I.D. 1121,. ,'■;'■;■;_;_ ,^ ;• _ VOCABULARIES ENGLISH ARABIC PERSIAN TURKISH ARMENIAN KURDISH SYRIAC Compiled hy the Geographical Section of the Naval Intelligence Division, Naval Staff, Admiralty LONDON t PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE. To be purchased through any Bookseller or directly from H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses : Imperial House, KingsWat, London, W.C. 2, and 28 Abingdon Street, London, S. W. 1 ; 37 Peter Street, Manchester ; 1 St. Andrew's Crescent, Cardiff; 23 Forth Street, EoiNBtTRGH ; or from E. PONSONBY, Ltd., 116 Grafton Street, Dublin. 1920 Price Ss. 6d. net Printed under the authority of His Majesty's Stationery Office By Frederick Hall at the University Ptess, Oxfords VOCABULARIES ARABIC, PERSIAN, TURKISH, ARMENIAN, KURDISH, SYRIAC 493774 • • •! • Note on Pronunciation Consonants. ' = a slight stop, as in the middle of the compound word sea-eagle * = a sound formed deep in the throat to be learnt by oral example dh like tJi in this gh a guttural r h a strong aspirate kh like ch in loch q a guttural, or emphatic, 7c r to be distinctly trilled s emphatic s t emphatic t th as in thing ch as in chat z emphatic ^ zh like the s in pleasure Other consonants pronounced as in English. Vowels. a pronounced as a in about as in far e as in get e (Turkish) as e in father e (Turkish) as in met e (Syriac) as a in gate e (Arabic) as ey in obey as in hit as ee in seen o as in ^oi o (Arabic) as in hope NOTES ON PKONUl^CJLATION 297 o pronounced as u in fun u as in pull u as 00 in pool u as w in Frencli tu Biphthomfs. ai pronounced as i in mind au (aw) as ou in out oi as oi in oii 298 GLdSSABIES OF WORDS 'EhgUsh. able, to be I can AfaUnc: Persian. Turkish, qadar, yaqdir tawanistan bilmek aqdir mi-tawanam bilirim, qadir about (ap- nahu (of num- taqriban, ashaghi-yuqari proximately) bers), taqriban kam-wa-pish about (around) hawl piraman-e etrafinda. etrafda (concerning) min jehet dar khusus-e da'ir above foq bar bala-yi, bala-yi yuqari-da abroad borra (barra) dar khari disliari-da abuse {v.) haqqar, f uhsh dadan. siiymek yuhaqqir deh or la'n kardan, kun accept qabal, yaqbal qabul kerdan qabiil etmek accident muslbah ittifaq, ariza (event) ; asib (calamity) tesaduf, qaza accidentally bi-ta§aduf sahvan qaza-ra, qaza olaraq i,refaqat etmek. accompany, rafaq, yurafiq urafiq hamrah raftar I accompany hamrah mi- beraber geli- ravam orim according to hasab ber hasb-e gore account (n.) hisab hisab hisab on account min sebeb baraye, kha- -den dolayi of tir-e accurate (of mudaqqaq sahih, bi-sa- tam, doghiu calculation) bab-e (calcu- lation) across 'abr an taraf -den (of mo- tion) ; ote tarafda (of rest) action (in war )*arkali Jang ghavgha, mu- harebe GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 2WI English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. able, to be I can garogh, garoghanal garogh yem karin l-m§aya az dkarim, az Ibi, msin shem about (ap- shourch, mod nezik taqriban proximately) about (around) shourch, polor- charrakh {de- erzibani dig din.), ledaor (concerning) ngadmamp, vra bamaslahati..., but b'ishe... above verev, i ver sar, lasar l-'el abroad abuse {v.) ardasahman thshnamanel, nakhadel walate gharib lauma kir l-athra khenna m§u*ere accept accident untounil argadz gabul kirin 'ariz, musibah mqabJl gidsha accidentally badahmamp bakhalat b-ghelta accompany, I accompany ungeranal, Y yes g'unger- gal choin aze gaiwi izala *emm bzali 'emm anam dchem according to hamemad, ust bi-mujib, hash, akh binu account (n.) hashiv, hamar hsaib, zhmar- khishbiina tin, hezhmar ust hashvin sababe, lebar, but khatir d- or hashvoyn jisht dirist, mazbiit khatirjam on account of accurate (of calculation) across meg-tien-miuse'ubur, lave logiba (lit. ' from one t-araf e side to the other') action (in war) baderazmil, sharr, jang plasha baderazmagan kordzoghou- tiun 300; QLOSS'ARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. Administra- idarah idara idare, hukumet tion admiral amir el-bahr darya-begi, amiral. qapu-. amir-i-bahr dan pasha Admiralty Nadharat el- wazarat-i- Bahriye qa- bahriyah bahriyeh pusu adrift tayif rii-yi-ab suyun aqin- tisi-ile advance (of ' arabun pish-qist,pish - peshin, testi- money) aki, or salaf mat advanced muqaddamat el- askar muqaddame- pishdar guard yi-lashkar aeroplane taiyarah {pi. taiyarat) taiyareh taiyare afloat tayif bala-yi-ab yuziyor aft mu'akhkhar es-safinah qich after ba'd ba'd az -sorira {suffix) afternoon ba'd edh-dhuhr ba*d-az-zuhr ikindi again marrah thani- du bar a bir daha, tekrar age (of persons)' amr sinn yash agent wakll amil vekil ahead of guddam pish, jilau ileri-da, iin-da alive liai (p^wr.ahya ) zindeh sagh, hayatda all kull hameh, jami' hep allowed, to be jaz, yajiiz rukh?at yaftan, braqilmaq yab ally halif {pi hu- muttahid, muttafiq lafa) muhalif almost taqriban taqriban az qaldi; he- man-heman alone wahdi, wahdek &c. bi-janib (by , tanha yaliniz alongside pahlii yanina, ya- side of), ilaja- ninda, borda nib (to side of; ) bordaya GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 301 English. Administra- tion admiral Admiralty adrift advance (of money) advanced guard aeroplane afloat aft after afternoon again Armenian. varchoutiim dzovagal Kurdish. siasa, idara Syriac. hiiqraa sare bahre resha d-yama Dzovayin na- khararoutiun herratsial, sar ave choin teple resh maya alevar gankhav-tram- garz kirin, qa khishbuna dal bdain da arrachakount peshe 'askare qamaydtha d-'askar otabarig taiyara sar ave aledzoup, dzpoun hedguys navi pe gamiya taiyarah resh maya hedo pashe hedinq, irig- pashe nivro natem noren kharaya d-gamiya bathar bathar palga d-yauma jarak di; disa midre age (of persons)dariq agent kordzagal ahead arrcheven alive gentani, vo- ghch all amen, polor allowed, to be tuyladrvil ally almost alone alongside tashnagits, zinagits krete minag unt yergay- noutiamp umr, smn wakil peshin sakha hamma izin haya haval taqriban btene nezike shine vakil qamaya be-khaye kull kbare khaura taqriban be-1-hodhe b-qorba :m GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian Turkish. already qad {followed qabl az in shimdi bile, by verb) zatan although wa law, ma'a ann suwa (in a agarcheh eyerche altogether tamaman, bi- bitiin bitiin body) jumlagi always da'iman,kullish hamisheh da'ima, her (entirely), kull zeman waqt ambush {n.) kamin kamin pusu, kemin ammunition dhakhirah zakhire-yi- jebhan^ ammunition- *arabat edh- jang *arabe-yi- jebhane-'ara- wagon dhakhirah jubbekhaneh basi amuse wennes, yu- safa dadan, or eilendirmek wennis khush kardan {trans.) anchor (n.) angar, marsa langar demir anchor {v.) debb angar, langarandakh - demir atmaq {intrans.) yadibb angar tan and wa u or wa ve angry za'lan, ghadh- ban khishmnak darghin animal haiwan haivan {pro- perly haya- van) haivan ankle ka*b {dual ka'ben) quzaq topuq answer (v.) jawab, yujawib jawab dadan. jevab vermek deh anvil sindan sindan urs anybody ahad har kas (bir) kimse anywhere fi ai makan, wenma har ja bashad her nerede apple tuffahah {pi. tuffah) sib el ma appoint 'ayyan, ta*yin kardan. ta'yin etmek yu'ayyin kun approach {v.) taqarrab ila, nazdikama- yanashmaq yataqarrab dan, ai ila apricot mishmish zardalu qaisi English. already Armenian. arten Kurdish. Syriac. although theyev, thebed walau shud, apen altogether always yev miasin, unta- menn mishd bhammi har waqt b-tamamutha daim ambush (n.) ammunition tarnamoud rrazmamterq kamin jaubakhana bu§a jaubakhana ammunition- wagon amuse anchor [n.) anchor (v.) {intrans.) and angry rrazm^mterqi garrq zpostsnel khariskh khariskh tzkel yev pargatsadz saf a kirin, khu ash buyi marsa, langar langar avitin wa sil I- magkhik marsa dare langar wa, u bmisa, kriba animal gentani Ijaiwan, dahba hewan ankle hot (vodits) qulpai ka'ba answer {v.) badaskhanel jawab da mjuweble anvil anybody anywhere sal vo-yeve-megu our yev itse sindan harkas har 'arde sindana kill nasha kuU duka apple khntzor sev khabSsha appoint nshanagel ta*yin kerya matiw approach modenal nezik hat qrule apricot dziran mizhmizh mishmisha 304 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish, April Nisan Nisan Nisan Arab 'Arabi {pL 'ArabI, Tazi 'Arab 'Arab) Arabia Bilad el-' Arab 'Arabistan 'Arabistan arm (w.) kitf , dhra' bazu (upper) ; qol sa'id (lower) armed musallah musallah silahli • armour dira' zireh zir^ arms(weapons) aslihah asliheh silah jesh {pi. ]u- lasbkar ordu, 'asker yush) firqah {pi. urdu qol ordu firaq) hawL atraf-e etrafda army army corps around arrange retteb, yuret- tartib dadan, qararlashdir- tib deb or ara- maq, tertib Stan, ara etmek arrest {v.) qabadh 'ala ; tauqif kardan, tutmaq, habs arrive arsenal artillery ashes ashore ask I ask waggaf, yu- kun waggif wasal, yosal rasidan, ras tereskhanah qur-khana madafi' (can- tup-khaneh non), tobchia (gunners) thou askest he asks we ask ramad 'ala'1-barr, bil-ga' se'el, yes'al ana es'al inta tes'al hua yes'al ihna nes'al khakistar bar zamin etmek varmaq, gel- mek topkhane, tersane toplar kul qaraya, qarada pursidan,purs sormaq mi-pursam sorarim mi-pursi mi-pursad mi-pursim sorarsin sorar sorariz you ask intu tes'alun mi-pursid sorarsiniz GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 305 English. April Arab Armenian. April Arab Kurdish. Nisan 'Arab Syriac. Nisan 'Arabaya Arabia arm (n.) Arabia tev 'Arabistan bask 'Arabistan dra'a armed armour arms army zinvadz zrah zenq zorq bchak zir chak 'askar b-chakke dir' chakke 'askar army corps zorakound ordu ordu around arrange polordig garkatrel charrakh {de- clin.), ledaor paikat keri erzibani mtukesle arrest {v.) pantargel guert erele, dawiq arrive hasnel gahesht mtele arsenal artillery zinaran, tnta- notaran thntanotq jabakhana top-khana jabakhana top ashes ashore ajiun, mokhir i tsamaq kholli sar 'ard qetma resh ar'a ask I ask thou askest he asks we ask you ask hartsnel, pesiar ker mbuqere yes pesiar kerim mbaqren g'hartsnem tou g'hartsnes ta pesiar keri mbaqret an g'hartsne au pesiar ker kimbaqer menq g'harts- ma pesiar mbaqrokh nenq kerin touq hun pesiar mbaqrutu g'hartsneq kerin 306 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. they ask I shall ask I asked asleep ass astern at at least at most at once attack {n.) attack {v.) August Austria Austrian authority Arabic. Persian. hum yes'alun mi-pursand khaham pursid pursidam khab Turkish. sorarlar sorajaghm sordum uyumush, uy- quda khar, ulagh eshek, merkeb 'aqab, dar pai arqasina, ar- dinda nazd, dar -a, -da {suffix) ana es'al se'elt nayim hamar {fl. hamir) li-wara 'ala, bi, fi aqallan el-akther, el- aghlab hessa, bis-sa'ah hujum hujum hujum hejem 'ala, liujiim kardan, hujum etmek _yihjam'ala kun Ab Ab, Murdad Aghostos Nimsa Namseh Nemse Nimsawi Namsawi Avstriali, Nem- seli hukm iqtidar hukm olmazsa en nihayet, olsa olsa hala, fauran birden bire aqallan muntahash autumn kharif khizan son bahar avenge intaqam, yan- intiqam kashi- intiqam etmek taqim or dan, kash akhadh eth- thar, ya'kh- udh eth-thar average [n.) mu*addal bar-avard-e mutavassit aviator t^yyar hava-paima awake {adj.) yaqdhan, bidar ga'id, hasis axe fa's {fl. fu'us) tabar orta, avarya tayareji uyaniq balta GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 307 English. they ask I shall ask I asked asleep ass astern at at least at most at on'ce^ attack {n.) attack [v.) August Austria Austrian Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. anonqg'harts- awan pesiar kimbaqri nen kerin yes bidi harts- aze pesiar kim bedmbaqren nem yes hartsri ma pesiar ker mbuqeri qouni mecli, khafti dmikha qnatsogh esh, avanag kar hmara i hedoust navi, la pashe b-kharayiitha navi yedeven {notinusesepa- e{as termina- bi- rately) ' Hon) keth, arr nvazn bkemahie b-qalilutha arr arravel bgalakiye b-kabirutha isguyn hartzagoumn hartsagil Okostos Avstria Avstriatsi bgalakiye halan palamard hujumker Tabbakh Namsa Namsi halan, alba'al hujum hjimle Tabbakh Namsa Namsaya authority ishkhanoutiun, paya, jah, maruta, huqma arzhanabad- qadr voutiun autumn Ashoun pahiz cherl avenge tol §tandin shqille tol average (n.) aviator awake (adj.) michin Trchogh C flier') artoun takhmin, rib taiyarchi, ferranchi hishshar taq- L qudra nashaparukha, taiyarchi mrisha axe gatsin taver U 2 nara 308 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. axle mihwar mihwar mil backwards ila wara taraf-e aqab, or rii bi-pas geri bacon lahm khanzir giisht-e khuk domuz eti (pork), giisht- e-khuk-e dud dada, giisht-€ khiik-e bi- namak par- vorda bad mu zen, kha- rab, radi bad fena baggage agbradh, gradh asbab-i-safar eshya bake khabaz, yakh- pukhtan, paz f urunda pishir- biz or biry an kar- mek • dan, kun bale {n.) fardah {pi. fardat) . basteh, bar balya ^ ballast thuql mal el- markab parsang safra, kum bandage {n.) rabat 'isabeh sarghi bank (of river ) jurf, sob kinareh sii kenari, irmaq kenari bar (sand) shelhah pushta-ye iig dar dahiana- ye rudkhana sighliq barber muzeyyin dallak berber barley- sha'ir jau arpa barometer mizan hawa mizan-i-hawa hava-terazisi, barometro barracks qishlah qishleh, sar- baz-khaneh qishla barrel (of a umbub lule-yi-tufang tuf eng demiri gun) barricade mahajar sangar metris basket sellah {pi. sa- lal), zembil {pi. zanabll) sapad, zambil seped, zenbil baths hammam hammam hamraam GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 309 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. axle backwards bacon arrantsq tebi-yed khozi aboukht mihvar pishpashi, pishtapisht goshte-baraz qara 1-baru bisra mlikha d-khzura bad kesh, vad pis, nachak bisha, la , randa baggage ireghen, kuyq tisht, kerpal kherrumerre bake khorovel pezhin ipele bale (i^.) ballast balia, apranqi berm navakhij bar tena, farda bandage {n.) patet, gab, patatan bank (of river) kedap bar (sand) barber barley barometer barracks barrel (of a gun) barricade basket tzogh, arkelq (' sand ' = avaz) saprich kari dzanrachap, otatsuyts zoranots parse gamiye saburta d-markwa pechik ribata terefe ave siptha d-yama. siptha de-shatta khiz- barzakji qiimsal barbar, muzai- dalag yin, sartirash jah §are qishla klan (hratsani) lulae tufaka qishla Iwishta de tfakta badnesh chapar chapara goghov sela, sebed qartala baths baghniq hammam j^ammam 310 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. battalion tabur tabur tabur battery batariyah batariyeh tabiye (for- tress) ; batari- ya (movable) battle muharabah Jang muharebe battleship markab liarbi, jabaz- {or harb sefinesi « manwar kashti) i-jang i bay khallj khallj korfez bayonet sengi, harbah sar-naizeh siingii beacb sahil sahil, kinareh yali kenari, deniz kenari beacon fanar, manarah nishan-i-atashi fanar ♦ beans ful lubiya, baqila baqla, fas- suya bear {n.) dibb khiis ayi^ beard lihyah rish saqal bearer(porter) hammal qasid, hamil hammal bearing {nmit.) jihab jihet beat {v.) dharab, yadh- kutak zadan, vurmaq rib zan beautiful hulu, jamil khushnuma, khub giizel because miu sebeb, li-ana zira, chira ki zira, chiinki bed firash takht-i-khab yataq bedroom gubbat en-nom utaq-i-khab yataq odasi bedstead charpayah takht-e khab kerevet bee zambur zambur-e asal ari beef lahm baqar gusht-i-gau okiiz eti, sighir eti beer birah ab-i-jau arpa suyu, bira beet shawandar chughundar panjar before (time) gabl qabl az -dan evvel (sujfflx) GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 311 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. battalion vasht tabiir tabur battery bataria, sharq thntanotits desta d-top battle baderazm sharr sharre battleship rrazmanav, gamiye sharre markwa mardanav d -sharre bay khorsh, dzots khalij khalij bayonet svin khistah harbah, khishta beach dzovap teraf e shatte siptha d-shatta beacon hranshan, gragi nshan nishane agire nishan d-niira beans fasoulia, lobi baqille lobia, baqille bear {n.) arrch, herch, khurs dibba beard morouq rih diqna bearer(porter) grogh, danogh hamil, helgir- - lablaua, hamal (mshag) an, birinan bearing goghm, tirq, untatsq navi beat {v.) zarnel, dzedzel leda mkhele beautiful siroun, keghetsig sherin, dalal randa, shapira because vorovhedev lebar, bo min sabab bed angoghin nivin, doshak shwitha bedroom nnjaran, manzalene vis- ■ oda di-dmakha nnjaseniag tine bedstead mahdjagal, takht qaiawat angoghin, ma - hidjk; kary- ola (Turkish) bee meghou heng, maisha hingiv - dabasha beef yezan mis goshte gah bisra d-taura beer karechour bira beet pazoug shawandar shawandare before (time) arrach peshin qam 312 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. before (place) guddam qabl az oniinde {suffix) begin ibteda, yeb- aghaz kardan, bashlaraaq tedi kun or shuru' kardan, kun behind wara pusht, pai ard, arqa believe i'taqad, bavar kardan, inanmaq ya'taqid kun bell jurs {pi. zang chang (large), jurus) ■ chingharaq (small) below 3 6a, taht zir alt, altinda bench (sofa) takhat nimkat sedir bend (v.) 'awwaj, yu'aw - kham kardan. eyrimek wij kun / berth firash ja-yi-khab yataq beside yem, bi-janib pahlii-ye yaninda besiege hasar, yuhasir muhasareh muhasere et- kardan, mek, qushat- kun maq betray- khan, yakhiin khiyanat kardan, kun kheydnetetmek better; best ahsan; el-ahisan behtar ; daha eyi ; "^en behtarin eyi, en a'la between ben ma bain, dar miyan ara-sinda beyond ghadi antaraf-i.-..., wara-yi... iite-sinda big kabir(i)Lkibar ) buzurg biiyiik bigger ; biggest akbar; el-akbar buzurgtar ; daha biiyiik ; buzurgtarin en biiyiik bill (account) hisab hisab hisab billet {trans.) nezzel 'askar ja dadan, deh oturtmaq binoculars darbin dur-bin durbin GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 313 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. before (place) arracli, arrchev labar qam begin usgsel dastpekir mdushinne, msbare behind edev pasli, lapisht bkharayutha believe havadal bawar kir mhiimenne bell zankag cliang, jinjil zJga below tsadz, nerqev bin iltekh, kbo- tbed bench (sofa) nsdaran kursi direzh, takhta paka bend (v.) theqel, dzrrel chamin tiple berth beside nav-angoghin patsi, izad nezik qamarah 1-giba d- besiege basharel hasar kir nihusere betray madnel kheyanat kir khinne, msapi better ; best aveli lav, cheter khwash- bish tau, or lavokuyn, amenalav tir, qanjtir, chaktir bush spayi between michev ben, nav ben, bil beyond antin idi teraf lau bala khenna big medz mazin raba bigger ; biggest aveli medz, mazintir, galak bish raba ; ka- medzakuyn, amenamedz mazin bira raba bill (account) hashiv bisab, zhmar- - hisab, khish- tin buna billet (trans.) deghavorel binoculars herratitag {lit. telescope) ; yergachia achotsq (lit. two-eyed dorbin durbin 314 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian, Turkish. bird ter {pi. tuyur) murgh qiish bit (of horse) lijam dahaneh, lijam gem bit (piece) waslah pareh parcha bitter murr talkh aji bitumen gir naft qara saqiz, yer sakizi black aswad siyJlh qara, siyuh blacksmith haddad ahangar demirji, na'al- band blame (v.) lam, yalum malamat qabahat bul- kardan, kun maq, zemm etmek blanket lihaf lihaf, gilim yorghan (quilt) bleed {inirans. ) tala' dem, khiin jari qanamaq yitla' dem shudan, shau blind a*ma {fl. *amyan) kiir kor blockade (w.) hisar muhasareh abloqa, qushatma blood dem khun qan blow (v.) habb, yahibb nafkh kardan, kun or dami- esmek dan, dam blow (n.) dharbah zarb, zakhm wurush blue azraq abi, lajiward mavi blunt a'ma (blind) kund kor boat bellam (like zauraq, kashti sandal, qayiq gondola) ; ma - shuf (reed canoe) body (living) jised {pi. aj- sad) tan beden, vujud body (mass of jama' ah jam'iyat jem'iyet people) boil {trans.) aghla, yughli jiish dadan, qainatmaq or fawwar, yu- • deh fawwir boil (intrans.) ghala, yaghli or far, yafur jiishidan, jush qamamaq GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 315 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. bird trrchoun t^irek, baldar taira bit (of horse) santz lijam, hafsar legbema bit (piece) badarr, pegor pechak, parcha parclia bitter tarrn, leghi tahl, tal marira bitumen goubr zift, qir khimar black sev rash koma blacksmith tarpin, yer- asengar, hadad haddada, gatakordz damurchi blame {v.) barsavel razil kir mruzelle la'im blanket vermag bleed (intrans.) ariunel lahef, jajim khlepa khun da mujrele dimma blind guyr blockade (n.) basharoumn blood blow (v.) armn harvadzel, zarnel kor hisar khun werzln blow (n.) harvadz, zarg sil blue gabuyd shin, kau blunt koulj pout kop boat navag gami, belem simya, kora muhasarah dimma mkhele paukha milana, zarqa kopa gamiyah bodv marmin lash jama' at kalandi body (mass of khoump. people) zhoghov boil {trans.) yerratsnel (water) ; khashel (egg) boil {intrans.) yerral kul bi paghra jama' at murthekhle rthekhle 316 GLOSSARIES OF WORD^ » English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. boiled rice timmen mat- chilau pishmish pirinj , bukh pilaf boiler fawwarah, ka- van dig-i-buzurg qazan bomb (n.) qanbalah bomb, qum- bara qumbara bombard dharab top, bi-tup bastan topa tutmaq yadrab t5p bond (legal) sened qabz, tamas- suk tahvil bone 'adhm {pL a'dham) ustukhan kemik book kitab {pi. ku- tub) kitab, nameh kitab boot lapjinah {pi. kafsh chizme, qun- lapjin) ; jaz- dura (shoe) ; mah (native) pabuj (slipper) boot-lace sharit (el-qan- kafsh-band qundura darah) qordelasi both (you) ithnenekum har-du ikiniz bottle shishah {pi. shiyash) shisheh shishe bottom esfel, qa'r teh dib bow (of ship) sadr el-markab muqaddame- geminin bashi yi-kashti bowels ma^arin rudeh baghirsaq box sanduq {pi. sanadiq) sandiiq sanduq, qutu boy walad {pi. aw- lad) pisar oghlan, chojuq brackish malili shiir tuzlu bran nakhalah sabiis kepek brave shajja', jasur shuja*, dilawar yigit, jesur brazier manqalah manghal manghal bread khubz nan ekmek breadth 'ardh pahnayi enlilik break kesar, yiksar shikastan. qirmaq - shikan GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 317 English. boiled rice boiler bomb {n.) bombard bond (legal) bone book boot Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. khasbadz pirinjekalandi,rizza mbushla printz, plaf pilau san, gatsa qazan destitha rroump,kndag qiimbara qumbara rrmpagodzel la-top dadin dari top mourhag, ar- band/alaqa iltlzam zhetought vosgor hasti, isqan garma kirq ktaib, daftar kthawa goshig jazma, kaosh potine, jazma boot-lace both (you) bottle bottom bow (of sbip) bowels box boy brackish bran brave brazier bread breadth break goshigi thel yergouqt al shish liadag arrachagoghm navi aghiq doup, sndoug manch aghi tep qaj, gdrij gragaran hats laynoutiun godrel rise kundarah har-duan, har- duka shush bin peshine gamiye millak, rikhlu sanduq kurr nakhwash savis, sar-bez- hing dildar, juwa- mer manqal, pall nan pani, pahnT shikast, shi- kian gdhadha d-qundare terwe shusha shitta qamayiitha d-markwa millake sandiiqa brona, yala maliikha mar jiir'itta manqal, giimre likhma petiiitha twere 318 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. breakfast futur, chai es- chai-i-§ubh , qahvalti subh breech (of gun) madhkhar et- teh top quyrughu, tufkeh top qichi breeze hawa nasim, bad riizgyar, yel bribe {n.) rashwah, rishva rishvet, bakh- bakhshlsh shish brick (burnt) tabuqah ajur tula brick (un- burnt) bridge bridge (of ship) liben jisr {-pi. jusur) jisr el-markab khisht jisr, pul pul-i-jahiiz kerpich koprii bridle (v.) brigade aljam, yuljim liwa lijam kardan kun fauj , gemvurmaq liwa bright bring broad broadside lami', mudhi jab, yajib 'aridh 'urdh raushan avurdan, ar pahn, *ariz shallik parlaq getirmek genish alabanda broken broker brother mukassar, munkasir dallal akh {fl. ikh- shikasteh dallal biradar qiriq dellal qardash brown brush (n,) wan) esmar furshah gandumi furcheh qahve rengi, esmer furcha bucket buffalo bug baldl jamus baqq satl, dul gavmish sas, malleh qogha manda, jamus takhta-bit GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 319 English. Armenian, Kurdish. Syriac. breakfast nakhajash taisht, iitrah ftarta, tunita breech (of gun) hednadzag jihe phishaka diiktha hratsani, d-fishakke pampouslit tnelou dzag breeze zepiurr ba pokha bribe {n.) gasharq balsa, rushwa rishwat brick (burnt) aghius (thrtzadz) gghmindr karpich lune kerpich brick (un- aghius (houm) karpichj hajiii : lune burnt) bridge gamourch kiipri, jisr gishra bridge (of nava- jisre gamiye gishra d-mar- ship) gamourch, gamrchag kwa bridle {v.) santzel disgin, iaghau leghema brigade kound, zora- kound firqah firqah bright zvarth ruhna, ruzhin mabehrana bring perel man muthele broad layn pan, pehn pethya broadside goghm navi ousti thnta- notq g'ar- tsagvin paniye broken godradz shekast twira broker michnort jambaz, jumaz dalal brother yeghpayr, aghpar bra akhona brown thoukh rengitari, esmar asmar brush {n.) khozanag, frcha, vrdzin furchah furchah bucket duyl, chri tuyl dol, satlok daula builalo komesh garnish gamesha bug paytochil ishpish baqa 320 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. bugle buri shaifur boru build bena, yibni bina kardan, yapmaq, bina kunor'amarat 6tmek, kardan, kun qurmaq bull thor {fl. thiran) nar gau bogha - bullet rasasah {fl. rasas) gululeh qurshun bullock thor mukhsi nar-gau iikiiz buoy shamandarah langar-gir shamandra Bureau-de- Dukkan es-sar- Dukkan-i- Sarraf Change raf sarraf dukyani burn {trans.) ahraq, yuhriq sukhtan, suz yaqmaq burn {intrans.) 1 ishta'al, yash- ta'il ; ihtaraq yahtariq sukhtan, suz 5 yanmaq bury defen, yidfun daf n kardan, gomek, defn kun etmek bush 'uleq, 'agul bisheh chali busy mashghul mashghul meshghul but lakin lakin amma, lakin, faqab butt (of rifle) qandagh, cha'b qundaq, talire ! qondaq qundaq butter zibed kareh sai-yaghi, tere yaghi button {n.) dugmah {fl. dugam) dukmeh duyme buy ishtara, yash- kharidan, satin almaq tari khar by (near) qarib min, ' and nazdik, pahlui yanifida, yaqmda cabin qamarah qamareh qamara cable silk {fl. suluk) tanaf, habl qablo, khalat, zinjir (chain) cake kek kulicheh chorek, qora- biye calf *ijl {fl. 'ujul) gu saleh dana call (summon] I da' a, yad'u sada kardan, kun chaghirmaq GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 32 1 English, bugle build Armenian. shepor shinel, garroutsand Kurdish. buri chai kir Syriac. buri, boqa bnele bull tsoul, yez gah, ganair taura bullet kndag gulla gunbulta, gulla bullock buoy Bureau-de- Change burn (trans.) burn (intrans. yerinch kharskhanish Loumayapokh, saraf ayrel ) ayril gahe khasi , §arraf shawetandi shaweti, suti taura khisya §arrafa muqidhle iqedhle bury thaghel washartin qwere bush busy but matsarr uspaghvadz payts darek, belek bshiila amma sia'a bliga ilia, ma butt (of rifle) hratsanapoun qundakh 'iqwa d-topang butter garak riin, kara kara button (n.) gojag diigma, pulak diigma buy knel kirri zwinne by (near) mod, gov nezik b-qurba cabin cable cake navaseniag herrakratel, baran katha qamarah qamarah waris, zenjir khaula kada, kulaicha kullaiche calf call (summon horth ) ganchel yolik, junagah sharkha Awastin qrele 322 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. call (cry out) sah, ya§ih faryad kardan, baghirmaq kun calm (n.) hudu aram limanliq calm (no wind) sawali aram limanliq calm {adj.) hadi aram limanliq camel jemel shutur deve camel-driver jammal shutur-ban deveji camel (riding] 1 hajln, dhelul shutur-i-sawaribinejek deve camp (n.) mu'askar, mukhaiyam lashkargah chadir yeri can — I can ana aqdir mi-tawanam bilirim thou canst inta taqdir mi-tawam •bilirsin he can hiia yaqdir mi-tawanad bilir we can ihna naqdir mi-tawamm biliriz you can intu taqdiriin mi-tawanid bilirsiniz they can hum yaqdirun mi-tawanand bilirler I cannot ma aqdir nami-ta- wanam qadir deyil i can you ? hal taqdiriin mi-tawanid ? bilir misiniz ? canst thou ? hal taqdir mi-tawani ? bilir misin ? canal tur'ah, nahr ju, nahr qanal candle shema* {pi. shumu') shama' mum cannon {n.) top {pi. atwaf), medfa' {pi. madafi') tiip top cannon-ball gullah {pL gulel) guliila-ye tup obuz canopy dhalal sayaban sayeban GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 323 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriuc. call (cry out) korral, kochel dang kir m'uyitle calm [n.) meghmoutiun huduw, bedan- gahi nikhutha calm (no wind) 1 khaghagh, rahat, be-ba, shelya hantard sukiin calm [adj.) meghm hadi, bedang TiTkha camel oughd heshter gumla camel-driver oughdaban heshtervan jammal camel (riding) nsdelou oughd heshterswar rkule 1-gumla camp (n.) panag, zora- panag urdi ma'askar can — garogh , I can yes garogh az tshem, ibi, masin yem karim {or msin) thou canst ton garogh yes tu tshe, kari ibokh, maset he can an garogh e au tsbet, tkaret ibe, masi we can menq garogh am tshen. iban, masakh yenq tkarin you can touq garogh hun tshen, ibaukhu, eq tkarin masitun they can anonq garogh wan tshen, ibai, masi yen tkarin I cannot yes ch'em az nashshim, laibf, le ma§in garogh . nekarim can you ? garogh eq hun tshen ? gallo ibaukhu, artiog ? tkarin ? masitun canst thou ? ch'es garogh tu tshe ? gallo ibokh, artioq ? tkari ? maset canal chrantsq kanal nehra candle mom, jrak mum, shemal sham'ah cannon {n,) thntanot top top giira cannon-ball kntag guUae-top gula d-top canopy ambhovani sewan, nam- makasta usiya x2 324 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. canter {v.) canvas cap capable cape (promon- tory) capstan captain (of ship) (of native craft) captain (military) captive capture (men) capture (place) capture (seize, V,) caravan care (you take care !) careful cargo carpenter carpet carry cart Arabic. hadhab. yab- dhib jimfas tarbush ; kap (European) muqtedir ra's dulab el-habl qabtan or ra'is el-markab nokhadlia yiizbasbi asir {pi. usara) esser, yu'essir qabadh 'ala, yaqbidh 'ala mesek, yimsak karwan dir balak mutaqayyid himl najjar ziilia, bisat hamal, yahmil or shal, yashil 'arabah Persian. Turkish. yurgheh raft an, rah van gitmek rau kirbas kulah qabil ra's . charkh-i- langar na-khuda, ra'is yelken bezi, yelken f es, kasket ; shapqa (Euro- pean) qadir, muk- tedir burun bojprghat, iirgat re'is, gemi suwarisi, qapudan yuzbashi yuzbashi asir esir asir giriftan, esiralmaq gir giriftan, gir feth etmek giriftan karawan, qafileh multafit bash, or hazar kun ba-hazar haml najjar qali, farsh haml kardan, kun or naql kardan, kun arabeh tutmaq kyarvan diqqat et, saqin diqqatli, gyuzu achiq hamule, yiik doghramaji, marangos kilim, hali tashimaq, go- tiirmek, naql etmek *araba, yiik *araba-si GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 325 English. canter (y.) canvas cap Arynenian. salasmpakel Kurdish. char'ar cho, baz cho arrakasd klkharg, kdag klo, kopin Syriac. mutrele kusitha capable garogh, jardar qadir, zirak qabil, ziraq cape (promon- saravand, sare chiae resha tory) hrwandan capstan anvord dulabe warise diilaba d-khaula captain (of navabed qaptan, sare qaptan ship) gamiye captain (military) captive capture (men) hariurabed keri prrnel, keri prrnel kravel , kravel, prrnel yuzbashi girti girt yuzbashi eria, hbisa erele, dawiq capture (place) capture (seize. V.) zabt kir, §tand girtin, ra- hishtin shqille dawiq caravan garavan karwan karwan care (you take ezkoysh yegbir hishar ba, care !) balak hawit heshar careful zkoushavor hishshar, agah fatln cargo carpenter navaperr hiusn, adagh- tsakortz bar najar, dartash tena I nagara, najar carpet carry kork, carpet danel, grel berzin, fersh bir, hal girt mahfurta labii cart sayl, garrq *arabaye bare *araba d-tcna 326 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. cartridge cart-track cash Arabic. fishgah {pi. fisheg) sikkat el- ' arabah nuqud Persian. fishang rah-i-'arabi- yeh naqd Turhish. fislienk 'araba yolu naqd castle cat catch cattle cavalry cave ceiling cellar cement cemetery centre certainly chain chair change (ex- change, V.) change (n.) channel qasr (pZ. qu§ur) burj, qal'ah bazzunah gurbeh mesek, yimsak giriftan, gir mawashi khail, sawa- riyah mugharah sagf sirdab [yl. sa- ladib) kils, chemento maqbarah markaz (of circle and government) nia'lum, belli albatteh haiwanat suwareh ghar saqf sardab saruj qabristan markaz qal'e kedi tutmaq, yaqa- lamaq bahaim, hai- wanlar suwari maghara tavan makhzen, qilar qa- zanjil, skumli, kursi beddel, yubed- dil ; sarraf (of money) qusiir (of money) mejra chimento mezarliq, bristan merkez (gov- ernmental), orta, vesat (of circle) elbette, shiibhesiz zinjir zinjir sandali, kursi sandaliye taghyir dadan bozmaq (of money) khurda, piil-e ufaq para khurda (of money) (of money) baghaz, tang-i- mejra, yataq, darya boghaz GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 327 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. cartridge pampousht fishak fishakka cart-track sayli jampa ria 'arabana urkha d-'araba cash badrast ardzat, badrast tram, badrast esdag , draf, para zuze castle amrots, tghiag qakj kushk qasra cat gadou ketek, psuk qatiitha catch prrnel girt erele, dawiq cattle anasoun dawar, sawat haiwane cavalry- hedzelazorq suwar rakawe cave ayr, qarayr mughara, kal- waz - guppltha ceiling arrastagh sarban, ban shkiiri cellar marran, zagha, sardap sardapa ngough cement shaghakh gej kelsha cemetery kerezmanadoun guristan, zia- bet qorawati rat centre getron navraz, mar- markaz kaz be-pelga certainly anshoushd hare, di ma'lum chain shghta zinjir shishilta chair athorr kursi, chwarpe kursi change (ex- pokhel gohirrin, mshaklip change, V.) bzhardin, ba- dal kirin change {n.) manrouq sdag, khurda, wur- zuzi khwara pokh (of dapara (of money) money) (of money) channel chouri negh- outs, pos, chrantszq shaqita 328 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. charcoal fahm hatab zughal kyumur chart kharl^ah khariteh, jad- wal kliarita cheap cheek rakhi? arzan ujQz khadd (pZ. rukh yanaq khudiid) cheerful bashshush, khush-hal, giiler yiizlii, masrur masriir khoshnud cheese jiben panir penir chemist ejzachi dava-saz ejzaji chicken dujajah (pZ. dujaj) jujeh pilij chief (w.) ra'Is, shaikh, miikhtar khan re'is, bash children awlad, atfal bachagan,atfa] I evlad,chojuqlar chin dhuqan zanakhdan chene chisel minqar ishkaneh qalem choose iklitar, yakh- guzidan, guzln sechmek tar or intikhab kardan, kun Christ ('Isa) el-Masih Masih el Messih christian mesihi ; nas- isavJ, masihi khristian ; rani (less po- giaur (not lite) polite) Christmas Id el-milad *Id-i-milad Milad-i-'Isa yortusu church kanisah killsa kilise cigarette jigarah sigar, sigarcha sigara circle dayirah da'ireh da'ire city wilayah, me- dinah, beled shahr shehir civil (non- eheli muduni ghairi askeri military) GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 329 English. charcoal chart cheap cheek cheerful chemist chicken chief (n.) children chin chisel choose Armenian. adzoukh navaqardez, qardez azhan ayd ourakh banir teghakordz, teghavadjar varrieg bed yerekhayq dznot krich (qanta- goghats), qandagich kortziq undrel Kurdish. pell, zikhal arzan gup, chur shad penir azachi, dar- dermanchi man-firosh Syriac. komur kharitah arzani lama, patha psikha gupta chuchik sar, maqiil zaru bechuk, minal chin, zinj askana farkha, kthaitha resha yale zore daqintha mabrad bzharain, hal mgiibele chinin Christ Qristos *Isa mshikha christian qrisdonia nasrani, fillah nasraya Christmas church cigarette circle city civil (non- military) Dznount Biyalde •eta yegeghetsi, der zham klanig, sigaret sigara chigara shrchan, ger, hawir dairah, hiidhra shrchanag qaghaq shahr, balad, mdita bazhar qaghaqagan, mulki, ahli- la qoshiinaya qaghaqayin qalam 330 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. claim (/i.) da'wa {fl. da' va, or iddi' a da' va da' awl) clan qabilah {'pl. qabileli qablle, 'ashiret qaba'il) or *ashlrah {pl. 'asha'ir) clean {adj.) nadhif pak temiz clean {v.) nadhdhaf yuna - pak kardan, temizlemek dhdhif kuu or tanzif kardan, kun clear (pure. ^afi; wadhih §af achiq bright) (evident) ; farigh, beli mawani (of road) clerk katib munchi, nuvi- sanda kyatib, yaziji cliff jurf {pl. jur- fan) partgah uchurum, qaya clock sa'ah sa'at sa'at close {v.) ghallaq, yu- ghalliq (of door) ; sedd, yasidd (close up) bastan, band qapamaq closet (water) edebkhanah khala memsha, ab- dest khane clothes hudum libas elbise, ruba cloud coal coast coat coffee cold (in head) zukam ghemah {pl. abr bulut ghem) fahm hajari zughal-i-sangi kiimiir sahil {pl. sawa- sahil deniz kenari, hil) sahil sitrah nimtana setri (Turkish) (jacket) ; ku- laja (frock- coat) gahwah qahweh qahve zukam, sarma nezle GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 331 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Sj/riac, claim (n.) balianch da'wah, talab matlab clan dobm, tsegh ojakh, khil 'ashira clean {adj.) clean (v.) maqour maqrel paqij, pak paqij kir nadifa mundifle clear hstag, barz zalal, ruhnak ?epya clerk krakir katib, inda niwis- katawa cliff kahavand, zliayrrap kandal kandala clock zhamatsuyts sa'at sa'ah close (v.) pagel bestin erele, skere closet (water) ardaqnots abldast clothes cloud hantertz, koustner, kestner amb ha- ez- jull, libas aur juli aiwa coal coast coat adzoukh dzovezr, dzovap verargou fahm, kemur kenar jubbahj sako, qaftan shekhore rakhkha d-maya giidda cofEee cold (in head) sourj, kafe harpoukh qahwa sarma qahwa shauba, zuka m 332 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. cold (in chest) su'al surfeh nezle-i-sadriye cold bard (temperature) cold {adj.) barid collar yakhah collect jama*, yijma* collision - mu^adamah colonel miralai colour colours (flag) colt comb (n.) come come (imper.) comfortable command (n.) commander commerce commission commodore communica- tion companion lon(23Z.alwan) beraq muhr " misht ja, yajl ta'al mustarih (of person) ; mu- rih (of thing) amr {pi. awa- mir) qamandan tijarah ma'murlyet ra'is ustul muwasalah rafij or raflq {pi. rufaqa) sarma sard fukul, yakheh jam' kardan, kun tasadum sartip rang bairaq kurreh shana amadan, ai biya rahat farman sardar tijarat soghiiq soghuq yaqaliq, yaqa toplamaq musademe, charpishma qaim-maqam (lieut.-col.) ; miralai (full col.) renk bairaq, sanjaq, 'alem tai taraq gelmek gel rahat emr, buyii- ruldu qomandan alish-verish, tijaret me'muriyet ma muriyat darya-begl muwasaleh rafiq, hamrah arqadash filo suvarisi, qumidor mukhabere GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 333 English. Armenian. cold (in chest) gourdzqi tsourd, mrsadz (gourdzqen) cold tsourd (temperature) cold {adj.) bagh, sarrn collar otziq Kurdish. collect collision colonel havaqel untharoum kndabed sar Syriac. qarlrutha sar, zukum qarira milwanka, yakhah yakha pin khestin, mjume'Ie gilir kir musadama mkhaya lekli- dbadhe nuralai miralai colour kuyn colours (flag) trosh rang sanjaq gauna bairaq colt mdrouk juwani, kurrali muhirtha comb {n.) sandr shanik mesreqta come kal hat itbele come {imper.) yegour (sing.), wara ta, temun {pi. yegeq {pi.) comfortable hankist rahat, bisa rahitta command (n.) ^liraman amr pugdana commander commerce commission commodore communica- tion companion hramanadar arrevdour badver, bants- nararoutiun navi hrama- nadar haghortag- tsoutiun ungeragits qomandan qomandan tujaret, alish- bazerganutha veresh separish • wazifa mukhabara mukhabarah haval, dost khaura 334 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. ' company jama'ah guruh taqim (assembly) company buluk dasteh biiliik (military) compass qiblanama qibleh numa pussla N. sbamal shamal shemal, yildiz NE. sliamal sliarqi shamal-i- shemal-i- sharqi sharqi E. sharq mashriq sharq, giin doghusu SE. janub sliarql janiib-i- jeniib-i-sharq, sharqi keshishleme S. janub janiib jenub, qibla sw. janiib gliarbi janub-i- gharbi jenub-i-gharb w. gbarb maghrib gharb, giin NW. sliamal gharbi shamal-i- shemal-i- gharbi gharb, qara yel compensation ta'widh talafi, ujrat tazminat complain ishteka, yash- shikayat kar- shikyayet et- teki dan, kun or nalidan, nal ■ mek condemn hakam, yah- mil j rim jesasina hukm kam (of judge] ) kardan etmek condition hal {pi. ahwal) halat hal (state) condition shart {pi. sbu- shart shart (stipulation) rut) confess qarr, yaqurr i'tiraf kardan , i'tiraf etmek, or i'taraf, kun iqrar etmek ya'tarif confidence tkiqqah i'timad emniyet confirm haqqaq, yu- iqrar, nuqairar tasdiq etmek haqqiq kardan confiscate dhabat, yadh- zabt kardan musadara et- bat mek GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 335 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. company hasaragoutiun jama 'at jama'ah (assembly) company koumardag buluk dasta (military) (250 zinvor) compass gogbmatsuyts qibbanama N. hiusis sbimal garbya NE. hiusis-arevelq E. arevelq tavbalsan saq yoma, madenkha SE. haraf-arevelq S. baraf tarafe qiblate 1 taimna sw. baraf-arev- moudq w. arevmoudq rujavai, gharb ma'erwa NW. hiusis-arev- moudq compensation pokharinou- jerm awaz tmn, vnasu badoutsanel complain kankadil gili or sbikat kir, gazin kir musbkele condemn tadabardel tiukm kirin awed gunakar condition vijag hal, atiwal tial, ahwal (state) condition bayman sbart sbart- (stipulation) confess khostovanil iqrar kir mud el e confidence vsdaboutiun iman, dilbisai itimad , itibar confirm hastadel, sdoukel isbat kirin muqwi confiscate kravel, prni ghasib kirin, shaqil arrnel zabit kirin 336 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. confusion congratula- tions conquer (a city) consent (n.) consequence Constanti- nople consul consulate consultation content contraband (adj.) contract (n.) convenient conversation Arabic. qalabaligh (turmoil) ; ikhtilat ; * ademtibte Persian. tashnish (of things) ; bl- nazmi (of persons) tahniyah {sing.) tahniyat Turkish. qarishiqliq, qalabaluq tebrik intasar, van- ghalib shudan maghlub etmek ta§ir fetah, yiftah giriftan, fath feth etmek kardan ridha qabiil kardan, riza razT shudan natijah Istambul qunsal (pi. qunasil) qunsalkhanah mashawarah radhi mamnii* muqawalah muwafiq haki, hachi convoy (n.) khafar cook (n.) cook {v.) cool copy (n.) 'aschi tabakh, yat- bakh barid niskhah {pi. nisakh) natija Istambdl qonsul qonsul-khana mashvarat qani* qachaq, ma- mnii' qabala (com- mercial) muwafiq mukalama, suhbot badraqah ash-paz pukhtan, paz khunuk nuskheh netije Istambol qonsolos qonsoloskhane mush aver e razi,khoshnud qachaq mukavele, bazarliq miinasib sohbet, laf qonboy, qo- ruma ashji pishirmek serin nuskha, siiret GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 337 Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. confusion kharnagoutiun , parishani, be - shghiishya shpotoutiun hisbariani congratula- shnorhavorou- tahani mbarakhiate tions tiun, ' achqi loys' * conquer haghtel ghalabab kirin, ghalib ber kirin (a city) direl qaghaqs, fatih kirin, mzabit nvadjel standin consent (n.) havanoutiun, qabul, riza razlutha hamatzaynou - tiun consequence hedevanq, hedevoutiun natija plata ^ Constanti- Constant nu- Istambul Istambul nople polis or Bolis consul hiubados balios, qonsi- 16s qiinsul consulate hiubadosaran qonsilkbana, balioskbana qiinsulkhana consultation khorhrtagtsou- tiun mashwara maslahat content koh razi, kadin p^Tkha, razi contraband maqsakhuys qacbagh muherma, qa chagh contract (n.) hagabadger, muqawala, qabal liagarag sanad convenient harmar munasib munasib conversation khosagtsoutiuE I akhaftin, kbabardan mhamzemta convoy {n.) bahag, bede- himayat, gba- mhamoye vort farat cook (n.) khobarar asbcbi mbashlana cook {v.) yepel kalandi, ash kir mbushelle cool zov sar, jamid qarira copy {n.) orinag, pad- jen naskha naskha MES. I 338 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. copy (v.) nesekh, yen- istinsakh kar- ■ siir^t chekmek. sakh dan, kun istinsakh et- mek (writing) cord khait, sutli risman ip, iplik cork (n.) sidadah (stop- sar-shisheh tapa (in bottle), per), fillin mantar (sub- (substanc^) stance) corkscrew burghi pish-e butri burghu corn (cereals) l;iubiib gandum boghdai corporal onbashi wakil on-bashi cost (n.) qimah qimat paha, fi'at cotton gutn pambeh pambiiq council me j lis ma j lis mejliss count {v.) hasab, shumnrdan, saimaq yahsub shumar country bilad, mem- mamlakat memleket, lekah watan courageous shajja* dilir yiyit,mutejassir course jihah, tarf jihat geminin yolu (direction) (ship's) court-martial diwan barb divan-i-tarb divan-i-harb cover (v.) . ghatta, yu- piishidan. ortmek ghatti push cover, take ha^^an. panhan shu- • siper almaq, yubassin dan, shau gizlenmek cow baqarah, hash ah gau inek cowardly {adj .) iahham tarsii qorqaq creek khalij murdab qoi, boghaz crescent hilal hilal hilal crew mallafcah ahl-i-jihaz gemi ta'ifesi crooked a*waj kaj eyri crops ha^il, mah?ulat mah^ulat mahsulat cross (v.) 'abar, ya'bar ubur namtidan gechmek GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 339 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. copy {v.) orinagel shekil or nasekh kir nsekble, ktbule cord baran, lar waris,ris,bang kbaula cork (n.) khtsan, man- tarr sar-sbusba pukia corkscrew khtsahan burghi, garr corn (cereals) tsoren ganim, dakbl dakbla, kbette corporal dasnabed, yentbaspah onbasbi onbasbi cost (n.) kin, arzheq qimat, baba tin I a cotton pambag pambuk, luka ktana council zhoghov, aclian mijlis,anjuman mejliss count {v.) hashvel zbmartin mnele country kavarr walat atbra courageous gdrij dildar mar libba course untatsq jibat jibab court-martial baderazmagan adian cover {v.) dzadzgel, pagel pusband. mkusele cover, take badsbaril, wasbartin, mtiishele bashdbanvil basbar kir cow gov, cov chel, mangu tawerta cowardly {adj.) yergchod, vad tersiik zado"i creek kborsh, poqr navabankisd • crescent ma big mab-nu, bilal istra crew navasti, navaz crooked gor, dzourr kiwan, kezb, lar plima crops bountzq basad kbsada cross (v.) irar bantibil, timatseant- ' snil darbaz buin *awir Y 2 340 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. crowd {n.) qalabalikh, izdiljam qalabaluq, jama' ah jem'iyet cruel qasi, garim bi-rahm, zalim zalim, ghaddar cruise (n.) safar darya-gardi dolashmaq cruiser tarrad, man war cultivation zira*ah, falahah abadani cup finjan, piyalah piyaleh, jam cure {n.) shifa ilaj current {n.) jarayan sail curtain pardah custom-house gumruk cut (v.) dagger daily (adj.) daily (adv.) dam (n.) damage damp {adj.) dangerous dark darkness date (time) date (fruit) daughter dawn day gas$, yaguss qata', yaqta' khanjar {j)l. khanajir) yomi yomiyan sudd khisarah murtib mukhtir mudhlim dhulmah parda gumruk buridan qama sadd zarar, ziyan namnak khatarnak tarik tariki tarikh tarikh tamrah {pi. khuima tamr) bint {pl.h&nat) dukhtar fijr bamdad yom {pi. aiyam) day (opposite nahar to night) kruasor zira'at kyasse, finjan shifa aqinti perde giimriik kessmek khanjer har-ruzeh her giinki ruz her giin sedd, bend zarar nemli tehlikeli, qor- qulu qaranliq qaranliq tarikh khurma qiz, kerime shafaq gun giindiiz GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 341 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. crowd (n.) ampokh, qalabalikh qalabalikh khouzhan jama'ali cruel ankout zalim qeshya cruise (n.) navayin bduyd, had- zoumn navi i dzovou safar safar cruiser hadzavorag cultivation mshagoutiun chandine, jutyariye zarra'utha cup pazhag fin j an, piyala finjan, qatkha cure {n.) tegh ilaj, chara mbasimta current hosanq, hortsanq ria-ave, sail sail curtain varakoyr parda perda custom-house maqsadoun yumruk gfimruk cut (v.) gdrel, pazhnel 3irrin qate dagger tashoyn khanjar, kerik khanjar daily {adj.) oragan, am- enoria har-roj daily (adv.) kul yom dam thoump sadda, bend sikra damage vnas, gorousd zyian, zerar khisarah damp khonav tarr, shil talila, ratiwa dangerous vdankavor khatardar, mar darak. bdarak mari zeluta dark mouth tar, dark kheshka darkness khavar, mtou- tiun tari khuya date (time) tvagan zaman, wakht tarikh date (fruit) armav khurma khurma daughter toustr,aghchig kich brata dawn arshaloys speda^ spe- darozh zraqta d-yoma day or roj yoma day (opposite tsoreg rozh yoma to night) . 342 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. dead meypt murdeh iilii, tilmish deaf atrash karr saghir dear (person) 'aziz, mahbub *azlz *aziz dear (price) ghali giran pabali death maut marg iiliim deceive ghashsli, firiftan, firib aldatmaq, yaghishsli or gul zadan, hile-etmek December Kanun el-aw- zan Dai, Kanun-i- Kyanun-i- wal auwal evvel deck sath §afha-yi-kashti goverte declaration i'lan el-harb i'lan-i-jang i'lan-i-harb (of war) decree {n.) amr, iradali farman irade deep 'amiq *amiq derin deer gbazal ahii geyik defeat (n.) inkisar, hazi- shikast kbur- inbizam mab dan defeat {v.) kasar, yaksur ; shikast dadan, inhizam gbalab 'ala deh etmek defend dafa', yudafi* difa' kardan, muhafaza . kun or hima- etmek, qori- yat kardan, maq kun deficiency *adam kifayah, nuq^an kami noqsan dense thakhin, ghaliz, musb- siq musbtabik tabik depreciation kbalal, nuq§an nuq§an kbalal (of troops, guns, &c.) describe wa§af , yo^af bayan kardan, ta'rif etmek, kun or wa^f anlafcmaq kardan, kun desert {n.) chol, barr biyaban yaban desert {v.) terek, yitruk guzashtan. braqmaq, terk guzar etmek deserter barib min el-*askariyah gurikhteb qachaq GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 343 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac dead merradz, mer- rial miria mitha deaf khoul karr karra dear (person) sireli 'aziz 'aziza dear (price) sough, thank giran agran death ma.h merin mota deceive khapel gharrand, khalatand mut'ele December Tegtemper Kaniine auwal Kanun qa deck tstigon-navi declaration haidararel (of war) (baderazm) decree [n.) vdjir, hramman farman, irada qanuna deep khor chal, kur 'amiqa deer aydziam, egh- ghazal, asik ghazala defeat (w.) jerou bardoutiun shkastine, bezandine twara defeat {v.) haghtel shkast, bezan- din twere defend bashdbanel khudan kir mhumele deficiency theroutiiin, kemahi, nuqsanutha bagasoutiun nuq§an dense khit, thantzr ghaliz, giran yaqura depreciation vadtharat- (of troops, soumn (zorats, guns, &c.) thntanothits) describe nkarakrel wasf kir mtun61e desert (n.) anabad bari, chol bariya desert {v.) tasalig linel^ bar dan shweqle pakhchil deserter tasaliq qachagh qachagh 344 GLOSSAEIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. desk mektebah miz-e tahrir chekmeje despatch {n.) risalah risaleh, mura- saleh talaf kardan. tahrlrat destroy kharrab, , mahv etmek, " yukharrib kun bozmaq or dammar. yudammir detain * attal, yu' attil nigah dashtan , aJiqomaq baz dashtan determinatioE I jazm, qarar ta^mim qarar( decision): (decision) ; iqdam (firm- israr, ta§mim ness) (firmness) devil shetan {pi. sheyatin) iblis sheitan diarrhoea is-hal is-hal is-hal die mat, yamiit murdan, mir olmek, velat etmek difference farq farq farq difficult §a*ab, zahma mushkil zor, giich dig ^lafar, yahfir kandan, kan qazmaq dinner *asha (in even- sham akhsham ing) ; ghada yemeyi (at noon) direct (adv.) giibal mustaqiman doghru dirty wasikh chirk pis, kirli disappear ghab, yaghib gum shudan, gha'ib olmaq shau or gha'ib shudan, shau discharge farragh, yu- bar andakhtan boshaltmaq (cargo, V.) farrigh discharge battal, yu- murakhkhas izin vermek (dismiss, v.) battil kardan saJivermek GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 346 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. desk kraseghan mez, pesh- miz d-ktotha takhta despatch {n.) (bashdonagan), kitab, kaghaz ktbawa namag destroy qantel, averel kharab kir mukbrule detain bahel, pandel ta't-ii kirin, {lit. ' to put in girtin prison ' or 'under arrest') determination voroshoumn niyat zakhm gamq, mdat- routium devil diarrhoea die difference difficult dig dinner direct {adv.) dirty disappear discharge (cargo, V.) discharge (dismiss, v.) tev, sadana tanchq, por- loudsanq merrnil shaitan zik choine mirin, jan da farq darperoutiun, zanazanoutiun tzhvar zahmat porel kulan, kandin jash, unthriq nanishao (evening meal) shidag,oughigh, dirist oughghagi (= direct to) aghdod anhedanal pis, chirkin hinda or na- diyar, bu dawiq qa§d matin dewa izala d-kasa mithle purshiinya zahmat khpere ghadaya, kharamsha diiz mtiimya fetle, ghible barbel bare garni mpalit tana dainanin artzageljVrndel * azil kirin, rha mpalit kirin 346 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. discipline (n.) nidham nazm, riyazat nizam-u-intiz- discover keshef, yik- daryaftan, am bulmaq, keshf shaf daryab etmek disease mardh na-khushi khastaliq,'illet dishonest khayin, mil na-durust khirsiz, insaf- sadiq siz disobedient 'agi sarkash, *a§i ita'atsiz, dik- bash disperse tashshar, yu- mutafarriq daghitmaq (trans.) tashshir kardan displeased mu radhi na-razi darghin distant ba'id ba'id uzaq district na^iiyah {pL nawahi) nahiyeh qaza, nahiya ditch khandaq (pi. khanadiq) khandaq hendeq diver ghawwag {also submarine) ghauwa? dalghich divide qassam, yu- taqsim kardac I, taqsim etmek, qassim kun ayirmaq division firqah {pi. firqah firqa firaq) * do sawwa, yusaw- kardan, kun yapmaq, wi etmek dock baudh el-ma - gemi hauzi. rakib, dok tersane hauzi dockyard mina li-ta'mir kar-khaneh-i- tersane es-sufun kashti-sazi doctor hakim tabib, hakim hekim dog kelb {pi Mlab) sag kopek donkey hamar {pi. ha- mir) khar, ulagh eshek, merkeb door bab {pi. ab- wab) dar qapu doubt {v.) shekk, ya- shakk kardan, shiibhe etm6k shikk kun GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 347 English. Armenian. Kurdish. iSyriac. discipline {n.) garkabahou- tarbiah, riza, tarbiah tiun, hrabank nazam discover kdnel. yerevan hanel dit, kashf kir mgulele disease hivantoutiun nasakhi nassakhiitha, mara dishonest anbargeshd khain, be- sharm kha'in disobedient anhnazand m 'asi disperse daradzel, tafriq kirin, mperpis {trans.) kravel ravandin displeased ankoh, dhad- na razi, na narazi jadz qabul distant herrou diir yarikha district kavarr, qaza, walat qaza shrchanag • ditch pos dial, khandaq khandaq diver iougbag, hou- zag, cbri dag souzogh cho bin ave ghe^le divide pazhanel qismat kir, bahre da mpiilele division chogad do unel, anel kir ewedhle, awed dock gayan navi, avazan navi dockyard navaran doctor pzhishg hakim hakim dog shoun seh kalba donkey esh khmara door dourr, tourr dari, derga tar'a doubt {v.) gasgadzil, shakk kir, shik daragousil bshubhat bu - 348 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. dragoman tarjuman {pi. miitarjim terjuman tarjumaniyah) resem, yersem rasm kardan resm etmek draw (map, &c.) draw (pull) draw up (document) jarr, yajurr keshidan chekmek resem, yersem rasm kashidan, tanzim etmek or keteb, yik- kash tab draw up (line §aff, yasuff saff bastan, tanzim etmek of troops) band dress (intrans.) labis, yilbas pushidan, geyinmek push dress {trans.) lebbes geyindirmek dress rabat, yarbut marham gu- (yara) baghla- (a wound) zasbtan, maq guzar tafa, yatf u ba sail raftan, suyun aqinti- rau sile qapilmaq sherbah sharbat ichqi drift {v.) drink {n.) drink {v.) sberib, yish- ashamidan or ichmek rab nushidan, nush drive {trans.) saq, yasuq randan, ran siirmek, qosh- durmaq driver (of car- ' arabachi siirclii, kalas- ' arabaji riage) kachi drown gharaq, yagh- gliarq sbudan, boghmaq {intrans.) raq shau drown {trans.) agbraq, yugh- gliarq kardan, boghulmaq riq kun drunk sakran {pi. mast serkhosh sakara) diy (^O yebbes, yu- kbushk kar- qurutmaq yebbis or dan, kirn nashshaf, yu- nashshif dry {adj.) yabis, nashif khushk quru duck besh, battah urdak ordek dust toz, ghubar gard toz GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 349 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. dragoman tarkman tarjaman terjman draw kdzel kdzakrel rasem kir rshimle (map, &c.) draw (pull) (gardez) kashel draw up horinel, kiel, niwisin kthiHe (document) draw up (line of troops) dress {intrans.] sharatasel (vaverakir) jagadetsnel, garkel 1 haknel reza kir jilik bar kir ewedhle reza Iweshle dress {trans.) haktznel dress tarmanel, darman da nudurmenne (a wound) viragabel drift {v.) hosanq hat bar ave mshupele drink {n.) drink {v.) khmeliq, um- beliq khmel sharbat vakhwarin shtaya shtele . drive [trans.) varel (a car), saljt kir, be- sljetlc; seqle kshel (horse), zaftin vanel (enemy) driver (of car- qshogh 'arabachi arabachi riage) drown heghtsnoul, khanneqin ghreqie {intrans.) kheghdvil drown {trans.) kheghtel khanneqandin drunk dry {v.) kinov, harpadz chortsnel sarkhwash hishik kir rawaya mubeshle, bariz dry {adj.) chor hishk wisha duck pat, bat wurdek, batek batta dust poshi toz, khoU toz, 'epra 360 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. duty (tax) resm {pi. ni- suinat) gumruk, baj vergi, resm dynamite dinamit dinamit dinamit dysentery is-hal dem is-hal is-hal each kull bar her bir ear udhn {dual udhnain) gush qulaq early min waqt (in good time) ; badri zud erken earth ardh, trab zamin arz, topraq earthen turabi, tlni khaki topraqdan earthwork mitras khak riz istihkyam east sharq khawar, sharq sharq, giin doghusu Easter 'Td el-qiyamah 'Id-i-fash Biiyiik pas- qalya eastern sharqi sharqi sharqi easy sehl asan qolai eat akal, ya*kul khurdan, khui : yemek egg bedhah {pi. tukhm-i- yumurta bedh) murgh Egypt Masr Mi^r Misr Egyptian Ma§ri Mi§ri Misrli elbow 'aks aranj dirsek embark rekeb (yir- bar kashti gemiye bin- {intrans.) kub) fi safi- suwar shudan, mek nah shau embarkation rukub rukub gemiye bin- meklik devlet empire daulah, mem- mamlakat, lekah padshahi employ (thing) ista'mal, yas- isti'mal kar- quUanmaq ta*mil dan, kun GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 361 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. duty (tax) max baj, gumruk kherj dynamite dinamit, ouzhanag dysentery thanchq is-hal is-hal each yiuraqanchour , har, har-kas kulkha ammen meg (for persons) ear aganch guh natha early ganoukh zu qalula earth yergir, kedin ard, akh (soil) ar'a earthen gavayin zh-akhi min-*epra earthwork hoghathoump chapare akhe chapar d-'epra east arevelk khawarasan, khuralat madenkha Easter Zadig 'ifidha d-pe§tia, *Edha gura eastern arevelian zh-tavhalsan madenkhaya easy heshd, tiurin hasan, sanahi sanahi eat oudel khwarin ikhelle egg havgith, tzou hek, kha betah ■^gyp^. Ekiptos Misr Meser Egyptian Ekiptatsi Misri Me^raya elbow armoug anishk, bala- mishk, bala- milka, kin- arishk qursiiita embark nav mdnel sar gamiya rkule b-markwa {intrans.) cho embarkation nav mdneln empire deroutiun, gay- daulat, orkat impratutha sroutiun, in- qnagaloutiun employ (thing) kordz adzel istimal kir mustu'mille 352 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. employ (men) istakhdam, yastakhdim empty {v.) farregh, yu- farrigli empty (adj.) farigh Persian. Turkish. tashgliil kar- ish vermek dan, kun khali kardan, boshatmaq kun khali bosh encamp khayyam, khaimeh za- chadir qiirmaq yukhayyim dan, zan encampment khiyam, mu- chadir gah chadir yeri (of nomads) khaiyam end (trans.) enha, yunhi anjam dadan, bitirmek or khallas, deh or tamam yukhalli? kardan, kun endure tahammal, tahammul dayanmaq yatahammal namudan, numa enemy *adu ipl. 'ad- wan or a' da) dushman diishmen ' engine makinah mashin makina engineer muhandis muhandis muhendis (civ- (civil or military); osta (mechanical) England Englishman enlist (army) enough ensign entrench Inglistan Inglisi il) ; charkhji (mechanical); istihkyam alai (engineers, military) Ingilterra Ingliz Anglaterra Anglezi (pi. Anglez) keteb fil- ' askariyah kafi, bes bas, kafi yetishir, kyafi beraq bairaq sanjaq, bairaq tahassan, yata- sangur bastan tabassun etmlk hassan sarbaz kardan 'askerliye (trans.) ; sar- yazilmaq baz shudan entrenchments istihkamat sangur istihkamat envelope dharf , ghalf zarf, pakat zarf GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 353 Armenian. employ (men) vartzel Kurdish. ish da khali kir empty (v.) tadargel, barbel empty (adj.) tatarg, tar- khali, wala dag encamp panagel,panag var kir tnel encampment vran tneln, zom, var (of nomads) panagoum end (trans.) avardel khalas kir Syriac. wellc shula msupeqle spiqa it ill e zoma khli^le, timle endure enemy engine engineer handourzhel, §abr kir, jan- sbere dogal hishik bu tshnami dizhmin dishmin meqena makinah makinah meqenakordz muhandis muhandis England Anglia Englishman Angliatsi enlist (army) zinvorakrel, zinvorakrvil (to be enlisted) pavagan nshan, trosh badneshnerov amratsnel enough ensign entrench Inglistan Inglizi Engilterra Inglezaya entrenchments amratsoutiung envelope dzrar bo 'askar gir- ktiwa soldat tin (trans.); la ' askar choin (intrans.) bass bassa, kmale sanjaq, bairaq baidaq bar khandaq dari sangar choin, bar chapar run- ishtin chapar, khan- sangari daq zarf zarf 354 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. equal (adj.) equip err escape {v.) escort {n.) escort {v.) evacuate evening every everything everywhere examine except exchange (v.) excuse {v.) exercise {n.) (physical) expect Arabic. musawa Persian. barabar Turkish. musavi jahhaz, yujah- tajhiz kardan, tejhiz etmek, hiz kun donatmaq (ship) ghalat, yagh- ghalat namii- ja,iiish.{+ suffix) lat or akhta, dan, numa var, yanilmaq yukhti inhezem, yen- rastan, rah or qachmaq hezim rahai yaftan, yab khafar, haris badraqah qonboy rafaq, haras yahrus khalla, yukhalli takhliyeh or farregh, kardan, yufarrigh kun mesa sham kuU har hamrah raf tan, refaqat etme rau takhliye etmek, boshatmaq akhsham her kuU she hameh chiz fi kull makan har ja her shei her yere, her yerde fahas^ yafhas taftish kar- teftish etmek^ (a question) ; dan, kun yoqlamaq imtahan, yamtahin (a candidate) ilia bi-juz az -dan bashqa (suffix) beddel, yu- ivaz kardan digish etmek beddil (barter) *adhar, ya'dhir; ma*zur dash- *afv etmek, 'adhdhar tan, dar 'afv etdirmek (make excuses for) tamrin, mashq ta'lim riyadh'ah intadhar, yan- muntazir me'mul etmek tadhir biidan GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 355 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. equal (adj.) havasar, hame mad > berambar, wakuyak barabar equip sparrazinel, zinel err moloril khalat kir ghletle escape pakhchil, khuys dal khalas bu, ravi *reqle, khli§le escort {n.) oughegits, escort (v.) hedevortq oughegtsil himayat kir mhumele evacuate tadargel, barbel helan shweqle evening every irigoun amen mi, amen meg evar, hingSr hammi, har 'aserta kull everything amen inch hammi tesht kull mindi everywhere amenoureq har 'arda kull duka examine qnnel fah? kir, qanj dit f^ie^le, mpu- teshle except patsi ilia, magar ilia, shwuq min exchange {v.) pokhel, pok- hanagel badal kirin shaklip excuse (v.) nerel hijjah, gazin makhli exercise (n.) marzanq garrandin, ta- li m kir juraba, isti'mal expect agngale], sbasel dipain (pers.) kham kirin , sapir z2 356 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. expense masraf {pi. kharj kharj, masraf ma^arif) explain fesser,yiifessir hali kardan, anlatmaq,ta'rif kun etmek explode fajjar, yufajjir infijar kardan, patlatmaq {trans.) kun explode infajar, yan- tarakidan, patlamaq {intrans.) fajir tarak explosion infijar infijar patlama export (v.) ba'ath, yib'ath haml bi-kharij dishari gonder kardan mek exposed mu'arradh ma*riiz ma'ruz, achiq ewe eye extinguish na'jah *ain {dual 'ainain, pi. *uyiin) taffa, yutaffi madeh mish chashm khamiisli kardan dishi-qoyun goz siindui-mek face faithful fall {V.) family famous fanatical far farm farmer farrier fat {adj.) wajh {pi. riii, ^iirat wujiih) amin, sadiq wafadar waga% yoga' ; uftadan, uft saqat, yasqut (of city) ' ayilah ahl-i-khaneh mashhiir mashhiir, namdar muta*a§i?ib muta*a?sib ba'id dur mazra'ah mazra' fellah (peasant) ra'iyat, zira' atkar na"al na*l-band samin {pi. saman) farbeh yuz sadiq, doghru diishmek familya, ev, choluqchojuq- lar meshhur muta'assib uzaq chiftlik chiftji na'al-band, baitar (vet.) semiz, shish- man GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 357 English. expense explain explode (trans.) explode (intrans.) explosion export (v.) exposed ewe eye Armenian. dzakhq patsatrel baytetsnel baytil baytiun ardadzel Kurdish. ^Syriac. kharj, masarif masrap iafsir kir, hal mpusheqle gotin agir da agir girt, taqandin mushqille nu a shqille nura la idi dawlat henartin nshavag, yen- pesh qsbm.{'prep.).m- thaga(vdanki, shan ta yevaln) maqijvochkhar meh 'erba, wana achq chav *aina extinguish marel face faithful fall yeres havadarim ihnal mirandin, mchanie kuzhdin, tifandin ru, damuchav patha rast ketin amm npille family undaniq khan baitha famous hrrchagavor, mashhur, khu- ■ mushhur anvani dan nav fanatical molerrant muta'assib muta*a§sil far herrou dur rahiiqa farm akarag mazra'ah zrota farmer akaraga-kordz jotyar, renj- bar, zari' aqaradar farriei baydarr na'alband na'alband fat (adj.) ker, kiroug qalao, wiz qshita, shamina 358 English. fat {n.) father favour {n.) fear {v.) feast GLOSSARIES OF WORDS Persian. Arabic. dihn, semen ab fadhlah pidar iltifat Turkish . baba, peder kerem khaf, yakhaf tarsidaii; tars qorqmaq ' azimah id ziyaf et February feeble ferry (w.) fertile fetch fever few field fig fight {v.) fight {n.) Shubat dha'if ma'eber mukhsib ja bi-, yaji bi- sakhunah qalil mazra*ah tinah {"pl. tin) ta* arak, yata'arak ; taharab, yataharab *arkah Shubat za'if ma'bar, guzar-gah hasil-khiz Shubat quvetsiz gechid yeri bereketli awurdan, ar getir tab sitma kam az chaman tarla anjir injir jang kardan, muharebe et- kun mek jang file (of soldiers) saff {'pl. suf uf ) fill teres, yitras filled ghavgha, mu- harebe filly find finger finish (v.) matrus muhrah wajad, yojad usbu' {fl. asabi') khalla?, yu- khallis ; kem- mel radif, qitar sira pur kardan, doldurmaq kun purshuda [or dolu mamlu) madeh kurreh qisraq tai yaftan, yab bulmaq angusht parmaq tamam kardan bitirmek GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 359 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. fat {n.) djarb father hayr bab baba, kakka favour {n.) shnorh, barkev ihsan, minnat. , shapaqat lutf fear (v.) vakhnal tersin zdele feast ' don, zvard- 'id, bairam 'ida (eccles.) ; anal, oudel (days); da- ihmel (i. e. wat, ziafat ' eat and (merry) drink ') February Pedrvar Sibat Eshwat feeble dgar, nihar bewazh, kuh, zabun zabun ferry (n.) navag, last garni, kalak gamiya, qayegh fertile pareper, arka- mukhsib, tayana vant khosh-'ard fetch perel, danel inand miithele fever dent, jerm ta shatha few qich, sagav hindik, pechak (things only) : khacha field tashd, dasht, dasht, charam chamma, haqla fig touz hezhir, hinjir tina, tene fight (v.) grrvel, bader- sharr kir ewedhle sharre, azmel palish fight {n.) grriv file (of soldiers) gark, sharq fill Itsnel filled filly find finger finish (v.) letsvadz, let- soun mdroug (tzi) kdnel mad sharr, jang 'sharre saff zoga d-soldati tezhi kir, purr mlele kir tazhi melya juani muhertha dit, paida kir machiq tili, amust subeta gadarel, Imnt- khalas ki'rin, pariq snel tamam kirin 360 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. fire(w.) nar atish atesh fire-place bukhari bukhari ojaq fire-wood tiatab hizam odun firing line e§-9aif el-awwal saff-i-auwal atesh safi, atesh firm thabit, qawi ustuwar, paya dar, muh- kam yeri - siqi fish (w.) semek, semech {sing, sem- cheh) mahi baliq flag beraq {pi. bayariq) bairaq bairaq flat 'adil, musattah hamwar, mu- diiz, yasi sattah flea burghuth {pi. baraghith) kak pire flee harab, yahrub gurikhtan, qachmaq or inhezem, guriz yenhezim fleet u^tul jihazat-i-jangi : donanma flesh lahm gusht et flock {n.) qatr galleh siiru flood {n. : see zod (overflow) sailab sel, feyezan also tide) floor ardhiyah zamTn dusheme,. daban flour tahin ard un flower warad {pi. wurud) gul chichek fly (n.) dhabanah {pi. dhabban) magas sinek fly {V.) tar, yatir paridan, par iichmaq fog dhabab meh duman, sis, pus follow tibi', yitba* *aqab raftan, arqasina gel- rau mek, ardina gelmek English. 6.ve{'n.) fire-place fire-wood firing line firm fish (n.) GLOSSARIES OF WORDS Armenian. Kurdish. 361 grag agir varraran biklieri varrelapayd hizh, chilka, dar gragi sahman arde sharr amour, bind zakhm rraq, qawi tzoug masi Syriac. nura biklieriye qaise, hatab duktha d-sharre khailana uunta flat flea {V.) troshag bairaq baidaq dapag, harth dasht, sawi shtiiia lou kaich peruana pakhil ravi *reqle fleet navadorm, dormigh flesh mis flock (n.) hod flood {n. : see heghegh, also tide) chrheghegh floor flour flower fly {n.) fly (v.) fog follow aliur dzaghig janj gosht tarsh, garan tufan, sar hadde ave 'ard ar, ard gul be^ra tarsha sel ar'a tkhuna warda, chuchag maish, muz didwa trrchel, trril ferrin tere mshoush, mar- mizh, tam khepiitha rakhough hedevel legal or lepa izelle bathre hatin 362 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic, Persian. TurJcish. food ekl, ta'am khurak yeyejek, yemek foot rijl {fl. rijul) ; qadam, pa ayaq; yayan qadam (on foot) (measure) footpath sikkah, darb rah-i-kSchak meslek, choban yolu for— li-khatir barayi -ichin {follow' ing word) for me li barayi-man benim-ichin for thee lek barayi-tu senin-ichin for him luh barayi-ii anin-ichin for her leha barayi -ii anin-ichin for us lena barayi-ma bizim-ichin for you lekum barayi-shuma sizin-ichin for them lehum barayi-ishan anlar-ichin forbid mena', yimna' qadaghan, qa- yasaq etmek. or naha, dagh or man' etme deyi yanha kardan, kun tenbih etmek ford {n.) makhadhah, mu'eber guzar-gah gechid forecastle gemi bashi qamarasi foreigner ejnabi ajnabi ejnebi forest ghabah, zor jangal, bisheh orman forget nesi, yinsa faramush kardan, kun onutmaq forgive *afa 'an, ya'fu bakhshidan, baghishlamaq, 'an bakhsh 'afv etmek fork chingal, shokah changal chatal formerly gabl, sabi'qan sabiqa sabiqa, evvelje fort qal'ah qal'a qal'e fortifications istihkamat hisar-ha istihkyamat fortify istahkam, istihkam istihkyam yastahkim dadan, deh etmek fortunate hadhidh nik-bakht bakhtyar GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 363 English. Armenian, Kurdish, Syriac. food snount, gera- khwarin, tesht ikhala gour foot vodq pe aqla footpath shavigh for — hamar bo,li ta, qa, li for me intz hamar bomin tali, qati for thee qez hamar bota talokb, qa tokh for him anor hamar bowi tale, qate for her anor hamar bowi talah, qata for us mez hamar boma talan for you tzez hamar bowa talaukhun for them anontz hamar bowan talaihi forbid arkilel haram kir muhrimle ford [n.) hegheghad, houn kedi borr, derbaz borre forecastle verin masn khelats navi foreigner odaragan Gharib, ya- banchl niikhraya forest andarr ghabah, tarrash ghabah forget morrnal zhbir chon nshele forgive nerel zhe bhurtin, 'af u kirdin shweqle fork padarrakagh, chatal changal chengala formerly gankhav paishin, barin b-qamaitha fort amrots qala, chapar sangar fortifications amroutiunq, pert amratsnel chapar chapare fortify istihkam kir muzkhimle fortunate pakhtavor khudan-bakht . mar gada 364 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. fowl dajajah murgh tawuq fox tha'lab {pi tha'alib) rubah tilki France Fransa Firanseh Fransa free {adj.) hurr azad ser-best free (gratis) ,bi-lash msi]ja.m {adj .) badi-hava freight (cargc ») himl bar-e kashti yiik freight nol kiraya nevl (charges) Frenchman Fransawi Fransawi Fransiz fresh jadid, tazi' tazeh taze Friday Yom el- jum'ah Jum'ah Jum'a giinii friendly muhibb diistaneh dost frighten khawwaf, yu- tarsanidan, qorqutmaq khawwif tarsan from — min az -dan {following the noun) from me minni az man ben-den from thee min nek az tu sen-den from him minnuh az u an-dan from her minha az u an-dan from us minna az ma biz-den from you minkum az shuma siz-den from them minhum az Tshan anlar-dan frontier hadd {pi. hudud) sar-hadd hudud frost jalid yakh qiraghi, don fruit thamar, fakihah {pi. fawakilj) miweh meive, yemish fuel fahm ; hatab sukhtani, odun, atesh (wood) himeh odunu full matrus pur dolu funeral jinazah janaza (or tadfin) jenaze funnel (of shit >) madkhanah dudkash baia GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 365 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. fowl hav mirrishk kthaitha fox aghves ruvi tela France Fransa Fransa Faransa free {adj.) azad aza, sarbast aza free (gratis) tzri, iokh balash, khurr; ai herwa freight (cargo) navou per bar tana d-gami freight navou vartzq masarif, haqq haqa d-tana (charges) [' navioun ' (Turkish)] Frenchman Fransatsi Faransawi Faransaya fresh tharm taza, nu, tarr khatha, tarra Friday Ourpath Aine, Jumah :6ruta friendly paregamagan bdostahi b-khiirutha frighten vakhtsnel tersandin muzdele from — {not in use se- parately) zh min from me intzme zhmin minni from thee kezme zhta minnokh from him anke, anorme zhwi minneh from her anke, anorme zhwl minnah from us mezme zhma minnan from you tzene zhwa minnaukhu from them anontsme zhwan minnaihi frontier sahman senur, sarhadd sinur frost yeghiam, sarr- namaniq jamid jalid, qaraziva fruit bdough mewah pere, t'unta, yekdana fuel varreliq full li, letsoun tizhi, ter milya funeral taghman jannaza, qabr. , tishmishta shin funnel (of ship) 366 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. further ab'ad durtar daha uzaq fuse {n.) fatilah {pi. fa- tayil) fatileh fetil gale zoba'ah, tufan, bad-i- firtina fortunah shadid gallop {v.) rakadh. char na'l dort na'al yarkudh or raftan gitmek tarad, yutarid garden bustan {pi. basatin) bagh baghche garrison muhafadhah sakhlu mustahfizin 'askeri gate bab {pi. ab- wab) darwazeh qapu gazelle ghazal {pi. ghazlan) ghazal jeyran gazette jaridah ruz-nama ghazeta gear gelding general generous gentle German Germany get get up (rise) ghee churgh es- sinun hisan mukhsi mushir, qa'id karim latlf Almani Almanya hassal, yuhas- sil gam, yagum dihn rakht, asbab bar-gir, akhteh sardar sakhi aletler, taqim idish at, beigir feriq, qoman- dan jumerd narm,mulayim mulayim Almani Aleman Alman yaftan, yab bar khastan, khiz ranghan Alemanya almaq, nail etmek, yetish- mek, qalqmaq dihn, yagh GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 367 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. further aveli, aveli durtir (dis- zoda herrou tance), galak tir, purtir (ir addition) I fuse (w.) baythoutsich gale potorig tiifan karapech, to- TkQnQ gallop (v.) qarrasmpakel bezandin UaiLicb mutrele garden bardez baghcha, bis- tan bagcha garrison bahaban zorq 'askare qala qarawul gate tarbas derga, dari tar'a gazelle vit asik, ghazal ghazala gazette Irakir (news- gazeta, rozh- gazeta paper) ; bash - nama donagan tsou - tsag (official list) gear sbasq, gaz- alat, khirrii- alitiatha madzq mirr gelding vortzad (nerqi- nialsial tzi) bargil bargila general zoravar sar'askar sar*askar generous vehantzn, ara mard, dilma- libba ptukha datzerrn zin, juamer gentle azniv narm, khwash nikha German Kermanatsi Almani Almnaya Germany Kermania Almanya Almanya get tserrq perel paida kirin mhu^elle meyi get up (rise) yelnel rabi qimle ghee yegh riin, kara qalandi mishkha 368 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian, Turhish. girl bint (pi. banat) dukhtar qiz girth bat an tang qolan give a'ta, yu'ti ; anta; yanti dadan, deh vermek give in istaslam, taslim teslim-olmaq (surrender) yastaslim shudan, shau glad farhan, masrur khush-hal memniin glass (of win- • jam shisha jam dow) glass (for glas, shushah piyaleh qadeh drinking) gloves kufuf (sing. keff) rah, yaruh ; dastkash-ha eldiven go- raftan, rau gitmek safar, yusafir (on a jour- ney) go away rah rawaneh gitmek (in fin.) shudan, shau go away ruh, emshi bi-ro, gum- git, qach (imper.) shau go in dakhal, yid- dakhil shu- icheri-gitmek, khal dan, shau girmek go out kharaj, yakh- birun raftan, chiqmaq ruj rau go (of machine)mesha, yimshi kar kardan ishlemek goat tes (he-goat) ; *anzah (she- goat) : ma'az (collect.) buz kechi God Allah Khuda Allah gold dheheb zar, tala altun good tayyib, zen khub eyi, giizel good-bye (to fi aman Allah Khuda hafiz allaha 'smar- friend depart - or ma* a 's- ladiq ing) selameh GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 369 English. girl girth give give in glad Armenian. aghcliig pog, gab dal antznadour linel ourakh glass (of win- abagi(badou- dow) hani) glass (for pazhag drinking) gloves tzerrnots go— yertal Kurdish. kicb, kanishk bartang dan taslim kir dilkbwash, shad shusha, jam tarar, shiishah lapik, shelik chon Syriac. brata tanga iwelle, yawel msulemle p^ikha, khadia shusha kasa bra'idhatha, lapikkatha izelle go away (infin.) go away (imper.) go in go out herranal zhdarva chon npiqle kna ! heratsir ! birau, harra, pliit darkava ners yertal hatindare iwere tours yertal chonzhdar go (of machine) knal, sharzhil, chun yertal, megnil goat aydz bizin npiqle baraye palikh God Asdvadz gold vosgi good pari Khuda, Khude Alaha zer dahwa chaka, basha, tawa, randa qanj good-bye (to mnas parov bakhaterata push b-shayna friend depart- (swgr.), mnak ing) parov (;)Z.), A a 370 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian, Turkish. (reply) Allah yessel- limek or Allah yibfadhak oghurlar olsun goose wazzah, battah qaz qaz govern liakam 'ala, hukumat yahkam kardan idare etmek government hakumah daulat hukumet governor's idarat el- mahall-i-huku - qonaq office hukumah mat grain (corn) habubat, ta*am ghalla boghdai grapes 'anab angur uzum grass hashish giyah 6t grateful shakir,mimnur I haqq-shinas, shakur miiteshekkir grease («.) dihn charbi yagh great *adhim buzurg biiyiik greatcoat palto, *aba (of Arab) bala pushi qapot, palto greedy tamma* haris, azmand ach-gozlii green akhdhar sabz yeshil greet sellem 'ala, tahiyeh kar- selam-vermek yusellim 'ala dan, kun or sa lam kardan, kun grey eshheb, ramadi khakistari kir, boz, gumu- shii ] greyhound salugi tazi tazi grocer baqqal baqqal baqqal groom sais {pi. sayyas) mehtar se'is ground {n.) ardh,ga' zamin yer (run agrouD d) sheleh, yish- bi-rigrandan • oturmaq lah (trans.), bi-rig khurdan ^ {intrans.) l GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 371 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. (reply) yertas parov (sing.), yertaq parov (pi.) goose sak qaz, sona qaza govern ishkliel, gara- varel hukm kirin mhakim government garavaroutiun hukiimat hukma governor's garravar- sarai sarai ojeace chadoun grain (corn) tsoren (i. e. wheat) ; serm dan, dindik dakhla (i.e.seed);meg had (i.e. one grain) grapes khaghogh tiri 'inwi grass khot gia gilla grateful yerakhtaked shekerdar shakara grease (n.) jarb chaor, qalao mishkha great medz mazin, gaura rraba greatcoat hasd verargou sako, aba 'abayah, sako greedy shadager, dza- gachq tamakar kisana green ganach shin, kask yariiqa greet parevel, vogh- salam da drele shlama chounel . grey korsh, mokhra koyn (grey- coloured) - boz, spi gora, khwara greyhound vorsi shoun tazhi tazi grocer nbaravadjar baqal buqal groom tziaban mihtar, saiyis metar ground {n.) kedin, yergir ard ar*a (run agrouB d) khradz, god- gami la-akh radz katin A a 372 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. grow (raise) zara*, yisra' ruyanidan cliiqarmaq, ek mek (sow) guard (n.) haris, natui qaravul qavas, bekji guide {n.) dalil rahbar qulawuz {pron qla-uz), yol gosteriji guide {v.) hada, yahdi or rahnuma'i, yol gostermek, dell, yadill kardan, kun delalet etmek guilty mudhnib muqassir qabaliatli gulf khalij khallj korfez gun (cannon) madfa' {pi. tup top madafi') or top {pi. atwap) gun (machine) rashshash tiip-e musalsal mitralyuz gunboat gunner gunpowder gypsum ghanbot topchi {pi. tUpclii topchiyah) barud barut juss abak ghanbot topji barut had (I) hail {n.) hair hairdresser half halt (v) halt {imper.) halter {n.) hammer {n.) hammer {v.) kan *andi halub sha'r muzeyyin nuss wagaf, yogif ogaf reshmah matraqah daqq, yaduqq dashtam tagai g, tagar mui salmani nisf wa istadan, ist bi-ist afsar chakush benim (bende) varidi dolu sach muzeyin yarim, yari, buchuq durmaq dur yular chekij kubidan, kiib chaqmaq GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 373 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. glow (raise) hastsnel, medz- hishinanin, mamti tsnel ruanin {trans.), his- hin boin {intrans.) I guard (n.) bahnert, baha- paswan, qa- natrana ban ranil guide {n.) arrachnort, oughetsujrts dalil, sharazai dam guide (v.) arrachnortel rria nishan da mukhzele urkha guilty hantsavor gunahkar gunahkar gulf dzots, khorsh gun (cannon) thntanot top top gun (machine] meqenagan top khudan topang lAashi- hratsan charkh naya gunboat thntanotanav gunner thntatzik topchi topchi gunpowder varrot darman, borud tiza, darman gypsum pourr, kadj ; alchi (Turk- ish) gaij, jas gech had (I) ounetsadz hain (v.), min ithwali ha-bii (I had) hail gargoud tairk, zipek bardha hair maz mu, par mezze hairdresser saprich muzayyin muqritana d-mizta half ges niv pelga halt {v.) gank arrnel rawastan, dainan mutule, klele halt {imper.) getsir rawusta, be sakkina kli, (pi.) klimuu halter (n.) tzion gab liafsar niikhta hammer {n.) mourj chakuch chakuch hammer (v.) tarpnel daq kir mduqiqle 374 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. hand yed or id (p?. edi) dast el hand grenade qumbalat el- khumpare-yi- el-qumbarasi ved (pZ.qana- dast bil el-yed) handkerchief kefiyah, mendil dastmal mendil hang up 'allaq. awikhtan, asmaq yu'alliq awiz happy farhan kamran mesrur harbour mina {pi. ma- wani), banda] bandar liman hard qawi sakht, sift sert, qati harlot gahbah junda rospi, fahishe harvest {n.) hasad (season); dirau ; hasil mahsul (crop); hasil (pro- (crop) bichim vaqiti • duce) (season) hastily bil-^ajel shit ab ana ajele ile hat shefqah kulah shapqa hate (v.) kereh, yikrah karahiyat *adavet etmek, kardan, ikrah etmek, kun sevmemek have — {pronominal dashtan, dar {pronominal suffix added suffix added to preposition to the thing ' and, meaning possessed. *with') followed by yar) 1 have *andi daram -im var thou hast 'andek dari -in var he has *anduh darad -i {or si), var she has 'andeha darad -i (or si), var we have *andena darim -imiz var you have 'andekum darid -iniz var they have 'andehum darand -leri (or lari) have not ma 'andi, &c. na-dashtan. var yoq {used like na-dar var) GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 375 English. hand hand grenade handkerchief hang up happy harbour hard harlot harvest (n.) hastily hat hate (v.) have — Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. tzerq dast idha tzerrqi rroump, rrmpag tashkinag dasmal, kafiya yalikhta gakhel halawistin, . tlele awiz kir ourakh, zvart, khwosh, dil- khadiya yerchanig sevik navahankisd mina gardzr sakht, rraq qeshya, sart hanragin, tsop qahba zanita Cpoz', vulgar) hountzq, arti- hasad, khar- khizda unq man, dirun shoudov, adja- blazzi jeldi baranoq klkharg barnaita, klao kiisita franji adel waki dizhmin snele girt ounenal {use 'prep. ith) I have ounim min haya itti, ith 11 thou hast ounis ta haya ittokh he has ouni au haya itte she has ouni au haya ittah we have ouninq ma haya ittan you have ouniq wa haya ittaukhu they have ounin wan haya ittai, ithlhun lave not ch'ounenal min nina, &c latti 376 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. have you ? *andek ? aya mi-darid ? -iniz var-mi ? hay qishsh, tibn giyah-i- quru ot khushkburma he hua u head ra's [fl. ru'us) sar bash headache waja' ra's dard-i-sar bash aghrisi headland ra's {fl. ru'us) ras burun head-quarters markaz markaz-i- ordu merkezi sipah-salar healthy heap {n.) heap up hear heart heat (v.) heat (n.) heavy hell helm help (v.) help [n.) her herd {n.) here hide {trans.) hide {intrans. high saghlam muta'afi, sahi tandurust, chagh komah tiideh yighin kawwam, tudeh kardan, yighmaq yukawwim kun semi*, yisma' shunidan, ishitmek shunau qalb {pi. dil yiirek, giiniil qulub) ahma, yuhmi garm kardan, isitmaq kun harr, hararah garma hararet, sijaq thaqil sangin aghir jahennam diizakh jihennem sakkan sukkan dumen sa'ad, yusa'id madad dadan, yardim-etmek deh musa'adah yawari yardim -eha, -ha, -a ona {suffix) qatr galleh siirii hina inja buraya, burada akhfa, yukhfi panhan kar- saqlamaq, dan, kun gizlemek ikhtafa, yakh- panhan saqlanmaq, tafi shudan, shau gizlenmek 'all buland yiikjsek GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 377 English. have you ? hay he head headache headland head-quarters healthy heap {n.) heap up hear heart heat {v.) heat {n.) heavy hell helm help {v.) help {n.) her herd {n.) here hide {trans.) hide {intrans.) high Armenian Kurdish. ouniq ? ouniq ta haya ? touq? khod gia, ka Syriac. gallo ittokh ? ith lakun ? tuna, gila awa, o resha mara d-resha an, aniga o kloukh sar klkhatsav darde sar sar, saravant shakh, halat romta sbayaguydi vayr, zorad- deghi arroghj sakh, saghlam saghlam, sakh tez, guyd shkerr kumah, shkerra tizel, goudagel sar da, takwim mkuwimle kir behistin Isel sird dagtsnel dagutiun dzanr tzhokhq. glieg oknel oknoutiun anor nakhir hos, asd thaqtsunel, dzadzgel thaqchil, dzadzgvil partzr dil garm kir garm giran jehannam, duzha hari da hari, yari garan, ran harah, era washartin bilind shmele libba mushkhenne khemma yaqura gihena 'inne, mheyir 'aun -ah (suffix) buqra akha, lakha mtushele tshele rrama 378 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. highroad darb sultan i, rah, shah-rah jadde (yol) tariq high water medd el-moi madd-i-darya, meddi kyamil, deniz qabar- masi hill tell {pi. tulul) kuh, tappeh tepe hillock tell saghir kuh-i-kuchak tepejik, hiiyiik hilly dhat tulul past u buland inishli- yoqushlu him -uh, -hu (suffix) u-ra, -ash ona {dat.), (suffix) onu (ace.) himself nefsuh khudash kendi hinder mena', man'kardan, braqmamaq, yimna' kun mani' olmaq hire (n.) karwah kiraya qira his -uh,-h\i (suffix) y -i-vi,-Sish(suffix) onun maluh hit (v.) dharab, ya- zadan, zan vurmaq dhrab (strike) ; (strike) ; sab, yasib (of deimek (of mark) . mark) hither ila hina bi-inja biiraya hobbles (n.) *iqal pa-band hold (v.) mesek, yim- giriftan, gir tutmaq, yiqala- sak maq hold (contain) wasa', yasa* gunjayish almaq; sigh- dashtan, dar maq (to be contained) hold (a posi- hama, yuhami nigah dashtan, tiitmaq tion) dar hold out dam, yadiim mudawamat dayanmaq kardan, kun hold (of ship) *ambar ambar-ekashti, anbar (n.) khan-e kashti GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 379 English. Armenian. Kurdish Syriac highroad arahed, arqouni jampa rria, shahri urkha highwater maguntatsou- tiun (partzr choiirn) hill plour girik, harda, chia tella, rumta hillock plrag hilly plrayin khudan chia qaraj him zaniga {ace), anor {dat.) au awa, -h {suifix) himself noyninqn, inr( ni n bekhwa ganeh hinder ixiu mix khapanel, man' kir mni'le arkelq linel • hire {n.) vartzel, gashar rel kira, kire ^ keri his anor wi diye, -h {suffix) hit {v.) zarnel leda, lekhest qUile hither ays degh Ihara, lera lakha hobbles in,) vodnaeab kuba Mtwe (tziou) hold {v.) prrnel hold (contain) barounagel girtin erele, dawiq hold (a posi- kravel mhumele tion) hold out timanal, dogal thabat kir, msubere, dimle dast girt hold (of ship) bahateghi ambar gami in.) ^ These two words should be well pronounced in order to avoid the use of a bad word ; the way to do it is to skip over i and to stress a or e. 380 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. hole nugrah {pi. nugar) surakh delik honest sadiq, amin durust-kar, amm doghru honour {n.) namus, sharf ; abru shan, sheref, ikram (re- namus spect) / hook chingal {pi. chanagil) ; shuss (fish hook) qullab chengel hope {n.) rija, eml umid iimid hope {v.) raja, yarju umid dashtan dar , iimid etmek horse husan (2??. husn) asp at horseman khayyal suvar atli horseshoe na'al na'l na'al, at deniiri hospital musteshfa, bimar-khaneh khasta-khane khastakhanah hostile mudhadd, dhudd dushman diishmen hot harr (of things or weather) ; mushawwib (of persons) garm sijaq hour sa'ah sa'at sa'at house bet(pZ.buyut), hosh khaneh ev, khane how shlon, shqad che taur nasi how much shqadr ; besh cheh qadar ne qadar ; qach (of price) (of price) how many kam chand qach tane hull (of ship) jised tana tekne hungry jo'an gurasneh ach hurry {n.) 'ajalah 'ajaleh 'ajele hurry (v.) ista 'jal, yas- dast-pacheh shudan, shau 'ajele etmek ta 'jil husband zoj shauhar qoja, erkek GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 381 Armenian. dzag bargeshd Kurdish. kuna Syriac. nuqba rast, dilpak kena, dus badiv, medza- iiamus, awru qudra ranq (chastity) ; qadr, iqbal (dignity) jang, gerr changal, qullaf qullaba buys emud, hivi emud, hiwi housai emud or raja itte emud (' he kir has hope ') tzi hasp susa tziavor suwar, khayyal rakawa bayd, bayd nal na'la . tziou hivantanots khastakhana, niaristan hakunkhana tsbnamagan dizhmen, nayar dizhmen daq (water) ; garm khamima doth (air) zham sa'at sa'at, shetha doun mal, khani baitha how inchbes, inchou how much vorchap how many vorqan, qani hull (of ship) navou marmin anothi shdab, shoud pouthal, shdabel amousin chawa, kusa, dakhi chlun chand, chitof k-ma chand, chitof k-ma tanae gami bersi kpina lazi, 'ajalah 'ajalah lazi or 'ajalah mqulqille kir mer, shu gaura 382 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English, hut I ice if ignorant ill • illness immediately impossible imprison impudent in inconvenient increase (trans.) increase (intrans.) India Indian indigestion infantry- infectious infidel (i.e. non-Moslem) inform Arabic, Persian. Turkish. sarifah (of kappar, kap- qulube mats) par-e hasir- push ana man ben thelj yakh buz idha, in agar eyer jahil jahil, na-dan jahil, ma'lu- matsiz maridh, waj'an na-khush kbasta, keif- siz maradh, waj' na-khushi, khastaliq bimari hessa, bis- fauri der'aqab sa*ah I muhall, musta- ghair mumkin olmaz, mumkin hil or mustahil deyil habas, yahbis habs kardan, habs etmek, kun babsa atmaq waqih shukh, bi- edebsiz, kiis- sbarm takh fi, bi dar -da {suffix) mu muwafiq na-munasib miinasibetsiz, sikindili zad, yazid afzudan, afza artirmaq, cho- ghaltmaq izdad, yazdad afzudan, afza artmaq, cho- ghalmaq Bilad el-Hind Hindustan Hindustan Hindi Hindi Hindli tukbmah, jali sii-i-liazm su'i bazm piyadah sari, mu'di sarbaz-i- piyadeh sari piyade 'asker bulashiq (per- son) ; sari (disease) giaur kafir (pi. kuf- kafir far) akbbar, khabar dadan, bildirmek yukhbir deh GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 383 English, Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac, hut dnag kepir, qaprana qiiprana I ice if ignorant ill illness immediately impossible imprison impudent in inconvenient increase {trans.) increase {intrans.) India Indian indigestion infantry infectious yes sarouts, sarr yethe dked, anous hivant hivandoutiun anmichabes, isguyn angareli pandargel lirp, anzkam i, mech anharmar shadtsnel shadnal Hndgastan Hndig anmarsoghou- tiun hedevag, hede- vagazor varagich az, min bafr, sahul agar, haka nazan nasakh nasakhi, esh zujblaz (quick- ly) ; warina, herista nabi, nawu, ghair mumkin bapis kir, dii- sakh kir behaya niv, nao na munasib ziada kir zaid or galak or mazin bii Hindustan Hindi payada sari ana gdila in nazani, jabil kriha, mari'a kurhana, mar'a • alba'al la baraya, na-mumkin hbesle d-la nekhpa b-go, b-gav, b- {prefix) la munasib miizedle zidle Hind Hindwaya paiyada matepiana, sari infidel inform anoren, anha- kafir, gawir, kapura vad be-din imatsnel khabar da mukhbere 384 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. information in front in front of in future ink inlet inn innocent insane inside inspect inspector instruction Arabic. khabr quddam, quddam, fil-mustaqbil hibr khalij saghlr khan {pi. khanat) beri ma j nun dakhil, jowa fettesb, yu- fettish mufettish ta'lim Persian. ittila* pish pish-i- dar ayandeh murakkab khalij -i- kuchak karvan-sara}^ bi-gunah divana Turkish. khaber ileri on ( + suffix) de bundan sonra, atida miirekkeb aghiz, boghaz, qoi khan qabahatsiz, ma'siim deli andarun, dar ichinde mulahaza kar- yoqlamaq dan ; naza- rat kardan (in sense of * superintend') nazir mufettish, yoq- lamaji tarbiyat ta'lim insult {v.) insult (n.) Intelligence Department intelligent intend interpret interpreter ahan, yuhin ihanah Dayirat el- mukhabarat 'aqil qasad, yaqsad or nawa, yanwi terjam, yuter- jim tarjuman ihaneh kar- haqaret etmek dan, kun ihaneh haqaret idara-ye akh- Dayirat el- bar mukhabarat hushdar, 'aqil 'aqlli niyyat kardan, niyyet( + sujfix) kun var tarjumeh terjume etmek kardan, kun mutarjim terjuman GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 385 English. information in front in front of in future ink inlet inn innocent insane inside inspect Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. deghegoutiun, khabor khabra dzanotoutiun arrchev peshin qamaya arrchev pesh qam abakayin pashe b-zauna d-athe melan hober, muraken bidyuta moudq, kborsh bantog, ichevan anmegh khan beguna, be- qusur din, be-'aql kban kena, d-la gnaba shidana kbent, khela kar i nersn, nersn niv, nao gawaye qnnel, znnel mulahadha or msakbsi mushahada kirin inspector instruction insult {v.) insult [n.) Intelligence Department intelligent intend interpret interpreter MES. I desoucb, vera- gatsou telatroutiun, hramandvou- tiun anarkel, nakbadel nakbading Dzanotoutiun- neri Basbdo- na ran ousbim, kbelatsi mdatrvil, gamenal tarkmanel tarkman nazir, mufat- tisb ifada, ta'Iim, tanbib kbabarr got dizbminai, kbabarr khabar kbana msakbsana malpanutba mgu'ere sa'ore mansab d-du- rasba aqil, tezbfam 'aqil, baunana b'ele kbwast, ma- ram kir terzumani kir tarjuman b mpusbiqle tarjaman 386 interview (n.) into intrigue (n.) inundation invasion invent investigation GLOSSARIES OF WORDS Arabic. Persian. Turkish. muwajahah mulaqat fi, ila dar dakhil daslsah dasisa feyadhan (overflow) dukhul sailab goriishme ichine fessad su basmasi hujum, takht- tejavuz u taz ikhtara', yakh- ikhtira' ijad etmek tari' namudan, numa teftish tahqiq teftish mvite iron {n.) iron {adj.) irrigate island is there ? it {nom.) it (ace.) its jackal jacket jam January jetty Jew da'a, yad'u or 'azzam, yu'azzim hadid min hadid saqa, yasqi jazirah {pi. jaza'ir) aku? liua,huwa,hiya -uh, -ha (-a) {suffix) -uh, -ha (-a) {suffix) wawi {pl.wsLwi' yah) sitrah (Turkish) marabba Kanun eth- thani eskelah Yahudi {pi. Yahud) da'wat kardan, da 'vet etmek kun or mih- man kardan, kun ahan demir ahanln demirden ab dadan, deh sulamaq jazireh hast ? an -i-an {suffix) shughal nimtana ada bulunur-mu ? var-mi ? 0, ol onu onun chaqal setri, mintan murabba rechel, tatli Kanun-as-sani Kyanun-i-sani iskaleh Yahudi iskele Yahudi GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 387 English. Armenian. Kurdish. interview [n.) desagtsoutiiin mulaqat niv, la fasadi, kaid into i, i nerks intrigue (w.) meqenayou- tiun, tav inundation invasion invent Syriac. tpaqta b-, 1- {'prefix) qola sel voghoghel, tufan, saile heghegel ave arshavanq hujum, kharat, wirta azhutin hnarel dit - khzele/ewedhle ikhtira* investigation khouzargou- tahqiq, pe msakhsayta tiun, qnnou- hilandine tiun invite hravirel dawat kir, mkuremle, gazi kir qrele iron (n.) iron {adj.) irrigate island is there ? it {nom.) it {ace.) its jackal jacket jam January yergat yergatia vorrokel gghzi ayn ad lur asm av da jazirali ga artiog ? haya ! jetty Jew shnakayl badmoudjan jam, mouraba Hounvar navamaduyts Hria au -wi {suffix) chaqal satra, elakk, qutikk, shapikk murabba Kanune sani askalah Juhi prezla d-prezla miishqele jazirah, ada gallo ith ? awa, aya -eh, -ah {suffix) wawi, toritha gudda murabba Kanun kharaya askalah Hudhaya B b2 388 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. jewel johar {pi. jawahir) gauhar mujevherat job shughl {pi. ashghal) shughl ish giij joiner najjar najjar doghramaji journey sefer safar sefer, yoljuluq joyful masriir farahnak mesrur judge (v.) hakam, yah- davari kardan muhakeme kam etmek (civil, n.) ra'is mah- kamah qazi hakim (religious, n.) qadhi mujtahid mufti jug ibriq aftabeh, kuzeh desti July Tammuz Tammuz Temmiiz jump (v.) qafaz, yaqfiz jastan, jeh atlamaq ornatt,yanutt June Hazlran Haziran Haziran jungle ghabah jangal, bisheh ormanliq justice 'adl, insaf 'adl, insaf doghruluq, (equity) huquq jute jinfas kattan-e hindi {or qunnab-e hindi) i jinfas keel ka'ab el^ markab omurgha keep khalla 'and, nigah dashtan , saqlamaq yukhalli 'and dar or hafadh, yahfadh kettle ketli, jidr ab-garm-kun, kitri qazan, ibriq key miftah kilid anakhtar kick {v.) refes, yirfus lakad zadan, tepmek, tekme zan atmaq kid jedi buzghaleh oghlaq kill qatal, yaqtul ; kushtan, kush ofdiirmek, dhebeh, kesmek yidhbah GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 389 English. jewel job joiner journey joyful " judge {v.) (civil, n.) (religious, jug July jump {v.) June jungle justice jute keel keep Armenian. Kurdish. kohar, badva- jauhar, zinat gan qar kordz, zpag- shol, kar houm adaghtzakordz najjar janportoutiun safar tsndzalits, shad, dil- ourakh shad tadel hiukm kirin Syriac. kip a d-shapaqta shula nujar safar marl khadiitha 'awid diwan tadavor liakim, qazi n.) gronagan tada- qazT vor gouzh Houlis tsadgel, vosdnoul Hounis andarr artaroutiun ganep (hemp) kok, hadag navi bahel qadi talma, danta Tamuz shwerc' ibriq, avtan Tammuz banz da, jenqin Kheziran Hziran ghabah, jangal ghabah, tar- rashe 'adalat kenutha, in^af qinnab, giae sultan girtin ntere kettle san, bdoug qazan, tenjur destitha, maqlc key panali kil-ila qdhila kick {v.) qatsi dal, aqatsel pe le dan mkhel6 rapse kid oul kar gidhya kill spanel klishtin qtille 390 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. kiln kurah kura-ye ajur ojaq kind {adj.) latif mihraban eyi, insaniyetli kind (n.) jins {pi. ajnas) nau* nev', turlu, jins melik {pi. shall qral muliik) memlekali {pi. mamlakat memleket mamalik) bas, yabus mach kardan opmek king kingdom kiss {v.) kit (soldiers') aghradh {pi.) asbab esbya kitchen knapsack knee knife matbakh ashpaz-kbaneh matbakh, ash khane torbah asbab-dan {or chanta chanta) zanu diz rukbah {pi. rukiib) sikkin {pi. sakakin) knife (pen- chakuch, knife) qalam trash knock (at door, daqq, yaduqq kubidan, dar chalmaq V.) zadan chaqu, kard bichaq qalem trash knot (distance) mil {pi. amyal) mil mil, deniz mili know 'araf, ya'rif, danistan, dan bilmek Kurdistan dere, yidri Kurdistan Kurdistan Kurdistan lack {v.) az, ya'iiz kam shudan, shau eksik olmaq (to be de- * ladder derej narduban ficient) ; lazim olmaq (to be necessary) merdiven lady khatun, sitt khanum hanem, khatun lake lamb buherah, hor daryacheh gol tali(pZ.tu]yan) barreh quzu GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 391 English. kiln kind {adj.) kind (n.) king kingdom kiss (v.) kit (soldiers') kitchen knapsack knee knife Armenian. pourr pari takavor takavoroutiun hampourel, baknel barg (zinvorits) khohanots makbagh dzoung tanag, zmeli Kurdish. kur, tannur dils 6z, hebbi jins sultan, kbum- kar daulat, mam- lakat mach kirin, bosa kirin asbab, teshte 'askar matbakh, ash- khanah cheltik zbnu, kodk, zrani kerek Syriac. kiira mrahmana ginsa malka dawelta, mal- kiitha nasbiq chaki matbakh janta birka skina knock (at door, zarnel (toure) daqq al-bab mtaptip V.) kirin, la- darga daqq kirin knot (distance) mghon know kidnal zanin idhele, yadhe Kurdistan Kurdistan Kurdistan Kurdistan lack {v.) bagasil, nvazil bhauja bu sniqle ladder lady santoukh digin stair, paizha, simalta ; )ilakan khatun, kha- khanim lake lamb karrn nim bahr yama barkh barkha 392 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turlish. lame a'raj lang topal (man) ; aqsiyor (horse) lamp fanus, lampah chiragh lampa, qandil lance rumh {pi. armah) naizeh mizraq land (n.) ardh, ga' zamm qara (opp. to sea) ; memle- ket (country) ; arazi (lands) land {v.) nezzel, yunezzil bi-khushki bi- qaraya chiq- {trans.), nezel , runavardan armaq(«ra»i5.), yinzal {in- {trans.), qaraya chiq- trans.) bi-kanar ama dar {intrans.) L- maq {intrans.) landing party tali'in 'al-barr qaraya chiqan taqim landlord (land) mallak malik-e amlak miilk sahibi (of house) sahib malik-e khana . ev sahibi language lisan, lughah lughat, zaban dil, lisan lantern fanus {pi. fa warns) fanus fener large kabir buzurg biiyiik last akhir ; madhi akhir, wa-pa- son (in a series); (of time) sin gechen late muta'akhkhir, mubti dir gech laugh {v.) dhahak. khandidan. giilmek yadhhak khand laundry maghsal rakht-shii chamashir- (place) ; hu- khana khane dum el-ghasil (linen) law qanun {pi. qawanin) qaniin qanun martial law hukm 'askari qanun-e jangi idareyi urfiye law suit da'wa murafa'a da'va lay (place, put) hatt, yahutt guzashtan, qomaq, guzar yatirmaq GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 393 English. lame lamp lance land {n.) Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. gagh leng, kuUak shilla lapter, lampa cliira, lampa lampa nizag rumm, ram rumha tsamaq, yergir 'ard ar'a, yaushana land (v.) tsamaq yellel la-*ard hatin shari'ul or darbaz boin landing party tsamaq elnogb khoump landlord (land) galvadzader agha, sahib agha mulk (of house) language lantern dander lezou labder khudane mal mara bayta ziman, azman lishana fanus, fanar panhar large last khoshorj medz verchin mazin, gaura raba pashe, akhir kharraya late oush drang laugh {v.) khndal kani gkhekle laundry Ivatsaran shushta-khana^maseta d-juli julsho-khana law orenq qanun qanona martial law zinvoragan hukme'askari, shar'at qoshu- orenq qanune harb naya lawsuit -tad da'wa sher lay (place, put) tnel, barrgets- dainand^ hela mutiile nel 394 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. lazy lead (metal adj.) lead (metal, ».) ra^a? Arabic. Persian. keslaD, tembil sust, tambal min ra§a§a surbi surb Turkish. tembel qurshun qursbun lead {v.) qad, yaqiid rah-numa'i getirmek, ileri kardan, kun diishmek leaf warqah {pi. barg yapraq (tree) ; awraq) varaq (book) leak (n.) naqb, rasheh siirakh delik lean {adj.) dha'if, nahif laghar za'if, jiliz learn ta'allam, amukhtan, orenmek yata'allam amuz lease {n.) muddat el- ijar ; warqat el-ijar yarah ijar leather iild charm, pust meshin leave (wimns.) rah, yaruh . . . -den chiqmaq braqmaq, leave {trans.) tarak, yitruk guzashtan, guzar terk etmek leech 'alaqah {pi. 'alaq), duda {pi. dud) zalu suluk left {adj.) shimal, yisar chap sol leg rijl pa, saq ayaq, bajaq Legation {or Sifarah saf arat, saf a- sefaret (khane) Residency) rat-khana leisurely 'alakef bi-faraghat yavash yavash lend deyyan, qarz dadan, odiinj vermek yudeyyin deh or 'ariyel: I or agradh. dadan, deh yugridh GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 395 I English. Armenian. lazy dzuyl lead (metal, gabaria adj.) lead (metal; w.) gabar (metal) hramanada- Kurdish. Syriac. tembal kislan qia, ziriji, surb min ri§a§ risa§ lead {v.) leaf routiun, arrachnor- toutium (of army) varel, arrach- pesh girtin, mukhwele nortel ria nishan da urkha derev; tought chlu, pak, terpa leak {n.) lean {adj.) learn (folio) jeghqvatsq, dzag nihar sorvil barak (tree) waraq, kak- haz (paper) kuna, kunn larr, razhi dasgirtin nuqba daqiqa, za'if ileple, yalep lease {n.) vartzoum kiri, kire, ta'jir hiijat leather gashi leave (m^raws.) mnal . charm helan gilda shweqle, trekle leave {trans.) thoghoul leech dzroug ziiri, dizruk 'alaq, zuruwa left tzakh leg srounq, vot Legation {or Tesbanadiun Residency) leisurely gamatsoren, hankistoren lend pokh dal, shnorhel chap chappe pe, saq shaqa, aqla Saf aratkhana, elchi khana llchikhana btanai bdain da, bqarz da nikha mduyenne (money) ; iwelle (general) 396 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. length till dirazi boi, uzunluq less aqall, naqi? kamtar daha az, -dan az letter maktiib {pi. maktiib, mektiib makatib). nameh risalah {pi. rasa'il) lettuce khess kahii marul level (adj.) ' adil (ground) ; musattah, diiz (of ground); mutasawi hamwar doghru (even) liberty hurriyah azadi huriyet, azadliq lie (down) istalga, waga' : ; diraz kashi- yatmaq nam, yanam dan, kash (rest on bed) lie (to tell a) kedheb, duriigh guftan I, yalan soilemek vikdhab ga lie {n.) kidhb duriigh yalan lieutenant mulazim mulazim miilazim life 'umr, hayat zindagT, hayat hayat life-belt hizam en- kamarband-i- yiizmeye najat najat makhsiis kemer, jan qurturan kemer Uft shal, yashil, bar dashtan, qaldirmaq rafa*, yarfa' dar light (kindle, i i;.)sha'al, yish*al ranshan kardan yaqmaq (of sun, n.) niir ranshanayi nur, ishiq light (of khafif subuk khafif weight) lighter (n.) diibah, chayah maghiina lightning barq barq shimshek lights adhwa (e. g. of chiragh fenerler, siliyon ship) ; anwar (of ship) like (v.) habb, yahibb diist dashtan sevmek GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 397 English. length less letter Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. yergaynoutiun drezhi yerkhutha nvaz kemter besh qi^^a namag kaghad, mektub kthawa !ettuce level {adj.) liberty lie (down) lie (to tell a) lie {n.) lieutenant life life-belt bazar, marol khass, kahu kahi hart, havasar rast shtiha, rast azadoutiun barrgil sdel, soud khosel soud deghagal gianq gensakodi hurriyat, azai azadiitha rra keutin, ne- shtehle westin drau kir drau, dru zhi, 'umr mdugille dugla mulazim khaye lift partsratsnel, grel light (kindle v.)varrel, lousa- vorel (of sun, n.) arev light (of weight) lighter _ lightning lights like (v.) thethev lasd, navag perrnagir gaydzag jrak ouzel, havnil, tsangal helanin, bar muremle girtin agir kirin, agir mtape dan, dagir- standin rozhnai, ruh- bahra nai silk, sevekk qalula birusk, shim- berqa arta ruhnai, rozh- behra nai khwastin keba'yi 398 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish, like (similar mithl misl-e benzer to) like this hichi in-taur bu gibi lime (material) juss ahak kirej" limit hadd {pi. hudud) hadd hadd, kenar limp {v.) 'araj, ya'raj langidan, lang topallamaq line khatt {vl- khu- satr khatt, chizgi ; m) ; safi {pi. saf (row) ; sufiif) (row) ; khalat (rope) habl (rope) lip shifah {dual. shifaten) lab dudaq liquorice sus sus sus list qayimah fehrist defter (of ship) mel mail namii- egilme dan-e kashti L bi-tarafi listen istema', yes- gush dadan, dinlemek temi' deh little (of qalil {adj.) ; kam az {adv.); bur quantity) sheweya {n.) az(ri.);kiichiik, ufaq {adj.) live (exist) *ash, ya'ish zindagam kardan, kun yashamaq live (dwell) seken, yiskun or manzil dash- oturmaq, qa'ad, yaq'a tan, dar muqim olmaq lively nashit khush tab' janli liver kebid ;igar qara-jiger load {v.) hammal, 3ar kardan, yiiklemek yuhiammil kun load (n.) himl bar yiik, hamule load (a gun) teres, yitras )ur kardan, cun mahalli doldurmaq local mahalli yerli GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 399 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. like (similar hamanman, waki!, waki, mdamiya to) nman, bes wak, minana like this asor bes, asor wak vi, wak av akb-d-aha nman lime (material) gir ahik, gach kilsha limit sahman iiadd, senur liadd, tkhtima limp {v.) gaghal kulak bu, shil mkiilekle line kidz uu. rez reza lip liquorice list (of ship) shourtn {pi. shrtounq) madoudag, maroukh tsoutsag dzril lev, liw siptha - sus, mahik daftar, jad- sidra wal, siahi mail gami, tamayul gami listen Isel •giihdarin, mu§ithle little (of quantity) sagav, sagavathiv hendek, pe- chak zora, qi§sa live abril zhin khele live (dwell) lively liver load {v.) pnagil gaydarr, arruyk liart perrtsnel manzil kir, sakin bu chaspan jerk 3ar kir skenne kashshira kauda mutenne load {n.) load (a gun) local perr Itsnel deghagan bar girtin, darman da watani, ma- halli tena mdurmenne qurbabi 400 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian Turkish. lock (n.) lock {v.) qufl qaffal, yuqaffil qufl qufl zadan, killd kilidlemek locomotive locust jarrarah jar ad zan chark-e buk- har-e rah-e malakh loqomotif chekirge log (of wood) jidh' chub odun log (of ship) qaid el-markab ruz-name-yi- jurnal kashti long {adj.) tawil diraz uzun look (v.) shaf, yashuf or ahan (or nigah baqmaq bawa*, yu- kardan) bawi' look after dar bal 'ala, mutavajjih gozetmek yadir bal 'ala budan look at look-out {n.) loop-hole nocha loose (adj.) loot (n.) lose loss losses (in battle) louse love (v.) bawa' bi, ^nigah kardan, baqmaq yubawi' bi ' kun nebachi, haris nigah ban surakh varda nobetjisi mazghal deliyi mafkuk (un- sust, gushada rabtsiz bound); rakhu (not tight) nahb, ghani- gharat, yagh- yaghma, mah ma ghanimet dheyya', yu- gum kardan, ghaib etmek dheyyi' kun khasarah {pi. ziyan zarar, zayat khasa'ir); faqd telefiyat talafat telefiyet qamlah shipish bit tabb, yahibb dustdashtan, sevmek ashiq budan i GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 401 English. Armenian, Kurdish, Syriac. lock {n.) paganq qifl qipla lock {v.) pagel, goghpel qifl kir qfelle, ghleqle locomotive vayrasharzh charkhe alate bukhar mashina locust morekh kula, chakerjik qamsa log dzarri gojgh, gojgb navabedi ora- qorma, dar qorma log (of ship) kir long yergar derezh yarikha look {v.) desnel, nayil fakkirin, tam- asha kirin, rwandin, meza kirin, nairin • gashiq look after knamq danil muhafadha mtagbir (to take kirin, himayat care of); pnd- • kirin rel (to seek for) look at nael, tidel fakerian, bare- khwa da ntere, khere ill look-out {n.) shrchated, ted navi paswan, haris natora loop-hole hradzerb, pak- hsdi djampa surakh, kuna biz'a loose {adj.) tuyl, luydz shil, laqlok mrapiya loot [n.) avar, gogho- boud gortsnel, talan nehba lose berza msiikere gorousanel hinda kir kh§ere loss gorousd zarar zarar, khe§arah losses (in gorousd, vnas khusran. tliqi battle) khisarat louse vochil speh qalma love {v.) sirel, siraharil khwazin, hibin, wain, 'ashq kirin makhib MES. 1 c c • 402 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. low low water loyal luck luggage lunch lung machine machine-gun mad magazine (powder) maize major Arabic. Persian. nasi, wati past jezr el-moi jazr-i-darya Turkish. alchaq deniz jezri, de- niz chekilmesi amin {pi. aminin) nasib aghradh (pi.) ghada ma'laq, riyah (riyaten) makinah rashshash majniin makhzan el- barud idhrat esh- sham bimbashi make sawwa, yu- sawwi man (male) rejul (pi. rijal) or rijal {pi. rijajil) man (person) adami, nefer manager many map March march (%.) mudir kathir, hewayi kharitah or khartah Adbar, Mars masir (of troops) farmanbar-dar, sadiq shah-parast bakht bakht asbab, ashya eshya nahar shush, riya oile yemeyi aq jiger mashin, charkh charkh, maqina tup-e chand lulage khud purkun, tup- e musalsal divana makhzah-i- barud zurrat sarhang mitralyuz deli barut makh- zeni, jeb-khane misr boghdayi, dari bimbashi sakhtan, saz yapmaq mard erkek adam nazir idare eden. miidir khaili choq khariteh, kharita naqsheh Farwardin, Mart Azar harakat, mashi hareket {properly mashy). . Also kuch GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 403 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. low tsadzr khwar, kurt khetya, kirya low water chri tsadznaln, deghadvou- tiun loyal havadarim amin, khudan tabit soz, mukhlis luck pakht bakht, Daulat iqbal luggage gah gaarasi kelomel, asbabjmane tisht-misht lunch michnadjash tasht, chast sharutha lung toq sull, shush rata machine meqena makina, alat mashTna machine-gun meqenagan top khudan topang ma hratsan charkh shinaya mad khent din. be'aqil shidana magazine mtheranots makhzane makhzan (powder) varrotaran barude d-barud maize ekiptatsoren zurat dhura major hazarabed, bimbashi bimbashi make major unel, shinel chai kir *ewedhle man (male) mart merov, piao nasha man (person) anntz manager kordzagadar sarkirdia, mtagberana nazir, peshkar shad, pazma- galak, zaf, raba tiv zur, pirr qardez many map March march [n.] Mard Azar qalel, yertal kuch, maf- halat, sair Adhar zalta c 2 404 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. march {v.) Arabic. Persian. mesha, yimslii kuchidan, kuch Turkish. yuriimek mare laras madiyan qisraq marine bahri bahri silahendaz neferi (n.) ; bahriye (adj.) mark nishan (target) ; nishan, nishan ; ether (e.g. or I 'alamat tamgha paper) (on paper, &c.) market suq . bazar charshi, pazar marksman neshenchi tir-andaz, tufasy-anda2 nishan ji marriage zawaj (state) ; ariisi (wed- nikiah ' urs (wedding) ding) marsh hor (pi. ahwar) khalab, wahal balchiq, bataqliq direk mast dugal sutiin-i-jahaz master sahib, ra'is aqa efendi, sahib mat baria, basat ha sir hasir match (lucifer ) kibrit, shakha- tah kibrit kibrit matter, it does ma yukhalif aibi ua-darad sarar yoq not mattress doshek diishak shilte May Aiyar, Mayu Aiyar Mayis me -ni {suffix) mara beni, bana (to me) mealies idhrah misr bogh- dayi mean (signify) 'ana, ya'ni ma'ni dashtan. , ne demek dar ( = ' what does . . . mean ? ') meaning ma'na ma'na measure {v.) qas, yaqis or paimudan, Ulchmek qaddar, yu- paima qaddir (of size), kal, yakil (of ca- pacity) measure (n.) qiyas, qadr, ke] [ miqyas iilchi meat lahm gusht et GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 405 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. march {v.) chwel, untha- nal, qalel chon rkhisUe mare zampig mahin, main susta marine dzovajdp bahri, deryai yamana mark (n.) nshan nishan nishan market shouga suq shuqa marksman varbed nshan- arrou nlshanchi marriage amousnoutiun zawaj, marihi khlula marsh jahij, mor hez, besha wahla mast gaym master varbed khudan, agha stadha, rais mat khsir hesir hasira match (lucifer] ) loutski kibrit, sha- shakhate, khatah kibrit matter, it does ; vnas chouni teshtak teda zarar lit not nina mattress basdar doshak shwita May Mayis lyar lyar me zis {ace), intz idat.) mi, min -i {suffix) mealies simit, tarm egyptatsoren zurat dhiira mean (signify) gamil, midq khwast, qsidle sunenal maram kir meaning nshanagoutiun ma'naya measure {v.) chapel pivin, qiyas kir kelle, qesle measure {n.) chap meat mis piwan, qiyas kaila, qyasa gosht be^ra 406 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. medal nishan nishan-e sik- ka nishan medicine dawa dawa 'ilaj meet laqa, yulaqi mulaqat kar - rast gelmek, dan, kun bulushmaq melon reggi (water kharbiiza qarpuz melon), batikh melted butter ■ dihn raughan eridilmish sai-yaghi mend sallah, marammat ta'mir etmek jnisallih kardan, kun or durust kardan, kun merchandise amwal tujari- yah tajir {fl. mal-e tijarat mal, emval merchant tajir tajir tujjar) mercy- rahmah . rahmat merhamet message risalah paigham khaber, peiam metal ma'din {fh ma'dan ma'den ma'adin) metalled road darb muhad- dad sho^eh shose middle wast ; nuss (of miyan, wasat orta, merkez time) yari mile mil {'pl. amyal) mil mil.yirmitaqqa military 'askari nizami, *askari 'askeri, nizami milk halib shir siit mill tahanah, mat- tan ah asya deyirmen millet dakhn arzan dari mind (n.) 'aql khatir 'aql, zihn mine {'pron.) mall mal-i-man benimki mine (ex- lughm {fl. lagham laghim plosive, n.) algham) mineral ma' din {pi. jamadat (pi.) ma' den ma'adin) {better ma*- dan) GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 407 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. medal shqanshan nishan, medal nishanqa medicine tegh darman, 'alaj darmana meet hantibel rast hatin, khzele, tapiq Ibar yak bu melon sekh, tsmerong gindor, qarpus shiptiya, (water melon) bashile melted butter iugh, yegh riin meshkha, du- hana mend norokel, gar- pina or ruq*at mruqel6 gadel kir, diiranin merchandise merchant abranq, vad- jarrq vajarragan mal (wares) ; tajirutha tijarat (trade) bazirgan, tujar tajara, bazar- rtn-nn mercy message metal voghormoutiun dad, mar- rakhme ha mat, bakht badkam khabar, ka- khubra khaz medagh madan ma'dan metalled road khjoughi middle michin, mech degh mghon zinvoragan gath aghoriq niv, nauras palga mile military milk mill mil 'askari shir ash mila 'askari khelya urkhe, arkhel millet mind (n.) goreg midq garis 'aql, fikr, khatir, bir garis, dikhna khiyal mine (fron.) mine (ex- plosive, n.) mineral ims, imins agan hanqayin yamin, emin madan, filiz {n.); ma'- dani (adj.) di-i d-ma'dani 408 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English, Arabic. • Persian. Turkish. Ministry (civi! I) Nadharah vazarat nazaret minute mirage daqiqah {pi. daqayiq) sarab daqiqeh sarab daqiqa, taqqa serab mirror missing mist miraga mafqiid dhabab ayina gum shudeh, naqi? sharir aine eksik, ghaib sis, duman mix khalat, yakblit or mezej,yim zaj Mohammedan Muslim moisture ra^ubah . amikhtan, - amiz musulman rutubat qarishdirmaq muslim rutubet monastery der khanqah tekke Monday Yom el-ith- Dushambeh Bazar-ertesi money money- changer monitor monsoon nen fliis sarraf monitor bara^at (pi) pill para sarraf sarraf monitor monitor sefinesi bad-e mausim mevsim ruski month moon new moon shahr {pi. ish- hur) gamar hilal mah mah mah-e nau ai ai, mahitab (moonlight) ai bashi, hilal full moon moor (tie up) bedr rabat, yarbat) badr bi-risman bedr baghlamaq more akther {corn- par.), ba'ad, zayid ziyadtar ziyade, daha, fazla (excess) GLOSSARIES OF WORDS .409 Ministry (civil) minute mirage mirror missing mist mix Mohammedan moisture monastery 'Monday money money- changer monitor Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. nakhararoutiun wizarat waziii (qaghaqagan) robe, vargian daqiqah daqiqah (modaqoyn) sarav, kurab sharaw ha\ eli awina, nink nora, mirre hinda bu msukra mek, marak- duman, khiiz, hoga hough mizh kharrnel taik da, khalat khletle kir Dadjig musulman mashlmana khonavoutiun rutubat, shili, teriiitha, tali- tarri vanq, der menastan Yergoushapti Dushambah tram, sdag para, diraf loumayapokh sarraf rasmanav lutha daira Trushaba ziizi surap, sarrafa monsoon month moon new moon full moon ^, moor (tie up) I i^ more (darevor hoghm) amis mausum, fa§le ba haiv, mah yerkha sehra lousin mah, haiv, mong nor lousin hiva nii, hiv sahra khata hilati, hilal gadar lousin hiva tam, badr badri baranovgabel gami shedan- din, langar avitin or avizhin aveli galakter, besh kabira, peterr zoda 410. GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. morning mortar mosque mosquito mosquito-net mother motor-boat mound mountain mountain- range mouse mouth mouth (of river) move (trans.) Arabic. ?abah juss jami', mesjid baqq (bug) kullah umm markab gaz tell (pi. tumi) jebel [fl. jibal) silsilat jibal Persian. 9ubtL Turkish. sabah bastan kharj (for chemicals); havan (mili- tary) or tup-e qumbara- andazi masjid jami', mesjid pashsheh sivri sinek pashsha-band sineklik, jibin- lik madar ana, valide kashtiya khud- ravan tappa, khakriz tepejik, hiiyiik (military) kuh kiihistan far (pi. firan) mush halq (pi. huluq) dahan sadr (esh-shatt) dahaneh dagh dagh silsilesi, sira daghlar sichan, fare aghz (irmaq) aghzi harrak, yuhar- tahrik kardan, naql etmek, rik kun qimildatmaq move (intrans.) taharrak, yata- harakat kar- qimildanmaq much {adj.) much {adv.) mud muddy mud -flats mule muleteer harrak kathir kathir tin, wahl muwahhil wahl boghl {pi. ba- ghal) baghghal, mu- kari dan, kun bisyar khaili gil-alud astar, qatir charvadar choq choq chamur chamurli balchiq qatir qatir ji GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 411 English. morning mortar Armenian. arravod shaghakh Kurdish. Syriac. subahi, suba qadamta, be- hawan epare gejkhaq mosque mzgit mas j id, jem, misgaft machid, jema mosquito mzhegh khepo baqa mosquito-net mzhghougi shabakae- shabaka d-tan ourrgan pesha zil mother mayr da, dya yemma motor-boat sharzhich harakatli- qayiq mashi- maguyg gami naya mound badvar tepula, tall te\ mountain lerr chia tHra mountain- lerrnashghta range mouse moug mishk aqiibra mouth Deran dav kemma, poma mouth (of redaperan sarakani sarakani river) move (trans.) sharzhel takandin, tah- rik kir mhurikle move (intrans.) sharzhil much (adj.) shad galak, zof, zui kabira much (adv.) shad, huyzh rraba mud tsekh, dighm gerrek, heri, tina, wahla, qum taqna muddy tshekhod mud-flats dghmayin iedaperan mule chori ester kodhenta, kawedhna muleteer choreban estervan, qaterchi qaterchi 412 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS municipal munitions must mutiny {n.) mutton my myself nail (iron) nail (finger) name what is the name of ? narrow napkin nationality native (n.) naval navigable navigate Arabic. beledi mu'addat el- harb lazim Persian. baladi Turkish. beladiye muhimmat-e muhimmat jangi {or lava- zim-e qushun) bayad {imper- -meli, -mali sonal) 'asyan, thorah 'a§yan lahm ghanam gusbt-i- gusfand -i (suffix), mail -i-man, -am (after noun) (suffix) nefsi kbudam (suffix to verbal root) ; lazim (necessary) 'isyan, tughyan qoyun eti benim, -im (suffix) kendim bismar (])l. mikh chivi, mikli basamir) dhafr (pi. adba- nakhun tirnaq fir) ism (pi. asami nam ism, ad and isma) shism ? ism-ash chist ? -e ne derler ? iibaiyiq peshqir jinsiyah ibn el-bilad bahri yanmeshi bi- safinah qad el-markab, yaqud el- markab tang dar dastmal-e peshkir sufra milliyat ; milliyet vatan (native country) bumi yerli darya'i, bahri bahr qabil-e ubur-e seiri sefayine kashti musa'id kashti randan, qapudanliq ran etmek GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 413 English. municipal munitions » must Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. taghabedagan, madam, d-mdita qaghaqayin baladi rrazmamterq chakke sharr, asbabi qosho- masalihe nayi, jabo- sharr, jabak- khana hana bedq e lazim, garak lazim mutiny {n.) mutton my myself nail (iron) nail (finger) name what is the name of ? narrow napkin nationality native {n.) naval navigable absdampou- tiun vochkhari mis im inqs, yesinqs, inqzinqs kam, peverr yeghoung anoun inche anoune i 9 negh antzerrots azkaynoutiun, azkoutiun deghatsi, pnig navayin navargeli esian goshte pazz -min {svjfflx) az bikhwa, min bkho bizmar ninuk nav nave...chia ? tang, task, jemik pishkir, pa- shik, kaffiya millat 'aslyiitha, ma- rodhutha bisra d-erba -i {suffix), di-i gani bismara tipra shimma ma shimma d- ? 'iqa dasmal milat navigate navargel ahl balad yerluya qabil 'ubur, spayi qa na-kur gamiye 414 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. navigation navy- near Arabic. Persian. Turkish. milahah, qiya- rah bari-yi- qapudanliq dat el-markab jahaz U9tul, bahriyah jahazat donanma jarib or qarib nazd, nazdik yaqin necessary (it lazim is) lazim ast lazim, gerek neck need {v.) needle neighbour ruqbah ihtaj ila, yahtaj ila ibrah {pi. ibar) siizan gardan boyiin muhtaj shu- muhtaj olmaq, dan, shau istemek jar {pi. jiran) hamsaya neighbourhood mahallah (quarter of town) ; qurb neither . . . nor la . . . wa-la net shebekah nazdiki {or hamsayagi) nah . . . nah dam (against mos- kullah quitoes) lyne qonshu qonshuluq ne . . . ne agh sineklik never new news abadan {ivith negative) jadid khabr {sing.) newspaper next jaridah {pi. jarayid) tham(of time) ; digar agrab abadan {fol- hich ( -^nega- lowed hy na, tive) 'not') nau akhbar ruznameh yeni khaber ghazeta yandaki (be- side) ; sonra (after) night tayyib lelah latif, khush shab eyi, giizel, tatli geje GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 1 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. navigation navargoutiun navy near dormigh mod, merdz- nezik qorba 415 avor necessary (it anhrazhesht e lazim, garak lazim, ki-mwa- is) jib neck viz ustii, hafk, mil qdhala need {v.) bedq ounenal, bhaujab sniqle garodil needle asegh suzhen, derzi khmata, mkhata neighbour tratsi jiran, han- samal shwawa neighbourhood shrchagayq, ladl, qurb, qurbabi tratsioutiun nezTki neither . . . nor voch . . . yev voch na . . . na la . . . w-la net ourrgan. tsants shabak, dam shabakah never voch yerpeq, pnav hich, abadan abadan, hich new nor nil, nishk khatha news lour, deghegou tiun - khabar khubra khathfi newspaper therth, Irakir gazeta gazeta next arrachiga pashe, mut- khena, Ikes (proximo) ; tasil gits (adja- cent) ; hedo (thereafter) ; yergrort (secondly) nice azniv, qnqoush bash, hak randa night kisher shav laile 416 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. nippers minqash ambur qisaj no la, lakh air na-khair khair, yoq noise qalabaliqh, hiss shuliiq ses, shamata nomad bedwi {fl. bedu) ilyati yiiruk noon dhuhr zuhr oilen no one ma had hich kas hich bir kimse north shimal shamal yildiz, shemal northern shamali shamali shemali nose khashm dimagh, bini biiriin nosebag mikhlat tiibreh yem torba-si not ma {with na depl, me {in verbs) ; mil, verbs) mush {with adj.) la la not at all hargiz {fol- hich, assla {both lowed by ne- followed by ne- gative) gative) note (letter) teskerah, mak- tub ruq'a mektub (promissory) kampiyalah tamassuk-e qambial naqdi, or huj jat daftarcha - note-book defter defter nothing la she, hich hich {with negative) hich bir shei nothing, for bi-lash muft or maj- badi-hava (gratis) janan not yet lis-sa ma {fol- ta-bi-hal daha deyil, lowed by verb), henoz deyil mil ba'ad November Tishrin eth- thani Tishrin-i-sani Teshrin i-sani now hessa ; ga'id {before verb) akniin, alan shimdi nowhere ma {with verb) fi ai makan hich ja hich bir yerde GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 417 English. nippers no noise nomad noon no one north northern nose nosebag not Annenian. aqdzan gasd ; qelbetin (Turkish) voch tzayn vranapnag ges or voch voq hiusis hiusisayin qith dobrag (tziou snounti) voch, ch' Kurdish: miqash, gaz, mashik, kal- bittin no, na dang, faryad Syriac. malkta, kal- bittin la qalmaqal kochari; re- kochari wendan nivro, nimaro palge d-yoma chu kas chu kha shimal garbya difin, qupu juhor, tura nakhira 'aiiqah, juhorre la not at all amenevin qat'an, abadan qat'an, abadan, hich note (letter) domsag, krou- kakhaz. mak- ktawa ; tiun tub (promissory) khosdmnakir *ahd-nama hiijat note-book nothing nothing, for (gratis) not yet nowhere I houshadedr kitab, kakhaz daptar vochinch chii tesht, hich chu mindi vochinch, tzri balash herwa, balash terr voch, hesh na, hizhi hesh la dogavin voch na November Noemper Teshrlni sani, Tcheri kharaya paiz hima, ayzhm nuha, istaka daha, adiya voch oureq, bchii ja, bchii b-chu diiktha voch mi degh arda D d 418 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian, Turkish. number {n.) 'adad ;adad *aded, miqdar ^nut jozah {pi. ]oz) jauz findiq oasis wahah sabza-zar dar cbolin arasinda biyaban cbairliq oar mijdhaf paru Idirek oats hurtuman, shufan dausar yulaf obedient tayi', mutf muti' ita'atli obstacle mani {pi. mawani) mani' mani' obstinate 'anid sar-kash, kbud-sar 'inadji occupation ihtilal zabt-e mulk istiyla (military) ocean bahr uqyaniis bahr-i-muhit o'clock es-sa'ah sa'at-e sa'at October Tishrln Tisbrin-i- Teshrin-i-evvel awwal auwal . office idarah, hafis daftar-khona (place) qalem officer (mili- dhabit sahib- zabit tary) man§ab officer (civil) ma'mur sabib mansib me'mur or abl-e qalam often kathir marrat barba, mukar- • choqkerre, raran choq defa* oil zet, dihn rogban yagb oil (petroleum) gaz, nafadh naft, or ra- gbaz ghan-e sang oke(2ilb.) huggab vaqiya oqa old (ancient) 'atiq, qadim kohneh eski, qadim old (worn) ball kobneh, far- sudeh eski old man sbayib, pir ikhtiyar GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 419 P. 1 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. number {n.) thiv 'adad, azhmar minyana nut gaghin, enguyz finuq, guz, gwiz goza oasis ovasis marj oasa, marga oar thi, thiag oats varsag obedient hnazant tai', atl muti', mshu'- bdha obstacle khoch, arkelq mani' makleta, mani obstinate hamarr kalahishk, 'anid 'anid, 'asi occupation dirapetoutiun zabt, taht dwaqta bi- (military) zabt yitqoshon ocean ovgianos oqianos, bahr uqyaniis o'clock zham sa'at sa'at October Hogtemper Teshrini auwal Cheri qamaya office bashdon(post); wazifa, khid- mansab krasenyag mat (premises) officer (mili- sba, zinyora- zabit zabit tary) gan officer (civil) bashdonya often hajakh oil tzet, iugh oil (petroleum) qaraiugh oke(2|lb.) oliha old (ancient) hin old (worn) mashadz old man dzer mustakljdame mamiir hukumat, sahibe wazifa purrjaran, kabire gahatha, galak jara rabagahi rune zait zaitha nift; gaz nyuta, zift waqiya waqiya kohn, 'atiq 'atiqa pira, parpeti jiqa ikhtiar, pir sawa k D d2 420 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. old woman 'ajuz pireh zan qoja qari older akbar daha eski oldest • el-akbar en eski omelet *ajjah, khaginah khagineh qaighana on 'ala bala'i ustunde, uzerinde once, twice, ferd marrah, yak, du mar- bir kerre, iki thrice marraten, tabeh, seh kerre, iich thalath martabeh kerre marrat at once bis-sa'ah, halan chabuq onion ba§lah {fl. ba§al) piyaz soghan only {adj.) wahid (one) vahid or ya- gana yaliniz only {adv.) faqat u bas {at end) anjaq, yaliniz open {adj.) maftuh, kushad, maf- achiq mafkuk tuh, waz shudeh open {v.) fekk, yafnkk kushadan. achmaq fetch, yiftah kushad operation harakah amaliyat-e hareket (military) jangi opposite qubal muqabil qarshi oppressive thaqll shadid, sakht aghir (heat) or au or yo ya . . . ya ya . . . yakhod orange portugalah portuqal ra- ranj portaqal order {v.) a mar, ya'mur farmudan. emr etmek. farma buyurmaq order (w.) amr {fl. awa- mir) farman, amr emr, firman GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 421 English. Armenian, Kurdish. Syriac. old woman barrav pirazhin sauta older avelidzer (of person) ; avelihin (of thing) oldest omelet tzvatsegh on i vera, vra Isar, laban elled, l-*el once, twice, mi ankam, jarak, du jara, khdha gaha, thrice yergou an- se jara tette gahatha, kam, yereq tellath gaha- ankam tha at once anmichabes alba'al omon sokh only {adj.) miayn pivaz bisla fard, yakkana ikhidaya only (adv.) miayn, sagayn bas bass, faqat open {adj.) pats va, wa pthikha open {v.) operation (military) opposite oppressive (heat) or orange order {v.) order {n.) panal vakirdin pthekhle kordzoghou- harakat or tagbir qosho- tiun . mu'amalat naya ' askariya timats, hagarag pish-meqabil. derqiil lebar sart, dizhwar khamima k heghtzoutsich (chermoutiun) gam narinch; por- touqal (Turkish) hramael, badvirel hraman, bad- ver ya, yan purtaqal au, yan narinj amr kir, naid pqidhle, musele da farman, amr pugdana, amr 422 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS order (system , nidham, tertib qa'ida, usiil nizam other akhar {pi. akharin) o bir, diger our -na (suffix) -i-ma {suffix) bizim ours malna, lena mal-i-ma bizimki out of min biriin, az an- -dan, -dan di- dariin shari outpost talfah qarawul ileri qol outside barra, kharij birun disharda oven tannur tanniir furun overboard ila '1-bahr, ila darabuftadeh denize diish '1-moi miish overflow {v.) f adh, yafidh labriz shudan or azkanar tashmaq owing to, be- min sebeb az barayi -ichin, -dolayi, cause of sebebile owl biimah bum, tajavuz kardan baiqush ox thor nar gau okiiz pack-saddle khurj el-jemel khurj in-i- deve khamuti (camel) shutur pack-saddle khurj el-boghl khurjin-i-qatir semer (mule) paddle {n.) gharrafah paru klirek paddle-wheel parwanah charkh-e kash tiye bukhar - pervane padlock qufl qufl asma kilid pail baldi, satl dalv qogha pain waja' dard aghri jaint (n.) boya, K^abagh rang boya Palestine Filistln, Esh- Sham Filistin Filistin palm (tree) nakhlah {pi. nakhl khurma agha- n^khl) chi GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 42a English. Armenian, • Kurdish. Syriac. order (system, , gark, troutiun , tartib, uslub riza, tartib w.) garkatroutiun, sistem other ayl khena our mer -ma (suffix) -an (suffix) ours mern, merinn yama, malema diyan out of ardaqo, tours zh- (prefix) min outpost arracbabah peshe 'askare qamayutha . (zorq) d-'askar outside toursn deri baraye oven pourr furl, tanniir tanura overboard naven tours, dzov angial labahre b-go yama overflow {v.) hortil pirr-av biiin, tafih buin shapikh owing tOj be- • badjarrav Ibar, bo min sabab cause of owl pou bum, baiqiish ox yez gah taura pack-saddle palan, hamed (camel) pack-saddle palan, hamed kurtan, palan rashwana, kur- (mule) tana paddle {n.) tiag miqdaf, parii paddle-wheel tiagi-aniv takhtae du- labe, charkhe gami padlock goghbanq qifl qiipla pail touyl (ortouil) satlok, lagan, childosh do cha pain tsav aish, zhan, dard mar'a paint {n.) nerg rang, naqish rang Palestine Baghesdin Filistin Filli^tin palm (tree) armaveni darekhurma khiirma 424 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. pannier sellah (j)!. eslal) lauda or zam- kiife bil (very large and made of paper khaghid (material); . waraqah (a wood) kaghaz kyat parasol paper) shemsivali chatr shemsiye parley (^i.) mudhakarah mukyaleme parole (n.) kalamsharf va'da-ye baz soz, parola party (dinner) 'azimah pass (defile) ' madhiq passage (an murur act) passage (way) majaz passage-money nol gasht ziyafat ziyafet tang, gardaneh boghaz, gechid guzar-gah ma' bar gechme passport password pasturage path patrol (n.) patrol (v.) pay (n.) pasaport, teskerah ism el-lelah gechejek yer, gechid ujrat-e ubur navlun, yol or ujrat-e parasi safar-e darya passaporta, mar a ism-i-shab alafzar teskere parola sikkah {pi. siket), darb {jjI. durub) dawwariyah otlaq, chair, yaila rah-i-kuchak iz. meslek pasban qol dolashmaq dawwar, haras pasbani kar- dan, kun ma'ash, shah- ujreh, mawa- ma'ash ; ailiq riyah jib (monthly) ; giindelik (daily) GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 425 English. pannier Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. goghov ; se- zanbil, salik kajawa ped (Turkish) 'eixnev paper thoukht kaghi waraqa parasol parley (w.) parole (n.) party (dinner) pass (defile) passage (an act) passage (way) passage- money passport password pasturage path sewan, sham- shumsiya siya akhivtin mhamzamta, mahkaitha kalam sharaf qola da'wat, ziafat qonakhligh gall, boghaz boghaz, raola galiya re, ria, rabori sapar hovanots panagtsoutiun khosdoum djashgeruyt girj (of moun- tains) antsq jampa, jana- rre, rria aliilta, kolana, barh urkha navou dzakhs ; kre, haq kherj d-sapar navargoutian tram antsakir teskere antsaparr, parola jarag, arod eheria, Iwar, mar'iya, zozan mar* a shavigh, hedq rre, rria urkha patrol {n.) bahaban, kis- pasban, natore hertabah naubachi patrol {v.) patrol unel naubah kir ntere hertabahel pay (w.) vjar, vartsq haq, para liaq 426 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. pay {v.) dafa*, yidfa' ada kardan, parasini ver- kun mek, ma'ash v6rmek peace sulh, salam sulh sulh pear armot gulabi armud peasant fellah dehati or zira at-kar ' koili pen qalam {jpl. aqlam) qalam qalem pencil qalm rasas midad qurshun qalem pennant beraq filandere perfume 'atr itr hosh qoqu, rayiha perhaps yimkin, bilki shayad belki periscope periskop periskop, durbin permission rukh^ah ijaza izin Persia Biladel-*_Ajam Iran *Ajemistan Persian *Ajami, Irani Irani *Ajemi people nas mardum khalq, ehali pepper petition {n.) filfil filfil biber istid* a ariza arzuhal, istid' a pheasant durraj {pi. dararij) qarqavul suilun qusha photograph resm, §urah 'aks fotograf {n.) pick-axe mi'wal bil, tisheh qazma picket (n.) talfah talayi' qaraqol picture siirah, resm parda-ye naq- qashi - resim, tasvir piece («.) wallah {fl. wa§l) tikka parcha pier eskelah iskaleh isk61e GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 427 English. pay {v.) peace pear peasant pen pencil pennant perfume perhaps periscope permission Persia Persian people pepper petition (n.) pheasant photograph in.) pick-axe picket (n.) picture piece {n.) pier Armenian. vjarel khaghaghou- tiun dantz kiughatsi krich madid Kurdish. haq da sulh Syriac. mxirzele, iwelle haq sulh, shlama karchin, armii kamitra rainjbar, fal- bne mata, fellah lah, jotyar qalam, khama qalama qalam risas, pensila, qalam khonwiss d-ri^i^ droshag (arreakh tro- shag^navi via) poyr, anousha- behn, *itr rikha hod teryevs, koutse balgl, balani belki periscop tidag hraman, touil- rukhsat, das- rukhsat devoutiun tur, izn an 'Ajam, Iran 'Ajam 'Ajami 'Ajamaya khalq, mirova nashe filfil film arzahal ba'utha, arzahal Barsig zhoghovourt bghbegh aghersakir, aghachanq pasian lousangar brrich arrachakound, picket badger gdor, mas navamaduyts tiirang, tai- hiich kulang, mawal ma'wal, nara surat parcha, par askalah shikla, surta sama askalah ^s GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. pig khanzir {pi. khanazir) khiik, khinzir domuz pilgrim hajji ; zayir zavvar ; haji (to Kerbela) zayir {pi. ziwar) pilgrimage ^lajj ; ziyyarah ziyarat haj (to Kerbela) pillow makhaddah mukhaddeh, balish yasdiq pilot (n.) rabban rah numa (-yi-jahaz) qulawuz pilotage qiyadah u rat-i-kashti- bani qulawuz iijreti pin dembiis sanjaq * toplu (iyne) pincers kelabaten ambur kessaj pipe (tube) ambiibah {pi. anabib) lula borya pipe (smok- sabil ; narghi- chibuq chibuq, nargile ing) leh (hubble- bubble) pistol warwar (re- volver) gir pishtav tabanja pitch qir or zift zift (substance) pitcher meskhenah (Arab) kuza, ibriq testi place {n.) makan {pi. amakin) makan, ja y& plain {n.) barriyeh, chol, sahl dasht, sahra ova plan (scheme, fikr, tadbir tadbir kardan diishiinmek V.) plant {n.) nabat {pi. nabatat) nabat fidan plate §ahn {pi. §uhun) bushqab, zarf tabaq play (v.) la*ab, yil'ab bazi kardan, kun oinamaq GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 4^ 1 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. pig khoz khinzir, baraz khezura. baraza pilgrim bantoukht, tiajjT, haj muqdusi, oukhtavor maqdasi pilgrimage bantekhtou- hajj haj tiun, oukhta knatsoutiun pillow partz balgi, balif, seringnia spaditha pilot {n.) navoughigh, navavar qaptan pilotage navavarou- tiun pin kntasegh danbus, sinjakh, sanjaq danbus pincers aktsan mashik, gazek kalbtin kalbtain pipe (tube) khoghovag lula, kizan, pukhrank tuta pipe (smok- dzkhapogh sabil (short) ; ; chibuk, ing) qalyun (long) qalluna, qalyun pistol adrjanag, pistol tziut ; zift dabanja dabanja pitch qlr, zift qir (substance) (Turkish) pitcher goudz kiiza, kiip, khum talma place {n.) degh, vayr 3 a, 'ard duktha plain {n.) tashd, tash- dasht, chol chol, maidan davayr dashta plan (scheme, dzrakrel, rasm kirin, tagbir V.) horinel tadblr kirin plant (n.) doung dar, nabat liana, gilla plate bnag §ahn, tapsi, 'aman sahna, tabaq play {v.) khaghal bazin mtuelle 430 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish pleasant latif khush, latif hosh, leziz please tafadbdhal (in courtesy) ; min fadhlek (asking fa- vour) pleased, to be imbasat, yam- masrur shu- sevinmek, basit ; sar dan, shau memniin ol- mimnun, ya- maq sir mimnun pleasure kef, wunsah khushi keif plough {n.) faddan shukhm saban plough (v.) karab, yikrab khish zadan siirmek plumb-line shahul, shaqiil shahul shaqul plunder (v,) neheb, yen- chapidan, yaghma etmek heb chab or taraj kardan, kun pocket jeb (pi. juyub) jaib jeb poison semm zahr zehir pole (n.) murdi (of boat) mardi direk pole (v,) defa',yidfa* mardi zadan polish (n.) ' sabgh saiqal perdah, jila polite adib mu'addab terbiyeli political officer pontoon pony (bag- gage) pool pot)p ma'mur siyasi ma'mur az memursiyasi jisr naqqal, dubah kidish ; boghl yabu el-haml birkah, haudh hauz janib-e daulat jisr tombaz akhir el-mar - kab arsha yiik beigiri hauz qich GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 431 English. pleasant please Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. hajeli khwash. randa, hosh k'aghachem bkaifa in basmaluk pleased, to be koh linel khwash bu, kaifawi hat psikhle pleasure hadjuyq khwashi, kaif , rahat . raziutha plougk (n.) aror jot pdhana plough (v.) agosel, herel jot kirin tare pdana plumb-line oughgha-kidz, shidag dirist, rast kip a d-rasis plunder {v.) goghobdel talan kir, nahb kir nhible pocket krban jaib jiba poison toyn {or touin) zhahr sama pole (n.) tzogh, siun niardi,midra jala pole (v.) tzoghel, tiava- gami kishan- rel, magoyge din, gami dar tzoghov qshe 1 inandin polish (n.) abigi ; per- runik, pardaq , mabriqta dakh boyakh (Turkish) (of shoes) polite paregirt, adib, 'aqil, maripat, adib qaghaqavar shirine akhlaq political qaghaqagan zabite mulki mamiir, elchi officer bashdonia pontoon pontoun,nava- prt, jisr, kupri gishra, jesr gamourch pony (bag- krast bargil bargil, gidish gage) pool ^jag borr, birkah, hau?: birke poop khelk navou pishte gami 432 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. poor pork population port port (of ship) hard a-port porter (door) porter (carrier) porthole Arabic. Persian. faqir, meskin darvish,miskin lahm khanzir gusht-i-khuk ' adad en-nuf us adad-i-sukkan mamlakat bander, mina {fl. mawani) yisar tammam lil- yisar bawwab hammal {pi. tiamamil) shubbak bandar darban hammal Turkish. fuqara domuz eti ehali liman geminin iskele tarafi alabanda iskele qapuju hamma.1 lumbar deliyi portmanteau j ant ah possibly yimkin post office postakhaneh pot (for cook- jidr ing) pot (for water) hibb (large) pottery fakharah potatoes pour out patetah ' sabb, yasubb jama-dan mumkin chanta belki powder (gun-) barud praise (v.) medeh, yim- dah pray (worship, §alla, yusalli prayer sala {vl. sala- wat) prefer fadhdhal, vufadhdhil post-khaneh posta-khane dig or patila tenjere, qazan ibriq testi, chiimlek zuruf-e chini chanaqlar, or kuza muza chiimekler sib-i-zamm patates rikhtan, riz dokmek barud barut situdan, sita medh etmek namazkardan du*a etmek namaz du' a tarjihi dadan, terjih etmek deh GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 433 English. Animnian. Kurdish. Syriac. poor pork aghqad khozi mis miskin, faqii- goshte baraz miskena bi§ra d-khu- ziira population pnagichq, zhoghovourt khalk, sukkan 'amranutha port navahankisd mina mina, bandar port (of ship) hard a -port navi tzakha- goghmn ghegn teb tzakh porter (door) porter trnaban perrnagir dargvan hammal qapuchi, dargvan hammal (carrier) porthole badouhan thntanotits navi portmanteau gashi bayousag chanta,khurjikchamadan possibly gareli, havana- yumkin, mum- miimkin gan kin post office namagadoun postakhana pos^akhana pot (for cook- yepelou aman ; tanjura, qazancha, ing) tindjireh qazan, diz distitha (Turkish) pot (for water) goozh kiiz, aman talma pottery gavakordzaran favfur, chini pikhara potatoes patates patata, patate sev'arde pour out letsnel, tatar- Ivakhwarene msureqle gel da-raizhin powder (gun-) varrot barud, tez barud praise (v.) kovel madih kir mdihle pray (worship, aghotel, agha- nemaizh kirin m§ali slutha V.) chel, maghtel prayer aghotk nemaizh, slutha newaizh prefer keratasel taf zil kir mf iizille E e 434 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. prepare {trans.) ha dhdh ar, yu- amudan,ama or hazirlamaq hadhdhir hazir kardan I, kun prepare {in- ista*add, trans.) yasta'idd prepared hadhir muhaiya hazirlanmish, shuda hazir present (here; ) mawjiid hazir burada,mevjud present (gift) hadiyah, bakhshish ta*aruf hediye pretty hulu, Jamil khushnuma, qashang qimat giizel, dilber price qimah fiat prison tiabs zindan habs-khane prisoner of asir {ft. usara) asir esir war private nefer nafar nef6r (soldier) private (room^ , khu^ii^i, sha' khusiisi khususi &c.) kh^i proceeding muhakamah muhakama muhakame (legal, n.) proclamation i'lan manshur ; i'lan (written) i'lan- nama,i'lan productive mukhsib hasil-khiz mahsuldar profit mahsul naf kiar, fa'ide prohibited memnu' mamnu' yassaq projectile guUah {yl. gulel) khumpareh mermi promise {n.) wa'd va'da va'd, soz promise {v.) wa*ad, yuwa'id wa*deh da- soz vermek, dan, deh va*d etmek propeller parwaneh charkh vaporun per- vanesi, isqru property mal, mulk (estate) mal mal, variyet GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 435 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. prepare {trans. ) badrasdel paikina, hazir ewedhle pek, kir muhdhere prepare {in- badrasdvel trans.) prepared badrast paik mtorsa present (here) nerga hiazir lakha ■ present (gift) endza, barkev diyari, bakh- shish peshkesh pretty- siroun chak, dalal jundaya, shapira price kin, arzheq baha, qimat liaqq, tinie prison pant haps, girti- khana haps prisoner of keri girti dwiqa b-plasha war private zinvor nafar nafar (soldier) private (room, , arrantzin khususi khusii^i &c.) proceeding tad varel muhakama. dawe (legal, n.) tadbire hukmi proclamation hrrchag, hay- dararoutiun farman raqam productive arkasavor khwash ' ard, musmir tayuna profit shah, okoud mahsul,qazanj zodiinya prohibited arkilvadz mamnu* , tiaram mukliya projectile razmagndak gulla gunbilta promise (n.) khosdoum qaul, bawar qola promise (v.) khosdanal , wa*dah kir, qaul da mwu'idle propeller vanich, navi bdoudag property galvadzq, sepa - khudani, kha- ■ mal ganoiitiun wandi, mulk E e2 436 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. proprietor Arahic. sahib protection (of himayah weak States) Persian. malik ' himayat Turkish. sahib himave province provisional public (n.) pulse (wrist) pump (n.) punish wilayah waqti (tempo- rary).* mash- rut (condi- tional) / en-nas, el-'am- mah nabdh trambah qa^a?, yuqasij^ vilayat vilayet muvaqqati- shimdilik ichin khalq khalq punitive ta' qibi pupil (scholar) telmidh pure purse safi (of water kiB, jozdan nabz nabz tulumbeh tulumba saza dadan, mujazat etmek dehormujazat dadan, deh tambihi mujazat ichin shagird shagird khalis pak, temiz, safi saf kisa kese pursue teba' yitba' ta'aqqub kar- - qoghalamaq, or ta'aqqab, dan, kun ta'qib etmek yata'aqqab put hatt, yahutt guzashtan, qomaq or wadha', guzar yodha' put out (light) taffa, yutaffi khamush kar- dan siindiirmek puttee lifafat er-rijl bastan-i-pa dolaq quality jins (kind) ; khasiyat khassiyet, jins ^ifah (attri- • bute) quantity miqdar miqdar miqdar quarantine qarantinah qarantin qarantina quarrel (w.) niza'/arkah niza' ghavgha GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 437 proprietor Armenian. sepaganader protection (of bashdbanou- weak States) tiun (thuyl garavarou- tiants) province nahank provisional Kurdish. Syriac. khudan, khu- mara dan mnlk himavat wilayat arrzhamanagia bo wakhte, muaqqat bast wilayah qadana public (w.) zhoghovourt, khalk, 'am- hanrayin matun-nas pulse (wrist) zarg, dropoum nabz, damar pump (n.) chrhan trumba punish badzbel tarbya da, pe gabin punitive badzbagan pupil (scholar) ashagerd pure maqour, anarad purse , qsag pursue put hedabndel, haladzel . (enemy) dnel qasasi, jazai shagird taza, pak, kharu kisa, jazdan, tiirik pesh cho, ravandi da nian ] am lumza trumbah mqusi^le qa mta'lamta talmida sapiya kisa 'reqle bathre mutiile put out (light) mai'el puttee quality quantity quarantine quarrel (n.) zankabanag, dzngagab vorag, vorbi- soutiun qanagoutiun qarantin grriv tifandin, son- muchme der kirin pasta, shibaqa sifat, tab', jins tukhma miqdar, kam- qudra miyat karantina karantina sharr, gelj, duz drasha 438 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. quai^ry (w.) mahjar kan tash-ojaghi quarter (part , ruba' rub' cheirek n.) (of town, n.) matallah mahalla mabale quarter {v.) nezzel,yunezzil manzil dadan, oturtmaq deh quarter-master ma' mur arzaq mubashir-e alai emini manazil-e qushlin quay eskelah iskaleh rikhtem, is- k^le question {n.) suwal {pi. su- walat) su'al sival quick sari' zud chabuk, tez qiiickly bil-'ajei zud, bi-zudi chabuk quiet hadi sakit, aram rahat, uslu keep quiet ! iskut ar am bash sus {imper.) quilt lahaf lihaf yorghan quinine kinakinah kina-kina qinaqina, sol- fato ada tavshani rabbit arnab (pL kharqush aranib) race (horse, n. ) shart, musaba qah - asp-davani race-course medan maidan-e asp- davani - meidan radish fijl turub or turb turp raft kelek kalak kelek, sal raid (n.) ; jhazu yurish aqin rails '. chutut *amud-ha-yi- rai hadldiyah rah-i-ahan railway sikkat rah-i-ahan demir yol, el-hadid shamandefer, tren railway mahattah mahattah iskele. station . istasion GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 439 English. Armenian, Kurdish. Syriac. quarry (rt.) qarahanq ma' dan, ma'dan d-kipi maqta' quarter (part, chorrort (mas) charik, charag n.) chwarik (of town, w.) tagh mahallat mahal quarter {v.) deghavorel, manzil da mu'mere, mus- pnagetsnel kenne quarter-master zorabed quay qarap question (n.) hartsoum nazire ma - askar, mudir umure *as- kariya askalah pirsyar, su'al quick quickly zu, sevek, gurj zu hadi, sakit railway askalah mbaqarta- qalula^ qalula nikba, hidya shli, shttiq la^efa klnakina kerwish rikhta maidan pira kalak ghazu yergatougbi ria papore urkha d-prizla arak, shdab shdabav, shoudov quiet bandard keep quiet ! Irre, hantard besakkina, (imper.) getsir harak na-ka (movement) quilt •vermag lalief , urgban quinine qnaqina kanakina, kinJna rajbbit djakar, nabas- kerwishk, dag kargu race (horse, n.) tziarsbav asl (lineage) ; baz race-course asbarez mus radish raft raid {n.] rails poghg turp, fijl, pol lasd kalak asbadagoutiun Idiara, ghazu tsang, vanta- railway station gayaran 440 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS rain (n.) raisins ram [v.) range (firing dis- tance) rank (posi- tion, n.) rarely rat read ready «^' rear rearguard reason (cause, n.) rebel rebellion receipt receive {v.) reckless Arabic. matar zabib sudam, yaadim kubidan, kub basmaq masafah amaj, masafat atim, menzil Persian. Turkish. baran kishmish yaghmur quru uzum ritbah nadir, qalll, juredi {pi. jurc- diyah) qara, yaqra hadhir wara, akhir daraja, rutba, rutbe jah nadiran nadiran, az mush-e buzurg iri sichan khandan,khan oqumaq amadeh, hazir hazir 'aqab geri, arqa mu'akhkhar 'aqab-i-lashkar dumdar el-'askar sebeb {pi. as- bab) ' asi {pi. ' asiyin) jehat, mujib; sebeb. sabab yaghi ^si, zorba thorah wusul akhadh, ya' khudh tayish, jasur recoil (of gun, rafsah n,) recommenda- tion reconnoitre tughyan 'isyan, tughyan qabz-e rasid maqbuz senedi giriftan almaq bi-parwa, jesiir, yigit bi-i'tina lagad zadan geri.-tepish recruit red reed taw^Iyah (let- ter) keshshef; jesses (of espionage) 'asker jadid sifarish tavsiye keshf etmek ahmar qasbah, bardi istikshaf kardan sarbaz-i-tazeh yeni qur'a, 'ajami (nefer) qirmiz, surkh qirmizi nai qamish G^LOSSARIES OF WORDS 441 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. rain {n.) antzrev baran mitra raisins cliamich maiwJzh, kishmisbta. keshmish yabbisbe ram (v.) khoy range (firing asparez, hangau, masa- - masafa, qyas distance) michots fab rank (position , gark.. badiv, martabah, dergha n.) astidjan qadr rarely toun-oureq, bkemabi, na- nadiran, bkem- sagav-oureq diran aiitha rat medz moug mishk mazin read gartal khwandin, qrele khwinin • ready badrasd hazir hadhir rear hedguys, ye- diimabi, 1-bathra devn lapasbe rearguard vercbabah pashe 'askare kharayutha (zorq) d-askar reason (cause, badjar, sabab sabab n.) nbadag rebel absdamp. em- post 'asi yaghi rebellion absdampoutiun asawat, zorba- khiyanatutha dari receipt engalakir gahisbt, wusiil qubz receive (v.) entounil, sdanal qabul kirin mqabil reckless anhok jasur, beparwa jasiir recoil (of gun, engrgil, yed bar-pash rapsa d-topang n,) tarrnal hatini recommenda- hantznararou- tausiyab, tion tiun sipartini reconnoitre shrchil, khou- kashf kirin, zargel j as us kirin recruit norabavaq 'askar nii nazama zorq khatha red garmir s5r, al smoqa reed yegbek, srink qamlsh, chiq zlla, pisa 442 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. refugee shari firari mubajir refuse {v.) rafadh, yarfadh inkar kardan, istememek kun regiment alai fauj alai regret (v.) te'essef, afsus khurdan, te'essuf etmek yete'essef kbur regular nidhami sarbaz-e nizam nizami (soldier) regulation qanun {fl. qaniin, qa'ideh L nizam, qawanin) usul reinforcements imdad madad, qu- imdad, shun-i-tazeb istinadat reins suyiir, 'inan 'inan gem qayisbi, • dizgin relations qarayib {sing. qaum-u khish kbisimlar, (kindred) qarib) aqriba release (v.) atlaq, yutliq rahanidan, salivermek or fekk, raban yafukk reliefs tebdilat madad tebdilat religion din mazbab din remain baqa, yibqa mandan, man qalmaq. dhall, yadba] il durmaq remember tedhekker, yad dasbtan, kbatirlamaq. yetedhekker dar onutmamaq remittance tiawalab vajb-e firis- bawalib, tab- (money) tada wil, politsha rent {n.) ijar, karwab kiraya qira repeat kerrer, takrar kardan , tekrar soilemek yukerrir kun reply {n.) jawab javab jevab report {v.) qerrer, ittila' dadan, taqrir etmek, (official) yuqarrir deb isbare etmek, kbabervermek report {n.) taqrir ittila' taqrir at representative wakil (agent) namayanda. vekil vakil GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 443 English. Armenian. Kurdish Syriac. refugee pakhesdagan muhajir, dak- hil refuse {v.) merzhel qabul nakir la qbille, rfizle regiment zorakount alai regret (v.) tsavil, apsosal asaff kir, m'usufle tengi regular ganonavor 'askar nazami 'askaraya (soldier) (zork) or khalis regulation gark, ganon qanun reinforcements nor uyzlier imdad, hari reins yerasan, santz lighau relations azkaganner khizm, ahl (kindred) release {v.) artzagel az kir, berdan qanona madad leghema kliizme 'ewedhle aza reliefs religion remain remember remittance (money rent {n.) repeat reply (n.) report {v.) zoravik, baba- gapokhoutiun zorats gronq mnal hisbel trami pokhana- tsoum vartzq grgnel badaskban lour dal,deghe- gakrel report (n.) degbegakir representative nergayatsout- sicb, pokha- nort isai, bar, bawar din main, rawastin labir batin amanat, tas- limhaq kir a, kire takrar kir jawab iqrar kir taqrir wakil, na'ib bawar, *aun toditba pisble itbele 1-bale, tkbere kiri tnele juwab ewedble iqrar sbidble iqrar, sabdu- tba wakil 444 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS republic repulse (n.) request (n.) reserve (military, n.) reservoir hodh Arabic. Persian. jamhuiiyah jumhur difa' difa' talbah, istid'a khahish radif radif ab-ambar Turkish. jumhuriyet maghlubiy^t (defeat) rija redif, ihtiyat- khazna, sarnij isti'fa resignation , isti'fa isti'fa resistance muqawamah, muqawameh muqaveme difa' musirr, tbabit, ba 'azm sabit qadem resolute respect (n.) rest (v.) restaurant result retreat [n.) retreat (v.) return (v.) reveille {n.) azim i'tibar istarah, yastarih sufrakhanah. loqandab natijab insihab insahab, yan sahib reja', yirja' yat burasi (Turkish) waridah ihtiram jesur hurmet aramidan, istirahat et- aram mek ashpaz-khaneh loqanda yemekkhane natijeh netije *aqab nisha- geri chikilish, stan rij'at *aqab raftan, geri chikilmek, rau rij'at etmek- baz amadan, donmek, geri ai gelmek, avdet etmek buq-e bidari yat burasi maliyat, irtifa' irad varidat Revenue Idarahmaliyah Idara-ye mali- Idare-i-maliye Department yat reverse (n.) *aks (opposite) shikast 'aqs review (troops, munadharah san-bini n.) resmi gechid GLOSSARIES OF WORDS U^ English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac, republic hanrabedou- tiun jamhiiriyah jamhurlya repulse (n.) yemghel daf ' , tard, ravandini mubserta request (n.) khntirk darkhaz, mu- rad, talab matlab, ba'uta reserve bahesd, bahes- - redif (military, n.) dazor reservoir chrampar, ava zan - hauz, sarinj hawuz resignation hrazharoum isti*fa, 'azl rapeta d-ida resistance timatroutiun zakhmutha, klaya resolute anveher, has- tadamid sabit, ba'azm thabit respect (n.) medzaranq hurmat, abru, sharni iqara rest {v.) hank-stanal isai or tana or askan, hu nikhle restaurant jasharan lokanda lokanda, result hedevanq, yelq • natija retreat {n.) nahanch lapisht cboine izala l-bathra retreat (v.) nahanchel lapisht chon izelle l-bathra return (v.) veradarrnal wagarian, da- hatin d'ere reveille (n.) artentsir I yelir buri, tanbih moiisha revenue yegamoud, tahsilat, kherj d-malku- has waridat tha Revenue Yegamoudi Tahsilat ma- Waziriitha Department Bashdonaran murl d-kherj reverse (n.) tzakhoghanq hazimat, shik- asti, ravandi basarutha [ review (troops ), veraqnnel, sardi ' askar yukhlama n.) qnnatadel 446 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. revolution thorah thaureh, haya- ■ tehavvul (revolt) jan revolver warwar shish-luleh alti-patlar, revolver rheumatism rih dard-i-mafa§il yel rib dhar(39?. ustukhan-i- qaburgha dhum*) pahlii rice timmen. shileb ► birinj pirinj rich ghani, zengin tawangar, mutamauwal zengin ride rekeb, yirkab suwar shudan , binmek, at ile shau gitmek rider khayyal suvar atli riding-horse hisan er- rukiib asp-i-suwari binek at, at rifle tufkah, matli tufang tufenk rifleman tuflak tufangchi silah-endaz right yimna, yamln rast sagh (right (right hand) ; hand) ; tammam doghru (correct) (straight) right away yallah birau ! bis- doghrudali- mi'Uah ! doghruya ring (finger, n. ) mahbas, kha- tim (seal) angushtar yiiziik ripe mustawi rasideh, pukhteh 61 mush river shat, shatt, riid-khaneh nehir, sii, chai nahr (small) irmaq road darb, tariq rah vol road (camel) tariq el-]imal rah-i-shutur deve yolu road (mule) iariq el-baghal rah-i-qatir qatir yolu road tariq min shoseh shose (metalled) ma' dan road tariq wa*ir rah-i-wa'ir *adi yol, 'araba (unmetalled) yolu GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 447 t English, Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. revolution heghapokhou- 'a§awat qarpi- 'isyan (revolt) tiun, absdam- poutiun vetsharvadziai nat revolver I warwar warwar rheumatism rhomatism, vosgratsav rib goghq parsu, parasu parasuwa rice jrintz prinj rizza rich larousd daulamand, 'attira, daula- zengin mand ride tsiavarel hedznel suwar bii rkiile rider tzi hedzogh suwar, khay- yal rakawa riding-horse hedzelatzi aspe suwari siisa d-raka- wiitha rifle hratsan tufak, tfeng tfakta rifleman hratsanagir tfenkjl yamlna right ach (right rast (right hand) ; hand) ; tupangchi oughigh drest (straight) right away on arrach ! yalla ! harra! birau! si qlo* ! ring (finger, n. ) madani hangustir, gostirik, amuswan 'jziqtha ripe hasoun gehia, gahish- tu, chebia bshila river ked av, riibar nehra, shatta road janabar, oughi jampa rre, ria, rraiga urkha road (camel) oughdi jampa road (mule) chorii jampa road khj oughi, (metalled) shose road hasarag jampa (unmetalled) 448 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English, Arabic . Persian. Turkish. robber harami {fl. haramiyeh) duzd khirsiz robbery sirqah, teslib duzdi khirsizlik rock {n.) §akhr {fl. sukhiir) sang qaya rocky musakhkhar sang-lakh qayali roof sath, sagf (ceiling) bam dam room gubbeh, 5dhah iitaq oda root 'irq bikh kiik rope habl(2?Lhibal) risman ip, halat (cable) rotten fasid (smelling), pusideh chiiriik kharban rough khashin durusht, zibr puruzlu, sert dalghali (sea) round {adj.) mudawwar mudauwar, yuvarlaq, gird deyirmi row {v). jedhef, yijdhaf paru zadan, kiirek zan chekmek rubbish zabalah khas-u kha- supuruntu shak or khai :- ruba rudder sukkan sukkan dumen ruddy ahmar qirmizT, surkh qizil rug {n.) zuliyah farsh, qalicha kilim. keche (for prayer) sajadah ja-namaz sejjade ruins kharabat wairanha virane, or en run jara, yijri dawldan, dau qoshmaq rushes qasab nai qamish Russia Rusiyah Rus, Urus Rusya Russian Muskofi Rusi Moskov, Rusyali GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 449 English. robber robbery- rock {n.) rocky roof room root rope rotten rough round {adj.) row {v.) rubbish rudder ruddy rug {n.) (for prayer) ruins run rushes Russia Russian Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. kogh, avazag diz, jarda, ginawa mughlachi koghoutiua, dizi ginawutha avazagoutiun zhayrr bar, sug, git kepa or kipa zhajrrrayin daniq manzal, oda rih, kok baran, chvan waris, bang seniag armad pthadz goshd glor thiavarel avellsoug ; zibil (Turkish) teg garmrorag, garmrakuyn basdar sarban, sar- biqarshe, saqaf khane oda, manzal a§l, qara khaula spisa, serya razia, pis zbir la randa mudauwar, mudauwar, girover, khirr glola khar, mJrdar pushika dunbal. pishte durman gami sor, qrrmizi smoqa farsh, marsha, khali barrik {no such thing farsh, sajjadah khalicha used except by Moham- averag vazel kharabah kharaba ravi, ling da 'riqle hartzagmounq, chiqa * qanye khoyanq Rousia Urns, Misqof Illisqof Rousiatsi, Misqofi, Urusi Misqofaya Rous Ff 450 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish Sabbath sebt sabt pazar-giinii sack kis (small) ; goniyah (large) juwal torba sacred muqaddas muqaddas muqaddes, sherif sad hazin ghamgin miikedder, mahziin saddle {n.) serei zin eyer saddle {v.) serej, yisraj zin kardan, eyerlemek, eyer kun vurmaq saddlebag khurj khurj in heibe safe (adj.) amin bi-salamat sagh sailing-vessel safinah, mahailah kashti-yi-badi yelken gemisi sailor mellah ; kashti-ban, gemiji khala^i (on mallah river steamer) sails shuru' bad-ban, shira' ' yelkenler salary ma' ash mavajib ma' ash; ailiq • (monthly) salt milh namak tuz salute {n.) temenni ; tahiyeh, selam ta' dhim (milit.) sallam. salam salute (v.) sal am kardan, selamlamaq yusallim kun sally out {v.) kharaj *ala, kharij shudan. chiqish etmek yakhruj *ala shau same wahid, ferd hamin, bara- bir, farqsiz, shikl bar 'aini it is all the ma yukhalif hamin -ast ikisi bir same this is the hadha mithl in ba an yakist ikisi bir same as thai : dhak sand rami rig qiim GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 451 P English. Armenian, Kurdish. Syriac. Sabbath (Sunday) Gi- Sabt shabta • ragi ; (7th day = Satur- day) Shapat sack barg, dobrag juwal, kisa kisa sacred sourp, srpazan 1 haram, mu- qaddas qudlsha sad dkhour damai, dilsoti , ghabina. khamin pshlma saddle [n.) thamp zin sarga saddle {v.) thampel, hamedel zin kir msuregle saddlebag bayousag, khurjiq pashazin, khourjin khurjin safe {adj.) abahov amin, pana salamal sailing-vessel arrakasdanav sailor iiavasti mallah, ga- michi gamichi sails arrakastq salary toshag, vartzq haq, haiv, muwajib mahngana salt agh khwe melkha salute {n.) voghchuyn salam, selav • shlama salute {v.) voghchounel selav da drele shlama sally out {v.) khoyanal, hartzagel zhdarva hat npiqle baraye same nuyn wak, nazir mukhdaigid it is all the nuynn e har au bukh- awa bigiane same waya this is the jisd ador bes e au wak awa adhi mukh- same as that daigid adhi sand avaz khiz, rami khize, 'epra f£2 452 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. sandbank sandal hawi, ramli, jurf na*al(pZ. na'a pushte-yi-rig [) na'l, charuq sighliq chariq sandy Saturday ramali Yom es-sebt rigi Shambeh qiimlu Jum'a-ertesi saucepan saucer sausage save saw (w.) tawah sa^in, ma'un bastarmah khallas ; yukhallis (rescue) minshar digcheh na'lbakl or nalbaki sasisam, char- ghanda, or rij da-qe aganda rahanidan, rahanornaja dadan, deh arreh tenjere finjantabaghi sujuq (dry) ; - bumbar (fresh) qurtarmaq destere say I say gal, yagul ana agul guftan, giii mi-giiyam soilemek, de- mek deyorim thou sayest inta tagul mi-gu'i deyorsin he says hua yagul mi-giiyad deyor we say ihna nagul mi-gii'im deyoriz you say int« tagulun mi-gii'id deyorsiniz they say hum yagulun mi-giiyand deyorlar I shall say ana agul khaham guft deyejeyim I said ana gult guftam dedim scales (balance, mTzan pilla, kiffa terazi, mizan n.) scarcely bil-kad; bi-sa'ubeh (with diffi- culty) bi-dushwari nadiran, he- man, giich hal He GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 453 i English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. sandbank avazap, ava- zathoump sandal drekh kalik, rashik, cliarokh soli sandy- avazod Saturday Shapat Shamba, Yauma Shamu d-shabtba saucepan san, aman qazan, tan jura distitba, qidbra saucer kavati aman zhirpiala, bin- bashqap tas, aman d-steikan sausage yercMg mambar, muhsbi save prgel khalas kir mkhulisle saw {n.) say I say thou sayest he says we say you say they say I shall say I said sghots usel, asel yes g asem or g'usem tou g'ases or g'uses an g'ase or g'use meng g'asenq or g'usenq touq g'aseq or g'useq anonq g'asen or g'usen yes bidi asem or bidi usem yes asetsi or usi scales (balance, gshirr n,) scarcely haziv harrek, mashar masarta, min- shar baizhin, gotin imere az dabaizhim kimrin tu dabaizhe kimret au dabaizhet kimer am dabaizhin Mmrokh hun dabai- kimrutun zhin wan dabai- kimri zhin az dabaizhim bid'amren ma got imeri terazun, shin masatha nadiran, nadiran bkemahi 454 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turhish. scatter sbettet, pasbidan, dagbitmaq, yusbettit pasb sacbmaq scbool medresab, maktab, mad- • mekteb mekteb raseb scissors maqas§ miqraz maqass scout {n.) kasbsbafab {fl.) ; sab- barab talaya-dar izji, kesbaf screw (pro- parwanab cbarkb isqru peller) sea bahr darya deniz seal (stamp, n .) muhr mubr mubr sealing-wax lukk lak mubr-bal- mumu searcbligbt nur barqi cbiraojb-i- kesbf-i-ziva barqi season fasl, musim fasl mevsim sea-wall musannayab deniz rikh- teme, dalgba qiran second (num- tbani duvum ikinji ber) secret (w.) sirr {ft, asrar) sirr, raz sirr secret {adj.) sirri sirri sirr, gizli secretary katib {fl. dabir, katib kyatib; sirr kuttab) kyatibi (private secretary) secretly sirran, kbufya- makbfi, gizli tan panban security emniyab; kafa- lab (pledge) ■ aman emniyet see sbaf, yasbiif or ra'a, vara didan, bin gormek GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 455 English. scatter school scissors scout {n.) Armenian. tsrvel tbrots mgrad ted, bahaban jasus Kurdish. Syriac. blau kir, wa- mburbizle randin maktab madrasah miqash miqqas gashosha screw (pro- peller) sea seal (stamp, n. sealing-wax searchlight season sea-wall bdoudag dzov gniq gnqamom lousakhuyz (parosneren yev naveren artzagvadz khouzargou luys) yeghanag dzova-badnesh burghi,charkh burghi, charkh bahre, darya muhr, mur lak f asle sale yama mohr lak shukhlapa d-shata second (num- yergrort ber) secret {n.) kaghdniq secret {adj.) kaghdni secretary qartoughar, krakir dui, duani, treyana sani sirr, penhani raza katib katiba secretly security see kaghdnapar bdizi, zhepani b-raza, b-tushwa abahovoutiun, aman, pan- iltlzam, sala- yerashkhavo- hani, amnlat matutha routiun desnel ditin, chau khzele pai kir 456 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. seek dawwar 'ala, justan, ju aramaq yudawwir *ala or fettesh, yufettish seize kadhdh, ya- giriftan, gir ^abt etmek, kudhdh or tutmaq, girift lezem, yilzam etmek self nefs {fl. nuf us) khud, khish kendi sell baS yabi' furukhtan, furush satmaq semaphore simafor ishareh nama'i semafor send ba'ath, ylb'ath firistadan, gondermek, or arsal, yursi I firist irsal etmek sentry nobachi {fl.' qarawul, nobetji nobachiyah) pasban separate farraq, tafriqeh kar- ayirmaq {trans.) yufarriq dan, kun separately airi juda-juda airi airi sepoy- *asker hindi sipahi-ye hind sipahi September Ailul Mihr-mah, Ailul Eimi sergeant chawush wakil chawiish sergeant-major bash chawush vakil-e avval bash chavush servant khadim {fl. naukar hizmetji khuddam) serve khadam, khidmat kar- hizmet etmek, yikhdam dan, kun ishini gormek settle (an ac- sedd, yasidd ta'diya namu- hissablashmaq count) dan or kar- sazi kardan sew {v.) khayyat, yukhayyit) dukhtan, diiz dikmek GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 457 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. seek piitrrel taftish kir, mputishle pe garrian seize prrnel girt in erele self inqn khwa, bkhwa begian {with pronouns) sell dzakhel ferohtin, feroshtin mzubenne semaphore tzaynadar, tzaynapogh (kortzig vorov navabedn g'khosi) send ghrgel, ou- henartin, mshudere ghargel shandin sentry bahnort naubachi naubachi separate anchadel, juda or jia kir , preshle (trans.) pazhnel pishirandin separately zad zad parcha-parcha >, b-prishutha yak-yak, juda juda sepoy zinvor hntgas- tani sipahi/askar rajala September Sepdemper Aimi Ilul sergeant hisnabed chawish chawish sergeant-ma j( Dr hisnabed wakil bashi, chaush d-ta- chawish bur servant dzarra, sbasa- khulam, nau- ghulama kha> vor ker dim serve dzarrael, khizmet kir khdimle sbasavorel settle (an ac- hashiv vdjarel count) hisab kirin, haq dan qate sew {v.) garel dirun, duran- khetle din 458 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. sextant shade {n.) shake shallow shame (n.) shave {v.) sheep sheet (bed) Arabic. sextant Persian, u^turlab Turkish. sextant dhul. fe sayeh giilge, saye harrak, ynhar- takan dadan, sarsmaq, salla- rik or nafadh, deh yanfudh gesh, (moi) payab qalil 'aib sharm zeyyin, yuzey- tirashidan, yin tirash ghanam gusfand charchaf chadar maq sigh hi jab, ayib trash etmek qoyun charshaf sheet (of paper)warqah varaq shell (n.) guUeh {fl. gulel) khumpareh shell {v.] ship shirt shoal tabaqa mermi, qiim- bara dharab bi-top, khumpareh an- qumbara yadhrab bi- dakhtan, an- atmaq top daz markab kashti, jahaz sefine, gemi qami§ ; thob pirahan gomlek (outer shirt) shelhah dasta sigh yer, sighliq shoe {n.) qandarah, . kafsh, pineh papush, qun- papush dura shoe {v.) na'*al, yuna"il na'l band kar- na'alamaq dan, kun shoot rama, yarmi gululeh an- tufenk atmaq or dharab bi dakhtan, an- ra§a§, yadhrab daz or tir an- dakhtan, andaz shop dukkan {fl. dukkan diikyan dukakin) shore sahil kinar, sahil sahil, sii kenari GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 459 Emjlish. Annenian. Kurdish. Syriac. sextant sextant, angiunachap shade {n.) shouk, sdver si, keresi tella shake tsntsel, takandin, ju- npi?le sharzhel mandin, we- shandin shallow dzandzagh borr borre, duktha di-psa'a shame {n.) amot sharm, ruswai hishmat , 'aiba shave [v.) adzilel tirash kir, kur kir gre'le sheep vochkhar meh, paz 'erba sheet ( bed) savan jajim, char- chaf ghata, jajim sheet (of paper) terfc kaghaz tabaqa shell in.) rroump gunbilta d-tope shell (v. rrmpaharel ship shirt shoal shoe {n.) shoe (v.) shoot nav shabig tzgneram goshig baydel, nalel kndagaharel, zarnel garni, markab markwa kiras siidra jama' at, guriih qumsal (crowd) ; na- kur, na-qol, borr (shallow) sol, pelav, na'l §aule, na*la na'l kir mnu'elle avitin, taqan- twere nishan din shop shore khanout, krbag ap, yezerq dikkan dikkana nezike ave, sa- siptha d-maya hil 460 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turhish. short qa^Ir kutah qiRsa shot (act) ramyah, chelah tir, guliileh qurshun, sachma shot (bullets) sechem shoulder kitif {dual kitifen) dush omuz shout (v.) sah, yasih bang zadan, baghirmaq shovel (w.) mijraf zan paru kiirek show (v.) shawwaf, yu- namiidan, gostermek shawwif; bey - nuina yen,yubeyyen (prove) shrapnel shrapnel shrapnel shrapnel shrine mazar (place of mazar ziyaret visitation) shut {see close) sedd, yasidd bastan, band qapamaq sick maridh, waj'an bimar, na- khasta, keifsez khush sickle menjel das oraq side janib, sob pahlii yan, janib siege muhasarah muhasareh muhasere sieve mankhal, gharbal ghirbal elek, qalbur sight (of gun) neshengah nishangah nishan-gyah signal isharah isharat isharet silent, to be seket, yiskut khamush shu- sus Imaq or dan, shau m ^ sukiit etmek sakit shudan, shau silting radm, ditilah gil-band qum ve cha- mur seddi silver {adj.) min fidhdhah nuqra'i glimiish silver (n.) fidhdhah nuqreh glimiish short shot (act) shot (bullets) shoulder shout (v.) shovel (n.) show {v.) GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 461 Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. garj kurt kerya harvadz, sachma, risas gunbilta, sach- kndag ma ous, thigounk mil, pil rusha kochel, tsayn dang or hawar m'uyitle, dal kir, kalin §rekhle thiag paru, hestiv roshta, marra tsuyts dal nishan da mukhzele, mukhwele shrapnel shrapnel (pegorq bay- thogh kndagi) shrine khoran shut {see close) kotsel, pagel sick hivant sickle mankagh side goghm siege basharoumn sieve magh sight (of gun) nshanatsuyts (hratsani) signal nshan, aztan- shan silent, to be Irrel, lourr nmal mazar,. ziaiat ziarat bestin, kuch- ghleqle andin nasakh, nakh- kriha, nakh- wosh wosh dasik, manjal, magla turdas,dasiila teref, janib janib, dipna hisar hisar bezhing, helik, sarida tiilak, pala nishangah sipa nishangah nishan nishan dav girt, be- shtiqle dang bii silting silver (adj.) silver {n.) dghmalits ardzathia ardzath gilband ziv, ziw skara sema 462 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. since (prepos.) min ta, az waqti keh -danberi(si(^a;) since (adv.) ba'ad since (because) li-an, min heth sinful khati gunahqar gunahli sing (v.) ghanna, yug- avaz khandar L, turku chaghir- hanni sarayidan maq sink {trans.) gharraq, yu- gharq kardan, batirmaq gharriq kun sink {intrans.) ghariq, gharq shudan , batmaq yaghraq shau sir (to native) effendim aqa effendim, agha (to European) sahib aqa, miisqu bey effendi, chelebi sister ukht {]pl. khahar, qiz-qardash akhawat) hamshlreh sit qa'ad, yaq'ad; nishashtan, oturmaq jeles, yijlis nishJn size kubr andaza . biiyiiklik skilful mahir hunarmand, zaring hiinerli skin (inflated) garbah mashk tulSm, kelek skirmish munawashah zad-u khurd, qaravuli cherkha sky es-sema asman gok slaughter in.) dhibh kushtar qirim slaughter [v.) dhebeh, kushtan, kush kesmek, helak yidhbah etmek sleep {n.) nom khabidan uyqu sleep {v.) nam, yanam khabidan, khab uyumaq sleeve kumm {pi. astin kol - akmam), rudn slow bati; muta- 'akhkhar (of watch) yawash, yawash yavash slowly ahisteh yavash yavash ^ala kef small saghir kuchak ufaq, kiichlik GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 463 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. since (prepos.) horme hede zhwakht min since {adv.) minch since (because] ) kanzi min sabab sinful meghavor gunahkar. khudan suj khiltana sing (v.) yerkel istiran bezhin ban kirin , zamir sink (trans.) s ouzel, ungghmel mughriqle sink {intrans.) souzil. dabinda or bin . ghariqle ungghmil av cho sir (to native) baron khwaja, agha effendi (to European l) baron baig, bag sahib sister quyr khushk, khung runishtin khatha sit nsdil itule size chap, hasag mazinati, giirutha gaurai, qadar skilful jardar, hmoud 'aqil, tezhfahm shatir, mahir skin (inflated) dig, barg charm, ziqq ziqqa skirmish tetev grriv sharr sky yerginq, ot asman rqi'a slaughter (w.) godoradz nkhara slaughter [v.) godorel, sbanel qoun kiishtan, zabh nkhere sleep {n.) khawa, khau shintha, dma- kha sleep {v.) qnanal newestin dmikhle sleeve thev bal, huchik darpilta, brai- dhatha slow gamats pegiran, ya- wash yaqura slowly gamatsoug yawash ya- wash hedi h^di small poqr, manr bechuk, hur zora 464 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic, Persian. Turkish, smaller asghar kuchaktar daha kiichiik smallpox jidri abila chichek 'illeti smell {n.) rihah bu qoqu smell {trans.) ishtemm, bu kardan, qoqlamaq yashtemm kun smell (to stink) antan, yuntin muta'affin qoqmaq shudan, shau smoke (n.) dukhan dud duman smoke (to- sharab titen, tutun kashi- tiitiin ichmek bacco, V.) yishrab titen dan, kash smooth malis saf , hamwar diiz smuggling tehrib tahrib az gum - qachirma ruk or az gun i- ruk gurlzan^ dan snake hayyah mar yilan snow {n.) thelj barf qar so (thus) hichi chunln or in taur boile so and so (n.) fulan fulan filan soap sabiin §abun sabiin sock jorib {pi, juwa rib) - jurab chorab soft leyyin narm yimushaq soil (earth) trab "khak topraq soldier *asker sarbaz 'asker solid qawi, jamid mujassam metin, qavi some shweya qadri bazi somebody f erd wahid shakhsi bir kimse something ferd she chizi bir shei sometimes ba'dh e]- ba'zi auqat, ba'zi kerre awqat ahyanan somewhere fi ferd makan yakja bir yere, bir yerde son ibn {pi. benin) pisar oghl song ghina, naghmah awaz tiirkii, sharqi GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 465 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. smaller aveli poqr, poqrakuyn dzaghgakhd bechukter besh zora smallpox hawla, awlik', , shalqu, khwa- khiiri tlta smell (w.) hod behn, biien rikha smell [trans.) hododal, hod arrnel behin kir shqille rikha smell (to stink] 1 hodil behin da iwelle rikha smoke [n.) dzoukh dukal, diid tnana smoke (to- dzkhel tutun vakh- shtele tutun bacco, V.) warin smooth harth sa, hulu rakikha smuggling abi anq pakht- snel, maksa- nengoutiun qachagh snake otz mar khuwi snow (w.) tziun bafr taiga hatkha so (thus) aisbes, asang wasa, wusan so and so (n.) aisinch aininch flankas pi] an soap sabon sabun sabun sock koulba gora, jurav girwa soft gagough narm chalabi soil (earth) hogh 'ard,akh 'upra soldier zinvor 'askari 'askari solid amour qaim matin, zarbana some qich, mi qich, chand, hindik khakma qani me, qich me somebody mege, vomn kasak kha nasha something pan me tishtik, tishki kha mendi sometimes yerpemn jareki, jarjar khakma ga- hatha somewhere oureq, degh mi b'ardak be-khdha dUk- tha son vorti kurr, zaro brona song yerk stiran zmara ag 466 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. soon sooner sortie {n.) sound {adj.) sound (noise) sounding (water) soup sour sour milk south southern south wind sow [v.) Arabic. *an qarib, fi awwal waqt, bil-'ajel gab] Persian. zud zuttar khuruj, huj- hamla-ye mah khuruj sahih salim saut(2}/.aswat), §ada hiss ghumq el-moi miqyas shorbah hamidh leben jinub jinubi shergi zara', yizra* ab-i-gusht turush mast janub janubi bad-e janiib kashtan Turkish. chabuk, tez daha chabuq, daha erken khuruj, hujum sagh, saghlam ses isqandil etmesi chorba • ekshi yoghurt jenub, qibla jeniibi jenub dan esen ruzkiar ekmek spade spark sparrow speak spear {n.) specially specie spectacles speed misha, mihfar shararah * asf ur [fl. ' asa- fir) haka yahki or tekellam, yetekellam ramh {pi. ar- mah) khasusan makhsus nuqiid mandharat sur'ah, 'ajalah b!l akhgar, sharareh kunjishk naiza khususan naqd ainak sur'at bel, kiirek qighiljim, sherare serche guftan, giii soilemek gharghi, mizraq bashlija naqd, meskiu kiat gozlik siir'at GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 467 English. Armenian, Kurdish. Syriac. soon shoud zu qaliila sooner aveli shoud ziitir bush zoda sortie (w.) hartzagoum (azadvelou) hujiim plat ta le plasha sound {adj.) arroghch sakh saghh salim sound (noise) tzayn, hnchiun dang qala sounding dzovachapou- (water) tiun souj^ abour shorba shorba sour ththou tersh khamiisa sour milk madzoun mast masta south haraf junub, qiblat juniib, taimna southern harafayin tarefe qiblate south wind haravayin hov bae junub pokha temnaya sow (v.) tsanel, til avitin, kil- zare sernianel andin, chan- din spade prichj pah bial, ber, man • mawal, roshta, marra spark gaydz prisk, chrisk. pall , shararitha sparrow jnjghong chiiki, ma- sip I" a luchka, chuli speak khosel gotin, akhaftin muhkele spear {n.) ' nizag riim zerga, rumha specially hadgabes khusu§an, ga- lagter specie hnchoun tram naqd, ziv naqd spectacles agnots aineki, cha- wank chashmi speed arakoutiun lazi, sur'at sur'ah, qalii- lutha G g2 468 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. spend spirits Arabic. Persian. ?araf, yasrif ; sarf kardan enfeq, yunfiq araq spoon khashugal spring (season) rabi' spring (of *ain moi water) spur shabiir spy (w.) jasus squadron firqah nautical) squall (wind) dbarbah square {adj.) murabba' araq qasbuq bahar cbashmeh niihmJz jasus Turkish. sarf etmek, kharj etmek raqi qashiq ilk bahar punar, cheshme mahmuz jasus daste-yi-kasb- donanma, filo tiha-yi-jangi stable tolah bad-i-tund murabba' tawlleh bora dort kiisheli akbur staff (of army, arkan el-harb sar-kardagan- erkian-i-harb n,) e qushun stagnant (of khayis, wagif istada water) staircase stalks (of millet or maize) stallion derej saq nardban, pallet shakheb fahl {pl.iuhvd) asp-i-nar pill tambr stamp (postage, n.) stand (t;.) wagaf,yogaf or istadan, ist qam, yaqum star nejmah {fl. sitareh nujum) starboard yamin rast hard a-star- tammam board lil-yamm durghun, aq- maz merdiven saplar aighir, at pul ayaqda dur- maq, dikilmek yildiz sanjaq jiheti, sanjaq tarafi alabanda yali GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 469 English. spend spirits Armenian. dzakhsel Kurdish. kharj kirin 'araq Syriac. kharij 'araq kauchik, liask matamta bahar bahar kani 'aina sqata jasusa vokelits umpe- liq, oghi spoon ktal spring (season) karoun spring (of agbpiur water) spur kbtban, mtrag pishin spy {n.) Irdes jasus squadron koumardag ; (nautical) dormigh (of battleships) squall (wind) jich, aghaghag, ba mazin potorig square {adj.) qarragousi cbargoh, mu- murabba' rabba* stable akhorr, kom paga, akhur bikare stafT (of army, arkane harb n.) stagnant (of Ijatsadz (chour) be-harakat, karapech water) sakin, na- hingivin staircase sandukh pilakan, erde- van salal • simalta stalks (of tsoghoun shakh, pal qorma millet or maize) stallion krasd (mada- fahl, tamazalk fahla gakhantz) stamp namagatroshm pul marqa, tambr (postage, n.) stand {v.) ganknel rawustan qimle, klele star asdgh star, hassara kaukhwa starboard arrachagoghm navi last lianme hard a-star- ghegn tebi board ach 470 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. starvatioD (n.) ju' ; mot ju' gurus nagi ajliq hal {fl. ahwal) mahattah baq, yabuq bukhar, isbtim markab bu- khar, bakhirali fuladh min fuladh steering-gear alat el-idarah steersman sukkanchi stem (of ship) §adr el- markab state (condi- tion) station (rail- way) steal steam steamer hal mahattah duzdidan, duzd bukhar kashti-yi-bu- khari steel (n.) steel {adj.) akhir el-markab khadim *a§a, 'iidah ila '1-an rikab stern steward stick (n.) still (of time) stirrups stock (of a gun) qundaq(j9?.qa- nadiq) stoker nari, waqqad stomach batn, ma*dah «tone ha jar (pi. hijar) stony liajari stop (intrans.) wagaf, yogaf piilad puladi dumandu pishi-yi-jahaz pusht-i-jahaz chub-i-dasti hanuz, ta bi- hal rikab kundeh atashi shikam, mi' da sang-sar istadan, ist hal mahatta (in Syria), iskele, istasion chalmaq bughu, bukhar vapor chelik chelik dumen-aleti dumenji geminin bashi geminin qichi qamarot deinek, sopa daha, henoz iizengi qundaq vaporun ateshjisi qarin, mi'de tash tashli durmaq GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 471 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. starvation {n.) ansvagoiitiim, birsiti, birchi, kipna anotoutenne zhbirsa mi- merrnil state (condi- vijag tion) station (rail- gayan, gaya- ran koghnal shoki shokenav steal steam steamer rine, girani hal dizin bukhar tial gniile bukhar, liau- hara steel {n.) steel {adj.) steering-gear steersman stem (of ship) stern steward stick (n.) still {adv.) boghbad piila boghbadia sharzhich kortziq, aniv ghegavarich dumanchi klkhadzayr (navi) verchadzayr (navi) dndes,sbasavor (navi) kavazan dagavin khadim, khiz- matkar dar, gopal hatta nuha stirrups asbantag stock (of a gun) goth (hratsani) stoker stomach navi-gragarar porr, stamox stone qar stony qarod stop {intrans.) gank arrneJ auzum, zengi qundakh zik, mada bar rawustan, sakinin poladh min poladh dUmanchi ghulama qatta hul daha zangul qiindakha ma'dah, kasa, istiimka kepa mari kipi klele, smikhle 472 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. stores stork storm stormy- story stove straight strange strap strategy straw stream street strength stretcher stretcher- bearer strike strike camp string strong stupid subaltern submarine success suddenly sugar Arabic. arzaq, dha- khayir, alwas (grain) legleg dharbah 'ajaj hikayah sopa, bukhari 'adil, giibal (straight on) gharib, 'a jib ser fann el-harb tibn nahr, mejra shari', darb quwah sedyah shayyal dharab, yadhrib qala' el-khi- yam, yakhla' el-khiyam khait, siitli qawi thaqil, balid mulazim ghawwasah najah def'atan baghtatan sheker Persian. zakhlreh Turkish. tedariikyat, levazimat laqlaq, laklak leylek, haji baba tufan tufani hikayat bukhari rast gharib tasmeh fann-i-muha- rabeh kah jui khiyaban zur firtina firtinali hikyaye soba doghru yabanji, gharib qaish sevq el-jeish saman chai, su soqaq quvvet takhta hamil-e takhta zadan, zan chadirha kandan, kun vurmaq chadirleri qaldirmaq risman qawi na-dan quvvetli 'aqlsiz, shashqin nayib mulazim ghauwaseh tahtu'1-bahr zafar muvafaqiyet nagah ap-ansiz, bir- den-bire qand, shakar sheker GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 473 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. stores mtherq zakhira, anbar zakhira, 'anbar stork arakil laglag, hajji laglag laglag storm potorig, mrrig tufan, farta- tavia, kara- nah pech, tufan stormy potorgalits story badmoutiun khabar, qis§at, haqyat chiruk stove chermots agirdan, ku- suba chik, bikhairi straight shidag, drest, rast drest, 'adil, dus oughigh strange odar gharib nakhraya strap yeriz, pog qaish qaisha strategy rrazmakidou- tiun straw hart ka, kah tuna stream arrou, vdag av, rubar nehra, rubara street poghots kolan alola strength uyzh, zorou- zur, haz, zakhmutha tiun quwwat stretcher badkarag takhtah takhta stretcher- badkaragagir hammale hammal d- bearer takhtah takhta strike zarnel, khpel strike camp vranel bar kirine mat'one string lar, thel risi, pat gdhala strong zoravor khurt, qawi zakhma stupid aboush bemezh, ah- sakhla, ahmaq subaltern entasba maq bichuk mamur nayib submarine submarin success hachoghoutiun najah ghalibutha suddenly hangardz ghaflatan, shghafle, zhneshklwa nagestan sugar shakar shakar shekar 474 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. sugar-cane suitable summer sun Sunday- sunrise sunset supper supplies surgeon surrender (trans.). See also give in survey (v.) Arabic. qasab esh- sheker muwafiq shems Yom el-ahad tulii' esli- shems ghuriib esh- shems 'asha arzaq, muiiimmat jarrah sellem, yusel- lim Persian. nai-shakar munasib tabistan aftab Turkish. sheker qamishi miinasib, laiq yaz giinesh Yekshambeh Bazar-gunu tulu'-i-aftab giin doghusu gburub-i-aftab ghurub, giin batisi sham zakbireh jarrah sipurdan, sipar aqsham ta'ami levazimat jerrah teslim etmek hendes, yuhen- misfihat kar- (araziyi) olch- dis dan mek surveyor suspected sweet swelling (n.) swim (v.) switch (of rail- way, n.) sword syphilis Syria table tactics muhendis mashbuh hulu, *adhb (of water) wurum massah mazniin shirin amas muhendis shubheli, maznun tatli shish, shishlik sebeh, yisbah shinawari kar- yiizmek dan, kun maqass mil-e naqqala- ye rah-e ahan sef {'pl. suyuf) shamshir qilij frengi kuft frengi, efrenj Esh-Sham, Suriya mez harakat harbiyah Sham Sham miz trebeze, sofra tadabir-i-har- ta'biye el-jeish biyeh GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 476 English. sugar-cane suitable summer sun Sunday sunrise sunset supper supplies Armenian. shaqareghek harmar amarr arev Giragi arevadzak arevamoud entriq bashareghen surgeon virapuyzli surrender hantznel {trans.). See also give in survey (v.) kednachapel surveyor suspected sweet swelling {n.) swnm (v.) switcli (of rail- way, n.) sword syphilis Syria table tactics yergrachap gasgadzeli anoush ourruytsk loghal jiugh, aqdzan sour, tliour fransagan akhd S3rria seghan rrazmakhagh, tactis Kurdish. munasib, leha- tin havin tav, tau Yeksbamb rubalat, su- bahi kbwatawa, ghurub shiv, cliaish- tashav zakhira jarrah, hakim teslim kir masahat or handasat kirin muhandis bshubha, bguman shirin ba girtine, panamiani malavan bii Syriac munasib, laiq qaita shemsha Khaushaba isaqa d-yauma gnaya d-yauma kharamsha zakhira jarral;!, hakim msulemle makhi-tanap tanapchi khii shubha haluya zirta skhele shir saipa farangi, maraz khabis Sham Suriya, Sham mez, sifra mez, sifra 476 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. tail dhel {pi. dhu- yul) ; liyah (of sheep) dum quiruq tailor {n.) khayyat khaiyat terzi take akhadh, ya'khudh giriftan, gir almaq talk (v.) haka, yahki harf zadan, zan or guft-u-gti kardan, kun qonushmac tall tawil, 'all buland bala iizun boilu tame alif dast-amuz alishmish tank hodh daryacha, hauz sarnij tar (n.) qir qir qatran target nishan nishan nishan tarpaulin mushemma' mushamma' mushamba taste (v.) dhaq, yadhuq chashidan, chash tatmaq tax (n.) mTri, resm. baj vergi 'oshor (tithe) 5 khumas (i) tea chai chai chai tea-cup piyalah finjan chai finjani tea-pot kurl qiiri chailiq teach 'allam, ta*lim dadan. ogretmek yu'allim deh or amiikhtan, amuz tear (v.) shaqq, yashuqq pareh kardan, yirtmaq telegraph {n.) telegraf teleghraf telegraf telegraph telegraf- teleghraf- telegraf-khane office khanah khaneh telescope darbin durbin buzurg durbin tell qal li-, yaqul li- - guftan, gui soilemek GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 477 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. tail aki, ' boch ' duv, dunk, tiipra dulik, boch tailor (n.) tertzag derzi derzi take arrnel, vertsnel helgirtin, shqille birin, standin talk {v.) zroutsel, gotin, akhav- muhkele khosel tin tall yergayn drezh yarikha tame undani, undell kedi, ahli kadi, ahli tank avazan litch, sarinj hawliz tar {n.) sev tziut qlr, zift qir target nshaged, nshan momlat, mo- nishan nishan tarpaulin mushamma' mushamma' mazodz gdav ; monshamba (Turkish) taste {v.) jashagel tam kir tme'le tax (n.) harg, dourq baj kherj tea chay, they chai chai tea-cup teyi-kavat fiujane chai isteikau, chini tea-pot teyaman kiize or tan- jure chai chaipas teach sorvetsnel talim kir, dasi b muliple ousoutsanel da tear (v.) badrrel deryan,bizdan din - jiqle telegraph {n.) herrakir teleghraf teleghraf telegraph herrakradoun teleghraf- teleghraf khana office khanah telescope herratidag dorbin dorbina tell usel, asel gotin, khabar da mukhbere 478 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turhish. tenant (n.) musta'jir musta'iir qiraji tent chadir, khemah khaimeh, chadir chadir tent-peg watad {pi. autad) mikh chadir qazighi tent -rope habl el-chadir rasan, tanab chadir ipi than min az -dan {suffix) thank sheker, shukr kardan, teshekkiir yishkur kun etmek that {conj.) ann ki ki that {pron.) hadhak (fern. hadhik) an o, ol thaw (n.) dhawaban gudaz-i-yakh qarlarin erimesi thee -ek {fern, -eki tu-ra Sana {dat.), serii or -ech) {accus.) their -hum {suffix) -i-ishan {sujffix ) onlarin theirs malhum mal-i-ishan onlarin-ki them -hum {suffix) ishan-ra onlara {dat.), onlari {accus.) then (at that hadhak el-waqt dar an waqt ol vaqit time) then (after thumma ba'd az an ondan soiira that) thence min hinak az anja oradan there hinak anja orada there is aku hast or manjud var ast thermometer mizan el- miqyas-i- mizan-i- hararah hararat hararet these (pron.) hadhol, hel inha bunlar they hum ishan onlar thick thakhin kuluft, ambiih L qalin (of trees, &c. ) . " thief harami, bawwaq duzd khirsiz thimble kushtiban angushtaneh yiiksiik thin raqiq, dha'if, khaflf laghar, nazik inje, za'if thine malek (/em. maleki) mal-i-tu seninki GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 479 English. tenant (n.) tent tent-peg tent -rope than thank that {conj.) that (pron.) thaw (n.) thee their theirs them then (at that time) then (after that) thence there there is Armenian. vartsagal vran vranatsits, vrani tsits vrani lar qan shnorhagal linel the, zi, vor at, ayt, ayn tsogh kez, skez Kurdish. kirchi, kirikir mal, kun, cha- dir senk, mikh bang, rist zh . . . la , . shiker kir ki av, an av buyan ta, tii anonts -wan, awan anontsn yawan zanonq (accws.) -wan anonts (dat.) an-aden avjar, wejare aba, hedo andi, ande- zhwedare, ghen zhera ayn-degh, ant audare, aora ga haya thermometer chermachap these {pron.) they thick thief thimble thin thine asonq anonq tantzr, khid kogh, avazag madnots nosr, barag qougt van, aman van, awan ustur, tir (of liquid) diz kishtabani zrava, larr yata, mal eta Syriac. ijaradar kwina, chader stunta khaula de- kwina min shkere, tanen minta d- awa, 6 pishrana -6kh(yem.-akh) -waihi diyaihi -naihi ai gah bar min tama tama Tth ghaliz, qishya (of liquid) ganawa kishtabani naqidha, ra- qlqa dyokh 480 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. thing she chiz shei think ifteker, yaf- pindashtan, diishunmek. tekir pindar zann etmek thirst {v.) 'atish, ya'tash tishneh shu- dan, shau siisuz olmaq thirsty 'atshan tishneh susuz this hadha {fern. hadhi), hel in bu thither ila hinak ta anja oraya thorn siiok khar diken camel -thorn 'agiil khar-e shutur devc dikeni those {fron.) hadholak ; hadhik (of thiDgs) anan, anha onlar thou enta or inta {fem. enti) tu s6n thread khait {fl, khuyut) nakh, rishteh iplik threaten hedded, yu- tahdid kardan, tehdid etmek, heddid kun qorqatmaq threshing dos khirman kiibi kharman (et- mek) throat halq galu boghaz through fl, bi- az miyan-e -dan {suffix) thunder ra*d, qaraqf ra'd gok giirlemesi Thursday Yom el- khamis Panjshambeh Pershembe thy -ek {fem. -eki or -ech) tick (insect) qarad kene GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 481 English. thing think thirst {v.) thirsty this thither thorn camel-thorn those {fron.) Armenian, pan, ir mdadzel, khorhel dzaravil dzaravi ays Kurdish, tishtak fakkirin tihna or tl, bu tina, tl av, ama Syriac, mindi mtukhminne shele §ehya adhi, aha on antr, hon lawedare tama poush derrik, duiru, kitwa khar derrik, duiru, kitwa d-giimh^ khar adonq, anonq van anai thou thread threaten threshing throat through thunder Thursday thy tick (insect) tou the], tertzan sbarrnal gamnel, tsoren dzedzel gogort meg goghmen miuse, me- chen, michot- sav vorodoumn Hinkshapti qou tziasdats (michad), gene, gana tu ayet, ate risi, dezhi, gdhadha machir tahdid kir ewedhle tahdid malish kirine, la bidar avi- tin, daq kirino giirl, gilii, qur- qdhala rig liniv, zhniv m-go dandar, dangi gargimma asman, hau rataqa Penjshamb Khamshau- shaba nil 482 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian, Turkish. ticket teskerah balit, tikat billet, teskere tidal dhu medd §ahib-i-madd medd ve u jazar jezr-den tide medd wa-jizr madd ii jazar suyun qabar- masi ve chekil- mesi fiood tide medd madd medd ebb tide jizr jazr jezr tie {v.) shedd, yashidd bastan, band baghlamaq tight mashdud sift, tang siqi Tigris (R.) Ed-Dijla Dijla Dijla tile {n.) qarmid (flat- shaped) sufal, qarmid kiremid, tughla till hatta ta -e -qadar time waqt {pi. waqt, gah, vaqit auqat) zaman what time is besh es-sa'ah 2 che sa'at ast, sa'at qach dir ? it? or sa' at chand ast? (number n.) marrat, nob at daf a' at defa timid khayif, khawwaf tarsan, tarsu qorqaq tired ta'ban khasteh yorghun tithe («.) *oshor; khu- mas (i), da h -yak ondaliq, ushr to ila bi- -e, -a {suffix) tobacco titen tambaku, tutun tiitiin to-day el-yom imruz bu giin toe iisbu' er-rijl anffusht-i-pa ayaq parmaghi to-morrow bukrah, bacher farda yarin GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 483 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syrictc. ticket domsag sanad, billet, tikat bilit tidal deghadvayin tide yev magn- tatsayin magntatsou- tiun yev-degh advoutiun - flood tide ebb tide tie {v.) (flow and ebb) had] el, partz- madde bahre ranal (chour dzovi) nvazil (chour jazre bahre dzovi) gabel giri kir, sha- dandin i?ere tigbt bind, birg tang hazlqa. Tigris (R.) Dikris Ave mazin. hezzoqa Digiat tile [n.) gghmindr karpechj hajur karpech till minchev hatta, ta hul time zhamanag zaman, wakht zauna wbat time is ; zhame kani e ^ ' chi wakhta ? Ba*at k-ma it? ileh? (number, n.) timid ankamner yergchod jara, naqla tersok, kemdil gahi zadoa tired tithe (n.) hoknadz dasanort wasta, manig deh-ek, 'ushr jihya siraya to tobacco arr, i dzkhakot, tu- tun la, -e {suffix) tutun ta, 1- {frejix) tutun to-day toe aysor vodqi mad avro, amro telpe idyo subeta d-aqla to-morrow vaghn subahi, baiani §apra nh2 484 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turhish. tongue lisan {fl. alsinah) zaban dil to-night hel-lelah imshab bu geje tonnage mihmal el- mahmiil geminin markab tonelatasi too (also) aidhan, hum ham dakhi tool alah {pi alat) alat alet tooth sinn (fl. asnan or sinun) dandan dish toothache waja' sinn dard-i-dandar I dish-aghrisi top-boot jazmah chakmeh chizme torpedo (w.) lughm [pi. algham) torpil touch {v.) mess, yamiss dast zadan, zan or lams • kardan, kun doqunmaq tough qawi sift sert, qati tow (v,) gala§, yaglas kashidan chekmek towards nahu. ila su-yi- tarafina {after the word) towel peshkir dastmal hauli, peshgir tower burj {pi. buruj) burj qule maftul (Arab watch tower) town beled shahr, qasabeh shehir (small) track ether, tariq rahcheh yol, iz trade (com- tajarah tijarat tijaret, alish- merce, n.) verish trader tajir {pi. tujjar ) tajir tujjar train (railway, qatr, qi^ar qitar-e rah-e tren n.) ahan, tiran translate terjam, tarjumeh kar- terjume etmel yuterjim dan, kun translation terjumah tarjumeh terjume GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 48- English. tongue to-night tonnage too (also) tool tooth toothache top-boot torpedo (n.) Armenian. lezou ays kisher daroghoutiun (navi) nuynbes kortziq adam adamnatsav yergan goshig torpedo Kurdish. Syriac. azman, zwan lishana av shava, am idlaile shau zhi, z!, ham alat dudan darde dudan ham alitta kaka mar'a d-kaka chekme touch (v.) shoshapel dast girtin gishle fa- tough tow (v.) towards towel tower town track trade (com- merce, n.) trader train (railway, n.) translate translation tpchil gardzr, bind navaqarshel tebi srpich, yeressrpich ashdarag, amrots qaghaq hedq vajaraganou- tiun khanoutban shokegarq tarkmanel tarkmanou- tiun sart sart, qeshya gami kishan- garish din or dar inan tarafe 1-balad, 1- kafiya, khaoli kaffiya burj burja shahr, bazhar mdhita daus daus tijarat, bazir- tajirutha gam tajir, bazirgan tajir train, papor mashina tarjamat kir mturjimle tar jamah tar jamah 486 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. transport {v.) naqal, yanqal haml-u naql kardan naql etmek travel {v.) safar, yusafir safar kardan yoljuluq etmek traveller musafir musafir yolju treacherous khayin ghaddar khain treaty mu* ahadah mu' ahada *ahd-name, mu'ahede tree shejerah {pi. shejer) khandaq {pi. dirakht aghach trench gaudal, hendeq, siper khanadiq) khandaq tribe qabilah {pi. qabayil), 'ashirah {pi. *ashayir) il, qabfleh qabile, 'ashiret tributary (of shakhah shu'ba-yeriid- - chai diger bir stream) khana chaia mun- sabb olan trigger zanad pistanak, shaitanak tetik trot {v.) hedheb, luk luk raftan ris gitmek, yehdheb ilgar gitmek trouble («.) kedr, kalufah zahmat zahmet, siqindi trough (of hodh hauz, nava avlaq water, n.) {better, abish- ahur) trousers (Euro- pantalon pantalon pantalon pean) (Oriental) sirwai shalvar, turn- ban hidnat, tark-i- ■ shalvar truce hudnah - mutereke aslihah truck *arabah 'arabiyeh vagon true sadq, ^ahih rast gerchek, doghru, sahih GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 487 English. transport {v. travel {v.) traveller treacherous treaty tree trench tribe Armenian. ) ourish degh danil jamportel jamport nengavor Kurdish. ISynac. naql kirin, labil haml kirin, birrin safar kirin, *awid sapar garrianin rem, rewanchi, urkbachi rebuar ghaddar, kbain ghaddar, khain sharat nania tashnakroutiun ' ahd dzarr dar ilana khram khandaq tsegh, dohm *ashiret, mal 'ashirah tributary" (of hargadou ked stream) trigger trot {v.) trouble (n.) trough (of water, w.) tzkan suyr, yerakn- thats vishd, hok, neghoutiun gour, ourt rubar paya, chaq- maq luk lok cho zamat, peri- shani, tikil, khuduk sangav trousers (Euro- antravardiq, pean) (Oriental) truce truck true ' pantalon ' vardiq zinatatar pats perrna- garrg, sayl irav, jshmarid, oughigh hacha uqlad-topang mluqliqle zahmat 'agana pantul pantaluD, shall darpe, shall, shalwar peshma havaliye ithaya li-khdha dh6 rast, drest, haq, sarast- sarast trusa 488 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian, Turkish, try jarrab, yujar- kiishidan, clialishmaq rib kush (endeavour) ; tejribe etmek (experiment) Tuesday Yom eth- thalatha Sebshambeh Sali-giinii tug (boat) markab jarrar jahaz-kash remorqueur, chatana i tunel tunnel (n.) sirb {pi. esrab) naqb-e rah-e ahan (a rail- - way tunnel) turban leffah, *ima- mah imama sariq Turk 'Osmanli Turk, 'Osmani L 'Osmanli, Tiirk Turkey Turkiya Rum, Khak-i- Memalik-i- 'Osmanl *osmaniye, Turkiya geri diinmek turn back raja', yirja* bar gardidan, turret burj {fl. buruj) kungureh top qulesi unbeliever kafir (non- Moslem) kafir giaur, dinsiz uncertain mashkuk mashkuk shubheli uncivilized mu mutemed- den, wahshi vahshi medeniyetsiz unconscious ma yahiss bi-hiish baighin,bekhud (insensible ; khabefi olma- yan (unaware) uncultivated kharab bi-a ban ohollik under joa, taht zir altinda understand fehem, yifham fahmidan, fahm qinder way musafir rawaneh anlamaq hareketde olan (gemi) undress oneself neza' hudiim, rakht kandan, soyunmaq yinza' hudum kan or lukht shudan shau GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 489 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac, try chanal tajrib kir mjurible Tuesday- Yereqsbapti Seshamb Tlathaushaba tug (boat) qashogh nav, navatzik tunnel (w.) sdorergria- antsq kuna chia kan turban Turk patdots Tourq kulav, kopin Turkl/Os- manli shumla, pushiya Osmanli Turkey Tourqia Turkiya Turkiya turn back bed tarnal zevirrin, wa- d'ere l-bathra turret unbeliever bourg anhavad garrian burj kafir burj a kapura uncertain uncivilized anorosh angirt na-ma'liim, be- la khatirjam haqiqat tamaddunsiz bi terbiyat unconscious anked, ousha- behish * fqida heshshe knats uncultivated anmshag under nerqev, dag understand under way hasganal i sharzhman, yertalou vra undress oneself hanvil, mer- bizhiar,bizhun bura binda, zhir khothed . . . , eltekh fahm kir fhimle mparmi musafir musafir, pashata Jul dar man shlekhle julle 490 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. unexpected mu muntazar nagahan umulmamish uniform kiswah *askari- rakbt-i-nizami uniforma, (soldier's) yah forma unjust dhalim bi-in^af, zalim, sitamkar insafsiz unkind mulatif, qasl na-mehrban merhametsiz, jefakiar unload v. nafadh, yan- kbalikardan, boshaltmaq fadh or bar pay in avardan * unlucky mash'um bad-bakht bakbtsiz, zevali unpleasant mu latlf napasand nakhosh unripe akhdhar na-rasida olmamush unsafe mukhtir na-amn tehlikeli unshod hafi pa-barahna, bl-na'l na'alsiz unsuitably mu muwafiq na-muwafiq yaramaz, munasebetsiz untrue mu ^ahih, durugh (lie) yalan (lie) ; kidhb doghru deyil up (of motion) ila f oq bala yuqaria, yu- qarida upon *ala » urgent dharuj'I zaruri; fauri (sudden) musta'jel urine bol shash sidik us -na {suffix) mara bize {dat.), bizi {accus.) use (v.) ista'mal, yas- isti'mal kar- quUanmaq ta'mil dan, kun or bikar burdan, bar, GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 491 English. unexpected uniform (soldier's) unjust unkind unload Armenian. ansbaseli hamazkesd anartar Kurdish. lanishkiwa, zhghafle Jul, kenj Syriac. d-la idhatha or intizar ghafla- tan julle zalim, be-insaf, zalim, be-insaf bedad ankout, dmarti, berahmat, be- bi rakhmi gosht muruwat (pere)barbel bar dainan mrape tana unlucky anpaklit unpleasant anhajo, unripe dhas, khag unsafe unsbod anabahov anbavd berisq, be- bakht nakhwosh na-chebia, na- gehla. na- gaishti ' be-aman, mukhtir, daraki pai-rut, pai- tazi, pai- khaos, pai- luit unsuitable anharmar untrue anjist up (of motion) ver upon vra urgent garevor, sdi- boghagan urine mez, sherr us mez {dat.) smez {accus.] use (v.) kordzadzel arast, nadrest zhor, bar, hal l-'ulul d-la risq nakhwosh, d-la lutf kal na-salamat d-la soli lak-layeq, la munasib daggala, diigla lazim, wajib miz, mis -ma (suffix) isti'mal kir *al lazim, band juri, tine / -an [suffix) mustu'mille mpalikh 492 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arahic. Persian. Turkish. useful mufid bafa'idehjSud mand -fa'ideli useless bila fayidah bi-f a'ideh fa'ide-siz, bosh, yaramaz usually *adatan 'adatan 'adetan, ekseriya vain ras kabir bihuda ; khud - maghrur (proud) ; bi-la pasand (proud) ; fayidah (fu- (proud) bosh (futile) tile) vain, in *abathan 'abath nafile, bihude valley- wadi arreh dere valuable thamin qlmatdar qimetli vanguard rawad, muqad- qaravul, talay a muqaddimet damah veal lahm 'ijl giisht-i- gusaleh dana eti vegetables khadhrawat sabzi sebzevat veil (for pushi, pardah ruband yashmaq women, n.) vengeance tha'r intiqam intiqam verandah tarmah aivan, bar- iistii qapali amada balqon verbally shifahan zabani shifahan vermin qaml (lice) kirm (worms) ; ; kehle-pire- hasharat maqulesi very kathir, kuUish bisyar pek, cho([ victory ghalbah,nusrah fathi, ghalabeh nusret, ghalebe victuals at'imah khurdani, yeyejek iche- azuqah jek view (v.) mandhar (of manzar, nazaret scenery) ; rai. , chashm-andaz fikr (opinion) village jama' ah (of deh (of huts); koi, qarie huts) ; qar- kapportia-ye yah (pi. qura) mu'askar vine (grape, w, .) tislaqah angir asma GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 493 English. Amienian, Kurdish. Syriac. useful okdagar mufid, b'ish mari paida useless anokoud namufid, beish d-la manfa'ah usually sovorapar *adatan 'adatan vain zour, vochinch, batil, be-fa'ida batila barab vain, in valley valuable vanguard veal vegetables veil (for women, n.) vengeance verandah verbally vermin very victory victuals view {v.) village vine (grape, n 1 zour hovid knahadeli arracbabahq horti mis ganacheghen dzadzgots vrezh jemelik pernatsi karshadjdji shad, huyzh haghtoutiun baren, bashar yerevoyt, de- saran kiugh, shen (of huts) avan .) vort *abathan, ma- nasiz dol, nuhal thamin, bahali paishe 'askare goshte guerik or gah zarzawat izar tol, intiqam diwan, qirish daviidav, zhdav kirm, kurum galak, per bezand, ber, ghalaba zakhira, khwarin manzar, chav- bina! 'abath, b-go batiliitha wadT, ra'ola mari tima bisra d-sharkha zarzawat chudra, cher- showi tol ewan b-kemma righja raba ghalaba zakhira. ikhala khzeta gund, gundik, mata avahi (of huts) ; dikaya raz, daritiri, gipta 494 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. violent shadid, kharij sakht, tund eliiddetli visit (m.) ziyarah ziyarat ziyaret visit [v.) zar, yaziir ziyarat kar- ziyaret etmek dan, kun visitor khattar (6-. and meliman musafir pl.) voice sawt (y?L a§wat) awaz ses volley (n.) ramyah slialik yayilim volunteer mutatawwa* dau-talab gunuUii *asker (soldier, n.) voyage seferel-bahr safar-i-darya denizseferi wade khadh, dar ab rab su-da yiiriimek yakhiidh raftan, rau wage (daily) yomiyah ruzana giindelik (monthly) skakriyah mabiyana ailiq waist hizam kamar bel wait istandhar, yastandbir mandan, man beklemek wake {trans.) ga'*ad, yuga"id bidar kardan. oyandirmaq kun wake up bass, yahiss bIdar sbudan, oyanmaq (intrans.) sbau walk (v.) mesba, yim- rab raftan, gezmek, yayan shi rau or gardish gitmek kardan, kun wall hayit {pl. hItan) diwar duwar wanting (miss - naqis i«g) war harb; muhara- jang barb, bab mubarebe warehouse {n. ) 'ambar {pl. ambar-e magbaza *anabii') amti'a warm barr; dafi garm sijaq (moderately) GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 495 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. violent pourrn, sasdig tizh, mazin zarbana, zakh- TYIQ visit {n.) aytseloutiun zyarat Ilia ziara, fqada visit {v.) aytselel zyarat kir fqedle visitor hyour, aytse- za'ir, mehwan, arkha loii mevan voice tzayn dang qala volley (w.) hratzkoutiun shelik volunteer gamavor {mn- *askar bekh- b-rizaye, dota- (soldier, n.) vor) wastine or lab voyage wade bdile dzovaknatsoii- safar safar tiun, dzov- antsq antsnel (ked, daravehd khidble chour) wage (daily) oragan (vartz). haq, muzd haq a d-yoma (monthly) amsagan halv, haqe muwajibd-yeT' (vartz) haiva kha waist mecliq pisbt navtanga wait sbasel intizar kir, khmelle, cbav kir hmelle wake (trans.) zartetsnel, kisliar kir muqimle min artntsnel shintha wake up zartnoul, bishar bu qimle min [intrans.) artnnal shintha walk (v.) qalel pla ebon, bza- lami ebon rkhishle wall bad (of a bouse diwar guda or garden) wanting (miss - bagas ing) war baderazm sbarr, jeng sharre warehouse (».) mteranots 'anbar, makh zan - umbarkhana warm daq, jerm garm khamima 496 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. warn khattar, yu- agahi dadan, ikhtar etmek, khattir deh khabervermek wash {trans.) ghassal, yu- shustan, shui yiqamaq ghassil wash oneself ightasal, khudra yiqanmaq yaghtasil shustan, shui wasp zambur {pi. zambur or eshek arisi zanabir) zambur-e khar waste {trans.) dhayya', zayi' kardan, israf etmek yudhayyi' or kun etlef , yuthf lay waste {v.) kharrab, yuk- kharab kardan kharab etmek harrib , watch {v.) haras, yahrus nigah dashtan, gozlemek, or natar, dar bekjilik etmek yantur watch (n.) sa'ah sa'at sa*at watch (on ship) naubah naubat varda watchman nobachi didaban otji, bekji water moi water-bottle matriyah (military) water-carrier saqqa water-closet edebkhanah water-skin garbah ab shishe-yi-ab saqqa khala mashk dulab water-wheel na'ur (for irrigation) wave (w.) moj (pL am- mauj waj) we ehna or ihna ma weak dha'if za*if su mastara saqqa, su]i abdest-khane su tulumu dolab dalgha wealthy biz quvvetsiz za^if zengln ; ghani daulatmand zengin. parali {pi. aghniya) or mutamarvil GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 497 English, Armenian. Kurdish, Syriac, warn zkoushatsnel inzar or kha- bar, da mukhbere wash (trans.) Ival shshtin, shu- tin, blava kir mkhulille wash oneself Ivatsvil wasp bidzag muzizar, sTra- muz zerqita waste (trans.) sbarrel, hinda kir, msiikere, pchatsnel zayi* kir mburbizle lay waste (v.] 1 averag anel kharab kirin, kambakh kirin daish watch (v.) hsgel agah bu ntere watch (n.) zhamatsuyts sa*at sa'ah watch (on ship) ted, hsgoghou- • naubat nauba tiun watchman bahaban, naubachi, qarawiil kisherabah didawan, pas wan water chour av, au mia water-bottle srvag, chri shish water-carrier chrgir saqqa, avdirl saqqa water-closet ardaqnots adabkhana abidast water-skin chri dig, mashk. ziqqa chradig jawana water-wheel vorokoumi na'or diilaba (for irrigation) aniv (chro) wave (n.) aliq gandapelle we menq ma akhni, akhnan weak dgar, thuyl bewaj, zabiin, za'if, mhila wealthy harousd sis daulatmand, zengir, khire- mal, daulo- mand dolatmand MES I I i GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. ' weapon silah {fl. esli- hah) silah silah wear (dress) lebes, yilbas pushidan, push geimek weather hawa hawa hava wedge ginah mikh qama Wednesday Yom el- Chaharsham- Charshamba arba'a beh week isbii' {j)!. asabr) hafteh hafta weigh {trans.) wazan, yozin sanjidan, san; j tartmaq weight wazn sang, wazn aghirliq well (healthy) muta'afi, kefuh zen khub eyi, sagh well {n.) bir {j)l. abyar) chah quyu well (Persian- na'ur su dolabi wheel) well-known mashhur mashhur meshhur west gharb maghrib giin batisi, gharb western gharbi maghribi gharbi wet {adj.) mubellel (of tar, namnak yashli (day) ; thing) ; nemli, islan- mumtir, matri mish (thing) (of day) what ma ancheh (that ne which) what ? shinii, shlon, esh? cheh ? ne? wheat hiantah gandum boghdayi wheel charkh charkh tekerlik when {adv.) lemma chiin, waqtl keh ne-zeman when ? metaoryimta? kai? ne vaqit ? whence min en az kuja nereden whenever yimtama har gah her ne vaqit where wen, en kiija nerede (in) ; nereye (to) wherever wenma har kuja her nerede English. Artnenian. Kurdish. Syriac. weapon zenq chakk, silati ♦ chaka wear (dress) haknel libas or bar, kir Iweshle weather ot, yeghanag hawa, rujgar paukha wedge seb, kam seppena Wednesday- Choreqshapti Charshamb Arbaushaba week shapat hafta shabtha weigh [trans.) gshrrel pivan, kishan kish, girani tqille weight gshirr, dzan- tuqla routiun well (healthy) lav, agheg sakh sakh well [n.) hor bir, kani bera well (Persian- chrhori aniv wheel) well-known qajadzanot, anvani mashhur i(Vhr'a, mashhur west western arevmoudq arevmdian maghrib, ruja- wai ■ ma'rwa, gharb wet {adj.) thats, thrchvadz shil, tarr talila, talla what inch teslit ma, mindi what ? inch? chi? maha ? ma ? wheat tsoren ganim khette wheel aniv dolab when {adv.) yerp waki iman when ? yerp? kengi? iman ? whence ousdi laku, zheku min aika whenever yerp-ev-itse bar jar kull gaha d- where our aika wherever our yev itse harja aika d . . . 1 1 500 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English. whether . . which ? whip {n.) whirlpool white whither who, which who ? whole {adj\) whose ? why wicked wide widow wife wild willing win wind (n.) wind {v.) window windy wine Arabic. Persian. Turkish. or idha ... yo or khah . . . khah ya . . . yakhod au e, ya ; yahii ? kudam ? (without noun) taziyaneh, shallaq qamchi khora girdab hangi ? qamchi girdab abyadh safid beyaz, aq li-wen bi kuja nereye elledhi, elli keh ki men ? keh ? kim ? tammam, kull salim, tamam bitiin, hepisi (all) mal men ? mal-e ki ? kimin ? lesh chira nichun sharir, shetan sharir f ena *aridh pahn genish armalah (pi. biveh-zan dul aramil) zojah ; harmah zan, zan jeh qari, harem (Arab) wahshi ; barri biyabam, yaban (of fruit) wahshi radhi razi gUniillii ghalab, yagh- ghalib shudan, qazanmaq lib (over- shau come); hassal, yuhassil (gain) hawa bad riizg}^ar dawwar, yu- pichidan, pich, qiirmaq kfik kardan, kun (a watch) daricheh, pen j ere rauzan badi riizkiarli, yelli dawwir shubbak bi-hawa sharab khamr, mai sherab English. whether . . which ? whip (n.) whirlpool white whither who, which who ? whole [adj.) whose ? why- wicked wide widow wife wild . willing win GLOSSARIES Armenian. or artioq vore ? kharazan hortzanq, chrerou bdoyd sbidag our ov, vor ov? polor, ampoghj voroun ? inchou char layn ayri gin, ayri gin vayreni hozharagam haghtel OF WORDS 501 Kurdish. Syriac. yan . . . yan chi, kizhan ? eni ? qamchi qamchi garr, garrav girdab spi, boz khwara la'arde ki laika d- ki d- {prefix) ki ? man! ? sakhlam, salim saghlam, salim ya ki ? d-mani ? bochi, chira qamudi bizha, gunah- bisha kar, mufsid pehn, ferrah pethya, wasi* zhinabi, bemer armiltha zhin bakhta kuvi, daba barbraya muti*, dvet muti*, kba'e, kibe ghalib bu, ghlible birrin wind (n.) wind {v.) window windy wine qami volorel, bdoudagel badouhan, lousamoud hoghmalits, qamiod kini ba, wa pichandin, pichin shabbaka, penjara paukha mukhdhere shabbaka mai, sharab khamra 502 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS English^ Arabic Persian. Turkish. wing janah par, bal qanat; jenah (of army) winter shita za mist an qish wire tel hadid Sim tel wireless telegraf bi-la telegraf-i-bi- telsiz tele- telegraphy tel sim graf wise 'aqil, fa him 'aqil, dana 'aqlli wish {v.) rad, yarid khastan, khah istemck with (instru- bi- ba -ile (suffix) .mental) with (accom- ma'a, wiya ba lie beraber panying) withdrawal insihab takhliya, baz- - uzlet (military) gasht, aqab. nishastan without {prej).) min-dun, bi- bi-, bidun-i- -siz {suffix) dun, bi-la (bell) witness (w.) shahid {pL ■■ shuhud) shahid shahid wolf dhrb ifi dhiyab) gurg qurt woman harmah, marah zan khanum (lady {pL niswan) ; qadin, qari wood (fuel) hatab hizam j^dun wood (forest) ghabah, zor bisheh : orman wood (material) woollen ' word work {n.) khashab min suf ;kalimah (pi. kalimat) shughl work {intrans.) ishtaghal, yashtaghil world dunya worse, worst ^ adwan, el- pashrain kalimeh kar kar kardan^ kun dunya badtar. ad wan ; a'tal, badtarin el a'tal odun yunlu soz ish ishlemek, cha- lishmaq dunya daha fena, en fena GLOSSARIES ; OF WORDS mi English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. wing tev bal, bask parra winter tzmer zewestan sitwa wire medoghately herrakir tel wireless antel herrakir telegraphy wise imastoun, 'aqil, zana 'aqil, fahima khelatsi konana wish (v.) tsangal khwazin, ma- ram kir mshuhele with (instru- {not in use ba b- {'prefix) mental) separately) with (accom- panying) withdrawal hed gal, lagal 'imm yed qashvil, pesh-pash madirta (military) nahanchel choin, bar- spash choin without (prep.) arrantz be d-la, be witness (n.) vga shah id sahda wolf kayl gurg dewa woman gnig, digin (lady) zhin bakhta wood (fuel) payd dar qaise .wood (forest) andaar ghabah, hawJgah ghaba, hawTga woollen prteghen zhheri min amra word parr, khosq gota, soz, zar tanaitha, khabra piilkhana work (n. ) kordz, shol, shukhul sbaghoum 4 work {intrans. ) ashkhadel shiil kir, kar plikhle kortsel kir world ashkhar dunya, 'alam 'alma, dunye worse, worst aveli kesh, amenakesh kharabter besh kharaba 604 GLOSSARIES OF AVORDS English, Arabic. worth (be) sawa, yiswa wound (n.) jurh {^pl. juruh) wound-dresser rabbat juruh Persian. Turkish. arzidan, arz qimeti (its worth is , wound (v.) jarrah, yujarrih zakhmkardan, yaralamaq kun zakhm yara marham guzar timarji wounded majruh wreck [n.) markab mad- miir, hatam wreckage damar wrist {n.) write I write thou writest he writes we write you write they write I shall write khusr keteb, yiktub iktub tiktub yiktub niktub tiktubun yiktubun iktub thou wilt write he will write tiktub yiktub we shall write niktub vou will write tiktubun they will write I Vrote thou wrotest he wrote she wrote yiktubiin ana ketebet inta ketebet hiia keteb hiya ketebet yaralanmish gharq zakhm khurdeh kashti-yi- shikasteh khurdaha-yi- qirinti, kashti kharabe much bilek navishtan, navis ml-navisam mi-navisi mi-ravjsad mi-navisim mi-navlsid mi-navisand khaham navisht khahinavisht khahad navisht khahim navisht khahid navisht khahand navisht navishtam navishti navisht navisht yazmaq yazarim yazarsin yazar yazariz yazarsiniz yazarlar yazajaghm yazajaqsin yazajaq yazajaghiz yazajaqsiniz yazajaqlar yazdim yazdin yazdi yazdi GLOSSAEIES OF WORDS 505 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. worth (be) arzhei hizhian ktawe wound {v.) viravorel brindar kir jrihle wound (n.) verq brin iurha wound-dresser verq gabogh, jarrah, hakim jarraha, hakim viratarman wounded viravor brindar jrilia wreck {n.) navapegoutiun wreckage pegorq (nava- pegoutian) wrist {n.) tasdag Zand bilag write krel newisin kthiile I write yes^ g'krem az niwisim kathwen thou writest tou g'kres tu niwisi kathwet he writes an g'kre au niwisa kathu we write menq g' krenq am niwisin kathwokh you write touq g'kreq hun niwisin kathwutu they write anonq g'kren wan niwisin kathwi I shall write yes bidi krem az deniwisim bedkathwen thou wilt tou bidi kres tu deniwisi bedkathwet write he will write an bidi kre au deniwisa bedkathii we shall write menq bidi krenq am deniwisi n bedkathwokh you will write touq bidi kreq hiin deniwisin bedkathwutu they will anonq bidi wan deniwi- bedkathwi write kren sin I wrote yes kretsi az niwistim kthiili thou wrotest tou kretsir tu niwisti kthulokh he wrote an krets au niwist kthule she wrote ne krets au niwist kthula ^ The verbs can be used without the pronouns yes, tou, an, menq, touq, anonq. 506 GLOSSAEIES OF WORDS English. Arabic. Persiart. Turkish. we wrote . ihna ketebna navishtim yazdiq you wrote intuketebtum I navishtid yazdiniz they wrote hum ketebu navishtand yazdilar I do not write 5 maiktub naml-navisam yazmam lie does not ma yiktub nami-navisad yazmaz write we do not ma niktub naml-navislm L yazmaiz write you do not ma tiktubun nami-navisid yazmasiniz write they do not ma yiktubun nami-navi- yazmazlar write sand do you write? tiktubun ? niT-navIsId ? yazar-misiniz? wrong {adj.) mil sahib, khatlyah (sin) ghalati 1 doghru deyil yacht yakht {pi. yot, sir gemisi. yukhfit) tenezzuh vaporu yard (measure) 1 dhr,V gaz arshin, yard a year senah {pi. sinin) sal, saneh sene yellow afjfar zard sari yes na'am, belli ball evvet yesterday embarha diriiz diin yet (of time) ba'd hanuz, daha (neverthe- ma' hadha ba wujud ma'-ma- fih less) yine you {plur.) entum; (-kum after prep, or verb) shuma siz young shabb jawan genj your -kum {suffix) -i-shuma, -atan {suffix) sizin yours malkum, mal -i-shuma sizin-ki yourself nef sek khud-e shuma kendiii zinc {n.) tutya, zink zone (of fire) mintaqah riih or tiitiya tutya mintaqah mintaqe GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 507 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. we wrote menq kre-- tsinq ' touq kretsiq am niwistin kthulan you wrote hun niwistin kthiilaukhu they wrote anonq kretsin wan niwistin kthiilai I do not write i yes chem krer az na niwisim lak-kathwen he does not an, chkrer au na niwisa lak-kathii write we do not meng che'nq am na niwisin lak-kathwokh write krer you do not touq ch'eq hun na niwi- lak-kaihwutii write krer sin they do not anonq ch'en wan na niwi- lak-kathwi write krer sin do you write ' ? touq g'kreq hun niwisin ? gallo kath- artioq ? wiitu t wrong {adj.) skhal khalat, na ta- mam ghelta yacht zposanav yard (measure] 1 yarda, kan- koun gaz dra'a year dari sal shata yellow ganach zar '■ sha'utha yes aro hare, bale he, bale yesterday yereg duhi, dwaika timmal yet (of time) terr, dagavin hezh, hizhi hesh (neverthe- sagayn yev walau 'immed adhi less) aynbes you (plur.) touq hun akhtun young yeridasart juwau jwanqa your tzer -wa {suffix) khu {suffix) yours tzern, tzerinn malewa diyaukhu yourself touq inqnit, touq tzezi tii bikhwa ganukh zinc (n.) i^ing tutya, qala tiitya ' zone (of fire) shrchan, kodi 'arde sharre duktha d-sharre IS NUMERALS English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. 1 wahid yak bir 2 ithnen du iki 3 thalatah seh iich 4 arba'ah chahar dort 5 khamsah pan besh 6 sittah shish alti 7 seb'ah haft yedi 8 thamaniyah hasht sekiz 9 tis'ah nuh doquz •10 'asherah- -- dah on 11 ida 'ash yazdeh on-bir 12 ithna 'ash duwazdeh on-iki 13 thalathat 'ash sizdeh on-iich U arba'at 'ash chahardeh on-dort 15 khamsat 'ash punzdeh on-besh 16 sitt 'ash shunzdeh on-alti 17 seb'at 'ash hifdeh on-yedi 18 thamanat 'ash hizhdeh on-sekiz 19 tis'at 'ash niizdeh on-doquz 20 'ashrin bist yirmi 21 wahid wa- 'ashrin bist-u-yak yirmi-bir 30 thalathin si otuz 40 arba'in chihil qirq 50 khamsin pan] ah llli 60 sittin shast altmish 70 Beb'in haftad yetmish 80 thamanin hashtad seksen 90 . tis'in nawad doqsan 100 mi'ah Bad yiiz 101 mi'ah wa- waljid sad-U'yak yiiz-bir 110 mi'ah wa- 'asherah sad-ii-dah yiiz-on 111 mi'ah wa- ida 'ash §ad-ii-yazdeh yiiz-on-bir 120 mi'ah wa- §ad-ii-bist yiiz-yirmi 'ashria NUiMERALS 50< English. Armenian, Kurdish. Syriac. 1 meg yak, ek kha 2 yergou du, duan trai 3 yereq se, sian tlatha 4 chors char, chwar arha' 5 hink penj khamsha 6 vets shash ishta 7 yot haft shau'a 8 out hasht tmanya 9 inn nah tesh'a 10 dasn dah 'i§ra 11 dasnnieg yazda khadesar 12 dasnyergou dwazda traisar 13 dasnyereq saizda teltasar 14 dasnchors charda arbasar 15 dasnhink pazda khamshasar 16 dasnvets shazda ishtasar 17 dasnyot havda ishwasar 18 dasnout hashda tmanesar 19 dasninn nozda chaasar 20 • qsan hist 'isri 21 qsanmeg bist uyak kha wisri 30 yeresoun seh tlathi 40 qarasoun chel arbi 50 hisoun penji khamshi 60 vatsoun shest ishtl 70 yotanasoun hefti, hafta shau'i 80 outsoun hashta tmanai 90 innsoun not., not tesh'i 100 hariur sad emma 101 hariur meg sad uyak emma ukha 110 hariur dasn sad udah emma wisra 111 hariur dasn- sad uyazda emma ukhade meg sar 120 hariur qsan sad ubist emma wisri 10 Nm [ERALS English. Arabic. Persian Turkish. 121 mi'ah wa- sad-u-bist-u- yiiz-yirmi-bir wahid wa- yak 'ashrin 130 mi'ah wa- thalathin sad-ii-si yiiz-otuz 200 miten diwist iki-yiiz 201 miten wa- wahid diwist-u-yak iki-yuz-bir 210 miten wa- *asherah diwist-u-dah iki-yiiz-on 211 miten wa-ida diwist-ii-yaz- iki-yiiz-on-bir *ash deh 220 miten wa- *ashrin diwist-u-bist iki-yiiz-yirmi 221 miten wa- diwist-ii-blst- iki-yiiz-yirmi- wahid wa- ii-yak bir 'ashrin 230 miten wa- thalathin diwist-u-si iki-yiiz-otuz 300 thalat-mi'ah sisad iich-yiiz 400 arba*-mi'ah chahar sad dort-yiiz 500 khams-mi'ah pansad besh-yiiz 600 sitt-mi'ah shish sad alti-yiiz 700 seb'-mi'ab hafsad yedi-yiiz 800 thaman-mi'ah hashsad sekiz-yiiz 900 tis*a-mi'ah nuhsad doquz-yiiz 1,000 elf hazar bin 1,001 elf wa-wahid hazar-u-yak bin-bir LOlO elf wa-'ashe- rah hazar-u-dah bin-on 1,011 elf wa-ida 'ash hazar-u-yaz- dah bin-on-bir 1,020 elf wa-'ashrin hazar-ii-bist bin-yirmi 1,021 elf wa-wahid hazar-u-bist- bin-yirmi-bir wa-*ashrin ii-yak 1,100 elf wa-mi'ah hazar-u-sad bin-yiiz 1,101 elf wa-mi'ah hazar-u-sad- bin-yiiz-bir wa-wahid u-yak 1,110 elf wa-mi'ah hazar-u-sad- bin-yiiz on wa-'asherah u-dah NUMERALS 511 English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac. 121 hariur qsan- §ad iiblst uyak : emma wisri meg ukha 130 hariur yere- soun sad useh emma iitlathi 200 yergou hariui diisad trecmma 201 yergou hariur dusad iiyak treemma ukha 210 meg yergou liariur dasn dusad iidah treemma wisra 211 yergou liariur du§ad uyazda treemma ukha- dasnmeg desar 220 yergou hariur dusad ubist treemma wisrl 221 C[san yergou liariur diisad iibist treemma wisri qsanmeg iiyak iikha 230 yergou hariur dusad treemma wi- yeresoun useh tlathi 300 yereq hariur sesad tellath emma 400 chors hariur charsad arba' emma 500 hink hariur penjsad khammesh emma 600 vets hariur shashsad eshshet emma 700 yot hariur haftsad eshwa emma 800 out hariur hashtsad tmaneemm.a 900 inn hariur nahsad tisha' emma 1,000 hazar hazar alpa 1,001 hazar meg hazar wyak alpa iikha 1,010 hazar dasn hazar wdah alpa wisra 1,011 hazar dasnmeg hazar iiyazda alpa ukhadesar 1,020 hazar qsan hazar iibist alpa wisri 1,021 hazar qsanmeg hazar iibist uyak alpa wisri iikha 1,100 hazar hariur hazar usad alpa iiemma 1,101 hazar hariur hazar (isad alpa iiemma meg uyak ukha 1,110 hazar hariur hazar iisad alpa uemma dasn Hdah wi§ra 512 NUMERALS English Arabic. Persian. Turlish. 1,121 elf wa-mi'ah hazar-u-sad- bin-yiiz-yirmi- wa-ida wa- u-bist-u-yak bir 'ashrin 2,000 elfen du hazar iki bin 3,000 thalat alaf 10,000 *ashrat alaf dah hazar on bin 100,000 mi'at elf sad hazar yiiz bin i nuss nim, ni§f yarim; (...and J) . . . buchuq J rub' rub', chary ak cheirek both (of them) < ithnenehum har du ikisi first awwal nukhust, auwal birinji second thani duwum ikinji third thalith sivum iichiiniii NUMERALS 513 English. 1,121 2,000 3,000 10,000 100,000 4 Armenian. hazar hariur qsanmeg Kurdish. hazar usad ubist uyak dasn hazar hariur hazar ges J qarrort both (of them) yergoqian, yergouqn al first arrachin second third yergrort yerrort dah hazar sad hazar niv rub*, char ek har du Syriac. alpa uemma wisri ukha yergou hazar du hazar trai alpe 'isra alpe emma alpe pelga, palga rubi', arba* kha terwaihi auwal, peshin qamaya duwi, duwan sell, siyan di-trai di-tlatha K k 614 i QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 1. Time Where is ? Arabic. Wen? Persian. Kujast ? Turkish. Nerede dir ? Arm. Our e ? ' Kurd. Ki dare ? Syriac. Aika? Where are they ? Arabic. Wen hum ? Persian. Kujayand ? hastand ? or Kuja Turkish. Arm. Kurd. Syriac. Nerede dirler ? Our yen ? Kudarena ? Aikailai ? AND Place Where are you going ? Arabic. Persian. Wen taruh {pi. taruhun) Kuja mi-ravid ? Turkish. Arm. Kurd. Nereye gidiyorsiniz ? Our g'ertaq ? , Laki dare tchin ? Syriac. Laika bzalaukhu ? Where have you come from ? Arabic. Persian. Min en jl't {pi. ji'tu). Az kuja mi-a'id ? Turkish. Nereden geldiniz ? Arm. Kurd. Ousti yegaq ? Hun zhku dare ten ? Syriac. Min aika kithutu ? They are here. Arabic. Hum hina. Persian. Inj ayand or In j a hastand . Turkish. Burada dirler. Arm. Hos yen. Kurd. Lharana. Syriac. H5lai aklia. He is not there. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. Arm. Kurd. Syriac. Hua mu hinak Anja nist. Orada dejil. Hon che. Na Iharaya. Laile akha. I am going home. Arabic. Ana rayih ila-beti Persian. Bi-khane-yi-khud ravam. Turkish, "^ve gidiyorim. Arm. Doun g'ertam. Kurd. Aze chim mal. Syriac. Holi bizala 1-baitha. We have come from home. Arabic. Ji'na min bet-na Persian. Az khane-jd-khud am{ da'im. Turkish. Evden geldik. ■ Arm. Dounen eganq, Kurd. Am sbmal batin. Syriac. Kithukh min baitbi QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 515 Gome up ! Arabic. Persian. Turkish. Arm. Kurd. Syriac. Utla'. Bi-ya (Come on!); Bar khiz (Rise up !). Yuqariya gel ! Ver yeg (sing.), ver yegeq {flur^ ! Wara hera ! Hayy5 lakha ! Go down ! Arabic. Inzil {pi. Inzilu) ! Persian. Bi-rau pa'in ! Turkish. Ashagha git ! Arm. Var kna {sing.), var knatseq {pi.) ! Kurd. Harra kliware ! Syriac. Nkhotli ! Turn to the right (left). Arabic. Ilfet *ala yaminek ('ala shimalek). Persian. Bi-taraf-i-rast (chap) bi- rau. Turkish Sagha don, sola don. Arm. Ach tartzeq (tzakh tart- zeq). Kurd. Bezeverra larast (lachap). Syriac. Dor 1-yamne (1-chappe) Wait for me Arabic. Istandhir ni. Persian. Muntazir-i-man bash. Turkish. Beni bekle. Arm. Sbasetseq intz. Kurd. Bomin chav vaka. Syriac. Hmol elli. Come with me. Arabic. Ta'al wiya-i {pi. ta'alu). Persian. Hamrah-i man bi-ya. Turkish. Benim ile gel. Arm. Yegeq intz hed. Kurd. Lagal min wara. Syriac. Hayyo'emmi. Go away. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. Arm. Kurd. Syriac. Ruh {pi. Ruhu). Bi-rau ! gum shau Haide git, qach. Herratseq. Harra. Si. In which direction ? Arabic. Min ai tarf ? Bi-kudam taraf ? Persian. Turkish. Arm. Kurd. Syriac. Hangi tarafa ? Vor oughghoutiamp ? Lachi rakha ? Sub aika ? Stand still there. \ Arabic. \ Persian. Turkish. Arm. I Kurd. I Syriac. Ogaf bi-mahallek. Anja bi-ist. Rabat dur. Hantart ketseq hot. Lave dare rawusta. Kli nikba tama. K k2 In that direction. Arabic. Min dhak et-tarf Persian. Bi-an taraf. Turkish. tarafa. Arm. Ayt oughghoutiamp. Kurd. Lave rakkhe. Syriac. 8uh tama. 516 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS How far is it ? Arabic. Shqad ba'id ? Persian. Chi-qadar rah-ast ? Turkish. Ne qadar uzaq dir ? Arm. Vorqan herrou e ? Kurd. Chand haya la ? Syriac. Kmail^ rahuqa ? It is not far ! Arabic. Mu ba*id ! Persian. Dur nist ! Turkish. Uzaq deyil ! Arm. Herrou che ! Kurd. Na dura ! Syriac. Laile rahuqa ! Two hours* distance. Arabic. Masafat sa*aten. Persian. Bi masafe-yi-du sa'at, or Du sa'at rah. Turkish. Iki sa'atliq vol. Arm. Yergou zhamva jampa. Kurd. Ria du sa'at. Syriac, Urkhad tette sa'e. When will he come ? Arabic. Yimta yiji ? Persian. Kai mi-ayad ? Turkish. Ne zeman gelejek ? Arm. Yerp bidi ka ? Kurd. Kange de'et ? Syriac. Iman bed'athe ? At what o'clock ? Arabic. Ai sa'ah ? Persian. Chi waqt ? Turkish. Sa'at qachda ? Arm. Vor zhamin ? zham qaniin ? Kurd. Chi sa'at ? hyriac. B-aima sa'ah ? At six o'clock. Arabic. Es-sa'ah sittah Persian. Bi-sa'at-i-shish. Turkish. Sa'at altida. Arm. Zham vetsin. Kurd. Bisa'at shash. Syriac. Sa'ah b'eshshet. In the morning. Arabic. Bis-sabah. Persian. Subhi. Turkish. Sabahleyin, Arm. Arravodian. Kurd. Subahi. Syriac. Bispare or qadamta. At noon. Arabic. Edh-dhuhr. Persian. Zuhr. Turkish. Oile-yin. Arm. Ges orin. Kurd. Nivro. Syriac. Palged yauma. In the evening. Arabic. Bil-mesa Persian. Shab (night); Wa( ghurub (sunset). Turkish. Akhshamleyin. Arm. Irigvan, yeregoyan. Kurd. J^var. Syriac. 'Aserta. Very early. i Arabic. Badrl kathir. 1 Persian. Khai]i zud. 1 Turkish. Pek erken. ? Arm. Shad ganoukh. J Kurd. Galak zu. 1 Syriac. Kabira qalula. \ 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 517 It is late. What time is it? , Arabic. Muta'akhVhir. Arabic. Es-sa'ah^besh ? Persian. Dir-ast. Persian. Sa'at-i-chlst ? Turkish. Gech dir. Turkish. Sa'at qach dir ? Arm. Oush e. Arm. Vor zhamn e ? Kurd. Dranga. Kurd. Sa'at bchanda ? Syriac. Drang ila. Syriac. Sa'ali bikmaila ? Jow often ? Arabic. Kam marrah ? Persian. Chand martabeh? Turkish. Qach kerre ? Arm. Qani ankam ? Kurd. Chand jara ? Syriac. Kma gahatha ? 2. Weather What will the weather be to-day ? Arabic. Slilon bekun et-taqs el- yom ? Persian. Imruz hawa cbi-taur khahad shud ? Turkish. Bu giin hava nasi olajaq ? Ann. Yeghanagn inchbes bidi lini aysor ? Bad, cloudy, foggy weather. Arabic. Taqs mu zen, mu- ghayyam, dhabab. Persian. Bad, abr, mih. Turkish. Fena, bulutlu, sissli hava. Arm. Vad, ambod, marrakhlod yeghanag. Kurd. Dunya 'aura, mizhaya. Syriac. Dunye aiwaila, khapu- Kurd. Dunya chawa debet iro ? thaila. Syriac. Dakhi bithauya dunye idio ? It is snowing ' on the mountains. Arabic, Tethluj ed-dunya 'ala Very fine. Persian. 'Ijibal. Dar kuhistan barf mi- Arabic. Kullish zen. barad. Persian. Khaili khub. Turkish. Daghlara qar yaghiyor. Turkish Pek giizel. Arm. G' tziune lerrants vra. Arm. Shad hianali. Kurd. Bafr tet lachia. Kurd. Sawia. Syriac. Hole bithaya taiga I-resh Syriac. §ekhwaila. ture. 518 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 3. The Road Where does this road go ? Arabic. Ed-darb hadha yuwaddi li-wen. Persian. In rah kuja mi-ravad ? Turkish. Bu yol nereye gider ? Arm. Our g'erta ays janpan ? Kurd. Av ria kudare tchet ? Syriac, Laika kiza adh urkha ? Does this road lead to — ? Arabic. Hed-darb bewaddi li — ? Persian. In rah bi — mi-ravad ? Turkish. Bu yol — e gider-mi ? Ann. Ays jampan artioq g'erta — ? Kurd. Av ria tchet la — ? Syriac. Gallo kiza adh urkha 1 — ? Which road leads to — ? Arabic. Ya darb bewaddi li — ? Persian. Kudam rah bi — mi- ravad ? Turkish. — e hangi yol dan gitmeli ? Arm. Vor janpan g'erta — ? Kurd. Chi ria tchet la — ? Syriac. Aima iirkha kiza 1 — ? Which is the shortest way ? Arabic. Ya darb a grab ? Persian. Kudam rah nazdik-tar ast ? Turkish. ]6n qissa yol hangisi dir ? Arm. Vorn e amenagarj jam- pan ? Kurd. Chi rre neziktera ? Syriac. Aimaila urkha besh kii- tha? Is it safe on the road ? Arabic. Et-tariq amin ? Persian. Dar in rah amniyat as Turkish. Yol qorqusuzmu dur ? Arm. Jampan artioq abahov e? Kurd. Av re amina ? Syriac. Gallo urkha aminila ? How many hours is it to — ? Arabic. Kam sa'ah ila — ? Persian. Chand sa'at-ast bi — ? Turkish. — e qach sa'atleq y var ? Arm. Qani zham e minchev — Kurd. Chand sa'at haya la — Syriac. Kma sa'e ith ta — ? Take me to — . Arabic. Waddi-ni ila — . Persian. Mara bi — bi bar. Turkish. Beni — e gotiir. Arm. Dareq intz minchev — Kurd. Nishamin bede la — . Syriac. Naubelli 1 — . Where is there drinking water on this roa( Arabic. Wen el-moi lish-sherb hadha 't-tariq ? Persian. Dar in rah ab-i-khu dani kujast ? Turkish. Bu yol-da ichilej^k i nerede dir ? Arm. Our khmelou chour { ays janpou vra ? Kurd. Kane ave vakhwarei bvi ria ? Syriac. Aikailai maya de-shta^ b-adh urkha ? QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 519 Is it a camel road ? Arabic. Et-tariq muwafiq lij- jimal ? Persian. Rah-i-shutur ast ? Turkish. Deve yolu-mi dir ? Arm. Oiighdi jampa e artiog ? Kurd. Av ria bo heshter basha ? „ Syriac Kkhaskha adh urkba ta I gumle ? Is it only a mule road ? - Arabic. Hua faqat lil-baghaL? Persian. Faqat az barayi qatirba khubast ? Turkish. Yaliniz qatir yolu-mi dir ? Arm. Miayn chorii jampa e artioq ? Kurd. Av ria bas bo besterana ? Syriac. Gallo urkba d-kawedhnela ubass ? Is it only fit for men on foot ? Arabic. Hua faqat muwafiq lil- mesbi ? Persian. Faqat az barayi piya- dagan khubast ? Turkish. Yaliniz yayan giden- lere eyi-mi dir ? Ar7n. Mithe miayn liediodn martots harmar e ? Kurd. Av re bas paya ra ? Syriac. Gallo bas kkhashkha ta nashe rakhasbe ? 4. A Village or Town What is this place called ? Arabic. Shismii hadha'l-makan ? Persian. Bi inja chi mi-guyand ? or Inja chi nam darad ? Turkish. Bvl yerin ismi ne dir ? Arm. Inchbes g'gochvi ays deghn ? Kurd. Nave av *ard cbia ? Syriac. Mile shimma d-adh duk- tha? Where is the post ? Arabic. Wen el-postakhanah ? Persian. Post khaneh kujast ? Turkish. Postakhane nerede dir ? Arm. Our e namagadounn ? Kurd. Postakbanah laku da- reya ? Syriac. Aikaila postakbanah ? How many houses in this village ? Arabic. Kam bet fil-beled ? Persian. Dar in deh chand khaneh darad ? Bu koide qach ev var ? Qani doun ga ays kiughin mech ? Chand mal haya lavi gund ? K-ma bate ith b-adh ma- tha? Turkish. Arm. Kurd. Show me the telegraph office. Arabic. Dull-ni 'ala 't-telegraf- khanah. Persian. Teleghraf-khane-ra bi-man nishan bi-dihid. Turkish. Bana teleghraf-khaneyi goster. Arm. Our e herrakradounn. Kurd. Teleghraf khanah nisha- min beda. Syriac. Makhzeli teleghraf khana. 520 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Is there a telephone ofiQce here ? Arabic. Aku mahall talfun hina ? Persian. Inja telefun darad ? Turkish. Burda telefon merkezi var mi ? Arm. Hos herratzayn ga artioq? Kurd. Telefon khanah lahara _ haya V Syriac. Ith akha dukthat tele- fon ? Where is the inn ? Arabic. Wen el-Khan ? Persian. Khan (karwansarai, chaparkhaneh) kujast? Turkish. Khan nerede dir ? Arm. Our e otevann ? Kurd. Khan lakudareya ? Syriac. Aikaila khan ? We are going to stay the night here. Arabic. Inbat el-lelah hina. Persian. Imshab Inja mi-manim. Turkish. Biz geje burda dura- jayiz. Arm. Kishern hos bidi mnanq. Kurd. Av shav am lahera debim. Syriac. Bdamkhokh akha idlaile. 5. At a River What is this river called ? Arabic. Shism hel-shatt ? Persian. In rud-khaneh chi nam darad ? Turkish. Bu irmaghen ismi ne dir? Arm. Inchbes g'gochvi ays kedn ? Kurd. Nave av av chia ? Syriac. Mile shimma d-adh nehra ? How deep is the river? Arabic. Shqad ghumq esh-shatt ? Persian. Rud-khane^ chi-qadar 'amiq-ast ? Turkish. Sii ne qadar derin dir ? Arm. Vorchapkhore ays kedn? Kurd. Vi av chand kiira or 'amiqa. Syriac. Kmaile 'amuqa adh nehra ? Where is the nearest bridge? Arabic. Wen agrab jisr ? Persian. Kudam pul nazdiktar- ast? Turkish, fin vaqen koprii nerede dir"? Arm. Our e amenamod gam- ourchf ? Kurd. Nezikter prr laku da- reya ? Syriac. Aikaile gishra au bish qariwa ? Take me there. Arabic. Waddi-m li-hinak. Persian. Mara anja bi-bar. Turkish. Beni oraya gotiir. Arm. Hon dareq zis.. Kurd. La au dare nishamin beda. Syriac, Naubelli 1-tama. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 521 Show me the nearest ferry. Arabic. Wen agrab mu'eber. Persian. Guzar-gahi ki nazdiktar bashad bi-man nishan bi-dih. Turkish. Bana en yaqin gechid- yerini goster. Arm. Tsuyts dveq intz amen- amod kedantsn. Kurd. 'Arde nezikter bo darbaz nishamin beda. Syriac. Aikaila duktha de-psa'a ai besh qaruta. Get hold of a Arabic. Persian. Turkish. Arm. Kurd. Syriac. boat (canoe). Jib-li bell 6m. Kasbti paida kun. Bir qayiq bul. Mi navag kdeq. Garni paida beka. Khzi kha qayegh. Is there a raft here? Arabic. Aku kelek hina ? Persian. Kalak inja paida mi- shavad ? Turkish. Burda sal var mi ? Arm. Hos lasd ga artioq ? Kurd. Kalak lahera haya ? Syriac. Gallo ith kalak akha ? Is the current strong ? Arabic. El-moi terkodh qawi ? Persian. Ab tund mi-ravad ? Turkish. Aqinti choq var mi ? Arm. Mithe hosanqn zoravor e? Kurd. Av zakhma ? Syriac. Gallo maya zarbanelai ? Where is the easiest place to swim across? Arabic. Wen es-bal makan lis- sabahah. Persian. Kuja mi-tawanam bi- asani bi-shinavari bi- guzaram ? Turkish. bir tarafa yiizerek gitmek ichin en qolai yer nerede dir ? Arm. Our e amenalieshd vayrn loghalou antin ? Kurd. Chi 'aid asantira ta am bmalavanye darbaz kin ? Syriac. Aimaila duktha ai besh sanahi tad sakhokh upa- sokh ? Take us across. Arabic. .Qatti'ena. Persian. Mara bi-an taraf bi-barid. Turkish. Bizi qarshiya gechir. Arm. Antin dareq mez. Kurd. Ma darbaz bika. Syriac. Mapsilan. You will be rewarded. Arabic. Minkefik. Persian. In' am khahim dad. Turkish. Bakhshish vei^jeyiz. Arm. G'vartzadrenq tzez. Kurd. Ame teshtak din ta. Syriac. Bed yawekhlokh kha mindi. You must go in front of me. Arabic. Lazim temshi guddami. Persian. Bayad jilau-i-man bi- ravid. Turkish. Ileri gitmelisin. Arm. Arrcheves yertalou eq. Kurd. Lazima tu peshemin deche. Syriac. K-lazim d-zalokh qamaya minni. 522 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS What lies on the other side ? Arabic. Esh-fi *ala hedhak e§- sob? Persian. Chi ja (place) or shahr (city) dar an taraf ast ? Turlcish. Ute tarafda ne var ? Arm. Inch degh e timatsi goghmn ? Kurd. Lave tarafe chi haya ? Syriac. Ma ith lau bala khinna ? Is it far to the mouth ? Arabic. Esh qadr li-sadr esi shatt ? Persian. Az inja ta anja ki dai darya mi-rizad dur-asti Turkish. Chai aghzi uzaq-mi dir ] Arm. Kedaperann herrou e artioq ? Kurd. Zh-hara hatta vi av dchet bahre dura ? Syriac. Gallo rahuqtaila urkha min akha hul d-'awii a dh nehra 1-yama ? 6. A Mountain or Hill What is this big mountain called ? Arabic. Shism 'I-jebel (el-kabir) ? Persian. In kuh-i-buzurg chi mi- guyand ? Turkish. Bu biiyiik daghin ismi ne dir ? Inchbes g'gochvi ays medz lerrn ? Nave VI chia mazin chia ? Mile shimma d-adh \Vit2i. raba ? Arm. Kurd. Syriac, How high is the mountain ? Arabic. Esh 'elu ej-jebel ? Persian. In kuh chi-qadar buland ast? Turkish Dagh ne qadar yiiksek dir? Arm. Vorchap partzr e aya lerrn ? Kurd. Vi chia chand bilinda ? Syriac. Kmaile rama adh tura ? What is the easiest way up the hill ? Arabic. Ya darb as-hal lit-tell ? Persian. Bi-kudam rah bi-asani mi-tuwan bi-qulle-yi-an kuh rasid ? Turkish. Yuqariya en qolai yoi hangisi dir ? Arm. Vorn e amenaheshd jam- pan tebi plourn ? Kurd. Chi re asantira lasare vi chia? Syriac. Aimaila urkha ai besh sanahi tad asqokh 1-adh •tura? Is it very steep ? Arabic. TaPet-hu qawiyeh ? Persian. Khaili sar-a-balast ? Turkish. Pek dik mi dir ? Arm. Shad zarriver e artioq ? Kurd. Galak zahmata ? Syriac. Gallo kabira 'asqaile ? n QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 623 Is it dangerous ? Arabic. Hua mukhtir ? Persian. Khatar-nak ast ? Turkish. Qorqulu mu dir ? * Arm. Vdankavor e artioq ? Kurd, Khatar teda haya ? Syriac. Gallo mar darak ile ? Can one get up on horseback 9 Arabic. Mumkin el-wahid yutla' rakib ? Suwar mi-shavad raft ? At-ile chikila bilirmi ? Tziov artioq gareli e ver elnel ? Am tkarin becHm lasar beswari ? Gallo iban asqokh b-raka- wiitha ? Persian. Turkish . Arm. Kurd. Syriac. Can the guns be got up ? Arabic. Mumkin e^-tawap tetla' ? Persian. Tup-ha-ra mi-shavad anja burd ? Turkish. Toplar yuqariya cbikar- ila bilirmi ? Arm. Artioq gareli e tntanot- nern ver hanel ? Kurd. Am dikarin topa lasar belinin ? Syriac. Gallo iban d-masqokh to- patha ? Yes, but they cannot be got down on the other side. Arabic. Na'am, lakin miish mum- kin tanzU-hum min tarf eth-tham. Persian. Bali, amma az an taraf nami - shavad pa'in avardan. Turkish, ifiwet, amma ote tarafda indirilcmez. Arm. Ayo, payts che gareli zanonq var ichetsnel mius goghmn. Kurd. Hare, amma am nikarin laav terefe wan lakh- war bestinin. Syriac. Na'm, ilia laiban d-man- khthukhlai man bala kbenna. Are there several ways down ? Arabic. Aku jimlat nazlat ? Persian. Aya, chand rah bi-pa'In darad ? Turkish. Ashaghiya bir qach yol var mi ? Arm. Artioq shad jampane* gan tebi var ? Kurd. Galak ria haya Ivere ? Syriac. Gallo ith kabire urkhatha linkhatha ? Are there any robbers about ? Arabic. Aku haramiyah ? Persian. Dar in ja-ha duzd darad? Turkish. Etrafda khirsiz var mi ? Arm. Avazagner gan artioq ays goghmern ? Kurd. Diz haya ? Syriac. Gallo ith ganawe ? 524: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 7. A Forest How big is the forest ? Arabic. Esh kubr el-ghab (ez- zor) ? Persian. In bisheh {or jangal) chi- qadar buzurg-ast ? Turkish. Orman ne qadar biiviik dir? Arm. Andarrn vorchap medz e? Kurd. Av ghabab chand mazina? Syriac. Kmaila rabtba adh ghaba ? Eow wide is it ? Arabic. Esb 'ardb-hu ? Persian. Pahnash clii-qadar buzurg-ast ? Turkish. Ne qadar genish dir ? Arm. Vorchap layn e ? Kurd. Pehnewi {or ferrahewi) chanda ? Syriac. Kmaila petbyutbab ? Where does the road go through the forest ? Arabic. Wen aku darb bil-gbab (biz-zor) ? Persian. In rah ki az jangal mi- guzarad kuja mi-ravad? Turkish. Bu orraandan gechen vol nereye gider ? Arm. Our g'erta jampan an- darri mecben ? Kurd. Ee bvi gbabab laku dare- ya? Syriac. Aikaila urkba b-adb gba- ba? Can mounted troops get through the forest ? Arabic. Mumkin lil-khaiyalah ta'bur el-gbab (ez-z6r) ? Persian. Qushun-i-suwar mi-ta- wanad az bisbeb bi- guzarad ? Turkish. Ormandan siivari geche- bilirmi ? Arm. Hedzelazorq grna artioq antsnel andarri mechen? Kurd. Dikarin suwari dechin niva vi gbabab ? Syriac. Ibai rakawe pasi b-adb ghaba ? I Yes, but I don't think one can get through with the guns. Arabic. Na'am, lakin ma azunn et tawap tafut. Persian. Bali, amma guman nami -kunam ki tup bi-ravad. Turkish, '^vvet, faqat zann etmem ki top il6 gechiJebilir. Ayo, payts chem gardzer gareli e tntanotnerov antznel mechen. Hare, amma topa nikarin bechin. Na'm, ilia la kzainin to- patha ibai d'auri. Arm. Kurd. Syriac. I QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 525 8. Railway Station Is it far to the railway ? Arabic. Esh bu'ed es-sikkah ? Persian. Aya, bi-rah-i-ahan dur- ast ? Turkish. Demir yoluna uzaq-mi dir? Arm. Yergatoughin artioq her- rou e ? Kurd. Ria papore chand dura ? Syriac. Kmaila rahuqta urkha di-prizla ? • Only half an hour. Arabic. Nuss sa'ah faqat. Persian. Nim sa'at rah-ast u bas. Turkish. Salt yarim sa'at dir. Arm. Miayn ges zham. Kurd. Niv sa'at ubas. Syriac, Paige d-sa'ah bas. When does the train arrive ? Arabic. Yimta yosal el-qitar ? Persian. Qitar kai mi-rasad ? Turkish. Tren no zeman gelir ? Arm. Yerp knatsqn g'hasni ? Kurd. Ria papore kange deet ? Syriac. Iman bed athya ma- skina ? When does the train go to — ? Arabic. Yimta yusafir el-qi^ar ila— ? Persian. Qitar bi — kai mi-ravad ? Turkish. Tren — e ne zeman gider ? Arm. Yerp knatsqn g'megni ? Kurd. Papor kange dechet la — ? Syriac. Iman bedzala mashina 1 — ? Where is the next train eoming from ? Arabic. Min en yaji el-qitar eth-thani ? Persian. Qitar az kuja mi-ayad ? Turkish. bir tren neieden gelir ? Arm. Oiisti gu'ka bachoit knatsqn ? Kurd. Papor zhku dare deet ? Syriac. Min aika bed athya ma- shina ? Stop the train. Arabic. Waggif el-qitar. Persian. Qitar-ra istadeh kun. Turkish. Treni durdur. Arm. Knatsqn getsoutseq. Kurd. Papor besakkina. Syriac. Mahmella mashina. Get me a porter. Arabic. Jib-li hammal. Persian. Hammali paida kun. Turkish. Ban a bir hammal getir. Arm. Perrnagir jareq. Kurd. Hammalak bomin paida beka. Syriac. Maitheli kha hammala. What is the fare ? Arabic. Besh yiswa en-nol ? Persian. Chand bayad bi-diham ? Turkish. Yol parasi ne qadar dir ? Ann. Vorqan e janabarha- dzakhqn ? Kurd. Chand haq az bedem ? Syriac. K-ma time yawin ? Where is my luggage ? Arabic. Wen aghradhi ? Persian. Asbab-i-man kujast ? Turkish. !^shyam nerede dir ? Arm. Our e ireghens ? Kurd. Asbabemin lakii darena ? Syriac. Aikailai sababi ? 526 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 9. Inquiries about Troops Have you seen our troops ? Arabic. Sliuft 'asakir-na ? Persian. Qushun-i-mara dida-id ? Turkish. 'Askerimizi gordiiniiz- mil ? Arm. Desaq artioq mer zor- qern ? Kurd. 'Askarama ta dit ? Syriac. Gallo khzelokh 'askar di- yan? Do you know where the troops are ? Arabic. Ta'raf wen el-'asker ? Persian. Mi-danid ki qushun ku- jast ? Turkish. *Askerin nerede oldii- ghunu bilirmisiniz ? Arm. Kideq artioq our yen mer zorqern ? Kurd. Tu tzani 'askar laku da- reya ? Syriac. Gallo yadh-et aikaila *as- kar? Yes, I saw them by the wood. Arabic, Na'am, shufthum garib el-ghab (ez-z6r). Persian. Bali, an-ha-ra dam-i- bishek didam. Turkish. Evvet, ormanin yaninda gordiim. Arm. Ayo, andarri mod desa zanonq. Kurd. Hare, ma awan dit ne- zike vi ghabah. Syriac. Na*m kemkhazennai qor- ba d-adb ghaba. What sort of troops and how many are they ? Arabic. Esh shikel asker wa kam wahid ? Persian. Chi jiir qushiin, u cliand nafar ? Turkish. Ne durlu 'asker dir, ve 'adde ne qadar ? Arm. Inch desag zorqer yev qani had yen ? Kurd. Chi tov 'askarin u chan- ' din? Syriac. Ma tukhma d-'askarilai wukmaile minianaihi ? Five thousand, with cavalry and guns. Arabic. Khamsat alaf ma' '1-khai- yalah wat-tawap. Persian. Panj hazar, ba suwar ii tup. Turkish. Besh bin var, siivari ile toplar. Arin. Hink hazar, hedzelazor- qov yev tntanotnerov. Kurd. Penj hazar suwar ii topa. Syriac. Khamsha alpe 'immed swariye iitopatha. i How long have they been there ? Arabic. Kam yom baqa lahum hinak ? Persian. Az chi waqt anja biideh- and ? Turkish. Ne vaqit-dan-beri orada dirler ? Arm. Yerpen i ver hon yen ? Kurd. Zhchi wakht wan lav darena ? Syriac. Min imanilai tama ? QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 627 In which direction have they marched ? Arabic. Min e tarf rahu ? Persian. Bi-kudam taraf rawaneh shudeh-and ? Turkish. Hangi jihete hareket etdiler ? Arm. Vor goghm qaletsin ? Kurd. Lachi taraf e choyen ? Syriac. Gallo sub aima t^raf zellai ? Where is an officer ? Arabic. Wen edh-dhabit ? Persian. Sahib-mansabi kujast ? Turkish. Zabit nerede dir ? Arm. Our ga mi sba ? Kurd. Zabit laku dareya ? Syriac. Aikaile zabit ? Take me to the Colonel. Arabic. Waddi-ni ila '1-miraIai. Persian. Mara pish-i-sartip bi- bar. Turkish. Beui miralaya gotiir. Arm. Dareq zis kndabedin. Kurd. Peshe miralai miu be- birra. Syriac. Naubelli 1-gebe d-miralai. I have a letter from our General. Arabic. 'Andi maktub min mu- sbir-na, Kaghazi daram az sardar. Qomandanimizdan bende birmektub var. Namag ounim mer zora- beden. Kaghazak zbsar'aska- rema lagal min haya. Ith 'immi kha kthawa min sar'askar diyan. Persian. Turkish. Arm. Kurd. Syriac. 10. Food and Drink I am hungry, I wish to eat. Arabic. Ana jo 'an, arid sbe a'kul. Persian. Gurasneb-am,mi-khaham bi-kburam. Turkish. Qarnim ach, yeyejek bir sbei isterim. Arm. Anotiyem,oudelg'ouzem. Kurd. Az bersima, ma tishtak tvet. Syriac. KpTnaiwin, kibain d-akh- lin. I am thirsty, I wish to drink. Arabic. Ana 'atsban, arid-li she ishrab. Persian. Tishneb-am, mi-kbaham bi-nusham. Turkish. Susuzim, su ichmek iste- rim. Arm. Dzaravi yem, khmel g'ouzem. Kurd. Az tehnim, vakhwarine ma tvet. Syriac. Sihyaiwin, kibain d-sliatin . 528 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS I Where can 1 I get food ? Arabic. Wen ahassi] el-ekl ? Persian. Az kuja mi-tawanam khurdani paida kunam ? Turkish. Nerede yeyejek bula bi- lirim ? Arm, Our grnam oudeliq kdnal ? Kurd, Teshtak bo khwarine laku dare az paida bikim? Syriac. Gallo min aika kliazin kha mindi ta Tkhala ? Have you enough for all my men ? Arabic. 'Andek slie kafi li-ja ma'ati ? Persian. Aya, az barayi hame-yi adamha-yi-man kafi da rid ? Turkish. Neferlerimin hepisine ye tejek qadar var-mi ? Arm. Artioq pavaganacha] ouneq polor martots'i bamar ? Kurd. Lagalta baya tesbt b( bammu meremin ? Syriac. Gallo ittokh mindi di kmale ta kullai nasbi di? Innkeeper, we want a meal. Arabic. Ya kbanji, nurid ekl. Persian. Mi-kbabim cbizi bi- kbiirim. Turkish. Kbanji, yemek isteriz. Arm. Bantogabed, geragour gouzenq. Kurd. Kbancbi, ma tesbt tvet. Syriac, Kbancbi, kibokb ikbala. Is the water good here ? Arabic. El-moi tayyib bina ? Persian. Ab dar inja kbub-ast ? Turkish. Buranin suyu eyi m dir? Arm. Cbourn artioq lav e bos ' Kurd. Av labera kbwasba ? Syriac. Gallo maya d-akba ran delai ? Give me something to drink. Arabic. A'tini sbe isbrab. Persian. Cbizi nusbidani bi-man bi-dibid, Turkish. Bana icbejek bir sbei ver. Arm. Kbmelou mi pan dveq. Kurd. Tesbtak bo vakbwarine bo min beda. Syriac. Halli kba mindi ta sbtaya. Have you fresh eggs ? Arabic. -^'Andkum baidb tazi'ah ' Persian. Tukbm-i-murgb-i-tazeb darid ? Turkish. Taze yumurtaniz vai mi ? Arm. Artioq ouneq tbarn bavgit ? Kurd. Nu beka lagalwa baya ? Syriac. Gallo ittaukbii be-€ rande ? QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 529 Bring bread and cheese. Arabic. Jib-lena khubz wa-jiben. Persian. Nan u panir bi-yar. Turkish, l^kmek ile penir getir. Arm. Peretseq hats yev banir ? Kurd. Nan u penir bo ma bina. Syriac. Maithelan likhma ugupt a . I am going to pay for it. Arabic. Ba'tiq haqqek. Persian. Pul-i-an-ra mi-khaham bi-dibam. Turkish. Parasini ver^jeyim. Arm. Bidi vjarem ador hamar Kurd. Az haqqewi bidem. Syriac. Bidyawin haq dlye. Bring us coffee with milk. Arabic. Jib-lena qahwah bi-halib. Persian. Qahweh ba shir-i-gau bi- yar. Turkish. Bize siitlu qahve getir. Arm. Gathov sourj peretseq mez. Kurd. Qahwa u shir boma bina Syriac. Maithe Ian qahwa u khelya. Hurry up, we haven*t much time. Arabic. Ista'jil, ma 'andna waqt. Persian. Zud bash, khaili waqt na- darim. Turkish. Chabuk ol, choq vaqi- timiz yoq. Arm. Shdabetseq, shad zham- anaq ch'ounenq. Kurd. Lazi bika, wakht ma nina. Syriac. Qalula, lattan 'iddana. Bring us the bill. Arabic. Jib-lena el-hisab, Persian. Hisab-ra bi-yar. Turkish. Bize hisab getir. Arm. Peretseq hashivn, Kurd. Hisabema bina. Syriac. Makhzelan hisab diyan. How much do we owe ? Arabic. Esh tela' 'alena ? Persian. Chand bayad bi-dihim ? Turkish. Borjumuz ne qadar ? Arm, Vorqan g'bardinq tzez ? Kurd. Haqqeta chanda ? Syriac. Kmaile haq diyokh ? How much does this cost ? Arabic. Besh yiswa hadha ? Persian, In chand mi-arzad ? Turkish. Bunun fi'ati ne dir ? Arm. Ays vorqan arzhe ? Kurd. Haq avi chanda ? Syriac. Mile timed adhi ? Ll 530 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 11. Billets, Lodging and Stabling I want quarters for 50 men. Arabic. Arid makan li-khatir khamsin nefer. Persian. Az barayi pan j ah adam manzil mi-khaham. Turkish. Elli nefer ichun yer isterim. Arm. Hisoun marti hamar degh g'ouzem. Kurd. Az 'ard dikhwazim bo penji zalam. Syriac. Kibain duktha ta kham- shi nashe. Give me better quarters. Arabic. A'tini makan ahsan. Persian. Manzili bihtar az in bi- man bi-dih. Turkish. Bana bundan eyi bir yer ver. Arm. Aveli lav degh dveq intz. Kurd. 'Aid khwashter bo min beda. Syriac. Halli duktha besh tauta. Have you found me quarters yet ? Arabic. Has§alt-]i makan ? Persian. Manzili az barayi man haniiz paida kardeh-id ? Turkish. Bizim ichun yer daha buldun mu ? Arm. Intz hamar degh kdaq the voch ? Kurd. Ta 'ard boma paida keri ? Syriac. Gallo khzelokh duktha tali ? Where is the owner of the house ? Arabic. Wen §ahib el-bet ? Persian. Sahib-i-inkhaneh kujast'i Turkish. Ev sahibi nerede ? Arm. Our e ays dan dern ? Kurd. Khudane vi mal laku dareya ? Syriac. Aikaile mare d-adh bai- tha? Light the fire, please. Arabic. Ish'al en-nar. Persian. Lutfan atash-ra biafruz. Turkish. Kerem et, ateshi yaq. Arm. Hajetseg gragn varrel. Kurd. Bkarameta, agir bika. Syriac. Kmarjin minnokh, ewodh nura. i I want stabling for 16 horses. Arabic. YUzam-li makan khatir zerabat li-sitt 'ash hisan. Persian. Az barayi shunzdeh asp tawileh mi-khaham. Turkish. On alti at ichun akhur isterim. Arm. Dasnvets tzii hamar akhorr g'ouzem. Kurd. 'Ard bo shazda asp dikh - wazim. Syriac. Kibin duktha ta 'ishtasar suse. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 531 Thanks, we want nothing more, Arabic. Mimnumn, ma nerid gher she. Persian. Lutf-i-shuma ziyad,digar chizi lazim nadarim. Turkish. Teshekkurederim,bashqa bir shei istemeyiz. Arm. Shnorhagaloutiun, aveli pan chenq ouzer, Kurd. Shukur, lateshtak di hauja nina. Syriac. Shakrinnokhjaksanqokh l-mindi khenna. Tell all people not to be afraid. Arabic. Qui lin-nas la yakhafu. Persian. Bi-mardum bi-gu na- tarsand. Turkish. Bitiin ehaliya soile qorq- mazsinlar. Amen martots aseq vor ch'vaklman. Bo hammu kbalq khabar bida natersin. Makhber kullai nashe d-la zadi. Arm. Kurd. Syriac. Where is there some clean water ? Arabic. Aku moi nedhif? Persian. Ab-i-pak kujast ? Turkish. Temiz su nerede bulunur? Arm. Our ga maqour chour ? Kurd. Laku dare av khwash haya ? Syriac. Aika ith maya rande ? Clear those houses ; we are going to quarter our men in them. Arabic. Farrigh el-buyut ; nerid nunezzil rijalna fiha. Persian. An khane-ha-ra khall kun ; ml-khahim adam-ha-yi kbud-ra anja manzil bi-dihim. Turkish. Shu evlerden ehaliyi chiqar, neferatimizi ora- da oturtajaghiz. Arm. Maqretseq ayt dounern, anonts mech bidi deghavorenq mer mar- tiqn. Kurd. Van mala khali bika, ame merekhwa lavedare dai- nin. Syriac. Msapqu an bate, bed- matwokh nashan b-ga- waihi. Is there smallpox in this village ? Arabic. Aku jidrl fil-beled ? Persian. Dar in deh abileh da- rad? Turkish. Bii koide chichek khasta- lighi var mi ? Arm. Dzaghgakhd ga artioq ays kiughi mech ? Kurd. Awlek [or khuri) lav- gund haya ? Syriac. Gallo ith shalqo {or shikhna) b-adh tha? l12 532 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Tell me the house where there are sick men. Arabic. Akhbir- iii wen el-hosh el- ledbi aku mardha. Persian. Mara an khane-ra nishan deh ki-mardum-i-na- khiish dar anja ha- stand. Turhish, Ichinde khasta bulunan evi bana goster. Arm. Asatseq intz ayn doun'n our hivant martiq gan. Kurd. *Arde nasakha nisbamin beda. Syriac. Makhzeli duktha d-ith ba kribe. Is it feverish here ? Arabic. Aku sakhuneh fil-makan hadha ? Persian. Inja tab darad ? Turkish. Burasi sitmali mi dir ? Arm. Artioq chermod degh e bos? Kurd. Ta labera baya ? Syriac. Gallo ith sbatba b-adb duktha ? Is it healthy here ? | Arabic. Ha wa bel-makan tayyib ? Persian. Inja salim-ast ? Turkish. Buranin bavasi eyi- mi dir ? Arm. Artioq arrogbcb degh a bos? Kurd. Baye vi ard kbwasba ? Syriac. Gallo manakb d-adh duk- tha randaile ? 12. Strang-ers or Suspects Stop ! or I shall shoot. Arabic. Ogaf, wa-illa idhrabek bi-rasas. Persian. Bi-ist, wa-illa tir mi- andazam. Turkish. Dur ! yoqsa atesh ederim, Arm» Getseq! yethe vochg'zar- nem. Kurd, Rawusta ! {or bisakkina) yan az ta kuzbim. Syriac. Hmol ! ilia bedmakbin. Don^t move from the spot. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. Arm. Kurd. Syriac. La tataharrak min makanek. Az anja ki ha^ti ^arakat na-kun. Oradan qimildanma. Mi sharzhir deghed {sing.), ch'sharzhiq deg- herned {fl.). Zhvedare nacha. La mharkit min duk- thokb. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 533 Stand a little farther off. Arabic. Ogaf shweyah ab'ad. Persian. Qadri durtar bi-ist. Turkish. Bir az daha uzaqda dur. Arm. Poqr incli aveli herroun getseq. Kurd. Durter bisakkina. Syriac. Hmol besh rahuqa. Come closer. Arabic. Tal (ta'al) shweya agrab. Persian. Nazdiktar biya. Turkish. Daha yaqin gel. Arm. Aveli mod yegeq. Kurd. Nezlkter wara. Syriac. Hayyo besh qariwa. Arabic. Dur {fl. Duru). Persian. Bar gard. Turkish. Don. Ar7n. Tartzeq. Kurd. Bezevirra. Syriac. Pthol or kbdhor. Hands up ! Arabic. Arfa' yedaik ! Persian. Dast bar darid ! Turkish. ]fillerini qaldir 1 Arm, Tzerrqernit partzra- tsoutseq \ Kurd. Dasteta bellna ! Syriac. Maurim idhatbokb 1 Put down your arms. Arabic. Irmi islahatek {j)l. Irmu islahtekum). Persian. Aslihah ru-yi zamin bi- guzar. Turkish. Silahini yere braq. Arm. Zenqernit var dreq. Kurd. Chakketa bavezha. Syriac. Mhalik chakkokh. Surrender. Arabic. Sellem nefsek. Persian. Khud-ra tasiim kun. Turkish. Tesiim ol. Arm. Antznadour yegheq. Kurd. Taslim beka. Syriac. Msalim. You may not talk to any one. Arabic. La tehaki ma* ahad. Persian. Na-bayad ba kasi harf bi-zani. Turkish. Hich bir kimseile qonush- mayajaqsin. Arm. Ourishi bed khoselou ch'eq. Kurd. Lagal kas na kheva. Syriac. La mahkit 'immed chu kha. You are trying to deceive me. Arabic. Enta terid [or tujarrib) takhda*-ni. Persian. Mi-khahid mara gul bi- zanid. Turkish. Beni aldatmagha cha- lisbyorsun. Arm. G'ashkhadiq khapel zis. Kurd. Ma khalatandin ta khwast. Syriac. Kibet ta d-magbeltetti. You are lying ! Arabic. Enta tikdheb 'aleyi Persian. Durugh mi-gu'i! Turkish. Yalan soileyorsun [ Arm. Soud g'khosiq!, g'sdeq Kurd. Tu drau kir. Syriac. Kimdaglit. 534 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS You are a spy ! Take off your belt. Arabic. Enta jasiis ! Arabic. Fukk hizamek. Persian, Jasusi ! Persian. Kamarband - i - khud - ra Turkish. Sen jasus sin ! bar darid. Arm. Lrdes eq ! Turkish. Qayishini chiqar. Kurd. Tu jasusi ! Arm. Qagetseq tzer kodin. Syriac. Gashoshaiwet ! Kurd. Pishteta vaka {or kama- reta daina). Syriac. Shri shibaqokh. If you behave you will be safe. Arabic. Idha meshit tayyib, 'a^ek aman. Persian. Agar bi taur-i-ma'qu) You are under arrest. Arabic. Enta taht el-habs. Persian. Zir-i-tauqTf hasti. Turkish, Tahti tevqifde sin. Arm. Galanavor eq. Kurd. Tu girtie. Turkish. Arm. Kurd. raftar kuni, zarari bi-tu na-khahad rasid. ifiyer eyi davranarsan qorqusuz ola bilirsin. Yethe kheloq genaq anvdank g'mnac . 'Aqil bikautu khalas biki. Hwi 'aqil u bedkhalsit. Syriac. K arinnokh. Syriac. 13. Wounds OR Sickness | Do you feel better ? What is the matter ? Arabic. Kefek ahsan ? Arabic. Ma lak ? Persian. Ahwal-i-shuma bihtar- Persian. Chi (zarar) darid ? JH Ne var ? ^^ Inch ga ? Inch e ast? Turkish. Turkish. Kendini daha eyi giiri- Arm. yormisin ? badahadz ? Arm. Aveli lav g'zkag artiog ? Kurd. Ch! haya ? Kurd. Tu khwasMere ? Syriac. Ma Ith ? Syriac. Gallo besh randaiwet ? Do you feel worse ? Arabic. Kefek arda ? Persian. Ahwal-i-shuma badtar- I am wounded. ast? Arabic. Ana majriih. Turkish. Kendini daha fena Persian. Zakhm khurdeh-am. giiriyormisin ? Turkish. Yarali-im. Arm. Aveli vad g'zkag artiog ? Arm. Viravorvadz yem. Kurd. Tu kharabtere ? Kurd. Az brindarim. Syriac, Gallo besh kharabaiwet ? Syriac. Jiihaiwin. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 535 Where are you wounded ? Arabic. Wen jurhek ? Persian. Zakhm-at kujast ? Turkish. Nerede yaralisin ? Arm. Vor deghen viravorvadz eq? Kurd. Brineta laku dareya ? Syriac. Aikaiwet jriha ? In the knee, Uie foot. Arabic. Bi-rukbati, bi-rijfli. Persian. Dar zanu, dar pa. Turkish. Dizimden, ayaghimdan. Arm. Dzoimges, vodqes. Kurd. La zhnii {or la zarani), la pe. Bgo birka, bgo aqla. Syriac. Keep quiet. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. Arm. Kurd. Syriac. Iskut (don't talk), la _tatah.arrak {don't move). Asudeh bash. Qimildanma. Hantard getseq. Nakheva {don't talk), harakat naka {don't move). Shtoq {don't talk), la m^arkit {don't move). You mustn't speak. Arabic. La tehaki. Persian. Na-bayad harf bi-zanid. Turkish. Laqirdi etmemelisin. Arm. Bedq che khosiq. Kurd. Nakheva. Syriac. La mahkit. Sit down, lie down. Arabic. Aq'ad (p^. uq'udu). Persian. Bi-nishin, bi-khab. Turkish. Otur, yat. Arm. Nsdetseq, barrgetseq. Kurd. Runa, rahat bistina draizh biba. Syriac. Itu, irokh. or Undress yourself. Arabic. Ishlah hudumek. Persian. Rakht-i-khud-ra bi-kan or lukht shau. Turkish. Soyun. Arm. Hanvetseq. Kurd. Jilketa beshalina, Syriac. Shl5kh jullokh. Give me water. Arabic. A'tini moi. Persian. Turkish. Arm. Kurd. Syriac. Ab bi-dih.^ Bana su ver. Chour dveq intz. Av bida min. Halli may a. Here is Water and brandy. Arabic. Hadha moi wa-kunyak. Persian. Inak, ab u konyak. Turkish. Ishte sana su ile qonyaq. Arm. Aha chour yev coniac. Kurd. Ava av ukonyak. Syriac. Ha maya u konyak. Give me a bandage. Arabic. A'tini rabatah. Persian, 'lsabe-3^ bi-man bi-dih. Turkish. Bana bir yara sarghisi ver. Arm. Viragab dveq intz. Kurd. Pat a b5 min bma. Syriac. Halli khdha pasta. 536 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Help me with the bandaging. Arabic. Sa'id-ni bir-rabatah. Persian. Dar 'i^abeh bastan mara yawari kun. Turkish. Bana sarghiyi sarmaqda yardim et. Arm. Oknetseq intz viraga- poutiamp. Kurd. Lasliadandine haremin wara. Syriac. 'Onni b-xsara. Take this medicine. Arabic. Khod islirab ed-dawa. Persian. In darii-ra bi-khur. Turkish. Shu 'ilaii ich. Arm. Arreg ays teghn, Kurd. Vi darman bestina. Syriac. Shqol adh darmana. Go to the Doctor and teli him to come at once. Arabic. Ruli lil-liakim wa-qul- luh yiji bil-'ajel. Persian. Hakim-ra bi-gu zud bi- yayad. Turkish. Hekime git soile ki shimdi buraya gelsin. Arm. Knatseq pzhishgin yev asatseq anmichabes ka. Kurd. Harra nik hakim ubezha bowl da zu et. Syriac. Si 1-gebe d -hakim umore d-athe qalula. Take this man to hospital. Arabic. Waddi her-rijal lil-khas- takhanah. Persian. In mard-ra bi maiiz- khaneh bi-bar. Turkish. Bii nef eri khasta-khaney e gotiir. Ann. Hivanlanots dareg ays martn. Kurd. Vi mer lakhastakhana biberra. Syriac. Naubil adh nasha Ikhas- takhana. 14. General Phrases Good night, madam. Arabic. M-Allah bi-kher ya sitt. Persian. Shab-i-shuma bi-khair, khanam. Turkish. Gejeniz khair olsun, hanem effendi. Arm. Pari kisher, Kurd. Syriac. Push b-shayna khanam. digin. Good morning, madam. Arabic. Sabah m-Allah bi-kher, ya sitt. Persian. Subh-i-shuma bi-khair. Turkish. Sabahiniz khair olsun. haaem effendi. Arm. Pari luys, digin. Kurd. Subahi bkhair. Syriac, Shlama khanam. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 537 G:od morning, Sir. Arabic. Sabah m- Allah bi-kli6r, efiendi. Persian. Subh-i-shuma bi-khair. Tjurkish. Sabaliiniz khair olsun, efiendim. Arm. Pari luys, baron. Kurd. Subahi bkhair ! Syriac. Shlama lukh effendi. How are you? Arabic. Shlon kefek ? Persian. Ahwal-i-shuma chi taur- ast? ^ Turkish. Nasi siniz ? Arm. Inchbes eq ? Kurd. Kaifata chawaya ? Syriac. Dekb iwet ? I am sorry. Arabic. Ana mute'essif. Persian. Afsus mi-khuram. Turkish. Yaziq. Arm. . G'tsavim. Kurd. Az kbaminim. Syriac. Kimasfin. What is the news ? Arabic. Esh el-khabr ? Persian. Chi khabar-ast ? Turkish. Ne khaber var ? Arm. Inch lour ga ? Kurd. Chi khabar haya ? Syriac. Ma khabra ith ? Do you know English ? Arabic. Ta'rif anglezi ? Persian. Inglisi-ra mi-danid ? Turkish. Ingilizje bilirmisiniz ? Ann Anglieren kideq ? Kurd. Tu inglisi zani ? Syriac. Gallo kyadh'et inglisi ? Speak slowly. Arabic. Ehki yawash. Persian. Yawash harf zan. Turkish. Yavash soile. Arm. Gamats khosetseq. Kurd. Yawash bakheva. Syriac. Mahki b-nikhutha. There is a fire. Arabic. Aku nar. Persian.. Atash darad. Turkish. Atesh var burda. Arm. Grag ga, Kurd. Agir haya. Syriac. Ith nura. Impossible. Arabic. Mu mumkin. Persian. Muhal, ghair-i-mumkin. Turkish. Olmaz. Arm. Angareli. Kurd. Na mumkina {or nabit). Syriac. Ghair mumkin {or la baraya). Please come in ; sit down ! Arabic. Tafadhdhal udkhui uq'ud ! Persian. Bi-farma'id; bi-nishinidt Turkish. Buyurun ; oturun ! Arm. Hajetseq ners ; nsdetseq! Kurd. Wara ; runa ! Syriac. Tafa dhdh al hayyo ; itu ! God grant it ! Arabic. In sha Allah ! Persian. Khuda kunad! In sha'llah ! Turkish, Inshallah ! Arm. Asdvadz da ! Amen ! Kurd. Khuzzi, ishallah ! Syriac. Khuzzi, in sha allah ! 538 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS It is true. Arabic. Sahih. Persian. Rast ast. Turkish. Dogliru dir. Arm. Jisht e. Kurd. Rasta. Syriac. Tamam. What are your wishes ? Arabic. Esh khatirek ? Persian. Chi mi-khahid ? Turkish. Ne istersiniz ? Ar7n. Inch e tzer papakn ? Kurd. Ta chi tvet {or dkhwazi) Syriac, Ma kibet ? Thank God ! I am well, Arabic. El- bi- El-hamdu lillah {or hamdillah), ana kher ! Al-hamdu lillah, ahwal- am khiib-ast ! Turkish. Al-hamdu lillah, eyi yim I Arm. Parrq Asdoudzo, lav Persian. Kurd, Syriac. yem Shukur lakhude, az sa- khim! Kshakrin alaha, iwin! sakh You are welcome. Arabic. Marhaba ; ehlen wa-seh- len. Persian. Khush amadid. Turkish. Khosh geldiniz! Safa geldiniz ! Arm. Parov yegaq. Kurd, Marhaba 1 tu khwash hati. Syriac, Marhaba I Please. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. Arm. Kurd. Syriac. Thank you. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. Arm. Kurd. Syriac. Tafadhdhal {SeeVocab.) Lutfan. Kerem et. Hajetseq, khntrem. Bkhaireta. Min fadh] diyokh. Mimnun or kethther khairek. Iltifat-i-shuma ziyad. Teshekkiir ederim. Shnorhagal yem tzez. Min zhta minata. Minta minnokh {or kshakrennokh). Do you understand ? Arabic. Tifham ? Persian.. Turkish. Arm. Kurd. Syriac. Aya, fahmidi ? Anladin mi ? G' hasgnaq ? Tu fahm deki ? Gallo kfahmit ? I don*t understand. Arabic. Ana ma iftahim. Persian. Nami-fahmam. Turkish. Anlamam. Arm. Chem hasgnar, Kurd. Az fahm nakim. Syriac. Lak fab min. All right. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. Arm. Kurd. Syriac. Tayyib. Khaili khub. Pek 'ala, pek eyi. Shad lav ! Chaka {or qanja). Randa. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 539 There is no news. Arabic. Maku khabr. Persia?i. Khabaii nist. Turkish. Khaber yoq. Arm. Lour cb'ga. Kurd. Chu khabar nina. Syriac. Laith chu khabra. How do you know ? Arabic. Shlon ta'rif ? Persian. Az kuja mi-danid ? Turkish. Nasi bilirsiniz ? Arm. Inchbes kideq ? inchen kideq ? Kurd. Tu cbawa {or kusa) tzani ? Syriac. Min aika kyadh-et ? It is false. Arabic. Mu sahih or kidhb. Persian. Durugh-ast. Turkish. Yalan dir. Arm. Skhal e, soud e. Kurd. Drawa. Syriac. Duglaile ! I am glad. Arabic. El-hamdu lillah. Persian,. Khusb-am mi-yayad. Turkish. Memnun um. Ar7n. Ourakh yem, kob yem. Kurd. Az kbwashim. Syriac. P§ikbaiwin. Possible. Arabic. Mumkin. Persian. Mumkin. Turkish. Mumkin, olabilir. Arm. Gareli. Kurd. Mumkina {or dbit). Syriac. Mumkin {or kbare). Rain threatens. Arabic. Ed-dunya mattarab. Persian. Darad baran bi-barad. Turkish. Yaghmur yagbajaq gibi Arm. Antzrev g'sbarrna. Kurd. Dunya barana. Syriac. Dunye mitranithaila. It is moonlight. Arabic. Ed-dunya nur qamar. Persian. Mahtab-ast. Turkish. Mahitab havasi var. Arm. Lousnga e, lousniag kisher e. Kurd. E-ozbnahie haiva. Syriac. Bebra d-seraile. How old are you ? Arabic. Kam senah 'umrak ? Persian. Chand salagi darid ? Turkish. Qacb yasbinda sin ? Arm. Qani daregan eq ? Kurd. 'Umreta chanda ? {or ta cband sal haya ?) Syriac. Kmaile 'umr diyokb ? I must go. Arabic. Lazim aruh. Persian. Bayad bi-rawam Turkish. Gitmeliyim. Arm. Yertalou yem, bardim yertal. Kurd. Lazima az dechem. Syriac. Lazim ta d-zali. Is he at home ? Arabic. Hiia bil-bet ? Persian. Dar khane-ast ? Turkish. J^vde mi dir ? Arm. Dann e artioq ? Kurd. Au Imala ? Syriac. B-go baitbailc ? 540 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Who is it ? Arabic. Menu ? Persian. Kist? Turkish. Kim dir ? Arm. Ove? Kurd. Au kia ? Syriac. Manile ? Let him enter. Arabic. Khalli-yidkhul. Persian. Biyayad. Turkish. Buyursun. Arm. Ners thogh ka. Kurd. Bila bet. Syriac. Shud awer. Does the water boil ? Arabic. El-moi teghli ? Persian. Ab jush mi-khurad ? Turkish. Su qainayor mu ? Arm. Chourn g'erra artioq ? Kurd. Av kill bu ? Syriac. Gallo maya birthakhai lai? Good-bye. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. Arm. Kurd. Syriac. Au revoir. Arabic. Persian. Turkish. Arm. Kurd. Syriac. Auda'nakum or Fi aman Allah {see Vocab.). Khuda hafiz. Allaha ismarladiq. Mnaq parov. Bkbatirata. Posh bi-shlama. Inshallah neshufek 'an qaiib. Dubareh shuma-ra kha- him did. Yaqinda goriishuriiz in- shallah. Yertaq parov. Az jarak di ta debinim. Bidkhazinnokh khirta. Pleasant journey. Arabic. Ma'a 's-selamah. Persian. Fi aman ill ah. Turkish. Selametle, oghurlar-ol- sun. Arm. Pari janportoutiim. Kurd. Safareta piroz bit. Syriac. Saf ar diyokh hawe brikh a . Of course. Arabic. Ma'lum or helbet. Persian. Albatteh. Turkish, l^lbette. Arm. Anshousht. Kurd. Ma'lum. Syriac. Ma'lum. Please tell me. Arabic. Tafadhdhal qul-li. Persian. Lutfan mara bi-gii. Turkish. Rija edorim bana soile. Arm. Khntrem aseq intz. Kurd, Zhkarameta, khabar beda min. Syriac, Kmarjin minnokh, makhberi. What did you say ? Arabic. Esh quit ? Persian. Chi guftid ? Turkish. Ne dediniz ? Arm. Inch usiq ? inch asetsiq ? Kurd. Ta chl got ? Syriac. Ma merokh ? What did he say ? Arabic. Esh qal ? Persian. Ghi guft ? Turkish. Ne dedi ? Arm. Inch usav, inch asets ? Kurd. Chi got ?^ Syriac. Ma imere ? QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 541 Excuse me. You are mistaken. Arabic. El-'afu. Arabic. Enta ghaltan. Persian. Bi-bakhslud. Persian. Khata kardid. Turkish. 'AiV edersiniz. Turkish. Yanlishiniz var, Arm. Neretseq. Arm. Gr'skhaliq. Kurd. Gazin naka. Kurd. Tu khalatl. Syriac. Al-'afu {or la audhit ga- Syriac. Gheltaiwet. zin). No matter. Arabic. Ma yukhalif. Persian. 'Aibi na darad. Turkish. Zarar yoq. Arm. Hok che. Kurd. Bila bit. Syriac. Shud hawe {or la has). THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH DAY AND TO $1.00 ON THE SEVENTH DAY OVERDUE. <^FP 1^ 1914 AUG 31 1935 . i:;^-sp- 1 leAugDEAD i \ I: 1 4- I LD21-100to-7,'33 493771 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY