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DESCRIPTION 
 
 IHE COUNTY OF WESTMORELAND, 
 
 BY 
 
 SIR DANIEL FLEMING OF RYDAL, 
 A.D. 1671. 
 
 EDITED, 
 
 FOR THE CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORLAND ANTIQUARIAN AND 
 
 ARCH.EOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 
 
 From the Ori^^inal aMS. in the Bodleian Lihrayij, 
 
 BY SIR G. F. DUCKETT, BART. 
 
 BERNARD QUARITCH, PICCADILLY. 
 KENDAL, T. WILSON. 
 
 18S2. 
 
J 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2008 with funding from 
 
 IVIicrosoft Corporation 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/descriptionofcouOOflemrich 
 
DESCRIPTION 
 
 OF 
 
 THE COUNTY OF WESTMORELAND, 
 
 BY 
 
 SIR DANIEL FLEMING OF RYDAL, 
 A.D. 1671. 
 
 EDITED, 
 
 FOR THE CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORELAND ANTIQUARIAN AND 
 ARCH^OLOGICAL SOCIETY, 
 
 From the Original MS. in the Bodleian Library, 
 
 BY SIR G. F. DUGKETT, BART. 
 
 BERNARD QUARITCH, PICCADILLY. 
 KENDAL, T. WILSON. 
 
 1882. 
 
U3SFC 
 
 A 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND; 
 
 BY 
 
 DANIEL FLEMING, Esq., afterwards Knight; 
 Compiled Anno Christi M.DC.LXXI. 
 
 From the Original MS. in the Bodleian Library. 
 
 BEYOND the farthest parts of Lancashire, more north- 
 ward, lyeth another lesser country of the Brigantes, 
 called by modern Latin writers Westmoria and Westmor- 
 landia, in our tongue Westmoreland, bounded on the west 
 and north with Cumberland and part of Lancashire, on the 
 south with Lancashire, and on the east with Yorkshire and 
 Bishoprick of Durham, which, because it lyeth among 
 moors and high hills, and was antiently for the most part 
 unmanured, came by this name in our language, for such 
 barren places which cannot easily, by the painful labour of 
 the husbandman be brought to fruitfulness, the northern 
 English men call moores, and Westmoreland is nothing 
 else but a western moorish country. f 
 
 * This MS. has already been alluded to at p. 13, vol. iv, of the Cumberland 
 and Westmoreland Transactions, being numbered B. 436 in the Rawlinson Col- 
 lection. The writer, Sir Daniel Fleming of Rydal, belonged to one of the most 
 ancient families in Westmoreland, and his history and descent is exhaustively 
 given by Burn, who at p. 2, vol. i of his " History of Cumberland and Westmore- 
 land, acknowledges the use he made of the very MS. now under notice. 
 
 t Although it is currently supposed, especially by those indigenous to the 
 county, that its orthography as "Westmoreland" is less correct than that of 
 " Westmorland," it is worthy of note that the latter form seems to have come 
 into vogue within the last hundred years. The spelling, therefore, adopted by Sir 
 Daniel is consequently the older of the two. We cannot, however, quite accept his 
 definition of the name. The earliest records have " JJ'estmeriland " and " If^est- 
 merlaiul," which last, or rather " Westmerelnnd " is suggestive of a district 
 abounding in lakes (or meres). 
 
 The 
 
 !V!5275c56> 
 
2 A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 
 
 The length thereof extending from Burton in her south 
 to the joining Cumberland and the Bishoprick of Durham, 
 (in the mountains near the first rise of the two rivers Tees 
 and Tyne), in her north part, is above thirty miles ; the 
 broadest part, from the east to west is from the Spittle on 
 Stainmoor to the Shire-stones* on Wreynose, containing 
 about twenty-four miles ; the whole circumference above 
 CXII miles. 
 
 The air in winter especially, is a httle sharp and piercing, 
 yet very healthful ; the soil for a great part of it is but 
 barren, being full of great moors and high mountains, 
 called in the north Fells, yet there are many fruitful 
 valleys in it, abounding with good arable, meadows, and 
 pasture grounds, and commended for plenty of corn and 
 cattle. 
 
 1. The division thereof, according to its ecclesiastical 
 government, is part (viz. the Barony of Kendal) within the 
 diocess of Chester, and part (viz. the bottom of Westmore- 
 land) in Carlile diocess; these two parts are divided into 
 several deanries, which are again divided into many 
 parishes. 
 
 2. Its division according to the temporal government 
 thereof, is into two great Baronys, the one being divided 
 from the other by a ridge of mountains, our Appenine 
 growing here broader, thro' which there are three common, 
 but not very good passes, called Grayrigge-Hawse, Crooke- 
 dale-Hawse, and Kirkstone, containing the south part of 
 the county called Kendal-Barony, which was given to Ivo 
 Tailboys by the Conqueror ; this Ivo had issue Elthred,t 
 
 * The point at which the counties of Cumberland, Westmoreland, and Lanca- 
 shire meet. 
 
 f That Ivo de Tailboys was father of Ethelred must not be assumed without 
 reference to the following- authorities : — "The Pipe Rolls of Cumberland, West- 
 morland, and Durham," with Introductions, pp. xviii and xciv; " Duchetiana," 
 pp. 135, 136, 137, 148, 149; paper on the "Early History of Cumberland," by John 
 Hodgson Hinde, in the Archaeologfical Journal, vol. xvi, pp. 217, 235; paper on the 
 " Curwens of VVorkington Hall," by W. Jackson, F.S.A.; and Transactions of 
 
 and 
 
A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 3 
 
 and he Retell, who had issue Gilbert whose eldest son was 
 William, who obtained a license of K. Hen. 2 to change 
 his name and to call himself and his posterity Lancaster, 
 from whom the Lancasters of this county, heretofore a 
 great family, were descended. In Parliament before the 
 King, he was stiled Will"^ de Lancaster, Baron of Kendall, 
 and this Barony was afterwards enjoyed by Helwise, his 
 grandchild, and heir, daughter of William of Lancaster the 
 2"^, who was married unto Gilbert the son of Roger fitz 
 Reinfrid, by whose daughter, (after her son WilHam of 
 Lancaster the 3^ was dead), the inheritance went to Peter 
 Brus, Lord of Skelton, the 2^ of that name, and unto 
 William Lyndsey, by which Peter Brus his daughter 
 called Margaret, the sister and heir of Peter Brus the 3"^, 
 came this Barony to the Rosses of Werke, and from them 
 by right of inheritance this possession was devolved upon 
 the Parrs, of whom S"^ Will°^ Parr was made Lord Parr of 
 Kendall by K. Hen. VHL, and in the 35 of his reign, this 
 Lord in right of Anne (daughter and heir of Henry Bour- 
 chier, Earl of Essex), his first wife, was created Earl of 
 Essex, and afterwards in i Edw. 6 he was created Marquess 
 of Northampton, but he dying without issue, the Barony 
 came to the Crown where it now remaineth.* 
 
 The Barony of Kendall is divided into two wards, viz. 
 Kendall-Ward and Lonsdale-ward, which are subdivided 
 into several constablewicks. 
 
 the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, vol. 
 V, pp, iSi, 1S2. 
 
 The Barony of Kendal was included in Amounderness, which at the period of 
 the Doomsday Survey, comprised, in addition, the south-western corner of Cum- 
 berland, all Lancashire north of the Ribble, and the Wapentake of Ewecross in 
 the West Riding- of Yorkshire. Kendal, with all the rest of Amounderness, was 
 in the hands of the Crown at the date of the compilation of Doomsday, but was 
 afterwards in the possession of Ivo de Tailboys. An explanation, (from which we 
 entirely dissent), is given in the " Pipe Rolls," ut supra, pp. xlii, xliii, as to the 
 way in which the Barony of Kendal became vested in William de Lancaster. 
 From him, however, it descended as stated in the text. 
 
 * See this descent given very fully in Burn's " History of Cumberland and 
 Westmoreland, vol. i ; and "Duchetiana" (Lancaster Evidences), pp. 135 — 154. 
 
 The 
 
4 A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 
 
 The other Barony* containeth all the rest of the county, 
 being the north part thereof, and called the Barony of 
 Westmoreland, of late the bottom of Westmoreland, the 
 ofBce of hereditary Sheriff of the whole county being parcell 
 of the said Barony, (that office heretofore holding by one 
 Knight's fee, and the rest of the Barony by three), was 
 granted by King John October 8th in the 5th year of his 
 reign unto Robert de Veteriponte (or Vipont), and unto the 
 heirs of his body of him and his then wife to be begotten, 
 whose name was Idonea, daughter and heir of John de Buly, 
 [Builly], owner of the castle of Tickhill, this Barony continued 
 in the Viponts name for three descents, but then by mar- 
 riage it came to the Cliffords, in which noble family it hath 
 until this time continued, being now enjoyed by the Right 
 Honourable Lady Anne Clifford, Westmoreland and Vescy, 
 Countess Dowager of Pembroke, Dorset, and Montgomery, 
 and only daughter of George, Earl of Cumberland deceased, 
 (See a pedigree of the Cliffords in Thoresby's Ducatus, p. 
 62, 63), whose paternall arms were, Cheque or and azure, 
 a fess gules. In anno 1726 this Barony was enjoyed by 
 the Earl of Thanet, in right of Margaret, daughter of the 
 said Anne and Richard Sackville, Earl of Dorset, who was 
 married to John Tufton, Earl of Thanet, and had issue by 
 him Nicolas, John, Richard, and Thomas, who was (sic) 
 successively Earls of Thanet.t This Barony is also divided 
 into two wards, (there being no Hundreds in this county, 
 it being freed from all subsidies until King James i^* time, 
 by reason of its no small charge in Border service against 
 the Scots), called the East and West Wards, which are 
 again divided into many Constablewicks. 
 
 In Lonsdale-ward are two market towns: 
 I. Burton, a town indifferently well built, and procured 
 
 * The Barony of Appleby was part of the Earldom of Carlisle, and hence was 
 not included in the Doomsday Survey. That Earldom reverted to the Crown when 
 i ts possessor Ranulph became Earl of Chester. 
 
 t This paragraph must have been added by a subsequent hand. 
 
 to 
 
A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 5 
 
 to be a market since his Majesties happy restoration by S"" 
 George Middleton, of Leighton, in Lancashire, Kn* and 
 Bart., Lord thereof, its market day every Tuesday, and fairs 
 every 25th April and Whitsun-Monday. 
 
 2. Kirkhy Lonsdale, antiently writ, Kirkby-in-Lonsdale, 
 i.e., the church-town in Lonsdale ; its a fair market town, 
 scituate on the banks of the river Lon, which giveth name 
 to this place and to Loncaster, placed on the same river. 
 This is a town of note, whither all the people round about 
 repair to church and market, it being the greatest town, 
 save Kendall, in this county ; it is scituate in a pleasant 
 and rich vale called Lonsdale, and is beautified with a fair 
 church, and a large bridge of stone. This town and lord- 
 ship hath several priviledges, and was heretofore belonging 
 to the Prestons of Holker, until of late it was sold to S** 
 John Lowther, of Lowther, Bart.,* who is now Lord thereof. 
 The market day is every Thursday, and the fairs on Ascen- 
 sion Day and S* Thomas Day. 
 
 OTHER PLACES OF NOTE IN THIS WARD. 
 
 1. Biggins, which heretofore belonged to the Prestons, 
 from whom it came by marriage to Tho. Carus, son and 
 heir of Judge Carus in Queen Eliz. time, and from him to 
 the Curwens of Workington, it went afterwards to the 
 Prestons of Holdker, and was lately sold to S"" Jn° Lowther 
 of Lowther, Bart. 
 
 2. Underley, a pleasant seat belonging to Hen. Wilson 
 Esq^ 
 
 3. Middleton Hall, a pleasant and stately seat, which 
 gave name to the antient family of the Middletons, now 
 enjoyed by John Middleton Esq"". Arms, Argent, a saltire 
 engrailed sable. 
 
 The market towns in Kendall-Ward are two, viz. 
 
 * Ancestor of the present Earl of Lonsdale. The number of estates bought up 
 about this time and later by Sir John Lowther in the county of Westmorland is 
 very remarkable, the owners in many instances parting with them at a mere 
 nominal value. 
 
 I. 
 
6 A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 
 
 I. Kendall, or rather Kirkby Kendale (writ antiently 
 Kirkby in Kendale, i.e., the church town in Kendale. It 
 is the chief town for largeness, neatness, buildings and 
 trade in this county, and is most pleasantly seated, for the 
 most part, on the west bank of the river Kent, so called 
 from Kent-meer in this county, where its head is, which 
 river gave name to a fruitful vale called Kent-dale, wherein 
 this town is placed, and to Kent-Sands in Lancashire, 
 this town gave name to the whole Barony. Here was 
 kept the sessions of the peace for this part of the county, 
 as the sessions for the other part is holden at Appleby, 
 which two parts do comprehend the whole county, and do 
 somewhat resemble the Ridings in Yorkshire. This town 
 is seated in a very good air, and its healthfulness is im- 
 proved partly by the cleanliness of the people, and partly 
 by its situation on a hill side, the river carrying away what- 
 ever filthiness the descending rain washeth out of it. It 
 hath two broad and long streets, fairly built, crossing the one 
 over the other, 2 large stone bridges, and one of wood. It 
 hath also a fair church, which doth contain every Sunday 
 as many people (almost) as any parish church in England, 
 the advowson of it belongs to Trinity College, Cambridge, 
 to which also the impropriation of this parish doth apper- 
 tain. To this church belong twelve Chapels of Ease, (the 
 remains of a greater number), \_w]iicli\ pay their filial duty. It 
 hath five rows of pillars and divers monuments within it, 
 as in our Lady's-Chapel, erected by S"^ Roger Bellingham 
 of Burnshead KnS who in the north side lies buried with 
 his wife in a goodly tomb, with an inscription in brass 
 under their effigies. In the same place lies Dame Thomasin 
 Thornborough, wife to S'' Will™ T. of Selside Kn\ and 
 grandaughter to the said S^ Roger Bellingham, with an 
 epitaph over her in white marble ; adjoining to Our Lady's 
 Chapel, is a Quire belonging to the family of the Belling- 
 hams of Over Levens, and in it a handsome tomb, wherein 
 lies Allan Bellingham Esq^, (grandfather of Allan B. now of 
 
 Over 
 
A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 7 
 
 Over-Levens EsqO, and over it his effigies cut in brass, 
 with an epitaph ; on the south side of the church is a large 
 Quire (or Isle), antiently belonging to the Lord Parr of 
 Kendale, and yet bearing his name, wherein lies S"" Tho. 
 Parr in a large tomb without any inscription, only in the 
 glass window over it, was written — 
 
 Pray for the Soul of Syr Thomas Parr Knight, 
 Who was Squier of the Body to Henrie the Eight. 
 
 which was demolished in the late sacrilegious and rebellious 
 times. Close by lies the body of S'" Augustine Niccols KnS 
 (one of the Justices of the Court of Common Pleas), who 
 sitting as a justice of assize in this town, (which was in 
 those days the usual place in this county for it), died Aug. 
 3 A.D. 1616 ^tat. 57, who hath a fair marble monument 
 with an inscription. Adjoining to this, towards the High 
 Quire, is a Quire belonging to S'^ Thomas Strickland of 
 Sizergh, within this parish Kn^, in which his eldest son 
 Walter, and four other infants lie buried, with a rich marble 
 monument over them. In the High Quire lies the body of 
 that reverend and religious prelate, Robert Dawson, Bishop 
 of Clonfort,* in Ireland, who in the time of the Irish Re- 
 bellion came with much difficulty to his native soil, and 
 died in his father's house in Kendale ; over the grave is 
 this epitaph engraven in brass: 
 
 Hie jacet Reverendus in Christo Robertas Dawson Episcopus 
 Clonfortensis, & Ducensis Hibernicus, qui obiit die 13" 
 
 Aprilis, 1643. 
 
 and close by him divers Vicars of Kendale, of whom to 
 conclude this part, I shall only take notice of Mr. Ralph 
 Tyrer B.D., whose epitaph drawn by his own hand whilst 
 living, was afterwards thus engraven in brass : 
 
 Here lieth the Body of Mr. Ralph Tyrer late Vicar of Kendale B.D. 
 who died June 4 A.D. 1627. 
 
 London bred me, Westminster fed me, 
 Cambridge sped mee, my sister wed mee, 
 
 * Bishop of Clonfert (and Kilmacduagh); hodie Killaloe. Stud}' 
 
A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 
 
 Study taught mee, Livings saught mee, 
 Learning brought mee, Kendall caught mee, 
 Labour pressed mee, sickness distressed mee, 
 Death oppressed mee, the grave possessed mee, 
 God first gave mee, Christ did save mee. 
 Earth did crave mee, and Heav'n would have mee. 
 
 The present vicar is Mr. Will"^ Brownsword, who hath 
 under him a curate, clerk, and six churchwardens. This 
 town is a place of excellent manufacture, and for civility, 
 ingenuity, and industry so surpassing, that in regard 
 thereof it deservedly carrieth a great name. The trade of 
 the town makes it populous, and the people seem to be 
 shaped out for trade, improving themselves not only in 
 their old manufactures of cottons, but of late of making of 
 drugget, serges, hatts, worsted, stockins, &c., whereby 
 many of the poor are daily set on work, and the town much 
 enriched. The inhabitants are generally addicted to 
 sobriety and temperance, and express a thriftiness in their 
 apparrel, the women using a plain tho' decent and hand- 
 some dress, above most of their neighbours. They count 
 it much for their credit, that their town hath dignified 
 Barons, Earls, and Dukes, and several of them of the 
 Blood Royal with the title thereof. As for the Barons of 
 Kendale, they are herein beforenamed, and for the Earls, 
 there have been three, viz. John, Duke of Somerset made 
 Earl by Henry VI., John, Duke of Bedford 3^ son of King 
 Henry IV., advanced to that honour by his brother King 
 Henry V., and John de Foix, of that most noble and hon'ble 
 family of the Foix's in France, whom King Henry VI. for 
 his faithful services in the French wars had preferred to 
 that dignity, since which those of that family do write 
 write themselves Earls of Longueville and Kendall; and 
 as for the Duke, those (sic) of his Majesty, was pleased Anno 
 Domini 1664 to create Charles, the 3"^ son of His Royal 
 Highness the Duke of York, Duke of Kendall, who 
 died A.D. 1667, to the great sorrow of the whole 
 
 kingdom, 
 
A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. g 
 
 kingdom, and especially of the town. In this town 
 were born and educated two eminent persons of thefamil}- 
 of the Potters, Dr. Barnabas Potter, Bishop of Carlisle, 
 and Dr. Christopher Potter, Provost of Queen's College, 
 in Oxford. It is fortified on the east side with a fair old 
 castle, the antient seat of some of the Lords of this town, 
 eminent for the birth of Queen Katherine, sixth wife of 
 Henry VIII., and sister to S^ William Parr, Marquess of 
 Northampton, but now fall'n into decay, so as little remains 
 of it but the walls. It was sometimes called antiently 
 Haycastle; and on the west side of this town is defended 
 (opposite to the said castle), with an old fort or artificial 
 hill, a great height called Castle How-hill or Battle-place, 
 which some think was the habitation of Will"^ de Lancas- 
 ter, Baron hereof, who granted many priviledges, Liberis 
 suis Burgensibus de Kirkby-in-Kendalea, which were after- 
 wards confirmed by Peter de Brus, some of which through 
 misuse or neglect of seasonable claim are lost, but the rest 
 they still enjoy. This Corporation was antiently an Alder- 
 man town, but being changed in King James i^^ reign, it 
 hath ever since been a Mayor town, and is now (1671) 
 prudently governed by James Sympson Esq., Mayor thereof. 
 Will™ Guy, Edw^ Turner, To. Towers, Tho. Fisher, W™ 
 Potter, Tho. Jackson, John Park, Tho. Turner, Stephen 
 Birkett, James Troughton, Will"^ Collinson, and John 
 Jefferson, aldermen of the said town, with 20 common 
 council men, assisted by Tho. Braithwaite Esq. Recorder, 
 and Mr. Allan, Town-clerk, and two Attornies, who still 
 attend at their sessions and courts of record ; herein are 
 also a sword-bearer, two serjeants-at-mace, two chamber- 
 lains, three constables, and six overseers for the poor. In 
 this town are seven companies, viz. Mercers, Shearmen, 
 Cordwainers, Tanners, Glovers, Taylors, and Pewterers, 
 each of which companies hath a Warden, chosen ever}- 
 year, and sworn to see their several trades, and the obser- 
 vation of their orders, having also each of them a several 
 
 Hall, 
 
10 A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 
 
 Hall, or place belonging to the said companies. Here is 
 quarterly a general sessions of the peace holden for this 
 town by the Mayor, Recorder, and two senior Aldermen, 
 who are all justices of the peace for this Corporation by 
 their charter. Here, on the side of the churchyard, stands 
 a free school, being a large building, and well endowed 
 through the Royal munificence of K. Edw. 6, P. and M., 
 and especially of Queen Elizabeth, who added to its former 
 revenue out of her own revenues, whose Royal example 
 hath been influential upon others, as upon Dr. Airay, born 
 in this parish, Mr. George Fleming, and of late upon Mr. 
 James Jackson, formerly school-master here for many 
 years, who hath given the interest of loo^' to the present 
 school-master, Mr. Richard Stewardson, and his successors 
 for ever, besides Mr. Henry Wilson, a great benefactor, 
 Mr. Charles Jopson, Mr. Henry Park, and Mr. John 
 Smith, who bestowed good exhibitions for preferring poor 
 scholars going from hence unto Queen's College, in Oxford, 
 and as charity has thus streamed out for the promoting of 
 learning, so hath it towards the poor of this town in many 
 considerable gifts, amongst which that of Mrs. Agnes 
 Fleming, of Rydall, in this county, deserves to be men- 
 tioned, and that of Mr. Thomas Sands (yet living in this 
 town), is the most considerable, for he hath lately upon his 
 own charge built a large house, wherein eight antient 
 widows, skilled in wool work, have each of them a con- 
 venient lodging-room, and a room for work, and 4 marks 
 a year in money towards their relief. There is also room 
 for a school-master to read prayers to them, and to teach 
 the poor children of the town, whose parents are not able 
 to pay for their learning, and a yearly stipend settled upon 
 him for the same ; and lastly, there is a large room for a 
 library, furnished already with many choice authors, both 
 antient and modern, to which he is daily adding more. Its 
 a great market for all sorts of provision, &c., on every 
 Saturday, and fairs for cattle on 25th April and 28th 
 
 October. 
 
A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. II 
 
 October. The country about this town is very pleasant 
 and fruitfull, abounding with corn and grass well enclosed, 
 and well stor'd with good houses, woods, and rivers, divers 
 of them empty themselves into Kent, and with it after a 
 few miles travel incorporate with the ocean. 
 
 2. Ambleside, a market chiefly for wool and yarn, erected 
 in the late times of rebellion, and ever since continued its 
 market on every Wednesday, and fairs for cattle every 
 Whitsun-Wednesday, and i8th October. Here is the 
 antientest house belonging to the Braithwaites, now pos- 
 sessed by Tho. B., Esq., whose arms are the same as with 
 Rich^ B. of Worcoppe, Esq., with the addition of a differ- 
 ence due to one descended from a second brother. Near 
 unto this town, at the upper end of Wintermere-water, lieth 
 the dead carcase, as one would say, of an antient city, 
 with great ruins of walls and many heaps of rubbish, re- 
 mains of buildings yet to be seen. The fortress thereof 
 somewhat long, fenced with a ditch and rampire, for it took 
 up in length 132 ells, and in breadth 80; this is thought by 
 Mr. Cambden to be the ruins of a Roman work, called by 
 them Amboglana, now Ambleside. 
 
 OTHER PLACES OF REMARK IN THIS WARD. 
 
 1. Betham-hall, a pleasant seat, and hath been a fair 
 house, but now much ruined. It belongs to the Earl of 
 Derby, and is now enjoyed by Ant° Ducket, Esq.,* as lessee 
 under the said earl. Through this town runs a river, 
 wherein is the great waterfall that Mr. Cambden takes 
 notice of, which river runs by Millthorp into the sea. 
 
 2. Millthorp, the only sea town in this county, whose fair 
 is May-day. Here are wines and other commodities brought 
 from beyond sea, and brought in small vessels. 
 
 3. Didlham Tower, a little below Millthorp, the seat of 
 Edw. Wilson, Esq.,t also 
 
 * Last heir-male of the Grayrigg family; ob. s.p. 
 t Hodie, ** Dallam Tower." 
 
12 A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 
 
 4. Heversham Hall, a pleasant seat of the said Mr. 
 Wilson. 
 
 5. Over-Levens, sl fair house on the south side of the river 
 Kent, which, with a fair stone bridge and pleasant park, 
 well stored with fallow-deer. Its now the habitation of the 
 Bellinghams, who have enjoyed it for several descents, 
 who derive their pedigree from the Bellinghams, heretofore 
 of Burnside, in this county. The present owner is Allan 
 Bellingham, Esq. His arms — Argent, 3 bugle-horns sable, 
 garnished and furnished Or. 
 
 6. Nether 'Lev ens, is a good seat on the north side of the 
 river Kent, a little below Over-Levens, and is now enjoyed 
 by S"^ Tho^ Preston of Y^ Mannor in Lancashire Bart., as 
 it has a long time been by his ancestors, who took their 
 surname from 
 
 7. Preston Hall adjoyning, yet possessed by the said S"^ 
 T. Preston Bart. I find that S'^ Richard de Preston Knt., 
 ancestor to the Prestons of the Mannor, and of Holker 
 in Lancashire, was living 36 Hen. IIL, and that Richard 
 Preston, Esq., (another ancestor), and Jacobina, his wife, 
 had license from the Archdeacon of Richmond to have an 
 oratory within the mannors of Preston and Levens, August 
 15, 30 H. VI. 
 
 8. Spittle, formerly an Hospital near Kendale, and now 
 possessed by S"^ John Lowther of L. Bart., and Allan Bel- 
 lingham of Levens, Esq. 
 
 9. Strickland, Roger and Ketel, heretofore writ Stirk- 
 land, gave name to the antient family of the Stricklands, 
 whose paternal coat is — Sable, 3 escalop shells argent. 
 
 10. Sisergh, a very pleasant seat, which hath a long time 
 belonged to the antient family of the Stricklands. Its a 
 park, well stored with fallow-deer, also near is Brigstear 
 Park; it now belongs to S'' Tho. Strickland Bart. 
 
 11. Witherslack, the seat now of Tho. Leyburn, Esq., 
 one of a noble antient family; his paternal arms are — B., 
 6 Lioncells rampant 3, 2, i argent. Here is a park well 
 
 stored 
 
 I 
 
A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 13 
 
 stored with fallow-deer ; it did antiently belong to the 
 Broughtons, and after them to the Earls of Derby, from 
 whom it came to this family. In this mannor is lately 
 built a fair parochial chapel by reason of its distance from 
 Betham its parish Church, and well endowed by that loyal 
 subject Dr. John Barwick, late Dean of St. Paul's, who 
 was born in this town ; it was consecrated 22nd June, 1671, 
 by Jn° Lord B? of Chester, and dedicated to St. Paul. 
 
 12. Ctmswickf the antient seat of the Leyburns, which 
 is now possessed by Mr. Roger Bradley, in right of his 
 wife, whose joynture it is, being widow to the elder brother 
 of the aforesaid Tho. Leyburn, Esq. 
 
 13. Crooke Hall, heretofore called Twatterden Hall, hath 
 for several descents belonged to the Philipsons, and is now 
 possessed by Chr. Philipson, Esq.; his paternal coat is the 
 same with Philipson of Colgarth, with the addition of a 
 border Or, for being descended of a younger brother. 
 
 14. Bttrnside or Bttrneshead, a good house and pleasant 
 seat, which gave name to a good family, whose arms were — 
 Argent, 3 bendlets gules, on a canton of the 2^, a lion ram- 
 pant of the i^K Margaret, daughter and heir of Gilbert de 
 Burneshead, brought this estate to her husband, Ric^ de 
 Bellingham, in temp. Hen. IV., whose ancestors took their 
 sirname from Bellingham in Tindale, in the county of 
 Northumberland, in w^^ family it continued 5 descents, 
 till S^ Rob^ BeUingham left issue 4 daughters, among 
 whom his estate was divided, viz., Dorothy married to 
 Anthony Ducket of Grayrigge Esq., Thomasine w. of S^ 
 Will™ Thornborough Knt, Catherine w. of — Ashton of 
 Middleton, 2^^ of Davenport, and Elizabeth w. of — Hotton 
 of Hoton-John in Cumberland.* S"^ Roger BelHngham Knt 
 (father of the said S"^ Rob^ B.), lies buried and hath a 
 monument in Kendale Church. These Bellinghams have 
 for their arms — Argent, a bugle-horn sable stringed gules. 
 This place came by the Bellinghams to S"" Tho. Clifford, 
 
 * See " Bellingham Evidences," pp. 1S4 — 5 Duchetiana. 
 
 who 
 
14 A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 
 
 who sold it to one Fitz-William, and he to one Machel of 
 Kendale, who sold it to Tho. Braithwaite Esq., father of 
 Ri. Braithwaite, now of Burnshead Esq., whose arms are 
 the same with the Braithwaites of Warcopp in this county, 
 with difference of a younger brother. Near here is — 
 
 15. Gilthwaite-Rigge, an antient seat of the Duckets, 
 which was sold by the father of Mr. Richard Ducket, now 
 Under-Sheriff of Cumberland, and is now in possession of 
 Mr. Will"" Rawlinson. 
 
 16. Skelsinergh-Hall, did antiently give sirname to an 
 antient family. It hath been for several descents the Ley- 
 burns, now Tho. Leyburn Esq. 
 
 17. G ray rigge- Hall, a good old house, all covered with 
 lead. It is chief seat of the antient family of the Duckets. 
 This did heretofore belong to the Windsores, whose arms 
 were — Gules, a saltire argent, between 12 cross-crosslets 
 or,* in which family it continued till the reign of King 
 Richard II., when John Ducket Esq. (son of Hugh, who 
 was son of Richard, whose father was William, and he the 
 son and heir of Richard Ducket {Duket) of Fillingham in the 
 county of Lincoln Esq.), married Margery daughter [sister] 
 and heir of S'^ William Windsore Knt.,t by whom he had the 
 mannor of Grayrigge, and whose issue male ever since 
 enjoyed it, none of them being in ward, every father, or 
 grandfather living untill his heir was above 21 years old. 
 Its now enjoyed by Antho. Ducket Esq., J whose arms are 
 — Sable, a saltier argent. 
 
 18. Selside Hall hath a long time belonged to the antient 
 family of the Thornboroughs, whose arms See in Hamps- 
 field [Hamsfeld'] in Lancashire. This place gave name to a 
 
 * This was the differenced coat of the Windsors of Stanwell in Middlesex. The 
 arms of the Windesores of Grayrigrg- were — Sable, a saltier argent. The history 
 of this family is exhaustively treated in Duchetiana. 
 
 t Created Baron Wyndesore 5 Richard II., ob. s.p. 8 Richard II., and was 
 buried at Heversham. 
 
 X See foot-note, p. 11. 
 
 good 
 
A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. I5 
 
 good family called Seised, from whom, in temp. Richard 
 II., it came by marriage to the Thornboroughs.* 
 
 19. Winander-meer or Winder-meer, or according to the 
 English Saxon Winwadre-mer, is the name of the greatest 
 standing water in all England, probably so called from the 
 great winds often there, or from its winding &c., turning 
 in and out ; it is of about 10 miles long, wherein are great 
 store of iish, as charrs (only got in this and Conningstone 
 Water in Lancashire, the scarceness of which fish makes 
 many charr-pies be sent yearly abroad), trouts, pikes, basse 
 (or perch), and eeles. It hath in many places (as most 
 lakes in the north), a clear pebbly bottom, which may give 
 the occasion of the saying, that its all paved in the bottom 
 with stone. On the east side of this lake, is a large parish, 
 which carrieth the name thereof, in which Eathred King 
 of Northumberland An° d. 792, when he had by force 
 fetched King Elfwold's sons oirt of York, slew them, that 
 by his own wickedness and their blood might secure the 
 kingdom to himself and his. Near this water stands Win- 
 dermer church, which is a fair building, all leaded ; it hath 
 a large quire-window with excellent painted glass, which 
 glass, as tis said, belonged to Furness Abbey in Lancashire, 
 and was after the dissolution in temp, of Henry VIII. , 
 purchased by the parishioners, in which window was the 
 pictures of divers abbots, and several coats of arms of the 
 neighbouring gentry to the abbey, as Fleming, Harrington, 
 Kirkby, Middleton, Pennington, Preston, Thornborough, 
 Urswicke, &c. Fleming's coat — Gules, a frett of six 
 pieces argent, is in divers places in the window, some of 
 which is with a file of 5 points or lambeaux azure, w^^^ 
 probably was used for a difference for the eldest son, the 
 father being living, such files being so borne in the time of 
 King Edward i^^ 
 
 20. Calgarth [Colgarth] , a good seat near Windermer- 
 
 * Selside now belongs to Francis Riddell, Esq., of Cheeseburn Grange, who, 
 through his grandmother, is the present representative of the Thornborough family. 
 
 water. 
 
 I 
 
l6 A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 
 
 water,and belongs nowtoRob^hilipsonEsq., whose paternal 
 coat is — Gules, a cheveron between three boars' heads coopee 
 ermin, tusked Or. The antiestest house in this county 
 belonging to the Philipsons is (as some say) Hallingwell- 
 Hall, enjoyed by the mother of the said Rob* Philipson as 
 her jointure ; others doth affirm that Twatterden Hall or 
 Crook Hall was the antientest house, tho' it was afterwards 
 given to a younger brother. The family do derive their 
 name from their ancestor Philip, a younger son of Therle- 
 wall of Therlewall* in Northumberland, whose heir took 
 the name of Philipson, as common in that age. 
 
 21. Kentmeer Hall did a long time belong to the antient 
 family of the Gilpins, which was sold of late by Chr. 
 Gilpin Esq., whose arms are — Or, a boar passant sable 
 armed gules. Richard Gilpin, in the time of King John, 
 was enfeoffed in the Lordship of Kentmere by the then 
 Baron of Kendale, and he-slew a wild boar that raged in 
 the mountains adjoining, whence it was that the Gilpins 
 have a boar for their coat. 
 
 22. Rydal Hall, a pleasant seat for such a mountainous 
 country, on the east side of the river Routha, a mile above 
 Ambleside ; a little below Ambleside, the Routha meets 
 the river Brathey. which divides the county from Lanca- 
 shire, and they two running in one channel, empty them- 
 selves into Winander-meer. Up the river Routha go yearly 
 great plenty of large trouts, and up Brathey many case (a 
 fish very like a charr, but of different species, it spawning 
 at another time of the year), and tho' these waters runs a 
 good way in one channel before they fall into Winander- 
 meer-water, and are both very clear and bottomed alike, 
 yet the owners of Rydal-hall (to whom the fishing of both 
 these rivers doth belong, and have a fish-ark or coop in 
 either river), scarce ever got any trouts in Brathey, or case 
 in Routha-meer, in which are several islands and store of 
 fish as pikes, perch, trouts and eeles, the fishing whereof, 
 
 * Thirlwall. 
 
 as 
 
A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. I7 
 
 as also Elter-water, Loughri^ge Tarn, and other waters 
 in the parish of Gresmere, have time out of mind beloni^ed 
 to the lords of the said mannor. The mannor of Rydall 
 and Loughrigge did antiently belong to Will, de Lan- 
 caster, Baron of Kendale, from whom it came by descent 
 unto Margaret de Bruse,* who married Robert de Ross of 
 Werke, who granted the same in the beginning of King 
 Edward i""* reign unto S*" Roger de Lancaster KnM her 
 kinsman, in whose issue male it continued, untill S"" John 
 de Lancaster (as well of Howgill-Castle as of this mannor) 
 Knt., married Isabel, one of his 4 daughters and co- 
 heirs (in the time of King Henry IV.), unto S'' Tho. le 
 Fleming of Coningstone in Lancashire Kn', by w^^^ marriage 
 this mannor came from the Lancasters unto the Flemings, 
 in whose issue male it hath ever since continued. King 
 Edward i^* confirm'd the grant of this mannor, under the 
 great seal of England, to S^ Roger de Lancaster aforesaid, 
 with free chase therein, it being antiently a forest, with 
 common of pasture for him and his tenants in Gresmere 
 for all kinds of cattle. Rydal-park was replenished with 
 deer, untill the great-grandfather to the present owner 
 thereof, caused all the deer to be killed. Here is a very 
 high mountain called Rydall-head, on the top its a levell 
 piece of ground called Fair-field. This mannor is now 
 enjoy'd by Daniel Fleming Esq'^, whose paternal coat is 
 Gules, a frett argent. 
 
 23. Gresjuer or Grass-jneer, a parish so-called. Here is a 
 great lake called Grassmeer-water, which being well stored 
 with grass, probably gave name to the place. The water 
 which runs out of Grassmeer-water, taking^its course thro' 
 Rydall-water makes up the river Routha aforesaid. Here 
 
 * Margaret de Brus was one of the four daughters of Peter de Brus (or Bruis), 
 of Skeltonand Annandale, by Helewise, one of the sisters and co-heirs of William de 
 Lancaster (the Third), Baron of Kendal. She married Robert de Ros de Werk, 
 second son of Robert de Ros of Hamlake (or Helmsley) in Yorkshire. She received 
 as her share of her uncle (William de Lancaster's) estate, the Barony of Kendal, 
 and from her son, William de Ros, eventually descended the Parrs, Lords of Ken- 
 dal. — See "Lancaster Evidences" (Duchetiana) pp. 144, 145, 152, 153, 274. 
 
 t See Cumberland and Westmorland Archaeological Journal, p. 1S6, vol. 2. 
 
 in 
 
l8 A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 
 
 in the midst, as ic were a large cock-pit, is Gresmer 
 Church, being placed in the midst of a level, encompassed 
 round with high hills ; its a large building for such a 
 country, wherein the owners of Rydall are usually buried ; 
 the advowson belongs to them. In this parish is a great 
 part of Dunmaile-Raise, a mountain over which the high- 
 way leading from Kendale by Ambleside unto Keswick and 
 Cockermouth doth pass, so called from a great heap of 
 raised stones by the high way side, (dividing the county 
 from Cumberland), cast together in antient time either by 
 King Dunmaile, sometime King of Cumberland, as a mark 
 of the utmost borders of his kingdom, or by some other in 
 remembrance of his name, for some memorable act done 
 by him there, or some victory made against him. 
 
 FOUR MARKET TOWNS IN THE EAST WARD. 
 
 1. Orton, lately made a market on every Wednesday. 
 
 2. Kirkhy -Stephen, a market-town well-known. Roger 
 Lord Clifford, &c., in 25 Edward III., obtained a grant for 
 a market day every week, and for two fairs on S* Mark's 
 day and next day, and on St. Luke's day and day after, 
 at his man"" of Kirkby-Stephen. Here is a fair church, and 
 the market much improved by the trade of making 
 stockings, lately taken up in this country. 
 
 3. Burgh, a little town placed on the foot of Stainmoor. 
 This was antiently called Verterae, a town of antient 
 memory mentioned by Antonine the Emperor, and a 
 Roman captain made his abode in the declining age of the 
 Roman Emperors in Britain, of their empire here, who 
 commanded a band of the Directores,* but now the town 
 is decayed, and become a poor small village, fenced with a 
 small fortress, and the name turned into Burgh, and com- 
 monly called Burgh under-or upon-Stainmoor, for in the 
 time of late Emperors, little castles fit for warlike occasions 
 and furnished with store of corn, began to be termed 
 
 * S. Index, eodem vrrbo. 
 
 Burgi, 
 
I 
 
 A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. I9 
 
 Burgi, Burghs. This castle ij Henry VIII. was casually 
 set on fire, (a little after Henry Lord Clifford, &c., had 
 kept a great Christmas here), so as the timber and lead 
 was consumed, also the walls became ruinous, it was re- 
 built by the Lady Anne Clifford, =:= &c.; and Robert Lord 
 Clifford, 4 Edward III., obtained that King's charter for a 
 market upon Thursday every week at his mannor of Burgh- 
 upon-Stainmoor, and a fair to begin two days before the 
 feast of S^ Matthew the Apostle, and to continue for the 
 day and morrow after, which fair is remarkable for selling 
 of cattle, but the market little or nothing. 
 
 4. Appleby. This town is memorable for its antiquity 
 and situation. It was called in the Romans' time Abellaba,t 
 and the Aurelian Maures| kept a station here ; it standeth 
 very pleasantly, being mostly encompassed by the river 
 Eden, but so slenderly inhabited, the buildings (for the 
 most part of late much amended), so mean, and the in- 
 habitants so idle, having no manufacture of note amongst 
 them, that were it not that the reason of the antiquity, it 
 had deserved to be accounted the chief town in the county, 
 (Bram.pton affirming in his Chronicle, that the land of 
 Westmoreland doth belong unto Appleby-shire), and to 
 have the assizes and sessions kept there, else it wou'd be 
 little better than a village, for all the beauty is of one broad 
 street, which from north to south riseth with an easie 
 ascent of the hill. In the upper part standeth a castle aloft, 
 environed wholly almost with the river. In the other end 
 of it is the church, and there a school, which was founded 
 by Robert Langton and Miles Spencer, Doctors of Law, the 
 revenue of which is much augmented by S"" John Lowther 
 of Lowther Bart., D'' Tho. Barlow, Provost of Queen's 
 
 * Anne Clifford, sole daughter and heir of George, third Earl of Cumberland, 
 married first Richard Sackville, Lord Buckhurst, afterwards Earl of Dorset ; and 
 secondly Philip, Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery. By her first husband she 
 had Margaret, married to John Tufton, second Earl of Thanet. The Countess 
 Dowager of Dorset, Pembroke, and Montgomery died in 1675. 
 
 t S. foot-note, p. 33. 
 
 X For further designation of these troops, S. Index, eodem verbo. 
 
 College 
 
20 A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 
 
 College in Oxford, D'' Tho. Smith, chaplain in ordinary 
 to his Majesty, and prebend of Durham, and — Sander- 
 son, rector of ; all scholars at this school, have been 
 
 notable benefactors to it. The present master is AF Ri. 
 Jackson, formerly schoolmaster at Kendale. This is a 
 very antient borrough and corporation, for King Henry IL 
 granted to the burgesses the like liberties of the city of 
 York, discharged of toll in all places except in the cities of 
 London and York, and granted the burrough at the fee- 
 farm-rent of 20^' per anfi, payable at Michaelmas and 
 Easter to the Sheriff of Westmoreland at Appleby, which 
 King John confirmed. This corporation antiently consisted 
 of a mayor, and two provosts or bailiffs, but now of a 
 mayor, 21 aldermen, many of the neighbouring gentlemen 
 are of late chosen freemen and aldermen, on purpose to 
 give a greater reputation thereunto. William of New- 
 borough* called the town and castle, Princely Hole, where 
 he writeth that William King of Scots supprised them on 
 a sudden, a little before himself was taken prisoner at 
 Alnwick, which King John afterwards recovered, and gave 
 it liberally unto Robert de Vipont, in consideration of the 
 singular good service done by him to that King and king- 
 dom. This castle was a place of strength and emminence 
 in (sic) ordered to be repaired tempore Henry HI., and tho' 
 it passed by the said grant to the said Robert, yet the 
 Kings placed their constables there. Anne Lady Clifford, 
 &c., aforesaid, hath been a noble benefactoress to this place, 
 for besides her repairing and beautifying the castle, and 
 building of fair new stables, she was present (April 23, 
 1651), at the laying of the first foundation stone of the 
 alms-house or hospital there, built there by her in the east 
 side of the street leading to the castle, which was finished, 
 and the mother and 12 sisters (11 of them being widows, 
 the 12 a married maid, and the mother a minister's widow), 
 
 * William of Newburgh or Newbury; Chronicler of Eng-lish History from 1066 
 to 1 197. He was born at Bridlington in Yorkshire about 1135 (i Stephen), and 
 became a canon of Newbury ; (Hardy). 
 
 placed 
 
A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 21 
 
 placed therein before the 12 Mar. 1653. This noble lady, 
 for the maintenance thereof, purchased the mannor of 
 Brougham in this county 4 Feb. 1651, and the lands called 
 S^ Nicolas near Appleby 29 Dec. 1652, and got the King's 
 License, under the great seal, for the said hospital, dated 
 2 Sept. 1661. She also purchased lands of M^ Edw. 
 Nevison in Temple Sowerby within this county 1653, w^^^ 
 she settled upon feoffees in trust for the yearly repairing, 
 as occasion shall require, of the church, school-house. 
 Moot-hall or town-hall, and bridge (which is a fair one of 
 
 stone), in Appleby aforesaid. She likewise 1655 
 
 bestowed 6 or 700^^ in the repairing of Appleby Church, 
 which was then very ruinous, and caused a vault to be 
 made in the north-east corner thereof, and over the same 
 got her tomb finished, in which vault she intends to be 
 buried. This town sends two burgesses to every Parlia- 
 ment ; here is a good market every Saturday for corn, &c., 
 and a great fair for cattle every Whitsun-Eve, and so every 
 fortnight until Michaelmas, besides two fairs for other 
 commodities on every Whitsun Monday and S* Laurence- 
 day. 
 
 OTHER PLACES OF NOTE IN THIS WARD. 
 
 1. Maller-strang-forrest, belongs to the abovesaid Lady 
 Clifford, &c. 
 
 2. Pendragon-castle antiently belonged to the Barons of 
 Westmoreland, and lately repaired by the said Lady Clif- 
 ford, &c. 
 
 3. Wharton-hall, the seat of the Barons Wharton,^ of 
 whom the first was S"^ Tho. Wharton advanced to that 
 dignity by King Henry viij. 
 
 4. Hartley -castle, ov vsLtht^r Harcla-castle, is a stately house 
 and seat, which hath received many additions by the 
 present owner. This was the chief seat of the antient 
 
 * Sir Thomas Wliarton, created Baron Wharton 36 H. VIII. (1545), was very 
 conspicuous in the Border contests as Lord Warden of the Marches. From him, 
 in the 6th descent, was Philip, created Duke of Wharton in 171S. 
 
 family 
 
22 A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 
 
 family of Harcla, one of which S'" Andrew de Harcla Kn** 
 was by King Edward II. created Earl of Carlisle, who 
 afterwards proving a traytor, was degraded and executed 
 for the same, and this castle, and his whole estate was for- 
 feited to the king for High Treason. This earl bore for his 
 arms, — Argent, a cross gules, in the dexter chief-point a 
 martlet sable. In the reign of King Edward III., S"^ Tho. 
 de Musgrave Kn* bought this castle of Nevile, Baron of 
 Raby, whose issue male have ever since enjoyed it, and is 
 now possessed by S^ Philip Musgrave Bart. 
 
 5. Smardale-hall, a fair old house formerly the seat of 
 the Warcopps, an antient family from whom it came by 
 marriage to the Dalstons of Dalston, in Cumberland, and 
 the present owner thereof is S"^ W^ Dalston Kn* and Bart. 
 
 6. Ashby, a mannor and house so called and parish. 
 This mannor and the advowson of the church belongs to 
 S^ Geo. Fletcher of Hutton in Cumberland Bart. 
 
 7. Staimnoor, a great hill so called from its being very 
 stony. The cross upon the top thereof is said to be erected 
 upon a peace being concluded between William the 
 Conqueror, and Malcolme King of Scotland, which was, 
 that Malcolme should retain Cumberland with the same 
 right that his predecessors did enjoy it, and that the sub- 
 jects of each kingdom might know their limits, and how 
 far they were to pass, a stone cross was erected on Stain- 
 moor, which was called the Ree-Cross, that is, the Cross 
 of Kings, for on the north side thereof the arms of the 
 King of Scotland were engraven, and upon the south the 
 arms of the King of England. 
 
 8. Musgrave, divided into Great and Little Musgrave, 
 two villages which gave name to the noble and antient 
 family of the Musgraves, who have possessed the same 
 ever since the Conquest. Their habitation was here for a 
 
 * Andrew de Harcla (Earl of Carlisle) was Warden of the Marches S Edward 
 II. (1314) ; Sheriff of Cumberland from i to 16 Edward II. : and was executed for 
 high treason iS of that King (1325), and the order for canying the sentence into 
 execution is graphically set forth in Rot. 34, 55 of the Placita of iS Kdward II. 
 
 lone 
 
A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 23 
 
 long time, but when S'' Tho. de Musgrave Knight had 
 bought Harcla-Castle in the reign of King Edward III., 
 he and his heirs then resided there untill the time of King 
 Henry VI., when this family married Stapleton's heir, 
 which match brought them Ednall in Cumberland, where 
 afterwards they sometimes dwelt. I find Adam de Mus- 
 grave lived in the time of King John, Thomas de Musgrave 
 to be one of the executors of Rob' de Vipont, who died 43 
 Henry III., and I presume the same Tho. de Musgrave to 
 be Sheriff of Westmoreland* in the beginning of King 
 Edward I. I also find that Thomas de Musgrave who 
 bought Harcla-castle married Isabell, widow of Robert 
 Lord Clifford, which Robert died 18 Edward III., after 
 which marriage the said S'^ Tho. de Musgrave Kn* was, in 
 the reign of King Edward III. by solemn writs of sum- 
 mons, called to several Parliaments in the rank of a Baron. 
 The present Lord of the Manner of Musgrave is S"^ Philip 
 Musgrave Bart, whose paternal coat is — B. 6 annulets, 3, 2, 
 and 1 or, with a Baronet's addition. He married the 
 daughter of S^ Ric. Hutton Kn', one of the Justices of 
 Common Pleas in the reign of King James I. and King 
 Charles I., by whom he hath issue. 
 
 g. Hellbeck, a lofty seat belonging to the antient family 
 of the Blenkensops, who long since came from Blenken- 
 sop in Northumberland. 
 
 10. Sandford, which gave name to an antient family. It 
 was sold by William, son of Rob' de Sandford unto Robert 
 de Veteripont in King John's time. This family after- 
 wards seated themselves at Askham in this county. 
 
 11. Warcopp, a little town which gave name to an 
 antient family. Here is a good house, which is now the 
 chief seat of the Braithwaits. The present Lord of the 
 Mannor is Ri. Braithwait Esq., whose paternal coat is — 
 Gules, on a chevron argent 3 crosslets fitchee sable, but 
 
 * i.e. Sub-Vicecomes. 
 
 the 
 
24 A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 
 
 the Braithwaits of Ambleside in this county, tho' descended 
 of a younger brother of this family, do give for their paternal 
 arms, — Or, a bugle-horn garnished and furnished sable, 
 which was the coat of the Braithwaits of Braithwait in 
 Yorkshire, from which family they say they are all 
 descended. 
 
 12. Gawthorne, a good house belonging to Allan Belling- 
 ham of Over-Levens in this county Esq. 
 
 13. Burton belongs to the Hiltons, who took their name 
 from 
 
 14. Hilton, now enjoyed by Cyprian Hilton Esq. 
 
 15. Murton, belongs to Robert Hilton Esq^ 
 
 16. Crackenthorp, gave surname to an antient family, now 
 seated at New Biggin in this county. Lancellot Machel 
 Esq. lives here. 
 
 17. Kirkby-TJmer [Kirkby -There]. The hall here with the 
 mannor, hath a long time belonged to the antient family of 
 the Whartons, whose arms were — Sable, a manch argent. 
 It is lately sold to one of the same sirname. 
 
 18. Acorn-bank, a good house and pleasant seat. A 
 great part hath been built by the present owner, John 
 Dalston Esq., and his father, whose paternal arms are the 
 same with the Dalstons of Dalston in Cumberland, with a 
 due difference for being descended from a third brother of 
 the half-blood. 
 
 19. New -Biggin-hall, a fair old house, which hath a long 
 time been the chief seat of the Crackenthorps, and being a 
 family very antient and of good esteem, the present owner 
 of this house and mannor is Ri. Crackenthorp Esq., an 
 infant, who beareth for his arms — Or, a chevron between 3 
 mullets pierced B. All this house is not very antient, for 
 its said that these following verses are cut in freestone over 
 the hall-door, and that the new tower there, was built by 
 Hen. Crackenthorp Esq., who had four wives, and was 
 father of Chr. Crackenthorp Esq. here named : 
 
 Christopher 
 
A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 25 
 
 Christopher Crackenthorp men did me call, 
 
 Who in my time did build this Hall, 
 
 And framed it as you may see 
 
 In one thousand five hundred thirty and three. 
 
 20. How gill-castle, a fair stone building, and hath an 
 excellent prospect over a great part of the countrey. This 
 castle belonged for many descents unto the Lancasters 
 untill the reign of King Henry IV., when S'^ John de Lan- 
 caster had issue only four daughters and co-heirs, who were 
 married to S'" Rob^ de Harrington Kn*, S"" Tho. de Fleming 
 of Coningstone in Lancashire Kn^ S^ Matthew de Whit- 
 field Kn*, and Rob^ de Crackenthorp i^a 6^^ brother of the 
 Crackenthorps of Newbiggin) Esq. ; among whom Howgill- 
 castle, the mannors of Rydall, Loughrigge, and Milburne, 
 and the rest of the said S^ John Lancaster's estate, was not 
 long after divided. The castle came to the Crackenthorps, 
 in whose name it continued some descents, and from them 
 by marriage to the Sandfords. S^ Richard Sandford Bart, 
 is now owner thereof, who beareth the same arms with the 
 Sandfords of Askham in this county, with the addition due 
 to a Baronet. 
 
 West-Ward hath never a market-town therein. 
 
 Other observable places are as followeth, viz. 
 
 1. Thornthwaite was the antientest land belonging to y® 
 Curwens of Workington in Cumberland, it being possessed 
 by that family from the Conquest untill S"^ Hugh de Cur- 
 wen Kn* sold the same unto y® Lord William Howard of 
 Naworth Castle in Cumberland, who gave it to S"^ Francis 
 Howard, his younger son, whose son and heir Francis 
 Howard of Corby Castle in Cumberland, doth now enjoy 
 it. 
 
 2. Rosgil, which antiently belonged to the Salkelds of 
 Corby Castle aforesaid. 
 
 3. Shappe, a great parish, wherein stood the only abbey 
 in this county, called antiently Heppe, and of late years 
 Shappe Abbey, not far of which there is a well or fountain, 
 
 which 
 
 L 
 
26 A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 
 
 which after the manner of Euripus,* ebbeth and floweth 
 many times in a day. Also there are great stones in form 
 of pyramids, some g foot high and 14 foot thick, ranged 
 directly as it were in a row for about a mile in length, in 
 equal distance almost between one another, which seems 
 to be pitched or erected for a memorial of some act 
 atchieved, but what the same was, the injury of time hath 
 lost and quite forgotten. This abbey was founded by 
 Tho., son of Gospatrick, tempore Henry I., in the 20 year 
 of his reign, and he gave much land to the same. He gave 
 also to the abbey of Holme-Cultram in Cumberland several 
 lands in that county. He died 7 Dec. 1152, and was buried 
 in this abbey. From him the Curwens of Workington in 
 Cumberland are descended. 
 
 4. Meahurne; the one called Kings Meaburne, it having 
 heretofore belonged to the King ; and the other called Mauds 
 Meaburne, from its being possessed by Maud de Morvill, 
 mother of Robert de Veteriponte, first Lord of Westmore- 
 land. 
 
 5. Lowther, the name of a parish, mannor, and town, 
 which probably gave name to a river that runneth by the 
 west side thereof, called Lowther, which loseth itself in 
 the river Eamont. Here is a fair church, the patronage of 
 which belongs to the Lord of the mannor. This place 
 hath given sirname to an antient and noble family, who 
 have enjoyed the same ever since the Conquest ; a family 
 very eminent for having had several able lawyers of it, as 
 S^ Hugh de L. Kn*, attorney general in 20 Edward L; 
 Tho de L., a justice itinerant in 4 Edward HL, and next 
 year justice of the King's Bench ; S^ John Lowther KnS 
 one of the late King's Council at York; and S^ John 
 Lowther Bart., his son, the present Lord of the mannor, 
 besides divers others of that family in England and Ireland. 
 Their chief seat hath been all along at this place ; the Hall 
 being a stately building, having two towers, a spacious 
 
 * Hodie, the Channel of Neg^ropont (Greece). 
 
 gallery, 
 
A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 27 
 
 gallery, with noble rooms, and a fine chapel. A great part 
 of this house was built by the present owner and his father. 
 Their paternal coat is — Or, six annulets, 3, 2, i, sable. 
 He S'" John L. married to his first wife Mary, daughter of 
 S"" Richard Fletcher of Hutton in Cumberland Kn^, to his 
 second Eliz. sister of S"" Ralph Hare of Stow Bardolf in 
 Norfolk Baronet, and hath issue by them both. 
 
 6. Askhani, a mannor town and parish, so called, wherein 
 is an antient house called Askham-hall, the habitation of 
 the Sandfords, a family very antient and reputable. They 
 took their sirname from Sandford, a place in this county, 
 William de Sandford purchasing this mannor about Edward 
 III. time. He and his heirs seated themselves here, and 
 have ever since continued. The present owner Tho. Sand- 
 ford Esq"". His coat is — Party per cheveron sable and 
 ermine, 2 boars' heads in chief coupee or. 
 
 7. Strickland, which gave name to an antient family. 
 The hall here did formerly belong to the Fallowfields, from 
 which family it came by marriage to John Dalston of 
 Acornbank Esq., whose son and heir doth now possess the 
 same. Here are two Stricklands, the one called the Great, 
 the other Little Strickland. In the latter Tho. Fletcher 
 Esq. hath a good house and estate, and here liveth Chr. 
 Crackenthorp gent. 
 
 8. Buly-castle, so called from it's being built by or be- 
 longing to John Buly [Builly or Buisli]* whose daughter 
 Idoneawas married to Robert de Veteriponte, i^' Baron of 
 Westmoreland. It doth now belongto the Bishop of Carlisle, 
 enjoyed by S'" Chr. Musgrave as a lessee. 
 
 g. Bolton, a mannor belonging to S'^ Geo. Fletcher of 
 Hutton Bart. 
 
 10. Cliburne, which gave name to an antient family who 
 
 * John de Buisli, son and heir of Richard de Buisli, succeeded as fourth Baron, 
 temp. King- John, and ob. s.p.m. in 1212. The first Baron, Roger de Buisli, living; 
 2 William II., was possessed at Doomsday Survey of various Lordships by g'ift of 
 the Conqueror, in the counties of York, Notts, Derby, Leicester, and Devon. 
 (S.p. 4 antea.) 
 
 had 
 
28 A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 
 
 had a good house therein, which was not long since sold 
 by Tim° Cliburne Esq., and doth now belong to S'^ John 
 Lowther of Lowther Bart. 
 
 11. Clifton, the name of a parish wherein stands Clifton- 
 hall, which for several descents hath belonged to the Wi- 
 berghs, a family of good account, who bears — Sable, 3 bars 
 or, with so many mullets of the second, 2 in chief and i in 
 base ; it's now possessed by S"" John Lowther of L. Bart. 
 
 12. Brougham, the name of a parish, wherein on the 
 banks of the river Eamont and Lowther, near the place of 
 their meeting, is placed Brougham-castle, an antient, 
 strong, and stately building, which hath been possessed by 
 the Viponts and Cliffords, (with a large park near adjoining 
 called Whinfield-Park), as a part of the Barony of West- 
 moreland. This castle received great damage in the time 
 of the late Rebellion, which hath been repaired by the 
 Right Honourable Anne Lady Clifford &c. aforesaid. This 
 parish gave name to an antient family, who for several 
 descents had an estate therein, and who bore for their 
 arms — Gules, a cheveron between 3 lucys hauriant argent. 
 This mannor was lately bought for the use of the Hospital 
 in Appleby; as you may see there is a chapel in this parish 
 called Brougham Chapel, which the said noble lady. Anno 
 dom. 1658, caused to be pulled down (then being ruinous), 
 and to be rebuilt larger and stronger than it was formerly, 
 at her own charge. It was finished in April 1659. She 
 also in 1659 caused this parish-church called Nine-Kirks 
 to be pulled down, and to be rebuilt at her own charge. Mr. 
 James Bird hath lately built a fair house in this parish, 
 which hath a good prospect, at which place he and his 
 ancestors have a long time resided. 
 
 13. Winderwath, a pleasant seat belonging to Ric. Brai- 
 thwaite of Warcopp Esq. 
 
 14. Hornby, a seat belonging to the Birbecks. 
 
 15. Hartshoppe-hall, antiently belonging to the Lancas- 
 ters of Sockbridge, and now to S'' John Lowther of the 
 same Bart. ; near the place are mines of lead. 16 
 
A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 29 
 
 16. Barton, a great parish, and heretofore a Barony, be- 
 longing now to the Lord Dacre. In this parish at the 
 nether end of Ulleswater, is Powley Bridge over the river 
 Eamont. Near the head of that river, where it is so called, 
 it is so named probably from Ea, which in the Saxon 
 signifies water, and Mont from its issuing out of the moun- 
 tains. Not far from hence is Barton school, founded and 
 endowed by D'^ Gerard Langbaine, late Provost of Queen's 
 College in Oxford, in the time of the late Rebellion, when 
 not many in the country, besides the Right Hon'ble the 
 Countess of Pembroke and himself, were so charitably dis- 
 posed. Here near the church is the chief seat of M"" Will"^ 
 Dawes, whose father D"" Lancellot Dawes, formerly vicar 
 here, left a good estate. 
 
 17. Sockbridge, a good old house, placed upon the east 
 bank of the river Eamont, which of late hath been much 
 beautified and amended by the present owner thereof. This 
 place was a long time belonging to the Lancasters, a 
 family once of great note in this county,^ from whom it 
 came by marriage unto S^ Christopher Lowther Bart., 
 younger brother of S'' John Lowther, now of Lowther, 
 Bart., whose son and heir doth now enjoy it. The Lan- 
 casters that lived here, did bear for their paternal coat of 
 arms, Argent. 2 bars gules, on a canton of the 2"^, a mullet 
 or,t and S^" John Lowther Bart., the present Lord of the 
 Mannor, doth bear the same arms with the Lowthers of 
 Lowther,* with a difference of being descended from a 
 second brother with the addition of a Baronett. He 
 married Jane daughter of Wooley Ley Esq. and hath issue. 
 
 * It is worthy of note to remark on the various estates which Sir John Low- 
 ther (afterwards Viscount Lonsdale), seems to have bought up about this date, be- 
 longing- to families of position, but fallen into poverty ; amongst others, Biggins 
 from the Prestons of Holker; iMurton from the Hiltons; Yanwath-Hall from the 
 Dudleysin 1654; Hartsop, once the seat of the Lancasters j Clifton frt)m theWibergs; 
 Cliburne from Timothy Cliburne Esqr.; and Grayrigg-hall about iCSufrom Anthony 
 Duckett, the last heir male of that family, who ruined himself by litigation. 
 
 t The arms of the Lancasters, Barons of Kendal, whence these Lancasters 
 derived, were : Argent, two bars gules, on a canton of the last a lion passant 
 guardant or. 
 
 18. 
 
30 A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 
 
 1 8. Yanewath-hall, so called from a ford or wath, probably 
 over Eamont. It's a good house with a fair tower, scituate 
 about a mile below Sockbridge-hall on the east bank of the 
 same river, and once belonging to the Lancasters of How- 
 gill-castle and Rydall, from whom it came to the Threlkelds, 
 whose arms were — Argent, a manch gules; and from them 
 by marriage to the Dudleys, in which noble family it con- 
 tinued many descents, untill Christopher Dudley Esq., 
 having no issue nor heir male, about the year 1654, sold his 
 estate in this county to Sr John Lowther of Lowther Bart., 
 reserving the same to him the said Christ° Dudley and 
 Agnes, his then wife, for their lives, and the longer liver of 
 them. It's now enjoyed by the said Agnes Dudley, whose 
 husband's arms were — Or, a lion rampant double queue 
 vert, with a crescent for difference. 
 
 ig. Maburgh. a Roman fort, now quite ruin'd, many of 
 the stones thereof being taken away in the reign of Henry 
 VI., for the repair of Penrith-castle in Cumberland. It's 
 placed a little below Yanewath, and above 
 
 20. Eamont-hridge, a Httle town so called from a fair 
 stone-bridge over the Eamont. 
 
 21. Round Table, a Roman work scituate by the high- 
 way-side, leading between Eamont-bridge and Lowther- 
 bridge, which is a round trench of earth with a way in and 
 another out of the same. The country people here do think 
 it to have been so called from King Arthur's Round Table 
 
 THE MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, LAKES OR MERES 
 IN WESTMORELAND. 
 
 Mountains. 
 
 A ridge of high hills, which run from Yorkshire by Gray- 
 rigge-Hawse, Crookdale-Hawse, Longsleddale, Kentmere, 
 Troutbecke, Ambleside, Rydale, Gresmere,Dunmaile-Raise, 
 and Wythburne in Cumberland, and which mountains do 
 divide the Barony of Kendal from the bottom of West- 
 moreland; 
 
A DESCRIPTION OF WESTMORELAND. 3I 
 
 moreland ; through which Fells there are but three common 
 roads, and they are none of the best, viz. — by Grayrigge- 
 Hawse, Crookdale-Hawse, and over Kirkstone near Amble- 
 side. Here are another ridge of hills from Hucat Mor- 
 vill-hill by Holemill-Cross, the Spittle on Stainmoor, the 
 back of Hellbeck, Murton-Pike, and Howgill-castle, unto 
 Blencarne, Kirkland, and Skirwith-Fells in Cumberland. 
 
 Rivers. 
 Brathey, which divides this county from Lancashire; 
 Routha, which runs from Gresmere by Rydall and Amble- 
 side; Winster, which also divides Westmoreland from 
 Lancashire; Spur; Kent, which runs by Kendall; Bur- 
 beck ; Lon, which passeth by Kirkby-Lonsdale ; Eden, 
 which taketh its course by Appleby ; Lowther, which 
 runneth between Lowther and Askham ; and Eamont, 
 which divides this county from Cumberland. 
 
 Lakes or Meres. 
 
 Windermere or Winander-mere, the greatest standing- 
 water in England; Rydall-water; Elter-water; Gresmere- 
 water; Kentmere ; Ulleswater, which parts Westmore- 
 land and Cumberland; Brother- water, near Hartshope- 
 hall; Hawse-water, a little above Thornthwait. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 PERSONS, PLACES, &c. 
 
 [N.B. — The letter " /i" after the page refers to editorial note.] 
 
 Abbey (Holme-Cultram — )(Cumb) 
 26. 
 
 (Shap— [Heppe]), 25, 26. 
 
 Abellaba, ig.''' 
 
 Acornbank (near Appleby), 24. 
 
 Airay (D'"), 10. 
 
 Allan, g. 
 
 Alnwick (Siege of — in 1174), 20. 
 
 Ambleside, 11 (bis), 16 {bis), 18, 23, 
 
 30, 31- 
 
 Amboglana (Amboglanna), 11. f 
 
 Amounderness (Lane), 3, 3;^. 
 
 Annandale (Dumfr.), lyn. 
 
 Antoninus (Emperor), 18. 
 
 Appleby, 6, ig, 20, 21, 31. 
 
 (Hospital, Almshouses at 
 
 — ), 20, 28. 
 
 (Church, Schoolhouse, Town- 
 Hall), ig, 20, 21. 
 
 Appleby-Castle, 20. 
 
 (Constable of — ), 20. 
 
 Appleby (Corporation of — ), 20. 
 
 (Burgess for — in Pari*), 21. 
 
 Appleby-shire, ig. 
 Arms of Bellingham (of Levens), 
 12. 
 
 Bellingham(of Burneshead), 
 
 13- 
 
 Braithwaite(of do.),] 1,14,23. 
 
 Braithwait (of Braithwait), 
 
 24. 
 
 Brougham, 18. 
 
 Clifford, 4. 
 
 Crackenthorpe, 24. 
 
 Dalston, 24. 
 
 Duckett (or Duket), 14. 
 
 Dudley, 30. 
 
 Fleming, 15, 17. 
 
 Gilpin, 16. 
 
 Harcla (E. of Carlisle), 22. 
 
 Harrington, 15. 
 
 King of England, 22. 
 
 King of Scotland, 22. 
 
 Kirkby, 15. 
 
 Leyburn (or Leyborne), 12. 
 
 Lowther, 26, 2g. 
 
 * It seems very questionable whether Ahallaha of the Romans, (a station ac- 
 cording to the"Notitia" Imperii [cap. 63] on the Wall of Severus), can be 
 applied to Appleby. According- to Horsly, (p. 365 Brittannia Romana), the 
 Calatum of Ptolemy's Geography was the present Applebij, whilst the site of 
 Ahallaha, which the " Notitia" Imperii states to have been on the line of the above 
 Wall (per lineam valli), has been by consent of antiquaries assigned to TJ'atch- 
 Cross, near Brampton, in the N.E. of Northumberland, where a detachment 
 of Moorish soldiers was stationed, as given more fully in the note opposite. 
 
 t According to the "Notitia" of the Roman Empire [Sec. 63] the station 
 called Dicti, has been assigned as the site of the present ^w?Z'/e5»/c, a party of the 
 " Nervii Dictenses" being there quartered. The entry runs thus: — ^' Prcefectus 
 numeri Nerviorum Dictensium Dicti." The same authority places Amhnglana on 
 the line of Severus' Wall at the present 5w?-(/ .i,v!/'tt/f/ near Lanercost, where the first 
 Cohort of the Dacians, surnamed ^lian, were stationed with their tribune or 
 leader: — "Tribunus Cohortis primse i^lise Dacorum Amboglanna." (Cf. Henry 
 History of Great Britain, vols. I and II.) 
 
 Middleton, 
 
 I 
 
INDEX OF PERSONS, PLACES, &C. 
 
 33 
 
 Middleton, 5. 
 
 Musgrave, 23. 
 
 Pennington, 15. 
 
 Philipson, 13, 16. 
 
 Preston, 15. 
 
 Sandford, 25, 27. 
 
 Strickland, 12. 
 
 Thornborough, 14, 15. 
 
 Threlkeld, 29. 
 
 Urswick, 15. 
 
 Warcop, 23. 
 
 Wharton, 24. 
 
 Wibergh, 28. 
 
 Windsor (or Wyndesore), 14, 
 
 14;/. 
 Ashby (Asby), 22. 
 Askham, 23, 25, 27 {bis), 31. 
 Ashton (of Middleton), 13. 
 
 (Catherine), 13. 
 
 Attorney-General (t, Edw. I.), 26. 
 Aurelian Maures,''' 19. 
 
 Baron (of Kendal), 3. 
 
 (of Westmoreland), 26, 27. 
 
 (of Raby), 22. 
 
 Barony (of Appleby), 411. 
 
 (of Kendal), 2, 3 {bis),^n (bis), 
 
 lyn, 30. 
 
 (of Westmoreland), 4, 4«. 
 
 Barlow (D^' Thomas) (Provost of 
 
 Queen's Coll., Oxf.), 19. 
 
 Barton, 29. 
 Barton School, 29. 
 Barwick (D"" John — ), 13. 
 Battle-Place (Kendal), 9. 
 Beaufort (John — , Earl of Kendal 
 
 and Duke of Somerset)(i443), 8. 
 Bedford (John Plantagenet, Duke 
 
 of—, 1414), 8. 
 Bellingham in Tindale, 13. 
 Bellingham (Richard de — ), 13. 
 (Margaret de — t. Hen. IV.), 
 
 13- 
 
 (SirRoger — ofBurneshead), 
 
 6 (bis), 13. 
 
 (Sir Robert — of Burnside), 
 
 13 (bis); (Arms of — ), 13. 
 
 Dorothy (Duckett), 13. 
 
 Thomasine (Thornborough), 
 
 13- 
 Catherine (Ashton), 13. 
 
 Elizabeth (Hotton), 13. 
 
 Bellingham(ofOver-Levens),6,i2. 
 Bellingham (Allan — of Over- 
 
 Levens), 6, 12 (bis), 24; (Arms 
 
 of-—), 12. 
 Bellingham Quire, (in Kendal 
 
 Church), 6. 
 Bellingham Evidences, 13;?. 
 Bellingham (of Burnside), 12; 
 
 (Arms of — ), 13. 
 Betham-Hall, 11. 
 
 * These were the Moors, termed Aurelian, quartered at the station Aballaha on 
 the Wall of Severus, and probably sent into Britain by Marcus Aurelius. The 
 entry in the " Notitia," (Cap. 63), (a record of all that concerned the provinces of 
 the Roman Empire, and compiled whilst the Romans held Britain), thus alludes to 
 them, and the commander of the detachment: - " Prcefectus numeri Maurorum 
 Aurelianorum Aballaba." The Moors formed one of those "Auxiliary Cohorts," 
 or troops which acted in conjunction with the actual Legions^ and are supposed to 
 have been attached to the 2nd and 6th Roman Legions. According to the above 
 " Notitia," a detachment of them was constantly stationed at Aballaba along 
 the Wall of Severus for its defence, but Watch-Cross in Northumberland, is 
 the present site assigned to this station. It was one of the wise measures of 
 policy on the part of the Romans, to station troops raised in their distant provinces 
 in equally remote parts of their Empire. Thus the troops raised or recruited in 
 Britain were sent far away from their own country, and Dalmatians, Thracians, 
 Spaniards, and others, and as we here see, the Moorish levies were brought to 
 Britain for its protection. The Moors of that time were doubtless formidable soldiers 
 and expert archers, and it happens on the authority of Horace, that we can state 
 somewhat safely as to their general armament: — Integer vitae, scelerisque purus, 
 
 Non eget Mauri jaculis neque arcu. 
 Nee veuenatis gravida sagittis. 
 Fusee, pharetra; — Hor. Carm. I. 
 xxii, 2. 
 
 Biggins, 
 
34 
 
 INDEX OF PERSONS, PLACES, &C. 
 
 Biggins, 5, 2911. 
 Birbeck (family), 28. 
 Birbeck (Burbeck), (stream run- 
 ning from Shap Fells), 31. 
 Bird (James), 28. 
 Birkett (Stephen), 9. 
 Blencarn Fell (Cumb.), 31. 
 Blenkensop (Blenkinsop) family, 
 
 23- 
 Blenkensop (North.), 23. 
 Bolton, 27. 
 Border Service, 4. 
 
 Contests, 2in. 
 
 Bourchier (Henry — , E. of 
 
 Essex), 3. 
 Bradley(Roger — ,ofCunswick),i3. 
 Braithvvait (York), 24. 
 Braithwaite family, 11, 23. 
 (Thomas — , of Ambleside), 
 
 II, 24; (Arms of — ), 11, 24. 
 (Richard — , of Warcop), 11, 
 
 14, 23, 28 ; (Arms of — ), 23. 
 (Rich'^ — , of Burneshead), 
 
 14; (Arms of — ), 14. 
 (of Braithwait), 24 ; (Arms 
 
 of—), 24. 
 
 (Thomas — ), 9. 
 
 Brampton's Chronicle, 19. 
 
 Brathay(Brathey)river,i6(6/s),3i. 
 
 Brigantes, i. 
 
 Brigsteer, 3. 
 
 Brother- Water, 31. 
 
 Brough Castle, 19/'' 
 
 Brough-under-Stainmore, 18. 
 
 Brougham, 28. 
 
 Brougham family,28; (Arms of— ), 
 
 28. 
 Brougham-Chapel, 28. 
 Brougham-manor, 20. 
 Broughton family, 13. 
 Brownsword (W™), 8. 
 Brus (or Bruis) (Peter de — , of 
 
 Skelton, 3, 9, lyn. 
 
 (Margaret de — ), 3, 17, lyn. 
 
 Buckhurst (Lord), ign. 
 
 Builly (John de — ), 4, S. Buisli. 
 
 (Idonea de — ), 4. 
 
 Buisli (Roger de — , t. Conq.), 2yn. 
 
 (Richard de — ), 2jn. 
 
 (John de — , t. K.John), 4, 27, 
 
 2yn. 
 
 (Idonea de — ), 4, 27, 27;/. 
 
 Buisli-Castle, 27. 
 
 Buly, S. Buisli. 
 
 Burgh, S. Brough. 
 
 Burgi, 19. 
 
 Burneshead (Burnshead or Burn- 
 side), 6, 13. 
 
 Burneshead (Gilbert de — ), 13. 
 
 (Margaret de— ,t.H.IV.), 13. 
 
 Burneshead family, 13 ; (Arms 
 of—), 13- 
 
 Burnside, 6, 13. 
 
 Burton (in the East Ward), 23. 
 
 Burton-in-Kendal, 2, 4. 
 
 Burton-in-Lonsdale, 5. 
 
 Calgarth, 13, 15. 
 
 Camden (antiquary) (ob. 1623), 11 
 
 {bis). 
 Carlisle (Andrew de Harcla, E. 
 
 of — ), 22, 2211 ; (Arms of — ), 22. 
 Carlisle (Diocese of — ), 2. 
 
 (Earldom of — ), 4«. 
 
 (Edw. Rainbow, 43'^ Bishop 
 
 of — ) (1671), 27. 
 Carus (Judge — , t. Eliz.), 5. 
 
 (Thomas), 5. 
 
 Case (fish), 16. 
 
 Chapel of Our Lady, (in Kendal 
 
 Church), 6. 
 Chapel of Ease, (subsidiary to 
 
 Kendal Church), 6. 
 Char (fish), 15, 16. 
 Charles IL (King), 8. 
 Chester (Ranulph, Earl of — ),4«. 
 (John Wilkins, 14.^^^ Bishop 
 
 of—), 13- 
 
 (Diocese of — ), 2. 
 
 Christmas (feast of), 19. 
 Cliburn, 28, 29//. 
 Cliburne (Tim>'), 28, 29;?. 
 Clifford family, 4, 28. 
 
 Cliff'ord (Robert de — ) (7^^' Baron), 
 19. 23. 
 
 * See the word " Directores," postea. 
 
 (Isabell 
 
INDEX OF PERSONS, PLACES, &C. 
 
 35 
 
 (Isabell de — ,renupta Thorn. 
 
 de Musgrave), 23. 
 
 (Roger, Lord— ,[9'^^ Baron]), 
 
 18. 
 
 (Henry, Lord — , [ist^Baron]) 
 
 (created E. of Cumberland), 19. 
 
 (SirThomas — ofBurnside), 
 
 13- 
 
 (Lady Anne — ) (Dow^" Coun- 
 tess of Dorset &c.), 4, ig, 19;?, 
 20, 21 (bis), 28 {bis). 
 
 Clifton, 28, 29/2 ; (Arms of — ), 28. 
 Clonfert (Bishop of — ), 7, jn. 
 Cockermouth (Cumb.), 18. 
 Collinson (Wm), 9. 
 Coniston (lake), 15. 
 Coniston (Lane), 17, 25. 
 Conqueror (W'" The), 2, 22. 
 Conquest (The), 22, 25, 26. 
 Constablewick, 3, 4. 
 Corby Castle (Cumb.), 25 {bis). 
 Cordwainers' Co>' (Kendal), 9. 
 Crackenthorpe family, 24 {bis). 
 Crackenthorpe, 24 {bis). 
 
 (Rd — , of Newbiggin 1671), 
 
 24; (Arms of — ), 24. 
 (Henry — ), 24. 
 
 (Christ"^), 24, 25. 
 
 (Robert de — ), 25. 
 
 (Christ^- — of Strickland, 
 
 1671), 27. 
 Crook Hall, 13, 16. 
 Crookdale-Hawse, 2, 30, 31. 
 Cumberland, i, 2, 2W, 3«, 18, 22, 24, 
 
 27, 30,31- 
 
 (Pipe Rolls of — ), 2n. 
 
 (Early History of — ), 2n. 
 
 (King of — ), 18. 
 
 (Sheriff of — ), 22;^. 
 
 Cumberland (George, 3^ E. of — ), 
 
 4, 19;^ 
 
 Cunswick, 13. 
 
 Curwen (The — family of Work- 
 ington), 211, 5, 25, 26. 
 
 Curwen (Hugh de — ), 25. 
 
 Dallam Tower, 11. 
 
 Dacre (Lord — , of Gilsland), 29. 
 Dalston (Cumb.), 22. 
 Dalston of Dalston, 22, 24. 
 
 (Sir W'"), 22. 
 
 (John — of Acornbank, 1671), 
 
 24 ; (Arms of — ), 24. 
 
 (John — of Acornbank), 27. 
 
 Davenport (Catherine — ). 13. 
 Dawes (W" — , of Barton), 29. 
 
 (D^" Lancelot — ), 29. 
 
 Dawson(Rob' — , BPof Clonfert),7. 
 Derby (Charles Stanley, 8^^ Earl 
 
 of—), II. 
 Directores (Roman), i8.''' 
 Dissolution of Monasteries, 15. 
 Doomsday Survey, 3«, 4«, 27^. 
 Dorset(Richard Sackville, 3** Earl 
 
 of—), 4, ign. 
 (Dow^' Countess of — , and 
 
 Montgomery), 4, ign. 
 Duchetiana, 2n, 3«, lyii. 
 Ducket (or Duket) family, 14 {bis). 
 Ducket(orDuket)(John — ,ofGray- 
 
 rigg) (t. R. ID, 14. 
 (Anthony — , oi Grayrigg, t. 
 
 Charles 11,), 11, 14, 2gn ; (Arms 
 
 of—), 14. 
 
 (Anthony — , of Grayrigg, t. 
 
 Hen. VHL), 13. 
 
 (Dorothy [Bellingham]), 13. 
 
 (Richard — of Gilthwaite- 
 
 rigge, 1671), 14. 
 
 Dudley family, 29//, 30. 
 Dudley (Christ^' — , 1654), 29^, 30 
 {bis) ; (Arms of — ), 30. 
 
 (Agnes — ), 30 {bis). 
 
 Duket, S. Ducket. 
 
 Duket (Hugh — , t. Edw. HL), 14. 
 (Richard — , t. Edw. III. & 
 
 Edw. n.), 14. 
 
 (VV^ t. H. HL & E. L), 14. 
 
 (Richard — of Fillingham, 
 
 justice itinerant, t. K. John & 
 
 H. LU.), 14. 
 Dunmail(King ofCumberland),i8. 
 Dunmail-Raise, 18, 30. 
 Durham (Bishoprick of — ), i, 2. 
 
 * The "Notitia" Imperii (at Sec. 63) has this entry in confirmation of the 
 above : — " Prsefectus numeri Directoriim Verteris." 
 
 (Pipe 
 
36 
 
 INDEX OF PERSONS, PLACES, &C., 
 
 (Pipe Rolls of—), 211. 
 
 (Prebendary of — ), 20. 
 
 Eamont Bridge, 30 (bis), 
 Eamont (river), 26, 28, 29 {bis), 30 
 (bis), 31. 
 
 (derivation of the name), 29. 
 
 Eathred(KingofNorthumbria),i3. 
 Eden (river), 19, 31. 
 
 Eden Hall (Cumb.), 23. 
 Edward I. (King), 15, 17 (bis), 26. 
 
 II. (King), 22, 22n. 
 
 III. (King), 18, 19, 21, 22, 23 
 
 (bis), 26. 
 
 VI. (King), 3, 10. 
 
 Elfwold (King), 15. 
 
 Elizabeth (Queen), 10. 
 
 Elterwater, 17, 31. 
 
 Essex (Earl of — ), 3. 
 
 Ethelred, 2, 2n. 
 
 Euripus, 26, 26n. 
 
 Ewecross (Wapentake of — ), 3W. 
 
 Fairfield (on Rydal Head), 17. 
 Fallowfield of Strickland, 27. 
 Fee-farm rent, 20. 
 Fells (of Westmoreland), 30. 
 Fillingham (Line), 14. 
 Fisher (Thos.), 9. 
 Fitzwilliam (of Burnside), 14. 
 Fleming Thomas le — , of Conis- 
 
 ton), 17, 25. 
 
 (George), 10. 
 
 (Sir Daniel — , of Rydal), i, 
 
 m, 17; (Arms of — ), 17. 
 Fleming (Arms of — in Furness 
 
 Abbey), 15 {bis). 
 Fletcher (Tho« — , of Little Strick- 
 land), 27. 
 (Sir George — , of Hutton), 
 
 22, 27. 
 (Sir Richard — , of Hutton), 
 
 27. 
 
 (Mary — ), 27. 
 
 Foix (John de — , Earl of Kendal, 
 
 24 H. VI., 1446), 8. 
 Free-chase, 17. 
 Furness Abbey, 15. 
 
 Gathorne, 24. 
 
 Garthorne (Gawthorne), 24. 
 Gilbert (son of Ketell), 3. 
 Gilpin (family), 16. 
 Gilpin (Chrisf^ — , of Kentmere ), 
 
 16 ; (Arms of — ), 16. 
 
 (Rd _, t. K. John), 16. 
 
 Gilthwaiterigge, 14. 
 Glovers' Co>' (Kendal), 9. 
 Gospatrick (Thomas, son of — )(t. 
 
 H. L), 26. 
 Grayrigg (manor of — ), 14. 
 Grayrigg-Hall, 13, 14, 2gn. 
 Grayrigg-Hawse, 2, 30, 31. 
 Grasmere(Gresmer, Grass-meer), 
 
 30,31- 
 Grasmere-water, 17, 31. 
 Grasmere-church, 18. 
 Guy, (Wm), 9. 
 
 Hallingwell-Hall, 16. 
 
 Hamlake(orHelmsley)(York),i7;/. 
 
 Hampsfield (or Hamsfeld)(Lanc.) 
 14. 
 
 Hare (Sir Ralph — ,of Stow Bar- 
 dolph), 27. 
 
 Harcla family, 22. 
 
 Harcla-Castle, 21, 23 {bis). 
 
 Harcla (Andrew de — , E. of Car- 
 lisle), 22, 22n; (Arms of — ), 22. 
 
 Hartley (or Harcla) Castle, 21. 
 
 Harrington (Arms of — , in Fur- 
 ness Abbey), 15. 
 
 Harrington (Rob* de — ), 25. 
 
 Hartsop-Hall, 28, 297/, 31. 
 
 Hawswater, 31. 
 
 Haycastle (Kendal), 9. 
 
 Helbeck, S. Hilbeck. 
 
 Henry I. (King), 26. 
 
 II. (King), 3, 20. 
 
 III. (King), 12, 23. 
 
 IV. (King), 8, 17, 25. 
 
 V. (King), 8. 
 
 VI. (Kmg), 8 {bis), 12, 22, 23, 
 
 30. 
 
 VIII. (Kmg), 3,7,9, 15, 19, 21. 
 
 Heppe [Shap], 25. 
 
 Heversham, 14^. 
 
 Heversham Hall, 12. 
 
 Hilbeck (Helbeck), 23, 31. 
 
 Hilton family, 24, 2gn. 
 
 Hilton 
 
INDEX OF PERSONS, PLACES, &C. 
 
 Z1 
 
 Hilton (Cyprian — ), 24. 
 
 (Robert — of Murton), 24. 
 
 Hilton of Murton, 29». 
 Holemill-Cross, 31. 
 
 Holker (Lane), 5 {his), 12, 29;:. 
 Holme-Cultram Abbey(Cumb.),26 
 Hornby Hall, 28. 
 Hospital (near Kendal), S. vSpittle. 
 
 (on Stainmore), S. Spittle. 
 
 Howard(Lord W"^— ,of Naworth), 
 
 25- 
 (Sir Francis — ), 25. 
 
 (Francis — , of Corby Castle 
 
 & Thornthwaite), 25. 
 
 How Hill (Castle — ), g. 
 Howgill-castle, 17,25 {his), 30,31. 
 Hugh-Seat-Morvill Hill, 31. 
 Hutton (Cumb,), 22, 27 {his). 
 Hutton (Sir R* — , t. Jas. I. &Ch. 
 I.)(Justice ofCommonPleas),23. 
 
 (Elizabeth), 13. 
 
 Hutton-John (Cumb.), 13. 
 
 Jackson (Thos.), g. 
 
 (Rd), 20. 
 
 (James), 10. 
 
 James I. (King), 4, g, 
 Jefferson (John), g. 
 John (King), 4, 20 (6/s), 23 {his). 
 Justice Itinerant (t. Edw.III.), 26. 
 
 Kendal, 6, 18, 20, 31. 
 
 Kendal Barony, 2, 3, 3», 17;^, 30. 
 
 Kendal Church (Holy Trinity), 6. 
 
 Kendal Ward, 3, 5. 
 
 Kendal (Baron of — ), 3, 8, g, 16, 
 
 17, 2g;2. 
 
 (Lords of — ), 17;/. 
 
 (Earls of—), 8. 
 
 (CharlesStuart,Dukeof — ),8. 
 
 Kendal (Recorder of — ), g. 
 
 Kent (river), 6, 11, 12 (6/s), 31. 
 
 Kentmere, 6, 16, 30, 31. 
 
 Kent-Sands, 6. 
 
 Keswick (Cumb.), 18. 
 
 Ketell, 3. 
 
 Killaloe (Bishop of — ), 7;?. 
 
 King's Meaburn, 26. 
 
 Kirkby (Arms of — , in Furness- j 
 
 abbey), 15. ' 
 
 Kirkby in Kendale, 6. 
 Kirkby-Lonsdale, 5, 31. 
 Kirkby-Stephen, 18 [his). 
 Kirkby-Thore, 24. 
 Kirkland Fell (Cumb.), 31. 
 Kirkstone (near Ambleside), 2,31. 
 
 Lancashire, i {his), 211, 3/?, 5, 14, 
 
 i5> 16, 30, 31. 
 Lancaster family, 3, 28, 2g. 
 Lancaster Evidences, 3/?, ijn. 
 Lancaster (William de — ) (Baron 
 
 of Kendal), 3, 3 «, g, 17, 2g«; 
 
 (Arms of — ), 2g;/. 
 
 (Wni de — ) (the 2^), 3. 
 
 (Wm de— )(the z^),z, 17, i7«. 
 
 (Helwise de — ), 3, ijn. 
 
 Lancaster (Roger de — ), 17 {bis). 
 (Johnde— ,t.H.IV.),25(6/s). 
 
 (Isabel de — ), 17, 25. 
 
 Lancaster (of Howgill-castle and 
 
 Rydal), 25, 2g, 30. 
 (of Sockbridge), 28, 2g ; 
 
 (Arms of — ), 2g. 
 Langbaine (D^' Gerard — , Provost 
 
 of Queen's Col., Oxf.), 2g. 
 Langton (D'^ Rob*), ig. 
 Leighton, 5. 
 Levens (Over — ), 6, 7, 12, 23, 24. 
 
 (Nether — ), 12. 
 
 Ley (Wooley — ), 2g. 
 
 Leyburn (Leyborne or Leybourn) 
 
 (Thos — ofWitherslack), 12, 13; 
 
 (Arms of — ), 12. 
 (Thos. — of Skelsmergh), 14. 
 
 (of Cunswick), 13. 
 
 Lon (or Lune) (river), 5,31. 
 Loncaster (or Lancaster), 5. 
 London, 20. 
 
 Long Sleddale, 30. 
 Longueville (Earl of — ), 8. 
 Lonsdale, 5. 
 
 (Earl of — , Viscount — ), 5;/, 
 
 2g». 
 Lonsdale (Kirkby — ), 5. 
 Lonsdale — Ward, 3, 4. 
 Loughrigg- Manor, 17, 25. 
 Loughrigg-Tarn, 17. 
 Lowther, 26, 31. 
 Lowther (river), 26, 28, 31. 
 
 Lowther 
 
38 
 
 INDEX OF PERSONS, PLACES, &C. 
 
 Lowther Hall, 26. 
 
 Lowther Bridge, 30. 
 
 Lowther (Hugh de — , t. Edw. I.), 
 
 26. 
 
 (Thos.de— ,t. Edw. nL\26. 
 
 (Sir John — , t. C. I.), 26. 
 
 (Sirjohn — of Lowther,i67i), 
 
 (created Vise* Lonsdale), 5 (bis), 
 
 5», 12, 19, 26 (bis), 27 (bis), 28 
 
 (bis), 29 (bis), 2gn, 30 ; (Arms of 
 
 — ), 27. 
 Lowther (Sir Christopher — , of 
 
 Sockbridge), 29. 
 (Sir John — , of Sockbridge 
 
 (and Whitehaven), 29. 
 Lowther (Mary), 26. 
 
 (Elizabeth), 26. 
 
 Lyndsey (W"' de — ), 3. 
 
 Maburgh, 30. S. Maybrough. 
 Machel (of Kendal and Burnside), 
 
 14. 
 (Lancellot — , of Cracken- 
 
 thorpe), 24. 
 Malcolm (King of Scotland), 22. 
 Mallerstang, 21. 
 Manor (The) (Lane), 12. 
 Marches (Lord Warden of the — ), 
 
 21 n (bis). 
 Maud's Meaburn, 26. 
 Maybrough Castle, 30. 
 Meaburn (King's — ), 26. 
 
 (Maud's), 26. 
 
 Mercers' Company (Kendal), 9. 
 Meres (or Lakes), m, 31. 
 Middleton family, 5. 
 Middleton-Hall, 5. 
 Middleton (Sir George — ), 5. 
 
 (John — ), 5. 
 
 Middleton(Arms of — ,in Furness- 
 
 abbey), 15. 
 Milbourne, 25. 
 Milnthorpe, 11 [bis). 
 Morville (Maud de — , t. H. H.) 
 
 (sister of Hugh de Morville), 26. 
 Murton, 24, 2gn. 
 Murton-Pike, 31. 
 Musgrave(Great andLittle),22,23. 
 Musgrave family, 22. 
 
 Musgrave (Adam de — ,t. K.John), 
 
 23- 
 
 (Tho^de— ,t.H.nL),23(6^s). 
 
 (Tho^de— ,t. E.nL),22(&/s), 
 
 23 ; (summoned to Pari* 24&47 
 Edw. ni. as Baron Musgrave). 
 
 (Sir Philip —, t. Charles IL), 
 
 22, 23; (Arms of — ), 23. 
 
 (Sir Christ^" — 1671), 27. 
 
 Naworth-Castle (Cumb.), 25. 
 
 Negropont (Channel of — in 
 Greece), 2671. 
 
 Nether-Levens, 12. 
 
 Nevill (Ralph de — ) (6*^^ Lord of 
 Raby), 22. 
 
 Nevison (Edw.), 21. 
 
 Newbiggin, 24. 
 
 Newborough (W"^ of — ), zo,2on. 
 
 Newbury (William of — ), 20, 2011. 
 
 Niccols (Sir Augustine), 7. 
 
 Nicholas(St) lands (near Applebj'), 
 21. 
 
 Nine-Kirks, 28. 
 
 Northampton(WilliamParr, Mar- 
 quis of—), 3, 9. 
 
 Northumberland, 15. 
 
 Oratory (at Levens and Preston), 
 
 12. 
 Orton, 18. 
 Over-Levens, 12, 24. 
 
 Park (John — ), 9. 
 
 (Henry — ), 10. 
 
 Parr family, lyn. 
 
 Parr (Sir Thomas — ), 7. 
 
 (Queen Katherine), 9. 
 
 (SirWilpii — of Kendal),3,9. 
 
 (Lord — of Kendal), 3, 7, 9 ; 
 
 (Quire of — in Kendal-church),7. 
 
 (Anne — ), 3. 
 
 Pembroke (Countess of — ), 4, 19/1, 
 
 28, 29. 
 (Philip Herbert,4t5i Earl of— 
 
 [i^* E. of Montgomery]), igii. 
 Pendragon-Castle, 21. 
 Pennington (Arms of — , in Fur- 
 
 ness-Abbey, 15. 
 Penrith-Castle (Cumb.), 30. 
 
 Pewterers' 
 
INDEX OF PERSONS, PLACES, &C. 
 
 39 
 
 Pewterers' Co^ (Kendal), 9. 
 Philip and Mary, 10. 
 Philipson family, 15. 
 Philipsonof Calgarth, 13 ; (Arms 
 
 of—), 13- 
 (Christ^' — , of Crooke Hall), 
 
 13, 16; (Arms of — ), 13. 
 (Robi — , of Calgarth, 1671), 
 
 16 {bis) ; (Arms of — ), 16. 
 Plantagenet (John — , Duke of 
 
 Bedford and Earl of Kendal, 
 
 Pooley Bridge, 29. 
 
 Potter (D^' Barnabas — , Bishop 
 
 of Carlisle) (ob. 1641), 9. 
 (!>■ Chrisf^ — , Provost of 
 
 Queen's Coll., Oxf.), 9- 
 
 (W™), 9. 
 
 Prebendary (of Durham), 20. 
 Preston family, ${bis), 2gn ; (Arms 
 
 of — in Furness Abbey), 15. 
 Preston (of The Manor and Hol- 
 
 ker. Lane), 12, 2gn. 
 Preston (Sir Richard de — , t. H. 
 
 III.), 12. 
 (Sir Thomas — , of Holker, 
 
 1671), 12. 
 
 (Richard — ), 12. 
 
 (Jacobina), 12. 
 
 Preston Hall, 12. 
 
 Princely-Hole, 20. 
 
 Provost (of Queen's College, Oxf.), 
 
 19, 29. 
 Provost or Bailiff, 20. 
 
 Queen's College, Oxford, 9, 10, 19, 
 29. 
 
 — (Provost of — ), 19, 29. 
 
 Raby (Nevill, Lord of — ), 22. 
 Rawlinson (W"^ — , of Gilthwaite- 
 
 rigge, 1671), 14. 
 Rawlinson MSS.(inBodleianLib-) 
 
 m. 
 Rebellion (The Great — t. C. L), 
 
 II, 28, 29. 
 
 — (The Irish), 7. 
 Ree-Cross (Rere-Cross, Rear- 
 cross, or Roycross [King's 
 cross]) (on Stainmore), 22. 
 
 Reinfrid (Gilbert Fitz— ), 3. 
 
 (Roger Fitz — ), 3. 
 
 Restoration(The — of Charles II.), 
 
 5. 
 Ribble (river), 3;/. 
 Richard II. (King), 14, 15. 
 Richmond (Archdeacon of — ), 12. 
 Riddell(Francis of — Cheeseburn), 
 
 15;/. 
 Roman Emperors, 18. 
 Ros (Robert de — of Werke), 17, 
 
 ijn. 
 
 (Margaret de — ), 3, 17, 17;/. 
 
 (Robert de — of Hamlake), 
 
 17;^. 
 
 (William de — ), ijn. 
 
 Rosgill (Rosegill), 25. 
 
 Rothay (Routha) (river), 16 (his), 
 
 18,31: 
 Round-Table (The — , near Ea- 
 
 mont-Bridge), 30. 
 
 (King Arthur's — ), 30. 
 
 Routha, S. Rothay. 
 Roycross, S. Ree-cross. 
 Rydal, m, 16. 
 Rydal Hall, 16, 18, 30, 31. 
 Rydal-Head, 17. 
 Rydal-Manor, 17, 25. 
 Rydal-Park, 17. 
 Rydal-Water, 18, 31. 
 
 Sackville (Lady Margaret — ) 
 
 (Countess of Thanet), 4, 197?. 
 — — (Richard — , Earl of Dorset), 
 
 4, ign. 
 Saint Paul's (Dean of — ), 13. 
 
 Nicholas's lands, 21. 
 
 Sanderson (Rev«i — ), 20. 
 Salkeld (of Corby), 25. 
 Sandford, 23, 27. 
 Sandford family, 23, 25, 27. 
 Sandford (Rob^ de — , t. K. John), 
 
 23- 
 
 (Wm de— ,t. Edw. III.), 27. 
 
 (Sir Richard — , of Howgill- 
 
 castle,i67i),25; (Arms of—), 25. 
 Sandford of Askham, 25, 26, 27. 
 (Thomas — of Askham Hall, 
 
 1671), 27 ; (Arms of — ), 27. 
 Sands (Tho^), 10. 
 
 Scotland 
 
40 
 
 INDEX OF PERSONS, PLACES, &C. 
 
 Scotland (King of — ), 20, 22. 
 
 Scots (King of — ), 22. 
 
 Selside Hall, 14, 15//. 
 
 Shap, 25. 
 
 Shap-Abbey (Heppe), 26 ; (the 
 foundation of — ),26; (Thomas, 
 son of Gospatrick buried there), 
 26. 
 
 Shearmen's Co^ (Kendal), 9. 
 
 Sheriff, 4, 20, 23. 
 
 (Under — ), 23/?. 
 
 Shire Stones (The), 2. 
 
 Sizergh, 7, 12. 
 
 Skelsmergh-Hall, 14. 
 
 Skelton, 3, 17;?, 
 
 Skirwith Fells (Cumb.), 31. 
 
 Smith (D^- Tho« — , King's Chap- 
 lain), ig. 
 
 (John — ), 10. 
 
 Smardale Hall, 22. 
 
 Somerset (John, Duke of — ), 8. 
 
 Sockbridge Hall, 29 (bis). 
 
 Spencer (D^' Miles — ), 19. 
 
 Spittle, 12, 31. 
 
 (on Stainmore), 31. 
 
 Spur (rivulet), 31. 
 
 Squire of the Body (t. H. Vni.),7. 
 
 Stainmore, 2, 18, 22, 31. 
 
 Stanwell (Middx.), i^n. 
 
 Stapleton (William de — , of Eden 
 Hall in Cumb^), 23. 
 
 (Joan (d. & h. of) — ), 23. 
 
 Stewardson (Richard), to. 
 
 Stirkland, S. Strickland. 
 
 Stow-Bardolph (Norf.), 27. 
 
 Strickland (Great and Little), 27. 
 
 Strickland Hall, 27. 
 
 Strickland-Kettle, 12. 
 
 Strickland Roger, 12. 
 
 Strickland, 12. 
 
 Strickland family, 12 (bis); (Arms 
 of—), 12. 
 
 Strickland (Sir Thomas — of 
 Sizergh, 1671), 7, 12. 
 
 (Walter — ), 7. 
 
 Sympson (James), 9. 
 
 Taillebois (Tailboys)(Ivo de — , t. 
 
 Conq.), 2, 2», 3,S^i. 
 Tailors' Com^ (Kendal), 9. 
 
 Tanners' Coy (Kendal), 9. 
 
 Tees (river), 2. 
 
 Temple- Sowerby, 21. 
 
 Thanet (John Tufton, 2'^ Earl 
 
 of—), 4, ign. 
 Thirlwall (North.), 16, 16;?. 
 Thomas (son of Gospatrick), 26. 
 Thoresby's Ducatus, 4. 
 Thornborough family, 14, 15;; ; 
 
 (Arms of — ,inFurness Abbey), 15. 
 Thornborough (Sir William — of 
 
 Selside), 6, 13. 
 
 (Dame Thomasine), 6, 13. 
 
 Thornthwaite-Hall, 25, 31. 
 Threlkeld family (of Yanwath), 30; 
 
 (Arm.s of — ), 30. 
 Tickhill (York.), 4. 
 Towers (Tho*^), 9. 
 Trinity Col. (Camb.), 6. 
 Troughton (James), 9. 
 Troutbeck, 30. 
 Tufton(John—,2^^Earl of Thanet), 
 
 4, ign. 
 (John; Nicholas; Richard; 
 
 Thomas), 4. 
 Turner (Edw.), o. 
 
 (Thos.), 9. 
 
 Tyne (river), 2. 
 Twatterden Hall, 13, 16. 
 Tyrer (Ralph), 7 {bis). 
 
 Ulleswater, 29, 31. 
 Underley, 5. 
 
 Urswick (Arms of — , in Furness- 
 Abbey), 15. 
 
 Verteras (of the Romans), 18, S. 
 
 Brough. 
 Vescy (Vesci) (Lady A. Clifford 
 
 Westmoreland and — ), 4. 
 Veteripont (or Vipont) (Robert de 
 
 — ), 4, 20, 23. 
 
 • (Idonea de — ), 4. 
 
 Vipont (or Veteripont) family, 28. 
 (Robert de — , i^^ Baron), 20, 
 
 23, 26, 27. 
 (Robert de — ,3d Baron), 23 
 
 Warcop(Warcoppe)family, 11, 14, 
 22, 23, 28. 
 
 Warden 
 
INDEX OF PERSONS, PLACES, &C. 
 
 41 
 
 Warden (Lord — of the Marches), 
 
 2I«. 
 
 Wark (or Werke) (North.), 3, 17, 
 
 Westmerland, m. 
 Westmereland, in. 
 Westmeriland, m. 
 Westmorland (Westmorehmd), i, 
 
 m, 2, 211, 30, 31. 
 
 (Burn's History of — ), i«. 
 
 (Pipe Rolls of — ), 211. 
 
 (Sheriff of — ), 4, 20, 23. 
 
 (Baron or Lord of — ), 21, 26, 
 
 27. 
 
 (Barony of — ), 28. 
 
 (derivation of — ), m. 
 
 (Mountains of — ), 30, 31. 
 
 (Rivers in — ), 31. 
 
 (Lakes or Meres of — ), 31. 
 
 Westmoria, i. 
 
 Westmorlandia, i. 
 
 Wharton family, 21, 24; (Arms 
 
 of— ),24. 
 Wharton (Sir Tho«—) (Lord\Vhar- 
 
 ton), 21, 2in. 
 
 (Duke of — ), 217/. 
 
 Wharton Hall, 21. 
 Whinfell or 
 Whinfield-Park, 28. 
 Whitfield (Matthew de — ), 25. 
 Wiberg (of Clifton Hall), 28, 2gn ; 
 
 (Arms of—), 28. 
 
 William (The Conqueror), 22. 
 (King of Scots, [William The 
 
 Lion] , 20. 
 William the Lion (of Scotland), 20. 
 Wilson (Edvv. — of Dallam Tower 
 
 and Heversham, 1671), 11, 12. 
 
 (Henry -), 5. 
 
 — -(Henry— ), 5. 
 Windermere (Wintermere, Win- 
 
 andermere, Winwadremer), 11, 
 
 15, 16, 31. 
 Winderwath, 28. 
 Windesore(Windsore orWindsor) 
 
 of Grayrigg, 14; (Arms of — ), 
 
 14, 14/2. 
 (W^de — t. Edw.HL&Ric. 
 
 n.) (Baron de Wyndesore), 14, 
 
 14^. 
 
 (Margery de — [Duket]), 14. 
 
 Windsor (of Stanwell), 14, I4« ; 
 
 (Arms of — ), i^n. 
 Winster (river), 31. 
 Witherslack, 12. 
 Workington (Cumb.), 25. 
 Wreynose, 2. 
 Wythburn (Cumb.), 31. 
 
 Yanwath Hall, 2gn, 30 (bis). 
 Yanwith (orYanwath), 2gn. 
 York, 15, 20. 
 York (James, Duke of — ["James 
 
 n]), 8. 
 
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