THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
X 
 
 LAWYER 
 
 Ih 
 
THE 
 
 STENOPHONOGRAPHER. 
 
 UPON THE BASIS OF 
 
 PITMAN'S PHONOGRAPHY, 
 
 WITH THE 
 CIRC I LAR VOWEL SCALE of July, 1851. 
 
 BY HENRY M. PARKHURST. 
 
 PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY 
 
 HENRY M. PARKHURST, 
 
 (Short Hand Writer and Law Reporter,) 
 
 NO. 121, NASSAU STREET, 
 
 NEW YORK CITY. 
 
 1870. 
 
FONETIC SPELIKT. 
 
 No one who is familiar with our spoken language can find 
 lerious difficulty in reading phonetic print, in which words are 
 Spelled as they are pronounced, each of the old letters being 
 used in its most usual signification and the following new letters 
 being added for the remaining sounds: 
 
 qfcdafi, Jggeaq,ere> oo,ui u j 14 
 ch th th z sh zh ng ee ai ah aw owe oo oo eye ue 
 
 as in the following words: 
 
 hwi<j bin dis hia Jal USHdl sin, d:e ma 
 which thin this his shall usual sing the may 
 
 etqr erl no hra wwd mj blq, 
 tar all no who would my blue. 
 
 Ferr the want of the type j use ct few diffe,re,nt ferrma in the 
 imall type. 3< also u.ae a few slight modicationg of some of the 
 vowelg ferr mjnor shadea of sound. New letterz introduced in 
 theae l[nea are uaed with the phonetic signification. 
 
 Soonqr er latqr phonetic spelling must supplant our preaqnt 
 fa/hioa. But ( ue it in the following work also for the rsazon 
 that the spelling exactly correspondz with that qaed in phono 
 graphic Jhert-hand. The student, therefore, in ev^ry word, hae 
 indicated to him piecjaely what iz to bs written. 
 
TABL OV CONTENTS. 
 
 ttJ 
 
 > 
 
 DC 
 
 az 
 oa 
 
 Cerjon to de Iqrnqr 
 
 Introducjon, 34 
 
 Tecit bucs 
 
 I, 68, 65, 117 
 
 3e alfabet 
 
 3 
 
 3e up-itrocs 
 
 5, 29, 45, 117 
 
 Rul ferr pogi/on 
 
 IS, 69, 117 
 
 iJistujc/on ov plas, Tabl 
 
 14, 49, 121 
 
 Pensil err pen 
 
 24, 112 
 
 W, Y, andS, ">, f,^ 25, 
 
 37, 67, 75, 87, 120 
 
 3e Towel seal 
 
 26, 67 
 
 Miselaneus sujesqonz 
 
 111, 120 
 
 Vowel gramaloge 
 
 33, 71, 118 
 
 Sgrclz 
 
 17, 34, 73, 107 
 
 Notajon 
 
 35, 74 
 
 Gramologi 39, 42, 
 
 60, 61, 6S, 75 
 
 R and L hues 
 
 42, 77 
 
 Dubl legft strocs 
 
 44, 97 
 
 Final hues 
 
 60, 79 
 
 Hqjf legfi rtrocs 
 
 61, 60, 106 
 
 3.1 Imps 
 
 62, 81, 108 
 
 Varius contracjone 
 
 6, 83, 91 
 
 Distigc/on ov fernn, Tabl 
 
 85, 120 
 
 Fraeeografi 
 
 100, 104 
 
 Frscw^nsi ov ocurqns, Table 
 
 101, 124 
 
 Ecrt-hand figurz 
 
 us 
 
 Iluitrajoa ov abrevia/one 
 
 111, 114 
 
 Sc nu clasifica/on 
 
 118 
 
 448260 
 
INTRODUOSON. 
 
 8[e foloig wurc hae bin in preparafion nerli twenti yere, 
 dujig hwiq tjm mj on ecsperigns and dat ov udqrz hav en- 
 abid me tu mac varius imprcovmgnts. In rrdgr tu profit 
 bj dem d Iqrngr Bud prosed wid Pqrts 1, 2, and 8, sjmul- 
 taneusli, acerdig to de numbqrig ov de lesna. 
 
 It ia bqrli posibl dat an inventiv jenyus mjt Iqrn mj sis- 
 tern solli b; de ad ov dis buc, and de ilustrafionz on paj 
 114; but it iz intended tu acotnpani sum udr fonografic 
 tecsUbuc, de fundamental difr^ns beig in de vowel seal. 
 hwiq j hav darfor fuli ilustrated. 
 
 % \nad recomend da Iqrnqr, befor comensig tu rjt, tu 
 red dis buc broo, ref^rig to ud^r instrucfion bucs hw^revqr 
 it iz nesesari, in errdqr tu obtan a jengral jdea ov de sistem 
 aa a hoi, and da mm ten se,rtan mode ov rjtig. 
 
 Sert-hand ie too fiffrt hwen de abreviated forrra \z de,r 
 danj^rusli ambigt^us, inconvenyqnt, or ov r^r ocurqns. $ 
 da.rfor cefion de lqrnr not tu adopt widowt dij consid^ra- 
 fion s^rtan contracfions j sujest and sumtjme f jnd yi^sful, 
 but hwiq ma be mu<j improovd heraftqr. i refqr espefiali 
 to secfionz 125, 126, 129, 133-143, 149-151, 174-9, 185-7, 
 189; hwiq o.r qefli dowtful on de feqrd grownd. f bilev 
 j hav avoyded de roc on hwiq "Standard Fonografi" haz 
 bin rect danjgrns ambigxyti. 
 
STENOFONOGRAFEB. 
 
 1. Du/ig at yera ov ecsperiqns aa a prof efional reporter, 
 1 hav cajfuli studid de improovmgnt ov Fonografi; and now 
 deajr tu embodi de result ovdat studi and ecsperiqns in suq 
 a form dat ud.}ra ma profit \)\ it, if da wil. And oldo d^r 
 ma be sum inconvenycjiisea in yqaig a sistem difejrig from, 
 tfat now tert bj ud^ra, [ belev dat al ho> dea^r tu l^rn fono- 
 grafi ferr constant yn,s, wil f^nd dat mj labora hav not bin 
 in van. 
 
 In errdgr, however, tu mac de wurc mor yijaful, j hav 
 mad an aranjm^nt wid mi asofiiats in de ofifial reportig in 
 4e Senat ov de Yunjted Stats dn,rig a lq,rj porfion ov dat 
 tim, tu ad me bj furnifiig sujesqona, statm^nts ov dar on 
 mefooda ov rjtig, and dar vii,3 wid regq,rd to de moda adopt- 
 ed in de Manual, and olso wid regq,rd to doa recomended 
 bj me. cEar sujesqona, toged^r wid mj on coments in con- 
 cfion dqrwid, wil be plast in separat qaptgra, at convenygnt 
 intqrvala, defqrig dar coraensra^nt until j fial hav lad down 
 de fundamental prinsipla ov unabreviated rjtig. 
 
 2. <Iis wurc ia deajnd tu acompani de Qmerican Manu- 
 al ov Fonografi, to hwiq continual ref^rqns wil be mad, (in 
 bracets,) and hwiq de Iqrnqr fiud atentivli red, adoptig suq 
 porfiona aa q,r not inconsistent wid de instrucfiona imeflatli 
 foloig suq refcjrqnsea. But hwjl it wil be an advantaj to de 
 Bti^dqnt tu understand how tu red erl cinda ov fonografi, he 
 fiud rijidli conf jn hia rjtig ecsgrsjaea to de stjl herin lad dowiu 
 in errdfjr tu ave-yd de femuafion ov injiirius habits. 
 
S T ENOPnONOGRAPHER . 
 
 ' LESNl. [14.] 3s Consonants. 
 
 3. cle consonants qr unqanjd, ecseptig dat de stroc-sjna 
 ferr y, w, and b ; adopted resgntli widowt sufifignt rean, j 
 reject. (Se Obg^rvaSong, Capte,r 1.) Eit de remanig con- 
 sonants, widowt jerynig, in de errde/ in bwiq da ocur in de 
 foloig pasaj, ov^r and c>ve,r, until yoo can rjt dem el widowt 
 to de alfabet. 
 
 Ecsersiz. flrma vjrnmcwecano Troje cwj primus ab oris 
 Italiam, fato profilgus: Lavinia venit 
 Litora. Multum ils et tcris jactatus et alto, 
 Vj Supgrum, ssve memorem Junonis ob jram. 
 idem de tows oclows, anebe js to oros; cqy catisantos ertow, 
 prosglton eto, hery matstqy ertow. Cay anerycsas to stoma etow, 
 edidascen e-tows, legon: Macarie-y he-y tocery to numatj, hotj 
 eton estin he basil^a ton owranon. 
 
 Let yoor best ritn manuscript ^q da be selected aa a redig 
 ecstjrsja, not tu be lad osjd until it baa bin red alowd wid- 
 owt heaitafion upon bre difcjrcjnt daa. Suq redig ecs^rsjaea 
 wil doo yco mor gud dan eni hwicj cud be engravd. 
 
 LESNZ. [511] &t Fowelz. 
 
 4. 3e vowel seal baa bin increst, and dife/^ntli aranjd. 
 P^rsnz IIOD prefer a smo-l^r number ov vowela, can omit aa 
 meni aa da Qooa; but de aranjmgnt ia esenfial to de sistem. 
 (SlfObae/vafiona, qapt^r 1.) Ferr conveny^ns ov refe/tjns i 
 wil now present de bol f onografic alfabet in a condenst ta- 
 biilar form, from nwiq de stq,d^nt can select from da to d a 
 hwot he recwjra, in foloig de lesna from de Maniial. 
 
BTENOPHONOGKAPHEB. 
 
 FQNOGRAFIC ALFQBET. 
 
 Consonants. 
 
 \\! I// -- 
 
 p b t d Q j eg 
 
 f v t> d s a fi g 
 
 mp 
 
 Vowela. 
 
 ei a e 
 
 r o oo ceu 
 
 NIX 
 
 -q, a u 
 
 we wi, wa &s. war err wq &$ 
 
 yeyi yaye &s- ye- &i yq, &s- 
 
 I ow oy 1?}, wow 
 
 5. tie dafi vowela branq owt from de stroc at an atjgl 
 ov 45; or o, &s-, branqig owt f errwqrda, and q a, &s', branq- 
 Ig owt bacwarda. In apljig de vowela to de curv strocs, da 
 fiud form an atjgl ov 45 wid de cerrd ov de qrc; so dat de 
 daS wil be mad presjali de sam to f, v, err r, aa to p and b. 
 
 r 
 
 do do so SOP doo ob 
 
 od go mo 
 
 r i- .1 \. 
 
 ( 
 
 da ad 
 
 e sa ea da me 
 
 ma 
 
 V 
 
 J' / 
 
 ne 
 
 na 
 
 ev fie fioo 
 
 JOS 
 
 Ritig Ecsersiz. Jo, pe, ap, eg, c, al, U3, od, fo, ler, ec r ad, aj, 
 ej, oc, to, ap, eb, ot, ga, am, ac, oa, bo, lo, eui, op, or, ha, fe, per, 
 tr, ma, it, crt, at, do, jq, am, met, up, dui,/e, la, ter, qn, no. 
 
4 BTBKOPHONOGKAPHE1T. 
 
 LESA T 3. [12, 13, IS.] <Zf Diftoyz and Aspirtt. 
 
 6. IE rjt de difbcrga j, ow, wid de paralel Ijt daS. <3> r 
 j hav not bert it nesesari tu qanj. But de constant recur<jns 
 ov de pronown j, macs it esenfial dat it fiud> be ritn wid a 
 singl dafi. 3.e yqs ov dafiez udtjrwja apropriated ia an ecs- 
 pediqnt hwiq practis demonstrats tii be unsownd. (Se Ob- 
 z^rvafiona.) 
 
 v ^ x r .r, > ^ 
 
 bow vow hjv d"i jdea hjr Ej 
 
 J^'fij; Ecsersiz. Mj, d[, nj, eery, cow, pi, alow, jery, do w, bow; 
 SE OWT bory,- pa dj vow; go b[ at ev; JE ma ad us if Je no owr am? 
 /E mbe ga do aj m* bs n{; so j am no ju; J* ma t up owr pi- 
 
 7. 2e simplest nj,l for rjtig de aspirat ia, tu. rit it ner ds- 
 vowel to hwiq it belo-ga, but furdjr from de stroc. 
 
 Ecsmiz. ^Hcm, hal, he}, huf, tmg^, hum, horn, hug, hit? 
 hevi, hip, hed, hat, hoi, hul, holi; j ma hjd at owr hows; it m* b 
 BO; his at no nu jdsa; jo no heti an [ am holi mi on ad. 
 
 [14 20.] On Joyniy is Consonants , 
 
 8. Rsrjt de f erst ecsgrsj^^ jeryrag de consonants, and o- 
 mitig y w h and de vo-wela, until yoo can r^t it redili. 
 
 9. flen tac de? unvocalj^d manuscripts and insert erl d 
 vowela in dar proper plasea, stil omitig y w and h. 
 
 Ecsers'iz. Dor, bac, peg, gat, vali, qrc, lej, la/, mag, me/, 
 meni, lam, lif, tic, oldo, publicli, puaj^nsi, benigniti, bue-cspig, 
 efeminatli, inefecquili, pecadilo, ipecacuanha, abominat, botanic, 
 Abednego, fermula, vivif[, moaomania. tomaherc, Ijvlih ud, 
 eacomium, dq>, dav, abod. Bj.m.i ar dut muiv abuv luu 
 
BfENOPHONOGRAPHER. 
 
 LESN 5. [218.] 3e Up-strocs. 
 
 10. Insted ov de n^la givn in de Manual, ferr r 1 and E 
 i hav lerg yq,8d wid grat advantaj de foloig : 
 
 R, L, and X, if preseded bj a vowel tac de downward 
 form; if folod bj a vowel, da tac de upward form; and if 
 bab preseded and folod bj, vowela, de ecstqrnal err in de 
 midl ov a wurd, defoloig vowel govijrna deform. 
 
 tscrs'iz. Form, u j; rcdem, recli, ridm, ravrrj, rerg. rnijc, 
 rig; boro, feri, movo, teoii, naro, cari, mcmori; puriti, raaraj, tirani; 
 rotari, retjn repd, revsl, real, ^rl; rsali, e;rli, rufll; l[c, al[c: harj, 
 raj, ra/o, Hora/o, Jalo, daf, efi/^nsi; arjv, harai), hqrc, qnni, ?rb, 
 hqrti, roc, rium, rop, rub, r|t Boro no muni rajli. 
 
 11. L, unconected wid anudgr stroc, ia olwaa struc np. 
 X, unconected wid anudyr stroc, ia olwaa struc down. R 
 foloa de r\i\, tacir) de upward form hwen no vowel preseda 
 it; but de downward form hwen vowela presed and folo. 
 
 Ritiy Ewrsiz. 81, aj. holi, rj, ru, TO, sr, er, Jo, |ua, eror, ror, 
 rrora, rait/a. Hop, $j ra ma hel me. Her me tumoro, do m[ 
 eror tuda mac dj tsr ferl. Zo ms no fat if [ am holi rerrj. 
 
 a. (Jl paragrafs mq,rct wid italic let$ra ov ref^rqns Jud bs omited 
 nntil dt revn recomendcd inlesn 19, aa da antisipat fucjur lesnz. 
 
 b. Hwen a wurd runa belo Ht Ijn, dg upward forrma ma bs 
 yiiad at discrejon: aa, prepaR, catsd raL, farweL, JURVJV, aLjebra, 
 pq,Rti, iLustrat, iLU^triu^, imstrafon, eKtodocs, e-Rtografi. 
 
 epi, p^RQ, pOR<j, bciRb, eupj, eLipdcaZ, eraboRai, 
 puRpo?. paiidw, ab^ernb, obrquv, b^ag, bq,Rc, bejRt, teR(j, dqnt, al- 
 *OLV, puiuja?, de?<5Rv, (jcitRJ, giLti, foRt, faRdirj, ffflLti, f/qRta/oj 
 yuauRp, mq,R<3, nrjRsi, mqR/. 
 
 c. 3.K foloig wurda j rit wid R?, oldo no vowel fo^oa: 
 Pictorial, p-jrl, peril, pZiiral, bcrial, barel, teri^orial, tw^rl. tem- 
 
 jjoral. corporeal, curl, coral, cworel, colatqrol, gqrl, ferfijral, furl , 
 l, etrrial, .rtcril, .r^derial, scwqrel, senatorial, imperial, mammal, 
 l, Lerrel, mediatorial, moral, mcirl, memorial, nqrl. 
 
6 8TENOPBTONOGRAPHEB. 
 
 d. L foloirj a hue, a curv and a se^rcl, er /, tnrna in de eaiest 
 direcjon; aa, must, ECSL, yu'niwjrsaL, preriiwli, *jmui^aniusli, so- 
 SaL, na/awaL, iu^'ma/waL, mtri^, profa*Li, RU.SL, Eili^waL, Zei., 
 ZGL, Zex, dwmijaL, damrei., domisir/ ra/onal. 
 
 e. Derivative and frazEograma jengroli tac At form ov da r 
 primitm: az, sioraj, Jjni, 'conjiwnc*, 'comijon^r, rerf^r, atowd, 
 
 wiL-bs, weLada, wei,nj, lodston, led^r, hoLsai., 
 
 /. Negativg comensig wid ir- and il- oba At ml, and q,r das 
 distingwijt widowt dificulti from dar poaitiva. 3s foloig fir ds 
 mor imperrtant: 
 
 Legal, liberal, lejitimat, lojical, limitabl, litrat, lejibl. 
 Ka/onal, rEclamabl, recov^rabl, regular, relevant, relijua,' reao- 
 lut, reproqabl, respectiv, rer^rqnd, rcvocabl, reconsjlabl, refutabl, 
 reparabl, rspresibl, redsmabl, rezistibl, remediabl. 
 
 g. Negativa comensig wid in-, un- and iin- ma DE distingwift 
 from dar poaitivs bj dublig de fqrst consonant. 
 
 Moral, memorial, modqrat, matgrial, mortal, mravabl, mutabl> 
 modest, mesurabl, metodical. 
 
 Num^rabl, noc/us: non, nesesari, numb^rd, narigabl, naqural, 
 nqrvd, noinli. 
 
 h. d.t foloig wurda qr adijonol ecsep/ona to de ml, alowd edr 
 tu secixr a distiijtiv sccleton, err wun mor conveny^nt: 
 U struc down: ~Rsd, reteorpefct, reiribii/o, re&m, ridl, rRJt, 
 rez?,'Rvwtn; retunn, regq'rd, re;R<3, reruReic/on, rct- 
 , rctnoseA, i-etRoscfon, re^t'r*. res&rt, rjf/, ^eremoni. 
 R strac up: WUR/C/, ptuR, ^nmn, ec^qR^, jqEvu?, ^Rt, WUR, 
 *, wuRdi, erRMom^#, snf^R, efoR?, as^R^an, st^Rq, sqRfi/ ) 
 d, s^Rrifj, ^qRiificat, merR^if[, mopR^al, yes<cjRda, eg^^R/, 
 ^R, m%R$a.nt, pqRjecitf, mqRce<; RepOR<; asitmetic. 
 L struc down: Lesn, llsqas, langwi/, lirjgwol, lonji^nd, colum 
 iafelec?, i 
 
STEXOrilONOGRAPHER. 7 
 
 L struc up: OiA), oLwaa, lieLp, eLshwar, heil, wert, alowd, 
 cnieLti, *teLti, *OLJr, RCZUL?, RG^OLV, iLurtrius, imrfra/bw. 
 
 Z struc down: Zer, for, Jscr, Jow^r, Juc, Jac, /oc, Jam, Juf/, /uW, 
 Jit'fjr> 'conjie'njus, 'coflfie'n/u^neJ. 
 
 K. els prinsipal wurda obaig de ru,l or coiitand in ds foloii) ta- 
 bla, hwiq Jud be copid as rjlig and rsdig ecsqrsjaea. 
 
 No wurd ia repeted ; wurda bsle-ijig to mor dan wun tabl beirj 
 plast in ds fgrst in hwiq da ocur. 
 
 ele distigjon ov plas wil bs mqvct aa fqr aa it ia nesesari tu bs 
 obaqvvd; but in feni and infrscw^nt wurda it ia jenqrcdi best tu qerij 
 ds habit ov putig dem in de plasea ov dar dominant vowela. 
 
 WURDZ CONTANItf E, L, AND E. 
 Tabl 1. Wurch ov 2 Comonants. 
 
 R iniful struc up. Rgp, rip, rjip,rape, ropi:-repa, rop, rap:-rap. 
 Eib, mbi:-rub, rol:-rob, rabj. Rit, ruit, rjot:-ii,t, rat, rot, rut:- 
 rect, rot, vat, rowt. Rid, rjd, rud, ruid, ifdi:-red, redi, rod, rudi:- 
 rod, rowdi: rsq, ri^:-req: rr:-raj: rec, ric, ruc:-rac, rec:-roc, rac: 
 rig:-rog, rag:-rag. Rs;f, nuf, qft-raf: revu:-rav, rov: ret:- 
 rat, rert: red, r[d: rja, ijs, rua:-raa, ras, roa:- row?,: rasi: roai: 
 ruj, raj: rdfii: rui^. Re :-rar, ror: rel, ril, reryol, recyl, nil:- 
 rcal, ral, rol:-rowcl: mli, re-yali:-raali, rla:-rali: rsm, ruim, 
 rum, rim, rjm:-rom, rum:-ram: rjn:-ran, 1'en, run, ron:-ran: 
 rsnu, ijno:-ruin, rani: rig:-rerr) ; rui):-rag. 
 
 R wicl a voioel prssecliy struc down. Yujop, wecrp, hq,rp, hor- 
 pi: l'rbj:-qrb, errb:-hwarb[: arjt:-hurt, qrt, hqrt: hqrti, h\vacr- 
 at: hgrd, wurd, hard, waward:-hqrd, yard, word, awerd: horid, 
 hurid, hqrdi, wurdi, avid: arg: uvj: heroic:- wurc:- qrc, hqrc: 
 qrgu, qrgo. flevifj, hovif[, hwenf: hsrov:- ar[v:- hwarov: > 
 hqrt. herwid: liwanvid. hera, era, wjra, h|ra, avja, jris: area, 
 eras, hors, INJVF:- hwaraa, haras, he-vs, arowa, wara, ares: hsr- 
 sa:-heresi:-wa;hows: hqrj, Hgrqr, arer:-eror:-horor, wffriov- 
 orqii, erora: aerial:- oval, fjil, liuvl, hwqrl: wsrili;- qrli, warili, 
 orali: qrmi:-wuvm, aroma:- wo-rm, qrm, hqrm: herin, jron, hc- 
 roin:-ytjrn, ^ra, worn, avan;-hwarin, werni, hefrn, yq,rn: (roni:- 
 areua: herii);-erii), herirj:-haraij, a 
 
STE JTOPHOKOSB A PH E*. 
 
 L inifal struc up. Lep, lip;- lap, lop: lobi: ladi: Isq;- laq; 
 l8J;-lej;-loj: luc, IEC, lic;-lic, lac, luci;-lac, loc. Lf;-ljf, lof;- 
 letf: lev, liv;-luv, lava: lud, lad: lazi: laj. Lur, Iir;-lar r 
 
 1 stjrj-lerygr, lacn leryal, lul: lili, loli; lim, Ijm, luim;-lam, lorn, 
 him: Ijon: lerg. 
 
 L wiii a rowl prrxcd'tj ittritr down. Elop: clbo, alihi: yu- 
 Ioji;-alej, eleji: elc, aljc. Wulf, alaif;-elf, alfu: aljv, alu- 
 
 via, oliv. Alq,)". Uwil: halelnya: elm, hclin, alum: wiliy, 
 aleri). 
 
 X. inifa' *truc up. Sp, Jip;-Jap, /ipo;-/op: |abi: Jato: /;ida. 
 Kt-f: /av, fuv: Jst: \I(L 
 
 2 toid a vowel pressdiy atruc down. Jtjor, wijlg. 
 R and L hues. [Sg Lcsn 6: tabl ov iaijal hucs.J 
 
 R final struc down. A per, per, pq,r;-par, powgr, por, par 
 br, bjtjr,-bor, bur, boc^-abhe-v, lirwar, bqr, bowqr: tgr, tjr, atir, 
 twr;-tor, watiqr, liot<jr;-tar, tovvyr, tur, owtwar: duigr, djr, wido- 
 ^rj-dsr, dar. dor, ador;-dowr: gs;r, qar, qor. <jq,r: Jr. jq,r. cwsr. 
 t,-wjr, cohtr. cu,r;-c ar - cor ) cur;-acw[r, ccir, cowqr: ger, gor. 
 Fjr, fusr, fsr, far, afar, for, fur, fqr: vtr, heviqn ser. sjr, sur,- 
 sr, sor, swor;-swar sowr: [sor, asaqr: rsi^r. wja^r, huaqr. 
 Muir, mayor, mar. mq,r: n[^r, enihwar, nar,unawar, nohwar. 
 
 R wi a vowel foloirj struc up. Opqra, pari: bu.ro;-boro, beri, 
 huro, baro: tjro, tori, tari: d[ari, dari, dowri: ^ari, ^cri: jqri, 
 Hejj.ra. hejro: cweri, hicori;-cari, curi;-cwori: gori, Fjri. 
 
 fiiri;- fari, t'uro: feri, t'ora: vari. aviari: teori. turo: sori, soro, 
 swerra: yq,gi;ri. iMiri;-meri, man;-^noro, maro^ naro, unwari. 
 
 L final struc do ton. Apsl. pel pil, puiT, pul, pjl;-pal, pol, opal; 
 aperl: bil, beryl. b[l. bul;-bal, bel, bewaT. bol;-bed: te-yl. tjl. tuil; 
 tal, tol, hotel;-tffl, towel: jdsal/diiel, dual, djalj-dsl. dwel, dul;- 
 dol: cjil: juol, jil, coujsl:- jal: cil, cuil, cwil. csl;- scwal. col, 
 <:wal, cwcl:-cowl: g|l, gal. gol, ge-1. Fil. fjl, feryl, foil. 
 
 facl;-fsl, fal. fel. fol;-fowl, ferl: vjl, vial, vcl:- val, aval, avowal, 
 vowel: hwisl. asal, Imsl: weal, sach-haal. Md. mil, mjL 
 
 iiiq,!; mal. mol: ncl. nal, nel, iubal, unwcl, anel. 
 
 L wicl a vowel fol.oiy struc up. Puli, pilo. bapili: bilo, bjlfr;- 
 bdo. belo, beli: witili. watili, tali, talo, owtler, liotli, hertili: dnii, 
 widli, dali, dda, dali, odli: qili: hujli, ;eli, joii: wsc-li, tcwali: 
 eali, gali. Folo, felo, foli, falo: hevili, vali, voli: eili, wjli. 
 Melo.houili, houiili: uuli. uuiioii. 
 
TABLES OF R AND L. 
 
 ?. f r'a> ft.ru f ilmon. Pu/: beryl/, buj, aba/: hwjtij, hwjtwoj: 
 dij. duj: jnij: < a/. FiJ. Me/. ma/. muf: na/. 
 
 A' w7 a cow/ folo : y -Uritc tip. Bu/i. ba/ff: ti/q,. Nff/sa. 
 In /If folerir) tabl, r, /, and/ wil onli bs mqrct hwcn ritn wid a 
 hue: in tf\ ud'.jr case*. da obn & nil. 
 
 7W/ 2. Wunls o" mar <1;in 2 Consonant*. 
 
 R ittifnj vtmc up. Rspar, rgapEi- repire-tunt; r|pn, rcpjn, rr- 
 cipn, rapen; rtpubiiic: rubi/; robqri: ratifj; rjtli, ratal, rail, reU- 
 lint; rittjr, rctir, rstras, rsittjrat, retort, r?tcirdj rutoric. retract; retan ' 
 ritn, ritii), rctentiv, rotund, rota/on; rjthand, rjtaijg/: redub/d, rid- 
 icq/, radica/; rediis, reduc/on; redolent, rudimqnt, redundant: rj- 
 qu, riyez: rejeryj, rejon, rgjqnsi: react, reac/on, rccovqr, reco-1 
 rcceryl: rigonw, reginlar. Befp. rufiaw; rever, rivqr. rev^rs, 
 
 rovqrgns: revj_l, revel, revel, revolt; revolu/on, revela/on, revnl/on: 
 rist, ruist, rest, rust, rost; restor, restora/oa, restorativ; rustic, 
 restrict, restran, restles, resevqr, re^es, rese/on, razor, rozari; rezolut, 
 reijolu/on; reaum,re?,emibl; rean, reajn, rssgnt. recent: ra/on. Kariti, 
 rarifj,. rarli, ree-rganJE, rehcjrs: je/aps; realiti, re-yalti, re/at, re/at- 
 ig, re/ativ; relijus, rcelijiW; relic, relict, ree/ect, re/acs, re^acsa/on, 
 ree/ee/on, re/uctant; refef, rdev, re/evant; re/es, rea/ja, rea/jaa/on, 
 r(i/JKin; reli/; ra/gri, ra/wa; re/m; reZent, re/entles, reZjans; ralin. 
 reliflicwi/: remit, remat, mmatic; reman, remind, ramqnt, reman- 
 dqr, remnant: rent, rownd, rant, rend, rowndabowt, render; ranj; 
 rins, rana, rung; ransid, ransac, ransom. 
 
 R loicl a vowl prfssr/iy strw down. Herapow, hwacrupow, hor- 
 puiw; Eruj)/o, irupfon: herabow*, hwarabowf, orbit; q,rbifQr, ar- 
 bifra/f; rbq/u*; qrbor, harbor; horib/, werrW, araW; hq,rbinJQr 
 iri<:ib/, iri-ta?, iriH-te"'. ivita/ow; heriifaj; eratic, heretic, qrtic/. ora- 
 <orica/, articula*; qrtifi^, q,rtifi/u'l; hurtfu/, q,rtfnl, hq,rtfe/?; qrtin 
 ri, orator, oratori; hcirtren/A//; ciitle*, htirde*; eraium: <irdor. 
 , eni-dU. crudi/?m; hercflfitari. qrdor. luirrfcr. 
 
 werrdw. 
 
19 STENOPHOXOGRAFHEE. 
 
 qrfjbi/op. qrgqri. urc;i. ctrgnes: ffiji^; orijiw, orijina/, urjqnt. 
 
 urjqnsi: ereci. erec/b, heroica/ orach argiinifj/tf; hjerogfifioy. 
 
 OrifiJ, werrfar, hwarfor, erfaw: arjyaZ, hqrvert, arv&yel: hwar- 
 wider/: wurrf, are*, aristoicrasi; hwawoewjr; arlzn, horjrn, hori- 
 zontal; qwenic: wurjip: 13311?-. Hjerqrci: herald, ep-Woni; 
 horoloji; werrljc; hwqrhviwrf; hjrHr), arleri): hqrini/, wxirmwud; 
 aromadc, hqrmerica/; anuo'r, qnnori; ^nni, hqrmoui; woraw?. a-, 
 rowwrf, eran?, erand, aran?, worawte, woran^ab/, oriental; ara?y, 
 oraj; eroneus, qrn&yf, qmoy^no?; ara'wmq^;. 
 
 Z inifal struc up. Lap*; lepqr, lepar^: lob*^r; ljba_/b; labor, 
 libtjrti, lib<jra<; labomfori; lib^j-tsw; lubricai. lerbracgr; labefriu*; li- 
 b^ra/ow, ljbra/o; laborer, Ijbmri; libq?-al; labiriut; Ijab/, labial, 
 label, lj.be/; lj_belu^: laritu?; litiju*; litiga^; leti^f, lati?, li/-hows; 
 Ijtram; litqr, Ijt^r; let^r, latqr, leytqr, lo^ri; litq?-qte; litqmgur, li- 
 turji, lit^mri, litqml, lat^-al; Ikl, laili; lj<n, lati??, litani, la^qn^ lu- 
 tenant, l[<De*, Ijinir): Iffdib/; ledatori; ludicrus; ladijip; lad^r; la- 
 d; ladw, led, lerdanum: laqei: lejibl; lejifima/; lojic; lejwlagur; 
 lej^r, lojer, lej^rAmaw; IEJOM, leje^rf: lnc\ihrafo>/; locat, loceti 
 licwid, licwidat; lewjiir; kcaj; licwifi; lac*, lac^iti, locwaiiti, lo- 
 cust; lecsicow; l[cwjs: locwajus; *'.^rcum-locil/o>?, \&cafon; Iqc^r, 
 licor, lac^-; lucrariv; lucwerm; Ijcli, locqZ; locomq/bw; IJCM; la- 
 cowic: lugnbriu*; legate; ligagu/; legasi; lega/o; lugjiiri, lug- 
 gsurius; loga?-itmr; legal; ligament; ligneus. LqfaW, 
 , Ijfbo^; le-fti, left, Iqftqr, Ijftim; lerfu/; Ijfle*: leviti; liridj 
 levjataw; lavi/; le^^r. luvqr, liv^n; leve/, luvli; lev: litografi; le- 
 tq?-ji: lod*um: li?p; Isstj list, lest, Inst, Ivst, l&s\\t, hi*ti; 
 luster; lusid; lamias; la^rai; Ipsum; laai; lizard: luftw: 
 Livrid; limpid; limbqr, lumb^?-; limit; linifatic; lemo; lame^V, Iq- 
 miua?; leniti, lend, land; lunatic; lundscap; line, Iqnq, lunq: linsaj! 
 lowum; linear; linsavi^nt; linen; lenyejnt; liqc; liggqr, legt. 
 
 L will o. vowel presedig struc down. 81op; clap*: alibj, elbo; 
 album: alt-itii^; ol^r. oltar, welter, ultra; ilit^ra^: ol^rcaybn; ol- 
 t^rafon, alitgra/<?; alt^rnat; ultima^: oldest, ol^r, ok/en; olrfjr- 
 
TABLES OF B AND L. II 
 
 man: yulajium; alejyans: elect, alicwot; elecitrisiti; alcov; tlic- 
 ftq rhslic,?; zlccfon, e\oc\\fou; alcohol, alcalj; alcemi; elocwtjnt; 
 aligator; alegafon; alegori; oligarci; ilzgal; elegant. Alfabe^; al- 
 sviat, elevat; aliivia/; elev: glmt, iliwt; ela-ydc; elu*ida?; eliiny, 
 ilil*iv; ulsqmfon- haliinnnfon: digyaw: elre'tS; alqri; alqrm: 
 haleLuya: helmed; eleEmo^inari; alimoni; ilnmiaat, element, ali- 
 mqnt, alm^nt; eleincnitari, alimentari; olmawac; almonqn alyen- 
 at, wolntrt; elegga^ alyena/o; wilignc^. 
 
 inifal stntc up. Zephqr<7; Jiprec; JapLe Jutl: /ad^r: fa- 
 
 cl; /icanqri: Jilgar; /ag/iw: Jifr, /aft: Jii?^/-; Jived /i. 
 
 ^ZOT'C/ a vowel presedigstruc down. Wijfu?: ajamc/. 
 
 R itttgrmediat, str/tc up. Pefrifj; pjraf, upmi#, uprj^, op^ra?, pu- 
 
 riti, pariti; period, parad, parodi; peraj; pqrifj; poro^iti, paraqt, 
 
 parwjd; parasol; peri/, parij; oprafon; upror; pnirig?^; pvigril, 
 
 parol; parcftic; para/j^; para/el: obc?nrasi; berid; barraq, barac^; 
 
 berev; bariqr, barrqr, boi-oqr; oblit^at; bare, barow: terib/; it^r- 
 
 at, turef, owtr^; owtraj; tcracweus; terif[, tarif; tera*; tram?; teror, 
 
 teri*jr; tirani, ovvtruw, tjrawf. tOT$nt; t^an*parqw<; tol^rdbl, to^i'coitj 
 
 tempqrans; timornr, tcmeriti: di^paraj; deziroibl; de^jru?; derj_d; 
 
 dcroga^ori; derjv; dq,ra/o, derijwr, derc/ic<; dura?w; de/iriu*, de/i- 
 
 rium: qerub; qerubim; qario<: cwo<fraw<; ec^periqw*; awelera?; 
 
 acurai, cara^, care/; cored; caraj; caravan; curiu?, care*, acurasi; 
 
 cwsrirf; curiqr, carer, cariqr; cworam; cobergM/, curq<. cura?zt; 
 
 clerical: egrilantf; egr'ajfjrat Fo^foric; feref; foraj; forum, fo- 
 
 rew, KuriJ: vjcariu*; variaW; veriti, Tarjcti; vcrif[; variu*, vera^iti, 
 
 voradti; veraju*, vora/u*; orqn-jd, orej?T<j, or^rml. orqrrnn; vir- 
 
 nlqnt. vini^ns: teoi^. terrirt: jpurin^, 'eon^pirasi; e-steriti; *tr- 
 
 aj; historic, his^erics; asroomi; *qmp: Jeraf; Jeralyo; *jrew, Je- 
 
 rs?z; wreniti, ^erenarf; jeleriti: em/m-ic; emperor, empre-i; embara*; 
 
 ma^uriti; ml?ml, meri<; maraj; moroco; miror; memorawf/um; 
 
 mare?/: narat, iiarayow. 
 
 R ii' termed! at, struc doicn. Port, pqrf, apqrt; upward: boicf , 
 rJ: bvurw, bor, bur?/, ber. bar, bar#: terrt, tj.r^, owtwan/; 
 
12 8TENOPHONOGRAPHER, 
 
 tnrci, owtwurc; tnntfarrm: dEform; "disrarm; di?qr; dgrt, d ,.. 
 dir, adaw; downwiri <j irt; wojwu'c?: ecfp-j-t, ecfp-^rt. ec.- 
 pjrc?; ecstarrt; cirp, curb; cq,rcis; cargo; cor?, coqrs, caqmv, cor#- 
 ^r; csrrrc: c/jrc; ctervay utt l^-^rj. fjrj'jri; f:rrc; f.rrm, fq,rm, 
 
 fi.rsjd; firloc; ferrmjV; ftrrm'ila; f,r; .vuport, ?port; .?faart, st'lird. 
 "t^rt: ?iurfli; rf trr; ^^rv; .rtorm; WSTM: *is< ;r: si?.orz. ,urp w; as- 
 ?<, asffrt, *errt; .mj; .?qrcii; Jcjrcu?; *ircanic; *qrc/; .qrcu/a<: f^"C, 
 Jtirf; *urfa*; .vurva, survaor, jw^rv: jwerrdi; jwerrm; *urmj/; *qr- 
 mow, urmow<; smart. Me^iir^: mjjrli; wint/waref; iufcrrm, 
 yunifernr, inward. 
 
 [3is tabl wil bs contimid hwen de rule for yuaig ds hues Jal bar 
 bia ecspland. Ss lesn 14.] 
 
 LESNS. Plus and Povfon. 
 
 13. At dis peryntde reporter degjrig tu y^a de croni1d 
 pap^r, Eud comens ynaig it ecscl^sivli for hia rjtig ecsgr- 
 sjaea, regq,rdig bob plas and poaifion. (Se de Qmerican 
 Reporter fe-r 1852-' 53.) 
 
 14. He fore plasea ov de vowela hwen ritn separatli q,r, 
 upon de Ijn, abuv de Ijn, and belo de Ijn. In yxiaig dubl- 
 rq,ld papgr, (hwiq ia f q,r prefqrabl,) de logr Ijn ia dat refqrd 
 to; de upgr Ijn beig plast at de proper hjt for de botom ov 
 de ftjrst plas strocs and de top ov de bgrd plas strocs. Eni 
 form ma be ritn in fere plasea, de end ov de ftjrst obljc err 
 perpendicular str^c beig abuv, upon, or belo de Ijn. And 
 hweneve,r it wil render vocaljaafion in reportig unnesesari, 
 a wurd fiud be ritn in de plas ov its dominant vowel. 
 
 15. Fve dominant vowel ov a wurd ia yugnali an ac- 
 sented, a compownd, er an ecstgrnal vowel; but hwenev.-r 
 eni vowel distiggwifiea a wurd from sum udr, it becum-ide 
 
DISTINCTION OF PLACE. 13 
 
 dominant vowel, unles it ocij,pj?! de sam plas wid de vowel 
 ov de wurd from hwiq it ia tu be distiggwifit, hwen sum 
 udgr vowel in wun ov de wurda must be selected tu govern 
 de plas, or tu be inserted in vocal jain. 
 
 16. Re inifial vowel ov wurda comensig wid em-, en-, 
 ecs-, err ega-, ned not be inserted. 
 
 17. It wil be sen dat a vowel, err a horizontal stroc, ma 
 be ritn upon a lovel wid de top ov a fe,rst plas pc;rpendicu,- 
 lar or obljc consonant. % cal dis de aspirated err upejr plas; 
 aud it ma be yq,ad for wurda contanig an aspirated fcjrst 
 plas vowel; aa, hue , ce 1 , ac 2 , cow 3 . 
 
 p 1 p 2 p 5 
 
 6t, at, etj, a ; , ev, Eg, il, scr, et, tua, erf, oa, or, 
 od, pel, JE, jer, me, jn, ter lor, rer, rj, ro, ru, bi, mj, bow, boy, eery, ra 
 vow, jory, owt, her, owr, nat, hsd, hcd, hst, hat, hit, here, hevi, oc, 
 huni. hop, liapi, hat, here, h v, hjt, ''uc, hjr; gsr 1 , cam 2 , psc/, buc 1 , 
 bac 2 , bac :1 , dece-y 1 , deca 2 , dig 1 , day' 2 , dog 1 , lep 1 , lap :i . 
 
 *. SL& distirj/oii ov wurda bj difji\ps ov plas ia ilustrated ia As 
 foloii) tabl, hwig compr^eg erl dat it ia important tu distiygwi/iti 
 dis wa. 3c clasificajja ia cntirli ovferrm. S.^t wurda and fraaea 
 ooli qr insqrtcJ, IIWIQ ma bs rita ia efrdiaari reportirj wi<lo\vt vo- 
 i:al^aa/oa. It laasamtjnu be fawad <lat a frecw^ntli recuriij wurd 
 wil bs sufijqntii lejibl hwen unvocaliad, i-ldo tacig a ferrm and a 
 plas aprapriated ia tk foloiy tabl to ul jr wui-di; but sug l;sQnse<s 
 Jud bs veri corjusli tacn, until da q,r sag/on I bj ecspm ;ns. 
 
 cts rjt sgrul err hue, ia dat in trasitj iwig de uaiid miuva from 
 left to r[t. Hwen it stindi alon, As r[t s -rcl is tu bs yiv'.d; and 
 ff r o, jerynd to IE foloig wurd, /ud be ritn, b[ lis^us, iu d: sain 
 man^r; but hwen jorynd to Az prEsediij wurd, (ILs lj_s>jns is uunes, 
 jsari, Ecsepjona a^ if, aa do, 
 
STENOPnONOGRAPHER. 
 
 DISTIJfCSON 07PLBS. 
 DOTS AND SERCLZ. 
 
 O 
 
 hs him 
 
 hia 
 
 hia ia 
 
 1 ds in 
 
 ig 
 
 ia big, ia ag 
 
 2 da and 
 
 ag 
 
 aa hia, aa ia 
 
 3 dar, dar a, an 
 
 haa 
 
 hag hi?, haa 
 
 DAEEZ. 
 
 1 tu, tra tu, to ia crl j hiu, hium Jud trm ia de 
 b ta h<jr how o upon f<y r un i eg 
 3 1 ov qr no v or on bscffa from 
 
 ^ ws wid wui wild ye, ysr, ysld yoi, yiur 
 
 wjr, wa hwen \vo wun di hav, ya yet 
 ' aw<l WJF hwot daer hav bsymd 
 
 SIMPL STROC3. 
 
 Sol Leyt Stracs. 
 
 ) wp, pe, hep bj, tu be, bay 
 
 2 up, pa, hop bs, oba, bo 
 
 5 hapi object, bow, abi 
 
 1 tjm, et, hst, tj di, dq,, dif ;r;nt, difqnna 
 
 2 it, hat, wat dm, da, lied 
 
 3 at. owt, ort had. aj, od, adr.-rtia, -meat 
 
DISTINCTION OF PLACE. 
 
 15 
 
 1 q, wig, cjt; 
 
 2 hwiq 
 
 3 mug, woe; 
 
 hue 
 
 1 wee, comitr, comit 
 
 2 cum, wac, yoc 
 
 3 cam, oc, cow 
 
 1 if, fa, fs, huf 
 
 2 f^rst, fo 
 
 3 hqf , erf 
 
 1 yuit, hst, tj 
 
 2 tigc, fat, ot 
 
 3 tanc, hat, towaand 
 
 1 S, yus, his 
 
 2 so, sa, yes 
 
 3 us, sor, hows 
 
 1 /, wij, i/n 
 
 2 Jal, Jo 
 
 3 wo/, a/ 
 
 1 her, hjr, wsri 
 
 2 o\vr, area, hoari 
 
 3 hwar, war, awar 
 
 1 lj, In, hil. il 
 
 2 wil, wel, la 
 
 3 ler, hoi, holi. holi 
 
 hwim 
 
 1 me, mj 
 
 2 ma, am 
 
 3 am, horn 
 
 1 eni, nil, (in) 
 
 2 no, on 
 
 3 na, anery 
 
 jery, huj, JU 
 
 aj, wa J> e J 
 
 j^ 
 
 hwig 
 
 giv, givn, ergailyari 
 
 togedjT, gav, egaampl 
 
 go, ago, garanti, garants 
 
 vu, EV, vj. 
 hav, hevi, wav 
 row, avow 
 
 de. dj 
 dem, (da) 
 do, dow 
 
 woa, waa 
 huaq 
 
 fl 3 ya 
 
 jvori, wev^r 
 
 ev^r, ev^ri 
 
 ovjr, however, avqr 
 
 e-lredi 
 larj, dolar 
 
 imprvuv, impriuvm^nt 
 1 ma be, hemp, hump 
 important, imperrtans 
 tin, CngliJ, wir) 
 langwaj, yun, oirj 
 hag, hur) 
 
16 
 
 BTEMOPHONOGEAPHEE. 
 
 H<if L^t Strocs. 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 htpt 
 put, pit 
 pad, wept, hopt 
 apt, pat, hopt 
 
 betwtn, bid, bet 
 obad, bed, bot 
 bad, abowt, bfft 
 
 
 
 heted. hiutcd 
 
 htded. huded 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 it wu<l 
 et tu 
 at it, twt 
 
 did, dsd, d[d 
 ded, dac, det. heded 
 dowt, aded, had had, had it 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 <jt, gjd, hwig wud 
 hwuj it 
 gat, wergt, hwig had 
 
 jeryd, jud 
 ajed, wajd, jet 
 jot 
 
 
 
 huct 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 cwjt 
 act, wact, yoct 
 cut cert 
 
 gud 
 get, gat, got. god 
 God 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 if it, fit, fed, fjt, fat, find 
 aftqr, fat, fad, f d 
 oft, fat 
 
 averyd, veryd, vud, vjd 
 yot, hav had, wavd 
 avowd, vowd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 tigc it 
 tert 
 
 widowt 
 dat 
 
 3 
 
 tagct, te-d 
 
 do it 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 hiest, liist, heryst 
 sst, yest, wist 
 establij, hast, wast 
 hast, wost, astonij 
 
 J8 it, yuad, ezd 
 az it 
 h it, hazowed 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 wift. Jet, Jmt, i/nd 
 fal it, /od, Jut 
 
 /OYVt, WO/t 
 
 
DISTINCTION OP PLACE. 
 
 17 
 
 her it 
 
 1 arjt 
 
 2 hart, q,rt, hurt 
 
 3 hwar it 
 
 hilt 
 
 1 l^t, wil it, wilt 
 
 2 let, lat 
 
 3 lot, aljt, alot 
 
 1 mjt, met. omit, miit, muit 
 
 2 met, mat, mot 
 
 3 mat 
 
 hint 
 
 1 into, njt, yunit, yunit 
 
 2 not, went, hunt 
 
 3 not. tint, hqnt, ant 
 
 hjrd 
 
 red, werid 
 
 hqrd, wurd, hard, hurid 
 
 hqrd, yqrd, word, award 
 
 held 
 
 led, wjld, Iqd, Ijd, lid 
 led, lad, old, hold, held 
 lowd, alowd 
 
 imsdiat, -li, mid, amid, muid 
 mad, mod, amd, mud 
 mad 
 
 hjnd 
 
 nsd, wjnd, wind, wuind 
 undt^r, end, comend, ond 
 hand, wownd, hownd 
 
 K*T INIZAL SEKCL. 
 
 Wid Hoi Leyt Strocs. 
 
 spre, sprj, swepgr 
 spirigual, spra, spur 
 supqr, sapgr 
 
 swgtqr, stni, sutor 
 stra, st^r. setqr 
 strer 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 1 ses, consjs 
 
 2 is so 
 
 3 haa so, scrs 
 
 sea, sjz 
 sea 
 as woa 
 
 str, sjr, suqr 
 s^r, sor, swor 
 swar, sowr 
 
 sever 
 savyor, savor, 
 
 ssdar, s|dqv 
 consider 
 sadqr, haa had 
 
 dcscrjb, scripqui, scru, sic^r 
 subscrjb, socrjr. sucqv 
 
 selfij 
 
 aa Jal, snj 
 
 sem, swim, consum 
 sum, sani 
 sqm, swam 
 
18 
 
 STENOPIIONOGRAI'IIEK. 
 
 Wid HqfLegt Strocs. 
 
 1 spirit 
 2 spred, spurd 
 3 sprowt 
 
 strst, stnid 
 strat, slrad, st^rd 
 
 1 
 
 serd 
 
 2 consort 
 3 serrt. consort 
 
 surd, soml, sword 
 sowrd 
 
 secret, secret, descrjbd 
 
 sacred, consecrat, sub- 
 
 [scrjbd 
 
 smjt 
 
 sumhwot, sumit, smot 
 
 consumat 
 
 LEFT INIZAL SERCL. 
 
 Wid. Ilol Leyt Strocs, 
 spc, swep, sp[, suvp, spu, 
 
 subject, suberrdinat 
 subtract, sob 
 
 sjd, consfid, sud, sudo 
 sed, sod 
 
 2 spejol, spoc, sup, sop 
 
 3 sap, sop 
 
 1 siti, sit, sjt, swt, sut 
 
 2 srt, set, sta, sto 
 
 3 sat, sent, satisfj, satisfactori sad, sod 
 
 1 ssc, sic, scj sEet, suit suid, sjd, sii 
 
 2 sac, soc, sue set swad 
 
 3 sac, soc sowt, swot az do 
 
 1 Ijz, Iraa, luis, hila sfilrjr, conselgr 
 
 2 les, lag, wila salor, sel^r, selor, solar 
 
 3 lere, lers, alas (up) 
 
 1 sen, sin, sjn, sun 
 
 2 sun, son, sno 
 
 1 sped, spjt 
 
 2 swept, spad 
 
 3 spot, spowt 
 
 sig, siggular, swig 
 sug, swug 
 so-rj, sag 
 
 Wid Hqf Leyt Strocs. 
 
 seted, stud, silted 
 
 stad, sted sect 
 
 satisf[d scowt, sact, scot 
 
DISTINCTION OF PLACE. 
 
 19 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 swift, sift conssvd sdd, conssld sind, sind 
 a?, if it savd sold, sweld send 
 serft sownd, sand 
 
 R*T FiNAL SERCL. 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 opiuycma, pina twiua, tsna, twjjiz 
 pana, pens, opna contana, tuna 
 hapna, powns at wuns, towna 
 
 dsnominajona 
 dens, providqns 
 dans, ffdicjns, dcrna 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 yqsea, hisea yqaea 
 so aa, so ia wos aa, woa hia 
 ases, asea howaea 
 
 Js ia, wijea, i/ua, Jiua 
 Joa: con/us 
 a/ea, wo/ea 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 her ia, hsra, era mjself, mis, amu/i 
 wars, arja, eras amaa, ama 
 hwaraa, haras maa, homa, amas 
 
 ^imprmvmqnts, impins 
 impoa 
 imposibl, imposibiliti 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 ia its her its, her it ia reda mets, omits 
 aa it ia q,rts, hq,rts wuudz, htjrda mats 
 haz its hwar it ia awerda mats 
 
 LEFT F*NL SERCL. 
 Wid Hoi Lcyt Strocs. 
 
 1 pes, weps, hsps b[ hia, abua, be-ya, b[a 
 
 2 hops, paa, opoa, pas obaa, bas, baa, boa 
 
 3 pas, pera objects, bowa 
 
 1 tjmz, itself, twjs gnia, (jo-ys relijus, jus, j 
 
 2 it ia, its, hats hwiq ia, goa ajea, wajez, ejea 
 
 3 at hia, hats muc; aa, wogea jffa 
 
 hues 
 
 1 wees, comiteg, comits, cis 
 
 cuma, cas, wacs, yocs 
 co-a, acua, wacs, cowa 
 
 Hwiga 
 
 giva, gms, gss 
 egaampla, ges, gaa 
 goa, garantia 
 
20 
 
 STEXOrHOXOGRAPHEB. 
 
 1 if his, coufua, ftz vua, verys, vjs, EVS dsz, d[self 
 
 2 fas, efas, foa wava, vas (dis,) oda 
 
 3 ofis, haf 02 vowa, avowa, hqva doa, dus 
 
 1 sd, seryl, consel 
 
 2 ag wel, sol, slo 
 
 3 sali, slow 
 
 influ^ns, nua, nerya tirja, wina 
 noa, comens, hens langwajea 
 naa, aneya hana 
 
 WIS, HqfLeyt Strocs. 
 1 if it ia, ffda widowt hia sljt, saint 
 
 2 fats, fadz 
 
 3 fats 
 
 dat ia 
 do it ia 
 
 consult, slat 
 serlt 
 
 into hia, n[ts 
 nots, hunts 
 not aa, ants 
 
 38 ^ INIZAL HUG. 
 
 2 upejr, pra 
 
 3 practis, practist 
 
 1 trj, tni, trut, tre durin, dm, dr[ 
 
 bru, 
 
 member, remember 
 
 number 
 
 2 
 
 uttjr wund^r, odor nac,q,r, natural 
 
 3 
 
 owtqr drer 
 
 woqqr 
 
 1 
 
 crj, wcjr, cru 
 
 agre, gru,, eg^r 
 
 2 
 
 ocur, caract^r, concur, ac^r 
 
 gro, gra 
 
 3 
 
 acru 
 
 e-gqr 
 
 1 
 
 fre, frj tre, etqr 
 
 eclfjr, hwidijr, widtjr 
 
 2 
 
 confer, fra tro 
 
 (dar) wed^r 
 
 3 
 
 oftjr, afra trtor 
 
 udqr, Invedqr 
 
 1 
 
 mer, yiimor 
 
 ner, in^r 
 
 2 
 
 mor 
 
 nerr, onr 
 
 3 
 
 remqrc, haraqr 
 
 man^r, onor 
 
 1 
 
 particular, pi-jd 
 
 brjt, brqt, bruid, brsd 
 
 2 
 
 oportuniti, prat 
 
 bred, brad 
 
 3 
 
 piowd 
 
 brcrt, brerd, abrffd 
 
DISTINCTION OF PLACE. 
 
 1 tnt, trjd, trjt 
 
 2 toward, trad, utqrd, tred 
 
 3 trod, trot, trowt 
 
 1 cr[d, cred, cmd 
 
 2 acerrdir), ocurd 
 
 3 crowd, acrud 
 
 drjd, adre-yt 
 
 dred 
 
 drowt 
 
 agred, grsd 
 grat, grad, g^rd 
 ergqrd, hagard 
 
 1 frq,t, frjt, frjd ajqrd, Jnid in order tu 
 
 2 ofrad, conftjrd, frat uford, Jred, J^rt inqrt 
 
 3 oferd, frerdjfro-t /art, Jrowd ouord 
 
 3S L INIZAL HUG. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 pis, comply, plj 
 pgpl, pla 
 apli, plow, apl 
 
 bslsv, bhi 
 abl, bio 
 hobl 
 
 til 
 
 it wil, tcl 
 tuitilj 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 clu, clo-y 
 cerl, cla 
 clcr, eclq, 
 
 
 gl, gl,.gl't 
 glo, ugli, glorias 
 hagl 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 fli, fls, fin 
 
 ful, full, flcD 
 
 \Vvl 
 Evl 
 
 onli 
 nolcj, anul 
 
 3 erf ul, flcr 
 
 valii, hovel 
 
 1 complct, plsd, pljt bled, bl[t 
 
 til it 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 plat, plad, pled 
 apljd, plot, plod 
 
 cloyd 
 co-Id, cold 
 clowd, clad, clod 
 
 abl tu, blud, bled 
 blot, hobld 
 
 gljd, glqd 
 gold, glod, glut 
 glad 
 
 told 
 until 
 
 flit, 
 
 flc<t, 
 flat, 
 
 it 
 
 fist, flit, fhU 
 tlocl, flot 
 flo-d 
 
 38 FiNAL N HUG. 
 
 1 opiuyon,pin corab[n, biun tin, tun, twjn denoininajon, din 
 
 2 qpn, pan bin, bon, ban contan, ten dun, dan, den 
 3hapn, pa-n ban ~ town,"atan down, dern 
 
22 
 
 STENOPHONOGRAPHER. 
 
 ween, cwen, csn, cin begin 
 can, can, wacn agen, gan, bsgnn 
 gern, gown, wagon 
 
 widin, djn, heden 
 den 
 
 awacn, con 
 
 svniij, couvni, vm 
 svn, van, hevn 
 van 
 
 dan 
 
 1 Jun, relijon 
 
 2 jeryn 
 
 3 Jon, ajeyn 
 
 1 fjn, confjn 
 
 2 fan, fonografi 
 
 3 often, fan 
 
 1 Jjn, comijon j,i'ou, hgrin l[n, Isn, Ijon 
 
 2 esen/al, hasn /con, Jun, ojan aran, qm, yqrn alon, alyen, Ian 
 
 3 asjn comojon wffm, owr on Ian 
 
 1 mjn, men, men, mmn 
 
 2 man, human, omen 
 
 3 man [human ] 
 
 [mpun 
 impenetrabl 
 impontl .jrabl 
 
 yunyon, njn 
 nan, non, nun 
 non, anou 
 
 1 ape-ynt,pjntbjnd, combmd tint, tund did not, dint 
 
 2 pant, opnd bend, bent tend, contend dm not. dand 
 
 3 pownd bond, abownd atend, tqnt had not, dand 
 
 1 jentlmen,jo-ynt cannot, wecnd fjnd, conf jnd convsnd 
 
 2 jentlman acovvnt, wacnd fownd,fund,fant vend, vent 
 
 3 ajeryndjq,nt cownt, cant fond, coiifownd avqnt, vqnt 
 
 1 jrond wil not, knd 
 
 2 ^rnd, arand, Vcjrnd lend, lent, land 
 
 3 worant, arownd land 
 
 mjnd, mint 
 
 ma not, ment, amend 
 
 amownt, mownd 
 
 ae FJNAL SON HUC 
 
 2 pajon, po/on tui/on 
 
 3 compajbn, opjon cornutajon 
 
 1 ccwa/on, cu/on confi^oii, 113 
 
 2 acjon, concujoii confejon 
 
 3 cerjon^ffc/on fa/on, afugou 
 
 edijon 
 
 coudi/on 
 
 adi/on 
 
 vigou 
 
 EV83011 
 
STENOrilOXOGKArilER. 23 
 
 mijon, omijon, Einijon inferrma/oa 
 
 2 dajon, lojou mojon, cmojon najon 
 
 3 alugon no/on 
 
 [3is tabl wil bs continue! in lesn 14.] 
 
 j. 3.Z distig/on ov wurda b[ dif^rtjns or fonografic owtljn, p^r- 
 haps ds c,ef ce-a ov As pecqjyor lejibiliti ov fonografi, ma bs mor 
 apropriatli Jon afttjr tie ecsplanajou ov tte sqrcla and huca hwig 
 aford tie, oportuniti for SUQ a vaqeti ov form. 
 
 k. S.E foloir) wurda nesesarili tac a fols plas for As sac ov dis- 
 tigfon from udtjra ovds sam form. (Sg Oba^rvajong.) 
 
 Can-not 1 , men 1 ; do 3 , doa 3 , dus 3 , udtjr 3 , lir, us 3 , go 3 , hoi 3 
 hoh 3 , holi 3 , horn 3 , cam 3 , Imn 3 , cut 3 , ovejr 3 , flsya 3 , oc 3 , ventjur 3 , 
 na 3 , muq 3 , until 3 , no/on 3 . 
 
 1. 3.S foloir) wurda fo-lsli tac ds second plas, ferr ds sac ov cou- 
 veny^ns, and q,r dus distiggwi/t from ud^ra ov ds sam ferrm. 
 
 A a, and, dat, it, or, for, hwic,, hav, wil, woz, bin, can, dui, nerr 
 tigc, owr, aftqr, ful, tfft, act, yu3u a l, svn, cffl, acerrdig, condijou, 
 laggwaj, o*t tu, oportuniti, evl, nolej acjon, tuijoii, pajon, jeryn. 
 
 . GAPTER i. 
 
 Mj asojiats lira hav asisted me in prepacrig ds Obaqrvajonz, <\.r 
 aa foloa, and wil be designated, ed^r bj ds iaifala or bj ds ref^rqns 
 mq,rcs ataqt to dar nama : 
 
 Wilyam Henri Bur B || 
 
 W. Blar Lerrd L } 
 
 Wilyam G. Pq,rchurst P t 
 
 Fjlo M. Slocum S \. 
 
 and mj on designa/on wil bs Ed * 
 
 i Jal f ulo ds laggwaj ov de nots f urni/t me aa neiii aa practicabl, 
 macig sug qanjca, howevqr, bj stqcig owt or rearanjig, a?, ma be 
 nesesari tu avo-yd yusles repcti/ona, and tu sccur de gratcst con- 
 
24 STENOPHONOGRAPIIER. 
 
 sjsnes. Hwar substan/oli As, sam er contrari opiuyona qr ecsprest 
 j fal adopt but wun, indicatir) de tenor ov dg ud(;ra bj simpl marcs 
 ov ascnt er disent; in suq casea yuaii) ds rcfgr^ns mqrcs givn 
 abuv, folod bj ) for nsent 
 
 [ disent 
 
 dowt 
 
 clus, ||) wud indicat MT Bur haa ecsprest substanjali As sain 
 opinyon, or adopts de sam mod ov rjtin. 
 
 Aa it ma frecw^ntli hapn dat m[ compilajon dus mad wil be 
 sent to As pres widowt mj havirj had an oportuniti tu confer wil 
 01 m[ asojiats tu asqrtan hwedijr j hav proptjrli und^rstud and 
 repreaented dar vua, sug corccjona aa ma be nesesari wil be mad 
 in ds last qaptqr ov Obstjrvajona. 
 
 3.6 refqrgnsea in parentessa qr to de numbgrir) ov dis wurc. 
 
 Holdiy $E Pcnsil, Sfs- [3.] 
 
 L. Hwen j comcnst fonografi, hwig woa in dg Senat ov de Y- 
 S-, i held mj pensil bstwsn de f^rst and second firjgqra, aa recom- 
 ended bj Mesura Pitman and Prosqr in de "Ecporter'a Manual." 
 
 i continud it for mor dan tq, yera; but fjndii) at last dat for a 
 yer j had mad no progres so fqr aa sped woa consejrnd, j trjd ds 
 comon mctod, and imsdiatli bggan tu impruiv in dat respect. 
 3e metod recomended in de Report^r'a Manual ma be ov yus, at 
 tjma, in ord^r tu rest de hand, but Jud not be trjd ecsept hwen 
 reportir) a slo spscgr: t)- If j had tu report a rapid specgr, do 
 for owra at a tjm, [ Jud yua ds comon metod. 
 
 It ia scd, j no, dat aa fonografi reewjra de hand tu muiv wid 
 scwal fasiliti in evqri direcjon, a difqrqnt metod ov holdig de pen 
 from ctat comonli practist ia nesesari. S dui not tine so. A por- 
 trat pantijr olso haa tu muiv hia hand in cv^ri direcjon, and ia 
 often obljjd tu continii hia wurc for owra; but j hav nevqr h^rd 
 ov a pantqr hiu held hia pensil err braj bstwsn de f^rst and second 
 
STENOmONOGRAPHER. 25 
 
 figgqra. Mj ecsperifjns for yera, and undqr sqrcumstansea hwar 
 ccspsriejns wud bs most conclusiv, ia desjdedli agenst ds plan re- 
 comended bj de Keportqr'a Manual, and in favor ov fa comon me- 
 tod ov holdir) As pensil err pen, hwuj, j am glad tu ss, ia reeom- 
 cnded b[ MT Lerijli. 
 
 B. I tine i hav trjd As plan recomended bj de Reportqr'a 
 Manual, cnuf tu condem it: *). 
 
 Ed. Most ov de reportqra in Congres hui had adopted dis 
 mod ov holdig <le pensil, sum ov huim hav yuad it for several 
 ysra, hav now abandond it, holi o*r in pqrt: and j tine ctar qr onli 
 wun or tu left hui yq,a it e-ltogedqr. 
 
 P. S am incljnd tu tigc dat j, can r[t fonograf i mor rapidli wid 
 a pensil dan wid a pen; but dg frecwqnsi wid hwiq pensila hav tu 
 be Jarpnd ia sumtiq ov an objecjon to dar yus. 
 
 S, \ can nevqv be struc wid ds sam sz aa / , beccra dc musla 
 ov dc fingqra naquroli mvuv in ds direc/on ov de latqr stroc, and 
 not in ds direc/on ov d:s former. 2e corda, musla, ^-s, e-1 stran 
 upon ds iusjd ov 6& lima; and, consccwqntli, erl doa hm yua ds rjt 
 hand in rjtin, can rjt wid grater rapiditi and endur lorygyr in ritiij 
 from rjt to left dan da can in rjtig from left to r[t. 
 
 3.s Consonants. Y, W, a,nd H. 
 
 L. J hav nevqr yuad de stroc sjna for y, w, and /, beco-a [ hav 
 oftqr trjal, felt satisfj_d dat da q,r wurs dan yusles. 
 
 P. i hav nevqr adopted dea caractfjra bsccra j wi/t ds tu for- 
 mijr ferr dar old yusea; and in adijon to dat j tine ds old metod ov 
 ecspresig dem ia sufifqnt ferr erl practical prnposea, espejali in 
 reportin, hwar da ar frscwqntli omited. 
 
 B. Ov dsa caractqra j hav mad yus ov onli wun, /, and dat 
 to a veri limited ecstent; and stranj tu sa, [ hav ritn it bacwardz 
 pqrhaps a towaand tjma oftnqr dan forward, havig adopted it vz 
 
26 STENOrilONOGKArHEH. 
 
 a \vurd-sjn for 1dm. In dung so [ edwaa conect it wid de prepo- 
 aijoua hwig presed it, aa j clso dui me, and dar ia no posibiliti ov 
 a conflict. It ia veri singular dat MT Pitman Jud hav adopted 
 dis stroc-sjnhwen it woa apar^nt dat it cud not be preficst torn, de 
 n hue, and ns t^rininajbn, nerr aficst to t, d, f, j, J, z, f, and , tu 
 sa notirj ov de hues. G] am not yet prepacrd tu recomend it, evn 
 1 1 wen ritn hot waa, erldo dar ia an urjemt nesesiti for sum sjn, and 
 at prea^nt j no ov non betqr. 
 
 Aa ferr w and'y, \ dui not no how ds stroc sjna apropriated to 
 dem can be spard aa hertofor yqzd ferr h and vr. At As sam tjm 
 [ hav lerr) bin imprest wid de nesesiti ov sum strocs far y and u; 
 and hav tijd in van tu invent dem. 
 
 Ed. i dui not rased from mj poaijon in 1850 dat simpl strocs 
 fffr w y and h wud be ynsful if da cud bs procurd widowt intgr- 
 ferirj wid establijt abreviajona; but dat, aa evqri avalabl simpl farm 
 had olredi bin mor yusfuli apropiated, notig remand but tu tac 
 As upward perpendicular strocs, err non. For ysra ov family aritj 
 wid ds stroc-sjna givn in ds Manual, hav strerjtnd dis convicjon. 
 
 S. 3.e sujcsqon wid regq,rd to de redig ov manuscript is a gud 
 wun. 2e fqrst sics munts ov m[ fonografic ecsperiqns wqr ttl- 
 niost entirli^lo-st, bcera j neglected dis veri perynt. 
 
 3e Vowel Seal. (4,5.) 
 
 3e number ov vowels. L. $ bslev && vowel seal /ud be ecs- 
 tended, and hav bin, for sum tjm post, in favor ov at lest a ten 
 rowel seal. 5 hav olwaa yuad ds poralel da/ for o, o: t). 
 
 P. i tujc dg increst vowel seal ia an impruiNTnqnt; fo-r it h 
 wun ov de fundamental priusipla ov fonografi aa wel aa fonotipi 
 dat evqri sownd Jud hav a def init mod ov ecspre/on. 
 
 B. Hwen yuiecstend ds vowel seal beyond 12 or at de most 14 
 simpl sownda, yui qr at ss and ma fjnd plersibl reana for ccstendig 
 dfi number to 50, for <?t j no. 3i am uncompromiauj in regqvd to 
 
STENOrnOXOGRAPHEE. 27 
 
 dis cwescjon, bslevig dat no mor vowda Jud be adopted dan can 
 In: clerli distirjgwijt bj evqri cultivated er; and if ds vowel sownd 
 in Bur, aa yu,ad b[ ds grat majoriti ov spscqra, ia difqrejnt from 
 dat in Itut, den j hav not de sr tu distirjgvvij it. 
 
 S. 38 at vowel seal macs a platform brad enuf ferr mj jdsaa 
 ov fonografi. 
 
 Se xr&njment. P. Oldo j hav not, in rnj on practis, Qanjd to 
 dg s^rctilor vowel seal, [ wud recomend a l^rnqr tu adopt dat 
 sistem. 
 
 S. Ev^r sins MT Pcirchurst haa yq,ad hwot [ at fqret consid- 
 qrd tu be a "mg sjd up sistem," [ hav depended upon hie note tu 
 asist ms in r[tig owt Congrejonal reports; and darfor, wid ds ec- 
 sepjon ov MT Parchurst himself, [ hav had a gans bet^r tu test de 
 practical yutiliti ov dis mod ov rjtig dan eni ud^r liviij man. 
 
 Wun grat embarasm^nt ov de reporter iu preparii) hia nets tor 
 de pres, ia ia des[dig hwig ov a givn clas ov wurda, tacig de sam 
 owtljn and ocupjir) ds sam poaifon, ia ds rjt wun. And i belsv dat 
 nev^r, duriq ds lost tu ysra, hwen j hav bin in dovvt abowt a ward 
 iu mj own nots, hav j fald tu hav dat dowt remmvd bj refcjrirj 
 to de nots ov MT Pq,rchurst. 
 
 3) liav witnest anudtjr advantaj ov dis aranjm^nt ov^r de old 
 wun. 3.Z vowela o o ocur mug mor frecwejntli dan m u\ and on 
 conipocrig mj nots wid doa ov MT Parchurst, [ fjnd dat [ hav 
 often carid mj hand bac to ds beginirj ov a stroc tu insejrt a vowel 
 hwicj hs haa inserted at As end; and consccw^ntli ds tjm hwiq [ 
 luia iu goig bac, he impnuva in goir) forward to ds necst wurd. 
 
 4 am darfor preti wel couvinst dat ds s^rcular vowel seal ia de 
 rjt sjd up sistem, and j intend tu adopt it az sun aa j, can get tjm 
 tu practis. 
 
 B. It ia posibl dat dacr ma be sum advantaj in dis cjanj, and if 
 j cud be ajqrd dat it wud ultiniatli be adopted, j Jud not heaitat 
 tu adopt it mjsclf. At prczqnt [ consider dg prinsipl involvd iu 
 it, and ds practical advautaj gand, aa ov tui sljt importans tu bs 
 wurt ds an. 
 
28 STENOPHONOGRAPHEn. 
 
 L. S am not prcpatrd, at dis t[m, tu rccomcnd ds adop/on ov 
 MT Pqrchurst's aranjmqnt, perhaps on acownt ov not havirj suf L- 
 Jgntli tested it. S wil sa, however, dat dg mor j egaamin hia ar 
 anjmqnt dg bet^r j Ijc it. 
 
 Ed. In adijon to dg abuv testimoni, j wil mevli refqr to ds 
 ITonografcjr ov Jqlj 1851, from hwig j ecstract dg foloig from MT 
 iaac Pitman himself: 
 
 "3x gan iz not a cwescjonabl wun: dar iz no cowntqrbalansiij cvl 
 edgr practical or teoretical, ecsept dg msr ganj ov habit wid de 
 prea^nt rjtgra." 
 
 It ia trq dat ds veri necst mnnt MT Pitman fansid dat li had 
 discov^rd bot a tgoretical and a practical gvl; but dc formqr woa 
 purli imajinari, and de latrjr woa simplide rczult ov inecsperigns, aa 
 j hav sins demonstrated practical! and matematicali. 
 
 Sg dg American Reporter for Feb- 1853. 
 
 SLe Dlftvgz and Aspirnt. 
 
 P. I ( Ijc dis mcfcod ov qtig i and oio, it bgig a savig ov tjm and 
 Ecwali lejibl wid dg old wa: J). 
 
 S. J hav fiali tested it, and hav no deajr tu f<rl bac into macig 
 *4 mq,rcs hwa:r it is onli nesesari tu mac wun. 
 
 B. If, in adoptirj a singl da/ far f, Ijsgns cud bg givn tu r[t 
 it in ty direcjona hwen it i? nesesari tu conect it wid wurda dat 
 folo, aa ia now dun wid MT Pitman'a i, j consgv dat it wud bs 
 an impruivmtjnt wurdi ov adopjoii. 
 
 Ed. Ov core if ire forma can bg alowd bj Ijs^ns, t>( can be: 
 and dacrfor dg vqrdict ia yunanimusli ferr ds singl da/. 
 
 B. Vocalja aa litl a? posibl consistent wid lejibiliti. Adhgr- 
 qns to dg rq,l ov upward and downward / and r wil j tine render a 
 grat dsl ov vocaljaa/on unneaesari dat mjt udqrwja bg recvrjrd: )t- 
 
OBSERVATIONS. 29 
 
 L. I tigc dat dfc li^m^r Jud not bg tui lavif ov hia vowcla, but 
 Jud radqr lev hia wurda unvocaljed ecsept in rjtig tu be preaqrvd; 
 for I fjnd dat de habit ov vocaljaiij hwiq j fe-rmd hwen j comenst 
 Iqrnig fonografi, ia a clog to me, espejali hwen reportig rapid 
 spectra. 
 
 Ed. It wil bs obaqrvd dat de rjtig ecsersjaea in dis buc q,r 
 so eontrjvd aa tu averyd dg evl ov unnescsari vocaljaafon. 
 
 S. 3s reportqr iu vocaljaii) wurda jenqrali ferla into de habit 
 ov brongir) owt de da/ vowela hwed^r hg iatenda tu dm so or not. 
 
 R, L, S- 3.e Up-strocs. 
 
 B. It ia ov grat impffitans dat de reporter Jud hav ficst ferrma; 
 and de fuqr rula fefr dat purpoa ds betejr in mj opinyon. Hens ds 
 jenqral rul ov macii) dg / and r upward hwen folod bj a vowel, 
 and downward hwen not, /ud be adopted in erl casea ecsept hwar 
 de ferrma qr tui 6-eward err dificult tu be profitabl. But dg grat 
 advantaj ov foloig de rul ia in dgsjfqriq de nots ov de reportqr. 
 Tu no dat a sqrtan wurd endig in / err r ia err ia not folod bj a 
 vowel wil oftentjma detqrmin dg sens ov a hoi sentqns hwar ud- 
 qrwja dar mjt be considqrabl dowt. 
 
 S Ijc de nil dat / wid a vowel presedig Jal be struc down; but 
 most ov de wurda qr ov su<j rar ocurqns dat wid dg ecsep/on ov 
 negative comensig wid ?7-, [ hav practicali pad but litl regard to 
 de rul. S rjt meni ov dgs wurda wid de upward I. 
 
 iE hav nevqr adopted eni nil in regqrd to de direcjon ov / its 
 recurqns beig so rar aa, in mj opinyon, tu rendqr eni nil unnes- 
 esari. 
 
 L. J hav nevqr strictli folod eni ml wid regard to dea conso- 
 nants, but hav often ritn dem up err down aa woa most couven- 
 yqnt from ds poai/on ov mj hand at de cloa ov de presedig wurd, 
 ecsept hwen it woa absohitli nesesari, fcrr dg sac ov distigcfou, tu 
 folo de rul. tlarfor, in de sam sentqns, j suuitima fjnd difqrqnt 
 
30 STENOPIIONOGRAPHER. 
 
 ferrma for de sam wurd. S msvli stat m[ practis, but can not rc- 
 comend it. 3) wud olwaa rjt contrari to dg nil, hwen so duiiij 
 wud averyd an e-cward forrm. 
 
 P. 4 folo &EZ rula fig a jeneral tit), wid dis ecsep/on: [ crlmost 
 invariable rjt R upward befor t and downward bgfar w, becera j 
 tine it ia mar convsny<jnt and macs Ics ercward ferrnm $ lit' ck 
 rul dat/ Jud be ritn upward aft^r / and v: J) 
 
 S. els rul ia erlmost tui consjs; but if fonografqra dui not eg- 
 gactli comprehend it at fqrst, da wil get ini/iatcd into its iutrica- 
 sia j tine bj rj_tir) and vocaljaig && wurda in d tabla. 3.s rul u a 
 gud wun; but j wud omit de wurda betwm ds dajea, and hwen 
 dea consonants ocur in ds midl ov a wurd \ wud let dg studqnt 
 det f a 'rmin for himself hwiq form hs wil yua. 
 
 <Ie upstroc R conects wid OT betejr dan &z downstroc; and de 
 downstroc conects wid n and y az wel aa ds upstroc. 2ar i dar- 
 fd>r no ocason for de ecsepjonol ru,la givn iu dg Manual. 
 
 S hwen conected wid mdtjr stroc norr hue Jud be struc up. i 
 Jud leg ago hav jerynd de s^rcl and hues to / in ds sam manr 
 ag to I, wjr it not dat j. am tui fond ov compani. 
 
 3s student Jud tac particular car, iu practisii) from de lists ov 
 ecsepjona, not tu Ixua sjt ov de injl itself. 3s. danjtjr ma bs obviat. 
 ed bj pasirj ovqr ds lists ov ecsepjona and fqrst practisig itpon ds 
 tabla ov wurda, hwiq q,r tu bs ritn presjali aa de ml directs. {loa 
 tabla Jud not be'neglectcd bj ds student. 3e wurda q,r sug aa de 
 fonografqr haa frscw^nt ocason tu yqa, and no tjm wil be mis- 
 spent in practisii) upon dg forma hwig qr her givn. i wud reco- 
 mend ds mod ov practis properad bj MT Pitman in hia Reporter 
 tu form Jert and simpl sent^nsea contanig de givn wurda, <j sen- 
 ttjns tu bs ritn trs tjma. 3is wil olso enjur constant practis upon 
 ds wurda hwig q,r ov suq frscw^nt ocurgns aa tu compoa a lq,rj 
 proporjon ov 01 ecstemporanius speq. 
 
 E. S went entjrli trui Pitman'a "Reporter in 1847 in dis wa, 
 inqrcii) EQ da wid a pensil hwr [ left e-f. 
 
OBSERVATIONS. 31 
 
 3* Jud Ijq veri mug tu concct upward r wid m, but it ssms to 
 ins tui ercward. It ia posibl dat [ ma cum to it at last. 
 
 i r[t /downward in olmost a 1 ! casea. 
 
 Ed. It ia saigr wid ecwal practis tu rjt Rm dan mp, and ds tu 
 fcrrma bdg similar qr scwali pleaig to ds unbjast j. 
 
 Plas and Poztfan. 
 
 B. i hav neve,r bin abl practical! tu yu,a horiaontal consonants 
 injnor dan ds fqrst and second plas in reportirj. 
 
 hav trjd dubl-ruld papgr and sirjgl-ruld, and j am unabl tti 
 apra/iat ile advantaj ov wun ovcjr de ud^r. 
 
 P. i hav ncvqr tr[d ds crffsriild papgr, but j_ hav no dowt dat 
 a p^rsn hxu begina tu l^rn fonografi in <][ldhud can tran hia hand 
 ta sufi/qnt egaactnes tu mac cro-snild paptjr an advantaj; oldo in 
 mj on rjtig j can not distii)g\vi/ dg plases wid mug acurasi, tu sa 
 notig aberwt pozifon. 
 
 3ar qr but fq, wurda hwiq j fjnd it ncsesari tu rjt in a fcrls plas 
 fcrr de sac ov distirjcjon from udqra ov ds sam ferm. Horn 3 , cam 3 , 
 muq 8 , until 3 . It sema to me dat de trubl ov recolectig dat a par- 
 ticular wurd ia tu be ritn owt ov its plas ia jengrali gratgr dan ds 
 advantaj tu be derjvd from it. In errdqr dat can and cm not ma 
 bs redili distirjgwi/t, j mac it a nil tu rjt can not a litl les dan hqf 
 lerjt, so dat however rapid ds rjtig ma bs da wil not conflict. 
 
 Meni wurda hwiq bj dar dominant vowcla Jud be ritn in de 1st 
 or 3d plas, ma tac ds second widowt inconvenyqns. 3e foloig 
 wurda j rjt in dar tru plasea: tine 1 , svn 1 , owr 3 , aftqr 3 , ful 3 , lag- 
 gwaj 3 . 
 
 S. i am in favor ov dubl rulig; but, ferr wun, j am not csn 
 cnuf tu recognja mor dan tre plasea in rapid rjtig. 
 
 Ed. In errdqr tu der[v ds ful advantaj ov plas, de student Jud 
 comens fonografi muq yuggr dan eni reporter haa yet dun, and 
 Jud mac no cjanjea ov plas diirig hia practis. 
 
32 STENOPIIONOGRAPHER. 
 
 Miselanius sujesgons a,z to formz ov wurdz. 
 
 E. IE tigc ov ia elwaa ganjd to of, and wid to wit, in de lost si- 
 labl ov compownd wurda: aa, hwarof, darwit: t[. 
 
 i hav not ritn sori (ecsept in de fraa i am sori) and *oro'wid ds 
 upward K, bsce-a ds pressdig vowel ia acsented. In ds ward se- 
 rsn, i wud adopt ds mlov de upward R,de last vowel bsig acsented- 
 
 ERt, ReZijow, stat, stated, bi/-in lejislativ reportig. 
 
 Go 2 , no Jon 2 , Regq/d, le-g, legt, ligc, liggqr, 'ldo, oblitqrat, 
 cvfod.ro.nt, pq,R<, buR, turci, ado-RM, cars, asqut, JURfa^, 5uRva, 
 *W^RV, *mqRf, hoLLi, esiabilij, asfoni/. 
 
 L. Kjt-^write), i^-^i^ght), Report. 
 
 P. Qfend, went. ac'noZe'j, pqrifect, be'twgw, puR-(tu agre wid 
 pmr, cworum, c/erica/, embara*, pu?-ga*, foRJ^Ri, JUR- 
 , elaborai, qRfici 
 
 S. ERbiteaRi, ReR^t, rezoLv, suf^r, rjrf, roe?, JQRg, fe-R/ifj, leg, 
 aitwtocratic, hw^RZwinc?, buR, aiiabe?, ai-f^Rnaf, CLevaf, yutoji, 
 aLJiaJ, efort, se^, foZo 3 , oie.nd, event. 
 
 Ed. Repst, repoz, reproq, retret, reqed, reject, rejistqr, rejeryn, 
 rabid, reput, repast, repent, rscapityulat, rccwest, recwjr, rscur^ns, 
 turn, recolect, recles, rogij, reptil, regulat, reform, ref^r, reflect, 
 revenu, gqrd, rev^ri, respectful, resiprocal, respons, resjt, ressd, 
 rezjd, reaidq,, rescq, rise, rezist, reimburs, remedi, rcmuiv, remiingr- 
 a/on, random, raggl, rigcl, he-rticulgur, werrdrob, wurchows, wurc- 
 man, hurican, werrmt, hctrmles, wernig, leproai, lefles, libidinus, 
 lagc, lamp, laman, liggwist, lonjeviti, l^vlihud, holt^r, ultimo, 
 wildgrnes. 
 
 Ecsepjoaa: Salvajbn, hw^R/puil, pres^R'v, ab^unditi, jland. 
 
 Meni ov ds fernna sujested in dis qaptej qr doa in jengral yqs 
 hwen WE comenst Iqrnig f onografi. 3a qr undowtedli gud; but 
 [ tigc dat ds forms j, hav (joan qr bet^r fe^r doa comcnsig ds studi, 
 vn hwar ds advantaj ia insufij^nt tu cowntgrbalans ds svl ov a 
 qanj aft^r ds habit haa bscum establijt. 
 
ORAMMALOGt'EP. 33 
 
 LESN1. [2931.] Xe Vowel Grtmaloy:. 
 
 18. It ma sumtjm? hapn in de cors ov de prokrgd pub- 
 licaRon o v dis buc, dat bettjr forma dan dog lad down in its 
 ^rlitjr pajea. ma be discov^rd. Sue; imprcovmqnts \vil be 
 regtjrvd for de last qapt^r ov Obg^rvafion?.. In de men tim. 
 suq wurda aa involv prinsipla not yet fuli investigated, and 
 hwiq da^rfor scin most, Ijabl tu be Cjanjd heruftqr. wil be 
 mqrct J, in errd^r dat de Itjrn^r ma refqr at wuns to dat tjap>- 
 t^r, and aso/tan hwedcjr eni ^anj has bin mad. 
 
 19. In aranjig de gramalogg, j hav bin sucsesful in di- 
 ininih'ig snmh\vot de number ov ecsepfiona to jen^ral n\]& 
 cle foloig list embrasea nerli wun fe^rd ov ol de wurd* ov 
 eni ecstemporanius speq. 
 
 he^ 
 
 1 de in 
 
 y da^ and 
 
 3 dar, di^r{ 
 
 N V II ' / 
 
 1 tii, too tu. to i hu-m fitid bin 
 
 2 o but h^r how OT u]ion for unles 
 
 3 01 ov q.r a, an on bece'a from 
 
 For 'fiud' de dafi h'ud ohvaa bp struc np ( and ma be 
 jerynd to de prinsipal vtjrb in most casen. 
 
 20. 3e wurd 'de' ma be struc aa a tic; but j prefer tu 
 ii]> lnvcnevt;r it ia ecwali oonvp.nyqnt. It can 
 edtjr wid -filad' or 'on'. 
 
34 
 
 ee wuid -and' ma be ritn M An inifia! upward tic, and 
 ina bt joyi.d in -de' in de fra^ arid de.' 
 
 V f 
 
 f < 
 
 V. ; < 
 
 to de <>v de tiiid de ehw de upon de on de 
 
 21. Let me her cerfion de kjrn^r agenst atemtig too sun 
 tta'rjt rapid!!. Y<n hud airi tu rjt wel; strjvfer jeometri- 
 cal acii/asi. and ncv^r atenlt for de prez^nt tu rjt u seritqns 
 owicli. until ym hav ritn it at lest bre tjm^ sloli and aairat- 
 li. H\vei! yro h';il h;iv fabfuli ger.n broo el de ecs^rsj?e<; ov 
 5is bu f \. ya>r h.ind wil hnv acwjrd a familyariti wid fono- 
 grafic fcriin'-i; and rapiditi ma den be afand widowt dat ir- 
 reparabl lys ov Icjibiliti and bi^ti hwiq'must aKuredli ens\i 
 from atemtig it tit sun. 
 
 Ecaersiz. Mqri and I'noc or hot tu 1>e iier tu-da tu s? 
 him. fz-ic ma go to AK how?, nud riri A? htl, nnd OBC ferr a cac, 
 unlss h> fi7<! IIF. tm i! tu st it. But o, liow mmi qr il from dar 
 im ri|-rV.uig ! Mrni qr hapi do da hav no fibiii. Tac car and 
 f<rrm no Kal it in i-.-iylivid liwi. ( ina afoot fb. hap iu aj. Hr ma 
 1> feflti, nn. iiilii: i,u f " ih.it he cm jdta in him? fltij. hs ma h 
 <!E. licit nin tr.rif j oldti> it b>.iv n.T> p i-^r. Foli and dat ma fal, 
 but luv /al teg an euemi tu din de no rtfg and rlo> hqrm. 
 
 [3240.] 5e SW*. 
 
 22. In slo and cqrfuil ijtig, it ia bet^r tu r^t 'big' in 
 upqr plaa. and });!>. ii< Be bt^rd plas; macig de list, 
 
 o 3 
 
 O o 
 
 his :> aa b;is 
 
 i 
 mit in reporti| di? d&stifjfion ma be disregq,r1ed, 
 
NOTATION. .);> 
 
 23. An cestijrnal consonant ritn bj, a stride histed ov a 
 ,-o,rcl orr hue. indieats an eesttjinal vowel. But df stroc '' 
 ma be y^d at di- fomeTism^r.t ov a wurd tu distiggwifi it 
 from 'a 
 
 3".e prinsip'il wurd?. ov <3is claa qr 
 
 Zd, selu^eqr, ro,aenit; and Grec proper m-rii'. 
 
 :M. tie dubl stjrcl ma sumtjmH be yuml Lw^r df(r 
 irscmed vowc'i tctwen i;s conslitv^nt elements, n 
 .><;rsi-!', ; cc6osiv ; ; and anudyr &jr r jl ma be adod }>i 
 acrers de dtroc, and fermig de stjrcl upon (ic u-ijr s=3d; 
 ' 
 
 2fc In de rjtir) ecs^rsj^eg henaft^r. in o-rd.jr tu mqrc a 
 particiilnr fonografic owtlin. de apendajee tc> stioc cun^,'- 
 nants wil be printed in italic; vovrela hwiq qr tu be ritn, 
 wil bp printed in italic, el udi^rg beig emited in ! p-idiraii 
 rjtig; de upward strocs wil be indicated l>i spio-1 capifci!^. 
 (ecseptig X &s- hw^r j aiu compeld tu y\\z capital?;) df, 
 pmited let^ra wil be indicated bj preficst. * and ! cutig ex 
 4e beginig or end ov a wurd; de joynig ov fpTm wil be 
 mq,rct bj a hjt'en: and preficse?. and at'icsea wil be piinte'l 
 in italic^ insijrtig de hjfen hwen da q,r tu be jpynd. Wurd;-. 
 completli printed in dig notafion. and to hwiq particular 
 atenfion b, cerld, wil be preceded bj a dot. 
 
 JenraK 3oz wurda onli wil be mqjet hwiq recw^r dat u 
 vowel fial be inserted, (y, w, and U beig regarded aa vowels 
 and d^rfor put in italic hwen da q,r tu be ritn,) wurda hwiq 
 i-ecwjr a seleofion from dit^r^nt f-3-rm [xjrhaps apaivntli 
 ecwal in elijibiliti. or wurda pro?,ntig sum pecqlyariti in 
 
36 STESQPHONOGRAPHER. 
 
 de mod ov abreviah'ou. It is bete/ dat de student h'ud bp, 
 Bpqrig ov hi? vowela; (se pajea 28 and 29.) If he deajiv. 
 tu becum mor fumilyar wid vocalj/iah'ou, he h'ud practis 
 upon isolated wurda: ecs^rsjsea for dat purpus, hwiq ma be 
 omited at de discrefion ov de student, wil be apended to ei; 
 ov de foloig lesna. 
 
 Let it not be infe/d dat becoa a ward ia pqrtli in dis no- 
 tafion de hoi must be. 'Sual' must hav de vowel inserted : 
 dp ni\2 direct how de rest ovde wurd w tu be ritn: but 
 'h'a,r' must hav de 'R' struc down, hwotey^r de r\ih sa. 
 
 Bi compq.rin de foloig qgaampl wid de orijinal at de end 
 ov de Manual, dis notation wil be sufifi^ntli ecspland. 
 
 Eyznnipl. rLwen 1 in-<ff cars o'v 1 /trfamn events it bs'cu'mr T\''-W- 
 tMRi fe'r wan* pepl ! tu dizoi.v 'df political \>andz hwiq hav f)>'ri- 
 e't de'in wi-& anu^r, aind 'tu asi/wm amq '& pow^r-"(ov d;) 
 Rt d -separ&t aud ec/caL sinfon 'to-hwiq fe L^; ov nsUu'i' 12 aiid ov 
 God 1 >.TLtitl de'm, a fasn\t Rwp^ci 'to-<fe op'iuyow^ 1 ov 
 
 "Cj'J wcivirz dat 1 da f 'd -drc/ar ds co^e* hwiq impel. de : m 
 
 -^ separafon. 
 
 csersiz. Asperiti linae*! 1 ite deajnz. Hiz laaiues iz rtali 
 ecsesiv: hs dislics hig hues 1 , and acguoli duz notig at 8 el. Foli 
 eff?.cz? soro, do sajess ma be at tima 1 unhapi :J . Binibodi mac sad 3 
 havoc 8 in eni 1 hows 8 . Ssc no ad in *bimw' 2 afara, unles it bt a 
 nesesiti hwiq no scil er zsl ma remedi. Rigec. q,r set b[ sum for 
 dar on sac az d Qf hapines ov Ijf; da ma help tu mac (& 1 hapi'\ 
 but hav a car err da wil banij el - pUR je'y 1 from dj sol. 
 
 LESN . [4143.] Com-; -;>; rr: mjK fr. 
 
 26. 3e prefics 'com' err 'con' fiud be ritn wid a Ijt dafi, 
 vowel c o', at de comensm^nt OT de wurd and 
 
JVR, MP, A!fU LR. 37 
 
 :it rjt aggh vid its t'^rst stroc. It ma frecwe,ntli be o'mited 
 in defiant stjl. and olmust ohvaa in reportig. 
 
 tie lit dot propijrli represents -acorn': and find seldom be 
 rjmited. 
 
 j. In sum CHS^X it i bi't'jr not tu rjt <le com- err ryw- a? a prs- 
 fics. but tu nt it in 1'ul: a*, ciuinit. co/'oc/. coftf'e*. 
 
 /. In sum caseii de da/ ma br jtrynd: a?, in dt; foloig wurd* 
 hwicj mjt uil;rwp. l)r rerijli red hwen left unvoculj/tl. w^r At daf 
 .oinited: /vw-ductor, c<MJ-deJenrf, row-on, cvw-en-v, cow-oditi. 
 
 J7. fie Ujrminalion 'ig' ma be ritn bi de Ijt dot. repre- 
 '^.eiitig 'i' : but de t^rminafion 'ig>;' fiud be r^tn in ful. 3c 
 \vurdx brig, cig, clig, wig, big, nobig, sumbig, strig, rig, 
 flig. .^prig, .^tig, sig fiud not be ritn bi de dot, beco-i; de ( ig' 
 in .sug wurdf. ia not a separabl tijrminafion : and de wurda 
 beiQ. dutig. rjtig. wilig. and meni udt^re. qr mor conven- 
 y^ntli ritn bi de stroc. 
 
 28. Hre hevi strocs not recwjrd in (it alfabet q; turnd 
 to a veri yi^sful purpos a compownd caracttjr?.. fecr vr, lr, 
 and mp. Hwjl dis K no mor q,rbitrari, it i a mucj mor 
 conveuy^nt empU.rym<^nt ov fonograt'ic material. 
 
 /. 3e priusipal \vurda in hwi^ &f rr caraetqr '&. yn>;il. nv de?.: 
 Bsv^r: behavyor. belev^r, ever, ev^ri, wsv^r, ovtjr, wav^r, hov- 
 ^r, however, prenijrvqr, obatjvvtjr, hwotcvqr, hwotsocvjr, trovqr, 
 djvqr, dessvtjr, discover, drjvqr, drover, cwivqr, covfjr, clsvtjr, clo- 
 vqr, clever, givtjr, fev^r, favor, forever, sever, savyor, savor, se- 
 ver, hiusoevtjr,* howsoever, survivor, sovran, Jivqr, Jav^r, Juv^r, 
 huievijr, hwarevqr, hwarsoevqr, ressvqr, recover, rivijr, levqr, 
 luvqr, inorovqr, nevqr, hwenev^r. 
 
 m. 2s prinsipal wurd?i in hwiq de mp caractijr ia yq,nd, qr AEZ-, 
 Important, impriuv, impcwibl, impertinent, impius. impoz, iza- 
 
 448260 
 
pjoti, impiU, impsd, impudgnt, import, impcirt. impasiv, impos- 
 qur, impasibl. impur, empower, impUR, en^jr, impsc;. impel, im- 
 puls. uinpi, impun, impuniri, pump, plump, bump, tempjrac;m, 
 temper, tamper, tempjrans, trumpet, trampl, damp, dumpily 
 gampion, jump, camp, cramp, clamp, comprornja, campan, eg- 
 aompl, tump, stamp, simpl, aanipl, j'ampan. limp, limpid, lump, 
 lamp. 
 
 n. 2e priasipal wurds ia hwiQ ds ir caract^r i?. vu.?.d, <v det: 
 CTiredi, pilor, polar, pecqlynr, perpendicular, bo'yl^r, til<jr, talor, 
 te.l^r, tabular, tubular, dslqr, dwel^r, dal^r, dolar, stclar, jal^r, 
 jocular, culor, color, ocular, global or, 'salor, solar, similar, ^cr- 
 ular, selnlar, fel^r, valor, rul^r, rol^r, oracular, l^rj, mil^r, mo- 
 lar, 
 
 Eetenis. To cow-on sens i* bjz apel. Compel hie sU, 
 if he Bsma tu -puKpcw escapir) from At sitj*. 3f ifflig suo macs 
 evqri bory dczjr a -rejes, tu acompani hi. fclo?, to de -hit-top, tn 
 in sum slain -pqEti. 3s tops ov df Icriti hi! rev dg rae ov At 
 setix) sun. de biloz rol in tow^rig h[t on ds sf ; but de slo sali^j 
 ve*el r[dz safli en, ftrles ov &z be'ylirj s-urj, and ds raj ov ds m;ti 
 dsp. Hop on, hop cvqr; trui IJl", trui det. Meni compoe hues 
 bj compjlirj, and sum bj copiig hoi paje?, but if da sa so fscrli da 
 Qr abuv dessvig: so -tQZ ds buc 1 from hwiq j tac Bum ov dga -ec- 
 Jize*, and 'OLdo j ma <janj meni in so dmig & buc sara ms 
 in macirj up &KZ 
 
 Eciertiz. Mismanajin, vjvajusnes, posificatori, fe- 
 v^rijnes, vjsQanselor, bombastic, impowqrijig, publicli, obstinatli, 
 mistuizm, iuyja*ivDC3, s^jrbosnes, baladmacty. 
 
 LEStf 10. [44.] Loyogrtmz 
 
 29. Q ferrm ma represent a ward <w a frag. Hwen it 
 coraprjaes an entjr ivurd, merli ecseptig de voweh, it wil 
 not be nesesari tu giv it eni spefial atenfion, fur^qr dan tu 
 print it in de notafion ov ferrm, hw^r it f^rat ocura. And 
 po olbo wid fraaeogrsma forrmd bj de mer jiigcfion ov d 
 
STfiNOPHONOGlUPHKH. 33 
 
 wurdg widowt coales^ns. Sum ov de most advantajxis 
 contracted gramalogv: and fra^eograma, qr contand in tie 
 foloig list: 
 
 b l tu be g 1 giv Ir olrodi sb 8 subject 
 
 b ! object g' toge&jr Ir 8 Iqrj st s satisfj 
 
 t' 1 tjm f 1 fqrst tup 1 imprcuv sg 1 signify 
 
 d 1 dif^r^nt ft* biijc mp' itop^rtant " in de 
 
 <j' raucj b 8 feagc g l big mps 1 imposibl 
 
 c 1 comit d a dem g 3 laggwajj 
 
 c* cum fi ! fial 2 
 
 . Jit fnu / i/f i ht; inserted becea ov sa^ frfc^vqnt ocui^ns. 
 Lesn 20, and Obeqrvajone, ajitr 2.] 
 
 Ers'rs'iz. CJi-hiu <uyjr tu be hapi jud sec tu impnuv; for 
 it-i?,-imposibl -l^g tu satisfj ds sol in coutinnd tigcig upon-de 
 sain subjects and -puRsuiq dt sam objects. It-ia-yug'lil tu-tac-up 
 muQ tjin iu comitig to-racnidri dif;rjnt thji hwig signHj nothj, 
 ing-az aeni laij^waje^, -actvir?;/ tir)& for-hwig nobodi wil ev^r 
 Cage dem; but-it-i? impertunt for -juc.?e. 2 f.;ret tu no muq ov ti^jz 
 hwiq cum iu-de dli afare ov Iji'. If dou- 3 luv skp JORO and -Jam 
 Jal cum upon dc 1 . Gosipij and ljuj* ga-toge3^r. 3oa hui giv 
 Iqrj dosez wil sun 1 iv sinerlr, and doa hui giv smcrl wil -sts 1 
 tu-giv eni: 1'crr Fiaioloji ia olredi tsqii) reform. 
 
 cfsrsi?. Embarasig, absuRditi, misiuform, 
 atnes, misgifmuo'?;, fatlesnes, pom/osi;!, inonstrus, fosforesqn?; 
 absentei?m, monosilabic, 
 
 LESN\\. [4555.] 3t W Seris ovJDlfti-'-.; 
 
 30. Turn to de aifabet upon paj 3, for de*^ sen;- u* 
 oorespondig to de s^rcijlar vowel seal. 3& Lav ce- 
 fownd it nesesari ru distiggwifi betwen de q and fte a 
 iu conecfion wid w and y: j hav da.rfor prepa,rd .nd 
 idod ov raq ".- ij % -Hotirjcfion: ds di;plicafion ov de curvet 
 
40 STBROrKONOGRAPHER. 
 
 claii. (hwiq \v<>,-, yi^d bj MT Pitman in 1845 for -wo'.) uia 
 
 be yip.d far de a. serin, if it hud ev^r be neded. 
 
 cle esiest wa tu remember de direction ov de <.'.urvz, iz bj 
 
 de frag 'wid-hwot', hwiq forma d Roman s. 
 
 ' 31. <Ie w hue i dao not aproov: it ig a direct intqrfer^c,, 
 
 wid ud^r and fqr mor important abreviafiona. [Se Lean 
 
 13. and Obaqrvah'ona, C:it>tj;r 2.] 
 
 32. tie foloit) rt\i gramalogg qr now introdiist: 
 
 Wid. wqr, hwcii, WOT. hwot, wun, wud. hwjl. (Se paj 
 
 14 fo-rde forma, and ferde remanig gramalog<; ov dis 
 
 wrsi:. We hi-r ov wuman?. 1 wscnes 1 , but we-no liqr 
 wurt. XK-I>: olwa< redi tu-siuil At aijgwif ov -di-gK, and J'E fslfe no 
 wfrinc* 1 hwjl woqig ovqr rte sic. IMa-wud bar wid him but tor 
 wun mnut, dta-wud-ljc liim. tig wiccd Jal bar hi* on iaicwiti?.: 
 and-d,wat ov-hia-on siaa Jal firl ujiou him. A rwjet tuij jo>. a 
 \v[z lied. lit. slo tu sa and cwic tu-dui: for dmig iiotig ia duiii) il. 
 llwcn Jo2cf and 'fftlyom w-;r in (le wtrr, hwot-wud wt-hav-sed 
 if da had hurid ovqi 1 to-iis cnemi. WOT wurcs miaqri, hwjl P&r 1 
 giva cttm rcpoa to erl. Hwj Jud WE oil and t swjn, ocsn, cowg, 
 and Jgp. Ev;ii-tir) v. de v.'urs firr war in, and pictiucs djz cwicli. 
 Luv cum* and goa 1[C a spel. Hwjl dar ia Ijf dar i<i hup. 
 
 Vocalizli] Ei'surs'iz. Teni/warines, mi'civaJli, vj<?consul, poai- 
 tivncs, tjmsqR'vr, Masagueta, taut ilia'//, benofisqns, fjilajusnes. 
 tanjibiliti, bancstoc, tena/usnes. hwimaicaliti. 
 
 LESN \'2. [5658.] ffe Y Scri: ov Diftoy:. 
 
 33. 3is finifica de alfabet givn upon paj 3. Hensforti 
 de student h adv^d tu yua fonografi &?. muq M posibl, in 
 corespondo,ns and nd^nv-j^,. In de rjtig ecsqrsjsieg, a hprtfi- 
 for. cqr wil be tacn dat no wurd fial OCTIT until it can be 
 ritn witl (ie best form: but .in rjtig intended frrr yqs ruder 
 dan practis. hwa_r mor atenfion wil be pad to de sub.stans 
 dan to de form ov de rjtig, de advantaj ov formig de habit 
 de fonografic caract^ra wil mor dan oownt^rbaloms 
 
STKNOPHONOGHAPHKK. 41 
 
 de evl ov ocagonali ynaig an ecward form: an evl hwiq 
 de asidi^us praetis ov des rjtig ecsqrsjaeg wil eradicat. 
 
 34. tie direcfion ov de curve ov de y serig, ma be eaili 
 remembi^rd bj de frag 'yet yoo', M . de Roman s plast on 
 wun sjd, hwiq jeryna redili to r wil.' 
 
 Bj Ijsqns de y seria ov difbogg ig jen^rali yujid hwen i \z 
 folod bj a vowel: az, varyus for variua. i consider dis 
 unnosfisavi, oldo it ma be conveny^nt. 
 
 35. tie foloig n\\ gramaloga qr now introdT|st: 
 Yet ycnr, beyond. (Se olso paj 14.) 
 
 Ritiy EI-SIT-IIZ. Hwot r& wuitt dvuir) -at-Gfl 3 , iz wurt duiir) wel. 
 Yiu-wil hf; so poaitiv, and-yet-yui no-notir) ov-it'hsyond hwot- 
 <rl no, hwicj-ia scarsli cni-tig. Pa aa-yui-go. Nu-YeRc and 
 Siiisiaati iiv.populus sitiz. De^nv suwe*, and yvu-Jal-hav it. A 
 cut ma-luc at a cirj. Hwot-ia-(cl)-rgii yui asc so^mug fer-yiur 
 hwet <Jus 3 ^rli in-dg-sum^r. Sail) and diuig qr tq, tiija. Humaniti 
 fud evqr liv in p?.s, 'dwelirj togcd^r in At ^rt iu hqrmoni and luv. 
 Hwot-ia evqribodia -bianes i nobodiz biancs. Tac hfd 1 err-ym' 
 wil luiK 1 in ymr 3 abi^n.y hwot-yiu^tir|c ig secur. -BaJneJ nev^r 
 sec^ra luv, hut ma cur it. No alcemi is ecwal to savir). 
 
 iz. Disparajigli, peryanusnes, r^rmtiliti, ad- 
 vj?cdli, scwemij'ncs, im/veriusncs, absttmiusnes, hWELbaro, bown- 
 tiusnes, div^Rsiti, acU-qrsiti, vecsa/Usli, fastidiusli. 
 
 Turn now to paje?. 14 and 15, and coraens practisiij in ds; mod 
 tecomended nsr ds botom ov paj 30. Construct /errt sent^nsea 
 tu con tan sq wurd, and rjt eg seht^ns tr tjma. Or J tine a stil be- 
 t^r mod wiad bfe tu rjt EC sent^ns tvuns, and tu go ov^r dg wurda 
 t.f, tini?,: fen- ills wud secivr mug betqr redig Icsna, and it ia ov de 
 utmost importans dat cq ritig ecsp,rsja Jud be mad olso a 
 ('><jrsjx. (Se sccjona 3 and 21.) 
 
42 
 
 36. To de tall givn in de Maimicil. [60.] ad rl. ml. 
 and nl. Cunjirj de \-A\\\ ov dea form? to \vr, wm. and wn. 
 ccraea mug inconveny'^ns if invariabli oba^rvd; beccrs. Invjl 
 daj q.r veri i\\ case*: in Inviq de w hue can be advantajusli 
 emplo-yd. it prevents de.yiis ov de 1 hue in a Iqrj clas ov 
 wurdg, nieni ov hwkj q,r important. 
 
 pi 3 pepl tl 3 until lip cabolic 
 
 bl 1 bclev (IP deliver nl 8 nolej 
 
 .-. i-lif-'lf.v wg-Jal-hav tv.-/'v?t nnt.il de oatolics (lel;- 
 vqr to dc pppl to cf^ ov nol'.-j bj almvii/ il.'in ds B/b/ in dar iami- 
 li/ 1 .: !'<n--it-i- ) . vu-lcs tia-luc to r *eaiW pepl oinur) doa hiu tine da 
 bav )io rjt tu-juj ov rjt and rrrrj. id/ncs i^ a plnjj to dg scola? 1 , ferr 
 bj-bi^ iiep-:k ct hr. lin^.c?. erl clam to apl'v.-'*: it i>. fnnifia/. bycerg he 
 fud .-re tii lit; y.it-i'i,!/ to-i1o.--})i.u tat- 'jnitj ov him and rtpa dem for 
 dar tcpyl and aij^ieti: it i^ unnviMb/. for it i^ pcsiij bj df. fsd-tim 
 and yet luc'i: iilcnti in dc Fo'l: and i'nio/i. it it. ofu/ 3 , ferr 
 
 jdl habits" \\'il r<v/>tiui;'7i bfcu:in \vitrs-(and)-\vnrs. and jdlnes wil 
 C'ii/i wnrc t'(-r rvl and n:iM;u. So if-w-\vud-bf ft*. V.K Jud em- 
 o\\ r j t;m bcnefij'a/i and ha]iii.i :! . 
 
 J'o'-u' ;-. (')fcnsivli, niistfrinsnes, spcsific-a/i. tcmpes- 
 
 tnn-nos. nnilii^unsnc.-. >]K.-J-/ti spa/nsnes. ap/icub/, distatisfactori, 
 crspi/ns, i-ub/iniiti; iui/iicuj'a/. ijco/ojicu/. i-i'ii.vib/. 
 
 JL cli - foloii) qr ,-uni uv iis; pii'iH'j.vd \vurds? in hwig As, I hue ia 
 yit^d in finccjoa \'.~\A K, i>i. and n, most ov hwiq must tac veri 
 ocward or difii-ult 1'imn?. it ds: .r hue Jud be substituted: 
 
 K/. TiclP, rdjubl, ml-tca, rt'laut, rfaliti, rclat, rcla/iv, wurkP. 
 rclijou, relic, rclnc/un?, relacs, rcli'f, reltv. iclevant, rcles, igalj^, rc- 
 lij. mlro'', rcliu, relent, relincwij, enO t rli, scv^rol: ?c ols<7 not r. 
 pa 5. f"r u'i.;r \vi das< 
 
STKNOrilOXOGKAPHKR. 43 
 
 ml. Animal, amalgams/on, camel, malignant, melancoli, mile, 
 mulhcri. multipli, multifarius. militari, malcontent, promulga/on, 
 maltrtt, malcdiojon, iiiuladnnaistrajou, malefactor, malevolent, 
 nialvcjr.snjoii, cmohurKjnt, milcnium. 
 
 nl. Onli, iu-lVj.iaf^niaJ, r.olej, analitical, analisis, analoji, ana- 
 logus, anak, cqrdinal, ganel. cronoloji, frsnoloji, etnoloji, curnel 
 criminal, cnl[tnd, enlist, cnlivn, gtqmal, ecstqrnal, final, jenealoji, 
 internal, juvcnil, jurnal, orijiual, nominal, nulificajon, paternal, 
 maternal, penalti, pqrsnal, promulgajon, rajoual, signal, tecnoloji, 
 t-rmin loji, tuncl, vtnyal, Danycl, colonial, tinsal, unerltqrabl, 
 uuljc, comonwclt, enlcirj, iuland, inalyenabl, unwiliij, in-les-dan, 
 iu-l[c-manqr. 
 
 LESN U. [7282.] & R Hue. 
 
 38. Ad tie r hue to (ie 1, maciij de upward Ir. 
 
 p. 3.z hue inu fumtjinK be iudicatfd bj dg jjlasiij ov At Sjrcl; u* 
 iu dg foloin casrg: 
 
 Discurteus, discuraj, discrejou, discrimiuajou, disagip, diagram, 
 disparaj. 
 
 q. 3e dubl consonants qr yu?d hwcn dar in no acsented vow- 
 el betwEn dem. But iu de foloir) case?, and sum udt^r lg wurda, 
 &x, hue ma be yud to advanfrj: 
 
 Til, tcl, it wil, told, toward, dsr, hwiq wil, car, cwl, cerld, cold, 
 gold, ful, vain, da wil, . f u,r, Jcnt, mer, mor, nsr, ner, onli. 
 
 Politi, pqrlyam^nt, palpabl, balans,, torment, dtirc, jdolatri 
 qariti, qaritabl, qalenj, qarm, jelusi, caractcjr, cwoliti, cwolificajon, 
 aco-rdin, coloui, golden, girden, valuabl, SKVEI-, luelanoli. 
 
 Filter, politics, parugraf, ptjr.se-ver, pcujul, cjgrful, colcj, caluii ni 
 calculat, cerrntjr, cerrdyal, cerrporat, earner, f onward, frenoloji, 
 Valuabl, vqrni/, Jcirp, /<ju-, remqrc, lord, mile, aiiialgamnt, iw.rvel% 
 mc'rgaj. nolej, nerrt. eno-rlnus, iuo-rdiunt. 
 
 
44 8TENOPHONOGRAPHER. 
 
 Purpl, prefer, pqrvqrs, purgativ, pqrsn, burni/, terminal, gurc;, 
 Jqrmani, j^nn, jurni, cumj, culpabl, cultivat, cornel, af^nn. furd^r, 
 frtil, furnitur, furnij, fulmiaat, coufqr, v^rb, vcjrs, vqrcju, vqrjin. 
 vultur, vulgar, repulsiv, refqr, lure, Igrn, murder, murmur, incur. 
 infqr, mil if i, nqrv, nurs, nurij. 
 
 r. Hwen foloig a sgrcl turair) iu ds opozit direc/ou. it 'n bet^r 
 not tu yua dg hue: 
 Riaibl, irasibl. 
 
 s. 3.S tormina/on 61 ma often bs separated, and dus folo A? 
 ri;l, bgig ritn wid a hue; az 
 
 Admisibl, respoasibl, ireaponsibl, imposibl, indispensibl. 
 
 t. 3s. tormina/on biliti iz sufi/qntli ccsprest bj At b. 3e foloig 
 qr ds prinsipal wurda wid dat tormina/on: 
 
 Posibiliti, probabiliti, dsbiliti, durabiliti, disabiliti, capabiliti, 
 credibiliti, plereibiliti, afabiliti. falibiliti, flccsibiliti, vizibiliti, sta- 
 biliti, sensibiliti, rizibiliti, elijibiliti, mobiliti, mutabiliti, immuta. 
 biliti, immobiliti, imposibilitj, inability, nobiliti, invizibiliti, com- 
 patibiliti, incompatibility 
 
 u. 3e dubl-lent curvz q,r gefli yud tu ecspres ds adi/on ov de 
 wurd far, m de fraa &a, qr. 
 
 Fctdgr, furd^r, didqr, de ud^r, sud^rn, led^r, led^rn, radqr, mudqr, 
 evqri udqr, ned^r, anudqr, nffrdqrn. 
 
 If dar, (dar, dar, da qr,) hav dar, tigc dar, do dar, so dar, woz 
 dar, /al dar, her dar, wil dar, ma dar, in dar. 
 
 39. N\i gramologa. 
 
 pr 3 practis qr* na<jqr gr* plegi^r 
 
 br 3 re-member qr 3 fiiqHr nr 3 mangr 
 
 tr s trq,b cr 2 caract^r Ir 2 familyar 
 
 Ecsersiz. Remember tu practis in fugu,r hweneT^r yui 
 hav l3xir tim, and luc 3 wel to dt man^r in-hwiq-yui practis. If 
 yui rjt erl de caract^ra aa-wel-az-pofib/, it-wi/ naqvaLi gir-yiu 
 
TABLES Of R AND L. 45 
 
 tu SE how family ar yui-wil-bt;cum wid de ferriua ov de 
 r wur-li!. i-bi-lEv-dat sum yug repoRtqr urn yet mac AK crors-ruliij 
 yiisful, oi.do tu-tc/ ds triit WE Jud-nu mor ov-ittu enabl us saii,i 
 tu advji cni %vun tu yu? it. A sobqr ptjr.ro stcs 1 tu-wa ds tru 1 
 va/u* ov erl tirj>.. aud tu la up no tregura in trifle but radtjr in 
 hwot i important. Practis hwot-yiu pretj if yiu wud hav udqr^ 
 tu foLO yui. CE flowqra giv font dar swEt p^rfum, aud erl na<jur 
 smjlis dis glorius suintjr da. 
 
 h. 3t foloiy tabl ia contiuud from pajez 7 to 12. aud coutan<! 
 wunla obairj ds ri;l givn in sec/on 10. It wil yuguali be unnese- 
 sari tu imlicat ni dis tabl de yus ov de s^rcl err AK hues. 
 
 WURDZ CONXaNW R, L, AND T. 
 
 T^i/ 2. Wurdz on mor llan 2 Consonants. 
 (Cjutiiitid from p^j 12.) 
 
 L intermediat, struc up. P[\ot. pulef, poluf, palia/, pala/, 
 pelet, eperlef, politi; paliaiiv; pilod, pulid; pilaj, opoloji, apolojjz; 
 epflog, apolog; pole*, pch;*, hople*, haple^. pala.9, polisi; pii.rihuii- 
 mus; pol^; pclu-ml, pali.rad; polij; prela?, pru>la<; prtlud; proli&riti; 
 prolific;- pqclyamqwi: pn;lim:iuari; perihslyon, purle-yn; proltrr);- 
 pavilyou; opulent, palancgn, opulqnsi: Batalyon, ba>'.i]i^f.- 
 
 abJolq,<, ol)olet; ab^ lu/o;- bra*le^; b/:ilyaw(;- bulct, bile?, baUf, 
 balot, abiliti; biladua; buloc, belicos; balif; bilyu*, obolij. bulvo ; 
 baluiw: tu^elaj, tetoloji; tulip; twjl/f, terylc< ; yutiiiti; tilaj, iialic. 
 owtliv, atlaf; 'contem^lai; talo, owtlj, talent: dwohU, dc^olat, 
 do.silili; di.sljc, di^locat; ilisoln/flw, dtso\sfo/r t di.Tinuila<; lydrerlie. 
 delj,*, dihU, dilat, dalj<, dclud; wedloc, djulog; htdle.?, duelist, 
 deuiolif: qalw: jeJticula<; ajiliti, joliti: capiiula^; catalog, co^ilvo', 
 ecwivalqrct; ecsclqnt; ce-^le*, cqi'dlaj, car.'e.; colaf, tcwoliti; colic, 
 colocwi, (cwttlja, coales, calus, acqmqlat, acwilin, colon: g<u- 
 l^ud, cougratulat, gilottn, galacsi, galoz, galon, galant: 
 
 s,- fasiliti, fiaioloji,- f^>filiti, frolic, fuHerg, folod, folyaj, 
 
46 
 
 fulasi, fuilij, falajus, filoloji, fol0r,r, fdjn, felon, feiimi: vasalaj 
 avgrluc,- avalabl, vjolat, v[olci, valet, v;.!i:l, vales, voli/on, 
 viola/on, velum, vjolin, violent, vcntila/on: lertles: Stimiilai, 
 scjljt, scilet, scandalus;- step, slip, sluip, slap, slop, aslcp,- seli- 
 basi, salubriti, selebriti, silabl, solqbl, isolat, osihit, snlitud, slcr- 
 tqr, solitari, sahitari, solid, soliditi, slej, siloji<sin, site, sine, select, 
 slacn, slug, slag, slsv, slav, slargri, sluvn, slot, solisit, solisitq,d, 
 selqri, salari, sloqr, solilocwi, sefiilar, slim, sljm, solera, slam, asj- 
 lum, slumber, silind^v, slendqr, sland:;v, asimilat:- Kooloji, aelus;- 
 Amplifj, imbesiliti, mtteoroloji, modula/on, hwimxicaliti, mnsiln 1 . 
 miselani, mualin, htimiliti, mulato, hu.miliat, ciniilat, amulet, 
 militat, melodi, inaladi, mjlaj, emulus, amles, homles, mali.>, 
 mali/us, maljii, milyon, melon; Ncbiilus, netilus, novelti, 
 
 invalid, iusulat, insolent, namles, anomalus. 
 
 L intermtdiat str/tc down. Pelt, puls; bilt, belt, b<olt, bild, 
 bold, bghold, bo-Id, bewilder, bulc;- tilt;- dolt, dwelt, adult;- 
 jilt, jolt: cwilt, colt, egeult, egao-lt, gilt, gila; fasil, frehold, 
 fqrtil, felt, fild, fold, fe-ls, film; verlt, ovijrhwelm; widhold;- 
 scold, scffld, aserlt, soltqr, sweltijr, sultri, sultan, asald, howshold, 
 seldom, silc, silcen, silf, sulfur, selvej, silver, solstis; melt, melt, 
 mjld, mold; entjild, insult. 
 
 R wid vowel foloiy struc up. Poetri, pofqri, pecunyari, apo- 
 tecari, predatori, p^rjuri, plajiari; bi-jb^ri, obligatori; tributari, 
 terifori, contrarficfori, treg^ri, coutrari, [tiu^rari; dic/onari, ad- 
 v^rsari, dwcre/onari, directori, dreri, di/atori, a(lu/<qri. adutatori; 
 jgometri; cwaceri, customari, c[mra, camera, cuntri; glosari, 
 .glori; factori, fluri, flowsjri, fjw^ri; vctari, victori, visrery, vi- 
 Sonari, voluntari; sparo, sta/onari; stori, histori, seclentari, sec- 
 ondari, semeteri, simetri, sumari, scnturi, senqri: moc^ri, mistgri, 
 mostqri, miaqri, Misuiri, cmisari, memori, mumcjri, monitori, 
 mandatori, monastpri; comentari, notari, injuri, incwjri, invento- 
 ri, nesesari, insendiari, nursqri, ouorari. 
 
 E final struc down. Epictir, comper, compar, pi^jor, pjonsi: 
 obsciir, briar, blsr, blur, blunder: contuir; transpjr: deplor, 
 
TABLES OF It ANJ> I,. 
 
 <lr,1>cir, devowr. despar, dcjr,'lrr. adinjr, demur, demur, dcmgnor; 
 erspjr, ccsplor, ckr; gitqr, gaaeter, grostjr; ferrswar, friar. 
 front?' 1 , flor. flar, flower; ovqrsgr, ovqvher. volnntn-; spa-, spjr, 
 spar. spqr. aspir, jupsnor, stqr, star, erster, secur, sccr. scvar, 
 scar, scs.tr, scowr, cscvvjr, sfer, sim^r, smer, sum^r, sinssr, sensor, 
 senfer, sner, sEiiyor, snor, snar: empjr, umpjr, mov/ntansr, ma- 
 /Ur; ciifjr, cn'/fr, cn'/ur, ansyr. 
 
 In dis clas qr olso Az foloiij: 
 
 I)t'i-ii-,'itii- tioms. Pox^r, compoaqr, predesesor, purqas^r, pro- 
 fcsor, puvif qr, opresor. apraayr, purser, pla^r, plost^rgr; bj-;r, bru< 
 (jr, blund^rqr; trj_fl^r, trejurqr, ut^rqr, tmnsgresor, adv[i!( g 'r, dis. 
 pcns<;r, <ljtji - , duiqv, dresq;-, [dl^r, coudensqr, dans^r; qiugfjr; justi- 
 %r; cat-jr^v. acunyr, erc/onsr, crjijr, carigr; gadqr^r; ofisqr, coufcs- 
 or, fensqr; vcnyu^r; sup^r^jgor, hwisp^ryr, sponsor, ssdqsqn 
 snf.jrqr, asesdr, - : 'y^r, slsqr, smatqrtjr; Jaivr; qrrifis^r: laborer, 
 lecturer, luigqr; inurdgrqr, nuirmurqr, manufacturer; wondqrqr. 
 
 Derivativ ajuctirz* Denser, coi'stjr, grosqr, grander, pretiqr. 
 brjttjr, /ert^r, hcirdqr, oldqr, qrliqr. 
 
 L wid a. KOV:C! fo'oii) struc up. Pqrsli; badli, absolutli; truli- 
 ut^rli; dedli, dircctli; cupola, acemlinli, ecsesivli; cgzactli, gladli; 
 frgli, famili; veriii, vanli: scali, scarsli, safli; rapidli, hqr</li, hqrti- 
 li, vurldli; lalli, Ijcli, luvli, lonli, wilirjli; unibrela, im^diatli, mis- 
 la, msrli, homli, homili, monopoli; nebula, iutalyo, n[sli, namli, 
 anomali. 
 
 *3s foloig derivativ wurda.qr ritn wid ds r hue, err wid t1s 
 downward lr: 
 
 Popular, prowler, pc Ili 3 r; hetyr, bralgr: tatlqr, traveler, terlqr, 
 jr: <li-,pqr, di^umbigr, dEiumor; juglqr. jueltjr, jepynqr; cajsr. 
 i-: gambler, grumbler, graadur; seller, stragl^r, strol^r, 
 r, selt;r, simpler, smugl(jr, smorlqr; repqr, robqr, warbler, 
 (|nj(;r, revclijr, ramblijr. rnr)irli;r; Ij.bel^r, levelqr; inedltjr; 
 
48 STKNOMIO'NOGRAPHKK. 
 
 clg ubuv list contana Imt fu ov fa derivative endirj in li and ri:n 
 wid fa upstroc. In sum sue, wurda it ia disjerynd. 
 
 L flint 1 str/d' rloi'-n. Cpisl, pul, nposl. proposal, propel, 
 prowl, pensil: btgil, hreryl, hro-1; trivial, terestrinl, tr[al, tril, 
 control, tral, turmffyl. trainel, tendril, yntcnsil; dptal, ductil, dis- 
 posal, distil, dal, dosil, dianal, dogijvel, drial, dril, drol; cabal, 
 c isl, ctirlal. ceridial, cruel, cre-1, canibal, couubial, cansel: cown- 
 . ; cl: Lcutural; futil. fdtal, fusil, foail, fqvtil. fral, fi/yal, flal, fcmal, 
 efemqral, funeral; ve-el. vasal, volatil: tisl, tril, trerl: spery^ 
 spol, lios/il, scrcl. sc-el, soil, scuil, PCWF'J seal, scu!, scowl, snul, 
 sniflfl, snal; iiii])d, imb^sil, macgrel, mongrel, mineral, h|menedl; 
 intfgr.il, nutral, entrol, instil, na^al, numeral. 
 
 int"r>ei''i#t nt-".r up. Prejus. pqrni/us. prrco/us; obuocjus; 
 ivtrojns. tenajiis. contiiinajus; ^dnjus, dflijiis; judi/us; c'ipa/us, 
 caprijus, cw/u?: {rra/us: eficajus, ofijus, ftro/us; vi/us, Vfra/u?; 
 spr/us, spt/ix, spa/us, frspi/us. suspijus, sapa/us: rapa/us: ambi- 
 /us. mali/us; nocjus; aijjus. 
 
 E ititermrdiilstrue down. Fuili.fnes; nurijmtjnt. 
 X if/if a ro/vt'l fo!o/i) ftrtir up. Spyji, milija, acaja. 
 
 y. fina' atrttc tlotcn. Perif. pari/, poli/; bruj. hluj. nl>oli/, ble- 
 iiii/, bani/; flistirjgwij, dimiuij, udmonij: gen/, Qildi/; ecstiflgwij, 
 cruj, era/, cla/: . . furnij, f: ef, f lej, flu/, fla/, fiulij, flnrij. famij; 
 .yurnij, vnnij, vancwi/: tiiij; scwoj, scWsmiJ: reli/, relincwij; 
 lavij, laggwij; ambuj; nuri/: arjgwij. 
 
 i. tie foloir) tabl. ontiaud from pajea 14 to 23, iz ehtirli ov 
 fcrrm. Consccwqntli. similar forma, however vnriig in plas, sja, 
 frr in Ijt and hcvi strocs, wil be fownd nsr eg udgr, and wil often 
 br plast for fa sac <jv brcviti in fa sam Ijn. In n fu casea awurd 
 Ima bin insert ed in de das to hwiq it belernz. oldo no udjr wurd 
 i ritu wid At sum ftfhn. inerrtl^r tu atract atenfeutode 
 
DISTINCTION OP FLACK, 49 
 
 Uca3ouali olso, ferr dg sac ov comparisn, a clas ov ward? it in- 
 trodust liwic; prop^rli bfle'n? to a diftjr^nt divi5ou. 
 
 3is tabl wil be fownd particiilarii yu.gfu.1 to Ac Iqrngr for ref^- 
 rqns in dssifqrii) reportijj manuscripts, hwen a form ha?, bin ritn 
 so badli dat hs can not tcl ogsactli ov hwotletijra it ia compogd. 
 Ocajonal rcf^r^nece in parcntessa wil bg mad to ud^r aljd t'errma, 
 sujestiij ds (janjea hwig carles rjtig ma mac. It \z tu be hopt dat 
 IH wil seldom bg recwjrd coseptirj aa a wernig tu tran de handtvt 
 sug carles habits. 
 
 DTSTITJCXON OV 
 
 SIMPL STROCS, contmud 
 ma Inifa! Lwps. 
 
 1 stsp, stuip (il) stio stigiiiatjg 
 
 2 step itub stat stedi. stu'li stoc. stac, stuc 
 
 3 stop stnb stowt sta-c, stuc 
 
 1 stif (v/) stsr stgl, stj.1, stral (js<) 
 
 2 stut' stav, stov sttjr, stor stil, stal, stol Iqrjest 
 
 3 staf stqr, star stai 
 
 1 stem (m/-) (n/) 
 
 2 stem stump, itanip ttzni stug 
 
 Wiil 1 
 
 1 (titf) btsr. ubu?.d i etlust 
 
 2 post, past, pest best, boit test, last, tost dust 
 
 3 past, perwl tost udvvt 
 
 J cist (nr) tV>:t. fist, foyst, coul'uacl 
 
 2 Ctr-st. i-t: = ! ; ast fast, efast 
 
 3 co-?d ; acsiiclj acerst (/gust fast vast 
 
'>& SIBNOPHOJSOGKAPHKil. 
 
 2 iiai-st ?,i*st wurst vtjrst, coiiv^rst lest, lust, lust - 
 
 3 ; harost, arest I -.-.t. lerst 
 
 1 mist, iiKyyst, umu,ad impost iaflugnrt 
 
 % must, most, ama?d iuipoad necst. uist. oona 
 
 3 erlniost, amost, inast one?! 
 
 COMPOWND STROCS. 
 
 ///V/ ,/f Z'/^/r// R Hue. 
 
 1 prjs, prjg, compija brea, l)Hi trus ; tr[s, trjz, tr&>. ilrj/ 
 a praa, pres, prog bras, rs-niemb^rz tras, nt^ra <lj-(^ 
 3 apraa, practise? numb^ra trea a'lrcs, 
 
 1 crjz, crua Coggrcs, gres, tgres, ayrex. GITS 
 
 2 curs, ocurz, acqre, caraot^ra. concur?, gras, gros, grew 
 
 3 cre^s, acruz <rrus, 
 
 1 frea, fr[a trjs wid^rz prssijou contrijou 
 
 2 confgra, fraa troa dar ia prese/on.'proso/on tlurajou 
 
 3 ofgra, afraa e-tora ndqra pqrswajou atrijoii 
 
 pnin brjn tr[n grin 
 
 2 prou, apron bran tran dran, (Iron cran gran, gron. 
 
 3 bran, brown drown crown 
 
 s. pmna 
 
 2 pqrfecfou abrajon brana. remembraas 
 
 3 opsrajon prans 
 
 1 print, prund truant 
 
 2 trang dran?, drone brunt trand drand 
 
 .T trans, ut^rans drown?. brand, brownd drownd 
 
 1 grjnd (pr>it) 
 
 2 grand) grunt, grond " frend 
 
 3 orownd gro\vud > grant front, fVowad, afrout coufrout 
 
DISTINCTION OF PLACK. h] 
 
 t prrst, oomprjad brqgd trist Crjst grist 
 
 2 pvest, pra?.d brest trust, trast drest crust, crest grast 
 
 3 praetist, op vest cibrest contrast adrest cre-st 
 
 //"./ ih Inifal L Hue. 
 
 1 plee. acomplis blis, Leleva ohia tgls 
 
 2 plas, psph blcs, I)]HK, bl'oz cerl?., clog, clos glag, gitj^. 
 
 3 aple^. aplj?. lilows. hobh olas, clffg glas, glos 
 
 compljans clsna glniK 
 
 2 plan, complan blon plan?, complana dene glena 
 
 3 plan plane balans clang g-lans 
 
 1 plead coiu-pliant bljnd otend glsnd flint 
 
 2 plast blest coin-plant blend, blunt c%nt fluent 
 
 3 blast plant bland gland flqnt 
 
 Wiilowt Inifal. Hues. 
 
 \ compogifoii ac\vi?.ijon confjna, f[ha vjm. convgn?. 
 
 2 posijon, poxcjou acscfon fens, fan? hevna, convius, evins 
 
 3 Opoaijou aciiza/on ofetis 
 
 1 Jjna, comifoiii! [1-0112 Ijna, Isna, Ijou?, \vulen 
 
 2 o/ana, con/^ns 0033011^ urana, *jraa lonz, lene, lana, alycn;?. 
 
 3 como/ona wwrng, borna lans, alowans, lffn 
 
 1 msna, mjn, mena, mum'?, imi'H'i^ ynnyoui' .. 
 
 2 mang, imens, omen?. anowns, 
 
 TU SIMPL STKOCS. 
 
 1 2 3 
 
 pj.cti jiiti, poet, peti patwq, 
 
 bt. jiii buili, b[ it biiti, pada howbsit, bato 
 
 bd beryhud, bsflu bodi, bgbcd objected 
 
 in' fSe yt.) jin/Hto, lifadtti^ apetjz, aprttu.^ 
 
S1EKOPHOXOGEA.PHER. 
 
 PS, PJ 
 kg, b J 
 
 beg, bewiq. bj hwig baq ; buj baj, abject 
 
 pc 
 
 be 
 
 pec, pjc, epic pic, pec, poc pac 
 bee, buc, tu bora bar, bee, becum bar. bore, becain 
 
 PSi b S 
 
 pig, big peg, beg, bug bag, bog 
 
 pet 
 
 pscerf, picet, bigami poe/ic, peticot facet, pocet, optic 
 
 pf- 
 bv 
 
 pivof, bef, bshuil paf, pav, buf l)fhq,f 
 behuiv, bfhjv abuv, bshav, obvirt abaf/ 
 
 pt- 
 
 pit, pitii bwd bot. bad, epitet pat, apafci. baf 
 
 ps 
 
 pjus, bjas poi, bigi piasa 
 
 PJ- 
 
 puj, buj, bffyij abajt 
 
 pr 
 br 
 prt- 
 ppr " 
 pE, bB 
 
 pRd 
 
 prnr, pr r, pjr por, aper, rompar powqr, par, pq,r 
 ber, bjqr. brar bar, bf war, bor bcir, bow^r, abherf 
 bsrd, b[wurd pqrt, port, bord apqrt, bqrd 
 bgvtjr pavqr ; behavyor [upward 2 
 buro, bsra beri, boro, buro optjra, pari, baro 
 pjmt, uprmc, puriti uprjt, parti paro<, pariti 
 period parad, borod parodi 
 
 pi 
 
 bi 
 
 plr- 
 plt- 
 
 bi, 
 PL* 
 
 apel, pul, pjl, pel pal, pol, uphil perl, apel 
 bil, be-yl, bul bal, bel, bol bel, bowl, bowe 
 pilori. beryl^r pilar, polar palor 
 bilt, bild uphold, bold berld 
 puli pilo hapili, aptli 
 1, bilo, bjler, belj belo, belo, bsla bala 
 polut, pjlot poljtj eperlet paliat, palat,palet 
 bile',buleC,biledTO palid,polisi,polai balof, bal ad 
 
 pm, pny> 
 bm 
 
 pcimi poem, opium pqin, pomp 
 bsm, buim. bi ms bum, bump bqm 
 
 pn 
 bn, bg 
 fcrit; bud 
 
 putii, psoiii com'pani, peni piano, acom'pani 
 bjin boni/boni,biij banyo, bowig 
 beryoaij bthjud) bowntij ba^oaigt bongt, bafldi 
 
K I-I..\CK. 
 
 Tp, tb tip. Mb. t'ibui t[p, tap, tub top, tap 
 
 dp, db dip, dup, dabu dep, depo. dub d<?b, dab 
 
 tp/ tipv*. dop 1 ;/ -ulep/. debii/ ndap/. adop/ 
 
 tc/b it VVLI// b'c, tipto erUube, dep^ti hotbed, owtbW 
 
 ttj, dj te<j, diq tiuj. Du<;, ;ulaj ata.<j. at hwiq, doi 
 
 tc tuc. tic tac. tut- tec. lac, utar 
 
 do due-, decery, djc dsca, dw. due doc- 
 
 L tg) dg twitr. dig, di^niti tug. dug , dog 
 
 tc/ tk'c/. t.dic^ ds '"/no/. (Uv/iciif toe/, snli.'cwa/ 
 
 :tf dgt|. def, djv tuf, cdit'j, tluv 
 
 tt ttt, tuit, tjd dot, dut, diu-4a at-dai, 
 
 ts id'.'isi, fliai 'da?.! it wo?. h<Uhi>u-g 
 
 tr ter, rjr, tiur ;<- v r. tar !it[r, tow(jr. tat 
 
 dr adhpr, djr da:r, dor, ador do \vfjv 
 
 trt i\r>l, (U "(;/ hwote&qr, d$ri tqrt, tffrt, o wtwar^ 
 
 tK, (!K tjro, diari tori, dari tavi. dowri 
 
 tl til, toryl, tuil tal, tcl, tol tfirl. towel, at el 
 
 dl del, d[al, duel dwel, dul. del dol 
 
 tlr, dlr til^v, dg'.^r fcelqr, talOr,dwelqr tfflqr, dolar 
 
 tU tilt, lild, tofyld dclt, dwelt adult 
 
 tt, dL duli, ddf dull, dtla tali, owtie-, dal ; , 
 
 iU~ twjljt, deljt.dihit dalj.t, djlat te-ylet 
 
 tm, \mp 'tern. t[m, twin tarn, it ma, teiupqrans erlum, atoiii 
 
 dm, dn'/i dan, dim, dram fcoudem, duin dam. damp 
 
 'tm/ timid, dpmd temt, admit atciut, had mad. 
 
 tn, dn t|ni, denj Etna te-ni, downi 
 
 tg, dr) tirj, djirj tin), wedirj twarj 
 
 Gp tjgp, qip ijaptqv, job, Job qop, qap 
 
 qc qk-, qie ;;oc, joe QCTC, jac, joci 
 
 '<$ tief, at;bi 'iihovu, Juv yaf 
 
STEXOI'HONOGRA I'HKK. 
 
 J s l j 
 
 c;m- 
 
 j'l'S'S. j^i joyus. uj 
 
 9 ; ',- f;or, hwi<;cv*;V 
 
 bejjra 'jari, (jori. jnri 
 
 c.il jil.j.ici jai, jal^r 
 
 <;ili. .lull, iuvjli jeli 
 
 joli 
 
 cjin. Jin 
 
 cjnmbtir, join, jump nmc; inor, jam 
 
 Cp csp, ciup, scwip cap, cup. coj> 
 
 copi, oc\ipj. crt 
 cab, gap 
 
 C9. J 
 cf 
 
 d acwit, gO'di 
 
 cowr, 
 
 coi, cqt', cwaf 
 
 cb, gp cub, Ct]ba cub, gap 
 
 ct wiced. gidi cwjet, ecAviti.gf 
 
 caq. caj 
 off: cut', cav, c:ov 
 
 cur, owjr. CIVET car, cor, colter 
 gr gsr, cwiv$r,givqr gor, cuvgr 
 R. gu cwsri, biooii cari, 'curi. gori 
 1 cil. fuil, tcwal, vo-yl cwal, cwel, cwl, cul ccrl, cowl 
 cl, dr gil. gil 
 
 afcwjr, co.r, 
 eqrd, gq.nl 
 cwori, 
 
 gal, gol, culor 
 CL ; gL gcwali, \vfdi gali, guli 
 
 cm comprtiju;^. 
 CTI ccinui, cii|. ii 
 
 Fc fig, KVOC 
 
 fr for, Hi 1 
 
 'in; vr h\>,r. \t 
 
 I'll. VK %1'i, t'livi 
 
 t'l fgyil^iljlTUJ.fuc' 1 Mil. id. fol 
 
 vl vjl, vi/ii. VF'. val, aval 
 
 gffl, colar 
 
 gali 
 
 cam, gain, gum cqm.aems, camp 
 
 agoui, gwq.no, goii) hacnt, gar), gog 
 
 lact. elect, vag. vog afect.fog, havoc 
 
 .i';ir. fisr afar, fqr 
 
 favor, hcvigr 
 
 fflri, feri, furo. vari i'aro 
 
 fe-1, fowl 
 vowel, avowal 
 
 {]., vi. foli. voli 
 
 .ftp n;p, rj 
 sb rib. nil. 1 ' 
 
 folo, felw, bc.vili falo, vnli 
 
 it;}<H, rop. rcprr.Kent rap 
 .-nb, T^V. rob 
 
DISTINCTION OF !' 
 
 Rd 
 
 vit, r.ut, riot rjt. rat, rut 
 rid. rjd. md mli, red, ;\jd 
 
 it. rat, 
 rod, ro\vdi 
 
 row| 
 
 M 
 
 riij, rKij. rij rec,, raj, retjoV 
 
 
 
 K<J 
 
 nc. rig, rt;i( 1 reo, rac, rog 
 
 ;., ISO, !:;: 
 
 
 Kt 
 
 rjf. rmf, rev-i ruf, rav, rov, rive/ 
 
 roft 
 
 
 Kt 
 
 ret. red; rjd qit, vvurdi 
 
 rcrt, rat 
 
 
 id 
 
 ' 
 
 vcl. ril, royal, nil real, ral. rol 
 royal i. royli rsali, rela 
 
 ruli 
 
 
 uiu rein, num. rim, rjm rum, ruin. remir, reiiirjj i-.uit 
 
 itn iTnii. ri-iin, rig rani, rerij, rug, ivn^. i'.i; r'.-'.vn'" 
 
 fp Y'imp. htrbj burp, \v-orp, <jrl),ofrbi< inyarbj, a-rb 
 rt.nl arj^t hqrti, hqrdi, huriil horid, arid 
 
 lifvuii- wurc. o)V(ji'cuiii. qi'gu. qrc. liqrc. qrgo 
 
 nu IUT me, hsr mj qrmi, wurni, li^rmi/ worm, <inn. b<tnu 
 
 tp lip, It-p, Iqif help, help/ lap. lop. lobi 
 
 LC l)c, luc, lie lac, luci loc, lac 
 
 L! Ijf, lsf,lv, liv lof, luv, left, luv// luf, \ t \\;\ 
 
 l,m lira, Ijm.lmm lain, lorn, limi/ lam 
 
 M<j iinsj, impeq may homaj 
 
 me mso, mitigat mac, mug, magnifis^nt mo<> hamor 
 
 ml mgl, mil, mil, inu.1 inal, mol. impel mal. am pi 
 
 N>; iucj, niy, hinj in hwiij, enjefy, went; noi;, hqm; 
 
 nc nic, nuo, yunec nee, neglect, naced noc. nac, nag 
 
 nf njf. envi, unfit enuf, na^, nav, iuva nativ 
 
 nl nel, anel, iuhal nel, nal, nul, nmvel anul 
 
 PUBL LEU! STROCS. 
 
 Pp pep, pjp, bittbi pop, popular, babi pop. poj)i, bob 
 tt tjdi, dito, dji-'t, Deiti tuda, duti, data o-dit. oditi, 
 oc owic, eic, cue- cac, cwae, cognisant coc. co-c. r-\v;ic 
 
iT STF.VOl'HON-OOKAVHKn. 
 
 f- J far, if da qr fqdqr, ferr dar hqi dar 
 
 t-, d- did<>- tirjc dar, dr. udtjr t age dar. do dar 
 
 s-. v.- SK dar. yn< .'mr so dar, sa dar. won dar ser dar 
 
 J- wi," dar Jal dar, Jo dar 
 
 r-, //- hsr dnr mdtjr. t-v^ri udqr Invar dar 
 
 1- Ij dar \vil dar alow dar 
 
 in-, m/i- iinpnav dsir niudyr, ma dar am dar 
 
 n- iifiUjr. in dar nnii(t;r. no dar now dar 
 
 MISELrlNIUS UOMBiNAEONZ. 
 
 Ptsabl po^ibl, couifinstibl pasabl 
 
 ?])isl puzl. biisl aposl 
 
 poles, bilyu.s. bjlo-g belos, piloa pulaz, balots 
 
 pURiti, pERiod pciKti, pai?a(l, bonod paniti, paRodi 
 
 peRiodz, paRadJK pqntia; piiRads; apcmatus 
 
 brjtn, prudqnt pretend, burdn ap^rtan 
 
 preq, brfg, brij pS l 'Si P ur j uproq. abrij 
 
 pric, brie, bruc, brig brnc. broc, brog practicabl, brag 
 
 pnuf, pniiv,br?f i>rofit, profct apnuv 
 
 prjvat, pi-mvd provjd. pijrvad abreviat, apnuvd 
 
 psnig.pjrats, burn? porus, beria, l>oro Paris, pari 
 
 prian l"jrsn, prea^nt, p^v sent, braan 
 
 permit, lirim, brmm promot, Rbraham promt 
 
 pupil, bjbl papal, bubl, bg abl babl 
 
 Tjtl, till total, dKtal tatl 
 
 tjtqr, tjd-wertqr detor, det^r tat^r, tot^r. dert^r 
 
 dtsQiit it iz not. desend cjudesend 
 
 dn-jd tirad, tqrdi torid 
 
 trie, turc-i. cuntruilict true, dqr.;. direct trac, con-tract, atruct 
 
 tjrunt adherent tor^nt 
 
 diamond atonrnqnt, demand adamant 
 
 <4, den[<; '\vitnes, dmirjE 
 
 '' i.-nti, denct tit-jniiat 
 
DISTINCTION OF I'l.ACK. 
 
 hwig can muc, can 
 
 hwig u not, yestnut ajasqnt 
 
 J:;rmuni 
 
 capqr copqr 
 
 ecspeml ecspaud, ccapown i 
 
 ecspens ecspans 
 
 ecspcnsiv ecspansjv 
 
 ccsept acscpt 
 ecajt, esi f , eased ocsH, gaisct. hog?.he : l aefsd, eastawi 
 
 ecstend, eastcnt ccstant, acsi'l^nt 
 
 'cos el, gagel casl, acsl 
 
 crep, eruip, crib crap crop, crab 
 
 grip, gruip, grjp grap, grop, grub grab 
 
 crsc, eric, cruc croc crac. crag, grog 
 
 grtf ci-nr, gi-atifj. graf craft, gruft, agravai 
 
 grtv, : gr*iv gmv, grov agrev, agrevl 
 
 eors, car?., eohma acwjrc.. care, cnwy < 
 
 creosot, crusad crusti, cursed acursed 
 
 cniel curta! cr<rl, growl 
 
 Crsm,crim, grim, giuiin cruni, croin cram, cramp 
 
 clip, glsb, .glib club, glob ciup 
 
 clec, clic cloc cloc, clog 
 
 clev, clif clov. gun-, cultivt 
 
 coales calus, galoa 
 
 :i, p-liu7ii clam, clump, glum clam, clamp 
 
 WEcnes. .CiTjs, giiiii'. ii^diiix.. agonix gag?., gonst 
 
 Fjbqr, vjptr vapor hqfbrsd 
 
 fsbl, fffybl fabl afabl, hafbln-1 
 
 Qt^r, fit^r. fsd^r fct^r, vot;r fat.jr 
 
 vacqiti, evict, f.vtact va:at, efected fgt, Evacuat, tdFf. ;i- J 
 
 ficz, fig, EVOCS facts, efecte, vecs foes, afects, fog 
 
RTEXOPHONOORAPHER. 
 
 Qc/on s evic/oa 
 varjcti 
 
 vaca/ou, voca/oa 
 vcriti. varid 
 
 afec/on, fac/on, arocnfra 
 ftfor'led 
 
 ttrJ, ftrs, fjrg, vnv. 
 
 fofii. far?., favora 
 
 furs, afara 
 
 conflict 
 
 flsc. flap 
 
 floe, aflict, flog 
 
 fela, fiia, fjh,fui'.<> 
 
 fala, val?, avah 
 
 fols, ffflg, fowl* 
 
 v[ol^nt 
 
 vilan 
 
 valytjiit 
 
 Truiowt, liidtjrto 
 
 tfjrti. darto 
 
 darat 
 
 Spsr, spjr 
 
 spur 
 
 spqr 
 
 spiTn. sp[ra 
 
 Sparz 
 
 spqrz, spqra 
 
 ru'rpil/., surirj>c^ 
 
 
 supres. supresea 
 
 
 teport/oa 
 
 suprejon 
 
 spil. s]ioyi, spuil 
 
 strec, strjp. strict, 
 spec, spjc, spuu- 
 M-i-tvr, secur<l 
 
 scsni, scim 
 ecil, scml, secwel 
 SKcretnes, s 
 slip, slip, shup 
 
 S.KC. sJic 
 t-lim, sljm 
 smjl 
 ttmiy 
 ?ntc, si\jc 
 siur, 
 
 Zrivdnes 
 
 Rtps, rips. rib?. 
 htrupou 
 
 spel 
 stabi 
 
 stroc, struc, consti-dct 
 spue, spue, spec 
 
 sc-or. scwar, scqrt scar, ?Cacr, scowr 
 CSOFK, scwai*, sc^rts scare, SCC^R, scan 
 scum. sUcum scamp 
 
 seal, scul, secular, scold scowl, scalar 
 sacreilnes 
 
 slop, a? wil he slap. >lbp, slab 
 
 selebriti 
 
 slac, sclent, sluj; slac, slig 
 solem seMorn tlam 
 
 sniel. .sitnpl smel, sampl 
 
 sum wun, sumiij, ax meni 
 snac, snug, surjc sn:u:. snag, sa^jc 
 shar. siior, scn'l^r sento-r, sownd^r 
 
 repoz, rops^ i-ci>re2en!s raps, robi 
 hwarupon 
 
DISTINCTION OF PLACE. 
 
 rtdq,s, ride, r[da 
 
 radius, rods, rjte 
 
 rod?., rots, ruts, i 
 
 riqez, rccjee, rjc,us 
 
 rejcrys, j'ecjea, rnjen 
 
 ni^ets 
 
 Xtufs, rtviv?, refua 
 
 refiis, revja, mvg 
 
 rafts 
 
 reset, rss't, rmd 
 
 rusti, ro?.et, rca[d 
 
 rogeat 
 
 rjn, resind 
 
 rs?.n, rt'Sfjiit, rezent 
 
 rowisii) 
 
 Licwid,lucowt 
 
 tacat, legate 
 
 locet, lacada, lop 
 
 Ijcs, lies, lues 
 
 lacs, lega, luga 
 
 lacs, log, lagg 
 
 aleviat 
 
 elevat, leviti 
 
 lofii 
 
 Ijvli 
 
 luvli 
 
 
 line,, liacaj 
 
 lunq, lunj 
 
 l<Uig. lownj 
 
 M. implj 
 
 euipltry, aniiubl 
 
 hvmbl 
 
 meg^r, mjgruf 
 
 KHnejr, einigrst 
 
 ntoc;r 
 
 xnics 
 
 macs, nivtga 
 
 taocs r baii<.oc 
 
 muRic 
 
 mistae, muse 
 
 muse, bom sic 
 
 humiliti, mildu 
 
 melodi, moldi 
 
 amlatn, nialadi 
 
 miuut, imuniti . 
 
 min it, ImmarMti 
 
 emariflt. amewiti 
 
 iminqnf 
 
 eminent 
 
 
 uninqnf 
 
 emin^as 
 
 
 rowt 
 
 N. 
 
 entjs 
 incur, asgro 
 
 no it h 
 nocqr, aycar, 
 
 ins parafcl 
 
 notis, in its, iudus 
 
 yui)g<jr, hiirjgqr 
 infU3pn, inovafoti iuvajou 
 ins[t r njseti, iusjd onesti, unsed.Wen^da uii.strt. n'.;sti 
 onsen, yunisn, inosyit insan h eusjn. linsuij onsowud. 
 nedles endles 
 
 Not. In ftc latter pi^rt ov dis tab!., from de bot<Ma o*t paj 5J, >; 
 (k wurda in &K sam Ijn fir intended tu bs ritn al|c r ecseptii) *ts 
 dif^rqps ov plas, and ecscp'iij dg dif^rynsoa in dx sja and lerjt <>- 
 <k stroca. Hes fc aotajon liu*'. bin seltk>m ruwrtcd tu. ^ia 'w. 
 de lost ijn but wun, dar en- Ire v\uj-di in ds f ,rst plas, di; Lif La- 
 ifl. a hqflegt % te iai ds secou.ii ylas,. de liost iltii wkl ^ t^- 
 
OKZERVllZONS. AFTER 2. 
 
 Sins de printig ov de ftjrst, porfion ov dis buc, ten 
 hav elapst, unsetlig mar dan haa bin se^ld di^ig dat tjm. 
 Ais do edih'on ov Lugli'B Manual hwiq j bav bin foloig, i 
 uot now ezm tu be obtand, j fial condens aa mug aa posibl 
 4 rcmandtjr ov hwot j had prepa,rd, and fial reagrv for 
 1'q.rt 2d el cements conected wid subsecvr^nt qanjes. rdgr 
 ^iv mj on or ov ndgrs. 
 
 LESN 15. He X Hue. 
 
 40. Ir-sted ov \vu red vrn: and ad Irn, mpn, and $U. 
 
 41. X\i gramalog. 
 
 pn 1 opinyon fn 2 fonografi tns 3 at wuni 
 gn l begin 3tr ocagon dins* delivgrou 
 
 i'. <It hue ma freewjntli bf. omitod, tu be cuplid in voooljia- 
 Jon; az in !itiniUjnt, ntcinnusnt, contwiMu jilt, cvanjeli*t, con^* 
 en/us. But in HIQ case? if ds, uraijon ov dr hue in reportu) ledi 
 to uuibiguiti, sum udqr form must bt selcctiid. 
 
 Rftiy Ecs'vs'iz. Hwcn-yiu hjrn dt wa jut-ma venqqr alon in 
 a tlnrc cav.jrn wid impuniti. i-/al t'i tu jfiv in mj ecsgrsjse* a* 
 rau<j az posibl ov hwot [ <\t?.\r tu sa ov fonografi, becwz in mj 
 >;iinvon yiu \\ il l;rn bctijr bj hjrnirj fU wuiis fe ferrjnz arid 'di 
 oeaj'in ov yu-fiij ilcin. it-hua-bin-yu^ual tu yn'. 4s nhuc ttn 
 jeniqral and prinisii'l; but dv fo'riii j yu>; jwyna mor redilj. 
 
8TEHOPJIONOORAPHEB. 
 
 LESN16. 'Je Son *nd F Hues. 
 
 42. 3e/-i-' hue ma be jerynd to de dafi for 'hav;' aa 
 \ hav, tu hav, fiud hav, cud hav, hco hav, &&. Jtrynd bj 
 ljsns to de dot, it macs de caract^r u , for da hav, and 
 <fc}r hav. 
 
 43. NH, gramglogg. 
 
 df 1 dificult prf 1 privilej 
 
 df* develop prf ! perfect bf ! befor 
 
 df 3 advan'aj pri' 3 perform gf 8 govern 
 objecfion, ^ubjecfion. gatisfacfion, significafion. 
 
 Ersi'rs'iz. It { veri dificult ferr mg tu develop fa advan* 
 UJea-ov mj iinprmvinqnts from Af nssesiti ov y\\..hj so muq owt 
 ov de wa laijgwaj tu ecsprcs mj idr.at. Hwen At jilan for dg /- 
 hue wpa f^ist j:ubli/t, it struc me az de?. jrvuj ov adop/on. Bffor 
 yuahj it howt-.vfji' j luc fa sam oors [ olwa pursu wid nu c 
 tu egeaioin it carfuli and Iqrn h eitjr it woe reuli yq,sful. 
 
 Hqf Leyt Stracs. 
 
 i4. Nev<,r mac a )jt hqf-lcgb strat Ijn befor <rr aftgr Q 
 cunr, widowt a definit aggl. 
 
 45. Q Iji hqf-legb curv befor u-r aftqr a hevi stroc wid- 
 t>wt a defin't atjgl, can not be distiggwifit from de hevi 
 iron, and fm 1 da.rfor be avcryded. 
 
 46. Nij, gramaloga. 
 
 prt 1 particular bt l betwen md l imediatli 
 prt 1 oportiiniti ft 1 oft^r nd z und^r 
 
 Jntf jentlmon nrd 1 in ord^r tu 
 
BTBKOrnOIfOORAFREB. 
 
 Evtersiz. If-yiu-wu^-no de va'u 8 ov muni, see At 
 provqrb,, trj tu boro sum. So if yui wu I no ds dificulti 
 su<; ecsysjee? a? dea, trj tu Kit sum undqr ds sam restriejbn*. 
 Sins we can-not Iqrn evqri-tig at wuns, wt Jal erlwa? hav btfor u? 
 6$, plejur ov Iqrnig su:u-big ni- i-hav-dun wid fonografi hwot 
 udqra <\r duiig in ev^ri branj ov s'^ns: ( hav givn de best results 
 j cud now utan, Isvig it fr sum nu. edi/'on sr nvt wurc tu mac 
 df tistcm uior perfect aftqi 1 mor ytrz ov ecspmqns. 
 
 LESN 18. 3t Imps, 
 
 41. 3e leap, fiu'i be r^rfuli distiggwifit from de clips, 6 
 aiftjFijns bei| presjali de sam a? beiwen de hue and de w 
 er i/ ser-a c,v vowels; go dat o, btven it stands alon, dui 
 BOt repreaeut .-/ in raj sistem. 
 
 48. NH, gramalogg. 
 
 mst almost nst necst 
 
 Ecsersiz. f now fjnd injsclf abl, for dg fq st tjm in dea 
 ecs^rs[aea, tu acnolej ; 1at j am in'leted to d Fonografic In- 
 strwctor, b[ Prof- Jamz C. Buit ov Filade'lfia, ferr SIMI ovmj sen- 
 t^nsee; and dat dat wurc woa dsf^rst publi/t upon 6x prea^nt plan 
 QY averydig ds nesesiti ov u,nlqrnig hwot haz wuns bin acwjrd. 
 3e American Manual ov Fonografi woii dp fqrst tu incwrporat 
 <k priosipl ov fonotipic rjtig lesnz. t clam dg onor -,v haviij bio 
 dc %'st tu pnbli/ a fonograSc instruction buc holi in fonotipi. 
 Mr Andruw woz ds f ;rst tu yuz a notaf n tu indiou fonografie 
 , 4g basis ov mj sistem fer dat purpos. 
 
 IESN t9. Prejinez And Aficsez. 
 
 Freficsea or afecsea eaa be jfirjnd err omitedin meo| 
 aa introd'HS, selfifi, demselva, saiself, limsetf, e^r- 
 eurostana, comid^at^ &&. 
 

 
 50, tie preflcs fur- \z ritn fr and jerynd; az 
 fcrsac, forever, ferget, ferrgotn, forgo, forse, forwern. 
 
 Rjtig Ecsersiz. It-iz-wel tu-bs-abl-fu red el cjridz ov fonogra- 
 fi; but j wud worn ym agenst rjtig mor-dan wnn cjhrt: ferr evgrt 
 canj in At nietod ov rjtiij tvn u snj<;l wui'd involve a smu8 low. 
 Yet j hav cjanj'l and ecsperimentcd, noiij dat if i cud impnuv As 
 sistem, mj lo-s, (jfiiuli sufqrd, wud sun^r >rr latqr I* dg gan ov 
 &F ruilyona hiu wil wun da red and rjt Jerrt-hand. 
 
 ESN 20. 0,- te, to te. 
 
 51. Jle fraaea ov-de and to-flc ocur BO frecw^ntli, 
 abowt 4 p^r sent ov ecstunporaneus sperig, ddt mug 13 
 gand b| ecspres'g dtm bj brigig de foloig wurd ner tc de 
 presedij wun, plasig it a litl abuv ferr to de and belo fof 
 
 ov-de. 
 
 LESN il. Qmifonz* 
 
 62. Indistigt consonants ma often be oraited; aa < in 
 (bet, efoct, cd ect, colect, oonvict, conflict, postofls, post- 
 pon, moatli; c in necst, macsimum; r in su'rp^; &s> 
 
 53. Ud^r consonants ma sumtjma be omited; aft s in 
 Mecsico, int^csicat; / in Filadelfia; n in penitenfiiari. 
 
 54. In 'ormig fraaea, consonants and smerl wurdz qif 
 frecw^ntli omited; aa bet^'r-dan, lergg^'r-dan, grat^'r* 
 dan, fiyr-ide-mos L t-pqrt, it-sema-lto-me, jejnts'toc, hwot- 
 
 55. Wun letqr struc broo anudqr indicats a contraction: 
 a nt, notwidstandig; nv, nevtjrdeles; cl, comite ov 8 
 hoi; niUQ, men wimen and qildrcti; era, caract^rj,. 
 
.64 STENOPHONOORAFHF.K. 
 
 56. Spefiul contracfiona err ecspeditjnts ma be fb-rnvl 
 impromUi in spefial casea; as a Roman capital inifial fnr 
 de often recurig nam ov de plantif or defendant in a !<?- 
 Ht, or evn for sum tecnical te,rm if no fierrthand ecspedi- 
 
 ' qnt redili apera. i doo not bigc it nesesari in de lat^r cas, 
 however, ecseptig to inecspcriqnst reporter?. 
 
 57. Contracfiona omitig de f^rst pq,rt ov a ward, unled 
 a prefics, fiud be avo-jded. 
 
 Ecsepfonz. OTmcst, t'iij, I'ayijrwaj. CiairacUjr'igtic, declara/on, 
 Dec'lara/on-lov-Iji'liependtjns, remeni'bqr, mem'b^r, num'br, 
 'r, mu'q, ma'nv. 
 
 58. Speh'al frazec^grama ma sumtjmz be mu$ forst in 
 crrdqr tu obtan eai fcrrma. 
 
 Egzamplz. Yunijterl-S'ta'ts, Yunij_tfd-S'ta'ts-!o''-Ameri'ca, at- 
 bn, intr:ucted-:tu-inicwjr-:into-i(l-:cc.'-pdinsi-!ov. 
 
 59. tie fgrst and last pq,rts ov a fraz ma stand ferr 6 
 hoi; && in comon print, '-M-rJ - n M ia sumtjma put 
 ferr "Mister Jonson," "cl'k" ferr "clerk," err "hdkf" for 
 "handkerchief." 
 
 K/zampl-. Supr-ism Cort ov dt'-Ynjtod-Stat-, at-4t-tiec8t-de- 
 -/on ov Coij-g're*, :it-:dK-/cs't-se/o, at-dt'-Inst-stjiMi 
 de-Yunited-Stats. 
 
 60. Wurda ma be ritn wid a dif^r^nt ferrm i 
 ftrr de sac ov jerynig. 
 
 Egsamplz. At-eni-raf, at-ei-t;.'m. at-erl, ti^-fumoRO, fcfe-rf-az-lt- 
 raa, <ta-\vi/, it-wi/, hwiq wi/, dt-u^fr, iu-rwpicct-'to, 
 o, in-rnp/j-to, in-/&$-4a. 
 
 Not. Snm fnrdqr sujcs^ona az to moda ov rjtiy wi;r 
 btfor i left Wojinton, hwi^ ( Jal rsvjg and pcstpon to Port Sd 
 
HTKXOI'ltONOGRAPHlR. 65 
 
 S T K N F O N'OG RAF BR . 
 
 PART 
 
 01. In crrdqr tu mac mi wurc mor yusftil, j hav <5on- 
 eluded tu adapt it to a lattjr instrucfion buc ov report,;,, 
 and tu rcvu de varius ptrynts hw^rin mi sistem or ritig haa 
 varid widin dc last ten yerz, and hw^riii it difqrz from va- 
 rius sistemg employe! bj udgr?, Eni wurc on fonografi ma 
 be yttad tu sup'i de veri meni sujesqong upon hwiq erl so 
 nerli ag8 dat i hav not fefft it nesesari tu repct dem, se- 
 lectijj from ic suq porfiong .02 corespond wid mi se^ ^ral 
 i^snij;-^ 4e wares ov Ifoac Pitman himself, fer instons; err 
 doa ov hi brudijr, Ben Pitman ov Sinsinati; but i hav 
 concluded tu mac spefiul refyrqns to de ''Complet KOno- 
 graf^r,"* bj Jara^ Munsn, ov NU Yore siti, dc tonli pro- 
 fefiontil roportijr in dis cuntri, i belcv, hco ha<5 tind^rtacn til 
 j' r ' ;\? (i "omj let and independent wiirc on de subject. 
 
 i>_ HE l(;rntjr, comensig wid de Lesna in Pq.rt 1, wil 
 fcfn '[ <}&> lesna subject to suq modificafion?; and adifional 
 , ; ;nj.;!i<;f)ti/. and direcfions a? qr contand in de corespondig 
 le is/- in i'^rt 2, and in coueoiibn wid dc secfion<;ov de Com- 
 plrt Koiiugrafgr refi^rd to in P(rt 2 in brace f s. Tt ma be 
 wel wlrt't tu rjt de Ritiij P^csgrsiaez prepqrdftrrdoasecfiona, 
 
 *.V*; i n "Complet Fonogrtiftjr," conienst in 1849, won aband- 
 "ti I in IS51 in consecwqns ov m[ atlopjon ov <te s^rctilar vowel 
 s-.-dl; ftud At "i^tenot'onografi}!'" tuc its pla. a > 
 
G6 
 
 ecseptig hwen, from de difijrjnt errdcjr ov de leeua. it \vi4.d 
 be a manifest vjolafion ov de prinsipl stated in 2. [26, 
 ov de C- F-; de lal^r pqrt ov de secfior..] It wil be wel, 
 cot onli in doa rjtig ecs^rejzea but in doa ov Pqrt 1, tu it 
 in lerg-hand trl wurdz in advaus ov de lesn, a* involvig d 
 ^anjez i hav latli adopted. 
 
 63. Gmog de egzamplz rtndgr de dif^rgnt HI,!?, wil oca- 
 gonali be iutrochist wiirdz for comparisn but hwiq du- not 
 propfjrli belog in datplas, and olso vrurda hwic;, oldo pro- 
 p^rl belerrjig d^r. iiivotv priusipla ov contracfiou not yet 
 ecepland. 3e fermgr clas wil be eacload in parenbest :<>., 
 and de lat^r in bracets 
 
 (Imot) de modern "improovoi^rtts" in fonografi, d^r qr 
 sum bwi5 j consider re^nubli saf, tu be yi^d witiin re- 
 stricted limits, iuul Indij j luil d^rfor inclni.1 in de foloil) 
 Lesng, olda j fiud not recomeud dem In SUQ ca^ea de 
 acomponii nois wil indicat de modz ov qtig hwiq j pre- 
 fr, and dc re?n for de prekjrgns. 
 
 64. Upon sum perynts i am not Vet prep^rd tu ecpres 
 a desjde^ opinyon, oWo j ma doo fio befor \ concliid. Q 
 (?) wil be apended in it<j cajsen; and if de lrnr Rud con- 
 clud tu adopt eni modificalion ov mj sistem, he Bud be 
 woqfial tut mac el qam^ in. mjnor detala propqrli acompa- 
 niig suq a modificalion^ however niim^rus suq gu::je8 ma 
 b. 2e adopfion ov de cres-ri^ld papr, frr iustui-b, wud 
 rec\\ jr de revigon ov nerli de hoi sistem. 
 
 AR d^r rea be sum dela* in de publicafion ov Fqrt. 2, ol- 
 dca j doo not antiaipat eni suq prltrd dela aa ucurd in de 
 printig ov Pcirt 1, j, reftjr to Pqrt 3 for mj latent v-^a on &\ 
 dowtful c\veaqona v and upou^ eni mv impruovrnqntb 
 ma be sujested. 
 
67 
 
 LESX.t. i{J^50p74 94.] Sc Consonants. 
 
 65 f hav nevqr until de prezc^nt yer, (1865.) adopted de 
 stroc syia propo^d in 1851 for w, h, and y. Sum ov dem 
 q,r now jen^rali yipd, and wil probobli, j bigc, be ov mor 
 advantaj in incresig de lejibiljti ov fonografi ferr ud^r dan 
 reportig purposez, dan disadvuntaj to de profefiouul re- 
 port^r. 8B hav concluded tu adopt "> w, f y, ^ h, rc- 
 K'jrv g (ie privilej ov y^aig dem bj Ijs^ns, hwenev^r it ma 
 be nesesari, for vr, Ir, and mp, respectivli, aa hertofor. 
 
 .y.i. It haabin a favorit reaerrt ev.;r sjus dsstrocs fcrr u; y, and 
 / v.ijr f^rst propQad,tu yv df; upstroc B widapcndajez, aa a com- 
 j \vn:! o.traetqr; and espefali fer /c. In de lit fdi/on ov ieac Pit- 
 !: m'z Manual ov Fonografi, d mada ov qtiij dte sownds qr nn- 
 M ;ius. KQ ov d^iii heir) provided wid a stroc coutaniij R, in adi/ou 
 to ndqr moda ov reprc^enta/oii. ^ dm not tiuc it ia nesesari err 
 advi^ibl iu fonogrufi evqr tu yua a comp-'wnd caract^r ferr a 
 Biiiipl sownd; and j can hqrdli bslsv it tu be seriusli propoed b| 
 & i:i . entor ov de sistem tu rjt 'qtsqrf ftrr //. 
 
 LESN 2. [3147.] oTe Vowels. 
 
 66. <T^r qr now bre radicali dif^nt vowel scak in yn< ; 
 dc old vowel seal, stil yx^ad bj most Gmerican Fono- 
 gra'^ra; de sqrcxilar vowel seal yued bimjself; and de in- 
 v^rted vowel seal yuzd bi Pitman, Munsn, and ud^ra. i 
 prefer, ynz, and recomend de vowel seal givn on paj 3. 
 
 If de Igrner fiud preftjr tu y\i$ a sics vowel seal, it w 1 
 mac no material dife^ns, so fq,r az breviti for reportig ii 
 
68 8TKNOPHONOOHAPRKK. 
 
 cou84jrnd. It ia de order ov de vowel?, hwi<j i* important, 
 fM it afects de plas and evn de fwrm ov wurd*. 
 
 LfiSN 3. [4958.] cff Diflvij: and A.tpir*!. 
 
 67. 3.R aspirat, k, olwaa present a vowel, and \y. epre- 
 tented bj a sniol dot just befor it, aa in de foloig eg^ampla: 
 
 bed hjv her bom hil hep had 
 H prestdig de stroc w ma be ritn bj a dafi acrrs it. '.a 
 be aded iu vocaljsalion ; ae, hwira, Hwertn. 
 
 Se Dubl Vovdz. [235246.] 
 
 68. It so seldom hapne dat enibig can br -.'fin*! I'i <\t 
 dubl vowel sina dat it i?. unnesesari tia l>;ri! dtir^ <I 
 voirela can aa wel be ritn separatli; and in rep >rf.ig it ia 
 Bufifiqnt tu insert de acsented vowel. 
 
 LESN 4. [63 70.] Jvyniij it 
 
 69. E wud recomend to de lqrnr tu er rad.;r in ecss 
 dan defect, in macig de hevi strocs, in <rnli;r tu ;: ustum 
 de hand to de distinciion. 
 
 LESN 5. [128187.] R, L t . Se Up-*tr,., *. 
 
 70. 3e ecsepfionz to de jen^ral nflz givn in 1'qit 1. wil 
 be introdiist at de proper tjm. 4 fjnd dat in m[ yriu-'is [ 
 mac fi^r eceepfiona DOW dan i did ten ycrs ago. 
 
I'',. Ii- prinsipul re/.n as[nd ftrr mai/irj eosepjoii* to dtv, nil/, 
 IIHK bin dat it iiitrod'ise' (toward fcmne; SIK; ;u Rm, rt. It wil be 
 s?n, howovqr, bj ritirj dr.* fernn* arid turnirj Af papqr 45 rtj WH, 
 Ant da btrum IT and nif, hwig qr not considqrd iacoiiv*ny;nt 
 i<rrim>. + <iij<' dr erwirdues, ec]>c/uli in di' cat ov Rin, cor^Hts 
 ij.-t'li in dp want ov prncti; ;i<! / iz an ecstrcmji ercwurd sown' I f<r 
 "i t'orcn r ni (irlk-t;lat, oldo it i<! nac'irali so f-t[ dat <;il<Jrfn frr- 
 <-wjiitli inbstitut it frr jr. 
 
 LESX 6. [5973.] flat mid fos'fo,,, 
 
 1\. $ hav abandond de aspirated or wpcjr plas. an<Jd<n 
 mi- rc-cumcnd its yi^s. L'nles de papqr i^ rijld veri wjd, it 
 too ner de l^n ubuv. 
 
 .. Duhl-nild papfjr. dat is. papqr ri\ld wid tu ljn<> obowl J 
 I^L -s ;m iiHj apqrt, su dat dr. f;r$t plas incl[nd and pqrpen'iii'H- 
 lur ' i .n:s*ina rest upon d? upqr l[n, and dt: t;rd plas incljn'l and 
 "ticillur strocs ma c mens at dat Ijn, \z vysfu! ftrr l;rn- 
 K. i:i enablig dem tu fernn a proper habit ov rjtig. But nft^r to 
 i'uliit \f. ferrrml. so dat dc reporter fan rjt prop-rh and wido<> t 
 (Hi'irulti npou unrtild pap;r, shjgl rulip \* o\ dat i* iicsesari; ^c 
 pr: isijxxl jus ov ruiii) ; wid ecspi'ri^nst report^''?, briij lu prc-2e,rv <i 
 yuiiiiVnuiti in At sjg ov de rjtiy h\vjij wil enahl dom wid aoiif s i 
 tu I'-innat dr tunownt ov uiat^r conlnnd inagivn number ov p:j- 
 vf. and ds; tjm ncseari fer iu transcrip/on. 
 
 72. 3e t^rma "plas" and "po?.ifion" qr yiigtiQli j H-l 
 - sindiiimiis, a^. da.r ia no sistem ov fonografi publitit in 
 witj hwot j Ctrl pcv.ilion u reg(irded. 
 
 tt'f. tic priusipl ov d>- fTtrs-ruliy i* dis: h pap^r K rul<i wid 
 ; pcQ'tidtlar A* wcl a^. lion'.outul lin<. poni/on rei'<;rirj to <1: f" - 
 i'; r . <! plHc to dt Intcir. II v spas i* dus <ll\[lel lumwntc.li r 
 
70 iTXKOPROKOBRAPHl*. 
 
 4 pozi/ons, tu carespond wid dt dots, <Js dajee, de aspirat and 
 diftorg?, and de ooales^ats. Wn advantaj ov dis iz dat it i>rov[tls 
 13 situa/one ferr eg farm, and savz voealiza/on. Anudqr iz dat it 
 fasilitats fvaegografi; nicni fffrme beig ritn ia de posi/on ov an 
 omited ward tu indicat it, de ritn wurd retariirj its on plas if 
 its ferrra alon wil not jdentifj it, 
 
 J stil bdev dat a yug, iajgnjais, and self-reljant fonograftjr, 
 mjt perfect a sistem ov rjtii) upon cres-ruld pap;r upon &ee jc-nr. 
 ral priusiplz, hwig wud be mar gaili and rapidli ritn dan eni posibl 
 sistem ritn upou comon j)ap^r. J abandondit gsfli in eom-ecwqns 
 ova Ifrrj iut^rupjon ia mjstudi ov fonografic impruivm^nt- l.efo- 
 j liad acwjrd suqfamilyariti wid it ae tu bg asiitcd bj it in re]>o:f- * 
 ig rapid spKcqra. 
 
 73. It wil be obaqrvd dat in consecwqns ov de inv^rHon 
 ov fie vowel seal, ci veri Iqrj number ov wurda qr ritn in de 
 O F- in de b^rd pla hwiq [ rjt in de fgrst, and v^t v, rsa. 
 For dis rean, and becera de vowela qr ecsqanjd in a >iuular 
 manqr, it ia advjzabl dat de Redig Ecsgrsjaea in dc C- .F- 
 fiud not be yU'd bj de l^rn^r ov mj sistem aa redig, ccsqr- 
 sjaea, but merli az ilustrafiona. 
 
 74. Wurda qr ritn in de second plas, hwiq iz } Agnail de 
 most conveny^nt, ecseptig hwen recwjrd tu be dititiggwifit 
 from ud^re ov de sam form; in hwiq cas de wurda most 
 frgcwgntli ocurig qr asjnd to fle 2d plas, and de ud^rz to 
 de 1st, 2d or 3d plas, aa fqr aa posibl, acerdig to dar (Dom- 
 inant vowek. (8e15.) 
 
 It IB frecw^ntli deairabl tu distiggwifi bj a di.'igr^ns ov 
 pla8, an uncomon wurd ritn wid de sam ferm a?, anud./ 
 mor frecwqntli ocurig, oldo d^r ma be no danj^r ov con- 
 flict betwen dem. 
 
 i'f. 3e qanj in de ferrro ov de rul obviats de nesesiti jv -IKJ a 
 list ov ecsep/onz ae dat givn in not /; doa wurdz now taclij A< &1 
 plas und^r de rxil. 
 
8T8NOPHOHOOHAPH1B. 71 
 
 75. It wil be wel fcrr de lqrnt;r at dis peynt tu red de 1st 
 Japt<jr ov Obz^rvafioii^, pajeg 23 31. 
 
 LESN1. 3.t Vowel Grtmdogz. 
 
 76. Gramaloga, or let^r-wurdz, q,r wurda dat q,r ritn bj 
 a siggl caractqr; doa ocurig most frecwejntli beig repreaent- 
 ed bj dots or dafiez, and ud^rg bj strocs, aimpl or com- 
 pownd, s^rcla err elipsea. 
 
 77. Fjndig dat mj practis dua not folo de aranjm^nt in 
 H9, espefiali witf regq,rd to plasig sum frecwgnt wurda be- 
 to de Ijn, | wil repet de list, so modifjd aa tu corespond 
 mor nerli wid mj practis, and wid de nil stated in 74. 
 
 ' 
 
 1 de in 
 
 2 he and 
 
 1 tn, tm tu,to qy | bco-m fiud de forco in-d 
 
 2 'l;\r. dar ov o bow trr on he,bim for from 
 ' &\ but hqr 'a,an e upon on beccra and 
 
 78. Sins a dot cannot be jcrynd, e-1 de comon wurda 
 run bj dots qr provided wid diiplicat ftrfma; i beig ritn 
 bj ;:', and de udyrg bj dafieg in convenyqnt direcfiona. cle 
 ilaiie^, hwen je-ynd to a presedig wurd, q,r y\i3d almost 
 ecschisivli for d^r, tu, hqr, a, hoo, fiud, de, fer, and, 
 respccti vli. 3e dafiea fer l de' aud 'be' must nev^r be ritn 
 ulon. 
 
7'J. tie d;ifi for 'de' ma be rltn upwordu in de 
 c;r de, (j-r de, at de, had de. woa de. hu>m <le. hwiq fie, 
 hwedt^r dr, and primps mlfjrz. 
 
 80. ^ 1-av bro-t : he' to de 2d p!as tu crp it mor distigt 
 from 'j.' wid hwkj j tjnd it seriusli tu conflict in report ig 
 t stimr ni, if ritn e 1 , a?, 't wo^ ftrrmq-li n'.n. Ftrr de sam 
 rt!?n, i hav o'so apropria'.ed to it d daK. and hav provided 
 lerr -him' a dif^nt form from 'me.' 
 
 81. In reportig testimnui, 'i-' 'he' 'him.' and 'hqr' ma 
 1'cjo'yiid in de pre Sfii^ ward, tie daH far 'him' mabeoo 
 atonal i stru'? uj>5 a^^se him. scr him. In slo and earful 
 I'itig. -him' ma beritu ai hcrtofor, m''. a>, its diiplicat fann. 
 
 82. clc foloirj q.r Huatrtafiona ov 'de fcmiiafion Ov frazee 
 bj jeryiii'Q de dalles: 
 
 > . A T 
 
 1 to de Ti'uil da.r 
 
 2 ov de (fyr fiud on to from a 
 
 3 but de but Hud and a 
 
 fn Ijo mailer ma be fcrnnd and de. fiud de, upon de, on 
 du, from de, for dr, j fiud. hai h'lid. how fiud. or da,r, on 
 da", broj dar. ferr dar. from dar, beooa dar. and dar. &s. 
 
 83. cT^r qr sum comon fraaea in hvnq 'j* di;<! not redili 
 jrryn. It nm be ritn horiaontol in de frfleea \ did 1 , i did 
 not, i da) 2 , i dm not. \ had d . j had not, de vt;rb gw .n.ii) 
 tie plas tU distiggwifi dem, and in 'sed \. ' It ina b^ iifi 
 p.;rpendicnlorli upward befor -f,' 'v, ( or -n.' a? i i-n, j 
 understand, j fjnd. 
 
 A';>(p AV?*-r.Tjr. itwar' <lui j -ym liv? If 1 at 8 horn* j-tuu nt 3^i- 
 '"r$fo in Iltnery. How Iwr) hav-yui luid a hom in Ilinr\* yr 
 ia iiiUnf ftud'a hc^f: 3 Diu i yui-ti<J i J Indi bp^J*: aaitt uv Bali 1 I- 
 
STKNOPUOFOGftjlPHIR. 7* 
 
 ,u:. Et'-woi-dt w[f ov Jacob Btili; nnd-; s<y-h}r but-a da trr-t-i 
 ago rmic-a.H aj>fl l tn-hiin tu-<ro-bac to liincry. To-hium vior.-St: 
 ..ft! yuisa yui stf-hqr mac? To Jacob Bali? No; it-woz 'o-i* 
 vug t'do hm tuc-c/iRJ ov-hqr and-hqr b.igaj from liinery to Nu'- 
 VITKC. XE cam htr 1 tu ? Bali, liiu-wo<s iu-dt: jal Ijiij i!; 1 buf- : .'- 
 <j< htri'i on :VJtmda. aud-Je cam on- ft foloig da. 
 
 'f. MT Munsn disccirde nerli ul OT dt vowel grauifilog-s, i'.i 
 frdtjr tu I* abl tu iutrodiis sum cjnvtnyynt abrevia/ous. ^ ht> 
 In 1 , reane for retauiij dein. 1. No coiivsnyijnt /wrtliand maitri il 
 /ud be discarded hwen a yus can bs fownd fwr it; and dotrf aurl 
 ^!ti/e: tir dt most couvtnyqnt posibl Jorthand material. 2. iV.- 
 nofjrafi ii< mad inor rcdili lejibi b t rediisiij& prOuiiaqna ov &.. ia[- 
 iior wurda ov a sent^ns. ds priiisipal ward* bi-ig dus rend^d rnor 
 i- ..i-jiicuus. 3. (Tl <fe advaiitaje^ ov d ful leijt fruu f:*r d 
 p -ir'Lclz can be ob'and bj alow it) dem sug fcfi'mz iu adi/os t^> d<sr 
 "; iinari reprezenta/on, a duplicat forma. 
 
 ! ndcjr ds nam ov ticii, however, MT Mnnsn yuaez dt du/es in 
 'in!>inajon. It iz onli hwen standii) alon dat hj ncglco^ dea ; 
 mid evn den hs hiifi sum coaipensa/on in beig ennbid tu Jo,* ft 
 h<if legt strat 8tcma mor frsli. [323329] 
 
 8. [95121.] ffc Sercl:. 
 
 84. Betwcu i\i curvg turnig in opozit direcS< na widow t. 
 an sggl, dest/cl fiud be plast widiude f' s curv, unles, in 
 <i compownd wurd o-r a fraa, it prop;_;r!i beluga to rte se-'- 
 ittul. cEus, in de ward* 'ofistji' and 'rnasn,' it iiud be ntr 
 "ii de ii^id ov de f;rst curv; hwjl in de fraac? 'if ngi' and 
 'raj sun,' it fiu<t be ritn orv de insjd ov de second curv. 
 
 85. Hwen u wurd contanz de consoi ants s-s n'i, 5* 
 f.^JBt s folog de rq,!; beig ritu bj a stroc onli hwen a vrwfl 
 preseda. '?es.' &s\ <(.r d^rfor ritn 58. 
 
74 RTBKOFHONOOBArHBB. 
 
 86. $ do> not yxia de inifial dubl sqrcl, ecseptig fsrr <s- 
 ed,' 'besefion,' 'sustan,' 'ustenans,' 'tosjeti,' and for 
 frazeograma, becore j prefer udr ferrmz. 
 
 y. 3is ferm for 'sosjeti' ma jenqrali be jwynd. If dE naw ov 
 ds sos|eti end? in -an, ritn wid a hue, de stroc /' /ud be snb 
 "tituted, tu averyd 
 
 87. Comens Tabl 1, paj 7, ag a rjtig ecafjrsjs, practisig 
 in de mod dascrjbd on pqj 41, last paragraf, eceeptig dat 
 eq wurd \z tu be ritn wuns onli at dis tim, aa sum ov dem 
 wil be furdgr abreviated heraft^r. For inatans: 
 
 <ta Rsp 1 KJ and ots. 
 
 nip 1 and tar up erl Rebel yuniformz. 
 
 Peqettw Rjp 1 in- At ferl. 8 
 
 3a qr wuRt ( JVo< ^.) tu Rupee 1 apes, 1 
 
 IP-da qr Ropi 1 da qr wurt les. 
 
 Rspa 2 bored muni sixi. 
 
 A Rop 2 ma -be cut. 
 
 3e Rap ov-d LOO iz a poem. 
 
 Rap 8 ou-ds dor <rr Riij de bel. 
 
 Note/on. [250260.] 
 
 'fi. MJ nota/on wil bg redili undqretud bj compari^i At 
 Eesqrsja on paj 228 ov ds Complst Fonograf^r wid df 
 i'z printed in mi nota/on. It wud be mor consin^n! tu olaiif] 
 k w y wid ds stroc consonants; but ds prinsipal por/oa ov raj 
 buc in hwig mj nota/on i* yuid, woz printed IPTJ brfur m| adop> 
 /on ov dr stroc tya. for h v> and y. 
 
 Hwotew^'r maha'--bin 
 fto'm hwi^ 3 ^-ha ec'ft/'acterf 1 doz Wur<fe, ;- 
 ese?i!fol mswin 3 is 3 ps^'SKterf hWe'n-i ap'i 1 item to-<?s- ! 
 cu'mz be/o'r 
 
ITKlfOFHONOORAFHER. 7f 
 
 fi. 3* nota/on yued bj M-r Munsn rcaerablz mj on in "it, 
 must important^ fetitrs; and At labor OT Iqrnig it wil bs amph Tt 
 pud hj AE sujesMjonz oontand in <k TabU ov dt O F-. 
 
 [284285.] Cow-; -ijr, *r mp: Jr. 
 
 88. CI prefics presedig com- ma be ritn ineted pv de 
 dafi, and in its pla-s tu represent bofe; a&, 
 
 Inconstant, recomend, decompoa, discompoz, nnrecompenst. 
 
 /. i dm not apruiv ov rjtig tu wurds in procsimiti tu repre- 
 ient At omi/on ov com-, sins procsimiti reprezents As omijon or 
 ; /> OT to $e. (Se Lesn 20.) 
 
 89. It wil be wsl tu redi;s de yns ov d strocs ferr vr, 
 lr, and mp, aa muq aa posibl, in erd^r dat da_r ma be let 
 danj-r nv intqrfer^ns wid dar yiis fer w, i/, and h. It wil 
 be fownd, however, dat d^r iz but litl practical int^rfer^n* 
 betwei. // and y, and betwen mp and h. Q spefial lesn wil 
 foe devoted to dea caracte,ra. (Lesn 23.) 
 
 JTe mp stroo ma olso be yn,ad ocasonali fcrr n6. (?) 
 
 LESS 10. [279282] Logogram: &n 
 
 91. < )mit 'cum,' -togedgr,' 'f^rat,' and, for de prez<ju, 
 wurd<; ritn wid lr and mp. Ad de foloin: 
 
 d 2 did c~ can c ;i cum 
 
 92. In lr reportij de foloitj adifionol gramalogg ma b* 
 
76 BTKNOFHONOOBAPHKR. 
 
 p' plantif d ! defendant n 2 recolect 
 p" pqrt. pq,rti, patent c 3 cownscl 
 
 Ii;iiy Ecsertiz. Hwurdui-yiu reajd? -f re;d in Misiuri. DI; 
 yuifoln eni -hi^-ncj? i'-ani a-ltryi;r. err- wo* a-lflry^r a-mant agv. 
 i'-am-in-a dif ,rqnt bknes now, <f ; --/ul-b sun. i-ja!-b a juj iu- < 
 da <T;-'.U. Dm yw piv eni 1 tjm to eni -tig cl.s? It-ia yuju.al ferr 
 <np. tu n* and sel ocun, cow?, c ;v?.. and-i f'-i 1 Jsp; and-j rjl for-- 
 muntli niiipa^m it'-j de^i lu-priv inj VHI on eni subject. Dm yv. 
 noenitiy ov & [m-3 laijgwaj? (Cowmel.) f-suj-oa j-jud-sa litr 
 i^b or no rten ferr sag an iiicwjii and-j objec 1 to-it. If-yui-wil 
 salisfj rat or its btirj rjt, ym ma asc it. 
 
 LESA* II. ffe W^Seriz oe^Di/Toyf. 
 
 93. 'Hwjl' iz ritn wj-; se paj 3. 
 
 94. 5 cffl 5e litl semisijrel yi\zd for flc difbog^ u cu- v.j 
 iafi, becg>i it ia ov de sam leijb, mesurd djamftricali, . :t:-,d 
 resevE similar tretnipnt in fra^eografi. 
 
 '"''. MT Munsn dieccirda Af. v and y smz ov difttryz, a:;.' 
 [n;r/oli supljz dar plase? bi Iqvj ini/il hues, f regard flis n- ;ui 
 dpro^ to d pisteiu ov ;-f prezcntir) ds vowel? bj dn/cz hwiq bn-ui;i 
 pq.it (iv de owtljn ov de ward; de objec/on to Lwiq ie dat df uv c' 
 'nnnot be oiuitod widowt matsriali (janjig df aptrans ov dt; wurd. 
 dar qr nicni commi wurd a hwiq diu not recwjr df t<: 0v y in oni 
 t'enn, and hwig /ud not be cumbqrd wid it; and for au^ wurd-> i 
 tiijc it important dat At w and ;/ st'ria Jud be yuad in vcicolpn- 
 lofi: a? wil, hwar, wurd, wuri'. On At ud-r hand, in nieni 
 ..-asea dt hue wil sav voc iljea/on, and wil fu;ni/ At brrfet f<rnu- 
 Hut utfjrli difC ;rdiy dt curv da|e. bot standiij alon and in com- 
 bjna/ou, srniz to ms a szrias Itrs. (Se paj 73, not -y'.) 
 
 y. <Iur i/. u cwolil'jd ji^rmijou tu yn? d? difiona sparinli, [i.'44j! 
 431,] and ol^o tu yt^ Jfe curvdaj" gimpli fwr' c-. (Sc I-f^n 25.) 
 
TXOrnO.S06BAPHER. 
 
 li. if* Y Sfriz or Diftvya. 
 
 V5. Uuiit 'da hav, 1 and *da.r hat.' Rjt 'beyond' in 
 second plas 
 
 96. In practisig upon pajea 14 and 16, it wil be we 
 dis tjm tu omit al wunli eontanig w, t/i er A, and 
 apropriated to vr. 
 
 LESN 13. [138155.] ok L Hue. 
 
 '~ . !' rjt dc / hue smal upon de curv strocs ! f' 'v' 'fa' 
 d.' and olso upon 'fi' '5', liwiq j rjt invariablj upward- 
 l"|:oi' fl h'iriRontal curvz, m,' 'n,' '9,' -h,' and upon 'y,' j 
 rjr dr hue' Icvrj. S, z, downward r, and ii', can not resev an 
 iiiifiui hui- aa decaractejrz dus mad qr aprop 1 iated to 'br,' 
 dr.' />. and t-r. Q smerl iniEal hue to I macs it lr. 
 
 '.<*. Dm it -cabolic.' It ma aa wel be ritn 'cb,' hwiq 
 h - !r \MvuTitaj ov beig de comensmqnt ov dc wurd. 
 
 14. [141169.] tic R Hue. 
 
 9'i. I', ha? bin de practis tu rjt Rtr widowl a definit - 
 X ; l)ftwcn de H and de hue. 3is \t not advjaabl in slo 
 mid earful rjtig. 
 
 l(X). It 13 les cocvpijy^nt tu plas de hue on de bac ov a 
 urv; hens de fonografs 'f* 'v' 'b' 'd,' q,r rev^rst hwen de r 
 hue i? apljd. de caractiji-g dus formd not bcig neded for rr, 
 u-' . .- . dnri ;>. hMri<j qr not ritn wid de r hue 
 
78 
 
 101. Omit [1657] ferr de prez^nt (Se Lean 24. ) 
 
 gy. ft iz an iregulnriti tu turn ove,r ds stroc / in fermin fr. 
 bat it iz Olso an iregulariti tu turn ds r hue to 4s left; and oldo 
 de fflrrmtjf iz m'or conspicuus to At j, ds lat^r semz to me evn a 
 grater evl in practis, inaamut) az it afects de direc/on ov de fqrtt 
 mo/on ov de hand in rjtig a wurd. 3is iucousist ;nsi wil olso mac 
 itself vizibl to dt [ in japid rjtig; far if we rjt pi cwicli, dar i^ a 
 tend ;nsi tu curv ds p, and den <k c wesson wil arjz, n t hwed^r i* 
 ie pi vi Jl, but hwedqr it iz pi er fr. 
 
 3c sam objec/onz aplj to At nu sistem introdust in ds lit sdi- 
 fon ov faac Pitman'a Manual, hwiq givz g caractqr hot fcrrmz, 
 ite smerl hue beig yud fr r, and At Iqrj hue ferr /. 3.is iz a 
 combiiia/ou ov dg tu eistcmz, and haz d advantaj ov alowirj di 
 *elec/on ov At most coimnyi;nt form in eg ca. 
 
 3$ sistem ov E 1 F' Und^rhil obviats bot inconsiatnsiz. H 
 rUs dE hue on ds bac ov de stroc, but rjts it ax a tic. <Lt teorcti. 
 col objec/oii to dis iz, not onli dat it substitu's a tic ferr a hue, 
 but dat it int^rfgrz wid df yus ov dt tic far daf wurdz in frazso- 
 jjrafi. 3is iutqrfsr^ns ma not bs impen-tant; and j tiyc it mit be 
 obviated bj goiij bac to perfect consist^nsi, bj ritig (K. hue 011 dt 
 bac ov As, curv, az in 'yui-hav, 1 'WE-SB.' 
 
 But perfect consistqnsi betwen de strat Ijnz and de curve, j con-' 
 sty tu be impracticabl, lu ord^r tu atan it, it wud not ouli be 
 nesesari tu qanj owr practis wid regqrd to de ini/al and fjnol 
 hues, but olso wid regqrd to <k sqrclz and luips, ini/al and f[nal. 
 MT Munsn msrli apljz to de ini/al hues ds earn distin/on dat has 
 olwaz bin mad wid el At ud^r apendajez, regqrdip At smerl hue 
 upon dt insjd ov de curv az corespondiij to de rjt hue, ini/al <rr l[- 
 nal, upon de strat l[n. 
 
 An egzamina/on ov At qanjez hwic, wud be rtndqrd neeeiari bj 
 de adop/ou ov ed^r or de nu planz, hac led me to de concliyon daf 
 de practical advantajcz qf probabli in favor ov de sistem ov re- 
 ijrgifl de fonografs f hwtQ has bin de ynniv^rsal practis lot *a 
 
TIHOPHOHOOmArKIB. *' 
 
 i ycre. notwidstandig d inconsistqnsi conected wid it. 
 
 <jh. It hai bin At practis tu rjt mr and iir hevi, tu diathjgwij 
 deru from ml and /, hwic, w s r ritn ^frii <te smo-1 hue; but hj 
 tuloptig de Iqrj iui/al hue dis iregulariti can be aveydcd ni^owf 
 ia:itriali qanjig de fermz. 
 
 yi. 3t caractqrz f<rr >/; and .^/ ma be apropriatcd to /;>// and 
 yijt, and yuzd olso for ycr and ^c/. 
 
 LESNtt. [176178.] 3t N Hue. 
 
 102. c[ final hues ma be aded to de stroca ttfr w, y } 
 and A. (8e Lean 23.) 
 
 >th. MT Undqrhil, ferr de sac ov consist^nsi, rjts de htic on d 
 bsc ov de carve, bj a tic, if nesesari tu mac it a rjt hue, az in /ft, 
 tf, and nn. (Se Hot yy.) He erlso rjts d e-;rcl ftrr s on t4r,r ]<! 
 ov de stnt stroo. rjtia da sqrcl widin de hue ferr *tr, tns, fyy. 
 
 LESN16. [170187.] 3t Son *nd f Htttt. 
 
 103. 3e leg naro hue upon de curvz, [175,] inifial er 
 'fjnal, fiud onli b y^ed in doa cases hwqr it ma be rttc 
 lq,rj in reportig widowt imp^rig lejibiKti; sotfat in 
 vie Iqrj hue ma be yund bj, Ijsgns. 
 
 : . izoo Pitman alowa dt /on hue tu bs ritn on tAqi 8^d ov a 
 ttrat stroc. t dm not tine de advantaj in dc selec/ou ov ds mM 
 coavenyqBt form sufifcnt tu oempeniat ferr de -wast or /0>rthand 
 material. 
 
39 tTlWOl'HOXOGKAPHBR. 
 
 LESNll. [212235.] Hqf L ;,t Sir,.. <. 
 
 104. Comen-berd p'a* incljnd and perpendicular -tc i 
 u litl abuv de Ijn, so dat ti| t^rdz ov de s^em R! fim l'- 
 
 ' ia it. 
 
 105. Q ful legb t 12 betqr for wurd? endi^ in -iti dn 
 rcsepfionali hqvig de last item. 
 
 106. 3e n\\z ov lesa 5 aplj olso to de stem-' hweri wirt 
 apendajea, and hwen hq,vd. 
 
 107. Ecstend de practis recomended in j87 .> ' nl <\r ra- 
 blz, prior to Lesn 9; studiig olso de nots in smerl tjp and 
 practisig upon de ilustrafiona. Practis in Ijc man p upon 
 da foloig rjtig ecs^rsja, hwiq consists tjefli ov wur^ix fpr 
 hwiq j now recomend dift^rgnt ferrms from do' sujestcd in 
 Pq,rt 1, wurda not fuli in de notaEon, and wur<l^. 'mitf .i 
 from dar proper plasea in de tablz err ilus'ranonz. 
 
 E'-s'rsit. CaterfaaZ. Ler, i.ower, REit^Bai, w.i\.<iit. n -d.,/. 
 
 J, C/QRSH, c/aRion, hwedqr 5 . cuiu^r, caniq'', narsi i;;. af:v, 
 naraybn, scownrfRe/, jevi^ral, it^Raf 2 , owtRJi 3 , IUKC/-, tiRftd 1 . de- 
 RJd 2 , toRid 8 , tqRdi 3 , teRifi 2 , dcxiv'- 2 , taRif 3 , tuKci, dan-, pjp r\ pt- 
 p^r a , pep^r 2 , patedc, apatetic, truli 1 , ut^rli' 2 , jiny.i/, mn-y frr- 
 Ta/, Recwjr, seRemoni. 
 
 y. It ha bin customari tu rj^t r I m n h if lent t . H..1 / .jnli. 
 macirj dem hevi tu ad rf, dus eoscl'idig de co.tipji.difj hevi 
 caract ; r from bsig mad htif lent. Hwjl cloz cisract jr reprf- 
 zented ';/ /r mp and /;, dis ma hiv bia a gau in ivdi le ibiliti. 
 * am couTinst flat ds trs ferm^r caraetjr, now repr^vciuig /^ n- 
 r^nd w, Jud no Itrng^r bs ecsepted fiom dc Jen r .1 r.J: :md Ae 
 hdf lejt y wil bi provided for in Lesn 31. 
 
LESN 18. [192310.} 3t Lvtpa, 4*- 
 
 IU8. $ hav sucfcded in rednslg de y^s ov de clips $- 
 V) u Bistem, restorig its 7x41 for sf and sfr, hwiq i hav iv- 
 Vi;r iu pr&ctig enijrli ubandond. fTc significans ov d for 1 
 dif^rqnt direcfionz wil be ecsp'and in Lesn 34. 3e foloij 
 Uet ov gramcilogz ise'ecttd, meni yere Q^O, ?o as tu roa /v , 
 & fqr aa posibl, dc direcfion ov de separat lu)i> coresponi 
 wid its dsrei.-fioa in de wurd hwiq it repieaeri'3. f dcu Mnt 
 cuusid.jr de Ibt and 3d plas gramolog^ hwij j farmtirli ssjnd 
 ;> <le Iqr) elipaea, ov stififi^nt va ^ tu be repeted. Olfto 
 d!s y.^s ov 4e elipsea w inconsistent widda tu be beruft-;r 
 Copland, and j, wud not recomend it Lu be l^rnd a*; pre- 
 ^nt. stil j doo not {)ige d^r wil be eni material conflict br- 
 twen de tn- 
 
 dis ; igcfion est interest 
 
 2 intestigat te>timoni f^r^t dem stic 
 
 3 testament consat^^ni 
 
 Lqrj Lwpt. 
 'i remonetrons az it w^r est^r &dministracir 
 
 1: it a. litl remqr(Xibl dat hvrjl j hav contimid m y*u <rl but 
 wun ov de {jramilogz orijinali a[nd to d* smef) clips, dar qr h' 
 lU ov de hrj elipsee hwitj j luiv fownd lafifcmii yusful tu cep w 
 fdrnilyar wid item. 
 
 'F^rst' ma be ritn f 8 , <rr fst 3 , tu coreipond wid dt fwrm 
 it tao* in fraaee. 
 
eS flfklruPBONOORArH- K. 
 
 109. Rjt fie dubl lejb t-tro a iu de plas ov ti; ni^gl le$f> 
 'alrocs. Hie HI' ia de most conve y-jnt ferr dr hand, *<! 
 Jle most eail; re;j;enibgrd. (Se Lean 26.) 
 
 110. Ecstend de prac'is upon de ! ahlg, and Btudi OT <ff 
 no 3, to de r. mandqr ov L'qrt 1, W'd de omifion snjested 
 in 96. Revii de tabl ov de Dis igofion ov Plaa until ! dp 
 imperr ant w rdz (vr fturoli lrnd. Hercift-^r el de egzamp- 
 i?,, iists ov wurdz, and tab 2, hwrq ma be prezented, Bud 
 resev de sam studi and j>r?.c is. I wil be wel tu TO\\\ 
 dez ecs^rsj^esj afttjr de laps ov at lest a wee, and tu copi In- 
 to a smo'l * ! UC, in fone ic log-hand, evyri vurd hwi<j ha* 
 bin forgotn in dc interim. QfUjr de laps ov at Ie-t anud;r 
 vcec, comens revn.ii) from dis hue, agen copiiij sn<; *'urd?. 
 aa d(o not aper tu IIHV bin yet fcuroli l^nid. 3is practis 
 ma be continii* in conjugcfion wid ni| lo r.^.. tit juirrmio^- 
 
 wurd?. and fraaea ( rom difijr^nt lis s rend-rig it mt> t 
 da: da wil final! be Igrnd indcpendgn li ov <la~ -'lQ--- 
 iftcafion. 
 
 LESN 19. [263-270, 283-285.] frefiwt */r ^/if. - 
 
 111. Ct wurd jerynd to anud^r ritn wid an afics, tivd b 
 joynd to de afics, radqr dan to de pre>edig {orfion ov 4* 
 wurd. 
 
 la. Sercum' ma bs ritn bj a prsficat , tacig ds pla uv 4s i/ 
 for cow-: a?, a$rcumtans, i^rcuiuf^r^ns, sgrcumspx;t, ^ .rcnin- 
 liaviga/on, gijrcumlocujon, *s r c um cr ib, qrcuinvent. 
 
 kk. 3.t tqrminajon wardmtL be ritn We/; hwiq prcnqrv* 4* iW 
 frra ov dis tsrmiaa/on, reprezentiy rd: az, 
 
Upward, downwu'', toward, forward, owtward, i 
 , afterward, wawurd, nertward, sowtward. 
 
 16. 3t nil* frr dg forma/on ov 4s post ten?, givn hi M 
 Miinsn. qr jcnqruli aplicubl, and hav ds sagcfou ov IOTJ ecipEr 
 ;n. In dt; fu cnicz hwar a disjerynd rf it mor couvsny^nt 
 '/ ma yuji^ :li hs omited ia rcportig: ae, ofended, confowoded . 
 reprezented, subtracted, dated, recolected. {293.] 
 
 20. [34S.] Of <*', eo ?c. 
 
 112. 3e f^a^e^ ; ov de' and 'to de' fiud not he ecsprest 
 bj omifion in d<:>3 oascz in hwiq de seco' d ward recw \n de 
 'iistigcfion ov p'as tu identify it, m-r in hwiq de wurrfa <xr 
 noc iniimatli conected. In --um rasea an adifional coriso- 
 uatit ma bf- nded tu idenuf-j de second wurd; an pqrt ov 
 
 Ic in:.i caset de ambigniti recwjrig de disti^cfion OT 
 pldti 12 :c:a.ovd bj de fernnallon ov de fraa, aa de second 
 wurd must be wun dat can folo 'ov de,' and ia yttgnali a 
 nown. 
 
 fr. Hwcn 00 ocure widowt de articl A iinsdiatli foloin, it Jud 
 bi: ii:n sd-^r b| A; dJ ar <lr/-huc. 4 cousid-jr de restfie/ou OT At 
 oini/on tci 9.-> <ilon, recwjrig de fui rjt"m ov fa. frae o^ tfe, a Itrs 
 f>r r i i hrcviti nd in lejibiliti. 
 
 I, ESN 21. [271-4, 286 2$7] Omifonz. 
 
 113. 3e best mod OT coatiacfion bj omifion i tu omit 
 tie lat*jr pq^t or Q wuid. 
 
$4 TC'IOPBOKOOIUPHIB. 
 
 Egzamvlz. Unfiert'inst, infrircw^nt, unfadiomabl, Be/i;,:cw;j.- 
 ;ria!-ip'. j -nitjral, discriiminR/oii, cioiv.it ferr-idr-piivpDs ov, ierr-ty 
 bleru'fit ov, pri !ilej. p^'-'efct. pq^'erirrn. cfum, giiv, d:if^r<jni, tiiy., 
 car;?ictjr, Sffrivlir, i.i^ivi ; :u 1. es-p'e/ Ji ncpilect, cog'.niaans, ne- 
 ig'n^Jon, p'i'imii'iari, rtlgimatje, fi'awitvopi, foniografi, g'iorius, 
 tc*tn:<r. '!i in i, pop: i.lr.r. pub lie, destteU, subitUi'U, comqri/al,- 
 <'cs>j'.mij, cc* j:rat. jtogirafi. puginasiti, popqriti,- 
 inipl. pr:actis, p trtiic^lar. opor/iuniti. 
 r, henij:(n nt. benev(ol<jnt, x;ah(iuet, def(rrm, deri:- 
 (ocrat, dn(omi ia/on. disg( rj. ccstiv.r^igant, prob(-ibl, reg(ular 
 ;eliij(cif, repub(lic, repu(n .ut, reicm'bl, reaur(ecjon, sev(r ; ral, 
 sujfest, tab^r(n cl, dei<j(nnt, est(abli/, A(l\, c(an, malig(nant. 
 c*t(olic, deliajfcwqnt, t(jm. 
 
 114. Q hue n a often ba oinited, tu be suplid in vo -- 
 ciliaSn; dat iz. c;mited in rj ig de sceleton ov dc wurd 
 rtnd subs 'cwcnt'i aded ier increst lejibilili iii slo and cqrful 
 fj ig if bet deairabl. 
 
 Egzamplz. TranSrajgraJon. transmit, transmut, fffnnqr. Jal-htr. 
 bin, asjnuiqnt, ajurnmqnt, aperyntmqnt, spendtrift. rc-'Musil. ir.ai!- 
 Hcript, pnjtjntri pcdantii, j'Tynt-stoc, iavoluntsri. deinonstra/o:.,- 
 reflecjon, landholder, iudiscrimiuat, transpee. transic/o:i. (S- 
 .jL<" 41, not v.) 
 
 In snm <Jaoa tii hues ma dxis be omited at de aam aj^rl. 
 * nn fr(>m de presedig and de ud^r from de foloig stroc. 
 
 Byzamph. Transcr^b, transgres, transv^rs, t vanjelist, Und- 
 
 Id. $ ad a fu furd^r ilustra/oiiK ov di omijona ov cononcii' 
 >n At ferrmz fcrr wurdz and fraaee, sujte<l \-\ P^rt 1: 
 
 jSl. Postscript, ccrabustibl, tastful, festival, restles, 
 ia!ptur. 
 
TMOFHOXOOB4M!nt. S 
 
 >b3. Develop, dootria, rEJen,ra/on, sitwn, oapabl, paiwj; . 
 
 <*nj 
 
 '59. 
 
 LESN 22. [261-^. 275-7.] Distlyrfon ov 
 
 115. It ia wun ov de most important fetifa ov fono- 
 grafi, dat it provjda d^plicat, and snm'im? manifold forma 
 for rjtig dc .-am consonants, dus t-nablig de j qr tu mac 
 disti^cfiong ov form hptwen nurda hwig wud ud^r\v|a b 
 ritn a'jc. It ig a bet-jr mod ov distiggwifiig suq wurda 
 t'rom eq ud^r dan de distigcfion ov p as, beig mor ezili and 
 *;.rtanli oba^rvd in rjtig, and fqr mor cons' i I|,UB in red-g. 
 ilr. n]l w i olredi lad down wl jen^rali indicat de pmp^r fo - rm 
 ai be selected; bu f sumtima it iz nesesari qrbitrarili tu se- 
 K-ct difijrtjnt forma for dif^r^nt ward?. 
 
 116. 3e foloig tabl compi-j^ea dc p'-insipal wurda hwiq 
 nr distiggwifit from eq ud^r Kj a difijr^ns ov form not re- 
 -,:wjr.J bj de ni'a, togedjr wid ilustraGona ov de distigcfion 
 v fu-rm recwjrd bj de r^lz. Wurda separated bj coma? 
 qr ritn wid de sam owtljn. 
 
 DISTIJJCZON OF 
 
 pU/*jnf;-paEons< briti, brjdlj-brufal, brjdal 
 
 fnuK, opgra;- pur, par boRo, beri^bar, bor 
 
prop Rti,-p'(.])-,'eti;-apropria< burd;-pqud, puritan 
 prep Rn/b/'i-npn: pri8/3>;-propGr/J>n Twj-t 
 pro ; crfm ;, ropoRjonaf trHto>';-trart' 
 
 proJec -<;-p Rjcc'-.t (Tqtai 
 
 prcwpr <( ; '";-p(iwpecfU' lra'/;-*urn^;-^Ran^ torqnt 
 
 pnR-u<j' ; -oprcror De'njo;-a'!nLa/b 
 
 prt^ d ' , prestx} p"o?d;-pani.fjd (\tR\50n:-t\'jrpfm 
 pqrLR; -^i.-nlj-pqR/, aparel ^di^or, <.ditO' s ;-f' e tor l 
 op /;/;/;, op:ejoijj-p^ r/f;-PaRijo de.?o! / 
 palid . admiais^rt^ 
 
 iiiH^-v, dainn>i/'n;-diminu/'" l ; 
 admoni/o 
 
 i'i*, scwoJ:ti;-giLti;-cowt diviae/'^'j-de/'iui/) 
 
 t-'c/', God'';-}I d 
 go r i en ; g nd i . w 
 
 Fjtc.il;-fizic i/ ;do/atms:-dc et Riu-v;- 
 
 fe'lsiti;-? i.viti 8<JtUa4i;- 
 
 frma' ;-f;iuiii>i .nLv 
 
 fe5o : f;-viL^w:-fi'ii:tropist SutuR 'a;- 
 
 ferj;-f -Riusi-FaRise ti^ 
 
 f^rm, franij-ferrm, f ^rm;-fosuni estqrwi- 
 
 b/ spirit 1 , spred 2 ; 
 
 /"on 1 , voli/on *ta 
 
 Re'/;-RJt, red;-arjt Men;-Wime;-meni 
 
 r, ci:dor;-errd;r, 
 
com'oiiwe't;-iiff/'t;"s 
 unhei.ti 
 
 tiff, 1 left, 2 luvd;-Leviti, elevatj-altTiat 
 tfd, 1 lnd, ! led, 2 old, 2 lad, 3 lowd d ;- 
 r , ladi 3 , alowd 8 
 
 / i. i de/"i-.!$t;-un'<'ef;;/^:-iu fiii 
 
 amiah/i-Humb' 
 er, mazesj-mii'is, i^isus ia.dioajon- t ~ladvi^/oa 
 
 LESN 23. c7; 
 
 f 
 
 \ 17. Strocs for ?, y, and fe, qrmoit y\is r ul f<.r 
 i.ams and uncomon wu-da; but d^r ^r sura comoii 
 ?<fr hwiqda ma be yi^d; and dea wll be fo-.vnd in 3e 
 .ist, hwiq compri-tea, aa fq,r as j, hav bin abl -.u fcolec' 
 ^e prinsi^al wurdg tu be ritn wid de sirocs: 
 
 J 
 3 
 
 hwj, wm 
 evqr, evqri. wo, wa 
 awa 
 
 itapnav, hj, hi; 
 iirp<rrtant, ha, hx 
 bo, ahc; 
 
 peculyor, 3 
 elrc-li, ya 
 Icirj, doltir 
 
 l 
 
 VJ 
 
 3 
 
 wjd, wud, hwjt- 
 wat, wet, wad, we*l 
 awat, wot 
 
 h[t, hjd, hid, hit, 
 hat, tied, hut 
 ahed. hat, hot 
 
 htd 
 
 yot 
 
 1 
 
 wuia, hwj it 
 wjz, wae, Wo* 
 
 his, huz 
 impox. Han, hoe 
 imposibl, how 
 
 ru- 
 
 1 
 '2 
 
 wist, hwj it it 
 waat, west 
 
 hjeat, hist, he-yst 
 impost, hast, hctt 
 howzd 
 
 ^ . 
 
1 win, win, wen 
 
 impqn 
 
 f wan, wen 
 
 ben, hon 
 
 ,1 won 
 
 
 I wlnl, wjnd, wmnd 
 
 hint, hind 
 
 ? went, wo unto 
 
 hand, hunt 
 
 3 warnt, wownd, wond 
 
 bunt, hownd 
 
 ywr 
 
 yond 
 
 Wtp, wjp, wepn, web, wedig, wedloc. woe;, wee, weciief, wk, 
 A iced, wac, woe, awac, awoc, wig, Hwig, wag. wagon, wjt, wn- 
 fijr, wetqr, wave,r, \veAe,r, wisp, wosp, wiz'dom, hwisc, hwisoi,- 
 wiaard, hwisl, wjr, wtri, wuri, waward, worant, woran'i, wrl, 
 wilo, wala, wul, wulen, Waland, wimen, wuman. hwin wi id , - 
 Wengda, wia;r, swa. swep, swuip. iwap, k Swtd, wul, Swi-,- 
 swel, swolo, swel^r, swim, swjn 1 , swtun 1 , swan 2 , Mwon 1 , ^wiij,- 
 ralwa, $owa, Ohj, wacs, wagqri, swar, swor. wiAjr, hwidtir.- 
 wgld, wjl. wilt, wjld, sword, sworn, wenj, wins, ^aij. ejwi-,~ 
 
 Yoc, yestqrla, ojrqr, yor, yaro, yard, yam, yoman, y: 
 yqrn, yon'lsr, yunec, yanuc, J'agcs, bcryont. 
 
 Hjbrid, hobl, ffti, hatred, hjdrant, hig, ha$, hcj, hjjei:;, K .e,- 
 hac, h<rc, hag, hog, hngarfl, hagl, heftjr, hovel, het. has-n, hn^Qj- 
 He/an, liari. hoari, hord, haras, harag, hjli 1 , hil, htl : , hal-. hel*, 
 holi 2 , hoi, holo 1 , hwl 8 , hum. ham, huni, hiaj, heiw, hn, hm,- 
 hjwa, an[hilat, bshjnd. hsp, hip, hop, Hsbru, htt. huit, hud,- 
 huj, Hejira, hicori, hacni, h' gihe<l, huf, hevi, hevi<jr, hsden,- 
 kotbed, hotliows, haroc, hueq, h[r, hi^r, hero, hrroic, btroin,- 
 hqrp, horid, horor, hurican, hqrm, hermit, h^rn. liilt, hemp,- 
 hump- humbl, h^militi, homaj, hamoc, haragr, hiin^, hvmg<jr, ab- 
 h<rr, abhor^ns, adhgr, cohrr, iuhsr, behed, bthuif, bthmv, bfhir r 
 JtMuvu, iaiml, bo-yhu'l, q^ldhud, manhud. 
 
 118. In rjti^ de foloig wurda, de w y and k Hu<i b 
 wmited, bgi^ ritn bide dot or dafi in 
 
Ward, ware, wurt, wel, fetwjr, incwjr, incwiri, scW^r, scWjr,- 
 etcwjr, recweit, widiu, widowt,,,bj?rurd, wurdi, war, awar, wil.- 
 fiwar, hwarag, hwedqr, ware, \v"ujt, bewar, w<rrru, wwrn. cwjt^- 
 elecwat, acwiea, tcwiesqns, swift, dwvi'f, Jwtjrlwiud, twelv. 
 
 Yes, j-mt, yuj, Yurcp, yunit, yunjt, junited. 
 
 Hop, hapi, hapines, hapn, liipocrit, li|potetiii, habit, lialntafon, 
 had, hiiv, hat, hqf, histdri, heaitat, htr, h^rd, help, humbug, hq- 
 m in, perhaps, behav, behavyor, hevn, hitfqr, hi<lqfto, hqrf, hotfl, 
 hir'i, hqrd, hcirdi, hqrc, ii^rcfi, hoi, holi, behqf. haa, helt. 
 
 I-.'. A list ov wurde ritn wM de w hue wil bs givn in dt nect 
 .lean, xad udqrz iu dt lesn foleig. 
 
 //I 3e foloig wurdz ma be ritn wid At. r'r stroc: 
 Evqr, ev^ri, disev^r, destvqr, covqr, discover, favor, Sayior,- 
 fivijr, /avqr, Juv^r, morov^r, nev^r, hwotevqr, hwotsoev<jr. hov>- 
 ^v^r, howsoever, fwrevqr, hmevqr, hmsraev^r, hware'. qr, hwjtr- 
 oevqr, hwenevqr, slavqri, p^rsever. 
 
 3t foloiq wurdz ma bs ritn wid dt / hue: 
 Trovqr, drjv^r, dror^r, djvqr. 
 r.'In At, foloig wurda dt r hnc mfl bs riin: 
 '' Wtvqr, 1 ovgr, 2 wavqr, a a-v^r, 3 Itovqr, 8 bsvqr, be!>BTVor, brirr^r, 
 pre'jrvqr, obzqrvqr, cwivqr, dtv^r, cloy^r, clever, givqr, ftr^r,- 
 avor, seTqr, riv^r, levqr, luvqr, bravqri, V^IQU, jvori. 
 
 SB downward r ma be yu'J ter 'stver' and 'r stv^r;' and dt up 
 ward R fr 'sovran,' tu disting-wij it from 'swan.' 
 
 If. 3e Jr stroc ma bs yuzd in de foloig warde: 
 OTredi. pilar, polar, peculyar, p^rpendicUar, b<rylqr, tilqr, talor, 
 tel^r, tabular, tubular, dtlqr, dwelqr, dulqr, d^lar, stelar, July, 
 jocular, culor, colar. ocular, globular, salor, olar., imilar,Jiec- 
 ^lor, lelvUar, ftl^r, Talor, rtilqr, rol^r, oracujar, Ic^rj, 
 
90 trmXOPHOWOORAPHl*. 
 
 lor, aniilar, Iqrn, lun;, Qndl<jr, propel^r, Brnwl^r, carolri, impl<. 
 selar, gel^r, pedlqr, brwlqr, torl^r, tatl^r, jueljr, nalqr, ttrel^r. 
 
 3s Lr caractqr ma be yiud in de foloig wurde: 
 
 Familyar, lord, Iqrd^r, lure, Iqrva. 
 
 u indtcats a wurd derjrd from wvm wid a fjnal vowel; M, 
 
 Folo^r, holier, dedliqr, joliqr. melo^r, homier, loy. 
 
 fh. 3s mp stroc ma bs yuz^ in de foloig wurdz: 
 
 Important, impnnv, imposibl. impertinent, impius, impot, m- 
 pjeti, imput, imped, impudent, import, import, impasir, irapo*- 
 (V, impafibl, irnpar, empower, impuR. empjr, impf;. impel, im- 
 poll, impost, impun, impuniti, pump, plump, bump, tempera^iu, 
 temper, tamper, temp^rans, trumpet, trampl, damp, dnmplig, 
 Campion, jump, camp, cramp, clamp, compromje. campau, eg- 
 ompl, tump, stamp, simpl, sampl, Jampan, limp, limpid, lump, 
 bunp, imperial. 
 
 Ha be, ambiguus, ambig^iti, ambi/us. ambi/oo, cinbe>.l. 
 
 Sum ov de abuv wardz ma be ritn \>\ ds mp hue. (Lew '2t.) 
 
 3s ward 'ampl' ma be ritn wid dt I hue, tu distiggwi/ from hi, 
 hwig reprczents several wurdz. 
 
 Ecstrtit. No mel, no mil. Luv me, luv mj <log. Ctp 
 4j {op, and AI /op wil cepde. Muni macs At mar go. Az yiu so, 
 16 Jal yui rep. Buti d[z cwicli. Emti yesek mac dt must ncrye. 
 Notiq cum? owt or de sac but hwot woz put in it. 3.t nam ov dt 
 wiced /al rot. Mac a vtjrgu. ov nesesiti. Enitirj tor a cwjet Ijf. 
 ETqri dog haz-liii da: ev^ri Jac hae hia Jil. Giv a dog an U 
 nam and hag him. Giv a rog rop enuf nd hg wil hag himself. 
 Horn it hom, do it be ev^r so liomli. Ci-ig goz bj favor. 
 
 119. It it dezirabl flat de itiidgnt fiud now l$rn tu 
 wUtdrtr hiz atenfion from de caractera he i^ fcrrmig. and 
 at end mor to.de laggwaj and jdea?.: for oldo it i? absoli;tl< 
 Mual in l^ruirj fonografi, tu noti dc sliest mofion *r 
 
ITBHOPHONOGBArHIk. 9) 
 
 4a pensil or At pen, yet fonografi can nevqr be se,rvisabl 
 Hwjl it recwirc dat atenfion. wud recomend de foloij 
 modz ov practis. tu be simultaneusli folod, evqribir) dat ia 
 ritn in ed^r mod tu be invariabli red ovqr c^rfuli on a 
 ubsecwtjnt da. [383392.] 
 
 1. Rjt from a redejr err slo public spee^r, yii?ig &~]er. 
 il, and rjtig rapidli, but not cqrlesli. .-. 
 
 2. Procur a blanc buc, and copi into it dali, iiq,f Q 
 paj, selected wid c^r, err, bet$rstil ; condens into hq,f*a paJ 
 tte substans ov a Icrgggrcirticl, err, best ov erl, rjt an orijin- 
 al esa ov dat legb, rjtig sloli and c^rfuli wid a fierrt-nibd 
 pen 
 
 LESNU. [185-7, 18&-191.] Vitr HUM. 
 
 120. At de end or Pqrt 2 wil be fownd an engravd paj 
 ov iliKi-raRonz ov de hues and xifyr abreviafionz yet tu be 
 fcsplai d. reffjrig to dig and foloig secfions, and acompanid 
 J'i .1 -. 2e8 ilustrafions fiud be studid in conecfion wid 
 de corespondig instrucfionB ; and it wil be unnesesari tu 
 mac repeted spefial ref^rensez to dem. 
 
 In dis and in fnt\ir lesna, j fial endevor tu giv in mi il- 
 ustrafiong, in most caseg. o-l de prinsipal wurd<; and frazea 
 or pq r.las. But hwen dis sema unesesari, j fial giv a fty 
 egsjompli-, Mid ad a -j- tu indicat dat a lq,rj number ov 
 tid^jr wurdss or fraze?. ma be ritn in Ijc man^r. 
 
 121. An enlqjjd i-huc upon de strat stems rfipreeentu 
 v imediatli foloig de consonant; aa, 
 
cw 1 ecwal, ecwoliti cwv 1 
 
 cw' cwesQon cwCon* ecwafion 
 
 ,c\v* cwoliti, cwolifj cwEon 1 cwolificafion 
 
 Twin, twjn, twan twjs. twist. t\vi^. twjljt, cwgn, acwant,- 
 cwoniiuiti, cwibl, cweta, cwic, cwac. cwac, cwacqri, cwicsotic,- 
 owicqr, cwacqr, cwivgr, cwavqr, cwo/, ewer, cu'tri, cwori, cwo- 
 rel, cwot, cwil, cwal. cwel, cwenq. tocweit, incwest, scwff, icwtc; 
 cw2, FCWO/, cw<fl, twig. twaq. cwcst, cwjr, a<:wjr, acwizi/on f - 
 cewip, cwjet, ec\vi!i. acwit, acweus. cwaf, cwazj, cwrn, gwqno,- 
 bsw'ig, dwel, ilwclin, sfcwel, licwid, logwud. icwator. 
 
 122. An e"nlq,rjd r-huc upon dc strat strocs, and an 9$- 
 Iqrjd hue u{ on dc curvz, ecseptig de horieontal curvi, r*p 
 resents y imediatli foloig de consonant: as, 
 
 I>m yui, liav yui, wil yui, hop yui, <\r yui:-f- 
 
 3t y-huc ma b aded bj Ijs^ns to n. ferr 'in yoor. ' 
 
 123. Q Iqrj fjnal rjt hue upon a strat stem, represent* 
 fr, dr, crrdr: ae, 
 
 bfr betyr gfr togedi;r air radtjr 
 
 Bitqr, butqr, batqr, pictur, brud.qr, d(?tqr, depqrtur, captur, cre- 
 tur, cuitur, gadqr, glitqr, fr^ctur, sept^r, itructur, rapUir, Rit^r.- 
 manufactur, leotV: scatqr, tcwator, bac wcrt^r. lac wrt r. 
 
 At dar. had dar, can dar, until dar, bj dar, b dar, hwic, dar,- 
 ar dar. giv dar: -;- 
 
 124- Hweq de smerl hue iz included in a s^rcl, di lq.tf 
 Hue ma be mad aa smc?l 02 practicabl: az, 
 Mauufacturz, .brudera. dctjre, glit^rz, sd-yu:-f- 
 
 125. G.' legbnd r-huc upon a strat stem reprezonts rfy 
 nd a legbnd Z-huc rdprezentS'ir/ de skied'/ or r foloig dk' 
 towel of te,r de stem; M^ 
 
l,. tsajtoral, -wrfrpwralv vertebral, liberal, liberal i, barel;- 
 triol, coitrol, paitoral^ gnturaV, hutral, cruel, crcrl, gvl> mongrel, 
 macqrcl, integral. 
 
 Plae/, blur, tele.r, (illy, tolqrab^ tole,ra,foa, deplor, decla- 
 decJara/on, ckr, ocular, clarify secular, scblar, gTar, bncltjr, tot- 
 l?r, jocular, juglqr, jugular, straglqr, sqrcular, smuglqr, errjculor. 
 
 126. Legbnig a fjnal n err / hue upon a strat Bt, 
 aficsez 1: aa, 
 
 Psnal, panel, empanel, tunel, qanel, cenel, canal, spanel, cnr- 
 nel, spjflal, Jftrnal, trjbunal, diagonal,doctriaal, orijinal, etqrnal,- 
 iut^mal ecstqrnal, paternal, maternal, fraternal, signal, Danjrel,- 
 ooloniol, eronoloji, tecnoloji. jenealoji. 
 
 Bevel, bafl, devl, cufl, apruival, gravel, revel, ravel, rjfl, rafl,-" 
 rufl. rjval, trjfl, trivial, travel, st[fl, drivl, grovel; hopful, wac- 
 ful, dutiful, jeryful, earful, scilful, (jsrful, bowntiful, plemiful,- 
 respcctful, wundqrful. 
 
 127. An initial hue, presedhj a stjrcl, loop, <rr anud^r 
 hue. ecspreses n; &z, 
 
 Instruct, instrument, iuspjr, iasp[ra/on, iuscrib, iuscnitahl, un- 
 lorupuUis. iaseparabi. 
 
 Insolvent, unsemli, insult, insolent, insolqns, insqr. insist, inso- 
 muq, ii>.sulat, insureofon, ensiclopcdw, unsetld, unsolisited. 
 
 Inititut, instifujfon, instil, initfrl, iostint, instep. 
 
 In'lelrbl, ini/al, unqaritabl, iuflam, inflat, inflict, iuflecsibl. 
 
 128. (I fjnal hue, foloig a 8$rcl or a la>p, ecspreseft 
 (Ron. 1 ag, 
 
 Poti/on, compensa/on, aup^rsti/on, desijon, condensa/oo, acwi* 
 ^Jou, 1 aousa/on. 1 ace/on, 2 ilustra/un: -f 
 
 Bj Us^ns it ma be yxizd for ov, or n: [312:] t, 
 Complang ov, burst ov, stjrcumstansea ov, qbus ov, tell OT; +- 
 'Wst<rn, snwtatqrn, coit jrou. 
 
129. Qsmtrl hue onde insjd or cilqrj hue me b 
 f<rr 71," and sumtimz fcrr /: az, 
 
 Diu \ft not, did WE not, had we not, can ws not, o.r we not: 4 
 Dui yui not. can ytu not, bar ym not, wi] yui not, <\r yui not, 
 
 ilid yui not. had yiu not. rtia yui not;+ 
 
 Bj dar on, dm dar on, at 4ar on, rud(jr dun, ptit$r&:4- 
 Pro^ijounl, profe/onal, ndi/oual, coadifoaal. confe/oaal, najoaal, 
 
 tradi/onal, oongregfljoaal, proporjonal, constitq/onal, fricjonal,- 
 
 jatcnjoiial, fa/oual. 
 
 if/. 2nr i'. a fonetic iiiconsist^nsi in de yu ov At hues for tr 
 vad y bj MT Munin, dat w and r Jud corespond, and y and ; ; 
 hvara?. he ha?, rev^rst dem, iu ard^r tu obtan grater faiiliti iu 
 riti^). But dt adrantaj iz so grat. espe/ali iu reportig tettimoui. 
 4at j adopt de hues az givn bj MT \"'unn; ecscpti^j 'dut rev.;rpLg 
 e fonografs fwr _/> ^-s enable ni tu ecstend At yiy ov At y hue 
 to most ov At curve. 
 
 LJSSN 25. Be Hues, and Owlsid lluet. 
 
 130. Q f^rat plas curv dafi ma bt jtrynd to de gtro 
 hwiq it presedz; a, 
 
 Wit. witi, wido. wed. wir;. 
 
 131. Bj Ijstjns. udqr curv dafiez ma tmmtima be jtrynd 
 fo a presedig err foloig stroc: as, 
 
 Wej, waj, wajee, wajqr, wrc, Yat, nu, contiou. 
 
 132. Q curv dafi jerynd at rjt aggla wid de stem, aa in 
 <ts frazez ye-doo, wud-go, ye-hv, hwot-^r. \x celd 1 
 bac hue. Q hue plast owtsjd ov a curv, as In d frt^o 
 yoo-hav, wa-qr, la Owld an owtsjd hue. 
 
35 
 
 133. Q left initial bac hue, (corespondig wid de r hue 
 dpon de strat strocs,) reprezents r presedig de consonant: W 
 
 Republic, rtcapitulat, rectitud, remnant 
 
 134. Legbnd it reprezents olso r foloig, and enlq,rjd ii 
 reprezents I foloig de consonant; az, 
 
 Rprodus, reproc,, reprwf, rcprcs, reprimand, reprehentiibl; re- 
 treT, retren^, return, retras, rccrta/on, recrimiaa/on, recur, rigor, 
 rigorus, rttrose/on, retrosed, retrograd, retract. 
 
 Kubl, rebel, rebelyoa, rigl, ratl, repulsiv, ripl. rirll. repleni;',- 
 reclamajoa. 
 
 135. Q rjt inifial bac hue reprewnts / presedig de con- 
 
 : legftnd, it reprezents olso r foloig, and enlqrjd, .1' 
 
 de consonant: az, 
 Lacouic, eliptical, lament. Inn, Ijm, 1mm. laui, lam. Tam^limH, 
 litnfatic, Iqmiuus. lignum- vjte. 
 
 I^abor, libqrti, liberal, lib^raliti, lubricat 
 Liabl, label, labial. 
 
 136. Q left fjnal bac hue, (corespondig wid de n hue 
 upon de itrat strocs ) represents tic: legbnd it represent? 
 ttiv, and enlqrjd it repreaente Itiv. From de 200 trr 3QO 
 wurda hwiq ma be ritn wid dee hues i select de fo'oig. ilu'- 
 trafiona: 
 
 N gativ, iiitqrogativ, prtrogativ, purgaliv, t<rcati^, ztnott^, 
 Rctiv, efectiv, defectiv, electiv, reflectiv, colectiy, protectiv, ja- 
 vectiv, respectiv, irespectiv, prospectiv, pqrspectiv, Tju'lictiv, in- 
 tructiv, destructiv, consecutiv, ecsecutiv, fujitir, captiv, desep- 
 tiv, eonromtiv, furtiv, dcrivativ. primitiv. definitiv, resitattv. 
 
 Preparatir, comparativ, delibqrativ. opgrativ, fignrstiv, inipera- 
 tiT, narativ, curativ, coopi;ratiT, abffrtiv. 
 
 Spcculativ, aWatiVj relativ, corelativ, contcmplativ. 
 
137. Q rjt fjnal bac hue reprezents mp, m m&: len.bnd 
 it reprezents mpr, and enlqrjd it repreaents mpl: aa, 
 
 Pump, pomp, plump, bump, damp, tnimp, trumpet, tramp,- 
 jump, camp, cramp, clamp, tump, stamp, stump, limp, limpid,- 
 lump, lamp. 
 
 Pamper, bumper, temper, tamper, timber, distemper, temp^r- 
 QUr, tempqrani, qambijr, lumber, slumbqr, September, Novem 
 hv. Deemb<}r, compromjz, combqr, cucumber, limber, hamper, 
 hwimp^r, scamper. 
 
 Pimpl, brambl, preambl, tempi, tumbl, trenibl, tramp!, jumbl, 
 erambl, rambl, rumbl, timbl, asembl, nimbi, humbl, mumbl,- 
 rtambl, erambl, grumbl, dimpl, crumpl, gambl. 
 
 138. GL smo-1 ; huc widin de rjt fjnal Iqrj hue tdz r: az^ 
 
 Templar, tumbler, rambler, grumblqr, humbler, nimbler, gam- 
 blqr, 
 
 it* Unpromisii) aa dis hue apsra, j haT had ocajoa tu rit it 
 i fjv miauts f<rr tu owrz~ ia sucse/on, and evn for tjuu in a 
 cwes^on, sins At abnv woi ia tjp. 
 
 139. Q . merl hue foloig a bac hue reprezents n : ait, 
 Campion, campan, /ampan, rampant. 
 
 140. fit bac hue recwjr? aa mnq t jn a a convenj^nt 
 
 stroc; and iz onli ad vantajusli employd, hwen it replane? 
 an ecward ferm, hwen it furniUes u distijctir ferm 'avij 
 vocalization, er hwen rte remanig sceleton iz sufifiijutli lj- 
 U>1, in hwiq casit ma be omited: aa, 
 
 rotectiv, defectir, distiijctiv, egeeontiv, viadictiy, imtractiv: 
 delib<jrativ, figurativ, imp^rativ; speculatiy:-4- 
 
 141. An owtsjd ioiEal hue represents w- prwedig d 
 consonant: lenbnd it reprezents olso r foloig, and enlqrjd. 
 It reprazents I foloig de consonant: aa, 
 
91 
 
 Wjf, waf. wtV, wav, wo/, wkr, witrhow^ werrbl, wrrd : v. 
 trp. warm, wwrni, w<rrn, hwrrf, hwel, hwim, liwm, wan. *ou. 
 win<9, vrintqr, wonton, wonder, welt, win, wiqc. 
 
 Wafqr, wevqr, wavqr. 
 
 Huifl. wsvl, wetl. 
 
 142. An owt*jd fjnal hue repreeents '-nb'on:' leg fend, 
 *-nfion-r:' and enlqrjd, '-nfion-1:' az, 
 
 Men/on, man/ou, djinen/on, conven/on^ asenjou. prcven/ou, 
 ven/oa, iut<jrTcn/on. 
 CouTen/on qr. 
 Conven/oual. Conven/on wil. 
 
 143. $ belevdat fonografi ma now be sed tu be Cl fuM 
 Luct." (Se Qmerican Reporter for J\in 1852.) But d 
 bac hues and owtsjd hues can onli be advantaju8!i f ,eir- 
 
 for particular wurda and fraaez hwiq ma recwjr a 
 ffr a mor distigctiv fcrrm- 
 
 //. i wi/ tu provjrt v^ri aralabl f<rrm wid inm significa/on, 
 ^vn if it can be yusfuli empl<ryd but for a iggl wurd; pres^rT- 
 15 &t muQ az poaibl an analoji betwen At dif^r^nt ru^i IETJJJ it to 
 tft f\i(jur tu substitiit, hwarevijr it ia practicabl, rule hwi^ can b 
 mor ecstensivii er mor redili yu^.d. 
 
 . [201210,313.] Dttbl Isyl Stroes. 
 
 144. Dublig tit lenb ov a ful lenb carv ecapreses 4 
 adifion ov dr. /r, vr dr. (8a not w f paj 44.) 
 
 Jtyzamplf. Mat^r, ttty, let^r, wwt^r, flat^r, modern, icntiir.- 
 r, l*t<r, mtrtqr, tlcrtqr. filter, folt-r, hutqr, lqft<jr. swtty,- 
 r, mdvrntur, t>urti;r, iimetrkol, djametqr, t^rmoujetftr, bj 
 
98 TBXOPHOlfQQBAPHBB. 
 
 4romet$r, wyit^r, vot^r, Jelt^r, /ud^r, tund^r, hid^r. didqr, 
 r, ludqrn, nerrdQtn:+ 
 
 LESN 27. Jvyniy wiiotct in 
 
 145. In meni cases yxisful contraction;* qr ferrmd bj 
 je-ynig bj lise,ns widowt an aggl, hw^r de fcrrm 
 
 ia ambignus. flez contracfionz qr onli tu be yi 
 
 da wil not conflict wid de regular signification ov de carac- 
 
 IfHt 
 
 146. 3e w and y dafieg ma b jerynd widowt an ant;!, 
 on dc owtsjd ov curva: and de w 1 dafi ma be jerynd to R: 
 MB, 
 
 We ma, wit regqrd to, yvu tigc, ytn no:4- 
 W qr, wid refqrqns to, wid respect to:-h 
 
 147. Q dafi, strat er curvd, ma be jffynd to de dot f.rr 
 'ig,' practical! beig substituted fer it; K, in de fra?,e?, gw- 
 19 tu, macig a, beginig de ; pasig brcn, arjgig from, findij 
 dar, agreig wid, statig hwot. 
 
 In Ijc man^r, a dafi, atrat <rr curvd, ma be submitted 
 for de prefici 'com,' de dafi retanig its on pozih'on; a? in 
 de frazez w consider, yoo complan. 
 
 148. Second and fegrd plas dafiea ma be jerynd widow! 
 n aggl to an incljnd or perpendicular stroc, beii) indicat- 
 ed bj de plas OT de caract^r, hwig wil be loqr dan d btjrd 
 plas: ae, 
 
 3ar woe, hat wae, OT so, how dm, OB dem, on Iwi^. [ij wii 
 
 N 
 
99 
 
 149. TH strat dafiea, jcrynd widowt an aggl, fcrrm a 
 hqf-legb stroc: aa, 
 
 To dar, or dar, to rl dar, or <rl dar, bat dar, <rl dar, to dar on, 
 ov dar on. 
 
 
 
 ****. *S,1X^ 
 
 150. Convqrtig a curv stem into a wav Ijn, ads r wid 
 an inttjrvenig vowel hwlq ma be ecsprest in vocalization: 
 
 n, 
 
 F^r, afar, fqr, ftrs, fqrs, furn, fort, flower, sfr, vtr, 
 Her. arsr, ror, rar, frjar, wjr, 8wor,8Wtcr, conrqrs, convqrsa/dB, 
 i worn, sword; 
 3a ar, lar; 
 
 S[r, sor, sord, tqr, coniqrn: 
 i-'tr, /or, Jar, Jow^r; 
 
 LEF. lor, lar, low^r, l^rn, yard: y^rn. yQrn; 
 MEr, m[r, hjr, hurt, MQre, h^rt, herrs, morn 
 N[qr. iuur. nurs. 
 
 In formig de wav Ijn from de curv, it is fiertnd to wuu 
 hqf its legfe, and de opoait curv aded; BO dat 'fjr' ia not 
 ganjd in form, but onli rediist to wun hq,f its frrm^ r 
 leijb. 'Fjrd,' however, wud be qanjd in ferrm; and de 
 hevi wav Ijii difqrz from ti; opozit hq,f legb hevi curva in 
 h;ivi^ a singl swel in de senior insted ov ti^ swela. 
 
 i' hinc dat de curvatiir ov de wav Ijn fiud bs aa litl ai 
 wil be e.<i\\i recognjad; so az tti present a mqrct distiljcEon 
 from compownd curve. 
 
 151. Convgrtig a curv stetn into a eemisqrcl, ada I wid 
 ah Jur.jfvenid vowel k*l(> ma be (Jcsprest in vocaljaafion 
 
 o - no fa. 
 
100 
 
 Fjl, vjl, vjal, fjld, Hal, &lrf, afilipjon; 
 flsriil, wjl, wil, wel, w<yl, wjld, wdd, fral; 
 So. wil; 
 A sal, asald; 
 Ycr], ycl. yeld. 
 
 Mjl, mal. mod, hd, hil, hel, hcrl, maid, held, miljon. uphold,- 
 hold, held; 
 Ntl, nal, neld, nald. 
 
 LESff 29. [898300, 317320, 330 350.] FrtzcoyrAji. 
 
 152 tie fqrst wurd or a fraa muat olwaz be ritn in it* 
 on plas, ecseptig in srtan spesific casei tu be heraftqr 
 stated, in hwiq, for de sac ov distigcfion, de fras tmcs dr 
 poalBon ov de second wurd. 
 
 Frecwnisi ov Ocurrns in 30,000 Jf'urdz. 
 
 In rrdijr tu iluitrat At imp<rrtans or fraatografi, [ hav prep a nf 
 fort tabla or At number ov tjmz dat i^rtan wurdz and fiM^ee 
 on As av^raj in 30,000 wurdz. 
 
 1. A tabl derjvdfrom dc analigii ov 100,000 wurd, selected it> 
 
 detac;t por/ona from a Irirj vaqeti or gpsqez, debat, tet- 
 i, ^-s. Sis tabl embrases; At 50 most frscw^ntli nx-uriy 
 wurda in At la^gwaj. 
 
 2. A tabl derjvd from an analisis ov 30 to 70,000 ward*, il- 
 u*tratig At frecw^nw ov ds recur^ns ov les comon wurde. 
 
 3. A tabl derjvd mostli from At analisis or 100,000 wurdi 
 compriziq 36 OT de most frecw^ntli recuriy frazea in At langwaj. 
 
 4. A tabl dcrjvd ^efli from At analisis ov testimoni, iluitrat. 
 H At frscw^nsi ov As rscur^ns or a fu l<rqs<* T frasei. 
 
101 
 
 5. A tabl Joig Ac rclativ frecwqnsi ov At rr cunjne or 
 wurdi iu twtiiaoni and in sptcje* r dobat. It U frewqntli d* 
 ran d*t a witne* bay inspected ov prtvarica/on err direct pqrjuri> 
 hit ere-ceggamUa/on if conducted vrid ecstrsm rapiditj, in At hep 
 dat dus ma be cliiited important facts. hwiq, if tjm wi;r alow.1 
 far coneidqra/ou, Af. witnes wud consel. In iu$ case* it it <rer 
 imperrtant dat de reporter Jud be abl tu tac down erqri word cr 
 'wescjOQ and ansqr. Hens it iz spe/ali important tu mac provijoi 
 for diB wurde and dg veri meni coraon fraeea hwiq da form. 
 
 Inipecjon ov dsz tabla vr'\\ Jo dat comparativli qncomon frti 
 <tr aft^r ffl a imperrtant au meni ingl wurda hwiq hav bin tert 
 wurdi ov spe/al abrevia/on; suq aa 'peculyar, punij, obaqrv, doc- 
 triu;' Joiq de iinpertans ov a muq grater ecsten/oa ov fraeeografi 
 dan woz at fqrst recomended. Inded, fraasografi big wun ov ds 
 peculiaritiz ov fonografi, btiij erlmost unnon in ndqr listemi ov 
 Jortltand, it i not surprjgig dat meni ysrz li;iv bin recwjrd tu 
 develop its capasitie and iti proper rela/on to wurd-rjtirj. 
 
 3f: dot foloirj a wurd in Tabl 2, indicats dat derivative (y in- 
 cluded; an, hop, hops, hopt, hopirj. But derivativ? in de tab* 
 q,r not inclqded: dus 'pa*' dug not iuclud 'pad,' 'panwjnt,' err 'pa- 
 mqnts,' but onli 'pae,' 'pain,' and 'paabl.' 
 
 Tabl 1. Most Comon Wurdz. 
 
 4t 9179 be 308 wid 194 no 142 wud 109 
 
 1169 ym 268 he 186 at 130 dm 101 
 
 ;u, to 11 04 not 263 da 186 hwet 125 dem 99 
 
 mud 399 tor S52 hit 170 <rl 123 bin 95 
 
 4t 570 dis 246 o.r 169 err 117 if 93 
 
 i an 566 wot 241 bj 168 mi 115 had 99 
 
 iu 534 dar,dar231 from 15 on 111 wnn 88 
 
 } 470 hav 214 but 150 upon ill so 81 
 
 it 447 M 210 we 146 ht 110 owr 80 
 
 ia 406 bwiy 206 wil 149 cni 109 hui 78 
 
102 
 
 TBffOrHOMOOBAPHBB. 
 
 T&bl 2. 1st ComoH Wurdz. 
 
 p 
 
 b 
 
 protest - - 
 
 t 
 
 d 
 
 
 up 4S 
 hop- IS 
 pa- 17 
 pad 14 
 
 pretend 1 
 produs- 7 
 purdou 3 
 practis- 9 
 
 bar) 
 oba 
 abowt 
 habit 
 
 24 its 
 
 35j top 
 
 2 tert 
 
 43 dn 
 14 da 
 jdsa 
 
 S 
 38 
 6 
 30 
 
 pamqnt- 3 
 
 -cabl 5i. Dert . 
 
 3 !tjtl 
 
 1 did' 
 
 44 
 
 'a?* I pgrfcctli 6 
 papsr- 7p qrform . 10 
 pgpl 66 J rim , 5 
 populajon l prov j d . 10 
 public- 14 provid(jns j 
 
 put- 8 provkou- 6 
 peti/on- l| prcvent 3 
 peculvar l| prosd . 2 
 
 P S , . 6 lpressdent 6 
 ptsful 1 pre2id( , nt 3J 
 
 DUtl 
 betqr 
 bstwsn 
 obtan- 
 bad 
 bodi 
 object- 
 objecjon- 
 bac 
 btcerg 
 becum- 
 
 j total 
 18 jtuda 
 
 f)K * 
 
 ' tC* 
 3 tUQ. 
 
 8 tacn 
 20 itself 
 11 testifj- 
 * testimoni 
 
 adopt 
 
 2 adapt- 
 4 depend- 
 l;duti- 
 55daf 
 22 dowf 
 6 doctrin- 
 1 declar- 
 5 a/on 
 1 defsf 
 
 2 
 
 
 24 
 3 
 2 
 
 4 
 .7 
 3 
 
 opozit 3 
 
 |UX0JCU1 U 
 
 prea^rv- 2 
 
 beg 
 btfor 
 
 3 |tr^ 
 
 5'difqrqnf 
 
 14 
 
 pas- 18 
 
 preaum- 6 
 
 
 )?|tru 
 
 7 defjn- 
 
 5 
 
 pasaj 7 
 
 pgrsn- 1 8 
 
 ubuv 
 
 'ut^r* 
 
 2 defend- 
 
 5 
 
 posibl- 6 
 
 pijrsnaj 1 
 
 bot 
 
 6 ltrf 
 
 20 devot- 
 
 
 
 pozes- 3 
 pa Jon- 2 
 paftnt 
 aper- 7 
 
 p^rsnal c 
 ptjrsnali 1 
 present- 32 
 porjou 12 
 
 best 
 abstan 
 bgsjda 
 abua 
 
 toward- 
 ^hatred 
 
 9divjd- 
 4 advocaf 
 1 advja- 
 
 3 
 2 
 6 
 
 
 puir 6 
 
 permit 4 
 
 Jba^iT- 
 
 jgperifi- 
 
 advuiis- 
 
 2 
 
 pur 
 
 promot- 2 
 
 iiznes 
 
 
 11 det 
 
 11 
 
 powr 20 
 
 print- 16 
 
 bar 
 
 tras' 
 
 diii)o)<!- 
 
 6 
 
 perhaps 9 
 
 aprehend 2 
 
 31-jt 
 
 itregur 
 
 I ! de8titnt 
 
 
 
 purpos 1 9 
 
 prinsipl- 25 
 
 -ircf- 
 
 'jt^rm- 
 
 9 destroy 
 
 5 
 
 proper 9 aDlj . 3 
 
 r/rti 
 
 ' tran- 
 
 disturb- 
 
 
 
 I/on- 9 
 
 political 14 
 
 herrn 
 
 6 ;tirani 
 
 (Jistribut- 
 
 
 
 prepar 7 
 propgr 7 
 aprpra/n- 3 
 propor/n 5 
 probabli 4 
 pqrt- 28 
 pqrti' 34 
 op^raf 2 
 protect- ,8 
 particular 11 
 
 plea: 2 
 plas- 29 
 K>lisi 5 
 plejur 13 
 lan 8 
 apn- 6 
 lapn 1 
 pe-ynf 1 6 
 JttriiJ- 
 >enalj 
 
 abl 
 belo 
 obljj- 
 
 )1EV 
 
 abolij 
 >alans 
 >jnd' 
 ibandon- 
 abundant 
 >enefit- 
 
 ^ Jtjmal 
 j transfer 
 
 toid 
 
 * tal^nf 
 ~ ateint- 
 6 atan- 
 Jtrt 
 8 atend 
 
 1 destiui 
 0| distant 
 2 'distinct 
 1 2 distirjgwij- 
 15 desjd- 
 1 disqqrj-" 
 7 discover- 
 o descrjb- 
 2 disagre- 
 12 desev 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 11 
 2 
 
 
 Q 
 2 
 
TIXOPHOyOOXAPHH. 103 
 
 Tab! 3. Most Comon Fraztz. 
 
 <tr At 
 
 40S 
 
 wid de 
 
 67 
 
 jtinc 
 
 
 43 
 
 wil bs 
 
 33 
 
 to At 
 
 180 
 
 ov dis 
 
 61 
 
 dar iz 
 
 
 40 
 
 j WOB 
 
 33 
 
 in At 
 
 158 
 
 and de 
 
 61 
 
 and [ 
 
 
 40 
 
 to me 
 
 33 
 
 itii 
 
 112 
 
 it woz 
 
 59 
 
 dm not 
 
 40 
 
 la a, ie an 
 
 31 
 
 tu be 
 
 99 
 
 idui 
 
 
 57 
 
 hav bia 
 
 39 
 
 1 wil 
 
 31 
 
 dat df 
 
 80 
 
 j hav 
 
 54 
 
 ov his 
 
 
 38 
 
 da qr 
 
 30 
 
 for dr 
 
 80 
 
 j am 
 
 52 
 
 haz bin 
 
 37 
 
 ma be 
 
 30 
 
 dm yui 70 
 
 ov a. 
 
 ov 
 
 an 50 
 
 upon d* 
 
 37 
 
 on At 
 
 30 
 
 bivtr 
 
 69 
 
 from 
 
 d 44 
 
 ie ds 
 
 
 33 
 
 dat is 
 
 29 
 
 
 
 
 T,i> 
 
 5/ 4. Z 
 
 o'flffw Fruzez. 
 
 [ dm not 
 
 54 
 
 it wud bs 
 
 9 
 
 on dc 
 
 pqrt ov 
 
 6 
 
 " 
 
 no 
 
 30 
 
 az 
 
 dar ie 
 
 
 9 
 
 ' 
 
 ' de 
 
 2 
 
 ' 
 
 tine 
 
 11 
 
 owt ov At, 
 
 9 
 
 dat ii 
 
 fc 
 
 6 
 
 AM it 
 
 woz 
 
 17 
 
 hwar dm 
 
 ym 
 
 9 
 
 it ie de 
 
 5 
 
 " 
 
 i?. 
 
 7 
 
 it 
 
 it a, it 
 
 iz an 
 
 7 
 
 j hav 
 
 not 
 
 5 
 
 wun n 
 
 v d 
 
 15 
 
 dar iz a, dar iz an 
 
 7 
 
 dat i 
 
 hav 
 
 4 
 
 [ hav 
 
 bin 
 
 14 
 
 it 
 
 iz not 
 
 
 7 
 
 wud hav bin 
 
 5 
 
 i did 
 
 not 
 
 14 
 
 da 
 
 qr not 
 
 
 4 
 
 tu sa 
 
 dat 
 
 4 
 
 da dui not 
 
 11 
 
 it 
 
 hae bin 
 
 
 7 
 
 ov o\ 
 
 de 
 
 4 
 
 hwot 
 
 iz ds 
 
 11 
 
 da 
 
 hav bin 
 
 4 
 
 it ma 
 
 > 
 
 * 
 
 Tab! 5. Comparisn o 
 
 ' Ti'stimoni and Speqez. 
 
 
 'f'-.vt'ii/ri/'i 
 
 Sptqez 7?,7/b 
 
 Tt'stimoni Spt^fz Rnjb 
 
 dm 
 
 341 
 
 55 
 
 
 6.2 
 
 hwot 
 
 
 187 
 
 84 2.2 
 
 
 yin 
 
 730 
 
 151 
 
 
 4.8 
 
 no 
 
 
 215 
 
 116 1.9 
 
 
 WO'. 
 
 491 
 
 14ft 
 
 
 3.4 
 
 dar, dar 
 
 337 
 
 208 1.6 
 
 
 da 
 
 397 
 
 131 
 
 
 3.0 
 
 wud 
 
 
 187 
 
 87 1.6 
 
 
 had 
 
 160 
 
 59 
 
 
 IT 
 
 at 
 
 
 178 
 
 117 l.& 
 
 
104 IT BHOPHOITOeBAFBHK. 
 
 LESN 10. [3O 313.] Hue Frtzecgnmz. 
 
 159. la fraaeografi, de huca qr v\\z& for varius wurda; 
 but d^r q,r f^ casea in hwi<> a fraaeograf repreaent* raor 
 dan wun fraa. It iz yugiiali betqr tu disjeryn frase?. les 
 frecwqntli ocurig dan tu giv dem forma apTopriated to 
 ude/2. 3e folcng lists qr intended tu embras erl de mor 
 y\isful primari fraaea fcrrmd bj de hue, wld ilustrafiona OT 
 de eecondari fraaea. 
 
 154. d mel hue, inifial 91 fjnal <rr bob. ma bn apl jd 
 
 V de d&fiea. 
 
 165. 3e r hue jenyali repregents l qr,' trr 'owr.' 
 To owr, dar or, OT owr, 01 qr, ffl owr, bat qr. but owr: 
 i her, how v; hra ar, r qr, er owr, on owr; 
 
 tnu owr, in owr, for owr, from owr, btcerg owr. nd qr. und owr: 
 3t Qr, hwiq qr, Jal owr, bj owr. 
 16C. 3e i hue jenqrali reprezents *ol' err 'wil ' 
 To wl, dar wil, ov crl, but erl, but wil, <rl wilj j wil. how wil;- 
 htu wil, r rl, ou ffl, ht wil; 
 
 trm ffl, in frl, for ffl, from ffl, btcffz erl, and erl, and wil: 
 It wil, hwig wil, da wil, bj erl, dm-trl, did erl, had <rl. can !. 
 
 if 9l, at ffl, eg wil, Js wil. Jal o\. 
 
 157. 3en hue jengrali represent* 'not' err 'on.' 
 Sar on, bat not; h$r on; err not, jud not; and not: 
 Owr on: to owr on, OT owr on ; in owr on, i}-*- 
 
 It wud not, it had not, da wud not, da had not, at <tr u.- 
 
 fiad dar not, can dar not, bj dar on, dm der on: - 
 3ar qr not, bat qr not, hui qr not, and qr not: 
 3ar wil not, bnt wil not, j wil not, hi wil not, hoi nil not, ni 
 
 wil not, it wil not, hwiq wil not, da wil not 
 
TSKOPHOKOGRATHl*. 105 
 
 Dm not, did not, had not, <JT not, wil not, ma not, am not. 
 
 158. 3e n hue in combination wid bqvig tu repreieht 
 id, ma lumtjmB be y\;zd tm not. ae, 
 
 Bui not, had not, can not, wil not, <v not, ma not, am not. 
 
 //. Sum uv At. frazez included in At previus sec/on hav bin 
 r.tn und<jr dis rul; but j prefer d fcjl leijt formz, ecieptiij far 
 'cannot,' hwig mit bs mistacnfor 'can' ritn in ful. 5e ergzilya- 
 ri v^rbz Qr 4us brfft into grater simetri in trazeografi, ag wil mor 
 fuli aprr ia di> ntesl leen. 
 
 159. <Ce n hue ma sumtjmz represent 'dan;' az, 
 Mar dan, ud^r dan. 
 
 But i prefer in most cases de omifion ov de r in de com- 
 parativ, rjtin, 'dan' in ful; at, 
 
 Bet^r dan, ler^g^r dan, grater dan, aun^r dan, faster dan: r 
 
 160. 3e v hue jenerali repreaents 'hav' ar 'OT.' 
 Tu hav. dar har, trl hav, ffl ov, but hav, butov; 
 
 j hay, how har; hm hav, htn or, <rr hav, or ov; /ud hav; 
 
 and hnv, aad or, (?) 
 
 3arfor, howevqr. 
 
 Sa hay, it wil hav, hwi<; hav, hwi(j wil hav, can hav, ma hav;- 
 hwj hav:-f 
 
 Pcirt-qv, owt ov, tine ov, eni ov, no ov, e$ v, hwiq ov, ferr dt 
 sac ov. ^anj ov, qqrj ov, at frt: + 
 
 161. 3e iniEal hue to d curv dafi yHSHQli repreiente 
 'V,' and de fjnal hue 'bar;' (?) *z. 
 
 Wid owr, ym v, hwot qr. 
 
 Wi hav, wud hav, wqr not, hwot if. 
 
 162. * Lqrj hues can not bt aded to dedafiea, but ma b 
 
10* 
 
 ded to ful or hqf legh itcmz. tie tr hue ma be du yi^ed 
 lu ad 'we:' az, 
 
 Dm WE, did we, had WE. it w ? r r at h*rot r t We, hwi<; we, our 
 w, j sed we: 4- 
 
 163. 3e y hue ada <yoj r <rr *ycor;' and ta Teri convn 
 f^ntin report!) iestima>:i: as, 
 
 Dm yui, did ym, bal yui, bi y, cwr y, m yui, hwi^ ytur-f 
 At yuir, dm yuir, did yuir, had yujr, 
 
 LESN31. [314-31&,] Fntroynjt 
 
 164. Vqrbz f rrmij d past tens \>\ hqtig 
 from yiiaij de sam fcrrm? tu ecspres an aded ward. 
 
 165. tie. t trt d aded bj hqtig m reprwent 'it,' 'tia/ 
 'wud,' 'did,' -had,' <yr 'hwot;' as, 
 
 If it, til it, hwiq it, tae it, mac it, t it, woe it- be ir.-f 
 
 3; tu, ur tu, abl tu, led tii:+ 
 
 It wud, hwiq wud, da wud, <tar wud:4- 
 
 It did, hwi(j did, 4fl did, dxr did:-f 
 
 Had had, it had, hwig had, da had:+ 
 
 Sombwot. 
 
 166. (I hue ma sum'ims be a^ed ireg^larli aft^r a h^f 
 1*9 b stroc, for 'hav,' l o?,' r 'not;' M, 
 
 It wud Imv; crt tu hav; lasted or; it wad not, it did not, if 
 had not, da wud not, dar wud not, ym feed yui wud not:4- 
 
 167. Hwen a frae is frrmd bj hqri j tu ad 'wvid,*" 
 'did,' err 'had/ 4e fra? acs dfe pozifion or d r^rb; ae. 
 
 It wud 1 , it did 1 , it had'. 
 
 In dr. sam manqr ma be hqvd, 'hwi^,' 'da/ 'flti,' ac< 
 nd de A u> and .y atrocs, fiyr 'he,' 'w*,' Mid 'ypf 
 
*r 'yap to, dr for 'd^r,* and <J fraet 'yo led 
 
 168. ! foloij frtaez qr aranjd upon da tarn printipl : 
 
 1 . j dco K d^r do> hwot dco yo> ha* de 
 
 2 i did a? da.r did hwot did yo> har it 
 
 3 i had a? da r had hwot had yo> har had 
 l9 9* n-buc ma to aded iregqlarH te eg at de aba* 
 
 h***. (167-8,) tu ad 'not;' at, 
 
 It wud not 1 , it did not 1 , it had not'. 
 190. 3e r-huc ma be aded to de sam fraea tu d 
 hav;' yr, in de 3d plas, bj Ijs^ns, 'had;' as, 
 
 It wud hav 1 , it did hav f , it had had*. 
 
 171. Hqyi$ ma olso rtpretent 'dt;' at, 
 
 Be de, dui de, har de, had dt, at dt, if ie, owt ov de, tine d:> 
 
 1 72. 3)t hqf lenb 5 wil leldom be recwjrd for nt, qd. 
 err n-<le; and hens j apropriat it olao to n-de in de f a?e 
 
 1 in de 2 and de I on da 
 
 IB 715 de dafi tu represent 'in;' az in de fraea 
 
 In a, in owr, in erl, in hie, in him, in dii, in dat:+ 
 
 ISSN 32. [301-5-1 Vter Frtxta^amz. 
 
 173. 8e s^rcl raprezentt 'iz,' 'hit/ 'ai,' c haz,' apd 
 uunitimz 'us' and 'ae;' at, 
 
 It ie, it hat, if hie, if he ie, if be haz. hwot u, hwiq \z t dat \t, 
 dii ie, dar ie, he iz, on hiz, and ie, from hit, hiu \i, hwen <.- 
 
 At raeni ae, ae tun ae, ae ma$ ae, ae fi^r at, a* fait aa, a.-. J 
 at, ae cwic ae, ae Iqrj ae, ae wel at, ae hi ae, at if, na ytn;+ 
 
108 tT 
 
 Hae bin, haz had, has dun, haa not, haz mad, hag ed:+ 
 Ltt us, to us, ov us, ov so meni, ov so mug, for vis. 
 
 174. 3c se/cl ma be combjnd wifl de r and n hues, a? 
 upon de strat sterna; as, 
 
 As to owr, a dar ar, as for ovrr, az in owr:-(- 
 But not ae, /ud not hie, and not az:+ 
 
 175. T ma be aded to 30 s sgrcl wardsjna, bj qanjig do 
 oa to an elips, tu ecspres de adifion ov 'it,' 'tu,' trr ( d;' u, 
 
 h it, is tu, is At, ae it, az tu, az 4s, haz it, haa tu, ha< 4t. 
 
 176. Tr ma be aded to des sqrcl wurdsjne bj qanjig ds 
 to de lq,rj elips, tu ecspres de adifion ov 'daj;' ^ 
 
 I dar, aa dar, as da qr, hae dar. 
 
 177. 3e elipa i? ritn p^rpendicularli, and ma be jtrynd 
 to de foloig wurd; ae, 
 
 Hat it not bin, ai it wud, az dar wud, w dar not, a? dar ie 
 not, a 4ar wud not:+ 
 
 178. If mor convenygnt it ma be jffynd aa a Icop: az,- 
 Az it had, az it Jal, az to dat, &z to dem, a>. to hwig, i?. tu be, 
 
 a tu be, ae it woe, az to dis, az it ma, hwar 12 it:-h 
 
 Az dcr can, haz dar bin, aa deer WOE, aa dar ma, hwar iz dar f 
 az dar had, az dar Jal, ia dar tu bs:-i- 
 
 179. In sum casee de Iqrj er sml loop ma be ferrmd 
 from a fjnal B^rcl r sm>l loop, for similar fraaea: az, 
 
 Unle it, unlea dar, duz it, due dar, noe it, noa dar, /OK it, Joe 
 dar, tines ds. tigca it, tiffcs dar.-t- 
 Must dar, lest dar. 
 
 nn, tie h<*raofti, &nd darfor d lejibiliti OT fonografi, i 
 b[ rjttfl zz !<, az it, '$& Irit a modificajon ov dt sqrcl radqr dan a 
 
STlWOFHOKOOIUrHCM. 109 
 
 hqf lejt struc. Bat j /ud consider it a detriment tu tcstend dt 
 priniipl to Tqrbt Jermifl is part tem bj Ac. luip. (104) 
 
 180. '3V and 'da qr' ma be ftded to strat items bj 
 de (r hue, (123;) to curvi bj dublig dar lea,b, (144;) and 
 to de sqrcl bj subslitutig delqrj loop, (176.) '3at d^r' ma 
 b ritn dubl lenfo 'd*,' tu be jeynd at plegiir. 'Udqr,' fiud 
 be ritn 'dr,'for de sac ov dirtigcfion, wid ft; ecsepfiona. 
 
 181. d dubl legb '5' represents, (tu corespond wid da 
 
 az in $ 172,) 'ndr;' aa in dt fraaee 
 1 in dar 2 &d dar 3 on dar 
 
 LESlf 33. [316.] Combimfon ov Frtuogr&mz. 
 
 182. In de foloig ilustrafionz OT combjnd frazeograaa, 
 ds hjfena conect de difqr^nt wurda t be ritn upon de sam 
 tem. 
 
 It-wil-not, hwiq wil not, 4a wil not, i wil not, hm wil not. 
 
 Bf-o-l-oT-de, bi ol OT de, din <r\ ov ds, can 9\ ov Is. 
 
 Be-ffl-dar-on, bj vl dar on, dm 1 dar on, can <rl dar on. 
 
 It-wU-hay-dz, hwiq wil bar d, da wil hav ds 
 
 t)ui-yui men-tu sa, did yui msn tu IB, if yro men tu sa. 
 
 Can-yui tinc-ov eni, dm ytu tine ov eni. 
 
 On-ds pqrt-ov-de, on de sjd ov de, in de tjm ov dt. 
 
 Ov <rl-owr, to 9\ owr, but dar-<y, but dar wil, but in erl. 
 
 C?l-ov de, tu hav de, j hav dg, j hav but, /ud not d$. 
 
 In-vl ds, trm o\ dg, f<rr rl de, from vl ds, and ov de. 
 
 Tu err tre, tu ^r mor, to or from, on <rr abowt, he tn /: 
 
 Wil-jrui giv-yuir opinyon, wil-ym giv-yTiir-a<tny. 
 
 Veri meni similar fraiet can be constructed in Ije mau^r, and 
 iuq frneez c;r yujuoli mor lejibl dan At separated wurda. 
 
HI 
 
 LESJf 34. Frtxtogrifi if Direc/on. (?) 
 
 *. 3ts leir, Iz fdli snjestiv or Ml Imort ontrjd ttort. 
 
 118. Frr d 80 *r coovwy^ns j bar givn 4 nam o 
 ! anv*cs* to unvocoljeobl ffortkand term; consiitig o 
 dots, dafies, srcle, and elipset. Hwen wun unvoc it fal- 
 od bj fttiud^r plast ner it, it is Bed tu be dubld. 
 
 184. Q dubld unvcc indictts, bj de dircon or d 
 Meoad caraet^r from <! f^r*t, fie direction or a d* gTM- 
 a log omited betwtn de t\i ritn forraj; K, 
 
 .. nd in a . t and to a ; bat how tu + 
 
 In l(c man^r ma be formd tie franc* : 
 
 In but a, and how a, in huim a, ind bat a, and in hqr, ui 
 l'u4 i, *r roa huisa:-f 
 
 115. 3e direcfion ov an inelind <rr horizontal clips, in. 
 Ijc man^r indioati de direcfion or a dafi gramalog omited 
 befor de elips; as, 
 
 3ar i: 4, hui iz de, be iz ds, but i dc, r U de, ffr ac dt, an< 
 UMt. hm ia it, but ie it, 4ar iz tu, hut id tu: 
 
 3ar ie dacr, bat iz dar. hm iz dar, bat ae da qr: 
 
 186. Q sej.arat lo-g hue, hwi<; ia an onvoc, h^f ft lejb 
 OT a ful lent) stroc. and ov (fe foloij fcrrni, U, indicate b) 
 its direciion, de omilion or a corespondij dafi gramalog, 
 ptesedig err foloin. a w dafi; az, 
 
 t to hwot j wud /ud hvot in hwot 
 
 2 or hwot how wud on hwot from hwot 
 
 & bat kwot a wa iqwn hwot aod hwot 
 
<*> fl <5- 
 
 t m* Air wid o we Ju4 
 
 w$r drrr w;r at iwa Jud 
 
 3 awa to awt a aw OB awl (roaa 
 
 187. It ma be ritn dubl len^ tu ad '(fair;* as, 
 
 To hwot dar: ov hwot dar, bt hwot dar, awa from darr-f- 
 
 Contrtcfonz bud Ectftd\entt. 
 
 188. G atroc ma be ritn upward* m bacwardz hwen it 
 il sector a bet^r f<rrm; M, 
 
 Fc/onbt, jno, ^rt., (83.) 
 
 189. In sum eases a hqf lg& item ma be agen hqrd, 
 
 3at it 8 , 4at 4s, twt de, into ie 1 , fcnd to , not di, on te 6t* r 
 tmto <S. he did dt 9 , heded, fcmted, mad d 3 , mrt d, he bd <k,- 
 m to Ac*. 
 
 IJffA'36. IW1-S8I, 893-41 2.] 
 
 190. 3 Iqft^r mq,rc fiud be mmd BTO, 3us, f 1u mac 
 it mot distinct from fit mq,re ov -aptos. 
 
 191. f 7142 de obljc lin, <JQ<;, as a mure or omifiou err 
 iowt; in de lt^r CBS itrjci^ it forao 4e wurd <rr eloa indU- 
 ti^ctli h<jrd. Ti| <rr mer, plaat togcd^r, wud indicat ao 
 int^nipfion in tacig note. 
 
 192. Hwen de omifion ia or matqr red bj de epaefr, and 
 tu be upl jd in transcribin, j mac mor <rr lee hoi uo.iiol 
 
112 
 
 ti<56 on de rjt ov de obljc mqrc, aa a gjd in fjndig de caq- 
 wurdg bj hwig j detqrnain presjali hwot woz red. Ca$- 
 wurda Bud be tacn hwenev^r de spacer beging a n\i paj. 
 
 163. tie foloig fimthand fig^rg qr aranjd sistmaticali. 
 wid spefial refgr^ns to rjtig mx;8ic, and to nemonics: 
 
 \ ( \ /- - ) ^ 
 1234567890 
 
 It iz not so saf tu trust to fierrth&nd fig^rs in reportic; 
 ferr it iz impoiibl dat da fiud becum az familyar at d old 
 Arabic figure, and de oldest and most ecsperi^nst mabe- 
 matiHanz qr Ijabl tu mac mietacs evn in dem. 
 
 194. cle "modificafion ov tmmz bj mofion," [369 
 378,] iz a matter hwiq de engraver ma prop^rli studi, but 
 hwiq de rjt^r fiud no no&ig abowt ecsept aa a werrnin. 
 He fiud am at jeometric presifion, and de ner^r he can cum 
 to it de bet^r. He wil be fcrrti^nat if bj de tjm he h'al be 
 abl tu rjt 200 wurdg m mor p^r minit, big rjtig fial not b 
 mor imb^d wid "Ijf" dan wid "gras" or wid "menin." 
 
 195. Per veri rapid rjtu) a pensil iz prefyabl, not onli 
 bec<ri d%r iz no dels in obtanig inc, but beco-a de fornag qr 
 mor perfect. 
 
 mm. If we tac a l^D-nibd pen and atemt tu mac a fonografic 
 4j sloli, wt /al et dat de mo/on ov 4s hand due not oorespond wid 
 At mojoii ov de pen. At ds comensmqnt ov de stroc ds pen lag^ 
 nd ntr ds claz it gane. If de hand macs aa acqrat curv, IE pen 
 wil mec a diBtwrted curv. Hwen a pen is tu be yud fcrr fo- 
 nograli, darfor, it Jud be Jort-nibd. Bnt [ prefer a gud penul, 
 wid pap^r ov de r[t cwolki, gufi/tjntli ruf tu tae a mure ili and 
 yet not ttn ruf, fr TicjnaU ov rportq. It fe BBM>r taili red, evs 
 H tt Ijt or talo ftdle 
 
MWOPHONOOKAPHIB. 113 
 
 Eustrafonz. 
 
 On de foloig paj qr ilustrafiona ov de hues and udr 
 abreviafionz or Stenofonografi. cle numb^ra corespond to 
 de secfiona in hwiq ds abreviafionz q,r ecspland; and de 
 wurda and frazea givn wil be fownd und^r Ijc numbqra in 
 de foloig Ce: 
 
 120. Plaful, it wil bs, fulfil, catolic, famili, nolej, sensibl, [di- 
 nes, clam, Jamful, yusful, empley, benefi/ol. 
 
 Prefer, trubl, frivolus, tron, seminari, legur, p^rsn, tresur, 
 aprocj, p^rfum, permit, perhaps, trator, favord, apropriat, erdqr, 
 l[brari. 
 
 Abandon, ciqen, oblivion, ma/en, burdn, pqrdn, diminujon, 
 leloa, vilan, filantropi, fonografi, monad, Yuropsan, hqrcn, 
 wulen, Waland, wimen, yoman, alyenat, man. 
 
 Drovt;v, trover, djv^r, favorit, definit, advent, bgfor, difictdt, 
 develop, advantaj, prevent, privilej, perfect, p^rferrm, it vril hav, 
 ^srful, governor, adventur, contrjvd, draft, earful, gratful. 
 
 Ambijon, smenda/on, rsvi3on, rcmi/on, men/on, protec/on, abo- 
 lijon, ebulijou, pa/t^nt, prepara/on, apropria/on, proper/on, domin- 
 a/on, mi/on, mo/on, inferrmajon, He/an, sanjon. 
 
 121. Ecwol, cwesqon, cwoliti, scwival^nt, scwajon, cwolifica/on. 
 twitqr, twjs, twist, twiq, twjljt, cwgn, acwant. scwanimiti, cwibl, 
 cwota, cwic, cwac^ri, cwicsotic. 
 
 122. Dm yrn, hav yui, wil, ym, hop yui, qr ym, in yuir. 
 
 123. Betqr, toged^r, radqr, pictur, brud^r, dertqr, depqrtur, cap- 
 tur, oretur, cultur, fractiw, septqr. 
 
 124. Manufacture, brud^ra, dertqrz, glit^ra, sed ym. 
 
 125. Hpril, temporal, corporal, vertebral, liberal, trjal, pastorals 
 gutural, nutral, cruel, gqrl, integral. 
 
 126. Penal, panel, empanel, tunel, <janel, canal, spanel. 
 Bafl, devl, scufl, aprmval gravel, revel trjfl, stjfl, drivl. 
 Hopful, wacful, dutiful, jeryful, oarful, scilful, gsrful. 
 
114 
 
 STBNOPIIONOGBAPnBB. 
 
 V -? ) V) 
 
 \ 
 
 v\.\.t 
 
 ) I ( / V 
 
 ** ^. -r 
 
 / /<*, vv v , V < x >< 
 
 /i - U V 
 w 
 
STENOFHONOGRAPttEft. 115 
 
 187. Instruct; insolvent; iustitut, institnjou, instil, instirjt, in- 
 step; iudelibl, ini/al, unqaritabl, inflam. iuflat, inflict. 
 
 128. Pod/on, compensajou, supqrstijon, desison, coudensa/orij 
 acwiaij'on, acsejon, ilustra/on: complanz ov, burst ov, sqrcum- 
 stansea ov. abu,s ov, tels ov; wester, sowtgst^rn, cast jron. 
 
 129. Dm WE not, did WE not, had we not; dui yui not, can yui 
 not, liuv yiu not, wil yui not; bj dar on, dui dar on, at dar on. 
 fade,r dan; provijonal, adi/onal, na/onal. tradijonal. 
 
 130. Wit, wido, wi(j. 
 
 131. Wej, wajea, wajgr, were, Yats, nu, contiuu. 
 
 133. Eepublic, rscapitnlat, rectitud, romnant. 
 
 134. Rcprodqs, reprog, reprcuf. retrev, retrenq, return, rccrra- 
 JOD. recriminajon; rabl, rebel, rebelyon, rigl, ratl, repulsiv. 
 
 135. Laconic, elipticaT, lament, lim, lam, limfatic: labor, lib(jrti>' 
 liberal, hibrieat; Ijabl, label. 
 
 136. Xcgativ, intcrogativ, prerogativ; preparativ, comparativ 
 delibqrativ, op^rativ, figq,rativ; speculativ, ablativ, relativ. 
 
 137. Pomp, plump, bump, damp, trump, trumpet, limp, limpid; 
 Pam ;>-!. tempqr, distemper, qambqr, lumber, slumber. Pimp!, 
 bramb!, preambl. tempi, trembl, jumbl, scrambl, rambl, timbl, 
 asemb!, nimbi. 
 
 138. Tumbler, rambler, grumbler, humblqr, nimbler, gaiublqr. 
 
 139. Campion, campan. /ampan. rampant. 
 
 140. 1'rotectiv, defectiv, egzecutiv, vindictiv, iustructiv: ddib- 
 srativ; speculativ. 
 
 141. Wjf, wav, woj, war, warhows, worbl; Wafqr, wevqr. 
 Wavqr; Hvvifl, wgvl, wl. 
 
 142. Men/on, djmenjon, conven/on; Coiivenjon ur; C. .i\-eu 
 Jon wil. 
 
 146. We ma, wid regard to, ym tine, yui no: WE ar. \vid 
 refgrqns to, wid respect to. 
 
 147. Goirj tu, maciq a, bsginig de, pasin trai. ariain from 
 iij dar, agrtii) wid, statiij hwot. 
 
116 TBXOFHONOOBAPHXB. 
 
 148. 2ar woa, how dui, on dem, on hwi^, dar wil be. 
 
 149. To dar, ov dar, ov el dar, to erl dar, but dar, rl dar, to 
 dar on, ov dar on. 
 
 150. Fir, fers, furn, fort, flower, sfer, ver; Ear, fqar, wjr, swr, 
 conrejB, convqrsa/on, worn, sword; 3a qr, lar; Sjr, sor; 
 Ear; Lor, le,rn, yard, yejn, yqm; Mer, hjr, hurt, M qrz, he,M, 
 herrs, morn; Njqr. 
 
 151. Fjl, vjl, fjld, flal, f<?ln, afilia/on; flsrial, wjl; 3a wil; 
 Asal; Yerl, yeld. Mjl, mal, hsl, tiel, hel, milyon, uphold, held; 
 Nsl, nal, neld, nald. 
 
 174. Iz to owr, aa to owr, ae dar qr, az for owr, az in owr: 
 But not ae, /ud not hie, and not az. 
 
 175. la it, az it, haz it. 
 
 176. la dar, aa dar, baa dar. 
 
 177. Haz it not bin, aa it wud, aa dar wud, iz dar not, az 
 dar is not: 
 
 178. Az it had, aa it /al, aa to dat, aa to dem, aa to hwiQ, iz tu 
 be, aa tu be, aa it woa, az to (lit,, az it ma, hwar ia it. 
 
 Aa dar can, haa dar bin, az dar woa, aa dar ma, hwar iz dar, 
 ae dar had, aa dar Jal, ia dar tu be. 
 
 179. Unles it, unles dar, dua it, duz dar, noe it; 
 Must dar, lest dar. 
 
 185. 3ar iz d, hui iz de, he iz ds, but ia de, 0r iz de, far a de, 
 and iz de, I mi ia it, but ia it, dar ia tu, hui ia tu. 
 
 clar ia dar, but ia dar, hm iz dar, but aa da qr. 
 187. To hwot dar: ov hwot dar, but hwot dar, awa from dar. 
 190. (cle smcrj elips dubl leijt ia mad naro). Iz it dar, az it dar, 
 haa it dar; but it it dar, or iz it dar, and iz it dar. 
 83. SE de Rjtiij Ecsersja on paj 72. 
 
 Not. Had i non how imp^rfectli de plat wud bs ecsecuted, j 
 wud hav omited enuf tu mac de rest lejibl. f du not tine it 
 nescsari tu reprodus it until de sistem itself ia mor perfect. 
 
TKCOPHOKOQBAPHBR. 117 
 
 38 STENOFONOQKAPEB. 
 
 PART 3. 
 
 fc hav mad so litl qanj, (1869,) sins comensig Pqrt 2 
 flat it ia hqjdli nesesari tu ad anudr revigon. 
 
 Lgrnig flat Logli'z Manual can stil be obtand in Sinsin- 
 ati, j recomend dat if de lrnr can not wel proc^r bob he 
 fiud tac dat f^rst. Munsn'g he wil probabli get a fit 
 munbs lat^r if he continiia de Btudi ov fonografi. 
 
 LESN5. R, L, . ffs Up-strocs. 
 
 3e foloig wurdz j now r|t acerdig to de n^lg, erldo mad 
 ecsepfiona in Pqrt 1 : 
 
 11. Prepar, survjv, Redm, sufqr, s^rv. 
 
 jScsepfonz. 
 
 LESN 6. fl&s and Poztfon. 
 
 74. Ferrma contanig no perpendicular err obljc fial legb 
 stroc, ma be ritn wid ecwal convenyqns in de fcjrst plas: 
 and dqrfor fiud be so ritn hwen de dominant vowel ig a 
 plas vowel. 
 
 Eyzamph. Ms 1 , mj 1 , ma 2 ; [print 1 , nmzic 1 , imin^nt 1 , gift 1 .] 
 
118 STEWOPHONOaHAPHBR. 
 
 LESITI. 3t Votoel Grimologt. 
 
 in ^ in a ^ in tie 
 
 83. 3e wurda 'doo 1 and 'did' fiud be transpoad. 
 i-dra 1 , j-dra-not 1 , i-did 2 , j-did-not 2 , j-had 3 , j-had-not 3 . 
 
 LESN 8. at Serelz. 
 
 Veri mug ov de dificulti and apargnt inconsist^nsi in de 
 njla forr fonografic abreviafiong and vocaljaafion, ma be 
 obviated bj Munsn'e "Nil Clasificafion. " He clasifjz de 
 consonant sjna yuad in fonografi, und^r for distigct hedz: 
 
 I. Simpl Sterna; Eon on paj 3. 
 
 II. Huct Sterna; ecspland in Lesne 13, 14, &B. 
 
 III. Modifjd Sterna; ecspland in Lesna 17, and 26. 
 
 IV. Independent Sjna; incliidig sqrcla, loops, and 
 in mj sis tern, bac hues and owtsjd hues. 
 
 3en (le ord^r in hwiq de difgrqnt elements ov a fono- 
 grafic ferrm qr tu be red, ia ae foloa: 
 
 I. Inifial independent sin, gumtjma preseded bj a 
 hue, hwiQ wil be red befor it aa if it wr a separat stroc. 
 
 II. Vowel presedig de stem. 
 
 III. Stem. 
 
 IV. Inifial hue. 
 
 V. Vowel foloig de stem. 
 
 VI. Final hue. 
 
 VII. Modiflcafion ov stem. 
 
 VIII. Final independent sin, sumtjmz folod bi a 
 hue, hwlq wil be red aftqr it; and evn dat hue ma be fol- 
 od bi amide/ se/cl tu be red aft^r it- 
 
ITHHOPHOy 0GB APHIS. 119 
 
 5e modificafiona hwig d adopfion ov dis sistem intro- 
 dusea, q,r de foloig : 
 
 1. 125. ele vowel fiud folo de aded / err r: hwiq 
 wil mac it imposibl tu vocolja sum ov de egaamplt givn. 
 
 2. 144. From de egaampla eras de foloig : 
 Modqrn, sudqm, nerrdqrn, 
 
 hwiq ma convenyentli be ritn aa foloa: 
 
 mod^n. sud^'nz, nerrdq'rw err nerr'dq'rw. 
 On de udqr hand we ma ad, undgr de nil rule, de foloig: 
 Slendqr, tiund^r, winter, wund^r, widin dar, den-dar, dan-dar. 
 
 3. 150, 151. cle wav l^n and semis^rcl beig modi- 
 f jd stemg, erl de egaampla recwjrig a fjnal hue must be 
 erast, sins a hue foloig a stem reda beforde modification. 
 On de ud^r hand we ma ad, undgr de nq, rq,la, de f oloig : 
 
 Milyouar, aBJnor, vqrniqr, fjnal, vsnyal, flanel. 
 
 LESN 9. Com-; -if; er. mp: If. 
 
 90. if dco not advja de yt^s ov de h stroc fer mb in eni 
 cas, for de b stroc ma aa wel be omited hwen da,r ia no 
 gan in lejibiliti from rjtig it. 
 
 LESN 10. Logogramz a,nd Fraxeogram*. 
 
 91. $ ad to de list ov gramaloga de wurda 'did' and 
 'can,' not so muc, tu fierrtu de forma aa tu mac dem con- 
 veny^nt and simetrical in fraaeografi, enablig dem tu re- 
 sev a fjnal hue and be hq,vd in de sam manr wid ud^r 
 ergailyari 
 
120 
 
 Mistlanius sujesgons az to fvrmz ov wurdz and i'ra~i>z. 
 
 Lesn 10. 3.R 2 , Reicolcct onli in fraxeografii fff!rm 3 . 
 
 Lesn 14. Veri, Recwjr, preva/. 
 
 L"sn 21. 55. Siti iand ciownti iov. Owt-iov-!eni-muni iiu 
 
 ide tre;3iun inot iudqrwjz Sapropriated. 
 
 Lesn 25. Trembler, stumbl^r. 
 Lesn 26. Inte^&y* 1 . 
 
 Lesn 27. In-e7-casea, on-erZ-ocagoiig. 
 
 Lesn 31 So-fu-pec, gud-de'1-ov-ds, bj-ds-ad-ov-ds. 
 
 Lesn 33. 3ar iz a, fe^r aa dar, fer o 1 ! ov, at-e/-vent$. 
 
 LESN 22. Distigcfon ov Fvrm. 
 
 115. EEe foloig wurda and fraaea fiud be c^rfuli distig- 
 gwifit, aa de contecst wil not olwaa identifj dem: 
 MJ* 1 ; am tu. da-wi/; da el. la* 2 ; old 8 . lad 2 ; 
 
 BiZ e-r bil 1 , apsl 8 . Coirt ov Apielz, (crffst.) 
 
 Se ~\ ^ f Strocs. 
 
 Strjc bwt yuir, yu. 
 
 Ad swet 1 , swet 2 , hev, comprehend 2 , aprehend 8 , inherit, na- 
 borhud, hqnies. 
 
 3e foloig tabl ia a repetition in pqrt ov de tabl comensig 
 on paj 14, wid de modificafiona hwiq j hav sins mad in 
 inj rjtig or propoa tu mac; but de distigcfion ov de legfc 
 bv strocs ia so fqr disregarded dat similar forrma, difqrig 
 onli in poaifion, or in feicnes, err in legfo ov stroc, q,r givn 
 
ITBHOPHONOORAPHtS. 121 
 
 DISTIVCZON 07 PLAS, LEW7, AND TICNES. 
 
 \ \ 
 
 tu, to OT but 
 
 tm, tu dar, dar 9! 
 
 put, pit, to dar pad, hopt, ov dar apt, pat, but dar 
 
 DEtwen, bid, bet, bjde obad, bed, bot, bs de abowt, bad, ol dar 
 
 ps, pj up, wa, hop hapi 
 
 bj, tu be, bffy bs, oba, bo object, bow, abi 
 
 P Pi PIP - PPj popular pop, popi 
 
 public, bapt|e 
 bmbi babi bob 
 
 , j how a, an 
 
 oy o he,r 
 
 it wud it did, it ds, it tu it had, eri tu, at de 
 
 ded, djd, duo. ds ded, dat, det, did ds dowt, had it, had de 
 
 tim, et, tj it, at at, owt, <rt 
 
 dui, dj, du,, |dea did, da had, ad, od 
 
 tjl tert 
 
 tjdi, Deiti, djet, dito tuda, dq,ti, data edit, oditi, dowti 
 
 Dido did dui had had, dadi 
 
 B 
 
 he, him on 
 
 
 hut. hmm 
 
 er w 
 
 
 cet, Qjd, hwi^ wud 
 Jud 
 
 hwig it, hwig ds, hwiq did 
 ajed, ejd, jet 
 
 gat, hwig had 
 jot 
 
 ej, gn, i ? 
 Ju, jy 
 
 hwig 
 aj, ej 
 
 mug 
 
 
 '. J U J 
 
 ajuj 
 
 
 Rtin upward. 
 
 
 fud 
 
 on 
 
 upon 
 
 n* 
 
 qr ds, or tu 
 
 
 n"i 
 
 q,r, ro, recolect 
 
 
122 
 
 STENOFHOXOOBAPHM. 
 
 in 
 
 from 
 
 and 
 
 tra 
 
 for ' 
 
 beccrz 
 
 cud, cwjt 
 
 act, can de, can it 
 
 cut, cert 
 
 gud, giv As, giv it 
 
 get, gat, got, god 
 
 God 
 
 comit, comite 
 
 can, cam 
 
 cum, oc, cow 
 
 giv, givn 
 
 gav, go 
 
 ago, garanti 
 
 cic, cue 
 
 cac, coc 
 
 COC, CffC 
 
 
 cognieont, ceg 
 
 cog, g<roi 
 
 gig, gugff 
 
 gag 
 
 agog 
 
 if it wud 
 
 if it did, oftqr de 
 
 if it had 
 
 averyded 
 
 voted 
 
 hav had de 
 
 if it, fit, fst, fut 
 
 oft^r, fat, fad 
 
 oft, fat 
 
 averyd, ve-yd, vud 
 
 vot, hav ds, hav it 
 
 hav had, a-vowd 
 
 if, fu, ft ' 
 
 Fo 
 
 hqf, e-f 
 
 VU V VI 
 
 hav 
 
 vow, avow 
 
 if dar ' 
 
 fqd^r 
 
 hqf dar 
 
 
 hav dar, vot^r 
 
 
 wid 
 
 hwen 
 
 t)ert ds 
 
 ws 
 
 wr, wa, awa 
 
 dat de, dat it 
 
 fJinc ds, fiinc it 
 
 feert 
 
 banct 
 
 widowt 
 
 dat 
 
 do it 
 
 yrafi, ftj 
 
 tiinc, 06 
 
 bane, hat, toweand 
 
 de, 4 
 
 da, dem 
 
 do, dow 
 
 
 fiinc dar 
 
 fianc dar 
 
 didQr 
 
 de udqr 
 
 do dar 
 
 wud 
 
 wun 
 
 hwot 
 
 win 
 
 wo 
 
 WOT 
 
 Nt 
 
 establij 
 
 wost. aatoni/ 
 
 M. it it 
 
 woz ds, woz it 
 
 M it, haz it 
 
 ?e, si, is 
 
 so, sa, yes 
 
 us, se 
 
 \ z tz ggj 
 
 woa 
 
 
 Sfc dar, eryst^r 
 
 so dar, sa dar 
 
 89 dar 
 
 
 woz dar 
 
 
tBNOPHOyOOlAPHB* 
 
 J J 
 
 wi/t At /ut de, /od ds, Je did de /owt At, /s had d$ 
 
 wi/t, /st, /rat, /s wud /ut, /od, /al it, /s did /owt, /s had 
 
 i~1 *~ 7 * 1 <- 
 
 /e, wi/, i/n 
 
 * it J 4 1 t~ 
 
 /al, /o 
 yugnol 
 
 nf 
 
 aj 
 
 wi/ dar 
 
 /al dar, /o dar, /udqr 
 yujuali dar 
 
 -^ -^. 
 
 
 rsd ds, hwar wud ds he,rd dt, hwar did de 
 wuded wated, weded, ws did de 
 
 hwar had de 
 we had de 
 
 her it, arjt 
 rd, w wud 
 
 hqrt, ojt, hurt 
 hrd, wurd, we did 
 
 hwar it 
 hqrd, ws had 
 
 her, hjr, hjqr 
 hwjj wui 
 
 owr, ara 
 ev^r, erqii, wo, wa 
 
 hwar, awar, war 
 ov^r, however 
 
 her dar 
 
 rad^r 
 
 hwar dar 
 
 wide,r, hwj dar 
 
 wetqr 
 
 ove,r dar 
 
 
 r r 
 
 
 Ijted 
 yui wud de 
 
 let it, let ds 
 yui did de 
 
 aloted, alowd ds 
 yui had de 
 
 'it, Isd, wil it 
 yra wud 
 
 let, lat, led, lad, old 
 yui did 
 
 lot, lowd, alowd 
 yui had, yot 
 
 li, il, In 
 
 peculyor, yuir 
 
 wil, wel, la 
 erlredi, ya 
 
 lor, hoi, holi 
 Iqrj, dolar 
 
 lifer 
 
 lete,r, wil dar, lede,r 
 
 lat^r 
 
 mjt de, nut de 
 yui, yuir 
 
 met de, mad ds 
 he did ds, hated 
 
 beyond 
 he had de 
 
 mjt, met, imsdiatli 
 hit, hid, hit, hed 
 
 met, mat, mad, mod 
 hed, hat, hut 
 
 mat, mad 
 hat, hot, ahed 
 
 me, mj 
 impruiv, h[, hq 
 
 ma, am 
 
 important, ha, ho 
 
 am, horn 
 hq, ahq 
 
 meter, mjtqr 
 hidr, impruiv dar 
 
 matqr, mudqr, ma dar 
 hede,r 
 
 am dar 
 hatqr 
 
124 
 
 MKOPHOKOOBAPHB*. 
 
 into ds 
 ye, yer, ysld 
 into, nit, ned, net 
 in de 
 
 yet, not de 
 ya 
 undqr, end, not 
 and de 
 
 and to de 
 onto de 
 not, ant, ant 
 cm ds 
 
 eni, nu 
 6in, Engli/ 
 ned<jr 
 iu dar 
 
 no, on 
 yon, oig 
 nnuder, entqr, no dar 
 and dar 
 
 na, aner^ 
 laggwaj 
 now dar 
 on dar 
 
 Frecwensi 00 Ocurens in 30,000 Wurdz. 
 
 From ecfctensiv analisis ov dg frecw^nsi ov ocur^ns, j f jnd dat 
 on d avqraj d$ plural number ocure 1-46 ov de t[m; ds infinitiv 
 t?rmina/on ov y^rba 1-2 ov ds tjm, de post ten8 tormina/on (<, d,) 
 1-46, de partisipl (iy) 1-86, and de tormina/on (s, z,) 1-86. 
 
 3e several pqrts qv spgg ocur in de foloig numbqra in 30,000 
 
 wurdz: 
 
 Prepoai/one 3,354 
 (Jgailyari vqrba 3,051 
 
 Pronownz 
 
 Article 
 
 Conjunc/ona 
 
 Ajcotiva 
 Adv^rbz 
 
 2,958 
 
 2,745 
 
 1,660 
 
 1,074+ 
 
 1,056+ 
 
 Nowne, v^rbs, and ajectiva and 
 advqrbz fffrmd from dem 14,102 
 
 Aa a matqr ov curiositi j 
 apend de foloiy statm^nt. 
 ov hwig j no not de er6oriti t 
 
 Number ov wurda in de 
 
 Old Testament 592,439 
 
 Nu Testament 181,253 
 
 And ocara, Old 35,543 
 
 Nu 10,684 
 
 or twjs aa frecwejntli aa in 
 ecatemporaneus spgq. 
 
 THE END. 
 
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