 
ACCEPTANCE 
 
 OF 
 
 STATUE OF JOHN JAMES INGALLS 
 
 & 
 
 Proceedings in the Senate 
 & 
 
 DECEMBER 13, 1904. 
 
 Mr. Long submitted the following resolution ; which 
 was considered by unanimous consent, and agreed to : 
 
 Resolved, That exercises appropriate to the reception and acceptance 
 from the State of Kansas of the statue of JOHN JAMKS Ixr.ALi.s, erected 
 in Statuary Hall in the Capitol, be made the special order for Saturday, 
 January 21, 1905, after the conclusion of the routine morning business. 
 
 JANUARY 21, 1905. 
 
 The PRESIDENT pro tempore. By a resolution of the 
 Senate exercises appropriate to the reception and accept 
 ance of the statue of JOHN J. INGAU.S were assigned to 
 take place immediately after the completion of the routine 
 business to-day. The routine business is completed. 
 
 Mr. LONG. Mr. President, I request that the following 
 letter from the governor of Kansas may be read. 
 
 The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Kan 
 sas asks that a letter from the governor of Kansas may be 
 read. The Chair hears no objection, and it will be read. 
 
 5 
 
6 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 The Secretary read as follows : 
 
 STATE OF KANSAS, EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, 
 
 Topek a, January 77, 7905. 
 To the Senate and House of Representatives, Washington, D. C.: 
 
 Among the many distinguished men whose fame has honored the State 
 of Kansas, the life of no one has added greater luster to its history than 
 the life of JOHN JAMES INGALLS. His name is indelibly inscribed upon 
 the most brilliant pages of the State s history. Grateful for his eminent 
 services and proud of his great achievements, the State legislature two years 
 ago made an appropriation for the purchase of a suitable statue as a tribute 
 to his memory, to be reared in Statuary Hall, where Congress conferred 
 upon his people the rare honor of providing a place for it. This beautiful 
 and precious piece of statuary is now read}" for formal acceptance by the 
 Government, and in behalf of the legislature of Kansas and of the people 
 they and I represent, I have the great honor and pleasure of presenting it 
 to the people of the United States and their representatives in Congress 
 assembled. 
 
 [SEAL.] K. \V. HOCH, Governor. 
 
 Mr. LONG. Mr. President, I submit the following con 
 current resolution. 
 
 The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Kansas 
 offers a concurrent resolution, which will be read. 
 
 The Secretary read the concurrent resolution, as follows : 
 
 Resolved by the Senate (tlie House of Representatives concurring}, That 
 the statue of JOHN J. IXGAI.LS, presented by the State of Kansas to be 
 placed in Statuary Hall, is accepted in the name of the United States, and 
 that the thanks of Congress be tendered the State for the contribution of 
 the statue of one of its most eminent citizens, illustrious for his distin 
 guished civic services. 
 
 Second. That a copy of these resolutions, suitably engrossed and duly 
 authenticated, be transmitted to the governor of the State of Kansas. 
 
Jo/in James Ingalls. 
 
 Address of Mr. Long, of Kansas 
 
 Mr. PRESIDENT: Twenty-seven years ago, in an address 
 delivered at the dedication of a monument to John Brown, 
 JOHN J. INGALLS said: 
 
 The old Hall of the House of Representatives in the Capitol at Wash 
 ington, which is consecrated by the genius, the wisdom, and the patriot 
 ism of the statesmen of the first century of American history, has been 
 designated by Congress as a national gallery of statuary, to which each 
 State is invited to contribute two bronze or marble statues of her citi/ens 
 illustrious for their historic renown or for distinguished civic and military 
 services. It will be long before this silent congregation is complete. 
 With tardy footsteps they slowly ascend their pedestals; voiceless orators, 
 whose stony eloquence will salute and inspire the generations of freemen 
 to come; bronze warriors, whose unsheathed swords seem yet to direct 
 the onset, and whose command will pass from century to century, inspir 
 ing an unbroken line of heroes to guard with ceaseless care the heritage 
 their valor won. 
 
 He then urged the people of Kansas to place the statue 
 of John Brown in Statuary Hall. This suggestion was 
 never adopted, but instead the State has just made its first 
 contribution to the Hall in the statue of JOHN J. INGAU.S. 
 
 One week from to-morrow Kansas will have been a State 
 forty-four years. During that time, and in the stormy 
 period preceding its admission, many illustrious and patri 
 otic citizens did service for the State and the nation. Main- 
 deserve this recognition, which only a State can give, but 
 it is a significant fact that while the names of other citi/ens 
 have been mentioned as entitled to this honor, yet within 
 three years from his death the legislature authorized his 
 statue to be procured and placed in Statuary Hall. Why 
 
8 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 was this done so quickly when his own suggestion to place 
 John Brown there had not been approved? He served in 
 this Chamber eighteen years from March 4, 1873, to March 
 4, 1891. His election to the Senate was unexpected. " Op 
 portunity " knocked at his gate, and he was made a candi 
 date in a night. He was elected the next day. His reten 
 tion here, however, was not by chance, but was due to the 
 pride of the State in its being the fortunate possessor of a 
 Senator who could always command the attention of the 
 nation. 
 
 His service prior to his election was creditable, but not 
 conspicuous, and his work after he left the Senate added 
 only to his literary fame. It was what he did here which 
 fixed his place in history and caused the people of Kansas 
 to proceed with pardonable alacrity to select him as the 
 State s first representative in Statuary Hall. 
 
 He was the greatest orator our State has produced. 
 While he lived he was our most noted citizen. In liter 
 ature he had no peer in the .State and but few in the 
 country. His career in the Senate was longer than that 
 of any other Senator from Kansas. 
 
 He was President pro tempore of the Senate for 7 several 
 years, and the late Senator Hoar said that he was the 
 best presiding officer he had ever known for conducting 
 the business of the Senate. 
 
 There are now only eighteen Senators__ who served with 
 Senator IXGALLS. They can speak of the worth of his 
 services and what he did here which deserves remem 
 brance. I observed him from the State, and learned to 
 know and to admire him before I ever saw his face. 
 
John James Ingalls. 9 
 
 In the discussion of questions growing out of the 
 rebellion war and in the personal debates he was always 
 heard with pleasure by the Senate and by listening 
 galleries, to the great delight of his constituents and 
 friends at home. Those who served with him know his 
 powers of invective and his skill in debate. 
 
 In the zenith of his fame he never wanted for an 
 audience, either on this floor or in the galleries. The 
 House of Representatives was often left without a quorum 
 and this Chamber was filled to overflowing by its Members 
 who wished to hear what he had to say. They were 
 never disappointed, for he was always interesting and 
 entertaining in public and private speech. 
 
 And then the end came. Kansas had been very pros 
 perous, and speculation was rife throughout the State. 
 Railroads had been built where there was no traffic, and 
 towns had been laid out where there were no people. The 
 farm was mortgaged for more than its value. Everybody 
 was in debt. When pay day came the crops had failed. 
 There was nothing with which to meet the obligations. 
 Discontent took the place of contentment. When failures 
 come we always endeavor to fix the responsibility on some 
 one other than ourselves. The farmers organized, and in 
 Kansas the fanners control the State when they wish to 
 do so. They decided that there was something wrong in 
 Washington and that legislation had been enacted which 
 was against their interests. They believed that crimes had 
 been committed here, and, as INGALLS was Senator when 
 they were done, he was held responsible. He desired 
 reelection. The time was ripe for revolt. The cry was 
 
io Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 raised, "What has INGALLS done for Kansas?" It was 
 difficult to say, except that he had always successfully 
 defended the State and its people against all attacks made 
 here or elsewhere. He had always spoken and voted 
 for all laws which had been passed for the benefit of 
 ex-Union soldiers. He had charmed and entranced audi 
 ences with his impressive language and forceful ora 
 tory. He had assisted in the settlement of many great 
 questions, but in finance and the tariff he had not been 
 conspicuous. When these questions were up in the Senate 
 he was usually silent, and those questions were paramount 
 in the State at that time. A victim was desired ; a sacrifice 
 was demanded. He was in the pathway of the cyclone and 
 was swept before it. When the election was over it wrs 
 known that his party did not have a majority in the joint 
 assembly. It was hoped, however, that many of his old 
 friends and supporters who had acted with the new party 
 which had been organized would relent at the last moment 
 and assist in returning him to the Senate. For this reason 
 hope was not entirely abandoned, and it was believed that 
 in the joint assembly there might yet be a chance for his 
 reelection. 
 
 I was a member of the State senate and voted for him in 
 caucus and in the joint assembly. I was intensely inter 
 ested in his success and greatly disturbed at his probable 
 defeat. Hope was not finally abandoned until the vote was 
 taken. I was in his room at a hotel in Topeka when it 
 was all over and another had been elected. He undoubt 
 edly felt keenly the loss of a seat in this body, but he 
 maintained a resolute and confident demeanor, which did 
 
John James Ingalls, II 
 
 not in the least show regret or despondency. We all knew 
 how much he thought of the Senate of the United States 
 and how highly he prized his membership in it. He often 
 said that no other post in the Government compared in 
 power and dignity with a seat in the Senate. No other 
 position could have lured him from this body, which 1 it- 
 loved so well. He believed that a Senator of the United 
 vStates held a more desirable position than any other official. 
 So it was that when his fame was greatest and his position 
 seemingly most secure the end came and he retired to pri 
 vate life. His friends and supporters all knew that he 
 looked forward to the time when he might again occupy a 
 seat jn this Chamber, but he made but one effort to secure 
 it, and when that campaign ended in the defeat of his party 
 he gave up all hope of again entering the public service. 
 
 I shall never forget the last time I heard him speak. It 
 was near the little town of Halstead, Kansas, at an open-air 
 political meeting. The rain fell continuously during his 
 address. He was partially protected by a canvas, while his 
 audience sat with raised umbrellas, which almost hid their 
 faces from the speaker. These uncomfortable surround 
 ings did not seem to disturb him in the least. He spoke 
 with the same fascination of manner and elegance of 
 diction that had so often charmed audiences in this 
 Chamber. 
 
 During the last years of his life no other speaker could 
 draw audiences so large or entertain them so well as 
 JOHN J. INGALLS. 
 
 It was in those days of retirement that he did a thing 
 which, alone, would give him fame as long as the English 
 
12 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 tongue is spoken, even though lie had never made a speech 
 or written another line during his entire lifetime. He 
 wrote 
 
 OPPORTUNITY 
 
 Master of human destinies am I! 
 
 Fame, love, and fortune on my footsteps wait. 
 
 Cities and fields I walk; I penetrate 
 
 Deserts and seas remote, and passing by 
 
 Hovel and mart and palace, soon or late 
 
 I knock unbidden once at every gate! 
 
 If sleeping, wake; if feasting, rise before 
 
 I turn away. It is the hour of fate, 
 
 And they who follow me reach every state 
 
 Mortals desire, and conquer every foe 
 
 Save death; but those who doubt or hesitate, 
 
 Condemned to failure, penury, and woe, 
 
 Seek me in vain and uselessly implore. 
 
 I answer not, and I return no more! 
 
 But as the political end had come, so at last came the 
 end of life. For several years his health had been failing, 
 and under the advice of his physicians he left his home in 
 Kansas and went to the mountains of New Mexico, hoping 
 there to find relief from the fatal disease. It was not so to 
 be, and on August 16, 1900, with only his faithful wife by 
 his bedside, he breathed his last and went to the undis 
 covered country. 
 
 And then, as if in some measure to atone for the injustice 
 they had done him, the people of Kansas provided that his 
 marble statue should stand forever in the hall near this 
 Chamber in w r hich his great work was done. Past political 
 affiliations were forgotten when the resolution was passed. 
 In the legislature were some who had belonged to the party 
 which was organized to retire him from public life. They 
 joined his old friends and supporters in preserving his 
 
John James Ingalls. 13 
 
 stately and imposing figure in the Capitol of the nation, 
 and to-day Kansas will be gratified to know that while the 
 voice of JOHN J. Ixr.AU.s will be heard no more, yet, in 
 cold marble, but in striking and perfect likeness, he has 
 ascended his pedestal in the old Hall of the House of 
 Representatives, there to remain for all future time as a 
 worthy and fitting contribution to that historic assemblage. 
 
14 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 Address of Mr. Allison, of Iowa 
 
 Mr. PRESIDENT: These proceedings involve the presen 
 tation by the State of Kansas to the United States of a 
 marble statue of the late JOHN JAMES INGALLS, a citizen 
 of that State. They also involve the formal acceptance 
 of that statue by the Congress of the United States, in 
 pursuance of provisions of the Revised Statutes, derived 
 from a law approved July 2, 1864. 
 
 At the time of the passage of that act the work on 
 the present Capitol building was nearing completion, it 
 having continued without interruption during the stress 
 and strain of the civil war. The new Hall of the House 
 of Representatives was then occupied, having been com 
 pleted some years before. The old Hall was therefore no 
 longer needed for, nor was it adapted to, legislative 
 purposes. 
 
 Various projects were suggested for the utilization of 
 the old Hall thus vacated, when the late Senator Morrill, 
 of Vermont, then a distinguished Member of the other 
 House, presented a plan for its use which, with some 
 modifications, was finally agreed to, and is now embodied 
 in section 1814 of the Revised Statutes, as follows: 
 
 The President is authorized to invite all the States to provide and 
 furnish statues, in marble or bronze, not exceeding two in number for 
 each State, of deceased persons who have been citizens thereof and 
 illustrious for their historic renown or for distinguished civic or military 
 services, such as each State may deem to be worthy of this national com- 
 
John James Ingalls. 15 
 
 memoration; and when so furnished the same shall be placed in the old 
 Hall of the House of Representatives, in the Capitol of the United States, 
 which is set ajiart, or so much thereof as may he necessary, as a national 
 Statuary Hall for the puqx>se herein indicated. 
 
 Mr. Morrill gave various reasons why this Hall should be 
 thus dedicated, but as the primal reason that " it afforded 
 an opportunity to all the States of the Union to select from 
 their citizens the most distinguished iu the service of their 
 State or of the nation." 
 
 After the passage of the law the Hall was prepared for 
 the reception of such statues, and from that time until the 
 present it has been dedicated wholly to that purpose. 
 
 It was easy for the thirteen original States, and for the 
 vStates admitted into the Union soon after the beginning of 
 the last century, to select eminent men as their representa 
 tives. The newer States were and are more restricted in 
 the opportunity to select from their citizens eminent 
 historical characters. They have a narrower field for the 
 selection of persons " illustrious for historic renown or for 
 their distinguished civic or military services," although 
 each of them could make selections eminently worth}- of 
 this national commemoration. 
 
 A journey to this memorial Hall will disclose that the 
 older States have largely selected men distinguished for 
 their eminent service to their country before, during, and 
 immediately following the Revolutionary period, thus rec 
 ognizing that the spirit of the law requires that the 
 selection shall be made at a period so remote from that in 
 which those representatives lived that the antagonisms, 
 prejudices, and contentions of the active periods of their 
 
1 6 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 lives will have passed away, and when those making the 
 selection conld impartially pass upon their work as 
 entitling them especially for this distinction. 
 
 In this spirit we find placed in that Hall statues of Roger 
 Sherman and Jonathan Trnmbull, John Winthrop and 
 Samuel Adams, John Starke and Daniel Webster, Nathanael 
 Greene and Roger Williams, Robert Livingston and George 
 Clinton, Charles Carroll and Robert Fulton, and others 
 equally "illustrious for their historic renown or for dis 
 tinguished civic or military services." 
 
 Great care has been taken by the several States in the 
 selections already made to choose their most eminent 
 sons. Such care should be taken, and doubtless will be, 
 in making future selections. This appears from the fact 
 that although more than forty years have passed since 
 the dedication of this Hall, twenty-six States are still 
 without any representation, and five other States are only 
 partially represented. Time in this respect is not impor 
 tant, as with added years in the history of any State the 
 list from which to make selection will be constantly 
 enlarged. Doubtless in the march of events situations 
 will arise of the highest moment, disclosing great char 
 acters worthy of a place in this carefully chosen galaxy. 
 
 No State under this act can have more than two rep 
 resentatives, and the situation and surroundings are such 
 that it will be impossible by future legislation to add to 
 the number. It is wise and fitting, therefore, that each 
 State should exercise the utmost care and wisdom in 
 making its selections, as what is thus done can not be 
 undone. 
 
John James higalls. I / 
 
 Of the States west of the Mississippi River, only Mis 
 souri and Texas have made such selection, and Kansas, 
 through her legislature, now presents to Congress, for its 
 acceptance, the statue of JOHN JAMES INGALLS, a citizen 
 of that State, properly reserving for the future the addi 
 tional representative statue. This is a fitting thing to 
 be done; and it is most gratifying to me to know that 
 this selection was made by practically the unanimous 
 voice of the people of the State. 
 
 Kansas was admitted as a State into the Union forty- 
 four years ago, having been made a Territory under the 
 act of Congress passed May 30, 1854, when the Missouri 
 Compromise, so called, was repealed. 
 
 Following that repeal, this Territory at once became the 
 theater of political activity by two contending forces; one 
 seeking to make it a free State, the other to make it a 
 slave State. This strife continued for several years, and 
 was so great that, virtually, civil war prevailed in main- 
 parts of the Territory, requiring troops of the United 
 States to be sent there to preserve the peace and to sup 
 press disorder. 
 
 The conditions prevailing there excited the whole coun 
 try. Political parties were actively arrayed against each 
 other in sympathy with one side or the other of the 
 question of the extension or the restriction of slavery, 
 which was the all-absorbing question during the campaign 
 of 1860 for President and Yice-President. This was the 
 last struggle on this momentous question before the civil 
 war. 
 
 17102 05 2 
 
1 8 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 Two constitutions were framed by two different conven 
 tions. One of these was submitted to Congress and re 
 jected ; when an enabling act was passed submitting- the 
 whole question to all the people of Kansas. This resulted 
 in the approval of what was known as the "Wyandotte 
 constitution," under which the Territory was admitted as 
 a State in January, 1861. 
 
 The scene of this conflict was far away from the densely 
 settled portions of the country, and was difficult of access, 
 there being practically no railways at that time west of 
 the Mississippi River. A journey by water was slow and 
 uncertain. A journey by wagon was over boundless 
 prairies, with only here and there a wagon road. 
 
 The people of the State of Massachusetts took a deep 
 interest in this struggle and many of her sons migrated 
 to the Territory. One of these, JOHN JAMES INGALLS, 
 a graduate of Williams College, who had been admitted 
 to the bar of Massachusetts, impelled, doubtless some 
 what by a spirit of adventure and more by an ambition 
 to take part in the affairs of this newly projected State, 
 at the age of 25 found his way by a long and somewhat 
 difficult journey by river, rail, and wagon into this new 
 country and into the very midst of its contentions and 
 struggles. He took the side of the sons of his native 
 State in the controversy, and soon became a conspicu 
 ous factor in the affairs of the Territory; was made a 
 member of the constitutional convention for the forma 
 tion of the State and participated actively in its deliber 
 ations. His ability and force were soon recognized, and 
 a friendly biographer records that the constitution itself 
 
John Jtinics Ingn/ls. 19 
 
 bears the impress of his intellect and knowledge in 
 much of its phraseology. The care taken in its prepa 
 ration and its adaptation to the affairs of this new State 
 is shown by the fact that this constitution, with a few 
 amendments, has stood the test of forty-four years with 
 out material change. 
 
 After the admission of the State into the Union Mr. 
 INGALLS was elected and for several years served as a 
 member of the State senate, where he was active in 
 framing laws necessary for the new State. 
 
 These early services rendered to the Territory of 
 Kansas and subsequently to the State doubtless exerted 
 a very great influence on the legislature, which selected 
 him in 1873 as a fit person to -represent the State in 
 the United States Senate, and this also was undoubtedly 
 a factor in his selection as a suitable person to be rep 
 resented in marble in this National Hall as a leader of 
 conspicuous ability in the early struggles of that State 
 for the establishment of a free government. 
 
 The legislature of Kansas in 1873 selected him to 
 succeed to the seat of Senator Pomeroy in the Senate. 
 Although not a candidate he was chosen with unanimity 
 by the legislature as a Senator in this body. He took the 
 oath of office on the 4th of March, 1873. He was twice 
 reelected, and served in this body for eighteen consecutive 
 years. That he served with great ability and with credit 
 to his State and to his country during this long period is 
 well attested by the records of the Senate. 
 
 He was an intense lover of his State. He was vigorous 
 in support of its interests here and of all important 
 
2O Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 measures looking to the development of that portion of 
 our country lying west of the Mississippi River. 
 
 Early in his service he was assigned to important com 
 mittees and made chairman of the Committee on the 
 District of Columbia. He was also made a member of the 
 Committee on Indian Affairs and of the Committee on 
 Rules. Later he was assigned to the Committee on the 
 Judiciary, all of which positions he held until the end 
 of his last term of service. 
 
 He participated actively in the preparation of many 
 important public measures referred to the committees of 
 which he was a member and in securing their passage 
 through the Senate. 
 
 He was frequently selected by order of the Senate to 
 perform special services of importance. He was one of 
 the tellers on the part of the Senate in the celebrated 
 electoral count of 1877, which lasted from the first 
 Wednesday in February until the morning of the day 
 preceding the inauguration of President Hayes. 
 
 He took an active part in the general debates of the 
 Senate, warmly advocating measures approved by him and 
 with equal warmth severely criticising measures that did 
 not meet his approval. 
 
 He was regarded as one of the most effective debaters 
 on the floor of the Senate. Always cool and collected 
 and having full information on the subjects he discussed, 
 he was formidable on the floor. He had a facility of 
 expression rarely equaled and a keen sense of humor. 
 He was a master of invective and often indulged in 
 telling and biting sarcasm. He was not only an effective 
 
John James lugalls. 21 
 
 debater, but he was distinguished as a fascinating am? 
 persuasive orator. It can be said of him, as it can be 
 said at any time of but few members of the Senate, that 
 when he was to speak the galleries were full. It was 
 enough to say that " INGALLS is to speak to-day " to 
 attract a large and appreciative audience, not only in the 
 galleries but from the House and in the seats on the 
 Senate floor. 
 
 For such extended speeches upon any particular sub 
 ject he made careful and painstaking preparation, even 
 to the precise phraseology employed. 
 
 I should say that his greatest accomplishment was his 
 command of language and his ability to use it in public 
 debate. 
 
 He often presided as President of the Senate. He was 
 elected permanent President pro tempore, as we term it, 
 in December, 1887, and continuously presided as such 
 until March 4, 1889. He was one of the ablest and most 
 satisfactory presiding officers certainly during my experi 
 ence here. 
 
 The State of Kansas has been Republican practically 
 from the time of its admission into the Union until the 
 present. In 1872, however, there was what might be 
 called a rebellion within the party against those who- 
 had l>een conspicuous among its leaders in Congress, and 
 Senator ING ALLS was elected by general consent of the 
 party in the State to the Senatorial seat, which he con 
 tinuously occupied until his retirement in 1891. He was 
 twice reelected without opposition, and would probably 
 have remained in the Senate up to the time of his death 
 
22 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 but for the fact that in 1890 a political revolution 
 occurred in the State against the Republican party, plac 
 ing it in the minority in the legislature, when the opposi 
 tion united in selecting Mr. Peffer as his successor. The 
 revolution, however, which resulted in his defeat was 
 political and not personal. 
 
 Senator INGALLS was a lover of the best literature. 
 He wrote many celebrated articles on public affairs and 
 many of a purely literary character. His poem on " Op 
 portunity," which has just been read, is a gem sufficient 
 in itself to immortalize its author. 
 
 Thus it is that JOHN JAMES IXGALLS is illustrious for 
 his historic renown as well as for his distinguished civic 
 services, and is worthy of national commemoration by 
 the State of Kansas. It is fitting, therefore, that his 
 statue in marble should be accepted by Congress and 
 placed in National Statuary Hall. 
 
 It was my fortune to enter the Senate on the same 
 day with Senator INGALLS and to serve with him during 
 the entire period of his service. With the exception of 
 two years, I had a seat next to him in this Chamber. 
 Our relations weie the most cordial during all that time. 
 I esteemed and valued him for his many kindly and 
 genial personal qualities, as well as for his great ability, 
 and no one regretted more than I the political change 
 in the State which made it necessary for him to retire 
 from the activities of the Senate. 
 
Jo/in James Ing a Us. 23 
 
 Address of Mr. Cockrell, of Missouri 
 
 Mr. PRESIDENT: The statute of the United vStates of 
 July 2, 1864, authorized the President 
 
 To invite all the States to provide and furnish statues in marble or 
 bronze, not exceeding two in number for each State, of deceased per 
 sons who have been citizens thereof and illustrious for their historic 
 renown or for distinguished civic or military services such as each 
 State may deem to be worthy of this national commemoration; and 
 when so furnished the same shall be placed in the old Hall of the 
 House of Representatives in the Capitol of the United States, which is 
 set apart, or so much thereof as may be necessary, as a National Stat 
 uary Hall for the purpose herein indicated. 
 
 This law dedicates the beautiful chamber, the old Hall 
 of the House of Representatives in this Capitol, as a gal 
 lery for the marble or bronze statues of not exceeding 
 two deceased persons for each State who have been citi 
 zens thereof and illustrious for their historic renown or 
 for distinguished civic or military services, such as each 
 State may deem to be worthy of such commemoration, 
 and leaves the selection to the absolute discretion of 
 each State. It is an appropriate and wise provision. 
 The State of Kansas, in providing and furnishing the 
 marble statue of JOHN JAMES INGALLS as one of the two 
 deceased persons for that wState deemed worthy of 
 national commemoration, has chosen appropriately and 
 wisely. As one of the Senators in this Chamber from 
 the State of Missouri, adjoining and bordering the State 
 of Kansas on its entire eastern line, I take great pleas 
 ure in favoring the adoption of the pending resolution 
 
24 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 and the acceptance of the statue of JOHN JAMES INGALLS 
 to be placed in the National Statuary Hall in this Capitol. 
 
 JOHN JAMES INGALLS was born in the town of Micl- 
 dleton, in Essex County, in the State of Massachusetts, on 
 December 29, 1833. His original ancestor on his father s 
 side was Edmund Ingalls, or, as then written, Ingall, who 
 came from West England in 1628 and founded the city 
 of Lynn, in Essex County, Mass. His father, Elias T. 
 Ingalls, of Haverhill, Mass., was a typical New Eng- 
 lander devout, austere, scholarly, intended for one of the 
 learned professions. 
 
 His original ancestor on his mother s side was Aquila 
 Chase, who settled in 1630 in New Hampshire. His 
 mother was Eliza Chase. On both sides he came from an 
 unbroken strain of Puritan blood without intermixture. 
 He was the oldest of nine children, was educated in the 
 public schools until he was 16, and then continued his 
 studies preparatory for college under a private tutor. 
 
 He entered Williams College at Williamstown, Mass., in 
 September, 1851, and graduated in 1855. His boldness of 
 character was clearly foreshadowed in his college course. 
 
 In his graduating oration on " Mummy life," he inserted 
 a scathing review of his college faculty, which they cut out 
 when they revised his production prior to delivery. 
 
 Notwithstanding this, in his delivery he spoke all they 
 had cut out and paid his respects to the faculty in trench 
 ant criticism. 
 
 For this offense his diploma was withheld until 1864. 
 However, twenty years after granting his diploma, his 
 
John James Ingalls. 25 
 
 alma mater honored him with the decree of doctor of 
 laws. 
 
 After his graduation he studied law and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1857, and removed to Kansas, then a Territory, 
 in 1858, and located at Atchison. 
 
 He was a delegate to the Wyandotte constitutional con 
 vention in 1859, secretary of the Territorial council in 
 1860, secretary of the State senate in 1861, the first session 
 after the admission of the Territory as a State in the 
 Union. 
 
 During the session the question of a design for the great 
 seal of the State came np. I quote from his own statement 
 in regard to it : 
 
 I suggested a sketch embracing a single star rising from the clouds at 
 the base of afield, with the constellation (representing the number of 
 States then in the Union) above, accompanied by the motto, "Ad astra 
 per aspera." The clouds at the base were intended to represent the perils 
 and troubles of our Territorial history; the star emerging therefrom the 
 new .State; the constellation, like that on the flag, the Union, to which 
 after a stormy struggle it had been admitted. 
 
 Additions were made to this proposed design which 
 Mr. INC. ALLS always thought destroyed the beauty and 
 simplicity of his design. 
 
 He was a member of the State senate of Kansas from 
 Atchison County in 1862; was major, lieutenant-colonel, 
 and judge-advocate, Kansas Volunteers, 1863 to 1865, and 
 was editor of the Atchison Champion in 1863, 1864, and 
 1865, and was the anti-Lane candidate for lieutenant- 
 governor in 1862 and again in 1864, and was defeated 
 each time. He was elected to the United States Sen 
 ate as a Republican to succeed Senator S. C. Pomeroy, 
 
26 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 Republican, and took his seat March 4, 1873, anc ^ was 
 subsequently twice reelected and served in this Chamber 
 from March 4, 1873, to March 3, 1891, eighteen years 
 continuous service. 
 
 Prior to 1873 he devoted much time to literary work, 
 much of which was in praise of his adopted State, clearly 
 manifesting an admiration and love for his State and 
 people. 
 
 He wrote a series of brilliant articles for magazines 
 descriptive of western life and adventure, which won for 
 him a national reputation on account of his classical 
 style, incisive method, and a luxuriant wealth of words. 
 
 His oft-quoted estimate of President Lincoln shows 
 clearly his epigrammatic style. 
 
 Abraham Lincoln, the greatest leader of all, had the humblest origin 
 and scantiest scholarship, yet he surpassed all orators in eloquence, all 
 diplomats in wisdom, all statesmen in foresight, and the most ambi 
 tious in fame. 
 
 His command of language was most remarkable. His 
 sparkling words seemed to come to him easily and 
 naturally in conversation, in public speaking, and in 
 writing, and few men equaled him in the correct and 
 scholarly command of the English language. 
 
 As an orator he was eloquent and interesting, and his 
 powers of expression attained their highest development. 
 
 In his memorial address on Representative James X. 
 Burnes, of Missouri, he said : 
 
 In the democracy of the dead all men at last are equal. There is neither 
 rank, station, nor prerogative in th" republic of the grave. At this fatal 
 threshold the philosopher ceases to be wise and the song of the poet is 
 silent. Dives relinquishes his millions and Lazarus his rags. The poor 
 man is as rich as the richest and the rich man as poor as the pauper. The 
 
John James fnga//s. 27 
 
 creditor loses his usury ami the debtor is acquitted of his obligation. 
 There the proud man surrenders his dignities, the political! his honors, 
 the worldling his pleasures, the invalid needs no physician, and the laj>orer 
 rests from unrequited toil. Here at last is Nature s final decree in equity. 
 * The strongest there has no supremacy and the weakest needs no 
 defense. The mightiest captain succumbs to the invincible adversary, 
 who disarms alike the victor and the vanquished. 
 
 In political discussions he was a partisan and \vas dras 
 tic in his language. 
 
 He served on many important committees of the Sen 
 ate and was attentive to his duties. After the death of 
 Vice-President Hendricks he was chosen President pro 
 tempore of the Senate, and was a most efficient presid 
 ing officer, eminently able, courteous, dignified, and abso 
 lutely impartial, and never manifested any partisan actions. 
 
 My first personal acquaintance with Senator INV.AI.I.S 
 was in March, 1^75. 
 
 In a very friendly and cordial manner he introduced 
 himself to me, and we became and remained personal 
 friends during his eighteen years in this Chamber. 
 
 During his eighteen years service in this body there 
 was never a breath of suspicion or doubt about his abso 
 lute personal and Senatorial integrity. 
 
 JOHN JAMES INGALLS is doubtless the most distin 
 guished statesman, the most brilliant orator, and the most 
 versatile and classic writer among the many able men 
 the State of Kansas has produced. The State of Kansas 
 and the good people of the State have honored the State 
 and themselves in providing and furnishing the statue 
 in commemoration of JOHN J. INGAU.S for the Statuary 
 Hall, in this Capitol. 
 
28 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 Address of Mr. Platt, of Connecticut 
 
 Mr. PRESIDENT: In nature it often happens that a tree 
 or plant transferred from its native soil to some far-away 
 region attains a stronger, healthier, more vigorous and 
 perfect growth than it would have enjoyed in its original 
 locality. New soil, new cultivation, and the different 
 air and sunshine seem to supply elements of growth and 
 development lacking in its first environment. If a fruit- 
 bearing tree, its fruit acquires a superior flavor. If a 
 flowering plant, its blossom takes on a new beauty, not 
 that the character of the tree or plant is radically changed, 
 but its natural characteristics and qualities are accent 
 uated by something derived from its new locality, to its 
 vast improvement. There is nothing in nature more 
 curious and instructive than the change for the better 
 which so frequently comes from transplanting. As in 
 the natural world, so in the mental and moral world, 
 there is nothing more curious or marked in human 
 civilization than the change which has come to men 
 in consequence of their migration. The impulse to seek 
 a new home in what is hoped to be a better country 
 has altered the map of the world and done much to 
 perfect the civilization of mankind. 
 
 At this hour the Senate, in which all the States are 
 represented, joins with Kansas in paying its tribute of 
 admiration and respect to the most prominent and illus- 
 
Jo/in James fngal/s. 29 
 
 trious citizen of that State, now, alas! departed, whose 
 statue is henceforth to occupy a pedestal in onr National 
 Statuary Hall. 
 
 A New England boy, of Puritan ancestry, nurtured 
 by a New England mother in a New England home, 
 graduated at a New England college, admitted to prac 
 tice as a New England lawyer, turned in his youth to 
 what was then the far West, to take on new growth, 
 acquire new power and strength, to become foremost in 
 the building of a new State, to be honored while yet in 
 his early manhood as its representative in the Senate 
 of the United States, there for eighteen years to make 
 his mark on the policies and destinies of the Republic 
 this, in a word, is the condensed life history of ex-Senator 
 JOHN J. I xr, ALLS. 
 
 It is the old story over again. Perhaps there is no 
 better illustration in all our history of the growth in 
 power and influence of a man in consequence of his migra 
 tion from the settled habits and institutions of the East to 
 the new and undeveloped regions of the West. Had the 
 boy INGALLS remained in Massachusetts he would probably 
 never have been a representative of that State either in the 
 Senate or the House. His whole life work would have 
 been along different lines, and though he could never have 
 been inconspicuous, he would doubtless never have left a 
 lasting impression upon the history of our country. He 
 gave no early promise of particular interest in public 
 affairs; no indication that statecraft would be with him a 
 favorite pursuit. In his boyhood and young manhood his 
 tastes were scholarlv and literarv. 
 
30 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 Remaining in New England, lie would unquestionably 
 have been distinguished as an author, a poet, a critic, a 
 historian, rather than as an eminent lawyer or statesman. 
 Once settled in Kansas, however, the gateway of prefer 
 ment swung wide open to him. New thoughts, purposes, 
 hopes, and aspirations took possession of him. His choice 
 was well made. Territorial Kansas had been born in 
 agony and baptized in blood. Within its borders the first 
 great battle between human slavery and freedom had been 
 fought was, indeed, still in progress. It ended only at 
 Appomattox. INGALLS had in him not only the Puritan 
 spirit of liberty, but the ancestral warlike spirit of the 
 Northmen. He was of the lineage of Thor. He had been 
 taught to love freedom. He was ready to do battle for it. 
 The bloody conflict in Kansas was over, but the peaceful, 
 though no less acute, struggle was still on. A State 
 which for a while seemed foredoomed to slavery was to 
 be builded on the foundation of freedom. 
 
 Making his home in Kansas in 1858, we find INGALLS 
 the next year a member of the Wyandotte convention, in 
 which was framed the constitution iipon which Kansas 
 was to be admitted into the Union as a free State, and 
 although practically a stranger in the growing Territory 
 we find his worth and influence already recognized 
 insomuch that the new constitution was largely the result 
 of his thought and his facile pen. Kansas, free and 
 fearless, became the object of his intense love and devotion. 
 Looking at his record, his part in constitution making 
 and State building, these his earlier years seem to me 
 the most significant. He became a noted Senator, and 
 
fo/in James IiigaHs. 31 
 
 as such acquired a great reputation, but I doubt if in all 
 his after life he ever rendered more valuable service to 
 his vState than when he helped to construct and so 
 largely molded its original constitution, which, like that 
 
 c" . <^ 
 
 of the Republic, followed, and was the culmination of 
 an intense, weary, and bloody struggle for liberty, and, 
 like our National Constitution, was ordained to secure 
 the blessings of liberty to the people of Kansas. The 
 scholar, the poet, the dreamer, the word painter, found 
 his higher and nobler work in State building. INC.ALLS 
 was by nature a genius. The necessities and opportunities 
 of his new life made him a practical statesman. 
 
 I first saw him when I came to the Senate in 1879. 
 He had then been six years a Senator, and his name 
 and fame had already filled the country. It was an able 
 Senate. It comprised many Senators of great learning, 
 ability, and influence, but I think I make no invidious 
 comparison when I say that its three most conspicuous 
 members, Senators most in the public eye, were Conkling, 
 Hlaine, and I NO ALLS, each a unique and forceful person 
 ality, and of these three I NO ALLS was by no means the 
 least conspicuous or distinguished. Visitors to the 
 Senate gallery wished to have first pointed out to them 
 these three men, and took away more clearly impressed 
 upon their mental vision the picture of INGALLS than of 
 either Blaine or Conkling. He was, indeed, physically 
 and mentally, the most unique personality in the Senate. 
 His strong individuality of face, his bearing, his incisive 
 speech, his marvelous expression of ideas, attracted and 
 fascinated all who saw and heard him. Few Senators 
 
32 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 have excelled him in scholarship; none I think in poetic 
 temperament; and he was the peer of any in his 
 knowledge of our history and ability in discussion. 
 
 Senatorial oratory was even then in its transition period. 
 Studied, ornate, and classic eloquence was disappearing, 
 giving place to precise and accurate statement and analysis. 
 But INGALLS possessed oratorical power all his own a 
 fresh style of oratory, perfect, effective, unmatched, either 
 in remote or modern times. Neither Demosthenes nor 
 Webster was a more complete orator than INGALLS. No 
 other Senator attracted so many hearers or cast such a spell 
 upon his listeners. So far as I have known the Senate, cr 
 read its history, I think no Senator has ever equaled 
 INGALLS as a master of language. The words with which 
 he clothed his thoughts may have been studied, but seemed 
 to be spontaneously uttered ; indeed, in the heat of debate, 
 where formal preparation was impossible, his wonderful use 
 of the English language was as striking as in his more 
 elaborate speeches. 
 
 It was a delight to listen to him, and his perfect sen 
 tences, precise and beautiful rhetoric, will never be for 
 gotten by any who heard him. He was not a mere phrase 
 maker who conjured and juggled with wor.ds and forms of 
 speech, but a logician, whose argument compelled attention 
 and carried conviction. He was a fearless Senator. He 
 never shunned a conflict ; never retreated from an oppo 
 nent. He said in a magazine article, I think, of ex-Senator 
 Chandler, of Michigan, " His weapon was the butcher s 
 cleaver and not the rapier." INGALL S weapon was more 
 like the rapier or scimiter. Senators will recall that scene 
 
John James In falls. 33 
 
 in The Talisman where King Richard, just risen from a 
 sick bed, with his two-handed sword severed a bar of iron, 
 and Saladin with his scimiter divided the floating and 
 flimsy veil of silk. INGALLS wielded the scimiter of Saladin 
 rather than the sword of Richard, and the dexterity with 
 which he handled it was a marvel to all. 
 
 During his service in the Senate he constantly gained 
 in influence and power and as constantly grew in the 
 estimation of his State. During all the eighteen years 
 of his sen-ice, it is no disparagement of all the other able 
 and strong men of Kansas to say that he was easily its 
 most prominent and illustrious citizen. A son of New 
 England, the man of Kansas. It was a strange and sad 
 eccentricity of Kansas that relegated him to private life. 
 It -was the loss of the State rather than his own personal 
 loss. He was as strong in defeat and in private life as 
 he had been in his Senatorial career. His public life 
 and services were indeed ended, but his nature was not 
 soured nor embittered. All his love of the beautiful and 
 true of the State of his adoption, all the poetry of his 
 soul shone out more clearly than was possible while a 
 Senator. He accepted his fate like a hero, knowing, I 
 think, that the day would come when his State would 
 do him yet higher honor and cherish for him a still 
 higher regard. Whether he knew this or not, that time 
 has come, and to-day the State honors him in death 
 more than it ever did in life by placing his statue along 
 side those of the great and noble men whose lives have 
 been so potential in molding the history and destiny of 
 our Republic. 
 
 1710205 3 
 
34 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 Address of Mr. Gorman, of Maryland 
 
 Mr. PRESIDENT: It is a privilege to pay tribute to the 
 memory of JOHN J. INGALLS. His was a colossal figure 
 on the stage of our affairs. There may have been ora 
 tors as eloquent, statesmen as wise, politicians as coura 
 geous, citizens as patriotic and devoted, but I recall few, 
 if any, who, as orator, statesman, politician, and patriot, 
 imited in one person so many of these virtues and in 
 such conspicuous manifestation. 
 
 He was a master of our language. He made of it a 
 splendid yet a docile instrument. Logic, pathos, fascina 
 tion, invective, and entreaty these forces he employed at 
 will and irresistibly. 
 
 His speech was clear, incisive, musical, and luminous. 
 His arguments were always persuasive and enlightened, 
 his motives transparently high and pure. His denuncia 
 tions were terrible, his irony a blight. He hated deceit, 
 hypocrisy, pretense, and cowardice. He laid a ruthless 
 hand on treachery and meanness; he treated with his scorn 
 the fawning knee. He loved his country with unbounded 
 passion. He worshiped justice, candor, patriotism. 
 
 JOHN J. INGALLS was a type of the noblest and most 
 useful American citizenship. One of the thousands sent 
 out of New England as teachers, pioneers, examples, 
 inspirations, he took with him to desert places the culture 
 and the purpose of a perfected civilization. He lifted in 
 the wilderness a voice of leading and of grace. And 
 when he came from Kansas to the Senate he came with a 
 
John J a tncs I tig alls. 35 
 
 conscience adjusted to realities, with a judgment informed 
 by deep and broad experience, with standards and philoso 
 phies that fit the things of life. The dreamer fresh from 
 cloistered peace had been trained in the great schools of 
 action. Shaped anew in the clashes and the conflicts of 
 the border, his thoughts were turned to actual aims, his 
 ambitions divested of their veils. He became a power on 
 this floor. 
 
 The forces he could summon to his service and which he 
 knew how to marshal to important ends were forces which 
 the greatest giants of the day had need to reckon with. 
 He was an antagonist whom the strongest were careful to 
 approach with cantion and respect. Not only an orator, 
 but a scholar ; not only a statesman, but a patriot, he used 
 the graces of the academy to deck the massive structure of 
 experience in vital things. He was no complacent doctri 
 naire, no suave juggler of abstractions. He was an alert 
 and pulsing expert in the science of politics and statecraft. 
 
 Of his brilliant and profound attainments, his memorable 
 deeds, his lofty purposes, and his notable achievements, 
 what need to speak ? These have passed into the record. 
 They constitute a splendid chapter in our history. And, in 
 addition to his triumphs as a debater, a leader, and a strate 
 gist, he developed into one of the wisest, fairest, and most 
 enlightened presiding officers the Senate has ever known. 
 
 It was my fortune to know him well. It fell to my lot 
 to oppose him at many times and on many moving issues, 
 but I always recognized the sincerity of his convictions, 
 the fine courage of his bearing, the chivalric purpose of his 
 soul, and I am proud to lay upon his monument this wreath 
 of mv esteem. 
 
36 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 Address of Mr. Spooner, of Wisconsin 
 
 Mr. PRESIDENT : My admiration for the genius of Sena 
 tor INGALLS and a very tender memory of the friendship 
 with which he honored me when I came, a stranger, to this 
 body led me to accept with alacrity an invitation to speak 
 of him and his career on this occasion, in the hope, which 
 has proven a vain one, that public duty would permit me 
 leisure for adequate preparation. I can not suffer this 
 ceremonial in his honor to pass without some contribution 
 from me, albeit fully aware that I can not add anything of 
 worth to the appropriate and beautiful addresses to which 
 the Senate has listened. 
 
 At the beginning of my service here, now nearly twenty 
 years ago, he was chairman of the Committee on the Dis 
 trict of Columbia, and at his request and his welcome to 
 me was a charming one I became a member of that com 
 mittee. Thus it happened that I was brought early into 
 close personal relation with him in the discharge of public 
 duty, and came to appreciate, as one will in such associa 
 tion, his intellectual power and characteristics. He was 
 then at the zenith of his power and fame. 
 
 Little has been said of him to-day as a lawyer. He 
 came, perhaps, too early into public life to have won great 
 fame at the bar, but I found him possessed of a remarkable 
 aptitude for the law, with wide and accurate knowledge of 
 the fundamental principles of the law. He possessed legal 
 
John James Ingalls. 37 
 
 intuition, and reached as quickly the heart of a legal prob 
 lem as did aynone of the great lawyers in this body. He 
 served as a member of the Committee on the Judiciary, 
 whose membership was peculiarly distinguished for ability 
 and learning. There were on that committee Senators 
 of much larger experience, of fuller knowledge of some 
 branches of the law, but none with finer power of generali 
 zation or more rapid and accurate analysis. Had it been 
 his lot to pursue the practice of his profession it can not be 
 doubted that he would have won great fame as a lawyer. 
 
 He was in every way a marked man, tall, slender, erect; 
 with keen, piercing eyes, great dignity of bearing, and face 
 evidencing strength of mind and character. He would inev 
 itably attract instant attention in any assemblage. 
 
 He was, as has been said, a great orator. During his 
 term of service there were many great orators in this body 
 whose names need not be mentioned to be brought to mind. 
 INGALLS was unlike any of them, but inferior to none of 
 them. Mr. Vest, of Missouri, who not long ago was laid 
 to rest, was one of the most enchanting orators to whom 
 I ever listened. Senator IXGAU.S was utterly unlike him, 
 but of wonderful gifts and power. In oratory, as in liter 
 ary style, he was, as has been said by the Senator from 
 Connecticut [Mr. Platt] unique. It was not the beauty of 
 his diction and that was unsurpassed nor was it the 
 charm or quality of his voice, and yet that was rare. It 
 was a combination of qualities and gifts altogether peculiar 
 to himself. Epigram, wit, humor, logic, sarcasm, invective, 
 philosophy, and a rich knowledge of the classics, ancient 
 and modern, were obedient to his will and at his instant 
 
38 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 command. He spoke without effort, and his natural tones 
 could be heard distinctly throughout the Chamber. It has 
 been truthfully said that when it was known that he was to 
 address the Senate the galleries were filled, every Senator 
 was in his seat, troops of Members came from the other 
 body, and it may be added that the corridors were filled 
 with people vainly seeking admission. There has been in 
 my day here no Senator to whose speeches there came such 
 throngs to listen as to those of Senator INGALLS. 
 
 He was a great debater. He would prepare addresses 
 difficult for anyone to equal, quite impossible in many ways 
 for anyone to surpass, but in the current debates of this 
 body, speaking often upon the spur of the moment, he was 
 one of the most resourceful, ready, incisive, and dangerous 
 of antagonists. 
 
 No one is at liberty to doubt, from his incursions into the 
 fields of literature and poetry in the intervals of exacting 
 public work, that had he devoted his life to literature he 
 would have achieved a world-wide renown. 
 
 With all his brilliancy of thought and speech it ought, 
 in justice to his memory, to be said of him and in the last 
 analysis no greater praise can be bestowed upon anyone 
 in public life that he was essentially a faithful and labori 
 ous public servant. He carried with him always a sense 
 of responsibility, and in the great mass of duties, large and 
 small, he worked with unremitting assiduity. He was 
 always prompt in his attendance upon the committees, 
 ready to report with rare intelligence upon the subjects 
 committed to his charge. He gave attention to the bills 
 upon the Calendar from day to day, and the records of the 
 
Jo/in James Ingalls. 39 
 
 Senate during the years of his service will bear abundant 
 testimony that he was neither complaisant nor inattentive 
 in discharging the varied duties of his great office. 
 
 His interest in the growth, development, and adornment 
 of this capital was intense, and if it shall reach the stand 
 ard which he conceived and toward which he toiled the 
 people of this Republic may be well content. 
 
 I doubt if there ever was a better presiding officer. 
 Certainly I have not seen one. 
 
 He seemed to me always to have great power in reserve, 
 and when he had delivered a speech here, without apparent 
 effort, enchaining the attention of the great audience and 
 eagerly read throughout the country, I was always im 
 pressed with his power to eclipse it without difficulty, 
 should exigency demand it. 
 
 With all his power of sarcasm, invective, and vigor in 
 debate he was, in his daily intercourse, in his friendship, 
 and in the quiet atmosphere of his home, genial and 
 charming. 
 
 In one of those strange periods of popular aberration 
 which come and go Kansas extinguished the brilliant 
 light in this Chamber which had made and kept her 
 name shining in the list of American Commonwealths, 
 and put another in his place. Next to the devoted wife 
 who presided over his home and the children who adorned 
 it, he loved Kansas and her people. That the withdrawal 
 of her favor stung and wounded his proud spirit no one 
 may doubt, but he went his way into retirement and gave 
 no sign of pain. Doubtless he thought, with Chatfield: 
 
 Popularity is like the brightness of a falling star, the fleeting splendor 
 of a rainbow, the bubble that is sure to burst by its very inflation. 
 
40 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 Kansas has come into her own again, and the IXGALLS 
 whom she discarded is again the ING ALLS whom she 
 idolizes. 
 
 And now, Mr. President, the great Commonwealth of 
 his adoption and affection by solemn act places in Statu 
 ary Hall, to stand forever under the Dome of the Capitol 
 in which his long and brilliant service for her and for 
 the country brought imperishable glory to her name, the 
 chiseled form and features of JOHN JAMES INGALLS. She 
 does not by so doing add to his fame. What he did and 
 said here in her service fixed for all time his fame as a 
 scholar, lawyer, orator, statesman; but Kansas has done 
 him justice, and Kansas in doing him justice has done 
 honor to herself. Kansas is a great Commonwealth. No 
 one ma} safely set limit upon the possibilities of her 
 future. She has sent and will send here other statesmen 
 of ability, eloquence, and fidelity; but it is no disparage 
 ment to any one of them to say that among them all 
 there will not come again from Kansas into this Chamber 
 another JOHN JAMES INGALLS. 
 
 I am grateful for the opportunity which the great 
 Commonwealth of Kansas has afforded me to vote for 
 the acceptance of this her first contribution to Statuary 
 Hall. I wish, Mr. President, I might have more fitly 
 spoken of him and his career. 
 
John James Ingalls, 41 
 
 Address of Mr. Daniel, of Virginia 
 
 Mr. PRESIDENT: Rising to take a small part, and, as I 
 regret to say, a hasty and imperfect part in the interesting 
 ceremonies which are about to be concluded, there comes 
 to my mind the vivid expression of a distinguished Ameri 
 can statesman and Senator, Voorhees, who was once our 
 honored colleague upon this floor. He said of onr country 
 that u we live in a land of brief antiquity." Hut yesterday, 
 as it seems to many who are yet occupants of seats in this 
 Chamber, there sat the form of John K. Kenna, of West 
 Virginia [indicating], and there sat JOHN J. IXGALLS, of 
 Kansas [indicating]. Already, while we are yet sharing 
 together the labors of this Chamber, they have been trans 
 lated as permanent Senators in that republic of reminis 
 cence of our national history which we call Statuary Hall. 
 
 It knew well the Senator whose figure in white and 
 marble will there stand while the generations come and go. 
 I knew him in his home, which was the shrine of his 
 affections, and shared its hospitality, and there he was 
 most honored and beloved. A lovable man who loved 
 him said: "His wife and his children were the lights of 
 his life and he was theirs." I knew him as chairman of 
 the Committee on the District of Columbia, of which for 
 years I was a member. I saw his patience in counsel. I 
 witnessed the care with which he administered his office, 
 and I never found him otherwise than what his high duties 
 called for him to be. 
 
42 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 I knew him, like all his colleagues, as presiding officer 
 of this Chamber. In that character he showed himself to 
 be one of the most accomplished parliamentarians who ever 
 presided over a deliberative body in our country. He was 
 learned; he was alert; he was prompt; he was decisive; 
 and to the various virtues in the discharge of those duties 
 there is justly added the crown that he was fair. I knew 
 him amidst the tumults of debates in this Chamber ; and 
 those who knew him realize that Kansas has been just in 
 her selection of him as the one whose statue should stand 
 forever in our Capitol. 
 
 The President and Vice-President of the United States, 
 and the Members of the Senate and the House of Repre 
 sentatives, are the only public officials in the United States 
 who are chosen, directly or indirectly, by its people. All 
 of our vast corps of public servants, whether of the Army, 
 the Navy, the judiciary, or the Executive Departments are 
 chosen by the Executive head of our Government or his 
 subordinates, and the Members of the House of Repre 
 sentatives are the sole participants in public power who 
 are chosen by direct vote of the people. It is by such a 
 system that the American people have established and so 
 far have successfully conducted the Republic, their voice 
 percolating through their chosen agents. In this body, 
 where two Senators represent each State without regard to 
 the diversities of population, of wealth, of area, of educa 
 tion or of race, without indeed regard to anything save 
 that it is that composite entity which we call a State, we 
 behold a species of representative government which was 
 without precedent in ancient days, and seems to have 
 
John James Ingalls. 43 
 
 furnished a model which has attracted the admiration and 
 imitation of other peoples, and is likely to be copied in 
 the political transformations which await the world. 
 
 Our own Constitution seems to have furnished the ideal 
 of the Statuary Hall in this Capitol, and the Senate seems 
 to have supplied the model, for there are to stand the 
 images of two citizens of each State, and the State itself 
 is to choose them. 
 
 The act which provided for Statuary Hall was enacted 
 during the civil war, and the Hon. Justin S. Morrill, of 
 Vermont, was its author. Though the smoke of battle 
 then beclouded the heavens and the thunder of contending 
 armies was borne upon every breeze, a coming time he saw 
 in the vision of his dreams when all the people of this 
 nation would dwell in amity again under the old rooftree, 
 and he anticipated it in his forecast of a representative hall 
 that would contain the statues of their chosen leaders. 
 The President of the United States was authorized to 
 invite and has invited all the States to furnish them. 
 They must be of men who have finished their earthly 
 course, and if the Greek were apt in the exclamation "call 
 no man happy until he dies," surely also was the drafts 
 man apt in conferring such honors upon those who have 
 passed beyond the shadows of life s struggles, and beyond 
 the travail of envy, hatred, malice, and all uncharitableness. 
 
 The statues must be "of marble or bronze." Thus was 
 manifested the intent to assure to them whatever of proof 
 against the " cankering tooth of time " that man may 
 impart to his fabrications. They must be of citizens of 
 the vState that furnished them who were "illustrious for 
 
44 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 their historic renown or for distinguished civic or military 
 services," and they imist be such as each State " may deem 
 to be worthy of such national commemoration." 
 
 The State of Kansas, the thirty-fifth of the American 
 Commonwealths to enter the Federal Union, has furnished 
 the statue in white marble of her favored and honored son, 
 JOHN JAMES INGALLS. It has been erected in Statuary 
 Hall, and there will abide until time shall make those 
 changes which we can not now even take into our 
 imagination. 
 
 That State was a child of revolution. It was admitted 
 to the Union January 29, 1861, while the sections were 
 forming in the ranks of a prolonged and deadly strife. 
 
 JOHN JAMES INGALLS w r as also a child of revolution. 
 A stripling youth of Massachusetts, he had entered Kansas 
 in 1858 when that Territory was filling up with the com 
 bustible elements of internecine intestine war over the 
 slavery question. That abnormal question was under con 
 ditions that had never before arrested the progress of our 
 race and it lay athwart the march of the American Republic. 
 It presented issues which our people had never before dealt 
 with and which it was a puzzle to them how to deal with. 
 It is not my purpose to refer to it further than to relate 
 the fact in this discussion, when now, happily, it has passed 
 away. 
 
 It is not expected of me, nor is it my part, to eulogize 
 the whole of the political career of Senator INGALLS. It 
 ivas in large measure antipodal to what I believe in and 
 to what I stood for. 
 
John James Ingalls. 45 
 
 But this does not withhold from me an expression of 
 sincere respect and honor for many traits that he exhibited. 
 He stood erect in the field of his conflicts. He was no 
 crawling or creeping thing. He spoke with no forked 
 tongue. He could always be found. If he gave blows 
 he flinched not from receiving them. Many of his utter 
 ances were offensive to many, and offensive to me, and 
 appeared to me to be extravagant, but men who wrestle 
 in the fierce conflicts of life are not men to feel vindictive- 
 ness, and I feel none to him. Such facts, I hope, may 
 never blind me to jnst and honorable recognition of courage, 
 of skill, of genius, of patriotic aspiration and service by 
 whomsoever displayed; and I recogni/.e the fact that all 
 of these virtues were conspicuously and notably displayed 
 in him. 
 
 I believe that from his youth upward he followed the 
 thread of the stream of his convictions, and though the 
 waters flashed and foamed around him, and sometimes 
 seemed to those who observed him to overrun the bank, 
 who is there who has struggled in great conflicts and dealt 
 with multitudes moved by great passions who has not 
 himself been subject to some such animadversion as might 
 be made of him? 
 
 Senator INGALLS was a high-strung man. He possessed 
 the nervous, romantic, poetic, and artistic temperament. 
 He was inte nse, and he was highly artistic. He was a 
 student of words and learned to use them in all the delicate 
 and deep-dyed hues of expression. There was a vein of 
 rich genius in him. Men of this order carry their thoughts 
 
46 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 to the furthest limit. Instinctively they plan for effect, 
 and, like the general in battle, they plan for instant effect. 
 If in our own sedate and calm moments they seem in their 
 expressions to be overwrought, let us not judge, lest we 
 ourselves be judged, for it is for us to remember that it 
 was not in calm and sedate times nor in calm and sedate 
 moments that these words were uttered, but under the 
 stirring and momentous spell of great events and of moving 
 passions. 
 
 The reasons for the choice of Senator INGALLS for the 
 Statuary Hall are not occult. He was the incarnation of 
 the thought and the spirit of the Kansas people. He was 
 also the incarnation of the thought and spirit of the great 
 majority of the American people of his time. But he was 
 a Kansan, one of the people, in every fiber of his being. 
 He was no light conformist to the creeds that they pro 
 fessed and which he professed. He believed in them and 
 they possessed him. It w r as through these creeds and in 
 them that he became a leader of the people, and it was in 
 defending them that he rose justly to public honors and 
 won justly public distinction and favor. 
 
 We find many men who are able with the pen and who 
 make great writers. We find many men who are able in 
 speech and who make great speakers. I believe our country 
 has more of both classes of this order of men than any 
 nation that ever existed, and the fact is attributable to the 
 freedom of discussion that has existed from the beginning 
 of the Republic and the further fact that all questions here 
 which touch the interest of the public weal are quickly 
 translated to the forum of political agitation, and find there 
 
John James Ingalls. 47 
 
 their ultimate solution at the polls. But we do not find 
 many men, Mr. President, who are equally capable with 
 tongue and pen. Thomas Jefferson wrote ably essays, 
 history, scientific or philosophic commentary, but he never 
 made a speech. It was said of Goldsmith that he " wrote 
 like an angel, but talked like poor Poll." 
 
 JOHN JAMES IXGALLS, of Kansas, had the double faculty. 
 He could write neatly, patly, pithily, and to the point. He 
 aimed directly at his mark. When he spoke or when he- 
 wrote he engaged attention from the start by some virile 
 and pertinent utterance, and kept it to the end by compact, 
 salient, and thought-laden expression. Always aggressive, 
 he had the instinct attributed to Rufus Choate of aiming 
 at the jugular vein of his adversary. Had he given his 
 life, as did Mr. Greeley, to the editor s desk he would have 
 been one of the most famous editors of his time. As an 
 orator and as a debater here he stood easily in the front 
 rank, and he vaulted to that rank from the time that he 
 entered public life. Xo doubt his habit of writing made 
 him the accurate man and clarified his expression; but he 
 did not as was said of Edmund Burke, speak essays. He 
 spoke speeches. They were speeches addressed to that 
 audience which was before him, to that topic which he was 
 discussing, and framed according to an artistic recognition 
 of the situation with which he dealt and of the best methods 
 of dealing with it. 
 
 While I say this, it is also true that many of his addresses 
 glisten with gems of philosophic thought, which are per 
 manent contributions to the literature and wisdom of man, 
 but as a rule it was "the pending question" that he dealt 
 
48 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 with and to which he brought the fruits of his genius and 
 of his reflection. 
 
 The Roman said: "Tempora mutantur, et nos mutamur 
 in illis." "Times change and we change with them." 
 Some apply the sentence as a saturnine fling at changes 
 of human opinion. It is in reality a simple statement of 
 scientific and historic fact known to the meaning of our 
 great poet and delineator of mankind, who says: 
 \Ve know what we are, but know not what we may be. 
 
 Nothing is unchangeable but change. That goes on 
 with ceaseless pace, with every beat of the heart, with 
 every tick of time, having for its goal, as the hope within 
 our breast aspires, " that one far-off divine event to which 
 the whole creation moves." It would be a paradox if man, 
 changing his form, his attitude, his relations, his environ 
 ments, his feelings, and his thoughts during every instant 
 of his being, could not properly change his convictions 
 and his actions. Were a decree issued against such change 
 it would freeze and annihilate every germ of growth, of 
 progress, and of improvement, and the world would be 
 a stagnant lump of inanity. 
 
 There is but one thing to which man can be ancestral, 
 and that thing is his connection of duty as God hath given 
 it to him to see that duty, and the enlightened mind will 
 always be just to the honest character that follows that 
 standard, no matter into what difference or antagonism it 
 leads. 
 
 While I render sincere tribute to Senator INGALLS in 
 matters where he and I were as far apart as the poles, it is 
 a comfort to my feelings and it kindles the grateful senses 
 
John Janic s Ingal/s. 49 
 
 of my heart to recall that at a crisis when, as we of the 
 South thought, our dearest rights were menaced and civil 
 war was foreboded to our people he acted manfully to avert 
 that crisis by an independent course of conduct which 
 bespoke stern stuff in his composition and a broad patriot 
 ism in his spirit. I also recall with similar sentiments 
 the fact that two of his most impressive and memorable 
 orations were delivered in this Chamber on the lives and 
 characters of two eminent Southern statesmen who were 
 opposed to him on great conjunctures and for many years. 
 
 I lay at his feet to-day the evergreen of gratitude, and he 
 who has it not for a brave and generous deed has nothing. 
 
 Mr. President, I have regretted that the exactions of our 
 occupations here have not permitted me to emulate the 
 chaste and eloquent address of the Senator from Kansas, who 
 presented the statue, and of my predecessors on receiving it. 
 
 I shall bring my remarks to a close, and, in doing so, 
 permit me to quote a few sentences of the distinguished 
 man to whom we pay honor: 
 
 There can be no step backward. 
 
 It is idle to quarrel with the inevitable. 
 
 What has been done we can not undo. 
 
 Statesmanship has no concern with the past except to learn its lessons. 
 
 Recrimination and hostile criticism are worse than useless. 
 
 This is the concrete essence of wisdom. 
 Again he says: 
 
 Society is reenforced from the bottom and not from the top. Families 
 die out. Fortunes are dispersed. The recruits come from the farm, the 
 forge, and the workshop, and not from the club and the palace. Those 
 who will control the destinies of the twentieth century are now boys 
 wearing homespun and "hand-me-downs," and not the gilded youth, 
 clad ill puqile and fine linen and faring sumptuously ever} day. 
 
 1710205 4 
 
50 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 INGALLS was himself a notable illustration of the young 
 and aspiring- American, who, filled with the spirit of 
 adventure and high ambition, rises to the front of under 
 takings and soon achieves his way to the front of accom 
 plishment. Some, seeing the immensity of wealth and 
 power, grow depressed as to the future. Such an example 
 as his is the kind of example to keep forever before the 
 youths of our country, and if the silent lips of the image 
 which now stands in the Capitol shall bear fruitfully 
 this message from Statuary Hall to the days that are to 
 come, they will blossom in deeds which are worth} of 
 our previous history and may dissipate any cloud that 
 may gather on our horizon. Let it go forth to all the 
 brave youth of America and stir their breasts to high 
 endeavor. In America -let iis not forget that every day 
 is " opportunity," and the mettled horse for him who 
 can ride him stands here always saddled at the door. 
 
 The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on the 
 adoption of the concurrent resolution submitted by the 
 Senator from Kansas [Mr. Long] . 
 
 The concurrent resolution was unanimously agreed to. 
 
John J a nics lug a I Is. 51 
 
 Proceedings in the House of Representatives 
 
 <? 
 
 DECEMBER 16, 1904. 
 
 Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, I offer the following reso 
 lution, and ask unanimous consent for its present con 
 sideration. 
 
 The Clerk read as follows: 
 
 Repaired, That the exercises appropriate to the reception and accept 
 ance from the State of Kansas of the statue of JOHN J. INC.ALI.S, 
 erected in the old Hall of the House of Representatives, be made the 
 special order for Saturday, January 21, 190,5, at 3.30 o clock p. in. 
 
 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present con 
 sideration? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. 
 The question was taken, and the resolution was agreed to. 
 
 JANTARY 21, 1905. 
 
 Mr. Ci RTis. Mr. Speaker, I call up the resolution 
 which I send to the Clerk s desk, and ask unanimous 
 consent to proceed with its consideration at this time, 
 instead of waiting until 3 o clock. 
 
 The SPEAKER. The gentleman calls up a resolution 
 which will be reported by the Clerk, and asks unanimous 
 consent to proceed under it at this time. 
 
 The Clerk read as follows: 
 
 Resolved, That the exercises appropriate to the reception and accept 
 ance from the State of Kansas of the statue of JOHN J. INGAI.I.S, 
 erected in the old Hall of the House of Representatives, he made the 
 special order for Saturday, January 21, 1905, at 3.30 p. in. 
 
52 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 The SPEAKER. Is there objection? 
 
 There was no objection. 
 
 Accordingly, the House proceeded with the exercises 
 appropriate to the reception and acceptance from the State 
 of Kansas of the statue of JOHN J. INGALLS, erected in the 
 old Hall of the House of Representatives, with Mr. 
 Reeder in the chair as Speaker pro tempore. 
 
 Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask for the reading of the 
 letter which I send to the Clerk s desk. 
 
 The Clerk read as follows: 
 
 STATE OF KANSAS, EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, 
 
 Topeka, January //, /poj. 
 To the Senate and House of Representatives, Washington, J). C.: 
 
 Among the many distinguished men whose fame has honored the State 
 of Kansas the life of no one has added greater luster to its history thau 
 the life of JOHN JAMES INGAI^S. His name is indelibly inscribed upon 
 the most brilliant pages of the State s history. Grateful for his eminent 
 services and proud of his great achievements, the State legislature two 
 years ago made an appropriation for the purchase of a suitable statue as 
 a tribute to his memory, to be reared in Statuary Hall, where Congress 
 conferred upon his people the rare honor of providing a place for it. This 
 beautiful and precious piece of statuary is now ready for formal acceptance 
 by the Government, and in behalf of the legislature of Kansas and of the 
 people they and I represent, I have the great honor and pleasure of pre 
 senting it to the people of the United States and their representatives in 
 Congress assembled. 
 
 [SEAT,.] E. W. HOCH, Governor. 
 
John James Ingalls. 53 
 
 Address of Mr. Curtis, of Kansas 
 
 Mr. SPKAKKR: By an act passed in 1864, now forty years 
 ago, the Congress dedicated a portion of this great building 
 to the commemoration by all the vStates of the Union of 
 their illustrious dead. It was given to those States to 
 choose for themselves the sons whom each one would 
 honor. The chosen names must be so few that time and 
 careful choice should be absolutely necessary. The honor 
 done is very great, for this American Valhalla is not the 
 hall of resdstrv for an indiscriminate fame. He whose 
 
 <* J 
 
 statue stands here for the men and women and little 
 children of generations yet unborn to gaze upon may have 
 been a man distinguished in a national sense, and be 
 honored elsewhere, and also as one whose deeds were great 
 in the widest field that is offered to the work of human 
 brain and heart and hand. 
 
 But he who stands in bronze or marble here must also 
 have had an additional and a rarer distinction, for he must 
 have been honored, respected, perhaps even deeply loved, 
 by the people of his own State; by those who in his 
 time and their time knew him intimately and well with 
 all his sins upon him. It is an honor for which any 
 American, could he but know, might strive and starve his 
 whole life through, careless utterly of any other reward 
 the sum of his life might bring. For here at last is 
 parted the wheat from the chaff and the dross from the 
 
54 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 fine gold, and here stand in their last array those whose 
 names have survived the winnowing of the gods. 
 
 The States that confer such final honors upon their 
 sons are capable of bestowing gifts of the supremest value. 
 For each one that is now a star in the galaxy the most 
 brilliant the genius of free men has ever created was in 
 its da\- wrested from its primeval owners; carved out of 
 woods and swamp and prairie ; clad in the swaddling 
 clothes of a written constitution by toil-worn hands ; and 
 set at last amid its shining sisters by the courage, the 
 unrequited toils, and the unknown privations of those 
 Americans who lived not for themselves alone, and who 
 died unsung amid their might}- tasks. Their leaders 
 for there are always leaders were centurions, captains of 
 their hundreds, whose heads and hearts and dearest hopes 
 went to the doing of the immediate tasks they saw around 
 and before them. These men never dreamed of gratitude, 
 never worked for a reward, never thought of the recom 
 pense of fame. Peace to their ashes where they sleep on 
 green hillsides in unknown graves in every State. Un 
 heralded they came and unrewarded they have passed 
 away, living now in the blood and courage of their sons 
 and daughters, spent in fields that lie still nearer to the 
 setting sun. 
 
 Such a Commonwealth was earl}- Kansas, with such 
 beginnings and such men, but set apart and made 
 remarkable by still other characteristics. Among all the 
 States she was, even physically, the pioneer of a class, 
 a peculiar kind hitherto unknown to American enter 
 prise. For she was of the plains, and her boundaries as 
 a Territory placed her on the crest of that vast expanse 
 
John James Ingalls. 55 
 
 where a thousand swelling hills climbed higher and 
 higher against the western sky until they reached, 4,000 
 feet above sea level, the mighty escarpments of the 
 Rocky Mountains. Tradition said that such a laud was 
 never intended for the residence of white men. There 
 were no forests to cut away. The streams drawled idly 
 over leagues of sand. The winds came hot and strong 
 from the endless reaches of the Great Staked Plains. ( )ver 
 the grassy leagues wandered countless hosts of shaggy 
 beasts, put there by the beneficence of the red man s 
 Providence for the sustenance of these his children. 
 For this silent and grassy realm the white man s utter 
 most eastern boundary was the ashen river that had 
 been traversed by all the pioneers of a still older time, 
 but on whose western bank they had never found a 
 resting place, and beyond which there had never lin 
 gered a dream of that empire which u westward takes 
 its way." 
 
 Such was the State of Kansas only fifty years ago. 
 The white men who came to her then came as those 
 do who build their hopes and guide their lives upon 
 something that lies deeper than human prescience, and 
 who are led to their destiny or their doom by the will 
 of God. 
 
 So - the beginnings of all there is to-day in a region 
 apparently foreordained, if ordained at all, to be the nurse 
 of human fatuity and useless toil, came in 1858, now about 
 forty-seven years ago, a young man whose name was JOHN 
 JAMES INGALLS. He was 25 years old, unattached, a col 
 lege graduate, a lawyer by preparation and intention, culti- 
 tivated, acute, highly intelligent, and withal young, slender, 
 
56 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 and personally attractive. He was an adventurer in a field 
 where it would seem that every item of the situation was 
 against the possibility of final success for such as he. The 
 village of Lawrence, founded by his countrymen, had not 
 then entered upon its career as the "historic city" further 
 than that it was already the center of the free-state thought 
 and struggle, and that its citizens were even then doing 
 those things that drew upon them the flame and slaughter 
 that came a few years later. 
 
 Atchison, INGAIXS S later home, was a small town behind 
 a steamboat landing in the Missouri. Only three years 
 before had been driven on the bare and sterile hill above 
 the Kaw the stakes that marked the outlines of the town 
 that was later to become the Kansas capital. And beyond 
 it as far to the unknown southwest as the pioneer hopes 
 extended, there was not a single upland farm, while less 
 than a hundred miles to the westward still wandered the 
 shaggy brown herds whose empire all the land had been 
 from time immemorial. 
 
 Where was there here a scholar s career or a statesman s 
 field ? Yet it all came to this young man in the space of 
 the few years that followed. The voting man with his 
 inherited culture, his refined and educated tastes, stood 
 apparently unarmed and alone amid incongruous surround 
 ings. Yet the first thing he did was to acquire a love for 
 his adopted mother, and to become inspired by the far 
 horizon. He had a keen delight in freshness of the 
 untainted air, in the boundlessness of the view, in the 
 azure of the arching dome, -in the length and breadth 
 of the magnificent expanse. That this was true became 
 
John James lug alls. 57 
 
 evident a little later in IXGALLS S life, when on the printed 
 page he recalled the days of Regis Loisel and drew with 
 a poet s hand the surroundings of his daily life under the 
 familiar term of u Blue Grass." 
 
 If I have said that this young New Englander stood 
 in early Kansas unarmed and alone amid incongruous 
 surroundings, I beg to modify the statement. INC, ALLS 
 was always armed. Xo man ever encountered him 
 unready, and no antagonist ever retired from the arena 
 of combat with him unwounded and victorious. It was 
 the first leading quality of him that was noted by his 
 fellow-men as they successively came in contact with him 
 in those wars of words and ideas that in a free country 
 finally fix the beliefs and principles of mankind. It was 
 as well the quality oftenest misunderstood, oftenest mis 
 construed into a mere power of invective, almost diabol 
 ical in its scope, and that attacked any and all men, 
 everywhere. Those who knew IXGALLS longest will 
 probably all agree that no honestly mistaken man ever 
 felt the sting of that smooth and courteous invective. It 
 was, on the other hand, the weapon with which a fight 
 ing man in a fighting age, in the seething whirlpool 
 of formative politics, must win his way. IXGALLS and 
 his antagonist in the arena must always have reminded 
 the onlooker of the scene at Coilantogle ford as painted 
 by the greatest romantic novelist who ever lived. 
 
 Ill fared it then with Roderick Dim, 
 That on the field his targe he threw, 
 Whose bra/en studs and tough bullhide 
 Had death so often dashed aside. 
 For, trained abroad his arms to wield, 
 Fitz James s blade was sword and shield. 
 
58 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 This dominant trait of the man IXGALLS, this power of 
 the skillful swordsman always read}-, was a thing during 
 his whole life misunderstood. It was really the result of 
 the exercise of one of the rarest powers of the human 
 mind the power of quick perception and instant under 
 standing. His ability to quickly see, to know, and to 
 understand was almost intuitive, and it was sustained by a 
 command of his mother tongue and knowledge of words 
 and their uses that was marvelous. He was strangely 
 indifferent to the beckonings of the hand that leads the 
 sons of genius into the paths of literature; he wrote but 
 desultorily and at intervals, yet it can be easily demon 
 strated that he was perhaps the greatest descriptive writer 
 of the brief day in which he wrote at all. The poem that 
 smells of the midnight oil, the turgid essay that bears wit 
 ness to the sweat of the brow, were not for him. But in 
 all he did of literature he struck as sharply with his pen as 
 with that rapier of speech that was always at his side. In 
 a literature that is small in volume and priceless in charac 
 ter he carved cameos by touch, and the} were instantly 
 done and cast aside, gems that anyone might have who 
 chose to carry them away. 
 
 There were thousands who misunderstood the rare intel 
 lectuality I have attempted to describe, for it is in the 
 course of nature that a man like this is largely isolated 
 from his fellows by the nature of his case. Yet at a pecul 
 iar crisis in the politics of Kansas they were the qualities 
 which brought him forward and placed him in the Senate. 
 But he was not even then new and unknown. He had 
 entered politics at the beginning of his career. He was a 
 member of the convention at .Wvandotte that drafted the 
 
Jo/in James Inga/ls. 59 
 
 present constitution of Kansas. His work is in every para 
 graph, for he is said to have had as his special task the 
 molding into clear and vigorous English the provision:; of 
 that organic law. It was he who chose the characteristic 
 motto of the shield, "Ad astra per aspera," and this in three 
 words acknowledged the difficulties of the beginnings and 
 foretold the glories which were so soon to come. 
 
 Later I NO ALLS was secretary of the Territorial council, 
 and still a little later was a member of the State senate. 
 These were the educational beginnings of his political 
 career. It was the day of small things for all that lay west 
 of the Missouri. In the town of Atchison he made himself 
 a home and lived as other men, intent upon the affairs of 
 daily life, cherishing the home he had made and the family 
 that liad grown about his knees, with an even greater 
 devotion than he ever showed to any of the interests which 
 later clustered about a life that was lived in the public eye. 
 
 The story of that public life is still remembered in many 
 of its details. Mr. INGALLS passed eighteen years in the 
 United States Senate. They were years during which the 
 Congress in both its branches was rilled with stalwart men. 
 It was the reconstructive period that followed the greatest 
 war of modern times. In it lived Klaine and Garfield and 
 Conkling and Butler and Logan. They were the days of 
 Grant, and, in their beginnings, Charles Simmer died. The 
 rugged veterans of their country s battles, the skilled sol 
 diers who had commanded her armies in the field, came 
 again to these Halls to make her laws. There were 
 episodes in those days that will never occur again; there 
 were scenes no pen has yet described. 
 
60 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 It was during these years that INGALLS achieved for his 
 State a fame that has not yet grown dim. The man from 
 the rim of the desert gave the world for the first time to 
 understand that it might hereafter expect from that far 
 country legends other than those of calamity and woe. 
 He was the first to give adequate expression to the new 
 ideas and ideas of a great State whose nursing mother had 
 been sorrow, whose atmosphere had been full of strife, the 
 very stones of whose foundations had been laid in blood. 
 The remarkable story of all that preceded INGALLS is not 
 for me to tell here. Largely he created the changed senti 
 ment that since his day has been attached to Kansas and 
 to the men and women nurtured on her soil. 
 
 Finally there came the rise of that which for want of a 
 better name has come to be known as the western agrarian 
 movement. It was a political movement not confined to 
 Kansas, but there it had its highest rise, and later its pro- 
 foundest fall. No one has ever described it accurately, for 
 its followers and adherents have themselves almost ceased 
 to be interested in the story of that which they at one time 
 seem to have believed was a doctrine that involved the 
 salvation of all that Americans hold dear. 
 
 At the height of this new doctrine Mr. INGALLS S third 
 term in the Senate came to an end, and he was defeated for 
 reelection. It was not a personal defeat, and he was but 
 the subject of an animosity that was really directed against 
 that which he was imagined to strongly represent. Neither 
 the Cavalier nor the Roundhead in their day paused to 
 analyze the personal characteristics each of the other. In 
 
Jo/in James f//^a//s. 61 
 
 Kansas the party which was victorious at the polls wanted 
 their fitting Senator, and got him. 
 
 Agrarianism has had its day. The State which gave 
 Blaiue 180,000 votes in 1884 gave in its slow recovery 
 125,000 majority for Roosevelt in 1904. With the slow 
 change back to the Augustan age, and the spirit of the 
 imperial days that made Kansas all she is, came a recrudes 
 cence of admiration for and sympathy with her greatest 
 man. He was not there to explain his own brilliant life 
 and advocate his cause. The hearts of the men of Kansas 
 turned back to him alone. By an act of their legislature 
 they have placed his counterfeit presentment here as their 
 tribute to his memory. Mr. INC, ALLS in his lifetime could 
 have asked nothing more, and the love of his fellow- 
 citizens could give nothing less. Yet this monument is 
 for the the world at large. Xo Kansas schoolboy will ever 
 need it to remind him who that man was, or what he did, 
 who was named "Joiix JA.MKS IXGALLS." 
 
62 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 Address of Mr. Clark, of Missouri 
 
 Mr. SPEAKER: In the very heart of the continent, lying 
 side by side, are the magnificent Commonwealths of 
 Missouri and Kansas. Neither northern nor southern, 
 neither eastern nor western, they are the great central 
 States of the Union. A circle with Kansas City for its 
 center and with a radius of 300 miles would contain 
 more land of the richest quality than any other circle of 
 equal size on the habitable globe. Within its circum 
 ference can be produced all the necessaries and most of 
 the luxuries of human life. Cultivated as scientifically 
 as Belgium or Holland, Missouri and Kansas could sustain 
 a population equal to that of the entire Republic at the 
 present time. 
 
 It is, however, not in their phenomenal wealth of 
 material resources and possibilities that these two States 
 are most lavishly blessed, but in their superb citizenship. 
 
 In the early day Missourians and Kansans, inheriting 
 from the fathers a bitter, irrepressible, historic quarrel for 
 which they were in no way responsible, were at daggers 
 points, and led "the strenuous life." Now, acting on the 
 noble philosophy that "Peace hath her victories no less 
 renowned than war," they are illustrating the virtues of 
 "the simple life." Love, which laughs at locksmiths, has 
 broken down the lines of demarcation. Missouri boys 
 have married Kansas girls, and Kansas boys have married 
 
Jo/in J a Hies Ittgctlls, 63 
 
 Missouri girls, until we are all getting to l)e kinfolks. 
 The blend is the highest type of American manhood 
 and womanhood. Missourians and Kansans are rivals now 
 only in patriotism in intellectual, moral, religious, and 
 material achievement. They are leaders in the nation s 
 triumphal progress, the true story of which is more mar 
 velous than any tale out of the Arabian Nights. 
 
 It was a matter of ineffable pride with the people west 
 of the Mississippi that for many years the two most 
 brilliant speakers in the Senate of the United States lived 
 on the sunset side of the great river George Graham 
 Vest, of Missouri, and JOHN JAMKS IXGALLS, of Kansas. 
 
 They were the opposites of each other in almost every 
 thing in nativity, in lineage, in methods of thought, in 
 style of oratory, and in politics. INC; ALLS boasted that 
 he was a " Xew England Brahmin," whatever that may 
 be. Vest was a fine sample of the Kentuckian, "caught 
 young enough " and transplanted to the rich alluvial soil 
 of Missouri. 
 
 Both had classical educations, INGALLS being an alum 
 nus of Williams College, Massachusetts, and Vest of 
 Center College, Kentucky two famous seats of learning. 
 Both delighted in the wisdom of the ancients and the 
 moderns and both reveled in the poets. 
 
 IXGALLS was a judge-advocate of Kansas militia for a 
 short while ; Vest served oti Price s staff a few days. 
 
 INGALLS S speeches were composed largely of aqua 
 fortis, dynamite, and Greek fire; Vest s were a mixture 
 of vitriol, sweet oil, rosewater, naphtha, and gun cotton. 
 
64 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 Danton s motto was: "L audace! L audace! Toujours 
 1 audace!" IXGALLS S weapon was u Sarcasm! Sarcasm! 
 always sarcasm ! " In that regard he ranks with Tristam 
 Burges, John Randolph of Roanoke, Thaddens Stevens, 
 and Thomas Brackett Reed. Vest tempered his sarcasm 
 with genial humor which cured the wound which he 
 had inflicted. 
 
 INGALLS possessed the most copious and most gorgeous 
 vocabulary of his day, more copious and more gorgeous, 
 indeed, than that of any other American orator except 
 Henry A. Wise ; and was the most painstaking precisian 
 in the use of our vernacular who has appeared in our 
 Congressional life. He burnished his sentences till they 
 glittered as a gem. He was well qualified to write an 
 unabridged dictionary or a book on synonyms. Clearly 
 he thought with Holland that: 
 
 The temple of art is built of words. Painting and sculpture and music 
 are but the blazon of its windows, borrowing all their significance from 
 the light, and suggestive only of the temple s uses. 
 
 Vest s diction was rich, but the construction of his sen 
 tences lacked evidence of the severe and repeated polishings 
 to which the caustic Kansan subjected his. If he used as 
 much art, he employed the rarer art of concealing its use. 
 
 Each wielded the scimiter of Saladin rather than the 
 two-handed broadsword of Richard Coeur de Lion. 
 
 IXGALLS was tall, slender, and erect as a grenadier ; Vest 
 was short, rotund, and walked with the proverbial student s 
 stoop. 
 
 INGALLS neglected none of the accessories of public 
 speech. He looked well to the stage settings. He was a 
 
John James Ingalls. 65 
 
 connoisseur in costumes. Neither Roscoe Conkling nor 
 Solomon in all his glory was more splendidly arrayed. He 
 followed in letter and in spirit the advice of Polonius to 
 Laertes : 
 
 Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy, 
 
 But not expressed in fancy; rich, not gaudy; 
 
 For the apparel oft proclaims the man. 
 
 Vest enjoyed the comforts of good raiment, but cared 
 nothing for the adornments. 
 
 In the strictest acceptation of the term, Vest was never 
 popular in Missouri and INGALLS was never popular in 
 Kansas. They had a wondrous hold on the admiration, 
 but not on the affections, of their constituents. Thinking 
 of Vest, a man is proud to call himself a Missourian. 
 Thinking of IXGALLS, another is proud to call himself a 
 Kansan. Thinking of either of them, one is proud to call 
 himself an American. 
 
 Each, through sheer brilliancy of intellect and soul- 
 stirring eloquence, aroused intensest enthusiasm among his 
 countrymen. Men listened to Vest and INGALLS just as 
 they listen to the thrilling strains of entrancing music, but 
 the frenzy of rapture which the}- engendered is not ade 
 quately expressed by the paltry word "popularity." It was 
 delirious delight! 
 
 When either addressed the multitude, he so warmed 
 their hearts that 
 
 They threw their caps 
 
 As they would hang them on the horns o the moon, 
 
 Shouting their exultation. 
 
 1710205 5 
 
66 Acceptance of Stattte of 
 
 It is a queer fact perhaps a regrettable one that these 
 two celebrated intellectual gladiators never engaged in an 
 oratorical pitched battle in the Senate. Such a duel would 
 have been worth journeying across the continent to wit 
 ness. Each being in perfect fettle, with a subject of suffi 
 cient historic importance, a contest betwixt them ought 
 to have rivaled the Webster-Hayne debate in enduring 
 interest. 
 
 Kansans are paying their highest meed of praise to 
 INGALLS by placing his effigy, carved by a cunning hand 
 from Parian marble, in Statuary Hall, the great American 
 Valhalla, where our choicest worthies, do congregate for 
 posterity. Missouri would do the same for Vest but for 
 the fact that her quota in that illustrious company was 
 filled while he still tabernacled in the flesh. 
 
 ING ALLS preceded Vest to the grave, and in the Saturday 
 Evening Post the brilliant Missourian said, inter alia, 
 touching the brilliant Kansan: 
 
 Of all the public men with whom I have served JOHN JAMES 
 of Kansas, was the most original and eccentric. He was a living enigma, 
 and I could never fully understand his motives and the many-sided phases 
 of his character. He had a strong, daring intellect, which defied all limi 
 tations, and was an eloquent, attractive speaker, with a wealth of imagi 
 nation and diction which was inexhaustible. He was at times cynical 
 and morose, but was a great word painter and could express the most 
 elevated thoughts in language so beautiful as to fascinate his hearers. 
 Above all, he was an iconoclast, and nothing delighted him so much as to 
 startle and even shock the staid and dignified Senate by the utterance of 
 opinion utterly at variance with the settled belief of many centuries. 
 
 I do not believe that INGALI^S was malicious or bad hearted. He was 
 an expert in denunciation and could not resist the temptation of exhibit 
 ing his wonderful capability in that regard to the .world. He loved 
 poetry, music, painting, sculpture, and the beautiful in nature. His 
 prose poem on Blue Grass, published in a Kansas magazine before he 
 came to the United States Senate, is a marvel in literature, and I am glad 
 
John James Itigalh. 67 
 
 to know that a sentence from that essay is to be inscril>e(l on the granite 
 l>owlder which marks his grave. The sentence is the one in which he 
 eulogi/es the blue grass sward, beneath which he sleeps, as a "carpet for 
 the infant and a blanket for the dead." 
 
 * * * * * 
 
 Senator INGALLS was a master of satire and invective, being unable to 
 resist the temptation to attack any of his colleagues, even those of his own 
 party, whose record or character presented a vulnerable point for assault. 
 On one occasion, when President pro tempore of the Senate, he called 
 another Senator to the chair, and going down on the floor, made a vicious 
 personal attack upon Senator Brown, of Georgia,, one of the most amiable 
 and courteous members of the Senate. The venerable Georgian was sit 
 ting quietly looking over a committee report when a cyclone of satire and 
 vituperation burst upon him without the slightest notice of its coming. 
 The look of astonishment on the amiable countenance of the victim, as 
 verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and epithets filled the air, caused a 
 ripple of amusement through the Senate; but the climax was reached 
 when I NO ALLS alluded to a habit Senator Brown had when speaking of 
 gently rubbing one hand over the other, by quoting Hood s lines: 
 And then, in the fullness of joy and hope, 
 Seemed washing his hands with invisible soap 
 
 In imperceptible water. 
 
 At this critical moment Senator Brown looked down at the offending 
 members as if inquiring why they had brought on the volcanic eruption 
 which was blazing about him. 
 
 The late Senator George Frisbie Hoar, in his autobiog 
 raphy, says: 
 
 JOHN JAMES INGALLS was in many respects one of the brightest intel 
 lects I ever knew. He was graduated at Williams in 1855. One of the 
 few things, I don t know but I might say the only thing, for which he 
 seemed to have any reverence was the character of Mark Hopkins. He 
 was a very conspicuous figure in the debates of the Senate. He had 
 an excellent English style, always impressive, often on fit occasions 
 rising to great stateliness and beauty. He was for a while President pro 
 tempore of the Senate, and was the l>est presiding officer I have ever 
 known there for conducting ordinary business. He maintained in the 
 chair always his stately dignity of bearing and speech. The formal 
 phrases with which he declared the action of the Senate or stated questions 
 for its decision seemed to be a fitting part of some stately ceremonial. He 
 did not care much about the principles of parliamentary law, and had 
 never been a very thorough student of the rules. So his decisions did not 
 have the same authority as those of Mr. Wheeler or Mr. Edmunds or Mr. 
 Hamlin. 
 
68 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 I said to him one day: " I think you are the best presiding officer I ever 
 knew, but I do not think you know much about parliamentary law." To 
 which he replied: " I think the sting is bigger than the bee." 
 
 He never lost an opportunity to indulge his gift of caustic wit, no mat 
 ter at whose expense. 
 
 Mr. Eugene W. Newman, who writes much and felici 
 tously under the nom de plume of " Savoyard," character 
 izes ING ALLS as " the wizard of the English tongue," and 
 says of him: 
 
 JOHN JAMES iNGAiyLS was an extraordinary man. By no means the 
 ablest, he was perhaps the most brilliant Senator in Congresses conspicu 
 ous for exceptionally brilliant men. He was born in New England, of 
 Puritan, not Pilgrim, parentage; of the Endicott, not the Carver, exodus; 
 of the Salem, not the Plymouth, regime. In a sort of mirage of tradition 
 the family is traced back to the Scandinavian kings and peoples who 
 grafted Dane and Norman on Briton and Saxon. The name is in Domes 
 day Book. President Garfield and Chief Justice Chase had like origin; 
 indeed, the same origin. 
 
 rose to be one of the chief figures in American politics and 
 success came at his command. He never courted it. He was a poet, and 
 never so lonesome as when in a crowd. Lamar was another of that order 
 of man. INGALLS was not "a man of the people," emphatically not, and 
 could not successfully employ the arts of the vulgar demagogue. He 
 could just as easily have uplifted the club of Hercules or stricken with the 
 hammer of Thor. Honors came to him grudgingly and churlishly, and 
 solely because he was the first intellect and the one genius in the Kansas 
 that knew Dudley C. Haskell and Preston B. Plumb. 
 
 These three Vest, Hoar, and Newman are competent 
 and distinguished witnesses. Perhaps the average opinion 
 of their evidences would properly and truly portray JOHN 
 JAMES ING ALLS. As Dryden described Halifax so may 
 INGALLS be described : 
 
 Of piercing wit and pregnant thought, 
 Endued by nature and by learning taught 
 To move assemblies. 
 
 Mr. Speaker, Kansas acts wisely in honoring JOHN 
 JAMES INGALLS, for in honoring him she also honors 
 herself. [Loud applause.] 
 
Jo/in James Ingalls. 69 
 
 Address of Mr. Gibson, of Tennessee 
 
 Mr. SPEAKER: I rise to speak of INGALLS and Kansas. 
 INGALLS Kansas; Kansas INGALLS! One name sug 
 gests the other. They are as indissolubly connected as 
 are the names of Webster and Massachusetts, of Clay 
 and Kentucky, or of Calhoun and South Carolina. When 
 the name of INGALLS is mentioned in the hearing of a man 
 acquainted with his record and the history of his State 
 there rises at once in the memory and imagination the 
 figure of a man, tall, slender, and straight, looming up 
 above the treeless plains of Kansas as conspicuously as 
 a lonely and lofty monolith above the sandy plains of 
 Egypt; and so, when the name of Kansas is spoken, we 
 have a picture of a beautiful country framing the portrait 
 of INGALLS, her greatest son. 
 
 KANSAS THE CHILD OF CONFLICT 
 
 Kansas has a romantic and peculiar history. She is the 
 only one of the new States that was born amid the smoke 
 of battle and whose cradle was rocked by the bloody hand 
 of civil war. Her plains beheld the preliminary skir 
 mishes of that great conflict which for four years shook 
 the continent of North America and appalled the whole 
 world by its magnitude and its animosity. The North 
 and the South struggled for her possession while she was 
 yet in her infancy. The early immigrants to Kansas came 
 
70 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 armed with rifles, revolvers, and bowie knives, and they 
 soon found it necessary to beat their plowshares into 
 swords and their pruning hooks into spears and learn war 
 instead of peace. I lived through those days, and well do 
 I remember how the North sent forth her armed bands to 
 hold the land and how the South sent forth her fiery 
 sons to stay and turn back the tide of northern invasion. 
 The South conceded Nebraska to the North, but claimed 
 Kansas as her own, and appealed to her loyal sons to vindi 
 cate her claim. 
 
 Sons of the South, awake, arise, 
 
 To fight for Kansas land, 
 With valor gleaming in your eyes 
 
 And ballots in your hand; 
 For Kansas to the South belongs, 
 
 Nebraska to the North, 
 And if we do not right our wrongs 
 
 What is our valor worth ? 
 
 Such was the appeal made by the South, and hei 
 impulsive sons enthusiastically responded. 
 
 THE BATTLE CRIES OF THE COMBATANTS. 
 
 The North answered the challenge with equal spirit. 
 
 One and all, hear our call 
 
 Echo through the land! 
 Aid us with a willing heart 
 
 And the strong right hand! 
 
 Feed the spark the Pilgrims struck 
 
 On old Plymouth Rock! 
 To the watch fires of the free 
 
 Millions glad shall flock! 
 
 Ho, brothers! Come, brothers! 
 
 Hasten all with me! 
 We ll sing upon the Kansas plains 
 
 A song of Liberty ! 
 
John James lugalls. 71 
 
 And so with rival songs, hostile watchwords, and parti 
 san battle cries it was not long before the contending 
 hosts began to substitute bullets for ballots and the flame 
 of fire for the torch of knowledge. Political passion ran 
 wild on the plains of Kansas, even before the buffalo had 
 departed or the red Indian had taken down his wigwam; 
 and amazing indeed to them must have been the spec 
 tacle of white man fighting white man, paleface slaying 
 paleface, Americans butchering Americans, Christians 
 massacring Christians the divine gospel of love metamor 
 phosed by the demon of an ungovernable passion into 
 the infernal gospel of hate. 
 
 THE SCENES OF IXGALLS S YOUTH 
 
 Amid such scenes of horror and distress ING ALLS passed 
 his young manhood. He beheld the proslavery men in 
 death struggle with the free-state men. He witnessed the 
 guerrillas, the bushwhackers, and the border ruffians pil 
 laging the land ; he heard his friends denounced as black 
 Republicans, abolitionists, and jayhawkers; the terrors 
 wrought by Osawatomie Brown among the proslavery men 
 and by Missouri Quantrell among the free-state men filled 
 even- home with horrible apprehensions and conjured up 
 nightmares for every bed. INGALLS saw assaults grow 
 into murders and murders grow into massacres; he saw 
 house burnings grow into conflagrations, and conflagrations 
 sweep away villages, towns, and cities, until his State was 
 red with human blood and black with the charred ruins of 
 burned homesteads. Murder, robbery, and arson ran 
 rioting through the land ; the laws were trampled under 
 foot, and chaos and pandemonium had come again. 
 
72 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 No wonder she was called "Bleeding Kansas!" for verily 
 she bled as no other Territory or State of the American 
 Union has bled. 
 
 She saw her sons with purple death expire, 
 Her sacred domes involved in rolling fire; 
 A dreadful series of intestine wars, 
 Inglorious triumphs, and dishonest scars. 
 
 Trained amid these surroundings, sympathizing intensely 
 with his adopted State in her sufferings, thoroughly indig 
 nant at those who had laid waste her habitations and 
 slaughtered her citizens, and longing for the chance to 
 speak as her champion and strike as her vindicator and 
 avenger, INGALLS became transfigured into the very per 
 sonification of Kansas, and all the emotions, memories, 
 spirations, and passions of his State throbbed in his 
 heart, seethed in his brain, flashed in his eyes, and flamed 
 in his speech. 
 
 His oratory was characteristic of Kansas in the troublous 
 times of his young manhood ; his invective was as terrible 
 as the onslaughts of John Brown and his raiders; his 
 irony as bitter as a jayhawker s answer to an appeal for 
 mercy ; his imagination as lofty and lurid as the flames 
 which filled the skies when Lawrence was burned by 
 Quantrell s guerrillas and its citizens massacred; his sar 
 casm was as cutting and relentless as a bowie knife in 
 the hands of a border ruffian; his indignation as fiery 
 and thunderous as a charge of free-state men upon the 
 bushwhackers of the border, and his logic as pitiless and 
 as irresistible as the cyclones which tore through the 
 State from the Rockies to the rivers, annihilating every 
 thing in their pathway. But he always fought in the 
 
John James Ing alls. 73 
 
 open, sometimes like an Ishmaelite, giving no mercy and 
 receiving none; but at all times, and under all circum 
 stances, loved by his State of Kansas and feared by her 
 
 enemies. 
 
 INGALLS IN THE SENATE 
 
 Thus trained, thus educated in the troubled school of 
 fratricidal war, thus inspired with the tremendous emotions 
 born of the earthquake throes of those awful times, JOHN 
 JAMES INGALLS came to the front of the platform of 
 public life; and after serving in the councils of his State 
 for a season was, in January, 1873, elected a Senator in 
 the Congress of the United States, and for eighteen 
 years from the day he took his seat he was one of the 
 shining figures in that grand body of good and great men. 
 
 We do not judge a lion by comparison with wolves, 
 for the contrast does not so much magnify the lion as 
 it portrays the despicable nature of the wolf. To judge 
 a lion he must be compared with lions. So to judge 
 INGALLS we must not place him with ordinary men. 
 A Senator stands for a million men, and a great Senator 
 stands for many Senators. INGALLS was a great Senator- 
 great amid such Senators as Bayard, Ben. H. Hill, John 
 A. Logan, George F. Hoar, Roscoe Conkling, Allen G. 
 Thurman, Isham G. Harris, George F. Edmunds, Matt H. 
 Carpenter, and John Sherman. 
 
 He was a giant among giants, and of them all none 
 more picturesque, none with such a distinctive individu 
 ality, none that rose higher in the sublime atmosphere of 
 loftv intellectualitv. And when INGALLS left the Senate 
 
74 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 he stepped forth upon a broader and loftier arena and 
 became henceforth more than a distinguished son of Kan 
 sas, he became one of the great men of America and of 
 the world 
 
 One of the few, the immortal names, 
 That were not born to die. 
 
 ING ALLS HIS STATE S FAVORITE SON 
 
 Such, then, being the history and character of the man; 
 such being his inspiration and his devotion; such his 
 genius and his fame; such his personification of all that 
 was best and brightest, most patriotic, most famous, and 
 most characteristic in her history, it was most fitting that 
 the State of Kansas should select him as her most illus 
 trious representative and her most distinguished citizen, 
 to stand forth in these halls in imperishable marble as 
 long as this Capitol shall stand, and as long as the 
 Nation shall live. 
 
 And I pray God that the nation may live forever, and 
 ever grow in greatness and in glory; and that this Capitol 
 may remain undisturbed by the elements, unshaken by 
 earthquakes, and unmarred by the wrath or the folly of 
 man, for many, many generations; and that there shall 
 remain under this imperial Dome, as an inspiration to the 
 youth of the land and a perpetual memorial of the love 
 of a State for a favorite son, this sublime statue erected 
 here in this Hall of Glory by the great State of Kansas 
 in honor of her greatest and best beloved son, JOHN 
 JAMES INGALLS! [Loud applause.] 
 
John James Ingalls. 
 
 Address of Mr. Bowersock, of Kansas 
 
 Mr. SPEAKER: New England born, Kansas bred. New 
 England supplied largely the mind, brawn, and blood that 
 fed the fires of freedom in Kansas, and that led to the tri 
 umph of free-state principles. Kansas grew from a New 
 England sprout transplanted. A new soil, a different air, 
 a unique environment is maturing a tree with roots of 
 Puritan mold, but with a trunk and some branches that 
 have taken shape that may come of higher altitude, erratic 
 winds, divergent soil, tempestuous birth time, and baptism 
 of blood, fire, and rapine. 
 
 Kansas, born like man in travail, cradled in struggle, 
 schooled in calamity, maturing after barren reforms 
 needed, in order to triumph over internal strife, emigrant 
 freaks, and climatic extremes, a type of men made for the 
 occasion and the event. In the history of the world, as a 
 rule, when the times required the man, behold there the 
 man was. 
 
 "We are on the eve of a great national transaction, a 
 transaction that will close a cycle in the history of our 
 country," said Seward, in the Kansas-Nebraska debate. 
 Two men came out of New England and immigrated to 
 Kansas to help close this "cycle." Two men who have 
 made a higher mark for much that is best, and to be best, 
 it may be, in Kansas than any others. One came in the 
 prime and strength of manhood; the other in the glory 
 and enthusiasm of youth. One gave his most earnest and 
 
76 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 fearless efforts to laying the foundations of the Common 
 wealth from within; the other, while a pioneer, gave to 
 Kansas the best years of his life outside the boundaries of 
 his State in the councils of the highest legislative body 
 on earth. 
 
 I was asked some years ago for a personal expression 
 of my judgment as to which two men belonging to 
 Kansas and a part of her history and achievement should 
 the people honor by giving them a place in the Statuary 
 Hall of the nation. Without hesitation I replied Charles 
 Robinson and JOHN J. INGALLS. 
 
 It has been said, "Once a Kansan always a Kansan." 
 INGALLS loved Kansas. It may be said of him, in his 
 own words, referring to A. D. Richardson: 
 
 Kansas exercised the same fascination over him that she does over 
 all who have yielded to her spell. There are some women whom to 
 have once loved renders it impossible ever to love again. As the 
 "gray and melancholy main" to the sailor, the desert to the Bedouin, 
 the Alps to the mountaineer, so is Kansas to all her children. 
 
 INGALLS was a human electric motor, driven by a 
 generator that gathered an 3 concentrated force from the 
 great plains of his adopted State and sending out light 
 ning current and spark, that, caustic like, seared and 
 burned sham and evil and struck down oppression and 
 wrong. 
 
 He could cut quickly and deep, and he could salve a 
 wound as gently as a mother soothes a babe. The thun 
 derbolt always accompanies the tornado, the rain and 
 the sunshine follow after. 
 
 He was an artist, not with brush and pallet, but with 
 words fitly picturing thoughts of force and beauty. Few 
 men s thoughts ever had more apt and complete expression. 
 
John James Ingalls. 77 
 
 Often incisive and irresistible as a mountain blizzard, 
 again as mild and refreshing as a Kansas zephyr. 
 
 He has been removed from the center of the stage, but 
 not from the ken of men. Within the month one of the 
 gifted writers of the capital city wrote of him as the 
 ls most brilliant man in the United States Senate," a 
 distinction Mr. INGALLS would never have claimed. 
 
 And George R. Peck, honored and loved by Kansans, 
 and who honors Kansas, said of him: 
 
 He was a scholar, and all his tastes were scholarly and refined. His 
 knowledge of words and his unerring skill in choosing always the right 
 one were proverbial. In debate I believe he was superior to John Ran 
 dolph, who in his day was the terror of his opponents. He was such a 
 splendid fighter that main- people think of him only as the great master 
 of invective and of pitiless sarcasm; but read " Blue Grass " or his article 
 on Albert Dean Richardson, or his beautiful tribute to Ben. Hill, and the 
 kindly elements of his nature become strongly and sweetly visible. 
 
 But, after all, may not the home life of the true man 
 and the truly great man be the highest test? INGALLS 
 stands revealed in the public searchlight; and in the mel 
 lower, softer, ofttimes somber, but more trying, light of 
 home and fireside he was devoted, kind, respected, loved. 
 
 Whether in the convention framing the constitution of 
 Kansas, in the legislature, or as judge-advocate of volun 
 teers, as editor, as United States Senator, as President of 
 the Senate, he was always unique, isolated, yet most kindly 
 approachable, brilliant, incisive, clear, masterly. Some 
 one has said: 
 
 Acts are only symbols of the soul. God seeks the soul behind the 
 symbol. 
 
 Pigmies are pigmies still, though percht on Alps; 
 And pyramids are pyramids in vales. 
 Each man makes his own stature, builds himself. 
 Soul grandeur only gives the measure of the man. 
 
 [Loud applause.] 
 
78 Acceptance of Statiie of 
 
 Address of Mr. Wiley, of Alabama 
 
 Mr. SPEAKER: The act of Congress, passed in 1864, 
 converted the deserted old Hall of the House of Repre 
 sentatives into a national gallery. Under the provisions 
 of that law each State of the American Union has the 
 legislative authority to select from among her celebrated 
 dead the two citizens most worthy the honor of occupying 
 a place in that historic Chamber, rendered sacred by 
 enduring statues, which recall the traditions and tell the 
 story of our national life of battles fought and victories 
 won by the courage, and of liberty preserved by the 
 genius, of Anglo-Saxon manhood. 
 
 A world-renowned Roman orator once declared : 
 
 I hold that no man deserves to be crowned with honor whose life is a 
 failure. He who only lives to eat and drink and accumulate money is 
 a failure. The world is no better for his being in it. He never wiped a 
 tear from a sad face, never kindled a fire on a frozen hearth. I repeat 
 with emphasis he is a failure. There is no flesh in his heart. L/et no such 
 man be honored. 
 
 But the converse of the proposition is equally true. It 
 is our bounden duty to devise adequate measures to the 
 end that the worthy great shall not be forgotten. To 
 perpetuate in stone or marble or bronze or brass the 
 memory of those who have rendered distinguished service 
 to their country, to science, or humanity is an imperative 
 responsibility that can not be evaded. It is a laudable 
 purpose to erect statues or build monuments to com 
 memorate the valor, patriotism, or useful deeds of our 
 
John James Ingalls. 79 
 
 illustrious dead on the bloody fields of war and in the 
 busy pursuits of peace; to the soldier, statesman, orator, 
 jurist, philosopher, scientist, artist, historian, poet, humani 
 tarian, and philanthropist; to the captains of industrial 
 development and commercial enterprise, as well as to 
 those unselfish members of society who devote fheir lives 
 and spend their fortunes in relieving suffering humanity. 
 To keep from oblivion "the immortal names that were 
 not born to die is but a paltry recognition of the never- 
 ending obligation posterity owes to them. 
 
 In yon Hall of Fame are costly memorials, contributed 
 by the different States of the Union, which will serve to 
 keep fresh in our memories the heroic endeavors put forth 
 by our intrepid forefathers in subduing the wilderness, in 
 conquering the savage red man, in resisting cruel oppres 
 sions, in protecting popular rights, and in preserving con 
 stitutional liberty. These monuments perpetuate the 
 virtues and the valor of the brave, free, independent, and 
 Christian men who built this magnificent Government of 
 ours in a form so grand and enduring as to excite the 
 wonder and challenge the admiration of the civilized 
 world. 
 
 The sovereign State of Kansas has placed in Statuary 
 Hall a marble effigy of JOHN J. IXGALLS, as one of her 
 two most useful and eminent citizens; and her sister 
 States, through their representatives in Congress assem 
 bled, delight to share in his greatness and renown, in 
 his glory and fame, as a common heritage of a common 
 country, and are here to-day to participate in the interest 
 ing exercises which solemnize this occasion, and to assist 
 
8o Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 in doing honor to the memory of this extraordinary 
 character. 
 
 In this connection we are reminded of those beautiful 
 lines in Gray s Elegy : 
 
 The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power, 
 And all that beauty, all that wealth e er gave, 
 Await alike the inevitable hour. 
 The paths of glory lead but to the grave. 
 
 A plaintive poem, more expressive of lamentation than 
 even this funeral song, is contained in ING ALIAS S own 
 words. In one of his characteristic obituary addresses 
 pronounced in the Federal Senate he exclaimed : 
 
 In the democracy of the dead all men are equal. There is neither rank 
 nor station nor prerogative in the republic of the grave. At this fatal 
 threshold the philosopher ceases to be wise and the song of the poet is 
 silent. Dives relinquishes his millions and Lazarus his rags. * * * 
 
 Here at last is Nature s final decree in equity. The wrongs of time are 
 redressed. Injustice is expiated, the irony of fate is refuted, the unequal 
 distribution of wealth, honor, capacity, pleasure, and opportunity, which 
 make life such a cruel and inexplicable tragedy, ceases in the realm of 
 death. The strongest there has no supremacy and the weakest needs no 
 defense. The mightest captain succumbs to that invincible adversary, 
 who disarms alike the victor and the vanquished. 
 
 One of the bravest and brainiest spirits that ever dwelt 
 on earth passed forever from the walks of men when JOHN 
 J. INGALLS breathed his life away. His personality was 
 picturesque. His bearing, always stately but never haughty 
 nor supercilious, was that of the dignified patrician con 
 scious of his own honorable lineage and proud of his noble 
 blood. His ideals were sublime and soul inspiring. 
 " Wrapt in the solitude " of his own uplifting thoughts, 
 his feet trod the rugged trails along and across high 
 mountain tops, far beyond " the hoarse clamor of dema 
 gogues," where alone he might breathe heaven s pure air 
 
John James Ing alls. 81 
 
 and commune with Nature s God, learning the divine 
 truth that the murky cloud, which brings to-day a blessing 
 while it hides the light, is but the merest shadow His great 
 love draws out and His own glorious rainbow of promise 
 consecrates forever; up yonder close to the shining stars, 
 where 
 
 Each purple peak, each flinty spire, 
 Is bathed in floods of living fire. 
 
 His form towered above the common range. Classical 
 and serene was his brow. Wisdom gave to his face "an 
 ornament of grace." He wore upon his head the dignity of 
 kingly power; his soul possessed a dauntless heroism. 
 The lordly virtues of truth and courage led him in honor s 
 pathway and committed to him an everlasting "crown of 
 glory." These attributes proclaimed him while living a 
 prince among men. As was said of another: 
 
 All things adorned Aristippus appearance, size, manners, and every 
 thing else. 
 
 Nature with lavish hand decorated him in such marked 
 degree that he could not avoid arresting the gaze of man 
 kind, even in the company of thousands. 
 
 He was patriotic from principle, and not in the narrow 
 sense of personal or political advantage. His life was 
 spent in the service of his country, and in the loftiest 
 places of trust and honor he never failed to discharge his 
 full duty as a statesman. "No pent up Utica" defined the 
 boundaries of his allegiance. The whole Union, irrespec 
 tive of territorial lines, was the object of his affection. He 
 was a friend of freedom a lover of liberty everywhere. 
 While he believed he could best promote the prosperity of 
 
 17102 05 6 
 
82 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 the land by belonging to the Republican party, he refused 
 always to favor any policy which might benefit one section 
 at the expense of another. 
 
 A striking illustration of his broad-gauged American 
 conservatism was furnished during his Senatorial career. 
 Partisan animosities grew bitter and sectional strife ran 
 at its flood, resulting in an effort by Congress to enact a 
 force bill. The southern people remember with feelings 
 of intense gratitude that his vote was potential in 
 defeating that hurtful measure. 
 
 His life and life s \vork were unique. His individuality 
 embraced an aggregation of characteristics peculiarly his 
 own. I shall not attempt to sketch them, because that 
 will be done by others more competent to speak, some of 
 whom were actors with him in the stirring scenes of the 
 past, in which he was always a shining figure. " Nature 
 was so prodigal to him in her gifts that they shone in 
 clusters." In a word, he was a resplendent genius. 
 
 We are told that from his earliest boyhood he discovered 
 rare and radiant talents. He had a penetrating intellect, 
 a powerful memory, and a dazzling imagination. He 
 soon won the approbation of the people amongst whom 
 he lived by his affability, marvelous learning, matchless 
 eloquence, and splendid attainments. Self-poised and 
 superbly equipped, both in mental and bodily powers, 
 he readily eclipsed in public speaking all his competitors 
 for popular favor. He finally reached the goal of his 
 ambition, the Senate of the United States, a body which 
 Senator Morgan, of Alabama, has pictured as a chamber 
 where legislation is enacted not only directly affecting 
 
John James Ingalls. 83 
 
 the welfare of 80,000,000 people, " but influencing the 
 councils of kingdoms and determining the fate of 
 empires; 1 a legislative body " not less powerful than 
 the greatest tribunals that have ever assembled, the 
 scope and majestic sovereignty of whose power is beyond 
 description in words or by reference to any other sys 
 tems of government." 
 
 Conspicuously able, of commanding and gracious pres 
 ence, possessing an attractive individuality, fluent in 
 speech, ready in debate, and without a rival in repartee, 
 he easily forged to the head of that class of statesmen 
 who then stood in the front rank and were enrolled 
 in the highest grade. With him life was no " iridescent 
 dream." 
 
 It was said of Cicero that his chief art lay in the 
 application of existing materials, in converting the dis 
 advantages of language into beauties, in enriching it 
 with circumlocutions and metaphors, in pruning it of 
 harsh and uncouth expressions, and in systematizing the 
 structure of a sentence. This constituted him the greatest 
 master of composition the world has ever known. 
 
 This summary is an accurate description of JOHN J. 
 INGALLS. 
 
 The majesty and splendor of his eloquence will live 
 until this Republic shall have perished from the face 
 of the earth. While his style was remarkable for versa 
 tility, lucidity, and ease, yet in affluent, copious, and 
 graphic diction he has never been surpassed in either 
 branch of Congress. His gorgeous vocabulary, sparkling 
 with the brightest jewels of thought, was not excelled 
 
84 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 by that intellectual giant, the imperious Conkling. In 
 beauty and elegance of expression, in the logical and 
 analytical treatment of his subjects, as well as in the har 
 monious arrangement of his sentences, he was the equal 
 of that brilliant Southerner, the gifted and knightly 
 Lamar. 
 
 He was the perfect orator. 
 
 His methods adapted themselves with singular felicity 
 to every class of subjects, whether lofty or familiar, philo 
 sophic or forensic. Nothing could exceed the exquisite 
 taste of his laudatory orations, imparting to the subject 
 inexpressible grace and delicacy, and filling it to reple 
 tion with philosophical sentiments, pathos, and tenderness. 
 His extraordinary facility of speech enabled him to express 
 the most novel and abstruse ideas with rhythmical pre 
 cision and exuberant richness; but in philippics his 
 talents were displayed to the best advantage. Ardently 
 patriotic himself, personally and officially clean handed, of 
 dogged courage, daring and aggressive in action, impa 
 tient of every form of sham, despising frauds, hating 
 humbugs, with the biting sarcasm of a Tom Reed and 
 the exasperating wit of a Thad Stevens, he was, when 
 occasion required him to strike, terrific in exposing a 
 hypocrite or in flaying a political enemy well-nigh to 
 death. In the acuteness of his perceptions he had no 
 superior ; and no man was his peer in the earnestness 
 with which he pressed an advantage, or the adroitness 
 with which he repelled the attacks of all opponents, no 
 matter the guise they wore or the quarter from whence 
 they came. 
 
John James lugalls. 85 
 
 After a senseless political upheaval had retired him 
 from the Senate a friend who knew him intimately and 
 loved him fondly described him thus: 
 
 As an orator he was never tiresome; as a politician he never strad 
 dled; as a partisan he never strained his fealty. He did not prose and 
 drone to empty benches; he did not depopulate the galleries; he did 
 not drive his brother Senators into exile. He neither rested his own 
 mind nor permitted the minds of his hearers to repose while he was 
 speaking. He charged the air with intellectual ozone. 
 
 There was nothing little, or dull, or insincere about 
 the man. "He dwelt not in the gutter. He sought his 
 quarry in the opalescent empyrean and struck and slew 
 it there." But he engages our affections by the integrity 
 of his public conduct, the purity of his private life, the 
 loyalty of his personal friendships, and the warmth of 
 his domestic attachments. Such a legacy is priceless. 
 "The topaz of Ethiopia shall not equal it; neither shall 
 it be valued with pure gold." 
 
 Mr. Speaker, our characters are formed and sustained 
 by ourselves, by our own actions and purposes, and not 
 by what others may think or say or do. 
 
 When the fortunes of political warfare turned against 
 JOHN J. INGALLS, he was patient, forbearing, and re 
 signed on philosophic principles. 
 
 His disciplined intellect taught him to submit to the 
 inevitable and irreparable, because he believed in destiny. 
 Misfortunes could not overwhelm him. His life had 
 been adorned, elevated, and ennobled by the pursuit of 
 worthy ends. He had not drifted about like a rudder 
 less ship, buffeted by the winds of circumstances and 
 entirely at the mercy of the waves. He had not with 
 
86 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 folded arms waited for opportunities, but had labored so 
 faithfully and successfully as to attain golden results. 
 
 When the Alps intercepted his line of march, Napoleon 
 said: "There shall be no Alps." When difficulties beset 
 him, INGALLS said, u There shall be no difficulties," and 
 opposition vanished at his touch. 
 
 Greatness has in its lexicon no such word as fail. It 
 will work; it must succeed. At the sunset of life the 
 swift-footed years brought before him no array of squan 
 dered opportunities. 
 
 His soul was too great to be wounded by the evil shafts 
 of fate; but he has 
 
 Gone past the fret and fever of life, 
 
 All of his songs have been sung, 
 
 And his words have been said; 
 And if bitterness lived in his soul once, or strife, 
 
 They now are dead. 
 
 And to-day, after the lapse cf years, the Congress of 
 the United States is proud to accept a wondrous likeness, 
 chiseled out of Parian marble, of this great man and give 
 it a perpetual abiding place in the Temple of Fame as 
 that of Kansas s honored son, who, while living, by his 
 ability, eloquence, learning, patriotism, and public services 
 best ornamented and glorified the history of that splendid 
 Commonwealth. 
 
 Life and honor have equal title. 
 
 In thus cherishing the memory of JOHN J. INGALLS, 
 Kansas confers upon herself, her people, and the nation 
 a merited and imperishable honor. [Loud applause.] 
 
John James Ingalls. 87 
 
 Address of Mr. Hamilton, of Michigan 
 
 Mr. SPEAKKR: In 1864 the room in this Capitol now 
 known as " Statuary Hall " was set apart as a place to 
 which each State might send " the effigies of two of her 
 chosen sons in marble or bronze to be placed permanently 
 here." 
 
 At most not many may come here to stand in bronze and 
 marble while the ages go by. 
 
 What, then, are the elements of greatness in JOHN 
 JAMES INGALLS that entitle him to come from Kansas 
 here and join this marble and bronze society of the super 
 latively select ? 
 
 It is not because INGALLS was for eighteen years a 
 Senator of the United States from the State of Kansas, 
 and while Senator was part of the time President pro 
 tempore of the Senate, or because he held other offices 
 that Kansas erects his statue here. 
 
 It is not great to hold political place. States do not set 
 up monuments to men who get offices. 
 
 It is not greatness per se even to be a United States 
 Senator. Very mediocre men have sometimes been United 
 States Senators. 
 
 A place in the Senate of the United States is an oppor 
 tunity, and to be a Senator is great as Senators make it 
 great. INGALLS made it great. 
 
 His life was part of the annals of Kansas and part of 
 the annals of our national life, and he commanded the 
 
88 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 constant attention of the people of the United States for 
 many years. 
 
 As Guizot says of an eminent Frenchman : " He was 
 internally garnished with mind and externally with 
 speech." 
 
 He was a student of books, a student of nature, and of 
 humanity. He gave dignity and force to language. 
 
 He was master of " skillful dialectic and literary good 
 form." 
 
 He gave some things to prose that the world will not 
 willingly let die and which have already become classics, 
 and to poetry he added one perfect sonnet. 
 
 Most things die, disintegrate, and disappear, but "Oppor 
 tunity" will decorate the English language as long as it is 
 spoken, and if in some far-off time it were possible for our 
 language to become a dead language this sonnet would be 
 translated as an imperishable gem. 
 
 His talent glittered sometimes as a diamond does, some 
 times as fire does, and sometimes as ice does. 
 
 His words cut sometimes like polished steel, or clung 
 and blistered like coals of fire, and sometimes they were 
 cold, acrid, and corrosive. 
 
 Always there flashed through his matchless sentences the 
 summer lightning play of fancy, and they were pervaded by 
 a sense of humor which at times invited sociability until it 
 sharpened into sarcasm. 
 
 And then again he strung the sinews of the mind to 
 energy and enterprise, strengthened patriotism, fired the 
 brain, warmed the heart, and quickened conscience. 
 
John James Ingalls. 89 
 
 With some orators and writers facts travel leaden footed, 
 but INGALLS gave to facts life, color, vitality, and wings. 
 
 As was said of Burns, u his speech was distinguished by 
 always having something in it." 
 
 There have been greater lawyers, greater poets, greater 
 philosophers, greater orators, and greater statesmen than 
 he, but INGALLS swept law, philosophy, poetry and state 
 craft into his own intellectual crucible and transformed 
 them into a new intellectual composite, stamped with his 
 own originality into something unique and rare, and that 
 was INGALLS. 
 
 For a long time INGALLS meant Kansas and Kansas 
 meant INGALLS. 
 
 Once in the Senate of the United States, Kansas being 
 attacked by a Senator from Pennsylvania, INGALLS shot 
 back the swift retort that Pennsylvania had " produced but 
 two great men Benjamin Franklin, of Massachusetts, and 
 Albert Gallatin, of Switzerland." 
 
 Whether this was true of Pennsylvania or not, it is true 
 that, among other great men, Kansas has produced at least 
 one great man from Massachusetts. 
 
 INGALLS was born in Middleton, Mass., December 29, 
 1833, and came to Kansas in 1858, three years before 
 Kansas became a State, allured by a real estate agent s 
 u chromatic triumph of lithographed mendacity." 
 
 INGALLS had this lithograph framed, and it hung upon 
 the walls of his home long after Kansas had begun to 
 realize a greater prosperity than that with which " the 
 Pilgrim Fathers of Kansas," in the epoch of INGALLS S 
 
90 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 arrival, beguiled " the dazzled vision of the emigrating 
 public." 
 
 He lived through the period of blanket Indians, "jay- 
 hawkers," grasshoppers, and predatory politicians. 
 
 He lived in Kansas and Kansas lived in him " till death 
 had made him marble," and somehow he had absorbed the 
 spirit of Kansas, and by his genius transmuted, glorified it, 
 and gave it back to Kansas in pictures of herself that 
 urged her people on to nobler enterprise. 
 
 INGALLS was not only a Senator of the United States 
 from the State of Kansas, but he was Kansas s minstrel 
 in prose, who told at every Kansas fireside the epic of her 
 life and stirred the Kansan heart to pride and high 
 endeavor. 
 
 Since then our frontier has pushed westward around the 
 world to the doors of the oldest civilization, converting in 
 its wake the sod house, the dugout, and the corral into 
 comfortable farmhouses, barns, and granaries. 
 
 The Mississippi River, once, as Goldwin Smith says, "a 
 mental horizon, afterwards a boundary line," has become 
 a great highway, where the ships of all nations shall come 
 and go between the Occident and the Orient, through the 
 Panama Canal. 
 
 And of this transition the life of JOHN J. INGALLS was 
 a part. 
 
 His picture was hung upon the walls of dugout and of 
 mansion and is fixed in the memory of every living man 
 and woman in Kansas. 
 
John James Ingalls. 91 
 
 His words have found a permanent lodgment, not only 
 in the literature of the world, but in the hearts of the 
 people of Kansas, now and for all time. 
 
 Hence Kansas erects his statue here. 
 
 But if Kansas had not set his statue here, people would 
 have asked: "Where is IxGALLS? 1 and would have sup 
 plied his place with memory and imagination, as Cato 
 hoped the world would do of him if his statue were not 
 erected in the Forum. 
 
 We gather around his statue, who was once u emperor 
 in the realm of expression 11 in the line of succession of 
 those who reign by right of genius and of labor. There 
 have been others who were greater than he, but for a 
 time he held the scepter. 
 
 And we seek to frame phrases of the greatest phrase 
 maker of his time. 
 
 We grope for words of fitting eulogy of him whose 
 eulogies rescued from oblivion those of whom he wrote. 
 
 " Pictures and statues may be made of him, but he 
 returns no more to the sun." 
 
 He died August 16, 1900, before he began to cast the 
 senile shadow of a robust past. ll Sometimes, by living on, 
 the star pales. 11 
 
 He died just at the end of summer, just at the beginning 
 of autumn, and a little before winter. 
 
 He died near the end of one century and the beginning 
 of another, in the midst of time, which, according to man s 
 calendar, is eternally beginning and ending, and yet is 
 without beginning and without ending forever. 
 
92 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 INGALLS speculated deeply on the "unending, endless 
 quest" for immortality; but no man realized more clearly 
 than he that "the philosopher s longest chain of deduc 
 tions" reaches no conclusion. 
 
 He realized none more clearly that, as Carlyle says: 
 " Skepticism writing about belief may have great gifts, but 
 it is really ultra vires there. It is blindness laying down 
 the laws of optics." 
 
 And INGALLS reached the conclusion that "a universe 
 without a God is an intellectual absurdity which reason 
 rejects spontaneously." 
 
 In his essay on the "Immortality of the soul" he says: 
 "If all the letters in the play of Hamlet were shaken in a 
 dice box and thown at midnight in a tempest on the Desert 
 of Sahara, they might fall exactly as arranged in the drama. 
 It may be admitted that if Destiny kept on casting long 
 enough they would inevitably at some time so fall, which 
 would render the bard of Avon superfluous and unneces 
 sary. But this does not disturb our belief in Shakespeare." 
 
 In June, 1900, away from home, seeking the return of 
 health which never came, he wrote : "I am desperately 
 tired and discouraged and homesick ; " and forty days later, 
 on his deathbed, after all the groping, speculation, and 
 reasoning were over, he came back to the faith of little 
 children and prayed: "Thy kingdom come; Thy will be 
 done." [Loud applause.] 
 
John James Ing alls. 93 
 
 Address of Mr. Scott, of Kansas 
 
 Mr. SPEAKER: In the midst of Asgard, the home of 
 the old Norse gods, so the legend runs, there stood the 
 great Walhalla, the battle hall. Its massive walls rose 
 skyward until the battlements and towers that surmounted 
 them were lost to view. Through each of its 540 doors 
 800 men, mounted and mailed, could ride at once. To 
 this splendid and majestic hall came all the warriors 
 who had fallen in battle, and there, in the presence of 
 the great god Odin, the days were spent in fencing and 
 tournaments and other kingly sports, and the nights in 
 feasting and song. 
 
 Advancing enlightenment and civilization have exacted 
 their penalties, and we can no longer frighten our souls 
 with visions of u fierce, fiery warriors that fight upon the 
 clouds in ranks, squadrons, and right forms of war," nor 
 charm our fancy with dreams of the old gods at play. 
 
 And yet we have our Walhalla. The hard materialism 
 of this later day, the garish light of scientific research 
 and analysis which has robbed us of the illusions and 
 romance that hung about the twilight of the race, have 
 not banished from our hearts the sentiment of reverence 
 for the memory of our country s mighty dead. And so 
 most fittingly there has been set apart in this noble 
 structure, which is the very heart of the nation, a stately 
 and spacious chamber to which the States may bring for 
 
94 Acceptance of Stattie of 
 
 a loving and everlasting memorial the bronze or marble 
 effigies of those who, while they lived, were the choice 
 and master spirits of their age. Hither have they come, 
 statesmen, soldiers, sages, to stand in simple majesty as 
 long as stands the Republic for which they wrought and 
 thought, an inspiration forever to their countrymen, a 
 perpetual witness of the nation s gratitude to those who 
 have served her well. 
 
 Into this Hall of Remembrance, into this goodly com 
 pany, Kansas brings to-day the speaking likeness of one 
 who, more than any other of her sons, was the incarnation 
 of her sentiments and convictions, her hopes and ambitions 
 and dreams. For nearly a quarter of a century he was her 
 voice speaking to the nation, and the voice never fell upon 
 reluctant or inattentive ears. For more than a quarter of a 
 century he was her lover, unflagging in his devotion, her 
 champion, challenging \vith unwavering loyalty all who 
 sought to detract or defame. And now that the voice is 
 still with which he spoke his love and loyalty, she brings 
 here this living likeness of his outer form to stand through 
 all the coming time, mute but eloquent, a memorial of her 
 gratitude and pride. 
 
 In some small degree a man is the product of his envi 
 ronment. In much greater measure he is the resultant of 
 ancestral convictions and culture and point of view. When 
 JOHN JAMES INGALLS went to Kansas, almost at the climax 
 of the brief but bloody drama which proved, alas, but the 
 prologue to the stupendous tragedy which was to be played 
 out a little later with half a continent for its stage, with 
 4,000,000 men for its actors, with all the world for specta- 
 
John James Ingalls. 95 
 
 tors, and with the thunder of countless cannon for its 
 orchestral music, he found himself in an environment 
 which fitted in well with the ancestral forces that had gone 
 to the shaping of his soul. The spirit of daring and adven 
 ture which drove his Viking forbears to the conquest of 
 Britain, and which, a thousand years later, impelled their 
 descendants to brave the dangers of a stormy and tempestu 
 ous sea to reach the doubtful haven of a new world, lived 
 again in the youth who left the quiet safety of the secluded 
 New England village to face alone the terrors and hard 
 ships of the savage and desolate frontier. The fierce resent 
 ment against oppression and outrage which had come down 
 through generations of men who had blotted the word 
 master out of their vocabulary was aroused anew by the 
 call for help for freedom. The organizing instinct of a 
 race of nation makers, of empire builders, found exultant 
 exercise in the opportunity to have a hand in laying the 
 foundations and shaping the destiny of a new Common 
 wealth. And in the rugged beauty of the wooded bluffs 
 that guard the eastern border of Kansas, in the vast stretches 
 of her limitless western plains, in the incomparable blue of 
 her arching skies, the poet in this man, the development of 
 a hundred years of refinement and culture, found a fascina 
 tion that never released him from its spell. 
 
 And so it is not strange, after all, that this New England 
 scholar, patrician to his finger tips, born friend of all the 
 luxuries and refinements of life, shrinking instinctively 
 from rudeness and violence as from hardship and exposure, 
 found himself at home in Kansas at a time when that name 
 was but another word for tumult and riot and disorder. 
 
96 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 The fight for freedom exhilarated him like wine. The joy 
 of State building quickened all his mental energies. The 
 " unknown and mysterious solitudes " of the wide-sweeping 
 prairies stimulated his imagination with a power that he 
 could not resist. 
 
 In his own matchless phrase, describing the fascination 
 which Kansas exercised upon him, and upon all who came 
 within her spell, he said : 
 
 The Arabs say that he who drinks of the waters of the Nile must always 
 thirst ; no other waters can quench or satisfy. So those who have done 
 homage and taken the oath of fealty to Kansas can never be alienated or 
 forsworn. As the gray and melancholy main to the sailor, as 
 
 the desert to the Bedouin, as the Alps to the mountaineer, so is Kansas to 
 those who love her. 
 
 But INGALLS fitted Kansas no less than Kansas fitted 
 him. Nervous, energetic, fond of superlatives, given to 
 extremes, tremendously aspiring and ambitious, sometimes 
 wrong, but always seeking to be right, Kansas recognized 
 in INGALLS a kindred spirit, for many of her characteristics 
 were his also. He felt her moods; he foresaw her conclu 
 sions; he spoke her language; he satisfied her passion for 
 the picturesque and unusual; he captured her imagination. 
 And though she quarreled with him sometimes and criti 
 cised him often, and at the last, in a period of cyclonic 
 unrest and unreason, rejected him, yet down in her heart 
 she loved him always and gloried in him and was supremely 
 proud of him. 
 
 For eighteen years he was a Senator of the United 
 States, and although there were numbered among his 
 contemporaries such intellectual and forensic giants as 
 Sherman and Conkling and Elaine and Carpenter and 
 
John James Ingalls. 97 
 
 Hoar and Thurman and Voorhees and Vest and Morgan 
 and Hill, he did not suffer obscuration or eclipse. In 
 the chair he was a superb presiding officer, ready, alert, 
 incisive, impartial. On the floor the mere announcement 
 that INGALLS was to speak brought every Senator to his 
 seat and filled the galleries with thronging and eager lis 
 teners, and that, too, in an age when oratory is said to be a 
 forgotten art. In debate he was aggressive and pitiless, 
 unsparing in attack and incredibly skilled in defense, a 
 foeman of whom the boldest might well beware. 
 
 But great as he was on the platform and in the forum, 
 it was in the realm of letters that he struck and sus 
 tained the loftiest notes in thought and speech and 
 builded the most enduring monument. 
 
 Those of us whose good fortune it has been to hear 
 him and see him can never forget the music of that 
 marvelous voice or the light that flamed from the won 
 derful eyes or the splendid poise of the noble, silver- 
 crowned head, and the glamour of his fascinating 
 personality will be thrown for us who knew him over 
 all that he wrote or spoke, giving it a special meaning 
 and significance. With the passing of this generation 
 the memory of the voice and eye and manner will fade, 
 and yet to those who come after us a splendid legacy 
 will remain to keep green the memory of one whose 
 mastery of the English tongue has not been equaled in 
 our day. 
 
 For what a wizard with words he was ! No matter how 
 hackneyed the theme or how conventional the thought, 
 
 1710205 7 
 
9 8 
 
 he arrayed it . in such stately and splendid apparel that it 
 stands forth as individual and distinct as if it had never 
 before had an existence. To select from all the glittering 
 heap of his jewels one gem that shines with a purer ray 
 than the others is not an easy task, and yet whenever I 
 take up his writings I find myself turning always to the 
 story of the grass : 
 
 Grass is the forgiveness of nature her constant benediction. Fields 
 trampled with battle, saturated with blood, torn with the ruts of cannon, 
 grow green again with grass, and carnage is forgotten. Streets abandoned 
 by traffic become grass-grown, like rural lanes, and are obliterated. Forests 
 decay, harvests perish, flowers vanish, but grass is immortal. Beleagured 
 by the sullen hosts of winter, it withdraws into the impregnable fortress 
 of its subterranean vitality and emerges upon the first solicitation of spring. 
 Sown by the winds, by wandering birds, propagated by the subtle horti 
 culture of the elements, which are its ministers and servants, it softens the 
 rude outline of the world. Its tenacious fibers hold the earth in its place, 
 and prevent its soluble components from washing into the wasting sea. 
 It invades the solitary deserts, climbs the inaccessible slopes and forbid 
 ding pinnacles of mountains, modifies climates, and determines the history, 
 character, and destiny of nations. Unobtrusive and patient, it has immortal 
 vigor and aggression. Banished from the thoroughfare and the field, it 
 bides its time to return, and when vigilance has relaxed, or the dynasty 
 has perished, it silently resumes the throne from which it has been expelled, 
 but which it never abdicates. 
 
 I do not know anything in English prose sweeter and 
 finer than that, and I do not know anything stronger and 
 richer in English poetry than the single sonnet, "Oppor- 
 tuity," with which he enriched the literature of all com 
 ing time. 
 
 Master of human destinies am I ! 
 
 Fame, love, and fortune on my footsteps wait. 
 
 Cities and fields I walk; I penetrate 
 
 Deserts and seas remote, and passing by 
 
 Hovel and mart and palace, soon or late 
 
 I knock unbidden once at every gate ! 
 
 If sleeping, wake; if feasting, rise before 
 
John James Ingalls. 99 
 
 I turn away. It is the hour of fate, 
 
 Ami they who follow me reach every state 
 
 Mortals desire, and conquer every foe 
 
 Save death; but those who doubt or hesitate, 
 
 Condemned to failure, penury, and woe, 
 
 Seek me in vain and uselessly implore. 
 
 I answer not, and I return no more ! 
 
 That the shadow of oblivion should ever fall upon the 
 memory of the man who added such perfect notes to the 
 world s harmony is unbelievable. 
 
 He knew language, one of his friends said, as the devout Moslem knew 
 his Koran. All the deeps and shadows of the sea of words had been 
 sounded and surveyed by him and duly marked upon the chart of his 
 great mentality. In the presence of an audience he was a magician 
 like those of Egypt ; under the power of his magic syllables became 
 scorpions, an inflection became an indictment, and with words he builded 
 temples of thought that excited at first the wonder and at all times the 
 admiration of the world of literature and statesmanship. He was emperor 
 in the realm of expression. The Knglish-speaking people will listen long 
 before again they hear the harmony born of that perfect fitting of phrase 
 to thought that marked he utterances of JOHN J. INOALLS. 
 
 The one sure test of the worthiness of a man to hold 
 high place is to note the level to which he rises or sinks 
 when retired to private life. The man who drifts into 
 unnoted obscurity when no longer buoyed up by an impor 
 tant office, thereby demonstrates that it was the office 
 which brought the man into view, and not the man who 
 exalted the office. Senator I NO ALLS stood this test. 
 Thrust from the commanding eminence of the greatest 
 earthly parliament, he lost not one line of his stature. 
 Great newspapers were eager to put him upon their staff at 
 twice the salary he had received as Senator. Magazine 
 editors besieged him for articles and lyceum managers lay 
 in wait to allure him onto the lecture platform. In all the 
 cities of the land where he could be induced to speak the 
 
TOO. 
 
 people thronged to hear him, and what he wrote was 
 sought for by his countrymen with imdiminished interest. 
 And so his star never waned, but grew brighter and 
 brighter until suddenly, and all too soon, it swept below 
 the horizon of this life to rise upon another world. 
 
 I have spoken of ING ALLS, the public man the Senator, 
 the writer, the lecturer the man whom all the world knew. 
 To speak of him as the husband and father, the citizen 
 and friend, I shall not venture, although I knew him well. 
 Fearless, positive, aggressive, armed always and ready to 
 deliver as well as receive attack, it was inevitable that he 
 should excite strong antagonism, and while he lived the 
 tongue of calumny was rarely silent. There were those 
 who said he was cynical and selfish. I only know that 
 one of his neighbors said: " The light in the windows of 
 Atchison went out when INGALLS died." There were 
 those who said he was indifferent and cold-hearted. I only 
 know that his children adored him as much as they honored 
 him, and that to the wife of his youth he remained to the 
 end a hero and a lover. There were those who said he 
 was a scoffer and a misbeliever. I only know that one 
 early summer morning, as the rosy fingers of the dawn 
 were lifting the sable curtains from the somber New 
 Mexico hills, with his hand in the hand of his true love 
 and his fainting lips repeating after her his childood 
 prayer "Our Father who art in heaven " he fell asleep. 
 
 All that was mortal of him lies within the soil of the 
 State he loved so w r ell, in the city of the home which 
 was the shrine of his life s devotion, which he left always 
 with regret and to which he returned with joy. Some- 
 
John James IitgaUs. 101 
 
 where in God s universe, in the undiscovered country, his 
 serene soul rests and waits. 
 
 And Kansas, "who was first in his hours of triumph, 
 who shared his well-won laurels, who basked in the 
 sunlight of his success and partook of the fruits of his 
 victories," brings to-day to the nation s Hall of Fame this 
 marble likeness of his outer form as a perpetual witness 
 of her love and pride. Other men have rendered Kansas 
 noble service. Other men will win her affection and good 
 will. But deep in her heart, as she remembers all the 
 pride and exultation that swelled her soul in the old 
 days when men spoke the name of JOHN JAMES INGALLS, 
 she will exclaim with Hamlet: 
 
 He was a man, take him for all in all, 
 I shall not look upon his like again. 
 
 [Loud applause.] 
 
io2 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 Address of Mr. Campbell, of Kansas 
 
 Mr. SPEAKER: The consideration of appropriations, 
 revision, rates, and rebates is laid aside the while we reflect 
 upon death, and attempt, in the only way we can, to 
 give immortality to life. The ceremonies of this hour deal 
 with the fact of death and the question of immortality. 
 
 Everywhere, in field and mart and from the cradle to 
 the grave, life is at war with death. It is an unequal 
 encounter. The millions who have come involuntarily to 
 the cradle have gone involuntarily to the grave. The 
 strong are as impotent in the struggle as the weak. 
 Thrones and empires are not citadels of defense for kings 
 and emperors. The hovel and the shack furnish no refuge 
 for the poor and helpless. Soon or late, all lie down 
 together in the "democracy of the grave." 
 
 Senator INGALLS has tried the problem of life and solved 
 the mystery of death. While busy with care, anxiety, 
 hate, love, ambition, he often paused to ask with the sages, 
 philosophers, and prophets of the ages, "If a man die, shall 
 he live again?" 
 
 There has ever been, and is, much consolation in the fact 
 that the question of the soul s immortality is not left for 
 answer to the wise, whose bodies rest in abbeys of renown 
 and whose statues adorn halls of fame, more than to the 
 simple who come and go without the notice of the pass 
 ing crowd. To the innumerable multitude " the heavens 
 
Jo/in James Ingalls. 103 
 
 declare the glory of (kxl, and the firinainent showeth 
 His handiwork;" to the great throng succeeding days 
 are eloquent with speech and night unto night resplendent 
 with knowledge." Though there is no voice or language, 
 immortality is written everywhere upon the earth and in 
 the heavens. 
 
 May we not hope that all the countless dead now know 
 the truth declared by Jesus of Nazareth, that the soul shall 
 never die? If it were not so, why this effort to perpetuate 
 in marble an effigy of dust? Why did he, to whose image 
 we give fame, devote so much of time and draw upon so 
 much talent to rear for himself a monument that shall 
 remain when the marble we unveil shall be veiled again 
 with the dust and ashes of ages? 
 
 The drapery of night is hung from the horizon with a 
 star. 
 
 I had no personal acquaintance with Senator INGALLS, 
 and saw him only a few times, but I have always been 
 proud of the fact that he was a Kansan and loved Kansas. 
 
 It has been said of him that during his eighteen years 
 service in the Senate he did not frame or secure the passage 
 of an important measure. However that may be, he did 
 enough ; enough at once for his own fame and for the 
 glory of his State "Satis, Satis est, quod vixit, vel ad 
 aetatem, vel ad gloriam." 
 
 He excelled in everything he did. There was nothing 
 to be said when he was done with eulogy ; nothing could 
 be added when he finished invective. He was master of 
 English, whether speaking or writing. His friends 
 listened with pleasure and his foes with admiration when 
 
104 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 he addressed the Senate. His words were so fashioned into 
 clauses and periods, paragraphs and orations, that what he 
 said was alike intelligible to the crowd and entertaining 
 to the critic. 
 
 An old man, who had been a visitor to the Senate 
 gallery for a period covering forty years, said, soon after 
 INGALLS S retirement: u ING ALLS, of Kansas, attracted 
 greater audiences, both to the floor and the galleries, when 
 he spoke than any Senator who had been a member in 
 forty years, and none ever presided over the delibera 
 tions of that great body with greater ease and dignity 
 than he." A woman who has lived in Washington ever 
 since INGALLS entered the Senate said a few days ago 
 she had never heard him make a speech that had been 
 announced. The galleries were always crowded when 
 she arrived. 
 
 I shall leave a delineation of his character and a re 
 view of his work to those who knew him better than I. 
 
 Kansas honored INGALLS and INGALLS honored Kansas. 
 
 Few loved him, many feared him, but all admired him. 
 He loved his home and was bound by its ties. He loved 
 his State and gloried in its history. He loved his coun 
 try and was devoted to its institutions. He returned too 
 early to the skies. 
 
 [Loud applause.] 
 
John James Ingalls. 105 
 
 Address of Mr. Miller, of Kansas 
 
 Mr. SPEAKER: The world s post-mortem estimate of 
 man s character is not usually in harmony with its ante- 
 mortem conception. It is only when prejudice, factional 
 feelings, and jealousies have been stilled by the hand of 
 death that man s correct measure is taken. It is then he is 
 viewed in the impartial light of history, neither glamour 
 nor gloom lending tint to the true estimate of his character 
 and worth as a man and citizen. It is then the merited 
 recognition is bestowed that rarely comes to him while in 
 the midst of his activities, and at last he is awarded his 
 true place in hearts and memories, and he lives on. To 
 live thus is not to die, and to any man it is a priceless 
 monument. But to those whom a nation delights to honor, 
 who have made their impress for good upon their country s 
 history, and who, in a measure, belong to all her people, it 
 is indeed fitting that their deeds should be commemorated 
 by public ceremonies and their memories perpetuated in 
 marble and bronze to inspire patriotism in the hearts of 
 future generations. 
 
 In pursuance of this idea a law was enacted by Congress 
 in 1864 authorizing the President to invite all States to 
 furnish statues in marble or bronze, not exceeding two in 
 number for each State, of deceased persons who have been 
 citizens thereof and illustrious for their historic renown or 
 for distinguished civic or military services, to be placed in 
 the National Statuarv Hall. 
 
io6 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 In compliance with this resolution, Mr. Speaker, Kansas 
 has presented and asks Congress to accept a marble statue 
 of her illustrious son, JOHN JAMES INGALLS, the scholar, 
 writer, orator, and statesman. 
 
 The facts in connection with the early history of Mr. 
 INGALLS and his ancestry have a significant bearing upon 
 his public career. He was born in Middleton, Mass., 
 December 29, 1833, of unmixed Puritan ancestry, and the 
 eldest of a family of nine children. 
 
 On his father s side he was descended from Edmund 
 Ingalls, who, coming from England, founded the city of 
 Lynn in 1628. And through his mother his ancestry in 
 this country goes back to Aquila Chase, who settled in New 
 Hampshire about 1630. His parents were high types of 
 the English Puritan, his father being a man of unusual 
 intelligence. Doubtless from -him his son inherited those 
 mental activities that characterized his entire life. It is 
 said that at the age of 2 years the child INGALLS could 
 read understandingly. 
 
 His school life began in the public schools of Haverhill. 
 At 1 6 he was under the instruction of a private tutor, and 
 at the same time was a frequent contributor to literary 
 magazines and to local metropolitan newspapers. Among 
 the former was the Knickerbocker Magazine and the Carpet 
 Bag, published by B. P. Shillaber, commonly known as 
 "Mrs. Partington." 
 
 He was a graduate of Williams College in 1855, and 
 twenty-five years later his alma mater chose him to deliver 
 the annual address and at this time conferred upon him the 
 degree of doctor of laws. 
 
John James Ingalls. 107 
 
 He was admitted to the practice of law in 1857, and in 
 1858 he went to the Territory of Kansas. Of this event 
 he said : 
 
 Mv studies completed, I joined the uninterrupted and resistless column 
 of volunteers that marched to the lands of the free. 
 
 It was the mission of the pioneer with his plow to abolish the frontier 
 and to subjugate the desert. One has become a Ixmndary and the other 
 an oasis. But with so much acquisition something has been lost for which 
 there is no equivalent. He is unfortunate who has never felt the fascina 
 tion of the frontier; the temptation of unknown and mysterious solitudes; 
 the exultation of helping to build a State, of forming its institutions, and 
 giving direction to its cause. 
 
 Mr. INT.ALLS gave to Kansas the first affection of his 
 young manhood. He loved Kansas from the day he 
 crossed the invisible line that separates her from Missouri 
 until the night he crossed that other invisible line that 
 separates time from eternity. Next to wife and family, 
 Kansas was first in his thoughts when honors were be 
 stowed upon him and the world applauded. Kansas was 
 last in his thoughts when life s fitful fever ebbing low his 
 tired heart yearned for home and Kansas. 
 
 And how could it be otherwise, when for forty years the 
 threads of his life had been woven in the warp and woof 
 of the State he had aided in an unparalleled struggle for 
 freedom; the State he had been a factor in as her prairies 
 were transformed into fruitful farms, with churches and 
 schoolhouses on even- hillside, and with prosperous towns 
 dotting her 81,000 square miles of territory. What won 
 der his heart yearned for the State he had helped make 
 a really great State, for, in the language of Governor Hoch, 
 
 The real greatness of a State is not measured by its territorial extent, 
 not by its material resources, but by its code of laws and by the character 
 of its people. Nowhere has advancing civilization crystallized in better 
 government, or flowered in a higher citizenship. Illiteracy has found its 
 lowest j>ercentage here, and crime its most meager statistics. 
 
io8 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 This is the Kansas Mr. INGALLS loved. He was present 
 at her birth and imbibed her spirit of liberty, and it was 
 this State, his choice of all the nation s Commonwealths, 
 that he sought to crown with glory during all the years of 
 his manhood. 
 
 That Mr. INGALLS should be reckoned with as a power 
 in politics and that he should be a potent factor in framing 
 the State constitution in the Wyandotte convention in 
 1859, was inevitable. His keenness of penetrability, 
 promptness in decision, honesty of purpose, unswerving 
 loyalty to* what he believed to be right, absolute fearless 
 ness and independence of thought and action, with his 
 intense nature, made his a positive character and him a 
 representative man. 
 
 And there he stands in memory to this day, erect and self-poised 
 A witness to the ages as they pass, 
 That simple duty hath no place for fear. 
 
 In 1872, when the turn of fortune s wheel inserted a 
 dramatic chapter in the history of this State of conflict, 
 where, from the beginning of her history, every advance 
 step has been combated, it was again inevitable that Mr. 
 INGALLS should be chosen to enter the breach, by the joint 
 branches of the legislature ; and thus begin a career in the 
 United States Senate, unprecedented and unparalleled. 
 
 The finger of destiny had long pointed in tHis direction. 
 As a close student of politics, as editor of the Atchison 
 Champion, and as a member of the State senate, Mr. 
 INGALLS was being prepared for the high obligations this 
 election placed upon him. For almost twenty years he 
 was one of the most conspicuous figures at the nation s 
 
J oil ii James I Kg alls. 109 
 
 Capitol, always serving his State and country with self- 
 reliant courage and faithfully performing his duties as 
 chairman of Committee on Pensions; of the District of 
 Columbia, and of Special Committee on Bankrupt Law; as 
 a member of the Judiciary, Indian Affairs, Privileges and 
 Elections, Education and Labor, and of many other special 
 committees. 
 
 Among the many Members of both Houses of Congress 
 who have championed the cause of the soldier of this 
 Republic the soldiers themselves owe to none a deeper debt 
 of gratitude than to Senator INGALLS, who at all times 
 while in public life was earnest and untiring to secure for 
 those men who had imperiled life and health to save the 
 nation the relief to which he thought they were justly 
 entitled. 
 
 He was the author of the arrears act, which was the 
 means of giving $200,000,000 to the surviving veterans of 
 the civil war. This act was of inestimable value, particu 
 larly to the people of the West, for more than $10,000,000 
 received as the result of this legislation was devoted to the 
 lifting of mortgages and the saving of homesteads of the 
 people of Kansas and other Western States. This act alone 
 will stand as a monument to its author in the hearts of 
 the loyal and patriotic people of this country as long as 
 one of her soldiers live. 
 
 Senator INGALLS was a pioneer upon advanced ideas. 
 He was at all times a friend of labor and agriculture ; was 
 an earnest advocate of legislation against trusts, combina 
 tions, and monopolies, and as early as 1880 he was an 
 earnest advocate of a canal connecting the two oceans, 
 
no Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 thereby providing for cheaper transportation of our products 
 to a foreign market. 
 
 After the passage of the electoral commission bill, which 
 provided for a settlement of the contest between Hayes and 
 Tilden, Senator INGALLS was designated with Senator 
 Allison, of Iowa, as one of the tellers, and thus the senior 
 Senator from Kansas was identified with what Senator 
 Edmunds said was "a dispute probably as great as ever 
 existed in the world under the law." 
 
 From 1887 to 1889 Mr. INGALLS was President pro 
 tempore of the Senate. Seven times an election to this 
 high office came to him unanimously, and in the perform 
 ance of the duties of this position he always displayed 
 the utmost dignity, impartiality, and courtesy. A past 
 master of debate and repartee, he constantly demonstrated 
 the most thorough knowledge of parliamentary procedure. 
 
 On his retirement the following resolution was adopted 
 by his colleagues: 
 
 Resolved, That the thanks of the Senate are due and are hereby ten 
 dered to Hon. JOHN J. INGAHS, Senator from the State of Kansas, for the 
 eminently courteous, dignified, able, and absolutely impartial manner in 
 which he has presided over the deliberations and performed the duties of 
 President pro tempore of the Senate. 
 
 The Senate, as a further testimonial of its appreciation, 
 presented him with the clock which had marked the 
 time for that body from 1852 to 1890. 
 
 I quote from Mr. INGALLS S farewell speech to the 
 Senate as its presiding officer, as follows: 
 
 Senators, gratitude impels and usage permits the Chair to postpone for 
 an instant the moment of our separation to acknowledge the honor of 
 your resolution of confidence and approval. 
 
John James Itigalls. 1 1 1 
 
 But justice demands the admission that if the Chair has succeeded in 
 the delicate and important duties of his position; if order has been main 
 tained in debate; if laws have been impartially administered; if prompt 
 ness, facility, and correctness in the transaction of public business have 
 been secured; if the traditions of the Senate, which are its noblest herit 
 age, have been preserved inviolate, it is due to your considerate indul 
 gence, to your cordial and constant cooperation. Without these the greatest 
 abilities could not succeed; with these the humblest faculties could not fail. 
 
 Mr. Speaker, am I asked why Kansas has chosen JOHN 
 J. ING ALLS as her first illustrious son to be represented 
 in Statuary Hall ? Is it because, as has been said, " he 
 was one of the most unique, brilliant, and notable figures 
 in American politics?" 
 
 This and more. His was a many-sided character. He- 
 was a scholar, with all the refined taste and instincts of 
 the scholar. 
 
 He possessed a prolific, active mind that worked likr 
 the play of lightning. 
 
 In his correct and scholarly use of language, concise 
 and exhaustive treatment of every subject claiming his 
 attention, his ready wit and repartee, his keen invective 
 and biting sarcasm, he stands without a peer. 
 
 In debate he was a gladiator. In conversation he was 
 the genial, fluent speaker and earnest and sympathetic 
 listener, of whom it was said, " Whether he was conversing 
 with a solemn thinker, a woman, or a loyear-old boy, 
 he always adapted himself to circumstances." 
 
 It has been further said of him: 
 
 He knew language as the devout Moslem knew his Koran. All the 
 deeps and shallows of the sea of words have been sounded and surveyed 
 by him and duly marked upon the chart of his great mentality. In the 
 presence of an audience he was a magician like those of Egypt; under the 
 power of his magic, syllables became scorpions, an inflection became an 
 indictment; and with words he builded temples of thought that excited at 
 
ii2 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 first the wonder and at all times the admiration of the world of literature 
 and statesmanship. He was emperor in the realm of expression. The 
 English-speaking people will listen long before again they hear the har 
 mony born of that perfect fitting of phrase to thought that marked the 
 utterances of JOHN J. INGALLS. 
 
 INGALLS was a great man. Emerson says of such an 
 one: 
 
 I count him a great man who inhabits a higher sphere of thought 
 into which other men rise with labor and with difficulty. * 
 Who is what he is from nature and never reminds us of others. 
 
 Wade Hampton, the soul of honor and a lover of 
 courtesy, said that he was a man of rare genius and one 
 of the most companionable of men. 
 
 Maj. Henry Inman gave the following estimate of Mr. 
 INGALLS: 
 
 For eighteen years, in the most illustrious deliberative assembly of 
 modern times, his speeches have attracted the closest attention of the 
 people by their fearless expression of thought, elegance of diction, phe 
 nomenal phraseology, and forcible style. 
 
 As a parliamentarian he was without a superior, for a longer period 
 presiding over the deliberations of the Senate than any one man as its 
 President pro tempore. Receiving the unanimous vote of both parties for 
 the position, is an unparalleled tribute to his impartiality, ability, and 
 familiarity with rules, precedents, and fine points in parliamentary law. 
 
 As a designer of sentences he was incomparable. There are other 
 Americans who are more eloquent in the rigid acceptation of the term, 
 but in description, vigor, sparkling, passionate use of the English lan 
 guage he occupies a position sui generis. He was the Cicero of his gener 
 ation; master of that most effective oratorical attribute in debate, sarcasm, 
 but absolutely devoid of the inordinate vaunting of his own powers, 
 which so marred the brilliancy of the immortal Roman. 
 
 He was one of the most fascinating of writers. To his purely literary 
 work he brought all the brilliancy of his oratory, magnificent construc 
 tion of sentences, wealth of phraseology. 
 
 Charles S. Gleed said of him: 
 
 His voice was a polished ramrod of sound, without fur or feathers, 
 traversing space as swiftly as light, without a whir or flutter, as if shot 
 by an explosive of inconceivable power. 
 
John James Ingalls. 113 
 
 In any age of the world s history Mr. INGALLS would 
 have been distinguished. In the days of Desmosthenes 
 he would have taken high rank as an orator; in the days 
 of Shakespeare or Milton he would have been recognized 
 as a writer of the first rank. 
 
 When the printed words that have for a time claimed 
 the world s attention are lost in oblivion, there will live 
 with the sonnets of Shakespeare, Milton, and Mrs. Brown 
 ing, INGALLS S sonnet: 
 
 OPPORTUNITY 
 
 Master of human destinies am I ! 
 
 Fame, love, and fortune on my footsteps wait. 
 
 Cities and fields I walk; I penetrate 
 
 Deserts and seas remote, and passing by 
 
 Hovel and mart and palace, soon or late 
 
 I knock unhidden once at every gate. 
 
 If sleeping, wake; if feasting, rise before 
 
 I turn away. It is the hour of fate, 
 
 And they who follow me reach every state 
 
 Mortals desire, and conquer every foe 
 
 Save death; but those who doubt or hesitate, 
 
 Condemned to failure, penury, and woe, 
 
 Seek me in vain and uselessly implore. 
 
 I answer not, and I return no more ! 
 
 Such was Mr. INGALLS as the world knew him. By 
 many he was regarded as cold, austere, forbidding, but to 
 the few who were able to see through the outer man 
 there came glimpses of the spring of affection that 
 sparkled and bubbled continually, giving a calm and 
 peaceful undertone to his life. This was the inner man 
 and the one known within the sacred home circle where 
 life was ideal and where the beloved and loving com 
 panion was his most trusted friend and counselor and 
 whose unwavering confidence in him was his inspiration 
 17102 05 8 
 
H4 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 and the mainspring of his existence. To the large 
 family of bright and interesting children his intense 
 nature manifested itself in devotion only second to that 
 bestowed upon his wife. 
 
 In all the messages upon which the world has been 
 permitted to glance that went out from the pen of Mr. 
 INGALLS to the waiting family on the banks of the 
 Missouri this spirit of tenderest devotion is manifest. 
 
 In a letter to his sister after the death of his young 
 daughter, Ruth, Mr. IXGALLS said: 
 
 IMy bereavement seems to me like a cruel dream from which I shall 
 soon awaken. The light has gone out of my life. Ruth was my 
 favorite child. Her temperament was tranquil and consoling ; she 
 gratified my love of the beautiful, my desire for repose. I loved her 
 most because she was so much like her dear mother. * * I am 
 
 assured we shall meet again. 
 
 Iii another letter he says: 
 
 I would love to gather you all around the library fire this bitter 
 night and talk over the affairs of the day. 
 
 To his daughter Constance, absent from home at 
 school, he wrote: 
 
 Write to me if there is anything you want. I should be your friend 
 even if you were not my child. 
 
 In a letter after the death of Senator Sumner he said : 
 
 How full of mournful tragedies, of incompleteness, of fragmentary 
 ambitions and successes this existence is ! And yet how sweet and dear it 
 is made by love ! That alone never fails to satisfy and fill the soul. 
 Wealth satiates, and ambition ceases to allure ; we weary of eating and 
 drinking, of going up and down the earth looking at its mountains and 
 seas, at the sky that arches it, at the moon and stars that shine upon it, 
 but never of the soul that we love and that loves us, of the face that 
 watches for us and grows bright when we come. 
 
 The life record of this illustrious man was closed in 
 August, 1900. The devoted wife of his early manhood 
 
John James lugalls. 115 
 
 and mature years sustained him to the end, walking with 
 him to the very gate of the eternal city. As the light 
 went out this beloved companion could have said with 
 Longfellow : 
 
 Good night, good night, as we so oft have said 
 Beneath this roof at midnight, in the days 
 That are no more and shall no more return. 
 Thou hast but taken the lamp and gone to bed; 
 I stay a little longer, as one stays 
 To cover up the embers that still burn. 
 
 But I must not trespass longer upon the time of this 
 House. 
 
 Mr. Speaker, permit me to say in conclusion that JOHN 
 JAMES IXGALLS, living, was honored and loved by the 
 people of Kansas, and, dying, his memory is cherished in 
 their hearts with affectionate regard, and as an emblem 
 of this regard they have placed this statue in our nation s 
 Capitol and ask Congress to accept the same. [Loud ap 
 plause.] 
 
u6 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 Address of Mr. Calderhead, of Kansas 
 
 Mr. SPEAKER: I regret that the duties of the last two 
 weeks have prevented me from preparing what perhaps 
 should have been prepared for this occasion; and yet I 
 hope I may be able in a few minutes to bear a little testi 
 mony from the State in which Mr. INGALLS lived, the 
 State which loved him and which he loved. After listen 
 ing to the eloquent discourses of some of the Senators in 
 the other Chamber this afternoon and to the eloquent 
 tributes that have been paid to his character and his 
 memory by my colleagues here, I doubt whether anything 
 that I could say would add to the value of these services. 
 
 I have no disposition to spend any time philosophizing 
 about the nature of life or the hope of immortality or the 
 probability of the life beyond. To me these things have 
 been certain so long that it hardly seems necessary that 
 they should be discussed. The step from this footstool 
 before His throne only enters into that larger life of which 
 in some way or other we are alw y ays conscious, and no 
 testimony that has been given to us, except the testimony 
 of Him " who spake as never man spake," can add more 
 to our knowledge of what He has intended for us there. 
 
 I find that whoever here speaks to me of INGALLS 
 expects that I should have known him personally, inti 
 mately, and well. I came to Kansas about ten years after 
 he did. The great conflict of the civil war was closed, 
 
John James Inga/ls. 117 
 
 and the Commonwealth was a Commonwealth of peace, 
 industry, and happiness when I came. Within four or 
 five years after that time he was elected to the Senate, and 
 I only met him at intervals of four or five years after that, 
 until after his service in the Senate had expired. I have 
 lived thirty-five years in the State, and I doubt whether 
 I have had more than an hour s conversation with Mr. 
 INGALLS in all the years that we were in the same State, 
 we met so seldom. And yet no one of us could be ignorant 
 of the man or of his work. 
 
 Without attempting to trespass upon your patience by 
 repeating some of the things that have been recited from 
 his personal history, I will ask you to bear in mind that he 
 came to Kansas in 1858, while Kansas Territory was still 
 the arena of the greatest moral conflict that the world has 
 seen in our civilization. Ideas were glowing with heat in 
 all the affairs of men. The highest thoughts were con 
 tending. Passions of men, interests of partisan politics, 
 fanaticism were in conflict with each other and in conflict 
 with patriotism. 
 
 Many of the men are yet living who were engaged 
 in it then. For 50 miles inward from the Missouri 
 border nearly every landscape had somewhere on it a 
 stain of blood of the conflict between men in the battle 
 for freedom, as well as for liberty. When he came the 
 men were still living who had been engaged in that 
 kind of a conflict, and the question of whether Kansas 
 should be free or slave, the question of whether the 
 nation should fight out its battle with itself and live, 
 was yet not settled. Statesmen and orators were debating 
 
n8 Acceptance of Statiie of 
 
 about the question of how human slaver}- could be 
 extinguished in our country, under our form of govern 
 ment, and the Constitution be preserved. Great men 
 argued the moral wrong of slaver}-, and presented it as 
 if, in some way or other, the tremendous wrong of it 
 ought to override the authority of law and destroy it. 
 I will not attempt now to recount the steps by which 
 the final conflict came by which the final clash came. 
 He was there he was present when it began ; he lived 
 through it. He was contemporaneous with men of strong 
 character and of great action. After it was all over and 
 after the Commonwealth had been planted firmly on a 
 foundation of peace and prosperity, he was chosen Senator 
 from among a coterie of the strongest men, I think, 
 who ever have opened a new Territory and builded a 
 new State in this nation. Many elements in his character 
 were unknown then, and some of them, perhaps, are not 
 known yet. We lived so near him and so much in his 
 presence we can hardly realize what elements went to 
 make up what he really was. But now, looking at his 
 life as he lived it, reading his words as he gave them to 
 us, gathering some glimpses of the sphere in which he 
 lived, it seems to me as if he had lived aloft in a higher 
 sphere and from time to time descended to the ordinary 
 walks and occupations of life ; so that when he was 
 engaged in the political conflicts that resulted in his 
 election as Senator he came down from a higher plane a 
 higher field of thought and contemplation and with 
 him he brought a range of vision and of thought that 
 does not appear to us. The whole field of ancient history, 
 
John James Ingalls, 119 
 
 the story of the civilizations of the earth, the panorama 
 of the nations, and the story of our race, appear to have 
 been familiar to him and constantly with him. He 
 seemed to have had them in contemplation every time 
 he thought or spoke of the purpose and life of this 
 nation. 
 
 He was a Puritan, and his fathers for three centuries had 
 lived as Puritans upon the soil where he was born. He 
 had their faith, their hopes, their convictions, their mental 
 habits as well as their moral purposes. He could not see 
 liberty except, through the vision which that faith gave 
 him. He saw the purpose and the liberties and institutions 
 of the nation as a Puritan. Somewhere in one of his 
 essays, in this beautiful memorial volume which his wife 
 has collected and dedicated to the people of the State that 
 he loved, is a paragraph which I think I will read in order 
 that you may see what seemed to be always present in his 
 mind when he contemplated his work and his country. 
 
 In one of his speeches he said : 
 
 Mr. President, the race to which we belong is the most arrogant and 
 rapacious, the most exclusive and indomitable, in history. It is the con 
 quering and unconquerable race, through which alone man has taken 
 possession of the physical and moral world. To our race humanity is 
 indebted for religion, for literature, for civilization. It has a genius for 
 conquest, for politics, for jurisprudence, and for administration. The 
 home and the family are its contributions to society. Individualism, fra 
 ternity, liberty, and equality have been its contributions to the state. All 
 other races have been its enemies or its victims. 
 
 This, sir, is not the time, nor is this the occasion, to consider the pro 
 foundly interesting question of the unity of races. It is sufficient to say 
 that either by instinct or design the Caucasian race at every step of its 
 progress from barbarism to enlightenment has refused to mingle its blood 
 or assimilate with the two other great human families, the Mongolian and 
 the African, and has persistently rejected adulteration. It has found 
 the fullest and most complete realization of its fundamental ideas of 
 
1 20 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 government and society upon this continent, and there can be no doubt 
 that upon this arena its future and most magnificent triumphs are to be 
 accomplished. 
 
 The exiles of Plymouth and of Jamestown brought hither political and 
 social ideas which have developed with inconceivable energy and power. 
 They ventured upon a hitherto untried experiment, a daring innovation, 
 a paradox in government. 
 
 They who rule are those who are to be governed. The rulers frame the 
 law to which they themselves must submit. The kings are the subjects, 
 and those who are free voluntarily surrender a portion of their freedom 
 that their own liberties may be more secure. The ablest soothsayer could 
 not have foretold the wonderful development of the first century of 
 American nationality, the increase in population, the expanse of boun 
 dary, the aggrandizement of resources. The frontier has been abolished; 
 the climate has been conquered; the desert subdued. For these con 
 ditions, which could not have been predicted, for which there were 
 neither maxims, nor formulas, nor precedents, the genius of the Caucasian 
 race has furnished an equivalent in the Constitution under which we live, 
 an organic law flexible enough to permit indefinite and unlimited expan 
 sion and at the same time rigid enough hitherto to protect the rights of 
 the weakest and the humblest from invasion. 
 
 From its latent resources have been evoked vast and unsuspected powers 
 that have become the charters of liberty to the victims of its misconstruc 
 tion; beneath its beneficent covenants every faith has found a shelter, 
 every creed a sanctuary, and every wrong redress. It has reconciled 
 interests that were apparently in irrepressible conflict. It has resisted the 
 rancour of party spirit, the vehemence of faction, the perils of foreign 
 immigration, the collision of civil war, the jealous menace of foreign and 
 hostile nations. It has realized up to this time the splendid dream of the 
 great English apostle of modern liberty, who said in the midst of the 
 struggle for the dismemberment of the American Union : 
 
 I have another and a broader vision before my gaze. It may be a 
 vision, but I cherish it. I see one vast confederation reaching from the 
 frozen north in unbroken line to the glowing south, and from the wild 
 billows of the Atlantic to the calmer waters of the Pacific main; and I 
 see one people and one language and one law and one faith, and all over 
 that wide continent a home of freedom and a refuge for the oppressed of 
 every race and every clime." 
 
 It was this great ideal of the liberties and future of our 
 nation which he seemed to have constantly before him. 
 He spoke of it, he thought of it, he wrote of it, and 
 scarcely any public address of his can be found that in 
 
John James Ingalls. 121 
 
 some way does not incite our admiration of his ideal of 
 it. It would be useless for me now to attempt to eulo 
 gize such a master of the English language. He played 
 in the intellectual arena as a skillful swordsman with a 
 rapier, and whoever came into contact with him most 
 feared him. I think there was in his sensitive soul the 
 fear of a larger conflict. I doubt whether he ever for a 
 moment felt any fear of a man as a man. I do not think 
 he ever felt any fear of debate or of the intellectual com 
 bat with another man. Yet I think he always shrank 
 from the criticism of an adverse popular opinion. He 
 sometimes said that popular opinion was the real sover 
 eign of this nation and must always be so in a govern 
 ment like ours, that the "popular opinion" made and 
 unmade administrations, parties, and men, and I think he 
 shrank from the battle of it. 
 
 If he feared anything it was the impersonal mass, the 
 ruthless tyranny, the rash, impetuous action of a mis 
 guided, unthinking multitude that might mean the 
 destruction of the beautiful ideal nation. He could see 
 the calamity which could come in this way, and he felt 
 the terror of it and felt the helplessness of one individ 
 ual in any contest with it. Vet he had in him the ele 
 ments that would have made him a martyr to a principle 
 of faith. He would have died for the thing that he 
 believed as freely and as bravely as any martyr ever 
 went to the stake for a faith. 
 
 There are enough incidents in his life to bear testi 
 mony to this. 
 
122 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 I do not think he had selected himself for fame. It 
 is easy to say of a man with such an illustrious career 
 that he had an ambition, and it is easy to say of him 
 that he sought the Senate to gratify his ambition. I do 
 not think it could quite be said of him. I know he did 
 not seek the place that we are now giving him, and did 
 not dream that it was his. He sought to serve Kansas; 
 he sought to serve a nation as one of the race that had 
 made it. He did not seek honor for honor s sake. He 
 sought service, and honor came. I said that I know that 
 he did not seek the place which we are now giving 
 him. Speaking of another he said this : 
 
 The old Hall of the House of Representatives in the Capitol at Washing 
 ton, which is consecrated by the genius, the wisdom, and the patriotism 
 of the statesmen of the first century of American history, has been desig 
 nated by Congress as a national gallery of statuary, to which each State is 
 invited to contribute two bronze or marble statues of her citizens, illus 
 trious for their historic renown, or from distinguished civic and military 
 services. 
 
 It will be long before this silent congregation is complete. With tardy 
 footsteps they slowly ascend their pedestals; voiceless orators, whose stony 
 eloquence will salute and inspire the generations of freemen to come; 
 bronze warriors, whose unsheathed swords seem yet to direct the onset, 
 and whose command will pass from century to century, inspiring an 
 unbroken line of heroes to guard with ceaseless care the heritage their 
 valor won. 
 
 Kansas is yet in her youth. She has no associations that are venerable 
 by age. All her dead have been the contemporaries of those who yet live. 
 The verdict of posterity can only be anticipated. But, like all communi 
 ties, we have had our heroic era, and it has closed. 
 
 Then he proceeded to suggest another name for this 
 place. But we have selected him. 
 
 At various times in our State we have discussed the 
 question of which one of the men who built the Common 
 wealth of Kansas should be selected for this place. But 
 
John James Ingalls. 123 
 
 the warm generous heart of Hon. Bailey Peyton Waggener, 
 a friend and neighbor in his home city though of the 
 opposite political faith, selected and named INGALLS as 
 the voice which most represented Kansas. 
 
 When Mr. Waggener, who is an able and eminent 
 lawyer, as a member of the Kansas legislature proposed 
 the resolution providing for this statue, it was passed by 
 the unanimous vote of both houses. It was the tribute 
 of a noble nature to a friend. It came from one who also 
 loved Kansas, and the State responded as to the warm 
 hand clasp of a friend. And now to this hall of fame we 
 give this statue. 
 
 Kansas is the child of Plymouth Rock. It is sometimes 
 said she is the daughter of Massachusetts, and it is this 
 son of Massachusetts, coming in a direct line from the 
 land at Plymouth Rock, whom we bring back and put in 
 Statuary Hall to stand speaking the voice of liberty to 
 liberty s children as the centuries come and go. [Applause.] 
 
124 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 Address of Mr. Murdock, of Kansas 
 
 Mr. SPEAKER: At a reception in the White House, not 
 long ago, the slowly moving line of guests conjectured 
 upon the identity of a certain bust, the name graven upon 
 which was obscure. None guessed aright, as was proved 
 when some one, leaving the line and reading the inscrip 
 tion on the marble, introduced through the haze of half a 
 century to the questioning company the thirteenth Presi 
 dent of the United States Millard Fillmore. 
 
 Remembering the incident, while I stood before the 
 image there the other day, the fancy came to me that long 
 hence, when the golden centuries shall lie rich upon the 
 hoary nation s history, when a score of wars shall have 
 added a thousand statues here, a thousand debates a score, 
 when the sculptor shall have survived the sculptured, and 
 Art, preserving what History can not save, shall have 
 survived both, that then some one may still remember 
 INGALLS INGALLS, of Kansas; INGALLS, the incautious, 
 the daring, the unique remember him as one who pre 
 served his own personality, persisted in his own point of 
 view, gave audience to impulse, voice to impression; as 
 one who upon occasion loved a whim as dearly as a con 
 viction, and both in the gravity of a small crisis and the 
 abandon of a cataclysm remained the same INGALLS, sur 
 rendering no shade of native resolution upon the demand 
 of any man or men or situation whatsoever. 
 
John James Ingalls. 125 
 
 For the INGALLS who, at graduation, wasped the owlish 
 professors in youth was the stinging INGALLS of the Senate 
 in maturity, as the INGALLS of 30 with a soul responding 
 to the ministry of the Kansas landscape was the INGALLS 
 of the Senate reaching for the Infinite in the marvelous 
 eulogies he there pronounced, was the dying INGALLS re 
 peating softly the Lord s Prayer. 
 
 For the INGALLS of youth, the INGALLS of eighteen 
 years Senatorial activity, and the INGALLS old and in 
 defeat are the same INGALLS always; politically impos 
 sible at times, perhaps, but colorless, never. 
 
 And Kansas gives a statue notably exceptional herein : 
 That before this day no commonwealth has ever given to a 
 satirist in political life a statue. Literature, too, seldom 
 so rewards them, for there is no Cervantes marble or 
 bronze I am told, in all Spain. Dean Swift s memory, 
 if we depended upon art for it, would rest with a bust. 
 Ancient Athens, I have read, had at one time more 
 statues than population, with not a satirist among them, I 
 dare say. 
 
 This is the wonder in this earnest of INGALLS S perma 
 nent renown. He remained through life himself creator 
 and sole sponsor of the chance children of his brain. He 
 resisted analysis. He defied the political yardstick. No 
 single phrase will measure him. No strictly partisan mind 
 ever comprehended and no partisan pen ever described 
 him. Long activity in Washington works to a procrus- 
 tean average, seeks to put a common stature upon all who 
 grind through it. It never cut the personality of JOHN J. 
 INGALLS an inch or stretched it a barleycorn. He knew, 
 
126 Acceptance of Statue of 
 
 depend upon it, the fixed and rudimentary method of per 
 sonal politics, and he scorned them. He understood to the 
 last syllable the game of those who ventured all by conjur 
 ing with a single great advocacy ; the game, too, of those 
 who ordered their careers in an imponderable and impene 
 trable negation, and, with cheer, put them away from him ; 
 knew the wavering loyalty that follows defense, and when 
 he pleased defended ; knew also that attack politically is 
 no part of defense, and needing defense, forthwith, light of 
 heart and to the consternation of his political adherents, 
 attacked. He never, so far as I know, bought an advantage 
 cheaply w r ith a guarded assertion or a qualified indorse 
 ment; never hid the main issue in the emphasis of a 
 nonessential. No consideration of safety commanded his 
 silence. All patience he had with the completely serious 
 and discreet of the political world, as is meet, but he did 
 not always withhold a glance of interest at the daring and 
 defying w r ho upon occasion put drama into a dun world. 
 
 And the sharpest of his own weapons he carried lightly 
 to the last satire the weapon which even- aspirant in 
 politics discards instinctively in the primary grade, and 
 which no man ever carried in politics, save to disaster. 
 
 For INGALLS in his day breathed an atmosphere heavy 
 with a vigorous commercialism a commercialism which 
 expected that all should forget, in the radiance of its 
 mighty achievements, that it was granting the divine 
 right to the majority stockholder and holding inviolate 
 the sanctity of all success, a commercialism which de 
 manded that partisan politics, in deference due to high 
 endeavor, should turn deaf and blind to certain attendant 
 
John James Ingalh. 127 
 
 tendencies in an epoch that would have asked Peter the 
 Hermit to facilitate the crusade by an issue of bonds; 
 driven the masked Junius to the advertising pages to 
 avoid libel, and, if encouraged in a utilitarian way, would 
 have mourned doubtless the waste of uncommercialized 
 energy in the beat of the sparrow s wings. 
 
 Once into such an atmosphere ING ALLS threw a glove. 
 He gave a famous interview, in which he declared that 
 the purification of politics was an iridescent dream. He 
 was not inculcating a doctrine but describing a condition. 
 He was challenging, not violating, the ideals of .the 
 Republic. The purification of politics is not an irides 
 cent dream. The march has been a-way from the open 
 and controlled ballot to the secret and uncontrolled one, 
 away from the unguarded primary to the safeguarded 
 one, away from the bad and to the good, not to new 
 ideals, but to reawakened devotion to old ideals. 
 
 It is noteworthy, I think, that a satirist, by his chal 
 lenge, helped to divert the march away from bad and to 
 the good. It is entirely within all precedent, I think, 
 that he should haye suffered for his challenge; but it is 
 notably exceptional, I declare, Mr. Speaker, that after 
 such splendid hardihood the satirist should be at all 
 should be so soon rewarded. [Loud applause.] 
 
 Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent 
 to take from the Speaker s table the resolutions of the 
 Senate in regard to the INGALLS statue, and that the 
 same be placed upon their final passage. 
 
 The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Reeder). The Clerk 
 will report the resolutions. 
 
06433 
 
 
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