* 
 
 tl/tifi
 
 ■'V 
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 ADVENTURES 
 
 S^c, t^c.
 
 rr [_D n- fsQ ^i^ Qr^ GxS ^^ 
 
 THE ADVENTURES OF THE 
 
 GOOROO PARAMARTAN: 
 
 A TALE IN THE TAMUL LANGUAGE: ACCOMPANIED 
 
 BY A TRANSLATION AND VOCABULARY, 
 
 TOGETHER WITH AN ANALYSIS OF 
 
 THE FIRST STORY. 
 
 BY BENJAMIN BABINGTON, 
 
 OF THE MADRAS CIVIL SERVICE. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 J. M. RICHARDSON, 23, CORNHILL. 
 MDCCCXXII.
 
 # 
 
 PRINTED BY J. MADDON, FINSBURY.
 
 -iisi. f 
 J9Xz 
 
 TO THE 
 
 HONOURABLE THE COURT OF DIRECTORS 
 
 FOR 
 
 MANAGING THE AFFAIRS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNITED EAST INDIA COMPANY, 
 
 Ci&isi translation. 
 
 IS 
 
 RESPECTFULLY AND GRATEFULLY 
 
 DEDICATED, 
 
 By their most obedient 
 
 and most humble Servant, 
 
 B. G. BABINGTON. 
 
 LISRARf
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The Tamul language is spoken by a population of moie than 
 five millions; being current in the Southern portion of the 
 Peninsula of India, throughout the Jaghire, the districts of 
 South Arcot, Salem, Coimbatoor, Combaconum, Tanjour, Tri- 
 chinopoly, Madura, Dindigul, and Tinnivelly, as well as in 
 many parts of the extensive kingdom of Mysore. 
 
 It is not derived from any language at present in existence, 
 and is either itself the parent of the Teloogoo, Malayalam and 
 Canarese languages, or, vi^hat is more probable, has its origin in 
 common with these in some ancient tongue which is now lost, 
 or only partially preserved in its offspring. 
 
 In its more primitive words, such as the names of natural 
 objects, the verbs expressive of physical action or jDassion, the 
 numerals, &c. it is quite unconnected with the Sanskrit, and 
 what it thence so largely borrowed, when the Tamuls, by 
 intercourse with the more enlightened people of the North, 
 began to emerge from barbarity, has reference to the expression 
 of moral sentiments and abstract metaphysical notions, and is 
 chiefly to be found in the colloquial idiom. In this remarkable cir- 
 cumstance, and also in the construction of its alphabet, the Tamul 
 differs much from the other languages of the South, which are 
 found to admit the Sanskrit more largely in literary and poetical
 
 n 
 
 compositions than in the ordinary dialect of conversation, and 
 which adopt the arrang-ement of the Sanskrit alphabet with 
 scarcely any variation. The higher dialect of the Tamul, on the 
 contrary, is almost entirely free from Sanskrit words and idioms, 
 and the lang-aage retains an alphabet which tradition affirms 
 to have heretofore consisted of but sixteen letters, and which, 
 so far from resembling- the very perfect alphabet of the Sanskrit, 
 wants nearly half its characters, and has several letters of 
 peculiar powers. 
 
 Since, therefore, as might have been expected from its 
 geographical situation, the Tamul language has stronger traces 
 of originality than any of the cognate dialects of Southern India, 
 it is, with propriety, taken first in the order of study, and he 
 who adds a knowledge of this Southern tongue to the more 
 polished language of the North,* has more than half accom- 
 plished the acquisition of all the Hindoo languages of India. 
 
 It is unnecessary to enlarge upon the utility of the Oriental 
 languages to those who are destined to the conduct of public 
 affairs in India ; since the advantage of an immediate intercourse 
 between the mass of the people and those who are intrusted 
 with their government, is now not only generally acknowledged, 
 but also earnestly sought, in the measures which have been 
 adopted, both at home and abroad, for the education of the 
 Honourable Company's Servants. 
 
 It is the object of the following pages, to furnish materials 
 for commencing, in this country, the study of the Tamul lan- 
 guage, and for this purpose a Tamul Tale has been selected, 
 of which a Translation, Vocabulary and Analysis have been 
 furnished. 
 
 * The Sanskrit is thus designated in the Tamul countries.
 
 Ill 
 
 The Story of the Gooroo Paramartaii, is one of the lighter 
 productions of that profound scholar and rare genius, fathei" 
 Beschi ;* and, if it had any higher aim than the mere amuse- 
 ment which its author might derive from thus satirizing the 
 
 * The few following particulars, of one whose fame is so well estabished in the 
 South of India, may not be unacceptable to those whose views are directed to that 
 country. They are taken from a Tamul MS. in my possession. 
 
 VTramamooni or the great Champion Devotee, as Beschi is surnamed by the 
 Tamuls, was a native of Italy, and one of the religious order of Jesuits. Having 
 been appointed by the Pope to the East India Mission, he arrived, in 1700, at 
 the city of Goa, on the Western coast. He thence proceeded to Avoor, in the 
 district of Trichinopoly, where he studied the Tamul language in both its dialects, 
 as well as the Sanskrit and Teloogoo ; and with a view to public employment, 
 which it was ever the Jesuit policy to seek in order to promote their religious 
 views, he made himself master of the Hindostannee and Persian. It is probable 
 that he held political offices in the earlier part of his life, for we can hardly 
 suppose him to have risen at once to the appointment of Divan, which he held 
 under the celebrated Chunda Saheb, during his rule as Nabob of Trichinopoly, 
 especially as Chunda Saheb did not assume the government of that place until 
 the death of the Rajah, which happened in the year 1736, 
 
 From the moment of his arrival in India, he, in conformity with Hindoo 
 custom, abandoned the use of animal food, and employed Brahmans to prepare, 
 his meals. He adopted the habit of a religious devotee, and on his visitations 
 to his flock assumed all the pomp and pageantry with which Hindoo Gooroos 
 usually travel. He founded a church at Konangooppam Ariyanoor, in the district 
 of Baroor, and my MS. notices particularly a picture of the Madonna and the 
 child Jesus, which he caused to be painted at Manilla and set up in that church. 
 It was in honour of this Madonna, of her husband Joseph and the Lord Jesus, 
 that he composed the Sacred Poem called Tembavani: which, vying in length 
 with the Iliad itself, is by far the most celebrated and most voluminous of his 
 works. It contains 3615 tetrasticks, each of which is furnished with a prose 
 interpretation; and, to judge from the only Padalam or Canto which I have had 
 an opportunity of reading, where the murder of the innocents is described, its 
 merits are not over-rated, M'ramamooni also founded a church at Tirookavaloor,
 
 IV 
 
 Indian Priesthood, it was probably intended as a pleasant vehicle 
 of instruction to those Jesuits whose labours required a knowledge 
 of the Tamul language. Its grammatical accuracy, the variety 
 of idiomatical expressions and constructions which it contains, 
 
 a name which he gave to the town of Vadoogapet, in the district of Ariyaloor, and 
 on the Madonna there he composed three Poems : Tirookavaloor Kalambagam, 
 Anneiyajoongal Andadi, and Adeikala Malei. — The following are the most im- 
 portant of the remaining works of this author; which, with exceptions that will 
 be noticed, are extant only in MS. 
 
 Kiteri Ammal Ammanei, a poem. Vediyarojookkam, a work in prose; where, 
 as the name implies, the duties of one who has devoted his life to religion are laid 
 down. Veda Vilakkam, also in prose; which, from the title (the light of the 
 gospel), I presume to contain some doctrinal exposition of the Roman Catholic 
 Faith. A Dictionary, Tamul and French; another Tamul and Portuguese; a 
 third Tamul and Latin (see Note to page 67). Sadoor Agharadi, or the Four 
 Dictionaries ; a Tamul work relating to the higher dialect. Of philological works 
 he has furnished Tonnool Vilakkam ; a Tamul Grammar of the higher dialect, 
 written in Latin. Of this I made a Translation in 1814; which, having 
 become the property of the Madras Government, is now, as I learn, under course 
 of publication at their College Press. The Clavis Humaniorum Tamulici 
 Idiomatis ; a second Grammatical Treatise in Latin, relating to the higher dialect. 
 A Latin Grammar of the common dialect; which has been published at the 
 College Press at Madras ; and of which a faulty and vulgar translation has long 
 been before the public. 
 
 Such were the literary labours of Beschi, and he was distinguished as 
 much for his piety and benevolence as for his learning. To the conversion 
 of idolators his principal efforts were of course directed, and they are said 
 to have been uncommonly successful. Perfect master of Hindoo science, opinions 
 and prejudices, he was eminently qualified to expose the fallacies of their 
 doctrine, and the absurdities of their religious practices ; and, accordingly, he is 
 much extolled for the triumphs which he obtained, in those controversial dis- 
 putations which are so frequent among the learned in India, and for the almost 
 miraculous skill which he displayed, in solving various enigmatical questions which 
 his adversaries propounded for his embarrassment. 
 
 It remains a subject of regret, that talents so rare, should have been devoted to
 
 and the apparently studied manner in which a great number of 
 words are brought together in so small a compass, seem to justify 
 this supposition; but, whatever may have been its first design, 
 if these advantages be considered, and we further add that 
 the incidents, though by no means devoid of humour, occasionally 
 somewhat coarse, yet owe no part of their interest to those 
 immoral allusions so frequent in Hindoo compositions, it will, 
 I think, be admitted, that it is not ill suited to the object to 
 which it is here appropriated. 
 
 In the Translation, it has been my endeavour rather to adhere 
 to the literal meaning of words, than to attempt, by indulging in 
 latitude of expression, to give the force and spirit of the original. 
 In languages so widely differing in idiom, as the Tamul and 
 English, it became necessary to adopt decisively one or other of 
 these methods of translation ; and though I am aware, that where 
 the sole aim is to convey the force and style of an Author, this 
 is far from being accomplished by a servile adherence to his 
 diction, yet where instruction is the object, and the interpretation 
 
 the promotion of a religion scarcely less replete with error, than that which it 
 supplanted: but we may draw this practical conclusion from Beschi's success, 
 that a thorough acquaintance with Hindoo learning and a ready compliance, in 
 matters of indifference, with Hindoo customs, are powerful human means, to which 
 the Jesuits owed much of their success, and which should not, as is too much the 
 case, be despised by those who undertake the task of conversion in a better cause. 
 VTramamooni continued to hold the office of Divan, in Trichinopoly, until the 
 year 1740 ; when that city being besieged by the Mahratta array, under Morary 
 Rao, and Chunda Saheb being taken prisoner, he contrived to effect his escape, 
 and fled to the city of Gayal Patanam, then belonging to the Dutch. He there 
 remained, in the service of the church, until 1742, when he was carried off by an 
 illness, the particulars of which are not stated. His name is still remembered in 
 Gayal Patanam, and masses continue to be offered up for the salvation of his 
 soul, in that city and its neighbourhood.
 
 is intended as a substitute for a living- teacher, it appears to me 
 that the student is best assisted, when every passage is rendered 
 as closely as is consistent with clearness and grammatical accuracy. 
 To detail the various cases, in which diversity of idiom and 
 the consequent deficiency of analogous expression have obliged 
 me to have recourse to periphrasis, would be but to point out what 
 will be sufficiently apparent on inspection. I may mention, 
 however, that I have found it difficult, and sometimes im- 
 practicable, to represent in English the honorific forms which so 
 conveniently and elegantly serve in Tamul to distinguish the 
 relative rank of persons. Those who are conversant with Italian, 
 will call to mind, that there are several gradations of respect 
 which one individual may indicate, by his mode of addressing 
 another. He may commence his dialogue with tu^ or voi^ or ella, 
 or vossignoriUf and yet it would be difficult in our language to 
 find an exact equivalent for the value of these expressions. In 
 Tamul these honorific distinctions are marked, as well in 
 substantives, and even in verbs, as in pronouns,* and they are 
 preserved not only in addressing another, but also in speaking 
 of a third person. 
 
 The Vocabulary is intended to contain all the words which 
 occur in the original Tale, and to give such meanings to each 
 as are in use in the common dialect of the language. The 
 motive for thus enlarging it was to supply the want of a 
 dictionary, which in this country is not procurable, and thus to 
 put the student in possession of the greatest quantity of infor- 
 mation which could be derived from the perusal of a single book. 
 The most complicated rules of the Tamul accidence, and those 
 which admit of the greatest number of exceptions, relate to the 
 
 See an instance in Page 122 and the Note upon it.
 
 vu 
 
 formation of the past and future tenses of verbs ; and, as is usually 
 the case with g-ranuiiatical anomalies, they, for the most part, 
 occur in words of frequent use, and such as will be found in the 
 Tale before us. I have, therefore, with a view to familiarize the 
 student's eye to these, inserted after each verb the terminations, 
 in the first person singular, of the past and future tenses. The 
 parts of speech are likewise stated throug-hout; and, with the 
 kind and liberal assistance of Mr. Charles Wilkins, I have been 
 enabled to refer the derivations from the Sanskrit, to their 
 originals in the Devanagari character. The printed Dictionary 
 in use in India, does not give any of these particulars, and, to 
 that extent, I may venture to hope, that the Vocabulary here 
 offered is better adapted to the use of a beginner. 
 
 Tamul Syntax, more especially that of the low dialect,* has 
 not hitherto been considered in detail by grammatical writers; 
 nor do the native teachers, many of whom are acquainted with 
 English, offer any very satisfactory explanations on this subject 
 to their English scholars. The idiom is highly elliptical, and 
 there is therefore room for discussion with regard to the supply 
 of what is understood; some striking peculiarities exist in the 
 powers of verbal derivatives, and numerous are the constructions 
 which bear no analogy to what we find in other languages. 
 
 An Analysis of the first Story has been attempted, Imt, for the 
 reasons just stated, it can hardly be expected that in all cases 
 the explanations offered will prove quite satisfactory and free 
 
 * In Mr. Ellis's translation of Tiroovalloovan Cooral, a collection of Moral 
 Apophthegms, written in poetry, an analysis is given of the construction of each 
 distich, by which the syntax of the higher dialect may be advantageously studied. 
 The learned author did not live to complete this translation; but as 777 pages 
 are already printed, it is to be hoped that this curious work will be carried on to 
 its conclusion, by some one of the many Oriental Scholars now at Madras. 
 
 b
 
 VIll 
 
 from objection. The method I have followed, has been to g-ive a 
 literal translation of each sentence, numbering- the English words 
 according' to the Tamiil order. I have then proceeded to parse 
 the Tamul words in their natural arrangement, numbered con- 
 secutively to refer them to the English. This parsing embraces 
 an explanation of the inflections which each word has undergone, 
 the relation which it bears to the sentence in which it is placed, 
 and the changes which, for the sake of euphony, take place in 
 its initial and final letters. 
 
 This last branch of Tamul Grammar, is one to which I would 
 particularly direct the attention of the Scholar; first, because, as 
 the language is written without any division between the words, 
 unless it be well understood, it is absolutely impossible to read 
 with even tolerable fluency ; secondly, because much stress is 
 laid on it, as a point of education, among the more literary of 
 the Natives; and, thirdly, because it will be found in some measure 
 to illustrate the permutations which, in a minor degree, were 
 in use among the Ancient Greeks. I may add another, and 
 perhaps the most important reason for attaining a thorough know- 
 ledge of the changes of letters ; namely, that they are not to be 
 considered, in all cases, as merely conducing to harmony of sound, 
 though this must have been their original, as it is their usual 
 object: in many instances they serve the more essential purpose 
 of marking a diflerence of sense in words, which, from their 
 similarity, might otherwise be confounded.* 
 
 • Thus, the letters ^, g^, ^, | i, occurring at the commencement of a 
 
 word, are respectively doubled after an infinitive mood possessing its usual powers ; 
 but if that infinitive be used in the sense of an imperative, those letters remain 
 without augmentation. So likewise when those letters at the commencement 
 of a word follow a noun in the nominative case, they remain single ; but they are 
 doubled if that noun be nominative in form , but genitive in signification. Lastly
 
 IX 
 
 Both in the Vocabulary and Analysis, constant reference is 
 made to the Tamul Grammar, recently published by Mr. 
 Anderson; a work which, by judiciously uniting all the infor- 
 mation scattered through several grammatical treatises, has 
 supplied a long-felt deficiency in the elementary part of the 
 language. 1 have also made use of the printed Tamul Dic- 
 tionary, and of two MS. Dictionaries in my possession, the one 
 Tamul and French, and the other French and Tamul. To the 
 latter works I am more especially indebted, for much of the 
 matter contained in the Notes. 
 
 It remains for me to notice one or two particulars, with which 
 it is lit my readers should be acquainted. 
 
 In Tamul, as in Sanskrit, all the vowels aie represented in 
 writing, except the first, which is considered to be inherent^ as 
 essential to the proper articulation of every consonant to which 
 other vowels are not affixed. Still there is an ambiguity, 
 because a consonant may be dead, as the Tamuls significantly 
 express it, that is, without any following vowel. 
 
 The Natives themselves do not distinguish in writing these two 
 cases, trusting to the context for a solution of all difficulty ; and 
 we need not doubt that this is sufficient to guide them, when we 
 recollect, that throughout the Mahomedan languages, not one only, 
 
 to give an example from our own Tale, we find this clause in the Second Story, 
 "5r(S5Tra\_irBg-GLjrra^c3V)rrLjG^c5br(5ar :" where we observe 
 
 that the initial i (, of the word Q\_j rr a\!) OV) n" lj L_|5 remains single, and 
 
 we hence conclude that the preceding word is the past participle oyj rg ^, from the 
 
 verb (5\_j (r^ 05^ ^ ^. If, on the contrary, the initial i ! had been doubled, 
 
 we should have known the preceding word to be the pronoun 24 rg g", and that 
 the letter (j^j was introduced before it, with the force of the Greek digamma, that 
 the hiatus occurring between the final vowel of the word 6r Q ^ i~^, and the 
 initial vowel of the word «^ rj ^, might be avoided.
 
 but all the short vowels are omitted, and it is only in elaborate 
 works that the diacritical points are inserted to supply their place. 
 Europeans, however, have felt the necessity for marking- the 
 difference between the dead and the animated consonant ; and it 
 has therefore been a practice among- them to place a dot over 
 quiescent consonants, where ambiguity was likely to arise, and to 
 mark with a dasli above, a consonant with the inherent vowel. 
 This method is never more than partially pursued, and the 
 double distinction is evidently unnecessary. Conceiving that, 
 to a beginner, all cases must be equally ambiguous, I have, 
 in the following Tale, marked the quiescent consonants through- 
 out, in the manner just mentioned. One exception alone occurs, 
 in the letter (naj rr,, which is never marked as quiescent, and the 
 reason is, that the fount of letter which I purchased did not con- 
 tain the requisite character. It would have been easy to have 
 had a new matrix cut, but of this circumstance I was not aware 
 until a considerable portion of the work was printed ; and then, 
 for the sake of consistency, it appeared better to make no 
 alteration. The Student will not find this deviation perplexing, 
 for the letter r^ is quiescent, only when in company with another 
 rg (A. G. Sect. 22), or with its homogeneous valliiium (ta) '^. 
 
 The larger type used for the heading of Chapters, does not 
 contain any dotted letters.. 
 
 The English orthography which I have employed in repre- 
 senting Tamul words, is the same as that used by Mr. Anderson, 
 excepting only that the double o is made to correspond with his 
 Italian u. My motive for preserving this difference was, that I 
 might retain the w, both short and long, for the purpose of re- 
 presenting the sound which the vowels @ and /^ have, when 
 followed by certain consonants of the cerebral class. 
 
 What is here offered to the public, is intended as a proof,
 
 XI 
 
 trifling indeed, but probably the last which it will be in my 
 power to offer, of the desire that I feel to render myself useful to 
 a service, for which I entertain the most unfeigned regard, 
 and which nothing but extreme ill health should have induced 
 me to quit. The performance, small as it is, will I fear be 
 found to fall far short of perfection in its execution. In those 
 Oriental languages which have long attracted the attention of 
 European philologists, the assistance derived from books of 
 reference is full and satisfactory; in the Tamul language this is 
 far from being the case, and as the pi-esent small work was begun 
 and has been completed in England, no opportunity has been 
 afforded of consulting living authorities. 
 
 I am however fully sensible that I could have no right to put 
 forth any book, especially one of instruction, which I did not 
 believe to be at least tolerably free from error; and the experience 
 of several years' practice in the Tamul language, latterly much 
 increased, by my duties as Assistant Translator to Government, 
 has afforded me some ground for the expectation, that such 
 faults as may exist will not be found either very numerous or 
 important. 
 
 With greater confidence do I ask indulgence for the typo- 
 graphical errors. Mr. Anderson's Grammar and the present 
 composition, may be considered as containing the first attempts 
 which have been made to print Tamul in this country, and the 
 compositor was of necessity wholly unacquainted with the 
 language. When it is averred that no pains have been spared 
 to render the text accurate, perhaps the best apology is offered 
 foi- those faults whicli may remain, and I may say, in the words 
 of the great Person, " Quod si in hac re et similibus aliquoties 
 aut meo ant typothetarum errore peccatum est, ignoscet aequus
 
 Xll 
 
 lector, seciim reputans, quam facile et mentis et oculoruni acies 
 hujusmodi minutiis examinandis hebetetur." 
 
 In conlasion, I beg to offer my warmest acknowledgments to 
 my friend Mr. Anderson. Bnt for the hope of that Gentleman's 
 kind co-operation, the present work wonld probably never have 
 been undertaken; and had not that ho[3e been amply fulfilled by 
 the material assistance which he has throuq-hout afforded, it 
 would certainly never have been finished.
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Pasie 58 Line 
 
 59 
 
 80 
 
 135 
 
 138 
 
 139 7, 8 
 
 150 
 
 & 
 
 151 
 153 
 156 
 185 
 118 
 143 
 
 read belly 
 
 divine conjurer 
 
 supper 
 
 2J rP (5\_i rr ovT 
 
 9= LD 1^ T LD 
 
 9= rr ^ S/CTH" 
 
 ^ d[P W 
 
 '^ rr L_i ^ UD 
 
 f rj? <5^J0T '.^r: n~ ^ 
 
 18 wserf a^ O" L^' n" O" lD? *'"^- a tumult, a quarrel 
 23 i/iserf i^ 2/^JVT, swft. a bough 
 
 4 /or meadows 
 15 — conjurer 
 
 7 — repast 
 14 _ ^LL? 
 
 20 — ^■i_0.c5:LS55-^A9S^ 
 
 3 — ^LD LJ'CrLO 
 22 — g: rr ^^ ^fSTW 
 
 8 — ^ /V2/ ^ 
 
 9 — (L^ 6rfcr g- rr ^ 
 
 In Page 103, the sentence commencing " This is a kind," is not correctly rendered. 
 It should stand thus : '"This is a kind of PBojei peculiar to the deity of our casle : 
 you will hereafter understand it well.' She added, as she was entering the house, in a 
 low tone, as if talking to herself, ' It will be completed on your head.'"
 
 ^j-, AQ 6^ /V;) /35 /^ I r^&, 
 
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 /v? e= ^ 2-e rr ^ ^ 2/ovr cji^ ^rrrr'^ e>^^,:^LD^^ Ovt 
 
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 OSi'^Gf^^ ^'^ ^<5^^ 1 n- rj-, £11 g- /v? ^ oxj obr L_j 02) 6*5" 
 
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 G [_i n- Lu 02) S" ?i^02)A9Lu 5cferL^rr^^7ro"rg^c5t!rG^Li3 
 
 B
 
 2 
 
 G^^u_iS"5r6Ui-=3 c5br AC) 6m- 6TOf /xer a^:^ G 'x ot a^/ L_t 
 
 OS^LU^ ^ '.J ^ ^(3:i^LJ G I— J^^^iQ/'a^nrLu (Stir A^/ aj^c5'2_S 
 
 's=/j^ S" ^q:^ eg ^ r^ rr c5br G 5" ^ i <5ij L^ G <5^ r^ e= er rg rr e^r ld 
 
 G L^' n- G (^V) ^ iVp ^ ^Gi-u^G05r/TUi S" ^^ M^S) f^ ^5 
 ^ Lj /T lLi rg G S" (5br s^rcr G u_j g^ d^ gr g" Go^ (^Gvi^^(gf 
 3 rr 22}; LLS'cri_5'a2)i=^5" SVS'S'LJi-S'cJOTGsrLU^G^Lurg 
 5" n- G C5OT (5br c^ (5br. 2^ gy ^ (g ^ (g: (^ ovj n- (5^ oyj rr G 5" 
 avj g^Q!:^ fin ovi- s" ^ ^ S C5 ^ G LO c5br (5vJr G^lu Go^^*^ 
 
 LL? (5nS' (v:^ dm- La rg^ y^ 2/mD e=G0=LUSy^La'T"r5g-^^'gfGf5=n- 
 a^ro llS c^^ 02O ^e5:rra-rB5"nr/:r^ oVr. 24 nv G ^ G lj n- 
 
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 ^ 2/3VT LU a\J (5^ o^-J 6^ Q,3^rrG\:)(y€^G^n- 6d^ ip c5^-J ^5 U> 
 ovx (j:!^ (7\5 LD 'U5- G u-J (5tyr L_' ovj (5^ G ^ ^ C5tjr (5^ 
 
 ©rgg-rgg^uS'abr© a^/T rj- (^> r^ ^ r5 ^^ ^ LD l_J 4:? l—l 
 
 ov) (^^ 02) A9 G ^u (5t7r L_j rr i cjbr G^^Cf>oav)^G^ 'i-O- 0^5 ^ 
 
 eS^ G /v^ (5^- 6r obr i_J rr -i . c^tjr G cs^-i © cTi^ uu rr i_i rr rf^ 
 
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 G LLJ ^ A^ CKJT cyxS" O" (5m" (p e? O' 22) 5" ^ 2/3Vr ^ gr rrcyny r^ 
 
 ^abrdh-'] rr ov^ LUi G UP n- -LO- ^ G ^ ^ <5^t- (5^ rg (P cyu rr /V:? 
 
 ATp GnS /vp ^ ^ a\-J (0;SI9^L'-^'ONS'22)l-=iLDLi:]©GLDn-(p^ 
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 TRANSLATION. 
 
 H
 
 THE 
 
 ADVENTURES 
 
 OF THE 
 
 GOOROO NOODLE. 
 
 FIRST STORY. 
 
 OF THE PASSAGE OVER THE RIVER. 
 
 There was a Gooroo* whose name was Noodle, who 
 had five disciples serving under his command. Blockhead, 
 Idiot, Simpleton, Dunce and Fool. These, having all 
 six gone on foot through the surrounding villages, to 
 make some enquiries respecting other disciples, were on 
 
 * For an account of the office and powers of the Gooroo, the reader 
 is refen*ed to the Abbe Dubois' work, on the Manners and Customs, &c. 
 of the Hindoos. He will also be enabled to judge of the reverence 
 paid this sacred character by a reference to the Institutes of Menu. 
 Ch. xi. verse £29, 230 and 232. 
 
 H 2
 
 52 
 
 their return to their Mattam,* when one day, they arrived 
 in the third watch ,f- at the bank of a river.J 
 
 Under a notion that this was a cruel stream, which, 
 in consequence, could not be passed while it was awake, 
 the Gooroo gave orders to Dunce, and dispatched him 
 to ascertain whether the river were asleep. Upon this 
 he li<dited with a segar, and carried with him, a fire- 
 brand§ which he had borne in his hand, and without 
 approaching the river, kept aloof and stretching out 
 the brand at arms length, dipped it into the water. 
 
 * The Maftatn is a secluded retreat, in which the Gooroo and his 
 disciples reside when not engaged in visitations to those who are under 
 their spiritual controul. 
 
 •f In their civil day the Tamuls divide the twenty-four hours into 
 sixtv parts, called rg rr y? ^2; ^, each of which consequently con- 
 tains twenty-four minutes. Seven rg rr y? ^2) e^" and a half make 
 one fP rr LO LD or watch, four of which are contained in the day 
 and four in the night. The term e= rr LD LD, however, is more com- 
 monly employed in marking the time of night than that of the day. 
 
 t The seven rivers celebrated in books, and classed together, are, 
 65" nv (22) ^5 the Ganges — '-U ^^ 2/57rr, the Jumna — rg (jbr LD 32) ^, 
 theNerbudda — ^O'QB^'rr^, the Saraswati— ^ rrQoxjrr^, the Cavery 
 — ©LOrT, the Kistnah, and Q ^ rr ^ rr cTX? rf^, the Godaveri. 
 
 § The firebrands used in India are either large stakes of a kind of 
 wood (Ixora parviflora) containing bitumen enough to support a flame, 
 and which are analogous to the teda of the Ancients, or they are, as 
 described by Tavernier, "un linge entortille et trempe dans 1' huile que 
 I'on met dans une maniere de rechaut au bout d'un baton."
 
 53 
 
 Observing that as soon as lie had immersed it, the 
 water smoked -with a hissing noise, away Dunce ran, 
 hurrying, stumbhng and tumbhng, and cried out, " O 
 Master! Master! this is not the time for passing the 
 river. It is awake; and no sooner had 1 touched it, 
 than it ficw into a passion, hissed hke a venomous 
 serpent, and smoking in fierce rage, leaped and rushed 
 at me. It is indeed a wonder that I escaped with the 
 preservation of my life." To this the Gooroo replied, 
 '* What can we do in opposition to the divine will? We 
 will wait a little while." So saying, they sat down in 
 a spreading grove hard by, which formed a dark shade, 
 and as each was relating, in order to pass the time there, 
 different circumstances regarding this river. Blockhead 
 spoke as follows : 
 
 "I have many a time heard my Grandfather tell of 
 the ferocity and artfulness of this stream. ^ly Grand- 
 father was a great merchant. One day, he and a com- 
 panion of his were driving along two asses laden with 
 bags of salt, and Avhen they had descended into the 
 middle of the river, they washed themselves in the cool 
 water, which was running up to their waists, (for, as 
 it was in the hot season,* they were somewhat fatigued) 
 and stopping the asses they bathed them also. 
 
 * According to book authorities the year is divided into six season?, 
 termed 5L| ao/CTlJ (52) U^ [Li L-I C[^ (5\J LC The 1st called UT rr o~, 
 comprehends August and September; it is the rainy season, at least 
 on the Western side of India. 2nd, en_ ^ ■"T, the cold season.
 
 54 
 
 " On arriving afterwards at the opposite bank, they 
 saw, not onl}' that the river had devoured the whole of 
 the salt, bat that the salt had all been miraculously drawn 
 out, while the mouths of the gunny bags, which were 
 ■well sewed, were not in the least opened. They con- 
 gratulated themselves, saying, ha ! ha ! since the river 
 has seized upon this salt, is it not a great blessing that 
 it has left us unswallowed ?" 
 
 Upon this Simpleton began another anecdote. "The 
 stratagems, wiles and thefts of this river have been 
 numerous even in my day. Listen to one. A dog* 
 liolding fast in his mouth a piece of mutton which he 
 
 comprehends October and November. 3rd, ^^ dbv I — ' O^JP, the former 
 
 dews, comprehends December and January. 4th, L_? obr 1 i CJ^j the 
 
 latter dews, February and March, (these two bear some analogy to the 
 first rains and latter rains of the Jews, see Deut. ch. xi. 14). 5th, 
 ©■ Ovnr Q a\j (yuP ^ u^ rr a\s ld, the first hot season, April and May. 
 Gth, O^ ^ O^ (2 0^-J c5^ ao, the hottest season, June and July. The 
 Tamul months commence about the middle of our own, which throws 
 these seasons a fortnight in advance. In ordinary conversation the 
 above distinctions are not observed, but the following are substituted : 
 CJYj rr 22) 1^ U^ rr cro LD comprehends December, January, February 
 and March, or the winter, and Q EF n-a2)L=] ^ ESTTOV) lD comprehends 
 May, June, July, August and part of September, while the rainy 
 season is called LD (22? L_p ^ ^ rr CJV) ld, by which we understand 
 October, November and December. 
 
 * The reader will here recognize a fable with which he is familiar. 
 The author has more than once, as will presently be seen, introduced 
 current stories which seemed to suit his purpose.
 
 OD 
 
 had stolen, was swimming in the middle of the stream, 
 when the river deceitfully exhibited in its water another 
 piece of flesh. As for the dog, he conceived, that, 
 without any deceit, what he saw was the bigger ; so when 
 quitting the piece which he held, he dived to snap at 
 the larger one, both the one and the other disappeared, 
 and the dog went home empty/' 
 
 Whilst they were thus discoursing, they spied a horse- 
 man coming from the other side. As only a single 
 span depth of water was flowing in the river, he remained 
 on horseback, and without being the least afraid, came 
 hastily splashing through. On perceiving this, they cried 
 out, *' Alack! alack! if our Gooroo too had a horse, 
 both he and we with him might descend into the river 
 without fear.'" Then they began to entreat him, saying, 
 ''O Sir, you must by all means buy a horse.'' The 
 Gooroo Noodle however replied, " we will talk of this 
 matter hereafter/" 
 
 So as the day was declining and the evening ap- 
 proached, he sent again to examine whether the river 
 were asleep. Idiot accordingly took the same fire 
 brand, and on immersing it for the purpose of exami- 
 nation, he found that the water did not spirt up in 
 the least, as the fire had been before extinguished; 
 so being greatly delighted, he ran off, crying, " Now is 
 the time ! now is the time ! come along quickly, and 
 do not open your mouths or make any noise; the time 
 of the deep slumber of the river is come; there is no 
 occasion now for fear or alarm." Upon Idiot's shouting
 
 56 
 
 out this good news, they suddenly started up, and without 
 utterino- a single word, all six of them cautiously de- 
 scended into the stream. At each step, which was so 
 planted that even the waves beaten up by their legs 
 made no rippling sound, they raised their feet over 
 the water, advanced them, pressed them down again, 
 and with hearts beating pit-a-pat tripped along and 
 passed the river. 
 
 As soon as they reached and ascended the bank, 
 they were elated in proportion as they had before been 
 sorrowful, and while they were jumping about. Fool 
 who stood behind, counted all the rest without including 
 himself.* As he only saw five persons while he was 
 
 * This story bears so close a resemblance to the 10th of "the Merry 
 Tales of the Wise Men of Gotham," that we cannot but conclude, 
 either that it was borrowed from that Tale, or what is more probable, 
 that both had their origin in some commonly current story. The 
 !Merry Tales to which I allude are now so scarce, that the reader will 
 perhaps have no opportunity of determining this important point 
 unless assisted by the following extract. 
 
 **0n a certain time there w^ere twelve men of Gotham that went to 
 fish, and some stood on dry land ; and in going home one said to the 
 other. We have ventured wonderfully in wading, I pray God that 
 none of us come home to be drowned. Nay, marry, said one to the 
 other, let us see that, for there did twelve of us come out. Then 
 they told themselves, and every one told eleven ; said the one to the 
 other, there is one of us drowned. They went back to the brook where 
 they had been fishing, and sought up and down for him that was 
 wanting, making great lamentation. A courtier coming by, asked 
 what it was they sought for, and why they were sorrowful. O! said 
 they, this day we went to fish in the brook; twelve of us came out
 
 57 
 
 counting, he took alarm, crying out, "Woe is me! woe 
 is me! one is gone with the stream. Behold, Master, 
 but five of us stand here/" Having placed them all in 
 a row, the Gooroo himself counted them two or three 
 times over; but as he always reckoned, omitting liimself, 
 he too pronounced that there were but five. Thus as 
 one and all, each leaving himself out, added together 
 only the others, it became certain among them that 
 the river had swallowed up one. 
 
 On this account they howled bitterly, crying out 
 *'Alas! alas!" and embracing one another exclaimed, 
 " thou cruel river. thou more obdurate than a 
 block, more savage than a panther. Hast thou not 
 feared, yea but a little, to swallow up the disciple of 
 the Gooroo Noodle, who is saluted, respected, wor- 
 shipped and praised from one end of the world to the 
 other? Wretch! hast thou such a daring spirit, thou 
 son of a black bear ; offspring of a cruel tiger ! Shalt 
 thou attain to a future world ? shalt thou hereafter roll 
 
 together, and one is drowned. Said the courtier, tell liov/ many there 
 be of you ; one of them said eleven, and he did not tell himself. 
 Well, said the courtier, what will you give me, and I will find the 
 twelfth man. Sir, said they, all the money we have got. Give me 
 the money said the courtier, and began with the first, and gave him 
 a stroke over the shoulders with his whip, which made him groan, 
 saying, here is one : and so served them all, and they all groaned 
 at the matter. When he came to the last, he paid him well, saying, 
 here is the twelfth man. God's blessing on thy heart, said they, 
 for thus finding our dear brother."
 
 58 
 
 thy cool stream along? May thy source be totally 
 dried up and scorched ; may the glare dart upon the 
 sand in ihy bed ; may fire feed upon thy waves ; may 
 thy meadows be parched and withered ; may thy depths 
 be filled with thorns ! Without moisture, without cool- 
 ness, without even a mark to point out the place of 
 thy former existence, mayest thou be in future con- 
 sumed away !" 
 
 Thus did they vent their abuse and railing, stretching 
 forth their hands and crackino; their fino;ers.* Never- 
 theless, from their hasty stupidity, no one knew up to 
 that moment which among them had been carried away 
 by the river, and no one enquired who it might be. 
 Just at that juncture, a sensible man who was travelling 
 along the road came up, and touched with compassion 
 demanded, " How now Master, how now, tell me, what 
 is this busde about?" They in turn related to him in 
 due order what had happened, and he fully perceiving 
 their idiotism replied, " What has happened, has hap- 
 pened.-f- If you will make me a suitable recompense, 
 I have power to call hither him who is gone with the 
 stream ; for know, that I am deeply versed in 
 
 * The Hindoos in uttering a malediction, unite their hands by inter- 
 lacing the fingers, and then projecting them forwards produce that 
 sound commonly called cracking the joints. Their imprecations are 
 still further strengthened, as they think, by casting dust at the object 
 of them. 
 
 t That is, what has taken place is irremediable.
 
 59 
 
 legerdemain/' To that the Gooroo rejoicing answered, 
 "If you will do this, we will give you forty-five fanams 
 whieh we have provided for our journey/' Then the 
 other raising a stick which he held in his hand, "'Tis 
 in this/' said he, *'that this art is contained. If you 
 will range yourselves in a row, and as you receive a 
 blow upon the back, will each reckon by calling out 
 his name, I will cause all six of you to be here present/' 
 Having thus placed them, he first gave the Gooroo a 
 thump on the back : " Holla!" cried he, '' 'tis I, myself, 
 the Gooroo/' "One," replied the man. In this manner 
 he gave a blow to all of them, and each repeating his 
 name respectively and casting up the account, they agreed 
 in findino; that not one amono- the six was missins;. Beino; 
 therefore astonished they came round the conjurer, and 
 bestowing great praise on him, paid him the money which 
 they had promised and went SiWdy. 
 
 I 2
 
 SECOND STORY. 
 
 OF THE PURCHASE OF THE HORSE'S EGG. 
 
 After the Gooroo Noodle and his five disciples had 
 arrived at the Mattam, they went about relating the 
 dilemma in which they had been placed in the river. 
 
 Upon this an old one-eyed woman,* who was in the 
 habit of sweeping the Mattam, having heard in detail 
 all that had happened, said, " I am of opinion that there 
 was a mistake in the mode in which you counted your- 
 selves and added up the sum. If one reckons, leaving 
 out either himself or any other person, the amount will 
 be erroneous ; however, if another occasion should occur, 
 I will tell you a method by which such a mistake as this 
 
 * The Tamuls divide the natural life of women, as our immortal 
 
 Bard divides human life, into seven ages, 6r^^(TU fS) ^ LJ I ^(:Cp C5\-J LD. 
 
 Until seven years old they come under the denomination (?. LJ O^ BT ; 
 
 from seven till eleven they are considered G L—' ^ UD 22) ! i ; from 
 
 eleven to thirteen LD 'Tu (^ es" ; from thirteen to nineteen LD I_z3 rg a^ g- ; 
 from nineteen to twenty-live Si;rf^22)(y>-i^ from twenty-five to thirty-one 
 Q^ rf^^S) 0\-i ; from thirty-one to forty Qi-jrf" a\rr ld Q L_i ©br : 
 after the age of forty-one a female is reckoned an old woman, and is 
 called, like the one-eyed dame in our story, ^ L-P CTXS.
 
 61 
 
 may be avoided. Having picked up the ordure* which 
 hes on the commons, collect it together, and when you 
 have patted it smooth, gather around it, and stooping 
 down, dip the ends of your noses in the dung. Then 
 count the impressions made by your noses, and you may 
 thus know, without any error in the account, how many 
 persons there are. In this very same manner, some fifty 
 or sixty years ago, did we take account of a number-)- of 
 women who were collected together. 
 
 They all replied, "This indeed is a capital plan and 
 costs no money ; it did not occur to any of us. Never- 
 theless, for all purposes, it will be best to buy a horse. 
 Sir, you must by all means procure a horse.'' The 
 Gooroo demanded how much the price of a horse would 
 amount to. As they heard upon enquiry that it could 
 not cost less than from fifty to a hundred pagodas, the 
 Gooroo determined that he had not ability to pay so 
 much. 
 
 The matter thus remained a good while under con- 
 sideration, when one day they perceived that their milch 
 
 * This is a suggestion which would not appear quite so extravagant 
 to a Hindoo as it must to an European, for the women of an Indian 
 family are frequently employed in collecting the ordure of cattle, which 
 they form into flattened cakes and dry in the sun against rocks or 
 walls. These cakes are used as fuel by all classes. 
 
 -f The words in the original are ten women, but the number ten, as well 
 as four, is frequently used in an indefinite sense; thus resembling the 
 number nine in Greek, when applied to time : as, twil^ap fxev ava arparov 
 wK£To KJ/Xa 3"£Oto, Hom. lib. i.
 
 62 
 
 cow which had been turned out to feed, did not return 
 home at the close of the evening; they sought her 
 all over the village, but as, notwithstanding their search, 
 she was not to be found, Blockhead on the following 
 day went to seek her in the surrounding villages. 
 
 On his return to the Mattam the third day, unable to 
 discover her any where, he exclaimed with delight, "The 
 cow, Sir, I cannot find: 'tis no matter, however, for I 
 ha\e met with a horse for us at a very low price/' '' How 
 is that?" demanded the Gooroo with eagerness. To which 
 Blockhead replied, " When I was on my return, after I 
 had been searching from village to village, from common 
 to common, from enclosure to enclosure, in order to find 
 the milch cow% I perceived four or five mares grazing 
 and reposing on the bank of a large lake. As I went 
 on farther I found, in a place which was near, a number 
 of horses' eggs hanging down in every direction, which 
 could not be encompassed by one's two arms. Upon 
 enquiry of one who came up, he informed me that they 
 were in truth horses' eggs, and that the price of each 
 of them was only four or five pagodas. Here is a fine 
 opportunity, Sir. We can thus, at an easy rate, obtain 
 a high bred horse, and as for its docihty, this will depend 
 upon the manner in which we rear it and break it in." 
 They all consented to this proposition, and having united 
 Idiot with him, delivered into their hands five pagodas, 
 and despatched them forthwith on their journey. 
 
 After Blockhead and Idiot had set out, in the manner 
 just mentioned, to purchase the horse's egg, Fool thus
 
 65 
 
 threw out a doubt. "' Graut that the e^^ of a hidi bred 
 courser be obtained, still when obtained, it is only after 
 having been sat upon that it will be hatched; but who 
 in the world is to hatch it I am sure I do not know. 
 He says that it is not to be encompassed by one's two 
 arms : though then we were to keep ten hens together 
 upon it, they could not even stand upon it, much less 
 cover it. Tell us then how we arc to manage in this 
 business/' On hearing what he said, they all stared at 
 each other with astonishment, and without opening their 
 mouths, remained speechless.* After a considerable 
 pai«e, the Gooroo addressed himself separately to each 
 of the three who were present, saying, " I see no other 
 way but that one of us should sit on it." Upon this 
 each made his excuses. " It is my business," says one, 
 " to go daily to the river and fetch all the water that is 
 wanted, as also to goto the jungle and procure canes for 
 firewood, how therefore can I possibly hatch it?" Says 
 another, " After remaining night and day without inter- 
 mission in the kitchen, dressing rice, cooking all kinds 
 of curries, making fancy cakes and boiling water, for 
 every body, thus killing myself at the stoves, how can 
 the hatching be performed by me?" Says another, 
 *' Before day break I go to the river, and. after having 
 
 * This sort of tautology, common in Tamul, seems not unfrequent 
 in Scripture; as in Psahu xxxix. ver. 3, " 1 held my tongue and spake 
 nothing."
 
 64 
 
 cleansed* my teeth, rinsed my mouth, washed my face, 
 purified my hands and feei, and completed all my 
 ceremonies according to the rules, I have to go round the 
 flower gardens, cull the new buds, bring them hither 
 with due respect, tie long garlands, strew flowers over 
 different idols, at the same time worshipping them, and 
 daily assist at the Poojei of the deity. Such is my 
 business ; is it not ? With all this, how can I hatch it?" 
 
 To this the Gooroo replied, ''This is all quite true; 
 neither can it be accomplished by the other two who are 
 gone away; for one of them has more business than he 
 can finish, in making enquiries respecting those who 
 come and go, in giving answers to the questions which 
 they propose, and in hearing and settling the disputes 
 which are brought before him. Finally, Blockhead, on 
 all occasions when we wish to transact any business, is 
 he not the person who goes to the shops, to the fairs and 
 
 * According to Hindoo practice, cleanliness, or rather that parti- 
 cular cleanliness of person which is required by the law, and is called 
 UiOTT'dyrf^ <2^ U>3 consists in four particulars, viz. 1 st, ^ 2_Q 6i\ cr lDj 
 shaving; which is performed on every part of the body except the 
 top of the head, the upper lip, which however is shaved with Brahmans, 
 the arm from the elbow to the wrist, and the leg from the knee to the 
 ankle. 2nd, 21J LJ L-S" LU ^ ^ LD, anointment, or according to others, 
 the bathing of the whole body, as opposed to ^ 6m- '\ — 2A3 rg rra^ ld, 
 a bathing or washing of the head as far as the neck. 3rd, S" rg ^ rr 
 a\J (5^ LD, the care and cleansing of the teeth. 4tli, r§' '7' LD CTO 
 O^j 2AD ^' T LD, clean raiment.
 
 65 
 
 to ihc villages? It is very true, therefore, that you must 
 follow those oecupations which constantly require your 
 attention. For my part, am I not here doing nothing? 
 I will place the egg in my lap, embrace it with my arms, 
 cover it with the skirt of my cloth, hug it in my bosom, 
 suard il with tenderness, and thus hatch it. It is enough 
 if we do but produce the horse, we will not regard the 
 trouble which is to be endured." 
 
 AVhilst all this deliberation was taking place in the 
 Mattam, Blockhead and Idiot, who had set out in the 
 third watch with the rising moon, after a journey of more 
 than two kadams* and a half, bent their course towards 
 the mark which they had before seen and noticed, and 
 arrived at the borders of the lake where there was an 
 abundance of pumpkinsf- in fruit. 
 
 On perceiving this, being greatly delighted, they went 
 to the countryman who was attending there and entreated 
 him, saying, " Master, we earnestly conjure you to give 
 us one of these eggs." He, in his turn, seeing their 
 idiotism, said, "Hey-day! do you suppose yourselves 
 fit to buy such high bred horses' eggs as these? They 
 are very costly indeed." To this they replied, "Go to 
 IMaster, do we not know that five pagodas is the price of 
 them? Look ye, friend, take your five pagodas and give 
 us a good egg." To this he answered, '' You are, to be 
 
 * The Tarnul kadam, ^ n" g" ld, differs in length in different parts. 
 At Madras and its neighbourhood it equals ten English miles. 
 
 + Called e= /T LD ! I AD LJ) fF 6nTTP, or ash coloured pumpkin. 
 
 K
 
 66 
 
 sure, fine honest fellows. In consideration of your good 
 qualities, I consent to give them to you at this price; 
 select therefore an egg to your liking, and go your ways, 
 but do not publish it abroad that you have obtained it 
 at this easy rate/' They both of them selected and 
 took away a fruit which was larger than all the rest, and 
 risincr early the next morning, they set out on their 
 journey just as the day was breaking. 
 
 Blockhead having carefully taken the egg and lifted it 
 on his head, the other went before shewing the way, and 
 while they were thus going along. Blockhead began to 
 sav, " Ay, ay, our forefathers have said, theij who perforin 
 penance, are forKarding their oku affairs. We have now 
 seen the proof of this with our own eyes. This in truth 
 is the profit which has accrued by the penance continually 
 performed by our Gooroo. A high bred horse, which is 
 worth a hundred or a hundred and fifty pagodas, we 
 purchase and take to him for five." To which Idiot 
 replied, "Needs this any reflection? Hast thou not 
 heard the saying — -from pious actions^' alone proceeds delight. 
 
 * The Tamuls reckon thirty-two kinds of pious actions, some of which 
 are sufficiently fanciful : these comprehend, however, if not all the 
 possible varieties of charitable works, at least more than most people 
 perform. Their enumeration is as follows. 1. The building hospitals 
 for the poor. 2. Giving food to those whose employment is devotion. 
 3. Giving food to those who follow any of the six sects. 4. Supplying 
 calendars or almanacks. 5. Furnishing remedies for the eyes. 6. Giving 
 oil for the anointment of the head. 7. Associating with the female sex. 
 8. Marriage. 9- Sobriety. 10. Preserving the good works of another.
 
 67 
 
 all else is irrelevant and unworthy of praise. From virtue, 
 not only profit, but plcaure proceeds; except tliere be 
 (virtue), all else will be misery and disgrace. Did not 
 my father for a long time practise many virtues; and he 
 found his profit and delight in the end, in having me 
 born to him." To which the other replied, " Can 
 this be doubted.'^ If you sow a castor oil tree, will an 
 ebony tree he produced?^' From good actions, good will 
 proceed, from evil actions, evil." 
 
 11. Raising a shed where water may be furnished gratis to passengers. 
 
 12. Building a house, either of rest for passengers, or for some religious 
 devotee. 13. Building tanks and repairing roads. 14. Planting trees. 
 15. Planting groves for the convenience of travellers. l6. Giving food 
 to animals. 17. Giving money to preserve the life of any living 
 thing whatsoever. 18. Erecting posts for cows to rub themselves 
 a"^ainst. 19. Giving food to prisoners or slaves. 20. Giving boiled 
 rice for sacrifices. 21. Causing to make sacrifices. 22. Giving gar- 
 ments. 23. Furnishing provisions for a journey. 24. Furnishing 
 Brahmans with the means of bearing the expense of assuming the 
 sacred thread. 25. Pouring milk into the sacrificial fire. 26. Making 
 gifts, more especially of money. 27. Giving quick lime to be eaten 
 with betel leaf. 28. Paying for the barber employed in shaving another. 
 29. Furnishing remedies for diseases. 30. Giving drink to cows. 
 31. Furnishing a looking-glass. 32. Burning corpses. It would need 
 a long commentary to explain the nature and value of these various 
 good works. I confess myself unable to do so, but recommend that 
 their merits should be made matter of conversation with the 2 — I — ^ rr ^ 
 ^LU n" &", or instructor, by those who study the Tamul language in 
 India. 
 
 * The Latin Dictionarj', a most valuable work by our author, which 
 k now in course of publication at the College Press at Madras, in 
 quoting this common proverb says, " cequivalet dicto, qua3 quis seminal 
 
 K 2
 
 68 
 
 Thus conversing, after they had walked along for a 
 considerable distance, the pumpkin, from striking against 
 the bough of a tree which was bent and hanging down, 
 was dashed out of his hands, and suddenly tumbling 
 upon some shrubs which were spreading in bushes below, 
 cracked and fell to pieces. 
 
 Upon this, a hare which was sitting in the bushes 
 started up and ran away. Taking the alarm, they cried 
 out, '' Behold ! the horse's foal which was in the shell has 
 run away;" and followed after to catch and seize it. 
 Running, regardless of hills or dales, or woods or com- 
 mons, the clothes which they had on became entangled 
 in the thorny bushes, and were partly torn and partly 
 detained. They continued the pursuit, with their flesh 
 lacerated by the stumps which they trod on, their blood 
 flowing in consequence of the thorns which stuck into 
 them, their bodies all streaming with perspiration, their 
 hearts beating, their two ears closed,* pufling and blowing 
 with fatigue, and their bowels jolting; notwithstanding 
 which, the hare was not caught, and they both fell down, 
 wearied out and harassed with fatigue. In the mean 
 
 haec et metet." Perhaps it approaches still nearer to the very forcible 
 interrogatory with which our Saviour inculcates the same moral : " Do 
 men gather grapes of thorns or figs of thistles?" Matt. vii. IG. 
 
 * This is the undoubted meaning of the text; but whether violent 
 exertion would produce the effect described, I will not pretend to 
 determine. The effects of violent love on the same organ, as described 
 by Sappho, seem at least equally wonderful, if not quite similar. 
 OinruTtarnv c scev oprffxqi, [io/x(iivaiv 8' UKOai fxoi.
 
 69 
 
 time the hare went on, and becoming concealed, so as no 
 longer lo be kept in sight, it ran away to a great distance. 
 They too, regardless of their weariness, rose up, and with 
 legs limping and wounded by thorns, stones and stumps, 
 searched in every direction. Journeying in this afflicted 
 condition, they suffered hunger and fasting all that day, 
 and after sunset arrived at the Mattam. 
 
 When they entered in at the gate, they smote their 
 mouths, crying, *'Alas! alas!" and beating themselves, 
 fell down. "What is it? What is it? What harm has 
 come to you?" demanded the rest; who came, and, taking 
 them by the hand, raised them up. After the two had 
 related in detail all the circumstances that had happened. 
 Blockhead spoke as follows: "O Sir, since the day that 
 I was born, I never beheld so swift a horse as this: of 
 an ash colour, mixed with black ; in form and size like 
 a hare, and a cubit in length. Although a foal* still in 
 the nest, it pricked up its two ears, cocked its tail, which 
 rose up the length of two fingers,'!* extended and stretched 
 forth its four legs, and with its heart close to the ground, 
 ran with a swiftness and impetuosity which can neitner 
 be expressed nor conceived." 
 
 * A foal, when first born, is called ©" 'l_Q- j when somewhat grown, 
 
 it becomes LDA^P, a colt: the term i I <^ G^ rr O" ld expresses the 
 
 age of a full grown young horse ; rg (P LJ <^ 9= rr o~ l£>, that of a 
 middle aged horse, and LJ L-P L_."=^ e= rr O" lo, one much advanced. 
 
 f By *'two fingers," is meant the breadth of two fingers, a finger's 
 breadth being a measure in common use, and the word length applies to 
 the tail.
 
 70 
 
 Upon this they were all bewailing, when the Gooroo 
 •appeasing them, said, " True indeed, the five pagodas are 
 gone, but however, it is well that the horse's foal is gone 
 also ; if whilst a foal it runs in this manner, when hereafter 
 it shall become full grown, who will be able to ride upon 
 it? I truly am an old man: a horse of this description, 
 my friends, although it were presented to me gratis, I 
 would not accept/'
 
 THIRD STORY. 
 
 OF THE JOURNEY WHICH WAS MADE, MOUNTED ON 
 
 AN HIRED OX. 
 
 After some time had elapsed, a necessity arose for 
 performing a long jom*ney. As they could not go so far 
 on foot, they agreed for the hire of an ox without horns.* 
 They settled to give for its hire, three fanams a day, and 
 after one watch from sunrise had been employed in 
 A'arious affairs, they set out upon their journey. 
 
 It being a terribly hot season, as they travelled along, 
 the rays of the sun darted directly upon them, and they 
 found themselves in an open plain, without the advantage 
 of a single tree or bush, and without either covering or 
 shade. While they were thus jogging along, the old 
 Gooroo, unable to endure the fierceness of the unre- 
 lenting heat, and bending like a green blade of corn, 
 was in danger of falhng off the ox. On perceiving this, 
 his disciples laid hold of him and lifted him ofi", and, as 
 there was no other shade, set him under the shadow of 
 the ox, which they halted, and fanned him with their 
 
 * Q. LD T (52) L_p LD n~ (5" does not mean an ox, naturally without 
 horns, but one whose horns were seared when they began to sprout, so 
 as to prevent their growth. . .
 
 72 
 
 cloths. After he had by this means been much revived, 
 as a cool breeze sprang up, he re-mounted the ox, and 
 travelhng gently along, they arrived, before the day 
 declined, at a little village where they halted. 
 
 No sooner had they entered into a small rest house 
 there, than, on paying the ox-driver his three fanams, 
 he asserted that it was not enough. ^' How is this,'' 
 replied they, "is not this the daily hire that we originally 
 agreed for with you?" To which he, objecting, vocife- 
 rated, "It is true indeed, that for the accommodation of 
 the ox, as a conveyance, this hire was agreed upon ; but 
 moreover, in the middle of the way, my ox afforded 
 accommodation as an umbrella against the heat: must 
 I not then have hire for this too?" They asserted that 
 this was an imposition, and flying into a passion, opposed 
 him and raised a great dispute. As the quarrel en- 
 creased, all the villagers who were passing to and fro, 
 both men and women, assembled and formed a crowd. 
 In the mean time a Padeiyachi,* who was the justice, 
 having appeased the fray; heard the dispute on both 
 sides, and demanded of them whether they would abide 
 by the decision which he should pronounce, and the 
 judgment which he should give: after which he spoke as 
 follows: 
 
 " rj^ myself once travelhng home, put up one night at 
 
 * A certain caste of cultivators. 
 
 t This story, which, in other forms, is familiar to us in Europe, is 
 derived from an oriental stock.
 
 73 
 
 a large caravansara; where, besides lodging, they supplied, 
 for money, those who frequented it with every thing that 
 might be wanted in the way of food. I, however, as I had 
 not enough for my travelling expenses, said that 1 needed 
 nothing. They then transfixed upon an iron spit a large leg 
 of mutton, for those who had arrived that day, Avhich they 
 roasted by turning it over the burning coals. This con- 
 tinued smoking with the heat, and the odour which it sent 
 forth being very grateful, I thought that it would be nice to 
 eat the bundlefuli of boiled rice* which I had brouo;ht, with 
 this savoury smell, and begged permission to be allowed 
 to turn the spit for a little while. Thus, holding the 
 rice over the smoke, I turned the spit with one hand, 
 whilst with the other I fed myself with gratification at 
 the savoury odour. Afterwards, when I was thinking of 
 going, the master of the caravansara demanded payment 
 for the odour which I had smelt. I asserted the injustice 
 of his demand, and, both of us disputing together, we 
 went before the head man of the village. Now he was 
 a great Shastri, a very sensible man, extremely clever and 
 much versed in the science of the law. Listen to the 
 decision which he gave. 'For him who ate of the dish, 
 the price is money, but for smelling the odour which 
 issued from the dish, the price is the odour of money; 
 
 * A native of India, when travelling, seldom fails to provide himself 
 Avith a cloth full of cold boiled rice, (e? 'LQ. e= 5^ nr gr ld). This, 
 when moistened with the juice of a lime, or a little pepper-water, is 
 sufficient to satisfy his moderate appetite. 
 
 li
 
 74 
 
 this is my decision/ So saying, he called the master of 
 the caravansara near him, and forcing a bag full of 
 money down upon his nose, he chaffed and scrubbed it. 
 The other cried out, 'O dear ! O dear! my nose is coming 
 off, I have had sufficient payment/ Do ye hear this ? Is 
 not this justice, is not this law? This very decision 
 apphes to you. For journeying hither on the ox, the 
 proper hire is money, and for remaining in the ox's 
 shadow, the shadow^ of the hire-money is sufficient.'" 
 
 However, as the sun was now set, having settled the 
 sound of the money, as the hire of the ox's shadow, he 
 suddenly seized on the ox-driver, and having repeatedly 
 thumped the money-bag upon his ear, he cried out, "Do'st 
 hear?" To which he replied, "O yes Sir, O yes Sir, 
 I have heard it, indeed I have heard it, my ear is sore ; 
 enough father, of hire enough." The Gooroo also said, 
 "What I have already suffered sufficeth me; I cannot 
 endure this vexation, take away thy ox; the remainder of 
 the journey is short, in the morning I will proceed gently 
 on foot." So saying, he discharged him. Then, greatly 
 praising and complimenting the Justice w^ho had so well 
 settled his quarrel, he gave him his blessing and dismissed 
 him.
 
 FOURTH STORY. 
 
 OF THROWING A FISH HOOK TO CATCH THE HORSE. 
 
 On the following day the Gooroo and his disciples 
 dreading the heat, made ready as soon as the cock crew 
 and set out on their journey. As they travelled at a 
 slackened pace, before they had yet finished one kadam, 
 finding that the heat began to scorch them, they halted 
 in a cool grove. Whilst they were refreshing themselves 
 there. Dunce retired to the fields,* and then went to 
 wash his feetf* in a neighbouring lake. 
 
 * This is one of several delicate forms of expression, the meaning of 
 which will be at once perceived. The following are some others which 
 should be borne in mind, in order to avoid mistaking the implied for 
 the literal sense of the words. 63 otjr aq/ ^ (^ lL' G L_! rr aq ^, " to 
 go for one purpose — @ T 6tror ©^^lUGI— '/T"A9 S/5 to go for two 
 purposes— ©OVTBTSy^^LJ G 1—"^A9 S^'j to go to the tank — 
 0\J n- LU ^ ^ rr qo/ ^ © lj G L-J n- /V) ^, to go to the channel — 
 ^/^A£2/^(gLjGl— I/TA9 S7, to go to the river— G C5\-) GNTf^ G LU 
 G I— ! n- A9 ^, to go out— G ^ T &sD 2/u\D ^ © LJ G i—i rr A9 ^, 
 to go to the field. 
 
 t This expression is equally guarded as the former, and has an implied 
 
 :en. 
 l2 
 
 meaning which cannot be mistaken.
 
 76 
 
 There -was an Ayinar* temple upon its bank, in which 
 there was a large horse of newly baked clay, which had 
 been brought and deposited there in fulfilment of a vow. 
 The lake being full of water, and the water clear, Dunce 
 saw the reflection of that clay horse in the lake; and, 
 astonished that a horse should stand in the water, as he 
 perceived that it was of similar colour, size and ap- 
 pearance with the clay horse which stood on the bank, 
 there arose a suspicion with liim that it might perhaps 
 be its reflected image which appeared below. 
 
 Just-j' then, however, the water becoming undulated and 
 rufl3ed by a breeze that blew over it, the horse also which 
 appeared in it w-as agitated, and as he perceived that 
 there was no motion whatever in the horse on the shore, he 
 became convinced that the horse in the water was separate 
 and alive; moreover, as if to drive it away, he shouted 
 out, and pelted it with a stone. With this, the water 
 becoming more undulated, the horse also seemed to him 
 to raise his head, to kick out his feet, and to leap with 
 his whole body in trepidation. So taking alarm, he ran 
 to the rest and related every tiling that he had seen. 
 
 * Ayiniir, 2-1 LLSc5^ 0~ or 2^' lIj lU .52) O" ; called also ^rr'morabr 
 and f9=n" ^ 5" o~3 is the son of Vishnoo. His distinguishing weapon 
 is the Q ^ <S^ Ln n" LL_j ^ LD, or club ; his conveyance is a white 
 elephant, Avhence he is called Q a\J G^ 2yt5vr lu rr z/jt^t m cr ^, 
 and a cock is the ensign displayed in his banners, on which account 
 he is intitled Q u^ rr [^ ^ Qu^ rr L_g. Qlu rr (jar. 
 
 t This story reminds us of that told of the Wise Men of Gotham, 
 who raked in a pond for the Moon.
 
 77 
 
 Upon this they all instantly arose and hastened to the 
 spot, where, looking around them, they perceived the 
 truth of what Dunce reported. They afterwards con- 
 sulted* together how they should take it, but as none of 
 them would consent to descend into the water and lay 
 hold of it, after opposing, and rejecting several modes 
 which one and another suggested, the}' at length de- 
 termined, that it would be the best plan, by casting a 
 hook, in the same way as one would catch a fish, to 
 catch this also, and thus draw it ashore. 
 
 They made preparations by taking as a hook, a sickle 
 that one of them had with him, and this they baited with 
 a bundlef- of boiled rice which they had brought, while 
 for a line they took the turban that the Gooroo wore. 
 In this manner, having thrust the sickle through the rice, 
 they tied it with the turban, and threw it into the place 
 where the horse made his appearance. By the great 
 
 * It is lield that in consultation (^ (2c5V)/T5=2yt575T) five circum- 
 stances {[—] °^ ^ n- fTj u^ ld) are to be considered. 1st, L_? A9 LD 
 Q L^ rr LJ .T \_u LD, the exterior means. 2nd, i—j 03 2_Q ^ a"cTX? 
 
 U_i ^ LD I ^ ^ ^1 the fruits which we are to expect, and which should 
 
 be among the following four : 1 , ^^ LD LD, good works ; 2, «L,' AD gr Lb, 
 riches, money or goods; 3, 0r 0> LX), pleasures ; 4, QLD/t ^ 2-Q. ld, 
 paradise. 3rd, Q> ^ B= U^ rr a\D CTXS L_i rr bj lX), the choice of time 
 and opportunity. 4th, OXJ rr ^ (S; ^ lS* A^ ^ rr o- lD, a foresight 
 of what may be the objections and the answers to them. 5th, 65" /i" rf^ 
 LU ^ ^ ^? determination as to whether the matter under consideration 
 can and ought to be done. 
 
 t Sec the Note in page 73.
 
 73 
 
 undulation of the water, from the impetus with which 
 it plunged in, the horse also which appeared there, 
 seemed as if seen to leap, to wriggle and to kick, in 
 consequence of which they all took alarm and ran away. 
 One of them, however, who had hold of the turban did 
 not let it go, but remained with it in his grasp. After the 
 Avaves of the lake had subsided, he drew softly near, and 
 as he continued to troll the bundle of rice which had 
 been cast in, some large fish in the lake bit at the cloth ; 
 perceiving signs of which, he beckoned the rest to him 
 by a signal with his hand and cried, " Look ye! the horse 
 is biting the bait." On drawing up the turban after a 
 little while, the cloth and the rice Avere both gone, in 
 consequence of which, the sickle which was fastened to 
 the turban stuck in a large weed that was spreading out 
 beneath the water. They all cried out with delight, 
 *' Now that the hook has stuck in the horse's mouth, he is 
 our own :'' then uniting together they pulled at the 
 turban, which being an old one, it gave way, and they 
 all at the same instant fell on their backs. 
 
 A good man coming up at the moment when they had 
 thus tumbled down, asked what was the matter, and they 
 related every thing as it had occurred. Upon this, he, 
 perceiving their simplicity, veiled with a cloth the clay 
 horse which was on the shore, and shewing them that the 
 horse in the water was also thus hidden, he did aAvay with 
 the delusion. 
 
 They then pointed out the Gooroo, and related to the 
 man, with every particular, how, from their not having
 
 79 
 
 money to purchase a horse, which was so absolutely 
 necessary in consequence of his decrepid age, they had 
 bought the egg of one; how it had been destroyed, and 
 how they had suffered vexation on account of the hired 
 ox. He, perceiving that they were well meaning folks, 
 and without guile, had pity on them, and said, " I have 
 a lame horse, an old one indeed, however, it will be 
 serviceable for journeys of the description you make; 
 fanam* or kasoo is unncccessary, I give it you gratis. 
 Come all of you to my house." So saying, he took them 
 away with him. 
 
 * See the words 1—1 6OTr Co and ^ rr Br in the Vocabulary. The 
 latter word is usually pronounced cash by Europeans, but the Tamul 
 orthography is used in the text, that the reader may not mistake it for 
 an English word.
 
 FIFTH STORY. 
 
 OF GOING HOME ON HORSEBACK. 
 
 That good man carried them away in the manner 
 already mentioned to the village where he lived, which 
 was in the neighbourhood. He was not a rich man;* he 
 Avas indeed poor, but he was charitable; so he spread 
 before them a repast, in which there was no lack of ghee, 
 or milk, or tyer/f* and gave them betel leafj and nut,§ 
 and tobacco, and whatever else was requisite in abundance. 
 
 * A rich man, ^ 0~ CTlS lu Ovj t (jbr. There are eight components, 
 
 *ij 2-JQ 1 LLS" 5r rf^ LU rru 07 OvT, which constitute ^' T CTXT lu ld, 
 
 or wealth : viz. ^(5<^ LD> money — ^ n-(5^LU LDj corn, that is, land — 
 (0 LD n~ ^ CT", children — (3\J2A3^/, goods or personal property — 
 (5\j rr 05" (5^ LD, conveyances, horses, camels, elephants — G (TU n^ ^y, 
 relations — G ^ <5^ ^ ^ O^j friends, allies — 24 S^ 22) LDj slaves. From 
 this enumeration it will, I think, be granted that the Hindoos have 
 tolerably clear notions respecting the good things of this world. The 
 eight pleasures or enjoyments of life, 24 2_e 1 — G LJ n* 05" ld? are 
 1st, G L_'rr e= (jur ld, eating. 2nd, 0\_i 2A) ^ Cr ld, clothing. 3rd, 
 G ^ ^15 5" LX>* odours. 4th, L_j 2_Q L_' LD, flowers. 5th, ^ rr Cd\__^ 
 0X5 LDj betel and areka. Gth, US" iVp uj LD rr OOT G L-i 6^- B= rr g=^, 
 a beloved wife. 7th, e=nv^^G^^2J!e i_Q., a band of musicians. 
 8th, I I (7V) n" 2/57rr, a couch of flowers. 
 
 -f- Milk curdled into a solid mass, by the addition of a small quantity 
 of milk already curdled. It is usually eaten with rice. 
 
 ± Piper Betel. § Areca Catechu.
 
 81 
 
 On the following morning, he sent for the horse which 
 was grazing in his fields, and setting it before the Gooroo 
 presented it to him as a gift.* The horse, besides being 
 aged, was blind of an eye, shorn of an ear, lame in one 
 of his fore legs, and limping-f- in one of the hind legs : so 
 that it was a conveyance suitable to the woeful form of 
 the Gooroo. Although such his plight, they were all 
 greatly delighted that they had got a horse, and that it 
 had been obtained gratis. Gathering around, they lavished 
 on it their caresses, this one patted it, that one laid hold 
 of a leg and twisted it, one seized the tail and pulled it, 
 another w^ped its eyes, while another fed it by cramming 
 grass into its mouth. 
 
 After this, on searching for the horse's trappings, he 
 who had made them a present of the horse gave them an 
 old saddle which was torn. However, as it wanted the 
 hind-strap (crupper) which passes under the tail, they 
 procured some palei-kodij stalks and tied them on: so 
 likewise, as there Avas no rein to the bridle, they sub- 
 
 * This may seem somewhat tautological, but the Avord Q>^ ^ & ^ 
 ^ IT (jbr, he gate, does not necessarily imply that the object pre- 
 sented was a free gift ; therefore the word ^ n" <5OTr' K" Q2) ^9 a 
 present or gift, is likewise expressed. Thus in Virgil, 
 
 Est mihi disparibus septem compacta cicutis 
 Fistula, DamcEtas duno mihi quara dedit olira. 
 
 t The text is iS O^ ^ rr o\d (^T 'LQ. B" ^ nr qoy ld- I am not 
 acquainted with the word (^^ 'LQ- '> but am inclined to think it a mistake 
 for (^f? La ^) lame or limping, from (^^ L=3 LD, lameness. 
 
 J See the words LJ rr a/ms and Qu^ nr \ — q. in the Vocabulary. 
 
 M
 
 82 
 
 stituted twisted hay bands. After they had given them- 
 selves much trouble to obtain a belly band and girths, not 
 bein^ able to procure them, Blockhead went to a village 
 in the neighbourhood, and purchased both these and a 
 martinsjale. 
 
 "When all the trappings had been thus obtained, the 
 unlucky-" days were passed over, and at a fortunate 
 moment, according to the rules of astrology, all the village 
 having come forth in company with them, shouting out 
 and cheering, they placed the Gooroo Noodle on horse- 
 back at the head of the procession. Then, one of the 
 five disciples laying hold of the bridle pulled forward. 
 One placed near the tail, hooted, and drove the beast on. 
 Two of them at the two sides, keeping hold of the 
 Gooroo's legs, supported him; while another in front, 
 acting as herald,*!' cried, " Take ye care, take ye care, 
 look out, look out;" and thus they went along. 
 
 * If the 12th day of the Moon's age fall on a Sunday, the 1 Ith on a 
 Monday, the 5th on a Tuesday, the 2nd on a Wednesday, the 6th on a 
 Thursday, the 8th on a Friday, the 9th on a Saturday, these days are 
 accounted unlucky. On the contrary, if the 8th fall on a Sunday, the 
 9th on a Monday, the 6th on a Tuesday, the 3rd on a Wednesday, the 9th on 
 a Thursday, the 13th on a Friday, the 14th on a Saturday, these days are 
 esteemed lucky. In general, the 1st day of the moon's age, the 4th, 
 the 6th, the 8th, the 9th, the 11th, the 12th, the 14th and the loth, are 
 esteemed unluckly, unless their ill luck be corrected by the day of the 
 week according to the above table. On the contrary, the 2nd, the 5th, 
 the 7th, the 10th and the 13th, are esteemed lucky. 
 
 t See Dubois' Work, page 67.
 
 83 
 
 After tliej had travelled merrily along for a consider- 
 able distance, the collector of toll belonging to the highway 
 came running up, and sto})ping them, demanded five 
 fanams for the horse. To this they replied, by crying out, 
 "What! toll for a horse ridden by a Gooroo! Has this 
 any thing to do with commerce? This forsooth is a horse 
 given by a person out of charity, who perceived that 
 owing to his dccrepid age he was unable to go on foot : 
 what toll is there for this? ''Tis an injustice." As he 
 "would not quit his arrest, even until it was high noon, 
 seeing no other way, they gave the five fanams. The 
 Gooroo, too, reflecting that if he had been without a 
 horse, this vexation w^ould not have been occasioned, was 
 in great tribulation. 
 
 They went to refresh themselves in a choultry which 
 was near, and to a good man whom he found there, the 
 Gooroo himself began making great complaint. " I 
 never,''' said he, " mounted a horse from the day that I 
 was born. Now to-day, on the occasion of my riding 
 for the first time, this is the injustice which I have ex- 
 perienced. Shall the money which they thus wickedly 
 obtain, like thieves who unlawfully take possession of the 
 road, do them any good ? Shall not the money, which they 
 consume* my belly by receiving, become a fire to them ?" 
 
 * (D-J LU Q /:£) ^ 1-1-' is a phrase, which translated literally signifies 
 " the belly to bum," or " be in a burning state," but which means, also, 
 " to be very hungr}'," or to "grieve." In the original, there is a kind of 
 double ejitendre, therefore, which does not admit of translation, arising 
 from the two-fold meaning of the phrase. 
 
 31 2
 
 84 
 
 To which the other rephed, " This, Sir, is the temper of 
 the times ; in these days, money is the Gooroo, money is 
 the deity ; we have heard it said of old, that if you hut 
 name money, even a corpse uill open its mouth. Now- 
 a-days. Sir, there is no odier care or love but money." 
 The Gooroo answ^ered, "In these times there are some, 
 who if they see money, though it be in ordure,* will not 
 scruple to lick it out/' Said the other, " Is there any 
 doubt of this ? And even that. Sir, doth not stink to 
 them : listen to an evidence of this. 
 
 '*A certain king,-^^ from a desire of money, after he had 
 imposed upon his kingdom all sorts of taxes which had 
 not existed before, levied a tax also upon urine. This, 
 even his own son not enduring, he remonstrated with his 
 father, saying that it was shameful to demand such a 
 stinking tax. The king, however, dismissed his son with- 
 out making a repl3^ After many days had elapsed, and 
 the money had been collected for the lax which had been 
 
 * The ordure of different animals has different names, which it is 
 
 proper to bear in mind. The general term is ^ P'Q . H LD — that of the 
 
 ox and buffalo is called ^ rr 6OTf , e= rr jSZTO) K" LD, or e= rr jSgTO HV 
 RT LD — that of the elephant and of the horse, G "^Vi ^ ^ — of birds and 
 lizards, <5r 9= f5= lD — of goats and sheep, lS(^Ui^2)^ — of the do- 
 mestic fowl, Q^ IT i^^ ^ rr rr ld— of man, aj G C^vi gr ^ lu LD, 
 LD (TV) LD. The above are terms of decency, but the word iS, so often 
 used by people of low caste and education, is to be avoided as grossly 
 vulgar. 
 
 t This is the well known story of Vespasian and Titus, which the 
 Author has artfully introduced in illustration of his subject.
 
 85 
 
 imposed, the king, sending for his son, desired him to 
 smell that money: 'Docs it stink?" demanded he. The 
 son, not thinking of any ulterior meaning, said it smelt 
 well enough ; upon which the king replied, * This is the 
 very money from the urine tax/ Dost hear me? It is 
 enough, if the money but comes ; it is no matter. Sir, 
 how it comes." 
 
 After they had in this manner passed the day in much 
 conversation, in the evening the Gooroo again mounted 
 the horse, and when they had travelled along they halted. 
 in a hamlet. They did not tether the horse, but turned 
 him out to feed at night, and when they went in the 
 morning to seek him for their journey, he was not to be 
 found. On entering and searching from house to house, 
 a person had detained him tied up in his enclosure, and 
 when they requested that he would give him up, he re- 
 plied, "The whole thirty hours* of the night he has been 
 feeding on my grain, by which as I have suffered much 
 injury, I will positively not let him go.'^ Upon this the 
 chief of the village went himself to him; but although 
 he endeavoured to appease him, both by entreaties and 
 threats, he said that he would agree to give him up, only 
 on condition that the damage should be made good. A 
 numberf- of persons assembled, who having enquired into 
 the injury which had been done by the grazing, and 
 having estimated what had been trodden down and what 
 
 * See Note in page 52. 
 i* Literally, four persons ; but the number is used in an indefinite sense.
 
 86 
 
 had been fed off, pronounced that there was a damage of 
 ten fanams, or at least, that there was a damage of eight 
 fanams. In the end, however, an agreement was made 
 for four fanams ; which the man having received, gave 
 up the horse. 
 
 As for the Gooroo, being greatly distressed, ''^ Wherefore 
 have I this horse ?" said he, *' how many expenses, how 
 many sorrows, how many degradations have been in- 
 curred in consequence of its coming; all this, my friends, 
 is ill befitting my dignity/' So saying, he resolved firmly 
 to go on foot. Upon this both his disciples and the 
 village folk cried, " Fie, fie, this ill beseems you, besides, 
 you are unable to walk on foot."'' Then a certain 
 Valloovan* hearing all this, said, "You need not grieve. 
 Sir. Undoubtedly all these calamities have come upon 
 you, from the sin which has possessed the horse. If 
 you, once for all, will incur an expense and give me five 
 fanams, I will cast out and remove that sin." Reflecting, 
 that " if one fears expense, business cannot he done," they 
 consented to give the money, and told him to cast out 
 the sin. 
 
 Then the Valloovan, in order to deceive them, per- 
 formed several ceremonies, plucked some green leaves, 
 sprinkled them over the horse, screamed out, "Moona! 
 moona! ah! oh!'" And having performed circumgy- 
 rations round him, he came thrice to the right, and 
 after patting and stroking the horse from the tail to 
 
 * See the word 0\J OvT <5^0 <3\J c5br in the Vocabulary.
 
 87 
 
 the head, seized hold of the single ear. "In this very 
 ear/' said he, "all the sin is lodged. It was in order to 
 cast out such a sin as this, that the other ear was here- 
 tofore cut off. Now, if we cut off this also, the sin of 
 the present day will be suppressed and stayed.'' With 
 this, having sharpened a chopper, they cut off the ear, 
 and in a trice bore it to a distance, in order that the sin 
 might not attach to any one. They then dug a deep pit, 
 buried it, and covering it with earth, placed a mark there 
 and came away. As all that day was consumed, on the 
 following morning they departed, and after having suffered 
 much trouble arrived at the Mattam.
 
 SIXTH STORY. 
 
 OF THE BRAHMAN'S PROPHECY 
 
 After their arrival at the convent, the Gooroo was 
 very much out of spirits. The gift-horse was a very 
 defective horse, yet it was a great happiness to him that 
 it had come without purchase; still, however, harping 
 and harping upon the sorrows and misfortunes which had 
 happened on the road on account of the horse, he con- 
 tinued to suffer great anxiety of mind : so, assembling his 
 disciples, he began to give them divers sage counsels. 
 " Brethren, I perceive every day more and more, that all 
 the pleasures of the world are false pleasures. Good 
 unmixed with evil, a sweet unmixed with bitter, and joy 
 unmixed with sorrow, are here unattainable. Alas ! alas ! 
 were we not greatly delighted, that, through civility, we 
 had obtained a horse without paying for him? Ye have 
 witnessed the sad misfortunes which visited us, and, on 
 that very day, immediately followed this good fortune. 
 Must we swallow so much bitterness, in licking up one 
 drop of honey ? Ah ! even the grain of fme rice* is 
 
 * e= rr OnS Q rg C5\3 c:^2/> is a superior kind of rice.
 
 89 
 
 within its husk, and to fruits* of every kind there is a 
 skin and a stone.-f All this is indeed true; nevertheless, 
 the evil which I have endured within the space of one 
 day is extreme. It is certainly not befitting me to go 
 about riding on horseback. Shall I have the audacity to 
 go in opposition to the destiny above? No, no. It will 
 be proper, then, hereafter to send the horse back again/' 
 To this all the disciples with one accord replied, *'This 
 must not be ; this must not be. Do not talk so, Sir. Is 
 this a horse which you have purchased ? Is this a horse 
 which we have sought.'^ No indeed, it is a horse which 
 came of itself, as a providential assistance ; did it not ? If we 
 send it back, it will be to go in opposition to the divine 
 will ; will this be proper? This will, indeed, be a sin. Sir. 
 Besides this, there is nothing to excite alarm, now that 
 that Valloovan has cast out the sin which had got pos- 
 session of the horse." 
 
 By their stating at large, this, as well as many other 
 reasons, the Gooroo himself having recovered his spirits, 
 said, "Be it according as you have said; however, in 
 order that the mishap which we met with the other day, 
 may not occur in future, it will not do to turn the horse 
 out to feed at night, but we must positively keep him tied 
 
 * In the acceptation of the word K" (5UP, fruits, nuts of different sorts 
 and plantains are not included ; so that the saying is precisely true in 
 the original, though not in the translation. 
 
 t In two cabs of dates there is one cab of stones and more. 
 
 A Hebrew Proverb. 
 
 N
 
 90 
 
 up in-doors, and I do not know of any place for that 
 purpose.'"' Then, said Simpleton, " What need of con- 
 sideration for this ? I will go now directly and cut some 
 Banian branches, and bring them, and in a moment I 
 will construct a neat stable up in the corner." 
 
 The instant that he spoke, he set out, and ascending 
 a large spreading Banian tree which was by the road side, 
 he be^an to cut* with an axe a straight branch which 
 projected. He, however, stood at the end, and chopped 
 the part next the trunk ; which a Brahman traveller who 
 was coming along the road having perceived, cried out, 
 " Ho! brother,-j- do not stand in this manner, you yourself 
 will fall together with the branch." To this he replied, 
 '' Comest thou with this evil boding to me?" With that 
 he hurled at the Brahman a knife which he kept sheathed 
 at his waist. Whilst the other thinking, " Let this fool 
 learn by suffering," retreated and made his escape. 
 
 * This adventure will remind the reader of that admirable stroke of 
 satire in Hogarth's engraving of an Election : where a foolish fellow sits 
 at the extremity of the Crown sign-post, and saws the portion on which 
 he is supported. Our Author wrote before Hogarth's time, but the idea 
 is very ancient; for, as I learn from an eminent Sanskrit Scholar, it is 
 contained in an anecdote related of Kalidasa. 
 
 t The terms 5L| U-J LU (^br, a father; 5L| '_LJ LJ (5^? a father; aj LO 
 LD n" OVT, a mother ; 5" LD iS, a younger brother, 8cc. are frequently 
 used, in familiar address, among persons who are not related to each 
 other; for the Tamuls follow the rule of Erasmus, " Senes, ignotos 
 adolescentulos filiorum cognomento salutant ; adolescentes vicissim illos 
 patres aut Dominos." In Greek, this idiom is common : thus, 'E^ avXag 
 u) fxa-eo ; Tlieocrit.-^ and it is probably to be found in all languages.
 
 91 
 
 As for Simpleton, he chopped away, still standing in 
 the same manner in which he had stood before, so that 
 when the wood was more than lialf cut through, it broke, 
 and he himself fell down with it. "Am! am! ma!" ex- 
 claimed he, "that Brahman is a great Shastri, a mighty 
 Prophet, it has happened just as he predicted/' So 
 saying, he quickly rose up, and ran to overtake the 
 Brahman. This latter, perceiving him running all on a 
 sudden towards him, stood in terror, doubting what this 
 senseless wild beast might do. Simpleton, approaching, 
 made him a reverence, and said, " Sir, you are a great 
 Shastri, pray prophecy for me yet once more; I am a 
 disciple of the Gooroo Noodle, for whom I have a great 
 affection. As he is of a decrepid age, I am fearful that 
 he w^ill die in the course of a short time. Do pray now, 
 for my comfort, tell me at what period his end will be, 
 and what will be the signs that will appear previously 
 to it." 
 
 The Brahman in order to effect his escape, made various 
 excuses ; but, as the other would not quit him, he at last 
 said, ''' Asanam sKitam fivana nasham." "What is this Sir.^^ 
 pray tell me its meaning," asked the other importunately. 
 The Brahman replied, " On whatsoever day your Gooroo's 
 posteriors shall become cold, it will be a sign that his 
 death is at hand." 
 
 So Simpleton, having made obeisance,* departed, and 
 dragging the branch which he had cut to the Mattam, 
 
 * Obeisance, rg LD ^TO U^ rr T lX). See Dubois' Work, page 207- 
 
 N 2
 
 92 
 
 related circumstantially all the particulars that had 
 passed. The Gooroo upon this was very sorrowful, and 
 thus spoke. '' It cannot be asserted that the said 
 Brahman is not a great Shastri, for every thing imme- 
 diately happened to thee, exactly as he had foretold. 
 In like manner, the prophecy which he has pronounced 
 and sent to me, must be infallible. Asanam shltam 
 fivana nasham, is a true saying. For the future, great 
 care will be requisite : my feet* must never be washed, 
 and for the rest — God's will be done.'' 
 
 * The force of this expression has been already adverted to. The 
 literal meaning of the words would be inapplicable, but the iinpliecl 
 sense has direct reference to the Prophecy.
 
 SEVENTH STORY. 
 
 OF FALLING OFF THE HORSE. 
 
 Atter the circumspection, which has been mentioned, 
 had been for some time used, they set out upon a tour 
 from village to village; impelled by the consideration, 
 that should they travel around the district, the disciples 
 might collect their money, but that in the Mattam no 
 income could be realized. 
 
 One day, when they were on their return to the Mattam, 
 as the Gooroo was jogging along on horseback, his turban 
 happened to fall off behind him, in consequence of 
 encountering the branch of a tree which hung down- 
 wards.* Thinking that the disciples had picked it up, 
 after he had travelled on quietly for a considerable dis- 
 tance, he asked them, " Where is my turban ? please to 
 
 * The roads, in India, are not unfrequently lined with Banian trees, 
 whose wide spreading boughs, covered with thick fohage, aftbrd a 
 welcome shade to the traveller. From these boughs, the largest and 
 lowest of which are horizontal, numerous roots are suspended, which in 
 time reach the ground and become new trunks. They may with truth 
 be said to hang downwards ; an expression, which would scarcely apply 
 to the bough of any other tree.
 
 94 
 
 give it me/' They replied, " It is yonder, and probably 
 lies on the spot where it fell/' Upon which he grew 
 angry, and said, " Is it not necessary to pick up every 
 thing that hath fallen?'"' So Idiot immediately ran off, 
 and as he was bringing along the fallen turban which he 
 had picked up, he placed in it some dung loosely 
 evacuated by the horse (for he had been feeding on the 
 commons, upon grass that was green in consequence of 
 some showers of rain which had fallen that night), and 
 delivered it into the Gooroo's hand. 
 
 He then became exceedingly enraged, crying out, 
 " Fie fie/' To this they all with one accord, replied, 
 *' How is this. Sir ? Did you not deliver your instructions 
 before, saying, that every thing which fell was to be 
 picked up ; and now, because Idiot acts according to 
 those instructions, you fly into a passion; wherefore is 
 this?" As for the Gooroo, he rephed, " Not so. There 
 are some things which it is proper to pick up, and others 
 which it is improper to pick up. You should act with 
 some shew of sagacity." To this they replied, " We are 
 not men so clever as all that." So they requested that he 
 would write down, separately, such things only as they 
 were required to pick up, and these he wrote accordingly. 
 
 After this, in travelling along, the ground being slippery 
 and wet, the lame horse, which tottered as it went, tripped 
 and fell down, and the Gooroo tumbling head downwards 
 and feet upwards into a large hole which was near, roared 
 out for help, and cried, " Pray run and pick me out." 
 The disciples ran to him, and one of them taking out the
 
 95 
 
 cadjan,* which he had before written and given to them, 
 began to read thus : " To pick up a fallen turban-f- — to 
 pick up a fallen waist-cloth and short cloth — to pick up 
 a fallen jacket and drawers." Thus the Gooroo lay there 
 
 * A name, probably of Portuguese origin, used by Europeans at Madras 
 to signify the leaf of the Pahnyra tree. (Sec the word 6^ 2/(7>o in the 
 Vocabulary.) The languages of Southern India are usually written, or 
 rather engraved, on this material. 
 
 f The articles of clothing (2 — (P LJ l_j) among the Tamuls are 
 few and simple ; though their names, some of which are synonymous, 
 and others expressive of differences in manufacture, colour and other 
 circumstances, are extremely numerous. It seems probable, that an- 
 ciently they wore no sewn garments, and that the jackets now so much 
 in use among the higher classes of citizens, and the boddices worn by 
 dancing women, as well as females of the higher orders, were introduced 
 by the Mussulmans on their conquest of the country. To this day, 
 those who, residing far from towns, and following rural occupations, are 
 less disturbed in their observance of the customs of their ancestors, 
 wear none but long unsewn cloths, in the precise state in which they 
 come from the loom ; and in none of the Ancient Sculptures of 
 Southern India, are either jackets or boddices to be found, the men 
 or gods being represented naked, and the women being furnished with 
 a broad ornamented belt, which passes horizontally across the breasts 
 and under the arms. The turban is likewise of modern introduction 
 and partial use ; Brahmans, with the exception of those who hold 
 official situations, seldom wear it, and many other classes, more es- 
 pecially in the country, go bare-headed even in the hottest weather. 
 The genuine dress of the men, therefore, consists of the G cH" r" ld 
 (SOTT LD, a cloth which delicacy absolutely demands, and Avhich is 
 the only covering worn by the labouring classes — the G f^ '^ LD (jbTj 
 a cloth of 8 cubits in length, which is passed several times around the 
 waist and between the legs, thus entirely covering the lower half of.
 
 96 
 
 naked, while the}' went over each article, one by one, 
 according as it was read out, and notwithstanding all 
 his entreaty and all his rage, because this was not written 
 in the cadjan, they persevered in refusal, saying, " Sir, 
 where is it written that you are to be picked up ? shew us. 
 We will do exactly according to what is written ; but we 
 will never consent to do that which is not written/' He, 
 perceiving their obstinacy and seeing no other way of 
 
 the person — the Q C5\J P.Q. 'LQ-? a cloth, of 4 four cubits length, which 
 is usually carried over one of the shoulders and is occasionally used to 
 cover the head — the ^ Cj \-J'l-Q.i a cloth, of from 19 to 20 cubits, 
 which envelops the upper part of the person. Perhaps the ^(7>oa\5 La LD, 
 a sort of short trowsers reaching half way down the thigh, and worn 
 by soldiers and athletae, may be also of ancient origin. To these we 
 may annex the modem additions, of the 5" Sytro lj I — I n~, or turban, of 
 30 cubits length — the 9= Lb S2) Lr3, or linen vest, which fits the body in 
 the upper part and has a full skirt, and the 2 — 02) L=i, or trowsers worn 
 by dancers. 
 
 The true dress of the women is a single cloth of 14 cubits in length, 
 calfed Q (5= 2/0\!) or M L^ 22) (5\J- By dexterity in the art of wrapping 
 this around the waist, and bringing the end over the shoulder, the 
 females in India form as elegant and modest a dress as that made with 
 so much labour, and adjusted with so much art, by the fair sex in 
 Europe. The use of the needle and scissars, therefore, which some 
 seem so anxious at the present time to teach them, would prove at best 
 but a needless art. It might even be morally hurtful, because those ad- 
 ditional articles of clothing which require to be made up, are principally 
 used by courtezans, and those whose subsistence depends on decoration 
 of person. These wear, under the m1-=JS2)0\J, the 0~(5H^a2)^j 
 or boddice, already observed to be of Mussulman origin, and the 
 2 S2; L~ii which arc loose drawers or trowsers.
 
 97 
 
 escape, took a cadjan and a stile, and wrote, in the 
 place where he was lying, " And if I fall you are to pick 
 me up/' 
 
 His disciples, when they saw what was written, all, 
 with one accord went and picked him up. As his body 
 was entirely covered with mud, because there was muck 
 in the hollow into which he had fallen, they washed him 
 in some water which was at hand ; and, afterwards, 
 having put on all his clothes as before, they seated him 
 on the horse and conveyed him to the Mattam.
 
 EIGHTH STORY. 
 
 OF THE INTERMENT OF THE GOOROO. 
 
 From the great alarm and bustle, on the occasion 
 when he fell and lay in the hole, no one called to mind 
 the prophecy which the Brahman had previously made. 
 It was only after having again mounted on horseback, 
 that the Gooroo himself, perceiving that his posteriors 
 were cold, grew sorrowful. Nevertheless, he refrained 
 from saying any thing, until their arrival at the Mattam. 
 
 Owing to the shock of falling at his decrepit age, he 
 could obtain no sleep that night, but tossed about rest- 
 lessly, and suffered great tribulation from the thoughts 
 of the above-mentioned prophecy. Not allowing himself 
 to suppose, that the pain which agitated his frame and 
 caused his restlessness, arose from the fall from the 
 horse into the pit ; he was confirmed in the notion, that 
 it doubtless all proceeded from his approaching death, 
 occasioned by the coldness of his rump. With this 
 thought he was distracted and terrified within himself 
 during the whole night, and unable to close his eyes even 
 for a single instant, he groaned frequently, and, urged 
 by the unsettled state of his mind, he afterwards at break 
 of day sent for his disciples. 
 
 On their coming to see him, they were greatly alarmed 
 to perceive, that his countenance was changed ; that his
 
 99 
 
 two eyes had sunk in their sockets; that his face was 
 withered and shrivelled, and that over it there was a pale 
 hue mixed with brown; that his mouth was widiout 
 moisture; his speech confused, and that he stared as it 
 were upon vacancy. Then, fetching a deep groan, he 
 exclaimed, " O ! my brethren, place me in the sepulchre 
 and perform the rites of burial to my corpse/' " How 
 is that. Sir?" demanded they in terror. "How is that!'' 
 replied the Gooroo, '*have ye then forgotten the words, 
 Asanam sh~itam fivana niisham. In the pit, into which I 
 fell yesterday, there was much water and mud, in con- 
 sequence of which my rump became wet. Never- 
 theless, owing to the mishap which then took place, this did 
 not occur to me. I afterwards perceived that my pos- 
 teriors were very cold, and I thought upon the shaster 
 which the Brahman had pronounced. Accordingly, I 
 have experienced pain of body and uneasiness during the 
 whole night, nor have I obtained the least sleep, so that 
 I am become fully sensible that my death is approaching. 
 Further deliberation is needless, ye will speedily prepare 
 for my interment." 
 
 They too, on thinking of that augury, were terrified ; 
 but although terrified,* they did not disclose, but sup- 
 
 * SLI «^ gP" c52) & ^ ONTT «L| '^ G^ c22) QO/ LD, thdj were terrifiedj 
 hut although terrified. This repetition, though somewhat redundant, 
 adds force to the disjunction. Thus also in the following passage : 
 'Opit^Cj (PpovHg filv iv, (})povov(Ta S', ov OiXtig 
 HaT^ag t bvi]aai, kcu gov tKCfojaai (5iov. 
 
 Eurip. Hippolytus, line 313, 314. 
 
 o 2
 
 100 
 
 pressed their inward alarm, and administered every species 
 of consolation in order to tranquillize the Gooroo's mind. 
 Perceiving, that notwithstanding all that they could say, 
 the tribulation of his mind was not appeased, they sent 
 for one named Asangadan (the mocker), the son of 
 Achedanamoorti (the irrational), who had formerly been 
 the soothsayer of the village, and took him to cast out the 
 evil spirit which possessed their Gooroo, and to comfort 
 his mind. After he had heard all the circumstances 
 which had previously occurred, Asangadan came, and, 
 with eyes, mouth and nose, convulsed (by his grimaces), 
 demanded, " What is the matter with you. Sir? Say, what 
 ailment has come upon you, what pain, what grief, what 
 affliction? My Gooroo! my Master! my Father!" To 
 all this the Gooroo made no other answer, except the 
 sentence, Asanam slfitam fivana nasham. Then the other 
 replied, "Very well then, that Brahman has asserted, 
 forsooth, that a coldness of your rump will be your 
 destruction, and I will cause the heat of his rump to be 
 his destruction. Point me out that Brahman, I will 
 perform rice-beater Poojei* upon him, and thus cast out 
 and put an end to all the evil which has happened 
 through his means. Point him out immediately, point 
 him out/' 
 
 '* Is there,'' said the Gooroo, " such a poojei, as rice- 
 beater poojei ? I have never seen or heard of such a 
 poojei ; tell me what it is." To this, Asangadan began 
 
 * See the word LJq 03/ f5= in the Vocahulary.
 
 101 
 
 to reply, saying, "This sort of poojei is certainly a 
 poojei which is not to be found among the Oodsameiyams,* 
 or Poorrachchameiyans. Listen attentively. 
 
 "There was a merchant-f- who was a great worshipper 
 of Shivan ; and who, from his desire to give food daily 
 to PandaramSjJ used to invite them to a meal wherever 
 he met them. He had no children, and as for the wife 
 whom he had married, § it being a great plague to her to 
 dress and serve rice in this manner daily for one or two 
 Pandarams, her husband's way of going on was by no 
 means agreeable to her; nevertheless, as she knew that 
 if she said any thing to her husband on this subject he 
 would not brook it, she hit upon a stratagem. One day. 
 
 * See the words 2 Li e= ^2) LD LU LD and \—\^B^B=Q^LDiULD 
 
 in the Vocabulary. 
 
 t The Brahmans hold, that of the four castes, namely, Brahmans, 
 Warriors, Merchants and Cultivators, only the first and last remain in 
 the present age, or Kaliyoogam. Those, however, who hereditarily follow 
 commerce maintain, as might be expected, a contrary doctrine, and 
 assert themselves to be true G^ <5\J ^' lu 'f', or Merchants. There 
 are, according to native authority, three distinct occupations, 0\J ^ 
 UJ & GP" dr G ST rr yPa\5, allotted to this general caste. 1st, G ^ ^ ^ 
 ■05 2/^JVT 55" ^ rr ^ g- <j\d, guarding or keeping cattle. 2nd, LD n" Lj 
 
 Q LJ IT ^ avf^ M ov?, to exercise commerce. 3rd, 6r & ^ Q^ rr 
 
 y? 0X3 Qu^u^ 0\5, following agricultural labour. 
 
 % An account of the Pandarams will be found in the Abbe Dubois' 
 Work, page 66, 
 
 § LiteraUy, whom he had bought.
 
 102 
 
 the merchant being in the bazar, he called a Pandaram* 
 whom he met and said to him, ' Sir, I mean to distribute 
 alms in my house to-day ;' and, as the other accepted the 
 invitation, he added, *I am busy in the bazar just now; 
 do you yourself go to my house, give notice to my wife, 
 and wait until I arrive/ The Pandaram went away 
 blitheh", and delivered tlie merchant's message to his wife. 
 To this she, perceiving that he was one who had never 
 been there before, replied, 'Very well; please, Sir, to 
 remain here/ So saying, she spread a mat upon the 
 bench of the house. She then immediately proceeded to 
 sweep the court thoroughly, sprinkled it every where with 
 cow dung, purified her feet and hands, and then with 
 much solemnity took in her hands the beater-f- for pound- 
 ins rice. She then rubbed it all over with ashes, and 
 
 * Les riches idolatres s'estiment heureux et cro3^ent que leur maisons 
 sont remplies des benedictions du ciel, lorsq'ils ont pour botes quel- 
 ques-uns de ces Faquirs, qu'ils bonorent d'autant plus qu'ils font 
 plus d'auteritez. 
 
 Tavernier. Voyages, 1676, Paris, Partie 2nde, Ch. vi. 
 
 t To deprive the rice of its busk, which is a domestic office assigned 
 
 to the females of the family, a long pestle (2 cr\5 ^ 62) &y)^ or rather 
 
 staff, made of ebony or some other heavy wood, and shod with iron, is em- 
 ployed. The rice called, when in the busk, Paddy (24 rf^ ^), is collected 
 into a heap upon a hardened floor, or sometimes in a hollow in the ground, 
 and two women usually work together. They stand opposite to one another 
 with the heap between them, and each receives and raises the instrument 
 with the left band, and then forces it down again violently with the
 
 103 
 
 having smeared herself also, laid the rice-beater iu the 
 middle of the court, and prostrating herself three times 
 before it, muttered some incantations. When she had 
 pronounced these, she wiped the rice-beater again, and 
 placed it where it had been before. The Pandaram, who 
 had been watching all this, was greatly astonished, and 
 said, ' I have now witnessed wonders which I never 
 to this day beheld. Pray, Dame, what sort of poojei is 
 this?' To this . she replied, 'This is a kind of poojei 
 peculiar to the deity of our caste.' She added, speaking 
 in a low tone, as if talking to herself, ' You will hereafter 
 understand it well ; for, on your going to enter the house. 
 
 right, giving it a slight inclination forwards, so that it may easily be 
 caught by the left hand of the opposite party. As the rice becomes 
 dispersed, it is pushed back into the centre with their left feet, causing a 
 side movement ; whence results a constant though slow revolution around 
 the heap. This work, as indeed every other kind in India, which is 
 performed by more than one person, and admits of adaptation to musical 
 measure, is accompanied by a song. 
 
 From a consideration of the above custom, it seems to me not unlikely, 
 that the operation referred to in the following passage of the Proverbs, 
 ch. xxvii. 22, may have been that of clearing grain of the outer husk, 
 and not that of pounding it into flour: "Though thou shouldest bray 
 a fool in a mortar, among wheat with a pestle, yet will not his fool- 
 ishness depart from him." Which may mean, "Though you should 
 endeavour to separate him from his follies, as you separate wheat from 
 its husk, by pounding, 3'ou would not succeed." This explanation seems 
 the more probable, from the frequent allusion throughout the Scriptures 
 to grinding wheat in mills, which were undoubtedly of the same 
 kind as the hand mills used in India. Vide Exod. xi. 5, Judges xvi. 21, 
 Matt. xxiv. 41, Isa. xlvii. 2.
 
 104 
 
 it will be completed* on your head/ Although she thus 
 spoke, yet just as she intended, it caught the Pandaram's 
 ear. *Have I not providentially escaped with my life,* 
 thouofht he : so as soon as the merchant- woman had 
 entered into the house, without making a noise, he effected 
 his escape. No sooner was he gone, than the merchant 
 came, 'Where, hussey, is the Pandaram whom I sent?' 
 demanded he. She replied, ' He is a pretty Pandaram — 
 is he not? — whom you have sent this time. As soon as he 
 arrived he asked me to give him the rice-beater ; to 
 which I replied, the merchant will be here immediately, 
 I must not give it you without his permission; stay a 
 little. So saying, behold how I spread the mat for him ; 
 but he, w^ithout listening to me, instantly broke away."* 
 The merchant answered, ' Not so, hussey, whatever Pan- 
 darams may ask, you have my consent to give them/ 
 So saying, he took the rice-beater in his hand, and went 
 out in the street to seek the Pandaram and give it him. 
 The Pandaram, in order to see the end of the affair which 
 was about to happen, remained crouched in an alley in 
 the street, and when he spied the merchant coming with 
 his rice-beater, ' See, see, he is coming to close the poojei 
 upon my head/ thought he, and so he took to his heels. 
 The merchant too, ran in pursuit of him, crying out, 
 ' Pandaram, Pandaram/ while he encreased his speed 
 
 * 2 obr A9 2ymD QldQo\d (^^ ^ u_| ld, it will be completed on 
 
 your head. TiXtvTuaeTai n kuivov dofxoig, Something new will be com- 
 pleted in your family. Eurip.
 
 105 
 
 more and more ; till, in the end, the merchant unable to 
 run any longer in consequence of being advanced in age, 
 and having a pot belly, returned to his own house. Such 
 is rice-bealer poojei, and destruction will no more come 
 upon you, Sir, than will the Brahman's posteriors become 
 heated, if I accomplish it upon his back." 
 
 Upon this the Gooroo Noodle laughed, and said, " It 
 is with reason that they call you Asangadan (the mocker), 
 for you are always cracking your jokes." The other 
 perceiving that the Gooroo laughed, left off banter and 
 again took up the discourse. '* Sir, the words which the 
 Brahman spoke are according to truth, indeed ; but it is 
 necessary to understand the meaning of them rightly. 
 True it is, that if a coldness be perceived in the pos- 
 teriors, it is a sign of death; but it will be as he asserted, 
 only when the rump grows cold without any extraneous 
 cause. You fell into water and mire : if upon this your 
 posteriors became cold, is it any great wonder? It 
 would in that case be a wonder if they did not grow 
 cold. Now, therefore, abandon this chagrin. For the 
 future, if, without sitting down in mire, or falling into 
 the water, or without any other extraneous cause, you 
 j)erceive the Asanam shltam, then you may infer that the 
 fivana nasham is nigh at hand. Except in so far, all else. 
 Sir, is nonsense." What Asangadan said, penetrated into 
 the Gooroo's mind, and it appeared to him like reason ; 
 therefore, having brightened up a little, he arose, and began 
 to eat, and to talk, and to go about from place to place. 
 
 p
 
 106 
 
 After but a very few days had in this manner passed, 
 one night, during his sleep, there fell incessantly a heavy 
 shower of rain. In consequence of this, a dripping of 
 water from the roof fell upon the Gooroo's bed, directly 
 close to his posteriors; notwithstanding which, it was 
 unknown to him from his being asleep. After the rain, 
 and with it the dripping, had ceased, the Gooroo having 
 rolled in his sleep, lay slumbering with his rump imme- 
 diately upon the wet which had fallen. By the coldness 
 thus produced, he suddenly awoke; and perceiving that 
 his rump was exceedingly cold, he became convinced 
 that now there was no extraneous cause Avhatever to 
 produce the cold, and that the period of his death was 
 
 arrived. 
 
 The disciples, also, without perceiving any external 
 origin for the coldness, supposed that even the cold- 
 ness of the bed proceeded from the frigidity of the 
 Gooroo's rump, and thought, therefore, that this was the 
 time of the fulfilment of the Prophecy. The people of 
 his caste, also, who came to visit him, as they were 
 possessed of about as much sense as themselves, coincided 
 in all that was said : while the Gooroo uttered no other 
 answer to those who came, but, " Now, without failure, 
 Asanain shltani fivana nasham.'* 
 
 Unable to sustain the encreased depression of spirits, 
 and the diminution of bodily strength, which in this 
 manner he suffered from day to day, he one day fell 
 into a swoon. Upon this they all made lamentation ;
 
 107 
 
 and placing their hands upon their heads,* began to weep 
 and to howl, crying out, "Alas! alas! he is deceased, 
 he is dead \" And, after performing the ceremonies ap- 
 pertaining to burial, they proceeded to bathe him. 
 
 For this purpose, having filled brimful of water a 
 large trough which was in the Mattam, they tossed the 
 supposed corpse into it, and having pressed him down, 
 a number of them with one accord began to rub and to 
 w^ash him. When thus washed, he recovered from the 
 swoon ; but being unable to draw breath in the water, 
 and incapable of making any signs with his hands and 
 feet, which they squeezed together, the Gooroo Noodle 
 perished, through their stupidity, by the hands of these 
 idiots. 
 
 Upon this, a great multitude having assembled, they 
 placed him in a sitting posture in a htter adorned 
 with flowers, and raising him up, they crowded together 
 before, behind, and at the sides. Whilst his disciples 
 came and carried him along, chanting thus, Asanam 
 shltani jlvana luisham ; and, having placed him in the 
 grave, they buried him. 
 
 * This method of shewing affliction was customary among the Jews : 
 thus, " And Tainar put ashes on her head, and rent her garment of 
 divers colours that was on her, and laid her hand on her head, and went 
 on crying." 2 Sam. xiii. 19. See also Jerem. ii. 37. 
 
 P 2
 
 VOCABULARY.
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 2-', interj. expressive of admiration. 
 
 One of the indicative letters (g? Lb G u^ O? g- ^)> 
 being the contracted form of the demonstrative pro- 
 noun, siirBS"- Used in composition as alpha privativa. 
 Anderson's Grammar, Part 1 of Section 60. 
 
 sy ^, interj. expressive of admiration. 
 
 SL| 6hy interj. expressive of mystery. 
 
 2L| 05 LJ 1— ' (p f^ AO ^ — Lb G L=i d^ — O Q (Tu obr, V. n. {com- 
 pounded of 24u^ LD, the interior, and lj (5^ er ao S/', to 
 undergo), to be laid hold of, to be taken, to be 
 found, to come into possession. A. G. Sect. 107. 
 
 ^Ut&i sub. what is interior, the belly. 
 
 aj(S^n-/TLO, sub. {^X) horror, fierceness, fervency, 
 vehemence of the wind — of a fever. 
 
 24 ^^(y^, sub. i^ff^:) fire, the god of fire; who is 
 also the guardian of the S.E. quarter. 
 
 2y/i^^avtn-LLJSr0v'A9 ^ — Lu gr G s" OT — Lu lIj G L-' jbr, 
 V. n. to be straitened, to be in distress, to be 
 afflicted, to shew great sorrow or compassion.
 
 112 
 
 2L| n^Gsr, adv. there, thither. 
 
 24 e= o^ w ©• LD, sub. (3{ privative, and ^Jl"rf) falsity, de- 
 rision, disdain, contempt. 
 
 2j B= rk/ ^ g- (5br, s?/6. a mocker, a derider. 
 
 SLI F= (TOT LD, si/Z;. ( 3{S[[5T ) food, nourishment, a meal. 
 
 2j gc rr o" LO, written better, ^ e= rr cr ld, sw6. ( 3n^TT ) 
 custom, fashion, politeness, urbanity. 
 
 ^^02)^, sub. (3fF5[T) suspicion, envy. 
 
 ^Qb^^o^ld, sub. ( :3f privative, and T^rt^iT ) ii'rationality, 
 folly. 
 
 24 22) e= ^ A9 ^' — 22) ^ r5 G 5" o^ — S2 ^ G a\J otjr, v. n. to 
 shake, to move, to stir; Lat. labare. 
 
 24 $S) ^ ^ ^ A9 ^ — 52) (^ gr G 5" obr — 02 e= lj G lj out, v. a. 
 to shake, to move, to jog; Zg^. labefacere. 
 
 ^^^ ^ LD IT c^ LD, sub. ( 3ff rf: ) the setting of the 
 heavenly bodies, especially the sun : the evening. 
 
 2j2A3 5-5-L^^^A9^ — u5^srG5"at7r — lcJ^ljG LJotTr, t^. ?z. 
 the sun to set, 
 
 S24 '^ Bf , written better, ^ g5 S/j «^'- five ; marked thus, (^. 
 
 ^"W^^ ^ S> — ^ G 0^ obr — g? G <7vj obr, t^. /z. and «. to 
 fear, governs a dative: as, Qu^ rr crxs ^\^^j^w Q^ 
 (7\jd-^E5-<^e=n-^, '' The church cat fears not the 
 gods/' A Proverb : corresponding with, " Famili- 
 arity breeds contempt.'' 
 
 sii «^ '^ n- LU LD, sub. (3f privative, and J^T^ ) injustice, 
 imposition, wrong, impropriety. 
 
 syi^^^/v}^ — ^^Gc^^obr — S'©Go\jatjr, t'. o. to cover 
 up, to bury, to include, to conceal, to restrain.
 
 113 
 
 ^L^n-, interj, of address to inferiors; more especially 
 in expression of anger or contempt, fellow ! sirrah! 
 
 2L| I 9 : suh. a stroke, a blow ; '^ 13 s" i—q., five blows. A 
 
 foot; synonymous with m nr d^: thus, ^^ q. ^1 6^f^ 
 
 05^ A9^, to prostrate one's self at the feet, to wor- 
 ship any one. A footstep; — with 6t & u; ^ /v) ^, 
 to watch footsteps; — with lS'i—q.^ ss^aq S7» to de- 
 tect footsteps : ihuSf oyj r^ g- ^ ovt ovt cur 1 9 (2lu 
 (5^ ^ K- LJ G L_J rr, go and watch the footsteps of the 
 robber who is come : the person returning says, 
 
 2L| L_Q. 03) LU LJ L? L—T^L 5" G S" OtTT, I foiHld OUt Or 
 
 traced his footsteps. A shoe: as, li5^^lu' q., a 
 
 sandal; the sole of a shoe: «.s', @r5^e=Gf5=e:5LJ 
 
 M ^ G ^ 5" 5" SAHTT LU L—Q. G 1^ n- M_Q. (Tp ^ © ^. how 
 
 many soles, or rather layers of sole, are there in these 
 sandals.^ A foot measure: thus, ld^ ^lu rr our ^ 
 S^ K" G ^ BT 5" 2A^5r LU I 9 , how many feet (as mea- 
 suring the length of a man's shadow, a common 
 mode of ascertaining time in India) does it want 
 
 of noon? A pace: thus, 2^ lj l_i rr G c5V) rg rr ov> i q. 
 
 Q> LJ rr (^ (^^ (5tJr G (5^ LU 57 LJ L_i •! .^ c5br, he was 
 
 taken before he had gone four paces hence : thus 
 
 also, aji qle^ 07 u_Q., frequently, j7a6'szV?2. The foot of 
 
 a tree, the trunk : thus, 5r (5ur ^ S ld O" s" g" \ q. 
 
 G LJ rr ^ LD, the trunk of the tree is sufficient for 
 
 me; — the foot of a mountain: thus, Loa/m^Lui q.lLi 
 
 LJH_aj a town at the foot of a mountain: 2^1 9. 
 
 (5\j rr AQ LD, also signifies the foot of a mountain. 
 
 Synonymous with ^ G t=P^ under : thus, ld cr g- ^ 1 q. us 
 
 a
 
 114 
 
 (y^(r5r5Q>^cbr, I was under the tree. Synonymous with 
 
 ^ 1 , near : thus, sr obr ens & G ^ /^ cjxs* ovi l_q. us 
 
 ^ ^ (& s^', niy bouse is near the temple ; hence 
 24 L__Q. e= G (5= rf^, a suburb, i. e. a village near a city. 
 Synonymous with ^g^, the beginning: thus, *)\ \ . n w^ 
 G CJV) ^ CEP S" 05) Lu 5" ^ o\j ^ (&, commence the story 
 at the beginning; liencc q p 9 rt fk- ^tti 1 ^, signifies the 
 first shop in a market. A foundation : thus, 24 i_q. 
 G -u n- (2 L:3 c^xs- (5* cn^ O" rg g- ^, the house hath 
 fallen from its foundation. The floor of a room : thus, 
 
 sy 1 Q. iiS Qa\DLD 6m- 1 9 ^ ^ Ln ^ © ld, there will be 
 
 dirt on the floor; — sometimes the dirt itself: thus, 
 sij L_Q. f^ L^ ^ K- lij 6^ LD, suffer the dirt to remain. 
 The base of a vase : thus, i-jn-g-g^/^g-^^^ 1 9 
 G oj n- siKTu rr 557, the base does not suit the vase. 
 A base thing: thus, sii l_q. f= e= cr ^ (g, base goods. 
 A line of a stanza : thus, @r5^\Li^^rrih(^^Q^^ 
 grg)rr7n-i in 9111 <^mr (h>, how many lines are there in 
 this stanza? An interjection of famihar address to 
 females ; used especially by a husband to his wife, 
 by a father to his daughter, by a son to his mother, 
 and by women to each other ; considered indecorous, 
 however, as coming from an indifferent person. 
 
 2IJ L_^ ^ ^ AQ S>' L_Q. 5" G 5" <J^ LS:^ LJ G LJ (J^, 'V. U. tO 
 
 strike ; used metaphorically with ld 02) l^> rain, to 
 rain; — with ^rr ^njj, wind, to blow; — with 9=rri^^, 
 evidence, to cite a witness. To slay (not with a 
 sword but) with a club : thus, ^ La oS) 1^ lu L-j;i g- 
 g- IT OUT, he slew the goat. In this sense the compound
 
 115 
 
 verb ^ l_:;l grsyiljGL-in-S'^AOS^ is often used. 
 2j I Q ^ ^UJQ^ rr oVt o^t^ ^ /v) ^, to beat one's self ; 
 also to wrangle Avitli another; in which latter sense it 
 governs an ablative in ^ (^ : thus, 6r (5br G .^19 G lt) lu 
 L_Q. g- ^ ^ G ^ ^ C3VT ovT- H" G 5", do not wrangle with 
 me. 2ijL_i?.s'syc5xS'(^^/v}gy, to cast one's self on 
 the ground through excess of grief. 
 
 21j l—Q, LU L_J 6^ e^ /V) SV 1— J Li:! G Ln OT — S" G O^ OT, V. p. tO 
 
 be beaten. 
 
 SLl (B" ^ ^ rr Cj Q LJ rr Q ov, i^sefZ adverbialli/ : comp. of 
 aj (5^ ^ ^ n- av>, conjunct, form from aj (5* ^ ^^v? ^, to 
 be near, and G lj rr G c^> 5'- "J^- near, as if touching. 
 A. G. Part 2 of Sect. 100. 
 
 SL| ©^ LJ M> sub. an oblong hole in the ground to contain 
 a fire for cuhnarj purposes, a stove, an oven, a forge. 
 
 «LI22)L3^^ sy — 52) L3 r^ G 5" CjtJT — 52)LznGovjabr, V. a. and n. 
 to obtain, to get; to resort to; to be enclosed. 
 
 ^^^{^Ui^ AQ 5jy — 02) L=] S" G S" OT — 02) Ln L-j' G i-J5br , i?. «. 
 to close, to stop up, to shut in, to lock up. 
 
 «L|02)l-=i^^^^^A9 ^ — ^ T^ Q^ OT — 5> rr LJ G I— i c5br, 
 
 V. a. to sit on (eggs), to hatch. 
 aj 02) La Lu rr ovT LD, s?//>. a mark, a sign ; we/opA. a proof. 
 24 6my ^ ^ ^ — ^ G c5^ (5^57 — S G (5^ cjtjT, f . ?i. to draw 
 
 near, to approach. 
 «L| 2ARr?yr ^ ^ /v} gy — s/^y^s^ 5" G S" ot — S/ttocttlj G L_'(5tjr, t'. </. 
 
 to unite, to embrace ; to quench, to extinguish. 
 
 «Li 6C?OT (p ^ AQ 65/ — i Q G g^ (5^ — ©^ G (Ti-i (?^j ^'- "• to ap- 
 proach. 
 24 6mjr 02) Ln, s?/^. vicinity, proximity; adj. near. 
 
 a 2
 
 116 
 
 2^ ^ Lb © ^ /V) fs; — 'LO- Q O^ Gbr— Ja & Q o^ c^br, v. a. to 
 reprimand, lo rebuke, to hoot at. 
 
 sij ^ 05 LD, adj. ( 3ff?f^ ) more, larger, very large ; used 
 adverhialhj, more. A. G. Part o of Sect. 151. 
 
 sLI^^LDs^^LDrre^-, adv. more and more. 
 
 ^^^ rr ry obr, sub. ( 3ff?!|'^K^: ) one in office, in autho- 
 rity or power. 
 
 SLI g^ ^ rr ^r LD, sub. (derived as the preceding) an office 
 or duty. 
 
 24 g^ B5Tr ^\^ lId, sub. ( 3ffrT ^^^^1 c^T^: ) the early morning; 
 used advei'bialli) with the emphatic affix sr, signifies, 
 betimes, in the early morning. 
 
 2LI g^ G f?= Lu LD, sub. ( 3rfr[Sp:r: ) a wonder, a miracle, 
 admiration. 
 
 sL|g^e^^A9^ — &r3Q>W(y^ — 019 (2 o^j otTT, V. n. to trem- 
 ble, to quake, to start up. 
 
 aj ^ a- ©■ g^, written vulgarhj, 24 g^O" #= e^, sub. ( 3]V|% ) a 
 tremor, a quivering, a shock or concussion. 
 
 2;^ (TO, /oca/ ablative of the prwioim 2^'^, sometimes signifies, 
 in the mean time. 
 
 2^' S-S ^'^''^- demons, pron. n. it, that thing. A. G. Part 1 
 of Sect. 59- 
 
 2,5-5-LD, sub. (31"^*) the middle, the half. 
 
 2,' gr 5" cr rr g- ^ rp, sw6. ( 31'^IJ^: ) midnight. 
 
 2:,^ ^2jy^, adj. so many; Lat. tot, quot, tantum, quan- 
 tum ; sometimes it has the force of adeo : as, r^u_j^ 
 g- 2/Tsr LD ^2^ Ln uu G c^^? adeone stupidus es.'' 
 
 2^ S" grrij ^, sub. (3f\^g: ) evidence, proof by example.
 
 117 
 
 s^LJ^rf-^^, sub, (3Itt^t1^:, /row :3m and ^Ttf^: ) 
 disgrace, infamy. 
 
 2j L-jg-^LD, sub. (31'^^*, from ^f neg. and ^■^) vanity, 
 falsehood; a^'. vain, false. 
 
 24 (22) LJ LU LD, spelt also, 24 lj lu ld, aj ^3)cru lu ld and 
 24o\JLULD, 5z^6. a shout, a cry — usually of suppli- 
 cation for mercy or protection. 
 
 f2j lIj i_j L=] rr or a,' LJ i_i L=], interj. of admiration, of affliction. 
 
 24 LJ i_j rr or 24 LJ i_j, vocative case of ^ lj l_' (5br, used as 
 an interj. of admiration ; also as an expression of 
 good will in addressing one of inferior rank, but 
 advanced age. 
 
 24LJi_JOT, sub. a father. 
 
 2j i_U LJ rr a\5, properly a sub. comp. of 24 for 24 13 S", that, 
 a?id LJ rr (y\D, a part ; generalbj used with the emphatic 
 affix 6r, as an adv. signifying, apart, beyond, further, 
 furthermore. A. G. Parts 1 and 2 of Sect. 154. 
 
 24LJM/v:>LD, properly a sub. comp. of 24 for aj rrs g-, that, 
 and LJiAOLDi ^ part; generally used as an adv. signifying, 
 on the further side, then, further, moreover. This 
 word is perhaps derived from the Sanscrit 3fT:^ 
 opposite. A. G. Sect. 154. 
 
 f24 L£) S" sy ^ A9 ^, more correctly, 24 ld ^ s" S/ ^ aq ^ — 
 ^ 5" ^ G C5OT (5br — & ©• ^ G a\J otjr, v. a. to appease, 
 to allay, to assuage; to prepare; to seat ; to find. 
 
 24LDej^/V)^ — & r^Q^aoT — e^ (2 a^-J otyr, v. n. to settle, 
 to subside, to grow still or quiet, to be suppressed ; 
 to agree; Lat. convenire; to be found or obtained.
 
 118 
 
 G (5OT obr — ^ S G c5\j OT, t^. «. to press down, to 
 squeeze, to crush, to crowd together^ to immerse; 
 metaph. to oppress. 
 
 2.' (^ Gi" C5 S^ ^ A9 S/> '/zo^^ correctly y 224 U5^ ilp rs ^ ^ a9 S^ — 
 ^G(5^(5t3r — s^Gg\JOTj «?• ^i. to sink, to go to the 
 bottom, to be drowned. 
 
 24 Li) LD LD rr, written also, 24 ldldudldt, interj. of ad- 
 miration. 
 
 2li LD LD n- oVt, suh. a mother ; a/so a honorific affix to 
 proper names of women, as ld rp lu ld ld rr o^rr ; 
 used in the vocative as a respectful title of address to 
 any matron. 
 
 2l\ ld ld n- ^ ^ /x lDj suh. comp. of 24 for 24 rg g-, and 
 Lorr^^rrLD, quantity ; ( ^J'^ ) so much, so much 
 and no more; Lat. tantum, quantum: declined through 
 all cases. A. G. Parts 1 and 2 of Sect. 151. 
 
 24 LU LD, see ^ LU LD. 
 
 24 rf^ (Tu n- oVt, sub. a sickle, a large cutting instrument of 
 any kind. 
 
 24 (^5 ©, sub. the edge of any thing, the hem or bor- 
 der of a cloth ; vicinage, proximity of dwelling ; 
 in the last sense it is used either in the local 
 ablative or in the nominative^ with the emphatic 
 
 affix 67". 
 
 24 ccp LD i—i, sub. a bud. 
 
 2j 02)^9 sub. the middle, the waist; adj, half. 
 2^1 ov) I Jj (5" ^ /v:) ^ — 1 Q Cg^g^ — ©'Govjcjbr, v. a. to im- 
 portune, to entreat earnestly, to tease.
 
 119 
 
 21J OV) /v^ ^ A9 SJ ^^ (S (5OT OT Ag/ Q, (3\J obr, 1'. w. to Cry, 
 
 to weep aloud, to bewail. 
 
 2jqo/a\Jcro, sub. business, occupation. 
 
 2j 2/o\D, 5Z/Z;. a wave, a billow, a ripple. 
 
 24 2yo>D ^ A9 ejy — 2/o\d G5 G 5" (5br — 2/o\d (2 (yvj obr, i^. n. to un- 
 ci ulate, to fluctuate, to be unsteady or wavering. 
 
 aj oo ov) n- LD ov», negat. vineiyecli. from the defect, terb, 
 sya\5ov>; beside being, except it be. A. G. Part 3 
 of Sect. 102. 
 
 ^(f^Qav)!T, sync. for 24 crNjov? (2 (5vj rr, ^^e defect, v. 24 0x5 av), 
 with the affix e^; is it not so? no? Lat. nonne? yes! 
 yes ! A. G. Part 4 of Sect. 142 and Note. 
 
 24 (5\j EET rr e= LD, sid). (3f^^TS[T) ability, means, possi- 
 bility, leisure. 
 
 24aYj^crLD, sub. (3r^f{'^;) necessity, opportunity, haste 
 arising from necessity ; a good action ; an important 
 service. 
 
 24 c5^_j ^ Lu LD, sub. (3fcfSi;zf) infallibility, certainty, ab- 
 solute necessity ; adj. true, certain, infallible. 
 
 2j(5^^, sub. (3fTfV:) ^ boundary, a term, the fixed 
 period of life; a strait or difficulty ; Lat. angustia. 
 
 aj(5\jovT, rem. pron. demons, f. she, that woman. A. G. 
 Part 1 of Sect. 59. 
 
 24 (5\j(5br, rem. pron. demons, m. he, that man. A. G. Part 1 
 of Sect. 59. 
 
 24 (3\J G^ o\j (jov, a reduplication of the pron. 24 a\_j db? ; each 
 one, every one ; Lat. unusquisque. 
 
 24 <5^l3 O" ev" a9 ^ — C^ r5 Q>^ d^ — yi G ovj obr, v. n. to be 
 loose, to become untied, to be detached.
 
 120 
 
 SL| 6:iS LJi ^ e?^ A9 ^ — L^p 5" G S" obr — '1^ lLi (3 i_j obr, t?. a. to 
 
 untie, to loosen. 
 2^ 22) C5VJ Lu LD, see sij ^2) lj lu ld. 
 
 sLi i_p c^2/ ^ ^ SJ — bP (5^ G A9 obr — LP QO/' G o^ (5tJr, t;. n. to 
 be hot, to burn, whether naturally, or metaphorically, 
 as with anger. 
 
 5LI Lp /^ /vj/ ^ A9 ^ — ^ /vp Q OUT obr — ^ /V2/ (2 c5\J obr, t^. a. 
 to set fire to, to burn. 
 
 2^ O' ^ A9 ^ — O" G S" (5br — O' G o\-i obr, x?. w. to weep. 
 
 CLIO'S" ©J 5z/Z>. dirt, filth, ordure, moral impurity. 
 
 ^^ rj) ^EfP /v^ Sy — ^ G (5^ (5^ — S^ G o\J obr, t'. 7i. to be 
 wedged in (etre enfonce), to grow fast, firm or com- 
 pact; used adverbially in the infinitive, to imply force or 
 firmness : as, 24 O" rg ^ 6i\ 6^ r:r ^ ^ u) mJ> to rub 
 forcibly ; aj ^ 13^^^^^^^^ ^, to nail fast. 
 
 24 22) yi ^ ^ A9 sy — 22) ^^ Q's otJT — 22) yi Lj G 1-i ot, f . «. 
 to call. 
 
 2422)S=Pljl5'^^ A9^ — Li" g- G 37 obr — l^ljGi-J^j '^' causal, 
 
 to call by means of another person, to cause to call. 
 24C5VTfir', sub. a measure, a definite quantity. A. G. 
 
 Parts 1 and 3 of Sect. 151. 
 2JA9LD, sub. virtue, charity, a benefaction. 
 24 A^P e5^ A9 ^ — a:P r5 G 5" obr — /vp Q (tu jbr, ». ^^. to know, 
 
 to recognize, to understand ; to be collected. 
 24 /Y2/ ^ A9 ^ — /v) (2 A9 obr — ^AQ/ (2 (5^ (jtjT, t?. 77. to cease, to 
 
 be cut off, to be broken. 
 2Li zv^/ e^ ^ /v} ^ — AQ/ g- G 5" (5^ — mJ Lj G L-J o^j ^. «• to cut, 
 
 to break ; to complete (an account) ; to kill ; to reap ; 
 
 to pluck fruit or flowers.
 
 121 
 
 2LiAQ/r5Sy(3^^(^A9 mJ — Q (5OT o^ — G <Tu c5br, v. n. to be 
 
 cut off, to break in pieces. 
 sijA^/^sy? num. sixty; marked thus ^ ^Vtlu. 
 2L| /v^/ cyvj 'J-, deriv. sub. six persons, male or female. 
 2J 22) iY? ^ A9 sy — 22) A9 rg G 5" OT — 02) aq G ctu (5br, ?:;. a. to 
 
 slap (llie cheek), to smite, to beat home (a nail). 
 224 /2D f?= 2/^^^^ or «L| /V) ^ 2/TRrr, st/6. ( 3f^^5^ ) worship, 
 
 adoration, consecration. 
 2L| /^ ^ LD, sub. ( 3fS^: ) signification (of a word or sentence) ; 
 
 midnight ; wealth. 
 SLjiV^L-jS" l!o, sw6. (3{tT^) a wonder, a miracle, admiration. 
 ^^Q^^^ 9n_ cnS, sw^. com/;, of 24 a:p 02) A9, or/;, yrom 
 
 2ij(5brA3/, then, that day, and 5?i_onS, hire; daily 
 
 hire or wages. 
 
 SL| (5XS' ^ ivp ^ — (Ti-? CB G S" (5br — (51lS G c5^-J abr, t'. 7z. to go 
 
 out, to be extinguished. 
 sij^22/2laL=irraurLD, sub. (3f^^sn«T) ceremonies, sacrifices 
 
 and pious exercises, chiefly those of the Brahmans. 
 ^^Si^^a^LD, adv. (3fg and fl^sf) daily, everyday; 
 
 generally used with the affix 2 ld. 
 
 24 ^^ i—j <5^lS ^ 05^ a9 s^ — ens 5" G S" (5^ — (5x?Lj G i—'obr, v. a. 
 
 (3|'5=ri^) to experience, whether joy or sorrow. 
 
 24 22}/ LJ M ^ A9 ^ — 1_? G (5OT o^ — M G o^c^br, t^. o. to send, 
 
 especially a person. 
 sy G (5^ E5- LD, sub. ( 3{5Ff^) numcrousncss, abundance; adj. 
 
 many, numerous, long as applied to time. 
 24abrL_j, sub. affection, love. 
 SLfobr/vp, vineiyech. of the def. v, slion^ov, besides, syuo- 
 
 R
 
 122 
 
 lujmous with sL|0\!)av)n-(2g-, @^(5br /v:P G lu. It governs 
 a nom. or ace. ease (A. G. Part 3 of Sect. 102), and 
 used in t1i£ commeneement of a sentence with the emphatic 
 affix 6ry it signifies moreover. 
 
 £^ obr AQ/, sub. that day, on that day, then; ^ obr aq/ 
 Q^ rr\^(S'y from that day forwards. 
 
 aj0br AQ/, ^rd pers. sing, pres.from the root 2L|ov) ; it is not, 
 no ; implying particular negation. A. G. Sect. 80. 
 
 :24 fi], intejj. (317 ^) expressive of grief or compassion — 
 of admiration — of consent. 
 
 $i f^ A9 ^ — ^ Q our obr — ^ Q> (Tu ot, sub. v. to be, to be^ 
 come; to be of service to; to prosper; to be com- 
 pleted ; to become celebrated. A. G. Sect. 104. 
 
 ^ ^ Qo/ LD, conj. mood, from ^ ^ a9 ^, q. v, with the 
 
 affix 2 ld; although, nevertheless, either, or, at 
 
 least. A. G. Part 5 of Sect. 104. 
 
 ^ui^QUi rr oVt ovh", comp. of the infin. ^^ of the verb 
 S4 0?" A9 ^, a7id the infin» Q^ rr gnt ovt of Qu^ rr qVt 
 02O^A9S7» ^'5eJ conjunctively, because, this being 
 so. A. G. Part 2 of Sect. 98. 
 
 ^ ^ ^ Ao ^ — ^ G (^^ (y^ — © (2 (Ti-J obr, ?:?. a. sync, for 
 ^B"©^A9^; to make; to dress victuals (faire Za 
 cuisine). A. G. Sect. 104. 
 
 ^u>(B LD, Srd pers. n. fit. from sii ^ ^ a9 ^, q. v. vsed 
 as a particle which, affixed to the last word of a sentence, 
 implies a doubt, as r^rr a/cjvr ^ (g: a\j (vj a\jrr^^ 55- S ld, 
 he will perhaps come to-morrow ; but, affixed to a 
 word in the iniddle of a sentence, implies certainti/, as
 
 123 
 
 @ 5" n- ^ (^ LD M "S^ (50^ Lu LD, tliis is certainly virtue. 
 
 A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 104. 
 ^^cyuTLD, sub. (3{T^5^) the rump, a seat, a throne, the 
 
 seat or skin on which devotees sit: as, ^ '^ <^ rr f^ 
 
 OTJT LD, the seat of lion's skin; ox? lu n- ^ ^ /ttt 
 
 R=(5^LD, the seat of tiger's skin; ^/vp^Iq^^^^o^ld, 
 
 the seat of deer's skin. 
 ^ 0= G cS3) 21Q 6OTr LD, comp. sub. ( 3]l^«i" and 3^) heat 
 
 of the rump. 
 ^e=rrcrLD, 5?^^. (3fT^TT*) urbanity, politeness, good 
 
 manners, usage. 
 
 ^ ^ Cr (5\j ^ K" ^ A9 ^ ^ ^ G 5" O^ ^ LJ G LJ C5tF, I'. <7. 
 
 (3{t1XT^) to bless, to bestow a blessing on. 
 
 ^22)0=j 5mZ>. (3n3TT) eagerness, desire, hope. 
 
 ^e=e=rr or ^ b^ 9= rr to o~ Co, sub. a kind of tree re- 
 sembling ebony : (Diospyros Ebenaster, Kccnig.). 
 
 ^ e= e= rf^ LU LD, sub. (^Z^J^Z^i) surprise, admiration, a 
 wonder, a miracle. 
 
 ^ (5^, sub. a sheep, a goat ; the latter is usually distinguished 
 fls Gc5\-iovTavTrr (p, or the white sheep, though the 
 propriety of this name is not shewn by the actual 
 want of colour which it implies. 
 
 ?i (5^ ^ A9 ^ — L^Q. G OOT OT — 6^ G a\J cjbr, t;. n. to dance, 
 to balance one's self, to vacillate, to have play as an 
 elastic pole moved by the wind, to gesticulate ; with 
 such words as signify water, to bathe. 
 
 ^^ LD, verbal sub. dancing, movement in general, the 
 
 motion of any thing which plays or vibrates ; tised 
 
 r2
 
 124 
 
 adverbially, with the hifin. ^ ^, it signifies after the 
 
 manner of: as, Q> G\-i ^vp \±j ,^^ ^ ld n- ^ lLi G lj er 
 
 ^c^lLj, 3*ou talk like a drunken man. 
 
 ^ 6^, sub. a male, whether applied to man or other 
 animals. 
 
 ^ 6cfor Ln ovj (^tJT, deriv. sub. from ^a^^^jv)^, to govern; 
 a ruler; commonly, the Lord. 
 
 ^ LJ §■ SJ> sub. ( 3fT^"f^: ) calamity, affliction, danger. 
 
 ^ LD 6TOr ^ (g, sz^6. the castor oil shrub : (Ricinus com- 
 munis). 
 
 ^ LD, syjic. for ^ (g LD, 37yZ pers. n. fut. from ^ ^ 
 AT) ^, q. V. used as a particle of particular affir- 
 mation; yes, it is, it may be. A. G. Part 3 of 
 Sect. 104. 
 
 ^luuiu^ n-ryc^^ dcriv.sub.from ^luld, q.v. and ^rr/j-cjbr 
 ( ^]K* ) ' ^^ agent or doer, a tax or toll-gatherer. 
 
 ^LULD, sub. (^ |ij:) atoll, a road tax. 
 
 ^ llS" ©■ gr LD, sub. preparation. 
 
 ^OTT-i LD or ^,^1 LD, sub. restlessness, the delirium 
 
 of a sick person ; contention, wrangling. 
 
 ^o\d or ^(y\DLDO- LD, sub. the Banian tree: (Ficus Indica). 
 " Les Francs T appellent l* arbre des Banianes, 
 parce qu' aux lieux ou' il y a de ces arbres, les Idola — 
 tres vont se mettre dessous et y faire leur cuisine/' 
 
 Tavernier. 2de Partie, livre 3me. Paris, 1676. 
 
 ^Q^\Drr(^ 2/tj^, sub. ( 3f|c^-G|?f ) deliberation, counsel, 
 consideration. 
 
 ^OYJONj, sub. desire, appetency.
 
 125 
 
 ^ Lp LD, sub, depth, profundity. 
 
 ^i^^ovj^, deriv. sub, the sixth thing; also an ordinal 
 
 adv. sixthly. A. G. Part 4 of Sect. 137- 
 ^ AQ/, sub. a river. 
 ^/vy, num. six; marked thus, u^. 
 ^rn^^ AQ ^ — /vp Q our obr — aq/ G oyj ot, t^. n. to grow 
 
 soft, to be mollified, to console one's self, to take 
 
 comfort. 
 ^ A^/ ^ CKD, verbal sub. from ^ a^/ ^ /v? ^9 q- i^- conso- 
 
 laton, recovery from fatigue ; Lat. refrigerium. 
 
 @ rR/ G ^> ddv. here, hither. 
 
 @ La LD, sub. a place, a house, accommodation ; used with 
 
 the in/in. ^ &y, or vineiyech. ^ lu, signijies, instead of. 
 
 A. G. Part 4 of Sect. 97. 
 @ /p 0f^ AT) ^ — @ i-i:3 G '^ Gbr — @ (P G c5\J (5br, c a. to afford 
 
 or give, to do or act, to furnish, to apply ; to fetch 
 
 (a sigh). A. G. Part 2 of Sect. 109. 
 ©02) La, sub, the waist or middle. 
 
 @B} rr (y\_i^, pron. this thing. A. G. Part 5 of Sect. 117. 
 @S/> n. proi\ demons, pron, this (thing). A. G. Part 1 
 
 of Sect. 59- 
 @G5"^» comp. of @^, q. v, and the particle ^, (A. G. 
 
 Part 1 of Sect. 142) interj. behold ! interrog. is it 
 
 this .? 
 @ 5" S" wt^^sr, adj. comp. of @ for @ r^ ©■ and g- 2/:nrr, a 
 
 measure ; so much, thus much, this quantity. 
 @ 5" 5" Gtrr 02) LO, sub, comp, of @ for @ r^ g-, and ^ obr 22) LD, 
 
 manner; so, thus, in this manner; generally used
 
 126 
 
 adverhially, mith the infin. ^ ^, or the emphatic 
 
 qffhT, 6r. 
 ©'IBS"? prox.pron. adj. this. A. G. Sect. 60. 
 (g LJ LJ L_i?., sub. comp. of @ for @ qj g-, and l_' l_^., a 
 
 measure; so, in this manner; used as an adv, 
 
 A. G. Part 4 of Sect. 153. 
 @ lLi LJ i—Ql ^ G 0> n- s" s", used adjectiveli/, comp. of @Cj\_j 
 
 L-Q. u> ©, o)id 6^ g- ^from the defect, v. 63 ^ (^ ld, it is 
 
 equal; like this, suchlike; L«^. hujusmodi. A. G. 
 
 Sect. 77. 
 @ LJ L_| 1 9 LJ LJ M , used adjectivcly, comp. of @Cj]_j 1 9 , 
 
 q, T. and l_j -i /ro;?z [_' (5^ (^ A9 ^, to undergo; such. 
 
 A. G. Sect. 107. 
 @ LJ G I— I '^ O' ^» ^^^^* ^^^ ad'verhially y comp. of @ ybr 
 
 @ rg g-, o7irf Gi-jn-(^^, time; now, the present 
 
 time. A. G. Part 2 of Sect. 152. 
 © LJ (2 LJ rr, G^w. comp. of @ /or @ rs, ^, gwc? (S lj /t p?/^ hy 
 
 apocope for G lj rr OT s/> q- ^« now, at present. 
 
 A. G. Part 2 of Sect. 152. 
 @ LJ G LJ '^ SS/j 5'^^- '^^^^d adverbially , comp. of @for @ rs g-, 
 
 ajid Q\^ IT ^ for Qljh-^ ^ ; now ; used also in 
 
 the dative, @CjQljitq^^^<^, with the same force. 
 
 A. G. Part 2 of Sect. 152. 
 @ O" nv er A9 ^ — ^ G C5OT o^ — © G a\-i (5br, o. ?l ?/5ec? az-^VA 
 
 such words as signify the mind, to be moved with pity, 
 
 to feel compassion, to be tender-hearted. 
 
 @/T6:w(5^ num. two: marked thus, 2. . 
 
 @ cr s" gr LD, sub. ( "^ ) blood. 
 ' @ o" <5u, s«6. the night.
 
 127 
 
 STrr^^rT', sub. ( ^f^: ) night. 
 
 @rr rr Lon- £yy or o~ rr ld rr /vy, adv. comp. qf rj- t, mght, 
 and Lorr/vy, implying succession of time, being the 
 root of LDH- /v3/.05^ A9^, to be changed; during the 
 night, every night, all night. The root torr/vy, is 
 also added to t_j e? oo, the day, e? /t iro ld, the 
 morning, and ^r^^, the afternoon, with the sense of 
 every : as, ^ nr ov) ld ^ aq/j every morning. 
 
 @{r^<i adj. two; used only in composition. 
 
 @ QOJ ^ f^ A9 557 — ^ C5 G S" C5br — o^ lj G lj (5br, siih. v. to be, 
 to exist, to be ahve ; to remain; to be seated: it is 
 the auxihary verb used in forming compound tenses. 
 A. G. Sect. 89. 
 
 @ ec? LJ L_? i_z3 LD, sitb. comp. of @ cc? lIj l_j, terbal sub. state, 
 and @Lr]LD, a place; the place of dwelling; a basis, 
 a seat, the breech. 
 
 @(r5 Cj i_j, adj. from @q:5 ldm, iron ; made of iron. 
 
 @ (£5 (Shr3 ^ A9 sy — ^ <5^ G 1-3 (5br — q:? ojvoj G a\-i otjr, t^. ??. 
 to be dark. 
 
 @Q2)0~, SM^. food, prey, bait to catch animals or fish. 
 
 @a^o-Ui^ AO sy — ^3) T ^ G 5" (5^ — 22) o" lj G i— f o^, ^- w- 
 to make a roaring, rumbling or murmuring noise ; 
 to breathe with difficulty, to wheeze. 
 
 @ av) a\j ^ LD or @ ov) (5:j_9 e= ld, s?/^. i/se<:/ adverbiully with 
 !^ ^ or ^ Lu ; gratis. 
 
 @ 2/5\D, s?/Z/. a leaf. 
 
 @ a\3 ov) n- KThS M rr a\5, conj. form, used adverbially, other- 
 wise. A. G. Part 4 of Sect. 102. 
 
 @cro2/mD, V. defect, it is not. A. G. Sect. 80 and 102.
 
 128 
 
 ©(Tusbr, prox. demons, pr on. m, he, this man. A. G. Part 1 
 of Sect. 59. 
 
 @ O" ^ ^ A9 SJ — & S" G S" (5tjr — O" LJ G L-J a^> ^' «• to 
 
 draw, to drag, to bring by force. 
 @ OVT Lj LjrrA2/^A9^or @ 2/5vr Lj LJ n- /vj/ ^ A9 s; — 
 
 /vp G (5^ <y^ — ^n^ G cru cjbr, t^. w. comp. 0/' @ 2/3vr lIj m, 
 
 fatigue, and ^ aq/ ^ a9 sy> §'• '^- to repose, to rest 
 
 after fatigue, to be refreshed. 
 @ 2j^rvT ^ ^ A9 s/ — 2j^5vr g- G 5" <5br — 2/wr lU G lj obr, i^. n. 
 
 o/?e7i z<5ec? comp, with Qlj rr ^ ^ ; to grow thin ; to 
 
 be wearied. 
 ©aytJVTLJL^, sub. fatigue, weariness, faintness. 
 @ A9 ^ ^ AQ ^ — A9 ^ ^ G (5^ 0^ — AO E^ © G ovj abr, v. a. 
 
 sync, for @A9^(g^A9^; to cause to descend, to 
 
 lift off, to lay down, to unload, to disembark. 
 @ AQiTj ^ ^ ^ — AQ ^ ^ G (5^ obr — ^ nv (g G a\_) obr, t^. ?z. 
 
 to descend, to alight, to disembark, to take up 
 
 quarters ; to drip down. 
 @ A^/ ^ ^ a\j IT rj-^ sub. comp. of @ A^/ ^ (g LD, what may 
 
 be tied tight, and a\j nr rf , a thong ; a girth. 
 @6^, adv. hereafter, for the future, henceforward. 
 @ 5^ Qa\Drr u^ LO, sub. comp. of @ (5up, q, v. and Q(y\srr 
 
 05- LD, the world ; the future world. 
 @(5^LJi_^, sub. sweetness. 
 @(5brL_iLD, sub. pleasure, dehght; more especially of a 
 
 sensual kind. 
 Sdbv^yp, vineiyech. from the defect, v. ©obsyms; without. 
 
 A. G. Part 3 of Sect. 102. 
 @{5br AQ/, sub. this day, on this day, now.
 
 129 
 
 ©OTO^LD, aclv, yet, still, more; Jv-. encore. 
 @ otJT cSS) otjT, deriv. sub. from the pron. adj. ©a^a^jr; such 
 an one ; Lat. talis. 
 
 ^^rrf3^^^^^ SJi ^'- ''• ^^'^ rineiyech. from /^ 03 e^ 
 A9 ^, 2^2V/j ^/(e auxiliary v. to be moist ; Lat. madeo. 
 
 /sF/j-LO, s///^'. moisture, humidity. 
 
 /5FC5OTLD, 5?f/>'. diminution, defect, lack; ignominj^ vilc- 
 ness ; objection. 
 
 2_ e= e= rf^ ^ e^ A9 gy — rf^ S" G ^ Gtjr — rf^ lj C lJ cJ^? ^'- <^/- 
 
 (T^^) to utter, to pronounce, to say. 
 
 2 e=^, 5«^. (ZJ^) the summit of any thing, the zenith. 
 
 2_e=^LDS-g^Lurr(5urLO, sub. ( :5^ and Jf^c^^ff^* ) ^^^^^ 
 
 noon. 
 
 2 L=] LDLJ, 5?/Z>. the body; sometimes the trunk only. 
 
 2 ltjo^, s?/^. the body of a man ; the external body, 05 
 
 o/ji/jo5ef/ ^0 (^ La o^, the entrails. 
 2 L=i(5br, sub. generally used adverbially with the emphatic 
 
 affix 6r ; immediately, quickly. For the use of this 
 
 word as an affix, see A. G. Part 2 of Sect. 149. 
 
 2 (B' LJ L^, sub. clothes, clothing. 
 
 2 02) L=i ^ A9 S> — S2) L=if3G^ o^ — 32) L^ (2 (5\j (5tjr, r. 7?. to 
 
 break, crack or fall to pieces; to be ruptured. 
 2 Lb ^ S2) LD Lu LD, sub. comp. of 2 ONTT, Avitliiu, ami 
 
 e=cS) LDLu LD, a sect ; ( ^^'^: ) a certain sect. 
 
 " Secte interieure, c'est a dire qui place dans le 
 
 corps humain les lettres misterieuses r^, ld, ^, gyj, lu. 
 
 Ces sectes sont six : g\_j rr ld ld ou cyu rr /V9 ld ld, s2) s= 
 
 s
 
 130 
 
 OYJ LD, LJ rr er cru 3" ld, ld ^ n- (5:l5 O" g- ld, ^ ovr rr 
 
 (^^ 9) LD OU k: rr OVT" (^^ ^ LD OU 67 rr QVT rr (^^ ^ LD 
 et (TU LU Cr (j\_j LD. 
 
 2 6OTr (p, 1'. f/e/ec^ fl/zJ impers. there is, it is ; it is true ; 
 
 Lat. est pro habeo. A. G. Sect. 81, and Part 3 of 
 Sect 104. 
 
 2 6m- (B" [—1 6dur <srmy Sv" aq ^, v. a. comp. of 2 em (p, q. v. 
 
 and L_i sm (su^j ST A9 s^', to make ; to create; to feign. 
 2 5"<5[ii^A9^ — ^ 6^iSQ(j^(ybT — ^ 61] Q G\-i (J0T9 V. a. to 
 
 assist, be serviceable to ; in a neat. se?ise, to be 
 
 useful. 
 
 a2)W ^^ j^ Sy — SH) 5" 5" G S" OT — d2) 5" LJ G L_J GtTT, t". a. 
 from 2 0^ S", the heel ; to kick, to recoil. 
 
 03) 5" Lu LD, s?^^. ( ^d^^: ) tlie rising of any heavenly 
 body, especially the sun. 
 
 ^^LDLD, sub. (:5^5J-) the best thing, the most ex- 
 cellent thing, perfect goodness : used adjectiveli/, 
 high, excellent, true, genuine, upright, perfect. 
 
 gr S" ^ LD or a_ 5" s" /T o" LD, sub. ( ^"^"^ ) an answer ; 
 permission, leave. 
 
 S" ^ G Lu /-r ^ LD sub. ( 3^Jf : ) an office, employ, 
 situation. 
 2— ^^'lj[-irrrj-^^u) gy, or more properly, 2_ ^jvyCj 
 i^ rr rj- 7js ^ /v) ^ — rj- ^ Q^ obr — & Lj G 1-J (5t5r, r. a. 
 comp. of the vinehjech. ^_^ fnJ-> which seems to imphj, 
 perfection or completeness, when added to certain verbs, 
 and L_' rr /f- ^ ^ /v: ^, to see ; to stare at, to reo-ard 
 stedfastly. 
 2_i_'0> rro-LD, sidj. (^Ljc^|^;) civility, favour, benefit
 
 13i 
 
 s_- LJ n- LU LD, siih. (TTT^O a stratagem, an artifice, an 
 expedient, a means of success against an enemy. 
 
 2 lU [_,, sub, salt. 
 
 2 UP, sub. the husk of rice or other grain, coarse bran. 
 
 2 LD, oblique case plur. of the prim. pron. r^Lu, your; fre- 
 quently used honorifically for the singular. A. G. 
 
 Part 1 of Sect. 57« For the use of 2 ld as an 
 
 inseparable affix, see A. G. Sect. 140. 
 
 2 LU o" LD, uritten also, 2 \±j & 6i\ and 2 ^ cr ld, suIj. 
 
 height, elevation. 
 
 2 \i2&, sub. life, the soul ; a vowel. 
 
 2 e:^ Lb (5* ^ A9 sy or 2 aq/ Lb (P e^ /v? fS/' — l_q. G <5^ otjr — 
 
 6" (S C5VJ obr, to roll, to trundle; .La/, volvere. 
 
 2 ^ o~^r3 ^ A9 ^ — Z5 <5W5r G Ln otTT — ^ o^v^ (2 a\-i obr, f. ??. 
 
 to roll, to have a revolvins^ motion. 
 
 2— ^^rr^^'^o mJ — 22) 'x 5- G S" o^ — 33) ^ LU G 1— ' o^? ^"- «• 
 
 to chafe, to bray, to rub to powder ; Lat. terere. 
 2 av)K'a2)95-, sub. a rice-beater or stamper: being a 
 
 long staff made of heavy wood and shod with metal. 
 2 ovn- OVT rr ^ A9 ^ — ^ G c5^ otjr — ^ G (3\J OT, x^- a* comp. 
 
 of 2 csVt, within, and ^^a9S>', to become; 
 
 to be subject to, to be amenable to; to be admitted 
 
 to ; to intermeddle with. 
 2 (5^£5 ^ ^ rr ^ ^ ^ ^ — u^ rr rf- r^ Q. ^ a^ — ES" rr 03 
 
 GcTYJO^ ^« ^i' to sit down. 
 2 (Srr OMT, past part, from thedefv. 2 6m- &; which hath. 
 
 For its use as an attributive adjunct , see A. G. Sect. 55. 
 
 2 ov^ o;v3 02) Ln, sub. drawers, under trowsers. 
 
 2 oVt(5^q5 sub. an inward part; used mth the emphatic 
 
 s 2
 
 132 
 
 affix 6r, OS a post position, it signifies within ; used acljec- 
 tiveli/, signifies inner. A. G. Sect. 148. 
 2 A9 6XI, siih. friendship, affinity, relationship, consan- 
 guinity. 
 
 o^K-S, dat. case of r^ Ju; to thee. A. G. Sect. 57, 
 and 6l. 
 
 OT, oblique fonn of rg^LU; thy. A. G. Sect. 57, and 61. 
 
 ^iGvr g^ Lu LO or 2j3vt g^ l_j ld or 2j3vr ^ 07 Co, sub. profit, 
 
 gain. 
 2^3vT cr rr our, deriv.from 2^3vr cr, a town; a villager, a 
 
 townsman, a countryman. 
 2^5vr &, sub. a town, a village, a district. 
 ^Lcvr y? Lu LD, 67/Z^. office, function, work, service, menial 
 
 employment. 
 2j5vr A9 A^/, 57^^;. a source, a spring. 
 2^^^ otrr AQ/ ^ AQ sy — A£p (2 o^ t^br — aq/ (2 a\_j (jbr, t;. 7?. to 
 
 lean upon a stick for support ; v. a. to dig holes in 
 
 the earth for setting plants or sowing seeds. 
 
 C7 ri^'^is), adv. comp, of 6r rkj ^, where, and the affix 
 
 2 LD ; every where. 
 
 cr e= 9= rf^ ^ 02) 57, sub. care, caution, circumspection ; used 
 
 in exclamation by way of warning. 
 ST @^^ AQ ^ — (P 5" G 5" cjtjT — © L_j G L_' OT, V. a. to take, 
 
 to carry or bear, to bring forward, to raise ; to assume. 
 cv 6cror (5U^; ^ /v) ^ — gmyf Q a^ obr — (5S^ Q a\j (jbr, v. n, 
 
 to reckon, to estimate, to esteem, to think, to 
 
 imagine ; to honour, to respect.
 
 133 
 
 sr <5^ 6mTp K" CS) E5-, suh. number, estimation; honour. This 
 
 word resembles the Latin word ratio, in its twofold 
 
 meaning of number' and respect. 
 cr^ &^^ j^O mJ — ^ S" G S" c5t7r — & Lj G i-J OTj t'- «• to 
 
 oppose, to resist, to advance against. 
 6r^, inte?Tog. pron. what thing? A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 59- 
 6r^ ^ 2/3'^rr, adj. comp. of gt for gt !3 ^, and ^ s/rrfrr, a 
 
 measure ; how many, how much ; Fr. combien. 
 6r LU !_' I Q. 'j_j rr ^ c^^ LD, adv. comp. of gtiLilj \ q., how, 
 
 and 24 ^ c£o/ LD, although ; however, by any means 
 
 whatsoever ; Lat. quocumque modo. 
 GT LAQi^rr ^ LD, adv. comp. of 6r lj G ^ ^ mJ> when, and 
 
 2 ld; always. A. G. Part 4 of Sect. 140. 
 
 61" rf=^ e? (15 LD i_i, sub. comp. of crrf^for 5r rf^ llj ld, burning, 
 
 and ^(Tjj ij:)\^, cane; firewood. 
 
 5r rP ^ A9 sv — ^ '3 G S" a^ — ^ G c5\-j ot, v. n. to burn. 
 6r rf^ [F ^ A9 ^ — rf^ 5" G S" obr — rf LJ G L-J otJT, t^. a. to burn. 
 6r rf^ G 55- n- i__i LD, s?/^. comp. of 6r rf" for gt rP lli ld, 
 
 burning, and G 05- n- lj ld, wrath, (^"q";); a great 
 
 passion, a fiery rage. 
 6r&^a\:)rT ld, sub. and adj. all. A. G. Note to Page 29- 
 <?r a\D ov) rr Q^ LDs s?^^. cowp. of gt o^ (y\D t & , all, <7??f/ 2 ld ; 
 
 all, masc. Lat. omnes. A. G. Note to Page 29. 
 6r(5\j(5t5r, interrog. pron. who? A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 59. 
 GT 6hG\-i(yy)6i\, adv. comp. of gv for Grr3^, and a-iovrsij, 
 
 a measure ; how much ? Fr. combien. A. G. Part 3 
 
 of Sect. 151. 
 5r O? ^ A9 ^ — O" C5 G S" d^ — O" G c?^ otrr, v. n. to rise, 
 
 to get up.
 
 134 
 
 5r(^i_'Sy> (idj. seventy; marked Uiu^ 6r lu. 
 5r o^rf ^, adj. docile, facile, easy. 
 
 6r /vp ^ AT) ^ — /vp rs (2 g- obr — a^P G (Tu c^tjr, t^. fi^ to throw 
 at, to pelt. 
 
 5r a:P ^ e?^ a9 ^ — /v:P 5" G S" o^ — a:P 'i-U G ^' o^. t'- ?2. to 
 burn, to shine with heat. 
 
 6r (5br ^ A9 ^ — 5r c^ur C aq c?^ — (sr obr G LJ i^? ^'^ ^i. to say, 
 to be named, to be called. A. G. Sect. 103. 
 
 6r (5br /y:) ^5) 5" l_ l_' A9 /v:P, comp, of the verbal 6r obr aq gy, cf/i^i 
 i_j^/vp, vineiyech. from i^aj/vjj^aq^] Uteralhj, hav- 
 ing considered what is said, in consideration of which. 
 
 5r abr AilP 03 ^ 35^ /vp gy, v. n. comp. of 6r cjbrAQ/, q. d. and 
 @Q3^^A9^, q. V. to think, to be thinking of; to 
 be about to do ; to be for or on the part of. 
 
 6r(5br AQ.', finely ech. from gt ^^ Af) ^ ; having said ; fre- 
 quently used as a conjunction, that. A. G. Part 1 of 
 Sect. 103. 
 
 6r abr aryr, pron. adj. also used adverbially, what? it admits 
 of declension. A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 60, and Part 
 2 of Sect 62. 
 
 6r ^, sub. (i^FT:) a cause, an origin. 
 6r ^', adv. what ! wli}^ ! 
 6r g- ^ ^ A9 ^, see er^jvy^Ao ^. 
 6r TT)^^ AQ sy — ^ ^ G (5^ OT — 75 ^y G o^ otjr, v. a. to 
 lift up in the arms, to carry in the hands. 
 
 cr LU ^ ^ A9 ^ — LU ^ G 3" OT — LU LU G L— ' otjT, to chcat, to 
 
 deceive, to impose upon. 
 errf^, sw6. a large artificial lake for irrigation.
 
 135 
 
 ST <5ij ^ Ao mJ — ^^i-? G (3^ ctsT — fill G cru (jtjT, t'. fl. to order ; 
 
 to spur on, to incite. 
 6r{SjL_p, adj. poor, not rich. 
 6r /vy^ ^ ^ — /vp (2 c5^ obr — ££^ G cru o^, r. n. to ascend, 
 
 to mount up, to exceed, to erect one's self. 
 6r Ab E5" 6TTnr G cru, adv. antecedently. 
 6r/v:)AQ/^A9^ — r^Q(5\^dcT — ^AQ/G(yu(5br, v. a. to sum up, 
 
 to multiply ; to lift or hoist up, to cause to mount. 
 
 ^ ^ S/> num. five ; marked thus, (^. 
 
 ^LOLJS/j ?'wm. fifty; fnaj'ked thus, <^lu. 
 
 ^Luc5br, swZ>. spelt also, 24Luuuc5br, a father, a Brahman, 
 
 a venerable old man. Used frequently in the voc, 
 
 in addressing a superior. 
 '^iiS.S^'TiSub. a certain Hindoo deity; called also ^rf^^rrdbr. 
 ^ 02) Lu G Lu /^j interj. of compassion or of grief, alas ! 
 ^ cnj O", deriv. sub. five persons. 
 
 63 ^ ^ A9 ^ — g- G S" OT — lIj G 1— J (5^j ^- ?^ to be like, to 
 agree with, to be conformable with. 
 
 63 Lj (5^ ^ A9 ^ — L— ^ G C5OT <J^ — S" G cyu obr, to stick toge- 
 ther, to unite. 
 
 63 6^ 623}/ ^ ^ Sy» ^ore corredlij, 63 otrr ^v^^ ^ aq ^, x'. ??. 
 to be fitting, to agree, to be in union ; Lat. convenio. 
 
 63 6^ ^D SJ> ^^^ore correctly, 6b d^ ^ mJy neg. v. Srd 
 pers. n. from 63 ot a^/ ^ /v) ^ ; it is not suitable; 
 it is not permitted, it must not be. 
 
 63 sy ^ ^ ^ S/' — ^ ^ ^ G cy^ dyr — gy o^ © G cru abr, v. n, 
 to retire, to crouch for concealment, to hide one's self; 
 Lat. ad secessum ire.
 
 136 
 
 65 5" S"? past imrt. from clef, v. 63f^©ld, equal to, like, 
 
 suitable, having relation to. A. G. Sect. 77. 
 <^ 5" Sy ^ G 9> rroVr cs^vr^f^ ao ^/, v. n. to consent, to 
 
 agree; to allow or grant; to engage; to relate to; 
 
 JPr. avoir du rapport. A. G. Sect. 77. 
 ^\1jljo~6i\, sub. union, concord; evenness. 
 53 0:5, fiuffi' one; marked thus., ^. 
 53 03 L-' n- M is^rr lLj, adv. from 53, 03, one, i_j nr h Co, a 
 
 shower (ondee de pluie), and ^iLi Jrom ^^/V)^/, 
 
 in a shower. 
 53 C3 Li5^ c5- 67, infn.from 53 03 u5^ ^ f^ /y:) ^ ; ?/sef/ adverbially , 
 
 together, at once. A. G. Part 4 of Sect. 100. 
 65 sii G (y^ n-(5br /v:y, pi'on. sub. from 53 (5br /v^/, repeated, 
 
 as ^^cf[ m /Sfl??5. each, one by one. 
 63 y? ^ A9 ^ — y? f^ G S" Gbr — l^ G o^-i (5^5 '^'- n. to cease, 
 
 to pass away as time ; to be excepted ; to die. 
 63L_|?Lu, infn.from 53y?E^A0^; used as a conjunction, 
 
 except, unless. A. G. Part 3 of Sect. 100. 
 53 (^^©, sub. a leak in the roof of a house, a dripping 
 
 of water, 
 63 0'/1v^, 5^^^. order, regularity. 
 53 (^ nv (^ L_' Ln, comp. of 53(^rR/(g:, and l_m^, infin. of 
 
 Lj(S^^:V? gy, to undergo ; used adverbially^ in or ac-^' 
 
 cording to order, regularly. 
 
 53 GVt^ 57 ^ ^ sv — Qv^ S" G S" OT — ostP lj G I— J (5t5r, t^. a. to 
 
 hide, to conceal. 
 65^03)^? ^/^- single; generally implies one of a pair, 
 
 where the other is wanting : as, 53 ^v) (22) /vc) e^ e^rr ^/, 
 
 a single ear. 
 QcjtF/v^/, 57/Z;. one.
 
 137 
 
 ^, hiterj. (:3^) of compassion. 
 
 Qj 6^, inttrj. of admiration. 
 
 ^ nv f^ A9 02V — ^ G (5^ d^ — © G c5\J obr, i'. a. to raise over 
 
 the head, to brandish. 
 Q,(^^ ^ &5J — L_Q. G (5^ (5^57 — (S'Gcyi-iabr, v» n. to run, to sail. 
 
 6^ '1 LD, s?^^. a race, a flight. 
 
 ^ '-b (b' 35^ A9 S> — I (gr^nr^ — (S^ G c5\-j OT, tJ. o. to make 
 
 to run, to conduct, to drive, to chace. 
 ^CTLD, 5/^^. a border, a bank, a strand, a margin, an 
 
 edge, 
 es d^, ???/???. one. A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 134. 
 ^a/jTo, sub. a Cadjan leaf; a leaf of the Palm kind, on 
 
 which the Tamuls write; a letter or epistle written 
 
 on such a leaf. 
 
 ei" 9= LJ M» ^uh. bitterness. 
 
 ^aa-i LD, sub. excrement. 
 
 ^La^e5^A9S^ — lj 'ij G S" OT — L:3 Lj G i-J OT, V. a. to pass 
 
 (a river), to go over (a mountain), to go through 
 
 (a town). 
 65" i_=] ^, see e> 22) L=i. 
 
 ^ La G a\J Gbr, clef, v, that I may. A. G. Sect. 83 and 90. 
 0? Lz3 OT, sub. a debt. 
 
 ^ ^Q. 65- ^ /V? ^ L_Q. ^ G 5" OtJT L_Q. Lj G 1-J ^) ^- ^- to 
 
 bite. 
 05- 1 9 ^, sub. that which is hard, cruel. 
 ST 1 9 a\j rr ovT LD, ziritten also, k- ©^ cru rr ovr ld, sub. a 
 
 bridle. 
 
 T
 
 138 
 
 ^(9e5-, infifi. from u^ (S^^ AO^> ^^sed adverhialhj, quickly. 
 ^ (1? ^ A9 s>' — (P ^ G (5^ <5br — (5^ G g\-^ (5br, i?. 7?. to hasten. 
 ffiT^gjLa, S//6. a shop; in a collective sense, a market, a 
 
 bazar 
 05 22^ La, sz/^. an end, a termination, a limit; used acljec- 
 
 tivelij, the last. 
 
 ^ 'i-O- ^ Q ^iTQ^n- a^TB^/v) ^ — G ^ ^ 6m G L=] ;^ — avn- c$£5 
 
 Gcrut^trr, i^ o. to embrace. 
 ^ 'UQl B= e= rr ^ LD, sz/Z^. co??/p. of k" 'lq. ybr ^ -lq. (5<3r, tied, 
 
 G;?f/ ^rr^LD { contracted from ^^^\Z^ ), boiled rice ; 
 
 a bundle or cloth full of boiled rice, the usual 
 
 viaticum on an Indian journey. 
 ^ 'i_g. Lu LD, sub. (^Sf^f?) the act of proclaiming the 
 
 titles and sounding the praises of a Prince or other 
 
 great personage. 
 
 ^'LaLu^0Fi-Aa/^A9 mJ — Ap G t5Tyr ot — m^Q oyj (jot, v. al 
 to proclaim the titles and sound the praises of a 
 Prince or other great personage. 
 
 K- '1-0. (Tl2 ^ ^ A9 ^ C7X5 WQ^ Cbr G^L? LJ G L_' (5br, C(72/5f// V, 
 
 to cause to bind ; to cause to build. 
 
 ^ '_b (5^ ^ /v) mJ — I— Q. G (5^ OT — ©^ G a\J-Gbr, t'. o. to tie, to 
 
 bind ; to build ; meiaph. to marry. 
 ^J^(S;L^, sub, a stump, a billet. 
 
 ^(5575re^(g, swZ;. (7f[7f) an account, a computation. ' 
 
 ^ 67^, 67/6. the eye. 
 
 ^drfcrL^LD, sub. ( ^ li^ ) a piece or morsel of fish or 
 flesh. 
 
 07 ^^fcT 6^ !_? L_^ ^ ^ A9 s/* ^'. «. C07??]9. of 07 fiCTOT 6^', rineiyccli. 
 
 7
 
 139 
 
 from ^ rr 6m: ^ ao ^> q. v. and l^ l_q. e^ ^ aq ^, to 
 
 seize, q. v. to find or perceive, to comprehend, to 
 
 understand. 
 ^02)5", sub' (^^T) a. story, a tale, a faille. 
 £5- L_' (5^, sub. {^{^^:) deceit, dissimulation. 
 e5-Lu AQ/, 5^/^. a rope, a cord; a fishing line. 
 ^ 03 ^ ej (^ a\j rr ovT, sub. comp. of bj (^ ^ ^, the teeth 
 
 of a sickle, and aj (^^ ou n- ovr, a sickle; a serrated 
 
 sickle. 
 
 ^ q:f SV ^ A9 S^ — ^ G <5tJr (5br — ^ G (5^-i abr> ^^- n, to imagine, 
 
 to think ; to estimate. 
 ^•(^[^LDLD, 67yZ>. {'^^) ii business, a deed, an affair, an 
 
 action, a work. 
 ^Q[5 22)LD, .S7/6. blackness; used adjectiveli/ m c[3 ld, black. 
 6^ q:^ LD L_|, sub. sugar cane ; see 5r rp- ej q:^ ld l_j. 
 ^ aiDO~, sub. a border, a bank, the shore. 
 95"a\?Lji_^, sub. mixture; used adject ivelij, mixed, adulterated. 
 ^ ao JV) 02) /v:), sub. comp, of [5"o>oqo/, a stone, a rock, 
 
 «?ic/ 24 02)^9 a chamber; an excavation in a rock 
 
 used for sepulture, a grave, a sepulchre. 
 65" av> QO/v, szfZ>. a stone. 
 
 EF o^u s/nv), sz/Z>. sorrow, care, embarrassment. 
 K"f3ij«j^A9^ — 5:i_9G(5<^OT — 6i\Qa\-ia^, v. a. to seize 
 
 with the teeth, to snap at. 
 K^ Lji su ^ A9 gy or ^ ^ eoj ^ a9 ^y — 6^lS Q a^ obr — 
 
 GaiJobr, t'. o. to wash; to pohsh (gems). 
 05-y?^A£}^ — ij?f3 Q^obr — L^Qoxjdbr, v. n. to pass 
 
 (time); to glide away ; to pass loosely by the bowels. 
 
 T 2
 
 140 
 
 ^ y? B" ^ A9 ^ — y? gr G 5" ot — y? lj G l-' abr, v. a. to 
 make to pass away, to turn out, to remove, to 
 abolish. 
 
 ^ O" <22) ^j 5'^^. an ass. 
 
 65- i^ 614 05^ A9 ^'^ see 67 yi f514 f^ A9 gy. 
 
 57 OV-P 0n_ 017 ^ A9 ^ dh- rf^ G C5^ C5br 0n_ (^p G O^ 0^9 ^- ^^ 
 
 C07///;. o/" 0> ov^, joy, r//zf/ opl-q:^ ^^ ^, which, though 
 used only in composition, is probably from the root en_ &, 
 a point, and may signify to be pricked or touched; 
 to rejoice, to be much amused. 
 
 ^ovTov-robr, sub. a robber, a rogue, whether by caste or 
 profession. 
 
 07 A9 (5^, sub. a rocky steep, a knob, a clod. 
 
 ^^a2)cn_)j sub. a milch cow, bafFalo or goat. 
 
 R- /V9 ^2) (5\_) L_j e?, sub. comp. of ^ /V)a^cTi-jy an animal giv« 
 ing milk, and L-JUt, q^ v, a milch cow. 
 
 ^ /vp, sub. any seasoned meat or sauce which is eaten as 
 an accompaniment to boiled rice, a dish or mess ; 
 Lat, ferculum. 
 
 e^AQ/LUu-:, sub. the colour black; used adjectively, black. 
 
 es-^vpLS^^/V)^ ov u^ o\d \1ji_S ^ ^ ^ ^ — iS ^ G S" o^ — ~ 
 lS" Lj G 1— ' OTj 'i^- «• {probably derived from ^p^) to 
 order, to teach, to give instructions. 
 
 m a^ LD, sub. (^^) weight; metaph. honour, consider- 
 ation: as, u^ our (^^ G\-T o\rT (y\_i abr, a man of weight 
 or consequence ; used adjectively, heavy. 
 
 ^rvjp, sub. a ripe fruit. 
 
 67 ^ erj_, interj. expressive of distress or lamentation.
 
 141 
 
 m'rr^ ^ /Y) B^y', written also u^ rr o-^^ ^ ^ — rf- g- (^ ^ ot 
 — o- Lj G 1^ 0^9 ^' «• to watch, to guard, to keep, to 
 preserve. 
 
 5>n-5r, sub, {^]^J^U\) a nominal money, tlie 80th part 
 of a fanam {see u 6urw ld). Also used for money 
 in general. The English word cash remarkably re- 
 sembles this word, both in sound and meaning. 
 
 B- n- e= 9r f^ A9 mJ — ^ G (y^ otjT — 5r Q> a\J abr, v. a. to make 
 
 hot, to boil. 
 KTT (p, sub. a jungle, a forest, a heath, a common or 
 
 waste. 
 55- rr Li (5» f^ zY} o^j — l_q. Q cur obr — 6" G o^-J 0^9 V. a, to shew, 
 
 to point out. 
 05 rr 67rof^ ^ 02) ^, sub, an oblation, an offering, a present. 
 
 ^ /T <5cW i^ A9 ^ EET 6Cfor G l-=3 O^T U) T (SCfer G L..' OUT, t'. O. tO 
 
 see, to find. 
 65- .n- 6W5r L_? ^ ^ AQ ^ — L? S" G S" obr — l^'lj G i— '(5br, causal v. 
 
 to cause to see, i. e, to shew, to point out. 
 ^ /T ^ LD, 5wZ;. a measure of distance, varying in different 
 
 parts, but equal to ten English miles in most of 
 
 the Tamul countries. 
 ^ rr s^', sub. the ear ; the eye of a needle, a button 
 
 hole. 
 e> rr Lu, sub. an unripe fruit, as opposed to l_i L_p ld 
 
 or u^c^ttP, a ripe fruit. In composition, however, this 
 
 word is used with some ripe fruits; as cucumbers, 
 
 cocoa nuts, &c. 
 ^ rr Lu ^ A9 gy — lu r5Q^ dbr — lu G (5\-I OT, V. n. to burn, 
 
 to scorch, to be hot, as the body with a fever.
 
 142 
 
 05- n- lLj ^ ^ /V) ^ — lL) S" G ^ obr — lu lj (S u (jbr, v. n. to be 
 in fruit, the fruit to form. 
 
 ^rrLLjLL'Lj(5^^A9 ^', v. p. to be dried, as damp linen. 
 
 u^rTLuiLji^&^AO ^9 or, to distinguish it from the pre- 
 ceding rerby ^rru-jLOLJ^B'^iY) ^y, to be wounded. 
 
 e^ IT o- (ytw or 05 rr /v) (5ur, an affix borrowed from the Sanscrit 
 ^TX' ^'^^ ^^g^^ifu^^^g ^^ agent or doer: thus, Qcyu 
 2/mD ^ ^ rr o" c5ur, a servant, fi^om Q G\_i ^/u\d, work, 
 ^^a3)0-^u^ rr rr <^, a groom, from f^^a^rr, a 
 horse. A. G. Sect. 121. 
 
 ^rrrf^Lu LD, sub. (^F^*) a business, an affair, a matter. 
 
 ^ rr a\DQLDy used adverbially, (^J^:) in the morning: 
 from esTToviLDj time, and the emphatic affix or; thus 
 bearing some analogy with our expression betimes, 
 
 UjTo^d, sub. the foot; the name of the sign it, which 
 renders the short a lon^:, and assists in formino; the 
 vowel when not initial. 
 
 ^ /T av) 07 O^ 61J 35^ A9 ^, V. a. comp. of u^ rr a\j, q. v. and 
 05 (^ 6i\^ ^ mJi fi' '^' literally, to wash the feet ; by 
 implication, to perform ablution after answering the 
 calls of nature. 
 
 ^ n- ^ rvy, sub. the wind. 
 
 u^ rr (JUT o\D, sub. glare; the vibratory appearance over a fire, 
 or over the surface of the ground in hot, clear weather: 
 
 ^Ln^ ^ /v) ^ — [^ rFjQisn OT — La LU G L_j obr, V, n. to re- 
 main recumbent, to lie down; X^/^. jacere. 
 
 ^ !^ g" S^ ^ ^ ^ ^ — L^ ^ ^Qcuv obr — La gr ^ C (y^ c5tF, 
 V. a. to lay down.
 
 143 
 
 ^ 02) L^ ^ ^ iV5 mJ — ^ i^ gr G 5" (5^ — ^ 22) L^ Lj G I—' a^, 
 V, n. to be obtained ; to be ibund. 
 
 ^ '1 , hi/in. from ^ Lb (5> 35^ aq oy, used acherhialhj^ near. 
 
 ^ Lia ©" f^ A9 gy — I 9 Q, <5^ (5ur — (5^ Q ou o^, z/5tY/ imper- 
 sonalli/, to be near, to be with, to approach, to be 
 
 found : thus, 2. a^B-©^^Lia(5^(2LDrr, tibi nc 
 
 conveniet? Much used in this sense in Mysore. It 
 would be more elegant to say 2— our Ui (^ ^ f^ ^^ [^ ^ 
 
 e^LDrr, intevj. expressive of silence, husli, 
 0?" G ^ 2A) s" s" (5t3r, suh. {J\^^\) a master of a family, 
 a housekeeper, a goodman. 
 
 05^ G C5\5 e= LD, suh. ( ^S[[: ) sorrow, affliction, sickness, 
 
 pain. 
 ^L-pLD, adj. old; whence, 0?^l_pg\jot, suh. an old man, 
 
 ^L-pcrxs, suh. an old woman. 
 ^ y? ^ E^ ^ gy — y? 5" G S" <5^ — U^ lj G L-J otr, v. a. to 
 
 tear, to pull in pieces, to scratch ; to engrave. 
 (^ (j^TT Lo i_i ^ ^ S7 — L-S" G o^ (JOT — M G cnj (jbr, r. ??. to 
 
 rise up, to stand forth. ^ gvt ld i_? (5^ G o\j sj^ro, a 
 
 piece of sculpture or carved work, with figures in 
 
 relief. 
 STc^LDLD, suh. (3TT5T:) a village. 
 ^^^rr, suh. colewort, greens, potherbs, grass. 
 ^a^o~^ ^ 6m- (B", suh. comp.of ^6^0-, q. v. and ^6m^, 
 
 a stem or stalk; a kind of colewort which grows high. 
 ^QU^y postposition, beneath, mider; adv. down, downwards. 
 ^ /vy 0?> /v? gy — /vp G C5OT (5ur — j^y G ou (5^, t'. a. to split, 
 
 to tear, to scratch, to lacerate ; to carve.
 
 144 
 
 0Lr]av>, siih. the inside, the entrails; see 2 ltjo^. 
 
 (g- i o I I I rrrrorr^ 1 ^=rnr, r/t'/7V. JWUil, frO)n (^\ gi, ffivV/i tii^/i/cA 
 
 it is sijnouymous I an inhabitant, a countryman, a 
 labourer. 
 ©■^ipL^, sub. an umbrella. 
 (od^sTTLX), 5/^Z>. (3TGT:) temper, disposition, natural quality; 
 
 sometimes used for good disposition. 
 © ^ E^ ^ A9 ^ — ^ ©■ (2 S" OT — ^ Lj (2 L-j obr, Ty. n. to leap, 
 
 to spring, to jump for joy. 
 ^^^2)0~, sub. ahorse. 
 ©^05) o"^ u^ rr o- obr, 5Z/Z>. y"ro;?z © g^ 03) O", q. v. and 
 
 ^rrcrcjbr, g. v, a horseman, a groom. 
 © 5" S^ ^ ^ ^ — ^ G onr obr — ^ G o^-i.otjr, f. «. to prick, 
 
 to pierce, to sting, to stab ; to pound in a mortar. 
 © LD L? (5^, sub. a bow, a reverence. 
 ^c!3, sub. (^^:) a religious instructor or director; Lat, 
 
 sacerdos. 
 © 03 La Gtrr, sub. a blind man; rg rrrr ■ o , a blind woman. 
 ©QSJCb'^A^^ — LQ.Ga^(5^ — (5" Gc5\Jc5br, t;. n. to be blind. 
 (^eipL^d?, 5?/6. blindness; used adjediveli/, blind. 
 ©■ e:^ a\j n- o^ oxj o"^> see © (v^ : ^ (5^ avj obr redundant, as 
 
 ^o\j^, A. G. Part 5 of Sect. 117. 
 ©d"a2)0\-j> s?/Z>. a scream or cry expressing woe. 
 Sc5\!)Lb, 5/^^. (^^) a caste, a race, a tribe, family or 
 
 house. 
 S y^> sub. a pit, a hole, a ditch, a grave. 
 (^OVTLD, spelt also, Q^ n- qstt ld, sub. a tank, a pond 
 
 used for domestic purposes ; whereas eT-rr" is a much 
 
 hirger reservoir used for the irrigation of land.
 
 145 
 
 © ovT r^^ AQ ^ — /vp (2 OOT obr — m^ Q a\j a^, v. n. to speak 
 inarticulately — confusedly, to stammer. 
 
 © csTf" eip ^ A9 m^ — asrr a- rg (S 5- abr — a\rr rr^Q(y\^ ot, v. n. 
 to be cold ; to be refreshed. 
 
 u. fir. to make cold, to cool. 
 
 ©ostTo^f:^, or better, ^ a\rf=^ 'x g- g=^, .s?/Z>. cold. 
 
 ©• av-r> LJ L_j rr Lb /p ^ A9 ^, written also, (^ ryrf^ o" lL' i_' n- 1^ 
 (5^ ^ A9 SV fl^^ (^ oe^ llj l_J rr Lb © ^ A9 ^ — LJ rr 'UX 
 Q (5ur c5br — lj rr lj ip G ovj c5br, ?:^. ^. to bathe, to wash. 
 
 ©o^^rss", corrupted for (gj ov^f^ ^r rg g-, past part, from 
 ^0\rf^C{3 ^ jv) ^, q. V. 
 
 ^a$^^3)LDi sub, cold, coolness. 
 
 © /v>T cr LO, s?//^. cruelty, obstinacy. 
 
 en_, interj. (^) of lamentation. 
 
 6n_Br^/v:)S> — ^G(7OT(5tJr — 3rGo\jabr, v. n. to fear, to 
 be afraid, to be daunted, to be put to the blush. 
 
 5n_ L:3, infill, from 0n_ (p ^ a9 gy, g'. t;. ?/5ec? adverbially, 
 together. Sometimes it merely strengthens an asser- 
 tion : as, G^LJ(2L=](5tjr0fL_Ln^(S^iJ(2L=) obr, I have 
 heard it, indeed I have heard it. 
 
 5ri_ (5^, sz<Z>. a nest, a cage. 
 
 9n_ (5^ ^ A9 ^ — L_i?. G (5^ OT — (5^ (2 0^-J obr, t'. 7i. to unite, 
 to club together; to be possible; Fr. se joindre, 
 etiam veneris, d' ou vient qu'il faut user de ce verbe 
 et de ses composes avec circonspection. M.S. Diet. 
 
 6h^(^LDi impers. v. neut. fut. from drL.(5>^ ^ ^, q. v. it 
 may be, it is possible. 
 
 9n^M — LD, sub. n crowd, an assembly, a tribe, an association. 
 
 u
 
 146 
 
 5fi_ M rr a\rr, sub. a companion, a colleague, an associate, 
 
 a partner. 
 
 6^ '^ (5* ^ A9 mj — I— P- G <3^ d^ — © G o^ OT, 1'. a. to unite, 
 to cause to associate, to conjoin ; to add up. 
 
 5?i_ lL' L^ (5^ ^ /V} mJ — lS" Lb G i^ (5br — l? ©^ G o^-J (5t5r, 'O. a. and 
 
 7i. to hail, to call to, to shout out. 
 sh-G^-, sub. hire, wages. 
 dh-fxn^ AO ^ — (TiSQa^ a^ — (51J G cru c5tjr, v. n. to crow, 
 
 to coo as doves. 
 
 G 9> «^ gf ^ /v:) SV — ^Qc^a^ — cff G o^-j otrr, v. n. to beg 
 coaxingly, to entreat humbly and earnestly. 
 
 G ^ Lb ^ A9 ^ or Qu^L^<ds ^ /v) sy or G ^ oVr ^ ^ ad ^ — 
 G ^ Lia G '-:3 obr — G w oVt lj G l_i obr, i'. «. and ??. to 
 hear, to obey ; to ask. 
 
 (22) g? s?^6. the hand, the arm ; the sleeve of a coat. Like 
 Xiio and manus, this word also signifies, by analogy, 
 an elephant's trunk. 
 
 Q^ rr <^9^LD, adj. small, little ; sub. smallness ; adv. little 
 
 by litde. 
 Ge5Tri__Q., sub. a parasitical plant; a flag or ensign. 
 Qu^ rr L_Q. gy or Q ^ rr i_q. lu sj^ neut. conj. deriv. from 
 
 Qmrr (^^--a^is), cruelty; literally^ it is a cruel thing, 
 
 what is cruel — horrible. A. G. Sect. 125 and 126. 
 G cBT rr L_Q. LU n- oV!), sub. a Banian tree (Ficus Indica). 
 Q^ rr (^^^ AQ ^ — (^ ©■ G S" O^ — & LJ G LJ (jbr, v. a. to 
 
 give (to a third person). A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 110.
 
 147 
 
 C ^ ^ © ^2) LD, sub. fierceness, violence, tyranny, cruelty, 
 
 hard-heartedness. 
 G 5> n- ij 02) L-3, sii/j. the stone of fruit?. 
 Qu> rr 6^ & (2 L_j n- ^ A9 657, V. a. comp. of Q ^ rr 6duT ©^ 
 
 y)'07« Q U^ rr ovn- G$^ ^ /V} gl/, </. t''. «?/(/ Q '>_i rr 
 
 ^ A9 SJi q- 'i'- to take away, to remove, to carry 
 
 along. 
 Q^rr sSuT (5> o\J ^ SJ (^^^ (B' ^ ^ ^,v, a, comp. of Qm it 6OTr (p 
 
 from Qmrr ovr OtO ^ /y^ ^, q. v. cyxjrs &i/ from a^^ rr^ 
 
 ^ A9 S>^ 5'. ''^« (i^id (TxS (5^ ^ AC) s>', </. V. to advance in 
 
 argument, to adduce, 
 Qu^ rr ^ ^, sub. a bunch, a clump, a bush. 
 G^n-Lj LJ0\rf*^,^A9^ or G ^ ^ ljmov^e^ ^ a9 ^ — 
 
 ov^grGS'o^ — ov^ LD G L_i obr, t'. «. and ?i. to rinse 
 
 the mouth, to gargle ; to rise in blisters. 
 G 05" rr Cj M5 ^^'^- '^ branch. 
 G 95- rr LD M5 5"^' ^ bough or branch ; a horn of an animal ; 
 
 the sign G • 
 Q.6o rra^:) ^/u\d, sub. a back yard ; corn or grain growing 
 
 on high ground and not watered artificially. 
 G ^ n- oVt a\rf^ s- Li 02) L^:> si(b. comp. of Q&> tq^ o^rt^, a 
 
 brand, and s"Li3a2)L=5 a short stake; a firebrand 
 
 made of wood ; Lat. teda. 
 Qu^ rr oVt as^rs ^ a9 S7 — G ^ ^ ^m- G i^ obr — G ^ ^ ovt o^v^ 
 
 G 0^-1 OT5 ^' «• to take, to receive ; to buy ; to marry ; 
 
 to obtain (sleep). For its use in composition ace 
 
 A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 106. 
 Qe^ rr, interj. expressive of grief. 
 G ^ n- L^ rr onS, sub. a hatchet. 
 
 U 2
 
 148 
 
 G ^ rr ^^ i=i r5 rr oVr, sub. comp. of (2 ^ n- ^2) La, the West 
 wind, and r^ it ontt, a day ; the summer season. 
 
 Q^ T 6^s^ 02) ^> sub. cotton canvas — called in India, from 
 the Tajuul name, gunny : sacks made of such canvas. 
 
 C ^ n- i.S' ^ ^ A9 6^ — L_? S" G 5" obr — iS \1j Q lj obr, v. n. 
 from the sub. G 9> ^ lj ld, ffi7«/cA is from the Sanscrit 
 c^m, wrath; to grow angry, to be enraged. 
 
 Qu^ rr o-Ui^AO m^ — ^ gr G S" abr — rr LU G lj ot, v. a. to 
 run through, to transfix ; to string or thread (beads). 
 
 Q ^rr (TiSo\d, sub. a temple or pagoda, a church. 
 
 Q^ rr y?, sub. a domestic fowl, whether cock or hen. 
 
 Q^ IT a\rf^a^ e^" ^ (g g^cSJ^T", sub* a mare. The word QutiT 
 osTf^^S) ^ designates also the female of the ass. 
 
 55" 2_c 6^^^ LD, sub, ( g(j[: ) an instant, a moment. 
 
 (5=9)3^, sub. (^Y^i) mud, a puddle. 
 
 B= ^ ov, Of/;. ( ^^^ ) all, the whole ; z^hence e= 95- ov) ld, 
 
 726?//. 5i/6. every thing ; f= o? ov) ^, ?72asc. every body. 
 ^rk/^^) e> G ^ (Pj 5i/^. co7?2p. of (^rRja2>^> honour, atid 
 
 G05^(P, destruction; a disgraceful action, turpitude. 
 e= ^ e= ov) LD, sw6. ( ^^H^" ) anxiety, embarrassment, 
 
 wavering. 
 e= L^ o^ ©, sub, a ceremony, whether of marriage, burial, 
 
 religion, or of compliment. 
 e= (5^ g^, sub. suddenness, quickness, surprise. 
 e=Lba2)Lr), sub. a jacket, any sewn upper garment. 
 g= 6m- 02) i=:y sub. a tumult, a quarrel, a battle.
 
 149 
 
 '5=22)S"» sub. flesh; fl/60 like the Greek word (xapK, the pulp 
 
 of a fruit. 
 fF gr S" LD, sub. ( TJa^i ) a sound ; also as ^wvi) and vox, a 
 
 voice, a word. 
 ^r5^ I O j sz/Z>. a bustle, a noise made by a crowd ; «/iT> 
 
 like ox^oQ and turba, the crowd itself. 
 
 ( ^rf^tj": ) to strike against, to come in contact Avith, 
 
 to meet, to strike (the eye or ear). 
 e= rs ST 'T- (5br, sub. (-cjr^: ) the moon. 
 fpr]}Q^ EB LD- sub. (^^^:) doubt. 
 f9= rg (22) 5"> sz/^. a fair, a market where goods are sold on 
 
 certain days. 
 
 e= rg G ^ n- 2-Q ld, sw6. ( ^^r^t^: ) joy, pleasure. 
 
 0= LD ^ S" 5" (5tjr, sw6. ( ^3T^ ) a capable or skilful man, an 
 
 industrious man. 
 e= LD OT, sub. (l^) equality, the middle; the deity 
 
 death; so called perhaps because ^^cequo pulsat pede 
 
 pauperum tabernas regumqueturres/' adj. level, even. 
 e= LD n- ^, sub. certain castes bury their dead in a sitting 
 
 posture, the legs crossed; this word expresses that 
 
 posture. 
 fF L£5^ L_j LD, sub. (^^^Tj^) vicinity, nearness; adj. near, nigh. 
 
 9= 225 LD ^ ^ A9 ^ — 02) LD gr G 5" obr — iS) ld lJ G i— ' otjr, v> a, 
 
 to dress victuals, to cook. 
 9= CS) LD Lu LD, sub. (q^jj-q-;) an occasion, a favourable 
 
 moment, an opportunity ; a general term for the 
 
 sects of philosophy.
 
 150 
 
 P^LbLJrrg^^^/v? ^ — ^ 5- G 5" obr — ^ lLj G LJ our, t'. fl. 
 ( ^5^TTt\rr ) to get, to acquire, to attain ; to enjoy. 
 
 ^LDiSo-LD, sub, (^T^TTO P^^^\ty, abundance, com- 
 pleteness. 
 
 F?= LD i_i (SiiS ^ ^- /V) 6j/ — (5:iS 5" G 5" <3^ — 6:lS lj Q l«i dbr, v. a, 
 to suffer or enjoy ; Gr. iraax^iv. 
 
 fFLDLD^, sub. (TfS^STfri": ) consent, approbation. 
 
 F= LD LD ^ ^ eg^ /y^ SV— ^ 5" G 5" obr: — g^ Lj G M (5qr, t^. w. 
 /)'o;?f ///e sub. to consent, to agree to. 
 
 f^ LJD LD rg S" LD, 5?^^. ( :^t^^: ) connection, alliance. 
 
 p= UL? ^ ST 2/3^3r, sub. a sign, a wink, a beckoning. 
 
 ppcrg=LJD, 5i/Z>. a jest, raillery, pleasantry, banter. 
 
 f?=crLD, 52/Z>. a row or arrangement in a line, a garland, 
 a string of precious stqnes. 
 
 p:rp, «^'. just, right, equal. 
 
 fp rf^ Q LJ T our ^, phrase, it is all right, it hath been ad- 
 justed. 
 
 p=rf»^LD, sub. (SJ"^"^) form, the body, whether of man 
 or other animals. 
 
 e=av)e=cyv, a natureil word, representing the rippling of 
 water, or the whispering of wind through the foliage 
 of trees. 
 
 f?^a\D.rr ^^^ ^, sub. ( SJ^J^'[ ) a spit, a probe, a 
 ramrod . 
 
 F= c\S' ^ ^ A9 s/ — onS 5" G S" (5br— onS lj G i~' obr, t?. /?. to be 
 
 sorrowful, to be dejected. 
 f^cnSlL'l_j, sub. sorrow, dejection. 
 f=^(y\j.JD, sub. (SOqf) a corpse.
 
 151 
 
 ^ (y\-} (y^ LO, sub. written also fp ^ (jbr ld, ( ^^^T ) a pro- 
 phecy, an augury, deduced usually from the flight 
 of birds. 
 
 f:^ AQ/, speit also, &=^ ^, odv, a little; wheji used with the 
 
 affix 2 LD aiid a negative it signifies not even a little, 
 
 not at all. 
 
 e= a^, sub, ( S[j{%: ) Saturn ; a devil. 
 
 (^rr^AO mJ — G ^ ^ (S A9 (5br — e= rr Q oyj ot, v. n. to die. 
 
 e=/T{22)Ln, 5W^. a wink, a hint. 
 
 GP rr ^T) ^ LO, spelt also, gp rr eror es" ld, 52/^. {probably from 
 
 ^jyot) the dung of cattle. 
 gc rr jSg") -TC/ ^ and e= rr 6CTrf ^ see g: rr ■yrTo ef ld. 
 e= rr 6OTr, sz/i. a span. 
 e= /T g- LD, sw^. boiled rice. 
 p: rr ^, s?/Z;. ( ^^Tfrf: ) a caste, a race, a kind, a sex. 
 
 p: rr ^ ^ ^ /V) ^ — ^ §)" G S" (5^ — ^ lLi G 1-J OTj ^'- ^i' to 
 
 persevere, whether with constancy or obstinacy, to 
 be obstinate. 
 
 u^rr^^i^^Q^rj-, comp. of B=rr^, q.v. and (gr ^02) 'X, </. v. 
 a horse of caste, i. e. of good caste ; as we say a man 
 of family, i. e. of good family. 
 
 e=/T^2/r57Tr, sub. perseverance, constancy, obstinacy. 
 
 ^rr ^ ^^ AQ mJ — ^GcKJrobr — sy G c5\-i otjr, v. a. to ap- 
 ply (one thing to another) ; to shut, but without 
 locking, to close ; to put garlands on an image ; to 
 apply (ashes to the forehead). 
 
 B= rr LJ L^ © ^ iVp ^ — iS liD G i-=i (5br — U? (P G cnJ cjbr, i'. a. to 
 eat and drink (a meal). 
 
 e= rr LD LD, sub. ( "^J^i ) a watch or period of three hours.
 
 152 
 
 f^rr ldljg\d, suh. ashes. 
 
 ^ IT LD LJ y^ \_^ ^ C5cJP ^ ^ /T UU, SUl). COJUp. of (^ LQ \_J 0x5, 
 
 q. V. and y^ ^ (yup ef ^ rr lij, a gourd ; a gourd of an 
 
 ash colour. Probably the same variety (cucurbita 
 
 liispida) as the e? ovS lu n-dncr lU \^^(y^ B>u^rr LLi, so 
 
 called from the custom of serving it up at weddings. 
 
 " Espece de longue citrouille, que les voleurs ne 
 
 derobent jamais.'' M.S. Diet. 
 f^n-Luoo, sub. a shadow, likeness, resemblance, image. 
 f?= nr Lu 05^ A9 ^ — iljrs Q^dbr — lu G ovj obr, v. ii. {perhaps 
 from "Ej" — '^3j1rr) to bend, to decline, to go down 
 
 (the sun). 
 e=/TLun^e5n-av)Lb, suh. ( ^|ijc|i|^:, comp. of ^[^, Q\en- 
 
 ing, and cf^|^, time) the evening; metaph. the time 
 
 of death. 
 0= /T rr 6u, suh. a slope, a declivity ; ardent desire ; Lat. 
 
 concubitus. 
 fpir c^ or uTT c^ Q r^ d^ c^3/, suh. a sort of rice of 
 
 superior quality. 
 
 f?= rr 6U, sub. ( ^^ ) death. 
 
 ^ n- (5i| ^ A9 ^, written better, utt ^ aq ^, q. v. 
 
 ^rr2A)^a-LD, suh. (S[[T^) a science, an art; sooth- 
 saying. 
 
 fF n- 2A5 ^ rf^, suh. ( s.||Rn^ ) one read in the sciences, 
 a doctor. 
 
 ^rr^iQM — rr rKju^LD, sub. ( q,with, 3f ^5^ , eight, 31^, a 
 
 member) a reverence by the prostration of the eight 
 
 members, viz. the hands, the feet, the shoulders, the 
 
 breast and the forehead.
 
 153 
 
 ^^(^i a natural word, expressive of force and rapidity. 
 
 f^rf^sr^ /V) mJ — ^5"GS"atjr — rf^LJ G LJotrr, v. n. to laugh, 
 to smile. 
 
 E^a\5, adj. some. 
 
 ^av)6:M> 5z//>^. expenditure, money for expenses; Lat. 
 viaticum ; permission or leave. 
 
 ^ctljot, proper name, (fXj^:) the deity Shivah. 
 
 ^ ^ni mJ-) odj. little, a few, some. 
 
 f^' 2/r5TJT ^ ^ AQ ^> spelt also, ^ OUT Ui ^ Ao mJ — 2yt575r g- 
 Q^a^ or (5OT rs G S" (5br — sa^ lj G LJ (?br or (^tir '_j 
 G i-j <5br, t?. 7?. to be angry. 
 
 ^^^TLD, sub, (sft^) quickness, haste. 
 
 ^ B= eP", interj. fie ! fie ! " Ceux qui savent vivre, ne 
 disent jamais ce mot devant les personnes de dis- 
 tinction, ni hors du discours familier."" M.S, Diet. 
 
 ^g-LD, sub. (S[f|"?t) cold. 
 
 ^ & G^i£)y sub. {perhaps from ^JfJ ) a country, a district. 
 
 ^ LD rr obr, sub. (^ffJfpT) a goodman, a host; an 
 opulent man. 
 
 ^a^ro, sub. (^^) a cloth, clothes. 
 
 e^ a\j (5<3r LD, sub. (3ft^'T) life, a livelihood. 
 
 ^ /vp ^ ^ A9 sjy — a:P ^ G S" obr — a:P lj G i— ' obr, ly. 7?. to 
 hiss, to puff. 
 
 ^SjQobr, 5?/^. (f^^:) a disciple, a pupil. 
 
 Br (P 05^ A9 ^ — ^ La G Lj otJT — ^r © G CJ\J cjtJT, t'. a. to burn, 
 to roast, to bake. 
 
 ersr^, 5?/Z^. (5Tt%:) p^^rity, cleanness; «r7/. clean, pure. 
 
 X
 
 154 
 
 Br^^^TLD, sub. ( Jfrfl":^!!!!! ) purification. 
 
 ^ LDLorr, adj. still, quiet, lazy ; generally used as an adv. 
 
 quietly, simply, only. 
 9r C3 ^' f^ A9 ^ — 0:5 n^ ^ G (TOT obr — qj:^ -iv? (^ G (y>-i o^j "i^'* ^« 
 
 to shrink, to shrivel. 
 Sf (^ J^ (5^ or e? /V3/ Lj (S>, 5w/!>. a roll or scroll : hence the 
 ' word c/iooroot, used by the English in India, to 
 
 signify a roll of tobacco leaf, i. e. a segar. 
 er qv2/ 1—' LD, sub, ( F^Vf ) facility, brevity ; as an adj. 
 
 easy, short. 
 
 or '^ 0^2/ ^ ^ SV — [=P O^ G Z^ OT — LP C^^ G <?^ OtTT, V. n, 
 
 to revolve, to whirl round ; Lat. verti in gyrum. 
 Br 1=^ iv? A^/ ^ A9 ^ — L_p /vp /vp G <5^ (^ — i=P do mjQ, a\J obTj 
 
 1?. «. to cause to revolve, to whirl round, to turn. 
 B? oVt Gjvrg e= g? oVr o^sTj, a natural word, expressing the 
 
 sense of oppression or suffocation produced by 
 
 heat. 
 Br A^ O", a natural word, expressing rapidity of action ; 
 
 also, smarting pain. 
 Br-^v^/^^LD OY Br ^n/ ^ <^, sub. vivacit3% fervour, activity ; 
 
 sharpness, haste. 
 Br ^ z^j sub. a circuit, a round about way; adj. circuitous. 
 ^ jv)j:iy^^ mJ — "dr ^ ^^Q<J^ d^ — BPiVp/v2/Ga\jabr, v. a. 
 
 to surround, to envelope, to pass round. 
 (^ ov) rg rr oVt, sub. an unlucky day. 
 ^_p, hifin. from <^(^ ^^ ^, q. v. used adierbialli/, 
 
 around. 
 
 ;^ (^ ^ A9 ^ — S =p rs G 5" otJT — % (^ G o\J obr, f. a. to 
 surround, to environ.
 
 155 
 
 (gff i q , sub. a shrub. 
 
 QfP'LQ., sub. a merchant, one of the caste of merchants. 
 This word is not synonymous with g\_} ^ lu obr, the 
 third of the four orders of Hindoos ; but denotes a 
 certain subdivision of that order: a female of this 
 caste is called (2g='LQL e=^. 
 
 G^lLi(^a9s> — Gf^LuGS't5br — G ^ '-Ij G o\J ot, v- (^i- to 
 do, to make. 
 
 Qf^Lu^, sub. news, intelhgence. 
 
 Q9=o^ ego/ ^ ^ SJ — G f5= obr G A9 obr — G ^ (^ c^^ G cj\j ^, 
 t;. a. and ?i. to receive; to pass (to a place), to pass 
 (money), to pass (with regard to time); to stand good 
 in law; to be expended. For one of its uses see 
 A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 110. 
 
 G ^ (y^i-^9 sif^' the ear. 
 
 G 5= (5ii 02) c5\-), adj. straight, direct, right. 
 
 Gs=<5OTrLD, sub. a saddle. 
 
 G9=@"LDj sub. (^;^) loss, damage. 
 
 G^Ljdld, sub. (gJT) interment, burial. 
 
 G^L^^^A^sy — u5^5-GS"atjr — u5^[li(2LJarK,v.a. to bury. 
 
 G ^ 03" ^ A9 s^ — G^ 'XCB G ©"(^^ — Gf?=(OJGo\-j jbr, t'. a. and ;/. 
 to be collected, to assemble, to approach, to arrive at. 
 
 Q9=^:^, sub. mire, mud. 
 
 Q^^iiSUi^ 2/y^n", see u=us^^ s/rtn". 
 
 Ge=/Trf^^A9^ — rf^CDGS'c^br — rf^ G G^_J ^j <-'• ?i. to 
 glide down (as corn from a heap), to shower down, 
 to trickle down. 
 
 X 2
 
 156 
 
 G e= n- ej ^ A9 mJ — 03 ^ G o^ c^dr — 03 (g; G o^-i 6^, v. a. to 
 sheath, to stick in(the bosom — a girdle — the pocket,&c.) 
 
 G ^ n- ov) qo/ ^ A9 gv — Q> ^ ^ cjtjr Q our obr — G e= rr ov) q^ 
 Go^-JOTj ^^- «• to say, to speak, to tell. 
 
 G ^ ^ ^^ ^ A9 ^ — ^ ST G 5" ot^ — ^ LJ G LJ (5br, v. a, 
 (sn^tf^f ) to examine, to try. 
 
 Q3=''T ^rf a_Q LD, sub. ( ^^^flfrf^ ) astronomy, astrology. 
 G^^S'^LULD, 5w6. (^cj n«^ ) a profound sleep, alethargy. 
 Q ^ rr LJ LD, sub. languor, faintness, a swoon ; idleness. 
 Qb^/t LDG^, sub. a cloth of eight cubits length, Avorn 
 
 around the waist by men. 
 G 9= rr 2ya>3, sub. a grove. 
 Gepn-AQ/, sub. boiled rice; the pith of certain palms of 
 
 which a kind of sago is made. 
 
 2A) ^ rt^i sub. ( ^1 ) like Tuvj), sigmfying a woman gene- 
 rally, or a wife in particular. 
 
 2A) S^ ^ ^ ^ AO ^ — ^ 5" G S" <5^ — ^ lIj G 1_J (5^, t'. «. 
 
 ( ^fifri: ) to praise, to flatter. 
 
 ^ rr o^ ^ Lo, s?/Z>. memory, recollection, reason. 
 ^n-LULD, sw6. (J^TRTO justice, reason, right, propriety. 
 '^ IT our LD-> sub. (^|T«T) wisdom, intelligence, spirituahty. 
 
 gr ^ _- — ' (5t5r, sz/Z>. quasi g- © ld lIj l_i (5br, m contradistinction 
 to ^ ivp A9 L- L_' abr, the father's younger brother, and 
 C'— '^LULJL- '(5ur, the father's elder brother; a father.
 
 157 
 
 S" K- 0:5 ^ A9 ^ — Es- Q^ 03 G S" (5^ — ^ 03 G G\-)abr, c. 72. to fall 
 
 to pieces, to break in pieces. 
 g7©^ivp^ — 5- ^ G ^ (5tjr — g- © G cru GtJT, t^. ??. to be 
 
 fitting or proper ; Lat, convenire. A. G. Sect. 84. 
 g- 22) ffi- e^ /v} gy — gr q^u^ r^ Q^ obr — 5" 02) ^ G o^ (5^^ ■^'- ^• 
 
 to hinder, to forbid, to stop. 
 S-ai/K"LjLJLb22)L:3, sub. the girth of a Saddle. 
 g-rK; 0§^ A9 ^ — s" n^ ^ G (5OT (JCJT — ^ 'TU^Q a\j o^, v. n. to 
 
 rest, to stay, to halt, to sojourn. 
 5" ^ © ^ A9 557, see ^ r^j ^ ^ ^. 
 ^ Ln ^ ^ A9 Sy — C5^^ G (3^ 6^ — <51| G OVJ (5OT, t;. O. tO tOUch, 
 
 to rub, to stroke ; Lat. palpare. 
 
 gr i O j 5wZ>. a Stick, a cudgel. 
 
 5-L_^/T, a natural word, expressing suddenness. 
 
 This word, like all those of a similar nature, is used 
 with the verb srobr^A^^, which seems to serve 
 as a kind of introduction to what has of itself no 
 regular meaning in the language. A. G, Part I of 
 Sect. 99. 
 
 S" (S) Ln ^ ^ A9 ^ — 62) Lzi 5" G 5" d^ — <SS) Lza LJ G LJ (5^, V. a. 
 to hinder, to obstruct. 
 
 ©■ Lij (5^ ^ /V) ^ — -LQ. C o^ d^ — i^ (5^ G o^-i stJT, V. a. to pat, to 
 rap, to knock. 
 
 S-(5cm-aNj, s?/6. burning coal. 
 
 ^ 6rfer 6OTf* 'x, sz/^. cow/?, of g- (Sott, cold, and r^ rj-^ water; 
 cold water, water generally. In common language 
 i_j e= 02) ^ 5" S" ^^ <5ncyp d^ is cold, literally, green or 
 raw water; so called because it has not been 
 boiled.
 
 158 
 
 ^ 05 5" n- a\j(5ur ld, sub. comp. of ^T^f, a tooth, and ^ff^Jf, 
 
 cleansing ; the act of cleaning the teeth. 
 ^ ^15 g^ o" LD, sub. ( rT^^ ) ^ trick, a stratagem, a device. 
 g-C- M cyx? e^ (^ A9 ^ — (Ji^ ^ (2 5" (Jot — <5:lS lU C i— ' ot?r, 
 
 1'. causal from ^ lj m ^ a9 ^7? |Z- '<^- to cause to escape. 
 ^ '_u M f^ ^ mJ — L_? G <5^ OT — L_4 G a\J ^, ^- n- to escape. 
 ^LDL?, 5?/^. a younger brother, a younger male first 
 
 cousin ; used also, in familiar discourse, by any person 
 
 to one much his junior. 
 ^llSaq/, spelt also, ^uS &^ sub. curdled milk. 
 
 S- CC9 ^ A9 ^ — S" r5Qw OT — g- o G a\J obr, i". cr. to give. 
 
 A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 110. 
 g- 2/TO, ^7/^. the head, a principal. 
 
 cloth, or properly the warp before it is crossed b}' the 
 woof; a turban. " Linge de trente coudees, dont 
 on ceint la tete." M.S. Did. 
 
 5" (Tu LD, sub. ( rfXIf: ) penance. 
 
 S" o^ A^/ ^ A9 ^ — ovj Acp G (5^ otJT — o\j AQ/ G a\j (5ur, r. ?/. 
 to totter, to stumble, to make a false step, to err. 
 
 ^ <5^lS ^ 9f^ ao sy — <3^^ ^ Q^ obr — g^lS lj G 1-J (5br, t^. ?i. to 
 be fatigued, to be sinking from weariness. 
 
 g- ens rr, infin. of g- c^lS (Tp ^ A9 S/5 w^et/ aclverbially, ex- 
 cept, beside. A. G. Part 3 of Sect. 100. 
 
 5- 1^ 6IJ ^ A9 SV — ^5"^^ G (5^ OT — (5ij G (Tu obr, t'. «. to en- 
 compass with the arms, to embrace. 
 
 ^ rSVT LD Lh ^ A9 ^ LD \S Q C^ (jbr LD M G (TU (^^T, V. 71. 
 
 to undulate, to shake (as Avater in a vessel which is 
 moved).
 
 159 
 
 B5" Osn- ^^^ ^ — ovT /J- r5 (2 g- (5br — ovr 0:5 G <yu obr, r. 7i. 
 
 to be relaxed, to be infirm — feeble — decrepid. 
 gr 2/JVT ^ /V} ^ — 2/3vr cb G g- obr — st/ovr G (Tu (^br, i'^ n. to 
 
 be fettered. 
 g- a/wr b" ^ A9 ^ — a/cvr s" G 5" (5br — Sj^jyt lj G lj otir v. a, 
 
 to fetter the legs of an animal when turned out to 
 
 feed, to fetter generally. 
 g- /JO/ oxj rr Lu, sub. a juncture, an opportunity, a time. 
 gr ^ LD LD, iiuh. ( ^'5^^ ) charity, virtue, such as leads to 
 
 good Avorks. 
 g- /^ LiP 2lc M otyr, suh. (^ffJj"^) a charitable person, a 
 
 man of good works. 
 5" CT^ 5" g" (5^ Lu n- lLi, g Jt?. reduplication of g- o^, alone ; 
 
 one by one, separately. 
 g-obro^iLD, suh. mode or manner ; see @ g- g" ot^r 02) ld. 
 g- rr ^ (^ A9 ^, syncope for g- rr ^ © ^ aq ^ — g- rr ui ^ 
 
 Q a^ OUT — g- n- B" © G <y>-J c5tjr, v. a, to combat, to 
 
 come against, to butt, to dash against ; to attain. 
 ^ IT nil ^ j^ gy — g- rr m ^ Q (5^ obr — g^ n* ov (g G c?\-i c5br, 
 
 1'. o. to support, to endure; to ward off; to lean 
 
 upon. 
 grr Lb L-? ^nrrp g\j rr cr, written also, g- rr lj lj d^rsP oyj rr ^ 
 
 and g: rr /^ L>i) 6roP ovj rr &, sub. a thong to fasten the 
 
 saddle to tlie bridle or halter ; a bearing rein. 
 g rr 6:ror © B?' aq S>' — ^ '^ <5^ 1 9- G (5v5r obr — g" rr ^ott (R> 
 
 Go^Gbr, 1'. a. to jump over, to skip over, to 
 
 surmomit. 
 g- rr ovj 2/ovr, written also, g- rr cTi^ ayovr, 5?/&. an alleviation, 
 
 amelioration; adj. well.
 
 160 
 
 g- rr obr, reflect, proji. himself, herself, itself A. G. Part I 
 of Sect. 57. 
 
 ^ i-^ ^, see 5- '_£?. d". 
 
 ^Lb©^, sub. abuse, scolding, imprecation. 
 
 g^6OTr2/^3Tnyr, sub. a kind of bench made of brick or mud, 
 
 and usually occupying the portico and outside of 
 
 an Indian house. 
 5- cr (5X5 Lu LD, sub. {^^) riches, money. 
 ^ o" (5xs Lu C5VJ 'T (5br, sub. i^^MHl^^) a rich man. 
 g^ o" oVt, sub. abundance ; adj. abundant, numerous, 
 
 thick or in crowds. 
 ^rr IT 6mP, spelt also g^c^dnrrp, sub. strength, ability; 
 
 possessions ; dignity ; talent. 
 g^rP^A9^y — ^rf^rg Q> ^ abr — ^ rp> Q (Tu obr, v. n. 
 
 ( "^^^ ) to wander, to vacillate. 
 
 g^ rp ^ 05^ AQ ^ — 3" rf^ 5- (3 g- OT — ^ rf'LjQ'^ abr, V. a. to 
 
 twist a rope, to turn a handmill. 
 g^cr^S^^AQ^- — cr^ L.<^ Q our obr — (^ & Q s\-i abr, v. a, 
 
 to steal. 
 ^ q:^ Lb (F^, sub. a theft. 
 ^^(rFLDi—', 2/^". from ^03 LDL-i^A^ S/j (/• 'J^. w^ec? ad' 
 
 terbially, again. A. G. Part 6 of Sect. 96. 
 
 g^ (Tp LD M ^ i^ ^ — ^ LDiS G GUT obr — or LD i_j G c5\-i abr, 
 
 V. n. to turn, to return, to turn back. 
 ^ C5 fiu o\nr LD, sub. comp. 0/* g^(r^, sacred, 07?f/ s_ Gvn- lo, 
 
 mind ; the will (of God — of a king — of any great 
 
 personage). 
 ^^ A9 ^ r^ A9 ^ — A9 r^Q^ obr — Ao Lj G 1— I obr, t;. a. to open.
 
 I6l 
 
 g^ (yor LD, sub, ( f§^ ) a day. 
 
 @^ <5OT G5 ^ 0^ Lb, «^t^. (^(5OT Lo repeated) daily. 
 
 gT obr er A9 gv — ^ obr (3 ^^ otyr — ^ our C l_i abr, i?. n. to eat ; 
 
 more commonly used ^vith respect to animals than men. 
 ^abr(22)LD, s?/Z>. evil; especially de'aXh, 
 ^, 5?/6. fire. *'y4w Afadurc, ne se dit que du feu do 
 
 V incendie.^' M.S. Diet. 
 
 ^Lb(P0?^A^^ — 'LQ. G (5^ o^ — i!=i (B' Q (y\-i abr, v. a. to 
 sharpen; to beat rice from its husk. 
 
 ^Lu^3)LD, sub. evil. 
 
 ^ q:? ^ A9 ^ — ^ cr '15 (S 5" obr — ^ (T? G cru obr, v. n. to be 
 settled or cleared up, to finish, to cease; to be cured. 
 
 ^&^^ £D mJ — ^ ^ ©■ G 5" obr — ^ ^ Lj G L_i (5ur, v. a. 
 to finish, to settle (a dispute, an account), to expiate 
 (an offence), to pay a debt; hat. lucre; to correct. 
 
 ^ 'T' 5" 5" LO, sub. ( rff^f ) water, usually holy water. 
 
 ^ /:r lU M> ^- sub. from the verb ^ /j-^ ^ aq ^' ; a decision, 
 an award of arbitrators. 
 
 ^ "fiDiT (5nr LD, s^/^. a decision, a decree. 
 
 ^/f'22)(yLj, s?^^. a judgment of condemnation or ac- 
 quittal, a sentence of death. 
 
 ^ (5:ij? SATjyr, 5wi. an evil action, ill luck. 
 
 S/^^LXi, s?/^. (^:?^) sorrow, grief, mourning. 
 
 ^v^rKi ^AQ ^ — La '~k/ ^Q <5ur obr — L3 os. (g G cjvj abr, v. a. 
 
 to begin. 
 ^L=:C[3^^ ^S or better, Q ^ nr l::^ (r^ ^ ao ^ — u ^ rg 
 
 G 5" (5br — L=i (r5 G cru obr, o. o. to follow, to pursue. 
 
 ^ ' 9 ^ f^ iiO S/ — '. 9 5" G 5" OT — ' . 9 LJ G l-_i otjr, x^. 7?. to 
 
 pant, to throb, to struggle, to twitch or be convulsed. 
 
 Y
 
 162 
 
 ^22)i-=:> 5W&. the thigh. 
 
 S^^^L3U> ^^ ^ — 02) Lt! 5" G 5" O^ — 22) ^ LJ G I— I obr, V. a. 
 
 to wipe. 
 ^ 6TOr ^ A9 ^ — ^ (SotT r5 (S S" ot — ^ 6otP G oxj obr, v. a. 
 
 to dare, to venture to do. 
 gy 02^ ^ (S", « natural word, expressive of shuddering. 
 ^ 6m- Lu LD, sub. a piece, a morsel. 
 ^ 6m- (5^, S2/Z>. a piece, a morsel. 
 S/'^^LD S2/^. (rT^SJ;) ahorse. 
 ^rf^g-LD, si/&. (2"f^ri') misfortune, evil, calamity. 
 Sy o\j Ui^^ sy> ^i/^^^' y<^^ ^ o^J ^ © ^ ^ s^ — cyu ^ ^ 
 
 G c5^ <5br — c5\J ^ © G (Tlj {5br, v. a. to begin. 
 
 ^ (5\J (5^v^ ^ AQ Sy 0\-l <5^ G L:=l 0^7 (TU O^^T^ (2 CJVJ (5br, t'. W-. 
 
 to jield, to warp, to shrink, to bend. *' Au Madure, 
 
 le debitcur, qui ne pent payer, etre a la merci de 
 
 son creancier.^' M.S. Did. 
 ^GvTcsvf^, spelt usually, ^o^rf^, sub. a drop. 
 gy ovT (5^^ i^ ^ sy — o^rf^Ga^a^ — o^vcsGouobr, v. n, to 
 
 leap, to skip, to jump for joy. 
 Sy ^ (y\j 0= (5OT LD, sub. ( S"T, particle implying ill, ^^5^, 
 
 speech) abuse, improper language. 
 ^(jbrLJLD, sub. affliction, calamity, adversity. 
 ^/T ^ e> Lo, s?^/!>. sleep. 
 
 S/r ^ ^ A9 s/j s^^'c- /or g/r ^ © ^ A9 ^ — B?^ G OOT obr — S 
 Go\JOT, V. a. to lift, to weigh, to carry suspended, 
 to lend the hand to raise one who is fallen. 
 
 gj/r rrj^ AQ ^ — ^/VTj ^ G (5^ d^ — 35/^ nv (g G <3^ obr? v. n. 
 to sleep. 
 
 S/r(5^i qlo^, SW&. a hook, a fishing hook.
 
 163 
 
 ^A'O'LD, adj. (^~^) far, distant. 
 
 S/r(5u0?' A9 ^ — <5-:lS Q our db: — 6i\Q(y\ja^, v. a. to sprinkle, 
 to strew lightly. 
 
 G S" lij o\J LD, sub. ( ^^: ) a deity. 
 
 CsTf^^AQsy — n^r^QWO^ — rPG(yu(5br, i^. 72. to see, lo 
 know, to understand ; to select. Frequently used 
 impersonally in the future : as, 5ra^ ^ © 5" C 5" '^u-j LO5 
 it is known to me, i, e. I know. 
 
 G S" 0> 5?/Z>. a street. 
 
 G^cC3 6i\, see Q^anj. 
 
 G^OstT'^ Ao mJ — o\rP r5 G S" (5br — GsTf^ Q G\-icrbT, v. n. to 
 
 be clear, to grow clear. 
 G 5" GVl=^ ^ ^ Ao ^ — QNTf^ S" G 05" obr — ov^ uj G LJ abr, v. a. 
 
 to sprinkle, to strew, to sow. 
 
 G S" A:P ^ ^ A9 ^ /Vp g- G S" O^ iV^ LJ G LJ OtJT, l^ 7l. to 
 
 snap or break off; to splash about as water when 
 beaten ; to start (the eye out of the head), to break 
 (water against rocks) ; v. a. to fire pellets from a 
 bow : G S" ^^ cTi5 ob qo/, a pellet bow. 
 
 G 5" 6" ^ A9 65/ — I. c? G (7^ (5br — (5* G cn-i obr, t'. fl. to seek. 
 
 G S" Lu ^ ^ A9 ^ — G ^ Lu gr G S" (^ — G 5" lu lLi G l_' abr, 
 t?. fl. to scrub, to clean by rubbing. 
 
 G5"o\j(5br, suh. {Z^i) a deity. 
 
 G 5" o^-i n- g^ (5T3r L£), swZ>. ( c^^q |(\«1 ) the providence of 
 
 God ; used adverbially, signifies by chance, or rather 
 
 the Lat. divinitus. 
 
 G 5" /vj/ ^ A9 SJ — M^ G (5^ (5br — /v}/ G c5\J OT, r. n. to be 
 comforted, to take courage, to rally. 
 
 Y 2
 
 164 
 
 Q^ ^£nJ^ /^ W — ^ G <5^ d^ — J^J G o\J obr, v. a. to con-, 
 
 sole, to animate. 
 CS'O^j 5i/Z>. honey. 
 
 52) S" ^ ^ A9 ^' — ^2) S" 5" G 5" O^ — 52) 5" LJ G LJ (5br, f . a. to. 
 
 »• 
 
 prick, to sew, to penetrate, hoth lit. and metaph, 
 
 V. n. to hang down. 
 
 Q^ iTi^^^ AO SJ — L^ 'T CB G 5" (Jbr — Ln (TJ G (5^-l dor, v. a^^ 
 to bind, to tie; to follow. 
 
 G 5" /^ (5^ ^ ^ SJ — G ST /T Lj G La obr — G 5" n- (^ g oxj obr, 
 i\ a. to touch. 
 
 G S" ^ © ^ ^ iy? S/' — G 5" n- (b^ gr G S" o^ — Q g- nr (S> l_i G i— ' obr, ^ 
 
 r. fl. to make to adhere; to string flowers. 
 Ggrn-'LQ., sub. a large vase, a trough. 
 QW IT i3^^3)T<, sub. trouble, inconvenience, difficulty : 
 
 a Teloogoo word. 
 Q^ rr rs ^, sub, the belly, the paunch. 
 C S^'^lJj L_i, a ?2fl^^w^«^ a^or Jexpressiveof the noise which a heavy 
 
 body makes when falling on the ground or into water. 
 Q^- rr [Li L-' obr, see g- k" lj i_j (yjr. 
 G ^ rr Lu u^ ^ AO mJ — G S" ^ Lu 5" G er (5t5r — G gr n- Lu uj 
 
 CLJobr, V. a. to immerse. 
 G 5" ^ cro, s?/^. skin, leather, the pod or Imsk of seeds, 
 
 the peel of fruit, the skin of kernels ; Lat. cutis. ^ 
 G 5" n- obr /v^/ d?^ A9 ^ — G^ /T-abrAcPG(5iJrabr — G^ Tdbr/vy 
 
 G G\-i 5br, V. 71. to appear, to suggest itself (to the 
 
 judgment, imagination or senses). '
 
 16^ 
 
 C 5" n- 2_c Li), sub. ( ^t^; ) a sin/ malignity, uhethev 
 physical or moral. 
 
 r5 ^ ^ A9 S/, sync, for 13 ^ ^ ^ aq ^—r5 ^^Q<5^ dm— 
 
 rg ^ @ G ctlj otJT, t?. a. to lick. 
 r5 5= ^ rs 'T" ^ LD, sub. comp. of r5 B^^, the adjective form of 
 
 rB *^ cfr, poison, and rg rr ^ ld, (^TPTO ^ snake ; a 
 
 poisonous serpent. 
 
 r5L3^^A9^ — LnrsGS'O^ — Ln lj G LJ obr, t'. n. to go, 
 to walk, to take place, to be usual, to succeed. 
 
 rg (5», sub. the middle. 
 
 r^ 22) L3, swi. walk, gait, mien. 
 
 r5 22) 1-3 5?^ Ln LD, s?<&. a virandah, a porch, the entrance 
 of a house. 
 
 r5 g^, sub. (5T<Ct) driver. 
 
 r5 LD 2AD 0y> rr rr LD, sw6. ( •TT^TT* ) salutation, re- 
 verence, adoration. 
 
 rs Lu LD LJ Lu LD, sub. comp. of rgLULD, kindness, and 
 LJ Lu LD, fear ; coaxing and threatening. 
 
 rgaNJOV!, adj. good. 
 
 r5(f^6^LS^f^^, sub. comp. of r^d^, good, and cn-Ss/^irr, 
 temper ; good fortune, happiness, good conduct. 
 
 G5cruLD, sub. (5^) newness; adj. new; the number 
 nine, marked thus, m> . 
 
 r5(5br22)LD, sub. a good, a benefit, happiness. 
 
 rg C5br c^ LU, adv. from r^ am tojy good ; well. 
 
 r5/Te=LD, sid). ( ^TRF* ) destruction, extinction.
 
 166 
 
 r^ IT Q L3 T jvy LDf odv. daily. ^ 
 
 rg /T M rr (5br, deiiv. iwiin, from /]5 rr (5*, a country ; an in- 
 habitant, the head of a village or district. 
 
 rg rr Lu, sub. a dog. 
 
 rg rr qo/, 7mm. four ; marked tJms, e=J ; qfteii used indefinitely, 
 for several. 
 
 r^ rr y?a3) ^, suh, an Indian hour of twenty-four minutes, 
 used sometimes for the distance walked in that time. 
 
 r^ rr ^j-r, sub. a natural day of Iwenty-four hours. 
 
 rg rr 6^^ u> ^ r3 rr avT, adv. daily, from day to day. 
 
 r^iTAy^AO ^ — rg rr /vp Q (jar obr — rg ^ ^^3^ (2 (^u otjr, .t?. w. 
 to stink. 
 
 r3 rr /:^LJ gy, ??z/w. forty ; marked thus u^ uu. 
 
 r5 ^ .^2? (5:l2 W ld, /rom rg nr .55) /or rg rr c^, four, cr?zJ- 
 (SiL? S" LO, a sort ; different kinds, all sorts, in all ways.. 
 
 r0^ e= 9= LU LO, sub. (f^?r^:) certainty, ascertainment. 
 r0^ 0= e= LL? ^ 05^ A9 s^ — LL? 5" G 5" obr — ll? lj (2 lj (5br, v. a. to 
 ascertain, to verify, to be convinced of. 
 
 rg^g-S-LDorrf^g-g^LULD, adv. ( f%^ ) always ; as an adj. 
 
 eternal, continual. 
 ^^^'22)rri sub. ( Pf^| ) sleep. 
 
 f^ LD ^ LD, or better, r^uP^MLO, sub. (■(%fjrq': ) a moment. 
 r0^Lf5^5- s" LO, sw6. (PifHri) cause, sake, a motive; an augury. 
 
 rg^ U5^ 2-Q LD, SCe r^ LD f5= LD. 
 
 r^'XLD_i05^iv:s/--LbL_?Go^abr — LDMGcTuabr, t^. w. to 
 grow full.
 
 X67 
 
 rS'<22>T-i sub. a row, an arrangement in a line. 
 rS^oxsLD, sub. a place, the ground, the soil, the land. 
 
 rg^ 2/mD (2 ^ n- o\rr C520 ^ A9 ^> "V. n, from rp^MPo, station, 
 a7id QUi IT csNTT (5^G5 ^ A9 svj ^'t V. to be firm or settled, 
 to be established. 
 
 rg^ ab Qo/ ^ A9 ^ or rp^^/V)^ — rPa^QAOcbr — r^o^ 
 Qo/ G c5\j (5br, V. 71. to stand, to stay, to be durable. 
 
 rg^L-pob, 5w6. a shade or shadow ; metaph. protection. 
 
 rg" to i-!d> sub. colour. 
 
 t;. a. to make to stand, to stop; to place or set up. 
 f^ A^/ L£) rr 6OTr LD, sub. (t%J{T*t) nakedness. 
 rg^ 22) A9 ^ A9 ^ — 02) A9 rg G 5" (5^ — 22) A9 G (yu (5br, t^. ??. to 
 
 be full ; the infin. rg'^^^iuis used as an adverb, fully. 
 rg^22) ^ G cruiv^/^ A9 ^ — G a^-J /vpG cjot obr — G (Tu aq/ 
 
 G cyu otjT, t^. 7z. to be accomplished or fulfilled (sa- 
 crifice or prayer). 
 rp^^ /^O Sy? see rg^ o\d c^j/ ^ /V) ^* 
 rp ^fSTTT m^^ mJ — 2Aor ^Q,^ OUT — 2AJ^5r lj G i— 1 o^? ^'- "• 
 
 to think. 
 r^OUTAQ/, vineiyech. from r^ £^^ a£> ^, used with nouns of 
 
 place in the local ablative to express motus a loco : as, 
 
 QUi rr 6:l£ onS" <5^ obr aq/ (tu m Q^ obr, I came from 
 
 the church. A. G. Part 2 of Sect. 49- 
 r§>^^ tD mJt sync, for rg* e^@^ A9 sy — rB' ^^Q<5^ (5br — 
 
 rg^ ^ (^ G (Tu obr, v. a. to reject, to remove, to leave 
 
 out, to do away, to subtract. 
 rp n{j^ AQ ^ — rp rk/ ^ G (5^ o^ — rP n^^Q cyu c5tJr, t^. w. to 
 
 retire ; to wear off, to come off.
 
 168 
 
 rg* 1^3 6* ^ /V} mJ — ^ 'LQ. C (5or c5dr — r^^ ij ^ G ovj c^ur,. v, a, to 
 
 stretch forth, to protract. 
 05*^, sub. (^fff^) justice, truth. 
 '1^ ^ 5" LO, see rg^ 5" g- Lb. 
 rg^ r^ ^ ^ AQ gy, written vulgarly r^<^^^AO mJ — ^ ^ ^ 
 
 Q OOT c5tTr — rg* '^ Br G ovj obr, v. w. to swim. 
 r0* Ju, per5. j9ro7i. thou. A. G. Part 1 of Sect, 57. 
 rg* d^, sub. water, urine. 
 T^^ovTLO, 5i/6. length. 
 
 £F S2) yi f^ A9 ^ — 22) \:j^r3Q>^ (^br — 02) y:i G cru <5br, t'. a. to 
 
 enter crouching, to creep in. 
 £5/(5^? sub* an end, extremity, tip. 
 CSyTm/, num. a hundred; marked thus, ^\. 
 C5.'T^<2^^LD\—i s^y mm. a hundred and fifty; marked 
 
 thus, Mt^LU. 
 
 Qr5'^^LD, written also G C5 '^ ef, sub, the heart ; metaph. 
 
 the mind, the soul, the will, the conscience. 
 C rg (5» 02) LD, sub. length ; adj. G ^5 ©'j long. 
 G CB Lu, sub. ghee, melted butter. 
 GCB^^sT/v? ^ — Gc^rf^S'GS'abr — G cb rf^ lj G i~' obr, v. a. 
 
 to break down with noise, to crush, to pound, to 
 
 crack (the fingers). 
 (Ir^^i^^ /T) ^ — Gnsc^-^e^'GawcjOT — Qr^^ r^ ^ 
 
 Gcyu(5ur, v.n, to be squeezed, to be crowded. 
 Gi>'^LJL_i, sub. fire. 
 Qr5(T^c^, sub. rice, before it is freed from the husk, 
 
 in India called by the English Paddy.
 
 169 
 
 Q 13 ov^ ^ A9 B^ — Q rg o\rf CB G 5" obr — G G5 C3srf^ G cyu cjtjr, 
 
 V. n. to wriggle, to writhe. 
 G CB sio La ©^ ^ LD, s'w6. ( f^^"^ ) cruelty ; adj. cruel. 
 Qm^LDi 5//^. affection; virtuous love. 
 G CB S" ^j ^P^^^ ^^^^^ Gr5^A^, s«6. beauty, neatness, 
 
 elegance; adj. beautiful, neat, elegant. 
 Qr^rj- iJq, sub, time, occasion ; lateness ; a crime or fault. 
 0,13 /^ yvp, sub. a vow. 
 Qr5 yv) a^/, sub. yesterday. 
 
 Qf3 IT (SOTT I 9 , vineiyech. from 0,3 rr 6Sut (^^' aq S/> to be 
 
 lame ; i^5e<:/ adjedively, lame. 
 G CB n- er^ A9 s/ — G ^5 n- rg G S" J?^ — G IB n- G o^ (5t5r, i'. n. 
 
 to ache or smart ; to be sick ; Lat. dolere. 
 Gcsn-fiij, sub. sickness, pain. 
 
 L-' ^ 0^, 5Z<Z;. day, correlative with ry rr, night. 
 
 Lj EF s- LD, 5?/i. ( ^^: ) the side. 
 
 !_' ^, sub. hunger. 
 
 i_i0f, 67^6. (Tlf^:) in Sanscrit this word signifies an animal 
 
 in general, but in Tamul by antonomasia, an ox, or, 
 
 more commonly, a cow : thus in Italian the word 
 
 animale is used colloquially for a hog. 
 L_' 5r 02) LD, sub. grecnncss ; adj. l_i Sr ld or l_j e= s? or 
 
 i_je=(i2)5p, green, raw. 
 L_"^ e= 02) 1-3 ^ A9 ^ — 02) u r5 G 5" otJT — 52) L13 G a\-J otjr, f. //• 
 
 to be dim or overcast, as the countenance or eves of 
 
 a dying man. 
 
 z
 
 170 
 
 LJ <^ 9= n- o" LO, sub. the age of a horse or bullock. -) 
 
 i_j "^ 5rj sub. cotton, wool. 
 
 !_! Ln 03; ^ A9 SJ — LJ l_r) cr rg (2 ^ ot— UJ L=3 CCp G <5\-J obr, t'. 7?, 
 
 to spread. , 
 
 '_' _<:;l, 5^/Z^. a measure, a manner, degree ; the step of 
 a door. A. G. Sect. 153. 
 
 to learn ; to read, to chant, to recite. ^ 
 
 i—'i—Q.LULS'^^AQSy — L^ 5" G S" c5tyr — LJ'LjGLJatjr, V. caiisalf 
 to cause to learn, to teach. Governs two Accusatives. 
 
 LJ®^ ^ SJ — LJ Li3 G La obr — LJ (S'Qg\-j d^y V' a- to suffer ; 
 to be the patient in an action. A. G. Sect. 76 and 107. 
 
 LJ 'P ^ 02) e5-, sub. abed, a couch. 
 
 LJ S' ^ ^ A9 ^ 1_! ©^ S" G S" <3^ L-J (5^ 'Jj G L-J OtJT, V. 11. to 
 
 lie down. 
 LJ 6" 5" sy ^ AO sv — ^ G (5OT OT — sjy G a\J obr, t^. causal, to 
 
 cause to suffer. A. G. Sect. 107. 
 LJ 03' Lu Lu n- e= ^, s?/Z>. one of a particular caste of 
 
 Soodras or cultivators; synonymous with ljovtostP. 
 LJiJ3f?=LD, written also lj^efld, s«^. (^^O love, affec- 
 tion, partiality; the side. 
 LJ '\-Q. ^ 55- rr (5^5 sub. a hamlet, a woodland village : " lj Lb 
 
 L_i?. F^ ej n- 'LQ. G ^^^ cTx? ivp ^^ ^, aller vendre par les 
 
 villages." WI.S. Bid. 
 LJ 'LO- tfutrf^, sub. the state of fasting, or rather, of subsisting 
 
 on very light diet; regimen. 
 LJ (STJ^rr LD, 5i/6. ( "Cnrr ) a fanam ; a silver coin of which 
 
 forty-five make a Star Pagoda (i^ crucrn- ^obr). 
 
 'J'hc fanam varies in value in different parts; at
 
 171 
 
 Madras it is equal to about 2|J. There are like- 
 wise gold fanams, chiefly in use on the AVestern side 
 of the Peninsula : the word is also used, like the 
 Lat. nummus, for money in general. 
 
 to stoop, to lower or humble one's self. 
 LJ 6OTf Lu rr o" LD, suh. a cake, a fritter. 
 Lj <5cfor La rr rr LD, suh, one of a peculiar sect of Shaivas, 
 
 who, though not Brahmans, devote their lives to 
 
 religion and subsist on charity. 
 LJ 6tfor (Sm^ ^ AQ ^ — LJ 6OTr 6TOf Q cj^ otjr — ' ^ 6OTr <5^^' 
 
 Q>(5\j(yc!T, V. a. to make, to do. 
 iU5"av)LD,K"n7/e?io/soL_'^anrLD,caution,care,circumspection. 
 L-.I g- a:^ ^ A9 mJ — L_j g- /vp Q cj^j? cbr — i_j g- /v^/ (^ cru ^br, v. n. 
 
 to be in a hurry, to be over hasty. 
 
 LJ^n^^AOS/ — L_JS/^^Gc5^ obr — L_i ^ -^ © G (T'-j abr , 
 V, 71. to crouch, to skulk for the purpose of concealment. 
 
 \-j^^^6>^^ mJ — i-J <22) gr g- G S" C5br — lj ^S) g- lj C— ' obr, 
 
 V. n. to palpitate, to pant. 
 L-.ig-g^, 67;^*. (^tW:) piety, faith. 
 L_i S" ^, ??z<w. ten ; marked thus, lu : sometimes used in- 
 
 dejiniteli/., as lj^ ^lLiQlj ^, a number of persons. 
 
 I— I 5" Sy 3?^ AO S/> *^^ L_i ^ AQ/ ^ A9 ^. 
 
 LJ LU cSTOF LD, 5z/Zj. ( rpffot ) a journey. 
 
 L_' uu r5 G S" <5br> f^^- ^'- z^Z-f^w ^^sed separately/, it has only 
 the past tense ; but it is generally employed in conjunction 
 with the auxiliary verb @ (^ ^ ^ a9 ^, or the verb lj (^ 
 ^ A9 s/^ I feared. 
 
 L_'LULD, suh. (H^) fear. 
 
 z 2
 
 172 
 
 LJ[iS&, sub. grain of various sorts, as growing in the 
 
 fields, legumes or pulse. 
 L_'0"LD, (iclj. {m^) great, grand; never used but in cojnposition. 
 i_' O" LD n- /v; ^ (5br, sub. a simpleton. 
 u.' x n- ^ ©■> sub. inattention, careless gaping, absence of 
 
 manner. 
 L_' rf^ 53- n- e= Lb, uritten also i_j rf^uj n- f^ ld, sub. ( tlffT^^' ) 
 
 a joke, drollery, pleasantry, mockery. 
 i_' n=^ F= G ^ 5" LO, sub. ( ^fX^K ) t^tal destruction ; used 
 adverbially, with a negative, it denotes positive refusal, 
 and max) be rendered absolutely not, positively not. 
 Lj rf^ LD OVT LD, sub. ( Rf^Jfc^: ) a pleasing odour. 
 i_' rf^ Lu 03 g7 LD> sub. (T3^Tr{) a boundary, a measure; 
 
 adv, until. 
 L-'ov, adj. different, several, many. 
 L-'ovJobr, spelt also i^a^^LD, profit, advantage, reward. 
 LjyiLD, adj. old, from LJO'oa^LD, age. 
 Lj L_p LO, sub. a ripe fruit. 
 Ljl^a^^, sub. a hay or straw band. 
 i_jO'l^l_,, sub. a brown colour, properly the colour of 
 
 dead leaves. 
 LJ 02) '=P Lu ^, vineiJikoorrippoo or conjugated derivative, from 
 i__i(^a2)LD; what is old, not recent, ancient; cold 
 rice boiled the preceding night and usually forming 
 the morning meal. 
 '_• o\n- _ (NT, a natural word, expressing the glimmer of 
 
 twihght, the glitter of a spangle. 
 i_ ONTT ovT LD, sub. a liollow, a valley, a depth, a hole.
 
 173 
 
 !_j A9 u^^^^ — i_J /V) r^ Q S" (5Dr — ^ Ao Lj G '— ' O^j t'-"- to liy. 
 LJ /vp ^ ^ A9 ^ — i_J A^P 5" G ^ o^ — I—' ^^ lU G LJ obr, r. ^/. 
 
 to obtain possession by seizure; to pillage; to cull; 
 
 to pounce on. 
 L_i /V:? A9az55^^^AC)^ — {SJOYjg'GS'i^ — sgjovjLjGi— Jobr, 
 
 V. a. to light, to set fire to. 
 L_i /vp A^/^ A9 ^ — L_j 4:? /Vp G (7^ o^ — lj49 AQ/G(5\_JOT, t'. a. 
 
 to seize, to take; to overtake; to kindle, to excite; to 
 
 attach one*s self to; to consider, to take into account. 
 U-i rr (g-, sub, a turban ; see g- 2ymD lIj l_j n- ^. 
 LJ n- ^ ^ Lu LD, sub. ( if|72J" ) happiness, good fortune. 
 u-in-sr©, sw^. betel nut, the fruit of the u^ ^ (^ or 
 
 Areca (Areca Catechu). 
 Lj/T(5>, sub. suffering, pain, misfortune. 
 Uf rr (5» ^ /V5 m^ — LJ rr l^q, Q our obr — lj rr ©» G o^J otjr, v. a. 
 
 to sing. 
 LJ/TM LDLjr^M LD n- LU i1j G L-i lLi ^ A9 ^, to raiu in 
 
 intermitting showers. 
 
 L_i rr '1 abvy sicb. a grandfather. 
 
 LJ rr g^, sub. a part, the half. 
 
 U'n- Lu, s?^Z>. a mat; a sail, which in India is frequently 
 
 made of matting. 
 '__' /T Lu ^ jV} ^ — L_j' rr Lu rg- G S" (5^ — L_' n- uj G o^ obr, r. r/. 
 
 and n. to strike upon, to play upon (as a water 
 
 engine on a fire), to leap upon (as a tiger on his 
 
 prey) ; to flow ; to be mixed or shot (as one colour 
 
 with another in a cloth). 
 L_'n-o-LD, sub. (H"TT0 ^ weight of twenty s^asDn-Lo; 
 
 Aveight in general, importance.
 
 174 
 
 L_' rr rf^ 9= LD, sub. ( mT: ) the side ; c5^_i a\5 ^ l_' n- rf^ ep l2), 
 
 the right side. 
 !_' rr cr ^ ^ /V) 857 — i_J rr rf gr G ST (5br — L«J rr r^ i_j (^ i_j ^, 
 
 t?. a. to see, to notice, to examine. 
 1^ rr 2/cjv), sub. a kind of parasitical plant (Asclepias 
 
 voliibilis). 
 ':_rrav% sz^i. milk. 
 
 _Se=^S)f5=, s?f6. (tx^) alms. 
 
 '_S L—Q. ^ e^ A9 sv — iS L^g. sr G S" obr — iS l_q. lj G l-i isbr, t?. a. 
 to seize, to lay hold of, to catch. 
 
 _5^ © nv ^ A9 sy — Li" (P o^ ^ G CT^ otJT — L^ (5^ >iv (^ G o^-j obr, 
 i\ a. to pluck out, to depose, to turn out. 
 
 _? 63^ LD, s?^&. a corpse. 
 
 •_? g- /vp AO^ ^ A9 S/j 5pe/^ cf/so lS* g- gr s^ ^ ao ^ — lS S" :^ 
 A^P G c5ur abr — l_? ^ ^ r^Q. cyu c^br, t'. ^^. to talk in- 
 coherently (as one in a delirium). 
 
 iS^rr, sub. dxTrTj) a father. 
 
 Li' r5 ^ ^ ^ S/ — lS" r5^ Q(5^ obr — lS" 03 ^ G o^j cbr, i'. ??. 
 to be behind. 
 
 Li T U5^ ^ ^ A9 g>' — L_Sa-Ll5^S'GS"<5^ — LJ?Cruy>LJGL_'(56r, 
 
 1'. «. to astonish, to astound, to amaze. 
 lJ? o- rr LD (575^ c5br, 5W^. ( ^T^df: ) a brahman. 
 L-S'ov)^©? « natural word, expressive of the sound and 
 
 force of a blow; whack! 
 LS{S)y^f^^A9 ^ — L? (22) yii S" G S" 0^ — Li'SSjyiLjG!— JOtyr, 
 
 V. n. to gain a livelihood, to subsist ; to recover from 
 
 sickness. 
 i_S'AO(g, sub. the after part; used adverbially, behind, 
 
 afterwards.
 
 176 
 
 iS ^^^ AO ^ — IS A9 r5 G 5" OT — L^ ^ lLj G '— J obr, r. n. 
 
 to be born, to spring, to proceed, to arise. 
 i~? AO LJ <^ GP LD, sub. ( I^^"^ ) the world, all nature. 
 U? /v) lLj LJ ©* ^ A9 sj; — lS ^ lU l_j Lb G lj (5tjr — iS aq lj '>_• C^ 
 
 Gcruobr, f. n- to set out on a journey. 
 lS Ao [±j rr 9= LD or lJ" O" lu rr e= lDj sw6. (q5i(j^:) labour, 
 
 trouble, pains. 
 [.jAOLJi-ij 5''^- birth, nativity. 
 Li" iV:> L_j rr (5^, postposition, governs a dat. after, since. 
 !_? /V3/ LD rr <5cfor Ln LD, s?^^. ( ^^M^ ) mightiness, grandeur. 
 lS'V? A9a>o, sub. a rent or fissure. 
 
 \-S (5br, postposition, behind, after; governs a genitive or dative. 
 L_? obr L_)» 5Zf 6. what is after or behind ; often used adverbialli/. 
 iS obr (5\J rrrkj^AQ 6S/j coTTZjp. o/* Li" obr, awf/ (TU /t /^ ^ aq ^, 
 
 g^. t;. to retract, to intermit, to recede. 
 L_? obr A9 Lb (5^ o\j /T rr, sifb. a crupper. 
 lS abr 2Asr, aJt'. moreover ; o/?e7i used in conversation as an 
 
 expletive. 
 \S/^^ AO ^ — L^ A^P G <5TJr obr — l^ /vy g (yu o^j ^'- ''/• to 
 
 tear, to rend. 
 
 L_| 55" O? ^ A9 S7> written also l_j ^ Cp BT /V) ^ — l_i ^ Lip Qj 
 G 5" obr — M ^ O' G o^J otjT, V. a. to praise. 
 
 L_^ e? LP, sub. praise. 
 
 L_i 02) 05 , sz/6. smoke. 
 
 L_j 02? ^ ^ A9 S7 — ^— i 22) '^ r5 Q^ O^ — L_j 02) 55" G CTU (j6r, V. /^ 
 to smoke or emit smoke. 
 
 \_) 02) ^ ^ ^ iY^ Sy — I— ) 02) ^^^ S" G S" otyr — l_j 02? 05" lD G !—' '3^? 
 t?. causal, to cause to smoke, to expose to smoke.
 
 176 
 
 '_ 22) 5" ^ ^ A9 ^— M 22) S" 5" G S" <^ — M 22) 5" LJ G L-J CJCJr, 
 t'. a. to bury, whether a corpse or treasure. 
 
 M 22) ^ LL? 2/Cro, s?/&. co}?ip. of l_i22)^> <7- ^' <^?'f^ @ 2ya>D, a 
 
 leaf; tobacco. 
 i_, 6:Jor 6TOr uu LD, sub. {'^\J^) virtue, a good action. 
 
 '—,©"3^? 5z/Z>. (^t%:) sense, wisdom, understanding. 
 
 MS" ^LDH- (5ijr, sub. (^f^^rT^T) a wise or sensible man. 
 
 ^^/T (5^/3 ^ ^ SJ — M ^^mjT G i-:3 obr — m O" o^^ G (Ts-j (5br, 
 r. 7?. to roll about, to wallow, to burst its banks 
 (a river). 
 
 i_i f!3 2_Q (5nr, sub. {T^^^x) a husband. 
 
 y^Qrr rr ^^ Co, sub. a prophecy or thing predicted. 
 
 i_i G 'x rr ^ g- obr, sub. ('QT\f^r\:) a family priest, or an 
 astrologer who predicts lucky and unlucky days, 
 and details the circumstances contained in the 
 1— "^ 9= n- rR; 05 LD or almanack. 
 
 l_onS, sub. a tiger, any animal of the tiger kind. 
 
 M ctVd or L_i oo c2i2/> sub. grass. 
 
 •^ ^ ^ ^ n- o" 6OTr LD, sub. comp. of \_\aold, the exterior, 
 and Ui rr o~ dtror ld, ^f^(T[, a cause ; an extraneous 
 cause. 
 
 '_ A9 ^ ^ 22) LD Lu LOj sub. comp. of [_^Ao ld, the exterior, 
 and e=22) LD Lu LD, ^5^5^, established custom; a certain 
 sect. " Ordinairement on distingue deux sortes de 
 f?=22) LDLu LD sans qu' on sache biea sur quoi se fonde 
 cette distinction. Les six interieures sont, &c. see 
 the word 2. 1 J3 ^ 22) ld lu ld. Les six sectes ex-
 
 177 
 
 terienres sont, 1. QG\Drr u^ rnn^ Co, pcu connue. 
 2. i_)^gr/Xj sec te de Buddha. 3. e= ld (Srror cr, secte, 
 aujourd'hui fort odieuse, qui adore sli rr^ e, (5br : c'est 
 . de cette secte que sont sords la plupart des livres dc 
 sciences. 4. uy ld rr .'1^ ^ 2_q ld. 5. lj <^ 9= crn-^ 
 g^rP, secte de la cinquieme nuit, parceque, lors qu'il 
 y a cinq vendredis a un mois, ils celebrent la nuit du 
 cinquieme avec de grandes abominations. 6. ld^-lu 
 crun-^LD^-LD, secte des phantastiquesquin'admettent 
 rien de reel, excepte peut-etre Dieu.'' M.S. Did. 
 
 L-iA9S"g^ or L_?A95-^, sub. the outward side, abroad, 
 not in doors ; iised adverbialli/, elsewhere. 
 
 L-\^ ^^ u^ rr r5 ^o- LD, sub. comp. of l_|A9ld, q. v. and 
 (^^ ^ rr r5^o~ LD, q. v. an extraneous origin, 
 
 L-n^LD, sub. aside, the outside, 
 
 L_i OOT ov), sub. water, 
 
 L_tj, sub. a flower. 
 
 L_^rFC/05Trcnja^LD, sub. comp. of \_j)rK'mrr, a flower garden, 
 and o\j <5^ LD, ^^, a grove ; a garden in a grove. 
 
 t-ij EP (5uP ^ ^ n- Lu, sub. a gourd, a pumpkin (Cucurbita 
 his pi da. Tknnb.y 
 
 \_^ er ^ A9 ^ — \^ ^ G O^ c^tjT — L_t) Br Q o\J otrr, t^. fl. to 
 smear, to daub, to anoint. 
 
 t_ija2)^>sw6.(TT3^j) worship; which, as performed in a Hindoo 
 temple, consists in decorating, anointing and making 
 offerings to the idol. Sacred music accompanies this 
 ceremony; the officiating Brahmans chant appropriate 
 Hymns to the Deity, and the Courtezans attached to the 
 establishment propitiate his favour by a solemn dance. 
 
 2 A
 
 178 
 
 1^ e= ^ Lu LD, suh, ( U'^sij ) veneration, respect ; as an adj. 
 
 venerable ; Gj\ Sejuvoc. 
 L5 6OTr(b^, suh. a shrub, a bush, a plant. 
 L^ r5 G 5" ^j co?np. of \^, q. v. and G 5" d^? a car ; a car or 
 
 litter adorned with flowers for removing the dead. 
 
 L_£) rf^ ^ ^ a:? SJ — U? ^ S" G S" (Sbr — i^ rf^ lj G i-J (5tyr, v. a. 
 and n. ( rr*^ ) to fill ; to rejoice. 
 
 G L_' 6m-, sub. a damsel, a woman ; the female of quadrupeds. 
 
 Q L-i 6m- Q', sub. a woman. 
 
 G I— I Lu f^ A9 ^ — G I— J 'lIj G 5" (5br — G i-J lu G c5^-J otjr, t^. w. to 
 
 shower down ; ld^^lj^QljiLj^ao gy, to rain ; 
 
 i_' (5^ G L_J LU ^ A9 s/* the dew to fall ; 0° g- ^ cr ld 
 
 G LJ LU ^ A9 ^, Xa^. mingere. 
 G 1—' LU cr, s^^^. a name ; also frequently/ used for a person ; 
 
 though, when it has this meaning, it is more correct 
 
 to spell it G 1— ' /:r. 
 G LJ rp 5r or G 1— I ^ ^> vineik. what is great, from G lj c:^ 
 
 (22; LD, S2/&. greatness; adj. G i-J '^ lu, great. 
 G '-J (^ ^ ^ A9 ^, sync, for G lj o ^ © ^ ^ S/ — G lj e^.sr 
 
 ^GcJ^t^br — G LJ Q5r ^ © G cru abr, t^. o. to multiply 
 
 (in arithmetic) ; to sweep. 
 Q\^c[3LDLD, sub. greatness, bigness; adj . Q lj tr^ Co. 
 G LJ 03 O^ ^ e?) sub. cornp, of Qutr^ Co, q.v. and o^ e= ef j 
 
 an inspiration ; a sigh. 
 
 G '—J ^5\5 LD, sub. ( qf^ ) force, power, strength. 
 
 Quj^n^^Ao mJ — G LJ /^ G A9 obr — G lj /v^/ G o\j o^, f . a. 
 to obtain, to beget; to bear (a child); to be worth; 
 adj. <5:LS^j^Q\^{b^, valuable.
 
 179 
 
 C L-J Br or G LJ ^ 9? , sub. a word, a speech, a rumour. 
 
 (S L_i Br ^ A9 SJ — G LJ ^ G O^ c?br — Q i_' 5? G o^-J obr, i'. </. to 
 
 speak, to talk. 
 Q Lj ih OD ^^9 sub. the suburb of a fort, a bazar, a 
 
 village, 
 
 Q LJ 01^ ^ A9 S^ — G I—' 63^ G (5^ obr — G i— J 02^ G ovj ot, 
 
 I', a. to cherish, to nurture. 
 C L-J S2) S", sub. an idiot, a fool. 
 G L-J 22) BT 02) LD, 5?^^. folly, simplicity, idiotism. 
 Q LJ 'T, 5«^. a person. 
 
 02) I— '> sz/6. a bag, a sack, a purse. 
 
 GLjnr^, sub. a bullock-bag; an ox-load. '^ A Mysore, 
 , c'est une mesure de grains qui contient trois e=avi^ 
 
 02) ^-'^ M.S. Did. 
 Qu nr Lu, sub. a lie, a falsehood. 
 
 Q LJ rr rf' Uj ^ AO mJ — G LJ rr rf^ gr G S" OT — G i_i rr rf^ uj 
 
 G i-J (5^> ^'' fi« to hatch, to sit on eggs ; to fry. 
 GLJrrc^a3S^^A9 ^ — G L_J nr ej r5 ^ G C5^ OT — G '— ' ^ 
 
 <r5 r5 sy G (?vj (5tjr, 17. n. to agree (respecting wages); 
 
 to consent.- ' .; — - 
 
 GL_jn-av)crorrLJL_), sub. evil, a mishap. 
 G 1—1 /T ^ ^, Si/6- the sun ; time. 
 G LJ rvAQ ^ ^Ao SJ — G LJn-A9 ^ G ©"OT — G L.' rr/v) l1' G ^'obr, 
 
 1?. a. to brook, to endure; to pardon. 
 QLjrrabr, sub. gold, a gold piece, a Pagoda. 
 G L_J rr ^ A9 ^ — G LJ rr G (5^ cjtjr — G lj rr G cnj ofer, i^. 7i. 
 
 to go. A. G. Part 2 of Sect. 109. 
 
 2 A 2
 
 180 
 
 G LJ rr ^ ^ (5br, sub. 2l traveller. 
 
 Qi^ rr ^^ /v:) ^ — ^ ^ Q our obr--^^ © Q cyu (3br,. i^.. causal^ 
 
 to make to go, to make to pass (time). 
 G LJ rr ^ (g^, suL an excuse, a frivolous excuse, an evasion^ 
 G L-i n- 5= (jDT LD, sz/^. ( ^ft^T^T ) food, a meal. 
 
 Q'^rr ^^^ m^'—Q l-J n- Lb G l-=i O^ — G LJ n- (5^ G (5\J O^t 
 
 V. a. to throw; to place. A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 106. 
 Q\-2rr gy, sub. time ; vsed diiefly in compositioiu A. G. 
 
 Sect. 152. 
 Q\^rr ^ LD, V. def, 3rd pers. neut. fut\ it is enough. 
 
 A. G. Sect. 82. 
 G I— ' '"^ LD Lu Lu n-, phrase, go to, friend ; Lat. agedum. 
 G I— ' n- (^ ^ A9 ^ — G L_j rr errs g- ^ — G i-J n" o' Co, z?. impers^ 
 
 to be sufficient. ' 
 G LJ nr /J- OS) (Ttj, s?/^. a covering, a cloak, a cloth, the 
 
 end of a cloth. 
 G LJ n- av — G ^ ^ cy^3 — G i— ' n- G (5v% n?;^/?. W5f J adverbialh/, 
 
 from the obsolete verb G l-J n- qo/ ^ A9 ^, to be like; 
 
 like. 
 
 LD 65- 0br, 5i/Z>. a son ; ld ^ ovt, a daughter. 
 LDei-rr, oJ;". ( 5[^T5?T or If ^J ) g^eat, grand, mighty. 
 LD^^LD, sub. {^f^^]) dignity, grandeur, glory. 
 
 Lr)f3f=p^'A9^«rLD^(^0?^A9 SJ — LX) ^Qif3Q>^ dbr — 
 
 LD ^ O? G a\-j OT, t^. 7i. to rejoice. 
 LD^J^B=^, sub. delight, pleasure. 
 LD L3 lIj LJ oVt (3\rp5 sw^- the kitchen of a Pagoda or 
 
 Choultry.
 
 181 
 
 LDi^LD> sub. (W^i) a sort of convent, where holy men 
 
 dwell together retired from the world. 
 Ln i c) , sub. the lap, the bosom ; Lat. grGmium. 
 LD\ Q ^ AQ^ — LP I 9, r5 (g ^gbr — LP i 9 C a\j gbr, v. n. tO: 
 
 die, to perish. 
 LD 02) 1-=: Lu OT* ^iib. a dunce, an idiot, 
 LD't-O-j sub. a simpleton. 
 
 LDLj ©^, sub. a limit, a bound, a measure. A. G. Sect. 150. 
 LDdOTT ^ ^ Ao gy — UD dOTT r5 G 5" (5tjr — ld 6T5TTr LD G lj ^, i^. w. 
 
 to smell sweetly, to emit a sweet odour. 
 L£)(5tmrLO, sub. an agreeable odour. 
 LD6m-, 5^/6. earth, ground. 
 
 L£) g^ ^ ^ AQ sy — i-O ^ ST G 5" C5t7r — LD g=^ lU G L-J obf, c. 0. to 
 
 estimate, to appraise. 
 LD 5" g=^ Lu n- (5^ Lo, 5?/Z>. ( Sfl^T^: ) noon. 
 LDrBg^^cTLD, sub. (Jf^:) a spell, an incantation; a 
 
 prayer. 
 LD Lu KT e> LD, sub. a swoon ; a reverie, a bewildered or 
 
 bewitched state. 
 LDTLD, sub. a tree, timber, wood. 
 LD onS (5:n, sub. cheapness, an easy rate. 
 LD ov) av) rr ^ ^, or better ld o^cro rr /j- kt K", infin. used ad^ 
 
 verbially, from ld c\:) g\3 rr rf- ^ ^ /^ gy, to throw on 
 
 the back ; supinely, thrown on one's back. 
 ID^2)L^, sub. rain. 
 
 LD^ ^ er^ — LDAO CD G 5" C5br — LD A9 lIj G I— ' 6^9 ^. «. to forget. 
 LD iVp, 52^6. a foal ; o/so the young of certain other animals 
 
 when affixed to their respective names, as ^ihO" 
 
 LD /vp, a lamb.
 
 182 
 
 Lb' A£p ^ ^ A9 mJ- LD A^P S- (S ©"-OT — LD /VP lIj G L_J OtJT, V. Qi 
 
 to arrest, to stop, to detain. 
 LDA:Pu_ja>^, verbal suh. an arrest, a detention. -» 
 
 L£)iv>, or/;, another, the next. . 
 
 LD AQ/ ^ e^ /V) ^ LDAQ/g-g^OT LD AQ/ LJ G LJ Obr, t^. CT. 
 
 to oppose, to disobey, to contradict, to reject, to refute. 
 LDiV3/S"^> vineii/ech. used adverbially y from LD^v^^^AQgy, 
 
 q. V. anew, over again. 
 LD ^iQ/ G LD n- y?, sub. comp. of ld£o/, q.v. and GLD^y^j 
 
 a word ; an answer. 
 ID ^^ 6n^ ^ o~ LD, sub. comp.of LD^n^, q.v. and 2. s'S'^lDj 
 
 3^"^ ; an answer. : 
 
 LD :225 A9 e^ ^ /V? ^ — LD ^2) A9 ST G ^ O^ — LD52)^ lIj G l-J OT> 
 
 t7. a. to conceal, to hide. 
 LD 0^^612, verbal sub. shelter, conceahnent. '_. '■: 
 
 ldSd^, odj, other, the other. j 
 
 LD (5^ ^ 0~ OV ^ A9 ^, see @rprKJ ^ AO ^' 
 
 LD CTOT LD, zi'ritten also id (5^ Br or ld (5^ ^ » sz^Z^. ( yf?f : ) th^ 
 
 mind. 
 LD i2i^ 2J5 (5tjr, zcritten ■ also ld (5^ S" d^ or ld cS^ ST d^t 
 
 ( Jf^T^: ) a man. 
 LD'2/:575rLun-'LQ., sub. from ld2/^j^^j a house; the woman 
 
 of the house, a housewife, a wife. 
 LD 2/3^n- ^!^^L?, sub. from ldsa^^-, a house; a housewife, 
 
 a wife. ■ 
 
 LDOT.^©^ ^ A9 ^ — LD (5br«^ L_Q. G (y^ d^ — LD 6^ ^ & 
 
 Q,<3\-i(j^, V a. to beseech, to entreat. 2 
 
 LD n-rfv ^ 2-J2 LD, sub. {^'\^) flesh, meat; applied also to 
 the flesh of fish.
 
 183 
 
 JLO T ©, sub, an ox, a cow. 
 
 LD n- Lj (5^ ^ A9 ^ — LX) n- 'i_a G (?^ (5br — LD rrih (S" Q> <Tu obr, 
 
 t;. w. to be entangled, to adhere, to catch. 
 U) n- Lb C i-=i (5br, wcg. v. 1st ptrs. sing, from ld n- lj (5^ ^aq g^/, 
 
 to be able and wilHng ; I will not. A. G. Sect. 79, 
 
 and Note in Page 89. 
 LD/Tgr^cTLD, adr), (JfT^) only. A. G. Part 1 and 2 
 
 of Sect. 151. 
 LDn-LDe=LD, sub. (JTM) Aesh, meat; applied also to the 
 
 flesh of fish. 
 
 LD n- Lu ^ A9 sy — LO n- Lu rg (2 S" obr — LD rr Lu (2 o^j obr, r. 7i. 
 
 to languish, to die. 
 LD /T rr L_^, s/?e/^ g/so LD rr cr, sz^Z>. the breast, the chest. 
 
 U5^ ^6HLD, injin. with the particle s— Lb, used adverbialhj, 
 from L£5^ (^ ^ A9 ^5 to increase ; greatly. 
 
 to increase, to exceed ; to grow proud. 
 
 L£5^ g- ^ e^ A9 ^ — Li5^ g-'rg G 5" obr — L£P 5- lL' G i— J (^tjr, i?. 11. to 
 float (as a raft). 
 
 L£5^ g^ ^ f^ AQ S/ — Ll5^ ^ 5" G ^ OT — L£5^ g=^ LJ G LJ otyr, t^. «. 
 
 to tread under foot, to stamp on. 
 \^^ ^ LD spelt also Li5^ /V3/ ^ Lo, sub. ( inj: ) a beast, 
 
 a wild animal. 
 ^5^2/^3 6=9=^, spe/^ also u5^ G crv) e= e= abr, sz/^. (3T^;) a 
 
 fool, one who wants common sense. 
 L!ff> 6m- (5>, vineiyech. and sjy ovrsij ld, w?;^;/. both used 
 
 adverbially J from ijy> 6$£3 ^ A9 ^, 5'. v. again.
 
 184 
 
 U5* (5tN/3 ^ A9 mJ — L^ <5rJ^ G i-=3 <5t5r — L£5^ 0£v^ G (Tlj obr, tJ. ff. 
 
 to turn, to take a turn, to change, 
 u?* 6OTr, 5J/6. a fish. 
 
 O" ^ 5" S> <5\jrr /J-, sub. comp. of ^^ ^ lo, q- v. and a\jrrrj-, 
 
 q. v, a hridle. 
 1ST 95 LD, sw^, ( JR^ ) the face, the visage, the countenance. 
 (^^ ^ q:^ ^ A9 S^, written also Qld rr (r^ ^ ^ gy — ^^ m &f3 
 
 Cgrobr — O' 03 q:p G 0^-10^5 ^' o- lo smell. 
 O^ ^ rr CB g^ T LX). 5Z/6. an origin, a motive, a cause: 
 
 24 G\j (5br O" ^ rr ;3 g^ ^ LO, by his means. 
 (3P^^^ S^ — (^^ ra' 05 G S" (5br — (^^ eS^ G o^-j (jbr, t;. ;?. to 
 
 be complete, to terminate : (^^ ^ 6i\ u> rr ay) Co, the 
 
 time of ending, i. e. of death. 
 (^^ d-^^ LD, spelt also i^^ ^ ^ ^ ld, sub. ( 3T^^ ) a 
 
 fortunate time (for any purpose). 
 ^^^=0^5, spelt also (^^luoo, sub. a hare. 
 (35" L-Q. or (^ L_ip. 6^, 5^/6. an end ; aiso a crown ; the hair 
 
 fastened in a tuft at the top of the head. 
 (3? L_i^ ^ ^ SJ — (^^ L-Q. rg G 5" otjT — (^^ L.^ G cru (^br, iy. n. 
 
 to finish, to terminate; also to be platted or 
 
 knotted. 
 (^^ (5^ ^©. 5Z/Z/. a lane, an alley without a thoroughfare. 
 G? M — or o^ -1 ^ ;Jd, vifin. used cidverbially , from ^^ ij (5^ 
 
 ^ A9 S^ ; to the end, entirel3% 
 (0?'i-a> verbal adj. cutting or knocking (one leg against 
 
 another), limping. 
 O? '-12 ^22) L3, sub. an egg.
 
 185 
 
 O^ 6TOr (QT cSOTT, natural word, expressive of mumbling or 
 
 muttering. 
 ^^grao, sub. the commencement; the principal (of a 
 
 sum of money); stock in trade; adj. the first; (^^ 5- 
 
 ov).a-LLj, adv. even; o^ g- /V9(2^ rr 6^©, beginning 
 
 with, from: as, ©otjriS) A9^(gr(^" S-^vpG ^ '^ <5m5ru^, 
 
 beginning with to-day, i. e. from henceforth. 
 O^ S^©j s?/Z>. the back. 
 (^^ (5^ S" rr ^, sm6. a turban ; a word in use among 
 
 Mahrattas and Musselmans. 
 CP" C5 ^» vineujech. from (^^ .3 ^ ^ A9 ^, to go before ; 
 
 used adverhialli) , before. 
 O' LU i_i gi/, ;2?/w. thirty; marked thus, nL_iju. 
 (^^ i-P LD, s?^^. a cubit. T/i/s word signijies also the elbow 
 
 or the knee, according as it may he prefixed to the word 
 
 03) ^, the arm, or e? .tov), the leg. 
 O^ O', 6ft/;. whole, entire ; (^ Q? ^y ld or (^ (^ ^ rr u_i, 
 
 adv. all, altogether, wholly. 
 O^ajovTS"^ A9 ^ — o^aAJvr5"G ©"OT — OPsysvTLJGi— 'otJT, 
 
 t;. ?i. to spring up, to shoot up, to grow. 
 (^^ OVT o^vOJj siih. a thorn, a spur, a fish-bone. 
 (^^ /^L^^, sub. an obstinate or stubborn person. 
 CP^/vP^AQ^ — (^^ iVp rs G 5" obr — Cp" /vp (2 a^_J (jtjr, v. n. 
 
 to break. 
 
 O^ /vp ^^ AQ ^ — (^^A^g- GS" o^ — (^ AcP Lj G LJ obr, 
 
 (y. a. to break. 
 (^ A^/ ^ ^ ^ gy, sj/;2c. ybr (^^ aq/ ^ (gj ^ aq ^ — ^^ ivy ^ 
 
 (^G<5^c5br — (^" ^v^/ ^ (g (2 oxj obr, t;. a. to twist; v. n. 
 
 to grumble, to mutter. 
 
 2 B
 
 186 
 
 (^^2)A9, 5^/^. a time; Fr. fois; a turn or alternation; a 
 
 custom, a rite; a relationship. 
 O' CS) A9 Lj L_' rr (p, 67f^. a complaint, representation of 
 
 injuries. 
 (^^iv^ AO LD, sub. the open court in an Indian house. 
 ^^ obr, (^" (5^ M? (Ep^atTTL^rrei', postposition, before; whether' 
 
 as respects time or place. 
 Cp^ cjct (2 c^^ d^, sub. pi. forefathers, ancestors. 
 (^^ 2A) ^ Lj M, sub, apparatus, furniture. 
 i^^Ui(^, sub. the nose; also used for the beak of birds, 
 
 the mouth-piece of a trumpet, the lip of a lamp. 
 (^^ e=5r5 sub. an inspiration or inhalement. 
 Cp° La (jnr, 5^/^. a blockhead, a fool. 
 C^ (i? ^ A9 ^ — C^ L-jQ. G 0^ OT — (Ep° (p Q <y\-} otJT, i;. a. to 
 
 cover up, to shut, to close, to conceal. 
 
 O^S's^^LD, sub. (3T^) urine. 
 
 ^ cr g- g^, sub. (JTp": ) a body, a person, a god. 
 
 (^2j^K), sub. a corner (of a room or building) ; a quarter 
 
 or Rhumb. 
 ^ostT", sub. deprived of an ear; with a broken neck 
 
 (a bottle). 
 ^^o^/n^', num. three; marked thus hl.. 
 
 G Log's", (n^j' much, very. 
 
 Q LD Lu, sub. truth. 
 
 GldoVtovt, adv. gently. 
 
 Gld©, sub. a hillock, a rising ground. 
 
 C LD Ju ^ /V:) mJ G L£) lLj r5 G 5" G^ G LD lu G CT\J (JOT, t?. 77. 
 
 to feed, to graze.
 
 1 
 
 187 
 
 G>LDilj^^ /Y) ^ — C LT) LU 5" G 5" OT — Q LD lIj LJ C '-J obr, 
 
 V. a. to feed (ii flock). 
 GLDa>o, 5?/Z>. the upper part; used as a i^ost position, above, 
 
 upon, after. A. G. Sect. 147. 
 
 QLOrr u_}^ ^ /vy ^' — Q LD n" lu ©" G 5" c5br — C ID rr u_j Cj 
 Q u OT, V. n. to crowd together, to swarm as bees. 
 
 GLDrrg=LD, suh. difficulty, danger; deceit. 
 
 G LD nr (t^, zcrittcn also (^^ m (p, sub. the roof of a house. 
 
 GLDn-cS)L^j 5f/Z>. a stump, a block : QLorro^uhLD rr (S^, 
 an ox without horns, or with only the stumps of the 
 horns remaining. 
 
 LuiS"^, sub. (^f^:) sense, wit, attention. 
 
 CLurr u^ LD, sub. ( ^If: ) union, conjunction of the stars. 
 Q> Lu rr ^ ^ lu LD, sub. ( ^V^ ) worthiness, propriety, 
 decorum. 
 
 rrrrf^rr, sub. ("^1317) a king. 
 
 o- rr, rrrr624» rrrr^^rT, sub. (jjf^i) nioht. 
 
 ^LJLD, sub. (^^) figure, form, shape; hence beauty 
 as, ec5 i-J (^ ovT ovn- ovj c3Vt, a beautiful woman. 
 
 av> /TLu LDj sw^. a stable. 
 
 2 B 2
 
 188 
 
 Q(y\DBra^^ u^ QUi(^, sub. comp. of Q(7\d b= 02) ^» ^r^s^f, 
 modesty, cmd Qu^ (S^, loss ; disgrace, shame, a shame- 
 ful action. 
 
 G ^Jvi 3" ^ or ov) g- ^, sub. dung. 
 
 Q.(7\Drr ^rr^ ^iLjrs^ LD, sub. comp. of ^^, the world, 
 3fTf^5 first, and 3f?rf, final ; from one end of the 
 world to the other, universally. 
 
 c3\ja2)55", sub. a manner, a mode; a kind, a species. 
 (5Yje=(5OTLDj sub. (q^jf) speech. *' Paroles qui font 
 
 un sens.^' iljf.»S. Did. 
 (5YJ22)e=> spelt also o^avjcs) ^5 abuse, scolding. 
 (^Lji QL^AQsy — cyui — 9.r5(DS"OT — g^-j I 9 G gvj gbr, r. 77. 
 
 to transude, to drip down. 
 
 0\J (StTOT 'Tt/ ^ A9 ^ (3\J (SnrJT Hv 0?^ G CJOT OUT CJVJ <5OTr O^ (^ 
 
 Gcjuobr, t^. o. to revere, to adore, to salute with 
 
 respect. 
 cyuLu^ or cnJLugf, 5w^. age, years (as indicating age) : 
 
 as, 2L|a\J52i/^G^ S" 5"2y^^^^o\_jLU5rj what age is he? 
 
 LJ 5" gy a\j Lu 5r J ten years old. 
 c5\JLuo\5, 5Z/&. meadow land, fit for the cultivation of rice. 
 c5\J uu A^/, sz/6. the belly. 
 a\jcr, a\-icr, zV?^^. repeated, of the verb (tu^c^^ao S7j ^- 1?- 
 
 2/5e«^ adverbialli/, in the sequel, in the course of time ; 
 
 continually. 
 crucTflcu, sub. an income, receipt, revenue. 
 a\jrf^, sub. tribute.
 
 189 
 
 (rurp(22)E5=, sub* order, arrangement, rule, regulation, a row. 
 
 <TU 015 ^ A9 sy — G\J rs G 5" (^ — cyvj qCp G c5yj OT» '<^'- ^^ to 
 
 come; to be attainable. A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 110, 
 
 and Part 2 of Sect. 106. 
 0\j(O^2_QLD, sub. (^~^:) a year. 
 avjav)LD, 5<^^. the right side ; of//. right (not left). 
 Q-^cy^, sub. pain, spasm. 
 
 (TUL-p^S^, sub. a dispute, a quarrel, a law-suit. 
 OYjy?, szfZ). away, a road ; metaph. the manner of doing 
 
 any thing. 
 avj y? 5= ^ n- rP, sz/^. a public road, a beaten path. 
 a^_j ovT" ^ ^ ^ A9 ^, written also a\_i ovr ^ ^ aq gy — o\j 
 
 OVT 'J- s" G S" c5^ — cru OVT a- lLj G LJ c?^ ^- «• to rear, to 
 
 bring up, to educate. 
 ovj OVT 6iii sub. a house, a house or houses in one enclosure. 
 CPU ONTT 020 a\-J obr, sz<^. one of a certain caste; the priests 
 
 of the Pariars, who, though considered vile by the 
 
 other castes, have various gradations of rank among 
 
 themselves. 
 (y\_i A9 G^TB ^ CD S/ — (TU^ 6rfer G Ln obr — a\j aq o^v^ G (y>-J o^? 
 
 t;. ?i. to be parched or dried up, by fire — the sun — a 
 
 fever, &c. 
 
 (5\j;^ 95- LD, sw^. (^3J:) a sort or kind. 
 
 o\j ^ g- LD n- o^ LD, 5wZ^. ( q"^pfff?]^) intelligence, news, 
 business. 
 
 a\_; i<o cfy^ CD S> — o\-J COCfP G (5tJr our — ovj do cdj Q, (Tu obr, 
 x;. w. to grow dry, to be dried up. 
 
 o\j n- ^ (JUT Lo, sub. ( q j^«-j ) a vehicle, a conveyance. 
 Usually applied to the cars and animals on which
 
 190 
 
 idols are placed, and on which the Deities which they 
 represent are supposed to ride. 
 
 a\_HT rtj ^ AO ^ — c3\j rrrpL' ^ Q our abr — cnj^^^GoYJObr, 
 v.a. to receive from another's hand; to buy. A.G. 
 Part 1 of Sect. IJO. 
 
 o^-j n- FP o^?, sub. a doorway, a gateway. 
 
 Q>^ ,-T- p= 2/T?rr, sub. an odour. 
 
 a^ rr ^^^ AO ^' — (3\-i n- ^ 5- (2 ^ (far — oyj rr^CjQ L_-i^, 
 V.a. to read ; to play on stringed instruments. 
 
 m_jn-Lz]^2)^ or crurra^i^, sub. hire, the letting out to hire. 
 
 o\-jn-(23)^, sub. (^im) pain, torment. 
 
 o^-j ^ uu, sub. the mouth ; the opening of a bag — of a 
 wound, (Sec. 
 
 o\j n- o", sz/Z;. a thong, reins ; those enumerated as be- 
 longing to a saddle horse are o^ k- g- ^y o^ n- /x, 
 @ AQ/eF©o\_jn- cr and ^ rr /v:)L^6^jr^o\^rr rf^ q.v. 
 
 o\jn-a\r, s?/6. the tail, a train. 
 
 0\J rr 'J^ g- ^ ^ A9 gy — o\j rr Cp ^. ^ Q C5W ^ot — c5\_i n- yi 5- 
 ^ Gc5\-J(JOT, V. a. to praise, to wish prosperity to. 
 
 o\j rr 'Jji 6x1, sub. ple^isure, prosperity. 
 
 cyvjn-AQ/, sub. a way, a manner; neve?- used alone; genC' 
 rnllij in composition with the demonstrative pronoun. 
 
 (5\j IT /v:>a^^i spelt also c5\_s rr rr ^ (^^y suh. a word, a 
 speech. 
 
 o^lS" ^ ^ A9 E5- LD, sub. (fq"3T^:) a statue, an idol. 
 ^5^^ e= rr rr sAR^rr, sub. (f^^TJJU) consideration. 
 (j^^^rro-LD, sub. ( fq"5f j^^; ) sadncss, thoughtful ness, 
 solicitude.
 
 191 
 
 <yi5 fP IT rf^e^^ AO E^j — cHlS ^rr m^ Q,^ obr — (S^iS (5= rr rf=^ lj 
 Cljot, v. a. to think of, to care for; to provide 
 respecting; to enquire into. 
 
 (^xS^^^ ^ mJ or crxS^/n^^Ao^ — 5^l5 ^ /vp (^ o^ c^ur 
 
 — c>:lS ^ m^ Q <yvj (5^ , r. a. to fan. 
 (5:lS G ^ 2-G LD, sub. (f^^^;) an especial thing; adj. 
 
 especial. 
 cyxS 02> f^5 sub. a time or bout; a blow; a spring. 
 (5iS I <? ^ A9 gy — cy:L5 1 9 05 G S" crbr — cri-S" i 9 Q oyj c^ryr, i". «. 
 
 to rise {as the sun), to break forth («.9 the dawn). 
 ens (p 07^ ^ mJ — (y^ Li G L=! obr — cy:i_9 (5^ Q o\j (5br, f. «. to 
 
 quit, to leave, to abandon; to open (the mouth). 
 
 A. G. Part 2 of Sect. IO9. 
 CTX? (S> ^5 sub. a caravansary, an inn. 
 <j:l£ Lb /p (?:i^ (£^ 0?" A9 S/j ^- «• ^/^e t'e/'/> crxS" ©^ sT^ /v^ ^/ fol- 
 
 lowing its own vineiyech. to abandon entirely, to set 
 
 -at liberty. 
 (TiS^LDi sub. (f^^:) a kind, a sort, a manner. 
 (Txr^, sub. (f^f?!:) destiny, fate. 
 
 (Tis^cy^u^y sub. (t%?n) an art or science, a craft, leger- 
 demain. 
 cnsr^.^:^^^ sub. an ornament, a specimen of art, a 
 
 curiosity; cyi^ r^ ^2) ^ lu n- c^ttt, ornamental, curious, 
 
 elegant. 
 cnSLj-T LD, sub. a detail, a particular account. 
 ens 'j_j rr L_' rr cr Li), sub. ( ^JCfTT' ) commerce, traffic, 
 
 merchandize. 
 ens Lu ^ LJ n- rr>, sub. ( ^q"nft ) a merchant. 
 (j:iS^o\D, sub. a finger, a thumb, a toe.
 
 192 
 
 (TXS rf=^ ST dT A9 ^ — CTXS rf^^ Q^ 6^ — CT^ rf^ LJ G 1— J OT, V- d- 
 to spread, to stretch, to extend ; metaph. to amplify 
 or relate at laroe. 
 
 cTiSrpfii!, suh. extension; jnetaph. detail. 
 
 ens 03 LO M 05^ iY) ^' — <^^^ 03 LD lS* G <5^ obr — crxS OOJ ld M 
 Q><3\-id^, 1'. cr. to desire. 
 
 G I— !(5br, X?. a. from (S^LS^^o-y seed ; to sow seed. 
 (y:iS ov) (^ Ao ^, 5^??c. /br cTi-S" a\5 (^ ^ a9 gy — (5x5 av) 0?^ 
 
 G(5^(5^ — (5X5 av) © G ovj (jbr, t?. a. to turn from, to 
 
 avoid, to flee from. 
 .-X5 2ATO, suh. a price, a value. 
 ens L_p gr S" lJ^ S" ^ A9 SJ — S" 'lO- G c?'^ obr — S" ^& Q (5vj (jbr, 
 
 1'. a. cowp of (5x50"^ Ao^, 5'. 1?. ff72rZ ^{}^ (B^^/v^S/j 
 
 to knock; to dash out of another's hand. 
 (TiSL^^^ ^SJ or u5^ yp^^AQgy — cjx^yPg-G^OT — 
 
 (Tis y? Lj G 1— I cJtJT, t^. ?/. to open one's eyes, to 
 
 awake. 
 ens U5^ L_' u, 8uh. a wild stare of alarm ; c^xr y^ lu lj n- 1 
 
 LD ^ lJLj, o^t'. staringly, in a staring manner. 
 '5x5 G^ f^ A9 ejy — (5X5 O^ GB G ^ ot — 6X5 O" G o^-i ot, t^. «. 
 
 to fall. 
 6X5 O? ov ^ A9 OI.S written also (^^i^n^^Af) ^ — 6X5 O'n^ 
 
 ^ G C5OT <5br — 6X5 O? n^^ © G 6VJ cjbr, i). rt. to devour, 
 
 to swallow up : only applied to animals, or inanimate 
 
 objects personified. 
 5X5 O" 1-^ M ^ A9 gy, zvritten better 6X5 e^ ld M ^ a9 ^ — 
 
 6X5 G? LD lS* G (5OT C5^ — (5x5 O" LD M G cn-j otJT, V. a. to 
 
 desire.
 
 193 
 
 <yxSQ2) A9^ ^ ^ mJ — <^'^ 02) AO 5" G 5^ O^ — (n£ 03) aq Lj 
 
 Q> \—i (5br, V. n. to grow stiff or erect (as the ears of 
 
 a hare). 
 cn_?,iS), sub, a question, an interrogation. 
 <5^l2 Ur ^ ^ ^ — ens ^ Q> (5OT abr — cn_? e? G o\-i obr, i). 7i. to 
 
 strike or dart (as rays) ; to blow (as the wind) ; to stream 
 
 forth (as an odour). 
 (5:^5 e= Br, s"^. a blow, a stroke, a throw. ' 
 (5^S&9 sub. a house; the squares on a chess board. 
 
 Q<y^(^, adj. (^^) many, much, very. 
 
 G cyu (^ LD n- c?or LD, sub. ( q'^7{7?f ) an honour, a present 
 
 from a superior. 
 Gcru©ov^, sub. rage. 
 Qg\j<^g^£5^ ^ SJ — G cyu © sott G i-=i otrr — G o\j (g oco 
 
 G c5\-i cjtJT, v,n. to grow angry. 
 G a\J 1 '^ (?^ ^ oVt, s?<6. co;722?. of G cru ij (5^, roo^ or m- 
 
 clefinite part, of Q a\j ih & ^ ^V) ^, to hew, cr/j^i 
 
 ^ rt^ (Tu rr c3«;rr, q. V. a chopper or bill. 
 Ga\Ji Govjovt^, 5w6. an open field or plain; Q(y\j'\ 
 
 G ovj o\rf^ Lu n- Lu, adv. openly, publicly. 
 
 Q(T>-ii^&^^ mJ — G a\J 'La G CJ^ d^ — G o\-) lj S^ G cru (jbr, 
 
 x;. a. to cut, to hew, to dig, to engrave. 
 Q<3\-ir5r^rj-^ sub. comp. of Qa>LjLDf contracted for Q,a\-i(^LDi 
 
 from G cyu ^ ^ s/, q.v. and r^ /j", q. v. hot water. 
 G (Tu Li? cro, spelt also Qctuluu^o^d, sub. heat of the sun, 
 
 glare, sunshine. 
 G (5\J ontP, sub, an open space, a field ; adj. open, 
 public. 
 
 •2 c
 
 194 
 
 G <TU ov^ 6:iS (5^ ^ /v? ^, V. a. comp, of Q a\_i osrr, q. v. 
 and ct:lS 6" ^ ^ ^'i q* ^- to divulge, to make 
 manifest. 
 
 G <y>-J 0£vC5 -1- u, suh. whiteness, the colour white. 
 
 Q (3\-i m' \JD Q (y^ , (idv. in vain, emptily, without ad- 
 vantage, without foundation. 
 
 Q (Tu do A^P 2/^ or Q (y\_j g- ^ a/rro, sub. Betel leaf, (Piper 
 Betel). 
 
 G^vjuTLD, sub. (^jT:) swiftness, impetuosity, haste, heat, 
 anger. 
 
 Ga\J^A9S/ — G(Tur5G5"anr — G cj\-j © C oyj abr, v. n. to 
 
 be hot, to burn. 
 G c5\j ^ {22) K-, sub. a royal tiger. 
 GovjsIcijQ-, sub. (^^) a cloth of four cubits. 
 G a\-J ^2mJ LD> or wore properhj G a\J ^^ ©^ ld, used imper- 
 
 sonalhj,from G a\-) 6Sm- (i? ^ aq ^7) (Z- ^^ it is necessary, 
 
 it is desired. A. G. Sect. 78. 
 G cyu (Stror L3 n- ld, neg. impers. verbt it need not be, it must 
 
 not be, it is not desired. 
 G cTu <5m- r ,r? Lu, contracted for Q <y\_i 6m- \ q. (Juv, past part. 
 
 from G 5^_) 5<Jor (5^ ^ A9 ^, q. v. wanted, desired. 
 G (5\~i sSrsT (5^ f^ A9 sy — G (5\J 6^ I gi G otr ot — G ovj 6^ (5^ 
 
 G (Tu c5TTr,. V. a. to wish, to desire, to pray. 
 G ovj cr ^2) <Tu, 5Z/&. sweat. 
 Gcru2/n\?, 5z//a work, labour, a business. 
 Qo\-i^iJ^sw, sub. a time, an opportunity, an occasion. 
 Q(Tu/n/, odj. separate, different, other. 
 G c?u AQ/ LJ i-i:i infin. vsed adverbially^ from G a\-' i^ i— ' (S^ 
 
 ^ A^ S^'j to change ; separately.
 
 195 
 
 G (TU (y^ ^ £5* n- ov) LD or Q cru O^ ^ e> rr av) ld, comp. 
 of Q g\_} our (f\D, heat, «;/(/ ^n-av)LD, q. v. the hot 
 season. 
 
 22) a\-J ^ f^ A9 ^ — i22) (Tu 5" G S" (5tTr — 23? a\J lj G L-' obr, f. a. 
 to keep ; to place, to lay, to put, to set. 
 
 CS)a\J5'^y^G05^O\n"CM5^A9S>'> '^' o, comp. o/'(22)C5\-i5"Syj 
 vineiyech, from 02) o^-J c^ ^ a9 sy, (/. r. and Qe^ rr ovt 
 0£v^^^^, <7. V. to suppose; to grant or admit (for 
 the sake of argument). 
 
 2 c 2
 
 ANALYSIS.
 
 CONTRACTIONS USED IN THE ANALYSIS. 
 
 Abl. 
 
 Ace. 
 
 Adj. 
 
 Adv. 
 
 A. G. 
 
 C. Abl. 
 
 Comp. 
 
 CxDnj. 
 
 Cop. Conj 
 
 Dat. 
 
 Defect. 
 
 Der. 
 
 Deriv. 
 
 Fem. 
 
 Fin. 
 
 Fut. 
 
 Gov. 
 
 Hon. 
 
 I. Abl. 
 
 I. c. w. 
 
 Imp. 
 
 Inipers. 
 
 In. 
 
 Ind. 
 
 Infin. 
 
 Interj. 
 
 InteiTOg. 
 
 L. Abl. 
 
 Masc. 
 
 Neg. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 Norn. 
 
 Ord. 
 
 P. 
 
 P. Adj. 
 
 Ablative Case. 
 Accusative Case. 
 Adjective. 
 Adverb. 
 
 Anderson's Grammar. 
 Causal Ablative Case. 
 Com{)ound. 
 Conjunction. 
 . Copulative Conjunction. 
 Dative Case. 
 Detective. 
 Derived from. 
 Derivative. 
 Feminine. 
 Final. 
 
 Future Tense. 
 Governed by. 
 Honorific Form. 
 Instrumental Ablative. 
 In Construction with. 
 Imperative Mood. 
 Impersonal Verb. 
 Initial. 
 
 Indicative Mood. 
 Infinitive Mood. 
 Interjection. 
 Interrogative. 
 Local Ablative. 
 Masculine. 
 Negative. 
 Neuter. 
 
 Nominative Case. 
 Ordinal. 
 
 Part of a Section in 
 Anderson's Grammar. 
 Pronoun Adjective. 
 
 Pagh. Paghupadam or Deriva- 
 
 tive Noun. 
 Participle. 
 Past Tense. 
 Person or Personal. 
 P.Dem.Pron.Proximate Demonstra- 
 tive Pronoun. 
 Plural Number. 
 Proper Name. 
 Present Tense. 
 Reflective. 
 R.Dem.Pron.Remote Demonstrative 
 
 Pronoun. 
 S. Section in Anderson's 
 
 Grammar. 
 Social Ablative Case. 
 
 Part. 
 Past. 
 Pers. 
 
 PI. 
 
 P.N. 
 
 Pres. 
 
 Reflect. 
 
 S. Abl. 
 
 Sing. 
 Sub. 
 V. 
 Vett. 
 
 Singular. 
 
 Substantive. 
 Verb. 
 
 Vett-ttoomeiporool, or 
 Noun, with the form of 
 the Nominative Case 
 and the signification of 
 the Oblique or Geni- 
 tive. A. G. S. 2G. 
 
 Vett.Togh.Vett-ttoomeittoghei, the 
 Oblique, or Aorist, 
 Case. A. G. S. 43. 
 
 Vin. Vineiyechcham of the 
 
 past tense, sometimes 
 called Gerund. A. G. 
 S. 72. 
 
 Vineik. VineikkoorrippooorCon- 
 jugated Derivative. 
 A. G. S. 12G. 
 
 Voc. Vocative Case.
 
 The numeral letters followed hy figures mark a reference 
 to the sentences and ivords of the Analysis: thus, ''see II. 7," 
 signifies, see the seventh word of the second sentence. 
 
 The dependence of Adjectives and Participles on the 
 Substantives which they qualify, is not always stated : and, in 
 like manner, I have not deemed it necessary to notice obvious 
 cases of grammatical concord. 
 
 When one word depends on, or qualifies another, and yet 
 is undeclined, I have called the former in construction with 
 the latter, to distinguish this case from that wherein there 
 is a conformity of gender, number, &c. which I have expressed 
 by the word agreement.
 
 ANALYSIS 
 
 OF 
 
 THE FIRST STORY. 
 
 I. 
 
 There was ^ a' Gooroo" called^ Paramrirtan/ 
 
 ^ LJ mo rr /<o ^ abr, p. n. si7ig. nom. coupled by the 
 connective vin. 6r obr aq/, with (^ ^ oxj n- o^ c>yj- rj- ^ Avitb 
 which word it may therefore be considerd in apposition. 
 ^ srabr/n/, from 6rabr^ /v) ^, connective vin. A. G. P. 1 
 and 2 of S. 103; the fin. s_ cut off,* A. G. S. 13. 
 ^^QG?> num. adj. A. G. P. 1 of S. 134. '* (g (^ o^_j rr (5^ 
 (5\jd^, sub. comp. of sub. (^^, and ^<jur g\^ i-^-f past 
 
 * For the sake of brevity, the elision of the letter 2 — > according 
 to A. G. S. 13, and the interposition of the letter LU or 0\-J, according 
 to A. G. S. 14, will not again be noticed. A comparison of the words 
 connected together, as in the Tamul text, with the same words separated, 
 as in the Analysis, will plainly shew the application of these rules, which 
 are so frequently used as to make it worth while to dispose of them 
 once for all. 
 
 t The verbal pagh. ^ C^ CTU jbr, ^ (5^ a\J Oin*, ^ our g^, 
 are frequently added by a pleonasm to nouns substantive : thus, 
 (^ (^ CTlJ it cyUT C5\J (jbr? literaUy, he who is the Gooroo, i. e. the 
 Gooroo. 
 
 2 D
 
 202 
 
 verbal -pa gh. masc. from ^^ aqs/j A- ^- P- 1 of S. 113, 
 sing. nom. lion, before the v. ©ei^CDS"^^- ^©OOJCS 
 ^ rr n-, from @ e:^ ^ ^ /v} ^, t?. pos^. Srd yers, si72g. hon. 
 A. G. Note in Page 42, and P. 2 of S. 66. 
 
 II. 
 
 Five persons/ called^ Matti, Madeiyan, Pedei, Mileichan 
 and Moodan/ were^ as disciples/ to do* service^ at his^ com- 
 manding." 
 
 ^ «^a\JO-, r. cltm. pron. A. G. S. 43, and Note in Page 
 37} 'vctt. hon. i. c. w. the verbal noun 6r c5^ls cjot ^ ^ (g". 
 ^ 6r '5X? (5^ s^ ^ ©, from 6r6M^ ^ SJ^ p^^^ i^er^c/ pog/z. 
 neuf. A. G. P. 2 of S. 113, sing. dat. case. ^2Lr3vr y?Lu ld, 
 sw6. 5z//g. ??om. put for ace. gov. by the v. Gf?=LULu; the 
 fin. LD changed to «^, A. G. S. 31. ^G^lulu, from 
 Q^i'u^ JV) SJi ^'- i^lfin. gov. by the v. ©oc^rs^nrrrer oVr. 
 
 ■'' LD 'LO- LM LO, LD (S) Li: LU ^2}/ LD, G LJ 02) 5" LL| LD, LtP 2yO>D e= 
 
 f?=02)/ LD, 0^1^02)^ LD ; the five foregoing sub. here used as 
 
 p. 11. are connected by the cop. conj. 2 ld. which follows 
 
 each ; they are placed in apposition with ^ c^u O", through 
 the medium of the connective vin. <5rabr aq/. ^5rc5br aq/, see 
 I. 2. '^ ^ ovj ^, num. deriv. A. G. P. 2 of S. 136, pi. nom. 
 to the 7). @^ r5 ^ rr rrm oVr. ^ ^ 2_q n- ^ ej o\rr rr ^, from 
 ^axiOT, sub. pi. nom. rendered adverbial by the addition 
 of the iiifin. ^^, A. G. P. 3 of S. 97. ^ ©c^r^grr/T-^ONn-, 
 from @ (^ ^ ^ A9 ^, w. p«5f . 3?'^ pei's. pi. the letter c5\j 
 precedes this word,* A. G. S. 14. 
 
 * See Note in the Preceding Page.
 
 203 
 
 III. 
 
 These^ all six," having gone^ on foot' in the ways'* of the 
 villages/ to enquire for*^ other'* disciples,^ in coming'^ again^° to 
 the Mattam," one'' day,'^ in the time'^ of the third'^ watch/"^ 
 arrived"' at a'** river'^ bank.^" 
 
 ^ @(yu a- ^o\rr, from ©ovjot, p. clem. pron. pi. nom. to 
 the V. Qu^ d^^ & ui ovT. ^ sij aq/ c5yj e^ ld, num. cleriv. 
 see II. 7, pi- nom. in apposition with @ cjvj d- ^ onat, the 
 
 particle 2 ld is added to imply totality, A. G. P. 4 of 
 
 S. 140, the fin. ld changed to rk/. A, G. S. 31. ^ u^ n- (jor 
 ^2) Ln LU n- K", from m rr (5or 02) i^j s?/6. comp. of u> rr o^d, 
 and r^a^LD, united, A. G. S. 37, and rendered a^rer^/oZ 
 by the addition of the injin. ^ es", see II. 8. *lx)^a9, 
 adj. ^ ^ 2_e n- ^ ^ a/ovT, from ^ a_e obr, sub. pi. ace. gov. 
 by the v. 6^l£ e= rr rf^ ^ ^. ^ ctilS s= /t .rf^ et 05-, from cjic f^ rr 
 rf^ ^ ^ A9 s/» ^- 2'i^^^- go^'- by G f5= OUT .:^ 'x ^ oVt. '^ ^ ^ 
 LD nv ^ OvT, from ^ ^^ ld lDj sub. pi. nom. vett. A. G. S. 26, 
 i. c. w. the sub. cjyj yp, the in. &y doubled, A. G. S. 22. 
 ^ C5\j yP, 5?/Z>. smg. nom. for /. 06/. ^ G lj nr Lu, from 
 G UJ n- ^ ^; 6£y, w/z. 1. c. w. @ oYj o" ^ OVT. g^ (^i^ ld u?, 
 from ^ Qoj LD L_4 ^ A9 sy» ^2W. i. c. w. ©(tuq-^ovt; this 
 word literalhj signifies, " having turned,'' but generally 
 corresponds with the English "again;" the in. ^ is 
 doubled, because the preceding word is considered as a 
 i;z/i. in @, of which, in fact, it is a contracted form, A. G. 
 S. 21. ^^ LD Ln g- s^ ^ S"» from ldi-^ld, sub. sing. dat. 
 A. G. P. 3 of S. 47. ^^ o\-> ^^2)U^ llSoV?, /. abl. of o\j QC5 
 22^ 05", a verbal in ^, A. G. P. 1 of S. 1 14, from (tu(^ ^w mJ- 
 
 2d 2
 
 204 
 
 ^^6h(S, num. adj. ^^G5^ovn-, sub, swg. mm. used ellip- 
 tically for the /. abl. the fin. oVr might have been changed 
 to 6Tfer, A. G. S. 37. *^ £P°OT.^ LD, ord. adj. A. G. P. 2 
 of S. 147, the fin. Co changed to «^, A. G. S. 31. '^^ B^rr 
 LDLD^sub. sing. vett. i. c. w. Q.r3 0-^ ^o\d, the fin. Co is 
 dropped, A.G.S.32. ^^ Q r^ cr ^ ^ o\Dy from Qrso-LO, 
 sub. sing. I. abl. A. G. P. 4 of S. 49- ^^^"T, num. adj. 
 the in. 63 is lengthened, and the fin. 2_ cut off, A. G. P. 2 
 of S. 134. ^^ ^do/v)LD, adj. formed from the sub, ^/^o.', 
 the fin. Co changed to ^, A. G. S. 31. ^^ u^ (^o~^(S, 
 from m<2^Ti sub. sing. dat. A. G. P. 3 of S. 47- '^^ G^^o^jt 
 ^& ui ovT, from G ^cro Q^ ^ a9 s^', 'V, past. Srd pers. pi. 
 agreeing ^vith @ oyj 'x e? ovt, the in. ^ is doubled, A. G. 
 
 s. 19. 
 
 IV. 
 
 The Gooroo^ thinking thus:^ ''This^ river" is cruel ;^ there- 
 fore/ at the time^ that it is awake/ it cannot be passed ;"^ 
 having* commanded^^ Mileichan/*^ sent (him)^^ to examine^* 
 the river's^- sleep." 
 
 ^ ®^^> P' udj. A. G. P. 1 of S. 60. ^r5 ^, sub. sing. 
 
 nom. ^ Qu; IT i_q. gy, from Qu^ rr Q> 2^iDy vineik. A. G. 
 
 S. 125 and 126, Srd pers. sing. neut. as a verb, agreeing 
 
 with rs ^. "* ^ 02) ^ -u n- ov), sing. c. abl of ^ 02) ^5 verbal 
 
 in ^, from ^j^eT aqs/* A. G. P, 1 of S. 118. ^c^i^ypg- 
 
 ^(Tp ^(^ld, consisting of <sx£ y? ©■ ^, vin, from crx? y? sr 
 
 f^ A9 ^/, and @ (^ ^ © LD, /w^. par^. from @ (TF e^ ^ aq s/ ; 
 
 comp.part.fut. used for the pms. A. G. P. 1 of S. 92, i. c. w. 
 
 G a-J 2.'3^/^ LIS ab. ^ G o^ a/^vr llS" ao, from G c5\j a-'ovr, 57/6.
 
 205 
 
 sing. I. abl. A. G. P. 4 of 8. 49, the fin. ab changed to zi:, 
 A. G. S. 36". '^ejLri^e^LJL-M^rr ^/, passive voice of the 
 72e^. t'. A. G. S. 76, comp. of k^ lh ^ ^, t/ifin. from 
 e? La ^ 05^ A9 ^, and LJ L3 rr ^, 7ie^. i'. Srd pcTs. neiit* from 
 L_i (5^ E^ A9 s/- ^<5r (5^ AQ/, see I. 2. ^ (gj qc^ cyu n- ctot oyj 'x, 
 
 see I. 4, nom. to the t;. cti^m n- rf. ^" l£5^ 2y^o e= f5= syfy^rr, 
 
 from LfP2/n-oe=f?=abr, p. ??. occ. ^^ 6r<y:L£, from sr^ij^/v:)^', 
 i;27?. i. c. w. ^{[^ o\J rr a^ o"\-i &- ^'^ ?i ^ a^ obr, from ^^ia^, 
 sw6. sz';?"-. vett. togh. A. G. Note to Page 37, i. c. w. rg^ ^ gf- 
 02?^. ^^ rg^ gr aT (i2) O", sub. noiii. for acc. gov. by the 
 V. (29=n-g^^er, the in. rg is dropped, A. G. S. 35. '^'^d^rr 
 g^^ ^, from G ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ A9 ^, V. injin, gov. by 
 
 cn_S' '1 n- rj-. ^^ (yi_s '\ rr rj-, from cTl^ ©^ ^ A9 s^, f . 2>'^'-'>'^ 
 
 Srd pers. si}ig. jnasc. hon. agreeing with © ej cru rr c^ur cTlj -j-. 
 
 V. 
 
 For this purpose,* when he had kindled*" fire^ in a tobacco 
 leap chooroot/ carrying along^° the firebrand,^ which he bore" 
 in his hand/ without approaching*^ the river/" standing*^ afar 
 ofF,*^ stretching (it) forth/'' he- immersed*^ it** into the water.'^ 
 
 ^ 24 S" iv:? @, from 24 ^, r. de?n. pron. sing. neut. dat. 
 A. G. P. 5 of S. 47. '^©oxJotF, see III. 1, sitig. masc. 
 nom, to Q^ rr u^^ ^ rr cjbr. *" l_: (22) ^ U-S" a^-), sub. sing, 
 vett. i. c. w. e? Q5r tijL c3v>. "* 5f (^ 'La cv>, from ere^iij®, 
 sub. sing. I. abl. the in. ^ doubled, A. G. S. 26, the fin. 
 a\3 changed to ^, A. G. S. 36. ^ ^, sub. sing. nom. for 
 ace. the ^ changed to aq, A. G. S. S6. ^ i—^v) A9^2)c5\_J5r^, 
 from Lj49^2iZ)<5vj^^'' A9 ^/, V. injin. or vin. of the pi'cs.
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 206 
 
 used for viiu of the past. A. G. Note in Page 120, the in. l_.' 
 is doubled, A. G. S. 18. "^ o2) e> lis ov), from ^u)^, sub, 
 I. abl. the in. ^ is doubled, A. G. S. 22. ^ errs ^(5^? 
 from 6r rs ^ ^ A9 gy, past. part. i. c. w. Q ^ rro^ tj^f^^ 
 ^Li3a2)L:=iiS)tJ_jj A. G. p. 1 of S. 92. ^ Qu^rvQ^Ta^rf^^^ih 
 (23) 1-3 02) u-Jj from Qui it qVt osrf ^ K" Li 02) l=, sub. sing. ace. 
 ^^ C STT 6W (5^ (S L-.I rr Lu, from G ^ ^ <5^ 6^ (2 l_i rr ^ aq ^, 
 ??/». G^^<5TOr(5', from G 5> n- oVr o^^rg ^ a9 ^, and vin. 
 Q,LJ rr Lu, from Q\^ rr ^ aq ^, comp. vin. i. c. w. @ a\j c^br. 
 
 SL|(52)5-, see V. 1, flcc. gov. by G S" n- lU g- ^ n- obr. 
 
 ^ iV> 52) a9j see IV. 12, acc.\ in this instance, as the 
 rule A. G. S. 14 is not observed, the vowel ^ is written 
 in its initial form. *^ 24 6OTr i^ rr ^, from 24 6^ (B' 9!^ A9 ^, 
 /<e^. xin. A. G. P. 1 of S. 75, i. c. w. @o\jot. ^* ^yro- ld, 
 5wZ). used adverbially, the fin. ld is dropped, A. G. S. 32. 
 
 r^tjoT ^V3/, from rg^ /V3 f^ /\9 ^, t'm. i. c. w. @ a\j (^br. 
 
 5r'i_a, from 6rLi©»^A9^, fm. also i. c. w. @(yu(5br. 
 
 g- 6OTr (STOP rf^ G c^j from g-g^drof^d-, si^6. si/i^. I. abl. 
 
 Q>^ rvLu^ ^ IT (5br, from Ggr^Lu5^^A9S/j i'- i^a^^- 
 Srd pers. sing. masc. agreeing with @(5Yj(5br. 
 
 VI. 
 
 He who was called^ Mileichan,** perceiving that^ as soon as^ he 
 immersed it,* the water^ smoked^ with a hissing noise,^^ hurry- 
 ing,^'' stumbling,^^ falling^- (and) running," exclaimed,^* "Sir! 
 Sir !'* it is not^^ now'' the time'** to pass'^ the river :*^ it^^ being 
 awake,^' as soon as^^ I" touched it,*' hissing^^ like"''' a poisonous 
 serpent,^^ smoking'^ in fierce rage^^ (and) leaping,'* it is indeed 
 a wonder,'^ that saving" (my) life,'^ P^ escaped'*^ from the fury 
 with which'* it opposed" me."'^ 
 
 15 
 16 
 
 17 
 18 
 
 25 
 
 40
 
 207 
 
 ^ (2 5" ^ Ju 3" ^, see V. 18, pasi part. i. c. w. s— in c^br. 
 
 ^2 L^OT, sing. nom. used elliptically, for the /. ahl. to 
 
 denote celerity, A. G. P. 3 of 8. 149. ^ S" <5m5r 6nof d", 
 5m6. sing. nom. to the verbal pa gh. L-^cSj^rg^^, A. G. 
 S. 117, the in. ^ changed to aq, A. G. S. 33. * e? /v^ d^, 
 a natural, indecUnabk word, A. G. Note to Page 85. 
 ^6rd^v^n/-, connective vin. see I. 2. ^ l_j ^2) k^ r^ g- ^, from 
 i_)22)^^ A9^, past verbal pagh. agreeing, in its capacity 
 of V. Avith g- 6OTr6TOf* rf, and, as a 7?o//7?, ??o/7z. for gcc. gov. 
 by K- 6:fcr (5^, A. G. P. 1 and 2 of S. 1 17. '' ^ 6m- d?, from 
 u;rT6m:^^^, vin.'i. c. w. Ijc5^2/m5e=0=c5br. ^ L£?s/wB=F=(5br, 
 see IV. 10, notn. to sr otsr ,^ c5tjr. ^ ^ cjbr l_' cyu obr, from 
 6rabr^/v:)^, /"^^^ verbal pagh. sing. nom. masc. in appo- 
 sition with Li5'2/m3e=e=(5br, A. G. P. 5of S. 117. ^^i-Jg-zvp, 
 from L^ ^ A2/ ^ A9 ^, f//L i. c. w. \jy^ a^ro e= ^ obr. 
 ^^g-cyu/vp, from gr a\j acj/ ^ /v? s/> '^ij^- also i. c. w. 
 L£5^ 2/o>D e= ^ obr, the in. g- doubled, A. G. S. 21. ^^otlSO" 
 rB ^, from crxS Q? ^ aq ^, t'm. also i. c. w. l^J* 2/mD e= e^cjbr. 
 *^ <S L_p., from ^ (5^ ^ A9 ^, vin. also i. c. w. u^ 2ymD f= fp (jnr. 
 ^*^LLjn-c5\_iLLiLu^, sub. sing. voc. in the reiterative form, from 
 ^LUc5OT and sLiLULUGbr, which two modes of spellingareuscd 
 indifferently. ^^ re ^S2?uu, see IV. 2, ace. gov. by the v. 
 K" La ^ ^. *^ 65" Lz3 ^ er, from k" La ^ e5^ ^ ^, t;. injin. gov. 
 by the 5wZ>. ^/vya^^rrCu, the in. ^ doubled, A. G. S. 20. 
 ^''@LUG^'^» adv. A. G. P. 2 of S. 152. ^^ q- r^ a\j n- u_i, 
 sub. sing nom. to sLiabrAQ/. ^^ aj ot aq/, defect, v. Srd pcrs. 
 A. G. S. 80, agreeing with ^ /nq/ cjyj n- Lu. ^^ajs/j see 
 V. 1, 7iom. to the jMr^. STg^'Tg-g-, which, with the fol- 
 lowing noun, has a verbal capacity, according to a peculiar
 
 208 
 
 construction, whereby the force of the relative, otherwise 
 wanting in this language, is conveyed : thus, r^ rr obr 
 L_' n- /J- gr 5- <5^lS Lb (5^ ^ ©, "to the house which I saw ;" 
 24 G^ 6^ sjrfm- QLLj^rr^^GG\-i(B o\^ ^ ©, " to (or 
 from) the rage which it opposed to me/' ^^(yxS'y?©"^ 
 Z3 rB S7> see IV. 5, comp. vin. of the jprtrs^. i. c. w. 
 
 ^ mJ' ^^ r3 rr (5br, pers. pron. sing. nom. ^^ G ^ rr i , 
 
 from G S" '^ © f^ A9 ^', past part, being, as to its verbal 
 capacity, in regimen with r^n-OT, and in its adj. cha- 
 racter i. c. w. 2 L=2 G o^' ^* 2 Ln G o^9 see VI. 2. 
 
 '^ rj e= gPr, of/; from rg <^ e?. ^^ r^ rr ^ ld, sz^Z>. 5z?7«-. ??07?z. 
 for ace. gov. by the particle Gi-J ^ Go\D' ^^ G l_j n- (2 ov), 
 })roperly the root of the ?:;. G lj ^ Qo/ ^ aq ^, here used 
 as a particle of simiUtude, A. G. P. 2 of S. 100. ^^ e^ 
 A^P S" sv? from ^ A^ ^^m SJy ^"^- i- c. w. 24 s^. ^^ sr rf^ 
 G ^ /^ L-J S" ^ 0^5 fi'om 6r rf^ G ^ ^ I— i LDj ^. o^/. the fin. ov) 
 changed to a:?, A. G. S. 36. ^*^ l_i cs) 6? rg ^, see VI. 6, 
 fm. i. c. w. aj s^. ^^ lj n- uj rs ^j from i_j rr lu ^ A9 ^, 
 vin. also i. c. w. 24 s^. ^^ 6r (5br sa^jt, see VI. 22, ace. 
 ^^ <5r g^ a- ©• 5", from gt ^ & ^ ^ /^ S/> i?«^^ 'pa^'t^ in its 
 verbal capacity agreeing with ^^, and as an adj. quali- 
 fying the following word. ^* G o^ (^ (3v-P ^ (^ ld, from 
 Gcyu^ONTf, 5mZ/. sing. dnt. gov. by the verbal ^CjlSc^^ 
 G S5"' ^^ r5 rr ^, see VI. 22, nom. in regimen with 
 
 ^ Cj i_? (5OT G S"- ^^2 u£ &^ sub. nom. for <7cc. gov. by 
 
 _?22;ups"S/- ^'''' i-S" (22) L-P 5" S/j from LScS)i=peF^A9sv> 
 17^1. i. c. w. rg n- (5br. ^^ g" LJ L.S'CJ^ G 5"> from ^ Lj i_] (^ ao ^, 
 pa.s^ verbal pagh. as a verbal, in regimen with r^ n-,^, and, 
 as a 7?oM7?, 5277^. 7Z0W. subjcct of the sub. v. understood ; the
 
 209 
 
 emphatic particle gt is added, A. G. S. 144. ^^ 2^ ^G«5=lu ld, 
 mh. sing. nom. predicate of the sub. v. understood, the 
 fin. LD is changed to rg, A. G. S. 31. '^^ ^ n-obr, empliatic 
 particle. "^^ sr obr .^ obr, from 6r cjbr ^ aq f^y, v. past. 3rd 
 pers. sing. masc. agreeing with uJ* 2/03 e= e=abr. 
 
 VII. 
 
 To that^ the Gooroo," saying/*^ " What^ can we* do*^ against 
 the divine mind,^ we will wait^ a little^ time ;"" they sat down'^ 
 in a flowery grove^^ in the vicinity,'^ which spread/^ making'* 
 a dark'" shade.*^ 
 
 *2L|55y^©, see V. 1. ^ (^ ^5 cjvj rr (5^ ovj cr, see I. 4, 
 i. €. w, 5r obr /v^/. ^ G 5" a\-J ^^ 6i\ gstt 5- sv ^ (^5 from 
 G 3" c5^-J ^ ej (5ii ovT Lo, s?/Z>. comp. of G S" 0^-1 i5br, and ^ (o> 
 
 fiLlOVTLD, 527?^. Jtf^ ^ r^ H" LD, SCe VI. 22, p/. 7i07?Z. A. G. 
 
 P. 1 of S. 57. ^ 6r ^c^y interrog. pron. used absolutely, 
 A. G. P. 2 of S. 62. ^ G f?= u-J G (3^-' ^ LD, from G^^-u 
 er^ ^1, V. fut. 1st pers. pi. agreeing with r^ rr ld, the fin. 
 LD changed to ^, A. G. S.31. '^ u^^/vy, adj. ^Gcd'tlDj 
 sub, sing. nom. absolute^ the fin. ld changed to n^, A. G. S. 31 . 
 ^^n-5-^(y:5LjGL-Jn-LD, 'vin, m rr ^ ^/, from u; it ^ 
 ^ A9 s-s and @ (^ Lj G L-J ^ LD, from @ e:^ ^ ^ /v:) ^', cow/?. 
 v. fut. 1st pers. pi. ^^^totao/, used for 5rcT^, from ^obr 
 ^ A^gy, A. G. Note to Page 120, vin. placed absolutely 
 with (g (T^ (3\j rr our cru o". ^^ aj 6^ 02) l^ ll? ov), from 
 24 6^ 02) L^j sub, sing. L abl. ^^ @ o (5^ La, from @ (rp a^r5 
 ^ A9 ^j i?«5^ part. i. c. w. rg^ t_p 2y?ro. ^^ rg^ L_p 2/ua:), from 
 rg^ yi ov), sub. sing. ace. ^'^ Q,u^6^ ^', see VII. 6, w/?. i. c. w 
 
 L=D "^ G ^ '^ 2j^TO LL? a\D. ^"^ LJ La Crr5 ^, from LJ La O^AQS^', 
 
 2 E
 
 210 
 
 past part. ^^ i^^d^rr a/tro ll? 0^5, from \^'^Q^it 2/^5, 
 sub. comp. of ^, and Qs^rr^jts^, sing. I. ahl. ^^s^oc^^ 
 ^ rr & r5 ^ IT & u^ ovt, from ^_ g^£3 ef ef rr qh^ ^ /V} ^, v. 
 past Srd pers. pi. gov. by su (Tu /x k" oVt, understood. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 To pass^ the time^ there,' while'" each*^ was relating^ various^ 
 particulars' of this^ river/ he who was called Matti" spoke 
 as folio ws.'*^ 
 
 ^ 2L| oi/ G ^' (^dv. ^ Quit (^ gy, sub. smg. nom. for ace. 
 gov. hy Q,\u n-^U). ^ Qi-MT ^u^^ from G i-J ^ 5^ ^ a9 ^, 
 V. iirftji. A. G. P. 3 and 4 of S. 73. *@r5 S". see IV. 1. 
 ^ rs, g^LL?abr, see IV. 2, vett. iogh. in regimen with <yxsQ^ 
 2_c ^ s^" 2/avT. ^ LJ o\Di adj. "^ ctlS Q> B= 2M Hi/ ^ sj^svT, from 
 (5:1^ G ^ 2-a U)» 5wZ>. pi. ace, ^ 24 oyj a^ cyu obr, ?*. ^ewz. pron, 
 repeated in a distributive sense. ^ Q9=rTa\DO^UiQ>u;rr6m' 
 (3> G\j cCp ld, comp. of t;m. G ^ 'T" (7^5 ovS, from G g^ 't oVs c^^/ 
 ^;i^S/5 '^^^i' GK-n-6rfor(5^, from G e^ n- oVr os^^ ^ A9 ^, 
 and /w^. pa?i. a\_j q:^ ld, from a\j cnj d5^ A9 ^, A. G. P. 2 
 of S. 106, comp. part, in its verbal capacity, agreeing with 
 24 cru (5OT cj\j ctir, and, as an adj. in regimen with sliovo- 
 (TTi^o^. ^^ 2j C5v^ cTxS cyb, from sLicvreu, /. g6/. A. G. Note 
 in Page 136. ^^ ld 'lq. G i-u (5^ l_J o^ c5br, see VI. 8 and 9. 
 ^^G^^OTc^OT^rr o\_j ^, has the same force as Q^rra^ 
 (5ur ^, the termination ^o\j^ being redundant, A. G. 
 P. 5 of S. 117j from G 0= n- ck? q^ ^ a9 ^, |?«sf verbal 
 pagh. neut. as to its verbal capacity, i. c. w. ld'l^ GLucjbr 
 i_'(yLjjbr, and, as a substantive^ nom. to the 5w^. v. under- 
 stood.
 
 211 
 
 IX. 
 
 "I have heard^- my^ Grandfather/" many, many'^ times^ 
 relate," both' the cruelty^ and*"' artfulness'' of this' river.'^ 
 
 • ^@r5 5-, see IV. 1. ^r5g=^LLS'(5br, see VIII. 5. ^(^/^rr 
 
 rr LD> sub. '^2. LD, cop. coiij . the fin. ld changed to r^, A. G. 
 
 S. 31. ^s-rgg^/TLD, sub, ^2 LD, cop. conj. ©^y^rcr 
 
 (^^ LD and 5" rg g^ Q- (Cp^ LD, used in nom. for ace. under 
 gov. of Qb^it d>^(y\:). ''lj^L-JOV), adj. ^ ^^ ^^aq, sub. 
 sing. nom. used elliptically for pi. I. abl. ^srobr, from 
 
 r^rratTr, see VI. 22, vett. togli. ^" lj nr i obr, sub. sing. 
 
 nom. placed absolutely with the injin. Qu^ rr g\:) ov?. 
 ^^ G GP rr a^ ov>, from Qu^rr&^ q^^j ^ nj ^, v. infin. or vin. 
 of the pres. A. G. P. 1 of S. 94. ^~ C^'i-e.ej^(^(2iV^c5br, 
 comp. of vin. G ^ l^ (p, from G ^ Lb 05^^ W» and the 67/^. 
 V. pres. 1st per s. sing. 
 
 X. 
 
 " My^ Grandfather,^ it may be,^ (was) a great^ Merchant.* 
 
 ^6r (5br, see IX. 9- ^lj/th (^br, see IX. 10, subject 
 
 of the sub. V. understood. ^Gc5\j©» ««/• ^ctx^luh- 
 Ljrrrf=^, sz/6. /?o;/i. predicate of the sub. v. understood. 
 
 ^ B" © LD, from ^^ ^ /v) ^, fut. Srd pers. neut. used 
 
 intransitively, A. G. P. 1 of S. 104. 
 
 5 
 
 XI. 
 
 *' One day,- as both^ he^ himself^ and^- his^" companion," 
 driving" two^ asses^ laden with^ salt^ bags,* (and) descend- 
 
 2 E 2
 
 7 
 
 ing*^ into the mid^^-river/^ were coming along ;^^ in order to 
 relieve fatigue"^' a little,**^ as it was" the summer' season,"* they 
 themselves-" bathed"^ in the cool-' water, ■^- which was running^ 
 up to'^ (their) middles,'^ and having halted^* the asses^** also,,^^ 
 they washed (them).^' 
 
 ^ 24 o\j o", T. clem. pron. masc. si?ig. nom. lion. ^ 6^ ^ 
 rjn-cjN/T, seelll. 13and 14. ^ 2—'Jj\^, sub.vett. *<3'_in-g^, 
 aiib. nojn. for ace. gov. by 6J- /v? acPoot, the in. lj is doubled, 
 A. G. S. 19 and 26. ^st^^vPcjot, from sr^ Ao/^A^gy, 
 past part. i. c. av. 05-(^52)e7^2y^5vr. ^ @nr6^ (5^, num. adj. 
 ^ & 03) S" ^ 2yavr, from er O' 22) 5"j smZ>. p/. ace. gov. by 
 ^ 'i_0- ^ G^ ^ ^^d?- ^S'^obr, reflect, pron. in appo- 
 sition with ^a\-i'T. ^2 LD, cop. conj. ^^ S" (5nr, fi'om 
 
 g- rr {5br, i"e/^. ^og/i. ^^ 0n_ i rr o\rf^, sub. sing. 7wm. 
 
 ^^ 2 LD, cop. conj. SL| (5\j d^, BT n- cbr and 9ri_ ^ rr avf^ are 
 
 conjointly jwm. to (g: csvi^ lj i_j rr -lq. ,g^ cr ^ ovn-. ^^e^iii 
 L-Q. 5^ G ^ '^ <5^ ©"* comp. of 17/?. ^ 'U5.5 from 65 ih & 
 eTAo^, and ri/i. G0^^<5cfor(P, i. c. w. 24(3\j& ^ rr^^ 
 
 ri) s* obr On- Lin Ln n- o\rf^ u_j LD. ^"^ '1) 6". o<'/;. the fin. 2 
 
 followed by sij, A. G. S. 14. ^^ ?4 /vp /vp av), see IV. 12, 
 /. abl. ^^ @ A9 ov ^, from @ ao ^k/ ^ A9 ^', vin. same con- 
 struction as ^ 'LQ. ^ G ^ n-6OTr (p. ^'^ 0\-J(r:? 02) K- LL? ONJ, 
 
 /. G^/. of a>-j(^a2) ^> verbal from (Tu(!:5^A9e5y. ^^©o^l^j 
 sw6. 5zV?g. 720//1. gov. by LDLi ©^ LD. ^^ LD tin 6^ LD, propcfly 
 a sw^. here used as a postposition, A. G. S. 150. ^° ^ © ^^, 
 from ^(5^^A9S^, pres. ptrr^ i. c. w. g- eror encip rf^ g cjv>. 
 '^^ (^ ovf^crrB S"j jf'rom (gj ov^(v3 ^ ao gy, past part. ^^^6m- 
 <5^T^ rf=^ G CJV, from ^ error (Sncf d", /. oZ'/. ^^ G ^ n- ^2) l^, 
 i)i/6. re^^ ^^rs/TovT, sw^. sing. nom. placed absolutely
 
 213 
 
 with the z/?^«. ^^^C^^oVrovrr. ''^^^G^^oVrovn-, 
 from ^ ^ A9 S7, and G ^ 'T' oVt 6$£5 ^ a9 Sv» co?7?p. infin. 
 QV vin. of the /?7'e5. used absokitely. ^^B^^^n^, adv. the 
 in, F= doubled, A. G. S. 22. '^^@ ss/rvr lj i—i n- a^, from 
 @ 2/avT LJ LJ n- -V3/ ^ A9 g^y, ?7?^«. gov. by © gW^ ©" s:.'. 
 "^ g- rr rK/ ^ ojv^ LD, from ^ rr obr, reflect, pron. pi. nom. 
 
 coupled by the conj. 2 ld, with the nom. to (govt^Lj 
 
 Uj rr 'U5. .25) cr ^ ontt, the in. ^ doubled, A. G. S. 22, the 
 fin. LD changed to rk/, A. G. S. 31. ^^©o\rp5"sy, from 
 S a^-f ^95^^ ^, tv/L i. c. w, ^ rr rrj u^ qVt. ^ ui O" ^2^ S" 
 
 msjsvT, see XL 7. ^^2 ld, cop. conj. the ld dropped; 
 
 it ought rather to have been changed to r^ A. G. S. 32, 
 but it seems to be considered as a syllable of the pre- 
 ceding Avord . ^'•^ rg^ AQ/ ©• ^, from rp£^^ ^^ aq ^', vin. 
 
 i. C. W. ^ rr rK' ui oVr. ^^ © G\rf^ LJ LJ rr 'LQ. ^^ & ^ OVT, 
 from (g (jsTf LJ i_i n- Li (p ^ ^ ^, pas^. 3ri/ pers. pi. the in . 
 ^ doubled, A. G. S. 21. 
 
 XII. 
 
 *' Afterwards/ when they passed^' ^ to the further bank," they 
 perceived,-^ that" the river'^ had eaten° alP the salt,* and,^ 
 moreover,^'' (that) it had'*^ miraculously'Mrawn oiit-° and stolen"^ 
 alP^ the salt,'*^ without opening^^ in the least^* the mouths'* of 
 the gunny bags^^ which were well" sewed. ^- 
 
 ^ L-? 5br M> fi^<?^'- ^SL|E^^^2)cr^©, comp. of ^ for 
 2L| rg 5", and u^ (y^rret ^, from ^^gjcr, sub. shig. dot. 
 ^Ge=(5br/v), from G ^ c?^ Q^ ^ a9 ^/, past part. i. c. w. 
 ©Lag-^o^?, the in. f= doubled, A. G. S. Ip. ^©i^grS^o^, 
 from ©L^LDj siih. sing. I. abl. A. G. Note in Page 163.
 
 214 
 
 b 
 
 2—. uU M» sub. reit. ^5rc^(7>orr5-22)S"LMLD, from 
 6r o\o av) n- LO, sub. sifig. ace. gov. by ^abr/v^sj; for 
 the addition of the particle 2__ld, seeA.G. Note in 
 Page 29. '^ ^^n/9 see IV. 12, nom. to verbal pagh. g^our 
 Ao^, and g^(r^uj9L(5^^. ^^obrAo^, from ^(^br^A^ej/, 
 
 /;as/ feriflf/ pagh. neut. ^2 ld, cop. coiij. ^^ 24 o^ crv) n- ld a\?, 
 
 fi'om defect, v. sl|(7\3c5V), fm. used adverbially, the fin. oV? 
 changed to obr, A. G. S. 37- " .3 c5br^^LLj, sw6. rg (jbr /vy, 
 rendered adverbial bj the addition of tlie t;i?L :^ lu, A. G, 
 P. 4of S. 104, the in. r^ dropped, A. G. S. 37. ^^02) 5" 5"^ 
 q:5G5 5"j part. comp. of vin. ^^^^ ^,h'Qm o^^u^^'^ao ^, 
 and the part, of the sub. v. the in. ^ doubled, ^lLi being pro- 
 perly a vin. in @, A. G. S. 21. ^^ Q^ /TgOTToS) ^> swZ>. vett. 
 ^* cru n- ^2) LU, from c5^_i rr lLj, sub. sing. ace. ^^ e= 49 aq/ lo, 
 adv. the in. e= doubled, A. G. S. 20, the fin. ld changed 
 to GB, A. G. S.31. ^^ g^AOcyu/TLDav), from ^^aqb-^aq^, 
 7?eo-. i'i;L A. G. P. 1 of S. 75, i. c. w. ^/vy. ^'^sli/^l.i 
 g-UDn-Lju, sw6. 2L|^L_i^LD, rendered adverbial by the ad- 
 dition of ^lu, see XII. 11. '^^2^[ljm,sub.vett. ^^crcfo 
 av)rr LD, sub. nom. for ace. the fin. ld changed to <^, A. G. 
 S.31. ^^ G EP n- rf^ r^ ^ (5:lS Lb ©^, i^m. Qu^rrrT'r^^, from 
 G e= /T rf^ ^ A9 ^, and t^m. (t^ La (5^, from (t:^^ &^ ^SJy 
 comp. vin. i. c. w. ^/vy- ^^ ^^I-Q-C^ ^, from ^^ 
 ©^A9S/> P«s/ verbal pagh. neut. agreeing, as a v. with 
 ^ AQ/. ^^ ^ 95- from ?i ^ A9 ^, i;?^/z. joined to g^ (r^ l_q. 
 cyor 65/5 with the same force as the connective vin. erabr/vj/, 
 A. G. P. 2 of S. 117. ^^ £5: 6m- La rr a- 6> ovx, from 
 e=r n- 6^57 E^ AD ^, i;. pas^. Srd pers. pi. masc. the in. ^ 
 doubled, A. G. S. 22.
 
 215 
 
 XIII. 
 
 They" rejoiced,^* saying,'^ ' Ha, ha,^ since it has seized^ this^ 
 salt/ indeed it is^ (lit. is it noV.) a great"^ blessing" that the 
 river^ has left,^ without swallowing,'^ us : ' " ^ thus'^ spoke'^ 
 Matti/« 
 
 *^^, interj. ^©rg^, see IV. 1. ^ 2__ lj ^2) i— '» see 
 XII. 5 "^[.S & rRj ^^ Q u^ IT 6:yuvL-Q.<^ f3W^,^IDQ(y\D, 
 comp. vin. \_S(B'^^» fro"^ LS®^^^mJi ^in. GE^rrdOTrd^, 
 and @^ f3^^',^^G<J\D, from @ oc^ ^ ^ aq s/» comp. past, 
 verbal pagh. c. abl. ^ sy ck? G c^v) /r, defect, v. 24 crb, with the 
 particle ^, having the force of an emphatic interj. A. G. P. 4 
 of S. 142. ^ (5r rk/ EST sj^svr, see VI. 22, pi. ace. gov. by 
 
 (jx? '1 ^. ''^ ^/^9 sub. sing. nom. to the verbal pagh. 
 
 cn_c.i ^. ^ cn-SOT^ ^n-LDcyV?, from cn-^OT'T^^Ao^, 
 
 neg. vin. i. c. w. ^co/. ^c^xS'i ^5 see IV. 15, verbal 
 
 pagh. as a t;. agreeing with ^ aq/, as a noun, subject of 
 X\\Q sub. V. understood. ^^ i£> u^ rr adj . ^^ r^ Gbr(22)Lc, 67/^. 
 527?^. nom. predicate of the sub, v. understood. ^^^rc^brA^', 
 see I. 2. ^^ 21J o^-j d^ e> oVr, see XL 1, pi. noyn. ^V rg 
 
 G5"/^a-QLljLJ'i n-rfEF ovT, from B^rg (25Tr2_aLL'LJ(5^ 
 
 05^A9g:y, r. pas/. 3rJ pers. pi, ^^srobr/v^/, see I. 2. 
 *^L£)'i-0-j p' ^i- 5i;/£-. noyn. ^'^ Q^nr(j(yT ^^a^, from (2e=n-av> 
 qv2/ ^ ^ S/» ^- P^^^- Srf/ pers. siz/g. ??ez//. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 Upon that^ Pedei^ began^ another^ anecdote.* 
 
 ^5ij5"4:)@'> see V. 1. '^ G l_J 62) ^ lu nr (yor cvj obr. p. n. 
 see 1.4, nom. to s^ a\j ^ 05^ .S5) abr, the in. lj doubled,
 
 216 
 
 A. G. S. 19» ^LD^Gr^^, adj. comp. of the adj. io/:b^o, 
 and the num. adj. 6h^'- in this compound we find an 
 exception to the general rules of connection. ^ G e^ lu g^, 
 sub. nom. for ace. ^ ^G\-J^^SS>d^> from ^(yu^^ aq^, 
 V. past. Srdpers. sing, agreeing with QLja^^Lurra^a\jabr* 
 
 XV. 
 
 " The stratagems, tricks and deceits'* which belong' to this* 
 river,* have happened'' numerously^ in my^ day :^ pray listen.^ 
 
 ^ @ r5 ^, see IV. 1 , ^ ^ 45 AQ/ ^ ©J see IV. 12, dat. 
 
 gov. by 2 oVt ovt, used as in Lat. *' est pro habeo/' 
 
 A. G. S. 47. ^2_oVTOv-r, from the defect, v. 2_6W(5', 
 past part. * 2_ lj rr lu g- rs ^^xr^ ^CC5 i^&^^ oVr, subs. 
 of which the last alone has the pi. termination, noji. to 
 r5i=if3^Sy'' ^ Gl£)^^, adv. ^(?r(5tjr, see IX. 9. '^rgn-csvrp 
 GcJVj see III. 14, I. abl. the in. rg is changed to (5ur, A. G. 
 S. 35. ^ r5 Ln ,'3 ^ S7j from r^ Ln ^ 35^ a^ ^, t'. pa5^. 3/'^ 
 pers. neut. ^ G ^ La 67, from G ^^ Lj ^ aq ^, infin. put for 
 i;?zp. A. G. P. 2 of S. 96. 
 
 XVI. 
 
 "Whilst^ a^ dog," having snapped up^ a morsel of mutton,* 
 which he had stolen,' (was) swimming'^ in the mid^-stream,'' 
 the river^^ deceitfully^'^ exhibited^^' *^ in the water^* another^- 
 piece of flesh.^' 
 
 ^ 6h <^i see III. 13. ^ r5 IT Lu, sub. sing. nom. to the verbal 
 pagh. G LJ IT ^zs) u, uS 0^3. ^ ^ q:5.l_i5l oor, from g=^ (vj (5^ 
 05^ A9 S/j post part. ■* ^ ua (5^ 5^ 67 a^P ^ ^ (Smjr i_3 g- ^3) g">
 
 217 
 
 suh. conip. of 54, Lb (B*, t'eit. togh. from >^ (^, e? a^P, vett. and 
 w 6m- Lz3 ©■ CUP S"? from ef 6ott Ln ld, si/?^. flcc. gov. by the 
 vin. 67 6ii cTX? Ui Q u^ ^ <5cyor (5^. ^ eij cri^ ^ Qu^ rr (su^ f^, 
 com p. of vhi. ^6li<5is, from e^-^ii^^E^^ivpsi^', and GE^rrsmn-S^, 
 see VIII. 9, i. c.w. r^/T Lu. ^seeXI. 14. ''^/v^/vp^ov, 
 see XI. 15. ^r^f3^, from rg* rg s^ ^ /v? ^, ri//. i. c. w. 
 rB/TLu. ^ G LJ rr (22) er llS" o^, s///^*". /. ^/6/. (A. G. Note to 
 Page 117) of (2L_jrr(22)^, vcj-hal in ^, from Qtjrr^/y^^, 
 as a 1'. in regimen with rg rr lLi, the in. l_i doubled, A. G. 
 S. 21, the fin. ov) changed to /v:, A. G. S. 36. ^^ k- l_' 
 La n- 65", from ^ lj(5^, sub. rendered adverbial by the i/t/in. 
 ^ ^, iV. G. P. 3 of S. 97. ^^ ^m/> tiojn. to E5- rr 'LQ. (:K5r ^y. 
 ^^ Go-vjCc^cTp, rt<:/;. comp. of Gc5^-JA3/, and ejc^. ^^Lon-LD 
 e=5" gy <5W (5^, 5/^/^. comp. of LDn-LD9=LD, and ^(5(W(5^, 
 nom. for gcc. gov. by 07 n- -lq. c^ur gy. ^^ ^ d^icr c5toP rf^ (2 C5v, 
 see XI. 22. ^^ ^ n- -lu (5c5r ^, from k- n- Lb (5^ ^ a9 ^', 
 t». pfl.s^. 3rJ pers. ncut. agreeing with ^m^. ^^'^ld, con- 
 tracted form of ^ (^ LD, V. fid. 3rd pers. neut. here used 
 expletively. 
 
 XVII. 
 
 **With respect to" the dog/ from its appearing,^ that'' what 
 he saw^ was/ without^ any' deceit/ the larger ;" having quitted^" 
 the piece" which he had snapped up/° when he dived*''* ^^to snap 
 at^* the larger one," both that and tliis*^ disappeared,*^ and"" 
 the dog*^ went"^ home" empty:""* (thus) he spoke. "^ 
 
 ^ r^ rr lu, sub. sing. nom. to the part. 24 u^ <1^ r^ g^(5<3r, 
 which, with the following sub. Qlj^^', has the force 
 of a vej-b. ~ Qj Q o\j a^ ^ &\^, comp. of the particle 
 <S, and the couj. mood 6v d^ r^ 0^, from 6r ^^ ^e^', 
 
 2 F
 
 218 
 
 A. G. P. 3 of S. 142. ^65(yj, see I. 3. ** er lj ©, siih, 
 sing. nom. gov. by the jjostposition @ o\d o\d rr ld a\D, A. G. 
 P. 3 of S. 102. ^ @ a\? av) rr LD 0^5, from defect, v. ©o\d, 
 iieg. vin. used as a post position, the fin. oo changed to ^, 
 A. G. S. 36. *" EH" <5cfer La ^, see VI. 7? past verbal pagh. 
 iiom. to the t'ineik. Q, lj rr"j^ ^. "^ Qu rfuu^, from 
 Qljc^^^ld, a. G. S. 125 and 126, in its verbal capacity 
 gov. by 07 (5OTr Lz: gy. ^6ra^/vy, see I. 2. ^C^rra^up 
 (5^ g^ cS^ G ov, /. abl. (A. G. P. 2 of S. 1 17) of Q^ rrabr 
 a:P a^ mJi pf^^^ verbal pagh. from Q ^ rr dbr jyy ^ ao S/> 
 here used impersonally. ^^ e? (^ crxs uS (^^ 13 ^, from 
 K-6ii<y:L£, see XVI. 5, and ©(^5 r^ g-, ^;«sf /M?'f. of 
 the sub. v.; comp. part. i. c. w. ^etferLaS'^IS)©'- ^* ^dTfer 
 L3 s" ^2) S"> from S7 (5:fcr La ld, 5?/Z>. 5/??,^'. ace. ^" <tl2 Lb (p, 
 from 6^L£(^^^mJ> '^i^^' i- c. w. r5 rr lU. ^^ G i— i ^lu 02) S"* 
 from G'— "^Lu^, see XVII. 7, «cc. gov. by ^(^iio^j, 
 the in. i_i doubled, A. G. S. 19. ^^s-^ou, see XVI. 5, 
 injin. gov. by 24 u5^ yii rs ^o^ Gi-J^S7> ^^le in. ^ doubled, 
 A. G. S. 20. ^'^ 24 u5^ L^ CD ^(5^, from 24 ucJ^ Lp rg ej/ 
 ^^S/j past part, as a t;. agreeing with the s?/Z^. rgrr lu, 
 as an or//, i. c. w. G t-J '^ S/« ^^G lj n- ^, s?/Z>. ?Jo;??. 
 put for /. abl. used with the part. 24 uy yi 05 g^our, to 
 denote time; it is more usually employed with xhQ pres, 
 or f tit. part, in this sense, A. G. P. 1 of S. 152. ^"^ ^^ 
 S14 L£y> gsy (5u LDj r. and p. de?n. proti. sing, jieid. united by the 
 
 conj. 2 LD, repeated. ^'^ G i— J n- llS /vp aq/, contracted for 
 
 Q LJ rr us our ^, A. G. P. 4 of S. 66, from QLjrr^^^, 
 V. past. Srd pers. ncut. agreeing with the jiron. ^^5i\\j5^ 
 ^6iALD. ^^rBH-Lu, sec XVI. 2, nom. to G f^ obr /v) g;,'.
 
 219 
 
 *° 2— LD, cop. conj. ^^ Q a\j a^/ ld (j, our, adv. ^^ slow rP cro, 
 from 2^vr &, sub. sing. I. ahl. the fin. ov) changed to /vp, 
 A. G. S. S6. ^^ G f^ O^ A9 317, from G ^ cro q^ ^ aq gy,, 
 X?. past. 3rd pers. neut. ^'* (5r obr ^ otyr, see VI. 41. 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 Whilst discoursing'^ thus/ they saw^ a* horseman' come'' 
 from the other side.^ 
 
 ^ @ LU L_i L-Q., adv. A. G. P. 4 of S. 153. ^ G lj f^ ^ 
 G 0> rr dtKJT I 9 ^ Ui G^ m uS cjVj, x^. comp. of vin. G !— i ^, 
 from Gi-JSr^A^sy» ^^^'^ G^'/Tgrforip, see VIII. 9, and 
 @ O 55- 22) 05- llS (7^5, /. 6fW. of ©(^^^2)^, vcvbal in ^, 
 from @ 0:9 ^ e^ A9 ^. ^a4^^(T2)a-LiSaNS(y:pr5 ^, /. rtZ//. 
 from 211 s" ^ 0^ cr, for aq /^ g- ^ 57 02) ^* and vin. @ c^ rj} ^, 
 from @ e5 ^ (^ A9 ^ ; a phrase^ denoting '* motus a loco/' 
 A. G. P. 2 of S. 49. * 630:5, see I. 3. . ^©g^a^^o-^ 
 ^ rr rr sa^tt, from (ij^22)/X55'65Tro~ obr, Jer/i;. 5i/^. from 
 ©^22)^> A. G. S. 121, Gcc. gov. by the t;. ej 5cfcr L^ rr d" 
 es'oVT. *'a\jcr, from cyu (^J ^ ^Y? s^, i/?^/?. placed abso- 
 lutely. '^ e5r defer Ln rr d^ kt csVt, see VI. 7, f . past. 3rd pers:» 
 pi. the in. ^ doubled, A. G. S. 22. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 As^ only* one* span' water' came'' running^ in the river/ he^' 
 remaining'* on*'' the horse/ without fearing*^ in the least/^ came'^ 
 hastening/^ making the noise jala-jala.** 
 
 ^ 53 cc^, see I. 3. ^ e= n- (srfer, sub. vett. i. c. w, g- <5mrr 
 6tRjf° /r. ^5- dm- 6nuf rr, see XI. 22, nom. to the verbal 
 
 pagh. (y\^crj^/Y)^,sv)o\D. * Lorrg- gf^a-LD, g^x^- ^^:iv^ 
 
 2r 2
 
 220 
 
 /vT (2 C5v>, see XVI. 7. ^ <^ i—ijL, from es (P ^ A9 s/> 7;//?. 
 i. c. w. s-6tfcr6TOp/f'. '^(yu(r5^A9GrcS2)a\5, see XVIII. 6, 
 verbal pagh. c. abl. A. G. P. 2 of S. 117, as a r. agreeing 
 with the sub. ^ &m6^s^ &. ^2i|a\-i(?br, see XI. 1, noni. to 
 a\j r^ g-rr(5br. ^©g^^2)^, sz/^. re^/. gov. by the post- 
 position Qi£)G^. ^^GldoV!), postposition, A. G. P. 2 of 
 S. 147, the fin. ov) and the in. rg of the following word 
 coalesce, to form (jbr, A. G. S. 35. "oS^abr/vj/, from 
 rg^C5V)cs^ ^ A9 gy, t?/;L i. c. w. fajavjobr. ^^ e= /v;) a^/ ld, see 
 XII. 15. ^'^ 5?L_ GP n- LD o\3, from dh-^^ ao sJ-t neg. vin. 
 also i. c. w. 24a\j(5tTr, the fin. ov) changed to ^, A. G. 
 S. 36. ^^ GP ovi f5P a\5 G a\J(5br AQ/, a natural, indeclinable word, 
 coupled with the connectite vin. (srcjbr a^/, A. G. Note to 
 Page 85. ^^ ^ ® ^y from e? 6^ ^ aq ^, t?m. i. c. w. 
 2Li(yu(5br. ^^ cju r^ g- rr obr, see XVIII. 6, v, past. 3rd 
 pers. siiig. masc. 
 
 XX. 
 
 Perceiving^ this/ they' began'^® to intreat,^ saying/^ ** Alack! 
 alack !* if there were^ a horse^ to our^ Gooroo^ also/ both^^ he/^ 
 and'^ we^* approaching" him^^ (i. e. with him), might descend^^ 
 into the river^^ without^^ fear /^ Sir/^ you must/* by whatever 
 means/'' buy"^ a^^ horse.^^ 
 
 ^ @ 03) 5", from @ ^, p. dem. pron. sing. neut. ace, 
 '' ^ 6cfer Q'i see VI. 7, i. c. w. @ a\-) ^ w o\rr, the in. er 
 doubled, A. G. S. 20. ^ @ ovj o" k- ovt, see III. 1, nom. 
 
 to the V. ^ (5\j ^ ^ cg^ ^x ro o\rr. *^a3)Lu Glu^-, i7?^e37. 
 
 ■" OT-rk; 6i> CSvT, SCe VI. 22. pi. VCtt. togh. ^ ©QfJ ^ ^ o^o ^(&> 
 
 see I. 4, /?/. /i07?. for sm^. dat. "^ 2 lo, see IX. 4.
 
 221 
 
 ^ <^^2^Ty see XIX. 9, sing, nom. before the conj. mood 
 @^ r^^ rr o\5. ^ @ C3 ^5 g- rr o\3, from @ e^ ^ ^ aq g^/, 
 co/i/. moody A. G. S. 91- ^"sLicrud^, see XI. 1, ?iow. to the 
 
 verbal @ /vp ^ k^ ovi n- lo. ^^ 2 ld, cop. cozy. ^^ sli <yuci2) o", 
 
 see XI. 1, ace. hon. gov. by the vin. s^drorL-x^. ^^ 2j(5trorL_Q., 
 from 2L| 6OTr (5^ e?^ aq g^/, I'i/J. i. c. w. r^ nr nv e^ oVr. ^'* rg rr rK/ 
 eJOvT, see VI. 22, p/. nom. coupled with sLicrud^, by the 
 
 C071J. 2 LD repeated. ^^ 2 ld, cop. conj. ^'^ lj lu ld, sub. 
 
 sing. nom. gov. by @ oo ov) /r ld a\3. ^'^ @ cro cjv) rr ld ao, 
 see XVII. o. ^^ 54 /v? a^p crv?, see XVI. 7. ^^©aqovk- 
 avi rr G LD, see XI. I6, verbal in ov) coupled with the 
 ?iew/. //^^ ^(Sld, from^^/v^^, A. G. P. 1 of S. 119, 
 the particle er is added for the sake of emphasis, A. G. 
 P. 1 of S. 144. ^''^ 5r lj L_i L_gL LU n- ^ Q^ LD, comp. of 
 the aclv. of interrog. 6r lj i_i l_q., and the conj. form of the 
 
 t?. ?i 0?^ A9 gy, coupled with the conj. 2 ld, having an 
 
 indefinitely disjunctive signification, A. G. P. 5 of S. 104. 
 ^^6b^» see i. S. ^^^^a2)^-i XIX. 9, "iiom. for «cc. 
 *^ cyu n- rF:/ ^, from cru rr rp^ 05^ /v? ^, i/j;^/i. gov. by 
 G<5\-ic2MyLD. ^* G(yuOT3i/LD, from the defect, v. Ga\-i 5:^(5^, 
 impers. fut. 3rd pers. neut. A. G. S. 78. ~^^Lun-, from 
 ^Lu obr, 5?/^. sing. voc. ^^ (Srcjbr/vj/, see I. 2. ^^ LDobrc^i^, 
 from LD(5brcA9(5'^/y:)Sy, z^A^- ^^ gy a\j ^ 0?* c52> ':r 5> oVr, 
 see XIV. 5, 3rd pers. pi. gov. by @o\j cr er c3n/t. 
 
 XXI. 
 
 The Gooroo Paramrirtan/ however," saying ^ ** We will speak^ 
 of this' matter^ hereafter,"^ on account of the approach^^ of the
 
 222 
 
 eventide/"^ the day^ having declined,^ sent^*' agaiii^"^ to examine^^ 
 the river's^^ sleep." 
 
 ^LJO-LDn-/V9^^(r^, suh. comp. of LJ ^r LD rr /Vp g- (5OT, 
 see I. 1, and (grc^, see 1.4, nom. to ^^^CiiS s^o-. 
 ' ^ ^2) c7\?> from ^^ AQ SJi conjimctke mood, used as a 
 disjundke conj. ^©0)5", see IV. 1. ^G^lI-i^j see 
 XIV. 4. ^ G LJD 2/m!) ^ ©, from Qido^d, sub. smg. dat. 
 A. G. P. 4 of S. 47. ^ G i-J Bfr G o^-J ^ ld? see XVIII. 2, 
 V. flit. 1st pers. pi. '^erGbr/v^/, see I. 2. ^GLjn-Qi'^, 
 5i/6. /?o;/?. ^ e= n- Lu rg ^, from e= rr lu ^ aq ^'j vin. of the 
 pas^, used absolutely with the sub. Q l_j rr(^^, for rm. of 
 the pre s. or injiu. ^^ 24 sad ^ ld rr c5^ G C5 ^ ld^. 5^^^. comp. 
 of sLi SyAD s? LD n- o^ LD, and Qr^rr ^Jq, ?zow. to the verbid 
 pagh. ^•uQ.t^ur^.ssJGav, the fm. ld changed to rK/, A. G. 
 S. 31. " ^ M_CL C5OT g^ c52) G CJV), c. ffZ^/. of ^'\_Q.aTyr^, 
 past Jieut. verbal pagh. from ^ih&^^o^', governed, in 
 its verbal capacity, by ^^^\jDn-aurQr3 0-L£). ^^^q:^ ldl_', 
 see III. 10, hifin. used adverbially. ^^^ik)in/y from 
 ^/vy, see IV. 12. ^* rg^ 5- ^ asp o", see IV. 13. ^^gg^h- 
 ^^^i see IV. 14. ^^ aj 02^ lU i_? ,52) ^, from aj 52y lIi i_j 
 ^ A9 s>', ^'- p«s^ 3rc? _per5. s//?^-. hon. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 So^ when*'' Madeiyan/ carrying along^ that" very^ firebrand/ 
 (and) plunging it^ in/ examined / perceiving*^ that it did not 
 spirt up*^ in the least/* because*^ the fire*- had been*^ before" 
 extinguished/^ greatly rejoicing*^ and running/'' he exclaimed,^ 
 "An opportunity! an opportunity!*^ without opening-* the
 
 223 
 
 mouth^° and without uttering a sound,'- come"' quickly:^" a 
 sound^^ sleeping time"^^ hath arrived-^ to the river r^ there is no" 
 necessity^* now/^ either^^ to fear^° or^^ to be alarmed. "^'^ 
 
 ^ 214LJ ' M 9 (g 1 1 I, adv. A. G. P. 4 of S. 1.5.3, the particle 
 6r added, A. G. P. 1 of S. 144. '^ ^ 13 ^, r. pron. adj. 
 ^ Q u^ rr oVt a\rt^ Ui u^ L^ 0^ Ln ^^ LU, sec V. 9- *g7n-(2(5nr, 
 an anphatic ciffLr, the in. ^ doubled, A. G. S. 20. ^ ld 
 22) Ln Lu OT, see II. 5, 720;^. to 6r abr ^ ckjt. ^ Qu^ n- 6m- 
 
 (5^ C LJ rr Lu, see V. 10. '^2 ovrQa^T, sub. used ad- 
 
 rerhialhj, A. G. P. 3 of S. 148. ^ G 07 n- lLj g- ^, see 
 V. 18, vin. i. c. w. ld (22) 1^ lu obr. ^ Gf5=rr ^^(^ld, see 
 IV. 14, part. fut. i. c. w. ©L^gr^cjo, the in. ^ doubled, 
 A. G. S. 19. ^"©L^^^Gov, see XII. 4. ^^ (^ ^, adv. 
 *^ ^, see V. 5, nom. to the fe/'Z^o/ p^o//. 2^c7:LSr5 ^^^g^^^ov, 
 the in. ^ changed to aq, A. G. S. S3. '^^ ^,yx£r3 ^ ^^^ 
 GOV), c. gZ>/. of the past verbal pagh. ^cnSr3^ ^'^ from 
 2L| (5:lS ^ /v? sy- ^"^ e= Ab AQ/ LO, see XII. 15. ^^er^Gva-Lb 
 i_i rr g- 02) ^, f/cc. 5?/?^'. of ^ o\n- ld L_i rr ^ ^^ from e^ 
 OVT LO L_i f^ A9 ^, 7?e«-. verbal pa gh. A. G. S. 113, gov. by 
 ^ 6tycr (5^. ^^u^6(m®, see VI. 7, i. c. w. ld 02? La lu (5br. 
 ^^ ^ GVt^ s?j_ d^ rg ^y, from ^ o\rr a^^ ^ ^ ^ ^', vin. i. c. av. 
 
 LD 22) i-=] Lu OT. ^^ esi Q-? see VI. 13, i. c. av. ld 02) Ln lu c5br. 
 
 ^^e=a2)Li5LU'^e=a2)i-£5Lu ld, reiterative comp. of excla- 
 mation, the in. ??= doubled, A. G. S. 21. ^^(yun-Lu, 67//a 
 7i07?L for ace. gov. by cTi_s l^ rr ^ . ^* cy^s '-a rr ^, see 
 IV. 15, neg. vin. i. c. w. rg* riv er ovr, understood. ■'^(5=gr 
 g- LJ LJ L^ n- ^, from ^■^^CjljQ'^n:) gy, comp. of 
 e= 5- gr LO, and i_j ©» ^ aq ^, ;?f o'. vin. i. c. w. .-^ nv e? ovt, 
 understood. ^^ 5? a^/ ^ ^ rr lu, from 5?/v>'^(^, 5//Z;. ren-
 
 224 
 
 dered adverbial by the vin, ^ lu, see XII. 11. ^^ <tlj it (^ r^ 
 G^n-oVr, see XVIII. 6, imp. 2nd pen. pi. A. G. P. 1 
 of S. 68. ~^^/vpA3/^©, see XV. 2. '^/:5 0^^av^ adj. 
 ^''C^^S'^LuGrB^LD, sub. comp. of G f^ n- g- ^ lu ld, 
 and G'^B'^i-b, ?^ow. to i^^LiS/vpA^. ^^^llS^/v^/, from 
 ^ ^ A9 857, V. past. Srd pers. sitig. neut. '^ @l1j G l_i n- ^ gy, 
 (7^1". ^^ aj -^ p=, from ^ '^ 5? ^ a9 s/» ^- injin. gov. by the 
 
 .«<&. Q g-22)(5vj. ^^ 2 LD, CO/?. CO??/, the fin. Cd changed to 
 
 rpc, A. G. S. 31. ^* 5^h_f?=, XIX. 13, injin, coupled, by the 
 
 conj. 2 LD repeated, with the hifin. 24 '^ e=. ^"' 2 ld, 
 
 cop. conj. ^ Q,^ a^G\-Ji sub. si7ig. nom. i. c. w. defect, v. 
 @ av) 2ytro. ^''@ao2/m!), defect, v. A. G. S. 80. ^^srobr 
 ^69abr, see VI. 41. 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 Madeiyan" shouting forth'*' ^ this^ good news," the whole six,^- 
 having-® alP quickly^ arisen,^ without" saying'° kima,^ carefully^^ 
 descended^^ into the river.^^ 
 
 ^ @ C5 3") see IV. 1 . ^ 05 ctrr 02) LO 02) u_i, from r^ (jt^r 02) LDj 
 sub. sing. ace. gov. by G sp rr o\5 onS. ^ ld 02) La lu c5tjr, see 
 XXII. 5, placed absolutely, with the infin. Gh^ lj lS" Lr:. 
 
 * G 3= ^ <7b OnS, VIII. 9, tW. i. C. AV. LD 02) La LU OtJT. ^ 5?j_ LL' 
 
 i_?LrD, from 5^l1jl_?(5^^ A9 s:', t;. i/?^??. absolute, the in. 55" 
 doubled, A. G. S. 21. ^ 5r a\j cr\5 n- (v;^ ld, deriv. noun, 
 A. G. Note in Page 29, p/. nom. to @ A9 ^ 0?^ .^2) ^ ^ ovt, 
 the fin LD changed to 03, A. G. S. 31. '^ ^ l£_ G ^ c5br /vj/, 
 natural ziord, with the connective vin. ^tot aq/, see XIX. 14. 
 ^ 5r(^r5S/> from(5rO?^A9^, X7;?. i. c. w. 6rc5V)av)rr(^LD. 
 ^ ^ LD n-, natural word. ^^ <5r abr '_i n- d", from 5r ot ^ aq ^',
 
 225 
 
 neut. verbal pogh. A. G. S. 113, 7nasc. pL nom. in appo- 
 sition with 5raV3C5V)rre5 LD. " ©ota^p, from the c/e/ed. t;. 
 @<jV5, t;i?2. here used as a particle of negation. ^^2L|/v> 
 oyjqCd ld, see III. 2, nom. p/. in apposition with ^raoovin- 
 (Tp Lo. ^^ i—J S" i^JV) LD^ e5r, from sub. l_j g- a\5 ld, with i?/^'/;. 
 ^^, see II. 8. ^^^^/vpov), XL 15. ^^©/^nv^.o^'f- 
 ^ ovT, see XI. 16, i^, p«s^. Srd pers. pi. 
 
 XXIV. 
 
 At each" footstep^- — which was placed'*' in such a manner, 
 that^ even* the waves^ which were beaten up" by the feet' gave 
 forth no^ sound/ as it were^ jala-jala^ — having taken'^ and Hfted'^ 
 (their) legs' ^ over'^ the water/* and having planted'^ and pressed 
 them down"" beyond/*^ with hearts beating/^' "^ as it were 
 toonookoo,"^ tripping along/* they passed-*^ the river/^ 
 
 * ^ /T ov) rr (?^, from u; rr ov), sub. sing, for pi. i. abl. 
 ^ 2L| L_J5. i_j i_, from si| i_^ LJ (5^ ^ A9 ^, past part, nominal 
 comp.v. A. G. S. 107. ^ a^s/mDeroVr, from ^ 2/w, sub. nom, pi. 
 to the part. @ u n- g-. * ^ g- ov) rr lu, sub. ^^ g- o^, with 
 ^Lu, see XII. 11. ^9=(3V)e=av), see XIX. 14, the in. 9= 
 doubled, A. G. S. 21. ^ sr cjbr ^^y ld, from srd^^Ao^, 
 part. fid. i. c. w. e= BT g- ld, the fin. ld changed to <^, A. G. 
 S. 31. ^F=s-s-LD, sw6. sing. nom. for occ. gov. hy @\^rT^. 
 * @ u rr g-, from @(5^ f^ aq ^, /zeo-. part. i. c. w. l_' i_q. ^ @r, 
 as a V. gov. by the si/Z>. aj 2/o\d e? o\n". ^ l_i i q ^ ©", 
 from LJ 1 o , sz/6. sm^-. Ja^. expressive of the end, A. G. 
 P. 2 of S. 153. ^^ 02) a\-i 5" S", from os) a\_j ^ ^ aq ^, p«s^ 
 par^ i. c. w. sL|'__gL^(g. ^^djsLiGcs^-i^Q:^? ddj. 6h^ re- 
 peated in a distributive sense, A. G. S. 135. ^^ 24_Q.^(g-, 
 
 2 G
 
 226 
 
 from 241 Q., sub. si?ig. dat. ^^ er n- a/jro, see XXIV. 1, ace. 
 
 gov. by 5r 6^ g- sv* the in. ^ doubled, A. G. S. I9. 
 ^* ^ drfer 6ty?Tf^ rr, see XI. 22, nom, gov. by \hQ postposition, 
 QiDo^, the in. g- doubled, A. G. S. 20. ^^(2l£)ov>, po5^- 
 position, A. G. S. 147. ^^ <5r ©^ g- g^s from 6r 6^ 65" ^ /v^ ^, 
 rm. i. c. w. aj (Tu o" 07 ovT, understood. ^'^ g^/r b" ^, from 
 S/r^^i\9^, i^?/2. i. c. w. a^cjvjo- 0>ONrr, understood, the 
 in. s" doubled, A. G. S. 19- ^^ aj lj i_j n- oo, a^/i'. A. G. 
 S. 154, the fin. ov) is changed to /^, A. G. S. 36. 
 ^^ Q LJ & ^ ^, from (2 u /^ ^ ^ A9 ^, t>2W. i. c. w. 
 2JCTLJ 'TT K-QVT-, understood. ^^ ^jsvto^a^, from 2.nvra^£xy 
 ^^om/j ^^''- i-c. w. 2j (5\j ^ e? ontt, understood. ^^ ^a^Ui 
 Qu^(5^, the natural word ^^uy^^ used adverbially, with the 
 z;^;?. 5r(5OT, A. G. S. 99- ^^GcB'^^ld, 5^/6. sing. nom. 
 placed absolutely, with the injin. l_i ^2) 5" ^ ^- ^^ ^' 02) S" ^ ^9 
 from LJ 02) 5" ^ ^ A9 ^', t;. 27?^w. placed absolutely with 
 the sub. G ^5 '^ ^ LD. ^* 5" n- 6?Jcr 1 9 g" grr 6^ \ 9 , from 
 g- rr 6OTr ©^ ^ AQ ^, t;m. repeated i. c. w. aj <5\_j & m csVr, 
 understood, the in. ^ doubled, A. G. S. 22. ^^ rs g^a2)Lu, 
 see IV. 2, ace. ^^ er Ln .'5 s> G i— i 'T" cg^ ^ ^ Ovn-j t). comp. 
 of tin. ^ L=) rg ^, from ^ ltj b" ^ aq ^, and (2 lj nr ,5^ ff- 
 65- oVt, from G L_' /T ^ A9 ^, j^fls^. 3rf/ j^en. |?/. agreeing 
 with 2l< (3YJ a- 05- o^rr, understood, the in, ^ doubled, 
 A. G. S. 20. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 As soon as they mounted,' on reaching (or, having reached)' 
 the bank,^ whilst^ they were jumping about^ rejoicing'^ in pro- 
 portion^ to the sorrow^ suffered,* he named^^ Moodan,^^ who
 
 227 
 
 stood" in the rear/° without including'^ himself/* counted^' 
 the others.^" 
 
 ^BiO^cr, see 111.20, 7W7n. for ace. ^ Q^a^jr/n/, see 
 III. 21, vin. i. c.w. 2Ja\jcr^0Nrr, understood, ^sr/vpovjr 
 6HL3Q<5^, comp. of 6r A^(5Tjr, past part, from 6r^^^/v^^, 
 
 and 2_i_=iG(5^5see VI. 1 and 2. *l— 'm , from Lj(5^e?^A9^, 
 
 past part. ^0='^9=ov)5-^^@, from 0= <^ gpov) ld, sw6. smg. 
 rfa^ gov. by the postposition 2^ ovr cyu n- ^. ^ slj ontt a\j rr ^, 
 s?/6. sg ovTfiij, with iiifiji. ^ ^, A. G. P. 3 of S. 151. "^ ld 
 ^ L^A C5 sy» from u) ^ yi ^ A9 ^, i^m. i. c. w. 224 (ju -x 
 bs-oVt, understood. ^ syoVTo\rf^eFG^n-6tJorL_Q.(r5^f5?^^, 
 par^. comp. of vin. ^ qVt ovf^, from gy ovt 0:^3 ^ ao ^, 
 vm. G^'^^^CB'j ^^id the pres. part, of the sub. v. i. c. w. 
 Q LJ rr ^. ^ G L_i rr ^, see XVII. I6, A. G. P. 1 
 of S. 152. ^^ iS r5 ^, from i_? rg ^ ^ aq ^, vin. 
 i. c. w. (^° La GtJT. ^^ rg^ (5br A9, from rg^ /^ ^ /io ^, pas^ 
 par^. ^^ o* lj Cfbr, see II. 5, noin. to <5r 6tfer 6rR5f .^^ obr. 
 ^^ ffr (5t7r LJ OYJ (5br, see VI. 9- ^* s- ot awryr, see XI. 8, 
 ace. the in. g- changed to aq, A. G. S.33. ^^ 0n_ lia i_=i n- 
 LDOV), from 9fi_ Li S' ^ A9 6^, ?2eg-. I'm. i. c. w. o^La^br, 
 the in. u> doubled, A. G. S. 20, the fin. oo might have 
 been changed to dbr, A. G. S. 37- ^^ ld ^ aq (3\-) o~ Efi ^/^svr, 
 from LD :^ ^ ovj (5br, derivative from the a J;, ld ^ a^, pi. 
 aee. ^^ 6r 6m- srof^ .SS) J5br, from er 6m- (5umj ^ aq ^, f. past. 
 3rd pers. sing. mase. agreeing with (Cp^ l=j ot. 
 
 2 G 2
 
 228 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 From perceiving/ as he counted/ only' five persons," he 
 gave^" a cry/^ saying/^ ** Alas ! alas !^ one person^ is gone^ with 
 the stream ;' behold/ we remain" only^" five^° persons," Sir."^* 
 
 ^ 5r <5OTT 6rraf^ (5ur 6^lS 1=2 ^ ^ o\?, see XII. 3 and 4. 
 '^(yua-, see II. 7, ?JO»z. for gcc. gov. by k- 6OTr lt: g^ .5^ 
 Gov. ^ LD n- g- g^ cr Lb, sub. used adverbially, A. G. P. 2 
 of S. 151, the fin. ld changed to nv, A. G. S. 31. 
 ^ ^ 6dm i^^^ S3<^> c. abl. of 05"6OTrLn^, see XVII. 6, 
 as a t;. gov. by c^ La c5br, understood. ^ 24 lj lj Ln rr 
 o^j LJ L_' La rr, interj. repeated. ^ 63 e? o^ obr, 711071. deriv. 
 A. G. P. 1 of S. 136, ?2o;?2. io Q lj n- ^^ Qcyur. '^ ^6d 
 CcA^GLa, see IV. 12, mb. s. abl. ^ Q lj rr ,g^ Q our 
 from Q L-i rr ^ Ao ^, 'O. past. Srd pers. sing. masc. the 
 particle 6r emphatic. ^©GS"^* i7iterj, ^°^rB^, 7iU7n. 
 adj. ^^ G L_j cr, sub. sing. 7i07n. in apposition with 
 rg /T LD, understood. ^^ ld n- ^ g^ cr ld, see XXVI. 
 3, the final ld might have been dropped, according 
 to A. G. S. 32. '^r^-' /v? ^Gc^ LD, XXV. 11, v. 
 pres. 1st pers. pi. agreeing with rg rr ld. understood. 
 ^*^Lurr, see XX. 25. ^^erobrAQ/, see II. 1. ^^24l_j 
 
 Lu LD, sub. 7iom. for ace. gov. by @m rrobr. ^'^ @i rrc^br, 
 
 from @ ©^ ^ A9 gy, x". /?os^ 3r^ pers. si7ig. 7nasc. 
 
 ? 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 Having placed^ them alP in order,^ the Gooroo^ himself,^ on 
 examining" the account'" two* times,^ (or) three^ times,' since he'' 
 always'^ added"' the account,'^ omitting'* himself,'^ pronounced,'" 
 *' We remain but'^ five persons."'^
 
 229 
 
 ^5rcK!)C5\5/vQ2)^u_jLD, scc XXIII. 6, (ICC gov. by 
 r^A^S"^. ^ ovj d^ 02) ^ LU n- lJu, sub. (5\_irf=^52)e=, with i'//i. 
 ^Lu, see XII. IJ. ^rg^ AQ/gr ^, see XI. 32, i. c. w. ©q^. 
 *@q:^, ni(77i. adj. A. G. P. 3 of S. 134. ^(^"03)^5 sub. 
 sing, for p/. wo/w. implying time. ^ (^^j 72W/72. adj. A. G. 
 P. 4 of S. 134. ''cp"(22)A0, see XXVII. 5. ^^o, see 
 1.4, ??owi. to OT"(5brc^ '^. ^ ^ IT Q(yur, see XI. 8, ?iO}Ji. in 
 apposition with the sub, (grc:?- ^°^5OTr^(^, sub. siiig. 
 nom. for ace. " l-' n- o" ^ ^, from lj rr 'j- ^ (^ aq ^, injin. 
 or t;m. of the|?re5. here used for vin. of the past, i. c. w. 
 (^(^. the in. l_j doubled, A. G. S. 19. ^^ 5r lj G lj rr ^ Lb, 
 fl^it;. A. G. P. 2 of S. 152, also P. 6 of S. 140, the fin. 
 Lo is changed to rg, A. G. S. 31. ^^ ^(5br2/37rr, see XXV. 
 14. ^*rg»^^, from rg^^^/v^sy, t;m. i. c. w. (^(v^. 
 ^^ 65- 65cr ^ (g, see XXVII. 10, wo?w. for ace. in. e, doubled, 
 A. G. S. 21. ^^ 6r 4? a:P (5w, from 6r ^ /^y ^ aq sj^ P^^st 
 part. i. c. w. lj l_q. ll? .S) crb- ^'^ i_j '-_ql li5 c5^ crV?, from 
 L_' i—Q., sw6. sing. c. abl. A. G. P. 3 of S. 153. ^^ ^cyu d^, 
 see XXVI. 2, p/. nom. in apposition with r^ rr ld, under- 
 stood. ^^ LD n- g- g^ a- LD rg" i^ ^ G c^ LD, see XXVI. 12 
 and 13. ^^ crd^^rf, see VI. 41, lion. 
 
 XXVIII. 
 
 Thus,^ as^ each^ leaving out* (and) omitting^ himself,^ added 
 together^ only^ the others,^ that^* the river^'' had swallowed'^ 
 one,^ became^^ a certainty'* among" them.'- 
 
 ^ 2l| lLi LJ L-p., adv. A. G. P. 4 of S. 153. ^2ja\-JC5nr 
 (5\_i(5br, see VIII. 8. ^g-obrs/siyr, see XXV. 14. "^ aiS{^@, 
 see IV. 'io, i. c. w. sli a\j cyor avjcjbr. ^ 53 yS^rg g;/, from
 
 230 
 
 6 
 
 (^ yr 05^ A9 s:/j vin. i. c. w. 24 o\j (jnr a\j (5br. sq (5\_j & 
 f^sj^jvr, see XIII. 13, occ. gov. by 6?^'uo.(5T3r g=^ .53) G cJv^. 
 "^ LD n- ^ ^ rr Lo, see XXVI. 3. ^0^M_a <5^ ^.S2>G^3V), 
 f . abl. of 5n_ 'LQ- (5^ S^'j l^f^st Verbal pagh. neut. from 0n_ lia 
 (B^ c^ A9 s-'? ^s a V. gov. by sli (3\j onr oyj (5ur. ^ (5[s e^ S" 
 §7 2/t5Trr, from 65 (T? 5" s^ ot, nwiu deriv, A. G. P. 1 of S. 136, 
 ace. gov. by <sx2 <^ n^ ^ (5^ mJ • ^^^/n^, see IV. 12, 
 7?om. ^^ c?:!^ or rR/ ^ c5T3r ^, see XIII. 8, fast neut. verbal 
 pagh. as a i^. agreeing with ^/^, as a f/oww, nom. subject 
 to the sub. V. ^visr^mf- ^^ §■ /1^ k" OtO ef ^, see XI. 28, 
 dat. gov. by the postposition, 2_ oVr G ovt. *^ 2_ oVt (S o^rr, 
 postposition, A. G. P. 2 of S. 148. ^'^ rg^ #= e= lu ld, snb. 
 nom. attribute to the sub. v. ^u^^/vy. ^^ ^iiS ^/vy, 
 see XXII. 28. 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 Upon this^ bewaiUng/ as it were koo-koo,^ (and) weeping,^^ 
 
 as it were gho,^ among^ themselves/ one^ embracing'^ another/" 
 
 they- exclaimed/^ "O crueP^ river /^ more obdurate^^ than a 
 
 block/^ more fierce^^ than a tiger /^ wretch/^ hast thou not 
 
 feared,"^ even a little/^ to swallow-^ the disciple"^ of the Gooroo 
 
 Paramartan,-* who is saluted/^ respected,"" worshipped"^ and 
 
 praised"' "^ from the beginning to the end of the world ? ^^ Is 
 
 there^' such a^^ mighty^- heart^^ to you/*^ son^^ of a black" 
 
 block/^ offspring'^ of a cruePUiger?^^ Shalt thou'*^ exist*- in a 
 
 future world ;*^ hereafter"^^ shalt thou roll along'*^''*^ cooP* water?** 
 
 May thy*^ source*^ be totally^*' dried up"'' and scorched !^- may 
 
 the glare^ dart^^ upon the sand^^ of thy bed!^^'^* may fire^ 
 
 devour'" thy*^ waves I*' may thy^" meadows^^ be parched^* and 
 
 withered !" may thy^^ depths^*^ be filled'''^ with thorns !^« Here-
 
 231 
 
 after,'" without'* moisture/' without'* coohiess," without'^ a 
 vestige" of the place'^ where thou didst exist,'^ mayest thou 
 be consumed away."'^' ^" 
 
 * ^S^es-©, see VII. 1, ^ajcrud^ ^osrr, see XIII. 13, 
 nom, io srdrjT^ & uiG^TT. ^ dn^ dh- QoYJobr/vy, 3, natural 
 word f With, sr abr ^n^, see XIX. 14. * !2li cjv) /vP, from 2j i^-) 
 /V2/^A9^, vin. i. c. w. sLKjYjd-KTovT. ^ G^^Gcn-icjbrAcy, 
 see XXIX. 3. ^a^O'sy, from ajO?^:^^, t?m. i. c. w. 
 2j (5^-1 ff" ^ ON/T. '^ S" LD, from s" rr (5t7r, reflect, pron. pi. vett. 
 
 iogh. gov. by the postposition, 2 oVr, the fin. Co doubled, 
 
 A. G. S. 16. ^2L_o;nr, postposition, A. G. P. 2 of S. 148, 
 the fin. ovT is doubled, A. G. S. 16". ^ ^ cc^ a\j ot, see 
 XXVI. 6, s?7?^. nom. placed absolutely with e> 'lql (^ 
 (29) rrgtror (5^. ^^ 63 e^ C5vj satct, ace. ^^ ^ 'lq. ^ G ^ ^ <5^ 
 (P, conip. of i;m. KT'LQ., from k- ij (B^ ^ /y? gy, and 
 G^'^fSror©^, see XI. 13, past, put for pres.vin. or iiifin. 
 placed absolutely with 65 (^ (5\j (Jtjt. ^^ G r5 21Q l^ ©> o", or//. 
 ^^ r^ ^G Lju, see IV. 2, t;oc. ** ej /j^'i.o.rs^'LO, from 0>A9(b>, 
 sw6. 'z;df. fog/z. with the particle 2_ ld affixed, which is a 
 usual mode of expressing comparison, the fin. Co changed 
 to rk/, A. G. S. 31. ^^ ^i__Q,G5"j from 05- (S^s^-ld, w>?ezA". 
 A. G. P. 1 of S. 122. wc. ^^ LA(y^ us (2^ LD, from l^onS', 
 see XXIX. 14. ^^ Qui it l_q. G 5"» from G ^ ^ ©^ 02) ld, see 
 XXIX. 15. ^^ G C5V) rr ^ rr gr ^ Lu G5 S" LO, s^^^. used ad- 
 verbially . ^^ G\j 6COT ^ ^, t^m. from cn-i (Sott rUj ^ /^ ^. 
 '^ OYJ TLji^^i vin. from cyu n- y^ gr s/ ^ ^9 ^- ~^ LJ 
 6TOpr5^, i?m. from i_j fi^jivp ^ a9 gy, the in. i_j doubled, 
 A. G. S. 21: these three vineiyechchams, according to the 
 usual method of forming a comp. verb in Tamul, are
 
 232 
 
 united with the following part. l_j ^ Lii lL' l_' ©^ ld. ^^*^^m^ 
 i-P -Ij i_j (5* LD, fut. part, passive voice, com p. of i_^ e? yj, 
 iiifin. from m B- or ^ A9 gy, and lj (p ld, fut. part, from 
 LJ(p^A9^', A. G. S. 76, i. C. W. i^O-LDrr/V}g-(^(y:^(Tl^(5tjr, 
 the in. ;_ doubled, A. G. S. 22. ^^ l_' cr ld nr :^ ^ (g 
 {Hj (5:lS aisv , sub. vett. togh. i. c. w. ^2_C2/tnrr. ^^ ^ 2_q s/^^ttt, 
 see III. 5, siAig. occ. ^^cTxS(^/iv ^, see XIII. 8, t;. infin. 
 i. c. w. S24 <^e: rr (2 s" G i-J n-.52)(2Lu n-. ^^ ??= /v^ /v^/ lo, see 
 XII. 15. the in. 3= doubled, A. G. S. 22. ^^ 24 '^ sp n- (2 5- 
 QLjrr ,s^Qiurr, Jieg. V. comp. of neg. vin. aj '^ ^ rr G 3-, 
 from 24 <^ 51^ ^AQ gy, A. G. P. 3 of S. 101, and v. G '— J /^ 
 SS> G Lu rr, from Q,ljit ^ aq ^', |?as^. 2?zf/ pers. sing, the 
 particle 6^ is added, to denote doubtful interrogation, A. G. 
 
 P. 1 of S. 142. ^^ 24 L3 nr, interj. ^^2 (5^ ^ (g, from 
 
 from rf Lu, per5. pro?i. smg. clat. ^^ 24 gr S" s/^rtn", o^'. 
 ^^ G LJ rf^ Lu, adj. ^^ Qr3<^Q^rr, sub. G CB '^ Br, with the 
 part, of interrog. 6^, sing. nom. to the sz/&. v. understood, 
 A. G. S. 87. ^65-Q3LD, from ^o^^jld, fl^'. the fin. ld 
 changed to rK, A. G. S. 31. ^^^a^jlj©, from ^^(5»^ 
 x'c^^. togh. i. c. w. UD ^ G (TOT. ^^ LD ^ G (T'^j from ld ^ obr, 
 s«6. smg. uoc. ^^ G ^ ^ © LD, from G ^ ^ (5^ 22) ld, a^*. 
 ■^^ G <5^ ^' 22) 05-, sub. vett. i. c. w. l^ A9 l_' G '— '• ^^lS^'Jj 
 G '—J from i_?A9i_Lii_4, sw6. 67'?zg. wc. "^^ rg^Lu, see XXIX. 30, 
 nojn. to ^ C5YJ rr G LU ^- ^^ @ c?^ G ^^^ ^ ^ 5" ^ ovi, from 
 (§ (5^ G c^ ^ ^ lDj 5m6. si/?^. /. abl. *^ ^ cjvj n- G lu rr, from 
 ?i f^ /v) ^, v.fut. 2nd pers. sing, the particle of interrog. 6^ 
 is added. ^^@!5^, adv. '^(^g^^ld, from (g 020 22) ld, 
 
 adj. ^^ L_i OOT 2ya\D, from l^ (jar oV?, sw6. si/7g. occ. '^^ 2 q:? t-U, 
 
 from 2— e5 U3 (P ^ A9 S/* ^^'^^ i- c. w. rg^Lu, understood.
 
 233 
 
 "^^ Q[-jrr(3\_irr Qlu/t, from Q ^^rr^AomJ, see XXIX, 41, 
 the in. lj doubled, A. G. S. 21. *^2_abr, see XXIX, 
 
 30, vett. i. c. w. is^ ^ inJi the fin. (jbr doubled, A. G. 
 S. l6. *^ 3Lcvr a:" iV2/, %iih. smg. nom. placed absolutely 
 with the iujin, e7 n- lu, in an imprecative sense. '^ (^^ o? 
 ^ LD, «^t". ^^ (jvj 49 A^P, from Q\j^ do £nj ^ CD s/> ^^'w. 
 i. c. w. aisNO- A9 mj' ^^ e> /T LU, from ^ n- Lu 9?^ aq ^, r. 
 i7?^«. placed absolutely with s^svr ^v? /v^/, the in. ^ doubled, 
 A. G. S. 21. ^^ 2_at7r, see XXIX. 48. '' sy l_i?., 5?^/^. t;e//. 
 i. c. w. LD (SOTJT onS G CJV). ^^ LD dorn- onS G f^Jv, from LD6OTraNj, 
 /. flZ;/. ^'^ ^ nr cjnr oo, 5z<i. nom. see XXIX. 49. '^ i_J n- lu, 
 
 /;?^w. from l^ n- lu ^ /v^ ^. ''^ 2 c5tJr. ^^ sij Si^ro ^ Si^jvr, 
 
 see XXIV. 3, pi. ace. ^^^,^^(yap, sub. nom, ^^ G LD 
 
 LU, wj^?«. from Gldlu^aq^. ^"s (^tir. ^^oxjluaq,', 
 
 5w6. sing. ^■^ 24 up (jbr /v^/, from ^ up c^^ ^ aq g^/, t^i«. 
 i. c. w. (yuLu/vy. ^"^ ovj /v: ovT, infin. from oyj >v) ogv^p 
 
 ^ /vp ^. ^^ 2 obr. ^^ uj oVt ovt ld, sub. nom. ^^ (^^ ovt 
 
 C3VT rr G t3v, from (^^ ontt c^vA5* c- «^/- ^^ rp rr ld u_', i7//?Vi. 
 from r5^ o- LD L_i ^ /v} 857. ''^@(5^yP, see XXIX. 43. ^^ w^ 
 rr LD, sub. nom. gov. by the postposition @^/vp. ''^^ @Gtjr /vp, 
 t7?j. used as a. postpositioii, A. G. P. 3 of S. 102. ^^ <^(5$£5 
 iS) LD, sub. nom. the in. ^ doubled, A. G. S. 21. 
 ^*@(5br/vp, see XXIX. 72. ^^f^^otaq, see XXV. 11. 
 '^^ @ Ln g- ^, see XII. 4, i^c/^. fo^-/^. '^^ 24 ss? lu lu n- ovr ld? 
 5w6. 7?o??i. '"^ @ atyr /v:p. ''^ G o^ ^5 S^'j from G a\-J ^^9 ^y, 
 t;iw. i. c. w. rg» LU, understood. ^° ^ l^ ^ ^, from ^ l^ ^ 
 05^/v)sy, V. injin. placed absolutely, in an imprecative 
 sense, with r^Lu, understood. ^^ 6r stJTc^ x ^ontt, see 
 VI. 41. pi. agreeing with aj (5\j o- ^ovt. 
 
 2 H
 
 234 
 
 XXX. 
 
 Thus' did they chatter^ all sorts of* abuse and railing,^ 
 stretching forth* (their) hands* and cracking'^ (their) fingers.* 
 
 6 
 
 ^@LUL-jL_p., see XVIII. 1. ^ l_i 4:? lj ov>, see IX. 7. 
 ^.s\-ii2^^LL4r3 ^ih& iTu, subs. sing. nom. for ace. united 
 by the cop. conj. 2_ ld, repeated, and gov. by l-S'S"^ /vp^ 
 Qui rr <5:JorL_Q. ^rs^ rr & ^ oVr ; the usual change of the 
 nasals, A. G. S. 31. *^S)^j sw^* ^wig-. for p/. nom. for ace. 
 '" G ''3 jyP S" mJi fi'oni G CD a:^ ^ ^ a9 ^, f?/?. i. c. w. ^ (5xj cr 
 P5" ON^, understood. ^<yxSO-o^, sub. sing, for pi. nom. for ace. 
 ^ (^^AQ/^e^, vin. from (Cp^ aq/ ^ ^ ao gy? i. c. \v. ajou^'xesrov'T, 
 understood. ®l_S5"^ A:P^G^^<5OTrL_i?.Q3r5 5" n- o" e? ovt, 
 v. com p. of vin. \_£ ^ rio acP? from [_? ^ a?? a^/ ^ aq ^, I'm. 
 er rr <5OTr (5^, and s?/^. v. past. Srd pers. pi. 
 
 XXXI. 
 
 Nevertheless/ from hasty^ stupidity,' no one knew,"-'" up to^ 
 that time,* that'" such a one^ among them^ had gone* with the 
 river,^ nor enquired^^ as to'^ who" that" (person might be). 
 
 ' ^ ^ Q<2/ LD, from ^ f^ /v? ^, conjunctive inood, with 
 
 the particle 2 ld, here used as a disjunctive conj. A. G. 
 
 P. 5 of S. 104. ^ Lj s" /vp(5^, from l_j gr a^/ ^ aq ^, 
 />r76'^ pcrr^ ^ lC? a/m? e=^5-S"c5nr^g^.52) o^?, from uJ* s/n\3 #= 
 e= 5- 5 (5Tjr LDi 8ub. sing, e. abl. the affix ^ cjur ld, has an 
 abstractive force; as ij5^ a/m^ e= e= (5br, "a fool,'' L£?2/m5ff= 
 3:g,-^(5OTLD, '* folly :'' also, like the English affix ness, it 
 changes adjs. into sw&s. denoting state or quality; as
 
 235 
 
 ^c^6^, *' little or mean," ^ obr onr ©■ g- ott ld, "little- 
 ness or meanness/' * a^ G5 G o^ ^ lo, sub. comp. of the 
 ind. letter aj and G G5 ^ ld, A. G. P. 1 of S. 60, sing, noi/i. 
 gov. by the following postposition, the fin. ld is dropped, 
 A. G.S. 32. ^ LOih& LD, sub. used as a postposition, A A}. 
 S. 150, the fin. ld changed to r^, A. G. S. 31. ^^/tl;^ 
 (5j^r5 ^ (g oVt, see XXVIII. 12 and 13, the fm.ovT doubled, 
 A. G. S. 16. ''^/vpg^Gl^, see XXVI. 7. ^Gl-J'T 
 G^cTLJobr, from G lj n- 05^ ^V} ^', pos^ verbal pa gh. masc. 
 A. G. P. 1 of S. 113, nom. subject of the sub. v. under- 
 stood. ^ @ (5br c5^ obr, from ihepron. adj. @abra^, nominal 
 pagh. A. G. P. 1 of S. 122, sing. nom. predicate of the 
 sub. V. understood. ^^6ra^/vy, see II. 1. ^^53e3a\_JOT, 
 see XXVI. 6. ^* sli /vp lu 6h u^ a^ a/^ro, dcf. v. @ 0^5 a/ovj, 
 used with the i7ijin. sli a^Plu, from aj a^ 35^ A9 ^', to form 
 a general neg, applicable according to the context, to any 
 tense, person, gender ox number, A. G. P. 1 of S. 102, the 
 cop. conj. 2_LD is interposed. ^^ sijovjcjbr, see XIX. 8, 
 nom. subject of the sub. v. understood. ^* gt o\j dm^ 
 interrog. pron. masc. A. G. P. 1 of S. .59, sing. nom. pre- 
 dicate to the sub. V. understood. ^^ 5rc5br a^/, see II. 1. 
 *^ <Ti£ e=rrrf^^^fiULi5^ao 2/mD, from ctlS 0= rr rf^ st e^ ao &i,:, 
 same analysis as XXXI. 12. 
 
 XXXII. 
 
 At that juncture,' one,* a sensible person,' who was a 
 traveller,^ approaching^ and feeling compassion,'' asked'^ thus:'"* 
 ** How V Sir,*' how l'-* what'" (is) the misfortune'' which has 
 happened ?"' say (ye)." 
 
 2 H 2
 
 236 
 
 ^ 24 S" 5" AS/ cyvj rr LL? G ov, from 24 g- g72V3/o\jrr LU, comp. 
 of the ind. letter 24, A. G. P. 1 of S. 60, and the sub. 
 ^ /vy (Tu IT Lu, /. «W. implying time, A. G. P. 4 of S. 49. 
 * C5YJ y? LJ G t-J ^ ^ ^ c^5) 05-, comp. of sub. o^j yp, and sub. 
 G L_i n- ^ K- obr, with the w?^w. $4 er, see II. 8. ^l_]5"^ 
 
 LD'"r(5t5r, 5?/6. sing. nom. to (2 e^ -i n-(5br, the in. lj doubled, 
 
 A. G. S. 22. * 65 ej a^_J (5br, see XXVI. 6, in apposition 
 with L_j gr ^ LD n- Gbr ^G^c^br/v^/, see XXV. 2, i.e. w. 
 L_i s" ^ LX) ^ (5t5r. ^ UD <5nr g^ o" nv ^, from ld o^jt g^ o" o^ 
 F)r A9 ^, nominal v. comp. of sub. l£)(5^ ^', and t^. @cr/-k/ 
 ^ dO Sy> '^ifi- J- c. w. i_) g- ^ LD n- (5br. ^ 6[r ^, adv. 
 ^^Lurr, see XX. 25. ^6r^,adv. ^^(Turss", see III. 12, 
 past part. ^^ ^rt=^^L!D, sz^i. sing, nom. subject of the sub. v, 
 understood. ^^Grd^c^, interrog. pron. adj. used abso- 
 lutely, as the predicate of the sub. v. understood. ^^ Gg=rf ov) 
 oo/^G^^ONH", see VIII. 12, v. imp. inood^ 2nd per s. pi. 
 A. G. P. 1 of S. Q^. ^"^srobrAQ/, see II. 1. ^^G^Li 
 La/T(5br, see XV. 9j V. past. 3rd per s. sing. masc. Sigveemg 
 with L_j ^ ^' LD rr (5br. 
 
 XXXIII. 
 
 And as they related'' * in order what had happened/ he^ per- 
 fectly' perceiving^ their^ folly,^ said/'' **A1P" that hath taken 
 place'^ heretofore'" hath happened;" if'^ ye'^ will make'" me" a 
 suitable'^ recompense,"^ there is^^ power^^ to me"* to call" hither^* 
 him who is gone" with the river/'* rest assured,'^ (I am) 
 very^^ learned in arts.^* 
 
 ^ s^ Gx-i & ^ <3i£5 LD, see XIII. 13, 710m. placed absolutely 
 with the injin, Q^ rro>3a\D, the cop. conj. 2 ld is added.
 
 237 
 
 * 65 (^ rkj (^ LJLn, the sub. 53 O? oi/ (g, rendered adverbial 
 by the ?;//?;/. i_j l^, from lj (^^ aq ^, A. G. P. 6 of S. 96. 
 ■' rg L3 03 S" ^S) 5"* *''^'5*' «c^- of rg La rg 5- ^/, ?2e?/f . pas^. verbal 
 pagh. from 03 !_D ^^^ S'. * G 0== ^ crv) cjv, see VIII. 12, 
 V. iiifin. placed absolutely with 2^ a\_) cr es^ ovt, the in. g= 
 doubled, A. G. S. 20. ^ aj ovj c5br, see XIX. 8, 7wm. to 
 cr (5br ^^ (5br. *^ @ a\_j 'x ^ oVr, see XX. 3, t^e/^. i. c. w. the 
 following word. ^ uP sj^to e=(?=^ grc5^ S"a3)g7, see XXXI. 
 3, flfcc. gov. by 05- <5CTnr (p C es- n- 6OTr (p. ^ r^Gbr^Lu) see 
 XII. 11. ^ 05" 6^ (5^ G ^ ^ <5OTr (b^, comp. of om. K"6OTr(5^, 
 see VI. 7, and Qe^ n- 6m- (5^, see XI. 13 and XVI. 5, i;m. 
 i. c. w, ^ a\_i abr. ^^O^cjbr, fltii^. the fm. ot doubled, 
 A. G. S. 16. ^^ ?i (JUT ^, from ?4^/\9 ^', 7iew^. pos/ 
 verbal pagh, nom. to ^j,, ui' /v? aq/. ^^5rov)av)n- ld, see XII. 
 19, nom, in apposition with ^ (^^ ^, A. G. Note in 
 Page 29. ^^^\AS/v)/vy, XXII. 28. ^^/^nv^ovr, see 
 XXIX. 40, pi. nom. to G ^ oj (TI^ cr e? oVr. ^^ gt <5^ ^ (g, 
 see VI. 22, dat. ^^ 6h^ ^, from def. v. 63 ^ dj ld, ^os^ paii. 
 ^^ Q o\j S Lo ^ C5W g- S2) 5"? from G a\j (g ld ^ o^ lo, sw6. 
 smg. flcc. *® G 9= Lu cTXS" d^ ^ oVt, see II. 4, v.fut. 2nd pers. 
 pi. agreeing with rf>nv^oVT, the in. ^ doubled, A. G. 
 S. 20. *^?i.52)av), from ^^f^aqs^', conjunctive form of 
 thet;. A. G. P. lof S. 91. '"'^/vpGc^Gl^, see XXVI. 
 7- ^^ G LJ nr our a\j s/sttt, see XXXI. 8, occ. gov. by 
 ^a^L^CjLS^m. ^^ (^rkjQu^, adv. *^ 2^ 53) i-p ld l_? ^ ^, 
 from 24 02) i=P LJ L_? ^ ^ AO ^, I?. 27?^??. gov. by ^o- n- 6:5r5f' 
 
 m6WJT-(p. ^* (sro^^s, see XXXIII. 15, gov. by 2 6^7(5^, 
 
 see XV. 2. *^ ^ cr rr 6mjp, sw6. smg. /iow. to 2 6cfer (5^, the 
 
 in. g- doubled, A. G. S. 19- ^^2 6^(5", from the root
 
 238 
 
 2_ G\rr, 1". def. *^ (2 (3^_j (g, o^'. ^® cr^ ^ 02) 5" lj l^ @r 
 S-o\jabr, com p. of thesz/Z;. cTi5 5"a2)^^aiid i m q g-g-^ i^, 
 
 /;o5^ verbal pagh. masc. from l_ji ql^^/V}^, 5?V?g. 7?o;w. 
 
 to the 5//^. V. understood. ^^ ;^ ^ © ld, see X. 5. ^ <5r obr 
 ^^(5t5r, see XVII. 24. 
 
 XXXIV. 
 
 To that,' the Gooroo* rejoicing/ replied," " If* thou* wilt do^ 
 thus,^ we will give'- thee'' forty-five^ fanams,'° which were 
 kept^ for the journey."" 
 
 ^ 2L1 ^ ^ @, see VII. 1. * © qcp a\-J n- a^ a\_) /j-, 7?o/?2. to 
 the V. 6r (5br c^ d^, see VII. 2. ^e=r5G^rr2_QLjL_'iJn(5^, 
 see XIII. 14, vin. i. c. w. (^ qt^ ovj rr our oyj ^. * rg* lLj, see 
 XXIX. 40, nom. to the conjunctive form G e= lu @r n- a>^. 
 ^ @ lIj L.' L—Q., see XVIII. 1. ^ G f?= uj 5" n- crV?, see II. 4, 
 conjunctive form, A. G. P. 1 of S. 91» '^o\jy?^(g-, see 
 III. 8, dat. ^02? <tlj g- ^q::^ G5 5"? po/'/. comp. of vin. 
 £22) a\_) ©■ s/j from 22) OYJ ^ ^ /so mJy and the />a5^ part. 
 @ e^ cs g-, from @ e5- ^ ^ AO S/^ i- c. w. lj <5OTr lo. ^ r^ /t /v:> 
 ^ 5" 55" °^ 5r, ?»/m. flf/;. ^^ LJ (5cror Cp" ld, sub. sing, for p/. 
 ;io//?. for ace. gov. by g- (^5 G (Tlj n- ld ; neuter nouns are 
 always placed in the sitig. instead of the pi. when pre- 
 ceded by a num. adj. ; the particle s ld added to denote 
 
 totality. "2l_(5OT^G^> see XXIX. 30, the particle 6r 
 is added for the sake of emphasis. ^^ ^ qg? G o\-i n- lc, 
 from s^o ^iY5 ^'» v.fut. 1st per s. pi. A. G. S. 110, the in. 
 g- doubled, A. G. S. 18. '^6robv^ &, see XXVII. 20.
 
 22 
 
 239 
 
 XXXV. 
 
 And^ he,' brandishing^ a stick* which he bore in (his) hand,^ 
 said/^ "In this^ to be sure^ this** art^ is contained;'" if-* ye,'' 
 having placed yourselves" in a row,'^ on receiving'^ by this'* 
 stick'^ a'^ blow"* upon the back,"" each"" telling^' his"' name, 
 will continue counting,"* I will cause'^ all six persons" to be 
 arrived^^ here."^^ 
 
 * 2ij ctlj (^br, see XXXIII. 5. ^2 ld, cop. conj. the fin. 
 
 LD changed to n^, A. G. S. 31. ^cs) 9?LLS(2av)r5 ^(jtjt, 
 see V. 7 and 8. * s"i Q o^lu? from 371— p.» siih. sing. ace. 
 * <S -^ 05^, from eyi .iv ^ A9 ^', vin. i. c. w. 24 cru abr. ^ @ ^ 
 Gt^v), see XX. 1, /. abl. ''^^(g ld, A. G. P. 1 of S. 104. 
 '^ @ r5 g-, see IV. 1 . ^ c5:i.s S" Ql2) S"? sw6. si«g. 7?ow. to 6b 'LO- 
 
 LL?(njEF©S^'. ^^ 63 t-Q. LLS" Q:^ ^ ^ S7> COIUp. of the Ww. 63 'LQ., 
 
 from 53 Lb 6^ ^ A9 ^', and the sub. v. pres. Srd pers. neiit. 
 "^^ r^n^ m oVt, see XXXIII. 14. '^^rS'02)TfS'^^o-Lurr lu, 
 sub. (Ss^rr repeated, with the vin. ^Lu, see XII. 11. 
 
 @ (23 C5 S/> from @ 03 ^ ^ A9 sy» ^^'/i- i- c. w. r^ n^ ^ ovt. 
 
 @ rg s", see IV. 1. ^^ ^ 1 9 i_u nr a\5, see XXXV. 4, c. afe/. 
 the in. ^ doubled, A. G. S. 24. ^^cp^^^ovt, from 
 (^"S^S? 5'^^' *^'^^- ^- «^^- ^^^^? see III. 18. ^^o| i 9 , 
 5«6. 5/;?o-. 7J0W. for flcc. gov. by lj Ln G cyu. ^^ lj lzi G o^-J> 
 from Lj (B' t^ A9 s^, t^. ?;?^'«. placed absolutely with r^n^' 
 e^oVT, the particle er is added for the sake of emphasis. 
 ^^ 2L| o\j (5^ a\-j obr, see VIII. 8, nojn. to the conjunctive form 
 5r (5^ 6^5^-' ^ G ^ ^ (5^ 'S' ou C5 S" n- a\5. ^^^c5tjr, see XJ. 
 10, the in. ^ changed to ;^, A. G. S. 33. ^*Gljlu 
 $22) T, from G lj lu cr, 5z/6. smg. ace. ^^Qb= rrao o\S', see 
 
 13 
 14
 
 240 
 
 XXIII. 4, i. c.^v. 2g cru OTJT cru abr, the in. g: doubled, 
 A. G. S. 20. ^"^ 6r (5307 (5^ror ^ G ^ rr (5TOr (5" o^u /-^ S" n- a>o, 
 1'. comp. of thei7?L 5r 6:ror (53!\r, see XXV. 17, vi?i. Q^ rr6mr 
 ^, and the conjunctive form a\j r^^ rr a\5, from (j\_j q;;^ ^ 
 Ao ^', A. G. P. 1 of S. 91 ; the several tenses of the comp, 
 V. G K- a- (5^ (p a^_l q:? ^ Ao S^ added to the viii. of any 
 other verb, give the force of continuance to the action, 
 A. G. P. 2 of S. 106. ^^ 24 AQ/ a\j (TJ LD, see III. 2, nom. 
 before the ifijin. (Tu rg ^ q:^ ^ er. ^^@^(S^j (idv. see 
 XXXIII. 22. ^^cn_)a3 ^(^ 5^95-, t'. itifin. comp. of vin. 
 cT\-ir3^9 see III. 12, and the injin. of the sub. v. gov. by 
 
 35^ A9^, V. flit, 1st pers. sing, the in. l^ doubled, A. G. 
 S. 22. ^^ 5r ^br c^ '^br, see XVII. 24, agrees with ajo^jobr. 
 
 XXXVI. 
 
 Having placed^ them- thus ;^ first* planting^" a blow^ whack!' 
 upon^ the GoorooV back,^ and^^ he^^ saying/^ " Holloa !^^ I/* 
 myself/* the Gooroo;"^^ he^^ pronounced/" one.^^* 
 
 * @ lLj L_j i__Q., adv. see XVIII. 1. ^ 2l[ oyj /:r ^ s/^rvr, see 
 XXVIII. 6. ^rg^AO/g-^, see XI. 32, i. c. w. 24a\jabr, 
 understood. * (^^ r^ ^ (^^ rg ^, from (^^ ^ ^ ^ /v? ^y, 
 wV?. repeated, and here used adverbially, A. G. Note to 
 Page 157. ^ (^ r£^ c?^? obr, see XXVII. 8, t;e^/. togli. i. c. w. 
 (^"^^(5br, the in. er doubled, A. G. S. 21. ^^^^ 
 
 * The Pronoun No. ll is honorific, while the pronoun No. 18 is not 
 so ; which, in the original, clearly indicates that the former refers to the 
 Gooroo, and the latter to the traveller.
 
 241 
 
 ^(5br, see XXXV. 16, vett. togh. gov. by \\\c imstposiiion 
 GldG^tv). '^GldG cjv>, postposition, A. G. S. 147. ^ lj 
 
 av)^EF, a natural word. ^ 6^rr\ q., see XXXV. 17 and 18. 
 
 ^° G LJ n- i_n, from G i— i n- (p e^ aq ^, 2V?/z/?. placed absolutely 
 with the pron. sli a\_i cjbr, understood. " sli cyu cr, see 
 XXXIII. 5, /«o«. placed absolutely with the infin. 6rd^(5^. 
 
 2 LO, cop. conj. 2L| LJ LJ /T Lr3 rr, interj. rg rr our, 
 
 see VI. 35, ??ow. to sub. v. understood. ^'^ ^ n- c^br, see 
 VI. 40, the in. ^ changed to aq, A. G. S. 33. ^^(go^, 
 see XXVII. 8, in apposition with r^rrobr. ^'^ ^totctot, 
 from 6rc5br0?^/v^^, v. injin. placed absolutely with sijcyucr. 
 ^^ aj <5\J (5br, see XXXV. 1. ^^ 6h<^ m/, noun of number, 
 used absolutely, A. G. P. 1 of S. 133. ^° (sr (5br c^ abr? 
 see XVII. 24. 
 
 XXXVII. 
 
 In this manner/ he" striking^ alP a^ stroke/ and they/ 
 separately/" both^^ pronouncing^^ their*' names^ and^^ adding'^ 
 the account/^ they agreed"^ in perceiving/" tliat^'^ even one^" 
 was not missing^^ of the six^^ persons. ^^ 
 
 ^ @ fidj cru rr /v^/, comp. of the inch letter @, A. G. P. 1 of 
 S. 60, and a\jrr a^/, sub. sing. nom. ])wt for /. abl. '^ ©cjajot, 
 see V. 2, placed absolutely with the inJin. g^l? e= G o^- 
 ^ (sr a^5 ov) n- 22) cr LL-i LD, see XXVII. 1, ace. gov. by crxs^ 
 G O'!-'- * ej C3»j yiww2. a^'. ^ orxS" e= gr> s//^. s/??i>-. ;io/;z. for ace. 
 gov. by (5^? ^ G c3^-J, which therefore virtually governs two 
 accusatives, A. G. S. 48. ^ <txS^ G oyj, from ct2_?9? ^ a9 ^, 
 t;. e7?^7i. placed absolutely with @o\J(jbr: the particle gt 
 added (with the usual rules of orthography) appears to 
 be expletive. '^ ^(3\jrr6^ o^rg Co, see XXXIII. 1, the fin. 
 
 2 I
 
 242 
 
 LD changed to rg, A. G. S. 31. ^ ^ rki ^oVr, see XI. 28, 
 vetf. togh. i. c. w. (2 L_j Lu ^. ^ (2 l_j lu a*, see XXXV. 22, 
 nom.for ace. gov. by ^_ e=0=rf^E^9r. ^^ Q,G\JivyQ^vj^u;» 
 adj. Qg^-j^^ repeated with the iiifin. ^07, see XVI. 10. 
 
 ^^ 2 e= fF rP ^ K-, from 2 e= e= rf^ ^ ^ /v^ ^, t). ???/?7i. placed 
 
 absolutely with sli ctu cr ^ oVt. ^^ 2 tb, cop. conj, the 
 
 fin. LD changed to rfv, A. G. S. 31. *^e5"6OTr^(^, see 
 XXVII. 10. ^"^ 6r ^ AOi from sr 4:? a^/ ^ aq gy, f??/?/?. 
 
 coupled with 2 e=e=rf^^05-, by the conj. 2 ld, repeated. 
 
 *^2_LD, see XXXVII. 12. ^^^/vy, num. adj. ^''Gi_jlu 
 rT'o^r, see XXXV. 22, /. ahl. ^^ er^ 03- (5yj ^^y ld, see 
 XXVI. 6, nom. before the hifin. (^q^ ^ou^rrirxysorS' ^^; 
 the particle 2_ ld is added, which followed by a negatkcy 
 has the force of even, A. G. P. 5 of S. 140; the fin. lo 
 changed to n^, A. G. S. 31. ^^©02) a^uuh- Locrorg^iV? ^, 
 V. infin. neg. formed by the neg. vin. (^ 02) a9 lu n- ld a\j, 
 from © 02) A9 95^ A9 s:s and the iiifin. rp ^ 6^, from rp ^ 
 ^ Ao ^, which is often used instead of the sub. v. A. G. 
 P. 1 of S. 75, gov. by 53 q:^ o\j (2:/ LD ; the fin. ov) and 
 in, 7ri might have coalesced and become (jbr : thus, So2) a9 
 
 LU /T LD C?^ iVp ^, A. G. S. 37. ^^ 65- 6TOr (5^, SCC VI. 7j 
 
 i. c. w. 2Ja\Jcr^oVT, understood, the in. ^ doubled, 
 A. G. S. 22. ^^ 53 5-s^^Gsrrr6:ferL=3nrrr^0Nrr, t'. comp. of 
 I'm. 63 s" sy» from (33^^ /v^^, and G^n-^OTrLnrr/j-ej-ovT, 
 pas/. 3rdj)ers. pi. agreeing with a^crud^^ovT, understood. 
 
 XXXVIII. 
 
 Wherefore^ being astonished,^ greatly^ praising^ the divine 
 conjurer^ who had come,^ (and) giving (him)^ the stipulated^ 
 money,^ (they) went away.*''
 
 243 
 
 * ^ 52) ^ Lu rr ov), c. ahl. of ^c^u^, verbal in ^, from 
 ?4,^A9^, used absolutely, A. G. Note to Page 117. 
 '^24^Gf^i-ui-^LJLb©, from «li ^^Gf^^LuLJ lj©^(^a9^, 
 conip. of sub. 24 g^ G ^ LJ-J LD, and v. i_j(5^e5^^^s c//;. 
 i. c. w. «Lj ovj o" er Q^TT, understood. ^ (jij -i) 37, see XXXV. 
 27, p«s^ part. i. c. w. G S" cnj cT:i_2 S" 02) ^ 65: gj n- a~ s/tttt. 
 * G S" cru c5:lS g- 02; S" ^ ^ ^ "^ 2A^, from G 3" a\J cj:^-? S" 
 02) S" e^ ^ ^ cr (5br, comp. of G 5" oa-j otjr, and cyi^ ^ 02) S" ^ 
 67 IT crobr, f/mr. /zow??, from sub. (s^lS ^ 02- 5"» i^ee XVIII. .5, 
 s//?o'. ace. gov. by ^ro ^/ g" s" ^. " LtJ^ est sy ld, from uy> (^ 
 ^A9^, ?//^/i. with the particle 2. lo affixed, used ad- 
 verbially. ^ 2A3 ^y ^ s" sy> from 2A3 ^; ^ ^ ^ a9 s:^ ^■"^• 
 i. c. w. 24 (5\j O" 55- oVt, understood. '' G 0= ^ obr cjar, see 
 XXIII. 4, past part, the in. 9= doubled, A. G. S. 19- ^ l_' 
 6OTr 5" 02) S"} see XXXI V^. 10, si)ig. ace. ^ G ^ ^ (5" 5" ^7 
 <TL£ih(Bi comp. of vin. Qu^ rr (^ ^- ^^ from Qu^rrQ^^ 
 ^ t£) sy? ^iicl WW. (5X9 Lij (p, from cjxs" ©^ eS^ /V9 ^, comi^. xin. 
 in which the vin. 'SxS'ljS^ is redundant, A. G. P. 2 of 
 S. 109, i. c. w. ajcyua-^avT-, understood, the in. e? doubled, 
 A. G. S. 20. ^^ G !-J n- .5^ a- ^ ovt, see XXIV. 26, agrees 
 with 24 c5\_i & 05 oVt, understood, the in. lj doubled, 
 A. G. S. 19. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
 J. HADDON, PRINTER, IINSBDRY.
 
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