p:np,,,r,,::;r''r;!i|;,;h!i,i^^^^ =i?cu^ CBL^NDLER tftfHttaWttWitfHMHtUauattMUtii ii tMi i iMMUtllilJ J UUt HW Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/birdwomanoflewisOOchanrich THE BIRD-WOMAN OF THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION A SUPPLEMENTARY READER FOR FIRST AND SECOND GRADES BY KATHERINE CHANDLER Author of " Habits of California Plants " and " In the. Reign of Coyote : Folk-Lore from the Pacific ' SILVER. BURDETT AND COMPANY NEW YORK BOSTON CHICAGO BELCHEK Copyright, 1905, BY Silver, Burdett and Compai»y To my friend GENEVRA SISSON SNEDDEN whose interest in this little book has encouraged its completion PREFACE. DECAUSE children invariably ask for "more" of the stories they find interesting, this little book of continuous narrative has been written. Every incident is found in the Lewis and Clark Journals, so that the child's frequent question, " Is it true?" can be answered in the affirmative. The vocabulary consists of fewer than 700 words. Over half of these are found in popular primers. There- fore, the child should have no difficulty in reading this historical story after completing a first reader. The illustrations on pages 13, 15, 29, 64, and the last one on page 79, are redrawn from Catlin's " Letters and Notes on the Manners, Customs, and Conditions of the North-American Indians." My acknowledgments are due Miss Lilian Bridgman, of San Francisco, for help in arranging the vocabulary. Katherine Chandlek. San Francisco, California. July I, 1905. CONTENTS PACK The Bird- Woman 9 Who the White Men Were . 10 Who the White Men Were— Continued 12 Why Sacajawea Went West . 14 At Fort Mandan 16 At Fort Mandan — Continued . 18 The Black Man 20 Sacajawea's Baby 22 Sacajawea's Baby — Continued . 24 Making Friends with the In- dians 25 Making Friends with the In- dians — Continued 27 Sacajawea Saves the Captains' Goods 30 Sacajawea's River 31 The First Sight of the Rocky Mountains 33 Sacajawea is III 35 How the Indians Hunted Buf- falo 36 The Falls of the Missouri . 38 The Cache Near the Falls OF the Missouri 40 How Sacajawea Cured Rat- tlesnake Bites 41 Going Around the Falls . . 43 Grizzly Bears 45 Grizzly Bears — Continued . . 47 Grizzly Bears — Continued . . 49 At the Top of the Falls . . 51 The Cloud-Burst 52 At the Source of the Mis- souri 54 Sacajawea Finds Roots and Seeds 57 PAGE Sacajawea's People .... 60 Sacajawea's Brother .... 62 Sacajawea's Brother — Continued 64 Sacajawea's People Will Show the Way 66 The Indians Try to Leave the Whites 68 The Indians Try to Leave the Whites — Continued .... 70 Crossing the Rocky Moun- tains 72 At the Columbia River. . . 74 How the Indians Dried Salmon 76 The Wappatoo 78 To the Pacific Ocean ... 80 The Pacific Ocean 81 Sacajawea on the Ocean Beach 83 The Whale 86 Sacajawea's Belt 88 At Fort Clatsop 90 At Fort Clatsop — Continued . 92 The Start Home 94 At Camp Chopunnish .... 96 At Camp Chopunnish — Continued 98 Over the Rocky Mountains Going Home 100 East of the Rocky Mountains' Again , 102 East of the Rocky Mountains Kgai^— Continued 104 Sacajawea Says Good-Bye to the Soldiers 106 The Centennial 107 THE STATUE OF SACAJAWEA, THE BIRD-WOMAN, UNVEILED AT THE LEWIS AND CLARK CENTENNIAL, IN PORTLAND, OREGON, IN 1905 OF THE "^ "' VERSITY OF THE BIRD -WOMAN OF THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION. a go hun .dred Sa ca ja we a years THE BIRD-WOMAN- The Bird-Woman was an Indian. She showed the white men the way into the West. There were no roads to the West then. That was one hundred years ago. This Indian woman took the white men across streams. She took them over hills. She took them through bushes. JO The Bird- Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition She seemed to find her way as a bird does. The white men said, *'She goes Hke a bird. ''We will call her the Bird- Woman/' Her Indian name was Sacajawea. Clark A mer i can Lew Is met cap tains part sol diers twen ty nine Mis sou ri Riv er peo pie WHO THE WHITE MEN WERE^ The white men Sacajawea went with were soldiers. There were twenty-nine soldiers. There were two captains. The name of one captain was Lewis. The name of the other captain was Clark. They were American soldiers. The Bird-Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition t \ CAPTAIN CLARK. CAPTAIN LEWIS. They carried the American flag into the West. No white men knew about that part of the West then. The captains wished to learn all about the West. They wished to tell the people in the East about it. They had been going West a long time before they met Sacajawea. They had rowed up the Missouri River. They had come to many little streams. J 2 The Bird- Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition They did not know what the Indians called these streams. So they gave them new names for the white men. camp Fourth of Ju ly Man dan cheered French man rest ed ice In de pend ence creek hus band Kan sas snow WHO THE WHITE MEN WERE— Continued, On Fourth of July they named one stream Fourth of July Creek. They named another Independence Creek. We still call this stream by that name. You can find it on the map of Kansas. On Fourth of July the men rested. The soldier who woke first fired a gun. Then they all woke up and cheered for the Fourth of July. The Bird- Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition 13 At night they fired another gun. Then the soldiers danced around the camp fire. After a time the ice and snow would not let them go on. They made a winter camp near the Mandan In- dians. Here they met Sacaja- wea and her husband. Her husband was a Frenchman who knew a little about the West. Sacajawea was the only one there who had been to the far West. Lewis and Clark told the Frenchman they would pay him to go with them. He said he would go. Then he and Sacajawea came to live at the soldiers' camp. A MANDAN CHIEF J 4 The Bird-Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition be longed roots tribe mar ried Snake twelve Rock y Moun tains thought war WHY SACAJAWEA WENT WEST. ..^ Sacajawea belonged in the West. Her tribe was called the Snake Indians. They lived in the Rocky Moun- tains. Sacajawea lived in the Moun- tains until she was twelve years old. Then her tribe went to war with the Mandans from the East. MANDAN DRAWING ON A The Bird-Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition i5 One day Sacajawea and some other girls were getting roots. They were down by ^ a stream. Some M andans came upon them. The girls ran fast to get away. buffalo robe Sacajawea ran into the stream. An Indian caught her. He took her up on his horse. He carried her away to the East, to the country of the Mandans. There she married the Frenchman. There the Americans found her. She was glad when her husband said he would go West with Lewis and Clark. She thought she would see her own tribe again. t6 The Bird- Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition an i mals coun try- friends med i cine read y chiefs froz en plants wrote fort sweat house AT FORT MANDAN- The soldiers called their winter camp Fort Mandan. They had a hard winter there. It was so cold that many men were ill. They had no time to be ill They had to work to be ready to go West when Spring opened. The captains wrote in their books about the Indians and animals and plants they had seen. They made maps of the country they had come through. The Bird-Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition 1 7 They had long talks with the Indian chiefs. They made friends with the Indians by orivincT them medicine. An Indian boy had his feet frozen near the soldiers' camp. The captains kept him until his feet were well again. ____ __ His people all came and _^;*^4AM.\K)X^ thanked the captai ns. ^' ""'^^^^ "^ "^^ ^ AN INDIAN SWEAT- The Indians told each "^^^"^ other about the white men's medi- cine. They said, ''The white men's medicine is better than our sweat-house." So they came for miles to the white camp to get the medicine. They gave the captains food. They wanted to be friends with them. iS The Bird-Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition ar rows din ner hunt ed mon ey beads fiddle knives pie ces blan kets gal Ions med als stove AT FORT MAKDAN-Continued. The soldiers hunted animals for food and for their skins. One soldier cut an old stove into -pieces. The Indians wanted these pieces to make arrows and knives. They would give eight gallons of corn for one piece. The Indians did not know what money was. The captains did not carry money with them. They took flags and medals, knives and blankets, looking-glasses and beads, and many other things. The Bird- Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition t9 With these they could get food from the Indians. On Christmas Day, 1804, the soldiers put the American flag up over the fort. They told the Indians not to come to see them on that day. They said it was the best day of their year. It was a cold day, with much ice and snow. They had a good din- ner and after dinner danced. On New Year's Day, 1805, they fired off all their guns. The captains let the soldiers go to the Mandan camp. lers 20 The Bird- Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition They took their fiddle and danced for the Indians. One soldier danced on his hands with his head down. The Indians liked this dancing very much. They gave the soldiers some corn and some skins. sur prised hair paint ed stran ger fin ger wa ter helped York THE BLACK MAN- Captain Clark had his black man, York, with him. The Indians were always surprised to see the black man. The Bird-"Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition 2t They thought he was stranger than the white men. One Mandan chief said, ''This is a white man painted black." He wet his finger and tried to wash the black off York's skin. The black would not come off. Then York took off his hat. The chief had not seen such hair before. Then the chief said, ''You are not like a white man. "You are a black man." The Indians told each other of this black man. They came from far to see him. York helped make them friends with the whites. The captains named a river for York. The river had only a little water in it. They named it York's Dry River. 22 The Bird-'Woman of the Lewis and Clarfc Expedition bas ket laugh weeks born su gar SACAJAWEA'S BABY. At Fort Mandan, Sacajawea s baby boy was born. He was only eight weeks old when the white men began to go to the far West. Sacajawea made a basket of skins for her baby. She put it on her back. The baby could sleep in the basket as Sacajawea walked. The soldiers liked the baby. They gave it sugar. They made it playthings of wood. They danced to make it laugh. Indian babies do not laugh much and they do not cry much. The Bird- Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition 23 Once in the West the baby was ill. Then the soldiers camped for some days. They were very still. Captain Lewis gave the baby medicine. This made the baby well again. Then the men laughed. They said, *'Let us sing and dance for the baby.'* The baby laughed as it looked at the men. 24 The Bifd-'Woman of the- Lewis and Clark Expedition April broke par ty shoot shot warm SACAJAWEA'S BABY— Continued. The warm April sun broke up the ice in the Missouri River. Then the party got Into their boats and rowed on up the river. From this time on, Sacajawea and her baby were a help to the soldiers. When the Indians saw a woman and a baby with the men, they knew it was not a war party. Indians would not take a woman and baby to war. Only men go to war. The Bird-Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition 25 The Indians did not shoot at the men. They came up to see what they wanted. If Sacajawea had not been there, they would have shot the white men. The Indians thought that all strangers wanted war. They thought this until the strangers showed that they were friends. bare foot ed gov ered prick ly threw cor ners pears same moc ca sins true MAKING FRIENDS WITH THE INDIANS* Sacajawea showed the captains how to make friends with the Indians. The Indians on the upper Missouri River and in the Rocky Mountains showed that they wanted to be friends in the same way. 26 The Bird- Woman of the Lewis and Qark Expedition When they saw strangers, they stood still and talked to each other. If they wished to befriends, the chief walked out ahead of his people. He took off his blanket. He took hold of it by two corners. He threw it up high. Then he put it on the ground. This showed that he was putting down a skin for a friend to sit on. He did this three times. Then the strangers came up to him. They sat down together. , They took off their moccasins. The Bird-Woman of the Lewis and Qark Expedition 27 This showed that they wished to be true friends. If they were not true friends, they would go barefooted all their days. They thought it hard to go barefooted. The ground was covered with prickly pears. The prickly pears would hurt their feet. great pres ents smoked pipes send Wash ing ton MAKING FRIENDS WITH THE INDIANS-Continued. When the strangers had their moccasins off, they smoked some pipes together. Then they gave each other presents. Then they told each other why they had come together. 28 The Bird -Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition Captain Lewis and Captain Clark always told the Indians: *'We have come from the Great Father in Washington. '' He sends you these presents. ''He wants you to be friends with the white men. ''He wants you to be friends with the other Indians. "When you all are friends, the men can get many animals and the women can get many roots. The Bifd-Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition 29 ''The Great Father will send you out the white men's goods when you are all friends/' The Indians always said to Lewis and Clark : ''We are glad to hear from the Great Father in Washington. "We like his presents. "We shall be glad to get the white men's goods. "We will be friends with all men, with Indians and with white men." 30 The Bird-Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition a frald com pass straight ened turned rud der canoe hit SACAJAWEA SAVES THE CAPTAINS' GOODS* Going up the Missouri, the compass, the books, and the maps were in one canoe. The captains had the compass to find the West. One day a big wind hit this canoe and turned it nearly over. Sacajawea's husband was at the rudder. He was afraid and let go. The water came into the canoe. The maps and books came up to the top of the water. The Bird-Woman of the Lewis and Qark Expedition 31 Sacajawea saw them going out into the river. She took the compass into her lap. She caught the books. She called to her husband. He took the rudder again. He straightened the boat again. Then Sacajawea caught the maps that were on top of the river. Crook ed hand some Mon ta na saved wide yards SACAJAWEA'S RIVER. As the maps and books were wet, the soldiers had to camp two days. They put the maps and the bocks and the compass in the sun. When these were dry, they went on again, 32 The Bird-Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition Ten days after, they came to a river that no white man had seen before. Captain Lewis wrote in his book, ''It is a handsome river about 50 yards wide." They did not know the Indian name for it. The captains were so glad Sacajawea had saved their things that they named it for her. \They said, ''We will call it the Sacajawea or Bird-Woman's River.' This river is still running. Look on a map of Montana. Do you see a stream named "Crooked Creek?" That is the stream Lewis and Clark named Sacajawea's River. Which do you think is the prettier name? Which do you think we should call it? The Bird- Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition 33 blew elk pleas ure cross plains steep buf fa lo mos qui tees sight - THE FIRST SIGHT OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS. Going up the Missouri, the party had to drink the river water. It was not good and it made them ill. The sand blew in their eyes. The mosquitoes bit them all the time. But still the soldiers were happy. They carried their goods in boats. They walked when they wished to. They hunted buffalo and elk on the plains near the river. They had all they wanted to eat. One day in May, Captain Lewis was out hunting. He went up a little hill 34: The Bird-Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition Then far off to the West he saw the Rocky Mountains high and steep. Captain Lewis was the first white man to see these mountains. He wrote in his book that he felt a great pleasure on first seeing them. He knew they would be very hard to cross. They were all white with snow. But he was ready to go on so as to get to the West. He went back to the boats and told the others about the mountains. The men were happy and worked harder to get near them. The Bird-Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition 35 grew fell hot sul phur worse SACAJAWEA IS ILL. Going up the Missouri, Sacajawea fell ill. She could not eat. She grew worse each day. Captain Clark gave her some medi- cine. It did not make her well. The soldiers had to camp until she could go on. They could not go on without her. They wanted her with them to make friends with her tribe. One day the soldiers found a hot sulphur spring. They carried Sacajawea to this spring. The water made her well. In a week she could go on. 36 The Bird- Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition bank killed hole to ward HOW THE INDIANS HUNTED BUFFALO. On the plains of the Missouri there were many buffaloes. Sacajawea told the soldiers how the In- dians hunted them.. An Indian put on a buffalo skin. The buffalo's head was over his head. He walked out to where the buffaloes were eating. He stood between them and a high bank of the river. The other Indians went behind the buf- faloes. The Bird-Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition 37 The buffaloes ran toward the man in the buffalo skin. He ran fast toward the riven Then the buffaloes ran fast toward the river. At the high bank the man ran down and hid in a hole. The buffaloes came so fast that they could not stop at the bank. They fell over the bank on to the rocks near the river. Many were killed. Then the Indians bank. They skinned the buffaloes. They dried the meat. They dried the skins to make blankets and houses. came around the 38 The Bird- Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition June won der ful draw pic ture spray write cache THE FALLS OF THE MISSOURL One June day Captain Lewis was walk- ing ahead of the boats. He heard a great noise up the River. He pushed on fast. After walking seven miles, he came to the great Falls of the Missouri. He was the first white man to see these Falls. He sat down on a rock and watched the water dash and spray. He tried to draw a picture of the Falls. He tried to write about it in his book. But he said it was so wonderful that he could not draw it well nor picture it in words. When the men came up, they could not take their boats near the Falls. The Bird- Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition 39 The Falls are very, very high. The highest fall is eighty-seven feet high, and the water comes down with a great rush. So the soldiers had to go around the Falls. That was a long, long way. It would be hard to carry all their things around the Falls. The captains said, ''We will make a cache here. ''We will put in the skins and plants and maps. ''We can get them all again when we are coming home.'' The soldiers made two caches. In these they hid all the things they could do without. Without so much to carry, it would not be so hard to go around the Falls. 40 The Bird- Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition dried dug ring sod bot torn branch es earth sides THE CACHE NEAR THE FALLS OF THE MISSOURL To make a cache, the soldiers made a ring on the ground. They took up the sod inside the ring. They dug straight down for a foot. They put dried branches on the bottom and at the sides of this hole. They put dried skins over the branches. Then they put their goods into the hole, or cache. They put dried skins over the goods. Then they put the earth in. Then they put the sod on. The ring did not look as if it had been dug up. The Indians would not think to look there for goods. The Bird- Woman of the Lewis and Qark Expedition 4t bite fresh rat tie snakes cure morn ing sev en teen beat HOW SACAJAWEA CURED RATTLESNAKE BITES. Near the Falls of the Missouri, the party met many rattlesnakes. The snakes liked to lie in the sun dn the river banks. Some times they went up trees and lay on the branches. One night Captain Lewis was sleeping under a tree. In the morning he looked up through the tree. He saw a big rattlesnake on a branch. It was going to spring at him. 42 The Birct-Woman of the Lewis an«- c("-ll™ ^ "^ M«f04'9t 1 ^9 9 1 FORM NO DD 6 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY BERKELEY, CA 94720 ®i J6> U.C. 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