7 some one asked, * What made you a Nihilist, Dora ? ' *' ' Nothing very remarkable to us Russians,' she replied. * I belong to a good family in a small town in the Warsaw Province. I married the Rabbi of our Synagogue, and we were very happy for a few months. The Czar then made a change, and sent down a new governor from St. Petersburg to replace our old one, who was a good and just man, although a Russian general. The new comer had every vice, and no virtue of any kind. He was so bad and cruel that our friends and relatives wrote us when he came warning us against him. My husband the next Sabbath, in the Synagogue, told our people about him, and advised them to be over cautious in not violating any one of the thou- sand tyrannical laws with which we were cursed. Though he spoke in Hebrew, for fear of spies, someone betrayed him to the governor. He •was arrested, tried, flogged on the public square into insensibility, and sent to Siberia for life. I was present when he underwent his agony, and stood it until I became crazed. I broke through the crowd toward the wretch of an official, and cursed him and his master, the Czar, and swore vengeance against both. I, too, was arrested, tried at court- martial, and sentenced to receive a hundred blows with the rod in the public square. I, a woman, was taken by drunken Moujiks and hea- then Cossacks to the place, tied by my hands to the whipping post, my clothing torn from my body to the waist, and beaten before all the INTRODUCTION. v soldiery and the people of the town. At the twentieth blow I fainted, but the ropes held me up, and the full hundred were counted on my body. They cut me down, rubbed rock salt and water and sqme iron that eats like fire into my back to stop the bleeding, and carried me to the hospital. 1 lay there two months, and was discharged . I had but one idea then, and that was vengeance. By patience I managed to get employment in the governor's palace as a seamstress. One after- noon he was in his bath, and he sent for towels. The attendant was tired, and I volunteered to take them. I threw them over my arm, and under them I held a long stiletto, sharp as a needle. I entered the room, and he was reading and smoking in the bath. I laid the towels by his side with my left hand, and at the next moment with my right I drove the knife through his heart. It was splendidly done. He never made a sound, and I escaped to this land. That is why I am a Nihilist : Do any of you doubt ? ' She sprang excitedly from her chair, and in half a minute had bared herself to the waist. The front of her form from neck to belt might have passed as the model of the Venus di Milo. But the back ! Ridges, welts, and furrows that crossed and interlaced as if cut out with a red-hot iron, patches of white, grey, pink, blue, and angry red, holes and hollows with hard, hideous edges, half visible ribs and the edges of ruined muscles, and all of which moved, contracted, and lengthened with the swaying of her body. There was a gasp from everyone present. The aged host rose, silently kissed her on the forehead, and helped her to put back her garments. Then again the wine passed round, and what secret toasts were made as the party drank will never be known. " The historic chapter which this newspaper paragraph brought to my mind was the story of Madame Lapoukin ; the briefest account of which is probably the following, from The Kfiout^ by Germain de Lagny : — In 1760, under the reign of the indolent and luxurious Elizabeth, who had abolished capital punishment, Madame Lapoukin, a woman of rare beauty, of which the Czarina was envious, was condemned to the knout and transportation, in spite of the privilege of the nobility never to suffer the former punishment. She had been feted, caressed, and run after at court, and had, it was said, betrayed the secret of the Empress' liaison with Prince Razoumowsky. She was conducted by the executioners to the public square, where she was exposed by one of vi INTRODUCTION. them, who rolled up her chemise as far as her waist ; he then placed her upon his shoulders, when another arranged her with his coarse dirty hands in the required position, obliging her to hold her head down, while a man of the lower classes, squatting at her feet, kept her legs still. The executioner cut her flesh into shreds by one hundred strokes of the knout, from the shoulders to the lower portion of the loins. After the infliction of the punishment, her tongue was torn out, and a short time subsequently she was sent to Siberia, whence she was recalled in 1762 by Peter III. For the successful development of these journalistic literary and historical facts and suggestions into a full three volume novel, with truthful as well as characteristic accessories, it was necessary that I should make a study of Russian village life, and refresh my memory with such chapters of Russian history as should enable me to hold my imaginary characters and their actions within the rea- sonable control of probability. I was already fairly well acquainted with some of the best works of Russian fiction, which are full of strong local color and fine characterization, Gogol's stories more particularly, but in order that I might not stray from the path of truth any further than is rea- sonably permissible, I followed up the narrative of The Times y in the files of the Daily Telegraph and X\\q Jewish Chrofiicle; traced the anti-Jewish riots throughout their lurid march of fire and bloodshed j talked to several traveled authorities as to their experiences of Jewish life in South- ern Russia ; and settled down to a careful study of the literary, topographical, political and historical literature of the subject, in the course of which, for the purposes of this story, I have consulted and read : "The Jews and their Persecutors," by Eugenie Lawrence ; " Scenes from the Ghetto," by Leopold Kompert ; " The Knout and the Russians," by Germain de Lagny ; " Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia," by Madame Cottin ; " Russia under the Czars," by Stepniak ; " Prison Life in Siberia " and '• Crime and Punishment," by Fedor DostoifTsky ; " The Russian INTRODUCTION, vii^ Revolt," by Edmund Noble ; "The Jews of Barnow," by Karl Emil Franzos ; '' Russia, Political and Social," by L. Tikhanirov; "Called Back," by Hugh Conway; "Dead Souls," by Nikolai V. Gogol; "War and Peace," and " Anna Karenina," by Count Tolstoi ; " A Hero of our Time," by M. V. Lermontoff; "Russia before and after the War," by the Author of " Society as it is in St. Peters- burg," " The Encyclopaedia Britannica," " Russians of To- day," by the Author of " The Member for Paris ; " " The Russian Peasantry," by Stepniak ; " Stories from Russia, Siberia, Poland and Circassia," edited by Russell Lee ; "Chambers' Encyclopaedia ;" George Kennan's Century papers on "Plains and Prisons of Western Siberia," and " Across the Russian Frontier ; " Theodore Child's " Fair of Nijnii-Novogorod " in Harper's Magazine; The Times pamphlet (before mentioned), " Persecutions of the Jews in Russia, 1881 ; " "Venice," by Yriarte ; " Venetian Life," by Howells ; " Sketches from Venetian History ; " " New Ita- lian Sketches," by J. A. Symonds, and other miscellanous literature. It will be seen that I name these works without any view to classification or order. A foreign criticism upon the Venetian chapter of the story makes it desirable for me to state that the introduction of a Russian interest in the Royal FStes on the Grand Canal is pure invention. The pageantry is true enough ; the presence of the King and Queen of Italy ; the illumination and the rest ; but the red gondola and the ghost of the lagoons belong to the region of fancy ; though they might easily have formed part of the events of the time. I saw a dead swimmer towed into an English fishing port under very similar cir- cumstances to those which I have described as occurring in the waters of the Adriatic. With all due apologies for this personal note, I venture to express a hope that my readers may feel an interest in the Milbankes, the Forsyths, the Chetwynds, and the viii INTRODUCTION. Klosstocks. If I shall make these people half as real to them as they are to me, they will keep them in their remembrance as acquaintances, if not as friends ; and in reflective moments their hearts will go out to an old man and his daughter who in the spirit of chastened content are fulfilling their voluntary exile, their happiness a dream of the past, their chief hope in a future "• where the wicked cease from troubling and the weary are at rest." J.H. BY ORDER OF THE CZAR, CHAPTER I. THE KLOSSTOCKS. She might have sat to Titian, as the lovely daughter of a Doge of Venice in the romantic days of Christian chivalry ; and yet she was only the daughter of a PoHsh Jew, and lived on sufferance in the Russian village of Czarovna. The God of Jew and Gentile alike is kind in hiding from all His creatures the book of Fate, otherwise Anna Kloss- tock might have cursed the hour in which she was born. Nevertheless at the opening of this history we find her rejoicing in her life, and grateful to her Creator for the exceptional blessings with which her girlhood was endowed. She had — above all things desired of woman — the gift of beauty; and as there is no beauty without health. Provi- dence had blessed her with a physical capacity for enjoy- ment, and an intellectuality beyond that which as a rule accompanies the comely attraction of good looks. Indeed, at the beginning of this story of persecution, love and vengeance, it might have seemed to the optimis- tic philosopher that Fate had gone down into the lowliest walks of life to prove the equality of the general distribu- tion of happiness, and that Anna Klosstock had been selected as an example of the divine impartiality. For although Anna lived only in the shadow of liberty, she had never known what its sunshine is, and in her captivity was a queen — the elect of every man, woman and child of 4 BV ORDER OF THE CZAR. the community i1n which she'^as/born. It is true her sub- jects wer^ a despised • race, but the Ghetto or Pale of Settlement in the p-opuloiis'vihage of Czarovna was the most contented, the happiest, the most flourishing of the Jewish towns of Southern Russia ; so much so, indeed, that instead of encouraging the Imperial Government to persevere in a policy of liberality towards both Jew and Gentile, it had more than once excited the suspicion, fear, and duplicity of the reigning powers. At Czarovna both Jew and Christian lived on fairly amicable terms. The Governor, General Ivan Poltava, credited the peace of it to the exceptional liberality of the merchant, Nathan Klosstock, Anna's father; but General Poltava was as great a rarity of honesty in the administration of his office as Nathan Klosstock was of generosity in a Jew merchant. Were there more of such there would be fewer troubles in the land; though neither Russian Imperial policy nor the local Hebrew education tend to develop just and upright governors, or fair-dealing and high-minded Jewish sub- jects. Czarovna was an example of how possible it is, even under the grinding laws of Russia, for a community of mixed nationalities and alien races to live, if not in har- mony, at least without the miseries of a perpetual feud j but there was an unusual principle of give and take on both sides between the Jews and Christians of this excep- tional village in the province of Vilnavitch. If the Jews in Russia are tainted with the worst charac- teristics of the race, their grasping and dogmatic idiosyn- crasies are the result of a systematic and cruel persecution. The conditions under which they exist are miserable beyond all imagination. They suffer again the persecutions of Egypt, without the hope or prospect of deliverance. The Imperial legislation of St. Petersburg seems to aim at nothing short of their annihilation. They are legislated ^Y ORDER OF THE CZAR, ' 5 for as if they were a criminal class — condemned to pass their Hves in circumscribed districts. The ancient Ghetto of the Middle Ages exists for them in some districts of Russia with all its penal severities. They may not own an inch of Russian land ; they may only occupy themselves in certain limited licensed businesses ; they are compelled at intervals to present themselves at certain official stations for the purpose of reporting themselves and renewing their passports ; they are open to insult and derision at the hands of any Christian who chooses morally and physically to wipe his feet upon them. Nevertheless, as a class, they succeed in ekeing out an existence and maintaining a reli- gious independence with an obstinacy that is little less than miraculous. The intensity of their application to the art of money-making also develops, even under the severest conditions, a moneyed class. In every village there is at least one rich Jew — a local Shylock — who lends money at usury, buys up or mortgages the crops of his urban neigh- bor, rents some noble's distillery, controls the taverns, and commands from his co-religionists the respect which is denied him by his Christian fellow-subjects. The child of a thousand years of ill-treatment, it is not to be expected that he will deal any more charitably with the Christian than the Christian deals with him. If the Christian despises him, be sure he hates the Christian with a deadly hatred. Should his child, under the milder influence of Christian precepts, give way to a proselytizing influence, she or he is considered dead to all intents and purposes, the bitter feehng going so far as to comprehend a funeral service, with an empty coffin and a cemetery record. There is no forgiveness for the deserter among the Russian Jews. Nathan Klosstock would probably have resented as fiercely as Shylock himselFthe defection of his only daugh- ter Anna, although in his financial reign at Czarovna he had won the title among the better c^ass of Christians of a 6 BV ORDER OF THE CZAR. liberal Jew. Under the unusually mild governorship of General Poltava the strict limits of the Ghetto had been practically wiped out. The mayor of the little town, being particularly anxious to stand well with the General, who lived in an old palace on the uplands overlooking the straggling village, acted with an outward show of sympa- thy for the Governor's mild and beneficent edicts. Czarovna chiefly consisted of one long broad street, with houses and shops in a strange picturesque jumble, a fine church, and in this case a more or less dilapidated palace on the outskirts, in which the Governor (who in this instance also exercised authority over much of the sur- rounding district, with the approval of the Governor- General of the vast province of Vilnavitch) resided, and the barracks where there were generally quartered a troop of Hussars. At the northern end of the town, creeping up from the rocky bed of the river, that wound its way into the distant forest, was the Jewish quarter, which even in this exceptional district considered it necessary to put on an outward appearance of poverty in keeping with tradition, but which had many contrary examples to show to those who excited in them no dread of plunder. The house of Moses Grunstein, for instance, externally looked what it professed to be, the abode and warehouse of a struggling trader and merchant, who found it difficult to make both ends meet ; but in reality it was in its way a palace, with a subterranean annex, that was one of the mysteries of Czarovna, and its owner's particular and special secret. Nathan Klosstock, however, made but little disguise of his prosperity, for he believed no one grudged him his wealth, because he made good use of it, and was as generous as any Christian could possibly be, and far more so than many really were. But the native who lives in the track of the tornado grows accustomed to danger. People live»without fear beneath the shadow of BV ORDER OF THE CZAR. *§ Vesuvius. Every man is mortal but oneself. There might be troubles in other villages of Southern Russia, but to Nathan Klosstock Czarovna was safe. Life is a matter of habit ; one may become used to anything. Happiness is a question of comparison. A prisoner having been sub- ject to a severe discipline is awakened one morning with the companionship of his dog ; in future he is to have books, there is a jar of flowers in his cell, he may take exercise, and he is to suffer no more hard labor : he thinks himself the happiest man in the world. Nathan Klosstock, though recognized in a friendly way by the Governor, had to cringe and grovel before the great landlords, and he dared not resent the bold looks and insolent compliments which were now and then paid to Anna by some of his noble patrons. But oh, my brethren, to what a gulf of misery and death he was walking all this time, he and his ! — the way strewn with flowers, as if to enhance the horrors of the impending gulf — walking hand in hand to the music of their own grateful hearts, at which every fiend in hell might have laughed, so grim, so awful was the pit that Fate had cast in their way. During some years past a few of the later generations of Jews had ventured, with proper authorization, to live in the town proper and its outskirts, where they could see the sky and have the privilege here and there of something like rural occupation. There were troubles now and then with such of, these as the Governor permitted to hold taverns or public-houses, and it was no doubt a legitimate complaint on the part of the poorer class of farmers that these miserable Jews, having lent money to the even more miserable mujiks, encouraged them to drink and spend the money they had borrowed. But whenever anything like a serious situation was developed in this direction Nathan Klosstock came forward and settled it. He had also propitiated the few nobles and better class of land 8 BY ORDER OF THE CZAR, cultivators in the province, by fair and honorable advances of money, at fair and honorable rates. He was the general merchant of the district, dealing in everything ; was a ship- ping agent, importing goods from almost every part of the world ; was a pleasant, hearty, genial, fairly educated man, and had induced the young rabbi Marcus I^osinski, of St.- Petersburg, to take up his residence as the Chief Rabbi at Czarovna. Klosstock's house was the Mecca of many traveling pedlars, students, and beggars. He was known throughout all the lands where Jews are known. His wife during her short lifetime had been worthy of his fame, and his daughter Anna was a lovely type of Semitic beauty, with a grace of manner that was eminently in keeping with the name she bore. The Klosstocks lived at the very entrance to the Ghetto, where in olden days the gates that had shut in the narrow streets of the despised community had swung night and morning upon their grating hinges, to the order of the hostile guardian whom the Jews themselves had to pay for exercising his barbaric authority over them. It was an unpretentious house, though somewhat glaringly paint- ed ; and it served as shop, counting-house, office, museum, and living apartments, where Klosstock's forefathers had founded the little fortune which had prospered in the hands of their now aged son. It was after a visit to the province of Vilnavitch, and a pleasant call, eii route, at the house of Klosstock, that Nathan had induced the young and distinguished rabbi to accept the vacancy at Czarovna. Not that the rich Jew had given his daughter to Losinski, as he might have done, but he had promised him that if he should find favor in Anna's eyes the betrothal should take place as soon as possible. Anna had already received much more than the customary tuition which the Jews of her father's class permit to their daughters. She could speak German, had BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. 9 a fair knowledge of French, was almost learned in Biblical lore, and had the natural taste of her race for music. Her voice and her lute were heard at the Jewish festivals, and her charities might have won the commendation of the strictest worshippers of that Messiah for whom her race suffer still under the ban of having crucified. Marcus Losinski, coming to take charge of the morals and religion of the Jews of Czarovna, was to Anna a pil- grim of light from the outer world. He was wiser than his years ; had traveled through the East, even to Jerusa- lem. He could tell her of the wonders of the great capitals. He had fulfilled missions to Paris and London, although he was only some ten or fifteen years her senior. No queen could have held Losinski in a firmer allegiance of love and worship than Anna the Queen of the Ghetto. '* It is accounted a sin among the Christians," he had one day said to her, " to love even maid or wife beyond the man they have made their God ; and I am glad to have been born a Jew, Anna, if it were only to be untram- meled by law, human or divine, in my love for you." " Do you not think," Anna replied, " that God's laws are as easy as man's are difficult. " Yes, Anna, truly I do. Religion lies not in law nor in knowledge, but in a pure and holy life." " And yet, dear love," said Anna, " I sometimes think you chafe here in Czarovna, and long for a wider sphere of usefulness." *' It is not so, Anna. My ambition is satisfied to be with you, whatever my sphere of work ; but sometimes I wonder if it were not wise to leave this land of doubt and fear, and travel further afield where our people are not ever- lastingly within the clutch of tyranny and abuse, where indeed they are safe from public persecution and private contumely." *' Ah, you envy Andrea Ferrari," Anna replied. " You lo BV ORDER OF THE CZAR. would like to go up and down the world as he docs, see- ing fresh peoples, noting the wonders of strange lands.*' " Nay ; I have seen much of the great world, Anna. My only desire is to be sure that your future shall be as happy as your past ; that neither you nor your father may ever be the victims of some sudden change of policy on the part of the Government. For myself, my life is nothing to me if it brings no special good lo you. Mar- tyrdom in such a cause would be happiness." *' You are sad ! " Anna said quickly. *' Do not talk of martyrdom ; you make my heart stand still. What mar- tyrdom, dear love, could there possibly be for you in my behalf?" " None that would be martyrdom," said Losinski. " But how do we come to be talking in such a doleful strain ? Forgive me, Anna, Ferrari comes to your father's house presently. I met him an hour ago at the barber's. He is particular about his toilette when he comes to see the Queen of the Ghetto.' "He is very welcome," said Anna. "Is he net some- thing like the dove returning to the ark with news of the outer world ? There are no books of travel so interesting as the travelers themselves." " For 'which sentiment,*' said a voice in the doorway, " I return you my best thanks ; and I believe, if I am not considered too egotistical, that I am of your opinion. "Ah, Signor Ferrari," exclaimed Anna, rising, "wel- come ; it is true we were talking of you." " Again good-day to you," said Losinski. " Anna find- ing me in a Soleful mood began to talk of you ; I hope you will make us merry." " That must be our duty to Andrea," remarked Nathan, the master of the house, who had entered the room with the traveler ; " our guest has journeyed far and wants rest and refreshment. He reserves for after dinner his news ^V ORDER OF THE CZAR, II and gossip — and he has news that is not altogether good, he says ; so let us eat, drink and be merry, for the present is ours, and who knows aught of the morrow? Come, Anna, be of good cheer." " Nay, I am, dear father ; and our good friend Signor Ferrari shall tell us of his city in the sea. That will make him happy, and we will share his joy. You have only good news from Venice ? " " None other, dear mistress," the Italian replied ; " Venice is paradise." '* Venice is your home, signor ; and home is paradise wherever it is. Come, let us go to dinner." Nathan smiled at Ferrari and laid his hand lovingly on Anna's slioulder as they left the small entrance hall or porchway into the general room of the old house, where dinner was ready. " It is a sentiment that does you honor as well as your daughter," said the Italian in reply; but turning to Los- inski he added, " Is it good after all, a Providence that gives the children of the desert a proverb instead of a home ? " *' God be thanked," said the rabbi, "for the comfort of Anna's loving sentiment." '^ Amen," said Ferrari : " long live the grateful heart ; " and then to himself, *' Shall we, the so-called chosen, always have to fawn on the hand that smites us ? " 13 BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. CHAPTER II. HAPPY CZAROVNA. It was an interesting and characteristic group, the Kloss- tock household, with Ferrari and Losinski as guests, a few days before the year of Anna's bethrothal to the young and learned rabbi was ended. They sat round about the great stove, after dinner, Klosstock in his brown gabardine, looking venerable and picturesque ; the young rabbi similariy attired but in black, a heavy signet ring upon the forefinger of his right hand, his face singularly handsome, with soft, dreamy, hazel eyes, a brown beard, not unlike the beard which painters give to their imagin- ary portraits of Christ ; Andrea Ferrari, the Italian Jew traveler, a shrewd, keen-looking man of middle height, with a watchful manner, a dark olive complexion, a strag- gling black beard and moustache, a low compact forehead, as much of his mouth as you could see denoting firmness of character, his hand strong and nervous, boney, almost clawlike, .his dress of a far more artistic cut than the others, with a girdle of tanned leather and of ample proportions, large enough and strong enough to carry treasures even more valuable than their weight in gold ; and hidden in his breast both knife and pistol — for while Andrea could play the humble Jew, he knew also how to protect himself on occasion. There had been times when he had found it useful — and his conscience took no affront at it — to pass himself off as a Christian citizen of Venice. He hated Russia with the intensity of aa unforgiving nature ; his father, an inoffensive pedlar in the land, having lost his life in a street brawl at the hands of a drunken crew of BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. 13 Moscow revelers, his mother falling a victim to grief at her husband's death. Apart from these inducements to revenge, Andrea Ferrari had imbibed the doctrines and some of the hopes of the latest propaganda of the Nihilists of Russia ; but this he kept a strict secret in his own breast, he well know- ing that in Russia even a secret so well guarded as his sometimes gets out, not by open or private confession, but through a keenly interpreted look, a sudden interrogation, or an ill-considered remark. The somewhat sinister expression of Andrea's face, a habit he had of dropping his eyes, an introspective manner, was very much in contrast with the frank, open countenances of the host, the rabbi, and the young girl who was not only known within the Pale of the Settlement as the Queen of the Ghetto, but outside the Jews' quarter as the good daughter of the Liberal Jew. Anna loved to hear Andrea Ferrari talk of his travels, and the rabbi, by whose side she sat, an attentive listener to the general conversation, was also much interested in him. " Tell Anna," said the rabbi, *' of Venice ; of those olden days of our people, and how our brethren have progressed in wealth, in power,^and in freedom ; moreover, such advancement is an encouragement for hope, even here in Russia." " Would to God that all our neighbors, far and near," said Klosstock, lighting his big German pipe, *' were as well considered and as justly protected in their rights as we of Czarovna ! " *' Rights ! " exclaimed Andrea, in a fierce but suppressed lone, " what rights, my father? " '^ The right to live without being beaten — the right to pray to the God of our Fathers — the right to buy and sell." " Yes, we are well oif at Czarovna," remarked the 14 BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. rabbi ; " but that should not make us content when our brethren in the east and west are ground under the heel, beaten in the streets, cast into prison, crucified ; and even here in the south, Czarovna is one of the few exceptions, where we may do more than herd together like animals content to feed on the husks their masters fling to them. But it was so in Venice, where to-day our brethren hold up their heads in the blessed sun, and walk with the Christian merchants, their equals in respect and in power. "Not quite that," said Andrea, "but of a sufficient freedom of action and life ; it is only in London where it may be said the Jew is equal to the Christian. And if it were not that some of our brethren, steeped in the preju- dices and vices that have been engendered of a thousand years of persecution, did not trespass upon the English liberal and human sentiment by ill acts that we as a community would be the first ourselves to punish, London would come to forget entirely that a man were Jew or Gentile, except, if he were a Jew, to glorify him all the more for his good works. It is thus that we are cursed from generation to generation ; the offspring of the dead, bitter past, the child of persecution, the seed of misery and dependence, waxes strong, and in his strength de- velops the cunning of a past in which it was his only weapon, and brings down upon individuals the curses of even the great liberal-minded people of London." " It thou wert not a Jew, and true as the ring of thine own gold, Andrea Ferrari, thy words would be thine own condemnation ; but, friend of many countries, do thou tell our daughter Anna of that city of tlie sea, which is like the dream of a poet rather than a sober incident, from the book of real experience ; and whither our dear son, the rabbi, doth propose to travel with our loving daughter Anna — mayhap accompanied by their father — what sayest thou, Anna ? " BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. 15 '* It is too much happiness to think upon," she replied. "You may go to bed, Amos Negrusz," said Klosstock, addressing a serving-man, whom both the rabbi and Ferrari had eyed with something like suspicion. The man bowed, but said nothing, not even "Good-night.'* He was a sinister-looking person, and had probably noticed a certain watchfulness on the part of the guests that was peculiar to their manner on this occasion, for though he had only been in the Jew Klosstock's ser- vice a few weeks, he had come with such excellent creden- tials, and was so willing and so anxious to all appearance to please, that both the rabbi and the master were inclined to trust him, and to regard him as an acquisition to the household. " Forgive me," said the rabbi, lifting the heavy curtain over the door whence Amos Negrusz had disappeared, and standing for a moment in a listening attitude, " and I will explain later." Klosstock looked inquiringly at his daughter, whose hand seeking his, he raised it to his lips, and she laid her head upon his shoulder. " I do not like the man Amos," said the rabbi, in a low voice. " Nor do I," added Ferrari. " Nay, what has the poor fellow done ? " asked Kloss- tock. " You thought him a good man and useful, my son, until now." "I did," said the rabbi. "It is only to-day that I doubt him ; only to-night that I fear him." " Fear him ? " said Klosstock. " Do I hear aright ? " ** Where did he come from ? " asked the Italian. " From Elizabethgrad," said Klosstock. " Recommended by one worthy of trust ? " " Yes, truly," replied Klosstock, " the merchant Chane." " I thought so," said Ferrari significantly. " Do you know the merchant Chane ? " |6 BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. ^' Not to speak with him," said Klosstock, " but I know him by repute as one whose word is his bond, and who has large possessions." " Ha ! " ejaculated the Italian, rising and pacing the room for a moment, and at the same time pausing near tjie door, as if he listened for footsteps. " Do you know him ? " asked the rabbi. " I do," said Ferrari. " I fear a cloud is gathering about us," said the rabbi, " but one which may break far away if we are careful. I have kept watch over my words this evening that your servant might not hear of the warnings which have reached me within the last few hours from a trusted friend in St. Petersburg." " Is it touching the new Governor ? " said Ferrari inter- rupting him. " It is," said the rabbi. " Alas, I can indorse it ; and I, too, have observed a reticent demeanor^ for the reason that this Amos is not what he represents himself to be." " Forewarned is forearmed," said the rabbi. " The new Governor is on his way to Czarovna ; it may be possible to propitiate him ; I know that it is possible for him to reduce our Hves to the miserable level of those of our brethren at Kiew. That we are an exception is due to exceptional causes. The hand of persecution lies heavy on our brethren all round about us." ** Our brethren are themselves much to blame," said Klosstock. " They make hard bargains ; they thrive on the Christian need ; they do no acts of charity outside the Pale of Settlement ; they forget that God made us all." " They remember," said Ferrari, " that the Christian has ground them beneath his heel ; they remember that from age to age in all countries they have been harried by Christian fire and sword; and that even in these days of BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. 17 so-called charity and education, and especially in this land of the Czar, they are the victims of harsh laws, aliens alike from freedom and justice, and compelled to kiss the rod that stripes them. No, my father, blame them not that they take their revenge," '* '' But I do blame them, my son," said Klosstock, " and I present to them and to you the example of Czarovna as proof of the good that comes out of toleration." " Toleration ! " exclaimed the Italian, but in a hoarse whisper. '* The merchant Chane is a tolerant man. Hush ! But we alarm our good young hostess." " I have spoken something of this to Anna already," said the rabbi, "and we are accustomed to discuss many things outside the ordinary lines of education." Anna crept closer to her father's side, and looked up wistfully at the handsome young savant who was to be her husband within the next few days, and whom she loved with the devotion of her fervent and affectionate nature. CHAPTER HI. **A BOLT FROM THE BLUE." A WARM ruddy glow from the great stove fell lovingly upon the group, which had an Oriental picturesqueness of detail that might to an artist have recalled the lights and shadows of the master painters of old, with the exception that there was something modern in the beauty of Anna, with her violet eyes, her rich red-gold hair, and her fresh complexion : a beauty more akin to pure Venetian than to that of the Semitic race. " Anna, it were well thou went to rest," said Klosstock ; " our guest and friend Andrea is over anxious about this new governor. He will alarm thee ; and even our dear Losinski is inclined to exaggerate the possibilities of the 2 |8 BV ORDER OF THE CZAR. change in the governorship. It is true we are parting with a kind and benevolent man, and we should rejoice in his promotion." " If it is promotion," said Ferrari. " Yes, my son, it is — the Governor has told me so him- self; and as a good wife makes a good husband, so do good subjects make good governments, and there is some truth in the credit which General Poltava gives to me for the peace and happiness we enjoy in Czarovna. I have conciliated our masters, propitiated our neighbors, our people have placed their interests in my keeping. I have in my dealings followed the example of my father ; and the result of this policy is seen in the gates of the Ghetto having for years rusted on their hinges, unused and for- gotten, and in the neighborly relationship of Christian and Jew, such as exists at this day, Ferrari — as you were telling me when last you favored us with your welcome presence — in that city of the sea, which once was the seat of perse- cutions and butcheries of our race beyond the power of pen or tongue to describe." * It is so, my father ; and it would be to Southern Russia as if the Messiah were with them, could our people enjoy the blessings their brethren enjoy in Venice and in London." " And in regard to which Czarovna stands only second, eh, Ferrari ? " " Czarovna has many blessings," said the Italian. " Thou art my blessing, Anna," said Klosstock, *' and it grows late." The Jewish maiden rose, embraced her father, took her leave of the rabbi and their guest, and taking up a quaint old lamp retired, her heart full of the hope that if she and he whom she loved did bend their steps to other lands where the original yoke of the Egyptians had indeed fallen clean away from the Jewish shoulders, her father might be BV ORDER OF THE CZAR. 19 induced to accompany them ; though she knew how he would cling at last to the spot where her mother, the beloved wife of his youth, lay in her everlasting bed. But she hoped all would be as she wished, and she was glad that the journey had been talked of before the rabbi's friendly messenger had brought the bad bad news, which might otherwise have made the departure of her father seem like an act of desertion. " Listen, both of you — Nathan Klosstock and you, my dear friend Losinski," said Ferrari. "The butchers are abroad. The red fury of barbarism is once more march- ing through the land. The prediction that the anti-Semitic trouble of Germany would spread to Russia has been pushed on by Panslavist emissaries from Moscow. The flame has broken out at Elizabethgrad. The Jews, being forewarned of trouble, applied to the authorities for pro- tection. They were treated with scorn. While I speak to you the Jews' quarter is a wreck. Placards were issued, informing the orthodox Russians that the property of the Jews had been given over to them, and that they might take it. The Government did not deny the outrageous notification. The orthodox rose. The military being called out presented themselves at the scene of the massacre, but only to look on, their criminal sympathy with the mob only tending to encourage the cruel excesses." " Didst thou say massacre ? " asked Klosstock, looking aghast at the Italian. *' I said massacre. But it was worse than massacre, my father ; twenty-five good women, our dear sisters, were violated, ten dying in consequence." " Holy Father ! " exclaimed the rabbi. "At the house of one Mordecai Wienarski, the mob, disappointed of plunder, caught up his child and hurled it through the window. The infant fell dead at the feet of a company of Cossacks, but they moved neither to take it ao BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. up nor to arrest the murderers. Two thousand of our brethren are houseless : six have gone to their long rest ; many are grievously wounded, and the community has been plundered of property of the value of forty thousand English pounds." " Thou strikest me dumb, Ferrari ! " said the host. " What dost thou advise ? '* Nay, calm yourself," said Losinski ; " this is not the first rising against our brethren ; and while all Russia has suffered much in this way, do not forget that Czarovna has been free from trouble. We must not seem to know of this terrible news ; we must show no fear ; we must not let it change our manner towards our neighbors ; General Poltava is still with us, and his officers are kind and considerate." " Do not be deceived," said Ferrari \ " to-morrow, per- haps to-night, your new governor will arrive at the palace j I passed him on the way ; he was traveling incognito. By this time General Poltava is under arrest." Klosstock leaned back in his chair and groaned. *' I almost hate myself for being the bearer of such ill- tidings," said Ferrari ; ** it is the bolt from the blue. I found you steeped in the happiness of virtue, good-feel- ings and sweet content ; I am a moral earthquake to your household bliss. But it is in one's happiest hours that Fate strikes us down." " Let us pray ! " said the rabbi. Nathan Klosstock fell upon his knees in a paroxysm of grief. Ferrari bowed his head, mumbling to himself that he would rather cut the throat of the servant Negrusz, before he had time to do him, at least, a mischief The rabbi offered up an eloquent appeal to the God of their Fathers, recalling the many favors He had accorded to His chosen people, and especially the blessings He had vouchsafed to Czarovna, bewailing the persecutions which :by order of the czar. 21 His people suffered round about them, and more especially asking for the protection of this house of Klosstock, and of His servant Anna, light of her father's old age, and soon with His favor to be a wife unto the humble peti- tioner, and so on — a prayer of faith and hope and humility, to which Klosstock said '^ Amen," and Ferrari '* So mote it be ! " Then there was a dead pause, and the three men stood up and listened, as if they expected an answer to the rabbi's prayer in the shape of some good omen or token of peace. But all was still as death, except for the howl of some restless dog in a distant street. The moon had risen and was pouring its beams into her chamber as Anna set down her lamp upon a quaint old chest by the window. She sat right in the midst of the lunar radiance and thought how beautiful it was, how lovely was life — her life — what rich blessings God had lavished upon her. There was not a single tremor of fear in her heart. If trouble was coming to Czarovna, she and those she most loved would be able to leave it. It would have been too much to have expected her to think of any others at that moment besides her father and her lover. Nor could she realize the bitterness of a persecution which she had not felt, and which Czarovna had not known in her time ; and while the rabbi had spoken of these things, he had been jealous not to overshadow Anna's happiness with tales of horrors, the recitation of which, while they might cast a shadow upon her thoughts, could serve no useful pur- pose. For she was born with sensibilities and a sympa- thetic nature, and would find in life itself, as she grew older, quite enough that was sad, without lavishing her sympathies upon sorrows and troubles she could neither influence, amend, nor control. Anna did not dream of the shadowy form that crept out of the moonlight, crouching beneath her window, as as BY ORDER OF THE CZAR, she closed the shutters and betook herself to her prayers. Neither did the rabbi, nor the guest, nor good old Father Klosstock. For the three men now lighted fresh pipes, and gathered about the stove to be free and confidential in their conversation, Anna having retired. " This new governor," said Ferrari, " is General Petro- novitch, a man of a cruel disposition, who hates our chosen people, and aids and abets their persecution. Nay, dear host, my good friend, be not impatient with me. I know what I say ; know more than I dare to communi- cate to you ; know more than some might say I ought ; more I hope than is good for such as Petronovitch." " I have never asked thee, Ferrari, whence thou comest, or whither thou goest ; but I trust to thy love and dis- cretion not to compromise this household with anything that can be called political." " Your trust is well placed ; I am here for the last time. Czarovna will see me no more, nor, indeed, will Russia, after I leave her accursed soil on this last journey. Indeed, but for the love I bear you and your daughter I should have not been here to say farewell ; for I passed a long distance out of the way I was going to bring you the warning which the rabbi Losinski has haply received before me. It is well ; you might otherwise have thought less of what I had to tell you." " If you are compromised in the eyes of the Govern- ment, Andrea Ferrari, it is hardly kind to have made this your chief house of call in Southern Russia," said the rabbi. " I have had no reason to believe that I was suspected until I left St. Petersburg this time, intending to go to Paris ; but some sudden knowledge of the change of government here and the departure of a certain man from the capital for Elizabethgrad and Czarovna, forced me, as I said before, out of the love I bear this household, to make my way hither." ^V ORDER OF THE CZAR, 23 While he was speaking, the man who had crept out of the moonlight entered the old house by a side door in the courtyard, which was opened to him by an inmate ; and at the same time there emerged from an archway in the street at the entrance to the Ghetto a file of soldiers, and a wagon came rumbling along the thoroughfare, awaken- ing the otherwise quiet echoes of the night. * "What is the noise outside ? " asked Ferrari, feeling the knife, which he always carried handy in a belt on his hip. " Some late carrier from the country," said Klosstock. " You seem much disturbed," remarked the rabbi. " I had a bad dream last night; I thought I was sitting here among you, and that suddenly there started up behind the slove a man, who said, * Andrea Ferrari, thou art my prisoner.' The noise outside struck me curiously as if it were the prologue to my captivity." " Hast thou been drinking, Andrea ? " the old man asked. " Nay, I am in my soberest senses ; a little over-anxious for thy welfare perhaps ; for know this — Governor General Petronovitch is a sensualist, and a tyrant ; he is believed to have instigated the rising against our chosen people at Elizabethgrad, and your friend Poltava's withdrawal from the province is not promotion, it is disgrace ; he is even suspected of sympathy with the Nihilistic propaganda." " God forbid ! " exclaimed Klosstock. " Moreover thy new servant, Amos Negrusz, is a Government spy " " And he arrests thee, Andrea Ferrari, as a traitor ! " said a vgice, which seemed to come from the earth, as the three men started to their feet and the servant emerged from a dark corner of the room, covering Ferrari with the shining barrel of a revolver, while at the same time another person appeared from the doorway whence Anna had retired, and a loud knocking was heard at the front door of the house. 24 BV ORDEk OP THE CZAk, " Do thou open thy door to the police," said Negrusz. Ferrari had stood perfectly still, his heart beating wildly, but hand and head ready for the slightest chance of escape. The arrogant act of the servant in ordering the master to open his own door gave Ferrari the oppor- tunity. It was only for a second that Negrusz was off his guard, but in that second Ferrari, with the agility of a cat, was upon him, his knife in his throat, the pistol wrested from him, and the next moment the lithe Italian had dis- appeared through the open doorway in the rear. A scene of confusion followed : hurried orders of mili- tary men, the screams of women, and presently the report of firearms in the principal street of the Ghetto. CHAPTER IV. AN ESCAPE. His teeth set, his red knife firmly grasped, Ferrari sped through the narrow streets, down strange passages, now crouching out of the moonlight, now dashing through its beams, until he found himself on the bank of the river that skirted the settlement. Here, in the shadow of a bridge, he rested, and hoped Losinski's prayer had indeed been heard, and half believed it had, his escape so far having been nothing less than miraculous ; and breathless as he was, panting for very life, he rejoiced that the spy Negrusz had been delivered into his hands. Presently he looked back towards the village. Lights were appearing in the previously darkened windows. He thought he heard the hum of voices. No doubt the whole place was up in arms. He feared for the safety of Anna, and for the lives of his dear friends. What would happen ? Could he be of use to the Klosstocks, upon whom it seemed to him he had brought disaster and ruin ? How BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. 25 could he hope to escape? He was now known to the police, denounced by Negrusz — a sleuth hpund of the St. Petersburg Detective Force, who had found reason to suspect Ferrari about the time of the murder of the Czar. While, however, he was making up his mind to act, Ferrari, in the very house where Negrusz thought he had him safe, had managed to disappear, which was sufficient evidence to satisfy Negrusz if ever he again encountered him. From that moment Ferrari had assumed one of his various dis- guises, which he had only laid aside on his way to Czar- ovna, and this was the last visit he had intended to pay to his friends in Southern Russia. Ferrari had, for several years, been associated with the propagandists ; but until this night his hand had shed no blood in the Nihilistic cause, and now that he had whetted his knife he felt a thirst for more. What should he do ? Take advantage of the disturbance and sensation of the affair at the Klosstocks to sineak back into the Ghetto and find shelter there ? Or make his way to some distant village ? Or seek refuge for a time in the adjacent woods ? There was a certain Count Stravensky, a landowner near Czarovna, of whom Ferrari had in secret conclave heard as " one of us." If he only knew whether he might trust the count ! If he only knew where to find his place ! •This Count Stravensky was one of the old nobility, who had been grossly insulted by the Pristav of the district during a search for secret printing presses, and piqued at the treatment his complaint had received, and nettled at his exclusion from Court, he had indeed joined the forces of that vast agitation which was shaking the social order of Russia to its foundations. As the count is des- tined to figure in these columns, it may be well to refer to the peculiar kind of persecution to which even the highest as well as the lowliest of the land are subjected — Jew and 26 BY ORDER OF THE CZAR, Gentile, noble and peasant, men and women, gentle and simple. During the periods of what Stepniak calls " the White Terror," which generally follows on great attempts or de- tected plots, when searches are made by the hundred, there is hardly a family belonging to the educated classes who, on retiring to rest, do not tremble at the thought that before morning they may be roused from their sleep by the emissaries, of the Czar. The Count Stravensky, during one of these general raids, felt thoroughly entitled to sleep in peace. But as it turned out, he had offended the Procurator of the district, who had some personal scores to settle with the local nobility. The count was not one of the most amiable of human beings, it is true ; but he was faithful to the dynasty, and had inherited from his progenitors a love of home and country. He was a widower, and his only son had died fighting for the Czar in Central Asia. One day, with drums beating and ban- ners flying, the Procurator marched into the woodland country beyond Czarovna, and infested the house and grounds of the count. No one was permitted to leave and none to enter, until the officer and his men had ransacked the place for a secret printing press or for incriminating papers. They found neither; but a few versts2i\fz.y they discovered, in the library of the count's nearest neighbor, a newspaper calling upon the Czar to give the country a Constitution. The editor and proprietor of the journal had already been imprisoned for this offence. The count's neighbor could not say how the paper came into his room ; he vowed he had not only not read it, but had never seen it until it was taken from his desk ; and it afterwards was clearly shown that he spoke the truth — a discharged ser- vant confessed that he had placed it where it was found, and afterwards given information to the police. Never- theless, the count's neighbor, who had been carried off to SV ORDER OF THE CZAR, »j prison, was not released upon this evidence, but died on his way to Siberia. The count was forcibly confined to his house for several days, and, though he escapee! the fate of his neighbor, he was subjected to much annoyance, until the Procurator was dismissed from his office for a glaring offence against a more favored individual. When the local noble's name occurred to Ferrari, he had just previously received an official token of the Imperial favor and at the same time a large acquisition of wealth. But all this was too late so far as his allegiance to the Czar was concerned ; he had long since lent his secret aid to the general agita- tion, but with a secrecy which defied the keenest eye. Ferrari, unfortunately, had no knowledge of these details, and so keenly did the count protect himself that it is possible, had the Italian sought refuge on his estate, he would have given him up to the police. That would have entirely depended on circumstances ; for Stravensky was a man of moods, and of late he had given the new Procurator every reason to believe that he was active in the interests of the Czar and his officers. While Ferrari was holding within himself a council of war, there issued from the village a dozen troopers, no doubt from the local barracks, who came sweeping across the plain in the direction of the spot where he lay con- cealed in the shadow of the bridge. At first blush, he gave himself up for lost, but determined to die hard. Sheathing his knife, he drew his revolver, and crouched behind the timbers of the bridge, that he might, at least, empty every barrel before he was taken. But the horsemen dashed across the bridge and disappeared over the plain and away into the woods beyond, on their way, no doubt, to the residence of Petronovitch, the old palace of the Provincial Government. The Italian, with an involuntary prayer of thankfulness, now crept from his retreat and made his way back to the 28 BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. Ghetto. If he could only find shelter he knew that he could rely upon his fellow Jews to conceal him. He had such words of brotherly responsibility for them, sucli tokens of strength and power in the rings he wore upon his fingers, that he had only to find a corner to put hii head into to be sure that he might keep it there so long as it pleased God not to guide the hunters to his hiding- place. Changing his appearance in various little ways, in the hope of being able to pass the scrutinizing eyes of the poHceman who had seen him, and taking out his knife with a determined resolution of using it if necessary, he managed to reach the back streets of the Pale of Settlement without being observed. He could hear the sound of many voices in the distance, and there were lights in some of the humblest of the half mud and wholly thatched homes of his fellow religionists. Beneath a heavy archway he noticed at a corner of one of the streets a more than usually spacious house, the door open, a lamp burning in the outer hall, and he entered. It was evidently the home of poverty, large as was the house, unless it was one of those instances of opulence which often in Jewish quarters hides itself in back rooms behind squalid exteriors. Passing through the outer room, ill-furnished and of evil smell, Ferrari heard someone speaking in the next apartment. Laying his head to the ground, he came to the conclusion that two persons were in the room, a man and a woman. Going back to the entrance to the house, he closed the door, drew the bolt behind him, passed through the outer hall, then boldly lifted the latch of the further room and entered. Raising his right hand with an eloquent benediction, he invited, nay commanded, aid and sympathy, both of which he received, and at once. BV ORDER OF THE CZAR. 29 The home he had entered was the house of Moses Grunstein, who lived with his young wife and one servant in the utmost seclusion that was possible in the Ghetto. He had married a second time, had no children, was rich in this world's goods, and was honored and respected. He carried on a large general business, and had made money by dint of saving his profits and lending them at fair usance to his Russian neighbors, and to the landowners of the district. Few persons — never a Christian if he could help it — ever saw the inner glories of his house, where he lived in good style, surrounded with valuable articles of furniture and decoration, which rejoiced the heart of his young wife, Deborah, who was content to wear her jewels on high days and holidays, and in the intervals for her own pleasure in the private rooms of her husband's house. " A fugitive," said Moses, repeating Ferrari's explana- tion , " the friend of Joel Strackosch, of St. Petersburg, with a mission to the Rothschilds, in London, and the victim of a conspiracy of the Russian poHce. It were enough that thou art the esteemed guest of our brother Klosstock. For I have seen thee there." " Do you not know, then, what has happened ? " asked the Italian. '' Where ? When ? " " said the count. " Is it not so she is called?" " By those who desire to compliment her and her fatner s position," said the old man, "yes; but to-day she is de- throned, and her kingdom is like to be in ruins. There is no time to stand on ceremony, Sir Count. I gave you a sign and a word." " Well ? " • " Is it well ? " said the old man. " I am sorry for these Jewish people," said the count. " You encourage me. You are sorry for your country also ? " " Say on, but do not forget that the very trees and stones have ears and tongues in these days." '' And I will trust you," said the old man. *' I am An- drea Ferrari. I bring messages for you if I think it wise to deliver them. The brethren did not quite know how to regard you." " Since you have placed yourself in my hands, were I otherwise than their friend I respond to your trust — confi- dence for confidence. You have had a narrow escape j your peril is by no means over." 48 ^y ORDER OF THE CZAR. '* I am not thinking of myself, but of these poor people ; more particularly this girl, her father, and the rabbi. Can anything be done for them ? " " I fear me not. Petronovitch is cruel by nature and by policy ; Poltava is in disgrace for his leniency ; and your arrest, the death of one of the Emperor's officers at your hands, and in the Jew's house, so entirely justifies the change of Governors and policy that Petronovitch is mas- ter of the situation, and will be encouraged to take a big revenge. We are under martial law, and he hates the Jews ; indeed, it is hard to say whom he loves." " I will follow the girl Anna," said the old man ; " good day. Sir Count." ^^ Au revoir I" responded the count. "Let us meet soon." It was wonderful with what rapidity the old man, our unfortunate friend Ferrari, got over the ground. He soon disappeared in the wood ; and meanwhile Count Straven- sky cantered into the town of Czarovna, which he found under the influence of strange and disturbing incidents. CHAPTER VIII. THE AWFUL NEWS THAT CAME TO CZAROVNA. Within the few months previous to the change of Gov- ernors in the province of Vilnavitch, the chief towns and villages of Southern Russia were ablaze with riot, violence, and bloodshed. In the provinces of Cherson, Ekaterin- solav, Poltawa, Taurida Kiew, Czeringow, and Podolia there had spread like wildfire the idea that the Jews and their property had been handed over to the tender mercies of the populace, an idea that seemed almost justified by the inertness of the Governor-General in his treatment o£ the riots at Elizabethgrad and Kiew. BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. 49 The Times in London made a statement to this effect, and gave particulars of some of the outrages ; and London knew more about what was going on in the unhappy towns of Southern Russia than was known even a few miles from them. And no wonder that the news traveled tardily to Czarovna, for here neither Jews nor Christians interested themselves in political or other affairs outside their own town, which was a model of good government and excep- tional in its general contentment. Several towns had been wrecked, many a Jewish woman outraged, many a poor Jew slaughtered, before the full importance of the awful tidings reached Czarovna, the first agents of trouble arriving in the prosperous town on the very night of the attempted arrest of Ferrari. In each instance of the risings, agents had arrived in the towns with copies of an alleged ukase empowering His Imperial Majesty's orthodox subjects to seize all the pro- perty of the Jews and put down all resistance of the transfer. The mayor of one town actually read this pro- clamation in public, and the place was only saved by the wisdom and courage of the chief priest, who denounced the ukase as a forgery and forbade the townspeople to act upon it ; but at many other towns and villages near by it was literally interpreted, and the property of the Jews was taken over, in some cases partly destroyed, and the transfer accompanied with barbarities and ruffianisms unknown in this age outside Russia. Children were roasted alive. Women w^re outraged in the presence of their offspring. Men were murdered ruthlessly and without giving the victims a chance of defence. At one place women appeared among the assailants and assisted the men in their devilish orgies and crimes. But it is not within the . province of this narrative to enter into the details of these barbarisms, which are duly recorded in the newspapers of the time. The statistics of the terror are appalling, and the worst ^^ 4 so BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. feature of the whole affair was the barbarities committed against the Jewish women ; even the Czar's commanding officers seeming to think the honor and Hves of the poor creatures of no account, so small were the efforts which they made to temper the brutalities of the rioters, who were fre- quently supported and aided by the soldiers and police. The latest phase of the blind passions of the Christian Russians was that of arson. So common did the vengeance of fire become that the mujiks gave it the name of the red cock. This is the technical term of the peasants for the deliberate firing of towns. The red cock crowed over many a Jewish place of settlement ; and within the short time of the riots, which came to an end only at Czarovna, a hundred thou- sand Jewish families were homeless, and their property, to the extent of sixteen million pounds, either taken from them or destroyed. And the date of these events was not later than 1881. There was one beautiful exception to the generality of the success of the ukase. It was a small unsophisticated town, something like Czarovna ; the Christians called upon their Jewish neighbors and warned them of what was going on, telling them that the agents and rioters from an adjacent village which had been sacked were coming on to them, and saying, " Now if it is true that the Emperor has given your property over to his orthodox subjects it will be better for you to let your neighbors take it than have it wrested from you by strangers, and if the ukase is not true we can hand you your property back again." So when the band of thieves and rioters came to that town they found the Christian inhabitants already in possession of their neighbors' houses, shops, and goods. In this instance the demon of blood and fire and plunder was outwitted ; he had to pass on, and in due course the Jews got their pro- perty back again. The Government took no action in denying the forged B YlORDE'RrOF THE CZAR: 5 1 ukase, but after the outbreaks'/issued a Commission of Inquiry in such form and* with such instructions as made the persecution of the Jews seem justifiable ; and such added restrictions have followed the commission that the Rus so-Jewish question is summed up by a great pubUcist of the day in these words : '* Are three and a half millions of human beings to perish because they are Jews ? " The answer, judged by the present active policy in Russia, is '' Yes." All of which the present narrator hopes will not discount the reader's interest in the house of Klosstock and the doomed community of Czarovna, whence by-and-bye we shall travel to London, there to pick up other human interests and human fates, that are strangely linked with such of the actors in these opening scenes as may not fall victims to the lust and greed of their assailants, and the tyrannical and cruel despotism of the Government. CHAPTER IX. THE CRY OF A BROKEN HEART. General Petronovitch had finished a hasty meal, and was smoking a cigar over some heavy red wine, when Anna was announced. " The Jew merchant's daughter," said his military servant. " I told her you could not give audience to any- one." "You are a fool!" " Yes, your Highness," said the man j " I said I would inquire if you had leisure." '' Admit her ; see that we are not disturbed." The man withdrew. The General smiled and drained a tumbler to the dregs. " By the mass, a pleasant encounter ; I would not have 52 BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. wished for a more agreeable visit. She comes to beg for her lover." " Paulofif," he cried, ringing a bell which had been placed by the side of his cigar box, "Pauloff." The attendant returned. " Listen." ** Yes, your Excellency." " If I call you and give you an order to postpone the punishment of the man Losinski, in presence of this Jew girl, you will not deliver it. Do you understand ? written or verbal, do you understand } " " Yes, your Excellency. She is here.'* " Let her come in. Guard the door without ; admit no one." The attendant bowed, and Anna entered the room. " No, no ; you may not kneel to me," said Petronovitch, advancing towards her. " Mercy for the rabbi ! Save my father," said Anna. "It can be no gladness to you to bring such terrible suffering upon us, it can do no good to our great Emperor ; better it would be to take our money, our jewels, our property ^ that will buy soldiers clothes, feed your poor, make your ladies happy ; take it, give us our lives and liberty — we ask no more." She was almost out of breath with the utterance of her little speech, that she had formulated in her despair as she entered the old palace of the local government. " My dear young lady," said Petronovitch, and the courteous words chilled her, "do not distress yourself; I am not the tyrant your Losinski would make out ; but I owe a duty to my Imperial master. I do not want your money, nor does my Government ; we only want peace and order. We are pained to find such reputable persons as your father harboring a conspirator who, on being arrested, cut the throat of our Imperial master's officer and escaped by BV ORDER OF THE CZAR. 53 the connivance of your father, the master of the house ; and when we are in our most generous mood of narrowing justice down to the criminal only, and considering the previous good conduct of his associates, the rabbi, a learned and scholarly man, incites his flock against us the Governor, and denounces us as the corrupt and cruel agent of a corrupt and unjust Government." He knew not what he said, your Excellency ! " Anna exclaimed. ** Oh, forgive him — His Greatness the Czar has no truer subject ; mercy ! oh, be merciful ! " " Be seated, child, and let us talk the matter over." Remaining standing until now, he offered her a chair and sat down himself. " Do not ask me to sit ; when I flew here for succor they were dragging the rabbi through the streets I know not where, and they said he was condemned to a punish- ment worse than death. Great God ! while I stand here he may be suffering." She turned upon Petronovitch her pale, frightened face, her eyes ablaze with excitement and terror. '' Oh, sir, spare him ! Hark ! I hear his voice ; he calls me — he is dying ! " " This is madness ; listen, my poor girl, I will spare him. There ! he is saved ! " " Heaven bless you," she cried and seized his hand and kissed it. " God will bless you. But how is he to know you will spare him ? How will they know he is to be saved ? " " If you will promise to be quiet and remain here, and let me know your wishes and not distress yourself, you shall hear the order given for the postponement of his punishment, and you shall yourself bear away with you the order for his release." "■ Bless you," said the girl, her eyes now filling with tears as she staggered to a seat. 54 ^y ORDER OF THE CZAR. " Pauloff," called the General, ringing his bell. The attendant entered, Anna looked up. " Pauloff, bring me pen and ink." Pauloff went to a cabinet and brought the writing mate- rials. Petronovitch wrote upon a sheet of paper, folded it and handed it to Pauloff with these words — " An order for the postponement of the punishment of the rabbi Losinski ; send a messenger to the commander of the prison forth- with." Anna covered her face with her hands and wept tears of joy. " Will you read the order, madame } " said Petrono- vitch, showing it to her. " No, no, I trust you." " And the messenger will inform the commander that the order for Losinski's release shall follow, you under- stand?" " Yes, your Excellency," the man replied, leaving the room, Petronovitch following and quietly raising the portiere to bolt the door. " There, we are not so black as we are painted, are we ? " he said, approaching Anna, and laying his hand upon her shoulder. *' You are very merciful," she said. Petronovitch took a seat by her side. " And what is to be my reward for all this, and the much more I am to do for you ? " " Eternal thanks and prayers, and the blessed conscious- ness of a great act of charity ! " "Just so," he said, his sensual face paling with the emotion of an unholy passion. " And so you are to marry the rabbi ? " " Yes," said Aima, permitting his near approach without a movement one way or the other, willing, poor creature, to submit to some amount of insult for those she loved. BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. 55 " He is to be envied," said Petronovitch, stealing his arm round her. •> '^ Your Excellency is pleased to be merry after your act of goodness," Anna replied. " I am pleased with you, too, and I hope you are not displeased with me ? " *' You are very good ; I owe you a deep debt of grati- tude." '* It is easily paid," he said, taking her hand in his hot grasp. " It can never be sufficiently acknowledged," she said, now moving a little way from him ; " my father and my future husband will never cease to bless you." " I prefer to be in your thoughts," he said, his hot lips close to her own, " and in your arms," and he kissed her roughly, brutally. She struggled free from his grasp, but did not lose her self-control nor upbraid him, as he expected she would. " You propose too much honor for a poor Jewess ; pray now, sir, permit me to withdraw," was all she said. " You are worthy of an emperor," he said : ** no Chris- tian is more beautiful." *' But your Excellency knows I am to be married to one of my own people." She would not allow him to think for a moment that she believed he intended anything more than to make love to her with a view to marriage. *' You may not marry a Jewess, be she ever so wealthy." " Oh yes, I may," he said , " we are not so particular when beauty is in the case — such beauty as yours." She retreated before him ; he followed her. " I frighten you. Nay, let us talk about that release ; I have only to write it." She stood still and allowed him to approach her ; she permitted him to take her hand ; he led her to a couch of skins. ^6 BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. *' Now let me go, dear sir," she said, in her gentlest voice, " and I will come again to morrow." '* You make me jealous of the very man I am about to release," he said, his arm about her waist once more. " Let me see him free," she said, her heart beating, every nerve strained with fear and apprehension, '' and I will come to you the next moment." " Nay, my darling, I cannot spare you," he said rough- ly, taking her into his arms and half stifling her, his hot breath upon her cheek, but the next moment she was free, and the knife Ferrari had given her flashing above her head, the fire of a tigress in her eyes. " Let me go, or call in your servant to carry out my corpse." For a second Petronovitch was checked. But he was not daunted, either by the knife or by Anna's threats, though he pretended to be. " Forgive me," he said. " I had an idea that you Jewish girls were kind and generous. I had no idea you carried such formidable greetings for lovers as that. We are to know more of each other before we are friends ? Well, so be it. Forgive me, and I forgive you. Put up your knife, and keep your promise, for I am now going to put your word to the test — the moment you see him free, you will come to me ? " "I said so," Anna replied, off her guard and replacing her knife in her bosom, as Petronovitch took up his pen to write the order for Losinski's release. But Anna had not gauged the fiendish deceit of the man she had hoped to content with such complaisance as she had struggled to permit herself in her desperate case. "I give you my word," he said, '* I will not molest you. Be seated. I only now desire to have your rabbi released that I may see how you ladies of the chosen people keep your word." BY ORDER OF THE CZAR, 57 Entirely accepting this view of the case as the denoue- ment of her visit, Anna sat down and calmly awaited the order for her lover's release. Petronovitch, having written, read it to her, and as she held out her hand for it he flung his arms round her, snatched the knife from her bosom, and at the moment that angry voices were heard in altercation at the door (one of them the voice of Ferrari), he dragged her into an adjoining room, where the'crash of a heavy door closing behind her silenced — except, let us hope, for heaven — the cry of a broken heart. CHAPTER X. THE DEATH-BLOW OF THE KNOUT. « It seemed as if the curse of the Lord had fallen upon the house of Klosstock and upon all the chosen of Czarovna. The light was suddenly gone out. That good Providence which for years had watched over the ghetto now turned from it, and there fell upon it the winter of misery, perse- cution and death. They bowed them to the east and prayed for succor, and there came fire and sword from the west. In the middle of the night when Anna was held in a terrible bondage Nathan Klosstock was fettered and re- moved. Morning saw him on his way to the House of Preventive Detention at St. Petersburg, ai route for what is called administrative exile This kind of captivity has for the authorities none of the inconveniences of public or even private trial. The prisoner disappears from the world. Neither friend nor foe may know him again. It is possible for his identity to be as thoroughly wiped out in this way as if he were secretly murdered and buried in an unknown grave. He has been changed from a man into a 58 BY ORDER OF THE CZAR, number, from a human being into a caged animal. If Heaven is merciful, he will, in a little time, be attacked with some fatal disease, and so be released from the benevolent judicature of the only country which has abolished capital punishment — abolished it as a fiend might, with his forked tongue in his cheek. And when that same morning broke upon Czarovna, in the Province of Vilnavitch, Heaven appeared to be more than angry with its servant, Klosstock, and its minister, the learned Losinski, for it made its sun to shine gloriously throughout the land. The radiant ruler of the day lighted up the gruesome procession that formed and marched from the district prison to the place of punishment. The platform of the executioner was set up opposite the barracks of the hussars, and was supported by a company of the Imperial troops. In the police cart Losinski, half naked and bound, was supported by two gaolers, and at the barracks he was literally handed to the executioner, for he was still in a condition of mental and physical collapse. To this extent God had been kind to his poor servant, who, despite his nobility of nature and his intellectual strength, did not possess the qualifications for martyrdom. Among the crowd was Ferrari, in the disguise of the Moscow banker, and with the Moscow banker's passport in his pocket. It was he whose voice was heard at the doors of the Governor on the previous day, and he had had a narrow escape of detention ; but the judgment to know when to speak and when to be silent, and the discre- tion to know how to use money and when, had kept Ferrari free from the hard hand of the enemy, though neither his judgment, his discretion, nor his power had enabled hirii to help Anna. It was with a heavy heart that he had returned to Czarovna and communed with his friend Moses Grunstein who had counselled him to bribe the executioner not to BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. 59 spare Losinski, but with merciful consideration to kill him outright. Such as German de Lagny described the punishment of the knout twenty years ago, so is it to-day, for Russia is singularly conservative in its Imperial despotism. A man is condemned to receive, say fifty or a hundred lashes. He is dressed in a pair of linen drawers, his hands tied together, the palms flat against each other, and he is laid upon his face, on a frame inclined diagonally, at the extremities of which are fixed iron rings. His hands are fastened to one end of the frame, his feet to another. He is then stretched in such a way that he cannot move, " just as an eel's skin is stretched in order to dry." His bones crack and are dis- located under this operation. Five and twenty paces away stands the public executioner, attired in a colored cotton shirt, velvet trousers (stuffed into a pair of jack- boots), his sleeves tucked up over bare brawny arms. He grasps his dreadful instrument in both hands. It is a thong of thick leather cut in a triangular form, four or five yards long and an inch wide, tapering off at one end and broad at the other. The small end is fastened to a wooden handle or whipstock about two feet in length. It is akin to the buffalo whip of the Western States of America, the crack of which is like the discharge of small artillery. The signal given, the executioner advances a few steps, bends his athletic body, grasping the knout in his two strong hands, the long lash dragging like a snake along the ground, and between his legs. Within three paces of the victim he flings the creeping lash above his head, then with a curious cruel knack lets it twirl for a moment before bringing it down, upon the naked object, around which it twines with malignant force — " in spite of its state of tension, the body bounds as if it were submitted to the powerful grasp of galvanism." Retracing his steps, the executioner repeats the stroke with clock-like regu- 6p BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. larity, until the prescribed number of blows is counted. It is a ghastly sight ; the present narrator will spare the reader a detailed description of its horrors. But in Russia where so much may be purchased for gold, and indeed where so much must be purchased — the venality of every official class being notorious all over the world — the family of the wretch condemned to the knout may buy from the executioner what he calls the death-blow ; in that case, the operator slays the victim at the very first stroke " as surely as if it were an axe that he held in liis hand." The drums had beaten, the Governor and his officers had taken their places around the scaffold — for the knout is administered with much ceremony, more especially when the punishment is intended for a salutary warning during some political crisis — the crowd, awe-stricken, yet anxious to see the awful exhibition, were holding their breath with fear, the lash was writhing through the air, when a mad woman tore her way through the crowd, her hair all disheveled, her face white as her bare arms, her eyes bloodshot. But the sensation she created did not stay the flying lash. It came down with the thud of death upon the body of Losinski. The very life was beaten out of him. Ferrari knew it. Grunstein knew it. The exe- cutioner knew it. But Anna only saw the lash swing and fall, stroke after stroke, while she fought with the crowd, and at last was seized upon by Ferrari and Grunstein in the hope of saving her from the police. " Are ye men ? " she cried, when for a moment she was at rest, " Oh, my brothers, will you stand by and see your master murdered? Great God, curse this cruel host of the fiendish Czar?" *< Peace, daughter, for Heaven's sake ! " urged Grunstein. '< Anna ! " whispered Ferrari. "Yonder!" she cried. ''Look at him — the false governor, the traitor, the liar, the Christian Tarquin I BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. 6l A few men of the ghetto gathered about her threaten- ingly, for the Jews of Czarovna, through many years of something approaching to freedom, were not altogether devoid of courage, and at once, half crazy as she was, Anna seemed to see her advantage. " Men of the ghetto ! " she cried, " look to your wives and daughters. You knew me a pure, good woman; your vile governor Petronovitch has put upon me an ever- lasting curse j avenge me, for the love of your women and babes ! " *' Down with the Governor Petronovitch ! " shouted the imbecile who had betrayed Losinski. And the knout continued to fall upon the dead rabbi. When the last blow was struck there was a movement towards the crowd where Anna was haranguing them, and this was encountered by a hostile rush of the multitude that had now gathered about the outraged woman. The Governor could be seen giving orders. Several officers left his side and made for the spot where Anna was con- spicuous, her arms tossing to and fro above the crowd, her tall figure a rallying point for the riot, that now began with a quick ferocity, in defence of the wretched queen of the ghetto, to capture whom it was at once seen was the object of the Governor's officers. All at once there was fighting, from one end of the street to the other. The foremost band was led by the imbecile, who fairly leaped upon the police as they charged the crowd, only, however, to be transfixed by a bayonet thrust. Anna seemed to be the very centre and object of the riot. The men of the ghetto defended her with a devotion that was as noble as it was ill-advised and futile. It is true that several of the Imperial troops and police bit the dust, but the Jews fell by the score, and before Losinski's body was removed from the scaffold and carried as a matter of form to the hospital, a fresh company of 62 BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. troops came marching out from the barracks. The Jews retreated to their homes, and the populace, influenced by the agents who had arrived at Czarovna the night before from the east with the false ukase, began to rise against their Semitic neighbors. CHAPTER XL PANDEMONIUM. Beaten back and retreating, the Jews left their forlorn sister as needs must to the mercy of the Governor. Un- satiated with the blood of Losinski, in a passion of brutal rage he condemned Anna to the lash, and to instant punishment. In the midst of the red excitement of the moment, men's passions alive with fear, terror and vengeance, with the sound of musketry following the retiring Jews, and with the murmur of a gang of prisoners whom the hussars were dragging towards the Governor, Petronovitch's inhuman order was given, and Anna was stripped to receive fifty strokes of the knout. There were Russian women on the scene, the wives of some of the officials ; they are supposed to attend such terrible functions as the knout on special occasions, for the purpose of assisting to emphasize a public deter- rent example offered on such occasions for the benefit of the people. They had borne the sight of the rabbi's death with the nerve of official dignity. But a palpable mur- mur of horror and protest was heard among them as they reaUzed what was about to happen to Anna. The Count Stravensky, venturing on the spur of the moment to make an appeal to the Governor on behalf of the woman, received a prompt and significant snub : "^ Are we to maintain the authority of the Government or not? Is BV ORDER OF THE CZAR. 63 open defiance, and in presence of the officers of the law itself, making riot under the very banner of his Imperial Majesty nothing, Sir Count ? Begone, sir, to your home ! " As the count, biting his lips, moved away, Anna Kloss- tock, stripped to the waist, was laid upon the reeking frame to receive her punishment. From such of the crowd as were left, Jew and Gentile, a cry of horror went up to heaven, but the sun shone brightly and the measured beat of the executioner upon the peeling flesh fell stroke by stroke fifty times. The quivering body was then carried with a strong escort of soldiers to the hospital, and the riots of Czar- ovna began in downright earnest. " Better we take their goods than the strangers from Elizabethgrad," said some of the Christian townsfolk. Others remembered wrongs or imaginary wrongs which they had suffered at the hands of their neighbors. The mujiks thought of the money they owed the Jews. Others were fired with a sort of patriotic zeal, preferring to believe that the Emperor wished them to take over their property. " They are delivered into our hands by the Government," said the agents of the other risings against the Hebrews. ^ Outside the ghetto, the Jews' houses were sacked without much defence ; they were mixed up with the wooden and mud houses of their Christian neighbors. The beer- houses and taverns were occupied with ignorant throngs, who, having drunk themselves into a frenzy, presently sal- lied out into the ghetto, mad, wild, irresponsible savages. The Jews fortified themselves in their houses and fought for their lives— fought with knives and staves, and here and there with firearms ; but as a rule they had little or no knowledge of guns and pistols, and while they had the instinct of self-preservation to push them on, their assail- ants were fired with drink and greed, and stimulated with a natural barbarity. The more their cruel passions were 64 BY ORDER OF THE CZAR, fed, the more they desired ; and Pandemonium was let loose. A woman with her babe, because she stood before her son, a youth who had fought against the entrance of the mob into her room, had the child dragged from her arms and its brains dashed out before her face, herself being subjected to the last insults that men-fiends can offer to helpless women. At the lodging of Losinski, on the other hand, the woman of the house received the leader of the attack with a coal hammer, and laid him dead at her feet, at which the mob passed on and left her. The keeper of the synagogue, whither many timid Jews had sought sanctuary, fought the mob single-handed upon the stairway, until he fell covered with wounds. Klosstock's house was ransacked without even a show of protest. " Thine ox shall be slain before thine eyes, and thou shalt not eat thereof; thine ass shall be violently taken away from before thy face, and shall not be restored to thee ; thy sheep shall be given unto thine enemies, and thou shalt have none to rescue them. Thy sons and thy daughtersi shall be given unto another people, and thine eyes shall look and fail with longing for them all the day long ; and there shall be no might in thy hand. It did not enter into the divine invention of mischief to curse his rebellious people with the knout and the dungeon, the husband torn from the wife, the daughter stripped and flogged in the market place, the babe dashed to pieces in sight of the mother, brutal might everywhere triumphant, virtue, modesty and right trodden in the gutter, spat upon, massacred. But such has it been of late with the Jews in Russia ; such it is feared will be again. Is it, then, a matter for wonder that so many of the Nihilistic authors of anti-Russian books have been Jews ? Is it surprising that the Jews have aided the propaganda BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. 65 against the Russian Government ? Under such disabilities is there anything astonishing in the fact that there is a good deal of wretchedness, knavery, dirt, squalor, and deceit among the commoner class of Jews in Russia ? What kind of a miracle would it be that, in spite of persecution, stripes, murder, enforced penury and hunger, with debarred constitutional, social, or any other rights, except now and then to see the light of heaven, should raise a people to the level of the masses of free countries, such as England and America ? CHAPTER XII. vows OF VENGEANCE. The Count Stravensky rode homewards with a conflict of many harassing feelings stirring his heart. He would have done much to save Anna Klosstock. Ever since he had met her on the road to the old palace of the Government, her face had been continually before him. Had he been a man of a stronger will, he would probably have prevented her from going to that fatal house. But he knew his own weakness ; it was not so much want of courage as the knowledge that he was not a true subject of the Czar j true to Russia, yes — but untrue to his oath of allegiance, untrue to his order, and would have been openly hostile if any good could have come of it. Meanwhile, however, he was one of the powers behind the popular movement of the time, and with the hope that the day would come when he might strike a blow for liberty in open daylight and lay down his life, if need be, to some purpose, to sacrifice himself now either to suspi- cion or to personal malice would be a useless waste of power and possibility. Count Stravensky had already been able to help on the 66 BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. chances of the coming of that glorious future of which many patriots were dreaming, and he knew better than to forfeit his place and position voluntarily and to no good. But for the knowledge that he was already deeply com- promised and might be charged at any moment, though he had every reason to believe his secret was well kept, he would have resisted the Governor's arrogant order. It would have been an inopportune moment to have defied the administrative authority — the town on the eve of open revolt, the Governor anxious to signalize the opening of his government. The count ground his teeth and vowed to himself as speedy a vengeance as a calm discretion would permit him to take in the interest of the great cause to which he was secretly pledged. He had been publicly insulted ; but that was as nothing compared with the outrage which had been committed upon the beautiful girl with whom he had spoken on the previous day upon the road he was now traversing. While he bit his lips and clenched his right hand with rage and indignation, the tears streamed down his rugged cheeks, as the two pictures of human misery rose up before him — the pale, lovely face of the Jew's daughter as he had seen her on the previous day, her great violet eyes full of mute appeal, her bronzed locks in picturesque masses about her face, her red lips and white teeth, her fine noble figure, and the mad, bloodshot eyes that had met his gaze near the scaffold, to which she had been brutally and ruthlessly condemned. '' Are we men or fiends that we can do such deeds ? What sort of miserable cowards are we to stand by and see them done ? " His hand upon his sword, he turned his horse in the direction of the once happy but now wretched town of Czarovna, but only to wheel round again and continue his ride home. He resolved, however, if the poor creature £V ORDER OF THE CZAR, 67 lived through her terrible punishment, and escaped Siberia, or were vouchsafed years enough to pass the ordeal of both knout and Siberia, he would do something towards making the remainder of her life bearable. And he recalled to mind the case of Madame Lapukin, who, some hundred years before, was flogged almost to death, her tongue torn out, and then skillfully saved from death to be sent to Siberia, whence she was released by Peter the Third when she was an old woman. This awful example gave the count a passing hope that if Anna did not die, as he prayed she might, he would, in some way, be able to help her, if it were only to make her a witness of the downfall and punishment of Petronovitch ; for of the Governor's ultimate ruin and death he felt a moral certainty, and he humbly asked God to save him a red hand in this. They all prayed, you will observe, on whichever side they were. Even Petronovitch knelt publicly and helped the priest to give thanks for the discovery of plots against the Czar and the punishment of the instigators thereof. If the Divine Power were one that could be influenced by th^se miscellaneous petitions, what a complication of investigation would be involved in the answering of their conflicting requests ? But God's laws against tyranny, persecution, murder, are irrevocable ; they are often slow of operation, but in the end the wrongdoers are punished. The end may seem to us long in coming ; it is not so when we remember what atoms we are, and that our lives are only as a moment in the longevity of God and the great world Stravensky, among other things, came to the conclusion that his life and work would be of more value to the cause of Liberty, and his chance of success against Petronovitch greater, if he lived in St. Petersburg ; and when he reached his estate and sat down to converse with his steward he 68 £y ORDER OF THE CZAR. informed him that he had resolved to let his property in the province of Vilnavitch, the governorship of which was no longer to his liking, and take up his abode in St. Peters- burg. He did not give his faithful servant any further information, but he had in his heart a big scheme of intrigue against Petronovitch, and in favor not only of the Jews but of Holy Russia. Possessed of greath wealth, he would devote it now in earnest to the great cause ; he would lay himself out for popularity ; he would seem to be a Royalist of the Royalists \ he would win his way to the Czar's confidence ; he would be a social and political power, in order that he might the easier swoop to his revenge, and be all the more able at the right time to turn and rend the personages with whom he would make a pre- tence of friendship. How far the part which the count proposed to himself was a noble one the reader must judge for himself; how far he succeeded in his plans of patriot- ism and vengeance the narrator will inform the reader in due course. If Andrea Ferrari had been the arch-fiend of evil him- self, he felt that he could not have brought more calamities upon his friends than had befallen them, as he conceived, through his unconscious agency. While he upbraided him- self, he nevertheless could not but be conscious of the fact that after all he had only hastened the troubles that were about to fall upon Czarovna. Given Petronovitch for Governor, and the agents of the false ukase in the town, something terrible must have happened sooner or later ; at the same time, but for him there might have been time to save Anna and the rabbi and Nathan Klosstock. These thoughts raced through his mind even at the height of the rioting about the scaffold. His usual grip left him. He hesitated and was lost — or rather saved ; for had he not hesitated he would have rushed into action,, and to what purpose ? The knout, imprisonment, or death ! BV ORDER OF THE CZAR. 69 When Anna was captured he was borne away with the retreating crowd to the ghetto, pressed upon by the sol- diers, and presently hustled and struck by the gathering rioters and agents of the false ukase, who were already assembling in the streets of the Jewish quarter. With a deep vow of vengeance against Petronovitch, he hurried on to the assistance of Grunstein, and with a view to reach the good old Jew's hiding-place. Pushing open the front door, leading through the porch into the house, he found Grunstein, torn, tattered and bleeding, his wife bathing his temples. The threatening cry of the mob could be heard from far away. It was like the first booming of the coming storm. It would come nearer and nearer every minute, until it fell with a crash, and with lightning and sudden death in it. Ferrari locked and bolted every door behind him. " Bloodhounds," he growled between his teeth, " wait awhile ! " " I am not hurt ; it is nothing," said Moses Grunstein^ rising as he spoke. " Deborah was alarmed, but it is nothing ; would that I might have died to save that poor victim of our neighbor Klosstock ! " '* We are indeed a cursed race," exclaimed Ferrari. " To-day, it is true, our Father Abraham is on the side of the Philistines," said Moses Grunstein. " 'And thy life shall hang in doubt before thee ; and thou shalt fear day and night, and shalt have none assurance of thy life.' The curse is upon us." " But He shall yet bring us to the land which our fathers possessed," said Deborah, " and do us good, and we shall be blessed." Deborah not only comforted her husband with plaster for his body, but with plaster for his perturbed mind. '' That will do," said Ferrari. " I expect, the truth be- ing known, the Lord has nothing whatever to do with it, the 70 BY ORDER OF THE CZAR, trouble is somehow in ourselves ; but, mistress, where is your servant ? " " She is in my chamber, packing my jewels." " Call her down." Deborah called the maid, who came with a small box in her hand and a bundle of rich silk shawls on her arm. •' Listen," said Ferrari ; " listen, all of you ! The wolves are without, there is no time to lose. Is all prepared for our retreat ? " "All," said Grunstein. " Then let us waste no time." For the moment there was a lull outside ; it seemed as if the mob had passed on. " As if," said the old man,. divining Ferrari's thoughts, '* they had seen the ancient sign and we are saved." *' Did any one see you enter ? " ** When ? " asked the old man. " When we were separated, and you made for home." " I think not." " A stranger followed me," said Ferrari : " one of the agents of the rising — an Eastern man, I'll swear. I had nearly stabbed him on the doorstep ; but he can wait. Come, dear friends." '' I heard thee bar the doors ; we are safe, my son, at present ; let us refresh ourselves ; thou art pale, thy lips are dry." At a nod, Deborah^ his wife, brought wine and cakes from a little cabinet. '' I like your courage, old friend," said Ferrari, ** it re- bukes me ; my nerves are shaken." '' I know how easy it is to retire to those chambers within," said Grunstein, " and there is no need to run now." " Would to Heaven we might have stood yonder by that scaffold," said Ferrari ; " surely, after all, it would have been BV ORDER OF THE CZAR, 71 best to die like the idiot, who atoned nobly for his betrayal of Losinski." " That did he," said the old man. " It is hard for me to persuade myself that I am not as guilty of Losinski's death as the suborned witness was," said Ferrari. **' It was I who brought the police spy upon the house of Klosstock ; my intention was to warn and save — instead of that I was the trail the bloodhounds followed ; the face of Anna Klosstock will haunt me to my dying day ; I only consent to live that I may stab Petronovitch to death with the same ghastly memory uppermost in his black heart. Hush ! did you not hear a noise in the outer hall ? " As he spoke there was a hurrying of feet in the street outside, then the crash of a window, followed by the report of firearms. " They are coming," said Deborah, creeping to the side of the old man. " Yes," he said, '' have no fear ; all will be well." " Pray God it may," Deborah answered. " Go forward with the shawls and jewels," said the old man, addressing the girl; '' and be not afraid." " I am not afraid." said the maid, " now that our guest has come." Ferrari smiled and bowed. '' Madame," he said, turning to the mistress, " I hope my sojourn under your roof will bring you better fortune than my presence at the Kloss- tocks has brought to them and theirs." "You blame yourself without a cause, my generous Moses says, and I can well believe it." " You may trust to my good intentions," Ferrari replied ; " you shall also find me grateful." " We are in the hands of God ! " she answered. "Amen ! " said the old man. A thundering at the outer door was the defiant reply of the mob to these pious ejaculations. 72 BV ORDER OF THE CZAR. " Come," said Ferrari, and they followed him at once. " Now, my friend," continued the guest, " we will escort the women to safety." The old man rose and led the way. Ferrari locked and bolted each door as they went along ; intending, neverthe- less, to return and unbolt some of them, for it was not in human nature to slink away and not strike one blow for his friends and the bleeding cause of Freedom. Arrived at the well, the women were soon placed beypnd danger. *' And now, good friend," said Ferrari, " do thou await me here ; descend, keep watch at the entrance below, and I will join you anon." / Grunstein begged him to run no further risk, but rather make good his retreat and safety. Ferrari made no answer, but laying aside his Jewish gabardine and the wig and beard of the Moscow- banker, turned up his sleeves to the elbow. CHAPTER XIII. A GREAT FIGHT ; BUT THE RED COCK CROWS OVER THE GHETTO. The entrance to the well, which was the narrow way to the underground palace of the wise old Jew, was a small open square or yard leading into the back of the Grunstein warehouse or store room, a not very safe place if the mob made their way through the strong iron-bound door that gave upon it. But Ferrari was master of the situation, seeing that, go as far as he might through the premises, he had strong doors between him and the rioters, unless through any indiscretion arising out of his excitement they should score an advantage against him. The yard in ques- BY ORDER OF THE CZAR, 73 tion was unapproachable from without, seeing that on one side it was shut in by the warehouse before-mentioned, .and on the other by the beginning of the overhanging rocks which were the commencement of that curious geo- logical formation the secret of which Moses Grunstein had discovered long ago, to his great satisfaction if not to his financial profit, Ferrari, with the master key of the place in his hand, being also on the right side of all the bolts and bars, stood in the little courtyard of the underground retreat, and listened. He had given the knife which had served ftim so well on the night of his escape from Klosstock's house to Anna — alas ! to so little purpose — but he had replaced it from Grunstein's store with a superb example of the cutler's art. It was not a dagger in the general acceptation of the term ; it was something between a butcher's knife and the stiletto of the Spaniard ; it had the fine temper of the latter with the strength of the former, and it rested in a heavy leathern sheath ; it had not the handle of the dagger, but was attached by a strap to the wrist. In a pocket upon Ferrari's hip was a revolver, and in his resolute eyes there was a whole armory of weapons ; for whatever one may have previously seen of the ugly side of Ferrari was as nothing compared with the murder- ous look there was now in his face as he stood listening for the mob, conscious of his power and full of a determin- ation to avenge on somebody the death of the rabbi and the almost worse than assassination of Anna Klosstock. Let us glance at him in the streak of sunny daylight that falls into the narrow gorge we have called the courtyard, between the well and the Grunstein warehouse. Wearing a coarse grey shirt of woolen texture, a pair of breeches with high boots, he is stripped for battle. He is of me- dium height, bony, lithe, some would say thin, and his muscles are of iron. His shirt is open at the throat, 74 BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. showing a shapely neck ; no Adam's apple in it, but strong muscular bands right and left ; his head well fixed upon the neck ; and one notes that, in repose and not under the tension of strong passion, head and shoulders would be singularly graceful, but now the head was stiffly borne up as if all the muscles of the body were strung for some big athletic action. His face at first blush would have struck you as more or less ascetic ; but there was something both sensual and sensuous in the mouth, and just now there was a drawing up and a twitching of the right corner of the upper lip that suggested the snarl of a dog that is going to bite. His eyes, black as night, only showed the whites, except that there was a touch of the sun by way of reflec- tion in the pupils, that made a lustrous suggestion of their depths. The forehead was square, and had two strong wrinkles above the nose and a decided scowl right across the frontal bone. He had torn off the disguise of beard and moustache, leaving only a short, downy moustache as black as his long hair that hung about his forehead and was in artistic harmony with his sun-tanned skin. It was the face of an enthusiast, with the cunning of the Jew and the hot passion in suppression of the Italian bravo. But when he stretched his two arms above his head, as if he were giving himself a pull together for a great leap, you could see that with all the fire of physical passion there was also present a capacity for restraining it until the time was ripe for action. He suggested the tiger getting ready for a spring. Behold him creep to the great door and fling it back upon its hinges. Behold him leave it wide open for easy egress. Behold him pass along to the next door and listen. He hears no sound. He draws the bolts, releases the bar. He is now in the midst of bales and boxes of skins and rich textiles. Still no sound? Yes. A mur- mur that is not faraway. He opens the next door; he is BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. 75 in the Jew's living room, the apartment where he and Grunstein had drunk confusion to the foe. The mob is at the door j they have broken down the two other doors, and are thundering at this. Ferrari draws his knife, kisses the blade and snarls. The mob have broken in one of the panels. There are two bolts on the upper half of the door. Ferrari undoes one of these, whereupon half the panel gives way, and there is a yell of triumph without, followed by a yell of pain. Two arms that were thrust into the opening have been instantly seized by Fer- rari in one bony hand, to be literally scored from wrist to elbow with red gashes that leave the flesh hanging like loose bandages. And now Ferrari's lips are red, for he has kissed his knife again, and he laughs like a maniac. " Come on, scum of the earth ! Don't be bashful. Come on ; there's zoom for all of you, and to spare ! " But they did not hear a word, although they had paused for a moment to let the wounded assailants fall to the rear. Bang, bang, crash came the blows upon the door, as if a very battering-ram of old had got to work. They were determined men, these ; not the sort who passed on because they met a strange resistance ; besides, they knew the value of Grunstein's store. Down came the top half of the door, and crash into the faces that looked in went Ferrari's knife amidst howls of pain and execration. And they saw Ferrari, those who were not blinded with his knife, and he laughed aloud, and yelled, and leaped, and flourished his weapon, and had nearly lost his life, as a consequence, the sharp crack of a pistol and the whiz of a bullet causing him at once to dodge his head and rush for the second room. He had only just time to swing the door upon the jambs and bolt and bar it when the mob were inside the next room and had flung them- selves upon the door ; but it was made of stronger and 76 BV ORDER OF THE C/.AR. sterner stuff than the other, and it had the additional pro- tection of an iron bar. *' Don't be a fool, Andrea," Ferrari said to himself, almost hissing the words, as if he were addressing some second person. *' Don't be a fool ; would you let them catch you and skin you alive? Don't be a fool, I tell you ! " His hand sought his hip pocket and then withdrew. "No, not yet," he said; ''you will empty your pistol at the last stand." The door was thick, but he thought, between the blows upon it, he could hear the ruffians dragging away the Grunstein bales ; he saw them indeed as much as heard them, in his imagination, gloating and yelling over their spoil, and maddened with the drink they must have found in the first room of the strange old house. The door cracked. He tightened his belt, examined his knife, gavi his shirt sleeves another roll above the elbow, that snarling curl of the upper lip showed one of his teeth, the one called the canine tooth, and his delicate nostrils dilated. How curiously the daintily-modelled nose seemed to contradict the sensuous and somewhat cruel mouth. A piece of the door flew past him in splinters followed by a shout of triumph, but no venturesome arm was thrust through the ragged aperture. Ferrari thought he recog- nized the voice of the man who had been a ringleader in the first rush upon the Jews near the scaffold — one of the strangers who had come into the town from Elizabethgrad. It was different from the voices and accent of the Czarovna men. Another aperture in the door was made, and it was as if the assailants had kept silence as a signal for their leader to speak. " Now, you rat, we've got you ; say your prayers, you filthy Jew." Yes, it was the voice of the ruffian who had come into Czarovna with the false ukase and the pistol and dagger. BV ORDER OF THE CZAR. 77 " Come and take me, then," said Ferrari, his face as near the hole as he dared to place it, and his voice as calm as if he were speaking to some one in the open street, and without fear. *' Make a hole big enough to let in one at a time, and I'll fight you all, you wretched canaille of the earth — cowards, thieves, cut-throats, and assassins of women ! " The challenge seemed to be accepted with a howl of anger and derision, and the blows at the door were renewed. They were now literally battering on the bar, and they made no way. Another pause ; but no arm came through the broken panel. " I'll open to you if you will thrust in your filthy leader,'* shouted Ferrari. "Open then," responded the stranger; and the mob gave a yell that was something in the nature of a cheer. At that moment some kind of reinforcement arrived, and it was as if a dozen men at one swing flung themselves upon the door armed with blacksmiths' hammers. The iron bar bent before the assault, the door shook upon its hinges. Ferrari glanced at his base of retreat, and held his breath. The blows were repeated again and again, and presently the timber began to give, and in an incautious moment a hand was thrust through to seize the bar with a view to lift it. In a moment the venturesome hand was almost severed from the wrist, and a cry rang out fierce enough to chill even the hot Italian blood of Ferrari — a cry not alone of one man, but of a score, a rasping howl of vengeance, followed the next moment with a renewed attack. That which struck the only note of fear in Ferrari's breast was the sudden firing of several muskets into the broken door. But he was as cunning as he was brave ; he only had one desire at the moment, and that was to have his hand on the leader of the gang. Silence followed 78 BV ORDER OF THE CZAR, the firing, and the Italian guessed its object and humored the hope of the foe. " You have done for me, you cowards," he screamed, and then gasped and fell heavily j but he was on his feet in a second, his knife clutched firmly in his right hand. " Ha, ha, ha ! " laughed the leader at the top of his voice, and the rest joined him in chorus — such a cruel, brutal laugh ! Then there was a scufile and a rush, and the next moment the leader squeezed his body through the half-open door, and in an instant was seized and dragged through the room, and beyond the next door and into the little courtyard of the Aladdin's Palace under- ground, the great door swinging back, with a closing and shutting of automatic bolts like the ring of doom. Before he could hardly breathe the man from Elizabethgrad was disarmed and stamped upon, " Wait, my friend, wait," said Ferrari, fastening the remaining bolts of the great door. The mob pouring into the breach of the previous door had evidently paused to look for the dead Ferrari and their live leader ; not finding them were puzzled, and before attacking the next barrier had spent some of their energies in ransacking the ware- house, which gave them a very satisfactory plunder. Meanwhile Ferrari, taking his opponent by the throat, raised him to his feet. He was a powerful, low-browed, shaggy-haired Russian, in a sheepskin jacket, worn, no doubt, more particularly to please the mujiks, for whose interests he professed to be fighting. He was dazed and stunned, but shook himself free of Ferrari, and looked at him with a threatening eye. "Well, Christian," said Ferrari. "Well thief, murderer, beast ! How will you die ? Will you be crucified ? That is a death you talk about a deal, you gentle religious folk. Ha, you brute, I have a great mind to lip you into a thousand pieces ! " B V ORDER OF THE CZAR, 79 Ferrari flashed his knife in the man's face. The Russian did not flinch. He fixed a dull gaze upon Fer- rari's bony face and sparkling eyes. " Give me a chance," at last said the leader from Elizabethgrad. " A chance to kill me ? " '' A chance of my life." *' Ho, ho ! " laughed Ferrari, *' do you ask a Jew to do that ? Do you ask a Jew who crucifies babies and makes sacrifices of Christians at his bloody feasts ? Do you ask me to save you ? " *' To save yourself," said the man, sullenly. "You will kill me, then?" ** They will," said the man, pointing to the closed door. ** Have you not read in what you call your Scriptures what the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob did for His people in the old days ? No reply. " Answer me, you thief, or I will stab you." " I have answered," the man replied. And now there began a fresh assault upon Ferrari's last barrier, and the long ears of the man from Elizabethgrad moved as a horse's might, and a tremor of hope ran through every muscle. " Your friends are coming ; are you not sorry you left them ? " said Ferrari with a sneer. Just as the spy in the opening chapter of these records lost his life to Ferrari's knife by a glance aside in a moment of victorious pride and cynicism, so for the twinkling of an eye was Ferrari off his guard with his unbound prisoner, 'who sprang at him and held him with the hug of a bear. Neither of them spoke. They fell to the ground with a thud ; they writhed ; Ferrari's knife fell from his grip, but it was still fastened to his wrist. He could not recover it within his hand ; his opponent was feeling for it, and also trying to seize Ferrari by his right wrist ; the fight on both So BY ORDER OF THE CZAR, sides concentrated in this. The man from Elizabethgrad held Ferrari in so strong a hug that the Italian could not move his hand sufficiently to clasp the handle of his knife. The Russian's knife and revolver were on the ground only a few yards away ; the man from Elizabethgrad was trying to drag Ferrari in their direction, but Ferrari had twined his strong muscular right leg round the two heavy limbs of the other wrestler, and worked it as a rudder ; and more- over his left hand was on the throat of his assailant, and he fairly gripped the wretch's windpipe as in a vice. At the same time the man from Elizabethgrad held Ferrari with a close persistence that only had to last long enough to be fatal, for it would in time have squeezed the very life out of him. And the thunder of the attacking party without fell upon the great door, fell upon it in measured strokes ; a veritable ringing file fire of blows, with now and then an added rush in force, that shook the timbers and drew forth grunts and screams from bolts and bars. These sounds were like bells of hopeful song to the man from Elizabethgrad, who under their inspiration made a sudden and almost superhuman effort, as also at the same moment did Ferrari, who with the breath nearly battered out of his body recovered his knife. Feeling the handle of it within his grasp was the one touch of magic needed for his salvation. With a sense of fainting coming over him, he made a last attempt to free his right arm. He had held on to his opponent's throat, who was also getting weak from approaching suffocation. It was the supreme moment for both of them. Ferrari wrenched his arm free, clutched his knife, drew it steadily upwards, thrust it into his opponent's side, and fainted. At the entrance to the retreat, just within the well, had stood awaiting the return of Ferrari his friend and host. Between his sighs and prayers he had heard all that had MV ORDER OF THE CZAR, %\ transpired in the little courtyard ; heard it and prayed and listened, looked up to the sky, and had seen nothing. Once he was on the point of ascending to the daylight, but hear- ing that Ferrari had a prisoner, who of course would be bound, did not consider his assistance necessary ; then he had gone back into the cavern to reassure Deborah and to bring some weapon away — he knew not why, so bewildered was he. When he returned all was still ; he heard, as he thought, hard breathing, and thought perhaps Ferrari had executed his prisoner, and was waiting to learn the outcome of the attack on the old house. " Andrea Ferrari 1 " he called in a soft voice. No reply. " Andrea ! " he exclaimed. No answer. Now louder, " Andrea Ferrari, my dear friend ! Art thou there } " Then the old man crept from his hiding-place and peered out above the coping stone of the well. There lay the two combatants. He issued forth and hurried to Ferrari. At the same time he glanced cautiously at the enemy, taking also the precaution to unsheathe the knife he had brought from his retreat. The Russian was dead. Ferrari moved and sighed. Moses Grunstein knelt down beside him and poured down his throat a measure of brandy from a flask at his girdle. The Italian sighed more deeply and opened his eyes. For a moment there was a look of agony in them; it gradually changed into a smile, and then he struggled painfully to his feet. At the same time the mob thundered upon the great oaken door with a din of terrible resolution. *' Come, my son, come ! " said the old man, " or we are loat." " Yes," said Ferrari ; ** thank God in the meantime that we are saved." As he looked up and uttered this brief prayer he turned the Russian over with his foot and spat upon the bleeding body. 82 BY ORDER OF THE CZAR, " Come — come," said Grunstein. Ferrari with a look of hatred in the direction of the mob stood aside while Grunstein descended the well. Then shaking his fist at the mob he could not see he followed his leader. Standing at the entrance to the approaches of the cave the old man said, " Now, my son, to perform a miracle. It has pleased God to afflict us sorely ; it has pleased Him at least to let His hand fall upon one of our persecutors ; it may please Him to save us for a happy future. For the present we are safe, and we shall emerge again free ; these storms of persecution and death come and go ; the fury past, there will be peace, and Moses Grunstein has some treasures left. Listen ; it is a powerful barrier, the last one, is it not? " " It laughs at them," said Ferrari. *' But it will give way anon," said the old man, "and then it cannot be that they will not examine the well ; possibly suspect its secret. So now for the miracle I told thee of." The old man took Ferrari by the hand. " A few steps to the left, my son." Passing to the left they went a few steps forward, and then the old man stopped. " What do you hear ? " asked Ferrari's host. " A rush of water." " It is the stream that passes through the cavern at the further end j a small stream, butconfined to a narrow gully it makes a great noise. I turn it aside, and it enters the well until the water rises above the entrance." He stooped as he spoke, and with considerable effort turned a heavy screw that creaked and creaked with a painful sound, and presently the old man rose to his feet. There was a change in the noise of the water; it was now heard as if falling from a height, and with a splashing sound. ^y ORDER OF THE CZAR, 83 " We retrace our steps," said the old man. They returned to the entrance of the cave. A stream of water was falling into the well. " Now, my son," said the old man, " turn thine eyes to the right." " Yes," said Ferrari. " Raise the lamp." Ferrari held the lamp above his head. /• " You see a ring of iron ? '* ''Yes." "Grasp it." Ferrari laid hold upon it. *' Stand back and pull it. Keep free from the entrance." Ferrari pulled the ring. There fell down a slab of metal or hard wood, entirely closing communication with the well and the exit above. " The water will rise up in front of it," said the old man, " and no skill in Russia will find out its secret. When it is time for us to go forth, we open our door and admit our watery guard, which will scatter itself in these passages in ten minutes and our egress remains as before. Without this sentinel some prying devil more clever than his fellows might find our hall of entrance ; but now if he has a mind to drop into the well he finds no rest for the sole of his foot ; only the water. And didst thou notice a rope hang- ing from the rock over the yard ? " "■ No." "They will notice it when they beat down the door, and close by pieces of rock and soil as if someone had clam- bered up to the daylight ; and that will be regarded as thy means of escape, and so perad venture the well may claim no attention whatever. Come then, my friend, let us go within and praise the Lord, for His mercy endureth for ever ! " Ferrari shrugged his shoulders at the invitation, think- ing of the dead rabbi, and the worse than dead Queen of the Ghetto. S4 BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. And while they prayed and feasted, and slept and ate and drank in security — Moses and his wife and servant, and the stranger within his gates —the storm of civil and unholy strife, the red waves of persecution passed over Czarovna like a blight from hell. Helpless women and children fell before the lust and savagery of ignorance, fanaticism, blood-guiltiness, and revenge. Once more the cruel fate of their predecessors of Egypt had sought out the Israelites in this remote corner of the world, and they were beaten with many stripes, tortured with rod and fire, their house- hold goods taken from them, their altars and shrines desolated, their numbers decimated with fire and sword. Czarovna was almost wiped from the face of the earth. In the daytime the ghetto resounded with cries of death and yells of drunken vengeance. At night the red cock crowed over the long street, and flamed high above the eaves and chimneys of the home of the Klosstocks. And when the work of desolation came to an end, the country round about was filled with houseless Jews seeking the shelter of wood and forest, making their way to the river that held its course through hostile town and village to the distant sea. The historian's duty in regard to this part of his narrative is complete with the simple record of the sack and burning of Czarovna, and the intimation that out of this flame and smoke of desolation came forth at last safe through the furnace Andrea Ferrari, Moses Grunstein, his wife and servant. How Ferrari eventually made his way through the spies and police of Russia is not a matter of so much account as what he did with his liberty, which it will be the business of the narrator to set forth in future chapters ; but it is important to relate that he left Anna Klosstock a miserable wreck in the Christian hospital at Czarovna, subject to the treatment of local medical science, which prided itself on the roughest and readiest means of curing BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. 85 those victims of the knout whose friends had not been able to purchase the death-blow — curing them that they should be enabled to undergo such further punishment as their crimes involved by order of the Czar. There were in particular two men in the world — Count Stravensky and Andrea Ferrari — whose hearts bled for Anna Klosstock, and who had sworn to avenge both herself and her father upon Ivan Petronovitch, if not upon the Czar himself, under whose government such deeds were possible as those which blasted the house of Klosstock, giving over its virtuous inmates to the pangs of exile, torture, infamy, and untimely death. CHAPTER XIV. " TRAGEDY." A group of prisoners on the march, attended by Cossacks of the Dun and Tartar Guards. The wiry steeds and tall lances of the former break up the monotonous line of the travelers afoot, emphasizing the crouching despondency of some and the defiant carriage of others, among the forlorn crowd of human misery. In the foreground a man has fallen by the way. He is young, and has apparently collapsed through sheer bodily fatigue. The one woman of the group, in the act of stoop- ing to assist him, is thrust back, with the butt end of a trooper's rifle. She turns towards the soldier with a mingled look of appeal and hatred. It is a beautiful face, stamped with a suffering that has no resignation in it. The eyes are sunken, but full of fire. The low well-knit forehead is wrinkled with pain. The mouth is pursed into an expression of angry revolt. If ever the time for ven- geance came, you feel that this woman would not abhor the $6 BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. assassin's knife or the dynamiter's shell ; and in regard to the captive whose physical strength is not equal to the spirit of the martyr, you find yourself hoping that he may now once for all be released from the living death to which his companions are journeying. It was only a picture, and hardly that. It was the rough hurried sketch of a first idea ; yet there were lines of suggestion in it that might have belonged to the finished intentions of a great work. The woman was more than a sketch ; or, if not, the brush was an inspired one ; for there was a world of suffering and agony in it, mental and phy- sical. You would say to yourself as you gazed at it, " that woman was once a lovely girl ; she has endured wrongs the most terrible ; she has fought against a cruel destiny and been worsted at every turn ; but she has one hope left — the desire for revenge ; and the artist who has told us this must know her history ; and her history is a tragedy," When you look close into the picture you saw what appeared to be confused and random strokes, wild splashes of color, faces and forms hinted at ; but standing apart a little way you found that the work took form and shape and became a living story of human persecution, with a background of dreary waste and clouds full of wintry anger. The woman's face of all others stood out an almost finished study. " And last night," said the young artist, " I dreamt I was that poor wretch falling by the way, and that an angel interposed between that woman and the victim of a tyran- nous rule, and I was borne to heaven ; and when we reach- ed the sunshine, the angel was the woman — and she was beautiful." ^' Yes, it is given to genius to have dreams and to see visions," said Dick Chetwynd, laying a friendly hand upon the young man's shoulder, and at the same time standing BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. 87 in a critical attitude before the picture, '* and it Is given to genius when it paints to realize its visions. Something of a nightmare this one, eh, Phil ? Tell me all about it. For a bit of rapid work it is marvelous." "You think it is good? Well, I am glad, because I rather fancied it myself," said the artist, putting in a fresh touch or two in order to heighten the effect of the figures standing out against the sky. It was a long almost un- broken sweep of lurid cloud, suggesting the hopelessness of the prisoners, as much as the weakness of a setting sun that had beneath it the cold dreary waste of a Siberian landscape in winter. " You are a genius, Phil ; that woman's face is a stroke of inspiration." " How particularly amiable, you are to-day," was the young artist's reply. " Just, Philip, not amiable ; just. If I have hitherto been more critical than complimentary, I have been influ- enced by a desire to keep you from taking the bit into your mouth and bolting with some wild idea ; but when one has evidence of power in a friend's work, why not admit it ? I don't hesitate in your case, because I feel sure you will appreciate the responsibility of what is called genius." How little Dick Chetwynd imagined that his previous efforts to guard Philip Forsyth from letting his genius run away with him would all be discounted in the history of this picture, though in a direction of danger utterly dif- ferent from anything that could possibly have occurred to him ! We are all more or less engaged in protecting our- selves from dangers and troubles that never occur, to fall into pits and snares and toils the least looked for among all our forecasts of possible misfortunes. '' Don't think for a moment that I accept your kindly verdict about genius," said the artist ; " it gives me plea- sure when you like my work, but what, in your estimation, is genius ? '* f 88 BY ORDER OF THE CZAR, Philip laid down his palette and brushes, and offering Chetwynd a cigarette, began to smoke one himself. *' The very question the editor of The Evening Critic has been asking in his very interrogatory journal ; and not a bad vacation subject either." *' And what is the conclusion ? " asked the artist. " That talent does easily what others do with difficulty, while genius does what talent cannot do ; in other words, or rather in Lord Lytton's, ' genius does what it must and talent does what it can.' " " And what is your own opinion ? " " When I consider my own particular work," said Chet- wynd, " I come to the conclusion that Carlyle was right when he said that genius is the infinite capacity of taking pains ; and when I look at your sketch, Philip, I believe genius to be the capacity to do with a snap of the fingers or a wave of the hand that which talent with all its infinite pains can never quite succeed in accomplishing." " You are so much cleverer than I can ever hope to be at logical definitions of things, and in every other way, that it would be absurd on my part to debate so difficult a matter, but I believe industry is genius. Look at the fable of the tortoise and the snail ! I have sketched this thing in quickly, but only under the influence of a sudden feeling for it. Perhaps it will end here ; whereas Smith, who took the medal for design, would, given such a subject, settle down to it, plot away at its details, finish it elabor- ately and a hundred chances to one win the prize." " It is a quality of genius to underrate its power, to hate drudgery, to rest on its oars ; but you have the higher quality of talent as well as genius, Philip ; you work, and you will paint that subject — * Prisoners on their way to Siberia.' " " How did you know the subject ? " asked the artist. " It does not need that angel of yours to come down BV ORDER OF THE CZAR. 89 from heaven to tell one the subject. Besides you have been talkmg Siberia, the Ravelin, Russian tyranny, and the hopelessness of Nihilism for weeks past." " I have been reading Stepniak, Dostoieffsky, Gogol, Lermontoff, Tolstoi, Tourgeneff, Kompert, Noble, Tikho- mirov and the rest ; and I seem to have realized in their revelations some of the vague dreams and suspicions of my youth. You forget that I was born in St. Petersburg." " No, I forget nothing as a rule that is worth remember- ing ; and besides your mother, Lady Forsyth, does not permit one to forget your life in Russia, especially when she is entertaining some of the distinguished — and other- wise — exiles of the North — I say ' and otherwise ' advised- ly-" " My mother is too magnanimous," said the artist ; " she takes everybody at their own estimate." '' Oar Evening Critic friend is engaged just now in summing up his latest question upon the forces of charac- ter, with illustrations of suppressed force and so on. But what two forces are there that are equal to industry and earnestness ? " " You are my forces, Dick ; without your encouragement I should do nothing." " Oh, yes, you would." " If any other fellow said half the kind things you say to me I should turn from him as I would from a flatterer who had some purpose to serve in sweetening his words to please me. But if you say ever so much more than I de- serve, I know it comes out of your kind interest in me, and when you criticize me — and you have not done that to-day — I know you are right." " You are a disagreeable and an ungrateful young vagabond if you doubt that I do not know that every word I say to you is the truth, so far as I am capable of speaking it ; and in spite of my journalistic career I have 90 BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. not forgotten the difference between truth and its opposite, between flattery and criticism, and between sincerity and humbug ; and, moreover, I believe I am still capable of an honest friendship." ** I would like to hear any man say to the contrary," exclaimed Philip, shaking his fist at an imaginary foe. " Would you ? Talk to some of my friends on the sub- ject then. They will give you satisfaction." " If we lived in another country or age, and they libelled you, Dick, they would have to give me satisfaction." " Ah, we live in a far better age, Philip, and the pen is not only mightier than the sword, but it is keener than its sharpest edge. And think of the stabs it can give in the dark ; think of the quiet secret revenges it has in its power. When a man insults you or your friend it is not necessary to call him out ; besides, that is a troublesome business and dangerous to oneself also. No, you simply go down to your newspaper — your Evening Critic say — and you pink him there ; and next day you can rub in a bit of salt, and later still you can reopen the wound and make the man's life a misery to him." " You are a woful cynic, Dick ; and when I note that side of your character how can you blame me if I am apt to wonder whether you are only amusing yourself at my expense when you tell me I am a genius and all that kind of thing?" ** What you are saying now is the cynicism of the heart ; my cynicism is the cynicism of the head. And so you doubt me, do you ? " " No, Dick, I only doubt myself. When I doubt myself most I ask you questions. You have not told me what you think of my Siberian sketch for the medal." When the Royal Academicians gave " Tragedy " as the subject for the gold medal and traveling studentship, the road to Siberia leaped into the mind of Philip Forsyth, a £Y ORDER OF THE CZAR. 91 flash of inspiration, full of vague memories of his childhood and of definite stories heard from suffering lips in his later years, and he straightway sketched the picture which is briefly described in the opening words of this chapter. It was the work of a few hours, directed by the feeling of his entire life, and inspired by an enthusiastic and lofty nature. Dick Chetwynd knew how rapidly the sketch had grown under the young fellow's hand ; hence his remark about genius. He had also guessed the intention of the sketch, but hesitating as to the wisdom of the choice of subject for the Academy competition, had left it for his young friend to mention the special object of it. Friendship is never officious in the direction of advice or sympathy ; it is anxious to give pleasure, even in its good advice ; and where Art is concerned it takes into account the sensitive- ness of its disciples, knowing how small a word of opposi- tion randomly spoken may shrivel up a great idea, or make a wound most difficult of healing. Dick Chetwynd had given Philip advice without hesitation in its frankness, but it was given at the right time. Had he objected ever so much to this remarkable sketch, he would not have chosen the moment when the imagination was hot with it, and the hand fresh from its ideal interpretation, to express his hos- tile opinion ; but truth to tell, in regard to this somewhat modern view of " Tragedy," as suggested on the wet canvas before him, he saw far greater evidence of power than Philip had hitherto exhibited, and he was perfectly sincere in his compliments. The two men were in remarkable contrast, both in appearance and character. Philip Forsyth — in a brown, more or less threadbare, velvet jacket, with a loose black silk handkerchief round his neck — was three and twenty, of medium stature, lithe of limb, with black hair that fell about a forehead with strongly marked eyebrows, eyes that 92 BV ORDER OF THE CZAR. were of a deep blue, singularly out of harmony, you would think on first meeting their pathetic gaze, with the rich olive complexion of the young fellow's face. His lips indi- cated both refinement and passion. According to those who read character in the fingers, his hands were the hands of both the artist and of the executant, but there were not wanting seeming contradictions of his moral character in his physical anatomy. He gave you the idea of an inter- esting enthusiastic lad ; for young as he was he did not look his years. When he talked, however, his conversation was far beyond them, and you soon discovered that he was more a creature of impulse than a youth of anything like settled ideas ; but at the same time you could not fail to be convinced of his tremendous capacity for the art he had chosen to follow. If in his conversation with Chetwynd he was inclined to depreciate himself, it was not from any want of confidence in his powers, but from a certain feeling of modesty and in protest against the extravagancies of his friend, who saw further ahead than Philip's most ambitious dreams, but who, had he looked into the future with the true eye of prophecy, with the vision of second sight, would have been sorely and sadly troubled at the prospects of his protege and friend. Philip Forsyth was an art student, his father English, his mother Irish ; his father a railway contractor, who had made and lost a fortune in Russia, and who had been knighted for some special services rendered in connection with an EngHsh Industrial Exhibition. Philip was born in St. Petersburg, which city he left with his widowed mother, ten years prior to the opening of this romance, for London. His mother. Lady Forsyth, had a secured income of a thousand a year, and she added to it a not inconsiderable sum by her contributions to the rebel press of her native city of Dublin. She received at her pleasant rooms at BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. 93 Bedford-square the shining lights of the Irish party, as well as the distressed refugees of foreign nationaUties. Dick Chetwynd doubted the lady's sincerity and her hatred of " the brutal Saxon," and used all his influence with Philip to keep him clear of the Irish conspiracy. He might per- haps have best served Philip's interests by attaching the young fellow to the Irish cause in preference to that of the despairing organization which seems to lead its chief direc- tors to untold miseries of torture and death. Whatever Lady Forsyth's opinions might be, they did not prevent her from mixing in the best Saxon society that would open its doors to her. If she sang " The Wearing of the Green " at her own exclusive parliamentary parties, she would all the same modestly join in the anthem of "God Save the Queen," when she found herself in the more representative circles of London life. She was of a poetic temperament, had the gift of eloquence, and was looked up to by a section of young art students, who chafed against the stiff rules of the Royal Academy, and be- lieved in the more rapid and generous curriculum of the French schools. She wrote tolerable and fiery verse on heroic subjects, talked clever criticism, was a humorous satirist of political parties, dressed more or less aestheti- cally, gave her afternoon receptions in rooms of a semi- religious darkness, was a pleasant, cultured, odd, out-of- the-common hostess ; and while some people laughed at her, others admired her, many thought her exceedingly clever, and most people liked to go to her receptions. Philip was devotedly attached to his mother, but he doubted the sincerity of certain men and women who, while they upheld the rebel sentiments of the Green, man- aged to make themselves very happy with the Red among the fleshpots of London. But for himself he had no very strong convictions either one way or the other, nor in fact had his mother. He was deeply moved at all times by a 94 BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. tale of sorrow, and the more so if he could suggest it with his brush. He was like a musician who dramatizes events and emotions in musical rhapsodies, only thathe tried to put them on canvas, and he confessed to Chetwynd that the incidents of so-called Irish rebellion did not inspire him with a single subject worth painting. On the other hand, the struggle of Liberty with Tyranny in Russia ennobled the cause of Freedom ; it made men heroes, it made women divine. How far these feelings and opinions were the outcome of serious reflection or the evanescence of an artistic habit of thought, influenced by a poetic temperament and fostered by the conversations of Dick Chetwynd, must be left to the judgment of the reader and the elucidation of events. Not only had Philip heard his father speak of the shame- less dishonesty of Russian officials, the barbarism of the Russian law in the matter of political offences, in regard to which the English law is so especially lenient, but he imbibed from some of his mother's foreign visitors a des- perate hatred of Russia. He knew by heart the story of Poland, the disabilities of Russian serfdom freed only to have to endure worse hardships than slavery ; he had heard from their own lips some of the horrors endured by political prisoners, though it was a perpetual wonder to him how any of the refugees he had met could ever have escaped Russian vigilance, without the talismanic assist- ance of gold. When he thought of the struggles of brave men for constitutional rights in Russia, of their desperate plots, and their fiendish punishments, he found no word of defence against Chetwynd's impeachment of more than one of his mother's Irish friends, who were enjoying all the freedom oT the crowned Republic of England, living luxuriously in her great metropolis, and still prating of her tyranny and oppression, and who, the time being opportune, would be BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. 95 ready to play the part of traitors to their friends and country. All this seemed to him to heighten the despotism and cruelty of the Russian system, and to confirm the right- eousness of the Nihilistic fight against the Czar. But Philip's was not a logical mind ; it was moved by impulse, by instinct, it was emotional, artistic, sensitive, and it had a fateful habit of thought and feeling, which qualities pos- sibly may belong to the attributes of genius. At all events Art has nothing to do with political principles, with the philosophies of government, or with constitutional rights ; it has to do with sentiment, love, nature, the affections, and with the portrayal of noble actions and fine emotions, with the reproduction of landscape on canvas, the illustra- tion of great events, the glorification of virtue, heroism, patriotism, but it has nothing to do with political debates, with revolutionary action, with real fighting, with the for- mulation of administrative principles ; it is the handmaiden, not the soldier ; the rewarder of noble deeds and the en- courager thereto. Such at all events was the idea of Art which Chetwynd tried to convey to Philip Forsyth, whom he loved with a sincere friendship. As a political journalist Dick Chetwynd was not a success j as a politician he was too honest to be anything more or less than a failure. He believed that if the Par- nellite faction were sincere in their desire to promote the material interests of Ireland, the question at issue between the two great parties in the State would have been settled long ago. Not that he defended the Tory party in the past any more than he approved of the Gladstonian Admin- istration. It was his firm belief that on many an occasion the Irish question was simply used on both sides as a political shuttlecock, without the slightest reference to what was best for Ireland, England, or the Empire. .At the same time he despised the rank and file of the Irish party; believed Parnell to be more or less the victim of ^ BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. the thing he had created ; thought America had shame- fully abused the privileges of blood and friendship in per- mitting a gigantic conspiracy to be hatched and kept alive on her free soil, to the detriment and danger of the mother country ; thought Gladstone had only one desire in life, and that to be in office ; regarded Hartington and Cham- berlain as patriots of the noble type ; looked upon the principle of hereditary legislatorship as a grand old tradi- tional farce ; would to-morrow give Ireland such a measure of local self-government, or Home Rule, or whatever it might be called, as would enable her to conduct her own internal business without reference to local committees at Westminster ; was fully of opinion that the margin of per- sonal and constitutional liberty in England was so wide and deep that any person who stepped beyond its barrier should be shot ; was at heart a Republican, but above all things an Imperial Unionist, and would defend to the death the merest scrap of soil over which the flag had ever floated ; in this he was a Cowenite, as he said ; loyal to the Crown as long as that remained our legitimate form of government. He would go to war to-morrow for India against Russia or all the world ; would fight France for Egypt rather than revive the dual control ; would make every possible sacrifice for the honor, prestige, and glory of his native land ; and any Government, Radical or Con- servative, that would continue to give us the security of personal liberty and maintain the integrity of the Empire would have his vote and interest. It need not be pointed out to any practical politician that Dick could not be successful on these lines, any more than Joseph Cowen, the patriotic member for Newcastle, could. Dick was a Yorkshireman, five-and-thirty, married, and the father of a young family. He was of a medium height, broad of shoulder, strong of limb, inclined to make adi- pose tissue (as his doctor told him), the only antidote to BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. 97 which was exercise, and Dick's exercise consisted chiefly in walking up to Philip Forsyth's studio from his house in Dorset-square. Dick was of fair complexion, wore his beard broad and curly, had a massive forehead, grey eyes, a rich unctious manner of speech, and was known rather for his pluck and cleverness than for the solidity of his character or the perspicuity of his political views, though he was an established and independent journalist and something more. As a descriptive writer and a war cor- respondent he was a decided success. In other enter- prises of later days he had not failed. His literary work and his criticisms in the world of art were clearer, sharper, and better defined than his political opinions, though in his somewhat complicated politics he had before him the encouragement of many melancholy examples. As a jour- nalist on the warpath he had told the story of the Zulu War, and had marched with Roberts through Afghanistan. He had exploited the Irish revolt in the American cities, had cabled the earliest declarations of the American-Irish plotters from Mill-street, had written the first interview with Rossa, and had reported one of the secret meetings of the Dynamiters in New York. He had traveled through Russia on a journaHstic mission, and had seen the world under many and varying circumstances, having begun his newspaper career at eighteen. When we make Dick Chetwynd's acquaintance he had settled down to the pleasant work of independent journalism and the secretaryship of an Art Club, which had under his excellent management become a monopoly of art-trading in a quiet but profitable groove of what seemed dilettante- ism, but which in reality was solid business. " The Rossetti " was a club and gallery controlled by half a dozen wealthy noblemen, who were guided by the discreet and clever hand of Dick Chetwynd. It gave parties, held exhibitions, published an Art Magazine, dealt in art 1 98 BY ORDER OF THE CZAR. treasures in a high and exclusive manner, and made a big annual income, fifteen hundred pounds of which Chetwynd enjoyed as a salary ; and he had perquisites, besides an unique position in artist society. His wife was a bright, buxom, clever woman of the world, a Londoner with all a Londoner's prejudices, and they had a family of half a dozen children, and lived in good style in Dorset-square, where they had a music room and an art gallery at the rent of two hundred a year, which in the more fashionable regions of Kensington would have been worth five or six. CHAPTER XV. " And you think you interpret the subject in this sketch of a company of prisoners on the way to Siberia ? " asked Chetwynd, once more forcing the conversation in the direction of Philip's work. "Yes, I cannot imagine anything more tragic, can you? " " I could think of many subjects more poetically tragic," said Chetwynd, *' but none which in your hands will make a more remarkable picture." *' An Irish eviction ? " said Philip, smiling, not sarcas- tically, but recalling a discussion in which Chetwynd had considered it necessary to dwell upon certain cruelties of eviction in order to keep Philip up to what he considered the right pitch of democratic sentiment — for Dick was more Radical than Rebel, more Reformer than Republican; and in all this he was one of the anomalies of English political life in these days of political evolution and change. "No, not an eviction, Mr. Cynic," said Dick; "don't think I am blind to the due proportions of things, and I BV ORDER OF THE CZAR. 99 love art beyond politics. If I did not I should be engaged at this moment in projecting an English Republic." " I wonder your Rossetti nobility put up with you." " They have to put up with me, old man ; besides we don't talk politics, and (with a self-deprecatory smile) even noblemen like to be associated with intellect, especially when it pays." " Yes, that is a great matter," Philip replied ; "it is the rock upon which I shall split." " Not at all," said Chetwynd ; " it is the artist's business to think of his art, and to leave the question of paying to Fate." '' And yet I fancy you were thinking just now that I should have a much better chance of the medal with a con- "vjentional treatment of tragedy than with a realistic study of the tragedy side of Russian tyranny and Russian hero- ism. Sometimes in one's hatred of Russia one is apt to forget that the tyranny and heroism go hand in hand ; that they come from the same people." ** It is generous to think so ; you do not regard Ireland as the Poland of our day, and I don't ask you to think of it in that light, though it is an oppressed nationality, and I have faith in my fellow countrymen when I find so many of us acknowledging our misdeeds." ** But if we are to go back to the past for misdeeds it seems to me that the English themselves have had a hard time of it, not to mention the Scotch and the Welsh. But of course all this is nonsense, the Irish troubles are to be mended as the disabilities of the masses have been amend- ed ; but if there is the tyranny in Ireland, the abuse of Irishmen, some of my fellow bogtrotters aver, let them rise and be free ! That is what other nationalities have done ; and if they have the cause let them fight ! " " We were talking of Art, and the interpretation of Tra- gedy," said Dick ; " you are no politician, and you are so loo BV ORDER OF THE CZAR. pleased with your life in London that your gratitude to us brutal Saxons overcomes your judgment. I think you would have a better chance of the medal if you took a classic subject from Roman History. Moreover, it would give you an opportunity of showing your skill as a student of the figure. Siberia gives you no chance of a careful study of the nude or the semi-nude." '• No, but it gives me composition, color, sentiment, feel- ing, intensity of expression." "If it engages your enthusiasm," said Dick, *' do it, Philip ! Never mind whether you get the medal or not. Success at the Academy is a good deal of a lottery, and a medal won by pandering to Academic methods of faddism is not worth having." " Thank you, old fellow," said Philip ; " you are to me as great a stimulus as success itself. Have a drink, and I will tell you about that woman you see in the foreground looking defiance at the brutal Cossack." It was one of the first days of the early spring. A few flakes of snow were flying about in the sunshine, looking like scattered cherry blossoms. Philip called Dick's atten- tion to them as he drew down a blind to keep out the sudden sunshine that sent a white beam right across his picture. " Let us welcome the Spring," said Philip, going to a cabinet and producing a bottle of champagne. " You have had luncheon? " " Yes. You are a luxurious dog, Philip." " No. I sometimes don't drink a glass of wine for days together, not even at dinner. This is a brand you will approve of ; it is like the English Spring, a flash of liquid sunshine." '* Here's success to * Tragedy ! ' " said Dick, taking up the glass his host had filled. **And here's to Spring!" said Philip. "The loveliest SV ORDER OF THE CZAR, loi season of all the English year; ^}it>ttivei'' cynics- may say about it!" '. , > - w^.^, ;-. ;, : * :.. **As champagne is the fin^st^'^t)!^ .all ^wrn