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TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLARD GROSVENOR BLEYER, Ph.D. 
 
 Author of ^^ Newspaper Writing and Editing" and Professor of 
 Journalism in the University of Wisconsin 
 
 BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO 
 HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY 
 
COPYRIGHT, I916, BY WILLARD GROSVENOR BLEVER 
 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 
 
 j&M4»USH^i 
 
 CAMBRIDGE . MASSACHUSETTS 
 U . S . A 
 

 PREFACE 
 
 This book has been prepared with the purpose of furnishing students of 
 journahsm and young reporters with a large collection of typical news 
 stories. For college classes it may be used as a textbook. For newspaper 
 workers it is offered as a handbook to which they may turn, in a particular 
 case, to find out what news to get, where to get it, and how to present it ef- 
 fectively. Every young writer on a newspaper is called upon to do kinds of 
 reporting in which he lacks experience. If, with the aid of an index, he can 
 turn readily to several instances where more experienced writers have solved 
 problems hke his own, he will undertake his new task with a clearer idea of 
 what to do and how to do it. 
 
 For systematic instruction in news writing it is desirable that students 
 have in convenient form representative stories for study and analysis. News- 
 papers, it might be thought, would furnish this material, but experience has 
 shown that it is often difficult to find, in current issues of newspapers, ex- 
 amples of the particular kind of story under consideration, and it is likewise 
 diflftcult to supply every student in a large class with a copy of the issue that 
 happens to contain the desired example. 
 
 The selection of specimens for this book has been determined largely by 
 two considerations: first, that the news which the story contains should be 
 typical, rather than extraordinary or "freakish"; and second, that the story 
 should present the news effectively. It has been assumed that the student 
 must first learn to handle average news well in order to grapple successfully 
 with extraordinary happenings. A considerable part of the book deals with 
 more or less routine news, because it is with this type that a large portion of 
 the reporter's work is concerned. 
 
 Since newspapers are read rapidly, it has been taken for granted that a 
 story is most effective when its structure and style enable the reader to get 
 the news with the least effort and the greatest interest. Many pieces of news 
 can best be treated in a simple, concise style, with the essential facts well 
 massed in a summary lead. Such straightforward presentation does not mean 
 that the style must be bald and unoriginal. The examples illustrative of this 
 purely informative type of news story are generally marked by a simplicity 
 and directness of expression that are characteristic of good journalistic 
 style. 
 
 430171 
 
iv PREFACE 
 
 Informative news stories in which the so-called "human interest" ele- 
 ment has been developed have also been included in considerable number, 
 not only because they are perennially popular, but because some news may 
 be presented very effectively by bringing out its human interest phases. As 
 a type distinct from these stories with news of some value are those 
 entertaining and appealing stories, containing little or no real news, that 
 are generally known as "feature" or "human interest" stories. Both of 
 these types illustrate the application to news writing of recognized methods 
 of fiction. The use of these methods is entirely commendable. The danger for 
 the reporter lies in failure to discriminate between fiction and its methods. 
 To use the devices of fiction in order to portray faithfully actual events is one 
 thing; to substitute fictitious details in order to heighten the effect is quite 
 another. No stories have been included in this book that are unquestionably 
 fictitious. Some that may have imaginary details have been given to furnish 
 material for discussion. 
 
 The examples presented here are not put forward as models for the stu- 
 dent to imitate in every respect. Few news stories are perfect in structure and 
 style. The conditions under which they are written and edited make careful 
 revision almost impossible. For the purpose of analysis, work that is not so 
 well done as it might have been is valuable as showing the student what to 
 avoid in his own writing. 
 
 The stories have been grouped in chapters partly on the basis of subject 
 matter and partly on that of the methods used. This arrangement has been 
 adopted not as a complete classification of news, but rather as a convenient 
 grouping for purposes of study. In each chapter has been included a brief 
 discussion of the chief points to be considered in analyzing and in writing the 
 type of story in that division. None of the points has been treated at length 
 owing to lack of space and to the fact that most of them have been taken up 
 in detail by the author in another textbook, "Newspaper Writing and 
 Editing." 
 
 Attention has been called in each chapter to the underlying purpose that 
 should determine the selection and the presentation of the kind of news in- 
 cluded in that group. This has been done in the belief that the reporter should 
 consider carefully the probable effect on the reader of every story that he 
 writes. Since "the food of opinion is the news of the day," the kind of food 
 that he serves and the manner in which he serves it is a matter of consequence, 
 not only to him and his newspaper but to society as a whole. Not until a re- 
 porter realizes the influence that his news stories may have on the ideas and 
 ideals of thousands of readers, does he appreciate fully the significance of his 
 
PREFACE V 
 
 work. The possibilities of what has been termed "constructive journalism" 
 have been dwelt upon at some length because it is evident that well-edited 
 papers are undertaking more and more to present the news so that it will have 
 a wholesome effect on their readers. 
 
 The selections in this book have been taken from daily newspapers in all 
 parts of the country and may be said to illustrate current practice. The name 
 of the paper has been attached to each example, not only in acknowledgment 
 of the credit due, but in an effort to lead the student to consider the story 
 from the point of view of the poHcy of the paper and of the character of the 
 readers to whom it appeals. The student should compare all of the stories 
 taken from each paper and should, if possible, examine the current issues. 
 
 Although it has not seemed desirable to print the examples in so small 
 type as that commonly used in newspapers, the column width has been re- 
 tained in order to reproduce, as far as possible, the effect of the original form. 
 Headlines have not been given because they are not an integral part of the 
 story. In a few instances stories have been condensed when it was possible 
 to do so without destroying the effect. For obvious reasons names and ad- 
 dresses have frequently been changed, and errors that escaped notice have 
 been corrected in a number of the stories. 
 
 The author is deeply indebted to AUce Haskell Bleyer for invaluable sug- 
 gestions and criticism in connection with every detail of this book. 
 
 Univebsity op Wisconsin, Madison, 
 January 20, 1916. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 I. News Writing . 1 
 
 II. The Study op News Stories 6 
 
 An Outline for the Analysis of News Stories 12 
 
 III. Fires and Accidents 15 
 
 IV. Police News and Crime 46 
 
 V. Criminal and Civil Courts 76 
 
 VI. Investigations, Legislation, and Meetings 107 
 
 VII. Speeches, Interviews, and Reports 126 
 
 VIII. Exhibitions, Entertainments, and Special Occasions . . . 141 
 
 IX. Illness and Death 168 
 
 X. Politics and Elections 179 
 
 XI. Labor Troubles and Strikes 186 
 
 XII. Weather 192 
 
 XIII. Sports 200 
 
 XIV. Society 221 
 
 XV. Miscellaneous Local News . '^'^ . 232 
 
 Index 261 
 
TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 
 NEWS WRITING 
 
 Contents of newspapers. The average daily newspaper includes a larger 
 amount and variety of reading matter than most readers realize. In one 
 issue of a large daily paper, which contains from 60,000 to 80,000 words ex- 
 clusive of advertising, are usually to be found examples of practically every 
 type of literary composition. The contents range from news of accidents and 
 crime to humorous and serious verse, from market reports to a short story or 
 a chapter of a novel, from dramatic and musical criticism to cooking recipes 
 and cosmetic formulas, from argumentative editorials to reports of boxing 
 matches and baseball games. Vivid description, spirited narrative, critical 
 appreciation, logical argument, lucid explanation, moving pathos, vigorous 
 appeals, wit and humor — all are often exemplified in a single issue of a well- 
 edited newspaper. Scarcely any other form of publication has regularly so 
 great a variety of writing as the daily newspaper. Thus, although a news- 
 paper is ordinarily thought of solely as a medium for the publication of cur- 
 rent news and editorials, the average daily paper supphes its readers with 
 much entertaining reading matter as well as considerable advice and useful 
 information. 
 
 Classification of contents. Diversified as are the contents of a typical 
 daily paper, they may be grouped in seven classes: (1) news stories; (2) 
 special feature articles; (3) editorials; (4) dramatic, musical, and literary 
 criticism; (5) practical advice and useful information; (6) humorous matter; 
 (7) fiction. Of these seven classes, the first four — news stories, special feature 
 articles, editorials, and dramatic, musical, and literary criticism — are gen- 
 erally considered to be the distinctly journahstic types of writing. 
 
 News stories present (1) timely events of interest and significance to 
 readers, and (2) timely incidents of little or no news value that are made enter- 
 taining by the manner in which they are presented. The first is the common 
 type of news story; the second is usually called the "human interest" or 
 "feature" story. Although it is sometimes said that anything that has ever 
 
TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 happened is nev-G if it has not been generally known, it is evident that events 
 that have occurred in the past are not worth publishing as news unless they 
 have a timely interest and significance. A distinction is generally made be- 
 tween "spot news/' which is news of events when they occur, and "detail" 
 or "situation" material that is presented some time later in the form of 
 special correspondence or of special feature articles. 
 
 Special feature articles are detailed presentations of (1) matters of recent 
 news that are of sufficient interest to warrant elaboration, (2) timely topics 
 not directly connected with the news of the day, (3) subjects of interest that 
 are neither timely nor connected with current events. They are informative 
 in character and are generally of some length. They are usually published in 
 magazine sections of Saturday or Sunday editions, but in some papers they 
 appear daily. 
 
 Editorials have as then- purpose the interpretation of news and of current 
 issues and the discussion of matters of general interest, particularly with a 
 view to convincing readers of the truth or the falsity of some proposition and 
 of persuading them to act in accordance with the convictions thus created. 
 In this way they differ from both news stories and special feature articles. 
 
 Dramatic, musical, and literary criticism consists of reviewing and passing 
 judgment on current dramatic performances, concerts, and books. To the 
 extent that some reviews of plays and concerts merely give informative news 
 concerning the event, they are like news stories, but in so far as they are 
 critical, they are more like editorials. Book reviews, likewise, may simply 
 give information regarding the contents of a book, or they may undertake to 
 evaluate it by pointing out its merits and defects. 
 
 Practical advice and useful information in special fields, humorous mat- 
 ter, and fiction, as given in the daily newspaper, do not differ materially 
 from similar matter published in other forms and cannot be considered dis- 
 tinctly journalistic types of writing. 
 
 How news is gathered. Since the day's news is the essential part of the 
 daily newspaper, the gathering, writing, and editing of news is naturally the 
 chief concern of journalism. From the point of view of newspaper organiza- 
 tion for handling news, it is divided into two general classes: (1) local news, 
 and (2) telegraph news. Local news, which is that of the city where the paper 
 is published as well as of its immediate vicinity, is gathered (1) by reporters 
 working under the direction of the city editor of the paper, and (2) by re- 
 porters working under the direction of the head of a local news association or 
 bureau, the news service of which the paper uses to supplement its own news 
 gathering. Telegraph news includes all news not local, which comes to the 
 
NEWS WRITING 
 
 paper by telegraph, long-distance telephone, cable, or mail, whether sent by 
 its own correspondents or by a news association such as the Associated Press 
 or the United Press. The reporters and correspondents of the press associa- 
 tions work under practically the same conditions as the newspaper's own 
 correspondents, but they are responsible to the division head of the press 
 association, whereas the newspaper's correspondents are under the direction 
 of the telegraph editor or of the state editor of the paper. The work of news 
 gathering is not essentially different, whether done by a reporter or by a cor- 
 respondent in the employ of a newspaper or of a news-gathering association. 
 
 How news is written. After the reporter has obtained the news, he re- 
 turns to the office and writes his story as rapidly as possible, in accordance 
 with any instructions that the city editor may give him. If it is inexpedient 
 for him to return to the office, he writes his story quickly at some convenient 
 place and sends it to the office by messenger or by telephone. Under some 
 circumstances, particularly when lack of time prevents his writing the story 
 and sending it in, he telephones the facts to a rewrite man in the office, who 
 writes the story from the data thus secured. The reporter for a local news as- 
 sociation prepares his stories, as directed by the news editor of the associa- 
 tion, under practically the same conditions as the newspaper reporter. 
 
 The correspondent, after writing his story, mails it, files it at the tele- 
 graph office, or telephones it to the newspaper office. He, too, may telephone 
 the bare facts to have them written in news-story form by a rewrite man in 
 the newspaper office. The correspondent of a general news-gathering agency 
 handles his news in the same way except that he sends it by mail, telegraph, 
 or telephone to the district office of the association or agency that he repre- 
 sents. At this district office it is edited and sent out to those papers in vari- 
 ous parts of the country that use the association's service. 
 
 As news stories, whether local or telegraph, are edited before they are 
 printed, practically all stories as they appear in the newspaper are the work 
 not only of the reporter or correspondent who gathered the news, but of one 
 or more editors and copy-readers. Well-written stories of reporters and cor- 
 respondents usually undergo little change when edited. A poorly written 
 story, on the other hand, may be made over into a very effective one by a 
 rewrite man, an editor, or a copy-reader. 
 
 Conditions affecting news writing. The structure and the style of news 
 stories are determined (1) by the conditions under which they are written, 
 (2) by the character of the readers, (3) by the conditions under which news- 
 papers are read, (4) by the typographical form of newspapers, and (5) by 
 the popular taste. 
 
TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 Newspaper writing must be done rapidly under considerable pressure and 
 generally without opportunity for careful revision. Although this haste does 
 not excuse incorrect and slovenly English, it does result in looser, less finished 
 wTiting than might be produced under more favorable circumstances. In 
 rapid writing, and particularly in handling similar material from day to day, 
 the writer, unless he is on his guard, is likely to fall into the habit of using 
 stock phrases, trite and colorless. 
 
 The large amount of available news that must be crow^ded daily into 
 limited space makes it essential to present the news in compact form and 
 concise style. "Boil it down" and "Cut it to the bone" are constant ad- 
 monitions in every newspaper office. Conciseness is a necessary quality of 
 newspaper style. 
 
 The average newspaper, in order to succeed, must appeal to all classes of 
 readers in the community. It must present its contents in a way that will 
 attract and interest the so-called masses as well as the business and the pro- 
 fessional classes. The style of writing is generally adapted to readers of 
 limited education no less than to the well educated. Comparative simpUcity 
 of expression, accordingly, is the rule in newspaper writing. 
 
 Newspapers are read rapidly by practically all classes of readers. They 
 must, therefore, be written in a style that makes rapid reading easy. Im- 
 portant details are placed at the beginning of paragraphs and sentences, 
 where they will catch the eye at once. The emphasis thus given by the ini- 
 tial position is one of the distinctive characteristics of newspaper writing. To 
 the most important details made prominent in this way are added the less 
 significant but necessary particulars, one by one, in natural order. This ar- 
 rangement results in a loose rather than a periodic sentence structure and 
 eliminates the possibility of a climactic effect in the paragraphs or in the 
 whole story. 
 
 The shortness of the line in the narrow column affects newspaper style 
 because it necessitates a proportionate shortening of the paragraph. Para- 
 graphs that appear long seem heavy and uninviting, especially to the rapid 
 reader. Since but six words on an average can be crowded into a line in news- 
 papers, as compared to ten or twelve in a line in most books, newspaper para- 
 graphs can be only half as long as those in ordinary prose without loss of 
 effectiveness. 
 
 The popular demand for novelty and variety prevents any form of news- 
 paper writing from becoming fixed, and results from time to time in the de- 
 velopment of new forms and new styles of news writing. To make some news 
 stories entertaining rather than purely informative, a number of new^spapers 
 
NEWS WRITING 
 
 abandon the conventional summary beginning, or lead, and use uncon- 
 ventional ones like the beginnings of short stories. They likewise give prom- 
 inence to trivial happenings worked up into so-called "human interest" or 
 "feature" stories, because in that form they make entertaining reading. 
 
 Characteristics of news writing. As a result of these various conditions 
 and influences news writing has come to have certain well marked charac- 
 teristics. It must be (1) concise, (2) clear, (3) comparatively simple, (4) 
 easily read, and (5) attractive to all classes. 
 
 Conciseness requires that needless words be omitted, that only such de- 
 tails be given as are necessary for effective presentation of the subject, and 
 that the length of the story be proportionate to the importance of the ma- 
 terial. In order to be concise, however, news writing does not have to be bald 
 and unattractive. 
 
 Clearness is secured in journalistic style by comparative simplicity of 
 diction, of sentence construction, and of paragraph structure. Learned dic- 
 tion, elaborate figures of speech, and involved sentences have no place in 
 news writing intended to appeal to all classes of readers. 
 
 To be attractive to the average rapid reader newspaper style must be easy 
 to read. It is made easy, as has been pointed out, by placing the important 
 points in conspicuous positions at the beginnings of sentences and para- 
 graphs. To satisfy the popular taste newspaper writing must also be inter- 
 esting in form and in style. It sometimes adopts the more or less striking 
 devices of fiction in order to add to its effectiveness. Furthermore, attrac- 
 tiveness is secured by such typographical means as the use of a frame, or 
 "box," and bold-face type, for facts of especial importance. 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
 THE STUDY OF NEWS STORIES 
 
 Value of study. Every good news story may be regarded as a solution of 
 a difficult problem in gathering, selecting, and weaving together a number of 
 details. The steps in the solution may be as carefully followed as the steps in 
 solving a problem in algebra or in performing an experiment in physics. As 
 in the analysis of such problems and experiments, so in the analysis of news 
 stories, the ultimate purpose is to find out how to solve similar problems as 
 they arise in actual experience. However interesting the theories and prin- 
 ciples of the art of news writing may be for themselves, it is the practical 
 application of them in the writer's own work that gives them their value for 
 the student of journalism. 
 
 Aims in studying news stories. The purpose in analyzing typical examples 
 of news writing should be to discover in detail (1) how to obtain news, (2) how 
 to determine its value, and (3) how to present it most effectively. Most 
 stories reveal the means by which their contents were obtained and the im- 
 portance which the writer or editor attached to each of the details. Sources of 
 information and standards for evaluating material are thus shown by a care- 
 ful exammation of examples. A study of well-written news stories makes 
 clear the application of the principles of prose composition to the writing of 
 news. A comparison of several news stories of the same type brings out the 
 variety of ways in which similar material may be handled. The writer must 
 know the varied possibilities of treating material, because, in working on 
 similar matter from day to day, he is in great danger of dropping into con- 
 ventional forms and stereotyped expressions. 
 
 Methods of analysis. In the study of a news story the following points 
 should be considered: (1) the value of the news; (2) the sources of the news; 
 (3) the methods by which it was obtained; (4) the purpose of the story; (5) 
 the type of the story; (6) the structure; (7) the literary style; and (8) the 
 typographical style. 
 
 News and news values. News, as commonly defined, is anything timely 
 that interests a number of readers, and the best news is that which has the 
 greatest interest for the greatest number. Constructive journalism is not 
 satisfied to present merely what readers are naturally interested in; it aims 
 
THE STUDY OF NEWS STORIES 
 
 to give news that is significant to them from the point of view of their per- 
 sonal affairs as well as from that of the welfare of society. It likewise under- 
 takes to create interest in significant news that of itself may not interest a 
 considerable number of readers. Each story, therefore, should be examined in 
 order to determine why the news in it was considered of interest and signifi- 
 cance to the readers of the paper in which it was published, as well as how 
 great the interest and the significance were believed to be as indicated by the 
 space given to the story. 
 
 News values are based largely on the reader's interest in (1) timely mat- 
 ters, (2) extraordinary events and circumstances, (3) struggles for supremacy 
 in politics, business, sports, etc., (4) matters involving the property, life, and 
 welfare of fellow men, (5) children, (6) animals, (7) hobbies and amusements. 
 
 The degree of the reader's interest in these matters of news is propor- 
 tionate to (1) his familiarity with the persons, the places, and the things 
 involved, (2) the importance and the prominence of these persons, places, 
 and things, (3) the closeness of their relation to the reader's personal affairs. 
 
 The distinction between local news and general news grows out of the 
 greater degree of interest on the part of the reader in persons and places that 
 he knows and in matters that are closely related to his business and his home. 
 News of significance concerning the community in which he lives is of prime 
 importance to every reader. Interest in news may generally be said to vary 
 inversely in proportion to the distance between the place where the news 
 originates and the place where the paper is published. Local interest is given 
 to general news by bringing out those phases, or "local ends," of telegraph 
 news that are of significance in the community in which the paper circulates. 
 
 Every story indicates the evaluation of the news that it presents as made 
 by the reporter or correspondent, and by the editor or the copy-reader. By 
 determining the basis of this evaluation, the student acquires a criterion 
 by which to judge the news value of whatever he is called upon to report. 
 
 Sources of news. From the details of a news story it is almost always pos- 
 sible to infer the sources from which the news was obtained. Public and 
 private records, reports, officials, eye-witnesses, for example, are often cited 
 as authorities for the facts in the story. These sources should be noted care- 
 fully, so that they may be drawn upon by the student in his own reporting. 
 In fact, a list of sources compiled from news stories of various kinds, such as 
 those of crime, accidents, fires, etc., will be found helpful to the beginner. 
 
 Methods of news gathering. How the details of the news were obtained 
 may also be ascertained from an examination of the story. In the report of 
 an interview, for example, the reporter's questions may be inferred from the 
 
8 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 person's replies. Not infrequently the story shows indirectly the circum- 
 stances under which the reporter secured the material. The student will do 
 well to note every such hint and suggestion. 
 
 Purpose. Every news story should present the details of the news as ac- 
 curately as possible and as completely as the significance of the news war- 
 rants. The embellishment of news stories with fictitious details to make them 
 more interesting or more entertaining, as well as the distortion and suppres- 
 sion of significant facts of the news in order to accomplish some end, are 
 alike opposed to the fundamental purpose of the newspaper. Besides report- 
 ing the news with fairness and accuracy, however, the writer, consciously or 
 unconsciously, may accomplish other ends by the manner in which he pre- 
 sents his material. By giving prominence to certain details and aspects of a 
 piece of news, he may produce one effect upon the reader's mind; by em- 
 phasizing others in the same piece of news, he may produce an entirely dif- 
 ferent impression. Thus news of accidents, crime, courts, and similar mat- 
 ters can be presented so as to exert either a wholesome or an unwholesome 
 influence on readers; that is, it may be constructive or destructive in its 
 effect. Stories of crime, for example, may be written in a manner that tends 
 to make the wrongdoer more or less of a hero, and hence may encourage 
 others to imitate his career; or they may be written in a way that tends to 
 deter readers from committing similar crimes. Whether wrongdoing is made 
 attractive or unattractive in news stories depends not so much upon giving 
 the facts fully and accurately as upon the reporter's attitude toward his 
 material. 
 
 Some newspapers simply record the news without emphasizing either its 
 constructive or its destructive phases. Newspapers of this type have been 
 likened to mirrors that reflect impartially whatever comes within their 
 range. This policy is expressed in the dictum of a well-known editor when 
 he declared, "Whatever the Divine Providence permitted to occur, I was 
 not too proud to report." Purely informative news stories and entertaining 
 feature stories in these papers are written without particular regard for their 
 influence on readers. 
 
 Other newspapers, not satisfied with reporting the day's events in an 
 accurate but colorless manner, without any particular consideration for its 
 effect upon their readers, deliberately undertake to give news in such a way 
 that it tends to be helpful and constructive in its influence. They publish not 
 merely the usual details regarding fires and accidents; they emphasize the 
 causes, the responsibility, and the frequency of such occurrences, in order 
 to impress upon readers the importance of taking preventive measures 
 
THE STUDY OF NEWS STORIES 
 
 against the recurrence of such disasters. They also recognize the fact that 
 some legitimate news, even when given in what is ordinarily considered an 
 unobjectionable manner, tends to have a bad effect on readers in that it sug- 
 gests to them ideas and ideals inimical to the best interests of society as a 
 whole. So-called "waves" of crime and suicide they realize are often the 
 result of suggestions given to morally unstable readers by newspaper stories 
 of crimes and suicides. By constructive treatment of such news, they at- 
 tempt to reduce to a minimum these undesirable suggestions and to sub- 
 stitute for them suggestions that tend to prevent similar criminal and anti- 
 social acts. 
 
 Another class of newspapers, apparently disregarding the unwholesome 
 effect upon their readers, give prominence to sensational, ghastly, and scan- 
 dalous phases of the news because they know that such details appeal to the 
 morbid interest of many readers. The not uncommon explanation made 
 by these newspapers for such treatment of news is that they are giving the 
 public what it wants. Critics of these papers deny the validity of this ex- 
 cuse and point out that it would apply equally to the selling of habit-form- 
 ing drugs and adulterated food, acts now forbidden by law. 
 
 Since the underlying purpose of the writer plays an important part in the 
 selection and the arrangement of material for news stories, as well as in the 
 effect that stories produce upon readers, it deserves careful consideration in 
 the analysis of news stories. 
 
 Type of story. There are two general types of news stories: (1) the in- 
 formative news story, the chief aim of which is to give the facts of the news; 
 and (2) the feature or human interest story, the chief aim of which is to 
 take material of little or no news value and make it interesting. The funda- 
 mental difference between these two kinds of stories is the news value of the 
 contents. The presence or absence of so-called "human interest" is not the 
 basis of this classification, for informative news stories may be developed by 
 bringing out the human interest element in the news. 
 
 The informative news story may be one of two kinds: (1) the story the 
 chief purpose of which is to record the facts of the news without particular 
 regard to its effect upon the readers; and (2) the story that presents the facts 
 of the news in such a way as to produce a wholesome effect. 
 
 The purely informative news story usually presents the facts of the news 
 so that they can be grasped readily in rapid reading. Its length is determined 
 by the value of its news as measured by the ordinary standards of news 
 values. It may be made interesting by bringing out the human interest ele- 
 ment and by any literary device that is adapted to the subject. Usually it 
 has a summary lead. 
 
10 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 The informative story of the constructive type aims to interest the reader 
 in the significance of the facts of the news, and the length of the story, ac- 
 cordingly, is determined by the importance of the news from this point of 
 view. By bringing out the human interest element in the constructive type 
 of story, the writer is able to make the emotional appeal to the readers that 
 is particularly effective in accompHshing the purposes of this kind of story. 
 Stories of this type may or may not have a summary lead. 
 
 In the entertaining feature story that contains little or no news, the inter- 
 est hes entirely in the manner in which the facts are told. The hterary ability 
 of the writer is here tested to the utmost, for a story is read only so far as it 
 interests. The length of these stories, therefore, is determined by the writer's 
 success in sustaining the reader's interest. 
 
 News stories in method are (1) narrative, (2) descriptive, (3) expository, 
 or (4) any combination of these three forms of discourse. These forms are 
 often to be found combined in a single story. The reporter, for example, may 
 in one story narrate a series of incidents, describe the persons and places in- 
 volved, and explain causes, motives, and results. 
 
 In the purely informative news story that is narrative in form there is 
 little suspense, because the essential facts are usually summarized in the 
 beginning, or lead. In the narrative feature story, however, the interest is 
 frequently sustained by the same devices that are used in fiction. 
 
 Description in news stories may be either suggestive or detailed. In most 
 stories lack of space makes it impossible to do more than sketch briefly the 
 appearance of persons and objects by suggestive touches. In long stories, 
 however, when circumstances warrant it, descriptions may be given in con- 
 siderable detail. The purpose in both kinds of description should be to con- 
 vey to the reader impressions of sights, sounds, etc., as vivid as those the re- 
 porter himself experienced. 
 
 News stories are expository, as a whole or in part, whenever situations must 
 be made clear by explaining motives, causes, results, and other phases of the 
 news, or by summarizing the whole or a part of speeches, reports, etc. Such 
 exposition should always be as simple and lucid as possible. 
 
 Structure of the story. The structure of the news story is concerned with 
 (1) the beginning, or lead, and (2) the body of the story. The informative 
 story usually begins with a summary lead that answers the reader's ques- 
 tions Who? What? Where? When? Why? How? Thus the summary lead 
 includes the following details: (1) the persons, (2) the event, (3) the place, 
 (4) the time, (5) the cause, (6) the significant circumstances. Any one of 
 these elements of the news may be "featured" in the place of prominence at 
 
THE STUDY OF NEWS STORIES ii 
 
 the beginning of the story, although the time and the place are seldom played 
 up in this way. The story of entertainment or appeal, on the other hand, 
 usually avoids the summary lead by beginning in one of the ways common to 
 fictitious narratives. In its beginning, its effort to sustain suspense, and its 
 semblance of plot the human interest or feature story closely resembles the 
 short story. 
 
 In the body of the story the details follow a logical order. The arrangement 
 in narrative stories is usually chronological. Only such of the details sum- 
 marized in the lead are repeated in the body of the story as are needed for 
 clearness. Although it is well to round out stories in the last paragraph, the 
 ending does not receive so much attention as in other prose, because the 
 exigencies of "make-up" often necessitate the cutting off of the last para- 
 graph or two. 
 
 Literary style. The style of a news story is concerned with such elements 
 as (1) paragraphs, (2) sentences, (3) words; and with such qualities as (1) 
 clearness, (2) force, (3) animation, (4) humor, (5) pathos, (6) taste. 
 
 Analysis of paragraphs and sentences should include: (1) the length of the 
 paragraph and of the sentence; (2) the unity of thought in the sentence, and 
 the unity of topic in the paragraph; (3) the coherence, or connection between 
 the parts; and (4) the emphasis given to the important ideas by their position 
 in sentence and paragraph. 
 
 Because of the narrowness of the columns the newspaper paragraph must 
 be comparatively short to avoid appearing heavy and uninviting. The typi- 
 cal newspaper paragraph contains from 35 to 75 words, whereas the average 
 paragraph in ordinary prose is from 150 to 250 words in length. 
 
 In sentence length, and in paragraph and sentence unity and coherence, 
 the style of the news story does not differ from that of other prose. Involved 
 constructions, long periodic sentences, and similar rhetorical devices, how- 
 ever, have no place in journalistic writing, because they tend to prevent rapid 
 reading. 
 
 The emphasis given to an important point by placing it at the begin- 
 ning of a sentence or a paragraph, is a distinctive characteristic of newspaper 
 style, growing out of the fact that in rapid reading the eye catches impor- 
 tant points quickly if they occupy these initial positions. 
 
 Specific words in original combinations are always preferable to colorless, 
 general terms and trite phrases. Technical, scientific, and learned words 
 should be avoided unless fully explained. Slang and colloquial expressions 
 may be used when the tone of the story justifies them. 
 
 Clearness, which is essential to rapid reading, depends upon the arrange- 
 
12 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 ment, the connection, and the expression of ideas, and the student will do 
 well to analyze these essential factors in well-written stories. How brisk 
 movement and steady progress can be secured is also worthy of notice. 
 Humor and pathos are not infrequent in news stories, particularly in those of 
 the feature and human interest type. The student should observe how humor 
 may be effective without ridicule, buffoonery, or vulgarity, and how offensive 
 facts may be presented in news stories without violating the canons of good 
 taste. 
 
 Typographical style. Peculiarities in such details of typographical style 
 as abbreviation, capitalization, hyphenation, and the use of numerical figures 
 should be noted in each story and associated with the newspaper from which 
 the story was taken, for each paper has a typographical style of its own. One 
 style is as good as another, but it is essential that consistency be maintained. 
 
 The printing of significant facts in a box at the beginning or in the body of 
 a story, often in bold-face type, the method of arranging lists of dead and 
 injured, the forms for market reports, scores in sports, and similar details 
 should be carefully noted. 
 
 AN OUTLINE FOR THE ANALYSIS OF NEWS STORIES 
 
 NEWS VALUES 
 
 1. In what paper was the story published? 
 
 2. What are the policy and the character of the paper? 
 
 3. How widely does the paper circulate outside of the place in which it is pub- 
 lished? 
 
 4. Does the paper appeal to a particular class of readers? 
 
 5. Is the piece of news presented from the point of view of this class? 
 
 6. What, for the average reader, is the source of interest in the news contained 
 in the story? 
 
 7. How much would the news interest the average reader? Why? 
 
 8. Do you think that the news was worth more or less space than was given to it? 
 Why? 
 
 9. What more significant phases might have been played up or developed? 
 
 SOURCES OF NEWS 
 
 1. How did the news originate? 
 
 2. Where was the first record of it probably made? By whom? 
 
 3. What records and what persons may have been consulted in securing the news? 
 
 4. What reference books or material may have been used in getting or in verifying 
 the details of the story? 
 
 5. What other possible sources might have been consulted? 
 
THE STUDY OF NEWS STORIES 13 
 
 METHODS OF NEWS GATHERING 
 
 1. What evidence does the story give of the methods by which the news was ob- 
 tained? 
 
 2. Is there any evidence that the reporter or correspondent failed to get any of the 
 important details of the piece of news? 
 
 PURPOSE 
 
 1. Does the story seem to be fair and unbiased? 
 
 2. Is there evidence that any important facts were suppressed or that the story was 
 colored to conform to the policy of the paper? 
 
 3. Is the handhng of the news constructive or destructive in its effect? 
 
 4. What, if any, is the constructive purpose of the writer? 
 
 5. Is the story so treated as to tempt the reader to imitate anti-social acts? 
 
 TYPE OF STORY 
 
 1. Is the primary purpose of the story to inform or to entertain? 
 
 2. Is the story largely narrative and descriptive? Is it largely explanatory? Is it 
 largely direct or indirect quotation? 
 
 3. If the story is narrative in form, is the order chronological? 
 
 4. Is the narrative clear or confused? 
 
 5. Does the narrative move slowly or briskly? Why? 
 
 6. Are accounts of the event by participants or eye-witnesses used? If so, are these 
 accounts in direct or indirect quotation form? 
 
 7. Are remarks and conversation of participants and eye-witnesses given? 
 
 8. Is the description detailed or suggestive? Is it effective? Why? 
 
 9. Is there a striving for effect in the description? 
 
 10. If the story is that of a speech, report, etc., is the material arranged in logical 
 order? 
 
 11. Is much or little made of the personal, or human interest, element in the story 
 of the speech or the interview? 
 
 STRUCTURE OF THE STORY 
 
 1. Has the story a summary lead or an unconventional beginning? 
 
 2. Does the lead contain the essential facts concisely presented? 
 
 3. Is the most striking detail played up as the feature in the first group of words of 
 the opening sentence of the lead? 
 
 4. What other element in the news might have been featured in the lead? 
 
 5. Is the lead proportionate in length to the whole story? 
 
 6. How are the details arranged in the body of the story? 
 
 7. Is there any evidence that the story was cut down in making up the paper? 
 
 8. Are the paragraphs closely connected? 
 
 9. Is there unnecessary repetition in the story? 
 
 10. Could the arrangement of the details be improved? How? 
 
14 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 LITERARY STYLE OF THE STORY 
 Paragraphs 
 
 1. What is the average length of the paragraphs? 
 
 2. Are any of the paragraphs too long or too short? 
 
 3. Is each paragraph a unit? 
 
 4. Are the details well arranged and closely connected in the paragraphs? 
 
 5. Does the first group of words at the beginning of each paragraph attract the 
 reader as his eye glances down the story? 
 
 6. Could any of the paragraph beginnings be made more effective? How? 
 
 Sentences 
 
 1. What is the average length of the sentences? 
 
 2. Are any of the sentences too long or too short? 
 
 3. Is the construction of each sentence evident in rapid reading? 
 
 4. Is each sentence a unified expression of a closely related group of ideas? 
 
 5. Are the parts of the sentences combined in firm, closely knit construction? 
 
 6. Do the sentence beginnings attract the reader by the importance and the in- 
 terest of the ideas expressed in the first group of words? 
 
 7. Do any of the sentences trail off loosely into a succession of phrases and clauses? 
 
 8. Is there variety in sentence length and sentence construction? 
 
 Words 
 
 1. Is the style concise or wordy? 
 
 2. Is the diction original or hackneyed? 
 
 3. Is the style marked by many adjectives or by superlatives? 
 
 4. Are the verbs specific and forcible? 
 
 5. Is the diction too learned for the comprehension of the average rapid reader? 
 
 6. Are words used idiomatically and accurately? 
 
 7. Are slang and colloquial expressions found in the story? What is the effect of them? 
 
 8. Is the diction is keeping with the tone of the story? 
 
 Qualities op Style 
 
 1. Can the details of the story be easily comprehended in rapid reading; that is, is 
 the style comparatively simple? 
 
 2. Upon what does the general clearness of the story depend? 
 
 3. Is the movement slow or rapid? Why? 
 
 4. Is there any himior or pathos in the story? How is the humorous or the pathetic 
 effect secured? 
 
 5. Has the news possibiUties for humorous or pathetic treatment that are not de- 
 veloped? 
 
 6. Is the story in good taste? 
 
 TYPOGRAPHICAL STYLE 
 
 1. What are the peculiarities of abbreviation, capitalization, hyphenation, and use 
 of numerical figures? 
 
 2. Is the typographical style consistent throughout the story? 
 
 3 . Are any details of the story given prominence by typographical devices? If so, why? 
 
CHAPTER III 
 
 FIRES AND ACCIDENTS 
 
 Type of story. Many newspaper reports of fires and accidents may be con- 
 sidered as typical examples of narrative and descriptive news stories of the 
 purely informative type. The essential facts of the news are presented in a 
 simple, direct, concise manner without any attempt to give the story any 
 greater interest for the reader than the facts themselves possess. Such a fire 
 story is that of the "Large Tannery Fire" (p. 16) and such an accident 
 story is that entitled "Automobile and Car Collide" (p. 24). 
 
 When human life is involved in these events, some newspaper writers take 
 advantage of the opportunity to add to the interest by developing the per- 
 sonal, or human interest, elements of the news in the informative type of 
 story, while at the same time presenting the facts fully and accurately. 
 Accident stories of this type are those headed "Entombed Miners" (p. 38) 
 and "Baby Drowns" (p. 42). 
 
 Less important fires and accidents that might otherwise go unnoticed, or 
 be dismissed with a few lines, may have in them some element that lends it- 
 self to the feature, or human interest, treatment. A small fire story of this 
 type is found on p. 19; a humorous feature story of an accident is that of the 
 " Child in a Runaway " (p. 25) ; and a pathetic human interest story is that of 
 the "Boy Killed by Car" (p. 25). 
 
 Purpose. Stories of fires and accidents, particularly when such occurrences 
 result in fatalities, may be written so as to be either constructive or destruc- 
 tive in their influence upon readers. The constructive effect lies in emphasis 
 upon those elements that tend (1) to turn the reader's attention to preventive 
 measures, (2) to create sympathy for the victims, or (3) to inspire admiration 
 for heroism or other virtues. Stories that give prominence to immediate 
 or underlying causes and responsibility in cases of fires and accidents, as well 
 as to possible preventive measures, have a helpful effect. Stories that create 
 sympathy for victims deserving of aid generally result in prompt offers of 
 relief. Examples of constructive stories are those entitled "Fire in Stables" 
 (p. 18), "Lodging House Fire " (p. 21), and "Runaway" (p. 22). The story 
 that aims to satisfy readers' interest in ghastly and sensational phases of 
 fatal fires and accidents panders to a morbid curiosity and inevitably 
 
i6 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 has an unwholesome influence, even though the facts that it presents are 
 true. 
 
 Treatment of material. All types of fire and accident stories give oppor- 
 tunity for spirited narrative and vivid description. Possible means for lend- 
 ing life and interest to the narrative include accounts of the disaster, either 
 in direct or indirect quotation form, as secured by interviews with survivors 
 and eye-witnesses, and conversation between persons involved. 
 
 Contents of story. Among the important details to be considered in analyz- 
 ing stories of unexpected occurrences, such as fires and accidents, are: (1) 
 number of hves lost; (2) number of fives endangered; (3) names of dead and 
 injured; (4) prominent persons and places involved; (5) character and extent 
 of damage; (6) property threatened with damage or destruction; (7) cause 
 and responsibility; (8) investigations; (9) preventive measures against recur- 
 rence of event; (10) probable or actual effects; (11) pecufiar and unusual 
 circumstances; (12) humorous and pathetic incidents. Almost any gne of 
 these details may be the feature of the story, and as such may be played up 
 in the lead. The space and prominence given to each of these details are 
 determined by its relative news value. 
 
 LARGE TANNERY FIRE 
 
 Boston Transcript 
 
 Following an explosion of fuel oil, fire 
 spread like a flash through the plant of the 
 George C. Vaughn Sole Leather Tannery on 
 Upper Bridge street, Salem, shortly before 
 noon today and destroyed three large 
 buildings and a power house, with a loss 
 estimated from $325,000 to $350,000, cov- 
 ered by insurance. Many times the flames 
 leaped to the neighboring wooden struc- 
 tures that surround the plant, but by the 
 efforts of the entire Salem fire department, 
 assisted by men and apparatus from Bev- 
 erly, Peabody and Marblehead, a conflagra- 
 tion was narrowly averted. 
 
 More than a quarter million dollars' 
 worth of sole leather was stored on the 
 premises. A. J. Vaughn, president of the 
 company, said after the fire that $200,000 
 worth of new stock had recently been re- 
 ceived and that the old stock, machinery 
 and buildings were worth $150,000 in ad- 
 dition, bringing the total loss to $350,000. 
 
 The fire,'which broke out at 11.15 A. M. 
 in the basement of the main tannery build- 
 ing, spread so quickly that the employees 
 at work on the upper floors had difficulty in 
 escaping to the street. Even before the 
 first alarm had been sent in, the advancing 
 flames reached a large tank of oil, used 
 for fuel in the power house. A heavy ex- 
 plosion followed and the fire gained irre- 
 sistible headway, since the power house 
 stood in the centre of the plant and was 
 flanked on three sides by the tanning 
 houses. 
 
 Unable to check the flames in the plant, 
 the firemen bent their energy to keep the 
 fire from spreading. Calls for assistance 
 sent to the surrounding towns met quick 
 response, and by 12.30 the blaze was un- 
 der control. 
 
 The buildings of the plant comprised a 
 two-story stone tannery, 200 feet long; a 
 single-story drying and rolling house, built 
 of wood, with a frontage of 150 feet; and a 
 beam house, also of wood, with a frontage 
 of 125 feet. They were grouped on three 
 
FIRES AND ACCIDENTS 
 
 17 
 
 sides of a square surrounding the power 
 house. The plant was formerly known as 
 the F. A. Lord tannery, but was enlarged 
 and remodelled after its purchase by the 
 George C. Vaughn Company. 
 
 UNIVERSITY BUILDING BURNS 
 
 New York Times 
 
 Three important collections of books 
 and documents, two of which were held 
 by their owners to be priceless, since they 
 represented the lifework of the collectors, 
 were destroyed in the fire which swept 
 through the superstructure of the uncom- 
 pleted University Hall on the Columbia 
 University campus early yesterday morn- 
 ing. 
 
 While the &e was burning, between 1 
 and 2 o'clock, the interest of the student 
 body was centred principally in the gym- 
 nasium, where there was a grand piano and 
 much apparatus to be saved, and in the 
 rooms of the Columbia University crew, 
 where there were many trophies, oars, and 
 banners. 
 
 In the rush to save athletic trophies, the 
 documents in rooms near by were over- 
 looked. They were finally pitched out of 
 the windows by firemen cleaning up after 
 the fire, and they were made up into three 
 great rubbish heaps on the lawns about the 
 burned building. 
 
 Before these rubbish heaps a Professor 
 of Mathematics and a Professor of Ger- 
 manic History stood yesterday with tears 
 in their eyes, their shirtsleeves rolled up 
 for work. They toiled through the debris 
 looking for personal papers and for notes 
 and documents which they said regretfully 
 they feared they could never replace. 
 
 The collections destroyed included all 
 the personal library on the history of 
 Germanic civilization brought to this 
 country by Dr. Ernst Richard, Professor of 
 Germanic History. With Dr. Richard's 
 documents went his personal notes, which 
 he had gathered in a lifetime of study. 
 While he stood over the rubbish pile in 
 front of the window of what had been his 
 office, Dr. F. N. Cole, Professor of Mathe- 
 
 matics, searched another big rubbish pile 
 near by. 
 
 Dr. Cole also contemplated his loss with 
 deep sorrow. In the pile before him were 
 all the official documents and records of the 
 American Mathematical Association, which 
 had its headquarters in the building. Dr. 
 Cole was its Secretary, and he had moved 
 the documents from East Hall two years 
 ago because he feared that East Hall might 
 burn, while University Hall, except for the 
 temporary superstructure, was fireproof. 
 
 The documents had been accumulating 
 since the association was founded. The 
 files of the first ten volumes of its publica- 
 tion, the American Mathematical Society's 
 Bulletin, were destroyed together with the 
 stock collection of copies of all subsequent 
 volumes. All of Dr. Cole's personal papers 
 were destroyed with the society's papers. 
 
 The fire, which apparently originated in 
 the kitchens behind the Commons eating 
 quarters on the main floor, swept through 
 wooden partitions separating various of- 
 fices on that floor, and through a temporary 
 wooden roof which had been put on against 
 the time when seven more stories should 
 be built. 
 
 As the lower floors, which were part of 
 the permanent structure, were fireproof, 
 the flames did not work down through 
 them, but died out when they had con- 
 sumed the temporary superstructure. The 
 gymnasium on the lower floor was un- 
 harmed, except by water, and the swim- 
 ming pool below it was ready for use yester- 
 day. 
 
 The offices on the upper floor which were 
 destroyed included the headquarters of 
 The Columbia Spectator, The Jester, the 
 Prison Reform Association, and the Ameri- 
 can Mathematical Association, the rooms 
 of the Columbia Crew, the Commons 
 Restaurant, and the offices of the depart- 
 ments of mathematics and Germanic his- 
 tory. 
 
 The athletic trophies in University Hall, 
 it turned out, were of only minor value, 
 having been won at training bouts on the 
 Harlem River. The rich trophies of the 
 university were kept in another building 
 with fireproof walls and floors. 
 
i8 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 E. Stagg Whitin, Secretary of the Pri- 
 son Reform Association, joined the down- 
 hearted group early in the afternoon. 
 "What will Thomas Mott Osborne say 
 when he hears of this," he remarked, as he 
 looked over the debris that had been notes 
 and documents. "All our work was here," 
 he said, "all the fruits of our years of in- 
 vestigation. And there was even material 
 we intended to use in a lawsuit against 
 some Connecticut prison labor contrac- 
 tors. 
 
 "I don't see how we can replace what 
 we have lost. The reports of our investi- 
 gators made up a good part of it. We 
 spent our funds preparing this material, 
 and the only way we can replace it is 
 to raise another fund to do it all over 
 again." 
 
 The ruin of University Hall's super- 
 structure was not permitted to repose even 
 an hour. Dean Frederick Goetze, the uni- 
 versity Controller, who drove in by auto- 
 mobile from Orient, L. I., on hearing of the 
 fire, had wagons loaded with lumber on the 
 Campus before the firemen were through 
 tearing out the embers. He had 150 men 
 at work before noon rebuilding the roof, 
 and had orders placed for all material to 
 replace the offices. He notified the gjTn- 
 nasium instructors that they might hold 
 classes as usual on Monday, and posted a 
 notice to students that meals would be 
 served as usual in the Commons Monday 
 noon. 
 
 A special announcement which pleased 
 university oarsmen was that their annual 
 dinner, scheduled for Oct. 21, could be 
 held in the gjTiinasium. Invitations to 
 1,000 former students had been accepted, 
 and' postponement would have robbed 
 the oarsmen of the rowing season's great 
 event. 
 
 Coach Jim Rice ordered the rowing 
 squads to report on Monday for barge 
 work on the Hudson, remarking that real 
 rowing was better than work on the ma- 
 chines in the gymnasium. 
 
 The loss on the building was officially 
 placed at "less than $100,000," which, it 
 was said, was fully covered by insur- 
 ance. 
 
 FIRE IN STABLES 
 
 Boston Transcript 
 
 Fire that partly destroyed the Thornton 
 Stables, a five-story brick building at 85 to 
 95 West Mifihn street this morning, has 
 aroused Mayor Curley to the immediate 
 necessity of legislation to enable the city 
 to raze buildings, without the fear of re- 
 sultant liability, when such buildings have 
 been condemned by the building depart- 
 ment. He will ask the incoming Legisla- 
 ture for such a law. 
 
 For sixteen years the West Mifflin street 
 building had been regarded as one of the 
 worst firetraps in the city, according to the 
 mayor. In 1898 it was condemned and an 
 order was issued by the fire commissioner 
 forbidding firemen to enter the building in 
 case of fire. During these years the build- 
 ing was constantly under inspection by both 
 the fire and building departments, and why 
 it was not ordered vacated has not been 
 explained. The walls were shored up, or 
 strengthened by iron rods, as the foundation 
 had settled, and yet the firemen realized 
 that, once a fire got under way, the walls 
 would not last long, as their thickness was 
 about eight inches. 
 
 Before the fire was extinguished today, 
 Mayor Cm-ley and Building Commissioner 
 O'Hearn visited the scene and discussed 
 with Fire Commissioner Grady and Chief 
 McDonough the dangers that exist in 
 other buildings throughout the city which 
 have been condemned but which are still 
 occupied and are regarded as a particular 
 menace in case of fire. The party looked 
 over the surrounding property, and the 
 Building Commissioner pointed out three 
 buildings on the same street and practically 
 adjoining the stables that were being torn 
 down on his orders. These were ramshackle 
 buildings that had been fire menaces for 
 years. It was the prevailing opinion that if 
 the stable fire had got under greater head- 
 way when discovered, and if a heavy wind 
 had prevailed, the best efforts of the fire- 
 men could not have prevented a serious 
 spread of the flames. The buUdings on the 
 southerly side of the stables are all of wood, 
 and the flames would have had little dif- 
 
FIRES AND ACCIDENTS 
 
 19 
 
 ficulty, had they got beyond the control of 
 the firemen, in sweeping over the site of one 
 removed building to those of most inflam- 
 mable nature used as lodging-houses. 
 
 Mayor Curley directed Fire Commis- 
 sioner Grady to prepare a list of buildings 
 of sufficiently dangerous fire risks to war- 
 rant orders from headquarters forbidding 
 the firemen entering them in case of fire. 
 That there are many such buildings in 
 various parts of the city of substantial pro- 
 portions was admitted. The fire commis- 
 sioner declared that he had received a le- 
 gal opinion that the city is not justified 
 in tearing down buildings which have been 
 condemned, unless the owner or owners 
 give their consent. The city has author- 
 ity, however, to vacate buildings. Section 
 four, Chapter 550 of the Acts of 1907, pro- 
 vides that the building commissioner, or 
 one of his inspectors, shall inspect every 
 building which he has reason to believe is 
 unsafe or dangerous to life, limb or adjoin- 
 ing buildings, and, if he finds it unsafe or 
 dangerous, shall notify the owner to secure 
 the building, and shall affix in a conspicu- 
 ous place on its walls a notice of its danger- 
 ous condition. "The commissioner may, 
 with the written approval of the mayor, 
 order any building which in his opinion is 
 unsafe to be vacated forthwith," in the 
 words of the law. 
 
 Fifty buildings have already been con- 
 denmed this year. Many of them have 
 been removed, but in every case the owners 
 have consented to the removal. The build- 
 ing commissioner sends his lists of con- 
 demned buildings to the City Council, 
 which gives hearings on the appeal. There 
 is a long list of such buildings now pend- 
 ing before the council, and the mayor will 
 go before that body at its next meeting and 
 urge that the list be given immediate atten- 
 tion. 
 
 The law department has handled two 
 hundred egress cases for the building de- 
 partment in the last two years. Assistant 
 Corporation Counsel Edward T. McGet- 
 trick having full charge, and in not a single 
 case has the department been obliged to 
 vacate after the bill in equity has been filed 
 in court. Most of these cases, however, are 
 
 of lodging-houses, the owners preferring to 
 obey orders in providing sufficient fire- 
 escapes rather than fight the case in the 
 courts 
 
 SMALL FIRE 
 
 Savannah News 
 
 A tiny, golden-throated canary bird was 
 the hero of a midnight fire in the lobby of 
 the Geiger Hotel on Broughton street last 
 night. 
 
 It was due to the bird that the attaches 
 of the hotel investigated and found a blaze 
 in the wall caused by a defective flue in the 
 rear of the cigar stand cases. The loss will 
 amount to between $500 and $600. The 
 bird hangs in a cage near the cigar stand. 
 About 11:30 o'clock S. D. MacMartin 
 noticed it suddenly wake from its sleep and 
 flutter noisily about the cage. He thought 
 a cat w^as attempting to get the bird and 
 made an investigation. He climbed on a 
 chair and a puff of smoke and a blaze shot 
 towards him. 
 
 A telephone alarm was sent immediately 
 to fire headquarters, and Chemical Com- 
 pany No. 1 answered. They extinguished 
 the blaze in a short time. It was necessary 
 to chop away the partition, and the cigar 
 stand and cases were moved into the lobby 
 of the hotel from the wall. The o-^Tier of 
 the stand stated that his loss would be con- 
 siderable. 
 
 With all the excitement in the lobby 
 none of the guests in the hotel was awak- 
 ened. 
 
 LIVES LOST IN FIRE 
 
 Chicago Tribune 
 
 A careless electrician, a gas pocket in 
 a fireproof vault, a stab of flame from 
 a blown- out fuse — and a deadly "sane 
 Fourth" argument for a city which has 
 ceased to need one. 
 
 Such, in brief, was the story read by 
 Coroner Hoffman and other official in- 
 vestigators yesterday in the ruins of the 
 Pain Fireworks Display company's plant 
 
20 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 at 1320 Wabash avenue, after an explosion 
 of the $5,000 stock of cannon crackers, 
 torpedoes, roman candles, sk5Tockets, and 
 pyrotechnical set pieces had wrecked the 
 firm's own building and rocked adjoining 
 structures. 
 
 The electrician, upon whom the authori- 
 ties are inclined to put the blame, was 
 Joseph Johnson, employed in the fire 
 sprinkler department of the American 
 District Telegraph company. 
 
 Johnson was one of five persons trapped 
 in the building and killed. Late in the after- 
 noon the bodies of the other four victims — 
 H. B. Thearle, president of the company; 
 Miss Florence Hill, his personal secretary; 
 Edward Connors, a salesman; and R. H. 
 Wolff, the stockman — had been recovered, 
 but Johnson's was not found until night. 
 
 The explosion — or rather the explosions, 
 for there were three or four of them at half 
 second intervals — occurred shortly before 
 11 o'clock in the morning. Mr. Thearle was 
 sitting at his desk in the middle of the 
 building, a deep, narrow, one story struc- 
 ture of concrete and steel. At his side was 
 Miss Hill, taking dictation in shorthand. 
 Connors was busy at an adjoining desk. 
 
 Wolff, the stockkeeper, was in the rear 
 part of the basement, in which most of the 
 company's stock was stored. At the front 
 end of the basement two electricians were 
 at work — Johnson and Michael J. Calla- 
 han, his foreman. The job on which the 
 electricians were employed centered in the 
 Coca Cola building, adjoining the Pain 
 plant, in which an outfit of automatic 
 sprinklers was being installed. 
 
 Duty called Callahan into the Coca 
 Cola building just in time to save his life. 
 A minute after the foreman electrician had 
 walked out the front door, Thomas BjTnes, 
 sales manager for the fireworks company, 
 stepped into the alley at the rear of the 
 buUding. He had taken only a few steps 
 when there was a flash and a roar and his 
 feet shot from under him. 
 
 As Byrnes fell, a body came sailing out 
 into the alley. It stopped short against 
 one of the pillars of the south side "L" 
 structure, which runs through the alley, 
 and Johnny Costello, the Pain office boy, 
 
 let out a yell of terror. The ^ell was his 
 last for several hours, for he immediately 
 lost consciousness. 
 
 At the Wabash avenue end of the build- 
 ing other things were happening. With 
 the first explosion the big plate glass win- 
 dow disappeared and a mountain of flame 
 burst into the street. The street car tracks 
 were clear for a hundred yards north and 
 south, except for which fact, it is believed, 
 there would have been many more killed 
 and injured. 
 
 The flame rolled across the street and 
 scorched the front of the building of the 
 Howe Scale companj^ all the windows of 
 which had been shaken out by the explo- 
 sion. On the heels of the dissipated flame 
 mountain a pillar of smoke several hun- 
 dred feet in height rolled out of the Pain 
 building. 
 
 Columns of flame and smoke climbed 
 through holes in the fireworks store which 
 marked the places where two big skylights 
 had been, and an instant later a dozen 
 shutters on the north wall of the Coca Cola 
 building were afire, and panic-stricken 
 employes, many of them girls, were racing 
 for the south fire escapes. 
 
 Firemen responding to a 4-11 alarm 
 found the bodies of Mr. Thearle, Miss Hill, 
 and Connors just inside the front door, 
 all badly burned. Hours later the body of 
 Wolff was found in the rear of the base- 
 ment. It was after nightfall when firemen, 
 working in the glare of a searchlight, took 
 Johnson's body from the ruins. 
 
 By that time the building had been 
 carefully inspected — and it was regarded 
 as a tribute to the strength of its rein- 
 forced concrete construction that there 
 was any of it left to inspect — by Coroner 
 Hoffman, J. C. O'Donnell, chief of the 
 bureau of fire prevention and public safety, 
 and investigators for the new municipal 
 department of public service. All were of 
 the opinion that Johnson was responsible 
 for the explosion, but the blame will not be 
 definitely placed until Monday, when a 
 jury impaneled on the spot by Coroner 
 Hoffman will hold an inquest. 
 
 O'Donnell, who is third assistant fire 
 marshal, planned to combine his investi- 
 
FIRES AND ACCIDENTS 
 
 21 
 
 gation with the coroner's. He was satis- 
 fied, he said, that the Pain company had 
 taken all reasonable precautions and that 
 favorable reports made on the place by 
 inspectors of his bureau had been justified 
 by conditions. 
 
 The building had been specially con- 
 structed for the storage of fireworks, and 
 had been occupied by the company, for- 
 merly located in the loop, for three years. 
 The basement had been divided into three 
 sections by stout partitions, in much the 
 same way that bulkheads are built into a 
 ship. Into each of the partitions was set a 
 steel door. But there had been no time to 
 close the doors. 
 
 " The Pain people thought they were 
 absolutely protected against accidents," 
 said O'Donnell. "This goes to prove there 
 is no such thing as absolute protection when 
 explosives are being handled." 
 
 LODGING HOUSE FIRE 
 
 New York World 
 
 The lives of six persons who died in a 
 lodging house fire at No. 1516 Eighth 
 avenue early yesterday morning, might 
 have been saved if orders issued by the Fire 
 Department last May 27 had been obeyed, 
 says a report which J. O. Hammitt, Chief 
 of the Bureau of Fire Prevention, made late 
 yesterday to Commissioner Robert Adam- 
 son. 
 
 Five of the dead persons were identified 
 as Bernard Lynde, thirty-five, a laborer; 
 Edward J. Ryan, thirty -five, a lunchman; 
 Louis Detter, fifty-three, a laborer; a man 
 named Hagan, about fifty; and John Cut- 
 ter, eighty-four, a laborer. The sixth man 
 was unidentified. 
 
 There were sixty-five men registered in 
 the hotel when Peter Kelly, a watchman, 
 saw the smoke and gave an alarm. Sergt. 
 John Butler of the Salvage Corps ran to the 
 roof of a neighboring building and assisted 
 fifteen of the men to safety. 
 
 Lieut. Reed of Hook and Ladder No. 
 12, and Hugh Bonner, the son of the ex- 
 Chief, mounted extension ladders to the top 
 floor and assisted many more to the ground. 
 
 Three bodies were found on the third, and 
 three on the top floor. 
 
 Coroner Healy and Fire Marshal Prial 
 believed that the fire was caused by a care- 
 less smoker. 
 
 Following the issuance of the report, it 
 was announced that an investigation would 
 be made by the District-Attorney's oflSce 
 to determine whether anyone could be held 
 responsible for the loss of life. 
 
 The orders were for the enclosure of an 
 unenclosed stairway, up which the fire 
 spread, and for the installation of an in- 
 terior fire alarm system. Both orders had 
 been turned over to the legal department 
 for enforcement, and work on the stairway 
 enclosure was in progress the day before 
 the fire. Plans for the fire alarm system 
 were approved Oct. 22. 
 
 Mr. Hammitt stated that the day before 
 the fire an inspector learned that the direct 
 communication of the lodging house with 
 fire headquarters had been cut and ordered 
 its restoration. The report says that Peter 
 Loos, the proprietor, called at fire head- 
 quarters at 9 o'clock and said that the com- 
 munication had not been re-established 
 because it was the work of the landlord, but 
 that there had been a fire in which "three 
 persons were slightly injured." According 
 to Mr. Hammitt, Edward Brown is the 
 owner of the building. 
 
 CAUSE OF FIRE 
 
 New Yorh Times 
 
 A glowing match, carelessly tossed into 
 a baby carriage standing in the hall, is be- 
 lieved to have started the fire in which 
 thirteen persons lost their lives in the three- 
 story tenement house in the rear of 986 
 North Sixth Street, Williamsburg, as told 
 in The Times yesterday. Poor lighting in 
 the hallways may have been an indirect 
 cause of the fire, according to Tenement 
 House Commissioner John J. Murphy. 
 
 As in more than 2,000 structures in the 
 city. Commissioner Murphy said, kerosene 
 lamps were used to light the halls. Often 
 the lights go out or are turned out by 11 
 o'clock, so that persons who go into the 
 
22 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 buildings later are forced to strike matches 
 to find their way. It probably was a match 
 struck in this way that started the fire. 
 
 After an inspection of the district about 
 ten days ago all the property owners were 
 warned that they must keep their lights 
 lighted, according to the law. The inspec- 
 tion disclosed that about 70 per cent, of the 
 houses were poorly lighted. 
 
 "Prosecutions for violations of the law 
 relating to lighting are almost without ex- 
 ception in vain," Commissioner Murphy 
 told a Times reporter yesterday, "Jf the 
 owners are taken to court, they say that 
 the Ughts went out, or were blown out. The 
 reason for the law is primarily to see that 
 the means of exit are hghted. The danger 
 from matches used to light the way had 
 not been thought so great." 
 
 Except with regard to lighting, possi- 
 bly, the burned tenement complied with 
 all the provisions of the law, the officials 
 said. The fire escapes were as prescribed, 
 and it was due to excitement on the part of 
 the occupants that they did not use them 
 instead of trying to go down the stairs. 
 Only one of the windows opening to fire 
 escapes was found broken. 
 
 All of the victims were suffocated by 
 smoke. Five were members of the famUy 
 of Michael Blund, and two others were 
 boarders with him ; three were members of 
 the family of Michael Lenko, all of whom 
 lived on the top floor. John Whatso and 
 his wife and an unidentified man who 
 boarded with them were found on the sec- 
 ond floor. 
 
 The house was occupied by six families, 
 two on each floor. It is owned by John 
 Korno, a banker, of 667 Grand Street, who 
 owns several other tenement houses in the 
 neighborhood. As told in late editions of 
 yesterday's Times, flames were seen shoot- 
 ing out of the windows by a passerby, who 
 turned in an alarm. The firemen, when 
 they arrived, found it difficult work, so 
 excited was the crowd in front of the burn- 
 ing building. 
 
 The interior of the building was scarcely 
 touched by fire. Several of the bodies were 
 lightly scorched, but it was apparent that 
 suffocation had caused the deaths. On one 
 
 of the floors the tenants had opened the 
 door and left it open creating a draft. Ap- 
 parently all of the victims had been asleep 
 when the fire started. 
 
 Commissioner Adamson, Fire Chief 
 Kenlon, Fire Marshal Brophy, Deputy 
 Tenement House Commissioner Hickey, 
 Assistant District Attorney Wilson, Cap- 
 tain Shaw of the Homicide Squad of the 
 Police Department and Coroner Wagner 
 made investigations. At first it was thought 
 that the fire was of incendiary origin, and 
 the theory was that it had been started by 
 one of Korno's tenants who had been 
 evicted. The officials were hampered in 
 their investigation because most of the 
 tenants were foreigners and could not 
 speak English. 
 
 RUNAWAY 
 
 New York Evening Post 
 
 Dragged from his own horse while trying 
 to stop a runaway in Central Park this 
 afternoon. Mounted Patrolman Stephen 
 Dowling, although thrown under the 
 wheels of a light carriage, jumped to his 
 feet, remounted his horse, and, after a chase 
 of ten blocks, caught and stopped the 
 other animal. His uniform was torn and 
 he received contusions about the body, 
 but he remained on duty throughout the 
 day. The runaway horse was attached to a 
 hght runabout, driven by a man and 
 woman, who said they were Mr. and Mrs. 
 A. R. Hamilton of No. 775 West Ninety- 
 fifth Street. 
 
 They were driving slowly on the West 
 Drive when, at Ninetieth Street, the bit 
 broke and the animal bolted. Dowling saw 
 the runaway and pursued it on liis o\^ti 
 horse, which overtook the fleeing animal 
 at One Hundred and Sixth Street. 
 
 Because of the broken bit it was impos- 
 sible to stop the running horse by catching 
 the bridle, so Dowhng leaned far out and 
 wrapped his arms around the neck of the 
 runaway. He clung in this manner for a 
 few minutes, and then, his own horse 
 shying, he was dragged from the saddle 
 and fell directly beneath the wheels of the 
 
FIRES AND ACCIDENTS 
 
 23 
 
 runabout. Two wheels passed over his 
 chest. 
 
 Although dazed and bruised, Dowling 
 jumped to his feet and caught his horse, 
 which stood near, mounted and set off at a 
 gallop after the Hamilton rig. 
 
 At One Hundred and Sixteenth Street the 
 runaway swerved and the light carriage 
 was thrown against a truck. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Hamilton were thrown out but escaped 
 with a few slight bruises. Dowling had al- 
 most caught up when this occurred. He 
 halted long enough to see that the man 
 and woman were not injured and then 
 started after the running horse. Near One 
 Hundred and Seventeenth' Street he was 
 even with the animal and again leaned over 
 and wrapped his arms around the horse's 
 neck. This time his own horse did its share 
 of the work, and Bowling's weight soon 
 told on the runaway, which stopped within 
 half a block. 
 
 "Just in the day's work," said Dowling, 
 when he was congratulated. 
 
 AUTOMOBILE COLLISION 
 
 Boston Herald 
 
 Tossed into a blazing pool of gasoline 
 when two touring cars collided and the gas 
 tank of one exploded, Miss Alice Gushing, 
 22, of Nahant, and Percy Mason of 765 
 Washington street, Lynn, were probably 
 fatally burned at 8 o'clock last night on the 
 Nahant road at Little Nahant. 
 
 Walter Hanley of 11 Moore street, 
 Swampscott, was hurled 30 feet with his 
 clothing a mass of flames, but saved his own 
 life by plunging into the surf and extin- 
 guishing the fire about him. Ten other pas- 
 sengers in the machines were bruised and 
 shaken up, but were able to return home 
 after medical attention. 
 
 The accident happened opposite Wilson 
 road, when a seven passenger touring car 
 in which were Mr. and Mrs. J. Fred Farley 
 of Danvers, their three children, Richard, 
 Fred and Helen Farley, and Mrs. Farley's 
 mother, Mrs. O. B. Merton of Danvers, 
 turned abruptly to one side to go down 
 upon the beach. It was struck from behind 
 
 by a public touring car operated by Hanley 
 and containing six passengers. 
 
 Hanley's machine ploughed into the rear 
 of the Farley car, tearing a hole in the 
 gasoline tank. The lamps ignited the gaso- 
 line and an explosion followed which sent 
 several gallons of burning fluid upon the 
 road. 
 
 It was into this that Miss Gushing and 
 Mason fell when they were thrown from 
 the public machine by the impact. The 
 young woman was made unconscious by 
 the fall and was lying helpless in the centre 
 of the fire when she was rescued with con- 
 siderable difficulty by H. G. Wilcox of 
 Beverly, who was driving by on the road. 
 He rolled her in an automobile robe and, 
 after extinguishing the flames, took her to 
 the Lynn Hospital. There it was said there 
 was practically no chance of her recovery. 
 She was burned from head to foot and had 
 inhaled much of the flames. 
 
 Mason was rescued by Dr. Newton A. 
 Stone of Somerville, a Cambridge dentist, 
 who heard the explosion and saw the glare 
 of flames while driving in his machine 
 farther down the road. He put out the fire 
 about Mason with auto robes, assisted by 
 the passengers of the public machine who 
 had recovered from their shock. The dentist 
 worked over him while another man drove 
 his machine to Union Hospital, Lynn. 
 Mason's burns were so severe that his 
 name was immediately placed on the danger 
 list. 
 
 In the excitement which followed the 
 wreck, it was believed that Hanley, the 
 driver of the public car, had been burned 
 alive. A half-hour later, however, he was 
 discovered in a cottage off Wilson road. 
 His clothing was ignited by the explosion, 
 and he was hurled over the road upon the 
 sand, his clothes a mass of flames. 
 
 He had to run toward the surf, but was 
 seriously biu-ned before he could reach the 
 water, some 50 yards away. After he had 
 extinguished the flames himself, he made 
 his way to a cottage and sank exhausted on 
 the piazza. Later he was removed to Lynn 
 Hospital, where it was stated his bums were 
 serious, but probably would not prove 
 fatal. He was burned about the face and 
 
24 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 upper part of the body and the flames had 
 entered his mouth, burning his tongue and 
 throat. 
 
 Before the Nahant fire department could 
 reach the scene both automobiles were de- 
 stroyed. The Farley machine had been 
 badly wrecked by the collision and the 
 public car was telescoped. In the latter 
 machine were Mr. and Mrs. Frank Hartley 
 of Lynn, Arthur Wright of Fiske avenue, 
 L3Tin, and Leo Sale of Lynn, besides those 
 who were burned. They were all more or 
 less bruised. 
 
 The Farley party narrowly escaped 
 being burned and were cut and bruised 
 when they were thrown from their seats. 
 Mrs. Farley told the police that she held 
 up her hand to signal the other machine as 
 her husband turned his auto toward the 
 beach. Hanley was in no condition to dis- 
 cuss the accident. He is said to have been 
 driving at about 18 miles an hour. 
 
 Miss Cushing lived on Willow road, 
 Nahant, and was employed as a waitress 
 in the Colonial Caf6, Nahant. Mason 
 roomed at 765 Washington street, Lynn, 
 and for many j'ears was a resident of Pea- 
 body. He was employed in a Nahant res- 
 taurant. 
 
 Mr. Farley is a machine manufacturer in 
 Danvers. 
 
 AUTOMOBILE AND CAR 
 COLLIDE 
 
 New York Tribune 
 
 George C. Hurlbut, the aged librarian 
 of the American Geological Society, and 
 his daughter, Miss Ilione Hurlbut, were 
 seriously injured last night in a collision 
 between the automobile in which they were 
 riding and a surface car in the 86th street 
 transverse road in Central Park. Father 
 and daughter were removed to the Presby- 
 terian Hospital, where it was said that the 
 skull of each was fractured. Miss Hurl- 
 but's right arm was broken. Both were 
 unconscious when they were received at the 
 hospital, and it was said they could not re- 
 cover. 
 
 Mr. Hurlbut lives at No. 560 West End 
 
 avenue and is seventy years old. His 
 daughter, Ilione, is thirty-five years old and 
 is his assistant in his work. Yesterday 
 afternoon they engaged William Agg, of 
 86th street and Broadway, to take them 
 for a drive in the Fifth avenue section, 
 saying they would afterward have him 
 drop them at No. 106 West 55th street, 
 where they intended to have their Christ- 
 mas dinner with William Hurlbut, a nephew 
 of Mr. Hurlbut. 
 
 Agg started toward Fifth avenue by 
 way of the transverse road. Less than half 
 of the distance to Fifth avenue had been 
 covered when he heard a westboimd car ap- 
 proaching. The automobile was at that 
 moment opposite the Park Department 
 workshops. Agg attempted to turn out, 
 but the slippery road and rails caused the 
 rear wheels of the automobile to skid. Both 
 the car and the automobile were travelling 
 at a rapid rate, and the front of the car 
 struck the body of the machine, overturn- 
 ing it. Before the motorman could bring 
 his car to a stop the automobile had been 
 crumpled up like cardboard, and the aged 
 librarian and his daughter lay unconscious 
 among the wreckage. Agg had saved him- 
 self by jumping before the car struck the 
 machine. 
 
 The car was crowded, and there was 
 intense excitement among the passengers, 
 who were shaken up and struck by flpng 
 glass. Policeman Talt heard the noise 
 made by the collision and immediately 
 telephoned for an ambulance. Before it 
 arrived, however, a passing automobile was 
 pressed into service, and the injiu-ed man 
 and woman were placed in it and hurried to 
 the Presbyterian Hospital. 
 
 Lieutenant Arnett, of the Arsenal sta- 
 tion, ordered the arrest of the motorman of 
 the car, James Gannon, of No. 419 Third 
 avenue, and Agg, who Uves at No. 160 
 Manhattan avenue. 
 
 Mr. Hurlbut has been the librarian of 
 the American Geological Society, at No. 15 
 West 81st street, for twenty-five years, and 
 is considered the foremost authority on that 
 class of work in this country. He was bom 
 at Charleston, S. C, about seventy years 
 ago, and before he came here was engaged 
 
FIRES AND ACCIDENTS 
 
 25 
 
 in geological study and writing in San 
 Francisco and was president of the Mer- 
 cantile Library. 
 
 The library of the American Geological 
 Society consists of 40,000 volumes, and is 
 second only in completeness to the geo- 
 logical library at Paris. Mr. Hurlbut is 
 also editor of the monthly bulletin which 
 the society publishes. George Greenough, 
 the secretary of the society, was greatly 
 shocked by the news of the accident to 
 Mr. Hurlbut and his daughter. He said 
 last night that the loss of the hbrarian's 
 services, even for a short time, would be 
 an irreparable loss to science and to the 
 society. 
 
 Since the death of his wife, eight years 
 ago, Mr. Hurlbut has lived with his 
 daughter, Ilione. They occupied a suite in 
 the building at No. 560 West End avenue, 
 and Miss Hurlbut acted as her father's 
 assistant. 
 
 He has two nephews, William J. Hurl- 
 but, author of the play "The Fighting 
 Hope," now at the Stuyvesant Theatre, 
 and Stephen A. Hurlbut, professor of 
 Greek at Barnard College. Mr. Hurlbut's 
 brother is said to have been the owner and 
 editor of "The New York World" before it 
 became the property of Mr. Pulitzer. 
 
 CHILD IN RUNAWAY 
 
 Boston Advertiser 
 
 NEW YORK, Dec. 23.— Walter Jack- 
 son is a lucky baby. His parents admit that 
 he is something more than that, but take 
 it as things go in this world of chance, he's 
 lucky. 
 
 A horse attached to a delivery wagon 
 was standing in front of 942 Columbus ave. 
 One of the front wheels was tied to a rear 
 wheel. Jacob Katz, the driver, was in the 
 building. 
 
 Along came a fat boy with a Christmas 
 tree on his shoulder and longings ia his 
 heart. He stopped to look into a shop win- 
 dow and swung the tree around sweeping 
 the face of the horse. The horse ran away. 
 
 When he got to the corner of 87th st. 
 the horse took to the sidewalk. 
 
 On the sidewalk, along with many other 
 shoppers, were Walter Jackson and his 
 wife. Just ahead of them was Miss Rose 
 Williams, and just ahead of Miss WiUiams 
 was a baby carriage, and in the baby car- 
 riage 'was another Walter Jackson, three- 
 months-old and lucky. 
 
 The first Walter Jackson was knocked 
 down and his face looks now as if the horse 
 stepped on it. Mrs. Jackson was knocked 
 down and the wagon ran over her. Miss 
 WiUiams was knocked down also. . . 
 
 As the rear wheel of the delivery wagon 
 passed, it caught the baby carriage; the 
 baby stuck, and in another minute was 
 going just as fast as the delivery wagon. 
 Walter Jackson the second, stuck to his 
 carriage and incidentally to the delivery 
 wagon. 
 
 Half way down the block the wagon 
 struck a sidewalk showcase and the crash 
 of glass further frightened the horse. He 
 plunged back to the street, going through 
 a line of Christmas trees with the wagon 
 and the baby carriage. 
 
 Once through the trees, he smashed into 
 an L pillar and there parted company with 
 delivery wagon and baby carriage. 
 
 The wagon parted company with itself, 
 and about all there was left of the baby 
 carriage was that very limited portion of 
 it immediately adjacent to Walter Jack- 
 son. 
 
 The baby looked much mussed up, but 
 when Dr. Monaco of the Polyclinic Hos- 
 pital examined him there wasn't a mark 
 to be found. 
 
 BOY KILLED BY CAR 
 
 San Francisco Examiner 
 
 NEW YORK, December 17.— "Over 
 on Broadway there's a regular Santy 
 Claus," said 10-year-old Johnny Nugent 
 to his chum, 7-year-old Eddie Bowler, as 
 school let out on the East Side this after- 
 noon. "I never seen no Santy Claus — 
 only pictures. Did you? Let's go over?" 
 
 "They put their books away, Johnny in 
 his home, Eddie in his. Then they trudged, 
 skipping curbs and whistling, across to the 
 
26 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 region of a department store at Broadway 
 and Thirty-fourth street. 
 
 "I was a kid last year," said Johnny. 
 "Me mother couldn't let me come here 
 and I dasn't go without asking." 
 
 They didn't have any money, of course. 
 Johnny's mother is a widow and Eddie's 
 folks have little to spare for the children. 
 But an idea seized Johnny; he would start 
 earning money at once. He went to a news- 
 boy, and the latter, with the freemasonry of 
 the streets, "lent" him two papers to sell. 
 In a moment he was yelhng "Extry — ^All 
 about the murder trial!" 
 
 Eddie helped him to yell. 
 
 A customer beckoned from across the 
 street. Johnny darted toward him just in 
 front of the Hotel Martinique. A Broad- 
 way surface car loomed up suddenly. 
 There was a little cry, then the forward 
 pair of wheels ran over the boy and his 
 body became jammed in the rear wheels. 
 
 While a tremendous crowd of shop- 
 pers surrounded the car, some men — and 
 Eddie — crawled underneath. The men 
 came out with Johnny's body. His little 
 chum had his torn cap and the two evening 
 papers. 
 
 In the police station, before a group 
 of policemen who wept, Eddie told the 
 whole story while he clung to the battered 
 relics. 
 
 "Mr. Lieutenant," he asked at the end, 
 "do you think Johnny will get alive 
 again?" 
 
 "Maybe Santa Claus will take care of 
 him," said Dr. Gilhooley gravely, and he 
 turned quickly away. 
 
 SUBWAY ACCIDENT 
 
 New York Times 
 
 Seven persons were killed and eighty- 
 five injured shortly before 8 o'clock yes- 
 terday morning when a blast of djmamite 
 in the excavation for the new Seventh 
 Avenue subway carried away all the plank 
 thoroughfare between Twenty-third and 
 Twenty-fifth Streets, sweeping down into 
 the great hole a crowded trolley car and 
 a brewery automobile truck. 
 
 That the toll of dead and injured was 
 not many times greater was due to the fact 
 that the supports of the subway structure 
 gave way slowly, affording an opportunity 
 for hundreds of persons who were on their 
 way to work to scurry to side streets and 
 to the walks which were at the sides of the 
 excavation. Most of those injured were in 
 the Seventh Avenue trolley car, which was 
 of the closed type and was north-bound. 
 When the tracks sagged the car slid into 
 the hole. It crumpled like pasteboard 
 when it struck the tangle of iron, wood, 
 and rock in the bottom of the excavation. 
 Two of the persons killed were passengers 
 in the car. All the others were laborers in 
 the tunnel caught beneath the WTeckage. 
 
 Within an hour after the accident hap- 
 pened seven independent investigations 
 to place the blame were under way. These 
 inquiries were started by District Attor- 
 ney Perkins, the Fire Department, the 
 Public Service Commission, Coroner Fein- 
 berg, the contracting company, the State 
 Industrial Commission, and the Street 
 Railway Company. 
 
 The investigators said that before the 
 responsibility could be determined posi- 
 tively they would need the testimony of 
 August Midnight. Midnight is the licensed 
 blaster who set the dynamite charge. He 
 was seen after the accident, but disappeared, 
 and up to a late hour last night had not been 
 found. The police sent out a general alarm 
 for his arrest. 
 
 According to Policeman Daniel O'Shay 
 of the West Twentieth Street Station, who 
 was standing at Twenty-fourth Street and 
 Seventh Avenue, it was about 7:50 o'clock 
 when he heard the explosion, which was 
 followed by a sudden rising and then a 
 sagging of the temporary roadway in 
 Seventh Avenue. A few seconds later the 
 structure gave way and with a crash set- 
 tled down into the big hole. The street 
 car was directly in front of O'Shay, and 
 he saw it drop with the crumbling road- 
 way, and heard the cries of the terror- 
 stricken passengers. 
 
 O'Shay instantly ran to a fire box and 
 turned in an alarm, after which he no- 
 tified Police Headquarters by telephone. 
 
FIRES AND ACCIDENTS 
 
 27 
 
 When he got back to the accident to do 
 his part in the work of rescue, the scene 
 down deep in the excavation w^as appaUing. 
 
 AH that was left of the car, it appeared, 
 was the roof and the steel trucks. The 
 passengers inside, flung together in a con- 
 fused mass, were screaming and struggling. 
 On top of the debris, not far from the Twen- 
 ty-fourth Street side of the wreckage, was 
 the body of a stout, well-dressed woman. 
 Persons on the sidewalk more than thirty 
 feet above her saw that she was injured 
 terribly. She was still alive when taken 
 from the excavation, but died in a few 
 minutes. The body was identified as that 
 of Mrs. Martha V. Newton, 67 years old, 
 of 243 Waverly Place. 
 
 Fire ladders were let down into the hole, 
 and firemen and policemen, reckless of 
 danger to themselves, scrambled over the 
 debris to rescue the injured and recover 
 the dead. Mrs. Newton was one of the 
 first of those carried up the ladders to the 
 sidewalk and into the National Cloak and 
 Suit Company, where she died. This com- 
 pany, which operates a model welfare de- 
 partment for the benefit of its 4,100 em- 
 ployes, has an up-to-date hospital connected 
 with its plant, and to this infirmary scores 
 of the injured were taken to have their 
 wounds dressed. 
 
 Ambulances from all parts of the city 
 were called, and soon there was a force of 
 thirty surgeons and as many more nurses 
 at work. Several hundred emergency men 
 employed by the contractors were hurried 
 into the excavation to facilitate the res- 
 cue. Mayor Mitchel, Chairman McCall 
 of the Public Service Commission, Police 
 Commissioner Woods, District Attorney 
 Perkins, and other city and county officials 
 arrived early and witnessed the removal of 
 some of the injured and the dead. 
 
 The rescuers found many wounded peo- 
 ple and one dead man in the wreckage of 
 the street car. The dead man was Louis 
 Krugman, a garment worker, of 308 East 
 Eighth Street. Another of those in the 
 car died soon after being removed from 
 the wreckage. The worst injured were 
 taken into the emergency hospital of the 
 Suit Company, while others were treated 
 
 in the streets by ambulance doctors and 
 sent to their homes. 
 
 Two priests from St. Colomba's Catho- 
 lic Church, Fathers Rogers and Higgins, 
 descended into the excavation and aided 
 the rescuers. William Dennison, the sub- 
 way engineer who was taken to St. Vin- 
 cent's Hospital and was expected to die, 
 was found with a girder across his chest, 
 but was conscious, and Father Higgins 
 anointed him before he was carried away. 
 WTien a stimulant was offered to Denni- 
 son to alleviate his suffering, he refused, 
 saying he did not drink. 
 
 The stifling odor of gas from broken 
 mains hampered the rescuers. The De- 
 partment of Water Supply, Gas and Elec- 
 tricity had employes at the cavity in eight 
 minutes after the accident. They found 
 that one twenty-four-inch high pressure fire 
 main and several six-inch water mains had 
 been broken, and that the water was rising 
 in the excavation. Within half an hour 
 they had all the high pressure mains closed, 
 and thirty minutes later arrangements 
 had been made through adjoining mains 
 so that the high pressure S5^stem was 
 ready for use. The smaller mains were 
 shut off by the subway contractors, and 
 temporary services were installed to meet 
 the needs of the residents of the block. 
 
 Through the fortunate presence at Sev- 
 enth Avenue and Twenty-third Street of a 
 patrolman for the Consolidated Gas Com- 
 pany, the gas was shut off soon. Two 
 mains had been broken; but on account of 
 the experience in the construction of the 
 Boston subway, when men were asphyx- 
 iated by escaping gas in a similar accident, 
 the gas mains are laid along the curb in 
 all the present construction in New York; 
 so that while a considerable amount of gas 
 escaped on the street it did no damage. 
 
 Fire Chief Kenlon directed much of the 
 rescue work, and fifty additional firemen 
 without apparatus were called out as soon 
 as the nature of the emergency was known. 
 Forty-four alarm boxes were put out of 
 commission by the breaking of wires when 
 the street went down, but service was re- 
 stored with overhead wires an hour later. 
 Immediately after the arrival of Acting 
 
28 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 Chief Inspector Dillon, who directed the 
 police reserves, called from all parts of 
 Manhattan and the Bronx, tenants were 
 ordered to quit the houses in Seventh 
 Avenue from Twenty-third to Twenty- . 
 fifth Streets until the authorities decided 
 whether it was safe for them to return. At 
 7 o'clock at night they were permitted to 
 return to their homes. 
 
 Acting Police Inspector Joseph Conroy, 
 in conjunction with officials of the con- 
 struction company, sent policemen at 
 night throughout the five boroughs to the 
 homes of 200 employes on the company's 
 payroll. All of the men were accounted for 
 except two — J. X. Zavina of 300 Avenue 
 A and John McCormick of 317 Bowery. 
 McCormick had been reported dead earlier 
 in the day. At the address given for Za- 
 vina it was said that no man of that name 
 lived there. 
 
 The Seventh Avenue car service was 
 suspended south of Thirty-second Street, 
 and it will be at least a week, it is said, 
 before service is resumed below that point. 
 The thousands of spectators who crowded 
 as near the great cavity as they could dur- 
 ing the morning and gave the police re- 
 serves a hard task at the danger zone ropes, 
 became alarmed when it was reported that 
 dynamite was still beneath the fallen struc- 
 ture and that more explosions might fol- 
 low. Twelve sticks of unexploded dynamite 
 were carried up at one time, and the fire- 
 men took charge of it. 
 
 The engineers later said that there was 
 no more dynamite in the cavity, and that 
 the twelve sticks had been carried down 
 early in the morning by a powder man 
 who was to explode them in small blasts 
 after the big explosion at 8 o'clock. The 
 rules were strict regarding the handling 
 of dynamite, the company officials said, 
 and they were sure that there was no fur- 
 ther danger to the lives of the rescuers 
 after the twelve sticks had been taken out. 
 Colonel William Hayward of the Public 
 Service Commission stood at the edge of 
 the great hole and pointed to the crum- 
 pled wooden car. 
 
 "Look at that car," he said. "That's 
 what we ought to investigate, for before 
 
 you is a picture of what is going to happen 
 when one of the old wooden cars on the 
 elevated takes a jump to the street. I 
 fought against those old cars going on the 
 elevated, but I was voted down. I will 
 always fight them or any other sort of 
 wooden cars for New York traffic. 
 
 "If that car down there had been a steel 
 car I do not believe a person would have 
 been hurt. At least the passengers would 
 not have been crushed." 
 
 The contract for the subway work 
 affected by the accident was awarded ori- 
 ginally to Canavan Brothers, but was 
 taken over by the United States Realty 
 and Improvement Company on Dec. 31, 
 1913. The price was fixed at $2,401,306.75. 
 The job was 75 per cent, completed yes- 
 terday morning. The part is designated 
 officially as Section 5, Route 4 and 38 and 
 extends from midway between Sixteenth 
 and Seventeenth Streets to midway be- 
 tween Thirtieth and Thirty-first Streets. 
 
 The company also has a contract for 
 the section from Commerce to Sixteenth 
 Street, and for Section 2 of the Broadway 
 subway from Twenty-sixth to Twenty- 
 eighth Street, The total amount of all sub- 
 way contracts held by the company is 
 $6,996,037.75, of which 40 per cent, has 
 been paid. The contractors are under a 
 $75,000 bond for the completion of the 
 construction and 15 per cent, of the pay- 
 ment will be withheld until the work is 
 accepted. 
 
 The contractors are liable under the 
 provisions of the workmen's compensation 
 law for death and injury of employes. The 
 company is insured, according to oflBcials, 
 against losses by other accidents. 
 
 The United States Realty and Improve- 
 ment Company has enormous assets. Its 
 capital is $30,000,000. Among the realty 
 properties listed in its name are the Flat- 
 iron Building, Broadway and Fifth Ave- 
 nue; 17 Battery Place, 85 and 87 Beaver 
 Street, 96 and 98 Mercer Street, 67 and 69 
 Wall Street, 91 and 93 Wall Street, 123- 
 27 West Twentieth Street, 124-28 West 
 Twentieth Street, 112 West Twenty-first 
 Street, 118 West Twenty-first Street, 122- 
 26 West Twenty-first Street, 41-45 East 
 
FIRES AND ACCIDENTS 
 
 29 
 
 Twenty-second Street, 128-32 West Thir- 
 tieth Street, 202-08 West Thirty-seventh 
 Street, 111-19 Broadway, 304-12 Fourth 
 Avenue, 400 Fifth Avenue, 494-98 Seventh 
 Avenue. 
 
 Following are the officials of the com- 
 pany which faces enormous damage suits 
 for the accident: President, Wilson S. 
 Kinnear; Secretary, Richard G. Babbage; 
 Treasurer, BjTon M. Fellows; Directors — 
 Harry S. Black, Chairman; R. G. Bab- 
 bage, Frank A. Vanderlip, John F. Harris, 
 William A. Poillon, John D. Crimmins, 
 P. A. Valentine, Harry Bronner, William 
 
 A. Merriman, W. S. Kinnear, C. E. Her- 
 mann, F. W. Upham, Franklin Murphy, 
 and B. M. Fellows. The main offices are 
 at 111 Broadway. 
 
 The Superintendent is E. A. Little. 
 C. H. Stengle is chief engineer. S. S. Jones 
 is in charge of the construction work which 
 collapsed. The surpervising engineer is 
 
 B. C. Collier, and the engineer immedi- 
 ately in charge of the division which caved 
 in is H. R. Jacobson. 
 
 Supervising the work for the Public 
 Service Commission are Alfred Craven, 
 chief engineer for the commission; Robert 
 Ridgeway, supervising engineer in charge 
 of subway construction; Andrew Veitch, in 
 charge of the section, and Stephen Koron- 
 ski, immediately in charge of the division 
 that caved in. 
 
 RUN DOWN BY TRAIN 
 
 Boston Traveler 
 
 In a race with an express train over 
 Lyman's bridge on the Southern division 
 of the Boston & Maine railroad at Wal- 
 tham, Gerald Ross, 15-year-old son of 
 Herbert Ross of 95 Carroll street, Wal- 
 tham, was overtaken and instantly killed 
 yesterday. A companion, Kenneth Harri- 
 son, 11 years old, of 145 Fourth street, was 
 struck by a cylinder of the engine and suf- 
 fered a broken arm. His brother, Norman 
 Harrison, 14 years old, escaped uninjured. 
 
 The boys stood in the middle of the 
 single track on Lyman's bridge, a long 
 trestle over which trains cross a small 
 
 stream. They were watching a group of 
 their friends sporting in Lyman's pond, 
 and did not notice the approach of the 4 
 o'clock express from Boston. 
 
 The locomotive's warning whistle star- 
 tled them as the train rounded a bend 100 
 yards away. The bridge was too narrow 
 for the boys to remain on it safely while 
 the train passed. To cling to the girders 
 and hang suspended over the rocky bed 
 of the stream 25 feet below while the ex- 
 press shook the trestle was hazardous. As 
 the locomotive bore down upon them the 
 three boys started to race toward the end 
 of the bridge. 
 
 The engineer shut off steam, but the loco- 
 motive continued to gain on the fleeing 
 trio, the whistle shrieking the warning to 
 the boys to jump from the trestle. 
 
 Norman Harrison realized his danger 
 and leaped to the ground, 12 feet below. 
 Kenneth turned to the side of the track 
 and was about to jump when the engine 
 hit his arm and threw him from the trestle. 
 Gerald Ross raced on between the rails, 
 hoping to reach the end of the bridge. The 
 engine struck him and he died instantly. 
 
 Ross would have entered the Waltham 
 high school as a freshman this morning. 
 
 A police ambulance carried Kenneth 
 Harrison to the Waltham Hospital. Nor- 
 man Harrison escaped with bruises. 
 
 TRAIN DERAILED 
 
 Milwaukee Journal 
 
 Two hundred people narrowly escaped 
 death or serious injury early Monday 
 when the engine on passenger train No. 
 13, on the Fond du Lac division of the 
 Chicago and Northwestern road, due in 
 Milwaukee at 12: 10 a. m., going over forty 
 miles an hour, jumped the track two miles 
 north of Lake Shore Junction. 
 
 The tire on one of the rear drive-wheels 
 came off, throwing the locomotive from 
 the track. It tore along for over 150 yards, 
 across a trestle, and just as the nose of 
 the engine turned down the fifteen-foot 
 embankment. Engineer Frank Purcell 
 brought the train to a stop. 
 
30 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 The train was over a half hour late and 
 was pounding hard to make up time. But 
 few of the people knew of their danger, the 
 rattle of stone and gravel against the cars 
 being the only sign that something was 
 wrong. 
 
 Some of the passengers dared the biting 
 cold and walked to the end of the car line, 
 four miles away, but most of them re- 
 mained to be brought into the city at 4 
 a. m. by a relief train. 
 
 The train blocked traffic on the Fond du 
 Lac division until a late hour Monday. 
 Several trains were held up, both north 
 and south bound. The wrecker, which did 
 not get out until 4 a. m., took over two 
 hours to get the engine on the rails and 
 bring the train into town. 
 
 Hurrying to Milwaukee to the bedside 
 of Mrs. Grant Gilson, 3307 Western-av, 
 were her husband and her mother, Mrs. W. 
 Gilson. When the train was wrecked, the 
 two were made nearly frantic by the in- 
 formation that it would be two hours or 
 more before a relief train would arrive. 
 With a few others, they tramped, unmind- 
 ful of the stinging cold, to Lake Shore 
 Junction, thinking they could make street 
 car connections there. By good luck they 
 caught a southboimd freight on the Lake 
 Shore division. 
 
 FATAL RAILROAD WRECK 
 Milwaukee Sentinel 
 
 JERSEY CITY, N. J., Nov. 6.— Four 
 were killed and over 200 were injured in 
 the wreck of a Philadelphia local on the 
 Pennsylvania railway, which ran through 
 an open switch at Brunswick street junc- 
 tion, crashed into a dead j'ard engine and 
 piled up four cars in a heap of tangled 
 wreckage on Saturday. 
 
 Every ambulance, police patrol and fire 
 wagon available has been utilized to re- 
 move the injured, many of whom are seri- 
 ously hurt. The WTCck took place on the 
 elevated structure upon which the Penn- 
 sylvania enters Jersey City, and the fire 
 department was needed to get the injured 
 
 to the street level that they might be hur- 
 ried to the hospitals. 
 
 The following are the dead: 
 
 JOHN MONROE, Perth Amboy, engi- 
 neer. 
 
 JOHN M'CLURE, Newark, N. J., fire- 
 man. 
 
 JOHN SPILLE, Trenton, N. J., engi- 
 neer. 
 
 STENCIO DIOGOSIE, Jersey City, 
 track walker. 
 
 The list of injured, made at the various 
 hospitals, follows: 
 
 Max Donelson, 42 years old. New York, 
 bruised about body; unidentified man, suf- 
 fering from shock, probable internal in- 
 jury; F. H. Clark, Metuchen, N. J., cut 
 about face and head; George E. Siddell, 
 30 years old, Elizabeth, N. J.; Miss A. P. 
 Rook, 24 years old, Elizabeth; A. C. Alli- 
 son, 29 years old. New York; George L. 
 Tench, 35 years old, Newark; W. E. Wing, 
 27 years old, Allendale, N. J. 
 
 Fireman Daniel Meade, Newark, of the 
 light engine, jumped as the trains came 
 together and was unhurt. The police, on 
 investigation, found a broken rail on track 
 No. 3 at the scene of the accident, and 
 agreed that this was the cause of the wTeck. 
 
 Towerman Williamson, who had been 
 arrested, charged with tlirowing the switch 
 and bringing the train and engine together, 
 was at once discharged. 
 
 The train left Philadelphia at 7:58 Sat- 
 urday morning and was filled with com- 
 muters going to their work. 
 
 Engineer Monroe of the passenger train 
 was running at a good rate of speed to 
 make up time, and neither he nor his fire- 
 man had a chance to jump and save them- 
 selves. 
 
 The engine of the passenger train top- 
 pled over, part of it lying across the trestle 
 work, in imminent danger of crashing to 
 the street. 
 
 A passing policeman, hearing the crash, 
 turned in the alarm, and the reserves and 
 all ambulances possible were soon at hand, 
 extricating the injured, which was a difficult 
 task. Most of them were pinned dowoi by 
 the wreckage. 
 
 In the mail car, which was directly be- 
 
FIRES AND ACCIDENTS 
 
 31 
 
 hind the engine, was more than $1,000,000 
 in specie, which was being transferred to 
 New York by the Adams Express com- 
 pany. A special guard was hurriedly placed 
 around this car. 
 
 When the wreck occurred, the Jersey 
 City station was crowded with men and 
 women about to leave for Princeton for 
 the Princeton-Dartmouth football game. 
 This crowd was thrown into great confu- 
 sion until the officials informed them that 
 they might proceed to their destination 
 via the Jersey Central railroad, the Penn- 
 sylvania tracks being blocked. 
 
 At the hospitals it was reported that 
 none of those taken there were seriously 
 hurt, and that all would recover. The 
 bodies of the dead have been taken to 
 Hughes' morgue. The officials of the road 
 are investigating the cause of the wreck. 
 
 That a hundred were not killed was due 
 to the equipment of the cars. They were 
 of steel, with steel beams and concrete 
 flooring into which the seat frames were 
 set. When the cars toppled over, there 
 was no splintering of wood, and when the 
 windows were shattered, the glass flew 
 outward. Nearly all of the injured, as 
 soon as their hurts were attended to, left 
 the hospitals and resumed their journey 
 without giving their names. 
 
 FATAL RAILROAD COLLISION 
 
 Milwaukee News 
 
 New York, Dec. 31. — Spencer Trask, one 
 of the leading financiers of the United 
 States, was kUled today by a freight train 
 running into the rear of the New York 
 Central passenger train on which he occu- 
 pied the drawing room section at the rear 
 end of the last car. 
 
 The accident occurred near Croton, 
 N. Y. One other passenger was seriously 
 injured, and the negro porter of the sleep- 
 ing car was also badly hurt. mI ; ^s- 
 
 Mr. Trask, who was coming into the 
 city from his home at Saratoga, was dress- 
 ing in his compartment when the freight 
 train plowed into the heavy passenger 
 train, which is known as the Montreal ' 
 
 Express. When his torn body was re- 
 moved from the wreckage, it was found 
 that he had only partly dressed himself. 
 
 The express had been stopped by a 
 block signal, and why the freight behind 
 it was not stopped has not been explained. 
 The freight struck with such force as to 
 demolish the rear end of the last sleeper, 
 telescoping the front end with the sleeper 
 ahead. 
 
 Many of the occupants of the five 
 sleepers had not fully dressed, and they 
 were precipitated, half clad, into snow 
 banks, with the temperature far below the 
 freezing point. 
 
 Wrecking and relief trains were dis- 
 patched from the Harlem yards of the New 
 York Central, and officials of the company 
 hurried to the scene. Mr. Trask's body 
 was removed to the Croton morgue, and 
 the injured passenger and porter were 
 cared for by the local doctors. The pas- 
 senger was unable to tell his name. 
 
 Those injured were for the most part 
 in the smoking compartment at the ex- 
 treme rear of the sleeper, where a group of 
 passengers were gathered as the train pro- 
 ceeded down the river. Mr. Trask was on 
 his way to this city from his home in Sara- 
 toga. Engineer Flanagan of the freight 
 train stuck by his locomotive, but escaped 
 serious injury. 
 
 Failure of a brakeman to walk far 
 enough to the rear of the stalled Montreal 
 train to flag the freight in time, is said to 
 have caused the smashup. 
 
 The news of the banker's death had no 
 effect on the stock exchange, where prices 
 were slightly above the close last night. 
 
 Spencer Trask, who was born here in 
 1844, entered the banking business im- 
 mediately on his graduation from Prince- 
 ton. His financial acumen was quickly 
 recognized, and he soon became a power 
 in the banking world. 
 
 Mr. Trask was among the first to recog- 
 nize the genius of Thomas A. Edison, and 
 identified himself with the Edison electric 
 enterprises. The banker was a director in 
 many railroads and realty companies and 
 was deeply interested in educational and 
 philanthropic societies. Several years ago 
 
32 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 he bought and reorganized The New York 
 Times. He was president of the National 
 Arts club and a member of numerous other 
 prominent New York clubs. Mr. Trask 
 was married in 1874 to Miss Katrina 
 Nichols. 
 
 Note — The following two stories should be 
 compared as reports of the same accident given 
 in two New York morning papers. 
 
 DIVERS DIE IN SHIP'S HOLD 
 
 (1) 
 New York Tribune 
 
 Death followed triumphant achievement 
 with terrible swiftness for three men yes- 
 terday, when they were smothered in the 
 hold of the steamship H. M. Whitney, of 
 the Metropolitan outside line to Boston, 
 which they had helped to raise only a few 
 hours before after a month of hard work in 
 the raging currents of Hell Gate. 
 
 One, a diver, went down into the hold to 
 see if a patch he had put on the wrecked 
 bottom from the outside was holding well. 
 He died, it is supposed, as the poisonous 
 gases rose about him, and two more, going 
 after him to see why he did not return, 
 met the same fate. 
 
 It was not until three men lay dead in 
 the fetid hold, suffocated by the gases that 
 the cargo of hides, beer and perhaps half a 
 hundred other things gave off, that a glim- 
 mering of reason seemed to come to those 
 in charge of the work. Then the needless 
 sacrifice of more lives was prevented. 
 Some one took charge, and men equipped 
 with divers' helmets rescued two more men 
 who had gone down for their comrades, and 
 brought up the bodies of the dead. 
 
 Augustus Bjorklund was the diver who 
 brought about the fatal ending of the day's 
 work. No one knows just why he went 
 down into the hold, warned as he had been 
 to beware of the poisonous gases that al- 
 ways accumulate when a vessel has lain 
 long in the water, but the oflBcials of the 
 Merritt-Chapman Wrecking Company sup- 
 pose that he wanted to see his work from 
 inside. 
 
 Reports of what happened next on the 
 Whitney were vague. While the men were 
 going down and dying, no one seemed to 
 know anything. There was no panic ; there 
 was no excitement. Michael Menus, one 
 of the wrecking crew, apparently followed 
 Bjorklund to see if anything was wrong, 
 and died as he reached the bottom of the 
 hold, falling unconscious from the ladder 
 he descended. Then Herman Fabricius 
 went down, and he, too, died almost at 
 once. 
 
 John Hanson was the next man to go 
 down, with a rope and some caution this 
 time, for it was beginning to be realized 
 that something was amiss. Hanson came 
 back alive, but unconscious. Captain Kiv- 
 lin having realized that a disaster had come 
 upon the ship, divers went down and 
 saved Hanson's life, bringing up the bodies 
 of the three dead men besides. 
 
 That account of the tragedy is as much 
 as could be gleaned with any certainty 
 yesterday. It was hard enough to get 
 aboard the Whitney at all, and no one there 
 seemed to know much. The coroner's 
 office made a brief investigation yesterday 
 afternoon, and the bodies were removed to 
 an undertaking establishment in West 24th 
 street. The police found out little more 
 than the casual spectators who thronged 
 the pier. 
 
 The H. M. Whitney went aground in 
 Hell Gate on Middle Four Reef just a 
 month ago yesterday, and in the early 
 morning she was floated after long and 
 hard efforts. It had been a hard job, and 
 those who had accomplished it were more 
 than happy. The ship had been brought 
 down to East 102d street, and about all 
 the work that was being done was to keep 
 the pumps working. The lighters with the 
 huge derricks lay alongside, and when the 
 tragedy occurred many of the men in charge 
 of the work were at luncheon. 
 
 None of the men who died had orders to 
 go down into the hold. This was dwelt on 
 with much emphasis by the officials of the 
 wrecking company. Captain Kivlin, who 
 was in charge of the work, was arrested 
 and taken to the Harlem court, where 
 Magistrate Herrman refused to do more 
 
FIRES AND ACCIDENTS 
 
 33 
 
 than remand him to the coroner. Appar- 
 ently no one in charge of the work could 
 have foreseen the accident and no one 
 could be held responsible. 
 
 Both Bjorklund and Fabricius lived at 
 Stapleton, Staten Island, and Menus lived 
 at 1 Atlantic avenue, Brooklyn. Supt. 
 KivlLn said that Bjorklimd was one of the 
 most experienced divers in the company's 
 employ and he couldn't understand how 
 the man happened to venture into the ga»- 
 ridden hold without testing it for the poi- 
 sonous vapors. "With such a mixed cargo 
 as the Whitney is carrying submerged for 
 thirty-one days, it was certain to be almost 
 fatal for any one to go into the hold until 
 it had been thoroughly ventilated," he 
 said. "He should have taken the precau- 
 tion to drop down a lantern before he went 
 down himself." 
 
 Capt. Hone of the Henry M. Whitney 
 said yesterday that the damage to the 
 steamer can be repaired very quickly when 
 she gets into drydock. As a result of his 
 steamer's misfortune the Government has 
 decided to put a bell buoy on the reef. 
 
 The pilots of the Sound steamers 
 breathed easier yesterday afternoon when 
 they approached Hell Gate and found the 
 steamer out of the channel. The larger 
 vessels, especially the Fall River Line 
 steamers, have had a tight squeeze some- 
 times, and in foggy weather it was exceed- 
 ingly dangerous to attempt the passage. 
 
 (2) 
 New York Sun 
 
 Nobody was hurt when the steamboat 
 H. M. Whitney went on Nigger Point reef. 
 Hell Gate, in a fog a month ago, but three 
 men were killed on her yesterday an hour 
 after she had been raised. She had been 
 pumped out by the Merritt-Chapman 
 Wrecking Company and floated over to 
 the foot of East 102 street. Three of the 
 wrecking crew went down the forward 
 hatchway into the hold, were overcome by 
 carbonic acid fumes and were taken out 
 dead. 
 
 One was August Bjorklund, a veteran 
 diver, who had patched up one of the big 
 
 holes in the side of the steamer. He took 
 with him Herman Fabricius, a blacksmith, 
 and Michael Menus, a laborer. Supt. 
 Thomas Kivlin, in charge of the wreckers, 
 and Capt. George Hone of the Henry M. 
 Whitney had warned all the wreckers and 
 members of the crew that it would be un- 
 safe to venture into the hold until the air 
 had been purified. 
 
 The Whitney's cargo consisted mainly 
 of green hides, miscellaneous freight made 
 up largely of rubber, resin and molasses, 
 and a quantity of coal. Some 500 tons had 
 been taken out and yesterday 1,800 tons 
 remained. The divers had patched the 
 hole in the boat's bottom, and yesterday 
 morning, having pumped her out, the 
 wreckers got two immense chains under the 
 bow and stern of the Whitney, and she 
 was lifted almost out of the water by four 
 powerful floating derricks. Shortly before 
 noon the derricks headed for the Manhat- 
 tan shore and an hour later the freighter 
 was lying at the foot of 102d street. 
 
 The derricks had scarcely been tied up 
 there when Bjorklund and his two assis- 
 tants went down the second forward hatch- 
 way. No one saw them go, but a few min- 
 utes later one of the wreckers, happening 
 to pass the hatchway, looked down into 
 the hold and saw the three men stretched 
 out on the bottom. Supt. Kivlin was noti- 
 fied, and he called the members of his force 
 and the crew of the steamer around him. 
 
 "The man who goes down after those 
 men takes his life in his hand, but there 
 ought to be somebody here brave enough 
 to do it," said Kivlin. " If we can get them 
 out of that rotten gas promptly we may 
 save them." 
 
 There wasn't any response for a mo- 
 ment, but suddenly Diver Jack Hanson 
 worked his way through the little group 
 aroimd the hatchway with a diver's helmet 
 over his head. Hanson didn't speak until 
 he had taken half a dozen steps down the 
 ladder, when he said: 
 
 "I guess I'm about the best friend Gus 
 Bjorklund had, and if the boys will keep 
 me supplied with air I'll get those poor fel- 
 lows out as quickly as any one could." 
 
 He tied a rope around Bjorklund's 
 
34 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 shoulders, and while Bjorklund was being 
 pulled up on deck two more ropes were 
 thrown to Hanson. He secured the ropes 
 around Menus and Fabricius, and in ten 
 minutes all three men were on deck and 
 were receiving first aid treatment. Ambu- 
 lances were sent for, but it was nearly half 
 an hour before Dr. Moeckel of the Harlem 
 Hospital arrived. The three men were dead 
 then. Supt. Kivlin was arrested and taken 
 before Coronor Acritelli, who released him 
 to appear at the inquest. 
 
 SHIPS COLLIDE IN FOG 
 
 Boston Transcript 
 
 In a fog bank that had closed in only 
 about twenty minutes before, the four- 
 masted schooner Alma E. A. Holmes of 
 Philadelphia was rammed and sunk by the 
 Eastern Steamship Corporation steamer 
 Belfast, just outside of Graves Light, 
 shortly after six o'clock this morning. That 
 no lives were lost was undoubtedly due to 
 the action of Captain Frank Brown of the 
 Belfast, who held the bow of the steamer 
 in the hole in the schooner's side until 
 Captam Henry A. Smith and the eight 
 members of the crew had climbed aboard 
 the Belfast. Two minutes after the Belfast 
 backed away, the Holmes, which had been 
 struck on the starboard side between the 
 fore and mainmasts, plunged bow first to 
 the bottom, her stern lifting so high out of 
 the water that about twenty feet of the keel 
 was visible to those on the steamer. 
 
 The Belfast, with about 150 passengers, 
 was on the way here from Bangor and 
 Penobscot River ports. The weather had 
 been thick all night, and Captain Brown 
 had been constantly on duty in the pilot 
 house. Shortly before the collision occurred 
 those on the Belfast heard the schooner's 
 fog horn sounding at intervals. The steam- 
 er, too, was sounding her whistle, when out 
 of the fog and directly ahead appeared the 
 Holmes. At the first glimpse Captain 
 Brown ordered the engines reversed. The 
 distance between the vessels, however, was 
 too short, and a moment later the sharp 
 
 stem of the Belfast cut through the 
 schooner's side. 
 
 Frightened passengers hurried out on 
 deck as they felt the shock of the collision, 
 but within a few minutes they were as- 
 sured by members of the crew that they 
 were in no danger. Many, nevertheless, 
 feared that the Belfast was going to sink. 
 Meantime, Captain Brown held the steam- 
 er's bow where it was, as he realized that 
 the damage was serious and that the 
 schooner, laden deep as she was with coal, 
 would go do'mi quickly if the sea was per- 
 mitted to rush in. 
 
 Meanwhile, the skipper and crew of the 
 schooner had got on deck, two or three of 
 the sailors in scanty attire, as they did not 
 have time to dress after being roused from 
 their bunks. Captain Smith was on deck 
 when the accident happened, and perceived 
 when the steamer was sighted that the 
 collision was bound to occm*. He shouted 
 for all of the crew to come on deck, and 
 nearly all responded before the crash. 
 
 While passengers crowded forward on 
 the decks of the Belfast, a ladder was let 
 dovra to the deck of the schooner, and one 
 after the other the crew of the Holmes 
 climbed to safety. Captain Smith had some 
 difficulty in impressing some of the crew 
 with the necessity of quick action, one man 
 being particularly stubborn. The rescue 
 was accomplished in about ten minutes, 
 according to Captain Brown of the Bel- 
 fast, and then the steamer backed away. 
 As she withdrew from the hole in the 
 schooner's side, it was seen that the Bel- 
 fast's stem had been twisted over to port. 
 Otherwise she was apparently undam- 
 aged, and was not leaking, according to 
 Captain Brown, after she docked at India 
 \Miarf. 
 
 The sight of the schooner going to the 
 bottom was one that the passengers will 
 remember. In Captain Brown's opinion it 
 was spectacular, in view of the manner in 
 which the craft seemed to stand on her 
 head, with the stern rearing almost straight 
 out of the water, until she disappeared be- 
 neath the surface. Every one of the pas- 
 sengers praised Captain Bro-mi highly for 
 the manner in which he handled the situa- 
 
FIRES AND ACCIDENTS 
 
 35 
 
 tion and rescued the shipwrecked men. 
 According to Captain Brown of the Belfast, 
 the colHsion took place about four and one- 
 half miles northeast of the dumping ground 
 buoy outside of Graves Light, and the 
 schooner sank in about twenty fathoms of 
 water. Neither he nor Captain Smith cared 
 to make any statement regarding responsi- 
 bility for the accident. An investigation to 
 determine this will be made by the United 
 States Steamboat Inspectors. 
 
 The Alma E. A. Hplmes was boimd from 
 Norfolk to Salem with 1819 tons of coal. 
 She sailed from Norfolk a week ago Wed- 
 nesday. She was a craft of 1208 tons gross 
 register, 1069 net, 202 feet long, 41 feet 
 beam and 18 feet deep, and was built at 
 Camden, Me., in 1896. Joseph Holmes, 
 Sr., of Toms River, N. J., was the owner. 
 
 BOAT BATTERED IN GALE 
 Philadelphia Ledger 
 
 ATLANTIC CITY, Nov. 20.— As gal- 
 lant a fight as South Coast mariners have 
 put up in many a day, with life as the 
 stake, was made by the skipper and crew 
 of the Drake, one of the fastest and smart- 
 est of the Inlet fishing fleet. Coast guards 
 hardly knew her when she staggered into 
 port this afternoon, battered and torn, a 
 leaking scarecrow of her former trim self. 
 
 On board Mark Broome, master, Tom- 
 kins, the mate, and the nine members of 
 the crew were in much the same state as 
 their vessel. All hands were half dead from 
 loss of sleep and completely worn out after 
 a 36-hour battle with the gale that swept 
 the Atlantic yesterday. 
 
 The Drake was making a full speed ahead 
 plunge for Absecon late Thm-sday night, 
 when the gale, ripping up the coast, struck 
 her. There was nothing to do but turn and 
 fly before the tempest, with everybody 
 aboard hoping they might escape the 
 treacherous shoals running miles seaward 
 of Brigantine. 
 
 Then, to make matters worse, the Drake's 
 engine jammed and went out of commission 
 and Tomkins, the mate, almost was swept 
 overboard by a boom, while he clung to 
 
 the bowsprit trying to pour oil on the 
 waves. Broome, the skipper, saw his mate's 
 peril, and his presence of mind saved Tom- 
 kins from going into the sea. 
 
 It looked for a time last night, when the 
 Drake sprung a leak, as if the staunch craft 
 never would see harbor again. Everybody 
 took turns at the pumps, except Broome, 
 who stood over his flagging men, keeping 
 them awake when exhaustion gripped 
 them. The Drake was minus half her cargo 
 of fish when she finally came in over the 
 bar today. 
 
 FATAL SHIPWRECK 
 
 New York Times 
 
 ASTORIA, Ore., Sept. 19.— Between 
 seventy and eighty men, women, and chil- 
 dren, coastwise passengers and crew, were 
 drowned late yesterday when the three- 
 masted schooner Francis H. Leggett was 
 pounded to pieces in a gale sixty miles 
 from the mouth of the Columbia River. 
 
 Two men were rescued by passing 
 steamers and carried to Astoria and Port- 
 land. They told how the sea tore the 
 vessel to pieces, and how the passengers 
 were drowned, a boat load at a time, as the 
 lifeboats capsized, or met their fate a little 
 later when the vessel turned over. 
 
 Alexander Farrell, a survivor, said that, 
 at the height of the storm, Capt. J. Jensen 
 of San Francisco, a passenger, who had lost 
 his own ship six months ago and had been 
 marooned for four months on an uninhab- 
 ited island, went to the aid of Capt. Moro 
 of the Leggett, took command of the pas- 
 sengers, and controlled them until he sank 
 with the schooner. 
 
 The schooner's wireless, on a route alive 
 with ships, raised only the Japanese cruiser 
 Idzumo, and sank hours before any craft 
 reached her position. The steamer Beaver, 
 which caught the Idzumo's report of the 
 Leggett's distress, said that the Idzumo 
 gave no position for the distressed vessel. 
 She asked for more details, but got no re- 
 sponse from the warship. 
 
 Plunging on her course for the Columbia 
 River, the Beaver ran upon the oil tanker 
 
36 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 Buck, standing by a swirl of wTeckage and 
 timber which indicated where the Leggett 
 had sunk. The Buck transferred Farrell to 
 the Beaver for treatment. She remained 
 for some time searching for bodies afloat, 
 or for some other men, who, like Farrell, 
 might have been fortunate enough to seize 
 a bit of lumber and strong enough to cling 
 to it for many hours in the icy water. 
 
 The other rescued passenger, George H. 
 Pullman of Winnipeg, Canada, is on board 
 the Buck, which now is lying off the Colum- 
 bia bar awaiting calmer weather before 
 crossing in. 
 
 It is believed that Capt. Moro of the 
 Leggett was washed overboard shortly be- 
 fore the ship sank, for it was Capt. Jensen, 
 Farrell said, who was in charge of a futile 
 attempt to launch two lifeboats, which 
 foundered as soon as they struck the water. 
 
 Farrell, who had recovered considerably 
 tonight from his exhaustion, said that the 
 Leggett carried a full list of passengers, 
 between forty and fifty, while the crew 
 numbered about twenty-five. Among the 
 passengers were six women, a girl and a 
 boy, including the Captain's wife, the 
 mate's wife, and the wife of Capt. Ander- 
 son of the schooner Carrie Dove. 
 
 "We left Grey's Harbor Wednesday 
 morning," said Farrell. "Later the sea 
 became rough. The Leggett began to 
 pound heavily and the Captain gave orders 
 to jettison the deck load. Then the seas 
 swept off the hatches, and the hold be- 
 gan to fill. Capt. Jensen ordered the pas- 
 sengers into their cabins, and many were 
 still there when the boat went down. 
 
 "When it was' seen that there was no 
 hope for the vessel, Capt. Jensen ordered 
 the lifeboats lavmched. In the first boat 
 there were thirty persons, two of whom 
 were women. There were only six women 
 on board, and the other four were not at 
 that end of the ship when the boat was 
 launched. 
 
 "As soon as the boat struck the water 
 it capsized, and all the occupants were 
 thrown into the sea and drowned. '^ 
 
 "A few minutes later an attempt was 
 made to launch the second lifeboat. It 
 contained four women and their husbands. 
 
 The boat met the same fate as the other 
 boat. 
 
 "I was standing on the bridge when the 
 ship went down. The boat capsized as she 
 sank. I don't know how long I was under 
 water, but when I came to the top I 
 grabbed a railroad tie and hung on. The 
 wireless operator was also hanging to the 
 tie. I saw men sinking all around me, but 
 could not hear their cries owing to the 
 screeching gale. 
 
 "It soon became dark, but it was 1 
 o'clock in the morning when the Beaver 
 picked me up. The wireless operator clung 
 to the tie with me for several hours, and 
 then, benumbed by cold, he dropped off. 
 No one was to blame for the wTeck. The 
 boat was unable to stand the storm." 
 
 The Leggett was a three-masted schooner 
 of 1,606 tons gross registry and a capacity 
 of 1,500,000 feet of lumber. She was oper- 
 ated by the Charles R. McCormick Com- 
 pany of San Francisco. 
 
 Note — The following two stories illustrate 
 different arrangements of the same material and 
 were probably telegraphed by different news 
 associations. 
 
 EXPLOSION IN MINE 
 
 (1) 
 San Francisco Examiner 
 
 MARIANNA (Pa.), November 28.— 
 Within three minutes after a State mine 
 inspector and the mine superintendent had 
 returned from an inspection of the district, 
 the model Marianna mine of the Pittsburg- 
 Buffalo Coal Company was blown up by 
 an explosion to-day. 
 
 At midnight the rescuers, penetrating 
 through a portion of the shaft, came upon 
 the bodies of 142 men, most of whom had 
 been killed instantaneously by the debris 
 flung upon them by the explosion. Many 
 of the remains were badly mangled. Eight- 
 een bodies were immediately carried to the 
 top of the shaft, where they were encof- 
 fined. Six others, killed at the top of the 
 shaft, had been previously recovered. 
 
FIRES AND ACCIDENTS 
 
 37 
 
 Whether any more remain in the wrecked 
 mine will not be known untU morning. 
 
 When she learned that her husband was 
 among the dead, Mrs. Joseph Jones broke 
 through the guard of fifty State constabu- 
 lary and attempted to dash herself to the 
 bottom of the mine. She was caught and 
 restrained just as she was about to make 
 the fatal jump. Mrs. George Acker became 
 violently insane when she heard that her 
 husband was in the mine, and was arrested 
 and placed under restraint. 
 
 At 1 o'clock Peter Arnold, an American, 
 was brought out of the Rachel shaft alive. 
 Joseph Kearney, one of the rescuers, re- 
 ported that others were Uving. 
 
 The Marianna mine, which had been in 
 operation less than three months, was con- 
 sidered the model mine of the world. 
 Every device known to modern invention 
 had been installed to prevent just such a 
 tragedy as occurred to-day. But, wrecked 
 by a mysterious explosion, the very ma- 
 chinery which was to have made accident 
 impossible hampered the rescuers at their 
 work. They did not imderstand the won- 
 derful mechanism which bolstered the great 
 mine with such a network of contrivances, 
 and they were delayed in the attempt to 
 bore through to the bodies of the men ly- 
 ing dead in the bottom of the shaft. 
 
 The explosion came just before the noon 
 hour in the Rachel shaft. It was so ter- 
 rific that the blast, blowing up the whole 
 length of the deep shaft, tore loose the 
 giant elevator cage at the surface of the 
 mine and hurled it 300 feet away. 
 
 Two men were in the cage at the time. 
 Both were instantly killed, the head of one 
 of them being literally blown off. 
 
 Immediately following the explosion, 
 rescuers began frantically to burrow at the 
 mouth of the mine in a futile effort to dig 
 down through the tremendous masses of 
 coal that blocked the upper reaches of the 
 shaft, while other rescuers, headed by 
 President John K. Jones, of the Pittsburg- 
 Buffalo Coal Company, rushed to the 
 scene in special trains from Pittsburg and 
 Monongahela with the latest appliances, 
 which were erected at the head of the 
 shaft to bore to the entombed men. 
 
 Five thousand women and children and 
 miners thronged the mouth of the mine, 
 the former weeping piteously and pleading 
 for the rescue of their fathers or broth- 
 ers. 
 
 The officials of the mine are in a pitiful 
 condition. They have spent hundreds of 
 thousands of dollars to make the Marianna 
 fireproof, and experts have assured them 
 that such a disaster as occurred to-day 
 was impossible. In the excitement and 
 panic it is impossible thus far to learn the 
 names of the victims. But the books of the 
 company indicate that the majority of the 
 275 buried in the Rachel are Americans 
 and that most of the others are English 
 miners imported by the company two 
 months ago to work the richest shafts. 
 
 (2) 
 Chicago Record-Herald 
 
 PITTSBURG, Nov. 28.— Two hundred 
 and seventy-five men, a majority of them 
 Americans, are believed all to have per- 
 ished in an explosion which wrecked the 
 mine of the Pittsburg-Buffalo Coal Com- 
 pany at Marianna, Washington County, 
 shortly before noon to-day. Marianna is 
 considered the model mining town of the 
 world, and the mine itself was claimed to 
 be as nearly perfect in equipment as modern 
 science could devise. 
 
 Since the blast entombed all the men in 
 the mine, smoke has been issuing from the 
 shaft, showing that the workings are afire, 
 and rescuers who entered were compelled, 
 after progressing only a short distance, to 
 retreat on account of the intense heat. 
 
 The explosion happened at 11: 30 o'clock 
 this morning, when the full force was at 
 work. The explosion was terrific, and if 
 all in the mine were not mangled by its 
 force, it seems certain that they perished 
 in the subsequent fire or were suffocated 
 by the deadly fumes. 
 
 The force of the explosion can be imag- 
 ined when it is known that the heavy iron 
 cage which carried the men from the sur- 
 face to the workings was blown 300 feet 
 away from the mouth of the shaft. Two 
 men who were in the cage at the time were 
 
38 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 killed, the head of one of them being blown 
 off. 
 
 Three foreigners who were at the mouth 
 of the mine when the explosion occurred 
 are ia the hospital ia a critical condition 
 from injuries received when the mine cage 
 was blown out of the shaft. They also in- 
 haled the poisonous fumes. 
 
 The fanhouse was partly demolished and 
 the fans stopped for over an hour. 
 
 The explosion was in shaft No. 2. The 
 only way to reach the workings is through 
 that shaft, as shaft No. 1 is not completed. 
 Some of the officials of the coal company 
 believe it will be necessary to dig through 
 800 feet of solid coal before they can reach 
 the workings. 
 
 State Mine Inspector Louttit and Mine 
 Foreman Kennedy had just completed a 
 two days' examination of the mine, and had 
 come from the mine only three minutes 
 before the explosion occurred. 
 
 When the town was shaken by the blast, 
 all the people rushed from their houses. 
 Learning of the extent of the disaster, the 
 members of the families of the doomed men 
 rushed to the mouth of the mine, and a 
 pathetic scene followed. Wives, mothers 
 and relatives of the men are gathered about, 
 and their cries are pitiful. 
 
 It is said there is a large gas weU in the 
 vicinity of the mine. Whether the gas from 
 this well was communicated to the mine 
 and became ignited, or whether powder and 
 dynamite used for blasting purposes ex- 
 ploded, cannot now be ascertained. 
 
 Rushing as fast as steam could carry 
 them, special trains from this city and 
 Monongahela went to the scene of the dis- 
 aster. On them were officials of the coal 
 company and many prominent miners who 
 are considered experts in the work of res- 
 cue. The latest appliances from the new 
 United States laboratory in this city, which 
 were recently tested before foreign and 
 American experts, for the saving of life in 
 mine explosions, were hurried to the mine. 
 
 John H. Jones, president of the Pitts- 
 burg-Buffalo Coal Company, was almost a 
 physical wreck when he learned of the ac- 
 cident. He trembled in every limb and 
 could scarcely speak. Accompanied by 
 
 other officials of the company, and by 
 J. W. Paul of the United States mine test- 
 ing station located here. President Jones 
 went at once to the scene in a special train. 
 
 Two assistants accompanied Mr. Paul, 
 carrying patented helmets that make work 
 possible in the most dangerous mine. 
 With these men Mr. Paul expected to be 
 able to save many lives. 
 
 Early reports as to the number of vic- 
 tims of the disaster varied greatly. The 
 mine officials first claimed that not more 
 than 100 men could have been caught, but 
 it now is certain that 275 were at work at 
 the time and that none in the shaft escaped. 
 
 State Mine Inspector Louttit and Mine 
 Foreman Kermedy, who had just com- 
 pleted a two days' examination of the 
 mine, declared that they had found it in 
 perfect condition. At the present time, 
 they say, it is impossible to state whether 
 the explosion was caused by gas or by a 
 powder explosion. Mr. Jones, president of 
 the company, stated that almost the entire 
 force of men were in the mine at the time 
 of the explosion, but he did not know the 
 full extent of the casualties. 
 
 Marianna was built recently by the 
 Pittsburg-Buffalo Coal Company. It ne- 
 cessitated a great outlay of money, as it 
 was the intention to make the mine up to 
 date and the living conditions of the miners 
 the same as could be secured in a large city. 
 The houses were of brick construction, and 
 each contained a bathroom. When com- 
 pleted the town was said by foreign and 
 American mine officials to be the most per- 
 fect mining town in the world. 
 
 ENTOMBED MINERS 
 
 Kansas City Times 
 
 JopLiN, Mo., June 18. — The occasional 
 "rap-rap-rap" which has encouraged the 
 men who are battling with the tons of rock 
 and earth imprisoning two men in the 
 Longacre-Chapman mine ceased yester- 
 day afternoon. Daniel Hardendorf and 
 Reed Taylor, the men who are buried, 
 have now been in the mine since 6 o'clock 
 last Friday night. There is hope yet for 
 
FIRES AND ACCIDENTS 
 
 39 
 
 their rescue, but that hope grows weaker 
 as the night wears on. 
 
 The best shovelers in the Joplin district, 
 150 of them, are working quietly, fever- 
 ishly, knowing that every minute lost 
 means that much less chance of rescuing 
 the men. They work with strained nerves, 
 in squads of eight which enter the shaft, 
 then come up at the end of two hours com- 
 pletely exhausted. 
 
 A crowd of about five hundred persons, 
 miners, friends and relatives, are at the 
 mouth of the shaft. It's a strange, pathetic 
 crowd, alternately weeping and praying. 
 
 Through this crowd tonight four big, 
 pale men elbowed their way. They were 
 William Lester, Roy Woodmansee, Ed- 
 ward Spencer and A. H. Harwood, miners 
 who were taken from the shaft Tuesday 
 night after having been entombed them- 
 selves four days in another part of the mine. 
 They pleaded to be allowed to help in the 
 rescue work. 
 
 " Let us save them. It's hell down there, 
 poor fellows," one said grimly. 
 
 A tragic figure in the crowd is Mrs. Har- 
 dendorf, wife of one of the entombed men. 
 As the shifts of .men go down she stands by 
 and pleads with them to exert every effort. 
 When the men, exhausted by their efforts, 
 come up to be relieved, she works with the 
 other women, passing around coffee and 
 food. 
 
 Thirty-five feet of rock and earth sepa- 
 rate the entombed miners from liberty. 
 The two men have been without food, 
 water or air more than eight days now. 
 When the tapping ceased yesterday after- 
 noon many shook their heads. 
 
 "They are dead," they say sadly. 
 
 But the crowd about the shaft never 
 diminishes and the shovelers never quit. 
 
 "Maybe they have gone farther into the 
 drift to get better air," some say hope- 
 fully. 
 
 About $1,500 has been raised by popular 
 susbcriptions to pay the men who are help- 
 ing in the rescue work. The amount soon 
 will be increased. 
 
 Experienced miners say it will be late 
 Saturday night or early Sunday morning 
 before the tons of rocks and earth can be 
 
 shoveled away. If the buried miners have 
 fainted from lack of air, there is httle hope 
 of reaching them alive. But if they have 
 gone back farther in the drift they can be 
 saved. 
 
 FALL FROM SCAFFOLD 
 
 New York Times 
 
 Because he had refused to take a seri- 
 ously injured man in his automobile to 
 St. Luke's Hospital yesterday afternoon, 
 the chauffeur of a machine standing out- 
 side of South Field, opposite Columbia 
 University Library, was set upon by a 
 crowd of Yale and Columbia University 
 students and threatened with bodily in- 
 jury unless he did so. Thoroughly fright- 
 ened, the chauffeur consented to take the 
 injured man to the hospital, where his 
 condition is said to be serious. 
 
 The injured man was Peter Bunn, a 
 bricklayer, of No. 231 East 80th street, 
 who was working on Kent Hall, a new 
 Columbia University building, at 116th 
 street and Amsterdam avenue. Bunn and 
 his brother John were on a scaffolding on 
 the third floor of the building, overlooking 
 South Field, the athletic field of the uni- 
 versity, where Yale and Columbia were 
 playing a game of baseball. 
 
 As the crowds began to leave the field, 
 the two men shouted from their high perch 
 and imitated the cheers of the students. 
 While they were jumping about on the 
 platform of the scaffold, it swung far out 
 from the wall, and Peter fell to the ground. 
 
 TWO BOYS DROWN 
 
 Chicago Tribune' 
 
 Joseph Tordio, 19 years old, of 920 
 Townsend street, tried to save Albert Ar- 
 rigo, 8 years old, of 457 West Superior 
 street, from drowning in the north branch 
 of the river at Superior street last night. 
 Both drowned. 
 
 Arrigo, a mere stripling, was fishing. He 
 lost his balance and toppled from the pier. 
 Screams of his brother, Charles, 12 years 
 
40 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 old, attracted Tordio. He threw off his 
 shoes, coat, and hat and jumped in. For 
 fifteen minutes the battle with death ran on. 
 
 Tordio did not know the science of res- 
 cuing a dro^vning person. He might have 
 stunned the boy and got back to the pier. 
 But he merely used his muscle. Then the 
 httle boy, in a death grapple, tightened his 
 arms around Tordio hke two small bands 
 of steel. 
 
 The larger boy tired. The murky water 
 ran over his face. For an instant he 
 thought he might lose. That was his vm- 
 doing. Fear unnerved him. He fought in a 
 frenzy. They went down together, the 
 younger boy strangling but stiU clasping 
 his two small bands of steel around the 
 rescuer's body. 
 
 They came up, or Tordio's face did. 
 With the terror of death on him, Tordio 
 made a last desperate effort. It failed. He 
 opened his mouth to call for help, but the 
 voice was drowned with the gurgling water. 
 He quit. His hands went up in a last act of 
 despair. Then they went down. In a mo- 
 ment there Was notliing on the water at 
 that point save a few tiny waves and a few 
 bubbles. 
 
 The police came with grappling hooks. 
 The body of little Arrigo was recovered. 
 The doctors worked for an hour to drive 
 air back into the water bloated lungs. It 
 was futile. 
 
 Tordio's body is still on the floor of the 
 river somewhere. He did not know the boy 
 he tried to save. 
 
 INVESTIGATION OF CAUSE OF 
 DROWNING 
 
 Boston Herald 
 
 The city authorities, the police and the 
 district attorney have been asked to in- 
 vestigate conditions at the deserted wharf 
 on Albany street at the foot of Union Park 
 where one boy was drowned on Tuesday 
 afternoon and another narrowly escaped 
 drowning on the morning of the same day. 
 Residents of the neighborhood say that in 
 the last decade the place has claimed no 
 less than seven victims and has been the 
 
 scene of a score of accidents more or less 
 serious. 
 
 So far no one directly responsible for the 
 recurring fatalities has been found. The 
 premises are private property, the boys who 
 frequent the place are trespassers under 
 the law, the city believes that it has no 
 right to interfere and the police of the dis- 
 trict say that the only way they could deal 
 with the situation would be to have an 
 officer stationed on the ground day and 
 night. 
 
 With a frontage of some 200 feet on 
 Albany street the lot extends back over a 
 grass-grown area about 50 feet to the 
 South bay. At the edge of the water are 
 the ruins of an old pier, a stretch of broken 
 boards and a group of broken piles. 
 
 The whole place is absolutely open to 
 the street and is unguarded by fence or 
 barrier of any kind. It has all the attrac- 
 tions of a playground and swimming hole 
 and is doubly alluring to the lads of the 
 neighborhood owing to the fact that they 
 have been warned off from time to time by 
 the police. 
 
 All during the summer scores of boys of 
 all ages, but chiefly between 5 and 14 years, 
 haunt the old wharf, jumping from pile to 
 pile or taking an occasional dip when the 
 officer on the beat is not looking. From 
 the shore the channel shelves down sharply 
 to a depth of about 30 feet. 
 
 The nature of the danger was shown 
 Tuesday afternoon. Alexander Penney, 
 the 7-year-old son of Alexander Penney of 
 114 Maiden street, while playing fireman 
 with several companions among the piles, 
 slipped and fell into the water. His body 
 disappeared and was not found until it 
 was picked up yesterday morning near the 
 Dover street bridge by the crew of the 
 policeboat Watchman. 
 
 In the morning of the same day Arthur 
 York, 5 years old, of Albany street, stum- 
 bled overboard and was rescued with con- 
 siderable difficulty by John Melanphy, 
 who was forced to dive before he could 
 bring the boy to the surface. 
 
 Similar accidents have happened in the 
 past with such frequencj' that the citizens 
 of the neighborhood are demanding that 
 
FIRES AND ACCIDENTS 
 
 41 
 
 some action be taken to close the wharf 
 and keep the children away from it. Jo- 
 seph E. Ferreira of 1 Pelham street, a 
 business man, well known politically in the 
 section, circulated a petition asking the 
 city to take action. There were over 250 
 signers, but when the petition was pre- 
 sented to the mayor it was found that the 
 city had no legal right to act. Mr. Ferreira 
 has since appealed to the district attorney 
 and to the police in an attempt to have the 
 wharf fenced in. 
 
 Mayor Fitzgerald paid a personal visit 
 to the scene of Tuesday's accidents yester- 
 day morning. He looked over the ground 
 carefully and interviewed numerous small 
 boys who had been attracted to the spot. 
 Several of them were playing about the 
 wharf end, apparently unmindful of the 
 danger. 
 
 "The situation here is a deplorable one," 
 said Mayor Fitzgerald, "but up to the 
 present I have been unable to discover any 
 way in which the city can act. The prem- 
 ises are privately owned, and the city, so 
 far as I am informed, has no right to fence 
 the place in or otherwise block it from the 
 street. 
 
 "Something should be done, however, 
 to prevent the recurrence of drowning 
 accidents. It would seem that much of the 
 trouble would be obviated if the owners 
 would consent to erect a high board fence. 
 I believe also that the police might be a bit 
 more vigilant, although I realize that the 
 only sure way to keep boys off a lot like 
 this would be to have an officer stationed 
 here all the time. 
 
 "The place as it stands is a temptation 
 to every child who loves the water. In the 
 hot weather it is bound to lure about every 
 healthy boy in the vicinity. If funds were 
 available, I should suggest that the happi- 
 est solution of the difficulty would be for 
 the city to take the land over and trans- 
 form it into a bathing park. The neigh- 
 borhood is crowded and the nearest public 
 bathing place is at Dover street. 
 
 "The accident calls attention to the 
 relatively small number of our boys that 
 can swim. I have always advocated swim- 
 ming instruction for our children, and the 
 
 fatality of Tuesday only emphasizes the 
 need of it." 
 
 Mayor Fitzgerald allowed himself to be 
 photographed at the spot where the acci- 
 dent occurred, and as he did so seven ur- 
 chins grouped themselves about him. Six 
 of them were under 10 years and the other 
 13 years old. 
 
 "How many of you boys can swim?" 
 asked the mayor. 
 
 The six younger boys shook their heads 
 and the oldest admitted that he could "a 
 little." 
 
 "That is a fair example of conditions," 
 said Mayor Fitzgerald, "and a good argu- 
 ment against allowing a place like this to 
 exist." 
 
 The property has been idle for a number 
 of years and is said to have been the sub- 
 ject of Utigation. The assessors' books 
 give the owners of the property as Grant 
 and Ahce Nil son, neither of whom is a 
 resident of Boston. 
 
 If the owners do not take measures to 
 shut the old wharf from the street, Mr. 
 Ferreira and a number of other South End 
 residents say they will appeal to the courts 
 in an effort to secure a remedy. 
 
 BOY SAVES DROWNING MAN 
 New York World 
 
 Johnny Donivan, fifteen years old, No. 
 2005 Second avenue, went down to the 
 Battery yesterday to look for a job, and 
 the only job he found was to save a man 
 from drowning. Johnny had no objection 
 to saving a drowning man, but was much 
 disappointed at not finding work, for his fa- 
 ther has been out of a job since last Christ- 
 mas, and there are eight in the family. 
 
 Daniel Wilson, who has been a deep-sea 
 fireman, went to sleep on a pier and rolled 
 off into the bay, striking his head on a rock. 
 Then he floated seaward. 
 
 Johnny Donivan jumped in after Wilson. 
 With both hands the fireman grabbed 
 the boy so tightly around the throat that 
 he almost squeezed the breath out of him. 
 
 Johnny seized the man around the waist, 
 was pulled under water twice, but swam 
 
42 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 with Wilson to the pier, where the Liberty- 
 Island steamer makes fast. PoUceman 
 Joseph Murry hauled them out. 
 
 John Brown, watchman in the Barge 
 OflSce, lent Johnny Donivan his old shirt 
 and trousers while the boy's raiment was 
 drying in the sunshine. Johnny said he had 
 a place in a picture frame store in Beaver 
 street until eight weeks ago when he was 
 let out. The only one in the family work- 
 ing is one of Johnny's sisters, and she earns 
 $3 a week as a dressmaker's apprentice. A 
 year ago he dived into the East River at 
 One Hundred and Second street and saved 
 a ten-year-old boy from drowning. On 
 that occasion a pohceman gave him five 
 cents so he wouldn't have to walk home. 
 
 BABY DROWNS 
 
 Brooklyn Eagle 
 
 Mrs. Rose Stock left her rooms, on the 
 second floor of 550 South avenue, at 10 
 o'clock this morning to step across the 
 street to make some purchases at a gro- 
 cery store. As she closed the door, the 
 baby, Harriet, 3 months old, was sleeping 
 quietly in its crib, and Louis, 5 years old, 
 with Dorothy, 3 years old, her other chil- 
 dren, were playing. 
 
 Scarcely had the mother gone when an 
 idea seized one of the two. It was probably 
 Louis, although he credited Dorothy with 
 it when asked about it. Why not take the 
 baby out of its crib and give it a bath in 
 the tub, as they had seen mother do so 
 often? It was a brilliant thought. So Louis 
 went and fetched the baby and took it to 
 the bathroom. 
 
 The tub was full of water and clothes, 
 for Mrs. Stock had been washing there the 
 night before, and had not finished soaking 
 the clothes. They set the baby in the 
 water, which was about a foot deep. The 
 baby gasped, gurgled and was stiU. It did 
 not appear to enter into the spirit of the 
 game at all. 
 
 Louis had never seen the baby so quiet 
 before when its mother bathed it. He 
 could not quite make out just what was 
 wrong, but a vague foreboding that he had 
 
 done something he ought not to came over 
 him. He ran out into the hall and met his 
 mother returning with her arms laden with 
 groceries for the dinner hour. 
 
 "Oh, mama!" he cried, "the baby is in 
 the water." 
 
 Mrs. Stock ran up the stairs, but before 
 she got there Mrs. Rose Leiser, a next-door 
 neighbor, had lifted little Harriet out of 
 the tub and laid her on the bed. 
 
 Dr. Joseph Strong of 566 Waite avenue 
 was called in and tried artificial respiration. 
 Every time he moved the little arms a jet 
 of water gushed from the baby's mouth. 
 His efforts were in vain. 
 
 When a reporter called at the little home 
 some time later, Mrs. Stock was seated in 
 one room surrounded by a semicircle of 
 sympathizing neighbors, and in the next 
 room Louis, who has sunny Lord Faunt- 
 leroy curls and a dimpled face, was down 
 on his knees looking through a photograph 
 album. He looked up at the visitor with 
 steady blue eyes and a smile when he was 
 asked who put the baby in the water. 
 
 "Dorey did," he replied. 
 
 "Where is the baby now?" 
 
 "I know," he said. "It's on the bed. 
 It's sleeping." 
 
 Then he turned to his photograph album, 
 but when a search was made for little 
 Dorothy, he led the way up the stairs and 
 showed the visitor how to open the door. 
 
 Brown-haired Dorothy, with ear-rings 
 in her ears, hid her face behind the skirts 
 of a neighbor. She thought the man who 
 came was going to take her away some- 
 where, and she hung her head. 
 
 "Louis put the baby in the water," she 
 said. That was aU she seemed to know 
 about it. Louis laughed and went back to 
 his album. He could not understand why 
 his mother was crying so in the next room. 
 Wasn't the baby on the bed just as she 
 had left it? 
 
 SHOOTING ACCIDENT 
 
 Chicago Tribune 
 
 Elgin, 111., Oct. 28.— [Special.]— Walter 
 Black, 17 year old son of August Black of 
 416 Carroll street, came home from a 
 
FIRES AND ACCIDENTS 
 
 43 
 
 hunting trip at 7 o'clock tonight and stood 
 his single barrel shotgun up in a corner of 
 the kitchen. 
 
 "Big bruvver's a sojer," hsped Harold 
 Black, 5 years old. 
 
 "Naw, there ain't any war in Elgin," 
 replied August, aged 11. 
 
 Walter went upstairs to change his 
 clothing. Harold went to the corner and 
 attempted to drag the heavy gun along. 
 t "Le's play sojers," he said. 
 
 "You ain't big enough to carry the gun," 
 retorted August. " Let me take it." 
 
 August took the gun, swung it across his 
 shoulder, and marched around the kitchen 
 shouting "Hep! Hep!" with Harold com- 
 posing the rear guard of the army. 
 
 "Now we're at the war," sang out Au- 
 gust. He turned suddenly and pointed the 
 weapon at Harold, his finger on the trigger. 
 There was a roar and a spit of flame. The 
 muzzle was only a few inches from the head 
 of the younger boy. He feU dead with the 
 whole charge in his head. 
 
 Mrs. Black ran to the kitchen and 
 fainted when she saw what had happened. 
 An inquest will be held tomorrow morn- 
 ing at 9 o'clock. 
 
 Note — The following three stories pub- 
 lished in Milwaukee evening papers should be 
 compared as different versions of the same inci- 
 dent in a suburb. 
 
 SEARCH FOR LOST CHILD 
 
 (1) 
 Milwaukee Evening Wisconsin 
 
 WEST ALLIS, Oct. 21.— After 2000 
 residents of West Allis had spent an entire 
 night searching for Walter, the 18-months'- 
 old son of Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Strong, 5402 
 Fargo avenue, the little fellow was found 
 sleeping in a coal bin in the basement of the 
 home of Mrs. Johanna Bitter, Fifty-fourth 
 and Fargo avenues. 
 
 The little lad had wandered away from 
 his father's yard on Friday afternoon and 
 reached the yard of Mrs. Bitter. While 
 at play near a basement window he prob- 
 ably tumbled through to the coal below. 
 
 There he slept soundly until early this 
 morning, when he was found by Mrs. 
 Bitter when she went to the basement to 
 clean out the bin. She picked the clnld up 
 and carried him in her arms to the home of 
 the distracted mother, who had been wait- 
 ing and watching all through the night for 
 the retm-n of her baby. 
 
 With a cry of joy she seized him and 
 clasped him to her breast and imprinted kiss 
 after kiss upon his face. The father, who, 
 with a party of neighbors, had been search- 
 ing every corner of the village, was notified 
 and hurried to his home to see his boy. ■■ 
 
 Walter was playing on Friday afternoon 
 with his brother Willie in the back yard 
 of the home. About 3 o'clock Willie went 
 into the house, and his mother asked where 
 Walter was. The brother told her that he 
 was playing in the yard. She was enter- 
 taining visitors and forgot about the lad 
 until after 4 o'clock. 
 
 When she went into the yard, the boy 
 was not there. She searched through the 
 neighborhoood for a time and then notified 
 her husband, who works at the Allis- 
 Chalmers plant. He organized a searching 
 party and spent the entire night with al- 
 most 2000 others in trying to locate the 
 baby. 
 
 At first it was feared that the child had 
 been kidnaped, as a man with a young 
 child was seen driving down Fargo avenue 
 shortly after the Strong child was missed 
 by the mother. 
 
 (2) 
 
 Milwaukee News 
 
 He was such a little chap — only 18 
 months old — and when he started out yes- 
 terday to take his pedestrian exercises, in 
 which he had not progressed very far, he 
 met with a mishap in tumbling through the 
 basement window of a neighbor's house 
 into the coal bin. 
 
 His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Ernest 
 Strong, Fiftyfourth and Fargo avenues, 
 called him Bootsie. When Bootsie found 
 himself in a pile of coal, it tickled his child- 
 ish fancy to learn what beautiful black 
 marks the coal made on his hands. ..- 
 
44 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 He tired of playing with the coal, rolled 
 over and went sound asleep. Then the 
 trouble started. An older brother who had 
 been left in the yard to watch the baby, 
 came into the house alone. 
 
 "Where's Bootsie?" the mother asked. 
 
 The little fellow shook his head and said 
 he didn't know. The mother ran to the 
 yard. No Bootsie was in sight. Inquiries 
 were made among the neighbors. Then 
 the news of the mysterious disappearance 
 of Bootsie traveled from mouth to mouth 
 until West AUis became aroused. 
 
 Deputy sheriffs got busy; the West Allis 
 police force was brought out; neighbors, 
 relatives and friends to the number of al- 
 most 1,000 gathered near the home. 
 
 The father came home to supper, learned 
 of his son's disappearance and was puzzled. 
 Mrs. Strong wept and at times was on the 
 verge of hysteria. Women called and tried 
 to comfort her. 
 
 Then a searching party of many hundred 
 started over the territory, "with a fine 
 tooth comb," the police said, to look for 
 Bootsie. 
 
 Ponds in the neighborhood were dragged, 
 and until far into the night, lanterns could 
 be seen bobbing over the fields, going here, 
 there, ever>T\'here, searching for Bootsie 
 Walter Strong, youngest son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Ernest Strong. 
 
 Then someone brought in a clew. An 
 evil-looking man with a black mustache 
 and smoking a cigarette was seen driving 
 through West Allis about 6 o'clock in the 
 evening. He had a child on his knees. 
 
 The child answered the description of 
 Bootsie. He was crying and struggling to 
 get away. The black mustached man 
 leered at people in driving by and dis- 
 appeared. 
 
 The child had been kidnaped! There 
 was no use denying it. Had not the clew 
 been almost conclusive? By midnight the 
 search for Bootsie had been abandoned. 
 Searchers returned home disheartened. 
 
 About 5 o'clock this morning Mrs. Jo- 
 hanna Bitter, who lives at 5418 Fargo 
 avenue on property adjoining the Strong 
 home, went to the basement to get some 
 potatoes. 
 
 There on top of the coal pile was Bootsie 
 — he of the mysterious disappearance — 
 sound asleep, with his mouth open. The 
 child was carried home by Mrs. Bitter, 
 and when the crowd of last night's search- 
 ers called at the Strong home again this 
 morning, it was met by the wide-eyed Boot- 
 sie, munching on a cookie, with evidence 
 of coal dust still lingering in his golden 
 hair. 
 
 (3) 
 
 Milwaukee Journal 
 
 If Walter Strong, 18 months, 5402 Fargo- 
 av. West Allis, were to try and make up 
 during the next four years the sleep that 
 he caused to be lost Friday night, he would 
 fail. It would be impossible because 2,000 
 nights o' sleep went a-glimmering in the 
 twelve hours of darkness. 
 
 But that doesn't worry Walter Strong, 
 18 months. Not at all. That sleep didn't 
 belong to him, but was the property of 
 2,000 neighbors. 
 
 Friday afternoon, when the baby's 
 father, Ernest Strong, was at work in the 
 Allis-Chalmers plant and his mother, Mrs. 
 Anna Strong, was busy with her household 
 duties, yoimg Walter toddled out into the 
 yard in front of his home. That yard, the 
 street beyond and the highways and by- 
 ways that Walter could indistinctly see 
 stretching out before him, were to him 
 as were the unexplored new worlds to 
 Columbus. 
 
 It was 3 p. m. when Walter began his 
 journey. At 6 p. m. he had not returned. 
 Strong had come home; the mother had 
 noticed that her baby was missing, and a 
 search was begun. At 9 p. m. Walter was 
 still missing. An alarm was spread in the 
 neighborhood. 
 
 Then the search began. The good neigh- 
 bors of West Allis scurried to and fro, lis- 
 tening to stories of kidnaping, following 
 various clews, telling of strange men seen 
 in the neighborhood and, altogether, cre- 
 ating intense excitement. This lasted un- 
 til 6 a. m. Saturday. 
 
 What Baby Walter thought as he tod- 
 dled out of his yard cannot be told, for 
 
FIRES AND ACCIDENTS 
 
 45 
 
 Walter is unable to say. He walked up 
 Fargo-av until he observed a peculiar — to 
 him — scene. To most of us it would have 
 been an ordinary cottage at 5418 Fargo- 
 av, the home of Mrs. Johanna Bitter, but 
 to Walter there was a great cavern under- 
 neath a pile of wood. This cavern had a 
 screen across the mouth, and, peering 
 through, Walter could see a pUe of dark 
 stuff. To others that would have been a 
 cellar filled with coal. 
 
 Walter was highly interested in his dis- 
 covery and began to pry at the screen. 
 Ah! the screen moved! It opened! Walter 
 pushed his head inside and gazed about. 
 Then he tumbled in. 
 
 Perhaps he cried a little when he fell, 
 but if he did no one heard him. He soon 
 reconciled himself to his imprisonment 
 
 and began playing with objects at hand. 
 Soon, however, he became sleepy and what 
 makes a better bed than a large pile of 
 potato sacks? 
 
 So while his frantic parents and the 
 neighbors were searching for him. Baby 
 Walter slept peacefully wdthin a few hun- 
 dred feet of home and mother. 
 
 Early Saturday Mrs. Bitter, who lives 
 alone, entered her cellar to get some pota- 
 toes for breakfast. She carried no light, 
 and when she neared the bin, stumbled 
 over the sacks. The. baby cried out. 
 That ended his trip. 
 
 When Baby Walter sat on his father's 
 knee Saturday morning calmly munching a 
 biscuit, he blinked and smiled. The father 
 and mother were busy thanking the neigh- 
 bors for their interest and assistance. 
 
CHAPTER IV 
 
 POLICE NEWS AND CKIME 
 
 Tjrpe of story. Since police news ranges from slight misdemeanors to the 
 most serious of crimes such as murder and suicide, it offers widely different 
 material for news stories. Because of the general interest in the material 
 with which stories of crime deal, the purely informative story is sufficient in 
 itself to insure reading (cf. "Burglary," p. 54, and "Murder of Business 
 Man," p. 59). The strong personal element in stories of wrong-doing gives 
 occasion for effective human interest presentation in the informative story 
 (cf. "Forgery," p. d9, and "Street Car Bandit," p. 57). Amusing aspects 
 of minor offenses, and even of burglary, hold-ups, or fraud, often furnish 
 inspiration for humorous treatment (cf. "Charged with Intoxication," p. 48, 
 and "Hold-up," p. 57). 
 
 Purpose. In no other kind of news should the effect of the story on the 
 reader receive more careful consideration than in news of crime. The evil 
 effects of news stories of criminal acts on many readers have already been 
 pointed out (cf. p. 8). That these destructive influences can be offset 
 to a considerable extent by constructive handling of news has also been 
 shown. In order that the crime story may have a deterrent effect, the crime 
 must be shown to be wrong, even though the wrong-doer deserves some 
 sympathy. The results of wrong-doing, not only in the form of legal punish- 
 ment imposed but in the remorse and the pangs of guilty conscience that the 
 wrong-doer suffers, as well as in the disgrace that he brings to others through 
 his criminal acts, when emphasized in news stories tend to deter others 
 from risking the dangers of such penalties. 
 
 Constructive presentation of crime news may also include emphasis on 
 underlying causes and responsibility, especially when these can be traced to 
 bad conditions in the community or in society as a whole, since such em- 
 phasis leads readers to consider the necessity for changing the conditions 
 that are directly or indirectly responsible for the criminal acts. In so far as 
 the criminal is the victim of these circumstances it may be legitimate to 
 create a sympathetic understanding of his act (cf. "Hold-up," p. 56, and 
 "Story of Escaped Convict," p. 68). 
 
 A danger in writing stories of crime lies in creating sympathy for the 
 
POLICE NEWS AND CRIME 
 
 47 
 
 undeserving wrong-doer by a sentimental treatment of him and his act. 
 By making more or less of a hero of him, news stories may lead undiscrimi- 
 nating readers to regard him and his crime as not unworthy of emulation. 
 There is also a temptation in writing crime stories to sacrifice truth and 
 accuracy of detail in order to secure greater picturesqueness or stronger 
 dramatic situations, but such treatment is an indefensible deviation from 
 the fundamental duty of presenting the news fairly and accurately. 
 
 Whatever influence a story of crime may have on the reader should be 
 the result of the reporter's selection and presentation of the actual facts. 
 Morahzing or " editoriahzing " concerning the facts is not only unnecessary 
 but undesirable in news stories. 
 
 Treatment. Dramatic narrative and vivid description, when true to the 
 facts of the news, are both legitimate and commendable. It is important 
 to keep consistently to one point of view in arranging and presenting the 
 details, particularly in constructive stories. Available material for making 
 the narration and the description effective includes confessions, interviews 
 with witnesses and persons involved, and clues to the identity of the perpe- 
 trator or to the solution of any mysterious phases of the crime. Fairness 
 requires that persons accused of wrong-doing as well as their accusers be 
 given a hearing in news stories. It must also be remembered that a person 
 accused of crime is not a criminal unless he has been convicted; until he 
 has been found guilty, he is described as an "alleged" criminal, or is said 
 to be "charged" with the crime. 
 
 Contents. In police news and crime stories details of significance are: 
 (1) number of lives destroyed or endangered; (2) names of victims; (3) 
 names of persons charged with the crime; (4) arrests of suspects and detention 
 of witnesses; (5) clues to the identity of the perpetrators when these are 
 not known; (6) causes, motives, and responsibihty, known or conjectured; 
 (7) amount and character of loss; (8) methods employed in commission of 
 the crime; (9) measures to prevent similar crimes. 
 
 BOY RUNS AWAY 
 
 Chicago Herald 
 
 Somewhere between Chicago and Lans- 
 ing, Mich., Harvey L. New, a fair-haired 
 boy of 14, is wandering along the dusty 
 roads carrying a nightcap, a pocket full of 
 feed and Sarah Jane, a stub-toed chicken. 
 
 In his boyish heart he carries a love for 
 
 his chicken, the life of which he felt bound 
 to save at the cost of his home. 
 
 Harvey visits his grandfather's farm near 
 Lansing every simimer. A year ago his 
 grandmother presented him with Sarah 
 Jane, then only three weeks old. 
 
 He brought the chicken to his home at 
 4969 Prairie avenue and built a coop in 
 the back yard. Every morning he arose 
 
48 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 early and fed and fondled the chicken. 
 When he returned from school his first 
 thought was for Sarah Jane. 
 
 One night last winter the cold pene- 
 trated the cellar where he kept her and 
 froze off her toes. He nursed her until she 
 got well. 
 
 As time went on his love for the chicken 
 grew. The chicken also grew, until one day 
 Harvey's parents jokingly remarked that 
 she was getting large enough for a stew. 
 
 Harvey shuddered, but said nothing. 
 Last Sunday his parents again threatened 
 to sacrifice his pet. 
 
 Early Monday morning, when Harvey's 
 father entered the boy's room, he found 
 his son gone. In the mud beneath the bed- 
 room window he saw footprints. He made 
 a search about the house. 
 
 Then he noticed that Sarah Jane also 
 was gone, likewise a coop that Harvey had 
 made from an old fruit crate. The boy's 
 nightcap, presented to him by his grand- 
 mother, also was missing. Harvey has not 
 been heard from since. 
 
 "I beheve the boy actually thought I 
 was going to kill his beloved pet," said his 
 broken-hearted father, James New, yester- 
 day. "He probably will try to make his 
 way to the home of his grandparents in 
 Michigan. He loved his grandmother more 
 than an3^body else in the world, with the 
 possible exception of Sarah Jane." 
 
 When Harvey left he wore a gray suit, 
 a brown overcoat and a blue cap. He 
 stammers slightly when excited. 
 
 Harvey's father has promised that Sarah 
 Jane never will be made into stew. 
 
 "ASLEEP AT THE SWITCH" 
 
 New York Times 
 
 Frank H. Thompson of 981 West Fifty- 
 second Street, who runs an elevator on 
 ordinary days, took a day off yesterday and 
 celebrated so heartily that, when he tried 
 to buy a ticket to the Crescent Theatre, a 
 moving picture and vaudeville house at 
 1,175 Boston Road, the Bronx, at 6:30 
 o'clock last evening, they refused to admit 
 him. Thompson then strolled down an 
 
 alley leading to the stage entrance, and 
 finding no one at the door, stepped inside, 
 leaned heavily against the waU, and went 
 to sleep. 
 
 Inside the theatre, where 600 persons 
 were gathered to watch the election re- 
 turns, which were flashed on the screen 
 between acts, there was great excite- 
 ment, for all the lights went out, even 
 those of the electric sign outside the place. 
 Thompson had leaned against the master 
 switch. 
 
 They found him there, turned the lights 
 up again and turned him over to Policeman 
 Fitzgerald, who locked him up in the Mor- 
 risania Station. 
 
 CHARGED WITH INTOXICATION 
 
 New York World 
 
 Business has been bad with Isaac Ein- 
 stein, who keeps a "gents'" clothing and 
 furnishing emporimn, No. 918 Paris avenue, 
 the Bronx. 
 
 To encom-age trade he marked down his 
 goods untU it was a shame to take them at 
 the prices he asked. The gilded youth of 
 the Bronx could buy of Einstein a suit of 
 evening clothes "hke King Edward wears, 
 $2.98: reduced from $29.80." Still, nobody 
 would buy the suit. 
 
 The lack of customers made Einstein de- 
 spondent. It is suspected that yesterday 
 he sought to drown his low spirits in others. 
 After a rather long absence he returned to 
 his store and began to act as if the thought 
 had struck him, "If I can't sell 'em I can 
 give 'em away." 
 
 Einstein pulled in the first man that 
 came along and made him a present of a 
 pair of trousers. 
 
 "They cost me $4 wholesale," said Ein- 
 stein, tearfully. "I can't sell 'em for $1.50. 
 You've got fine legs; you will show off this 
 check well. Take 'em, my friend, take 'em. 
 But take my advice, too. You are a mar- 
 ried man? Yes. You have children? Yes. 
 Don't wear 'em in the house when the 
 babies are asleep." 
 
 To the next man Einstein gave "a real 
 Panama straw hat" knocked down from 
 
POLICE NEWS AND CRIME 
 
 49 
 
 $19 to 90 cents; to the third a suit of near- 
 silk underwear such as "the Sultan wears 
 when he goes visiting." 
 
 In a very short time 500 men and boys 
 were scuffling to get into the store. Patrol- 
 man Buck could not restrain the mob, and 
 sent for the reserves of the Alexander 
 avenue police station. 
 
 "At last I have a bargain crowd," cried 
 Einstein. "See what a rush." 
 
 Einstein thoughtlessly left his store. 
 Policeman Buck grabbed him, charged him 
 with intoxication and locked him up. Then 
 Buck locked up the store. 
 
 SWINDLE 
 
 New York Tribune 
 
 Frederick A. White, fifty-six years old, 
 who says he is a broker and lives at No. 
 345 West 116th street, was arrested yester- 
 day by Detectives Fitzsimmons and Flood, 
 of the District Attorney's office, charged 
 with swindling James H. Burns, of Knox- 
 ville, Tenn., out of lumber land in Marion, 
 N. C, worth $65,000. 
 
 Burns says that through fraud and mis- 
 representation White obtained possession 
 of the deeds to the property on May 10. 
 Burns became suspicious, and, coming to 
 this city, went to Police Headquarters, 
 where, according to the police, he picked 
 out White's picture, No. 4,391, in the 
 Rogues' Gallery. He then communicated 
 with the District Attorney's office, and 
 the alleged swindler was arrested in the 
 office of W. E. Wells & Co., lumber dealers, 
 at No. 29 Broadway. 
 
 Burns, who is staying at the Hoffman 
 House, is the owner of extensive lumber 
 lands in South Carolina. He came to this 
 city in January, and advertised in an organ 
 of the lumber trade that he had some prop- 
 erty for sale. He says White, representing 
 himself as a broker, called on him in an- 
 swer to the advertisement, and said he had 
 a prospective purchaser of the land. He 
 introduced Burns to Frederick A. Cannon, 
 who lives in The Bronx, as the ostensible 
 purchaser. The negotiations which fol- 
 lowed were completed in Washington. 
 
 Burns was to receive two bonds for 
 $25,000 each and three notes for $5,000 
 each, he says. The bonds, he understood, 
 were guaranteed by a trust company of 
 this city. The notes were for three, five 
 and seven months. 
 
 Shortly after the transfer of the property 
 to Cannon it passed into the hands of the 
 Standard Lumber Company, of which 
 White is president and Cannon is vice- 
 president. Burns says he tried to get pos- 
 session of the $25,000 bonds but failed, 
 notwithstanding repeated demands. 
 
 When the first note fell due, on August 
 20, Burns did not receive the $5,000. Then 
 the man from Tennessee grew suspicious, 
 and on investigation he learned that the 
 bonds were not guaranteed. He learned 
 also, he says, that the Standard Lumber 
 Company consisted of three shares valued 
 at $5 each. 
 
 The title to the land subsequently 
 changed hands again, this time to the 
 Southern Lumber Company. 
 
 White was arrested, the police say, about 
 five years ago, under the name of Wilce. 
 
 FORGERY 
 
 Kansas City Star 
 
 Sister sick. No w^ork. Money gone. 
 Everything that could be pawned or sold 
 outright gone. Then Laura Walsington, 
 20 years old, 14 West Thirty-second Street, 
 took to forgery. 
 
 That was in July. Since then she has 
 cashed forged checks for sums from $15 to 
 $75. She was arrested this morning, was 
 taken to police headquarters and there 
 confessed. 
 
 Slumped down in a chair in the office of 
 Larry Ghent, chief of detectives, she wept 
 bitterly. 
 
 "Sister and I were living together," she 
 said. "Then she got sick. She had to go 
 to a hospital and be operated on. We had 
 a little money, but that soon went. Then 
 I pawned everything I had, and then ev- 
 erything Sis had. Then those things were 
 gone. Then I lost my position. I was des- 
 perate." 
 
so 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 After that, she said, she decided on 
 forgery. 
 
 On receipts for supplies of butter and 
 eggs, she had the name of a dairyman of 
 Parkton, Kas. After practicing the name 
 until proficiency had been acquired, she 
 telephoned to a Lakeview bank to inquire 
 if the dairyman's checks were good. In- 
 formed they were, she began, July 23, to 
 cash checks, signed in his name. The 
 Eagle Clothing Company, the Smith Gar- 
 ment Company and the WUson Coal & 
 Coke Company all cashed checks for her 
 aggregating $119. 
 
 The name of the physician who had at- 
 tended her sister was next. After practice, 
 Miss Walsington issued checks signed in his 
 name for sums totalling $170. The checks 
 were cashed at the London Cloak Com- 
 pany, Peck's, French Cloak and Suit Com- 
 pany and the Mond Suit Company. 
 
 Then, November 10, Miss Walsington, 
 in a downtown bank, found a deposit slip 
 signed in a woman's name. After practicing 
 the signature, she telephoned the bank, in- 
 quiring if checks by that name would be 
 honored. She drew and cashed checks on 
 the woman for a total of $45. 
 
 Miss Walsington was arrested at the 
 Wilson Coal and Coke Company this 
 morning. She was recognized as having 
 previously cashed bad checks there and 
 detained until the arrival of two detectives. 
 
 "I'U pay it all back," she cried in Chief 
 Ghent's office. "Only give me another 
 chance. Why, I've been respectable all my 
 life until tliis happened." 
 
 She is being held. 
 
 WORTHLESS CHECKS 
 
 Topeka Capital 
 
 Frank Green and Ruth Blair were child- 
 hood sweethearts at New Rapids, Kansas. 
 Five years ago, when both were 16 years 
 old, Ruth married a man named Bird, 13 
 years her senior. The bride moved away 
 while Frank remained in high school and 
 tried to forget. 
 
 Frank developed into a youthful speaker. 
 A year ago last September on Labor day, 
 
 Green, then 20 years old, delivered the 
 labor oration before 1,500 persons at New 
 Rapids. Then he went to Baker univer- 
 sity. Young Green played in several games 
 with the Baker football team and was ac- 
 tive in the debating societies. He returned 
 to his home in June to find his former sweet- 
 heart back in New Rapids. Her fife with 
 Bird had been unhappy and she had se- 
 cured a divorce. 
 
 The old friendship was renewed. In a 
 few weeks the two were married in Atchi- 
 son, "on the sly," as Green said, because 
 his parents did not approve of the match. 
 With a few hundred dollars the happy 
 couple left New Rapids to make their way. 
 First Green tried getting subscriptions for 
 magazines. This failing, other propositions 
 were tried in various towns, including St. 
 Joseph and Kansas City. The store of dol- 
 lars dwindled untU, when Mr. and Mrs. 
 Green reached Topeka from LawTence, 
 where they had looked vainly for work, 
 only $3 remained. That was a week ago 
 Saturday. 
 
 Still optimistic. Green took his wife to 
 the Fifth Avenue hotel, confident that he 
 could find work and meet expenses. But 
 work was lacking. Green says. Meanwhile 
 Frank Long, manager of the Fifth Avenue 
 hotel, suggested several times to Green 
 that his bUl had not been paid. 
 
 Completely discouraged Thursday, 
 Green cashed several small checks not 
 good. That night two suit cases were 
 lowered by a rope to the street from the 
 room occupied by the Greens. Then the 
 yoimg husband led his wife through the 
 hotel lobby "to find a dentist to help her 
 toothache," as he explained to the night 
 clerk. The two went to the Santa Fe sta- 
 tion and boarded train No. 117, Oklahoma 
 City bound. J 
 
 A telegram from Sheriff L. L. Kiene ar- ^ 
 rived ahead of Mr. and Mrs. Green. When 
 they entered the Oklahoma City station 
 they were arrested. 
 
 "We were taken to the city jail like 
 murderers," said Green. 
 
 Saturday Sheriff Kiene arrived. The re- 
 turn trip was ended last night, when Mr. 
 and Mrs. Green slept in the county jail. 
 
POLICE NEWS AND CRIME 
 
 51 
 
 Penitent would hardly describe the feel- 
 ing of the two as expressed to big-hearted 
 Sheriflf Kiene. Pretty Mrs. Green was 
 nearly a nervous wreck from the continued 
 uncertainty and the shocks. Apparently it 
 is the first affair with the law for either. 
 
 "My record has been clear," said Green. 
 "I never have been arrested before. One 
 hallowe'en night they almost got me, but I 
 outran the cop." 
 
 How the present escapade will end, is not 
 known. Last night Green prayed for an- 
 other chance for his wife and himself. 
 
 "I wUl make good," he said. 
 
 Note — How, with additional information, 
 a striking follow-up story can be written a few 
 hours after the first story was published is well 
 illustrated by the following two stories, the first 
 of which appeared in the Saturday evening edi- 
 tion and the second in the Sunday morning edi- 
 tion of the same paper. 
 
 EMBEZZLEMENT 
 
 (1) 
 
 Kansas City Star, Saturday evening 
 edition 
 
 John E. Jones, jr., formerly a clerk at 
 the Merchants Bank, which day before 
 yesterday was absorbed by the Commercial 
 Trust Company, is being detained at police 
 headquarters this afternoon pending an in- 
 vestigation of his accounts. He is about 
 22 years old and is married. It was asserted 
 there was a discrepancy amounting to 
 something hke $9,000. 
 
 The difference was found when an audit 
 of the books of the Merchants Bank was 
 made in turning over its money, books and 
 business to the Commercial Trust Com- 
 pany. 
 
 In a statement made to the police this 
 afternoon young Jones told a queer story. 
 He admitted falsifying the books for an 
 amount he calculated to be about $9,800. 
 But he said that he received only about 
 $500 of that amount, the rest going to a 
 lawyer friend. The lawyer is being de- 
 tained and questioned this afternoon in the 
 office of Larry Ghent, chief of detectives. 
 
 There is some doubt as to whether the 
 lawyer would be criminally liable although 
 he got most of the money. 
 
 Jones lives at 4510 Walker St. He did 
 not dissipate or spend recklessly and it is 
 believed he can restore the greater part of 
 the money. 
 
 This was the method of the bookkeeper 
 and his lawyer friend. The friend wrote 
 checks on an account he had in the Mer- 
 chants Bank. When the canceled checks 
 appeared at the Merchants Bank from the 
 clearing house to be charged against the 
 lawyer's account, they first went to Jones, 
 whose task at the bank gave him that op- 
 portunity. He held out those checks and 
 destroyed them. He covered the discrep- 
 ancy by making a false entry on his books. 
 
 Jones says he received $160 at one time 
 with which he purchased a motor cycle, 
 but the rest of his share went to him, he 
 says, in comparatively small amounts. 
 
 Young Jones told the police that he had 
 been forced by the lawyer to keep up the 
 system of destroying checks and falsifying 
 the books after once he started, for fear of 
 being exposed. The bookkeeper said that 
 he first fell into the clutches of the lawyer 
 when the attorney representing an install- 
 ment furniture house, threatened to take 
 back the furniture he had partly paid for. 
 A payment was due on it and the book- 
 keeper could not meet it. He says the law- 
 yer proposed the scheme for destroying the 
 checks and falsifying the accounts. Once 
 he started, Jones said, his master made 
 him keep it up. The amounts of the checks 
 at first were comparatively small, but they 
 kept getting larger until one day the lawj^er 
 compelled him to put over a check for 
 $2,000. 
 
 At 3:30 o'clock this afternoon the police 
 were still investigating the lawyer. He 
 cashed the checks, but was in no way con- 
 nected with the bank. 
 
 (2) 
 
 Kansas City Star, Sunday morning edition 
 
 After drifting in a current that both 
 knew must lead to wrack and ruin, two 
 Kansas City men are on the rocks today. 
 
52 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 One is Henry A. Black, 47, smart lawyer 
 and man of affairs. His companion in dis- 
 honor is John E. Jones, jr., 21, a paUid 
 bank bookkeeper. 
 
 Accompanied by detectives and lawyers, 
 Black went to his offices in the Commercial 
 Building yesterday afternoon and produced 
 from his safe cancelled checks totalling 
 $9,800. The checks, drawn on his account 
 at the Merchants Bank, had been paid by 
 the bank but never charged against him. 
 Jones, the tool in this game of foolish 
 finance, pocketed them as they came in. 
 
 Around Black were men in whose class 
 the law>-er had only recently counted him- 
 self. They were all staring at him. He felt 
 the need of explanation. He spoke slowly: 
 
 "I was vmder a great financial strain 
 and I had to resort to methods of raising 
 money that otherwise I never would have 
 used." 
 
 He said nothing more and the little 
 group returned to poUce headquarters. 
 Black and the young bookkeeper, who for 
 months had juggled the law>'er-promoter's 
 account at the bank, were held in jail over 
 night. Tomorrow both will be charged 
 with a felony, the prosecutor said last night. 
 
 Black is a church member and was for 
 many years a Sunday school teacher. He 
 is a cold man and even his close friends 
 have known only in a general way about 
 his business affairs. He was an exceptional 
 scholar. In the last ten years he has not 
 practiced much at the law, but has sought 
 to promote telephone corporations and large 
 land businesses. He has a lot of that force 
 that is sometimes called character but 
 more often described as personahty. He 
 was the first man possessed of any con- 
 siderable personal magnetism who ever 
 came into the life of John Jones, bank 
 clerk. 
 
 The man of affairs began to notice 
 Jones months ago and Jones glowed under 
 the attention. IMarried at 18 to a girl a 
 year his junior, earning for a time $35 a 
 month, while his wife added to this by 
 wages from a wholesale coffee house, Jones 
 had had a dull life. He had been graduated 
 from a grade school at 14 and gone through 
 a business college. Several jobs followed 
 
 and he finally worked in one bank until his 
 salary was raised to $50 a month. After 
 that he helped his father in a grocery and 
 then went to work for the Merchants Bank 
 for $70 a month. When that bank was 
 absorbed by the Commercial Trust Com- 
 pany last week, he was getting $75. 
 
 This was the young bookkeeper, pallid, 
 unassuming, rather thin chested, beside 
 whose place at the bank railing Black, one 
 of the bank's customers, stopped one morn- 
 ing. 
 
 Black asked how his checks totaled. 
 The bookkeeper, returning in a moment, 
 told him his account would be overdrawn 
 $110. Black thanked him, said he would 
 go out and get the money, and passed a 
 10-cent cigar over the railing. 
 
 Many times this happened, Jones said 
 yesterday. His pocket was quite used to 
 the "feel" of one or two good cigars by 
 now. 
 
 Then one day Jones, the bank clerk, 
 needed a friend. He had lost a little home 
 out on Walker Avenue which he had sought 
 to buy on installments. Now an install- 
 ment house was threatening him for furni- 
 ture purchased. 
 
 Well, he guessed he had a friend, a 
 lawyer-friend, too. His intimacy with the 
 man, whom he considered one of the bank's 
 best customers, had grown. Black now 
 was trusting the bookkeeper to notify him 
 whenever that exasperating account was 
 about to be overdra'^vTi. 
 
 Jones was not disappointed. The install- 
 ment people were placated. In one inter- 
 view his friend of the 10-cent cigars ar- 
 ranged a basis of settlement and even 
 advanced the first payment of $7.50. 
 
 This was the story that Jones told yes- 
 terday to a roomful of law\-ers, bankers and 
 bond company representatives, and to one 
 woman — the little girl who had married 
 him at 17. 
 
 In the next chapter it was his benefactor 
 who needed a favor. 
 
 It was in the power of the bank book- 
 keeper, the financial weakling, to favor the 
 man of affairs. Black had wTitten more 
 checks than he could meet. He wanted a 
 check for $100 held out for a day. It would 
 
POLICE NEWS AND CRIME 
 
 53 
 
 be easy for the bookkeeper to slip it from 
 the pile that came in from the clearing 
 house. Of course, the man of affairs might 
 ask Mr. White, the cashier. But some- 
 times Mr. White was willing to favor and 
 sometimes not. It depended a good deal 
 on how he felt. And this was important. 
 
 That $100 check was not made good 
 the next day. It went over to the "next 
 day." 
 
 Others, at the insistance of the man of 
 affairs, were added to this. 
 
 The picture Jones drew in the minds of 
 those that heard him was of a nervous 
 young man, hurrying from the bank to 
 the office of the man of affairs and greeting 
 him with all the apprehension that had 
 grown upon him every time he looked at a 
 bank book. 
 
 "For God's sake get this money and get 
 this straightened up." 
 
 "Now, that's all right. I'll look after 
 this." 
 
 And after a few minutes Jones would be 
 surprised to find himself picking up some 
 of the other's confidence. He would go 
 back to his post confident that the money 
 would soon be raised and his duplicity to- 
 ward his employers wiped away. 
 
 Jones would get such messages as these: 
 
 "Meet me at 7:30 in the morning." 
 
 "Drop in at 6 o'clock at night." 
 
 "93, 94, 95, 96 are coming in. Take care 
 of them." 
 
 It had reached $9,800 when the prospec- 
 tive consolidation threatened disclosure. 
 
 Jones had the advice of the man of 
 affairs — to keep quiet and trust in him as 
 his lawyer. 
 
 When arrest came Friday, Jones called 
 for his lawyer. The lawyer was at church. 
 The messenger reached the church too 
 late. 
 
 At midnight Black was at police head- 
 quarters. The police would not let him see 
 his young client. At 8 o'clock yesterday 
 morning, and again at 10 o'clock. Black 
 was back at the jail. But Jones, under the 
 sweating of the detectives, was keeping his 
 faith. 
 
 Then his young wife, leaving their 2- 
 year-old baby at home, came into the room. 
 
 She pleaded for the truth. Then Jones 
 took her hand and told the queer, pitiful 
 story. 
 
 The chief of detectives stared hard. 
 
 "Can you tell that story before Black?" 
 the chief demanded. 
 
 In a Uttle while Black was brought into 
 the room. 
 
 The two men, so radically different in 
 character, education and manner, sat on 
 either side of a desk. 
 
 Again the young man told his story. 
 Black played with a lead pencil. 
 
 "Well, sir, what do you think of that?" 
 the detective chief asked sharply. 
 
 The answer was ready enough. 
 
 "The boy is having a wild dream. It is 
 preposterous!" 
 
 But a little while afterwards Black said, 
 briefly, that the cancelled checks, given 
 him by the accused clerk, were in his office 
 safe. 
 
 There the checks were found. And Black, 
 who had gone to the bank officials the day 
 before and pleaded for time for his chent's 
 sake, now pleaded for time for himself, 
 time in which to clean everything up, time 
 to make that restitution delayed so many 
 months. 
 
 In the matron's room at the jail were 
 the boy and his wife. They had been cry- 
 ing. 
 
 "A headache I've had for weeks is gone," 
 the boy said. 
 
 He was not vindictive. 
 
 "I was the fool," he said. "I thought 
 that he was prosperous and that it would 
 all come out right." 
 
 The disclosures of the day brought to 
 police headquarters another wife, Mrs. 
 Black, from the home at 215 Wilson Place. 
 With her was the Rev. A. Brittingham 
 Brown, Mr. Black's pastor. Black's 7- 
 year-old daughter was at home, asleep and 
 ignorant of the day's cumulative events. 
 
 Mrs. Black brought for her husband in 
 a valise a change of clothing. 
 
 Black was summoned from the cell-room 
 and conducted to the office of the night 
 captain. He came in, his hat puUed for- 
 ward, head bowed. 
 
 Then he saw his wife. They advanced to 
 
54 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 each other with open arms. They kissed 
 and hugged. Neither said a word for a 
 long time. 
 
 They all sat down, the wife holding her 
 husband's hand. 
 
 "We are very sorry, indeed, at this sud- 
 den trouble," the minister said. "The sym- 
 pathy of pastor and of members is with you 
 and we are going to stand by you. This is 
 a time to stand by a man." 
 
 Black and Mrs. Black wept. 
 
 Other friends entered the room. No one 
 spoke of the case and Black volunteered no 
 information. 
 
 After his friends had gone. Black went 
 back to the cellroom, leaving on the cap- 
 tain's desk the valise brought by his wife. 
 The pajamas inside would have given 
 slight comfort on the iron slats upon which 
 he was to sleep. 
 
 BURGLARY 
 
 San Francisco Chronicle 
 
 Diamonds and other stones to the value 
 of $3500 were stolen yesterday afternoon 
 from the apartments of Mrs. Dennis M. 
 Patrick at 1907 Woolworth street by a 
 burglar, who ran away in such haste that 
 he left jewelry to an equal value spread out 
 on the bed, besides money and other valu- 
 ables. 
 
 The burglar seems to have been familiar 
 with the hiding places of Mrs. Patrick's 
 valuables and with her movements as well. 
 While she was out of the house between 
 2 and 4 o'clock in the afternoon, he entered 
 the rear door with a key which he took 
 from the place where she had hidden it, 
 picked up a screwdriver in the kitchen, 
 and, going straight to the bedroom, pried 
 open the locked bureau drawer where the 
 jewels were. 
 
 The burglar spread the loot out on the 
 bed and was evidently engaged in sorting 
 and packing it up when Mrs. Patrick's 
 daughter, Dorothy, came home from school 
 at 3 : 30 o'clock. The little girl went up to 
 the back door, and, finding it locked, went 
 back to the street and down to the comer. 
 Apparently, when the child tried the back 
 
 door the burglar ran out through the front 
 way, as Mrs. Patrick fovmd that door open 
 when she came home half an hour later. 
 
 The stolen jewels included thirty-seven 
 diamonds, eight emeralds and eight pearls, 
 all set in platinum, principally in the shape 
 of rings and a lavalliere. Most of the stones 
 were heirlooms and prized by Mrs. Patrick 
 beyond their value. The jewels which the 
 burglar left behind in his hurry included a 
 diamond bracelet, besides other diamonds 
 and emeralds, and a quantity of gold jew- 
 elry. Several hundred dollars' worth of 
 silverware and about $20 in coin had 
 not been touched. But the burglar did 
 take about 55 cents from the little girl's 
 purse. 
 
 A cigarette on the floor, a room full of 
 smoke and an excellent set of finger prints 
 on a hand mirror, which Detective M. T. 
 Arey found last night, were all the clews 
 the burglar left. 
 
 BURGLARY 
 
 Chicago Herald 
 
 Helen Walker is 12 years old. Her father 
 is John Walker, a lawyer, and the family 
 resides in Oakland Park. Mr. Walker al- 
 ways has been proud of his daughter. But 
 he boasts about her now. 
 
 Helen's mother, when she kissed her girl 
 good-by yesterday morning, had said she 
 would not be home tUl late. That's why 
 Helen grew suspicious. 
 
 She heard some one walking upstairs 
 when she came home from school. It 
 couldn't be her father. And the step was 
 too heavy for her mother; and, besides, her 
 mother wasn't home. 
 
 So she tiptoed upstairs and into her 
 father's room, and she found a big revolver 
 in a bureau drawer. Then she walked 
 quietly into the room where the noise 
 seemed to come from. 
 
 She saw a man putting thmgs into a bag 
 — silverware, bric-a-brac, ornaments, jew- 
 elry — all her mother's pretty things. 
 
 The girl drew in her breath sharply. 
 The burglar turned. His little eyes glared 
 at her — a slim little creature with a halo of 
 
POLICE NEWS AND CRIME 
 
 55 
 
 golden hair and a revolver — and blue eyes 
 that looked into his unafraid. 
 
 For a moment they kept the pose. 
 Then— 
 
 "It's loaded," said the girl. "Don't you 
 think you'd better drop my mamma's 
 silver comb?" 
 
 The burglar did. Likewise a rope of 
 pearls. 
 
 "Hadn't you better turn the bag upside 
 down on the bed there?" the girl con- 
 tinued. 
 
 The burglar, without a word, complied. 
 
 Then she made him turn his pockets in- 
 side out, and, keeping the revolver trained 
 on him, walked him down the steps and 
 onto the porch. 
 
 And there he turned and spoke. 
 
 "Say, kid, you're all right," he affirmed, 
 and walked away. 
 
 And Helen went and told the neighbors 
 — and was afraid to go back into the home 
 she had just defended — until the arrival of 
 her mother. 
 
 HIGHWAY ROBBERY 
 Chicago Herald 
 
 About to be married and needing money, 
 Edward Russell, 19 years old, decided it 
 would be easier to steal the money than 
 work for it. 
 
 So he turned auto robber, and was cap- 
 tured with three other young men, after 
 they held up Edward Bessinger and took 
 his satchel, containing $3,000. They told 
 their stories yesterday in the Chicago ave- 
 nue police station and gave their strange 
 motives for becoming criminals. 
 
 "I was going to be married and knew I 
 would need a lot of money," said Russell. 
 "I couldn't get enough by working and 
 thought a holdup would be the best way." 
 
 John Harper said he joined the other 
 robbers because his father was in trouble. 
 
 "He is a saloon-keeper in Walsingham, 
 III., and was caught staying open after 
 hours," said Harper. "He needed money 
 to help him out, and the only way I had 
 to get it was to steal it." 
 
 "I was just trying to collect what Bes- 
 
 singer owed me," declared Arthur Ray- 
 mond, who planned the robbery . "I worked 
 in the Bessinger restaurant at Halsted and 
 Hamilton streets and got paid next to 
 nothing for it. You can't work for such 
 small wages and have any money. 
 
 "I decided I would get enough out of 
 Bessinger to pay me handsomely for the 
 time I worked there. I knew he carried 
 money in the satchel and planned the 
 holdup." 
 
 "Let the others talk themselves into the 
 penitentiary if they want to," said George 
 Wilson, the fourth prisoner. "I have 
 nothing to say about it. We tried and fell 
 down. That's all." 
 
 The four men were arrested after they 
 had run their automobile into a fence while 
 trying to escape with the satchel. They 
 had. knocked down Bessinger, who is a col- 
 lector for the Bessinger Restaurant Com- 
 pany, and the automobile ran over his leg, 
 causing the machine to swerve. The money 
 satchel was recovered. 
 
 THEFT OR LOSS 
 Milwaukee Evening Wisconsin 
 
 It will be Christmas without the "mer- 
 ry " for Jules Alexander, Brussels, Belgium, 
 who will spend it in Milwaukee penniless, 
 because of either an evil twist of fate or the 
 daring of a hotel thief. 
 
 Monsieur Alexander, a young Belgian, 
 is an American representative of a large 
 machinery plant in Brussels. He has been 
 in Milwaukee about two weeks and is stay- 
 ing at the Hotel Pfister. 
 
 Thursday afternoon M. Alexander de- 
 cided that his suit needed pressing. Hur- 
 riedly — it must have been hurriedly — he 
 made a change of wardrobe, rang for a 
 bellboy and had the suit taken down to the 
 hotel tailor. • ' ' 
 
 Little did M. Alexander know that a 
 $130 roU of crinkly American bills, prac- 
 tically his assets in toto, reposed in the 
 left hand hip pocket of the tailor-bound 
 trousers. In the newly donned suit there 
 was not a franc, not a sou, not even a 
 centime. 
 
56 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 Later in the afternoon, having left the 
 hotel, M. Alexander had use for some 
 change. He felt in his hip pocket and 
 found nothing. He found the same thing 
 in all his other pockets. All at once it 
 dawned on him that he had left the precious 
 roll of bills in the other suit, 
 
 M. Alexander went back to the hotel on 
 the run. He told the clerk of his loss. 
 Quickly but quietly a search for the lost 
 or stolen money was made through the 
 hotel, but without avail. Evidently both 
 tailor and bellboy declared that they knew 
 nothing of the money. 
 
 M. Alexander is positive that the roll of 
 bills was in the pocket of the trousers sent 
 down to the tailor. As the tailor is in the 
 same building, there was no chance of the 
 money's dropping on the street, and yet 
 the hotel corridors, elevators and lobbies 
 have been searched inch by inch. 
 I This morning M. Alexander went to the 
 central poUce station and reported the loss, 
 or theft. Detective Paul Pergande was de- 
 tailed on the case. 
 
 "It was 650 francs I lose; all I had, 
 aussi," said M. Alexander this morning, 
 with a deprecatory French shrug of the 
 shoulders. "I do not know what shall I do 
 if the gendarmerie, the poUce, soon do not 
 find the money. It is of a probability, cer- 
 tainement, that I can get some more, but 
 it will take time and I am what you call 
 'broke' — n'est-ce pas? 
 
 "You see, monsieiu-, my compagnie — it 
 is in Bruxelles — allow me an expense ac- 
 count and we representateefs do not carry 
 with us so much. That which one has 
 stolen is all that I had. Voila! 
 
 "I must find that money, monsieur. 
 Certainement I can explain to our New 
 York agents and they will send me some 
 money to live with. Assuredly I hope that 
 they will not doubt my explanation and 
 wonder how I use so much expense account. 
 Six hundred and fifty francs — it is much, 
 monsieur! 
 
 "King Albert, I? Oh, oui, we have a new 
 and fine king, but just now I worry so 
 about my money that I have not thought 
 much of our new king." 
 
 HOLD-UP 
 
 Kansas City Star 
 
 Liquor was responsible for starting out 
 two young men last night on a brief career 
 as holdup men which lasted only a few 
 hours and ended in cells at police head- 
 quarters at midnight. The men are Her- 
 bert Wilson, 24 years old, 910 East Nine- 
 teenth Street, and Sherwin Carter, 28 years 
 old, 143 Payne Avenue. Carter is married. 
 
 The holdups were eight in number, oc- 
 curring in the district between Twenty- 
 first and Thirty-seventh streets and Penn 
 Street and Forest Avenue. The loot ob- 
 tained amounted to $12 in cash, eight dia- 
 mond rings, four purses and three watches. 
 The robberies came in quick succession and 
 so did the calls of the victims to police 
 headquarters. Two policemen in a motor 
 car finally caught the pair at Linwood 
 Boulevard and Forest Avenue. 
 
 Carter is the son of Dr. Eugene Carter, 
 Hampshire Apartments, president of Stan- 
 dard Lumber Company. Doctor Carter, 
 when notified of his son's arrest, immedi- 
 ately blamed liquor for the young man's 
 downfall and said that ordinarily he was a 
 "good boy." 
 
 "I'd been drinking for three days and 
 didn't know what I was doing last night," 
 young Carter said this morning at police 
 headquarters. "I was out of a job and 
 didn't have any money to speak of. And, 
 say, I'm kind of responsible for Wilson's 
 getting into this, too. It was my scheme 
 to hold up people. 
 
 "I've been a little wild, but I've never 
 been in trouble for holding up people. 
 Say, this'U be hard on my wife." 
 
 Wilson, too, blamed liquor. 
 
 "I'd never have dreamed of robbing 
 people if I hadn't been drunk," he said. 
 "Carter thought it would be an easy way 
 to get some money and so we went and 
 borrowed a gun from a negro that he knew 
 and went to holding up people. I'd hold 
 the gun and Carter would search them." 
 
 Both men were shaking and wild-eyed 
 this morning. After their continued drink- 
 ing of whisky for three days, their nerves 
 were far from steady. 
 
POLICE NEWS AND CRIME 
 
 57 
 
 HOLD-UP 
 
 Kansas City Star 
 
 See now how real life beats the reel 
 life every now and then. Here, for in- 
 stance, is the strange history of The 
 Man in the Black Mask, as acted upon 
 the stage of Kansas City's streets in the 
 deserted hours of the morning when 
 everybody slumbers except holdup men, 
 belated wayfarers and policemen. 
 
 REAL I. 
 
 Ed Wilson, alias E. Harry Miller, known 
 in the family album at police headquarters 
 as a "gunman," fares forth very early this 
 morning with a companion to make his 
 living. At 2:30 o'clock at Thirteenth and 
 Charlotte streets, they meet a man and 
 begin their pleasant labors. 
 
 "Don't do it, gents," says the stranger, 
 "don't do it. It ain't perfessional. I'm 
 one of the same. Here's my gun and here's 
 my black mask. See?" 
 
 "Excuses," says Spokesman Ed. "Have 
 'em back. Luck to you." 
 
 REAL II. 
 
 Frank Mathis, one of those belated way- 
 farers who afford occupation to holdup 
 men, is held up half an hour later at Thir- 
 teenth and Charlotte streets by two men. 
 By the illumination of an arc light he ob- 
 serves the two closely. So does Timothy 
 Dalton, policeman. Timothy comes up 
 rapidly and the two flee, bombarding the 
 air, Timothy doing the same. The robbers 
 escape. 
 
 Mathis then furnishes Timothy descrip- 
 tions of the two, which Timothy, in tm-n, 
 furnishes police headquarters, which, in 
 turn, furnishes them to whatever policemen 
 can be reached by telephone, 
 
 REAL III. 
 
 (In two scenes.) 
 
 Scene I — Frank Hoover, another police- 
 man with insomnia, sees a man approach 
 him at Eleventh and Charlotte streets 
 
 about 4 o'clock. The man seems to answer 
 the description of one of the two holdup 
 chaps. 
 
 Hoover runs and so does the man. 
 
 Another batch of shots are fired. This 
 time they find lodging. 
 
 The fleeing man drops with a bullet in 
 the left leg and another in the left hip. 
 Hoover stoops down, picks up something 
 clutched in the wounded man's hand, 
 stares at it curiously, puts it in his pocket. 
 The ambulance arrives and the wounded 
 man is taken to the General Hospital. 
 
 Scene II — Furnished with descriptions 
 of the two fleeing holdup men, another 
 policeman at 4 o'clock at Tenth and Holmes 
 streets, arrests Ed Wilson, our hero of 
 "Real 1." 
 
 REAL IV. 
 
 At police headquarters today Wilson is 
 identified by Mathis as one of the pair who 
 held him up. 
 
 Wilson agrees with him and tells his 
 partner's name. 
 
 Mathis then goes to the hospital, but 
 fails to identify the wounded man, who 
 gives the name of Harry Walters. 
 
 From this Wilson gathers that the 
 wounded man is not his pal. 
 
 But who, then, is he? 
 
 "You say this Hoover cop picked up 
 something when he shot the fellow?" 
 queries Wilson. 
 
 "What was it?" 
 
 "A black mask, eh? Well, ain't that the 
 limit?" 
 
 "Why, that must be the fellow we held 
 up to begin with and turned loose because 
 he was in the business. 
 
 "And here he goes and gets shot be- 
 cause a cop thinks he looks like me. That 's 
 luck for you!" 
 
 STREET CAR BANDIT 
 
 Los Angeles Times 
 
 Two pairs of arms entwined the neck of 
 Harry Blair, wounded and confessed street- 
 car bandit, as he lay chained to a cot in the 
 Emergency Hospital yesterday morning. 
 
58 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 While his young wife embraced him, sob- 
 bing, their year-old baby laughed and 
 cooed. He crawled across the pillow on 
 which Blair's head rested, and, snuggling 
 close to his father, threw his chubby arms 
 around Blair's neck. 
 
 Hospital folk and the police are used to 
 pathetic scenes in the hospital, but that 
 sight seemed too much for them, and 
 silently they stole from the ward and closed 
 the door, leaving the wife to her grief, the 
 husband to whatever thoughts he had, and 
 the innocent babe to its joy. 
 
 It was a decidedly hard-luck story that 
 the Blairs related to the detectives and 
 nurses. The first year of their married life 
 happiness and prosperity smiled on them, 
 they said. But when the stork visited the 
 Blair household in Dallas it brought not 
 only a bright-eyed baby but also a neme- 
 sis. 
 
 Their savings went for doctor's bills and 
 clothing for the little one. Then Blau- had 
 difficulty, he says, in finding steady em- 
 ployment at his trade, painting. TMien 
 they were reduced almost to poverty they 
 decided to come to Los Angeles. They have 
 been here six weeks. In that time, Blair 
 says, he was unable to earn enough to 
 provide properly for his sick wife and im- 
 poverished baby. 
 
 The last dollar the couple had went a 
 few days ago for rent. Weary of tramping 
 the streets in quest of work, weak from 
 lack of nourishment, and worried because 
 he couldn't buy food, clothing and medi- 
 cine, Blair says he conceived the idea of 
 turning highwayman. 
 
 "Even then my nemesis followed me," 
 he said, choking. "I got a few dollars from 
 the conductor and was hurrying home to 
 give it to my wife for food and things when 
 I was stopped by a police officer. I escaped 
 from him and was climbing a fence when 
 the bullet caught me in the leg." 
 
 Blair will be confined in the criminal 
 ward at the County Hospital untU he is 
 physically able to be arraigned. He will be 
 charged with highway robbery, the police 
 say. 
 
 FREE-FOR-ALL FIGHT 
 
 New York World 
 
 With whistle screeching and himdreds of 
 passengers yelling for help out of the win- 
 dows, a northbound Third avenue elevated 
 train was held in panic late last night by a 
 crowd of roughs, who terrorized the pas- 
 sengers and assaulted a conductor. 
 
 More than a dozen women, returning 
 from the theatre, fainted, and Mrs. Sadie 
 Arthur, of No. 991 East One Hundred and 
 Seventy-eighth street, was thro^vn into vio- 
 lent hysterics and taken to the Lebanon 
 Hospital. 
 
 The riot started at One Hundred and 
 Thirty-eighth street and continued all the 
 way to One Hundred and Sixty-sixth street. 
 There policemen shoved through a great 
 crowd, which had been attracted by the 
 whistling, and arrested Adolph J. Weiss, 
 eighteen years old, of No. 444 East One 
 Hundred and Sixty-fifth street. His com- 
 panions in the excitement managed to es- 
 cape. 
 
 Weiss, who is somewhat of a fighter, was 
 the ringleader of the disturbers. They be- 
 gan their horseplay by throwing hats about 
 the car, smashing hats and jostling the pas- 
 sengers. Dresses were torn and women in- 
 sulted; yet no one took a hand to suppress 
 the outrage. 
 
 "Shame on you men," cried some of the 
 women. "Haven't any of you enough spirit 
 to protect us?" 
 
 Just as one woman received a severe 
 blow in the face, Conductor Thomas J. 
 Boyce, of No. 108 East One Hundred and 
 Twenty-first street, who is known on the 
 road as "Scrappy Tom," jumped into the 
 fracas and hit straight from the shoulder. 
 
 "Beat him up," yelled the gang, and 
 they all jumped on "Scrappy Tom." 
 
 "Come on, all of you," he roared, his 
 fighting Irish blood aroused. One, two, 
 three of the brawlers hit the dusty mat, 
 and finally Boyce reached Adolph and 
 landed hard on his jaw. 
 
 The fight ranged up and down the car, 
 with Boyce taking care of the entire gang. 
 Three or four women who had fainted and 
 fallen to the floor were trampled upon. 
 
POLICE NEWS AND CRIME 
 
 59 
 
 Windows were raised throughout the 
 train. YeUs of "Murder!" "PoUce!" 
 alarmed the Bronx. The motorman started 
 his whistle going, and this tipped Police- 
 men Wilson and Dempsey, of the Morri- 
 sania station, who lay in wait at One Hun- 
 dred and Sixty-sixth street. 
 
 The crowd that was bunched there pre- 
 vented their making more arrests and fur- 
 nished a means of escape to Weiss's "pals." 
 
 Pieces of hats, feathers, ribbons and 
 lingerie were scattered from end to end of 
 the car. A number of the women had not 
 revived, and Mrs. Arthur appeared to be 
 in a critical condition. A hurry call was 
 sent to Lebanon Hospital, and Dr. Singer, 
 hastily treating the others, hurried Mrs. 
 Arthur to the institution. He said she was 
 in a dangerous hysterical condition. 
 
 The line was tied up for half an hour by 
 the riot. 
 
 Weiss looked as though he had stayed 
 in the ring twenty rounds with Bill Papke. 
 His face was unrecognizable. 
 
 "I never knew that any of these con- 
 ductors could fight," he sputtered through 
 swollen lips, as he was led to a cell. 
 
 " Over in the old country," said "Scrappy 
 Tom," as he watched the ex-champion led 
 to a cell in the Morrisania station, "I used 
 to throw a couple of lads like you over my 
 head before breakfast just for an appe- 
 tizer." 
 
 MURDER OF BUSINESS MAN 
 New York Tribune 
 
 Walter H. Hammond, a well known busi- 
 ness man of Jersey City and a brother of 
 Colonel Robert A. Hammond, was shot and 
 instantly killed yesterday afternoon in the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Company's ferry 
 house at Jersey City. Peter Grew, a man 
 he had befriended, was arrested as the 
 slayer of Hammond. 
 
 Mr. Hammond was about to have his 
 luncheon in the restaurant in the railway 
 station, on the second floor. He had as- 
 cended the stairs and turned toward the 
 restaurant, when he was confronted by 
 Grew, to whom he made a cheery remark. 
 Without a word in reply, the pohce say, 
 
 Grew drew a revolver, which he carried in 
 his coat pocket, and fired at him. The bul- 
 let entered the left temple and ploughed 
 into the brain. Two more bullets were 
 fired into his body after he fell. 
 
 Calmly replacing the weapon in his pock- 
 et, Grew started to walk down the stairs 
 to the street, but Patrolman Amann, who 
 was on duty at the ferry house, dashed up 
 the stairs and, meeting him half way, ar- 
 rested him. Grew remarked, Amann says, 
 as he handed the revolver to the officer: 
 "The thing is all over, and I might as well 
 give up." Later he persistently refused to 
 admit that he did the shooting. 
 
 The police say their investigation has 
 revealed that Grew, who has been regarded 
 as eccentric and impulsive, had frequently 
 threatened to kill Hammond. They say 
 that Grew had recently been drinking ex- 
 cessively. 
 
 The victim of the shooting was the head 
 of the Hammond and Wilson Stock Com- 
 pany, dealers in butterine and eggs at Je- 
 rome and 4th streets, Jersey City. He was 
 a bachelor and forty-two years old. He was 
 a director of the Second National Bank and 
 of the Commercial Trust Company, and an 
 active member of the Union League Club, 
 of Jersey City. He lived at No. 314 Harri- 
 son avenue, Jersey City. 
 
 Grew had been in the same business. 
 Some time ago, the police say, he was ar- 
 rested in Brooklyn for making and selling 
 oleomargarine without stamping it prop- 
 erly. Hammond gave him a new start in 
 business. His business dwindled to nothing, 
 and he accused Hammond of persecuting 
 him. Grew owned a flathouse at No. 244 
 3d street, Jersey City, in which he, his 
 wife and six children lived. This house 
 he conveyed to his wife during his business 
 troubles. It is said that Grew complained 
 that his wife was under the influence of 
 Mr. Hammond and refused to permit him 
 to have any of the revenue derived from 
 the rental of the building. Ten days ago 
 he was arrested for beating her. Judge 
 Harmon, before whom he was arraigned, 
 ordered him committed to jail for ten days, 
 but relented when he promised to refrain 
 from abusing or beating his wife. 
 
6o 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 Otto S. Wilkins, of No. 21 Park street, 
 who has a butter business at No. 52 Hudson 
 street, Jersey City, met Grew less than an 
 hour before the shooting. He told Captain 
 Larkins, at the Jersey City Police Head- 
 quarters, of a conversation he had had with 
 Grew. He said that Grew asked him to 
 give him a job. 
 
 "I then told him," Mr, Wilkins said, 
 "that I understood that he was in such a fi- 
 nancial condition that he could live without 
 working. He said, ' No,' that his property 
 brought him in $120 a month, and that 
 after he had paid the interest on a small 
 loan which stood against it, with taxes and 
 repairs, it left very little to live on; that his 
 wife would not let him have any of that, 
 and that Mr. Hammond was responsible 
 for her attitude in withholding funds from 
 him. He was in a natural state of mind 
 to-day, cool and collected, and talked to me 
 in the same strain that I have always 
 known him to use. He used to tell me four 
 or five years ago that he had it in for Mr. 
 Hammond and would shoot him some time . " 
 
 In a statement to the police Grew said he 
 had known Hammond for sixteen years and 
 had done business with him. "I am not 
 going to answer that," was his reply when 
 asked if he had had any trouble with Ham- 
 mond. He said that he was on his way 
 home from Manhattan when he met Ham- 
 mond, and that Hammond spoke to him, 
 but he did not reply. "I had the revolver 
 in my right hand in the inside pocket of my 
 sack coat," said Grew, "and that is all I 
 have to say." He stated that " Hammond 
 had been pounding me and had got the 
 inspectors to pound me." 
 
 Mrs. Grew said that her husband's mind 
 had been affected by brooding over his fail- 
 ure in business, and she shared her hus- 
 band's opinion that he had been persecuted. 
 
 MURDER IN LITTLE ITALY 
 
 Kansas City Star 
 MuHDEESiN Little Italy Since January 1. 
 
 January 9 — Mario Ippolito shot down and 
 killed by unidentified assassin. 
 
 January 11 — John Kanato shot by John 
 Herwetine; died two days later. 
 
 January 23 — John Janoka shot by Nick 
 Hontrogen; died same day. 
 
 January 24 — Lusciano Musso murdered by 
 gunmen in daylight. 
 
 February 4 — Salvador Cangialosi shot and 
 killed by Angelo Mannino. 
 
 February 24 — Giovanni Seculo shot down 
 by unidentified assassin, will die. 
 Shootings. 
 
 January 24 — H. C. Petro, shot in his home, 
 110 Watkins Avenue, by someone who fired 
 through the window; not fatal. 
 
 February 13 — Robert Jordan, 1039 East 
 Fourth Street, was shot twice by Tony Filo; 
 not fatal. 
 
 That impenetrable air of mystery which 
 closed down on the attack last night on 
 two Italians, as it has closed down upon 
 every one of the weekly murders of Little 
 Italy, a sable cloak hiding details, oblite- 
 rating the trails of assassins who shoot men 
 in the back and flee, is not such a myste- 
 rious thing after all. There is only one 
 policeman at night in Little Italy. 
 
 Giovanni Seculo and Tony Boni are 
 walking along Cherry Street near Fourth 
 Street. It is 10 o'clock at night. A shotgun 
 barks, once, twice. Seculo falls, a death 
 wound in his back. Boni falls, shot in the 
 hip. 
 
 Presently a policeman comes, who was 
 blocks distant at the time. 
 
 Little Italy shrugs and avers it was all 
 sound asleep when Seculo and his compan- 
 ion were shot. 
 
 The assassin escapes. 
 
 There is nothing different in the main 
 threads of the chronicle from those of all the 
 other unpunished crimes of Little Italy. 
 
 Always, the crime is committed in some 
 part of Little Italy distant from that lone 
 policeman. Little Italy extends from In- 
 dependence Avenue to the Missouri River, 
 from Oak Street to Tracy Avenue. 
 
 "There should be at least four policemen 
 in that district at night," said Larry Ghent, 
 chief of detectives, this morning. Then he 
 revealed some figures on the poUce depart- 
 ment. 
 
 In the district comprising Little Italy, 
 Hick's and Belvidere hollows, which are 
 unsavory negro neighborhoods, and others 
 almost as notorious, a district extending 
 
POLICE NEWS AND CRIME 
 
 61 
 
 north of Independence Avenue and east of 
 Main Street to Jackson Avenue, there are 
 at night only four patrolmen. 
 
 In the central district, taking in the 
 whole of the North Side, fourteen out of 
 thirty-one police "beats" are without pa- 
 trolmen at night. 
 
 In all Kansas City there are only 264 
 patrolmen, exclusive of officers. Many of 
 these work as clerks in stations. The police 
 force is at the lowest that it has been for 
 years. The city is increasing in population. 
 
 Ghent withdrew detectives from other 
 cases this morning and sent four of them, 
 under the direction of Patrolman Louis 
 Olivero, into Little Italy to attempt to fer- 
 ret out the attack on Seculo last night. 
 
 Seculo, proprietor of the Neopolitan 
 Macaroni factory at 516-18 East Tenth 
 Street, and an influential Italian, probably 
 will die. His condition was slightly im- 
 proved today, however. Neither Seculo 
 nor Boni knows why he was attacked or by 
 whom. 
 
 MURDER 
 
 New York Sun 
 
 Trying door knobs early yesterday morn- 
 ing, Policeman Merkle of the East 104th 
 street station found that the door of the 
 little Italian grocery shop at 321 East 109th 
 street opened. He entered, thinking that 
 the place might have been robbed. At the 
 rear of the dark, smelly little shop he found 
 another door that opened, and as it did so, 
 a bulldog sprang at him. The policeman 
 shut the door and ran out to the street and 
 rapped for assistance. Policeman O'Con- 
 nell came and the two went back into the 
 store. 
 
 They coaxed the dog into good humor, 
 and, on lighting the gas in the squalid room, 
 they found its master kneeling beside his 
 bed in a pool of blood. Another door in the 
 rear was forced open. Peter Mutolo, who 
 lives there with his wife and three children, 
 said they had heard no noise. 
 
 They said that the murdered man was 
 Frederick Cinci, who had kept the shop 
 about a month. He had been in this coun- 
 
 try about a year. No one knew of any 
 enemies. 
 
 On the table were three dirty glasses and 
 an empty wine bottle. Friends sometimes 
 came to see him, the neighbors said. No- 
 body knew whether visitors came to see 
 him before his death. On the floor below his 
 body they foimd a stiletto, long of blade, 
 which was bent double. In his neck, lungs, 
 stomach and kidneys the ambulance sur- 
 geon found five thrusts. 
 
 The body was still warm; death hadn't 
 come long before the police found him. 
 Some money, $1.60, was found in his pock- 
 ets, and his gold watch had not been taken. 
 Six dollars was found in the cash drawer of 
 his shop. No one killed him to rob him of 
 money. The dog, the police think, would 
 have attacked a stranger and probably rec- 
 ognized the murderer. 
 
 MURDER 
 
 New York World 
 
 Pietro de Angelo ran along Colum- 
 bus avenue, Montclair, N. J., yesterday. 
 Plainly De Angelo, a sturdy fellow of 
 twenty-two years, had run far and hard. 
 He came from the direction of the Brook- 
 dale section of Bloomfield. He was leg 
 weary, his steps grew shorter. Panting, he 
 looked over his shoulder ever and again at 
 an older man who ran behind him at some 
 distance. 
 
 The older man carried a shotgim which 
 swung by his side in his grasp as he plodded 
 along. He seemed to be in no hurry; he 
 seemed to be able to run forever; straight 
 he ran, with his eyes fixed always on De 
 Angelo, who looked back, fearfully. 
 
 Christopher street and Columbus ave- 
 nue is the most fashionable part of Mont- 
 clair. Wealthy persons live in that neigh- 
 borhood. Men on the street or looking from 
 their dwellings had no idea of the tragedy 
 that was to be enacted. Being law-abiding, 
 having no reason to run, in flight or pur- 
 suit, the Montclair men thought that De 
 Angelo and the older man who ran behind 
 him were both fleeing from the same pur- 
 suer. 
 
62 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 "The police are after those fellows," 
 said one Montclair man. 
 
 "Or the game wardens," said another. 
 "See, the second chap has a shotgun — 
 been poaching most likely. The young fel- 
 low has outstripped him." 
 
 Not so. Where Christopher street in- 
 tersects Columbus avenue De Angelo 
 halted, swaj^ed, almost fell. His bolt was 
 shot, his breath was spent. He turned and 
 slowly walked back to the older man, who 
 did not even hasten his gait, but approached 
 De Angelo — approached as inexorably' as 
 death itself. As he got nearer, De Angelo 
 stretched out his hands toward him in 
 mute pleading. The older man, never 
 hurrying, never slackening his gait, got 
 within ten yards of De Angelo, stopped, 
 raised his shotgun to his shoulder, pulled 
 the trigger, and sent the charge from one 
 barrel into De Angelo's left breast. 
 
 The younger man pitched down on his 
 face, arms extended, palms down. The 
 older man looked down at him an instant 
 — j^es, one barrel was enough — then, drop- 
 ping the gun from his shoulder, he kept on 
 running, no faster, no slower, than before. 
 
 And he escaped. A dozen most respect- 
 able citizens of Montclair all had the same 
 thought, to notify the police. The dozen 
 rushed to their telephones. When the po- 
 lice arrived De Angelo was dead. He had 
 died instantly. 
 
 Deputy County Physician Muta went 
 from Orange and had the body taken to 
 the Morgue at Orange. De Angelo lived 
 at No. 961 Wilson street, Montclair. His 
 parents say he had dinner with them there 
 at noon, then went out. They do not know 
 where he went. The police are trying to 
 learn. 
 
 MURDER 
 
 Kansas City Star 
 
 In the parlor of the rooming house at 
 57 Green Street A. C. Hobson was busily 
 tuning the piano this morning. As he bent 
 above the humming wires, the lid of the 
 instrument thrown back, a light step 
 sounded down the corridor. Then he heard 
 
 a fresh young voice, singing softly. Hob- 
 son smiled and ceased his work to listen. 
 
 The voice sang a line or two touching on 
 cows and green fields. 
 
 "A kid from the coimtry," Hobson said, 
 and went on. 
 
 A heavier step clumped on the stairway 
 leading up from the street entrance. The 
 song ceased abruptly. 
 
 "Hello, Maggie," Hobson heard a man's 
 voice say. "What made you leave me?" 
 
 There was a little pause; then a girl's 
 voice answered sharply : 
 
 "Why do you follow me, anyhow? I 
 don't love you." 
 
 "I came to take you back with me," 
 said the man. Hobson had stopped his 
 tinkering. The soimd of the man's heavy 
 breathing came in to him through the open 
 doorway from the dim corridor. "Kiss 
 me," the man's voice commanded. 
 
 The girl's voice rose. "No," she cried. 
 "No. I don't love you." 
 
 The man swore. "Then no one else '11 
 have you," he shouted. 
 
 Hobson stood motionless, as though 
 paralyzed. Then he heard a scuffle; the 
 girl cried out sharply. The restraint on 
 him was broken at that, and Hobson rushed 
 into the corridor. The struggling forms of 
 man and woman were disappearing through 
 the doorway of another room down the 
 hall. An instant or two later, Hobson heard 
 the crack of a revolver shot followed 
 closely by a second. Then the moans of a 
 woman in agony succeeded. Hobson ran 
 into the room. Man and woman writhed on 
 the bed. 
 
 Going to a telephone, Hobson summoned 
 the police. Sergt. James O'Rile, acting 
 captain of the Walnut Street Police Sta- 
 tion, responded. It was twenty-five min- 
 utes before the ambulance arrived. 
 
 The woman was Mrs. Maggie Towes, 
 24 years old, who left her husband, John 
 Towes, in Homeville, Mo., foiu" months 
 ago. "Towes came to Kansas City a week 
 ago, finally, this morning, finding his wife 
 at the rooming house of Mrs. Mary Howe, 
 where she had found employment as house- 
 keeper. Towes is a blacksmith's helper and 
 is 32 years old. 
 
POLICE NEWS AND CRIME 
 
 63 
 
 As he lay on the bed in that twilight 
 state between the conscious and the uncon- 
 scious, Towes reached a hand gropingly to- 
 wards his wife. 
 
 "Kiss me, honey," he mumbled; "kiss 
 me before I go." 
 
 They were taken to the General Hos- 
 pital. Mrs. Towes was shot through the 
 abdomen, Towes through the left breast. 
 Both probably will die. 
 
 MURDER 
 
 New York Sun* 
 
 Mrs. Catherine Sheehan stood in the 
 darkened parlor of her home at 361 West 
 Fifteenth street late yesterday afternoon, 
 and told her version of the murder of her 
 son Gene, the youthful policeman whom 
 a thug named Billy Morley shot in the 
 forehead, down under the Chatham 
 Square elevated station early yesterday 
 morning. Gene's mother was thankful that 
 her boy hadn't killed Billy Morley before 
 he died, "because," she said, "I can say 
 honestly, even now, that I'd rather have 
 Gene's dead body brought home to me, as 
 it will be to-night, than to have him come 
 to me and say, ' Mother, I had to kill a man 
 this morning.' 
 
 "God comfort the poor wretch that killed 
 the boy," the mother went on, "because 
 he is more unhappy to-night than we are 
 here. Maybe he was weak-minded through 
 drink. He couldn't have known Gene or 
 he wouldn't have killed him. Did they 
 tell you at the Oak Street Station that the 
 other policemen called Gene Happy Shee- 
 han? Anything they told you about him is 
 true, because no one would lie about him. 
 He was always happy, and he was a fine- 
 looking young man, and he always had to 
 duck his helmet when he walked under the 
 gas fixture in the hall, as he went out the 
 door. 
 
 "He was doing dance steps on the floor 
 of the basement, after his dinner yester- 
 day noon for the girls — his sisters I mean 
 — and he stopped of a sudden when he 
 saw the clock and picked up his helmet. 
 • Written by Frank Ward O'Malley. 
 
 Out on the street he made pretence of 
 arresting a little boy he knows, who was 
 standing there — to see Gene come out, 
 I suppose — and when the lad ran away 
 laughing, I called out, 'You couldn't 
 catch Willie, Gene; you're getting fat.' 
 
 "'Yes, and old, mammy,' he said, him 
 who is — who was — only twenty-six — 'so 
 fat,' he said, 'that I'm getting a new dress 
 coat that'll make you proud when you 
 see me in it, mamimy.' And he went over 
 Fifteenth street whistling a tune and slap- 
 ping his leg with a folded newspaper. And 
 he hasn't come back again. 
 
 "But I saw him once after that, thank 
 God, before he was shot. It's strange, 
 isn't it, that I hunted him up on his beat 
 late yesterday afternoon for the first time 
 in my life? I never go around where my 
 children are working or studying — one I 
 sent through college with what I earned 
 at dressmaking, and some other little 
 money I had, and he's now a teacher; and 
 the youngest I have at college now. I don't 
 mean that their father wouldn't send them 
 if he could, but he's an invalid, although 
 he's got a position lately that isn't too 
 hard for him. I got Gene prepared for col- 
 lege, too, but he wanted to go right into an 
 office in Wall street. I got him in there, but 
 it was too quiet and tame for him. Lord 
 have mercy on his soul; and then, two 
 years ago, he wanted to go on the police 
 force, and he went. 
 
 "After he went down the street yester- 
 day I found a little book on a chair, a little 
 list of the streets or something, that Gene 
 had forgot. I knew how particular they 
 are about such things, and I didn't want 
 the boy to get in trouble, and so I threw on 
 a shawl and walked over through Chambers 
 street toward the river to find him. He was 
 standing on a corner some place down there 
 near the bridge clapping time with his 
 hands for a little newsy that was dancing; 
 but he stopped clapping, struck. Gene did, 
 when he saw me. He laughed when I 
 handed him the little book and told that 
 was why I'd searched for him, patting me 
 on the shoulder when he laughed — patting 
 me on the shoulder. 
 
 -fit's a bad place for you here, Gene,' 
 
64 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 I said. 'Then it must be bad for you, too, 
 mammy,' said he; and as he walked to the 
 end of his beat with me — it was dark then 
 — he said, 'There are lots of crooks here, 
 mother, and they know and hate me and 
 they're afraid of me' — proud, he said it 
 — 'but maybe they'll get me some night.' 
 He patted me on the back and turned and 
 walked east toward his death. Wasn't it 
 strange that Gene said that? 
 
 "You know how he was killed, of course, 
 and how — Now let me talk about it, 
 children, if I want to. I promised you, 
 didn't I, that I wouldn't cry any more or 
 carry on? Well, it was five o'clock this 
 morning when a boy rang the bell here at 
 the house and I looked out the window and 
 said, 'Is Gene dead?' 'No, ma'am,' an- 
 swered the lad, 'but they told me to tell 
 you he was hurt in a fire and is in the hos- 
 pital.' Jerry, my other boy, had opened 
 the door for the lad and was talking to him 
 while I dressed a bit. And then I walked 
 down stairs and saw Jerry standing silent 
 under the gaslight, and I said again, 'Jerry, 
 is Gene dead?' And he said 'Yes,' and he 
 went out. 
 
 "After a while I went down to the Oak 
 Street Station myself, because I couldn't 
 wait for Jerry to come back. The police- 
 men all stopped talking when I came in, 
 and then one of them told me it was against 
 the rules to show me Gene at that time. 
 But I knew the policeman only thought 
 I'd break down, but I promised him I 
 wouldn't carry on, and he took me into 
 a room to let me see Gene. It was Gene. 
 
 "I know to-day how they killed him. 
 The poor boy that shot him was standing 
 in Chatham Square arguing wnth another 
 man when Gene told him to move on. 
 When the j'oung man wouldn't, but only 
 answered back. Gene shoved him, and the 
 young man pulled a revolver and shot Gene 
 in the face, and he died before Father 
 Rafferty, of St. James's, got to him. God 
 rest his soul. A lot of policemen heard the 
 shot and they all came running with their 
 pistols and clubs in their hands. Police- 
 man Laux — I'll never forget his name or 
 any of the others that ran to help Gene — 
 came down the Bowery and ran out into 
 
 the middle of the square where Gene 
 lay. 
 
 "When the man that shot Gene saw the 
 policemen coming, he crouched down and 
 shot at Policeman Laux, but, thank God, 
 he missed him. Then policemen named 
 Harrington and Rouke and Moran and 
 Kehoe chased the man all around the 
 streets there, some heading him off when 
 he tried to run into that street that goes off 
 at an angle — East Broadway, is it? — a 
 big crowd had come out of Chinatown now 
 and was chasing the man, too, until Police- 
 men Rouke and Kehoe got him backed up 
 against a wall. WTien Policeman Kehoe 
 came up close, the man shot his pistol right 
 at Kehoe and the bullet grazed Kehoe's 
 helmet. 
 
 "All the policemen jumped at the man 
 then, and one of them knocked the pistol 
 out of his hand with a blow of a club. They 
 beat him, this Billy Morley, so Jerry says 
 his name is, but they had to because he 
 fought so hard. They told me this evening 
 that it will go hard with the unfortunate 
 murderer, because Jerry says that when a 
 man named Frank O'Hare, who was ar- 
 rested tliis evening charged with stealing 
 cloth or something, was being taken into 
 headquarters, he told Detective Gegan 
 that he and a one-armed man who an- 
 swered to the description of Morley, the 
 young man who killed Gene, had a drink 
 last night in a saloon at Twenty-second 
 street and Avenue A and that when the 
 one-armed man was leaving the saloon he 
 turned and said, 'Boys, I'm going out now 
 to bang a guy with buttons.' 
 
 " They haven't brought me Gene's 
 body yet. Coroner Shrady, so my Jerry 
 says, held Billy Morley, the murderer, 
 without letting him get out on bail, and I 
 suppose that in a case like this they have to 
 do a lot of things before they can let me 
 have the body here. If Gene only hadn't 
 died before Father Rafferty got to him, 
 I'd be happier. He didn't need to make 
 his confession, you know, but it would 
 have been better, wouldn't it? He wasn't 
 bad, and he went to mass on Sunday with- 
 out being told; and even in Lent, when we 
 always say the rosary out loud in the din- 
 
POLICE NEWS AND CRIME 
 
 6S 
 
 ing-room every night, Gene himself said 
 to me the day after Ash Wednesday, 
 'If you want to say the rosary at noon, 
 mammy, before I go out, instead of at 
 night when I can't be here, we'll do it.' 
 
 "God will see that Gene's happy to- 
 night, won't he, after Gene said that?" the 
 mother asked as she walked out into the 
 hallway with her black-robed daughters 
 grouped behind her. "I know he will," 
 she said, "and I'll — " She stopped with 
 an arm resting on the banister to support 
 her. "I — I know I promised you, girls," 
 said Gene's mother, "that I'd try not to 
 cry any more, but I can't help it." And 
 she turned toward the wall and covered her 
 face with her apron. 
 
 MURDER 
 
 Kansas City Star 
 
 A boy of 19, carefree, enamored of the 
 life of the road, ran away from a good home 
 in Elm Grove, Kas., on a sunny day last 
 March. 
 
 Down in the wilds of Northern Arkansas, 
 riding in a freight car, one day in the mid- 
 dle of March, a brakeman came upon him 
 and they fought — the brakeman angered 
 at the lad, the boy hot with the lust of 
 youth that welcomes a fray. 
 
 The boy, Charles Hyde, hit the brake- 
 man on the head with a bolt. The brake- 
 man went down, like a shot thing, and fell 
 from the car under the flying wheels, which 
 ground him to death. 
 
 Then the boy went on. Later he heard 
 a coroner's jury had reached a verdict of 
 "accidental death." 
 
 Then began the flight. It was flight — 
 not from the far-reaching arm of the law; 
 for the verdict of the backwoods jury had 
 placed no suspicion on any man. But it 
 was flight from a dread thing that haunted 
 him, making his nights of no comfort and 
 his days of dark despair. 
 
 Conscience, men call it, and Retribution. 
 But by whatever name, under whatever 
 guise, the dread thing caught the boy at 
 last, caught and enfolded him. And the lad 
 who had been carefree a few short months 
 
 ago, now a trembling, quaking, white- 
 faced wreck, stumbled into the Mulberry 
 Street police station, down in the West 
 Bottoms yesterday — and surrendered. 
 
 "I killed a man," he said. "I killed a 
 man when I didn't have any idea of 
 doing it. And he's been after me. I've 
 got to give myself up; I've got to con- 
 fess. It's the only way I can get rid of 
 it." 
 
 They heard the boy out, those police- 
 men in the bottoms, not understanding, 
 sensing only dimly the fear that was on 
 him. Then they took him to police head- 
 quarters and wired to the authorities in 
 Arkansas. 
 
 "Last night wasn't so bad," said Hyde 
 at police headquarters this morning. "It 
 wasn't so bad, now that I have given my- 
 self up. That's made me feel better. But 
 all the other nights since it happened have 
 been hell. We'd be fighting in the car 
 again, with the wheels clicking away un- 
 derneath us, him hot and gettin' the best 
 of me. Then I'd stumble against something 
 and pick it up and feel it in my hands, and 
 know he was mine. 
 
 "My God!" said Charles Hyde, help- 
 less toy of fate, entrapped in the coils of 
 a retributive nemesis. "My God!" And 
 he covered his gaunt boy's face with shak- 
 ing hands. 
 
 Back and forth, up and down, across the 
 harvest lands of the Middle West, went 
 Hyde, riding in freight cars, clinging to the 
 rods of trans-continentals, always seeking 
 to escape from the thing that pursued him 
 — and always failing. In the hot fields, 
 laboring with his hands, staggering in the 
 heat of the day but pressing on, he found 
 no surcease. And then, despite his efforts, 
 hard work brought no sleep at night. And 
 he was alone with his fear. 
 
 "I know the law's got me," he cried. 
 "I know it can hang me or put me in 
 prison. But I had to do it. I had to give 
 myself up. 
 
 "And to think I never meant to kill him, 
 only to lay him out and make him let me 
 alone!" 
 
 Then Charles Hyde cried, not the tears 
 of blessed relief, but the scalding tears of 
 
66 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 those who must stand helpless and non- 
 understanding before grim-countenanced 
 Fate. 
 
 A WAYWARD GIRL 
 
 Chicago Herald 
 
 They called her Mandy on the farm and 
 they made much of her. 
 
 She was the only daughter the Noyers 
 had and nothing was too good for her. So 
 "dad" said^and mother agreed. 
 
 Mandy didn't realize how happy she was. 
 She was ambitious and wished to see the 
 city. She had an aunt in Chicago, Mrs. H. 
 Bole, of 1856 Dolphin street. Why couldn't 
 she go to Chicago, study stenography and 
 live with auntie? 
 
 Her parents didn't like to have her go, 
 but she insisted. So they kissed her and 
 sent her away. 
 
 She went to the Weston School at 175 
 North Wabash avenue for some time — and 
 then, last June, she had a quarrel with her 
 aunt and went to live at 1809 West Wilson 
 street. 
 
 She made the acquaintance of Thomas 
 Hazen of 4009 Jackson boulevard and 
 Mandy quit the school. Only she wasn't 
 Mandy any more. Her name was Thelma 
 Beyers. 
 
 Hazen and the girl, who is only 16 years 
 old, were arrested by Detective Sergeant 
 George E. McCormick and Mandy wept 
 and told her story. 
 
 It had been a gay life, she said, fasci- 
 nating and swift. 
 
 But if mother and "dad" down in Sid- 
 don, 111., wiU forgive her she will go home 
 and stay there for good. 
 
 But Mandy is needed as a witness against 
 Hazen and five other young men for whom 
 warrants were obtained yesterday. 
 
 And she will have to appear against the 
 proprietors of the Congress Cafe, Charley 
 West's, the Caf6 De Luxe, the Delaware, 
 and eight or ten other caf^s which sold her 
 gin fizzes, highballs and other drinks; and 
 against the owners and proprietors of eight 
 or ten hotels that admitted her — a girl just 
 out of short skirts — without asking ques- 
 tions. 
 
 Then there is a woman of a good family 
 on the West Side who will be charged with 
 contributing to the delinquency of a minor. 
 
 So it will be a long time before Mandy 
 can go home. 
 
 VIOLATION OF MANN ACT 
 
 Kansas City Star 
 
 Michael O'Rourke loved his wife and his 
 two little daughters and their little home. 
 That was in Airdale eight years ago. 
 
 Then one day Michael discovered some- 
 thing that broke him up completely. His 
 little girls' mother was not the kind of 
 woman he had believed her to be. It cost 
 Michael more than outsiders could realize, 
 but he got a divorce. The court gave him 
 the custody of his daughters, Rosie and 
 Maggie. 
 
 He brought them to Kansas City in an 
 effort to forget — and to get away from 
 their mother. He put them in St. Joseph's 
 Orphan Home, Thirty-first and Jefferson 
 streets, and went to work there himself as 
 coachman. 
 
 But the mother did not stay in Airdale. 
 She followed her children here and tried 
 to take them away from the home. Several 
 times she tried it, but the watch kept on 
 the little girls was too close and she did 
 not succeed. At last, Michael, fearing that 
 sooner or later he would lose them, gave up 
 his job and took the girls away. Rosie, the 
 elder, did not want to go. Even in those 
 days she was attached to her mother. 
 
 Michael took Rosie and Maggie to Se- 
 attle, where he put them in a convent. 
 Most of his earnings went to pay for keep- 
 ing them there. After a year or two he 
 joined the navy and intrusted to Uncle 
 Sam the payments for their education from 
 his wages as a saUor. 
 
 The long voyages kept him from seeing 
 them more than once or twice a year and 
 he fancied they were forgetting him. That, 
 and the difficulty of providing for them on 
 what he was earning, made him desperate. 
 He deserted the navy. He took his daugh- 
 ters from the convent and made a home 
 for them. 
 
POLICE NEWS AND CRIME 
 
 67 
 
 One day when he was away at work a 
 veiled woman drove up to the cottage in a 
 motor car. 
 
 "Why, it's mamma!" exclaimed Rosie, 
 and rushed to greet her. 
 
 When the woman drove away, the girls 
 and their belongings went with her. 
 Michael came home that night to an empty 
 house. 
 
 He found them in Airdale — in their 
 mother's house, where the blinds were 
 drawn all day long. He started habeas 
 corpus proceedings and got back the 
 younger girl, then 15 years old. Rosie had 
 become 18 in the meantime and refused to 
 leave her mother. 
 
 Michael took Maggie to St. Louis and 
 put her in a convent there. Up to this time 
 the government officials had not troubled 
 him and he had almost forgotten that his 
 desertion was still hanging over him. But 
 someone told, and Michael was arrested. 
 He was convicted and taken to the naval 
 prison in New Hampshire. 
 
 A short time later a woman in a motor 
 car stole Maggie from the convent. This 
 time there was no one to follow them. 
 
 Yesterday in Airdale a house was raided 
 by government officers. Rosie and Maggie 
 were found there. Their mother, who is 
 known now as Mrs. Pearl Perkins, was 
 arrested. She was charged with transport- 
 ing Rosie from Seattle in violation of the 
 Mann Act. She will be arraigned before 
 the United States commissioner in Spring- 
 field today. 
 
 Rosie has gone far on the path her 
 mother led her. Maggie was rescued from 
 the same life in the nick of time. 
 
 Michael, in his cell, can only wonder 
 what has become of them. 
 
 CAPTURE OF ESCAPED CONVICT 
 
 Chicago Inter Ocean 
 
 Every evening at 5:33 a fast train 
 whizzes through the mining town of Den- 
 ville, 111., favoring the little, box-like sta- 
 tion with a derisive flirt of its tail car as 
 it takes a curve. Every evening at 5:30, 
 except when infrequent duties interfere, it 
 
 is the custom of the village constable of 
 Denville to saunter up to the "deepo" 
 and solemnly watch the flyer pass. Once, 
 they say, a pretty girl waved to him from a 
 Pullman window. 
 
 George Brown, station agent at Denville, 
 knows the constable's time as well as that 
 of the train. When he thought it was get- 
 ting pretty near the hour for the appear- 
 ance of constable and flyer yesterday after- 
 noon, he looked at his watch. It was 5:20 
 o'clock. 
 
 The station agent was particularly anx- 
 ious to see the constable, for he had real 
 news to relate. A short time before, an- 
 swering a ring at the station telephone, he 
 had been informed by the deputy warden 
 at Joliet penitentiary that Matthew Starn, 
 a life convict, with two coldblooded mur- 
 ders to his discredit, had escaped from the 
 prison and was believed to be headed in the 
 direction of Denville. 
 
 "He's a cool hand and a mighty desper- 
 ate man," warned the warden. "Don't 
 take any chances with him if you see him." 
 
 A few minutes later, while Brown wa3 
 straining his ears for the distant sound of 
 the flyer's whistle and his eyes for a glimpse 
 of the constable, a man wearing an ill- 
 fitting, rough, all-enveloping garment of 
 blue and a blue cap of the same material, 
 walked into the station. 
 
 "When is the next train to St. Louis?" 
 he asked, his eyes boring into Brown's. 
 
 The station agent had instantly recog- 
 nized the odd garb of the man before him 
 as the Joliet uniform. He fought to keep 
 his tone even and casual as he replied: 
 
 "Can't get out tonight." 
 
 Brown turned away, pretending to con- 
 sult a time card hung behind the wicket. 
 Really he was looking out the window, 
 hoping to see the familiar form of the con- 
 stable. 
 
 "Well, ain't you curious about me?" de- 
 manded his visitor. " How do you think I 
 got here?" 
 
 " Beat a freight, I suppose," Brown has- 
 tily guessed. "That's against the rules, 
 but I always have a lot of sympathy for 
 a man like you. What's your trouble? " 
 
 "Broke!" said his visitor, tersely. "I 
 
68 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 ain't had nothing but hard luck these last 
 five years. 
 
 In the distance the whistle of the flyer 
 tooted. The man in blue eyed a stack of 
 bills in the open cash drawer. 
 
 "I don't know whether to beat it or to — 
 to visit a while with you," he murmured, 
 glancing at the station door, and then back 
 again at the cash drawer. 
 
 Brown consulted the time card again — 
 and looked out the window, inwardly 
 breathing a prayer. Sure enough, there 
 was the constable, trudging down the road 
 toward the station, a bit behind schedule 
 but not speeding to make up lost time. 
 
 "I guess you — you'd better — stay!" 
 said the agent. 
 
 Brown went through a few tense mo- 
 ments after that remark, that he said 
 later he wouldn't e.xperience again "if 
 they made me president of the road." 
 
 The constable took up his stand, not on 
 the station platform, as usual, but a couple 
 of hundred feet away. Stolidly he watched 
 the flyer pass, then looked undecidedly 
 toward the station. He seemed to be de- 
 bating whether or not to forego his routine 
 visit with the agent. Twice he turned his 
 back and started away, only to halt, wheel 
 and resume his meditation. A Niagara 
 of sweat coursed down Brown's cheeks as 
 he waited. The man in blue was standing 
 close to the wicket, still peering into the 
 drawer. His right hand was in his hip 
 pocket. 
 
 Brown dared direct his gaze out the win- 
 dow no longer. He stood silently watching 
 his blue-clad visitor, waiting to see what 
 would be in his hand when it came from 
 the bulging hip pocket. 
 
 Then the station door opened. In it 
 stood the constable. He took in the sig- 
 nificance of the blue figure as Brown's 
 sinister visitor wheeled, and the Denville 
 pohce revolver, rusty with age, but loaded, 
 flashed from his pocket. 
 
 " Hands up!" remarked the constable. 
 
 Ten minutes later Matthew Stam, es- 
 caped "lifer," who had worsted the re- 
 straining walls of Joliet, was held securely 
 a prisoner in the amateurish village cala- 
 boose. 
 
 Stam, who is 26, shot and killed two 
 Joliet business men, who had the misfor- 
 tune to resist him when he robbed their 
 stores. The "five years of hard luck" had 
 been spent in prison, where, despite his 
 criminal record, he became a "trusty" 
 through good conduct in the penitentiary. 
 At 7:30 o'clock yesterday morning he was 
 given a message to deliver outside the 
 prison walls. When he did not return with- 
 in an hour two posses of guards, deputies 
 and policemen started on his trail and 
 word was flashed through the surrounding 
 territory. Denville is about twenty miles 
 southeast of Joliet. 
 
 STORY OF ESCAPED CONVICT 
 Chicago News * 
 
 Lockup Keeper O'Malley brought him 
 out of the cell in the detective bureau and 
 he stood in the sun, blinking — a little man 
 with brown eyes and a sober, deadly sober 
 face. 
 
 "A fella wants to see you, George 
 O'Brien," said Lockup Keeper O'Malley, 
 and left the little man, an escaped "lifer" 
 from Joliet, standing against the cell wall 
 and blinking. The sun that came through 
 the dirty basement window fell full on his 
 face and he stood staring into it, twisting 
 his felt hat in his hands. 
 
 "They'll take me back in the morning," 
 said the little man, as if he were talking to 
 himself, as if he were repeating something 
 he had sat up all night in his cell thinking 
 about. "And I won't see her. I want to 
 explain to her. Good God." 
 
 It was a prayer. The little man's throat 
 trembled, the muscles of his face quivered 
 and his eyes glistened in the sun. 
 
 Four days ago the little man was mar- 
 ried, after three months of liberty. Four- 
 teen years lay behind him when he walked 
 away from the honor farm at Joliet. He 
 told the story himself, the whole story 
 without any omissions. But first he said 
 again: 
 
 "I don't care so much about going back; 
 I 'm used to the life down there. But they'll 
 * By Ben Hecht. 
 
POLICE NEWS AND CRIME 
 
 69 
 
 put me in solitary, with a ball and chain on 
 my feet, and I won't be able to see her for 
 six months — if I don't see her before they 
 take me back." 
 
 Tears came now and rolled over the 
 drawn face of the little man and his voice 
 was so low that the listener had to bend 
 down to hear. 
 
 "She didn't know about my being an 
 escaped lifer," he went on. "I couldn't 
 tell her. I was afraid. She was the first 
 woman who smiled at me after fourteen 
 years — when I got my job — and she was 
 like an angel to me. 
 
 "I want to see her and tell her — so's to 
 let her know all about it. I'll tell it to you, 
 and, if I don't see her, print it in your 
 paper just as I say — so's she can know." 
 
 The little man seized his listener's hand. 
 He couldn't talk, but he clung to the 
 hand until his voice cleared, and then he 
 said: "So she'll know I was trying to live 
 straight — so she'll not think I was all 
 wrong." 
 
 So here's your husband's story, Mrs. 
 O'Brien, the story he never told you be- 
 cause you seemed like an angel to him and 
 he was afraid of losing you. They'll tie 
 ball and chain on his feet and seat him in a 
 cell for six months and then they'll take 
 the baU and chain off and let him live in- 
 side the walls the rest of his life. Never 
 mind that. He said he didn't care if he 
 could only get this story to you, so that 
 you wouldn't think rotten of him, Mrs. 
 O'Brien. 
 
 "If I could only see her for a minute," 
 he murmured, and then he went on as he 
 had promised. 
 
 "I was a kid," he said, "about 17, and 
 I had a good home. But I fell in with a lot 
 of fellows who weren't any good. And one 
 of them — Larsen — planned to hold up 
 somebody. He got me to get a gun for him 
 and we both went out. The gun was half 
 cocked and it went off in the holdup and 
 the man was killed. I was standing away 
 at the time. I was a kid. They sent us 
 both up for life. That was in 1901. And I 
 lived in the prison until July. D'ye under- 
 stand? Every day was the same, every 
 night was the same, and I lived in the 
 
 prison for fourteen years. D'ye under- 
 stand? And they made me an honor con- 
 vict. 
 
 The little man laughed. 
 
 "I saw fellas come for worse things than 
 I'd done — regular criminals — and get 
 out, pardoned. And they'd come back 
 again — and get out. And I lived in the 
 prison. Fourteen years. All the time I was 
 yoimg. Every day was the same. And I 
 dreamed of gettin' out. But they wouldn't 
 pardon me. I never knew any politicians. 
 I was only a kid when they sent me up. 
 
 "And every night was the same. Good 
 God. I wanted to get out. I wanted to 
 live. I knew I was straight. There was 
 nothing wrong with me. I was only a kid 
 when it happened. And I learned in the 
 prison. It was fourteen years." 
 
 The little man's face was shaking and 
 his hands trembled as if they were on fine 
 springs. 
 
 "So one day I walked out. I was an 
 honor convict. I broke my pledge. But 
 I knew, I knew I could be straight. And I 
 wanted to live. Every day was the same 
 down there. Tell her that," said the little 
 man. "You can write it better'n I can 
 talk it. But get it to her — I was only a 
 kid when they sent me up — and every 
 day was the same and I wanted to live. 
 Then I got out. I went to Lakeside and 
 boarded. My brother knew, but didn't 
 tell. He gave me a chance. I got a job. 
 They didn't ask me for references. It was 
 with the American Motor Machine Com- 
 pany. The fella looked at me and hired 
 me. I worked. They raised my pay after 
 I'd been there a month. I was livin' 
 straight. 
 
 "And then I met Sarah Wilson. She 
 worked in the office. I used to dream of 
 women — of some one like her — and she 
 liked me, even though I am a Uttle fella. 
 Aw say, she was an angel. If I could only 
 see her for a minute — to tell her." 
 
 The little man was shaking all over. 
 
 "We got married four days ago," he 
 went on, " and I had it all planned. No- 
 body was goin' to know about me bein' 
 a lifer. I was goin' to forget it myself. Say, 
 I was happy." 
 
70 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 A rare smile came into the little man's 
 face. 
 
 "Say, I had a home — a home." 
 
 The smile changed and he laughed in a 
 peculiar way. He laughed until Lockup 
 Keeper O'Malley looked up and said: "Cut 
 it out!" And then he went on talking. 
 
 "I had it all planned — every bit. I 
 was a good worker, had a job in the stock- 
 room. I was going to Uve with her. Last 
 night she called me out of the kitchen. 
 I was fixing the sink. I came out all smil- 
 ing. I hked company and she said there 
 was someone to see me. 
 
 " I came out. God. I'U never forget. I 
 came out in my slippers — say, they were 
 waitin' at the door, six of them. And they 
 took me away. They didn't let me talk 
 to her. They took me away and I won't 
 see her again — if she don't hurry up and 
 come. They'U take me down this morn- 
 ing. But I don't care if you'U print this 
 story — say, I don't care. I'm used to it. 
 Only get it over to her — God — and I'll 
 pray for you." 
 
 "George O'Brien!" called a voice down 
 the stairway, "He's here," said Lockup 
 Keeper O'Malley. Two men, one of them 
 the parole agent, came walking down the 
 steps. "They're takin' me back," whis- 
 pered the little man. The two men walked 
 over to him. One of them dangled a pair 
 of handcuffs. 
 
 SUICIDE OR ACCIDENT 
 
 New York Mail 
 
 With gas pouring from an open jet in a 
 bathroom adjoining his sleeping room, 
 Frederick H. Herman, the indicted ex- 
 president of the Universal Reserve Life In- 
 surance Company, was found dead in his 
 bed to-day at his home, 851 East Seventy- 
 eighth street. 
 
 He drew his last breath just as his family 
 entered the room. 
 
 Members of Mr. Herman's family scouted 
 the theory of suicide, declaring that his 
 death was purely the result of an accident. 
 The police reported the case as a "sup- 
 posed suicide from gas poisoning." 
 
 Coroner AcritelU, after making an ex- 
 amination of Mr. Herman's room, said 
 that death undoubtedly had been due to 
 accidental gas asphyxiation. 
 
 The coroner said that his physician. 
 Dr. Weston, would make an examination 
 of the body this afternoon, and that an 
 inquest would be held later this week. 
 
 Dr. Ralph Wilson, of 836 Madison ave- 
 nue, who was summoned immechately, de- 
 clared that the gas in the room was not 
 enough to have caused death alone, and 
 that Mr. Herman had died from a combina- 
 tion of heart trouble and gas inhalation. 
 
 Mr. Herman, said Dr. Wilson, also had 
 been a sufferer from diabetes, and in his 
 weakened condition was not so able to re- 
 sist the influence of the gas as a man in 
 normal health. 
 
 The discovery was made by Mrs. Her- 
 man at 5.30 a. m. She slept in a room along- 
 side that of her husband. On awaking she 
 smelled gas and went to Mr. Herman's 
 room to investigate. 
 
 Adjoining the bedroom is a bathroom, 
 the door of which was open. The gas was 
 coming from that room. 
 
 Mrs. Herman hurriedly summoned the 
 butler, who went into the bathroom and 
 foimd that the valve of a pipe leading to a 
 small gas heater was open. This he shut off. 
 
 Dr. Wilson was telephoned for, but be- 
 fore he arrived Mr. Herman was dead. 
 Two or three minutes after Mrs. Herman 
 entered her husband's room his son, Fred- 
 erick R., went there in response to his 
 mother's call. He found his father propped 
 up in his bed just breathing. At the elder 
 Herman's side lay an opened magazine and 
 his eyeglasses. 
 
 Windows were thrown open and an at- 
 tempt made to revive Mr. Herman but it 
 was imsuccessful. 
 
 The gas was carried to the heater by 
 a pipe that led from the wall. There were 
 two valves on the pipe, one near the wall 
 and the other near the heater. 
 
 The family declares that the lower valve 
 had been turned off, but that the one at the 
 wall was on full and in some way the gas 
 had succeeded in escaping. 
 
 John L. O'Brien, the personal counsel 
 
POLICE NEWS AND CRIME 
 
 71 
 
 for Frederick H. Herman, was notified of 
 his client's death and arrived at the house 
 shortly after. Mr. O'Brien saw reporters 
 who called at the house, explaining that 
 members of the family did not care to be 
 interviewed. 
 
 Mr. O'Brien denied that Mr. Herman 
 committed suicide. He said that the cir- 
 cumstances surrounding his death made 
 it appear that it had been accidental. 
 
 " Mr. Herman's death was purely acci- 
 dental; of that I am convinced," said Mr. 
 O'Brien. "He was not worried by the civil 
 litigation in which he was engaged with the 
 receivers of the Universal Reserve Life 
 Insurance Company, and he long ago be- 
 came satisfied that he would never be 
 brought to trial for the criminal indict- 
 ment that was hanging over his head in 
 connection with the alleged misuse of 
 money to influence legislation at Albany. 
 
 "If it had been Mr. Herman's plan to 
 take his life by gas he would have gone about 
 it differently. The gas in his own room was 
 turned off, and it is reasonable to assume 
 that if he had had suicide in mind he would 
 have turned on the gas in his room. 
 
 " He was fully twenty feet away from 
 the gas heater in the bathroom and there 
 was a constant current of air flowing be- 
 tween the two rooms. 
 
 "There was some trouble with the fur- 
 nace, and Mr. Herman, who likes his room 
 warm, had turned on the gas in the bath- 
 room. Air was coming from the open fur- 
 nace register. 
 
 " It is evident that Mr. Herman had been 
 reading, had gone into the bathroom and 
 turned off the valve near the heater, had 
 then returned to bed, read a while, and 
 finally turned out his own gas. 
 
 "He went to bed at 11.30, and must 
 have remained up reading through the 
 night. 
 
 "I had never seen Mr Herman more 
 optimistic than he was in the last few weeks. 
 He had been busily engaged with me in 
 preparing for litigation in connection with 
 the Universal Reserve Company affairs. 
 He had no financial troubles that I know 
 of. His family life was most peaceful and 
 happy." 
 
 Mr. Herman's bedroom was on the sec- 
 ond floor, directly over the parlor. Other 
 members of his family slept on the same 
 floor and the servants on the floor above. 
 
 Mr. Herman's son, Frederick R., his 
 daughter-in-law, Ethel, and the latter's 
 mother, Mrs. William Wilson of 961 Col- 
 umbia Avenue, Worcester, Mass., were in 
 the house. Mrs. Wilson had come to New 
 York to spend the holidays with her 
 daughter and son-in-law. 
 
 Dr. Wilson, on being questioned by re- 
 porters, said: 
 
 "The case appeared to be purely acci- 
 dental. The gas was escaping from the 
 stove, and from all appearances, after Mr. 
 Herman had turned off the gas, he acci- 
 dentally turned it on again. Mr. Herman 
 had a weak heart, and the gas undoubtedly 
 affected him more quickly than it would a 
 person with a stronger heart." 
 
 Dr. WUson said that shortly before 6 
 a. m. he called up the coroner's office to 
 report the death, and a clerk there told 
 him to notify the police. This was done, 
 according to the physician, and a pohce- 
 man from the East Sixty-seventh street 
 station arrived at the house. ' 
 
 An ambulance was also sent to the resi- 
 dence, although, according to Dr. Wilson, 
 he had told the police that he was a phy- 
 sician and that Mr. Herman had been dead 
 for some time. 
 
 Note. — The different points of view from 
 which the same facts may he told in news stories 
 are very well shown in the two following ex- 
 amples. 
 
 SUICIDE 
 
 (1) 
 New York World 
 
 Facing starvation, Victor Schwartz and 
 his wife, Louise, a respectable old Swiss 
 couple, committed suicide yesterday by in- 
 haling illuminating gas in their rooms back 
 of a small confectionery and stationery 
 store, which they carried on at No. 85 
 Arnold street, Williamsburg. 
 
 Each was sixty-seven years old. They 
 had made careful preparations for their 
 
72 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 deaths. Every hole and crevice in their 
 sparsely furnished rooms had been plugged 
 with paper and rags, and in several places 
 tacks had been driven into the woodwork 
 to make sure that neither the rags nor paper 
 would become dislodged. It was this ham- 
 mering on Sunday night which caused 
 neighbors to wonder what the old couple 
 were doing, as they always retired before 
 10 o'clock. 
 
 When the Schwartzes rented the store 
 and two rooms back of it eight months ago 
 for $12 a month, they told neighbors that 
 three years before their only child, a 
 daughter of thirty-one years, had died. 
 They said they had never recovered from 
 the shock. 
 
 Business during the summer had been 
 very poor, and of late Schwartz and his wife 
 had a hard struggle to get along. The 
 woman frequently told neighbors that she 
 beUeved their misfortune would soon end. 
 On Sunday evening Schwartz and his wife 
 distributed much of their stock in the store 
 to the children in the neighborhood. It is 
 evident that they had decided on suicide. 
 
 Mrs. Rose Black, who has a grocery ad- 
 joining the Schwartz store, and Mrs. Kate 
 Week, a second floor tenant, heard the 
 couple hammering in their rooms up to 
 midnight Simday, and yesterday at day- 
 break the two women were the first to de- 
 tect the odor of illuminating gas from the 
 Schwartz apartments. Policeman McCaf- 
 frey, of the Hamburg avenue station, was 
 called in and, forcing an entrance, found 
 Schwartz sitting dead in a chair in the 
 kitchen, fully dressed. He had one end of a 
 rubber tube in his mouth, the other end of 
 which was fixed to an open gas burner. The 
 woman lay dead on her bed in a night dress 
 with a rubber tube in her mouth, fastened 
 to another open gas burner. Ambulance 
 Surgeon Sibbel, who came from the Ger- 
 man Hospital, said the couple had been 
 dead several hours. On a small card was a 
 request that Edward Black be telephoned 
 for at "421 Thirty-eighth street." A dime 
 lay on the card to pay for the telephone mes- 
 sage. In the room was found 67 cents. The 
 bodies were removed to the Brooklyn 
 Morgue. 
 
 (2) 
 
 New York Times 
 
 "Auntie Schwartz" was the way in 
 which Mrs. Louise Schwartz soon came to 
 be known to the children of the neighbor- 
 hood when she and her husband, Victor, 
 each of them 67 years old, opened a small 
 candy and stationery store at 85 Arnold 
 Street, WiUiamsburg, about eight months 
 ago. 
 
 Her small customers just kept the busi- 
 ness going in the little shop, but it was a 
 penny business, and when the rent of the 
 store was raised recently from $12 to $15 
 a month, "Auntie" Schwartz almost de- 
 spaired of continuing to make a living. Her 
 face grew sad and careworn, and one day, 
 when one of her little customers was griev- 
 ing over the loss of a pet doll which a dog 
 had chewed up, "Auntie" Schwartz did 
 not console her with a cheerful word and a 
 chocolate drop or two, as she was wont to 
 do. Instead she took her on her lap and 
 told of the little girl she had lost three years 
 ago. She did not explain that her "little 
 girl" had been 31 years old, and that she 
 had helped greatly in making a living for 
 the old folks, who were now staggering un- 
 der the burden of age, increased rent, and 
 a precarious trade. The old people seemed 
 always oppressed by the sadness of the loss 
 of their only child. 
 
 Day by day recently the children noticed 
 that "Auntie" Schwartz was less cheerful 
 that usual. Their elders seldom visited 
 the little store, and so none who might 
 have helped knew that old Victor Schwartz 
 and his wife were almost starving to death, 
 or that the old couple were slowly making 
 up their minds to end their troubles to- 
 gether. 
 
 So it was that the children were the 
 first to discover yesterday that the little 
 store was not open for business when they 
 passed it on their way to their first day at 
 school, and "Auntie" Schwartz lost many 
 pennies which her small customers had 
 intended to expend for lead pencils and 
 erasers. "Auntie" Schwartz had called 
 them all in on Sunday evening and had dis- 
 tributed among them all her small stock of 
 
POLICE NEWS AND CRIME 
 
 73 
 
 candy, telling them that she would have a 
 full new stock for the beginning of school. 
 
 Meantime, Mrs. Kate Week and Mrs. 
 Rose Black, who Uve above the store, were 
 puzzled by the odor of gas which perme- 
 ated their apartments. At last the women 
 traced it to the store, which they found 
 closed and locked. The gas came from the 
 two living rooms which the Schwartzes oc- 
 cupied behind their store, and Mrs. Week 
 and Mrs. Black finally got Policeman Mc- 
 Caffrey of the Hamburg Avenue Station to 
 smash down the door. 
 
 The policeman and the women found the 
 old man seated in a chair in the kitchen, a 
 gas tube clutched between his teeth, the 
 other end of which was made fast to a gas 
 jet. He was dead. In the little bedroom 
 they found also the body of Mrs. Schwartz 
 dead like her husband from the gas which 
 she had inhaled. Like him, too, she had 
 tied the tube around her head, so that it 
 should not slip from her mouth. 
 
 A search of the rooms showed that the 
 old couple had been in the most abject 
 poverty. Only 67 cents was found in the 
 flat. 
 
 SUICIDE 
 
 Milwaukee Sentinel 
 
 CHICAGO, 111., March 3.— Emma John- 
 son died on Monday. She was the grave 
 faced little seamstress from La Crosse, 
 Wis., who used to sit every day near a 
 dingy window at 42 Wilson avenue, ply- 
 ing her needle in silence, wearing an ex- 
 pression like that of a nun. And every one 
 said she "looked so peaceful." 
 
 But the coroner's jury found that the 
 little woman, in whom no one would have 
 suspected deep emotion, had been tem- 
 pestuously in love, that she had not been 
 able to win the man she wanted, and that 
 she had sat there at her seams, "praying 
 for strength to wait for a natural death." 
 She did not want to kill herself. But she 
 did. 
 
 She went to the home of Mrs. Jennie 
 Nelson, 4212 North avenue. Mrs. Nelson's 
 brother, William Larson, is the man she 
 
 wanted to marry. He "was fond of her, 
 too," as Mrs. Nelson said, "but his health 
 was poor and he did not want to marry for 
 the present." 
 
 Emma Johnson turned on the gas and 
 died. She left a letter, in which she said: 
 
 "Dearest Friends — When you have 
 read this I have crossed the bar. Ambition, 
 energy and strength have deserted me and 
 every hope and dream is shattered. Death 
 is the only relief. I have called upon 
 heaven to save me from myself — to send 
 me a natural death. I don't want to die 
 hke this. I want to live and be happy, but 
 that is not to be. 
 
 "I've had my heU here, but it is hard 
 to go like this, hard to bring this sorrow 
 upon my folks, bitterly hard. 
 
 "For the one who has driven me to do 
 this I feel only love, and if I am permitted 
 to enter heaven I shall wait for him. 
 
 "Perhaps he will love me then; he will 
 feel bad about this, but help him under- 
 stand that I forgive all, and I hope some 
 one else will be to him what I never could, 
 a joy and a comfort, and that she may 
 make him happy as I had hoped to do. 
 I wish I could look upon the faces of my 
 dear father and brothers and sisters again. 
 I can't stUl the voice in my heart. I 
 haven't the strength. Forgive me and 
 pray for me. Only another lost soul." 
 
 SUICIDE OF SCHOOL GIRL 
 Chicago Tribune 
 
 Rose Lubin's younger brother. Max, 
 wanted help with his "home work" last 
 night. Rose, who is 16, is proud of her 
 standing at the head of the eighth grade 
 in the Winfield school. 
 
 "I can't do my own work and yours, 
 too," she told Max. "I've got enough to 
 keep me busy till bed time and I'm not 
 going to lose my marks on your account." 
 
 Max went to his father and the father 
 went to Rose. 
 
 "If you don't help your brother I'll take 
 you out of school," said Lubin. 
 
 Whereupon Rose changed her mind 
 about the manner in which the nickel she 
 
74 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 had earned in the afternoon was to be 
 spent. She bought acid with it, returned 
 to her home at 951 West Fifteenth street, 
 and drank the poison. 
 
 Rose will not be at school today. Per- 
 haps she will never go back. She is in the 
 county hospital. Physicians there fear 
 she will not recover. 
 
 CAUSE OF ATTEMPTED SUICIDE 
 
 New York Evening Post 
 
 Mary Stober, eighteen years old, of 951 
 East 135th Street, who tried to kill herself 
 last week (Friday) because she has no piano, 
 is home again from the Lincoln Hospital, 
 and is starting in to live again in a world 
 where no hope is, since she cannot have a 
 piano. 
 
 To dream every night that you have 
 a piano and "play just grand," and then 
 wake up to hear the alarm clock buzzing 
 six o'clock; to forget where you are, and 
 half close your eyes and pretend that the 
 movements your fingers are making are 
 on a piano, instead of having something 
 to do with the bobbin of a machine in 
 an embroidery factory; to hear beautiful 
 music suddenly in the midst of your work, 
 and listen, startled and ecstatic, for a mo- 
 ment until it is lost in the endless whirring 
 of the machines — these things, if you have 
 never done them, may seem a certainty 
 that Life is, after all, very splendid while 
 there is such a thing as imagination, and 
 that the gray of it is woven full of unex- 
 pected and vivid threads of color. 
 
 Or it may impress you as deliciously 
 funny that the lack of a piano can seem 
 tragic, if you have a big enough view of 
 tragic things to see that some of them are 
 greater. But to this girl, who does them 
 every day and night of her life, they are 
 simply the things which have twice made 
 her try to kill herself, the reason why she is 
 "disgusted, always disgusted," as she says, 
 very simply. 
 
 Mary Stober has a pale, strong face, 
 with a stubborn chin and a wistful smile, 
 very gray eyes, light brown hair in a bang 
 on her forehead, and very red lips. She 
 
 looks very young and very determined and 
 very wistful and somewhat sullen. Her 
 hands are red and rough and square- 
 fingered from hard work. 
 
 She was dusting one of the rooms this 
 morning in the soggy apartment house of 
 which her mother is janitress, and where 
 they and the six other children live and 
 pay half -rent. She goes back to the factory 
 on Monday. She sat down in one of the 
 innumerous chairs to tell her story, finger- 
 ing the grimy dust-cloth with her red fin- 
 gers, which are never quiet for a minute. 
 Her mother stood up through the recital — 
 the little German mother who speaks Eng- 
 lish only brokenly, who wears a little shawl 
 over her head while she sweeps down the 
 long flights of stairs and who used to play 
 the piano herself when she was a girl in 
 Germany — and looked at Mary with a 
 worried, gentle, almost heartbroken look. 
 
 "When I was ten — that was when I 
 stopped school and went to work — I 
 thought always about when I would be 
 eighteen and a grand piano player," Mary 
 began, fingering the dust-cloth. "Then I 
 was eighteen and I didn't have a piano yet, 
 and I was almost crazy. Eight years I 
 have worked, and I haven't got anything 
 yet. And what's worrying me now is where 
 we're going to go. We can't stay here. 
 Other places we've been we've had coal 
 and things, and our money could all go for 
 the food and clothes. But now we've got 
 to pay for a stove and coal." 
 
 She and her sister, who is nineteen and 
 who can play the piano by ear when she 
 can find one to play — Mary herself can 
 only play with one hand by ear, and "peo- 
 ple don't like to hear that kind o' playing," 
 she says — and the oldest brother, are the 
 only ones who make money. Mary makes 
 seven dollars a week. All of these details, 
 which she tells simply, go to show that 
 there is little hope for a piano. The little, 
 crumpled mother from behind the chair 
 she is leaning on says, in her broken way, 
 that a piano is not so easy to get, and looks 
 hopelessly at her daughter. 
 
 "Then we got phonograph, but she only 
 cry every time he play," the mother 
 said. 
 
POLICE NEWS AND CRIME 
 
 75 
 
 "I can't bear to hear it," interrupted 
 Mary. " I'd rather play myself ." 
 
 And so finally the brother took the 
 phonograph away, about a month ago, 
 since it only made the girl more miserable 
 than ever. 
 
 "And in every house I go to," she said, 
 "there is a piano. And one girl comes to 
 the factory, saying she can play grand, 
 and her father wants her to play in a caba- 
 ret. She's only sixteen, too. I can't be 
 happy," she finished simply. "I can't te 
 happy. And it gets my goat when anybody 
 laughs. And every single night I dream 
 I've got a piano and play so nice, and 
 every day at work I imagine I am playing. 
 All I want to do is to play a piano. I don't 
 want clothes. If I have good clothes the 
 girls would want me to go out with them, 
 and I don't want to go out. It is only 
 trouble comes of it. All I want to do is to 
 stay home and play the piano." 
 
 All the family Uke music, it seems, "but 
 none of them but me would die for it," she 
 says. "And my father hated it. He wanted 
 me only to work, day and night to work, 
 since I was ten. But he's gone away now. 
 They took him away — Randall's Island." 
 It was when the father was home, though, 
 and earning a Uttle now and then, that the 
 phonograph, which proved a doubtful bless- 
 ing, was made possible. 
 
 Mary Stober says, and her chin looks 
 very square, that she knows she could pay 
 for lessons — she would walk to the factory 
 instead of riding and go without lunch — if 
 she only had a piano to practice on at home. 
 
 It was a mixture of lysol and iodine that 
 she took last week — the only things she 
 could find. "I don't care what I take," she 
 says, "if I can't get what I want. Eight 
 years I've worked and I haven't gotten 
 anything yet." It was last August that 
 she tried before to kill herself. 
 
CHAPTER V 
 
 ' CEIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS 
 
 Type of story. As all forms of judicial procedure are included under 
 court news, stories of this class cover such matters as police court news, 
 criminal trials, civil suits, divorce suits, bankruptcy, wills and other probate 
 court matters, decisions of higher courts, and findings of judicial officers. 
 Since much court news is of a routine character, the matter-of-fact informative 
 news story is a frequent medium for presenting it. This does not imply that 
 such news is necessarily dry and uninteresting, for by bringing out salient 
 and significant phases of such matters as decisions of higher courts, legal doc- 
 uments, wills, and bankruptcy cases, as well as of criminal and civil suits, 
 the facts of the news can be made of interest even to the casual reader 
 (cf. "Supreme Court Decision," p. 88, and "Opinion of Attorney General," 
 p. 90). Criminal and civil cases often have a strong human interest element 
 that, if rightly developed, may be a valuable part of the story (cf. "Criminal 
 Court," p. 83, and "Supreme Court Decision," p. 89). The little comedies 
 and tragedies of the police court have long been favorite subjects for enter- 
 taining and appealing human interest stories (cf. "Municipal Court," p. 78, 
 and "Forgery Case," p. 78). 
 
 Purpose. To give fair and accurate publicity to significant phases of the 
 administration of justice is the obvious reason for the pubhcation of court 
 news. Court proceedings, like those of legislative bodies, are activities of 
 important branches of government and hence are matters of public concern. 
 In reporting sessions of these bodies, the writer's aim should be to direct the 
 reader's attention to those details of the proceedings (1) that are significant 
 to him personally, (2) that affect the interests of the community, and (3) 
 that relate to the welfare of society as a whole. 
 
 The wide-spread publicity given by newspapers to the punishment in- 
 flicted on wrong-doers tends to deter others from similar illegal acts, and 
 thus aids in accompUshing the chief object of punishment. "The wages of 
 sin is publicity," as one editor has expressed it. What has been said of the 
 value of constructive stories of crime appHes with equal force to stories of 
 criminal trials. 
 
 Destructive, or anti-social, influences, opposed to the best interests of 
 organized society, are found in those court stories — particularly those of 
 
CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS 77 
 
 criminal and divorce cases — that play up disgusting or scandalous phases 
 of such trials in order to gratify the morbid taste of some of their readers. 
 Another evil connected with the newspaper's treatjnent of court news is 
 the so-called "trying the case in the newspaper" by means of news stories 
 and editorials pubhshed before or during a trial. Some newspapers under- 
 take to prove the innocence or the guilt of an accused person by printing 
 whatever evidence they can secure, even though some of it would be excluded 
 from the trial under the rules of evidence. In this way they create pubhc 
 opinion and arouse public feeling to such an extent as to prevent the accused 
 person's having the fair trial to which he is entitled. 
 
 Treatment of material. To find matters of general significance and in- 
 terest, particularly when they are buried in legal technicalities and verbiage, 
 and to present them clearly and attractively without sacrificing accuracy, 
 are the main problems in handling court news. The task is not an easy one, 
 but it is worth doing well, for court news, if well treated, can be made 
 interesting and significant even to the casual reader. 
 
 The body of court news stories usually consists of summaries of argu- 
 ments, decisions, testimony, or legal documents, or of excerpts from them, 
 with the necessary connective material. In some instances the story is 
 largely a history of the case or action and of the persons ^involved. The lead 
 is usually determined by the status of the case. Any one of the important 
 points may be made the feature. 
 
 Testimony in news stories is given in one of three forms: (1) the ques- 
 tion indicated by "Q" and the answer by "A," both question and answer 
 given in one paragraph without quotation marks, (2) the question and the 
 answer in quotation marks, each followed by the necessary explanatory 
 matter and each in a separate paragraph, like verbatim conversation in 
 fiction, (3) a summary of the testimony of each witness in indirect quotation 
 form, with the name of the witness at or near the beginning of the first 
 sentence of the summarized testimony. 
 
 Contents of story. Because of the variety of material presented by dif- 
 ferent kinds of court news, it is difficult to indicate specifically the points to 
 be considered in each story. Among the important details, however, are 
 (1) the verdict and the conditions under which it was rendered, (2) the 
 sentence imposed, (3) the decision rendered and its significance, (4) im- 
 portant testimony, (5) net results of the day's proceedings in a trial, (6) the 
 history of the case or action, (7) provisions of a will, (8) liabilities, assets, 
 and cause in bankruptcy, (9) the award, or finding, (10) the grounds on 
 which a suit is based. 
 
78 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 POLICE COURT CASE 
 
 Savannah News 
 
 If you own an automobile and are fond 
 of joy rides in the evening, it will be a good 
 idea to keep your weather eye on the gaso- 
 lene tank, for none will be filled in Savan- 
 nah after sundown if the efforts of the fire 
 department are successful. 
 
 Chief John H. Monroe is seeking to have 
 enforced the ordinance prohibiting the 
 handling of gasolene after sundown, be- 
 lieving it will reduce the fire hazard. 
 
 Every city has a nvunber of laws that are 
 forgotten because they are seldom en- 
 forced. This is true of the gasolene ordi- 
 nance here. It was not generally known 
 that such a law was on the statute books 
 until Barney Kolman was arraigned in the 
 Police Court yesterday, charged with vio- 
 lating it by selling fuel to a motorist at 
 night. He was fined $10 or thirty days in 
 jail by Judge John E. Schwarz and the 
 fine was remitted. 
 
 "No gasolene shall be handled in any 
 way for charging or filling any tank or 
 repositorj- by artificial light, and never at 
 all after sundown," reads the ordinance, 
 passed in 1906. A fine of not more than 
 $100 and imprisonment not exceeding 
 thirty days, either or both, is provided. 
 
 " It is dangerous to handle such a fire 
 producer as gasolene after sundowTi be- 
 cause people become careless and in many 
 cases use open torches, candles or matches, 
 to get enough light to see what they are 
 doing," said the fire chief. "Such care- 
 lessness leads to increased danger from 
 gasolene explosions." 
 
 It was because of efforts of the fire de- 
 partment to stop violations of the law, 
 which, it is said, have become common, 
 that Kolman, whose place of business is at 
 No. 435 West Bond street, was docketed. 
 
 The ordinance was passed AprU 13, 
 1904, and amended Oct. 10, 1906, and 
 August 14, 1907. 
 
 Recorder Schwarz remarked, in hearing 
 the case against Kolman, that he had 
 never heard of the ordinance, and that if 
 it did exist he had seen it violated a num- 
 ber of times. 
 
 MUNICIPAL COURT 
 
 Kansas City Star 
 
 Down Main Street drove Carl Wilson, 
 1228 Jenifer Street, yesterday on the seat 
 of an undertaker's ambulance, blowing on 
 his fingers to warm them. Presently he 
 saw a familiar figure on the sidewalk. It 
 was Gus Hart, 2231A Holton Street. 
 
 "Hey, Gus," he called. "Come on and 
 take a ride." 
 
 Gus climbed to the seat beside Wilson 
 and smiled expansively. 
 
 "Fine day, ain't it?" said he. 
 
 "Yes, it ain't," said Carl. "I'm cold 
 through and through." 
 
 "Oh, this is real weather," said Gus. 
 
 "How can any man like this?" said Carl 
 angrily. "You must be crazy." 
 
 "Crazy yourself," said Gus. 
 
 "Bing!" said Carl's fist. 
 
 "Crack!" said Gus's chin. 
 
 Then they fought on the seat of the un- 
 dertaker's ambulance, while the horse took 
 the opportunity to snatch a few moments 
 of rest. 
 
 Both were taken into the South Side 
 INIunicipal Court this morning. Carl 
 looked at Gus and Gus at Carl. 
 
 "Say, judge," said Carl. " We 're friends. 
 But even friends fall out about the weather. 
 Let us off, will you?" 
 
 Acting Judge Casimir J. Welch let 'em 
 off. 
 
 FORGERY CASE 
 
 Milwaukee Sentinel 
 
 With his young wife clasping him in her 
 arms and sobbing bitterly, Louis Short 
 stood with hanging head in District court 
 on Friday, heard himself branded as a for- 
 ger, and in a shaking voice told how he had 
 forged the check because his baby had died 
 and he bad no money to bury the little 
 body. 
 
 A hush fell over the courtroom at the 
 sight of the young couple standing in the 
 prisoners' dock, crushed and broken after 
 the bitter, losing fight against poverty and 
 temptation. They have been married 
 
CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS 
 
 79 
 
 but two years and were happy in their 
 little home in Chicago until the boy hus- 
 band lost his job. 
 
 Misfortunes crowded upon them after 
 that. They became driftwood on the sea of 
 life, washed hither and thither and finally 
 cast upon Milwaukee. Then the baby 
 died. It was the last blow, and nagging 
 temptation won its victory. 
 
 Short forged a check for $48 on the 
 German-American bank. He made it out 
 to Louis Short, signed the name "J. Seik- 
 ler, president," and passed it in Mrs. Mary 
 Moore's saloon, 251 Herst avenue, on 
 July 28. With the money the baby was 
 buried. Then came the law and Short's 
 arrest. 
 
 Short pleaded guilty, admitted every- 
 thing, and tried to be brave. So did his 
 girl wife, but the strain was too much. 
 She broke down, threw her arms around 
 his neck and hid her face on his shoulder. 
 
 "O, Louis, Louis!" she sobbed. 
 
 Judge Neelen adjourned the case one 
 week, for there is a possibility that Short's 
 father will send him the money to pay Mrs. 
 Moore back. 
 
 CHILDREN'S COURT 
 
 New York Evening Sun 
 
 There was a soft patter on the floor of 
 the Children's Court this morning, and in 
 through the gates, swung open for them by 
 a tall policeman, advanced two little 
 maids, eyes cast down, doll feet taking 
 quick, small steps. Justice Wyatt brushed 
 aside the dry legal documents before him 
 and looked down from the bench with 
 more interest than he had displayed all the 
 morning. The benchers craned their necks 
 and the court officers were all eyes. Here 
 was something out of the usual routine — 
 two little Chinese maids. Somehow they 
 didn't fit into the picture of juvenile of- 
 fenders, mothers from the tenements full of 
 cares and burdened with babies, the mot- 
 ley array of parents, complainants, street 
 arabs and heavyfooted guardians of the 
 law. On the Yang-Tse-Kiang, perhaps, 
 the little maids would have fallen into 
 
 harmony with their surroundings, but not 
 in the hurly-burly of an Occidental court 
 room. Who were they and what was the 
 occasion of their coming? 
 
 An agent of the Children's Society ex- 
 plained. He was Obadiah Cunningham. 
 The almond-eyed visitors were the Misses 
 Moy You Toy and Chin Fung Toy, who 
 had strayed beyond the boundaries of the 
 three crooked streets which mark the 
 limits of the local Chinatown. For two 
 moons the quarter had been upset. The 
 joss gave no comfort when his aid was 
 sought and one night threw the luck sticks 
 into the air in his temple ever so many 
 times; but no matter if they came down 
 with the wished for side uppermost, not a 
 word came from beyond the pale, out of 
 the wide spreading territory of the " white 
 devils," about either Moy You Toy or 
 Chin Fung Toy — that is, not until this 
 morning, when the lost were found again 
 and taken to the Children's Court. Then 
 the Chinese women — the men do not care 
 so much about the disappearance of a girl 
 as of a boy — could once more eat with a 
 relish their dried fish, and duck eggs dug 
 from the soil of their native land, in which 
 they had remained packed until the day 
 of consumption. 
 
 Chin Fung Toy and Moy You Toy, the 
 first named 13, and the other 14 years old, 
 trembled much in the presence of the 
 austere figure on the high seat, who they 
 had no doubt was a ruler of mighty power; 
 but he spoke kindly to them and they saw 
 that it was not his intention either to eat 
 them or cast them into a dark dungeon. 
 Still, though his voice was gentle, they 
 longed somehow to be at home again at 
 30 and 34 Mott street, respectively, to 
 look upon their own people and hear their 
 own tongue spoken. 
 
 It was not to be — not at once, anyhow. 
 The agent who had charge of them sub- 
 mitted a paper to the Magistrate, in which 
 was contained the information in terse, 
 legal phraseology that there was no proper 
 guardianship for the two maids, and Jus- 
 tice Wyatt committed them to the care 
 of the Society, setting the case down for 
 an examination next Wednesday. It was 
 
8o 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 represented to the Court that there was rea- 
 son to believe that their so-called parents 
 were not their parents at all. Superinten- 
 dent Jenkins of the Gerry Society prom- 
 ised to say something about that phase of 
 the question later. In the meanwhile Moy 
 You Toy and Chin Fung Toy will look on 
 the world through the windows of the 
 Society's building at Twenty-third street 
 and Fourth avenue, and not from the 
 closely shuttered blinds of Mott street. 
 
 How were Chin Fung Toy and Moy 
 You Toy found? That is another story, 
 which has not been told yet; but there are 
 hints of interesting developments to fol- 
 low before the wanderings of the children 
 of Mott street become known. 
 
 The statements issued from the offices 
 of the Gerry Society this afternoon, state- 
 ments made by the little girls through an 
 interpreter, put an entirely different com- 
 plexion on their disappearance and made 
 it appear that they had been little white 
 slaves in Mott street. They were both sold 
 like common chattels in China, they said, 
 and in the quarter they got more kicks and 
 blows than kindness. For instance, Moy 
 You Toy, after stating that she is 14 years 
 old, according to our reckoning, and 15 
 years old according to the Chinese, giving 
 the place of her nativity as Sung Hing dis- 
 trict, Moy-how city, said: 
 
 " My address has been 34 Mott street, 
 Room 11. My father died when I was very 
 young, and my mother married again and 
 left me alone with my grandmother, who 
 was very, very poor. I was sold to the 
 wife of Moy See Chai, who brought me 
 over here to America about two years ago, 
 and I have been with her ever since. 
 
 "I have had to work very hard in the 
 house, making buttons and button loops 
 from early morning until late at night. 
 When I take a rest I get scolded and beaten. 
 Whenever my mistress's boy called to me 
 to do certain things, and when I was not 
 able to do them fast enough, the boy would 
 beat me. 
 
 "I do not want to say anything that is 
 not true against them; they fed me well, 
 of course, nothing luxurious. 
 
 "My mistress often said to me: 'You 
 
 must be careful of Miss Banta [Miss Mary 
 E. Banta, superintendent of a school in 
 Chinatown]; you can't depend upon her 
 all the time, and complain to her and dis- 
 play your feelings' (meaning by this that I 
 should not make any complaints to Miss 
 Banta)." 
 
 The girl continued that her mistress 
 had even said to her, "If I killed you they 
 could only arrest me." Once, she added, 
 she got a terrible beating because she had 
 gone to the country with Miss Banta. 
 
 Chin Fung Toy or Choy said that there 
 was a man named Ing Yee Yue of Wash- 
 ington, D. C, who has a son and wife in 
 China, and that Fung Choy was sold to 
 his son. 
 
 " I was sold to his son and was brought 
 to America by Pang Sam," she continued. 
 "Pang Sam was a friend of Ing's. I was 
 told that the price the son paid for me was 
 $160. 
 
 "I came from a village in China, but 
 don't know its name. About eight or nine 
 months ago Ing Yee Yue said he was going 
 back to China and was not able to keep me 
 any longer; he then brought me to New 
 York and sold me to Chin Hing for $500 
 gold. I have been with Chin Hing ever 
 since, about eight or nine months. I have 
 had to work in the family all the time, mak- 
 ing buttons and button loops for stores. 
 Some mornings I had to get up at 7 o'clock 
 and sometimes work right on until 2 o'clock 
 in the morning. I was not allowed to go 
 out. 
 
 "If I didn't work all the time I got 
 beaten, although I am told I was treated 
 much better than the former slave girls. 
 The other two were married. One is here 
 in New York yet and the other has gone 
 down South. I had to do all the washing 
 — sheets and all. The only teaching I ever 
 received was from Miss Banta, who taught 
 me for an hour or so every Monday." 
 
 Fung Choy did not want to go back to 
 Mott street, after all, she told the Gerry 
 agents, no matter how downcast she may 
 have seemed in court. She would rather 
 die than be sent back to Mott street, she 
 declared. 
 
 She won't be. 
 
CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS 
 
 8i 
 
 RUNAWAY BOY IN COURT 
 
 New York World 
 
 Morris Steiner is a bad boy and Morris 
 Steiner is a good boy, and whichever he is 
 most Magistrate Naumer in the Flatbush 
 Court, Brooklyn, must soon decide. 
 
 Morris, now in Raymond Street Jail, 
 says he will not live with his stepmother. 
 He braved hunger and privation because 
 of this idea. He built himself a hut, lived 
 a queer gypsy life for weeks, cooked his 
 own meals and slept in his queer camp. He 
 did his own washing and cooking. And, 
 curious boy that he is, he did his own pray- 
 ing, which was that his own mother would 
 forgive him for running away, and would 
 come to him as he slept and kiss his fore- 
 head. That, he says, was the prayer he 
 made in his hut. 
 
 Morris, who is sixteen years old, could 
 never get along with his stepmother. He 
 has a brother eighteen years old and an- 
 other fom-teen, and they live on good terms 
 with their stepmother. It was nine years 
 ago that the brisk little woman married 
 Aaron Steiner, a travelling salesman. He 
 was a widower with four children. 
 
 The Steiners have not only a comfortable 
 but a pretty home at No. 991 Sixtieth 
 street, Brooklyn. It possesses shade trees 
 and carefully trimmed hedges and a be- 
 flowered piazza. Mrs. Steiner said to a 
 World reporter there yesterday: 
 
 "Such a queer boy! This home is not 
 for him. He wiU not have it because I am 
 his stepmother. From the time he was 
 seven years old he would hardly speak to 
 his father, because I had come to the home. 
 My other stepchildren love me. But he 
 will not. I could not pet him. He would 
 shrink from me. Or he would laugh. I 
 thought all the time that when he got older 
 it would be aU right. But it was not. The 
 older he got the less he would think of this 
 as his home. He would always run away." 
 
 This habit of the boy brought him into 
 the Flatbush Court yesterday on a charge 
 of being incorrigible. 
 
 When the boy disappeared the last time 
 he made his way to a spot about half a 
 mile from his home. It is in a garden over- 
 
 grown with rank weeds back of an aban- 
 doned carpenter shop. The lot is at New 
 York and Thirteenth avenues, Brooklyn. 
 
 The boy built a house of old planks, 
 nailed together with a carpenter-like pro- 
 ficiency. Inside he constructed for himself 
 a couch and a fireplace with a chimney out- 
 let; on a peg on the wall hung a stiff whisk- 
 broom with which the earthen floor might 
 be kept smooth. 
 
 The youngster also put up pegs on which 
 he himg an extra suit of clothes. He was 
 not without an artistic sense, for he nailed 
 to the walls cartoons and other newspaper 
 drawings, the most prominent one being 
 that of President Taft, with a background 
 portraying the reception on the return of 
 the ex-President and the lonely Taft ex- 
 claiming: " Nobody loves a fat man." The 
 boy was evidently in sympathy with the 
 loneliness of the fat man. 
 
 For six weeks the youngster made his 
 home in this hut. Scraps of dry bread were 
 the only signs of food in the place when he 
 was arrested. But word was sent him that 
 one of his little stepsisters, of whom he was 
 very fond, had been awake all night crying 
 for his return. When he heard that he went 
 back home. It was true about the Uttle girl 
 crying for him. But also, when he got back 
 his father handed him a summons to appear 
 in the Flatbush Police Court. At that the 
 boy flew into a rage. He tore the summons 
 to bits and flung them at his father. His 
 father thereupon caused his arrest. 
 
 In court yesterday the youngster stol- 
 idly looked at his stepmother. He frowned 
 at his father. 
 
 "Do you know," demanded the father, 
 "that you are arrested?" 
 
 " I don't care," said the boy, 
 
 " Don't you see what a trouble you are? " 
 insisted his parent. 
 
 The boy for answer turned to the Judge, 
 
 "I can't live with my stepmother," he 
 said. " I don't do anything wrong. I don't 
 want to. But I get along by myself. I've 
 been living in my little hut, and I like it 
 there all by myself, with nobody to get 
 sore on me. That's all. I wish I could only 
 be left alone — that's all." 
 
 His Honor, with an eye on the youthful 
 
82 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 face, shook his head and held the boy in 
 $300 bail for a further hearing Friday 
 morning. 
 
 CRIMINAL COURT EXAMINATION 
 
 Milwaukee Sentinel 
 
 For the first time the inner history of 
 the daring theft of the Boston store's 
 $3,500 pay roll from the messenger in the 
 First National bank on Feb. 15 was told 
 on Tuesday, when Joseph Wilson, awaiting 
 trial for complicity, turned state's evidence 
 against George O. Watts, in his preliminary 
 examination in District court. 
 
 Wilson said that Watts recruited in 
 Chicago a quintet for the express purpose 
 of " cracking a crib" in Milwaukee. Wilson 
 said that the theft of the money-laden 
 satchel was not premeditated, but that the 
 gang had set out to " work" the banks. 
 
 According to Wilson's story, Chester 
 Bangs, who is now awaiting trial, cleverly 
 sneaked the satchel at the feet of the Boston 
 store messenger, and the other four "blank- 
 eted" him while he slipped out of the bank. 
 
 Watts, whom Wilson's testimony clearly 
 showed to have been an accomplice, was 
 bound over to Municipal court. Bail was 
 set at $9,000 despite Attorney W. H. 
 Rubin's plea for a lower figure. 
 
 WUson said that the gang was composed 
 of Watts, Bangs, Oates, Carter and himself. 
 Of these, Oates and Carter are still at lib- 
 erty. The other three have been boimd 
 over for trial. 
 
 Wilson told his story freely and fuUy, 
 using considerable slang. 
 
 "Two days before this deal was pulled 
 off I had a talk with Watts in a saloon in 
 Chicago; he sent me a note by Oates to 
 meet him," said Wilson. " I had been out 
 of jaU four days. Watts asked me to come 
 in on the scheme of cracking a crib in Mil- 
 waukee and told me that he had three other 
 fellows to go along. 
 
 "I agreed and Watts 'made a meet' op- 
 posite the union depot in time to take the 
 7 o'clock train to Milwaukee on Feb. 15. 
 We met there, the five of us, and came to 
 Milwaukee. 
 
 "After we left the station we stopped in 
 for a drink in a small hotel at the corner 
 of the station park. Watts said: 'This'll 
 be a good place for a meet if we're piped 
 off.' After that we started in to work the 
 banks. We went to the First National twice. 
 
 "On the second trip we piped the mes- 
 senger filling his pay roll satchel. That was 
 our chance. It was fixed that Bangs should 
 turn the trick. We four sat on one of the 
 benches near a window. In a minute Bangs 
 signaled us to come up, and we did. 
 
 "While the messenger was looking over 
 some papers Bangs reached under and 
 grabbed the satchel. Then we crowded 
 around and blanketed him until he had 
 gotten out of the bank. Then we went out 
 and scattered. I saw Bangs, with the 
 satchel, hop on a street car. 
 
 " I walked up Wisconsin street and was 
 later joined by Oates. When we got in 
 front of the postoffice some one hollered. 
 I turned around. It was Bangs. We joined 
 him beside the building. He opened the 
 satchel, and I saw it was filled with paper 
 and silver. He kept the paper money, tied 
 in packages, and loaded all the silver on me. 
 Of course I did not count it, for we were 
 right on the sidewalk. 
 
 "That noon I caught an interurban car 
 for Racine at Clinton street. Watts was 
 on the car. He came and sat with me. 
 
 "'We come off pretty clean,' he said. 
 'There can't be no "rap" to this.' I told 
 him it was a fool trick to carry so much 
 silver as I had in my bundle. 
 
 The whole bunch was on the car. When 
 the car stopped at a corner in Racine we 
 all got off and scattered. 
 
 " In a minute I decided that I was being 
 trailed. I caught up to Oates and told him 
 so. He told me to go in a saloon and find 
 out. I did, and the fellow trailing me came 
 in too. I went out of the saloon, saw Watts 
 and told him I was trailed. 
 
 " ' Ding that and duck,' he said, pointing 
 to my bundle. 
 
 "'Cover up and give me a chance,' I 
 said. 
 
 "He did, and I ducked down a side 
 street, but that fellow was still trailing me. 
 After walking about a quarter mUe I 
 
CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS 
 
 83 
 
 stepped into a cigar store, for I'd made up 
 my mind to duck that fellow. I got the 
 proprietor to take me out in the back yard. 
 Then I climbed over two fences and hid in a 
 shed until dusk. 
 
 "Detective Sullivan nailed me about 
 9 o'clock that night." 
 
 On cross-examination, Wilson freely told 
 his long criminal record, which includes 
 several convictions. He gave his age as 53 
 years. He said that Joseph Wilson is his 
 real name, but that he has used three 
 aliases. 
 
 Asked what his business is, Wilson said: 
 
 " I'm a professional thief." 
 
 District Attorney A. C. Backus an- 
 nounced that he would file information 
 charging Watts with a second offense, for 
 which the penalty may be twenty-five 
 years in prison. 
 
 CRIMINAL COURT 
 
 Detroit News 
 
 Some 20 years ago a ragged little news- 
 boy stood shivering on a busy corner in the 
 heart of St. Louis. His last paper was yet 
 to be sold and his free hand jingled a pocket- 
 ful of loose coins. A hurrying pedestrian 
 snatched the final copy and thrust a nickel 
 in the hand of the boy. He did not wait for 
 change. Five minutes later the ragged and 
 cold and hungry boy stood with his nose 
 buried in a volume of "First Steps for 
 Chemists" in the musty atmosphere of a 
 second-hand book store. 
 
 Wednesday morning the same boy, now 
 grown to manhood, stood before the federal 
 court in Detroit and heard a stern judge 
 sentence him to 10 years in the federal 
 prison at Leavenworth and affix a fine of 
 $5,000 on three counts charging counter- 
 feiting. It was the cause and the effect. 
 
 The boy was Harry Wilson, alias Peter 
 Smith, said to be one of the cleverest coun- 
 terfeiters in the United States. 
 
 "I loved chemistry from the time I was 
 j a boy," said Wilson from his cell. "That 
 I was really my downfall. I was left alone in 
 I the world when I was seven and I sold pa- 
 j pers for years. I do not know why chem- 
 
 istry had such a fascination, but when I 
 was still in knee breeches and earning a 
 few pennies a day I saved until I could buy 
 second-hand books on the science. I studied 
 at every possible moment, and although 
 my English is not the best in the world, and 
 I may misspell many words, I am famil- 
 iar with the majority of chemical formulas 
 and I can spell any chemical symbol, drug, 
 instrument or process, Latin, Greek or 
 German. 
 
 "I longed for a laboratory of my own. 
 I wanted enough money to enable me to 
 give up my life to chemical research. To 
 achieve this I wanted a trade and engrav- 
 ing seemed to open the doors to a good sal- 
 ary, as well as allow me to come in contact 
 with chemicals. I got a position after I 
 had taught myself the rudiments of the 
 trade and discovered I had a talent for 
 drawing. But the salary I received did not 
 seem to be enough to allow me to obtain 
 the realization of the dreams for many 
 years. 
 
 "One day I picked up a magazine and 
 there was a story by Detective Burns on 
 counterfeiting. I read it and then read 
 several following stories. The idea came to 
 me slowly, bit by bit, that here was a way 
 whereby I could obtain enough to buy a 
 private laboratory. If I could make bills 
 good enough I thought they would continue 
 to circulate and no one would lose. I tried 
 it and I have failed. I am sorry, of course. 
 I am sorry I went wrong from a standard 
 of morals and more sorry from the stand- 
 point of what I might possibly have done 
 for the benefit of the world in chemical re- 
 search. 
 
 "Those unfortunate persons who were 
 convicted because they associated with me 
 must know how badly I feel over their ar- 
 rest. I do not know what they did before 
 they met me, but I feel personally respon- 
 sible for this bit of trouble and I wish I 
 could bear all their sentences. They would 
 never have known the horrors of imprison- 
 ment but for me. In a way they were tools 
 that I used and I do not believe any of 
 them knew just how serious a thing they 
 were getting into. 
 
 "I shall be as good a prisoner as I know 
 
84 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 how, and should I be released before my 
 sentence is completed or should I have to 
 wait all the time, when I get out I am going 
 into chemistry with a determination to 
 give to the world more than I robbed it of." 
 
 MURDER TRIAL 
 
 New York Sun 
 
 Jack Rose's jester and the playboy of the 
 Rosenthal murder, Sam Schepps, testified 
 for six hours and a quarter yesterday in the 
 trial of Lieut. Becker, and exhibited the 
 qualities that made him the joy of the 
 gamblers in their lighter hours. 
 
 Murder trials are not supposed to be 
 humorous affairs and Justices bend se- 
 vere glances upon flippant witnesses, but 
 Schepps somehow dissipated the gravity 
 of the proceedings and lightened the black 
 tale of crime. Even the austere Judge per- 
 mitted his eyes to twinkle and some of the 
 jurors laughed outright. 
 
 Schepps was so pleased with himself, so 
 proud of his skill in coping with. John F. 
 McIntjTe, his inquisitor, so naive in his 
 appeals to Justice Goff, so pugnacious and 
 alert that his listeners were in smiles most 
 of the time. He took it for granted that the 
 court appreciated him at his own valua- 
 tion, and Justice Goff seemed to regard 
 him as an extraordinary specimen of an- 
 other world, one that must not be banged 
 about by counsel for fear of the total loss 
 of a curiosity worth studying. 
 
 But the amusing characteristics of the 
 State's principal corroborative witness by 
 no means lessened the effect of the testi- 
 mony he gave against Lieut. Becker. Re- 
 sisting every device of Mr. IVIcIntjTe to 
 trap him into admitting he was an accom- 
 phce with Rose, Webber and Vallon, and 
 insisting that he was kept in the dark and 
 used only as an errand boy by Rose and 
 Webber, Schepps swore that the night 
 after the murder he talked with Becker in 
 Becker's house and that Becker sent this 
 message to Rose: 
 
 "Don't mind anything. I'U fix it all 
 right. They have to prove who killed Ros- 
 enthal before they can convict any one." 
 
 And Schepps added that Becker, in the 
 darkened dining room of the apartment, 
 wouldn't let him smoke and said: 
 
 "Don't light that match. Somebody 
 is across the street and if the}^ see a light 
 they will suspect something. They have 
 been traUing me all day." 
 
 Schepps was an exasperating witness to 
 Mr. Mclntyre. He had the dimmest of 
 memories for times and dates, but he had 
 an extraordinary^ faculty for recalling pre- 
 vious statements, and he frequently cor- 
 rected the lawyer. Mr. Mclntyre resorted 
 to the traditional methods of hectoring 
 and storming and fist shaking, but Schepps 
 hectored and stormed and gestured back 
 at him. Once he called Mr. McIntjTe a 
 har for saying he had paid the gunmen, and 
 while Mr. McIntjTe was fuming before 
 the jury and shouting that Schepps was 
 "a thing," "a creature," the witness was 
 suavely and deferentially apologizing to 
 the court for "language that a gentleman 
 ought not to use." 
 
 Lieut. Becker's chief counsel concentrated 
 his efforts to make Schepps say something 
 that would indicate that he knew Rosen- 
 thal was to be murdered and that he was 
 one of the conspirators. It was an attack 
 of the utmost importance to the defence. 
 A good deal of Becker's money had been 
 spent in an excursion to Hot Springs, made 
 for the purpose of sho-wdng that Schepps 
 had incriminated himself while there and 
 had exculpated Becker. 
 
 La^N^^er Hart, who was w^ith Rose the 
 night Schepps was with Becker, cross-ex- 
 amined Schepps about his conversations 
 with Hot Springs people and faUed abso- 
 lutely to establish contradiction. McIntjTe 
 had tried his hand at this work previously, 
 and had raged when Schepps volunteered 
 the statement that one of the principal Hot 
 Springs witnesses for the defence had been 
 a pickpocket in New York for twenty years. 
 
 Mr. Mclntyre and Mr. Hart gave up the 
 cross-examination late in the evening, ap- 
 parently running out of ammunition. Mr. 
 Mclntyre insisted plaintively that he was 
 wearied, totally exhausted, unable to con- 
 tinue, which drew from Justice Goff, who 
 has a very dry humor, the comment: 
 
CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS 
 
 85 
 
 " Tut, tut, Mr. Mclntyre. You talk of 
 being exhausted. I am upward of 70 years 
 old." 
 
 Schepps was the only witness yesterday. 
 It had been the purpose of the prosecution 
 to call Mrs. Herman Rosenthal, but there 
 was no time left for the long examination 
 that would be necessary and Justice Goff 
 rather reluctantly consented to adjourn- 
 ment. The wndow of the murdered gambler 
 will be the first witness to-day. 
 
 When Schepps appeared from the witness 
 room at 10:30 A. M. all eyes were turned 
 in his direction. From the first he has been 
 one of the most interesting characters of 
 this case. His childlike vanity, his delight 
 at posing as an oracle among the rudely 
 informed men and women of the under- 
 world, his reputation for impudence and 
 wit, his adventures dodging detectives in 
 the Catskills and his sojourn among ad- 
 miring citizens in Hot Springs had given 
 him a kind of reputation second only to 
 that of Rose. 
 
 He was nervous at first. His sharp eyes 
 squinted behind his nose glasses and his 
 glances darted sidewise. He twisted his 
 fingers together and tried to cross his legs, 
 a proceeding frowned upon by the court 
 officer who stands at the witness chair. 
 
 He wore a blue suit, a black four-in-hand 
 tie and black low shoes, and he carefully 
 drew up his sharply pressed trousers so 
 that his white silk socks would be ex- 
 posed. 
 
 As the day went on he lost much of his 
 nervousness and controlled his tendency to 
 flippancy, but he became more and more 
 pugnacious and more and more determined 
 that counsel for the defence should not get 
 the better of him. 
 
 Assistant District Attorney Frank Moss 
 conducted the direct examination. The 
 testimony was: 
 
 Q. Where do you live? A. Hot Springs, 
 Arkansas. 
 
 Q. What is your business? A. Portrait 
 enlarger. 
 
 Q. Do you know Jack Rose? A. Yes; I 
 have known him for fifteen or eighteen 
 years. 
 
 Q. Did you ever meet the defendant 
 
 Becker? If so, where? A. At the Lafayette 
 baths. 
 
 Q. Ever again? A. Yes, at the Sam Paul 
 raid. 
 
 Q. Did you ever carry to him a message 
 from Jack Rose? A. Yes. 
 
 Q. What was it? A. That Rose would 
 meet him at the Union Square Hotel. 
 
 Q. Were you at Dora Gilbert's house on 
 July 15? A. Yes. 
 
 Q. What were you doing there? A. I 
 was asked to go there by Rose to get an 
 affidavit for Becker. 
 
 Then he said that, after leaving Dora 
 Gilbert's, he drove with his friends to 
 Sharkey's, where the gray car was called 
 by telephone. 
 
 Q. Who drove it? A. WiUiam Shapiro. 
 
 Q. Who got into that car? A. Vallon, 
 Rose and myself. 
 
 Q. What did you do then? A. We went 
 up to Seventh avenue and 145th street. 
 
 Q. What did you do next? A. I stepped 
 out and pressed the bell of Baker and 
 Harris's apartment. Dago Frank put his 
 head out of the window and we called 
 him out. He got into the machine and 
 we went to Forty-second street and Sixth 
 avenue. 
 
 Q. Who did you find there? A. Sam 
 Paul, Leftie Louie, Whitey Lewis and Gyp 
 the Blood. Webber excused himself and 
 said he would be back shortly. 
 
 Q. Did he return? A. Yes; he said Ros- 
 enthal was at the Metropole. 
 
 Q. What was done then? A. They left 
 the room. 
 
 Q. Who left? A. Gyp, Lefty Louie, 
 Whitey Lewis and Dago Frank. 
 
 Q. What did you do? A. I stayed in the 
 room. 
 
 Q. How long? A. About fifteen min- 
 utes. 
 
 Q. In what direction did you then go? 
 A. I went into the Times Square drug store 
 and purchased a soda. A short time after 
 I got there I heard four shots. 
 
 Q. What did you do? A. I ran in the 
 direction of the shots. 
 
 Q. Did you see Lieut. Becker that 
 night? A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. Where? A. He was riding in an auto 
 
86 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 with a chauffeur at Sixth avenue and Forty- 
 sixth street at 1:30 o'clock A. M. 
 
 Q. When you ran to the scene of the 
 murder, on what side of the street were 
 you? A. On the south side. 
 
 Q. Did you meet any one that you 
 knew? A. I met Harry Vallon at the Elks 
 Club. A great crowd had gathered and the 
 body was lying in the street. 
 
 Q. What did you and Harry Vallon do 
 then? A. We went to Fourteenth street, 
 to the house where he lived, and stayed 
 there until 6 o'clock the next morning, 
 when we went to a house at 145th street 
 and Seventh avenue. 
 
 Q. What was it that awoke you? A. 
 The entrance of Jack Rose. 
 
 Q. After Rose spoke to you and you 
 went to 145th street and Seventh avenue, 
 did you see any one? A. Yes, we saw Lefty 
 Louie, Whitey Lewis, Dago Frank and 
 Gyp. 
 
 Q. Did you say anything to them? A. 
 They wanted to know when I would bring 
 them the money. I made an appointment 
 to meet them at Fiftieth street and Eighth 
 avenue. 
 
 Q. Where did you see them? A. At 
 Fiftieth street and Eighth avenue. 
 
 Q. Prior to that time had you seen 
 Webber? A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. Did you receive any money from him? 
 A. No, sir. 
 
 Q. Did you see anything passed by 
 Webber to any one else? A. I saw Webber 
 pass money to Jack Rose. 
 
 Q. Was that money presented to the 
 gunmen at Fiftieth street and Eighth 
 avenue? A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. Who had it? A. Jack Rose. 
 
 Q. What did he do? A. He passed it to 
 Lefty Louie. 
 
 Q. Did you go away then? A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Did Lefty Louie? A. Yes, and took 
 the money with him. 
 
 Q. What did you and Rose do? A. We 
 went to the home of Harry Pollok on River- 
 side Drive. 
 
 Q. How long did you stay there? A. I 
 stayed for dinner. 
 
 Q. Then where did you go? A. To the 
 Lafayette Baths. 
 
 Q. The next morning, what did you do? 
 A. I went to Pollok's and remained about 
 four hours. I then went downtown and 
 later returned to Pollok's. I stayed imtil 
 about 10:30. 
 
 Q. Where did you go next? A. I went 
 to Lieut. Becker's apartment. 
 
 Q. Did you see Becker? A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Where was that? A. At the Belle- 
 claire apartments. 
 
 Q. How did you happen to go there? A. 
 Jack Rose sent me. 
 
 Q. Repeat the conversation you had 
 with Becker. A. I told Becker that Jack 
 Rose was sick and worried, and that he sent 
 me to him to see what he was going to do. 
 Becker said Rose was not to worry. He 
 said: "Don't mind anything. I'll fix it all 
 right. They have to prove who killed 
 Rosenthal before they can convict any 
 one." 
 
 Q. What then? A. Then I left. As I 
 was about to leave I pulled out a cigarette 
 and started to light it. Becker said, " Don't 
 light that match; somebody is across the 
 street and if they see a light they will sus- 
 pect something. They have been trailing 
 me all day." 
 
 Q. Was the apartment lighted or dark? 
 A. It was dark. 
 
 Q. Did Becker say anything else? A. 
 Yes. He asked me if the gunmen had been 
 paid and I told him that they had. Then I 
 left. 
 
 Q. Then what did you do? A. I went 
 back to Pollok's. 
 
 Q. Did any one arrive while you were at 
 Pollok's? A. No; somebody was there be- 
 fore I got there. 
 
 Q. Who was that? A. Mr. Hart. 
 
 Q. Who do you mean? A. Attorney 
 John Hart, who is sitting there. 
 
 The witness nodded toward John W. 
 Hart, who has been Becker's lawj'er since 
 before the murder of Rosenthal. 
 
 Mr. Moss had no further .questions to 
 put to the witness and the direct examina- 
 tion ended at 11 : 02 A. M., having occupied 
 only twenty-seven minutes. 
 [The report of the cross-examination and other 
 details of the day's proceedings in the trial fol- 
 lowed under separate heads.] 
 
CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS 
 
 87 
 
 GRAND LARCENY CASE 
 
 Duluth Herald 
 
 Commercializing his remarkable faculty 
 for imitating a paralytic has proven to be 
 the downfall of Charles F. Koch, 45, the 
 black sheep of a respectable German famUy 
 residing at Rosedale, Iowa. And because 
 his game of faking injuries and collecting 
 large sums from railroad companies and 
 other corporations has been detected and 
 exposed, Koch must look forward to serv- 
 ing a term of years in the Minnesota state 
 penitentiary 
 
 It took a jury just nine minutes in Judge 
 Fesler's division of the district court yes- 
 terday to find Koch guUty of the crime of 
 grand larceny in the second degree under 
 an indictment which charged him with 
 having defrauded the Duluth & Iron Range 
 Railroad company out of $1,000 on a fake 
 personal injury. The jury retired at 3:36 
 o'clock and returned with a finding of 
 guilty at 3:45 o'clock. 
 
 The same blank, fixed expression which 
 has characterized Koch since his trial began 
 did not change one iota when the verdict of 
 guilty was read in his presence. He main- 
 tained the same expressionless attitude of 
 indifference as to what was going on about 
 him and seemed to be unconcerned as to 
 whether he would be acquitted or not. The 
 crime of which he stands convicted is pun- 
 ishable by imprisonment in the state peni- 
 tentiary from one to ten years. 
 
 On Oct. 14, 1914, Koch was a passen- 
 ger on No. 61, of the Duluth & Iron Range, 
 a mixed train leaving Duluth at 11:30 
 p. m. On arriving at Two Harbors at 
 12:45 a. m., he left the coach and as he did 
 so, according to his claim, his raincoat, 
 which he carried on his arm, caught on an 
 angle cock or brake staff and he was thrown 
 to the depot platform and suffered an injury 
 to his back. As a result, he claimed, his 
 lower limbs, bowels and bladder were par- 
 alyzed. Examination by surgeons seemed 
 to indicate that he was permanently dis- 
 abled, and on Dec. 7, the company set- 
 tled with him for $1,000 for his alleged 
 injuries. Koch, who had been moving 
 with great difficulty on crutches, immedi- 
 
 ately left the city and at once discarded 
 his crutches. 
 
 The railroad authorities secured a war- 
 rant for his arrest and after detectives had 
 chased him through several cities of the 
 Middle West, he was arrested at Tonopah, 
 Nev. He was brought to Duluth under an 
 extradition process and stood trial on the 
 charge. During the course of his trial much 
 of his past history, and a more or less un- 
 broken story of his operations, were brought 
 to the light of day. 
 
 Koch was born forty-five years ago in 
 Germany and emigrated to this country 
 when a boy of 15, settling at Rosedale, 
 Iowa. He married when a young man, but, 
 after his wife had lived with him ten 
 years, she secured a divorce from him on 
 the grounds that he had been convicted of 
 a crime and committed to the Iowa state 
 penitentiary. This was in 1903. She re- 
 married. Koch's parents are old and re- 
 spected residents of Rosedale. 
 
 In 1903 Koch joined the army, enlisting 
 in the state of Washington. Two months 
 later, however, he was discharged on ac- 
 count of "chronic anaemia and debility." 
 In 1906 he claimed that he had been injured 
 while working at Missoula for the Northern 
 Pacific, brought suit for $50,000 and re- 
 covered $5,000 in the lower court. The 
 case dragged on six years in the Montana 
 courts and judgment was finally reversed in 
 January, 1912. A portion of the time Koch 
 spent on a poor farm, supposedly a down- 
 and-out cripple, forced into the almshouse 
 by the law's delay. He went by the name 
 of C. F. Post. 
 
 In July, 1911, at Portland, Or., posing 
 as C. F. Pantle, he secured from the Port- 
 land Light & Power company a sum of 
 money on a fake injury. On Feb. 16, 1912, 
 at Breckenridge, Minn., under the alias of 
 C. F. Jones, he secured $4,500 from the 
 Great Northern Railway company for in- 
 juries claimed to have been sustained in 
 falling from a passenger coach step. On 
 Aug. 12 of the same year, as Clarence F, 
 Main, he again tried to work this game, 
 but unfortunately ran up against the same 
 claim agent at Great Falls, Mont., who 
 recognized him as an impostor and had 
 
88 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 him arrested. He served four months in 
 the Montana penitentiary. 
 
 On Feb. 28, 1914, at Hampton, Iowa, 
 he claimed that he was injm-ed while ahght- 
 ing from a train, and on May 9, 1914, col- 
 lected $600 from the Minneapolis and St. 
 Paul Railway company. On July 23, 1914, 
 while crossing a railroad crossing at Grand 
 Rapids, Mich., he was injured, he claimed, 
 and he later extracted $1,600 from the 
 Grand Rapids & Indiana RaUroad com- 
 pany. His latest offense was the affair of 
 the Duluth & Iron Range Railroad com- 
 pany. 
 
 Koch will be brought before Judge 
 Fesler later for sentence. Those who are 
 famHiar with Koch's liistory declare that 
 whiskey brought about his ruin and that 
 as soon as he made a good haul while oper- 
 ating his game he would spend it all for 
 liquor. 
 
 SUPREME COURT DECISION 
 
 Brooklyn Eagle 
 
 That an employer is not responsible for 
 the acts of his servant that cause damage 
 to another when those acts are not com- 
 mitted in furtherance of the master's busi- 
 ness, was the decision of the Appellate 
 Division of the Supreme Coiu-t, First Di- 
 vision, when it reversed a case which the 
 lower court had decided against a Manhat- 
 tan department store. The reversal in 
 favor of the department store was given by 
 the com"t on an appeal taken by the at- 
 torney, Abraham Oberstein, of 299 Broad- 
 way, Manhattan. 
 
 This case is of considerable importance 
 to employers, for the reason that their em- 
 ployes often get into altercations with em- 
 ployes of other concerns, damages some- 
 times ensue, and then the question arises 
 whether the employer is responsible for the 
 acts of his servant. As the justices of the 
 Appellate Division view the question, the 
 issue is not whether an inflicter of damages 
 was ia the employ of a certain firm, but 
 whether he was promoting the firm's in- 
 terest in inflicting the damages. If he 
 
 was, then the master is responsible, pro- 
 viding it was within the scope of the 
 employe's duties, and if it was not, then 
 the master is not responsible, no matter 
 how grievous or serious the injury inflicted 
 may be. 
 
 Adolph Miller, through his guardian, in- 
 stituted suit for assault against Attorney 
 Oberstein's client. Miller was a driver in 
 the employ of another concern, and was 
 about to deliver goods at the store when 
 one of the latter's drivers asked for the 
 berth Miller was entitled to. Miller re- 
 fused. The other driver, he alleges, as- 
 saulted him. Then he directed suit against 
 the department store concern, under the 
 employers' liability act. The lower covu-t 
 decided for Miller, but Lawyer Oberstein 
 appealed and the Appellate Division re- 
 versed the decision, saying that Miller's 
 suit should have been dismissed. 
 
 The opinion, written by Presiding Jus- 
 tice Gildersleeve and concurred in by Jus- 
 tice McLean, says: 
 
 "The test of liabiUty in such cases de- 
 pends upon the question whether the in- 
 jury was committed by the authority of 
 the master, expressly conferred, or fairly 
 inferable from the nature of the employ- 
 ment and the duties incident thereto. The 
 mere statement of this rule answers the 
 question in favor of the defendant in this 
 case. The act of the driver was a wilful and 
 malicious act. It was not done in further- 
 ance of his master's business and was in no 
 way connected with or incident to the per- 
 formance of any of the duties intrusted to 
 him as a driver, or which could be con- 
 sidered as promoting the defendant's in- 
 terests. The rule as stated in Gervin vs. 
 N. Y. Central R. R. Co., 166 N. Y. 289, is 
 as follows : ' If a servant goes outside of his 
 employment and, without regard to his 
 service, acting maliciously or in order to 
 effect some purpose of his own, wantonly 
 commits a trespass or causes damage to 
 another, the master is not responsible.' 
 The plaintiff faUed to prove any liability 
 on the part of the defendant and the de- 
 fendant's motion to dismiss the com- 
 plaint should have been granted." 
 
CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS 
 
 89 
 
 SUPREME COURT DECISION 
 
 Duluth Herald 
 
 Eighteen months have elapsed since 
 little Florence Lemoine, a pretty, dark- 
 eyed dancer of 18 years, fell from a side- 
 walk on West Fourth street and sustained 
 an injury to her back and spine which has 
 left her a helpless and lifelong paralytic. 
 Unconscious of her true condition and 
 hopeful of the future, the once popular 
 little vaudeville performer lies on her cot 
 at her father's ranch near Moscow, Idaho, 
 planning theater engagements she will 
 never fill and dreaming of new gowns and 
 dances. 
 
 Yesterday the Minnesota supreme 
 court handed down a decision which 
 affirms the judgment of the district court 
 of this city where, a few months ago, a 
 $5,000 verdict was obtained against the 
 city of Duluth in her favor. A jury last 
 April awarded her damages in that amount, 
 but the city asked for judgment notwith- 
 standing the verdict. Judge Kesler denied 
 the motion and an appeal was taken by 
 the city to the supreme court, the muni- 
 cipality denying its liability. The higher 
 tribunal held that the city was liable. 
 
 On Aug. 17, 1913, Florence stepped off 
 a sidewalk on the lower side of West 
 Fourth street between Lake and First 
 avenues west. The accident occurred dur- 
 ing the evening while Mrs. Jane Lemoine 
 was escorting her two daughters, Florence 
 and 15-year-old Grace, to the Happy 
 Hour theater, where they were filling an 
 engagement. The sidewalk at this point 
 is elevated several inches above the abut- 
 ting property and at the time of the acci- 
 dent was unprotected by a rail. 
 
 Florence slipped and fell on her back. 
 Her injuries at first were believed to be of 
 a slight nature. Later surgeons pronounced 
 her suffering from spinal trouble and paraly- 
 sis of the lower limbs. She was taken to her 
 room at the Frederick hotel, where the 
 Lemoines were stopping, and there re- 
 mained until after the trial of the suit 
 against the city last April. The Lemoines 
 left for Moscow, Idaho, about six months 
 ago. Denny & Denny, attorneys for Fred- 
 
 erick Lemoine, the girl's father, who 
 brought suit on behalf of his injured 
 daughter, recently received word that 
 the girl's condition was not much im- 
 proved. She is still in bed. Since her acci- 
 dent Florence has been of a cheerful frame 
 of mind, probably because her true con- 
 dition has been carefully withheld from 
 her. 
 
 At the time of the accident, the two 
 girls were appearing in a singing and danc- 
 ing act at the local theater. Both are 
 talented in their line and their appearance 
 in Duluth was during their second season 
 on the stage. 
 
 The Lemoines, up to five years ago, 
 lived in Baltimore. The two girls appeared 
 in a number of amateur theatrical per- 
 formances in that city and there received 
 their training for professional work. In 
 1910 their father, who was then suffering 
 from a nervous breakdown, moved West, 
 taking his family with him. 
 
 After the Lemoines had settled in the 
 West, the children became much in de- 
 mand at church socials and amateur 
 theatricals on account of their talent along 
 that line. Later, the girls were offered a 
 vaudeville engagement with a song and 
 dance act. At first the mother refused to 
 allow her daughters to go on the stage, 
 but after a flattering salary had been of- 
 fered, she finally consented. She accom- 
 panied them on their tour as chaperone. 
 The season was about half over when 
 Florence met with her accident. The 
 father remained on the ranch in Idaho be- 
 cause of his poor health. 
 
 During the trial of the case last April, 
 Florence was brought into the courtroom 
 on two occasions, both times on her cot. 
 She nervously twitched at her bedclothes 
 and at her jewelry while she told the story 
 of the affair as she remembered it. She told 
 the jury that she was spending most of her 
 time now drawing sketches and that until 
 she got well enough to get back to the stage 
 she expected to devote her time to art. 
 
 The two girls were earning from $75 
 to $140 a week with their act, according 
 to testimony which was adduced at the 
 trial. 
 
90 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 UNITED STATES SUPREME 
 COURT DECISION 
 
 San Francisco Chronide 
 
 The Supreme Court of the United 
 States has decided in the case of Mrs. 
 Ethel Coope Mackenzie of San Francisco 
 that the federal expatriation law of 1907 
 is constitutionally applicable to women 
 that continue to live in this country after 
 marrying foreigners as well as to those that 
 marry foreigners and live abroad. 
 
 The ruling settles finally a test case that 
 has become internationally famous in suf- 
 frage circles. In effect, it is much more 
 sweeping than the bare recorded fact would 
 indicate, including in its wide range a host 
 of women, in and out of states where they 
 have the vote, who are married to men not 
 citizens of the United States. 
 
 It means, applied locally, simply this: 
 A woman born in California, herself a 
 citizen of the United States with the right 
 to vote, automatically relinquishes her 
 citizenship and that right the moment she 
 becomes the wife of a foreigner, whether 
 the foreigner is a resident or not. 
 
 Mrs. Mackenzie, who brought the test 
 case, is the wife of Gordon Mackenzie, 
 known on the concert platform as Mac- 
 kenzie Gordon, the Scotch tenor. Her hus- 
 band, who is a nephew of the late Sir 
 Morell Mackenzie, a famous English sur- 
 geon, has been a resident of San Francisco 
 for the last twelve years. He has lived in 
 this country for more than twenty years. 
 She was herself born in California, the 
 daughter of J. F. Coope of Santa Cruz, 
 a well knowTi California pioneer. But the 
 fact that her husband, born a British sub- 
 ject, has never taken out citizenship 
 papers in this country, makes Mrs. Mac- 
 kenzie, by the ruling of the supreme court, 
 an alien in the eyes of the law of the United 
 States. 
 
 A curious feature of the unusual case 
 is that Mrs. Mackenzie was one of the 
 most ardent of the workers for suffrage 
 during the campaign which resulted in the 
 women being given the vote in California. 
 
 The ruling affects also, in sweeping 
 fashion, a large number of other women 
 
 socially prominent in San Francisco. It 
 includes Baroness Van Eck, who was Miss 
 Agnes TUlman and who is still a resident 
 of this state; Baroness Von Brincken, for- 
 merly Miss Milo Abercombie, also living 
 here; Countess Von Falkenstein, who was 
 Miss Azalea P. Keyes; Mrs. John Hubert 
 Ward, who was Miss Jean Reid, and a great 
 number of others. 
 
 Mrs. Mackenzie, who, since her mar- 
 riage to the famous tenor in August, 1909, 
 has been living at 2832 Jackson Street, 
 was among the first to appear at the polls 
 after the state had enfranchised its femi- 
 nine population. She was refused the priv- 
 ilege of voting. The California courts, in 
 which the case was instituted, decided 
 against her. Now the ruling of the highest 
 tribunal in the country upholds the lower 
 courts. 
 
 "It was something of a shock," she 
 said, "to learn that after two years of 
 hard work to bring suffrage to California 
 I could not enjoy the right I had helped to 
 give other women. Investigation showed, 
 of course, that I could gain my citizenship 
 and my right to vote, and also retain my 
 husband, by his application for naturaliza- 
 tion papers, but I did not wish to accept 
 citizenship on those terms, and so I brought 
 a test case. 
 
 "My husband kindly delayed his citi- 
 zenship until my case might be presented 
 in the courts. Now that it is decided, he 
 will become a citizen. This means that I 
 shall be received back into the fold, but 
 only because I am his wife." 
 
 Concerning the effect of her test case, 
 Mrs. Mackenzie stated that she had just 
 heard that a Mackenzie Club had been 
 organized in Oregon, for the purpose of 
 "looking into the matter." 
 
 OPINION OF ATTORNEY GENERAL 
 
 Wisconsin State Journal 
 
 Excess fare cannot be charged of pas- 
 sengers on the railroads of Wisconsin when 
 tickets are purchased on the trains, unless 
 provision is made to refund the amount of 
 overcharge. 
 
CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS 
 
 91 
 
 This is the effect of an opinion rendered 
 by Attorney General F. L. Gilbert today. 
 Prior to the passage of the two-cent fare 
 law the Northwestern and St. Paul roads 
 charged 10 cents in addition to the regular 
 fare when the fare was paid on trains. 
 This practice was temporarily discon- 
 tinued when the two-cent fare law was 
 passed, because of the heavy penalty pro- 
 vided for violations. An attempt has been 
 made to find out if the railroad commis- 
 sion would not permit this additional fee 
 being charged. An opinion was asked of 
 the attorney general. He said: 
 
 "It seems to me that the plain spirit, 
 intent and purpose of the law in question 
 was to establish a maximum passenger rate 
 beyond which common carriers could not, 
 in any event, go and retain the excess as 
 their absolute property. 
 
 "I am therefore of the opinion that such 
 excess fare cannot be legally collected from 
 a passenger unless provision is made for 
 refund, or an act of the legislature is passed 
 allowing the collection and retention of said 
 excess as a penalty for failure to purchase 
 a ticket at a point where facilities are pro- 
 vided." 
 
 About two weeks ago, Lloyd W. Bow- 
 ers, general counsel for the Northwestern 
 and Burton Hanson, general solicitor for 
 the St. Paul, brought this matter before the 
 commission. During the course of a con- 
 ference, the railroads claimed that the old 
 law allowing an excess fare to be charged 
 had not been abrogated. The attorney 
 general held differently. 
 
 INSANITY CASE 
 Chicago Herald 
 
 Baptiste Bardoli is on his way. 
 
 Over in Italy, on a big estate at Lenno, 
 near the shores of Lake Como, Baptiste's 
 aged father is waiting to see him — that 
 is, he was waiting to see him when 
 Baptiste last heard, about three months 
 ago. 
 
 Baptiste was on his way to Italy last 
 June when he left his home in Oakland, 
 Cal., provided with some $200 in cash, 
 
 long green tickets for the train and small 
 red tickets for the boat — clear to Italy. 
 
 Baptiste also took with him two large 
 bottles of Zinfandel. The bottles were 
 wrapped in twisted straw, through which 
 the red wine could be seen sparkling in- 
 side the green glass. 
 
 The traveler arrived in Chicago with- 
 out the bottles but with the contents. 
 Policemen met Baptiste at the railroad 
 station. They stopped him from biting 
 the iron fence of the train shed. They 
 took him to the Harrison street police 
 station. 
 
 A man wearing a white coat came in 
 and looked at Baptiste. The man took a 
 yellow sheet of paper and wrote as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 "June 30, 1914. — I have examined Bap- 
 tiste Bardoli and believe him to be insane 
 and recommend his commitment to an in- 
 stitution. He is on his way from Oakland, 
 Cal., to Italy and arrived in Chicago on the 
 Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway 
 Company. Respectfully, 
 
 Alfred Lerot, M. D., 
 Assistant City Physician." 
 
 Baptiste was taken to the detention 
 home. On July 2 a jury composed of one 
 physician heard testimony concerning 
 Baptiste's actions and returned a verdict 
 to the effect that Baptiste was insane — 
 that he had "alcoholic hallucinosis" — 
 that he manifested suicidal and homicidal 
 tendencies and had about $96 on his per- 
 son. 
 
 County Judge John E. Owens appointed 
 Walter F. Sommers, an attorney, conserva- 
 tor for the money, and turned Baptiste 
 over to the Chicago State Hospital for the 
 Insane at Dunning. 
 
 Baptiste " came to " on July 4 and called 
 for his trousers. He was denied. He pro- 
 tested his sanity. He admitted his tem- 
 porary inebriety, but swore that he had no 
 more bottles of green glass wrapped in 
 straw. It was no use. 
 
 Baptiste wrote letters to the Italian 
 consul. He implored the doctors and pic- 
 tured for them the father who was waiting 
 to see him on the shores of Lake Como. 
 About a month ago he convinced the Dun- 
 
92 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 ning authorities of his sanity, and they 
 began to arrange for his release. 
 
 Investigators at the office of the Italian 
 consul declared that they tried to get Con- 
 servator Sommers to turn over some 
 money to Baptiste, so that he could be re- 
 leased. They say Attorney Sommers re- 
 plied that under the Illinois law he had 
 been appointed for a year, and as far as 
 the court records showed, Baptiste was 
 still insane. Moreover, it was vacation 
 time, and there was no session of the Pro- 
 bate Court. 
 
 Yesterday Judge Owens entered an 
 order restoring Baptiste to his civilian 
 rights. Probate Judge Gregg ordered the 
 restoration of the funds held by the con- 
 servator. The funds were restored. He 
 was freed from the asyliun. 
 
 In Illinois the records, however, will 
 show until a year has passed that Bap- 
 tiste is insane and that he can only con- 
 duct business legally through his conserva- 
 tor, who can't be removed for a year. 
 
 But Baptiste is happy — he's on his way 
 to Italy. 
 
 PROPOSED LAW SUIT 
 
 New York Sun 
 
 For why should the Kaminoka Stru- 
 molova Sick and Benevolent Association 
 pay out money for burying a man who is 
 not yet dead? For why that hearse, $8; 
 that headstone, $35; those two funeral 
 coaches for $11 when Leon Welfish, the 
 dear dead one, is alive already and in his 
 OAvn towm of Kaminoka, Galicia? 
 
 Not for often will the Kaminoka Stru- 
 molova Sick and Benevolent Association 
 make such a fool of itself and those money 
 spendings for the hearse, the headstone, 
 the funeral coaches and all the rest mak- 
 ing of Two Hu-u-ndred dollars! — to the 
 court here by a lawyer the Kaminoka 
 Strumolova is going for recovering. To 
 the court by Lawyer William Schneider 
 the Kaminoka Strumolova is going and 
 make for getting back all that money be- 
 cause Leon Welfish did not have the use 
 of it, being not at all dead and buried. 
 
 Aye-yah; it is all right enough for the 
 hospital people in the place at Central 
 Islip to say that there was mistaking in 
 sending Leon Welfish to be buried by the 
 Kaminoka Strumolova when it was not 
 Leon at all who had died, but some one 
 else. It's all right to say these things, 
 but that does not pay back the monej's 
 for such a comfortable funeral that some 
 one else enjoyed. Oh no. The State of 
 New York by the courts will have to pay 
 back those moneys for those mistakes. It 
 is to the Court of Claims in Washington 
 that the lawj'er is going to make the State 
 to pay up these losses by the Kaminoka 
 Strumolova. 
 
 Listen. 
 
 Came to this coimtry from Kaminoka, 
 which is in Galicia, which is of Austria, 
 Leon Welfish, a yoimg man who did not 
 have great strength but who was honest 
 and who would never try to cheat anybody. 
 Came Leon Welfish by New York and he 
 worked as tailor until one night when he 
 didn't work, but fell do\sTi on the side- 
 walk by Lewis street and they takes him to 
 Bellevue. They looks at him for three 
 days — observations, they calls it — and 
 then they sends him to the State hospital 
 for poor insane ones at Central Islip. Leon 
 goes and everybody is sorry that he is one 
 of the poor insane ones. 
 
 But then, before Leon Welfish is by the 
 hospital very long, comes the immigra- 
 tioners from Ellis Island and they say 
 Leon Welfish is vmfit for being in this 
 country and never should have come by 
 New York. Back he goes to Kaminoka, 
 Galicia; so say these immigrationers. 
 
 Everj'body believes that Leon Welfish 
 must go back to Kaminoka, and his friends 
 by Rivington street are mourning that 
 such a good boy goes home. Then one 
 day — it was the 5th day of August, two 
 years ago — comes to one of Leon Wel- 
 fish's friends by Rivington street this mes- 
 sage from the hospital : 
 
 "Leon Welfish is dead. Pleurisy makes 
 it. Shall we bury him or do his friends 
 make the buryings?" 
 
 Of course it is to be that the Kaminoka 
 Strumolova, which is the society belonging 
 
CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS 
 
 93 
 
 to Leon Welfish, shall make the buryings. 
 Leon was a member standing good and 
 every member has for his money a good 
 burial or good doctors when in sickness. 
 So says the Kaminoka Strumolova, "We 
 make the buryings." 
 
 They makes. It costs all the $8 for 
 hearse, $35 for headstones and the rest of 
 those $200 which belongs to Leon Welfish 
 for being a dead member of the Kami- 
 noka Strumolova. Nobody sees Leon Wel- 
 fish before the buryings, for the hospital 
 people sends it so no one sees. All of the 
 society makes of itselves assessments for 
 paying the funeral and three members of 
 committee wear white gloves and rides in 
 those for $11 hacks to Mount Zion Ceme- 
 tery. 
 
 Leon Welfish's papa and mamma, which 
 are by Kaminoka yet, gets a letter from 
 the Kaminoka Strumolova which says Leon 
 is dead and has a good buryings for $200 
 — a very good buryings — and very sorry 
 to have to say these sad tidings. Then 
 Leon Welfish's papa and mamma make 
 mournings by their dead son, and all of his 
 friends by Kaminoka make mournings. 
 
 Comes to Kaminoka then one very dark 
 and rainy night Leon Welfish, who was 
 sent home by the immigrationers. Comes 
 Leon and knocks at the door of his papa 
 and mamma's house. 
 
 "Hello, my papa; hello, my mamma!" 
 says Leon when they opens the door, and 
 Leon's papa calls for police and Leon's 
 mamma has a fit on the floor right in front 
 of him. 
 
 After that Leon Welfish and Leon's papa 
 and mamma make a great rage because 
 he was dead and is not really dead. They 
 make writings to the Kaminoka Strumo- 
 lova to know for why was that mistake 
 made. Strumolova makes investigations 
 and now it goes to court by a lawyer. 
 
 SUIT FOR SEPARATION 
 
 New York Telegram 
 
 Alleging that for the sake of her three 
 children she had endured verbal and 
 physical abuse of violent character for 
 
 seventeen years, Mrs. Clara Hansen, of 
 No. 10 Western Parkway, to-day filed 
 suit for separation in the Supreme Court 
 against her husband, Harry L. Hansen, 
 worth a million, and half owner in the 
 Schmidt and Hansen Brewing Company 
 of Newark. Mr. Hansen makes his home 
 at No. 190 East Ninety-ninth street. 
 
 Accompanjang the affidavits of Mrs. 
 Hansen is a deposition from her sixteen- 
 year-old son, Oscar, in which he corrob- 
 orates many of the stories of beatings and 
 other abuses alleged by his mother, and 
 makes the statement that his father's 
 treatment of himself was such that he was 
 glad when his mother established a second 
 home and took the children with her. In 
 addition to Oscar, the Hansens have a 
 daughter, Nellie, thirteen, and another 
 son, Henry, twelve years old. 
 
 Mrs. Hansen was represented in the 
 preliminary court proceedings by Mrs. 
 Harriette M. Johnston- Wood, of the law 
 firm of Wood & Wood, No. 2 Rector 
 street, a well known leader of the suf- 
 fragist movement. 
 
 In the papers filed Mrs. Hansen states 
 that she was married to Harry L. Hansen 
 in this city in 1897 and that they went from 
 New York to Washington to begin their 
 honeymoon trip. Three days after the 
 wedding, she alleges, while they were stiU 
 in Washington, her husband became vio- 
 lently angry and, after choking her, threw 
 her against the furniture in their room. 
 
 Later, at the Grand Hotel, at St. Aug- 
 ustine, Fla., he refused to talk to her, she 
 asserts, and they returned to this city 
 without speaking to each other. Their first 
 home, she says, was established in a house 
 owned by Mr. Hansen, at No. 99 East 
 Eightieth street, and there, she sets forth, 
 he beat her frequently and repeatedly 
 swore at her, and said, "I hate your peace- 
 ful face; I'm tired of it." 
 
 Before Oscar was born, in 1898, she 
 further alleges, her husband accused her of 
 being on friendly terms with the tradesmen 
 who came to the house. After the boy was 
 born he told her that, since he had an heir, 
 he had no further use for her and, opening 
 the front door, said, "This way out." - 
 
94 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 In 1900, she says, while she was in Berlin 
 with her husband, she was compelled to 
 go to a sanitarium, and later, when they 
 were in the Alps, he left her and went to 
 England, where she finally located him. 
 
 To escape his abuse two years later, she 
 went to Philadelphia, and in 1909 she went 
 to Europe with her daughter, returning 
 later at her husband's earnest requests. 
 The final separation, she states, took place 
 in 1911, when she established a separate 
 home for herself and her children. 
 
 In the deposition made by the son Oscar, 
 he states that on several occasions he saw 
 his father beat and abuse his mother. The 
 boy also states that his father had violent 
 fits of temper on an average of once a 
 month and that on one occasion, when he 
 became displeased with the boy, he drew a 
 knife and destroyed the wireless apparatus 
 which the child had spent an entire winter 
 in building. 
 
 Mrs. Hansen asks for $200 a week tem- 
 porary alimony and $25,000 counsel fees. 
 She states that the brewery in which her 
 husband is interested turns out 750,000 
 barrels of beer annually and that he has 
 other sources of income. 
 
 DIVORCE CASE 
 
 Detroit News 
 
 The story of the married life of Dr. 
 Arthur and Mildred S. Smith, from 1900 
 to 1913 reads the same as that of any 
 struggling yoimg physician in a large city. 
 But — 
 
 In 1913 the physician found fortune smil- 
 ing on him and he turned to look at his 
 wife and his gold. She had faded during 
 those years when $1 was made to last 
 longer than $10 would now. 
 
 "I am just in his way now," said Mrs. 
 Smith to Judge Van Zile, while testifying 
 in her suit for divorce. The doctor filed 
 his bill several months ago and she filed a 
 cross-bill. 
 
 A younger girl, with golden hair, red 
 cheeks and lips has come between the 
 doctor and his wife, according to Mrs. 
 Smith. 
 
 "I filled in all right when someone was 
 needed to slave and dig the dirt out of the 
 office floors and dust the furniture," con- 
 tinued the woman. "He didn't have time 
 to look at me then to see whether I looked 
 good to him or not. 
 
 "We worked mechanically, shoulder to 
 shoulder. I played my part and he played 
 his. The business and my husband's bank 
 account would lead anyone to think that 
 it was a success." 
 
 Mrs. Smith, a little woman, her eyes 
 filled with tears, seemed to reflect a mo- 
 ment and then continued: 
 
 "Perhaps it is a success. It seems that 
 success must be measured in dollars and 
 cents no matter who gets the gold. He 
 undoubtedly is happy, but — I — I am a 
 wreck." 
 
 Mrs. Smith said that when her baby 
 was born her husband told her not to stay 
 in the hospital too long as she was needed 
 in the office. She says that she left the 
 hospital in three weeks and the child died 
 at the end of five weeks. 
 
 "It was always so," she continued. "He 
 always wanted me in the oflBce and I was 
 willing to stay. It was only a few years 
 ago that he went abroad, and I remained 
 at home, as we both agreed that it woiild 
 cost too much for us both. Then he took 
 several other equally expensive trips, but 
 he never asked me to go." 
 
 Mrs. Smith said she and her husband had 
 always been active in the Summerfield 
 Methodist church, and that her husband 
 even carried his dislike for her to the 
 church, urging her not to go to any of the 
 meetings, either social or religious. 
 
 "I was active in home missionary work," 
 said Mrs. Smith, "and he told me that it 
 didn't look well for me always to be mixing 
 in with the church affairs. I told him I 
 couldn't conscientiously drop my church 
 work and wouldn't." 
 
 Mrs. Smith declared her husband had 
 told her he couldn't afford to live with 
 her any longer as she wasn't so attractive 
 as another girl he knew and her company 
 tired him instead of affording him rest and 
 comfort. 
 _ "His father also told me that I might 
 
CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS 
 
 95 
 
 as well get out right away as Walter had 
 to have some one younger and more at- 
 tractive," she said. "The old father said: 
 'You don't fit into Walter's station in life 
 and you might as well get out without a 
 fuss, as you will have to move some 
 time.'" 
 
 Mrs. Smith testified that her husband's 
 practice is worth between $400 and $600 
 a week, and that he owns three automo- 
 biles. 
 
 "I just rode in one of them, however," 
 she added. "The oflBce girl rides in them 
 most of the time." 
 
 Dr. Smith stated in his bUl that his wife 
 had an ungovernable temper and that she 
 called up his patients and advised them 
 not to consult him. The doctor further 
 stated that these and other things ruined 
 his health and his business. 
 
 Mrs. Smith was given the decree. 
 
 RECEIVERSHIP PROCEEDINGS 
 Chicago Tribune 
 
 Inflated reports of sales by managers of 
 branch houses, extending over a period of 
 three years, and resulting in a misleading 
 annual statement, it was said yesterday, 
 were responsible for the receivership pro- 
 ceedings for Robert Z. Link & Co. 
 
 The Chicago banks which were the 
 principal creditors of the corporation dis- 
 covered the character of these statements 
 a few days ago in an audit of the books, and 
 at once took steps to protect creditors. 
 
 The other explanation- advanced for the 
 crisis in the company's affairs came from 
 Secretary William H. Arthur. 
 
 " In the panic last fall," he declared, 
 "poor people, who are the firm's principal 
 customers, could not afford to buy even 
 the cheapest fish. They became vege- 
 tarians. If we could have tided over our 
 financial difficulties until after Lent we 
 would have weathered the storm. Trade 
 was just beginning to pick up." 
 
 Developments of the day were as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 Receiver William T. Harrison, learning that 
 fish, oysters, and other sea foods were lying 
 
 in the cars, took measures to obtain the fullest 
 powers in conducting a business based upon 
 transactions in perishable products. 
 
 Four Chicago banks that hold nearly 
 $2,500,000 of the firm's paper, some of it 
 accepted two months ago, held a conference 
 and discussed reorganization of the company. 
 
 Minority creditors prepared to organize. 
 
 Efforts were made to find out what the com- 
 pany did with the proceeds of $1,000,000 
 worth of preferred stock issued last October. 
 Officials say it was used to take up short term 
 notes and to buy warehouses and plants to 
 prevent competition. Creditors believe exor- 
 bitant sums were paid for the plants. 
 
 Ancillary receivers were appointed for 
 branch plants of the company in various parts 
 of the country. 
 
 Receiver Harrison issues a statement prac- 
 tically exonerating Link brothers for blame 
 for the financial straits of the Company. 
 
 An ofiicial of one of the four Chicago 
 banks which hold nearly $2,500,000 of the 
 firm's paper said that the receiver was 
 appointed after the banks had learned 
 that some persons connected with Robert 
 Z. Link & Co. had issued misleading state- 
 ments concerning its volume of business. 
 The Link brothers are not believed to 
 have known anything about these false 
 statements. 
 
 The company, it appears, has a number 
 of ambitious managers of its branch houses 
 in various parts of the country. Each 
 manager gets a percentage on his total 
 sales. Some of them, to obtain the com- 
 mission, it is asserted, juggled their re- 
 ports in such a manner that their total 
 sales appeared to be much larger than 
 they really were, and the annual report was 
 in consequence misleading. The com- 
 pany had no system of checking up these 
 reported sales, and it was not until the 
 bankers put an auditing firm upon the 
 books, after they suspected something fol- 
 lowing the issuance of the last annual 
 statement, that the discrepancies were dis- 
 covered. 
 
 The fact that the last annual statement 
 does not account for new money, the pro- 
 ceeds of the last stock issue, also is being 
 investigated. 
 
 Secretary Arthur had a different expla- 
 nation to make. 
 
96 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 " The panic of last fall, and vegetarian- 
 ism to which the poor were reduced when 
 thrown out of employment," he declared, 
 "are responsible for most of our troubles. 
 
 " It is a well known fact that the com- 
 pany supplied two-thirds of the oysters, 
 fish, and all sea food eaten in this country. 
 The bulk of this trade is among poor peo- 
 ple. The company's chief business has 
 been in fish that retails at 8, 10, and 15 cents 
 a pound, especially in large cities. We 
 depended most upon our business in fresh 
 water fish — the largest in the world in 
 herring, lake perch and such cheaper 
 varieties. This trade came from working 
 people. 
 
 "When the working people were thrown 
 out of employment and stopped buying 
 fish, our trade fell off tremendously. It 
 has just begun to pick up, and if the bank- 
 ers had not taken alarm and had given us a 
 little more time, we should have come out 
 all right." 
 
 Mr. Arthur said that the $1,000,000 ac- 
 quired in the last issue of preferred stock 
 had mostly gone to pay short term notes. 
 
 Receiver Harrison in the afternoon went 
 to Lake Geneva to hold a conference with 
 Judge Kohlsaat, who had been originally 
 selected as the judge before whom the re- 
 ceivership proceedings were to be held. 
 
 "I wish to secure the fullest authority 
 for conducting the business, which is based 
 so largely upon perishable products, so 
 that there will be no loss," said Mr. Harri- 
 son. " I already have that power, but I 
 want to have it specified more clearly." 
 
 Representatives from several railroads 
 called on Mr. Harrison before his depar- 
 ture to ask what should be done with quan- 
 tities of fish that were standing in the cars 
 on sidetracks. The companj' has $600,000 
 in available cash to carry on its business. 
 It is estimated that $1,000,000 will be 
 needed. 
 
 Mr. Harrison made a statement in which 
 he said : 
 
 "From the examination of the books of 
 Robert Z. Link & Co. that has been pos- 
 sible since my appointment as receiver I 
 should say that the Link family owns about 
 60 per cent of the preferred, and about 50 
 
 per cent of the common stock. When the 
 $1,000,000 of preferred stock was issued 
 within the year, it would appear that the 
 Link family paid their assessment on this 
 stock and took their full pro rata, and I 
 cannot find that any transfer of any of 
 their shares has been made." 
 
 ASSIGNMENT 
 
 New York Times 
 
 Henry W. Williams, who carried on a 
 banking and brokerage business at 33 Wall 
 Street, assigned yesterday for the benefit 
 of his creditors, to Mark T. Cox of the 
 firm of Robert Winthrop & Co. Mr. Wil- 
 hams was the publisher of Williams' In- 
 vestors' Manual, and is a director in sev- 
 eral other concerns. 
 
 No figm-es were given out yesterday as 
 to the extent of his liabilities, but it was 
 said by a representative of important 
 banking interests that no complications in- 
 volving other Wall Street houses need be 
 expected as a result of the failure. First 
 estimates put the loss at between $5,000,- 
 000 and $10,000,000, but as the part which 
 H. W. Williams & Co. has played re- 
 cently in the money market has been 
 steadily diminishing, it is believed that the 
 Habilities will amount to from $1,000,000 
 to $2,000,000. Hawkins & Delafield are 
 the attorneys for some of the principal 
 creditors of the firm. 
 
 Lewis L. Delafield of this firm conferred 
 yesterday afternoon with John L. Cad- 
 walader of Strong & Cadwalader, the at- 
 torneys for the assignee. They gave out 
 this statement after the conference: 
 
 Henry W. Williams, transacting busi- 
 ness in the State of New York under the 
 name of H. W. Williams & Co., has made 
 a general assignment for the benefit of 
 creditors to Mark T. Cox of Robert Win- 
 throp & Co. There are no preferences be- 
 yond such as the statute gives to em- 
 ployes. 
 
 A superficial examination justifies the 
 belief that if the creditors, who are few in 
 number, will co-operate in enabling the 
 assignee to effect a favorable liquidation 
 of the assets, a large sum will be realized 
 
CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS 
 
 97 
 
 for their benefit. Written assurances of 
 important financial assistance to such 
 creditors as will co-operate to that end 
 have been given. 
 
 Neither Mr. Cox, the assignee, nor 
 Messrs. Robert Winthrop & Co. are in- 
 terested as creditors or otherwise in the 
 assigned estate. 
 
 None of the lawyers yesterday would 
 make an estimate of the extent of the fail- 
 ure. Some surprise was expressed at the 
 wording of the deed of assignment filed in 
 the County Clerk's office. It read: "H. 
 W. Williams, trading as H. W. WiUiams 
 & Co." as though the assignor had no part- 
 ners in the firm. The latest corporation 
 directories give the firm's personnel as H. 
 W. Wilhams, Frederick A. Farrar, W. N. 
 Phoenix, Franklyn W. Hunt, Charles F. 
 Cushman, and Henry V. Williams. Of 
 these Messrs. Farrar, Hunt, and Cushman 
 live near Boston, where the firm had a 
 branch office. 
 
 It was said at the oflBce of Hawkins & 
 Delafield that Henry W. Wilhams some 
 time ago filed the necessary deed with the 
 County Clerk authorizing him to use the 
 firm name after his partners had resigned 
 their interests. No information could be 
 obtained as to when the dissolution of 
 partnership took place. 
 
 It is understood that Mr. Williams' re- 
 sources have been dwindling for some time. 
 His firm engaged in several unprofitable 
 consolidations, and in the slump in stocks of 
 March, 1907, it was reported that the con- 
 cern was hard hit. The October panic 
 found it again in bad shape to meet a finan- 
 cial storm. 
 
 Mr. Williams began business in 1865 
 as H. V. & H. W. Wilhams, and became 
 widely known as the publisher of Wil- 
 liams' Investors' Manual. In 1880 he en- 
 tered the banking business as a partner 
 in the house of Anthony, Williams & Oli- 
 phant. A year later this concern was suc- 
 ceeded by Williams, Ohphant & Co. It 
 was, however, as a member of the house 
 of Williams & Greenough that Mr. Wil- 
 liams attained his greatest prominence in 
 Wall Street. He was particularly active in 
 leather and ice, and is said to have made 
 
 about $5,000,000 by his operations in these 
 lines. 
 
 In 1899 the firm was dissolved, and Mr. 
 Williams continued in business as H. W. 
 WiUiams & Co. Since then he has been in- 
 terested in a number of consolidations 
 which have turned out to be heavy drains 
 upon him. Among these was the Colonial 
 Sugar Company, which has since been 
 absorbed by the Cuban American Sugar 
 Company. 
 
 Mr. WnUams formed the Colonial con- 
 cern by merging a number of Cuban and 
 Louisiana sugar properties in which he was 
 interested. The venture was unprofitable, 
 and it was said last night by an officer of 
 the company that Mr. Williams' firm had 
 dropped between $300,000 and $400,000 
 in it. 
 
 Another of his interests was the New- 
 ton & Northwestern Railroad of Iowa, 
 which has since been taken over by the 
 Fort Dodge, Des Moines & Southern Rail- 
 road. Suit was brought against him re- 
 cently by Howard WUletts on account of 
 the investment which he had made in the 
 road on the recommendation of Henry 
 Williams & Co. Mr. Willetts is suing for 
 $243,000, the price of 200 of the bonds of 
 the company, on the ground that the hne 
 is not earning enough to pay its fixed 
 charges. The case is still pending. 
 
 Other concerns in which Mr. Williams 
 has had large interests are the Missouri, 
 Kansas & Texas Railway Company and the 
 United States Casualty Company, of which 
 he was a Director, and the Postal Tele- 
 graph Cable Company of Texas, of which 
 he is President, now a part of the system 
 of the American Telegraph and Telephone 
 Company. 
 
 For some years H. W. Williams & Co. 
 has maintained an office in Boston. It 
 has dealt exclusively in bonds, bidding for 
 local, as well as Massachusetts State, and 
 city issues. The last issue in which the Bos- 
 ton branch figured was that of the United 
 States Envelop Company of Worcester, 
 Mass., which issued $2,000,000 worth a 
 couple of months ago. The firm has also 
 invested heavily in American Telephone 
 Company and Atlanta, Birmingham & At- 
 
98 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 lantic Railroad bonds. Boston bankers do 
 not consider that the failure will have any 
 important effect on other houses. 
 
 Outside of financial circles Mr. Wil- 
 liams occupied an important position in 
 society and was an art lover. His house 
 at Tuxedo Park has been known as one 
 of the finest examples of modern country 
 residences. His town house, 1 Lexington 
 Avenue, facing Gramercy Park and exactly 
 opposite to the residence of the late Stan- 
 ford White, one of his warm friends, has 
 been renowned for its rich and artistic 
 decorations. 
 
 Mr. Williams was a liberal supporter of 
 music, and helped many students to fol- 
 low their profession. He is, however, best 
 known as a book collector. For years he 
 spent large sums on rare editions and fine 
 bindings. He brought together a library 
 with hardly an equal in America. Among 
 his special treasures were a first edition of 
 Thomas a Kempis's "Imitatio Christi," 
 Higden's "Polychronicon," and some rare 
 Americana. His collection was estimated 
 as worth between $200,000 and $300,000. 
 
 A few months ago it was announced 
 that this library was to be sold at auction. 
 It was the first intimation to the world at 
 large that Mr. Williams was in financial 
 difficulties. The sale began on Nov. 12, 
 and the first day's offerings brought in 
 $19,000. Some of the leading book collec- 
 tors of the country, such as J. Pierpont 
 Morgan and Senator Henry C. Lodge, sent 
 representatives, and by the time the first 
 two sections had been disposed of $75,000 
 was realized. It is understood that the 
 three other sections are stUl more valuable. 
 
 Five j^ears ago Miss Edith Williams 
 was married to Capt. James K. Modison 
 of the Warwick Regiment of the British 
 Army. It was one of the most brilliant 
 social functions of the year, the best man 
 being Sir E. Stewart Richardson, and the 
 ushers Pierre LorUlard, R. Monroe Fer- 
 guson, Arthur Derby, Frederick C. Have- 
 meyer, Jr., J. Insile Blair, Jr., J. M. Water- 
 bury, Jr., Henry V. Poor, and Roger Poor. 
 The bridesmaids were the Misses Violet 
 Cruger, Janet Fish, Muriel Robbins, and 
 Helen Cutting. 
 
 Note — The way in which the human inter- 
 est can he brought out in what might ordinarily 
 he considered routine news, is shown by the sec- 
 ond of the follovnng two stories. 
 
 PATENT AWARD 
 
 (1) 
 
 New York Times 
 
 The Board of Examiners of the Patent 
 Office decided that the man who made the 
 hydroaeroplane possible was not Glenn H. 
 Curtiss, but Albert S. Janin, a poor cabinet 
 maker of Staten Island. 
 
 In 1910 Mr. Curtiss began testing a 
 canoe device to carry the planes on the 
 water till the momentum necessary to lift 
 them was obtained, but it did not work. 
 
 In the controversy that followed the 
 use of the present device, which consists 
 mainly of outrigging to keep the planes on 
 an even keel, it came out that Mr. Janin 
 had really produced the device in 1909, 
 about a year before Mr. Curtiss had failed 
 to raise his machines at Hammondsport. 
 
 Thomas A. Hill, a lawyer, of 233 Broad- 
 way, took up Janin's claims and put 
 them before the examiners of Interference 
 of the Patent Office. Mr. Hill alleged that 
 on July 3, 1910, Curtiss tried four times 
 in vain to raise his plane from Lake 
 Keuka; also that Curtiss admitted the fail- 
 ure. It was shown that drawings of the 
 successful device now in use were made by 
 Janin long before this date, and that he 
 tried to build a machine to test it in opera- 
 tion, but couldn't get the money. 
 
 Mr. Curtiss contended that the device 
 was his, and that it had failed at Lake 
 Keuka because the motors were not 
 strong enough to do their share of the work. 
 In deciding against Mr. Janin the Ex- 
 aminers of Interference said: 
 
 While he (Curtiss) was thus engaged 
 Janin was sleeping on his rights, from 
 which slumber he did not awake until 
 after the achievements of Curtiss had 
 been widely published. 
 
 Then the case was taken before the 
 Board of Examiners, who found for Mr. 
 Janin. Their opinion reads in part: 
 
CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS 
 
 99 
 
 He (Janin) is a poor man, evidently 
 struggling for a sufficient income to meet 
 his current living expenses. From what 
 his witnesses testify, it is apparent that he 
 was continuously striving to raise funds 
 to develop his ideas, which were regarded 
 by many as illusionary. 
 
 It also came out that Janin, in the years 
 he was working on his water flyer, was the 
 butt of many, who looked upon him as 
 unbalanced by one idea. 
 
 Concerning the statements of Curtiss 
 that his motors were not powerful enough, 
 the Examiners said: 
 
 An excuse of this kind for failure to 
 make flights could probably be advanced 
 in good faith by hundreds of inventors of 
 aeroplanes, who have been seeking pat- 
 ents for the last forty or fifty years. 
 
 Mr. Hill said yesterday that Janin's suc- 
 cess probably would make him wealthy; 
 also that an order for 200 hydroaeroplanes 
 is awaiting any manufacturer who can 
 furnish security that they can be deliv- 
 ered. He said the order was from one of 
 the belligerents in Europe, but did not 
 know which. 
 
 "The Curtiss factory," he said, "can 
 turn out about ten planes a week at a cost 
 of about $7,000 each. But no matter who 
 turns them out they will have to pay a 
 royalty to Mr. Janin." 
 
 (2) 
 
 New York Evening World 
 
 Albert S. Janin, cabinet maker, the 
 other night took off his apron in the shop 
 in which he has worked eight hours a day 
 for the last fourteen years at Rosebank, 
 Staten Island, walked up to the foreman 
 and resigned his job. 
 
 He didn't quit in a huff — a fact that 
 was plainly attested by the manner in 
 which the foreman wrung his hand and his 
 fellow workmen crowded around him, their 
 faces beaming. 
 
 "Congratulations, Al," said the fore- 
 man simply. From somewhere in the 
 crowd spoke one of Janin's intimates: 
 
 "The 'Bug' has made good. Whaddaya 
 know about that? " 
 
 "Well," rejoined Janin, good-naturedly, 
 "it no longer will be Janin, the cabinet 
 maker, or Janin, the Bug, the dreamer and 
 the impostor. I guess the handle to my 
 name has been pretty firmly established 
 as 'Janin, inventor of the hydro-aero- 
 plane.'" 
 
 And that night the modest little 5-room 
 Janin flat was the scene of a celebration 
 the like of which has never been seen 
 at Rosebank. Most enthusiastic of the 
 guests were men who, for the last ten 
 years, have scoffed at the strange look- 
 ing winged craft in the Janin back 
 yard, which, the poor carpenter persisted, 
 would some day be recognized by the pat- 
 ent office as the first flying boat. 
 
 Rosebank went on the map to stay at 
 2 o'clock in the afternoon, when word was 
 received from Washington that the board 
 of examiners-in-chief of the patent office 
 had decided unanimously that the man 
 who made the hydro-aeroplane possible 
 was not Glenn H. Curtiss, but Albert S. 
 Janin, the poor cabinet maker of Staten 
 Island. For four years the powerful Curtiss 
 interests had fought the claims of the ob- 
 scure and almost penniless carpenter, 
 through the patent office and to its highest 
 court — the board of examiners-in-chief. 
 
 He would not have won out probably 
 had not Thomas A. Hill, a patent lawyer 
 of New York, taken the case, out of a sense 
 of justice, without compensation. As a 
 former president of the Aeronautical So- 
 ciety of America, and at present a director, 
 Mr. Hill went into the litigation to see fair 
 play. 
 
 Just how it feels to a struggling work- 
 man, whose $5 a day is barely enough to 
 provide the necessities of life for a wife and 
 seven children, to find himself suddenly 
 famous with a fortune within his grasp, 
 Janin tried to explain. 
 
 "We put it over, didn't we, mother?" 
 Janin beamed, affectionately patting his 
 wife. "If it hadn't been that she stuck 
 to me — believed in me, when all the rest 
 were poking fun and scoffing — I never 
 would have made it." 
 
 "And if it hadn't been," Mrs. Janin 
 interrupted, "that after your hard day's 
 
100 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 work for almost every night in the last 
 ten or fifteen years, you burned the oil 
 at your work bench until long after mid- 
 night, you never would have made it." 
 
 "The best part of this invention is that, 
 unlike a whole lot of others, it's going to 
 bring us money — gobs of it," Janin broke 
 in. "For years we have felt the pinch of 
 poverty, but thanks to Mr. Hill and his 
 work in Washington, I guess that day is 
 past. You know the decision of the patent 
 office gives me a royalty on every hydro- 
 aeroplane tiurned out in this country dat- 
 ing from the day a few weeks hence on 
 which my patent is printed and issued by 
 the government. Mr. Hill tells me that the 
 royalty can be fixed arbitrarily by the in- 
 ventor. The failure of any of these com- 
 panies building hydro-aeroplanes to come 
 to terms, of course, would be followed by 
 an infringement suit, but we don't expect 
 any such difficulty. 
 
 "What will I do with the money? The 
 first thing will be to get a home of our own 
 with plenty of ground around it for the 
 kids to play in. No more of these flats for 
 us. But we are going to stay right here in 
 Rosebank, where my wife and I were born 
 and brought up. You know we were 
 sweethearts, even at old public school No. 
 13, around the corner. Most of the kids are 
 now going to that same school. The oldest 
 girl, Antoinette, who is now 14, can realize 
 her ambition to go to normal school and 
 take up teaching, if she wants to — but she 
 don't have to now." 
 
 AN ADOPTED CHILD 
 
 Kansas City Star 
 
 The Patrick Sullivans had a bad three 
 hours last night. 
 
 You see, it was only a month ago that 
 theirs was a childless family. Mary had 
 grown up and was teaching and there were 
 no babies around the house. Then they 
 found a 1 -month-old baby boy, abandoned 
 in St. Aloysius's Church, and adopted him. 
 The cheery household it has been since 
 then! 
 
 But yesterday a young woman arrived 
 
 at the Sullivan home, 961 Walnut Street, 
 and said that she was the baby's mother, 
 and that the baby's father had only aban- 
 doned him temporarily because they were 
 then in desperate straits, but that every- 
 thing had come out all right financially 
 and now wouldn't the Sullivans give her 
 back her boy? 
 
 The Sullivans wouldn't. Not last night. 
 
 That's when their bad three hours be- 
 gan. If their hearts were wrung so at 
 abandoning a baby not their own, what 
 must be the mother's feehngs? That won 
 the day. 
 
 Papa Sullivan went to Judge Hinton 
 this morning. He; had been to him last 
 week to adopt the baby legally. Now he 
 wanted to know if that legal process would 
 stand in the way of his returning the baby 
 to its mother. Judge Hinton said it wotdd 
 not prevent such action, and he believed 
 that it would be best to give the child to 
 its mother. But he didn't look at Papa 
 Sullivan when he said it. Men don't like 
 to see each other wet-eyed. 
 
 "She'll come back," said Papa Sullivan, 
 "and she can get him." 
 
 Judge Hinton this afternoon made an 
 order at the request of Mr. Sullivan de- 
 claring the adoption of the baby by the 
 Sullivans void. The request was made on 
 the groimd that the mother had appeared 
 and had shoT\Ti herself capable of properly 
 caring for the child. The mother did not 
 appear in court. No further action will be 
 necessary. The mother need only go to the 
 SulUvan home and get her baby. 
 
 Note — The provision in the will given in 
 the New York court story making bequests to 
 Chicago nurses, formed the basis of the local 
 story in the Chicago paper; both stories follow. 
 
 WILL ADMITTED TO PROBATE 
 
 (1) 
 New York Sun 
 
 The wiU of Walter H. Hammond, the 
 wealthy butterine manufacturer, who was 
 shot dead in the Pennsylvania station in 
 Jersey City ten days ago by Peter Grew, 
 
CRIMINAL AND CIVIL CD^lU^rS 
 
 who had a fancied grievance against him, 
 was admitted to probate in Jersey City 
 yesterday. After making a number of 
 specific bequests, including amounts of 
 $500, $250 and $100 to thirty-seven old 
 employees, the residue of the estate goes 
 to the next of kin, share and share alike. 
 Col. Robert A. Hammond is one of the 
 brothers. 
 
 Col. Willard C. Ward, who drew the will 
 on October 1 last and filed it yesterday, said 
 that he didn't care to discuss the value 
 of the estate, as he believed that the be- 
 quests indicated about what the value is. 
 He wouldn't give an opinion as to the 
 value of the butterine business or how 
 much of the estate will be left for the four 
 brothers, two sisters, two nieces and a 
 nephew after the bequests have been set- 
 tled. The estate is believed to be worth 
 at least $800,000, and probably $1,000,000, 
 as Mr. Hammond is said to have owned 
 much property in addition to his butterine 
 business. 
 
 Mr. Hammond leaves his entire holdings 
 in the firm of Hammond & Person, of which 
 he was practically the only stockholder, to 
 three legatees. They are Miss Ahce C. Ha- 
 gan, daughter of a Jersey City policeman, 
 who had been his private secretary for many 
 years and was said to have been engaged 
 to him; Dr. Oscar Bauer, his physician 
 and one of the executors of the estate, 
 and Henry C. Berger, superintendent of his 
 butterine plant. 
 
 One of the first bequests provides for the 
 payment of $25,000 to Anna Louise Cooley 
 of New York city as soon as possible. Of 
 this amount $500 is to be paid at once and 
 the balance at the rate of $100 a month. 
 Sarah B. Johnson and Mabel E. Wilkins 
 of Jersey City, employees of the firm of 
 Hammond & Person for many years, re- 
 ceive $1,500 each. Nellie P. Hamilton, 
 a stenographer in the office of Col. Ward, 
 who assisted in drawing the will, gets $250. 
 Gertrude M. Burns, a daughter of Henry 
 Burns of 314 Devine avenue, Jersey City, 
 where Mr. Hammond lived for seventeen 
 years, receives $500. John J. Jones, man- 
 ager of Mr. Hammond's butterine com- 
 pany, gets the shares in the American 
 
 Butter, QhGese- aad T^g^c' P^^r^P^^y that 
 were owned by Mr. Hammond. Concern- 
 ing one of the bequests the will says : 
 
 During several days' illness in Chicago I 
 was a patient in the Presbyterian Hospital, 
 where I was faithfully nursed by the trained 
 nurses. I desired to recognize the care I re- 
 ceived at their hands. I therefore give and 
 bequeath to the following members of the 
 Illinois Training School for Nurses: Nellie G. 
 Burke, S500; Minnie C. Philhps, $500; Jennie 
 Van Horn, $1,500. 
 
 This illness occurred about six years 
 ago, when Mr. Hammond had typhoid 
 fever. His physician, Dr. Bauer, was with 
 him at the time, and was also ill. 
 
 In making the bequests of from $500 
 to $100 to thirty-seven employees, who 
 include men and women working both in 
 the office and in the butterine plant, and 
 truck drivers as well, the will says that 
 they are remembered for their faithful 
 services to the corporation of Hammond 
 & Person. 
 
 The will allows the executors five years 
 in which to make payment of all the lega- 
 cies, and the remainder of the property, 
 real, personal and mixed, is bequeathed 
 "to the next of kin and their survivors." 
 The relatives named are Robert A. Ham- 
 mond of New York, and Samuel A., Fred- 
 erick D. and Franklin A. Hammond of 
 Pittsburg, brothers; Josephine Block of 
 Greensburg, Pa., and Anna Emma Dell of 
 Los Angeles, Cal., sisters; Paul Martin, 
 nephew, and Gladys Brown and Madeline 
 Martin, nieces, all of Pittsburg and chil- 
 dren of Mr. Hammond's deceased sister, 
 Sadie Martin. 
 
 The total cash bequests amount to 
 $41,710, of which $10,460 goes to the 
 thirty-seven employees named together. 
 
 Col. Robert A. Hammond, who was in 
 Jersey City most of the afternoon yester- 
 day, said when he returned to his office 
 at 16 Broadway that he was acquainted 
 with the provisions of the will and had been 
 at Col. Ward's office during the afternoon. 
 He said he was to see the will at 9 o'clock 
 this morning, and was not aware that it had 
 been admitted to probate. 
 
 "No one has any cause for complaint 
 
102 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 over the. willj.'''. s^aid'CoL.Han^'mond. "It 
 was just what might have been expected 
 from the fairest, smartest boy that ever 
 walked the face of God's green earth. No 
 more generous chap ever lived than that 
 boy, and if he had not remembered his 
 employees as he has done it would have 
 been most unlike him. His relatives do not 
 begrudge the money he has left to those 
 he chose to reward. 
 
 "There has never been the slightest 
 break in the cordial relationship between 
 Walter and myself or between him and any 
 other member of the family. All this talk 
 that has come up since my brother's death 
 is pure foolishness. I am the oldest and the 
 head of the family, and the relationship 
 between Walter and me has been almost 
 that of father and son. I gave him his first 
 start in life when he was a boy. I have 
 never asked anything from him or from 
 any one else in my life and I do not ask it 
 now. 
 
 "Walter was the pleasantest, sunniest 
 boy you ever knew. He did not sit at the 
 right hand of Mr. Parkhurst, but nothing 
 ever came up to smirch his record during 
 his lifetime, and nothing wiU come up now 
 that he is dead. 
 
 "We are all sorry that our best brother 
 was killed and our thoughts are not on the 
 provisions of his will, but on seeing that the 
 man who shot him down without giving 
 him a chance for his life is made to suffer 
 the full penalty of his act. My entire time 
 from now on will be devoted to that pur- 
 pose. There isn't the slightest doubt that I 
 will get my brother's murderer. I haven't 
 been wasting any time since Walter's 
 death. 
 
 "I know that the man who murdered 
 my brother has been sleeping well every 
 night and eating three square meals a 
 day. I don't propose to permit him to 
 escape with an insanity plea. I have been 
 going over the testimony of seventeen wit- 
 nesses with the prosecutor and helping 
 to get it into shape. My experience in that 
 line makes me of some assistance, and I in- 
 tend to see the prosecutor every day if 
 necessary, in order that full justice may be 
 done to my brother's murder." 
 
 (2) 
 Chicago Evening Post 
 
 Three Chicago nxu"ses came into their 
 reward to-day for faithful services and 
 devotion six years ago to Walter H. Ham- 
 mond, a wealthy butterine manufacturer 
 of Jersey City, who was shot dead on Nov. 
 17 in that city by Peter Grew, who had a 
 fancied grievance against him. 
 
 Under the terms of his will, which was 
 filed yesterday in Jersey City, $500 is be- 
 queathed to Miss Nellie G. Burke, 981 
 Carroll avenue, a like sum to Miss Minnie 
 C. Phillips, 14 Green Tree street, and 
 $1,500 to Miss Jennie Van Horn of Chicago, 
 who is now with a patient in Japan. 
 
 While in the city on a business trip six 
 years ago, Mr. Hammond was taken ill 
 with typhoid fever at the Annex. His phy- 
 sicians. Dr. J. B. Herrick and Dr. Frank 
 Billings, had difficulty in finding nurses 
 who suited the patient. At length Miss 
 Burke was sent for and placed in charge of 
 the case, and she selected for her assistants 
 Miss Phillips and Miss Van Horn. 
 
 "I remember Mr. Hammond very well 
 and the circumstances attending his ill- 
 ness," said Miss Burke to-day. "He was 
 seriously ill and for a long time it was a 
 question as to his recovery. We made 
 every effort to save him and felt a keen 
 personal delight when we knew we had 
 won. He had always, up to the time of his 
 death, remembered all of us, sending us 
 presents and flowers at the holidays and in 
 many ways showing his deep gratitude. 
 
 "We were notified by his secretary im- 
 mediately after his death, but until to-day 
 we had no idea that he had remembered us 
 in his will. I had charge of his case two 
 months and then had to take another pa- 
 tient. Miss Van Horn was with him five 
 months during his convalescence." 
 
 In the little apartment at 14 Green 
 Tree street there was a sound of laughing 
 and dancing feet. Answering the ring of a 
 visitor Miss PhilUps opened the door with 
 such a smiling countenance as to obUter- 
 ate any memory of downcast skies. 
 
 "I have just heard of Mr. Hammond's 
 great kindness," she said. "Just think of 
 
CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS 
 
 103 
 
 $500; why it's a nest egg for a fortune! 
 He has always done so many nice things 
 for us girls ever since we cared for him, 
 but to think of his remembering us in his 
 wUl! I was with him several months and 
 we grew to be great friends after the crisis 
 of his Ulness was past. 
 
 "He often came to Chicago, and fre- 
 quently would call us up on arriving and 
 arrange for us all to go to the theater, or 
 to dinner. He was by far the most grate- 
 ful patient any of us has ever had." 
 
 SUIT TO BREAK WILL 
 
 New York Herald 
 
 An effort to obtain approximately one- 
 half of the bequest of about $2,000,000, left 
 to Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt for the pro- 
 motion of the cause of woman suffrage, by 
 the late Baroness de Bazus, who was Mrs. 
 Frank Leslie, was begun in the Supreme 
 Court yesterday by two step-grandchildren 
 of the Baroness. They ask $400,000 each 
 and allege that $200,000 is due to each of 
 two other step-grandchUdren. 
 
 The plaintiffs in the two actions, which 
 are brought through James H. Westcott, 
 of No. 40 Wall street, are Mrs. Lonetta 
 Leslie Hollander and Mrs. Florence Les- 
 lie Weissbrod. Both are grandchildren of 
 Frank LesUe by his first wife, Mrs. Sarah 
 Ann Welham Leslie. They allege that by 
 an agreement made between the Baroness 
 and Frank Leslie December 1, 1879, she 
 promised, in return for receiving his en- 
 tire estate, to distribute by her will two- 
 thirds of it among the children of his first 
 wife or their heirs. This agreement, they 
 allege, she entirely disregarded in the 
 document which left the large residuary 
 estate to Mrs. Catt. 
 
 William Nelson Cromwell and Louis H. 
 Cramer, executors of the estate of the 
 Baroness, are the defendants in both ac- 
 tions. 
 
 Frank Leslie was born in 1821 and in 
 1854 established the .publishing business 
 which at one time issued thirteen period- 
 icals. In 1841 he married Miss Sarah Ann 
 Welham. There were three children by 
 
 the marriage, Frank Leslie, 2d; Alfred A. 
 Leslie and Scipio L. Leslie. Mrs. Hollander 
 is the only chUd of Scipio L. Leslie, who 
 was married in June, 1875, and died in 
 February, 1879. Mrs. Weissbrod is the 
 only chUd of the late Frank Leslie, 2d, who 
 was married January 5, 1874. Alfred A. 
 Leslie, who was married in August, 1868, 
 and died in August, 1905, had two children, 
 Frank Leslie, 3d, and Arthur Leslie. 
 
 Following the death of his first wife, 
 Frank Leslie married the Baroness May 1, 
 1875. She was then Mrs. Miriam Florence 
 Peacock Squires. Her first husband was 
 David Peacock, her second Ephraim G. 
 Squires. There were no children by any of 
 her marriages. Before her marriage the 
 Baroness had been employed in the pub- 
 lishing business of Frank Leslie. She was 
 born in 1828 and entered his employ in 
 1860. Her maiden name was Miriam Flor- 
 ence FoUin. 
 
 Frank Leslie became financially in- 
 volved about September 8, 1877, accord- 
 ing to the two complaints now on file. It 
 is alleged that he assigned the greater part 
 of his property March 20, 1879, to Isaac 
 W. England for the benefit of his creditors 
 xmder an agreement whereby he was to 
 receive the property back again in three 
 years if the business had succeeded in 
 clearing all indebtedness. It is said that the 
 business did not clear the debts but that 
 Mr. Leslie died before the property could 
 be returned. 
 
 Mr. Leslie also agreed with his wife, it 
 is said, to leave his entire estate to her on 
 the condition that she would use the in- 
 come and dispose of the principal in her 
 will as follows: — One-third in any way 
 she desired; one-third of the remaining 
 two-thirds to each of the three children of 
 Frank Leslie by his first wife or to their 
 issue. 
 
 The complaints allege that the Baroness 
 received everything which she possessed 
 from Frank Leslie, who died leaving about 
 $1,000,000. This was increased by her to 
 at least $1,800,000, it is said. The plaintiffs 
 do not ask that the agreement, which is 
 not produced in connection with the com- 
 plaint, be fulfilled. They seek instead 
 
104 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 1,000 each as damages and allege that 
 $200,000 is due also to Frank Leslie, 3d 
 and Arthur Leslie. 
 
 WILL 
 
 Springfield Republican 
 
 The bequest of a bit of the wool of 
 Mary's lamb to the Somerville historical 
 society in the will of Mrs P. H. Derby, 
 which was entered in the probate court 
 in this city yesterdaj', brings to light the in- 
 teresting information that the nursery jin- 
 gle, "Mary had a little lamb, its fleece was 
 white as snow," had a basis in fact. The 
 piece of wool in question was given to Mrs 
 Derby in 1880 by Mrs Mary E. Tyler, the 
 original of the little lamb jingle. It is a 
 piece of yarn tied in a bow and fastened 
 on a piece of paper with pale blue ribbon. 
 Under it is written the words, " wool from 
 Mary's lamb." It seems that when the 
 Old South church of Boston became in- 
 volved financially one of the ways hit upon 
 to raise money was suggested by Mrs 
 Tyler. She took a pair of old wool stock- 
 ings that her mother had knit for her from 
 the wool of her pet lamb, and that she had 
 never worn, but kept in memory of the 
 departed lamb. These were cut up into 
 lengths and made into bows, like the one 
 that was in the possession of Mrs Derby, 
 and sold for 25 cents each. The result was 
 that $200 was realized, and thus the little 
 lamb helped to save the Old South church. 
 
 The story of Mary and her lamb is au- 
 thenticated and the incidents bear a close 
 relation to the events of the poem, or 
 rather, jingle. Mary E. Sawj^er was born 
 in Sterling, March 22, 1806, and the house 
 in which she was born is stiU standing. 
 She had two sisters and four brothers, none 
 of whom ever had themselves immortahzed 
 in rhj-me as Mary did. Mary's father was 
 a farmer and kept sheep. One cold morn- 
 ing in March, 1814, just about 100 years 
 ago and one year over, -twin lambs were 
 born in the Sawyer sheepfold one of which 
 was to be known in nursery rhyme for time 
 immemorial. Like all geniuses, she — for 
 it was a girl — displayed the vagaries of it 
 
 before she was many hours old. So much 
 so in fact that her mother would have noth- 
 ing of her. Little Mary, age eight, took 
 pity on the young thing and asked her 
 father if she might have it, not thinking of 
 the greatness that would come of this 
 charitable deed. She fed and tended it, 
 and the two became very fond of one an- 
 other. 
 
 It was but natural that the lamb should 
 in time come to have a thirst for knowl- 
 edge, and, as the first stanza of the jin- 
 gle has it, "It followed her to school one 
 day," "\Miich," we are told, "was against 
 the rule," and, as might be expected, "it 
 made the children laugh and play, to see 
 a lamb at school." It seems that the teacher 
 laughed too, and everything was lovely for 
 a time. But discipline had to be main- 
 tained, and : — 
 
 So then the teacher turned it out. 
 
 But still it lingered near, 
 And waited patiently about 
 
 Till Mary did appear. 
 
 All of which is strictly true to fact. It 
 appears that when Mary arrived at the 
 school the teacher had not come yet and 
 so the mischievous Mary hid the pet in 
 her desk, which was a box-like affair. 
 When school began and the children were 
 called out for their classes, the lamb trotted 
 out to have a hand in the proceedings. 
 And this, alas, caused it to be put without 
 the pale. 
 
 Now it happened, so strange are the 
 immutable workings of fate, that a young 
 man of 17, a freshman at Harvard, by the 
 name of John Roulstone, Jr., was visiting 
 the teacher at the school that day. The 
 incident inspired him, and a short time 
 after he wrote and sent to Mary the jingle 
 that is so well known. The ideal way to 
 have the tiling work out would have been 
 the marriage of Mary and the budding 
 genius. But no, he died a few years later, 
 never having seen Mary again, so far as 
 there is any record. 
 
 The strain of being a celebrity was too 
 much for the lamb and after bearing up 
 bravely imder it for two years it gave up 
 the struggle, got in the way of a bull on 
 Thanksgiving day, 1816, and was gored. 
 
CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS 
 
 105 
 
 It died an hour later, with its head on 
 Mary's lap. 
 
 In 1835 Mary was married to Columbus 
 Tyler, superintendent of the McClean 
 hospital for the insane at Somerville. 
 She became a matron at the institution, 
 a position she held for 35 years, and several 
 years after her husband died. She died in 
 Somerville, December 12, 1889, and was 
 buried in the Mt Auburn cemetery, near 
 Boston, the same cemetery in which the 
 poet, Longfellow, is buried. The glowing 
 example of what happened to Mary ought 
 to inspire little children to be kind to dumb 
 beasts that they too may some time taste 
 the fruits of immortality. 
 
 Besides the lamb's wool bequest, Mrs 
 Derby left the following legacies to various 
 charitable institutions: Springfield branch 
 of the woman's board of missions, $300; 
 Norton memorial fund of the same organiza- 
 tion, $200; Congregational women's home 
 mission society of Massachusetts, $300; 
 trustees of the national council of the Con- 
 gregational churches of the United States, 
 $3000, to be applied to ministerial relief; 
 Massachusetts society for the prevention 
 of cruelty to animals, $200. Certain books 
 from Mrs Derby's library are bequeathed 
 to the Springfield city library association 
 and the remainder of the estate is to be 
 divided equally between her two nephews, 
 Dr Edward C. Booth of Somerville and 
 Harry D. Booth of Albany, 111. Charles A. 
 Gleason is named as executor without bond. 
 
 Note — How the same piece of news may be 
 treated in different ways is illustrated in the fol- 
 lowing two stories. 
 
 VALUE OF AN ESTATE 
 
 (1) 
 
 Chicago Tribune 
 
 Doubtless Michael Kennedy's schooling 
 never progressed to the point where he 
 reaped the manifold intellectual bounties 
 of McGuffy's second reader. That ven- 
 erable text book explains school ma'ams. 
 Their purpose is to teach the young idea 
 to shoot, it says. 
 
 Consequently there were those who be- 
 lieved Michael misguided when he opened 
 up his shooting gallery in a basement on 
 North Clark street near West Erie street. 
 There Mike — for the consideration of 5 
 cents for five shots — taught the young 
 idea marksmanship after a fashion of his 
 own. 
 
 "Mike, the ne'er-do-well," they called 
 him for years. But a smile was Mike's only 
 answer. He went right on loading rifles 
 for whoever came and painting out the 
 bullet marks on the white targets in the 
 gallery. 
 
 On May 23, 1913, Mike died. Public Ad- 
 ministrator James F. Bishop took charge 
 of the estate, hoping he would get enough 
 out of it to bury the target tender. Mr. 
 Bishop was surprised when he found that 
 Mike, the "ne'er-do-well," had a snug bank 
 account — some $400. 
 
 Another surprise came yesterday when 
 Administrator Bishop announced the re- 
 sult of his seventeen months' investigation 
 into Mike's affairs. It was learned that the 
 "ne'er-do-well" left a nephew in Black- 
 burne, Lancashire, England, named as 
 his sole heir. In a safety deposit vault 
 Mike had $42,000 worth of bonds— the 
 products of teaching the yoimg idea to 
 shoot. 
 
 (2) 
 Chicago Herald 
 
 "Mike" was a shiftless guy. Any of the 
 bunch would tell you that. Of course he 
 always had money. But then, too, he was 
 always giving it away. He 'd lend you any- 
 thing he had if he knew you, and many's 
 the "bo" who got the price of a bed from 
 him. 
 
 Mike at one time was known as Mi- 
 chael Kennedy, but that was not during 
 the time he kept the shooting gallery in 
 North Clark street. He was a rough fellow, 
 and not very affable with strangers. But 
 he'd go a long way for a pal. 
 
 He had his place of business in a base- 
 ment room. He slept there, and enter- 
 tained his friends there when not busy 
 loading rifles for his patrons. And every- 
 
io6 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 body said that he could have a good home 
 if he were not so shiftless. 
 
 Well, "Mike" died a year ago last 
 May, and it was found he had $400 in the 
 bank. The county buried him and charged 
 $106.75 to his estate. The fellows he had 
 befriended went to the funeral and said 
 "We told you so." But they agreed that 
 Mike was a good fellow. 
 
 Public Administrator James F. Bishop 
 was appointed to take care of the shoot- 
 
 ing gallery owner's estate. He started an 
 investigation. 
 
 He discovered that Kennedy had a 
 nephew in Blackbm-ne, Lancashire, Eng- 
 land, and that the shiftless, open-hearted, 
 free-handed "ne'er-do-well" had just a 
 httle over $42,000 worth of gilt-edged 
 stocks and bonds in a safety deposit vault 
 in the Masonic Temple. 
 
 The amount was turned over to the 
 nephew, James Kennedy, yesterday. 
 
CHAPTER VI 
 
 INVESTIGATIONS, LEGISLATION, AND MEETINGS 
 
 Type of story. News stories of various kinds of meetings constitute a 
 distinct class. In the term "meeting" are included sessions of state legis- 
 latures, meetings of municipal councils, conventions of various organiza- 
 tions, and meetings of local societies. Investigations and hearings as con- 
 ducted by committees of legislative bodies are also placed in this class, 
 although they are often more Hke judicial proceedings. 
 
 The purely informative type of story is the common form for reporting 
 meetings, investigations, and hearings. The parts of the proceedings that 
 are of general interest and significance make up the contents of such stories 
 (cf. "State Legislature," p. 116, and "Meeting of Safety Council," p, 120), 
 In meetings of some importance are to be found humorous or pathetic 
 phases that may be brought out legitimately to heighten the interest and 
 to emphasize the significance of the proceedings (cf, "Hearing on Proposed 
 Ordinance," p, 113, and "Testimony in Investigation," p, 110), Some meet- 
 ings lend themselves to humorous treatment, and when the news interest in 
 them is shght, such stories about them constitute typical human interest 
 stories (cf, "Old Clothes Men's Meeting," p, 122). 
 
 Purpose. To give the facts accurately and as completely as their signifi- 
 cance warrants should be the first aim in reporting proceedings of official 
 bodies, because, like court proceedings, they are matters of pubhc concern. 
 The desire to accomplish some end, no matter how laudable that end may 
 be, does not justify distortion or suppresion of the news of the doings of 
 official bodies, A constructive purpose, such as that of exposing sinister 
 influences that may be affecting legislative action, is entirely justifiable, but 
 distortion or suppression of facts in order to make out a stronger case is not 
 legitimate and should not be necessary. Politically partisan news stories 
 that misrepresent public matters in order to create opinion favorable to the 
 cause that the paper upholds, whether they be reports of official proceedings 
 or of political campaign meetings, not only hurt the reputation of the news- 
 paper that pubhshes them but tend to cast doubt on the truthfulness of 
 newspapers generally. 
 
 Much more effort should be made by newspapers in this country to show 
 
io8 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 the significance of acts of representative public bodies, in relation not only 
 to the home and business interests of the individual reader, but to the welfare 
 of the community, the state, and the nation. Intelligent interest in govern- 
 ment on the part of the individual citizen, which is generally recognized as 
 absolutely essential to the success of a democracy, can be more effectively 
 created through the news columns of the daily newspaper than by any other 
 means. 
 
 Treatment. To make interesting w^hat is often considered dry and unat- 
 tractive in proceedings of various public meetings, is the chief problem in 
 writing news stories concerning them. Simple, clear explanation of the 
 meaning of significant parts of the proceedings, lively accounts of debate 
 on various measures, and vivid description of persons and scenes connected 
 with them — all add to the interest of the stories. Too often, however, 
 insignificant incidents of casual interest are played up as features of meet- 
 ings of importance to the subordination or even to the exclusion of matters 
 of vital concern. 
 
 Testimony in investigations and hearings sometimes has dramatic phases 
 like that in court trials. The questions and the answers in these proceed- 
 ings are handled Hke those in court stories, and testimony is dealt with in 
 much the same manner (cf. "Congressional Investigation," p. 109 and "Tes- 
 timony in Investigation," p. 110). 
 
 To select the vital matters, to present them concisely, and to condense 
 routine but necessary details into the smallest possible compass in stories of 
 this class, require effort and skill. 
 
 Note — The following two stories give the 
 results of the first two days' work in the investi- 
 gation of conditions growing out of a coal strike. 
 Both were sent by the Associated Press. 
 
 CONGRESSIONAL INVESTIGATION 
 
 (1) 
 
 Chicago Inter Ocean 
 
 CHARLESTON, W. Va., June 10— The 
 power and authority of the government of 
 the United States came to West Virginia 
 today to determine who is responsible for 
 the conditions which have kept the state 
 in virtual civil war for more than a year. 
 
 Opening the investigation of the coal 
 mine strike, which has dealt death and de- 
 
 struction in the Paint Creek and Cabin 
 Creek mining sections, the Senate mine 
 strike investigating committee tonight 
 called upon the military authorities for the 
 records of the proceedings prior to, and 
 under the declaration of, martial law in 
 the strike territory. 
 
 Judge Advocate General George S. Wal- 
 lace, Adjutant General Charles D. Elliott, 
 Major James I. Pratt, Captain Charles R. 
 Morgan and Captain Samuel L. Walker 
 were summoned before the committee this 
 evening, to produce the state records re- 
 garding the declaration of martial law and 
 the proceedings of the militarj' committee 
 which was placed in authority in the strike 
 district. 
 
INVESTIGATIONS, LEGISLATION, AND MEETINGS 109 
 
 Senator Borah of Idaho desired their 
 testimony and their records as a basis for 
 the branch of the inquiry which he is con- 
 ducting, as to the charge that citizens have 
 been "arrested, tried and convicted in 
 violation of the Constitution or the law of 
 the United States." 
 
 Opening his case under the section of 
 the Senate resolution authorizing the in- 
 vestigation which directs an inquiry into 
 this subject, Senator Borah, at a brief ses- 
 sion of the committee this afternoon, read 
 into the record several excerpts from the 
 constitution of West Virginia. The first 
 was the provision declaring that the con- 
 stitution of the state and of the United 
 States shall always be in effect. The second 
 provision declared, under no circumstances 
 shall the right of habeas corpus be denied. 
 
 The third was the usual provision that 
 no citizen shall be deprived of life, liberty 
 or property without due process of law. 
 The fourth set forth that the military au- 
 thority shall not supersede the civil powers, 
 even under the plea of necessity, and others 
 provided for trial by jury in open court 
 for all criminal offenses. 
 
 The activities of the state authorities in 
 connection with the strike will be probed 
 by the committee, in view of these con- 
 stitutional guarantees, and the charge that 
 the mine workers have not been accorded 
 their full rights will be investigated with 
 these provisions in mind. 
 
 A formidable array of coimsel was on 
 hand. For the miners there appeared 
 Frank S. Monnet, formerly attorney gen- 
 eral of Ohio, Seymour Stedman of Illinois, 
 and M. M. Belcher and H. W. Houston. 
 The operators were represented by Z. T. 
 Vinson, E. W. Knight and C. C. Watts, with 
 a half score of assistants. 
 
 Two lengthy preliminary statements 
 were filed with the committee by the at- 
 torneys for the operators. The first was 
 filed by Mr. Vinson for the operators gen- 
 erally, and the second by Mr. Watts for 
 the Paint Creek Collieries company. Both 
 were pleas of "not guilty" and both denied 
 in detail and in toto the charges made in 
 the resolution passed by the Senate au- 
 thorizing the inquiry. 
 
 The operators in their brief made the 
 counter charge that the United Mine 
 Workers of America, in its attempts "to 
 organize" the coal miners in the West 
 Virginia field, was responsible for the 
 violence which has characterized the 
 strike. 
 
 The operators declared they expect to 
 prove that firearms and ammunition were 
 brought into the state "for acts of lawless- 
 ness and violence, which were designed to 
 keep the Paint Creek and Cabin Creek 
 mines idle and prevent shipments of coal 
 therefrom until the United Mine Workers 
 of America should be recognized." 
 
 The statement presented by the Paint 
 Creek Collieries company made similar 
 denials and similar charges. 
 
 Former Governor Glasscock, who was 
 Governor when the strike began and who 
 declared martial law in the district, will 
 appear before the committee on Thursday. 
 He sent a telegram to the committee today 
 offering to testify, and at the suggestion 
 of Senator Borah it was arranged to ex- 
 amine him on Thursday. 
 
 (2) 
 
 Chicago Inter Ocean 
 
 CHARLESTON, W. Va., June 11.— 
 War time rule in the coal strike regions of 
 West Virginia was described before the 
 Senate mine investigating committee 
 here today, and after three military officers 
 had told of conditions, the committee ex- 
 pressed itself as satisfied as to the charge 
 that "the citizens of West Virginia had 
 been tried and convicted in violation of the 
 Constitution and laws of the United 
 States." 
 
 Two members of the military commit- 
 tee, which at three different times have 
 assumed absolute dominion over some 150 
 square miles of West Virginia territory, 
 testified. They were Captain Charles R. 
 Morgan, a lawyer, and Major James I. 
 Pratt, who was president of the second 
 military court which took charge of the 
 strike district. Both told the committee 
 that their proceedings w^ere conducted 
 
no 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 without regard to the civil laws of the 
 state; that they arrested, arraigned, tried, 
 convicted and sentenced offenders without 
 recourse to civil courts and without regard 
 to the limitations imposed by the statutes 
 of West Virginia. 
 
 "We considered that the strike district 
 was in a state of actual warfare," said 
 Captain Morgan, "and we acted according 
 to the procedure of the United States 
 Army in time of war." 
 
 "But the constitution of the state pro- 
 vides," interjected Attorney Monnet, for 
 the miners, " that the military shall be 
 subordinate to the civil power, and that no 
 citizen, unless engaged in military service 
 of the state, shall be tried or punished for 
 any offense that is cognizable by the civil 
 courts of the state." 
 
 "My understanding was," replied Cap- 
 tain Morgan, "that during the state of 
 insurrection which prevailed, the con- 
 stitution of the state of West Virginia was 
 suspended by the acts of those men who 
 were burning, killing and destroying prop- 
 erty. 
 
 "We believed that to perpetuate the 
 state of West Virginia and restore the 
 constitution was to use extreme measures." 
 
 A dozen pictures of men clad in prison 
 clothing were identified by Major Pratt 
 as those of men who had been sentenced 
 by the military commission. One man was 
 given a sentence of seven and a half years; 
 several others were given three, foiu- and 
 five year terms. 
 
 "Was there any indictment against these 
 men?" asked Senator Borah. 
 
 "No," answered Major Pratt; "they 
 were arraigned on charges prepared by the 
 judge advocate general." 
 
 Senator Borah elicited that Captain 
 Morgan, as a law>-er, believed that there 
 was no appeal from the decision of the 
 commission, if approved by the Governor, 
 except to the Supreme court of the United 
 States. 
 
 "Then a man did not have to commit a 
 statutory offense to make himself amen- 
 able to the action of your commission?" 
 asked Attorney Monnet. 
 
 "No." 
 
 "You could arraign him for anything 
 that in your estimation was an offense?" 
 
 "Yes, except that the Governor's proc- 
 lamation specified statutory offenses." 
 
 Senator Martine ascertained that after 
 the commission had heard the testimony 
 in a case it went into secret session, ex- 
 ecuted sealed findings after the manner of a 
 verdict, and sent them to the Governor. 
 It was developed that forty-nine accused 
 men were tried at one time by the com- 
 mission. 
 
 "There was no opportunity given a man 
 to secure a new trial, or bail, no possibility 
 of a stay of execution; your decision was 
 final," suggested Mr. Monnet. 
 
 "Yes." 
 
 "If you had sentenced a man to death, 
 there was no way of stopping the execu- 
 tion?" asked Senator Borah. 
 
 " We did not contemplate imposing death 
 sentences," replied the witness. 
 
 Adjutant General Charles D. Elliott 
 occupied the morning session and part of 
 the afternoon session. Tonight Senator 
 Borah took up witnesses produced by the 
 Mine Workers to testify as to charges that 
 peonage obtains in the Paint and Cabin 
 creeks sections. A hundred brawny miners 
 came in from the hills today, and the at- 
 torneys for the Mine Workers weeded out 
 the witnesses they wanted to call. 
 
 Following today's speedy work, the com- 
 mittee decided to divide up the inquiry 
 tomorrow, allowing Senator Borah to pro- 
 ceed alone with the peonage investiga- 
 tion, and probably requiring Senator 
 Kenyon to begin an individual inquiry into 
 general conditions in the strike zone, while 
 the remainder of the committee take up 
 other branches of the inquiry. 
 
 TESTIMONY IN INVESTIGATION 
 
 Milwaukee Free Press 
 
 NEW YORK, Feb. 3.— Mrs. Mary 
 Petrucci, a coal miner's wife, today told 
 the federal industrial commission how her 
 three small children met death at her side 
 in the Ludlow strike massacre of 1914. 
 
 Women wept and tense faced men bent 
 
INVESTIGATIONS, LEGISLATION, AND MEETINGS iii 
 
 forward eagerly, as the bareheaded, black 
 clad woman, in low, passive tones, reflect- 
 ing the deep melancholy of her face, re- 
 cited the dramatic events of the night 
 of April 20, when fire and machine guns 
 swept the strikers' camp in the southern 
 Colorado hills, collecting a toll of twelve 
 children, two women and five men. It was 
 a remarkable recital and a memorable 
 scene. 
 
 Mrs. Petrucci is 24 years old. She was 
 born of Italian parents in a Colorado min- 
 ing camp. She was married at the age of 
 16 and had four children when the strike 
 of the Colorado Fuel & Iron company em- 
 ployes was declared in 1913. She lost one 
 child in March of the following year as 
 a result of privations occasioned by the 
 strike. With the grief of that loss still upon 
 her she went to live in the tent colony at 
 Ludlow after the strikers had been driven 
 from the company settlement. There the 
 final tragedy of her life was enacted. 
 
 She took the witness stand today with 
 listless manner and haunted eyes. Through- 
 out her testimony she alternately bit at 
 her finger nails and twisted in her frail 
 hands a cotton handkerchief. 
 
 Her sweet voice at no time rose above 
 a conversational tone, and the matter of 
 fact manner in which she told the story 
 of her grief served only to bring out with 
 more striking force its tragic import. 
 
 "Yes," she said in answer to Chairman 
 Walsh's questions, "we had good times in 
 the tent colony. I liked it there better 
 than in the company camp. Over there 
 the militia came up every day and insulted 
 us. The Sunday before the fire was the 
 Greek Easter. The men in the camp cele- 
 brated it. We had a baseball game, and 
 that night there was singing, and the boys 
 came with banjos and we had a good time." 
 
 Into this background of merriment she 
 fitted the picture of the woe that followed. 
 
 "April 20 I didn't leave our tent at all," 
 she said. "Our tent was No. 1, and right 
 behind it was the maternity tent. A cellar 
 had been dug in that tent and there several 
 babies were bom while we lived in the 
 colony. We also had a cellar in our tent. 
 It was about 6 o'clock that night. I was 
 
 down in the cellar and smelled a fire. The 
 children were playing around. I went up 
 and discovered that the tent was all on 
 fire. I seized my children, and taking one 
 in my arms, I got another by the hand, and 
 the other one took hold of my skirt and 
 we ran out of the tent. 
 
 " When I ran out I saw a lot of the mili- 
 tiamen around. They hollered to me to 
 look out and were shooting at me as I ran. 
 As quick as I could I ran into the mater- 
 nity tent and down the steps into the cellar . ' ' 
 
 "You are sure you saw the militiamen," 
 asked Mr. Walsh. 
 
 "Oh yes, sir," replied the witness. 
 "They were about twenty-five yards 
 away." 
 
 "And could they see you?" 
 
 "I saw them. And they hollered at me; 
 yes, sir." 
 
 She looked at Walsh with frightened 
 eyes as if recalling in her mind the scene 
 of the night and continued: 
 
 "There was a door down to the cellar 
 inside the tent and there were earth steps. 
 The door was left open as I went down, 
 and I don't know how it came to be closed 
 later. When I got down in the cellar there 
 were three women and eight children there. 
 I knew them all. I had my baby in my 
 arms. It was six months old. The others 
 were close to me and my boy had hold of 
 my dress." 
 
 Twirling the handkerchief in her hands, 
 the woman looked over at Mr. Walsh and 
 in a voice from which all emotion seemed 
 to have been drained, she said: 
 
 "He would have been 5 years old yes- 
 terday — my boy." 
 
 "You lost all three of yoiu: children 
 there?" said Walsh. 
 
 "Yes, sir," she replied, soft and low. 
 "I lost them that night." 
 
 And again she twisted the handkerchief 
 into a knot. A woman on the front row 
 of benches sobbed audibly. A shufiling of 
 feet and the deep breathing of the specta- 
 tors swept over the room. Mrs. Petrucci 
 gazed dully at her questioner, 
 
 "We were in the cellar about ten min- 
 utes," she said, "when "the tent over our 
 head took fire. I don't know how it 
 
112 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 started. It was not on fire when I went in. 
 Pretty soon after that we all lost conscious- 
 ness." 
 
 "But before that," asked Walsh, "didn't 
 you try to escape?" 
 
 "It was all on fire over our heads," re- 
 phed the woman simply. 
 
 "Did you do anything to save your 
 children?" 
 
 "What could I? Oh, yes. There was a 
 woman there with a blanket. I asked her 
 to share it with me for my babies ; one was 
 6 months, you know, and the other 2^ 
 years, and my boy 4. She told me it was 
 only big enough for herseh." 
 
 Mrs. Petrucci sighed. It was the only 
 display of emotion she made during the 
 recital. That blanket — a corner of it 
 might have saved one of the babies from 
 the suffocation that quickly overtook all 
 there. She sighed at the recollection. 
 
 "The next I knew," she continued 
 plaintively, "was when I woke up at 5 
 the next morning. I ran out for water for 
 my babies. They were lying there. I 
 thought water would help them. I did 
 not know what I was doing. I felt like I 
 was drunk. Outside I saw guards walk- 
 ing down the railroad tracks. They were 
 laughing. I kept turning back all the time. 
 I was afraid they would shoot me." 
 
 Again the frightened look came into 
 her dark ringed, black eyes. A score of 
 women in the audience were weeping now. 
 Save for their smothered sighs the room 
 was in absolute sUence. The clanging of 
 a bell on one of the lower floors of the 
 Metropolitan building rang out like a fun- 
 eral note. 
 
 "I went to the railroad station," said 
 Mrs. Petrucci. "I didn't know what I 
 was doing. I asked Mrs. Horning to go 
 look for my babies. She said she could not 
 find them. Someone bought me a ticket 
 for Trinidad. I was in bed there nine days 
 with pneumonia. I did not see my children 
 again." 
 
 A woman on the front row groaned and 
 Mrs. Petrucci looked down at her with 
 dazed eyes. 
 
 " Don't you know how the fire started? " 
 asked Commissioner Weinstock. 
 
 "No, sir; the beginning of the fire was 
 in my tent. It was about 6 o'clock. It was 
 still light. It started outside." 
 
 "But when you went out didn't you 
 see anyone? 
 
 "No, sir, only the militiamen." 
 
 For a fuU two minutes the commis- 
 sioners gazed silently at the woman. Then 
 finally Weinstock asked: 
 
 "When you went to the railroad station 
 what did you think had become of your 
 children?" 
 
 "I wasn't thinking of anything," re- 
 plied Mrs. Petrucci, clasping her hand- 
 kerchief to her breast. 
 
 Mother Jones took the woman in her 
 arms as she stepped from the stand and 
 led her away. 
 
 Andrew Carnegie wiE probably be called 
 on Friday. 
 
 HEARING ON CITY ORDINANCE 
 
 New York Herald 
 
 If there is any general opposition to an 
 ordinance to guard the public against the 
 nuisance of smoking automobiles, it failed 
 to develop at a public hearing in the mat- 
 ter held yesterday afternoon by the Com- 
 mittee on Laws and Legislation of the 
 Board of Aldermen. One man appeared 
 when opponents of the bill were asked to 
 express their views, but he admitted that 
 the ordinance would be a good thing if 
 operative only in Manhattan. 
 
 He was Herbert G. Andrews, of the 
 Committee on Laws and Legislation of the 
 Long Island Automobile Club. He said 
 the club favored the abatement of the 
 nuisance, but would like to have the ordi- 
 nance altered in certain respects. 
 
 In the form introduced by Alderman 
 NicoU the ordinance is identically the same 
 as one now in force prohibiting smok- 
 ing automobiles in the parks. It says that 
 "no person shall run a motor vehicle in 
 the streets and highways of the city of 
 New York which emits from the exhaust 
 or mufiler thereof offensive quantities of 
 smoke, gas or disagreeable odors," and that 
 I "any violation of the provisions of this 
 
INVESTIGATIONS, LEGISLATION, AND MEETINGS 113 
 
 ordinance shall be deemed a minor offence 
 and, upon conviction thereof before a city 
 magistrate, shall be punished by a fine of 
 not more than $10 or by imprisonment in 
 the City Prison, or by both; but no such 
 imprisonment, however, shall exceed a 
 term of five days." 
 
 Mr. Andrews suggested that the word 
 "offensive" be changed to "excessive" and 
 that the fine be graduated — slight for the 
 first offence and heavier for subsequent 
 offences. 
 
 William H. Palmer, of the New York 
 Transportation Company, a taxicab con- 
 cern, said that it would be easier to deter- 
 mine the offence if the ordinance made 
 some reference to the distance at which 
 smoke extending from an automobUe was 
 unlawful. 
 
 In support of the bUl there appeared 
 many persons, including two women. Al- 
 derman Nicoll said that smoking auto- 
 mobiles were the cause of a great blue 
 haze often to be found at places such as 
 Columbus Circle and Forty-second street 
 and Fifth avenue. The smoke penetrated 
 stores, he said, and made it necessary for 
 merchants to keep their doors and windows 
 closed to protect their goods. 
 
 The alderman told of riding in a taxi- 
 cab from Cortlandt street to Fiftieth street 
 on Thm-sday afternoon and of passing one 
 hundred and sixty-four automobiles, of 
 which, he said, thirty were smoking. 
 
 Paris, London and Berhn have laws pro- 
 hibiting the emission of smoke from auto- 
 mobiles, he said, and the law in force in 
 Paris is even more drastic than his or- 
 dinance. H 
 
 Dr. Holbrook Curtis corroborated Mr. 
 Nicoll in his claim that smoke had a bad 
 effect on the health of the people who in- 
 haled the fumes. He said it was especially 
 injurious to persons suffering from gas- 
 tritis. 
 
 Mrs. John Rogers, as chairman of the 
 Hygiene Committee of the New York 
 City Federation of Women's Clubs, 
 pleaded for the passage of the ordinance 
 for the sake of little children, whose noses 
 and eyes were affected by the smoke, 
 she said. Mrs. Katherine S. Day, of the 
 
 Women's Municipal League, also urged the 
 passage of the measure. 
 
 Others who spoke in favor of the meas- 
 ure were Charles J. Campbell, counsel for 
 the Hotel Association of the City of New 
 York; Frederick 0. Cook, president of the 
 Fifth Avenue Association; John C. Cole- 
 man, of the West End Association, and 
 WUham Kirkpatrick. 
 
 Mr. Coleman said that on the upper 
 west side chauffeurs often vie with one 
 another to see how much smoke they can 
 emit and how much noise they can make. 
 
 The claim was made that jthe emission 
 of smoke could be prevented without dif- 
 ficulty, and nobody contradicted the state- 
 ment. Taxicabs were said to be the worst 
 offenders. 
 
 HEARING ON PROPOSED 
 ORDINANCE 
 
 New York Times 
 
 Nearly 500 persons living in New York 
 who raise chickens on their fire escapes, 
 in their backyards, or on vacant lots, for 
 eating purposes or for their eggs, went by 
 invitation to the offices of the Department 
 of Health yesterday afternoon and made a 
 mighty protest against the proposed ordi- 
 nance to prohibit the raising of hens within 
 seventy-five feet of the nearest residence 
 or public building, and the keeping of 
 roosters an5rwhere. 
 
 Their complaints against the hardships 
 of the regulations under consideration were 
 heard with great patience by Dr. Haven 
 Emerson, Deputy Commissioner of Health, 
 in charge of the Sanitary Bureau. Dr. 
 Emerson had difficulty in keeping order at 
 the meeting, because aU the chicken owners 
 were disposed to talk at once. On this 
 account, too, many of those who probably 
 had good arguments to use against the 
 tentative ordinance were unable to get a 
 hearing. 
 
 The lecture room on the fifth floor of 
 the Department of Health Building was 
 packed with chicken owners long before 
 4 o'clock, when the meeting was called to 
 order by Dr. Emerson. The gathering was 
 
114 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 composed of every kind of chicken raiser, 
 from the head of a family which kept just 
 two pullets for their eggs, to the fancier 
 who boasted of the finest breed of fowl in 
 large numbers. Seated on either side of 
 Dr. Emerson were several members of his 
 staff, including Dr. John Barry, Assistant 
 Sanitary Superintendent of Queens, and 
 Dr. John Sprague, Assistant Sanitary 
 Superintendent of Richmond. 
 
 The meeting was opened by Dr. Emer- 
 son, who explained that the Sanitary Bu- 
 reau had received more than 14,000 com- 
 plaints on account of chickens since the 
 first of the year. Furthermore, he asserted 
 that inspectors were occupied one-third 
 of their time investigating applications for 
 permits to keep chickens, or complaints 
 about them. He then started to read some 
 of the hundreds of letters of complaint on 
 the subject of chickens, when one of the 
 owners interrupted: 
 
 "I don't think it's fair to take up our 
 time with letters of complaint, because 
 we already loiow what's in them. We want 
 to find out what's the best the Depart- 
 ment of Health can do for chicken raisers." 
 
 A member of a delegation from Sheeps- 
 head Bay said that the proposed seventy- 
 five-foot limit would entirely wipe out 
 chicken raising in his section, and he be- 
 lieved it would have the same effect in 
 other suburban districts. He said: 
 
 "I have a plot 100 by 100 feet, and my 
 house is constructed so that it would be 
 impossible for me to keep chickens in ac- 
 cordance with the seventy-five-foot limit. 
 The average subvu-banite Uves on a plot 
 50 by 100 feet." 
 
 The suggestion that the new limit 
 would practically eliminate the chicken 
 industry from this city, brought forth a 
 chorus of groans not unlike that of Sing 
 Sing when a convict is led from the death 
 house to the electric chair. 
 
 Dr. Emerson was the target for a score 
 of different questions from every part of 
 the room, and, as the best way out of the 
 difficulty, he asked all who had killed 
 chickens on their plots to raise their hands." 
 
 "Don't you do it; you'll be fined," was 
 the warning shouted by one of the chicken 
 
 owners, and this was the signal for another 
 series of groans. 
 
 It took the Deputy Health Commis- 
 sioner some Uttlei time to restore order and 
 to explain to the men and women that no 
 pohce officers were present to start pro- 
 ceedings against offenders of the anti- 
 chicken-slaughtering regulations. 
 
 One of the chicken raisers pointed out 
 that the law was absurd in that it said that 
 a chicken coop could not be kept within 
 seventy-five feet of a factory. 
 
 "Is a chicken going to harm a factory?" 
 he asked. 
 
 Dr. Emerson then tried to tell the com- 
 plaining chicken owners that milk-bottUng 
 works, on the sanitation of which depended 
 the lives of thousands of babies, were among 
 the "factories" protected by the regula- 
 tion. He also said that there was no intent 
 in the seventy-five-foot limit to discrimi- 
 nate against chicken owners any more than 
 there was to discriminate against saloons, 
 which are required to be 200 feet removed 
 from the nearest church or school. Here 
 he was interrupted: 
 
 "You see a lot of drunken men coming 
 out of saloons, but you never see a drunken 
 chicken coming out of a chicken coop." 
 
 When Dr. Emerson asserted that 150,- 
 000 chickens were slaughtered in New 
 York City every year in violation of the 
 law regulating slaughter houses, several 
 men and women jumped to their feet. All 
 at once the men protested: 
 
 "But we slaughter them in a more san- 
 itary way than the licensed slaughter 
 houses." 
 
 When this period of excitement had 
 somewhat subsided, a little woman arose 
 quietly and, on the ground that she kept 
 two chickens for their eggs, protested 
 against further reference to the killing of 
 fowls as "slaughter." 
 
 J. Howland Leavitt, Superintendent of 
 Highways of Queens, endeavored to cahn 
 the chicken owners by assuring them that 
 it must be the idea of the Department of 
 Health to improve bad conditions without 
 being too strict with those persons who 
 complied with the health regulations. 
 
 "For instance," said Supt. Leavitt, "I 
 
INVESTIGATIONS, LEGISLATION, AND MEETINGS 115 
 
 keep chickens within sixty-five feet of a 
 school house. They do not disturb any of 
 my neighbors, and there has never been 
 any complaint about them, to my knowl- 
 edge." 
 
 "Have you ever received a permit to 
 keep those chickens?" asked Dr. Emerson. 
 
 "No," replied Mr. Leavitt, and the 
 chicken owners were forced to laugh — 
 for the first time. 
 
 On behalf of citizens of Queens and 
 Richmond Boroughs in their districts, 
 Aldermen Burden of Flushing and O'Rourke 
 of Richmond made certain objections to the 
 proposed ordinance. Alderman Burden 
 said his constituents were satisfied with 
 the present law, and only asked for ade- 
 quate inspection. Alderman O'Rourke 
 said it would be more in keeping with the 
 Mayor's policy to apply home rule to 
 chickens and leave each Assistant Sani- 
 tary Superintendent with jurisdiction in 
 his borough. 
 
 The fears of the chicken raisers were 
 somewhat allayed when Commissioner 
 Emerson read a letter from one of their 
 number suggesting a few modifications 
 to the proposed ordinance. He took a 
 vote on the suggestions and the majority 
 indorsed them. 
 
 Before the meeting was closed the 
 chicken owners voted their thanks to Dr. 
 Emerson for his patience in hearing their 
 complaints. 
 
 HEARING BEFORE COMMITTEE 
 
 Chicago Herald 
 
 Are women less brave than men in time 
 of danger? 
 
 J. C. McDonnell, chief of the fire pre- 
 vention bureau, precipitated the second 
 chapter in the controversy yesterday when 
 he appeared before the judiciary committee 
 of the city council and reiterated his con- 
 tention that public safety demanded the 
 substitution of men for women ushers in 
 Chicago theaters. 
 
 "Women ushers are not as brave as men 
 when danger comes," he argued. 
 
 "Experience has proved that statement 
 
 pm-ely theoretical and absolutely untrue," 
 responded the managers of playhouses 
 which employ girl ushers. 
 
 "Women ushers are all right to hand out 
 programs and show patrons to seats, but 
 that is all," the fire prevention chief re- 
 marked. 
 
 And thereby Armageddon was set down 
 in the midst of the theatrical world. 
 
 The first strategic move of the opposing 
 forces — the girl ushers of Chicago — 
 consisted in the organization of an effec- 
 tive fighting machine. 
 
 "The Girl Ushers' Anti-McDonnell 
 League" it is called — and the name con- 
 ceals little of the organization's plans of 
 procedure. 
 
 "Our work is to us what other kinds of 
 work are to other girls — om- means of 
 earning a livelihood," said Miss Marie 
 Donlan of the Princess Theater, chairman 
 of the league. "To the assistant fire chief 
 the change from women ushers to men 
 would mean only the vindication of an 
 idea. To us it would inean the loss of our 
 positions." 
 
 The campaign contemplated by the 
 league has no place in it for consideration 
 of the feelings of the fire prevention head. 
 
 "We shall ignore him with pleasure," 
 volunteered Miss Blanche Lamb, head 
 usher of the Garrick. 
 
 Here is the plan worked out by the 
 members of the league's impromptu war 
 council: A petition will be prepared and 
 presented to Mayor Harrison by a com- 
 mittee selected from the membership of 
 the league. The petition will recite actual 
 instances in which girls have proved their 
 bravery "under fire." 
 
 New friends sprang to the defense of the 
 young women at the council committee 
 meeting. They were Aldermen Coughlin 
 and Dempsey. The former cited the in- 
 stance of the Iroquois Theater fire, when 
 "men ushers failed to prevent terrible loss 
 of life." Alderman Dempsey said it would 
 be wrong "to throw so many girls out of 
 employment." 
 
 Girl ushers active in the new league in- 
 clude the Misses Eleanor Cline and Ger- 
 trude White of the Princess Theater, the 
 
ii6 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 Misses Lucile Perkins and Blanche Lamb 
 of the Garrick, and the Misses T. Crowley, 
 D. Dennis and G. Kennedy of Powers'. 
 
 The council judiciary committee voted 
 to defer action until after the managers of 
 the theaters had been given an opportunity 
 to be heard. 
 
 Meanwhile — who are braver, girls or 
 boys? 
 
 Theatrical managers say girls. 
 
 Assistant Chief McDonnell says boys. 
 
 And you — ? 
 
 STATE LEGISLATURE 
 
 St. Louis Post-Dispatch 
 
 JEFFERSON CITY, Jan. 21.— Op- 
 position of Democratic politicians in St. 
 Louis to a reform of the Justice of the Peace 
 system in the city developed in the House 
 yesterday over a bill modeled along the 
 lines of the Municipal Courts biU, which 
 has three times been killed through the in- 
 fluence of poUticians who sought to per- 
 petuate the present system in the minor 
 courts of St. Louis. 
 
 William R. Handy, Democratic member 
 from the Third District in St. Louis, yes- 
 terday succeeded in keeping the Justice of 
 the Peace bill in the Committee on Muni- 
 cipal Corporations after the House had 
 voted to request that committee to return 
 the bill that it might be referred to the 
 Committee on Justices of the Peace, to 
 which it properly belongs. 
 
 Handy is a member of the Municipal 
 Corporations Committee, and with the bill 
 in that committee, it is always under his 
 eye, and he is in a position to have a voice 
 in determining whether it shall ever be re- 
 ported. Through many sessions Handy has 
 fought to kiU the municipal courts bill. 
 
 The Justices of the Peace bill was in- 
 troduced by John C. Harrison of St. Louis. 
 Harrison is a lawyer and a former Justice 
 of the Peace. 
 
 His bill provides that Justices of the 
 Peace shall be elected at large in St. Louis 
 and that each shall have jurisdiction 
 throughout the city. It places each Justice 
 on a salary of $3000 a year and provides 
 
 for a reduction in the number of Justices 
 from 11 to 7. Each Justice, the bill pro- 
 vides, must be a licensed attorney. 
 
 One clerk is provided for, to be elected 
 by the Justices. There are to be such dep- 
 uty clerks as are required. One Constable 
 is provided for in the bill, his salary to be 
 $2500 a year. Deputy clerks and Con- 
 stables shall be paid $1800 a year each. In 
 addition to his salary, the Constable is al- 
 lowed 2^ per cent of all amounts collected 
 by him on execution. 
 
 The bill does not require that all the 
 justice courts shall be in one building, but 
 provides that the Board of Aldermen shall 
 provide suitable rooms and offices, which 
 shall be centrally located. 
 
 The biU is opposed by ward poHticians, 
 as was the Municipal Courts bill in pre- 
 vious sessions, for the reason that it would 
 abolish many jobs of Constables and would 
 break up the political organizations in the 
 Justice of the Peace districts in St. Louis. 
 
 Democrats are opposing it on the addi- 
 tional ground that under the present sys- 
 tem the Democrats are able to elect some 
 Justices and Constables, and they fear 
 that, if such officers were elected at large, 
 the Republicans would win all the jobs. 
 
 The controlling motive of the opposi- 
 tion, however, is the danger of breaking up 
 the organizations through which political 
 bosses are able to reward faithful hench- 
 men or get jobs for themselves. 
 
 The requirement that a Justice must be 
 a practicing attorney would end the pres- 
 ent system, practiced in many of the dis- 
 tricts in St. Louis, of ward politicians hav- 
 ing themselves elected Justices of the 
 Peace. 
 
 Harrison's biU was introduced a week 
 ago. It was referred by Speaker Ross to 
 the Municipal Corporations Committee, of 
 which Handy is a member. Yesterday 
 Harrison requested that it be taken from 
 that committee and sent to the Committee 
 on Justices of the Peace, of which he is a 
 member. 
 
 Handy objected. He said that he was 
 opposed to having the bill in Harrison's 
 committee. Speaker Ross said that it was 
 customary to refer a bill to any committee 
 
INVESTIGATIONS, LEGISLATION, AND MEETINGS 117 
 
 the member introducing it desired, but 
 Representative James J. Blain made the 
 point that Ross had no power to take the 
 bill out of the Municipal Corporations 
 Committee. 
 
 Harrison then offered a motion that the 
 committee be instructed to return the bill 
 to the House. Blain objected to the form of 
 the motion. He said that the committee 
 should be requested, not instructed. Har- 
 rison changed his motion. 
 
 The Municipal Corporations Commit- 
 tee met yesterday afternoon. Handy was 
 present. The committee voted to refuse the 
 request of the House and to retain posses- 
 sion of the bill. The only Democrats on the 
 committee voting to return the bill were 
 Representatives White of Cole County and 
 O'Brien of Wayne County. 
 
 Harrison said this morning that he would 
 renew his motion and that he would ask 
 that the House order the Municipal Cor- 
 porations Committee to return the bill. 
 
 Note — The second of the next two stories 
 follows up the news of the introduction of an 
 ordinance given in the first story. 
 
 CITY COUNCIL MEETING 
 
 (1) 
 
 Philadelphia Ledger 
 
 (Condensed) 
 
 Authority for the immediate erection of 
 a two-track elevated railway from Front 
 and Arch streets to Rhawn street, Holmes- 
 burg, is granted in an ordinance introduced 
 in Common Council yesterday by Peter E. 
 Costello, of the 45th Ward. 
 
 Asserting that he had introduced the bill 
 upon his own volition, Mr. Costello said 
 that he did not even know whether it em- 
 braced the recommendations made by Di- 
 rector of City Transit Taylor for such a 
 road. The people in the northeast want it, 
 he said, and are certain that it will be a pay- 
 ing proposition. Republican Organization 
 leaders are understood to be behind the 
 measure. The bill relegates Director Tay- 
 lor to second place in approval of the plans 
 
 for the project. It provides that work shall 
 be started within six months after the 
 plans have been approved by the " Depart- 
 ments of Public Works and of City Transit." 
 
 Attention was called to the fact that the 
 Costello ordinance, by clearing the way for 
 the Philadelphia Rapid Transit to accept a 
 Northeast "L" proposition by itself, might 
 seriously hamper the projects of Director 
 Taylor by eliminating one of the main fea- 
 tiu-es in the Taylor plans, which contem- 
 plate the new high-speed system as a unit. 
 The deep significance of the ordinance, 
 councilmanic observers said, lay in this fact. 
 
 In accordance with the agreement be- 
 tween the city and the Rapid Transit Com- 
 pany, the latter has first refusal of the 
 franchise. If within 90 days after passage 
 of the ordinance that company does not 
 indicate acceptance or rejection, the Mayor 
 shall, by public advertisement, request 
 tenders for the construction of the elevated 
 and report the same to Councils, "to the 
 end that the said new company or the city 
 of Philadelphia may proceed with the con- 
 struction of the same." 
 
 The company submitting the successful 
 tender is given six months within which to 
 present complete plans for approval to the 
 Departments of Public Works and of City 
 Transit. Within six months after approval 
 of such plans actual work of construction 
 must be started. 
 
 In consideration of the franchise the 
 company is to pay to the city 10 per cent, 
 of its net profits in cash before any divi- 
 dends are paid. The rate of fare is not to 
 exceed 5 cents for a continuous ride. 
 
 The road throughout is to have an over- 
 head clearance of 14 feet above street 
 grades. From Front and Arch streets to 
 Frankford, the Costello route is declared 
 to be the same as that laid down by Di- 
 rector Taylor. 
 
 As provided in the ordinance, the route 
 of the road is to be from Front and Arch 
 streets, along Front street to Kensing- 
 ton avenue, along Kensington avenue to 
 Frankford avenue, along Frankford avenue 
 to Rhawn street. 
 
 Stations are to be established at Front 
 and Arch streets, at Noble street, Girard 
 
ii8 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 avenue and Berks street; along Kensing- 
 ton avenue between Somerset and Cam- 
 bria streets, between Allegheny avenue and 
 Westmoreland street and at or near Tioga 
 and Adams streets; along Frankford avenue 
 at Unity, Arrott, Bridge, Comly, Tyson 
 and Rhawn streets. 
 
 The road is to be operated by electricity 
 or any power other than steam. The ordi- 
 nance was referred to the Committee on 
 Street Railways, of which Charles Seger is 
 chairman and Mr. Costello a member. 
 
 The announcement that an ordinance 
 had been introduced for the construction 
 of the Frankford elevated was a complete 
 surprise to Director of Transit Taylor. He 
 so told the audience he addressed last night 
 at a mass-meeting in Tioga. He refused to 
 discuss the matter at any length. 
 
 "After I carefully study that ordinance," 
 he said, "and learn more about it, I will 
 make a public statement. That will be to- 
 morrow afternoon." 
 
 A resolution introduced by Select Coun- 
 cilman Harry J. Trainer, to grant permis- 
 sion for the use of the south side of Pier 16, 
 South, for loading supplies by the Ameri- 
 can Commission for Relief in Belgium, was 
 passed. 
 
 An ordinance for a "curb market" on 
 Marshall street, between Brown and Par- 
 rish streets, also was passed. 
 
 A resolution providing for the extension 
 of the Greenmount Cemetery, which re- 
 cently passed Common Council, was ob- 
 jected to by William R. Rieber and, on 
 motion of Louis Hutt, of the 29th Ward, 
 was laid on the table. 
 
 A resolution was passed providing for 
 the extension of Fairmount Park by the 
 addition of a plot of ground at Ritten- 
 house street and Wissahickon avenue. 
 
 Resolutions were introduced providing 
 for the appropriation of $26,000 for a bridge 
 on Sherwood avenue over the east branch 
 of Indian Run; for the opening of Beulah 
 street from Shunk street to Oregon avenue, 
 and Charles street from Bridge to Harrison 
 streets; for an appropriation of $6500 for 
 the improvement of Connell Park; for the 
 opening of a playground and recreation 
 centre between Frankford and Erie avenues. 
 
 Venango street and the Pennsylvania rail- 
 road; and for $12,000 for the purchase of a 
 Delaware wharf property on the south side 
 of Pine street. 
 
 A communication was received from the 
 East Germantown Improvement Associa- 
 tion, calling attention to the dangerous 
 condition existing along York road by rea- 
 son of the absence of properly paved side- 
 walks, and urging better police protection. 
 A letter also was received from Judge Bar- 
 ratt, urging that the Sons of the Revolution 
 be permitted to erect a bronze tablet to the 
 memory of John Nixon in Independence 
 Square. 
 
 A plea also was received from the Mu- 
 tual Beneficial and Protective Association 
 of the Bureau of Water, requesting a 15 per 
 cent, increase in salaries for employes now 
 getting $1400 a year or less. 
 
 Select Councilman George T. Conrade, 
 of the 5th Ward, introduced a resolution 
 granting the use of Washington Square for 
 the proposed "mongrel" or "yellow dog" 
 show, to be held on December 19. 
 
 (2) 
 
 Philadephia Ledger 
 
 (Abridged) 
 
 Opposition to Councilman Peter E. Cos- 
 tello's ordinance proposing the early con- 
 struction of an elevated railroad to Frank- 
 ford, with the Philadelphia Rapid Transit 
 Company receiving first preference as a 
 building and operating company, was 
 sounded yesterday by prominent council- 
 manic leaders. Republican Organization 
 colleagues of Mr. Costello. 
 
 In a joint statement setting forth that 
 they had no knowledge of the Costello ordi- 
 nance previous to its introduction last 
 Thursday, Charles Seger, chairman of 
 Councils' Joint Committee on Street Rail- 
 ways, and John P. Connelly, chairman 
 of Councils' Finance Committee, declared 
 themselves opposed to any ordinance which 
 does not embrace transit facilities "on a 
 broad basis" for the entire city. 
 
 At the same time Director of City Tran- 
 sit A. Merritt Taylor, after an analysis of 
 the Costello bill, issued a statement de- 
 
INVESTIGATIONS, LEGISLATION, AND MEETINGS 119 
 
 daring that the passage of such an ordi- 
 nance would be "an unthinkable betrayal 
 of a public trust," in that it would serve to 
 defeat the plan of the department to con- 
 nect every important section of the city 
 with every other important section by 
 high-speed lines for a single 5-cent fare. To 
 hand over to any corporation at this junc- 
 ture the Frankford " L, " said Director Tay- 
 lor, would be to "give away the most effec- 
 tive lever which the people have to secure 
 adequate rapid transit for Philadelphia." 
 
 Protest against the Costello plan was 
 forthcoming from many sections of the city 
 in letters, in telephone messages and in 
 visits to Director Taylor from delegations 
 of citizens. The Philadelphia Navy Yard 
 led the way by sending a delegation, headed 
 by G. H. Wilhams, chairman of the League 
 Island Improvement Association, who de- 
 clared against a "one-legged proposition 
 of any kind" and in favor of transit de- 
 velopment for all Philadelphia. This del- 
 egation pointed out that Costello 's bill 
 contained no provision for transfers from 
 the Frankford "L" and Market street 
 "L" to Navy Yard lines, making neces- 
 sary two 5-cent fares rather than the single 
 5-cent fare proposed under the Taylor 
 plan. 
 
 Adherents of the Taylor plan pointed out 
 that the CosteUo ordinance provided for 
 extension of the Frankford elevated from 
 Bridge street, Frankford, the northern 
 terminal of the Taylor elevated, to Rhawn 
 street, in Holmesburg. This, it was pointed 
 out, was a projection three miles long 
 through an undeveloped territory, which, 
 however, contains choice building lots now 
 held by realty corporations and private 
 owners. 
 
 In the face of all the protest, Council- 
 man Costello aimounced that Frankford, 
 with one-third of the entire population of 
 the city, was entitled to first consideration 
 in transit development, and that it had 
 been trying to get better facilities for 25 
 years. He said he was not considering the 
 needs of Darby, Logan or any other section 
 of the city. He did not care whether the 
 Rapid Transit Company or an independ- 
 ent concern built and operated the line. 
 
 Further, he had consulted no one in draft- 
 ing his ordinance. 
 
 MEDICAL CONVENTION 
 
 New York Times 
 
 The man isn't born who can tell a lie 
 tmder the close observation of physiologi- 
 cal experts without an increase in the pres- 
 sure of the blood, according to a statement 
 made by Dr. Louisa Burns of the A. T. 
 StUl Research Institute of Chicago, at the 
 final meeting of the sixteenth Annual Con- 
 vention of the New York Osteopathic So- 
 ciety, yesterday afternoon, at the Park 
 Avenue Hotel, Park Avenue and Thirty- 
 third Street. Dr. Burns has drawn her 
 conclusions from a long series of experi- 
 ments, conducted in her laboratory. 
 
 It was pointed out to the three hundred 
 osteopaths by Dr. Burns that any habit- 
 ual liar could tell an untruth without be- 
 traying the shghtest sign of deceit in the 
 expression of his face or in the movement 
 of his body. But the action of the pulse, 
 she said, was far beyond the control even of 
 the best liar. She explained that this was so 
 because the pulse or pressure of the blood 
 was influenced chiefly by the change of 
 emotions, and the most finished liars, she 
 observed, had sometimes the strongest 
 emotions. 
 
 "The action of the blood pressure is an 
 indicator to the person who is accustomed 
 to work with it. By watching it you are 
 able to get the true history of a case, even 
 in spite of the reticence of the patient, in 
 the same way in which you are able to find 
 a hidden object in the game of hide and 
 seek, when your search is guided toward 
 that hidden thing by the warning, ' You're 
 getting hot,' and away from it by the 
 counter warning, 'You're getting cold.' 
 
 "When a patient comes to my oflBce I 
 always find it is better to work with him 
 as he lies on a table. In order to avoid dis- 
 tracting his attention, it is better to sit 
 quietly beside him rather than stand over 
 him. He is engaged in a conversation at 
 first simply about the nature of his com- 
 plaint. Meanwhile I have found his pulse, 
 
120 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 and as the conversation progresses, the 
 patient soon forgets that his pulse is the one 
 thing under observation. If the patient is 
 asked about a certain thing which may 
 have been true of his case, he will confirm 
 your guess by the action of his pulse, even 
 though he may evade your question. If he 
 is trying to keep from disclosing this fact 
 to you, the pressure of his blood will in- 
 evitably be increased." 
 
 Dr. Burns said that she was certain she 
 could take a witness in a criminal case and 
 find out absolutely to her own satisfaction 
 whether he was telling the truth or lying. 
 However, she would be unwilling to give 
 testimony this way for conviction. Asked if 
 a man of low mentality responded differently 
 in the pressure of his blood from a man of 
 higher mentality, Dr. Burns explained that 
 he did, yet the truth and the lie were as 
 easily distinguishable in one as in the other. 
 
 The management of pneumonia, scarlet 
 fever, and typhoid fever with technique 
 was discussed by E. C. Link, D. O., Stam- 
 ford, Conn.; G. V. Webster, D. O., Carth- 
 age; J. A. De Tienne, D. O., Brooklyn, and 
 J. E. Foster, D. O., Butler, Penn. "Osteo- 
 pathy and Acute Conditions," was the 
 subject of a paper by Dr. George M. 
 Laughhn, M. S. D., D. O., of the American 
 School of Osteopathy. 
 
 These were elected officers of the so- 
 ciety: W. A. Merkley, D. O., Brooklyn, 
 President; Louisa Dieckmann, D. O., Buf- 
 falo, Vice President; C. M. Bancroft, D. O., 
 Canandaigua, Secretary, and Cecil Rogers, 
 D. O., New York, Treasurer. 
 
 MEETING OF SAFETY COUNCIL 
 Chicago Herald 
 
 There is one railroad company in the 
 United States that has solved the difficulty 
 presented by boys who delight in "ffip- 
 ping" cars and "milling" locomotive tvu-n- 
 tables at considerable risk to life and 
 limbs. 
 
 The remedy? Bribery, nothing less. 
 Nicely embossed "Safety First" buttons, 
 or, as a last and never failing resort, a 
 swimming pool near the round-hoxise. 
 
 This revelation of latest railroad safety 
 methods was made yesterday at the closing 
 session of the third annual congress of the 
 national council for industrial safety at the 
 Hotel LaSalle, by W. B. Spaulding of St. 
 Louis, chairman of the central safety com- 
 mittee of the Frisco System. 
 
 "Every railroad has trouble with boys 
 who 'hop' and 'flip' trains and play with 
 the turntables," said he. "I am glad to be 
 able to report that the Frisco road has 
 solved the problem with success, so far as we 
 are concerned. We awarded 'Safety' but- 
 tons to those who swore off on these juve- 
 nile pastimes, and when that failed, we in- 
 stalled swimming pools near the round- 
 houses, under railroad supervision. 
 
 "The swimming pool never has failed 
 to work. All that is necessary to steer a 
 boy away from dangerous pastimes is to 
 provide a sane outlet for his excess energy," 
 
 The 500 members of the council, rep- 
 resenting more than 1,000,000 working- 
 men throughout the United States and 
 covering almost every line of industrial 
 endeavor, unanimously adopted resolu- 
 tions against the use of alcohol, in part as 
 follows: 
 
 "It is recognized that the use of alco- 
 holic stimulants is productive of most in- 
 dustrial accidents and works against the 
 safety and efficiency of workmen. 
 
 "Therefore, be it resolved. That it is the 
 sense of this congress that the members 
 pledge themselves to the elimination of the 
 use of alcoholic stimulants among the em- 
 ployes of their plants and factories." 
 
 M. A. Dow, general safety agent of the 
 New York Central lines, thought "the pub- 
 lic must be educated to believe that a rail- 
 road's safety rules are for their benefit, 
 rather than to save the company damage 
 suits." As evidence of the progress of the 
 "safety first" propaganda, he cited fig- 
 ures of his company showing that for the 
 year ending June 30, 1914, there had been 
 109 fewer deaths from accidents and 132 
 fewer injuries. 
 
 The inculcation of accident prevention 
 should start in the kindergarten and con- 
 tinue through high school and college, in the 
 opinion of Martin J. Insull, vice president 
 
INVESTIGATIONS, LEGISLATION, AND MEETINGS 121 
 
 of the Middle West Utilities Company, 
 Chicago. 
 
 "The public's extravagant disregard for 
 the value of its safety is shown during the 
 automobile season, when our papers con- 
 stantly report terrible accidents invariably 
 caused by suicidal carelessness," said he. 
 
 Melville W. Mix, president of the Dodge 
 Manufacturing Company, Mishawaka, 
 Ind., and head of the manufacturers' bu- 
 reau of that state, placed the blame for 75 
 per cent of factory accidents on the dis- 
 interested and indifferent attitude of the 
 employer toward his employe. 
 
 "Safety first is not a philanthropic 
 movement on the part of employer to em- 
 ploye," said he. "Safety first is a hard 
 practicality of business extension. That 
 seems a hard statement, but it is not with- 
 out its qualifications, as there is a blood- 
 and-soul side of every phase of business 
 life. 
 
 "We see wealthy magnates lay fabulous 
 sums at the disposal of a world peace tri- 
 bunal, and we see in what short space of 
 time the martial strength of a continent 
 may apparently forget the life-conserving 
 principles to which they have subscribed. 
 Do we see any such enthusiasm in the 
 cause of commercial or industrial safety? 
 Is the blood spilled at the lathe, the forge, 
 the throttle or the grade crossing less red, 
 less valuable than that shed on fields of 
 battle?" 
 
 RAILWAY COMMISSIONS' 
 CONVENTION 
 
 Madison [Wis.] Democrat 
 
 WASHINGTON, Nov. 17. — "More 
 deaths are caused by improper ventilation 
 of train coaches and waiting rooms than by 
 train accidents." 
 
 The committee on railway service and 
 railway accommodations so reported to the 
 annual convention of the national associa- 
 tion of railway commissions today. 
 
 "The noxious gases that fill coaches, 
 especially sleeping cars, in connection with 
 the peculiar character of dust therein, are 
 most conducive to germ breeding where 
 
 proper ventilation is lacking," the com- 
 mittee added. 
 
 In regard to the lighting of railway 
 coaches, the committee said that this prob- 
 lem has been fairly satisfactorily solved on 
 the trunk lines, but that on many branch 
 lines the dingy, dirty oil lamp is still in 
 evidence. A vigorous campaign against this 
 condition is recommended. 
 
 Carelessness in providing drinking water 
 at stations and on trains is noted, and it is 
 recommended that railroad commissions 
 abolish the stationary water cooler and 
 prescribe a cooler with a portable con- 
 tainer. Uniform methods of cleansing such 
 containers, sanitary methods of handling 
 ice, and sanitary drinking cups, to be pro- 
 vided free of charge for the public are also 
 recommended and the placing of ice in the 
 receptacle is deprecated. 
 
 The failure of suburban trains to arrive 
 and depart on time is the cause of wide 
 complaint, says the committee. Another 
 source of complaint is the lack of adequate 
 service on Sundays. The committee be- 
 lieves that at least one train should operate 
 in each direction as a minimum Sunday 
 service. 
 
 The committee recommends the elimina- 
 tion of the practice of paying freight bills 
 carrying manifest over charges. Delays in 
 handhng and setthng claims are also com- 
 plained of, and the committee concludes 
 that the best means of minimizing such 
 delays is to require the railroads to pay in- 
 terest on the true claim amount from the 
 date the amount of the claim went into 
 their hands. 
 
 On the question of substitution of steel 
 for wooden cars, the committee recom- 
 mends that the interstate commerce com- 
 mission be given full power to prescribe the 
 character of equipment to be used in inter- 
 state commerce. 
 
 CLUB VOTES TO DISBAND 
 Ohio State Journal 
 
 The Social Workers' Club is dead. 
 The end came peacefully at 10:10 last 
 evening, after a protracted period of wast- 
 
122 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 ing away. The immediate friends of the de- 
 ceased were present at the last. 
 
 While a divergency of opinion existed 
 among those called in to treat the patient, 
 a majority seemed to feel that the demise 
 was due to malnutrition and faulty assimila- 
 tion. It was felt that the Social Workers' 
 Club had failed to take its own medicine — 
 it was not social. 
 
 At a consultation held last evening at the 
 Y. M. C. A. 30 persons were present. They 
 had appeared out of a list of 78 who had 
 been advised that the end was near. The 
 main question was whether digitalis and 
 oxj'gen should be administered, or whether 
 nature should be allowed to take its apparent 
 course, unhindered. On a roll call six voted 
 to let it die. Four voted for resuscitation. 
 The remaining 20 did not care enough to 
 vote, or were animated by high humani- 
 tarian motives which forbade holding out 
 hope to a doomed patient. 
 
 The Social Workers' Club was born 
 about five years ago. It was a healthy 
 infant at first, with strong pulse and regu- 
 lar respiration, and took nourishment regu- 
 larly once a month. Social ex-perts from all 
 over the country came and told it how to 
 get along. It passed through its second 
 summer and teething period without seri- 
 ous disorder. The third year it showed a 
 difficulty in digesting all that it heard. 
 Under treatment this disorder did not dis- 
 appear, but seemed rather to augment. 
 A series of special dinners drained its vital- 
 ity to the lowest ebb. 
 
 One of the reasons advanced for this 
 condition last night was that the family 
 income was not sufficient to support the 
 child as it required, two other children, the 
 Council of Churches and the Philanthropic 
 Council, having divided the natural re- 
 sources. 
 
 Miss Blanche Green prescribed a treat- 
 ment of play, but it did not meet with gen- 
 eral approval. She said it wasn't Gowdy 
 that brought people down town last night, 
 but just a desire to play. She confessed to 
 an occasional desire for a game of mumbly- 
 peg. "Social workers, who are trying to 
 reform the world, have forgotten how to be 
 social," she said. 
 
 Rev. H. W. March was inclined to the 
 behef that the treatment had been regular 
 and academic throughout. He thought that 
 if the patient had to die, no criticism could 
 lie against those who attended in its last 
 hours. Prof. H. R. Horton was inclined to 
 adopt the Green diagnosis, but thought a 
 return to the treatment administered dur- 
 ing the first two years might prolong Ufe. 
 
 The other children, the Council of 
 Churches and the Philanthropic Council, 
 survive, and kind-hearted neighbors will 
 look after them until they adjust them- 
 selves to the new condition of things. 
 
 OLD CLOTHES MEN'S MEETING 
 New York Sun 
 
 Around the comer from the weather- 
 beaten Church of the Sea and Land in 
 Henry street yesterday afternoon there 
 was a buzzing of voices which grew in time 
 to a loud and angry chorus and drew all the 
 children of the quarter. The children 
 thought there was a fight, but the police- 
 man who was passing the time of day with 
 a caf4 keeper whose name ended in "opou- 
 los," knew better, grinned and went on 
 about his business. 
 
 The old clothes dealers, whose profit lies 
 in shambling through the better residence 
 streets in the early morning and shattering 
 the quiet with their singsong appeals for 
 trade, were meeting to denounce Gen. 
 Bingham, Commissioner of Pohce. Since 
 last Monday, when the police muffled the 
 strident voices of the "cash-for-clo"' men 
 as a consequence of his belief that there was 
 entirely too much unnecessary noise in this 
 to-v\Ti, the dealers have accumulated bit- 
 terness in their insides. 
 
 Therefore j^esterday afternoon in the 
 hall at 49 Henry street they howled their 
 woes against the walls and let out pent up 
 sounds. Principally, it appeared, their 
 wTath was directed against the Pohce 
 Commissioner. He was a tyrant. He was a 
 czar. He was several distinct and whoUy 
 different kinds of things which could only 
 be expressed in Yiddish. English was quite 
 unequal to their necessities. But the aris- 
 
INVESTIGATIONS, LEGISLATION, AND MEETINGS 123 
 
 tocrats of their trade who gabble at the 
 comer of Bayard and Elizabeth streets 
 came in for full scorn. Why were these al- 
 lowed to buy and sell with appropriate 
 outcries and calls when the itinerant pedlers 
 were muzzled by the law? 
 
 At Bayard and Elizabeth streets is the 
 great old clothes exchange of New York 
 city — of the whole country, for that mat- 
 ter — where any day in the week you will 
 find in the open street several hundred 
 old and bearded men, with green frock 
 coats that sweep to their knees, deaUng in 
 cast oflf garments and shoes. The Jewish 
 women of the East Side, thrifty souls, go 
 there to trade cloth, ironware, dishes, rib- 
 bons, anything they can spare, for hats or 
 coats or trousers or shoes that their men 
 might wear. Old clothes brokers from the 
 South — as far south as Atlanta — haggle 
 with the dealers of the East Side, and take 
 back to their homes great packs of clothes 
 bought cheap in money, dear in words. 
 
 It was the complaint of the Old Clothes 
 Dealers' Protective Association, the itin- 
 erant pedlers, that the poUce mandate 
 against noise has not been applied to the 
 market place at Bayard and Elizabeth 
 streets. 
 
 The voice of Ikey Cohen, veteran 
 hawker, rumbled toward old Jacob Jahr, 
 president of the association, who sat high 
 on the rostrum, high hat over his ears, 
 pulling at his gray streaked beard, and lost 
 itself in the recesses behind a great seven 
 branched candlestick. 
 
 "No more I must gif my calls," he com- 
 plained with outspread hands. " If so much 
 as I gry, 'Gaaaa-ssh! 01' Clo's. Gaaaa- 
 ssh!' a bolisman he koms from Bingham 
 and grabs my arm by him and he says, 
 ' Gut id owid! If you make a holler you'll be 
 peenched ! " ' [Applause . ] 
 
 And all around the long room, a place of 
 prayer and meditation on the Jewish Sab- 
 bath, the men nodded their heads solemnly 
 grunting in their beards, saying in Yid- 
 dish: 
 
 " Truly, that is the way we have found it. 
 How is a citizen to prosper in these days, 
 I ask you, my friend?" 
 
 Old Louis Stein, pedler for twenty-five 
 
 years, and reputed to be rich, orated in 
 English after his own fashion. 
 
 " Der city it owes us a liffing? Say you 
 so? Veil, then. How vill beoples know vat 
 we vant unless ve make cries? Uddervise, 
 ve might as well chump in der river! Ledt 
 us write to Bresident Roosevelt! He vill 
 tell Mister Bingham [very scornfully was 
 this said] where to make a gedt off!" [More 
 applause and a great stamping on the 
 floor.] 
 
 Along toward evening, when the meeting 
 of the 400 old clothes pedlers had run for 
 three hours, and nearly everybody had had 
 a say, most of them comparing New York 
 to St. Petersburg, the advantage lying en- 
 tirely with the latter capital, they decided 
 to send a delegation to Commissioner 
 Bingham to-day to beg that they be per- 
 mitted once more to seek trade with their 
 tongues. They agreed among themselves 
 to call very softly, only twice or three times 
 in any street, if the General would permit 
 them to open their mouths. Also, they in- 
 tend to ask that the permanent exchange 
 at Bayard and Elizabeth streets be muffled 
 if they are to be kept quiet. 
 
 The House and Wagon Pedlers' Asso- 
 ciation, which takes in all the fruit and 
 vegetable venders, met last night at 304 
 East 101st street and decided to send a 
 committee of their own to the Commis- 
 sioner. They, as well as the old clothes 
 merchants, said that business has fallen 
 off at least 50 per cent, since the anti-noise 
 order was put into effect. 
 
 FRIENDS' ANNUAL MEETING 
 
 New York Evening Post 
 
 "If it does not seem like hurrying our 
 business," said the clerk of the meeting, 
 "we will now hear read the letter from the 
 Philadelphia Meeting." And the soft still- 
 ness of the Yearly Meeting in the old 
 Friends' Meeting House on Fifteenth 
 Street, softened into even greater stillness 
 and quiet, to listen. The voice of the clerk, 
 his grave, slow courtesy, and his wish for no 
 unseemly haste, were in perfect blending 
 with the old, buff room Lighted only through 
 
124 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 the great, square-paned windows below and 
 above the gallery, through which the green 
 of the old trees in the yard could be seen, in 
 perfect harmony with the gentle, kiadly, 
 gracious spirit of the people gathered there, 
 for communion with one another. 
 
 " Let us miss no opportunity of express- 
 ing the love we feel one for another, one 
 for another," said one of the eight women 
 who sat on the facing seats, an old lady 
 with silvery hair under her black bonnet. 
 The words, "one for another" might have 
 been the text of the morning, not alone of 
 the woman who first spoke them, but of all 
 the words which were said. 
 
 Another woman spoke. She was an Eng- 
 lish woman who, with her husband, rep- 
 resented the London Meeting. "Why do 
 we not have a crusade for love?" she asked. 
 "War goes on, and we do nothing about it. 
 If this love which we have in our hearts 
 could be irradiated about the world, war 
 could not be possible. Thoughts of love, if 
 sent out by us steadily and consistently, 
 must reach to the ends of the earth, as the 
 ripples which a stone makes in a pool." 
 
 But the war was little touched upon. 
 That, with almost all of the more impor- 
 tant business of the meeting, will be taken 
 up in the later meetings this afternoon, to- 
 night, Wednesday afternoon, and Tuesday, 
 Wednesday, and Thursday evenings. This 
 morning was held apart almost entirely for 
 the text "One for another." 
 
 It could almost have been a coimtry 
 meeting. The old, square, red-brick build- 
 ing on 15th Street hears little of the noise 
 of the city. This morning there was little 
 sound but the stirring of raindrops on the 
 panes. And the unhurried, quiet time was 
 given up to greetings and welcomes, mes- 
 sages to those who could not come, the 
 reading of messages from Friends in other 
 places, and slow emphasis on the kindly 
 details of their fellowship one for another. 
 
 The meeting was opened when the eight 
 women and the five men had taken their 
 places on the facing seats and exchanged 
 their silent handclasps, with which also 
 the meeting closes. They were, truly, the 
 elders of this house, the ones who can re- 
 member farthest back into the times when 
 
 all the women, and not just three or four, 
 wore close Quaker bonnets. A tiny woman 
 in gray rose twice from her facing place to 
 confirm what had been said. Some one had 
 greeted the members of the London Meet- 
 ing and recalled her own warm welcome at 
 that meeting many years ago. The little 
 old woman rose swiftly, and, looking down 
 at the Enghsh people, said, with infinite 
 dignity and sweetness in her voice, "We 
 are very glad to have these Friends with 
 us. I also remember the very cordial wel- 
 come I received from the London Meeting." 
 The very slow, quiet words had the sound 
 of deep ceremony, of the conferring of great 
 and unforgettable honor upon these visitors 
 from another country. 
 
 There was a prayer for strength "to 
 partake of Thy Spirit," a poem read which 
 said, "Has the Gospel of Peace then failed 
 us. That such a thing can be?" and many 
 suggestions concerning appreciations, sym- 
 pathies, letters, to be sent. Resolutions, 
 called minutes, were gently put, and a soft 
 voice would come from somewhere, saying, 
 "I should approve that," followed by a 
 chorus of "So should I." 
 
 In the Gymnasium are the old books, 
 the record of the things which the oldest 
 Friends remember, and of things which 
 happened so far back in the j^ears that May 
 was spoken of as Third Month instead of 
 Fifth. This was in the oldest book of them 
 all, unbound until recently, with yellowed, 
 stained, finely written pages, the "Paper of 
 Advice" sent by George Fox to the Quakers 
 of Long Island. It was brought there by 
 John Burnyeat on the twenty-ninth day 
 of the then third month, 1671. Records of 
 aU births, deaths, marriages, removals, 
 are here since 1672, long before other de- 
 nominations or governments began to keep 
 such close watch of statistics. For birth- 
 right membership is the very basis of the 
 old faith, the heritage which comes down 
 from father to son through the centuries 
 and which keeps the bonds so close that 
 bind the families and the friends of Friends, 
 one to another. 
 
 Out in the meeting-room, with the sight 
 of the leaves and a red brick wall outside 
 the high windows, there is little to make 
 
INVESTIGATIONS, LEGISLATION, AND MEETINGS 125 
 
 one know that the old yellow leaves were 
 written so very long ago, after all. Per- 
 haps in those old days there were no white 
 and purple lilacs in the front of the room 
 to nod and drowse and sweeten through the 
 long hours. Perhaps then there was not so 
 much true kindliness as has come with the 
 years of Friendliness. To-day, when one of 
 
 the oldest women rises from her place to 
 speak, an old man says gently, "Eliza- 
 beth, thee need not rise to speak unless thee 
 prefer." He might not have done that in 
 the old days, but surely her answer would 
 have been the same, " Thank thee, Charles, 
 but I prefer to stand when I speak," with 
 just a hint of reproof in her tone. 
 
CHAPTER VII 
 
 SPEECHES, INTERVIEWS, AND REPORTS 
 
 Type of story. Speeches, lectures, addresses, and sermons may be con- 
 sidered in the same class with inter\'iews and reports, because all are alike 
 in being some form of utterance. Hence news stories of them consist largely 
 of reproductions of the words and ideas of some person. A speech and a 
 report differ only in the fact that one is spoken and the other is written. 
 An interview, likewise, may be regarded as an informal address delivered 
 to an audience of one. When an interview is given in question and answer 
 form, it resembles cross-examination in a court story more than it does a 
 speech. 
 
 As reproductions of utterances, news stories of speeches and reports must 
 be largely informative. Except for an occasional opportunity to describe 
 the speaker or the audience, they offer practically no field for human interest 
 development. In interviews, on the other hand, it is possible to bring out 
 the human interest element in portraying the character and personality of 
 the person interviewed (cf. "Interview," p. 135). Otherwise interviews, hke 
 speeches and reports, are largely informative (cf. "Interview with Official," 
 p. 133). 
 
 Purpose. To reproduce as accurately as possible the ideas expressed by a 
 speaker, by a person interviewed, or by the author of a report is obviously 
 the only object in writing a news story dealing with such material. Four 
 common faults that endanger the accuracy of news stories of this type are 
 carelessness in taking down what is said, the pla3dng up of statements that 
 taken from their context are misleading, unintentional distortion due to 
 giving disproportionate space or emphasis to some points, and misrepresenta- 
 tion because of political partisanship or other bias. All quotation, direct or 
 indirect, should be accurate not only in substance and form but also in 
 spirit. A statement taken verbatim from a speech, interview, or report, may 
 be played up in the lead in such a way that it does not give the actual thought 
 or purpose of the original. By confining his news story to only one or two 
 phases of the subject discussed, a writer often gives an erroneous impression 
 of the whole speech. Distortion and suppression of speeches, interviews, or 
 reports because of pohtical or other bias is indefensible. 
 
SPEECHES, INTERVIEWS, AND REPORTS 
 
 127 
 
 Treatment. Since news stories of this class must consist largely of direct 
 and indirect quotation from an utterance, the problem of presenting news 
 of this kind is usually that of condensing, summarizing, and combining dif- 
 ferent parts of the available material into a unified, coherent whole. This 
 requires effort and skill. 
 
 In writing up interviews and speeches the reporter has a chance to por- 
 tray clearly and attractively the speaker and the circumstances, thus stimu- 
 lating the reader's interest in the utterance (cf. ''Interview," p. 136). As 
 the purpose of an interview is to present the ideas of the person interviewed, 
 the reporter's questions, which are a necessary means of obtaining an ex- 
 pression of these ideas, are suppressed in many stories. In other stories, the 
 questions are embodied in the answers or are repeated by the person inter- 
 viewed. There is a growing tendency, particularly in signed stories of inter- 
 views, to give the reporter's questions. 
 
 SPEECH 
 
 Kansas City Star 
 
 Switzerland is a haven of peace in a 
 weary waste of war. Why? Charles H. 
 Grasty answered that question Wednes- 
 day in his address before the City Club. 
 It is because Switzerland, a valorous David, 
 inspires respect from the Goliaths that 
 surround the little republic. And Switzer- 
 land has said that it would defend its neu- 
 trality with all its strength. 
 
 Switzerland is the best equipped for 
 fighting — size considered — of all the na- 
 tions. Every man from 20 to 48 is a trained 
 soldier. Those who are unable physically 
 to qualify are formed into trade and pro- 
 fessional groups and are available for sup- 
 plementing the work of the army. 
 
 The system is compulsory, but it is also 
 a voluntary system, since it was installed 
 by the direct vote. The people of Switzer- 
 land decided that they were free citizens 
 of a free republic, and that it was their 
 duty to keep it a free country. Every man 
 is more than willing to do his bit, and the 
 service is held in such high respect that 
 bankrupts and criminals are denied the 
 privilege of taking part in the national 
 defense. Instead, they are required to pay 
 a special tax in lieu of service. 
 
 It is surprising how little time each man 
 is required to contribute to the army. He 
 enlists at 20, and that year he spends from 
 sixty to ninety days in training, according 
 to the branch of the service to which he is 
 attached. 
 
 From then on he spends two weeks a 
 year, for a period of years, in brushing up 
 the military knowledge he gained and in 
 acquiring new training. That is all. There 
 is no rigid system that compels him to 
 give up from two to five of his most fruit- 
 ful years to service with the colors. It's 
 a free man's system, conducted by free 
 men. 
 
 The system begins in the public schools, 
 where every boy is compelled to take ath- 
 letic training. Several hours a week are 
 spent teaching the youngsters military sub- 
 jects, so that when the boy reaches his 
 twentieth year he is a piece of fine timber. 
 His body is strong, and he has some knowl- 
 edge of what discipline means. Every boy 
 gets the preliminary training, even in the 
 private schools. 
 
 At 20 he enUsts in the "elite" or first 
 line. For two or three months he receives 
 intensive training. They make real work of 
 it while it lasts, but they are over with it 
 quickly. 
 
 The rudiments of military life are drilled 
 
128 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 into the new recruits without any waste of 
 time or money. 
 
 Soldiers and corporals, after the first 
 year, go back every year for two weeks' 
 training until they are 27 years old, and 
 then they are through, except for a final 
 training trip when they enter the second 
 line division, which begins at the age of 33. 
 Noncommissioned officers and subalterns 
 go back every year during their first line 
 service, and once every four years in the 
 second line service, which lasts until the 
 age of 41. From 41 to 48 years is the age 
 division for the third Une. 
 
 Officers are not appointed through civil 
 authorities but are selected for merit and 
 by examination after they have completed 
 the special courses offered by the govern- 
 ment for those who desire commissions. 
 The officers give more time to their studies 
 than the privates, and they assemble quite 
 often for war games and tactical discus- 
 sions. 
 
 That is aU there is to the system. There 
 is no standing army, no military class, no 
 terrible burdens of taxation. There is a 
 general staff, a few officers to look after the 
 detaUs of recruiting and a number of in- 
 structors — less than two thousand men in 
 all who are connected permanently with 
 the army. 
 
 Yet in 1912 a fighting force of 490,430 
 men was available out of a total popula- 
 tion of 4 million. The expense of the whole 
 system that year was $8,229,941, or $16.77 
 a man. 
 
 In the United States in 1913 94 miUion 
 dollars was spent on the army — ten times 
 and more above what Switzerland spent 
 — and all it paid for was a scant ninety 
 thousand fighting men. An army less than 
 one-fifth as large as Switzerland's cost more 
 than ten times as much. 
 
 As an economic proposition it would ap- 
 pear that compulsory service was a better 
 bargain in defense than the American sys- 
 tem as it exists today. 
 
 The strong point of the Swiss system is 
 that it renders every man available for 
 defense without imposing a burdensome 
 tax on the country. The Swiss citizen be- 
 comes an actual, tangible part of his coun- 
 
 try. He takes pride in the citizen army, and 
 in many cases the government fosters semi- 
 official societies that aim to give additional 
 training to those who care for it. 
 
 The beautiful thing about the Swiss 
 plan is that it works. Surrounded by 
 thundering cannon, Switzerland is at 
 peace. 
 
 Note — Following the lead given below was 
 a verbatim report of the speech. 
 
 SPEECH 
 
 New York Times 
 
 Strict neutrality, extreme caution in the 
 publication of unconfirmed news, and 
 "America first" were the keynotes of a 
 speech by President Wilson that aroused 
 great enthusiasm among newspaper editors 
 and publishers from all parts of the country 
 at the limcheon of The Associated Press at 
 the Waldorf-Astoria yesterday. 
 
 Each telling point the President made in 
 his speech, every word of which he seemed 
 to weigh before uttering, was applauded 
 by the audience of more than 300 at the 
 tables and by a gallery of about 100 men 
 and women. 
 
 The importance attached to his clear 
 statement of the neutrality policy of his 
 Administration was reflected in a request 
 made by Melville E. Stone, Secretary and 
 General Manager of The Associated Press, 
 just before the Chief Magistrate was in- 
 troduced, that all newspaper reports of the 
 President's speech be based on the ver- 
 batim copy to be taken by a stenographer 
 and supplied to all of the newspapers and 
 news-gathering associations represented. 
 
 Frank B. Noyes of The Washington 
 Star, President of The Associated Press, 
 praised President Wilson's masterful main- 
 taining of true neutrality, and said that the 
 President had borne his great responsi- 
 bility nobly. The applause that the lauda- 
 tory remarks received would have done 
 justice to a Democratic Nominating Con- 
 vention. All arose and drank a toast to the 
 President, and arose again when the or- 
 chestra struck up "The Star-Spangled 
 
SPEECHES, INTERVIEWS, AND REPORTS 
 
 129 
 
 Banner," and again when the President 
 stood up to speak. 
 
 In introducing President Wilson, the 
 guest of honor, Mr. Noyes made brief 
 reference to the scope of The Associated 
 Press, saying he beheved that, in scope and 
 importance, it was "the greatest co-opera- 
 tive non-profit making organization in the 
 world." Its function, he said, was to fur- 
 nish its members a service of world news 
 untainted and without bias of any sort. 
 
 "To insure this," he said, "we have 
 formed an organization that is owned and 
 controlled by its members, and by them 
 alone; one that is our servant and not our 
 master. So we are here today, Democrats 
 and Republicans; Protestants, Catholics, 
 and Jews; Conservatives and Radicals, 
 Wets and Drys; differing on every subject 
 on which men differ, but all at one in de- 
 manding that, so far as is humanly possible, 
 no trace of partisanship and no hint of prop- 
 aganda shall be found in our news reports. 
 
 "Because of its traditions and its code, 
 and perhaps also because of the never 
 ceasing watchfulness of 900 members, it 
 has come to pass that few people on earth 
 are capable of giving the management of 
 The Associated Press any points on main- 
 taining a strict, though benevolent, neu- 
 trality on all questions on which we can 
 be neutral and still be what we are- 
 loyal Americans. We know, too — none 
 better — that the genuine neutral, the 
 honest neutral, is always the target of 
 every partisan, and we find some solace 
 in the fact that this is now being demon- 
 strated to the world at large. 
 
 "Today, however, we willingly lower 
 our crest to one who has demonstrated in 
 these agonizing times his mastership of 
 the principles of true neutrality, and who, 
 fully realizing the dreadful consequences of 
 any departure from these principles, has 
 nobly borne his terrible burden of respons- 
 ibility in guarding the peace, the welfare, 
 and the dignity of our common country. 
 
 "Our distinguished guest, who so honors 
 us today, may surely know that in the per- 
 plexities and trials of these days, so black 
 for humanity, he has our thorough, loyal, 
 and affectionate support. 
 
 "God grant him success in his high aims 
 for the peaceful progress of the people of 
 the United States." 
 
 After the toast and cheers and hand- 
 clapping, the Grand Ballroom became 
 silent as the President began speaking. 
 
 SPEECH 
 
 Madison [Wis.] Democrat 
 
 WASHINGTON, Dec. 31.— The place 
 of united pan-America in the situation 
 which will confront the world at the end of 
 the European war was pictured to the Pan- 
 American Scientific Congress today by 
 Director General John Barrett of the Pan- 
 American union. 
 
 The delegates were electrified by his predic - 
 tion of an evolution of the Monroe doctrine 
 into a pan- American doctrine for a mutual 
 defense against aggression from overseas. 
 
 He defined such a doctrine as meaning 
 "that the Latin- American republics, in the 
 event that the United States were attacked 
 by a foreign foe, would, with all their phys- 
 ical and moral force, stand for the protec- 
 tion and sovereignty of the United States 
 just as quickly as the United States under 
 corresponding circumstances would stand 
 for their integrity and sovereignty." 
 
 Wherever the pan-American delegates 
 gathered the director general's declaration 
 was discussed with the greatest interest and 
 it was regarded generally as one of the out- 
 standing events of the congress, pointing 
 the way to a new pan-American unity. 
 
 "Both victor and vanquished in the 
 European war will be hostile to America 
 at the close of hostilities," said he. "The 
 former will say it won in spite of the atti- 
 tude of the United States and the other 
 American republics, and the latter will say 
 it lost because of the attitude of the United 
 States and its sister republics. 
 
 "In the mind of everybody interested in 
 pan- Americanism is the question, 'What 
 is going to happen to pan- America when 
 this war is over?' Immediately there is 
 the reply: 'The American republics must 
 stand together for the eventualities that 
 may possibly develop.' 
 
I30 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 "While everyone would deplore any 
 agitation or suggestion that a European 
 nation or a group of European nations fol- 
 lowing this struggle should undertake any 
 territorial aggrandizement in the western 
 hemisphere, or in any way take action that 
 would contravene the Monroe doctrine, it 
 must be borne in mind, and cannot be for 
 a moment overlooked, that whatever way 
 this war results there may be little or no 
 love for the United States and the other 
 nations which form pan-America. 
 
 "No matter, therefore, how just and fair 
 the nations of America have been in their 
 efforts to preserve their neutrality and in 
 no way interfere on either side of this con- 
 flict, the war passions and the war power of 
 the peoples and the governments of the 
 victorious group of nations may force a 
 policy toward pan-Americanism, toward 
 the Monroe doctrine, and toward their 
 relationship with individual countries of 
 the western hemisphere which will demand 
 absolute solidarity of action on the part of 
 the American republics to preserve their 
 very integrity." 
 
 SPEECH BY THE PRESIDENT 
 Kansas City Star 
 
 Indianapolis, Jan. 8. — Half playfully, 
 half earnestly, President Wilson told three 
 thousand people at Richmond, Ind., this 
 afternoon that this nation is heeding what 
 is "none of j^our business" — Europe's af- 
 fairs. In place of this, he counseled serious 
 deliberation on America's business, its fu- 
 ture and its part in the betterment of 
 mankind. The nation, he said, must main- 
 tain its equilibrium; it must face, too, the 
 problem of the future now that the ad- 
 ministration has endeavored to break the 
 shackles on American business. 
 
 The President said: — 
 
 "You know I have been confined for a 
 couple of years at hard labor and am out 
 on parole for a day or two, but I want to 
 say this, my fellow citizens, that it is very 
 genuine pleasure to me to get abroad again 
 and stir among the people I so dearly love. 
 
 "Because the one thing we have to 
 
 think about down in Washington is the best 
 thing to do for you and the thing that you 
 want us to do for you, and that is a mighty 
 hard thing to find out, particularly when 
 you are not thinking about your own affairs 
 and are constantly thinking about what is 
 none of your business, namely, what is 
 going on on the other side of the water. I 
 say that in playfulness, but I mean it half 
 in earnest. 
 
 " It does not do, my friends, to divert our 
 attention from the affairs of this great 
 country. 
 
 "The duty which this country has to 
 perform to the rest of the world largely de- 
 pends upon the way in which it performs 
 its duty to itself. 
 
 "I have always thought with regard to 
 individuals that if a man was true to him- 
 self, he would then be true to other persons; 
 and I believe that that applies to a great 
 country like ours, that a nation that is 
 habitually true to its own exalted principles 
 of action will know how to serve the rest of 
 mankind when the opportunity offers. That 
 is a very deep philosophy of life which it is 
 very thoroughly worth while living up to. 
 
 "We have been trying at Washington 
 to remove some of the shackles that have 
 been put upon American business; but 
 after j^ou have removed the shackles you 
 must determine what you are going to do 
 with your liberty. And there are many 
 tasks to perform for mankind. There are 
 many things to be bettered in this world 
 which we must set ourselves to make bet- 
 ter. So what I want to say to you now is 
 merely this: 
 
 " Let us seek sober, common counsel 
 about our own affairs, and then when the 
 time comes, when we can act upon a larger 
 field, there will be no mistake as to what 
 America will do for the peace of the world, 
 having found her own peace and having 
 established justice in her own mind." 
 
 ADDRESS 
 Chicago Tribune 
 
 For many years Glencoe boasted a won- 
 derful spring of pure water gushing from 
 
SPEECHES, INTERVIEWS, AND REPORTS 
 
 131 
 
 a bluff and running in crystalline beauty- 
 down to the lake. The spring was con- 
 stant even in the dryest seasons. It always 
 ran a generous, spirited stream, clear and 
 cold. Then along came the village man- 
 ager, a new official in the new order of 
 things — H. H. Sherer, appointed to put 
 the affairs of the suburb on a business 
 basis. 
 
 In a curious moment Mr. Sherer shut 
 off the water in the mains. Then he went 
 back to the "spring" and awaited results. 
 In forty minutes the perpetual spring 
 ceased to flow. 
 
 Glencoe had been paying 7 cents a thou- 
 sand gallons to pump the water that ran 
 off into the lake night and day the year 
 around. 
 
 The story of the spring was a part of 
 Mr. Sherer's address last night before the 
 Wilmette Civic association. He explained 
 the work of village management as a busi- 
 ness enterprise and told of important sav- 
 ings gained. 
 
 LECTURE 
 
 New York Herald 
 
 "I don't believe in the public cooking of 
 milk, or in the public cooking of anything 
 else to be used in the home," said Dr. 
 Thomas Darlington, formerly Commis- 
 sioner of Health in this city, during an il- 
 lustrated lecture last night at the head- 
 quarters of the Agora, a civic association 
 which is a branch of the John F. Curry 
 Association, at No. 413 West Fifty- 
 seventh street. 
 
 Unsanitary conditions under which milk 
 was detected being brought into this city 
 during his administration of the Health 
 Department were described and shown in 
 detail by Dr. Darlington, as well as the 
 conditions under which the milk is pas- 
 teurized in up-State and local dairies. 
 
 "Pasteurization may be good, but per- 
 sonally I do not believe in it," he said. 
 "The object of pasteurization is the de- 
 struction of bacteria which it may contain 
 by a process of heating the milk to from 
 140 to 160 degrees. It is not a process of 
 
 boiling, but merely of bringing the milk to 
 a percentage of heat at which the bacteria 
 will be destroyed. 
 
 "In my opinion the home and not a pub- 
 lic place is for the cooking of food products 
 which are to be used in the home. It can 
 and should be done just as well there as in 
 any other place." 
 
 An absolutely perfect milk supply is im- 
 possible in this city, according to Dr. Darl- 
 ington, at a retail price of less than twenty 
 cents a quart. To add to this the cost of 
 pasteurization, he said, would raise the 
 price still higher. 
 
 He pointed out that the excessive cost 
 of production under conditions that would 
 result in absolutely pure milk would make 
 the retail price almost prohibitive. 
 
 LECTURE 
 
 St. Louis Globe-Democrat 
 
 WASHINGTON, February 6.— Telling 
 of times when dog meat — and the meat of 
 starved-to-death dogs at that — tasted 
 better than any porterhouse steak he had 
 ever eaten; picturing a region where the 
 average velocity of the wind is fifty miles, 
 where a bunting flag goes to shreds in a 
 few minutes, a flag of stoutest canvas is 
 threshed to pieces in an hour, and a flag of 
 tin is battered out of shape in the first gale, 
 so that sheet iron is the material that must 
 be used; describing sea elephants that weigh 
 sometimes as much as four tons each and 
 measure 25 feet in length. Sir Douglas 
 Mawson has presented before the National 
 Geographic Society one of the most re- 
 markable stories of polar exploration that 
 has ever come from those regions. 
 
 In his account of his researches along the 
 great Antarctic continent discovered by 
 Rear Admiral Charles Wilkes — the same 
 Admiral Wilkes who figured in the historic 
 Trent affair, in which he, during the Ameri- 
 can civil war, held up the British packet 
 Trent, and removed from her, Mason and 
 Slidell — Sir Douglas paid tribute to the 
 explorer and his work. 
 
 Mawson and his party undertook the 
 work under the patronage of the Australian 
 
132 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 Government. The steamer Aurora, form- 
 erly plying in American waters, was the 
 ship that carried them away. A midway 
 base with a wireless relay station through 
 which the party could keep in touch with 
 civilization, was established at Macquarie 
 Island, which was on the old sailing ship 
 route between Australia and Cape Horn 
 and whose beaches are lined with the 
 wrecks of many a ship. The main base was 
 established at Cape Dennison, on the Ant- 
 arctic continent, and a second base several 
 hundred miles further east. 
 ' Pictures were brought back by Sir 
 Douglas showing the nesting places of a 
 number of birds of passage who go to the 
 Polar continent to nest and whose eggs have 
 never been seen before. The birds and sea 
 elephants were absolute strangers to fear, 
 and would inspect the camera man with as 
 much seeming interest as the camera man 
 inspected them. 
 
 The character of the winds that blow 
 on the edge of the Antarctic Continent 
 was graphically shown by the fact that the 
 men had to lean out upon it, at an angle 
 of perhaps forty-five degrees, to walk in 
 the ordinary wind, while no camera could 
 record anything but a blank when the 
 blizzard was at its height. 
 
 The hut which was the headquarters of 
 the party had one window, which was in 
 the roof. The breath of the men and the 
 steam of the kitchen caused this to become 
 frosted over to the thickness of 5 inches. 
 Men going out to take the records of the 
 climatological instruments had to break 
 the ice that froze before their faces, from 
 one side of their hoods to the other, and 
 pictures showing how their faces were 
 covered with great patches of frost bite, 
 told an eloquent story of suffering. 
 
 But the scene was not all somber. The 
 cellar was a natural refrigerator, and con- 
 sisted simply of the space under the floor 
 of the hut. When the cook wanted a piece 
 of meat he would send a dog down to get 
 a penguin or a leg of mutton, and would 
 take it away from him as he came out. One 
 day the dog got away with a leg of mutton, 
 which was rescued only after a chase of two 
 hours, and then it was so damaged that the 
 
 party voted to give it to the dogs, after all. 
 Reading matter was in great demand. One 
 of the party read the Encyclopedia Bri- 
 tannica through to the O's. 
 
 Upon one occasion Sir Douglas set out 
 with Mr. Mertz and Lieut. Ninnis on a 
 coast charting expedition. After going 
 about 200 miles Ninnis and his sledge were 
 lost in a great crevasse. Hours of calling 
 brought no response, and the smashed- 
 to-pieces sledge at the bottom told a pain- 
 ful story of his fate. Thereafter Mawson 
 and Mertz turned around and started back 
 to camp. They ate all the dogs, one by 
 one, as they died by starvation. 
 
 Finally there was only one dog left — 
 Old Ginger. "Old Ginger was a noble 
 animal," said Sir Douglas, "and he was 
 game to the last. But when he died of that 
 sheer hunger of the Antarctic wilderness of 
 ice and snow, Mertz and I had to eat his 
 carcass. We ate the bony parts first, break- 
 ing every bone so as to get out the marrow. 
 Raw dog meat may not sound attractive 
 at a distance, or when one is this far re- 
 moved from the ultimate hunger in which 
 the stomach seems to attack its very self, 
 but there it tasted as good as anything you 
 ever ate. 
 
 "Finally Mertz began to sicken and to 
 weaken, and in a few days, — January 17 
 it was, — he died. I almost turned canni- 
 bal, so starved out was my condition, but 
 with it all I buried him, and then started 
 back on the 100-mile journey that lay be- 
 tween me and safety. Sore of body and sick 
 of mind, it was more bj-^ crawling than by 
 walking that I was able to get back to camp 
 only to see the Aurora disappearing over 
 the horizon. It left provisions for me, how- 
 ever, and si.x men to search for me. Noth- 
 ing but Providence saved me from the fate 
 of Mertz and Ninnis." 
 
 Sir Douglas showed pictures of beds of 
 coal that tell of a time when tropic sum- 
 mer once reigned in this great home of the 
 blizzards, and others revealing great ice 
 cliffs with the stratified snows of a hundred 
 winters upon them, each stratum standing 
 out as clearly as though it were of sedimen- 
 tary rock. 
 
SPEECHES, INTERVIEWS, AND REPORTS 
 
 133 
 
 INTERVIEW WITH OFFICIAL 
 
 Indianapolis News 
 
 WASHINGTON, October 28— That the 
 United States, in a business and financial 
 sense, can now view the war in Europe 
 without serious apprehensions is the opin- 
 ion of George E. Roberts, director of the 
 mint, one of the keenest economists in the 
 government service. Mr. Roberts talked 
 about the situation today and made it 
 plain that despite many disadvantages he 
 sees no danger to this country. 
 
 "The situation with respect to cotton," 
 said Mr. Roberts, " is the chief drawback. 
 With the market for cotton limited and 
 prices low, the south suffers seriously and 
 the effect is felt on the entire country. The 
 effects of the cotton situation, on the other 
 hand, are to a considerable extent counter- 
 acted by the fact that in the north good 
 prices are commanded by wheat, corn, live 
 stock and other products of the northern 
 farms. 
 
 "This country may expect to be fairly 
 prosperous during the period of the war in 
 Europe. Capital will be dear and this will 
 tend to prevent the starting of new en- 
 terprises. We can not have really good 
 times unless money can readily be obtained 
 for new enterprises. 
 
 "I do not expect to see money available 
 for the building of railroad improvements 
 and extension and new lines. I do not ex- 
 pect to see new business enterprises to any 
 considerable extent started while the war 
 lasts. I expect to see business in many lines 
 already established run along about as usual. 
 In certain directions it will be improved. 
 
 "The European countries, which are now 
 at war, will go on putting out one issue of 
 securities after another. It is a question 
 how much of that they can float without 
 compelling holders of American securities 
 abroad to dispose of our securities. On the 
 whole, I should expect most of the ready 
 capital in this country, which under the 
 conditions would be hunting for invest- 
 ments in new enterprises, to be absorbed 
 for some time to come in taking up Amer- 
 ican securities parted with by foreign 
 holders." 
 
 Mr. Roberts doubts whether the stock 
 exchanges will soon reopen. He says one 
 strong influence against it is the banks 
 which have made loans on the basis of 
 securities. They do not want, on the one 
 hand, to call in their loans, and, on the 
 other hand, they do not want to incur any 
 danger of seeing stocks and securities they 
 hold as collateral quoted at low figures. 
 He thinks it will be a considerable time 
 before the exchanges are reopened. He 
 pointed out that it would be impossible 
 long to dam up traffic in securities. 
 
 "Already they have in New York the 
 'gutter market,'" said Mr. Roberts. "I 
 am informed that the volume of business 
 done in this way is considerable, and it will 
 grow. You can not stop for any length of 
 time the business of exchange. If the ex- 
 changes are closed the buyer and seller will 
 find some other method of coming to- 
 gether." 
 
 Due in part to the fact that the new 
 federal reserve system will release a large 
 volume of reserve money, and in part to 
 the fact that the bankers and the country 
 generally have recovered from the first 
 shock of the war and now confront it with- 
 out fear, Mr. Roberts thinks the banks will 
 have plenty of money to lend. He looks 
 for little disposition to lend money on new 
 enterprises; but, on the other hand, he be- 
 lieves there will be plenty of money to 
 advance to meet the needs of ordinary 
 business and to extend the loans of the 
 average borrower. 
 
 As for the settlement of American in- 
 debtedness to Europe, concerning which 
 there has been much discussion of the 
 shipment of American gold abroad, Mr. 
 Roberts thinks this problem will be ad- 
 justed. He pointed out that it would be 
 partly adjusted by the growing volume of 
 sales to Europe. It will be partly adjusted 
 by the individuals who owe the debt, and 
 who obtain extension. In one way and 
 another the volume of the debt will be 
 whittled down so that, according to Mr. 
 Roberts, this problem is not at all insur- 
 mountable. As for the cotton situation, 
 he hopes to see this worked out by the 
 pool. 
 
134 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 INTERVIEW WITH EDUCATOR 
 
 Indianapolis News 
 
 Exemplification. Two short breaths 
 and a stutter and then as follows: e-x, 
 ex; e-m, em, exem; p-l-i, pli, exempli; f-i, 
 fi, exemplifi; c-a, ca, exemplifica; t-i-o-n, 
 shun, exemplification; there's your ex- 
 emplification. 
 
 "Correct, Johnnie," and the school- 
 master, with a spelling-book in one hand 
 and a lamp in the other, sends Johnnie to 
 the head of the line and walks on through 
 the dimly lighted country school building, 
 pronouncing "jaw breakers," teaching the 
 youth to tread the flowery paths of knowl- 
 edge, and in all ways carrying out the plans 
 of a good old-fashioned country spelling 
 match. 
 
 Many men and women now well ad- 
 vanced in years learned to be good spellers 
 largely by means of spelling matches sup- 
 plemented by special spelling exercises on 
 Friday afternoons. But Fassett A. Cotton, 
 State Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
 tion, has some new ideas in regard to the 
 best methods of teaching spelling, and this 
 subject received considerable attention in 
 the course of study which Mr. Cotton is 
 now preparing, and which is to be used in the 
 schools'of the State during the coming year. 
 
 "Spelling," says Mr. Cotton, "can not 
 be taught incidentally. It must have the 
 systematic attention of the teacher as a 
 separate subject and his constant care in 
 all written work. While oral spelling is a 
 helpful aid in fixing forms, it is generally 
 conceded that written spelling must re- 
 ceive the larger stress. The eye rather than 
 the ear must be trained. Indeed, correct 
 spelling must be made an eye and muscle 
 habit. Constant drill in writing correct 
 forms of a word serves to build it into one's 
 very physical make-up. 
 
 "There are certain laws, a knowledge of 
 which is valuable in teaching spelling. The 
 work should be inductive; that is, words 
 spelled according to these laws should be 
 presented in groups and the children led to 
 construct the laws. There is a certain 
 economy in learning the laws, because 
 through them a group of words may be 
 
 learned as easily as a single word. The fact 
 that there are exceptions to the laws by no 
 means destroys the claim for economy. 
 There are two sides, then, to the spelling 
 process, the mechanical and the rational, 
 and the teacher must keep them both in 
 mind. They go together. Both are essen- 
 tial. The return to the use of a spelling 
 book indicates a belief in the need of more 
 systematic work in oral and written spell- 
 ing." 
 
 In regard to the subject matter of spell- 
 ing, Mr. Cotton beheves that here, as in 
 other subjects, the dominant commimity 
 interest should be taken into considera- 
 tion. Each community, Mr. Cotton points 
 out, has its own vocabulary. The assign- 
 ment in spelling, he says, should be worked 
 out as carefully as the assignment in any 
 other subject, and, as in every other sub- 
 ject, the home life should dictate the point 
 of departure. 
 
 The assignment may from day to day, 
 Mr. Cotton suggests, consist of lists of ten 
 or twenty words covering the entire range 
 of life in the community. The teacher may 
 ask the class to hand in a list of ten words 
 that are names of kitchen utensils. If there 
 are five or six in the class, it may be that 
 twenty or more different words will be 
 named. Such a device furnishes the fairest 
 test of the child's ability to spell these 
 words, because he suggests them to him- 
 self and is not aided by having them pro- 
 nounced. The teacher should correct the 
 lists and hand them back, and then the 
 twenty different words should be used as a 
 spelling lesson and made the basis of a per- 
 manent list. Similar lists may cover other 
 home departments, industrial depart- 
 ments, or farm life, and there may be lists 
 covering the vocabulary of the social, the 
 civil or governmental, the religious and the 
 school Ufe of the community. 
 
 The assignment may take another form, 
 Mr. Cotton suggests, and accomplish the 
 same purpose. The teacher may have it in 
 mind to teach inductively the meaning of 
 the word synonym. He gives the following 
 list of words: farmer, grower, cultivator, 
 agriculturist and husbandman. He then 
 has the pupils pronounce each word, tell 
 
SPEECHES, INTERVIEWS, AND REPORTS 
 
 135 
 
 the meaning, use one of the words in a 
 sentence and substitute as many words as 
 possible for it. Other groups of farm words 
 may be used in the same way. 
 
 While Mr. Cotton concedes that the 
 teacher must select, in the main, his own 
 devices for teaching any subject, he offers 
 the following suggestions for teaching 
 spelling: 
 
 "The words to be taught should be the 
 words needed in the school vocabulary and 
 in life. 
 
 "The work should be based as much as 
 possible upon the laws governing spelling, 
 and should be done inductively. 
 
 "Constant drill is essential, and absolute 
 accuracy in all written work must be in- 
 sisted upon. 
 
 "It is a good practice to keep a list of 
 words most commonly misspelled and point 
 out and emphasize in some attractive way 
 the difficulties in spelling these words. 
 
 "Word building and word analysis are 
 excellent devices. 
 
 "The use of words in sentences different 
 from those in which they are found in the 
 text-book is good practice for the vocabu- 
 lary of the pupU. 
 
 "It is especially important that pupils 
 should learn to use in sentences of their 
 own construction the many simple words 
 which are alike in their pronunciation, but 
 which differ both in their spelling and in 
 their use. The teacher will find it advan- 
 tageous to make the list of homonyms in 
 the spelling book the basis for language ex- 
 ercises as well as for spelling lessons. 
 
 "The new speller should be in the hands 
 of each and every pupil. The work is out- 
 lined by grades in the book. No pupil 
 should be promoted till he has mastered 
 all the words in the grade in which he is 
 working." 
 
 INTERVIEW WITH WOMAN 
 PHILANTHROPIST 
 
 Kansas City Star 
 
 A little woman, her shoulders laden with 
 the burden of a great effort to rid the world 
 of poverty, came to Kansas City this morn- 
 
 ing. She is Mrs. Joseph Fels, widow of the 
 Philadelphia philanthropist and manufac- 
 turer. With Daniel Kiefer, chairman of 
 the Fels fund, and Mrs. Kiefer, Mrs. Fels is 
 touring the principal cities of the United 
 States in the interests of the idea to which 
 Joseph Fels devoted his life, the taxation 
 of land values. The philanthropist died 
 last February. 
 
 Mrs. Fels's eyes kindled when the war 
 was mentioned to her at the Savoy Hotel 
 this morning. She was dressed simply in 
 black, but the soberness of her attire was 
 eclipsed by the animation of her features 
 when she was given the opportunity to 
 plunge into the subject to which she is now 
 giving her life. 
 
 "The war," she cried softly. "It would 
 n't have come about if Europe had been 
 listening. 'More land,' the nations say; 
 'more land,' with a wealth of it within 
 their own borders owned by great land- 
 lords. Yet they must fight to extend their 
 boundary Unes. 
 
 "Is it possible to think that the good 
 Lord would make a world in which there 
 were more people than could be provided 
 for? It is that idea that keeps us fighting 
 on to make people realize. Freedom for 
 each individual to earn his own living; we 
 ask only for that. Tax the land; take the 
 taxes off produced necessities; force land- 
 lords to quit holding empty land for the 
 profit that comes from other people com- 
 ing to live around it. Do you know that 
 Philadelphia has 40,000 empty lots — not 
 on the outskirts but in the city? London 
 has 50,000 of them. 'Congestion,' — we 
 speak of that, but what congestion would 
 there be if every man could till the soil, and 
 if selfishness and greed were not allowed to 
 appropriate the earnings of others?" 
 
 The diminutive figure of Mrs. Fels 
 seemed to grow as her voice let escape in 
 its tones something of the passionate con- 
 viction which she feels in the rightfulness 
 of the land value taxation propaganda. 
 
 "The world has had enough of charity, a 
 poor patchwork of a poor system of civili- 
 zation. We are trying to prevent the need of 
 charity, trying to spread justice and free- 
 dom, to free the worker from the landlord's 
 
136 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 domination and give him opportunity. 
 For us opportunity is freedom." 
 
 Before the death of Mr. Fels, the phi- 
 lanthropist spent a good deal of time in 
 England. Mrs. Fels still resides there half 
 of the year. 
 
 "England has a king," she said, "but 
 fundamentally the English government is 
 more democratic than the United States. 
 We call ourselves a democracy, but in 
 reality we are a plutocracy. The idea of a 
 democracy is a fine thing to hold up before 
 the eyes of the people, but in the present 
 circumstances it is only to blind them to 
 real conditions." 
 
 Mrs. Fels is of German descent, but her 
 sympathies and her blame for the war are 
 with all of the fighting nations. 
 
 "I am sorry for all of them," she said, 
 "but I know that all are implicated. Per- 
 haps some good will come out of it. If the 
 people of the warring nations are made so 
 poor that the nations will have to take ex- 
 treme measures to exist, the great estates 
 of Europe will be thrown open to intensive 
 farming and to all the other methods of 
 adding to productiveness." 
 
 Daniel Kiefer, chairman of the Fels 
 Fund, told some facts that Mrs. Fels ap- 
 peared too modest to relate. 
 
 When Joseph Fels was living he proposed 
 to match dollar for dollar any fund that 
 was raised in the United States to forward 
 the single tax propaganda. He did the 
 same thing in fifteen other countries. In 
 this country in the last five years the Fels 
 Fund has given more than 5 million to less 
 than half that amount raised by others. 
 
 Mr. Kiefer explained that Mrs. Fels was 
 giving herself to carrying on the move- 
 ment in which her husband had shown so 
 great an interest. 
 
 "Giving myself and all I have and am," 
 added Mrs. Fels. This afternoon Mrs. Fels 
 spoke at Central High School and at 
 Swope Center. She will speak at the City 
 Club at 8 o'clock tonight. A reception for 
 Mrs. Fels by the Council of Clubs will be 
 held from 3 to 5 o'clock tomorrow after- 
 noon. Mrs. Fels will speak again at a pub- 
 lic meeting at the City Club at 8 o'clock 
 tomorrow night. 
 
 INTERVIEW WITH OPERA 
 SINGER 
 
 Chicago Daily News 
 
 Mme. Tamakai Miura hid behind a bag- 
 gage truck and pressed her fingers into her 
 miniature ears. It was her first visit to 
 Chicago. 
 
 "Ooo!" exclaimed Mme. Miura. "Ooo!" 
 
 The Twentieth Century hmited was 
 backing out of the LaSalle Street Station. 
 
 "She is the first Japanese grand opera 
 singer in the world, the first to sing in 
 America and one of the best sopranos in 
 the company!" shouted the press agent 
 above the roar. He led the way to Mme. 
 Miura. She stood half frightened and half 
 amused, seeming like a figure that had 
 escaped from a Japanese print and got lost 
 in a Meissonier landscape. For Mme. 
 Miura was still dressed in her native cos- 
 tume. She might have just wandered off the 
 stage from a scene in " Madame Butterfly" 
 in which she is going to sing for the Boston 
 Opera Company. 
 
 She wore a purple robe, with a dull red 
 and gold girdle. It enveloped her in folds 
 and a dull pink scarf covered her patent 
 leather colored hair. American shoes, an 
 American handbag and American furs 
 testified to her acquired cosmopolitanism. 
 
 "I hke come here and sing," said Mme. 
 Miura, removing her fingers from her 
 ears. "I been in London and all over the 
 world. I am only singer in Japan, In 
 Japan women don' sing so much or do any- 
 thing. They have no suffrage an' only 
 listen to the nightingale and the wind blow 
 through the cherry tree. But art will liber- 
 ate the ladies of Japan." 
 
 Mme. Miura glanced coquettishly at 
 a Japanese man who stood near her. 
 
 "What you think?" she inquired of him. 
 
 "He is my husband," she explained. 
 
 Becoming more accustomed to the bag- 
 gage truck and the Twentieth Century, 
 Madame Miura continued: 
 
 "When I come to America I all the time 
 'fraid people don't like me because I hear 
 about Japanese not being much liked, but 
 when I come to New York everybody like 
 me and is most nice to me. And I am sure 
 
SPEECHES, INTERVIEWS, AND REPORTS 
 
 137 
 
 everybody in Chicago like me. It is so full 
 of noise, is it not? All America is full of 
 noise. 
 
 "I like most American scenery which 
 the railroad show me. It is better than 
 English or German scenery, because in 
 EngUsh scenery all the trees look hke doll 
 trees and in Germany all the trees look like 
 they have been straightened with mower 
 of the lawn. In American scenery every- 
 thing is big and wild and maybe full of 
 animals, is it not? 
 
 "And there is so much. I pass miles and 
 miles in my ride, more than whole Japan." 
 
 Madame Miura's English required the 
 greatest concentration on her part. She 
 paused and thought and then resumed. 
 
 "Opera is new art in Japan. We have 
 only very few singers. Because women 
 have no great chance, but now maybe they 
 have. I study in London and Berlin. I 
 have sing before king and queen in Albert 
 Hall. I sing Irish song, Scotch song, Italian 
 and French song and English song. Isn't 
 that nice?" 
 
 Note — The following three telegraph stories 
 show three different forms for a group of several 
 interviews on the same subject, which in this 
 case ivas a decision of the Interstate Commerce 
 Commission granting the railroads the right to 
 charge higher freight rates. As originally pub- 
 lished, these stories followed stories from Wash- 
 ington, D.C. giving the details of the decision. 
 
 GROUP OF INTERVIEWS 
 
 (1) 
 Milwaukee Free Press 
 
 CHICAGO, Dec. 18.— Wholesale mer- 
 chants and shippers of Chicago were 
 elated today at the decision of the inter- 
 state commerce commission. Here is what 
 some of them say : 
 
 JOHN G. SHEDD, president Marshall 
 Field & Co. : " Everyone should rejoice 
 over the action of the interstate com- 
 merce commission. I regard this decision 
 as marking the turning point in the busi- 
 ness situation, and expect to see hereafter 
 a marked advance on the road of prosperity 
 by all lines of American industry." 
 
 JULIUS ROSENWALD, president of 
 Sears-Roebuck & Co.: " Representing one 
 of the largest shippers, I am glad to say 
 that we rejoice in the decision. I beheve 
 it will have a far-reaching effect. It will 
 help the whole United States and stimu- 
 late business all over the land." 
 
 JOHN V. FARWELL, president of the 
 John V. Farwell Co.: "I am glad the ap- 
 plication of the railroads for an increase 
 in freight rates has been granted, as I be- 
 lieve the decision will be an essential factor 
 in stimulating and encouraging all branches 
 of business in all parts of the United 
 States." - 
 
 (2) 
 Chicago Tribune 
 
 New York, Dec. 18.— Howard ElHott, 
 president of the New York, New Haven, 
 and Hartford Railroad company, and 
 chairman of the board of directors, com- 
 menting on the decision of the interstate 
 commerce commission, said: 
 
 "Careful calculations indicate that the 
 increase in the gross freight earnings of the 
 New Haven road, because of the decision 
 of the commerce commission, will be less 
 than $250,000 per year, and probably not 
 much in excess of $200,000 a year on the 
 present volume of business. So far this 
 fiscal year, the freight earnings of the com- 
 pany have decreased $1,399,000. 
 
 "We are gratified to have the commis- 
 sion recognize the necessity of increasing 
 freight rates and we are glad to have even 
 this modest increase." 
 
 A. H. Smith, president of the New York 
 Central lines, made the following state- 
 ment: 
 
 "As nearly as I can learn from prelim- 
 inary reports, the commerce commission 
 has granted an increase on perhaps a little 
 more than one-half of the tonnage, but to 
 the extent that the increase has been 
 granted it will help the railroad situation. 
 It should also promote general public con- 
 fidence for the future. 
 
 "The commission has recognized not 
 only the needs of the railroads but the 
 effect upon the railroads of the present 
 
138 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 peculiar conditions. The increase granted 
 will not solve the transportation problems 
 of the day, but we are thankful for the 
 help given and will endeavor to make the 
 best possible use of it." 
 
 (3) 
 
 Chicago Tribune 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 18.— "The grant- 
 ing of the 5 per cent freight increase will 
 have absolutely no effect upon the pas- 
 senger increases," declared George W. 
 Boyd, general passenger traffic manager of 
 the Pennsylvania Railroad company. "We 
 want to estabUsh the two departments of 
 our road on an independent basis, and to 
 do this we need the passenger increase as 
 much as the freight mcrease." 
 
 "I am glad for any decision that would 
 bring prosperity to the people of Pennsyl- 
 vania," was the only comment of Gov.- 
 elect Martin G. Brumbaugh. 
 
 The commission will aid in smoothing 
 the way to prosperity, in the opinion of 
 Alba Johnson, president of the Baldwin 
 Locomotive works. 
 
 OFFICIAL REPORT 
 Boston Transcript 
 
 Twenty-five States are represented in a 
 crusade which the lawmakers and school 
 authorities of the country are waging 
 against the high school fraternity, accord- 
 ing to a report which has just been issued 
 by the United States Bureau of Education. 
 Of these, thirteen States have passed legis- 
 lative enactments hostile to the secret 
 orders, while the school boards of impor- 
 tant cities in the other twelve States have 
 adopted like measures within their own 
 jurisdiction. 
 
 All States having laws on the subject 
 provide a penalty of suspension or expul- 
 sion from school for all those who join these 
 orders. The most drastic laws were passed 
 by Iowa, Minnesota, and Nebraska, whose 
 legislatures made it a misdemeanor for 
 anyone even to solicit members to these 
 organizations. Michigan and Ohio made 
 
 it a misdemeanor for a school officer to fail 
 or refuse to carry out the anti-high school 
 fraternity law. Other States which pro- 
 hibit these orders are California, Indiana, 
 Kansas, Mississippi, Oregon, and Vermont. 
 Massachusetts empowers the Boston School 
 Committee to deal with the secret-society 
 problem in its own way, while Wasliington 
 gives the same latitude to the school boards 
 of its larger cities. 
 
 The more important cities whose school 
 boards have passed regulations restricting 
 or forbidding high school fraternities, are 
 Denver, Meriden, Chicago, Covington, 
 New Orleans, Lowell, Waltham, Worcester, 
 Kansas City, Mo., St. Joseph, Butte, 
 Oklahoma City, Reading, Salt Lake City, 
 Madison, Milwaukee, Racine and Superior. 
 The commonest penalties are suspension, 
 expulsion, or debarment from atliletic or 
 other teams of the school. 
 
 The United States Bureau of Educa- 
 tion's report also cites some of the more 
 important court decisions, every one of 
 which upholds the school authorities in 
 dealing rigorously with the high school 
 fraternity, on the ground that the measures 
 so taken are authorized as a part of the 
 school board's discretionary powers. Most 
 courts cited, however, will not allow the 
 offending pupils to be barred from class- 
 room exercises, although they can be barred 
 from participating in all athletic or other 
 contests. 
 
 REPORT OF SCIENTIST 
 
 New York Evening Post 
 
 London, August 1. — Boiling over a 
 slow fire is the happiest death a lobster can 
 meet; so it has been determined at the 
 Jersey Marine Biological Station. The ex- 
 periments were carried out bj^ Joseph Si- 
 nel, a well-known biologist, for the Jersey 
 Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to 
 Animals, whose members associated the 
 prevalent method of killing lobsters with 
 medieeval torture. 
 
 Lobsters, says Mr. Sinel, are ex-tremely 
 difficult to kill. Piercing the brain does 
 not seem to cause the lobster more than 
 
SPEECHES, INTERVIEWS, AND REPORTS 
 
 139 
 
 temporary annoyance, since his brain is 
 a mere nerve ganglion the size of a hemp- 
 seed. He has to be killed all over. To 
 throw him into boiling water fails to do 
 the work either mercifully or quickly, 
 since he struggles violently to escape for 
 about two minutes. 
 
 The pleasantest way to end a lobster's 
 troubles, Mr. Sinel finds, is the old-fash- 
 ioned way of placing him in cold water and 
 bringing him to a boil . As the water warms, 
 he becomes merely lazy and rolls over as 
 for a sleep. By the time the water reaches 
 the comparatively mUd temperature of 70 
 degrees, Fahrenheit, he becomes comatose. 
 At 80 degrees, he is dead. To use a hu- 
 man illustration, the biologist says it is like 
 a person succumbing to a heat wave, with 
 loss of consciousness and a painless end. 
 
 REPORT OF FEDERAL OFFICIAL 
 
 San Francisco Chronicle 
 
 WASHINGTON, January 15.— Asiatic 
 immigration, the "Hindoo propaganda," 
 and particularly immigration to Conti- 
 nental United States from Hawaii and the 
 Philippines, are discussed at length in the 
 annual report of Anthony Caminetti, Com- 
 missioner-General of Immigration, made 
 public here today. 
 
 " I believe it is quite generally conceded 
 that immigration from the Far East is de- 
 trimental to the welfare of the United 
 States," says the report, "not because it 
 has heretofore been so extensive in num- 
 bers, but because of its peculiar effect upon 
 the economic conditions and the possibili- 
 ties of an almost unlimited increase in vol- 
 ume if left unregulated and unchecked. 
 Our Oriental immigration problem, arising 
 more than a quarter of a century ago, has 
 never been satisfactorily solved; the ex- 
 clusion laws need many amendments, not 
 in purpose but in prescribed method. 
 
 "The Hindoo propaganda, as yet in its 
 infancy, is calculated to give much trouble 
 unless promptly met with measures based 
 upon, and modeled to take advantage of our 
 past experience in trying to arrange prac- 
 ticable and thorough, but at the same time 
 
 unobjectionable, plans for the protection of 
 
 the country against an influx of aliens who 
 can not be readily and healthfully assimi- 
 lated by our body politic." 
 
 Of immigration by way of the insular 
 possessions the Commissioner says: "It 
 will be observed that 15,512 aliens came to 
 continental from insular United States dur- 
 ing the last seven years — 10,948 from 
 Hawaii, 3,950 from Porto Rico and 614 from 
 the Philippines — and that of these, 10,740 
 landed at San Francisco, 3,910 at New 
 York and 631 at Seattle. 
 
 "Aliens coming from Porto Rico have 
 been handled with a fair degree of success, 
 but those coming from Hawaii and the 
 Philippines have given the service a great 
 deal of trouble, the former with regard to 
 the admission of aliens to the territory and 
 their subsequent migration to the conti- 
 nent, and the latter with respect to the 
 coming of aliens to the mainland from 
 the Philippines only, the immigration serv- 
 ice having nothing to do with respect to 
 the admission of aliens to these posses- 
 sions. 
 
 "It has been regarded as desirable to 
 encourage the settlement in Hawaii of 
 European aliens, and correspondingly to 
 discourage the settlement there of aliens 
 from the Orient, the idea being that the 
 former does, and the latter does not, tend 
 toward the 'Americanization' of the terri- 
 tory, which already has a large Asiatic 
 population. Failure to retain the immi- 
 grants secured through the exercise by the 
 Federal Government of a very liberal 
 policy, is believed to be due to the fact that 
 the conditions of work and labor are un- 
 satisfactory and the standard of wages too 
 low." 
 
 Of the flow of immigration the Commis- 
 sioner says: 
 
 "Immigration, judged from the results 
 of the year, has apparently reached the 
 million mark, and unless some affirmative 
 action is taken by the Federal Government 
 to restrict it, or steps are taken by Eu- 
 ropean and other nations to reduce the 
 steady stream of persons leaving the vari- 
 ous countries of the Old World, we need 
 hardly expect that the number annually 
 
140 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 entering the United States hereafter will 
 fall far below 1,000,000." 
 
 Immigration to the United States for 
 the fiscal year aggregated 1,218,480, only 
 66,869 less than for the year 1907, which 
 showed the greatest tide of immigration in 
 history. As 633,805 aliens left the United 
 States during the year, the net increase 
 of population through immigration was 
 769,276. 
 
 Of the alien applicants for admission to 
 the United States during the year, 33,041 
 were excluded on various statutory grounds. 
 
 the debarments being 66 per cent greater 
 than for the previous year. 
 
 The suggestion is made tentatively that 
 some diversion of the immigrant fund be 
 made to protect the immigrants after their 
 landing in this country, in an effort "to 
 relieve industrial centers by securing em- 
 ployment for the surplus labor found 
 therein, whether native or foreign, either 
 on farms or in other rural occupations or in 
 settling people on lands." Such relief 
 would be, the report says, of benefit to all 
 the people. 
 
CHAPTER VIII 
 
 EXHIBITIONS, ENTEKTAINMENTS, AND SPECIAL OCCASIONS 
 
 Type of story. News stories in this division may be grouped in two classes : 
 (1) those of display, such as exhibitions, shows, fairs, and parades, and (2) 
 those of banquets, holiday celebrations, and other special occasions, such as 
 college commencements. Although the subject matter covers a wide range, 
 the method of handhng the news is much the same. 
 
 Purpose. The aim in these stories is not only to portray attractively the 
 events and scenes but to bring out the spirit of the occasion. There is gen- 
 erally a dominant note in all these events, and the effectiveness of the descrip- 
 tion can be greatly heightened by selecting those details that bring out this 
 note. The selection and presentation of details from the point of view of 
 their value as showing the mood of the occasion results in a story of much 
 greater interest than does the mere recording of the different incidents. Ac- 
 curacy in news stories of this kind, therefore, is not simply faithfulness to 
 fact, but truth of sentiment. Untruthfulness hes in adding fictitious details 
 in an effort to heighten the appeal, and in substituting sentimentality for 
 true sentiment. 
 
 Treatment. The chief problem in writing these stories is to select pictur- 
 esque and significant phases from the large mass of available material, and 
 to reproduce the scenes and incidents with vividness. These events offer 
 one of the few chances in news writing for pure description. In general the 
 description is of the so-called dynamic type, in that all of the details are 
 selected with the purpose of bringing out one impression rather than of 
 giving a complete picture. 
 
 In descriptions of holiday celebrations an emotional appeal is possible 
 because every festival and holiday has its own particular sentiment. Christ- 
 mas is distinctly the children's day and is characterized by generosity. 
 Memorial day is marked by patriotic reverence for dead heroes. Fourth of 
 July by patriotic jollification, and Thanksgiving day by the idea of feasting. 
 For banquets and similar occasions in which the spirit of good fellowship is 
 the dominant note the descriptive method in a lighter vein is particularly 
 appropriate. 
 
 When speeches and toasts are delivered in connection with these events, 
 
142 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 they are treated like other speeches and are fitted into the story as incidents 
 of the occasion, or, if they are of sufl&cient significance, they may be played 
 up as the feature. 
 
 AUTOMOBILE SHOW TO OPEN 
 
 New York Times 
 
 The National Automobile Chamber of 
 Commerce will open its Fifteenth Annual 
 National Automobile Show in Grand Cen- 
 tral Palace next Saturday, Jan. 2. The 
 Show Committee of the N. A. C. C, which 
 has the exhibition in charge, consists of Col. 
 George Pope, H. O. Smith, Wilfred C. 
 Leland, and S. A. Miles, manager. Instead 
 of opening at night, the doors will be im- 
 locked at 2 P. M. Displays of goods con- 
 servatively valued at more than $3,500,000 
 will occupy the 150,000 square feet of floor 
 space on four floors of the building. About 
 50,000 more square feet of floor space is 
 available this year than in previous sea- 
 sons. 
 
 There is a total of 338 exhibits. Gasoline 
 pleasure cars wiU be shown by eighty-one 
 manufacturers; six companies will show 
 electric cars, and thirteen will display mo- 
 tor cycles. The remaining 238 exhibitors 
 are makers of accessories. More than 400 
 complete cars will be shown. These will be 
 found to range in price from $295 to $7,500. 
 No commercial cars will be exhibited, but 
 there will be a special information bureau 
 for commercial vehicle manufacturers. 
 
 In order to make a beautiful setting for 
 the cars and show them to advantage, the 
 interior of the palace has been converted 
 into a Persian palace. The decoration 
 color scheme is white, gold, and crimson. 
 The lobby of the building -nail be decorated 
 to resemble a California garden. 
 
 Following the custom of former years, 
 Wednesday, Jan. 6, has been set aside as 
 Society Day, upon which double admission 
 will be charged. There will also be a The- 
 atrical Day, Monday, Jan. 4, upon which 
 representative players will be guests of the 
 management. The exposition will remain 
 open for one week, \mtil Jan. 9. On the 
 
 first day the doors will open at 2 P. M., and 
 on other days at 10 A. M., with the excep- 
 tion of Sunday, when the building wiU re- 
 main closed. 
 
 POULTRY SHOW 
 
 New York Evening Post 
 
 The twentieth annual exhibition of the 
 New York Poultry, Pigeon and Pet Stock 
 Association was opened several hours before 
 daybreak this morning with appropriate 
 barnyard pomp and ceremony. One of the 
 6,500 fowl assembled in Madison Square 
 Garden, with bold disregard for the con- 
 ventions of city life, started things at 3 
 A. M., and in an instant the whole family 
 was flapping its wings and crowing sociably 
 one to another. 
 
 Even though it was only the light from 
 an arc lamp outside, which the birds mis- 
 took for the rising sun, they resolved to 
 make the best of it, and at noon all the 
 inmates were in excellent voice. 
 
 The great arena, filled row upon row 
 with every variety of domestic fowl, re- 
 sounded with echoes 'of the farm. 
 
 It was one long, continuous cock-a- 
 doodle-doo, that gave the impression that 
 all the barnyards of the world had suddenly 
 been combined in one. 
 
 A flock of white Wyandottes, looking 
 very pompous, supplied the baritone parts 
 of the medley, while occasionally a peevish 
 falsetto cackle could be discerned issuing 
 from the bantam household. Melodious 
 squawks from several turkey gobblers, who 
 had escaped the axe this season, added to the 
 hoarse cackle of numerous ducks, helped 
 to fill in the gaps. 
 
 One change was noticeable to-day in the 
 absence of Canadian-bred birds. In former 
 years, fowl from across the border have 
 been among the most interesting in the 
 
EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 143 
 
 exhibit, affording a basis for comparison of 
 the poultry of the two countries. 
 
 But, owing to the strict quarantine reg- 
 ulations now in force, officers of the New 
 York State Association found it impossible 
 to include this feature in this year's show. 
 The fact that there are no Canadian en- 
 tries is accountable for the smaller num- 
 ber of exhibits, some six hundred Cana- 
 dian specimens having been withheld by 
 the Canadian fanciers. The reason, it 
 was stated, was the prevalence of disease 
 among cattle at the present time. The 
 Canadian inspectors had announced that 
 they would not allow consignments shipped 
 to the exhibition to reenter the country. 
 
 All States north of the Ohio and east of 
 the Mississippi have sent specimens to 
 the exhibit, while a number of Southern 
 and Western States are represented also. 
 
 On the main floor the entire space is 
 devoted to fowl, of every variety, dis- 
 played in steel cages. The centre of the 
 arena is occupied by a small tank, used as 
 a duck pond, and grouped around this are 
 several large cages, containing specially 
 rare specimens. The balcony, circling the 
 enclosure, is devoted to pigeons and pet 
 stock, including guinea pigs, rabbits, and 
 white mice. 
 
 Along with the poultry display, there is 
 the usual accompaniment of farmyard de- 
 vices, brooders, incubators, and patent 
 feeders, which occupy booths in various 
 parts of the main floor. John, a fine white 
 Wyandotte cock from Jersey, was on hand 
 to-day to do his share in exhibiting a device 
 for grinding bones. He was hitched to a 
 miniature mill, in which he had been 
 trained for months to make the circuit like 
 a horse. But everything at the Garden was 
 so different, and so unlike life in the peace- 
 ful Jersey farm, that the rooster had an 
 attack of stage-fright and couldn't navi- 
 gate the turn. He crouched down in the 
 traces and refused to budge, while the 
 demonstrator applied persuasion and a 
 horsewhip to coax him on. 
 
 But the trained hens, who were there to 
 show how a combination "feeder and exer- 
 ciser" worked, Hved up to expectations, 
 and gave an admirable performance. They 
 
 were caged in a shed with a miniature turn- 
 stile in it, and every time they took a few 
 steps, the stile was sm-e to move, bringing 
 down upon their heads a shower of corn. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL FAIR 
 
 Boston Herald 
 
 SALEM, N. H., Aug. 21— Fair skies, 
 weather of ideal coolness, the grand circuit 
 races, a horse show of unusual excellence, 
 pedigreed cattle and blue-blooded poultry, 
 fruit and vegetables that made the onlooker 
 hungry, in fact, all the accessories of half a 
 dozen county fairs rolled into one — not 
 forgetting the Looney Lane and its leather- 
 lunged ballyhoo men — lured to Rocking- 
 ham Park today a crowd variously esti- 
 mated at between 60,000 and 80,000 per- 
 sons. 
 
 Whatever the correct figures of attend- 
 ance may have been, it is certain that the 
 grand stands were jammed solid with cheer- 
 ing humanity, that men, women and chil- 
 dren of all ages and types swarmed like a 
 colony of ants through the various exhibits, 
 and that automobiles of every kind known 
 to the trade were paraded all over the 
 parking space. 
 
 It was a happy, good-natured crowd, in 
 which the millionaire rubbed elbows with 
 the farm boy, and those who came by trol- 
 ley had just as much chance for enjoyment 
 as those who came in the most expensive 
 touring car. To be sure, the horse is the 
 star performer at Rockingham fair, but 
 that is no reason why the other features 
 should be overlooked, and they were not. 
 
 This was Governor's day on the program, 
 but in reality it might better have been de- 
 scribed as Everybody's day. At least, that 
 is the way it looked to the visitor. Gov. 
 Samuel D. Felker of New Hampshire was 
 on hand, of course, with Mrs, Felker and 
 members of his staff. 
 
 He was received fittingly with the cus- 
 tomary brass band accompaniment, was 
 whisked across the track in a miniature 
 procession of automobiles and escorted to 
 the grandstand. There he made an ap- 
 propriate speech, or went through an ani- 
 
144 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 mated pantomime, the impression differing 
 with the distance the listener was from him. 
 At any rate, the crowd judged him by his 
 good intentions and applauded heartily. 
 Gov. Foss was unable to be present, but 
 was well represented by Mrs. Foss and his 
 two pretty daughters. 
 
 "Something doing every minute" seems 
 to have been the motto of the fair manage- 
 ment, and the motto was well observed. 
 Apart from the racing, the fair has enough 
 attractions to keep a visitor busy for a cou- 
 ple of days at least, and then said visitor 
 would be better satisfied if he could possess 
 himself of an extra set of eyes. 
 
 The effect of the place is kaleidoscopic, or 
 rather that of a talking moving picture run 
 wild. It is a perfect jumble of color and 
 soimd. Bands are playing, husky barkers 
 are shouting, bulls are bellowing, cows are 
 lowing, sheep are baaing, hens are cackling, 
 auto horns are tooting — all off the key but 
 in a pleasant discordance. 
 
 And people — as an exhibit of the plain 
 people and of the varnished people, too, the 
 place has few rivals. There is the man from 
 back in the hills, whose bucoUc chin whisker 
 wags in rapture over some particular breed 
 of hogs, and there is the landed proprietor, 
 who is as interested as an amateur in some 
 particular strain of stock. You see an over- 
 ailed individual drawling casual orders to a 
 stolid yoke of oxen, and then, turning again, 
 you come upon Arthur Waldo in the pink 
 of sartorial neatness, sizing up a prize sheep. 
 
 There is contrast everywhere. If you 
 are looking for the latest in horsey fashion, 
 stroll about the grandstand, and if you 
 want to see what the agriculturist consid- 
 ers a good all-purpose costume, nm down 
 to the sheds. Young America with his best 
 girl is much in evidence in the vicinity of 
 the ice-cream cone and lemonade stand, 
 and Old America is there, too, just as young 
 as any of them. 
 
 Away over behind the grandstand are 
 the cattle sheds, where one may fill his eye 
 with as many different kinds of cows, bulls 
 and oxen as he ever imagined. There they 
 are — the Jerseys, the Guernseys, the Hol- 
 steins, the Ayrshires, and whatever other 
 kinds there be, all beautifully groomed, 
 
 with horns polished. Some are decked 
 with blue ribbons and some with red, and 
 some which have no ribbons at all appear 
 about as good as their rivals. Out in the 
 field to the rear, quiet men take technical 
 notice of good points of competitors, and 
 make the awards without any fuss. 
 
 Judges are everywhere. They are busy 
 with cattle and they are busy with hens and 
 with geese, with hogs — there is a whole ex- 
 hibit of blue ones — with fish, with fruit, 
 with vegetables, with embroidery and with 
 needlework. By the way, the housewife 
 should not be overlooked, for the skill 
 of the woman of the Rebeccas and the 
 Granges, either with the needle or the cook- 
 stove, is not to be despised. 
 
 There is much to attract the serious- 
 minded, and for those who are not so seri- 
 ous there is the Looney Lane. It is a long 
 lane, a good half mile, if not more. And 
 there is to be found about every side show 
 that ingenuity has yet devised. 
 
 The streets of this midway are dense, and 
 the business flourishing. You can try your 
 luck on a "beautiful, blue-eyed baby-doll," 
 or a teddy-bear, on umbrellas, on rings, on 
 stickpins and a variety of other useful com- 
 modities. You can visit strange oriental 
 houris, see the wild girl, or pay your money 
 for some allurement that is "for men only." 
 Lady wrestlers, diving girls, freaks without 
 number, even the "original cigarette fiend" 
 are all to be viewed "for the trifling and in- 
 considerable expenditure of one dime." But 
 what's the use — they are all there with 
 "spielers" to match. 
 
 With the exception of the races, probably 
 the most interesting feature was the horse 
 show. Yesterday's program was one of un- 
 usual excellence, and ran through several of 
 the most striking classes of saddle horses 
 and hunters and jumpers. 
 
 The Lawson cup, presented by Thomas 
 W. Lawson, for gig horses not under 15.1 or 
 over 15.3 hands, went to Sir James, Alfred 
 G. Vanderbilt's entry. Glen Riddle's The 
 Virginian carried off the Copley-Plaza cup 
 in the Corinthian class, and Mr. Riddle was 
 again fortunate in capturing the Andrew 
 Adie cup in the class for hunt teams of 
 three each. 
 
EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 145 
 
 One of the prettiest classes of the after- 
 noon was that for park four-in-hands with 
 lady drivers, which was won by Mrs. P. T. 
 Roche of Leominster, after a skillful exhib- 
 ition. Another spectacular number was the 
 tandem race, a one-mile dash on the race 
 track, which was won by P. T. Roche. 
 
 OPENING OF MARKET 
 
 New York Times 
 
 Crowds of many thousands filled Wash- 
 ington Market yesterday to celebrate the 
 formal reopening of the building since it has 
 been reconstructed and converted into a 
 model market of glass, marble, porcelain, 
 enamel, and nickel flooded with light from a 
 series of large overhead windows. 
 
 The ceremonies began with the arrival of 
 a procession with a band at its head, city 
 officials in automobiles following and the 
 forty exempt firemen with their antiquated 
 engines bringing up the rear. The main 
 floor and galleries were thronged, and hun- 
 dreds of persons had to be turned away 
 while the speechmaking was going on. 
 
 Mayor Mitchel said that the reopening 
 of Washington Market as a modern insti- 
 tution was only a step in the plan to dot the 
 city with model markets. 
 
 "The new Washington Market," he 
 said, "is a link in a chain of retail markets 
 which I hope that the city will some time 
 own and control. Such a system of retail 
 markets will be a part of a still more com- 
 prehensive system of food distribution. The 
 entire plan will comprise wholesale terminal 
 markets which will receive supplies of all 
 kinds for distribution with the least possible 
 handling and waste and will have a marked 
 effect in keeping down the cost of living. 
 
 "We want to reduce the cost of bringing 
 food into the city, and this can be done by 
 means of better transit facilities with ter- 
 minal markets to increase the convenience 
 of the people of this city in buying at retail 
 in some of the finest and most sanitary 
 markets in the world. The plans are only 
 now in the process of formation and I hope 
 that the people will support the city offi- 
 cials in bringing them to completion." 
 
 George McAneny, President of the 
 Board of Aldermen, briefly reviewed the 
 history of the market and of its reconstruc- 
 tion. 
 
 "This building was a disgrace to the city 
 four years ago," he said. "But the new 
 building is offered as a promise that this in 
 time shall be the standard of all markets of 
 the city. The start toward the reconstruc- 
 tion of Washington Market was made six 
 years ago by the money saved through 
 other economies. We saved nearly $500,- 
 000 from the $3,000,000 given to us to use 
 and $43,000 of this saving went toward the 
 remodeled market." 
 
 The history of Washington Market and 
 a detailed explanation of the great improve- 
 ments that had been made were given by 
 Matthew Micolino, President of the Wash- 
 ington Market Merchants' Association. 
 Others on the speakers' platform were 
 Ralph Folks, Commissioner of PubHc 
 Works; Simon Steiner, one of the oldest 
 dealers in Washington Market, and Mrs. 
 Julian Heath, President of the National 
 Housewives' League. 
 
 Borough President Marcus M. Marks, 
 Chairman of the Market Committee, who 
 called up on the long-distance telephone 
 from San Francisco when he was at the ex- 
 position to settle some of the details of the 
 market and to decide on the date of its 
 opening, told yesterday of the visits paid to 
 the old market by Edward VII. when he was 
 Prince of Wales and by Presidents Grant, 
 Garfield, Arthur, and Cleveland. He added: 
 
 "Presidents bring honor, but residents 
 bring business. I wish you both — busi- 
 ness and honor. The oysterman, Cornelius 
 Vanderbilt, was among those who in early 
 days helped to make the market a success. 
 In the old building the business had been 
 carried up to more than $5,000,000 a year, 
 and I prophesy that your business will run 
 up to $10,000,000 a year." 
 
 Controller Prendergast said that the new 
 market ought to arouse the people of the 
 city to the possibilities of having a fine 
 market system. 
 
 "We have been trying to solve the mar- 
 ket problem through three or four unre- 
 lated departments," he said, "but nothing 
 
146 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 can be accomplished without central au- 
 thority. Last Spring we asked the Legisla- 
 ture for authority to amend our charter to 
 provide for a Department of Markets, but 
 it refused. I think this was a great mistake. 
 We shall make the same application again 
 this Winter. If the new Constitution goes 
 through we will ask the Board of Aldermen 
 to pass a bill creating such a body." 
 
 During the week the special exhibits will 
 occupy places in the galleries. Up in the 
 gallery is a woman suffrage booth, from 
 which printed arguments in favor of giving 
 women the vote were distributed yesterday, 
 with oral arguments for those who stayed 
 to listen. In another corner of the gallery 
 the National Security League had an ex- 
 hibition of modern small arms and various 
 charts showing the low rank in military 
 strength held by this country in comparison 
 with other powers. The National House- 
 wives' League had a booth from which 
 advice on reducing the cost of living was 
 issued and various patent foods were ad- 
 vertised. 
 
 Today will be given over to an exposition 
 of the pure food principles for which the 
 market stands. The speakers will be Alfred 
 W. McCann, Joseph Hartigan, Commis- 
 sioner of Weights and Measures; John 
 Boschen, Sidney H. Goodacre, and Frank 
 H. Hines. Tomorrow will be suffrage day 
 and Thursday the day of the National 
 Housewives' League. Friday and Saturday 
 will be market days, with reduced prices 
 on everything. 
 
 OPENING OF TUNNEL 
 
 Chicago Record-Herald 
 
 NEW YORK, Feb. 26, 2 a. m.— Just at 
 midnight an electric train, jammed to its 
 capacity with marveling passengers, slipped 
 out of the Nineteenth street station, darted 
 down beneath the Hudson River and, a 
 few moments later, pulled into the terminus 
 at Hoboken, N. J. 
 
 This train was the first actual passenger 
 train to run through the new $60,000,000 
 tunnel and submarine system which con- 
 nects New York and New Jersey, and 
 
 which had been officially opened at 3:40 
 o'clock yesterday afternoon, by the pres- 
 sure of the presidential finger on a gold- 
 mounted telegraph key on President Roose- 
 velt's desk at the White House. 
 
 At the instant the signal flashed over the 
 wires from Washington, the power was 
 thrown into the machinery and the first 
 official train of the Hudson and Manhattan 
 Railroad Company, which constructed the 
 tunnel, started on its way. 
 
 Governor Hughes of New York, Gov- 
 ernor Fort of New Jersey, city officials 
 and railroad men of prominence, 800 alto- 
 gether, were in the official party. 
 
 The official train carried eight cars, all 
 of them filled to overflowing. MilUonaires 
 joined the ranks of the straphangers on this 
 occasion, E. H. Harriman among the num- 
 ber, while further down the same car Cor- 
 nelius Vanderbilt was propped up against 
 a door jamb. 
 
 Under the bed of the river midway 
 through the tube the train hesitated for a 
 moment where the boundary line between 
 New York and New Jersey was marked by 
 a chain of glittering incandescent lights. 
 The two governors arose and clasped hands, 
 and then the train dashed on and climbed 
 out of the big hole into the Hoboken depot 
 of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western 
 Railroad. 
 
 There a jollification meeting was held over 
 the successful accomplishment of a task 
 which has been repeatedly attempted, but 
 without results until William McAdoo took 
 hold. Governors Hughes and Fort were the 
 chief speakers and there were short ad- 
 dresses by representatives of the railroads 
 and of the cities interested. President 
 Roosevelt sent a personal letter to President 
 McAdoo, which was read. 
 
 The letter follows: 
 
 Feb. 17, 1908. My Dear Mr. McAdoo:— 
 Now that a beginning is to be made in open- 
 ing for operation the Hudson tunnel system, 
 I write to express my regret that I cannot be 
 present in person, and my high appreciation 
 of what you have accomplished. The tun- 
 neling of the Hudson River is indeed a notable 
 achievement — one of those achievements of 
 which all Americans are, as they should be, 
 justly proud. The tunnel itself and the great 
 
EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 147 
 
 buildings constructed in connection there- 
 with represent a work of extraordinary mag- 
 nitude, represent extraordinary difficulties 
 successfully overcome, while difficulty and 
 magnitude are even surpassed by the useful- 
 ness of the achievement. The whole system 
 is practically below tidal water, and this 
 makes it much the greatest subaqueous tun- 
 nel in the world. It is a bigger undertaking 
 than any Alpine tunnel which has yet been 
 constructed, and the successful completion 
 represents the moving of New Jersey bodily 
 three miles nearer to New York in point of 
 time and immensely increases the ease of 
 access from one state to the other. You who 
 ha\'B brought this great achievement to a suc- 
 cessful conclusion ought to be most heartily 
 congratulated. It is the kind of business 
 achievement which is in the highest degree 
 creditable to the American people, and for 
 which American people should feel and pub- 
 licly acknowledge their hearty gratitude. 
 Sincerely yours, 
 
 . THEODORE ROOSEVELT. 
 
 After the oratory, the guests were es- 
 corted through the imposing system of un- 
 derground terminals at the New Jersey end 
 of the tube, and then the official party re- 
 traversed the tunnel to New York. 
 
 Last night, the celebration of the event, 
 which is believed to be the first step in a 
 great system of tunnels under the Hudson, 
 was continued with a banquet at Sherry's. 
 The regular service began with the starting 
 of the first train at midnight. 
 
 President Roosevelt pressed the button 
 which formally opened the tunnel at 3 : 40 
 o'clock eastern time, yesterday afternoon, 
 immediately following the receipt of this 
 telegram from President McAdoo: 
 
 The first official train of the Hudson and 
 Manhattan Railroad Company, under the 
 Hudson River, awaits your signal and pleas- 
 
 UNVEILING OF STATUE 
 
 New York Evening Post 
 
 With the unveiling on Monday of the 
 new statue on Riverside Drive, Jeanne d' Arc 
 takes her place permanently in New York 
 city. New York is not the most natural 
 
 of settings for Jeanne d'Arc, burgerette of 
 Domremy-sur-Meuse, warrior, woman saint 
 of France, but since she is to be here, the 
 Drive is a good place for her. There is an 
 open sweep of view there, and hills beyond. 
 And, in early mornings, and at twilight 
 when the lights on the river begin to show 
 coral in the blue-gray mist, something very 
 like the spirit of the city is made visible. 
 
 It is this same characteristic — the see- 
 ing of the invisible, the touching of the 
 intangible — which is in the statue and 
 makes it what it is. Anna Vaughn Hyatt, 
 its sculptor, sees only the spiritual in 
 Jeanne, and in her work she holds indefi- 
 nitely for us the moment after the finding of 
 the consecrated sword, which Jeanne holds 
 high over her head as she stands erect in 
 her saddle, her head thrown back in exalta- 
 tion. The horse is all but prancing. There 
 is something of certainty and joyousness 
 about the whole which could be inspired by 
 nothing purely material or temporal. The 
 upward gesture of the sword is not without 
 meaning — it is the natural movement of a 
 person who has had a great revelation, a 
 deep creative instinct. She is holding the 
 sword up to God. 
 
 The idea of the statue for this city, to 
 celebrate the five hundredth anniversary of 
 the birth of Jeanne in 1412, and to be made 
 by an American woman sculptor, is about 
 six years old, and originated with J. San- 
 ford Saltus and George Frederick Kunz. 
 They are, respectively, the honorary presi- 
 dent and president of the Joan of Arc 
 Statue Committee, founded December 
 4, 1909, of which Gabriel Hanotaux and 
 Pierre Loti, membres de I'lnstitut Fran^ais, 
 are the honorary vice-presidents. The 
 work has taken time and it has been well 
 done. Besides the Committee of twenty- 
 four members, and the sculptor herself, 
 there was an architect, Prof. John V. Van 
 Pelt, a landscape architect, Carl F. Pilat, 
 a consultant on armor, Bashford Dean, 
 Ph.D., curator of armor at the MetropoH- 
 tan Museum of Art, Cass Gilbert, adviser 
 of architectural competition, a jury on ar- 
 chitectural competition, and a Committee 
 of the Municipal Art Commission on Whole 
 Design. 
 
148 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 The whole idea has been a combination 
 of the American with the French. Miss 
 Hyatt herself is of French descent and has 
 studied largely in France. The very foim- 
 dation of the statue is made of stones from 
 the Tower of Rouen, in which Jeanne was 
 confined. 
 
 And the dedication at 2 : 30 on Monday 
 afternoon, at Riverside Drive and 93d 
 Street, to which twenty-one societies and 
 institutes, both French and American, will 
 send delegations, bears out the idea well. 
 These delegations will come from the 
 American Scenic and Historic Preservation 
 Society, the Alliance Frangaise de New 
 York, the American Numismatic Society, 
 the Daughters of the American Revolution, 
 Daughters of the Revolution, F6d6ration 
 de I'Alliance Frangaise aux Etats-Unis, 
 Fine Arts Federation, France-America 
 Committee, Jeanne D'Arc Home, Metro- 
 politan Museum of Art, Museum of French 
 Art, Institut Frangais aux Etats-Unis, Na- 
 tional Academy of Design, National Sculp- 
 ture Society, New York Historical Society, 
 Soci6t6 des Architects Diplomas par le 
 Gouvernement, Soci^td Nationale des Pro- 
 fesseurs Frangais, Society of Beaux Arts 
 Architects, Society of the United States 
 Daughters of 1812, Society of the War of 
 1812, Sons of the American Revolution, 
 Sons of the Revolution. 
 
 The service of dedication will open with 
 the American National Anthem played by 
 the French Band of the Lafayette Guards. 
 The Very Rev. Theophile Wucher, pastor of 
 the French Chiirch of St. Vincent de Paul, 
 will give the invocation. Dr. Kunz the ad- 
 dress of welcome, and J. Sanford Saltus the 
 address of presentation. The statue will be 
 unveiled by Mrs. Thomas A. Edison, one of 
 the Committee members, and the unveiling 
 will be followed by the French National 
 Anthem and salute. After the statue has 
 been received in the name of the city by 
 Park Commissioner Cabot Ward, a letter 
 of congratulation from President Wilson 
 will be read and addresses will be made 
 by J. J. Jusserand, French Ambassador to 
 the United States; Robert W. de Forest, 
 LL.D., president of the Metropolitan Mu- 
 seum of Art; McDougall Hawkes, president 
 
 of the Museum of French Art, I'lnstitut 
 Frangais aux Etats-Unis; Professor Dela- 
 marre, secretary-general of the Federation 
 de I'Alliance Frangaise aux Etats-Unis, and 
 J. Alden Weir, president of the National 
 Academy of Design. If the weather is not 
 fair on Monday, these exercises will be held 
 in the American Museum of Natural His- 
 tory. 
 
 President Wilson's letter which will be 
 placed in the pedestal with letters from 
 Governor Whitman and leading city offi- 
 cials, says: 
 
 "My dear Dr. Kunz: 
 
 "I hope that on Monday, December the 
 sixth, you will convey to the Joan of Arc 
 Statue Committee my warmest congratu- 
 lations upon the successful completion of 
 their work. 
 
 "Joan of Arc is one of those ideal historic 
 figures to whom the thought of patriotic 
 people turns back for inspiration. In her 
 seems to have been embodied the pure en- 
 thusiasm which makes for all that is heroic 
 and poetic. 
 
 "Cordially and sincerely yours, 
 
 "WooDROw Wilson." 
 
 This statue is the fifteenth equestrian 
 statue of Jeanne d'Arc, but it is the first one 
 made by a woman. Thirteen of these are 
 in France, and one in Philadelphia. The 
 figure of the Maid was modelled after Clara 
 Hunter Hyatt, the sculptor's niece, but the 
 face is idealistic, giving Miss Hyatt's own 
 conception of the way Jeanne looked. The 
 horse was modelled in Paris, but the final 
 work for the statue was done in Miss Hy- 
 att's Studio in Annisquam, Massachusetts, 
 where she worked almost entirely outdoors. 
 A model of this statue has been placed in the 
 Cathedral at Blois where Jeanne was con- 
 firmed and a bronze copy will be placed in 
 front of the Cathedral as soon as the money 
 can be raised. 
 
 Especially numerous are the statues and 
 memorials of Jeanne in and around Dom- 
 remy, now caUed Domremy-la-Pucelle in 
 her honor. A statue of her by E. Paul, 
 erected in 1885, stands in front of the vil- 
 lage church and above the door is a mural 
 painting by Baize representing her as she 
 listened to the Voices. In the garden of the 
 
EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 149 
 
 cottage where she was born, near to the 
 church, is a group by Merci6 showing her 
 as she left her home led by the Genius of 
 France, and over the door are the royal 
 arms of France and those given to Jeanne 
 and her family. In a niche above is a kneel- 
 ing figure of a girl, made about 1456, and 
 the cottage has become almost a museum, 
 filled with small belongings of Jeanne her- 
 self. It is hard to come back from Dom- 
 remy-la-Pucelle to the corner of Riverside 
 Drive and 93d Street. But, even here, the 
 Maid may feel not entirely homeless. She 
 brings her joy and her certainty with her, 
 and at twilight, if she glances out over the 
 river to the hills, she may find, where the 
 lights show coral through the mist, a 
 glimpse of things unseen. 
 
 Note — The next two stones, which describe 
 a pageant parade, should be compared with 
 reference to style and tone. 
 
 AUTOMOBILE PAGEANT PARADE 
 
 (1) 
 New York Herald 
 
 More than three thousand automobiles, 
 many of them handsomely decorated and 
 illimiinated, helped to impress upon 
 throngs of spectators in the city streets 
 last night the fact that great strides have 
 been made in the development of both 
 pleasure and service vehicles. The pag- 
 eant, which was a feature of the Tercen- 
 tenary celebration, also gave to thousands 
 an hour of brightness and pleasure. 
 
 The parade started in Harlem, and, after 
 covering the principal streets there, swept 
 down town and passed the reviewing stand 
 in front of the New York Public Library. 
 Governor Glynn and Mayor Mitchel 
 reached the stand at the head of the col- 
 umn. They were accompanied, the Gover- 
 nor by his staff, and Mayor Mitchel by 
 prominent citizens. 
 
 As both officials had other engagements, 
 they left before the second division ar- 
 rived, but they enjoyed seeing the motor- 
 cycles dash past, many in grotesque deco- 
 Tations. 
 
 As one of the motorcycles sped down 
 Fifth avenue below Forty-second street 
 it encountered a big automobile. Police- 
 men managed to draw them apart. 
 
 One of the amusing features of the divi- 
 sion was the musicians riding on motor- 
 cycles. They had on war bonnets and 
 were escorted by a band of Indians. 
 
 One young woman in white duck trou- 
 sers, coat and cap, her costume being the 
 counterpart of that of her male compan- 
 ion, attracted a good deal of attention, as 
 the two sped past the official stand. 
 
 The celerity with which this division 
 went down Fifth avenue led spectators 
 who filled the three stands — the Governor's 
 at the south, the Mayor's in the centre 
 and a third at the north of the block — as 
 well as the thousands forming a solid mass 
 along the streets, to believe that the 
 pageant would move quickly. But a wait 
 of almost half an hour ensued after the 
 passing of the " Indians." 
 
 At last the intercepted line of decorated 
 automobiles began to appear, and for more 
 than an hour there was an unceasing 
 flashing of brilliant lights, massed flowers, 
 bunting, pennants and flags, aU of which 
 formed attractive decorations. 
 
 "Neutrality" was greeted with applause 
 when an automobile filled with young 
 women dressed in the national colors 
 whizzed by the judges' box. "He Comes 
 Up Smiling," showing an unusually tall 
 man wearing bathroom attire, who fre- 
 quently plunged into the depths of a huge 
 bathtub, brought forth shouts. 
 
 The suffragists had four automobiles in 
 one division. These were decorated with 
 "votes for women" colors and pennants 
 and big banners across the tonneau with 
 " Victory in 1915 " in black letters on yellow 
 or blue. 
 
 Louis Annis Ames acted as grand mar- 
 shal and William G. Poertner was marshal. 
 The judges of decorated cars were George 
 W. Breck, W. A. Boring, Alan R. Hawley, 
 William W. Knowles, Harry H. Good, E. 
 A. McCoy and William H. Page. The asso- 
 ciate judges of the automobile division 
 were Alfred Reeves and C. F. Clarkson; 
 of the motorcycle division, F. V. Clark and 
 
15° 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 J. L. Sauer, and of the advertising, O. J. 
 Gude, William H. Jones, Russell Field, 
 A, M. Van Buren and George B. Van Cleve. 
 A reception to Governor Glynn and 
 Mayor Mitchel was held after the parade 
 at the AutomobUe Club of America, No. 
 247 West Fifty-fourth street. 
 
 (2) 
 New York World 
 
 Have you ever been in a smoking car 
 when the man in the seat ahead was trying 
 to prove that forced draught does not im- 
 prove the natural perfume of a rubber 
 plant in a cigar make-up? If you have not 
 it will be impossible to bring to you from 
 last night the atmosphere of the automo- 
 bile parade in celebration of New York's 
 three hundredth business birthday. 
 
 The fact that many of , the automobiles 
 were charmingly decorated proved nothing 
 except that one can never tell by the band 
 what sort of smoke it is wrapped around. 
 
 Take a pretty light blue scarf of oil 
 smudge and weave it about festoons of parti- 
 colored incandescent globes suspended 
 along the sidewalks, and you have the 
 scene at Fifth avenue and Forty-second 
 street last night, as the parade snorted 
 past the reviewing stand in front of the 
 public library. 
 
 The plan was to have Gov. Glynn and 
 Mayor Mitchel sit in the stand and watch 
 the parade go by. But the Governor and 
 the Mayor had so many other engagements 
 last night that they started with the pa- 
 rade, arrived half an hour before it, and got 
 away before the parade arrived at the 
 reviewing stand. 
 
 Fortunately, however, most persons in 
 the automobiles did not know that, and 
 the men saluted just as correctly, and the 
 women bowed just ^s sweetly, as if the 
 rulers were on the job — so nobody could 
 see that it made much difference that they 
 were not. 
 
 Officials in charge said that the reason 
 the motorcycle portion of the parade ar- 
 rived about half an hour before the next 
 section was that the motorcycles could not 
 
 stop or they would tip over. The fact that 
 there were several long gaps in the parade 
 was due to no fault of theirs, the officials 
 added. 
 
 The gaps gave spectators — when they 
 weren't thinking how chilly it had got 
 all of a sudden — a chance to observe how 
 neat and roomy the Fifth avenue roadway 
 looks when there is no traffic on it. Many 
 persons thought this the most remarkable 
 sight of the evening. 
 
 More than 2,000 automobiles and trucks 
 and 1,000 motorcycles were in line. Prizes 
 worth more than $6,000 had been offered 
 — $5,000 worth by the Tercentenary Com- 
 mission. 
 
 By way of proving that some persons 
 wiU try anything once to win a prize, 
 women in some of the most beautifully 
 gotten up cars failed to put on the same 
 amount of clothes they would fail to put 
 on if they were going to the opera. Nobody 
 denied that this was a fetching idea in auto- 
 mobile decorations — but it was cold enough 
 last night to wear at least a necklace, which, 
 indeed, some of those women did. 
 
 Among the floats was one advertising a 
 make of auto tire. Two gigantic human 
 shaped figures, made of tiring — or what- 
 ever they call the stuff they make tires of 
 — wobbled about on a big float. Then 
 there was a man who kept coming up smil- 
 ing from the depths of a big bathtub. When 
 one saw him at a distance one was thrUled, 
 but on nearer view one perceived that he 
 was really wearing tights. 
 
 The Peace Float, the Santa Claus Ship 
 (which The World is going to send to 
 Europe laden with presents for the father- 
 less). The World's own float, showing the 
 way New York got its news three hundred 
 years ago and the way it gets it to-day (in 
 The World, of course), the Woman Suf- 
 frage automobiles, and private machines 
 covered with flowers, were among the en- 
 tries which drew applause from a quarter 
 million persons who banked the line of 
 march from One Hundred and Twenty- 
 fifth street and Madison avenue through 
 numerous other streets, including Broad- 
 way and Fifth avenue to the point of dis- 
 persal at Columbus Circle. 
 
EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 151 
 
 It might be mentioned that Ralph De 
 Palma, automobile racer, carrying officials 
 in his car, and under instructions to hustle 
 from the tail to the head of the parade, 
 bumped into a touring car at Fifty-seventh 
 street and Fifth avenue. The touring car 
 lost a mudguard. 
 
 A reception for Gov. Glynn and Mayor 
 Mitchel, who are Honorary Presidents of 
 the Commission, was held in the Automo- 
 bile Club of America after the parade. 
 
 MEMORIAL DAY PARADE 
 
 New York Times 
 
 Eight hundred white-haired veterans of 
 the civil war paraded yesterday under faded 
 and bullet-riddled flags in the Memorial 
 Day procession along Riverside Drive from 
 Seventy-fourth Street to Ninety-second 
 Street. Because it was the fiftieth anniver- 
 sary of the end of their days on the battle- 
 field, because the Grand Army men had 
 felt the vibration of patriotic feeling in the 
 atmosphere, and because it was a perfect 
 day, the soldiers of the civil war, in spite of 
 the waste in their ranks which old age had 
 made in recent years, turned out yesterday 
 in greater number than they have at any 
 Memorial Day procession in the preceding 
 three years. 
 
 The weather brought out great crowds 
 along the Drive and in other parts of the 
 city where Memorial Day exercises of one 
 kind or another were held. With the sky 
 cloudless and the sun shining brilliantly, 
 breezes from the Hudson River kept the 
 marchers and the spectators cool and put 
 life even into flags which shells and time 
 had almost reduced to ribbons. 
 
 Probably more than 50,000 people had 
 gathered along the line of march. As the 
 crowd was larger it was also more enthusi- 
 astic than usual. The big demonstrations 
 were, of course, for the game old men and 
 the pathetic ruins of their colors. In spite 
 of the fact that the majority of them had 
 passed three score and ten and that many 
 crippled by old wounds and age had to 
 carry canes, they responded quickly to 
 tactical orders from their commanders and 
 
 as a body moved with the precision of a 
 smooth-running war machine. 
 
 Receiving cheers and shouts of encour- 
 agement at every block, they were kept 
 busy smiling and saluting. They passed 
 thousands and thousands of American 
 flags, as a large proportion of those in the 
 crowd carried small ones. Flags were hung 
 out of windows all along the Drive. 
 
 The flag display throughout the city 
 yesterday, as well as along the line of march 
 of the procession, was the greatest the city 
 has seen since Spanish war days at least. 
 Along many of the residence streets flags 
 hung in clusters. Along Broadway, wher- 
 ever there was a flagpole, there was a large 
 flag out, while small ones by thousands 
 flapped from windows and thousands of 
 tiny ones stuck out of buttonholes. 
 
 Special cheers along the line of march 
 were given for the twelve doughty old 
 Zouaves who appeared in faded red baggy 
 trousers with the characteristic jacket and 
 tasseled fez. Also the crowds approved 
 noisily of occasional ranks of veterans who 
 appeared with swords drawn and the 
 blades flashing brightly. 
 
 One of the marchers who was cheered 
 all the way along the route was George 
 Sebech of Reno Post, No. 44, who carried 
 medals for service both in the Mexican and 
 in the civil war. He marched sturdily, and 
 continually saluted and waved his hat at 
 the ovation he received. He said: 
 
 "I am 98 years old, but I'll be marching 
 here ten years from now, when these 
 Spanish war boys are getting gray." 
 
 A platoon of mounted police formed the 
 head of the column and was followed by a 
 battalion of regidar troops of the Coast 
 Artillery. Next came the First Division of 
 the National Guard, commanded by Major 
 Gen. John F. O'Ryan. Following were the 
 survivors of the Grand Army, headed by 
 the Grand Marshal, Commander Sher- 
 burne C. Van Tassel, who rode a bay 
 charger. The members of his staff were 
 Adjt. Gen. Joseph B. Lord, Past Grand 
 Marshals William E. Van Wyck, George 
 M. Barry, Samuel Mildenburg, Isidore 
 Isaacs, George H. Stevens, George S. Drew, 
 Simpson Hamburger, and WiUiam Ivirch- 
 
152 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 ner, Assistant Adjutants M. B. Wood, John 
 H. Wood, Charles W. Brown, H. J. Kear- 
 ney, Frank J. Schleder, Harry B. Dennison, 
 E. K. Fassett, Wilham H. Elliott, Captain 
 Howard M. Graff, Chief Aid and Aids 
 David Loria, Hugh Fitzpatrick, Henry 
 Holmes, Charles Farmer, Daniel D. Lawlor, 
 Theodore Joffe, and George Blair. 
 
 The guard of honor to the Grand Mar- 
 shal included Farragut Naval Post, No. 
 516; Farragut Fleet, Port of New York; 
 the Monitor Association, Port of Brooklyn; 
 the Ella Bixby Tent, No. 18, Daughters of 
 Veterans, and Adams Goss Post, No. 330. 
 
 There were four divisions of Grand Army 
 Posts, and in the other divisions marched 
 several columns of Spanish War veterans 
 in khaki and blue flannel, numerous fife 
 and drum corps, bands and semi-miUtary 
 organizations. 
 
 In the reviewing stand at Eighty-ninth 
 Street were Rear Admirals C. D. Sigsbee, 
 General N. W. Day, General Anson G. 
 McCook, Colonel George E. Dewey, Col- 
 onel James E. March, General Horace 
 Porter, Colonel C. Blakewell, and Captain 
 J. B. Greenhut, besides many city officials 
 and prominent men. 
 
 CHRISTMAS 
 
 Washington Times 
 
 Santa Claus, Inc., President of the 
 Christmas Cheer Corporation. Organized 
 in the District of Columbia under charter 
 of December 24, 1915. 
 
 It had to come. The job was getting too 
 big for one jovial, rotimd man, and he was 
 afraid he would miss some chimnej^s. So 
 Santa, this year, is a captain of industry, 
 operating in everj^ home in the District of 
 Columbia, and in institutions as well, and 
 so far the Sherman anti-trust law hasn't 
 got him. 
 
 Sleighs were too slow. Anyway there 
 isn't any snow. Bells were too noisy. 
 
 The motor truck has taken the place of 
 the sleigh. And instead of depending upon 
 his own efforts, Santa has enlisted practi- 
 cally every organization, every lodge, every 
 society, every church, every settlement 
 
 house and every mission, and thousands of 
 individuals in his gigantic Christmas cheer 
 enterprise. 
 
 Like all great magnates, Santa is not 
 seen by his workers. But his spirit presides 
 over the entire project, and societies, clubs, 
 groups and individuals are working busily 
 in his name. 
 
 Every church, for example, is planning 
 its annual Christmas celebration. An effort 
 is being made this year to have every church 
 provide for the poor in its territory, and, 
 instead of the erstwhile custom of giving 
 gifts to its own members, many Sunday 
 schools have applied to the Associated 
 Charities for names of families to whom 
 they might carry Christmas dinners and 
 other gifts. 
 
 For the homeless of the District the 
 Salvation Army, the Gospel Mission, and 
 the Central Union Mission are giving tur- 
 key dinners, to be followed by Christmas 
 trees for those children where the home 
 Christmas might not be as happy as it 
 should be. 
 
 At the Associated Charities volunteers 
 are busily working today arranging bas- 
 kets to be taken to the homes of families on 
 that organization's list, and in every case 
 the Christmas dinner will be accompanied 
 by some gift more lasting, such as a quan- 
 tity of coal or clothing. These gifts are paid 
 for from special contributions to the Christ- 
 mas fund, and they are in addition to the 
 fourteen "opportunities" by which the 
 Associated Charities, co-operating with the 
 newspapers of the city, hopes to make 
 fourteen homes happy throughout the 
 year. 
 
 At both the Central Union and the Gos- 
 pel Missions turkey dinners will be served, 
 and at the Salvation Army there will be a 
 Christmas breakfast in addition to the 
 dinner. 
 
 In enlarging the scope of his work and 
 his force of helpers, Santa Claus has not 
 forgotten that he is primarily the patron 
 saint of children. One of his principal help- 
 ers is the Santa Claus girl, whose home at 
 70 Seaton place is piled high with gifts for 
 those children whose names have been fur- 
 nished through charity organizations, or 
 
EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 153 
 
 by friends, and by letters written to Santa 
 Claus. 
 
 Dolls, drums, engines, skates, sweaters, 
 and everything in which the child heart 
 delights are piled high at the headquarters 
 of the Christ Child Society, 929 G street, 
 awaiting distribution among poor children. 
 This year there are 2,000 names on the list 
 to receive presents. 
 
 Miss Mary V. Merrick is in charge of this 
 work, and she has been assisted by Miss 
 Charlotte Campbell, Mrs. James Gowel, 
 Miss Florence Roach and Miss A. Ives. 
 Scores of dolls were contributed by the doll 
 guild, of which Miss Leta Montgomery is 
 director. Sewing circles have given large 
 quantities of clothing and the American 
 Security and Trust Company has provided 
 vans for the distribution of the bimdles. 
 
 Entire Government departments will 
 celebrate Christmas; other Government 
 bm-eaus, business houses, and military 
 posts will have community celebrations. 
 
 An unusual celebration will take place 
 this evening in the office of the chief clerk 
 of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. 
 All week the clerks have been buying small 
 gifts suitable for children. Names of all the 
 clerks who are "playing the game" will be 
 placed in a hat this evening, and then draw- 
 ings will be made for the presents. After 
 the gifts have been drawn, and the joke at 
 the expense of the recipients appreciated, 
 all the toys will be turned over to some in- 
 stitution, and any left over will be sent to 
 the home of the Santa Claus girl. This 
 plan was conceived by and carried out 
 under the direction of Miss Mary A. 
 Carpenter. 
 
 Over at Fort Myer Uncle Sam's soldiers 
 will decorate a Christmas tree in the gym- 
 nasium under the direction of wives of 
 oflBcers at the post, to be exhibited on Tues- 
 day for the benefit of the children of the 
 retired soldiers and those of men now on 
 duty at the Philippines. 
 
 Not only the poor, but those who are 
 away from home, will have plenty of pro- 
 vision made for their Christmas cheer. At 
 the Y. M. C. A. the usual visitation will be 
 made to the rooms of all young men, and 
 during the day there will be Christmas 
 
 activities of various sorts by the clubs and 
 departments of the association. 
 
 The Young Women's Christian Associa- 
 tion has planned a day which, it hopes, will 
 drive homesickness from the heart of any 
 girl who is away from her home at this sea- 
 son. The building at 619 Fourteenth street 
 will be open from 3 until 9 o'clock. A 
 Christmas party will be in progress during 
 that time. Games will be played, Christ- 
 mas carols will be sung by the Y. W. C. A. 
 Choral Club, and a tree will yield gifts for 
 everyone. Refreshments will be served. 
 
 In addition to the distribution of baskets 
 to be made by the Salvation Army and the 
 missions, Almas Temple, Nobles of the 
 Mystic Shrine, is to give away 500 Christ- 
 mas baskets, Central Union Mission will 
 distribute between 400 and 500 baskets 
 and Gospel Mission will send about 500. 
 Boy Scouts have been enlisted in the work 
 of distributing these gifts. 
 
 The observance will spread to inmates of 
 District institutions. At the workhouse at 
 Occoquan men will be given a holiday and 
 a special dinner, and they will attend a 
 special Christmas service tomorrow after- 
 noon. At the District jail a special dinner, 
 which includes turkey, will be served. 
 
 At the Petworth School playgrounds 
 there will be a community Christmas tree 
 celebration tonight at 7 o'clock. A large 
 tree will be decorated with lights, and school 
 children will form a chorus to sing Christ- 
 mas carols. This celebration will be imder 
 the auspices of the Petworth Citizens' 
 Association. 
 
 This afternoon there will be a Christmas 
 entertainment at Washington Barracks, 
 when Kris Kringle will appear with a bag 
 laden with toys and good things for the 
 children. The tree will be on the platform 
 of the post exchange building. A musical 
 program will be given by the post band. 
 
 At the Central Presbyterian Church, 
 where the President attends services, gift- 
 bringing as well as gift-giving was a feature 
 of the Christmas exercises. For that reason 
 the services were held on Monday, and gifts 
 brought at that time are being sent to the 
 Lynchburg Orphanage, the Mountain 
 School, at Grundy, Va., and the Red Cross 
 
^54 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 war fund, to the city missions, and several 
 charities of the city. 
 
 At the Neighborhood House, Friendship 
 House, and Noel House, there will be 
 Christmas trees, and celebrations extend- 
 ing until New Year, with daily features, 
 such as entertainments, plays, musicales, 
 and other provisions for the children of 
 those neighborhoods. 
 
 Students from Washington who are at- 
 tending colleges and schools away from 
 Washington began to pour into the city to- 
 day, and enlivened the crowds on F street. 
 Washington schools and colleges have 
 closed for the hoHdays. Many activities 
 have been planned for the holidays by 
 students at George Washington Univer- 
 sity. Teas, dances, suppers, banquets, and 
 theater parties are among the functions 
 planned by fraternities, student societies, 
 and groups of students. 
 
 CHRISTMAS IN CHILDREN'S 
 HOSPITAL 
 
 Providence Journal 
 
 "Hey, you, I got more Christmas pres- 
 ents 'n you did. An' I gotta pitcher taken 
 thing with a snake in it. Wot'dju git?" 
 
 "I gotta chu-chu, an' a lotta other stuff 
 and things. An', an', I gotta dawg." 
 
 This was the conversation, no, only a 
 part of the dialogue, which passed between 
 Little Jimmie Trupper and Mildred Conner 
 at the Rhode Island Hospital yesterday 
 afternoon, after Santa Claus had entered 
 through the window and dispensed his good 
 cheer from a tree which stood in the centre 
 of the children's ward. 
 
 Jimmie has been in a form for months, 
 being treated for spinal trouble. He could 
 only move his hands, roll his head and laugh. 
 But, oh, how he did laugh, and sing, too. 
 And little Mildred, she was strapped to 
 a board. Mildred has not advanced far 
 enough to be taken off the board and put 
 into a form; but she, too, could move her 
 hands and roll her head and laugh and 
 cuddle her "dawg" to her bosom. 
 
 The ward contains 39 children at pres- 
 ent, suffering from injuries and being 
 
 treated for various ailments. Perhaps some 
 of them will never have another Christmas. 
 But if you had closed your eyes and heard 
 them laughing and singing, you would 
 never have thought you were in a hospital. 
 Many of them were able to sit up, and so 
 that they could all be in one room, two were 
 put in some beds. Those who could sit up 
 had little red wrappers over their nighties, 
 and propped up around the sides of the 
 room, they looked for all the world like 
 little animated red holly berries. 
 
 Santa was delayed. He told them he 
 had gotten as far as the grounds, and then, 
 having forgotten one present, had to drive 
 5000 miles back to his ice-covered palace. 
 And then, when he returned, Jerry, one of 
 his reindeers, had fallen into the pond in 
 front of the hospital, and it had taken two 
 hours to fish him out; honest, it did. 
 
 But, oh, what a reception he received. 
 Thirty-nine little bed-ridden tots singing 
 "Jingle Bells" when he bounded in the 
 window. Singing, did we say? Could they 
 sing? You should have heard them. Angels 
 never sang sweeter. They warbled and 
 caroled, just as if they were as free as the 
 birds, instead of being inmates of a hospital 
 ward. 
 
 And, my, what a tree! It touched the 
 ceiling, and its boughs hung down with its 
 heavy burdens. Only a Christmas tree can 
 bear such products — and such trees as 
 that one don't grow everywhere and don't 
 bring such cheer. There were dolls and 
 games, houses and boats, dogs and cats, 
 stoves and balls, and bags and bags of 
 candy. The tree was decorated with chains 
 and strings of pop corn and Santas which 
 had been made by the children themselves. 
 
 The presents were given out first, and 
 then came the candy and oranges. The bags 
 of candy were torn open, almost greedily, 
 and there was a general sticky munching. 
 
 "Aren't you afraid you will make your- 
 self sick eating so much candy?" Richard 
 LjTich was asked. 
 
 "No, I ain't," he replied. "I never gits 
 sick." 
 
 Richard has been in a form a long time 
 now, and so, of course, he's not sick. Alfred 
 Morrisetti was in the next bed, and be- 
 
EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 155 
 
 tween crammings of sweet stuffs, they com- 
 pared their much-valued presents. 
 
 "Didja see my ball?" asked Richard, as 
 he held up a rubber ball which he will hardly 
 be able to get the full benefit of for a long, 
 long time yet. 
 
 " Yes, but it ain't half as nice as my bug," 
 Alfred replied, holding up a wriggley crea- 
 ture which shivered and shook as it was 
 waved about. " I'm goinna call it Hinny 
 'cause its all on hinges." 
 
 There was little Mary Hayes, another 
 spinal case, who received a set of dishes 
 and a broom and a dust pan and insisted 
 she was going to play "keeping house." 
 Each present was better than the other, 
 and there were many for each patient. 
 
 Flitting from bed to bed, winding up 
 toys and adjusting pillows was Miss Laura 
 B. Anderson, the nurse in charge of the 
 ward. Along with Miss Anderson was Miss 
 Margaret Smith, the children's teacher, 
 who taught them the songs they sang, and 
 makes herself much beloved by the young 
 charges entrusted to her care. 
 
 Many convalescent adult patients were 
 present, having been helped in from other 
 wards. They were all remembered, too, as 
 well as the children, when the candy and 
 fruits were passed out by Dr. H. D. Clough, 
 who played the part of Santa Claus. Sev- 
 eral trustees, a number of the house staff 
 and visiting doctors, with their wives, were 
 also present. 
 
 Music was furnished by Miss Virginia 
 Boyd Anderson's Orchestra. Piano solos 
 were rendered by Dr. N. B. Cole and in- 
 strumental duets by Drs. Cole and W. O. 
 Rice. A vocal quartet was also made up of 
 Drs. Cole, Rice, H. G. Calder and B. H. 
 Buxton. In every part of the programme 
 the children joined and clapped until one 
 would have thought their little hands would 
 be sore. 
 
 Early this morning the nurses visited 
 various parts of the hospital singing carols. 
 The choir from Grace Church will sing at 
 the hospital this afternoon and St. Stephen's 
 choir will be there Sunday afternoon. To- 
 day the children will have another presen- 
 tation, when they will be visited by their 
 parents and friends. 
 
 CHRISTMAS PANTOMIME 
 
 New York Times 
 
 Just as the strolling players of old Eng- 
 land put up their booths in the public 
 square, so the players of Stuart Walker's 
 Portmanteau Theatre arranged a stage for 
 a pantomime last night in Madison Square. 
 The play, it had been announced, would 
 begin at 9 o'clock, but many of the plaj-ers 
 were unable to get away from engagements 
 at uptowTi theatres on time. Meanwhile 
 the crowd grew. 
 
 It was a long wait. The arc lights in the 
 park had been turned off. The clouds, 
 which were hanging so low that their soft 
 masses could be seen flying past the light 
 on the top of the Metropolitan tower, 
 threatened to pour down a shower at any 
 minute. All of the lights on the giant 
 Christmas tree near by had been turned 
 off, except the star, and the wind whistled 
 and moaned in the tree as it tossed the 
 waving green branches. Only a band 
 which was concealed behind the stage kept 
 any liveliness stirring. 
 
 Finally, at 9:30, concealed lights on the 
 stage lit up the blue scenery and the panto- 
 mime began. The name of the play was 
 "The Seven Gifts, a Fantasy of Christmas 
 Giving." The principal characters were 
 the Wanderer, the Majordomo, the Emer- 
 ald Queen, Jack-in-the-Box, the Lowly 
 Man, his Son, the Rich Man, the Haughty 
 Lady, the Humble Woman, the Brave 
 Man, the Strolling Player, Pierrot, the Moon 
 Lady, and the Dear Child. Placards at 
 the side of the theatre announced the action 
 of the play so that all might understand. 
 
 The trumpeters signaled for silence. The 
 crowd of about 2,500, which stretched on 
 all the paths as far as Fifth Avenue, be- 
 came still. Chimes sounded as the Wan- 
 derer, an old man with a pack on his back, 
 clad in garb of brown, blue and yellow, 
 came from among the spectators. He saw 
 the stage with its closely drawn curtains. 
 What was it all for, he mutely questioned, 
 and started to pull the curtains of the the- 
 atre within a theatre to investigate, but at 
 that moment out stepped the prologuist 
 and answered his question by telling mutely, 
 
156 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 "The theatre is for you, Wanderer, and for 
 you and you and you," to the audience, 
 "and for all who come to share this fan- 
 tasy." 
 
 Then the inner curtain slowly rose and 
 disclosed the court of the Emerald Queen 
 with her attendants. In the course of the 
 play seven gifts were brought to her. The 
 first was Jack-in-the-Box, which part was 
 taken by Tom Powers, who danced for the 
 Queen. Then the Lowly Man and his son 
 brought in a scraggly little Christmas tree, 
 which, however, being the best they had, 
 was acceptable to the Queen. The Haughty 
 Lady brought flowers, but would take no 
 notice of the Lowly Man and his son. 
 
 The Richest Man in the World brought 
 to the Queen many treasures, but when a 
 bubble blew across the stage and the Queen 
 wished for it, neither he nor his attendants 
 could capture it. Finally, when he man- 
 aged to touch it, it burst. 
 
 Then the Humble Woman came with her 
 bird, but when a cage was brought for it 
 she set it free, refusing to give it into cap- 
 tivity. The Haughty Lady was very much 
 touched and became repentant of her proud 
 action. The Bravest Man in the World 
 then entered and had an amusing fight with 
 Jack-in-the-Box, who simulated a tiger. 
 Then came the strolling players with their 
 play. 
 
 Scenery was set up and a pretty story of 
 Pierrot and the Moon Lady enacted. 
 
 The Moon Lady first appeared as an old 
 hag to whom Pierrot offered food. But she 
 wanted kisses, for only by the kiss of one 
 who had never kissed a fair lady could she 
 regain her maidenly form. Pierrot was 
 evidently the one to do the job, for as soon 
 as he kissed her she became the beautiful 
 Moon Lady once again and Pierrot fell 
 madly in love with her. He chased her, 
 but she eluded him, wafting her veil tanta- 
 lizingly in his face. At last, when the sun 
 rose, she was forced to leave him alto- 
 gether, and Pierrot was quite broken up 
 about it. 
 
 The seventh gift was from the Dear 
 Child, who presented her own doll, some- 
 what the worst for wear, to the Queen. 
 But this gift came from the heart and was 
 
 worth all the others. The Queen told her 
 that she might take what she would of the 
 many presents that had been brought. 
 Looking at all the gifts her eye finally 
 lighted on the bright star at the top of the 
 great tree in the square. She said she 
 wanted that, and as the Queen and cour- 
 tiers followed her gesture the huge tree 
 burst into light. The Queen dismissed the 
 others and departed herself. 
 
 Turning, the child saw that the room 
 was empty, and there was her gift on the 
 throne. She took the doll to look at each 
 present, but the doll, too, refused them all. 
 Then the child placed the doll on the 
 Queen's throne, to play at being Queen, 
 while the lights on the stage grew dimmer 
 and dimmer, as the fantasy ended. 
 
 Many left because the narrow paths of 
 the park were crowded, but had there been 
 one wide-open space, ten times the number 
 could have seen the play. 
 
 LAST DAY FOR STRAW HATS 
 
 Milwaukee Evening Wisconsin 
 
 Died, on August 31, 1909, at 60 minutes 
 past 11, S. Traw Hatt, aged 92 days and 
 some minutes, at his late place of abode at 
 41144 Cranium place. Deceased was a 
 prominent figure in the downtown district, 
 being usually accompanied by a band. His 
 demise was not unexpected but was never- 
 theless a shock to many who were accus- 
 tomed to take chances with the lake breezes 
 until far into autumn. Hatt and Dame 
 Fashion were closely allied during the sum- 
 mer silly season, but his departure from 
 this existence apparently is not mourned 
 by the fickle despot, who herself had fore- 
 told that September 1 would see the last of 
 Hatt. Hatt, despite his unmistakable mas- 
 culinity, was frequently mistaken for the 
 mysterious Miss Dolly Dimples of The 
 Evening Wisconsin, and it was a common 
 sight to see him madly pursued by a score 
 of irate but prominent citizens in the vicin- 
 ity of Grand avenue bridge on a windy day. 
 It probably was because of Hatt's close 
 proximity to many classic brows that he 
 was so popular in various Greek boot-black 
 
EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 157 
 
 establishments, where the swarthy sons of 
 Hellas spent ten minutes at a time in put- 
 ting him through oxalic baths with the 
 hope of insuring longevity and pristine 
 luster. Hatt's only near relatives are Miss 
 Peach B. Asket and Mrs. Sue P. Bowie. 
 Appropriate requiem services will be held 
 at the board of trade today. Interment 
 will be in the family attic or a handy ash 
 barrel. Inscribed on the tomb will be the 
 legend : 
 
 "We loved our Straws but oh you Felts." 
 
 BANQUET 
 
 New York World 
 
 In response to the toast, "The Land 0' 
 Cakes," Andrew Carnegie, speaking last 
 night at the St. Andrew's Society banquet, 
 practically rolled all the cakes there are 
 into one big doughnut, bit off the entire 
 rim for Scotland, and left England, Ireland, 
 America, Asia and Africa to divide the hole 
 among themselves. 
 
 Entirely surrounded by Scotch flags, 
 Scotch music, Scotch whiskey and gentle- 
 men in kilts, Mr. Carnegie looked the most 
 pleased man in the world as he got up to 
 speak. He had just led the singing of the 
 "Star Spangled Banner," and "God Save 
 the King," and remarked in his first para- 
 graph that he hadn't much voice left for 
 his speech. 
 
 But, with Scotland for a text, he man- 
 aged to talk brawly for about twenty min- 
 utes, and by the time he was back in his 
 seat Scotland had claimed everything in 
 sight. 
 
 "Scotland is a land of small population, 
 but her sons, though few, are deep," said 
 the Ironmaster. Everybody laughed at 
 that, but Mr. Carnegie held up a depre- 
 cating hand and said that he wasn't trying 
 to be funny, that he was seizing the occasion 
 to make known just a little of what Scotch- 
 men had done for the world. 
 
 Whereupon he harked back to the fifth 
 century, at which time he declared man- 
 kind began to look to the land o' cakes for 
 pattern and example. 
 
 Running then somewhat rapidly down 
 
 the centuries, he maintained that for all 
 those years Scotland had been supreme in 
 three branches above all others: religion, 
 politics and education. 
 
 Nobody on earth, for instance, ever had 
 more religious liberty than Scotchmen have 
 always had. The humblest cotter over 
 there was as free to worship His jSIaker in 
 his own way as was His Majesty the King. 
 Mr. Carnegie had observed that much in 
 Scotland in his boyhood and had been 
 forcibly struck with it every time he had 
 been back since. 
 
 In America, to sum up on the coimt of 
 religious liberty, there is as much liberty 
 as in Scotland, but no more, and, anjTV'ay, 
 America borrowed the idea from the free 
 kirk. 
 
 When he came down to political great- 
 ness, Mr. Carnegie gave his hearers a shock. 
 The United States owed its Constitution 
 to a Scotchman, Judge Wilson, and Mr. 
 Carnegie proved it by quoting a letter 
 which he said George Washington had 
 written Wilson, saying "we owe the Ameri- 
 can Constitution to you." 
 
 Quickly slipping in Alexander Hamilton, 
 making him as Scotch as possible and cred- 
 iting him with everything that hadn't been 
 already cornered by Judge Wilson, Mr. 
 Carnegie then got along to the matter of 
 education, and showed that Scotland, as 
 copied by America, led the world. 
 
 Witness John Witherspoon, of the early 
 days of Princeton, America's model edu- 
 cator ever since. On account of him and 
 for all the aforesaid reasons, said Mr. 
 Carnegie, a Scotchman always feels at 
 home in the United States; Scotland is his 
 mother, America is his wife, and there is 
 nothing inconsistent in his loving both. 
 
 Besides Mr. Carnegie, the speakers of 
 the evening were Hamilton Mabie, Gen. 
 Leonard Wood, E. Theodore Martin, 
 Irving Bacheller, Julius M. Mayer, Dr. 
 Alexander McGregor and Harry Lauder. 
 Lauder responded to the toast "Honest 
 Men an' Bonnie Lassies"; Gen. Wood, to 
 the "Army and Navy." 
 
 A bagpipe band played alternately with 
 a string orchestra, and a lot of the Scots- 
 men present came in kilts and bare legs. 
 
158 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 It was noticeable, though, that most of the 
 latter wore long fur overcoats and went 
 home in closed automobiles. 
 
 In addition to Lauder, Messrs. John 
 Reid, E. Theodore Mayer and George A. 
 Fleming, all well known Scottish singers, 
 enlivened the evening with ballads. A few 
 of those present were: 
 
 Robert Foulis, Frank W. McLaughlin, 
 Rev. David G. Wylie, Alexander McGregor, 
 of Boston; Lieut. -Col. Allan C. Bakewell, 
 Dr. Neil MacPhatter, Rev. Anthony H. 
 Evans, D. D., Evert Jansen Wendell, Gen. 
 John T. Lockman, Edgar L. Marston, 
 Rev. George Alexander, Robert C. Ogen, 
 Courtenay Walter Bennett, British Con- 
 sul-General at New York; J. Edward 
 Simmons, president of the Chamber of 
 Commerce, and Rear-Admiral Caspar F. 
 Goodrich, U. S. N. 
 
 SCHOOL ENTERTAINMENT 
 New York Times 
 
 The crippled children of Public School 
 2, Primary, almost believed that they were 
 the butterflies and bees and flowers that 
 they impersonated in the playlet of "Cin- 
 derella in Flowerland" in the auditorium of 
 Public School 62, at Hester and Essex 
 Streets, yesterday afternoon, for the enter- 
 tainment of the primary children of other 
 schools in the neighborhood. And a happy 
 woman was Mrs. Elizabeth Waldo Schuarz, 
 Principal of Public School 2, Primary, who 
 has taken the crippled children's annex 
 under her special supervision. As the chil- 
 dren sang and haltingly danced on their 
 unstable little legs she smiled and almost 
 wept by turns. 
 
 Other grown-ups in the audience, too, 
 had recourse to handkerchiefs as children 
 dressed as butterflies fluttered in, some with 
 creaking braces on their legs, singing: 
 
 Lightly, lightly winging, on the breezes swinging, 
 
 Airy httle fairies, full of grace and glee, 
 
 Dancing with the sunbeams, weaving dainty day 
 
 dreams. 
 Could mortals be as light and free? Airy fairies we! 
 
 It was the old story of Cinderella, but 
 the characters were flowers, Sunshine, 
 
 Bonnie Bee, the good old Godmother, and 
 Mother Nature. Cinderella was a daisy 
 bud, and because her petals had not yet 
 imfolded she had no fine dress to wear to 
 the ball of Prince Sunshine. Cinderella was 
 Marie Schatter, who is well on the road to 
 recovery from a bad case of curvature of 
 the spine. The stepsisters. Hollyhock and 
 Tiger Lily, were proud indeed, although 
 they did limp a Httle. 
 
 Mother Nature, the good fairy god- 
 mother, however, summoned Bonnie Bee, 
 who, in his efforts to call the sunshine to 
 open Cinderella's petals, quite forgot that 
 he had a tubercular knee. When the sun- 
 shine did come and Cinderella's petals 
 opened up, she smiled as only a little girl 
 who has suffered much can smile. 
 
 At the ball the part of the Prince was 
 taken by Celia Weller, who has not lost 
 hope that her back may some day be 
 straight. Among the flowers was a little 
 girl, all in white, who carried a bunch of 
 blossoms almost as big as her stunted self. 
 
 The play from the ball on followed the 
 time -honored version. In the final scene, 
 where the Prince finds his true love by the 
 try-on of the tiny slipper, all the thirty 
 children in the play came upon the stage. 
 
 In spite of their physical handicaps, the 
 children put great spirit into the play, 
 much to the credit of the educational sys- 
 tem that lifts little sufferers into Fairyland. 
 
 CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 
 ENTERTAINMENT 
 
 New York Mail 
 
 A sweet-faced woman stood beside the 
 crib of little Jack Maclntyre in the surgical 
 ward of St. Mary's Free Hospital for 
 Children this afternoon, and watched him 
 hold court with the little queens of Fairy- 
 land, whom De Wolf Hopper had imported 
 from the Majestic theatre. Above the crib 
 was a copper plate bearing the inscription, 
 "In Loving Memory of Katherine Harris 
 Wilkes," and it was between this plate and 
 the happy group paying homage to little 
 Jack that the woman divided her attention. 
 Sometimes it seemed as if tears were re- 
 
EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 159 
 
 sponsible for the glistening in her eyes, but 
 this impression died away when her gaze 
 rested on the little man in the crib. 
 
 He was a happy little fellow, and his 
 smile was contagious. Even the staid little 
 members of the "Pied Piper" chorus, ex- 
 alted to the pinnacle of dignity by being 
 permitted to take part in a "benefit per- 
 formance," melted before it. They had 
 approached his crib shyly, but the effusive- 
 ness of his greeting was irresistible. 
 
 "I was goin' home to-day," he gurgled, 
 "but I'm goin' to stay now for the show. 
 I hke shows, I do, and I like" — this with 
 an arch smile — "I like girls, too." 
 
 "You little dear," said Miss Marguerite 
 Clarke, who plays the part of Elvira in the 
 Hopper show. Jack accepted this tribute 
 complacently, for when one is four years 
 old and the pet of an entire hospital staff, 
 homage becomes almost commonplace. 
 
 "Which of these httle girls do you like 
 best?" queried the smiling nurse, who was 
 chaperoning Jack's guests. Now Jack's 
 last name is Maclntyre, and he proved 
 right then and there that he was a bona fide 
 "Mac," blarney and all. 
 
 "I hke," he said, and his eyes roved smil- 
 ingly over the entire party, "Hike 'em all." 
 
 This diplomatic answer won so much 
 commendation from the little girl guests 
 that it is probable that Jack would still be 
 holding court if the performance planned 
 to gladden both him and his little comrades 
 had not been scheduled to start at 1 o'clock 
 sharp. Chirps of impatience from other 
 parts of the ward warned the party that 
 their visit must be cut short; so the little 
 fairy queens left Jack and prepared for 
 their entrance on the miniature stage which 
 had been erected in the middle of the big 
 room. Only the sweet-faced woman who 
 had stood silently beside the crib remained, 
 and Jack turned his beaming face upon her. 
 
 "Are you happy, dear?" she said. 
 
 "Sure," he chuckled; "there's goin' to 
 be a show. Ain't you never seen a show?" 
 
 The woman turned from him a second 
 and looked up at the inscription on the 
 plate above his crib. Then she looked down 
 at his smiling face again and said: 
 
 "It's been a long time since I have seen 
 
 one, dear, but I'm going to watch the show 
 here to-day with you. May I?" 
 
 "Sure," he said. And then he stretched 
 his tiny arm through the bars of the crib 
 and laid his moist little hand in hers — 
 "You and me, together." 
 
 LAWN FETE 
 
 Kansas City Times 
 
 A quaint old fashioned garden, gay with 
 rose trees and wistaria-twined archways, 
 a garden which blossomed in a day, was 
 the setting for the delightfully costumed 
 fete given yesterday afternoon for the bene- 
 fit of the little sufferers of Mercy Hospital. 
 Girls in primitive Yorkshire peasant gardan 
 smocks assisted in the welcoming of those 
 who came to see the pageant and to give 
 their mite for charity. Little ones of every 
 age who followed the "pied piper" were 
 reproductions of the children of Kate 
 Greenaway. Flowered chintzes gave aid to 
 the blossoms in the garden in adding to the 
 color effect. 
 
 It was a fete for the delight of all the 
 grownups, but it really belonged to the 
 little Miss Muffets and their brothers and 
 sisters. This little bit of a Mother Goose 
 child was there in the person of Mary 
 Belden, who looked so bewitching in her 
 flowered ankle -long frock demm-ely laced 
 in front with velvet ribbon, her fascinating 
 mob cap and strapped white slippers that 
 even then she might have been in a terrible 
 fright of the wicked spider had it not been 
 for the wonderful mitts she wore. They 
 were quaint and black, and Miss Muffet's 
 pride in them apparently gave chase to her 
 timidity. 
 
 Riding a pony with all his might was 
 little J. W. McGarvey. A pale blue long- 
 tailed coat had he, and a stimning high hat 
 sat proudly and securely on his head. 
 
 Betty Banks wore a long yellow pos- 
 tilion coat over her pretty white frock and 
 also a big black riding hat. 
 
 Far from contrary and altogether fasci- 
 nating were the "pretty maids all in a row," 
 and even the original contrary Mary might 
 have been forgiven for her contrariness had 
 
i6o 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 she appeared in the frock this Mary (Miss 
 Virginia Aikins) wore. Her costume was a 
 checkered one in many hues, banded about 
 the bottom with velvet ribands. Her big, 
 big hat in Leghorn and her extensive lace 
 collar gave her a very important air. 
 
 The pretty maids were decked in flow- 
 ered frocks of gayest chintzes, bobbing poke 
 bonnets and Maud MuUer hats. Ribbon 
 streamers mingled with their curls and gave 
 to the costumes a graceful touch. 
 
 The two little Pussy Cats were attractive 
 little kittens in posied skirts and black 
 coats. 
 
 Almost too heavy for little Jacky Horner 
 was the big Christmas pie. But the broadly 
 checked long trousers and the checked 
 "runabout" composed a very stunning 
 suit. 
 
 Too pretty to tumble in were the cos- 
 tumes of Jack and Jill, Virginia and Pen- 
 elope Smith. Jack's suit of sprigged chintz 
 and Jill's plaid swirling skirts were topped 
 by a high hat and a bright bonnet with 
 plaid bands. With his faithful crook, a gay 
 yellow suit and a cocked hat Little Bo Peep 
 took his way after his sheep very energeti- 
 cally. 
 
 "The Merchantmen" were costumed in 
 velvet doublets and hose. These were in 
 bright blue and rose and green and purple. 
 Their velvet Beef-eater hats were true to 
 the type and very becoming to the wearers. 
 
 Outside the garden the grounds were 
 turned into Arcady where booths were 
 created into miniature kingdoms, the pret- 
 tiest of the young matrons and girls pre- 
 siding. Miss Felice Lyne and her assist- 
 ants, Mrs. William Perry, Miss Virginia 
 George, Miss Dorothy George, Miss Helen 
 Furguson, Miss Katherine Harvey and 
 Mrs. C. N. Seidlitz, jr., were at the refresh- 
 ment booth. Miss Lj^ne sold the cigarettes 
 there. 
 
 Miss Josephine Bird, Miss Elizabeth 
 Marsh and Miss Ada Lee Porter served 
 at another booth near. 
 
 All these young women wore the pictur- 
 esque garden smock and some tjqse of hat 
 which properly accompanied it. 
 
 Pretty peddlers everywhere were dressed 
 in airy summer frocks with skirts of great 
 
 expanse, ruffle trimmed and suggestive in 
 every way of the picturesque Victorian 
 era. They were selling sweets and flowers 
 and balloons. To the lot of Mrs. Kenneth 
 Dickey fell the task of disposing of the bal- 
 loons. Mrs. Dickey wore a white net gown 
 trimmed in velvet bands and a large hat 
 with transparent brim. A silk sport coat 
 added a bit of color. Among the other 
 venders who plied their trade for charity's 
 sake were : 
 
 Miss 
 Miss 
 Miss 
 Miss 
 Miss 
 Miss 
 Miss 
 Miss 
 
 Annette McGee, 
 Virginia Beeler, 
 Elizabeth Dodge, 
 Catherine Firey, 
 Madeline Dickey, 
 Gwendolyn Green, 
 Flora Markey, 
 Dorothy Johnston, 
 
 Miss Florence Haight, 
 Mrs. List Peppard, 
 Miss Helen Foran, 
 Miss Ada Lee Porter, 
 Miss Josephine Bird, 
 Miss Elizabeth Marsh, 
 Miss Elizabeth Cook, 
 Miss Helen Mace. 
 
 JUBILEE SERVICE IN CATHEDRAL 
 
 New York Evening Post 
 
 It is seldom that New York goes to 
 church in honor of a foreign potentate, and 
 a royal monarch at that. Yet some thou- 
 sands filled St. Patrick's Cathedral to-day 
 to listen to a solemn high mass, celebrated 
 with, all the stately pomp of the Roman 
 Catholic ritual, in honor of the diamond 
 jubilee of his "Apostolic Majesty Francis 
 Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King 
 of Hungary, of Bohemia, of Dalmatia, of 
 Croatia, of Slavonia, of Galicia, of Jeru- 
 salem, Archduke of Austria, Count-Prince 
 of Hapsburg, Seigneur of the Wendish 
 March, Grand Voyvode of Servia," and 
 any number of additional titles. 
 
 Archbishop Farley sat in his high seat at 
 the left of the chancel, surrounded by 
 monsignori in violet, while the glimmer of 
 many-hued cassocks, the rustling of stoles, 
 and the shimmer of the purple gowns of 
 the acolytes filled the broad altar with a 
 constant play of shifting colors. 
 
 Through windows, high up, the cold 
 early-winter sunshine poured, warmed by 
 the gracious tones of the panes, and min- 
 gled with the yellow light of the candles on 
 the high altar. At intervals along the nave 
 and in the side aisles bunches of electric 
 lights twinkled dimly. 
 
EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS i6i 
 
 The church filled rapidly, and by the 
 time the first premonitory rumbles of the 
 organ started the echoes flying back and 
 forth among the lofty arches, the front 
 part, clear across the transept, was full, 
 and scarce a pew throughout the entire 
 body of the edifice that did not have its 
 quota of the devout. 
 
 Not all were Austrians or Hungarians, or 
 any one of the myriad nationalities ruled 
 over by the aged Emperor-King; not all 
 were Catholics, either. Many were there 
 simply to do honor to a man who had ruled 
 the most scattered country in the world 
 for sixty years, the span of an ordinary 
 man's life. 
 
 In the front pews sat the diplomats and 
 guests of honor, with here and there among 
 them the glitter of a uniform or a decora- 
 tion. An Austrian in the full uniform of his 
 country's service, his glazed, yellow-plumed 
 shako on his arm and sword clanking at his 
 heels, strode up the centre aisle to a pew. 
 His stiff pompadour and little moustache 
 reminded one of the slim lieutenants who 
 haunt the caf^s of Vienna and Buda-Pest. 
 While one felt instinctively that he would 
 have been out of place on Fifth Avenue, 
 somehow his strange uniform fitted in with 
 the atmosphere of the church. 
 
 The organ started and the procession of 
 altar boys, acolytes, priests, and deacons 
 appeared. Candles glimmered, rose and 
 fell, to the organ's swelling prelude. With 
 the clergy ranged in orderly rows before the 
 altar, the chant of the Te Deum was taken 
 up by the archbishop. Then the celebrant 
 of the mass, the Rev. John Hauptmann, 
 and his deacons, the Rev. Urban Nagelei- 
 sen, and the Rev. Rudolph Nickel, clad in 
 shimmering gold vestments, advanced and 
 commenced the preliminary ceremonies of 
 the mass. 
 
 It was all very beautiful and imposing, 
 and the vast congregation sat spellbound 
 through the scene, while the clergy, the 
 celebrants, and the masters of the cere- 
 monies, the Rev. J. V. Lewis and the Rev. 
 A. Blaznick, conducted the rites. 
 
 Later, there were sermons by the Rev. 
 Ambrose Schumack and Father Mateus. 
 Father Schumack spoke in English with a 
 
 marked German accent, taking for his text 
 "Fear God, honor the King." He told of 
 the work of Francis Joseph, of his long and 
 stormy reign. 
 
 "On this glorious day," he said, "it would 
 hardly be fitting to go into the sadnesses 
 of his life. We may pass over the wars, 
 bloody and terrible, into which he was 
 dragged; we may pass over the tragedies 
 in his family history. He is an old man, 
 who has ruled his country for sixty years, 
 and who has kept her, until to-day, whole 
 and strong. He has kept her so, largely, I 
 think, because of the aid which he has been 
 afforded by Divine Providence. ' Fear God ; 
 honor the King.' That is a motto which 
 can hurt none of us." 
 
 One could not avoid a quiver of historic 
 interest at the words. Perhaps never, since 
 the daj's when Clinton's grenadiers garri- 
 soned New York, has a clergyman preached 
 from such a text. 
 
 Father Mateus, who followed Father 
 Schumack, spoke in the Magyar tongue. 
 Many there were in the audience who leaned 
 forward attentively in their seats, drinking 
 in the unwonted words. To them it was 
 like a breath fresh from the fatherland. 
 But the majority of the audience could 
 only appreciate the priest's fine delivery, 
 which sent his resonant words clanging dis- 
 tinctly into every farthest corner of the 
 building. 
 
 At last. Father Mateus climbed down 
 from the pulpit, and the service was con- 
 tinued. And then, when it was nearly time 
 to go, the whole congregation rose and 
 joined with the choir and the priests in 
 singing the mighty " Volkshymne, " which 
 runs: 
 
 Gott erhalte, Gott beschiitze 
 
 Unsern Kaiser, unser Land! 
 Maechtig durch des Glaubens Stuetze, 
 
 Fiihr' er iins mit weiser Hand! 
 
 Lass uns seiner Vaeter Krone 
 
 Schirmen \vider jeden Feind; 
 Innig bleibt mit Habsburg's Throne 
 
 Oesterreichs Geschick vereint. 
 
 Besides Mayor McClellan and his secre- 
 tary, others who attended were Patrick 
 McGowan, president of the Board of Alder- 
 men; Lawrence Grosser, president of the 
 
l62 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 Borough of Queens; Louis H. Haffen, presi- 
 dent of the Borough of the Bronx; Bird S. 
 Coler, president of the Borough of Brook- 
 lyn; Thomas F. Murphy, assistant post- 
 master; Robert Watchorn, immigration 
 commissioner; Samuel S. Koenig, secretary 
 of State-elect; Rear- Admiral Goodrich; 
 Gustave Lindenthal, Judge Hough of the 
 United States District Court, and the jus- 
 tices of the Supreme Court, Charles H. 
 Truax, Henry Bischoff, jr., Leonard A. 
 Giegerich, John W. Goff, Mitchell E. 
 Erlanger, Lorenz Zeller, and W. H. 01m- 
 stead. The city magistrates were repre- 
 sented by Henry Steinert and Peter T. 
 Barlow. 
 
 Practically all the diplomatic representa- 
 tives of the various governments main- 
 taining consular offices in this city were 
 present, including the Austrian consul-gen- 
 eral. Baron Otto Hoenning O'CarroU; the 
 Austrian consul, Georg von Grivicic; Karl 
 Buenz, the German consul-general; Leg. 
 Rat Karl Gneist, German consul; the Count 
 Hannibal Massiglia, Italian consul-gen- 
 eral; Courtenay W. Bishop, English con- 
 sul; fitienne Lanel, French consul; Baron 
 A. Schlippenbach, Russian consul-general; 
 Kokichi Midzune, Japanese consul-general; 
 John R. Planten, consul-general of the 
 Netherlands; Julius Clan, consul-general of 
 Denmark ; Jose Joaquim Gomes dos Santos, 
 Brazilian consul-general; Jose V. Fernan- 
 dez, consul-general of Argentina; Ricardo 
 Sanchez-Croz, consul-general of Chili; Wal- 
 lace White, consul-general of Paraguay; 
 Juon J. Ulloa, consul-general of Costa Rica, 
 and Ramon Bengoeches, consul-general of 
 Guatemala. 
 
 The officers of the Austrian Society of 
 New York, Emil Fischel, Dr. Edward 
 Pisko, Dr. Karl Weiss, and Leopold Selzer, 
 together with many of the members, were 
 likewise present. 
 
 UNIVERSITY COMMENCEMENT 
 
 New York Evening Post 
 
 New Haven, Conn., June 17. — Seven 
 hundred and seventy-eight degrees were 
 conferred upon students of the class of 1914 
 
 at the 213th commencement exercises of 
 Yale University here to-day. The cere- 
 monies were held in Woolsey Hall, in the 
 presence of a great and distinguished aca- 
 demic gathering. Twenty-one honorary 
 degrees were conferred, among them that 
 of doctor of laws on Romulo S. Naon, 
 Ambassador from the Argentine to the 
 United States, and now one of the envoys 
 in the mediation proceedings at Niagara 
 Falls. 
 
 The same honor was awarded to Surgeon- 
 Gen. William Crawford Gorgas, who yes- 
 terday received the degree of doctor of 
 science from Princeton. In view of the 
 centennial celebration of the Yale Medical 
 School, it was natural that the number of 
 medical men to receive honorary degrees 
 should be much greater than usual. 
 
 The gathering of the candidates for de- 
 grees was preceded by the customary pro- 
 cession, formed in Vanderbilt Court, 
 through the central green and thence 
 through College Street to Woolsey Hall, 
 while the Trinity Church chimes on the 
 Green and the band which headed the 
 procession played "Onward, Christian 
 Soldiers." The formal exercises included 
 music conducted by Prof. Horatio Parker, 
 dean of the Music School. Three of the 
 numbers were composed by Jean Sibelius, 
 who was among the recipients of honorary 
 degrees. Prayer was offered by the Rev. 
 Dr. Charles E. Jefferson, of New York 
 City, a member of the Yale Corporation. 
 Prof. Wilbur L. Cross, of the Scientific 
 School, presented the candidates for honor- 
 ary degrees. 
 
 For work done in the various depart- 
 ments of the University the 778 degrees 
 were conferred as follows: In Yale College, 
 287 bachelors of arts, 313 bachelors of 
 philosophy; in the School of Divinity, 27 
 bachelors of divinity ; in the School of Law, 
 29 bachelors of laws, 6 masters of laws, 
 2 doctors of laws, 2 bachelors of civil laws; 
 in the School of Forestry, 24 masters of 
 forestry; in the Graduate School, 32 doc- 
 tors of philosophy and 30 masters of arts; 
 in the Sheffield Scientific School, 1 degree 
 of electrical engineer, 2 of civil engineer, 
 8 of mechanical engineer, 4 of engineer of 
 
EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 163 
 
 mines; in the School of Fine Arts, 1 bachelor 
 of fine arts and 2 bachelors of music. The 
 prizes in all departments were annomiced 
 yesterday, and the chief honors were 
 published in the E veiling Post. 
 
 Of the men receiving honorary degrees, 
 the following were awarded the degree of 
 Master of Arts : 
 
 Edwin Howland Blashfield, mural deco- 
 rator, winner of many prizes, and editor of 
 Vasari's "Lives of the Painters." 
 
 Edward Robinson Baldwin, M.D., right- 
 hand man of Dr. Trudeau at Saranac Lake, 
 and an American authority on tuberculosis. 
 
 William Herbert Corbin, '89, honored be- 
 cause of his important work as Connecticut 
 Tax Commissioner. 
 
 Capt. Charles Franklin Craig, M.D., '94, 
 an officer of the United States Medical Corps, 
 who has distinguished himself chiefly by work 
 on malarial and tropical diseases. 
 
 John Howland, '94, professor of pediatrics 
 at Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 James Hartness, president of the American 
 Society of Mechanical Engineers, inventor of 
 useful mechanical parts, instruments, etc. 
 
 Henry Hun, Ph.B., '74, well-known neu- 
 rologist and formerly president of the Associ- 
 ation of American Physicians. 
 
 Elliott Proctor Joslin, '90, a physician of 
 note in Boston, who is connected with the 
 Harvard Medical School. 
 
 Fred Towsley Murphy, '97, professor of 
 surgery in Washington University, St. Louis. 
 
 Oliver C. Smith, president of the Connecti- 
 cut Medical Society, and a leading surgeon of 
 Hartford. 
 
 William Francis Verdi, M.D., '94, a leading 
 operative surgeon of Connecticut. 
 
 Miss Mary Emma WooUey, president of 
 Mount Holyoke College. 
 
 Jean Sibelius, the leading Finnish com- 
 poser, was honored with the degree of 
 doctor of music. The degree of doctor of 
 science was conferred upon Edgar Fahs 
 Smith, provost of the University of Penn- 
 sylvania and a well-known American chem- 
 ist, and upon Richard Pearson Strong, 
 Ph.B., '93, professor in the Harvard Medical 
 School, an authority on tropical diseases. 
 
 Sidney Gulick, professor of theology at 
 Doshisha, author of "The Social Evolution 
 of the Japanese," and influential adviser 
 of the Japanese and American Govern- ' 
 
 ments on matters of race adjustment on 
 the shores of the Pacific, received the hon- 
 orary degree of doctor of divinity. 
 
 The following received the degree of 
 doctor of laws: 
 
 William Crawford Gorgas, surgeon-gen- 
 eral of the United States, chief sanitary 
 engineer of the Panama Canal, and a 
 member of the Isthmian Commission. 
 
 George Wliarton Pepper, an eminent 
 lawyer and a citizen vitally interested in 
 the work of Christian unity and missions. 
 
 R6mulo S. Na6n, Ambassador of Argen- 
 tina to the United States, formerly Minister 
 of Education, and a jurist of note. 
 
 John Kimberly Beach, 77, formerly of 
 the firm which for many years has been 
 the counsel of the University, Associate 
 Justice of the Supreme Court of Connecti- 
 cut, and professor of mercantile law and 
 admiralty jurisprudence in the Yale Law 
 School. 
 
 Peter Ainslee, leader in the Church of 
 the Disciples, worker in the cause of 
 Christian unity, and the author of the 
 standard history of his communion. 
 
 A commencement week made historical 
 by the endowment and promise of further 
 endowment in its centennial year of the 
 Yale Medical School, was brought to a close 
 by the exercises to-day. In every way, this 
 week marking the completion of the 213th 
 year of the conferring of Yale degrees is 
 generally regarded as a notable one. On 
 the class reunion side, the usual bizarre 
 efifects have been gained by the adoption 
 of class costumes. Various classes appeared 
 as polo players. Colonials, British soldiers, 
 and Chinese mandarins, and some two 
 hundred members of the academic triennial 
 class were decked out as playing-cards. 
 Many classes report record attendances, 
 those back for regular reunions including 
 niunerous distinguished sons of the Uni- 
 versity. One gathers the impression that 
 this year's commencement has brought 
 back greater numbers than any previous 
 occasion, barring, of course, the bicenten- 
 nial celebration, in the fall of 1901. 
 
 Two innovations were tried out this year 
 on the social side of commencement week. 
 The so-called "1492 Dinner," inaugurated 
 
164 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 some years ago to provide a Tuesday eve- 
 ning dinner for all returning graduates not 
 included in regular reunion classes, was 
 taken over by the class secretaries' bureau 
 and rejuvenated under the more formal 
 title of the "United Graduates' Reunion 
 Dinner." Held in Woolsey Hall, where the 
 Newberry organ was used to accompany 
 the singing of old Latin hymns, and where 
 the surroundings were conducive to a more 
 informal and intimate gathering than in 
 the University Dining Hall, the dinner was 
 a success under the new auspices. Charles 
 W. Littlefield, '03, of New York, presided, 
 and two of the speakers were John H. 
 Finley, Commissioner of Education of 
 New York, and Dudley Field Malone. At 
 the end of the Tuesday evening reunion 
 celebration, a general alumni gathering on 
 the College campus brought men of all 
 classes together. This meeting was an im- 
 provement on last year's gathering, spec- 
 tacular fireworks, general singing, and 
 athletic contests being the features of the 
 programme. 
 
 The final event of the Yale commence- 
 ment of 1914 was the president's reception 
 in Memorial Hall this afternoon. 
 
 Note — The following two stories shotc how 
 the same incident was reported in a Chicaoo 
 morning paper and in a New York evening 
 paper of the same day. 
 
 COMMENCEMENT INCIDENT 
 
 (1) 
 
 Chicago Tribune 
 
 Champaign, 111., June 17. — [Special.] — 
 Discipline at the University of Illinois is 
 not what it used to be in the days when 
 they decided to make an example of 
 Porter Gray, the boy who wouldn't go to 
 chapel. 
 
 Chapel cutting in those times was consid- 
 ered a pretty serious offense; yet here was 
 the Gray boy back on the campus today 
 with the full knowledge and consent of the 
 faculty. 
 
 And more than that, the faculty — re- 
 gardless of the fact that it wasn't much 
 
 more than twenty-nine 3'ears ago that he 
 was suspended — patted him on the back, 
 defied the rules of dignity by joining the 
 student body in an oskey wow, wow, and 
 wound up by making him a bachelor of 
 science. 
 
 Those of the town folk who saw Porter 
 the day he packed up his other shirt and 
 collar and marched defiantly into exile re- 
 marked on his changed appearance on his 
 return. The hair that fringes the new bald 
 spot on top of his head is gray, he has 
 become exaggeratedly round shouldered, 
 and he can't see without the aid of thick 
 lensed glasses. But that, says Champaign, 
 is what fast city life will do to any young- 
 ster. 
 
 Porter had not been back at school long 
 before he met another bad boy — a chap 
 named Harrison Coates Earl, who got into 
 trouble with the university authorities and 
 left as hastily as his classmate, Gray. 
 Harrison has changed a lot, too. He has 
 put on flesh, and he says that even without 
 the recommendation of his alma mater he 
 got a good position in Chicago as a muni- 
 cipal judge. 
 
 The new school educators in charge at 
 the university treated Harrison Earl as 
 they did the Gray boy — only it was a 
 bachelor of literature they made him. 
 
 The two disciplined classmates had been 
 wandering around the campus unrecog- 
 nized amid a swarm of hurrying, nervous 
 seniors. They met at the bursar's office. 
 
 "Here's $5 — my diploma fee. I'm Gray, 
 '85," jerked Porter through the wicket, 
 when a hand thumped against his back. 
 
 "Gray, '85, eh; little Port Gray? Why, 
 you're suspended for cutting chapel. You'd 
 better get off the campus before they catch 
 you." 
 
 Gray, '85, whirled around. He recog- 
 nized the heavy handed speaker. 
 
 "Harrison Earl," he cried. "Do you 
 mean to say they're taking you back, too? " 
 "Not Harrison, but Judge Earl, if you 
 please," said the other severely. "Your 
 guess is right. They've called me back to 
 get my degree. In a few hours I'll be a 
 bachelor of literature. I don't know, 
 though, that it's going to help me any in 
 
EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 165 
 
 the law, but I'll be glad to get it just the 
 same. How about you? " 
 
 Gray shook his head. 
 
 "I'll be a bachelor of science when they 
 get through with me at the exercises," he 
 answered. "The degree might have done 
 me some good — twenty-nine years ago — 
 but I don't think it'll be of any great assist- 
 ance to me now. It might make me eligible 
 to the University club. But they probably 
 wouldn't want me there. I'm a professional 
 masseur." 
 
 Back in the early '80's seniors at the state 
 university didn't go in for caps and gowns 
 at commencement, but it never did take 
 Porter Gray long to pick anything up. 
 After looking over the new fangled outfits 
 on display along the campus, he went into 
 a shop and rented one for himself. 
 
 In cap and gown he paraded into the uni- 
 versity auditorium with the rest of the can- 
 didates for degrees. In the section to which 
 he was ushered he found a dozen familiar 
 faces, all seamed with wrinkles like his own, 
 and most of them adorned with spectacles. 
 The owners of the faces remembered him, 
 too, as he was whispering greetings. 
 
 "Will Brown — you still alive? Bob Dun- 
 levy — why. Bob, you need a shave. Joe 
 Holt, did you come all the way from Cali- 
 fornia for this?" 
 
 To those of his old schoolmates who 
 hadn't read of the university's intention of 
 calling it quits and conferring on him the 
 degree held back for twenty-nine years. 
 Gray explained the reason for his return. 
 
 Gray told how, after losing his battle for 
 reinstatement in the courts, he had decided 
 to cut himself off forever from the univer- 
 sity ; how the alma mater had forgotten his 
 existence, and then, with the unearthing of 
 some old records, had "discovered" him 
 and offered him a degree. 
 
 "If they had not said the first word I 
 never would have taken it," Gray pro- 
 tested. "If I had it to do all over again I 
 would not change my course. I was an 
 agnostic, and I am one still. They couldn't 
 drag me to chapel if I thought I could put 
 the time to better use with my books." 
 
 (2) 
 New York Evening Post 
 
 Champaign, 111., June 17. — Suspended 
 twenty-nine years ago because he was an 
 agnostic and would not attend chapel. 
 Porter Gray, of the class of '85, received 
 his degree of bachelor of science from the 
 University of Illinois to-day. 
 
 Gray was working his way through the 
 University back in the eighties. It was his 
 ambition to become a Government ento- 
 mologist. He was forced to take leave of 
 absence for one year to earn money to 
 complete his course. 
 
 In spite of his narrow means and close 
 attention to his studies. Gray began to 
 acquire a campus reputation as the man 
 who never went to chapel. Attendance 
 was compulsory in those days. Selim H. 
 Peabody, then president of the University, 
 called Gray on the carpet, but the student 
 was firm. 
 
 "I am an agnostic," he said. "I will 
 not go to chapel." 
 
 "Write a statement that chapel attend- 
 ance is repugnant to your religious convic- 
 tions, and that will suffice," said Dr. Pea- 
 body. 
 
 "I will not. I have no religious convic- 
 tions; I am an agnostic. I simply will not 
 attend chapel," said Gray. 
 
 He was suspended forty days before he 
 was to have been graduated. 
 
 President Edmund J. James, of the 
 University, came upon the papers in 
 Gray's old and forgotten case a short time 
 ago when he was engaged in rounding up 
 the old alumni for a home coming. He 
 wrote to Gray in Chicago, and urged him 
 to visit the University. 
 
 Gray, embittered by a vain fight that 
 had taken his last dollar years ago and had 
 ended only in the State Supreme Court, 
 to compel the University to give him his 
 degree, replied curtly that all he wished 
 the University to do was to forget him. 
 President James wrote again that chapel 
 rules were obsolete now, and that they 
 wanted to give Gray his belated degree. 
 Gray came here to-day, and from a big 
 crowd of undergraduates he wiU hear for 
 
i66 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 the first time the cheer of Illinois. College 
 yells were not much known in Gray's day 
 here. 
 
 UNIVERSITY CLASS DAY 
 
 New York Sun 
 
 The Columbia seniors had an honorary' 
 valedictorian at their class day exercises 
 yesterday afternoon whose name was not 
 on the programme but whose presence on 
 the platform called for ten minutes' con- 
 tinual cheering. Fifty years after he had 
 been graduated, and upon the eve of his 
 retirement from the university, Dean John 
 Howard Van Amringe became an honorary 
 member of the class of 1910, and yesterday, 
 when the class was celebrating its last re- 
 union as undergraduates. Van Amringe, 
 '60, made a farewell address to the class. 
 
 When the class marched out of the gym- 
 nasium at the conclusion, the white haired 
 dean and the senior president went out 
 side by side, on the "pilgrimage" to Ham- 
 ilton Hall, where the class ivy was planted. 
 
 The exercises were held early in the 
 afternoon in a room thronged with the 
 relatives and friends of the graduates, who 
 marched into the gymnasium dressed in 
 academic cap and gown. Robert Scarbor- 
 ough Erskine delivered the president's 
 address of welcome. Francis N. Bangs, a 
 son of Francis S. Bangs, who had much to 
 do with the abolition of football at Colum- 
 bia five years ago, was the class historian, 
 and he divulged class secrets. He made the 
 statement that a ballot of the class showed 
 that forty-one of the eighty-seven members 
 have more than a passing liking for bever- 
 ages stronger than water, while fifty-two 
 delight in using tobacco. Bangs did not go 
 any further into the intimate history of 
 the class. 
 
 Harry Wilson of Sioux Falls, S. D., was 
 selected the most popular man in the class, 
 the one who has done most for Columbia, 
 the most likely to succeed, likewise the 
 noisiest, and the biggest politician. How- 
 ard Delane was chosen the best all around 
 man and the best natured; he was elected 
 the recipient of the alumni association prize 
 
 to the most faithful and deserving student, 
 which is the highest honor a senior at 
 Columbia can gain. John Mentil was 
 elected the best athlete; that distinction he 
 gained with ease because he has been cap- 
 tain of a championship basketball team 
 and is on the varsity baseball team. Clar- 
 ence Renton won the rather doubtful honor 
 of being the biggest fusser and likewise the 
 most foolish man in the class. Sidney Glide 
 took first place in the race for most con- 
 ceited and grouchiest while Arthur Schuarz 
 was designated the laziest, biggest sport 
 and biggest bluffer. 
 
 The statistics of the class as a whole 
 showed that the average height was 5 feet 
 10)4 inches, the average weight 1.51 pounds 
 and the average age 21 years 5 months, 
 making the 1910 men the youngest set that 
 has been graduated from Columbia in some 
 time. Most of the members of the class 
 were born and live in New York, although 
 every part of the country is represented. 
 Thirty-one men intend to study law, ten 
 will take up engineering, nine have chosen 
 medicine and eight will go into business. 
 The others were hazy as to just what they 
 were going to do, or were too modest to tell 
 about their plans. More than half the class 
 is Republican, and there are only ten Dem- 
 ocrats. One man declared himself a "Brj'an 
 Republican." 
 
 The class decided that Prof. Hervey 
 was the best teacher and the hardest pro- 
 fessor to bluff. Prof. Charles Arthur Beard 
 was elected the most popular professor, and 
 William Clinton Densmore Odell, a brother 
 of the ex-Governor and a professor in the 
 English department, was elected the most 
 polished. The history department was 
 considered the best in the university, while 
 the French department increased its lead 
 in the contest for the least desirable, get- 
 ting the fifteenth successive annual vote 
 for that honor. 
 
 Benjamin Berinstein, one of the two 
 blind men in the class, was elected to Phi 
 Beta Kappa, with Thomas Alexander, 
 Paul Williams Aschner, Ernst Phillip Boas, 
 Mortimer Brenner, Louis Grossbaum, John 
 Dotha Jones, Russell Thorp Kirby, Her- 
 man Joseph Muller, William de Forest 
 
EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 167 
 
 Pearson, Edward Heyman Pfeiffer, Mau- 
 rice Picard and Rollo Linsmore de Wilton. 
 
 Berinstein stood at the head of the list. 
 He has studied for the last year in the law 
 school, having completed the first three 
 years of his course in the college last June. 
 James Henry MuUin, the other blind mem- 
 ber of the class, received commendation 
 for his work. 
 
 Condict W. Cutler read the class poem, 
 and the class prophecy was delivered by 
 
 C. Homer Ramsdell of Newburgh, N. Y. 
 Geddes Smith of Paterson, N. J., made the 
 ivy oration, after William Langer and 
 Dean Van Amringe had delivered their 
 valedictories. 
 
 William Allen White will deliver the 
 annual Phi Beta Kappa address in Earl 
 Hall this afternoon, on "A Theory of 
 Spiritual Progress." In the morning the 
 seniors and the faculty will play the annual 
 baseball game on South Field. 
 
CHAPTER IX 
 
 ILLNESS AND DEATH 
 
 In this class of news stories are included those concerning the illness or 
 death of persons known in the community or in the world at large, as well 
 as those dealing with illness, surgical operations, and deaths that are suffi- 
 ciently unusual to be matters of general interest. Stories of this kind are 
 primarily informative in character, but the importance of the personal 
 element permits effective human interest development. Pathetic phases of 
 illness or death sometimes give value to news that otherwise would be of 
 sHght interest. The seriousness of the subject demands dignity of treatment. 
 
 In writing an obituary the purpose should be not only to give biograph- 
 ical facts but to bring out the significance of a personahty. A well written 
 obituary is a constructive interpretation of the meaning of a person's life 
 and work. 
 
 ILLNESS 
 
 Kansas City Star 
 
 New York, Nov. 23.— Ye Olde Caxton 
 Book Shop, BrookljTi, was closed long af- 
 ter 7 o'clock yesterday morning. Nobody 
 stirred behind the brown paper curtains 
 which hung on a coarse string over an im- 
 provised cross wall of musty old volumes, 
 their titles long ago hidden beneath a layer 
 of dust. 
 
 Solicitous neighbors, tradesmen of the 
 block, children on their way to school 
 peered eagerly, but vainly, through the 
 rain-streaked window, be3'ond careless 
 rows of less ancient authors and orderless 
 festoons of classical sheet music. Mere 
 solicitude increased to anxiety, and anxiety 
 to fear that an old man, loved by the neigh- 
 borhood, had died among his treasures. 
 
 Some one told the police and two men 
 came to force the door, with an ambulance 
 surgeon from the Bushwick Hospital, ready 
 to give him aid if needed. Richard Wright 
 
 was not dead, but how much longer he 
 would have lasted if help had not come is 
 uncertain. He lay there on a rude couch, 
 home made and stretched across cases of 
 books in the back of his store. Himger, 
 added to the natural weakness and feeble- 
 ness of his 78 years, had almost claimed him 
 for its victim. 
 
 "No, no," he feebly said. "Don't take 
 me to the hospital; I'm too old. I don't 
 want to cause trouble to anyone. I want 
 to die quietly among my books." 
 
 Nailed against one of the bookcases was 
 a small notice on black tin, "We refer all 
 needy cases to the Brookljii Charity 
 Bureau." 
 
 INDIAN DYING 
 
 Milwaukee Free Press 
 
 Tse-Ne-Gat is very weary. 
 
 Soon he must go on the long, long jour- 
 ney, following the shadowy trail of all his 
 people. 
 
ILLNESS AND DEATH 
 
 169 
 
 For the white man's plague has laid its 
 ruthless hand upon him, and the white 
 man's plague has done what the white 
 man's rifles and the white man's courts 
 could never do. It has broken the spirit of 
 Tse-Ne-Gat, and the heart of sorrowful old 
 Ma Old Polk. 
 
 It was while he waited for the white 
 man's court to sit, that the plague came to 
 Tse-Ne-Gat. Justice the white man gave 
 him, but with justice came the plague. This 
 is the story of it: 
 
 Tse-Ne-Gat, so the government said, 
 murdered Juan Chacon, Mexican sheep- 
 herder, and for the slaying Tse-Ne-Gat 
 must be hanged. Cowboys and ranchers 
 rode into the hills to take him, and Tse-Ne- 
 Gat, his father and a few followers fought 
 them off. They had sworn that they would 
 not yield to all the armed forces of the 
 United States, for they knew Tse-Ne-Gat 
 had not killed the sheep-herder, and the Ute 
 should not die a shameful death unjustly. 
 
 Then Gen. Hugh Scott, U. S. A., rode 
 into the hills alone. He promised that the 
 Indian should have justice, and Tse-Ne- 
 Gat was content. Out of the hills he rode 
 with Scott, out of the hills and into the 
 white man's jail. There he waited until the 
 white man's court should sit to grant him 
 justice. 
 
 In the jail were other prisoners, and the 
 great white plague stalked silently among 
 them. Tse-Ne-Gat, pining for the hills 
 and the arroyos and the great open spaces 
 of the Ute reservation, was a shining mark 
 for its unseen fatal arrows. So Tse-Ne-Gat 
 began to cough the cough that all men, 
 white or red, fear most of all, for it has not 
 even the swift mercy of the rifle bullet. 
 
 Attorney W. J. Kershaw, when the call 
 for his help came from Colorado, left his 
 office in the Germania building* to appear 
 as counsel for Tse-Ne-Gat, and before the 
 court of United States Judge Robert E. 
 Lewis, in Denver, he acquitted him. And 
 Tse-Ne-Gat was free to go back again to 
 the reservation. Only, the order of the 
 court could not free him from the white 
 man's plague, which the white man's jail 
 had given him. 
 
 * Milwaukee. 
 
 So Tse-Ne-Gat and old Ma Old Polk 
 went to a hospital, near Denver. Tse-Ne- 
 Gat made for himself a long whistle from 
 the green stalk of a plant. On it he whis- 
 tled, imitating the calls of the birds he 
 knew, and so well did he do it that the birds 
 answered and came to the yard of the great 
 hospital. That sight the other sufferers 
 there loved, the sight of Tse-Ne-Gat 
 wrapped in his blanket, whistling softly to 
 the birds that gathered at his feet to eat of 
 the crumbs he scattered for them when they 
 answered his call. 
 
 More troubles came. The white man's 
 doctor said that he might not smoke and 
 live. His cigaret was banished. Ma Old 
 Polk was determined that he should not 
 smoke, so she fought the craving with him 
 as she watched him. Neither did she smoke, 
 for his sake, and from the deprivation she 
 suffered more than he, only she could slip 
 out to the reeds by the river now and then 
 when the demand seemed irresistible. 
 
 Back at the reservation, Tse-Ne-Gat 
 felt better. The call of the woods grew 
 stronger, and one morning Ma Old Polk 
 awoke to find that her son and his gun 
 were missing, gone no one knew where. 
 That night he returned, exhausted and 
 broken, until he could scarcely bear his 
 gun. He wrapped himself in his blanket, 
 too tired even to whistle for the birds. 
 It was two weeks before the watchful 
 mother heard of the rabbits Tse-Ne-Gat 
 had shot but had been forced by weakness 
 to throw away before he brought them 
 home. 
 
 That is the story that has come to 
 Milwaukee and to Tse-Ne-Gat's attorney 
 here, who cannot help him in this fight. 
 Tse-Ne-Gat still goes walking, but not 
 so far. He walks as one weary of long 
 traveling. Sometimes he disappears for 
 half an hour or more. If the doctors sus- 
 pect that he is following the example of his 
 mother and stealing the smoke he loves so 
 well, they say nothing. They have nothing 
 but sympathy for Tse-Ne-Gat. 
 
 Tse-Ne-Gat has sympathy, too, for the 
 judge who gave him justice. For he has 
 learned that on the very day that the 
 story of his own rapidly failing life had 
 
lyo 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 been reported to Judge Robert E. Lewis 
 a telegram had come to the judge, telling 
 him that his father, Col. Warner Lewis, 
 was dead. Col. Warner Lewis was the only 
 survivor of an Indian massacre in 1863 
 near where Coffeyville, Kas., now stands. 
 And it was the son of that sole survivor of 
 Indian vengeance w^ho gave justice and 
 freedom to Tse-Ne-Gat. 
 
 SURGICAL OPERATION 
 Milwaukee Sentinel 
 
 The surgeon's knife instead of the re- 
 formatory; an operation in place of an 
 application of "the rod." 
 
 Is this the manner in which wayward 
 youths are to be made good? 
 
 The strange case of Anton Heim, a 14 
 year old Milwaukee lad, at least lends 
 emphasis to the vast possibilities for the 
 skilled surgeon as a reformer of certain 
 criminally inclined persons. 
 
 As he came from a good family, there 
 seemed to be no hereditary reason w^hy 
 Anton should be addicted to stealing and 
 other mischievous acts. His case was a 
 puzzle until physicians learned that at the 
 age of 5 he had been the victim of an acci- 
 dent in which a door had fallen on him and 
 caused a dent in his skull, and it was their 
 theory that the consequent pressure on the 
 brain might have unsettled his mind and 
 thus affected his actions. 
 
 The operation was performed on Oct. 
 19 in Trinity hospital by Dr. W. C. F. 
 Witte. 
 
 Since then Anton's taciturn, irritable 
 disposition has given way to ambitious 
 and honest traits. The operation has not 
 only meant much for Anton Heim, but is 
 full of significance as to possibilities along 
 these lines. 
 
 Another case is cited by a Milwaukee 
 physician wherein a Norwegian youth who 
 received a skull injury in his childhood 
 before coming to America, has been relieved 
 through a similar operation and been 
 changed from a dependent to a self-sup- 
 pHjrting man. 
 
 "Persons suffering from such skull in- 
 
 juries," explained the physician, "are 
 irritable, depressed and subject to an idea 
 that they are being persecuted. This Nor- 
 wegian lad previous to the operation was 
 thoroughly shiftless. Now he has been 
 holding a position for three years and has 
 recovered his ambition and desire to work 
 and save money." 
 
 SURGICAL OPERATION 
 
 Philadelphia Inquirer 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C, Aug. 19.— By 
 massaging the heart of a colored boy who 
 was apparently dead, doctors in the 
 Emergency Hospital succeeded in reviving 
 him. 
 
 The boy was under the influence of 
 chloroform, and the surgeon was operating 
 on an infected knee, when respiration sud- 
 denly ceased. The pulse died and finally 
 stopped; the body became cold, the limbs 
 rigid. Artificial respiration was resorted 
 to, but there was no responding pulsation 
 of the heart. After six minutes of sus- 
 pense, during which the physician resorted 
 to every possible method to revive the 
 patient, he realized that there was only one 
 chance to save the boy's life. 
 
 With delicate skill he opened the boy's 
 abdomen and for seven minutes massaged 
 the patient's heart with his fingers. Fi- 
 nally, when he was about to give up all 
 hope, the boy took a faint voluntary breath, 
 and for several minutes the heart pulsated 
 gently. Plying the heart with his fingers to 
 stimulate circulation of the blood, the phy- 
 sician after eighteen minutes had the heart 
 pulsating normally and knew that he had 
 succeeded in his almost miraculous opera- 
 tion. 
 
 For a day and a half following the opera- 
 tion the boy remained in excellent condi- 
 tion and every hope was held out for his 
 recovery. But the infection of the knee 
 had spread to the left side and had infected 
 the glands of the neck. Blood poisoning 
 set in and, despite all efforts to save him, 
 the boy succumbed. 
 
 The operation on the heart is regarded 
 by medical students as unique in the annals 
 
ILLNESS AND DEATH 
 
 171 
 
 of medicine. It also opens up a new field 
 in surgery, and means, physicians say, that 
 many persons who expire while under anes- 
 thetics may possibly be revived by such 
 methods. 
 
 Within a few months several eminent 
 physicians of this city will conduct vivi- 
 section tests to determine how far the heart 
 massage can be carried. Dogs will be placed 
 under anesthetics and allowed to succumb, 
 it is said, so that physicians may determine 
 after how long an interval an animal appar- 
 ently dead may be restored by heart mas- 
 sage. 
 
 SUDDEN DEATH 
 
 Chicago Inter Ocean 
 
 While joking with several fellow em- 
 ployes over the recent baseball trade be- 
 tween the Chicago American league base- 
 ball team and the New York American 
 league team, Robert Nash, 118 Webster 
 Place, a clerk employed by Sprague, War- 
 ner & Co., 600 West Erie street, dropped 
 dead from heart disease yesterday in his 
 place of employment. 
 
 Herman Schweitzer, 2849 Christiana 
 avenue, a department manager, and J. B. 
 Willott, 508 Melrose avenue, were hoaxing 
 Nash about the trade. They told Nash 
 that the Chicago team had obtained Chase 
 of the New York team, a "hoodoo," and 
 that they would be unable to win any more 
 games. 
 
 Nash laughed at their joke and walked 
 to a chair. He fell to the floor, and was 
 dead when a physician arrived. 
 
 Nash was one of the oldest employes of 
 the Sprague- Warner company. He had 
 been in the grocery company for thirty- 
 seven years. Heart disease is believed to 
 have caused his death. 
 
 ENGINEER'S DYING REQUEST 
 
 Boston Herald 
 
 CHICAGO, Dec 21— Charles W. Walter, 
 veteran conductor on the Nickel Plate 
 Railroad, died yesterday on his run from 
 
 Bellevue, O, to Chicago, and members of the 
 train crew fought snow and slippery tracks 
 to carry out Walter's last request that No. 1 
 be brought in on ^time, thereby preserving 
 his record of never having been late. 
 
 Walter took the train at Bellevue, where 
 he lived, at 7:55 a m yesterday. An hour 
 later he became ill and placed the train in 
 charge of Samuel Wilson, an extra passen- 
 ger conductor. 
 
 "Be sure and bring her in on time, Sam, 
 and keep my record clean," Walter re- 
 quested. Stops were shortened to a mini- 
 mum. The engineer kept the sand running 
 on the slippery rails, and his fireman hardly 
 took his hands from the shovel. 
 
 Near Leipsic Junction, where doctors 
 and ambulance awaited, Walter died. 
 No. 1 pulled into the Lasalle-st Station, 
 Chicago, on the dot. To the dispatcher, 
 who was surprised to see him report in- 
 stead of Walter, Wilson said: " Charlie has 
 made his last run, and be sure to put it 
 down we're on time." 
 
 WOMAN DIES ALONE 
 
 Kansas City Star 
 
 Police ofiicers forced their way into the 
 home of Miss Mary R. Wilson, daughter of 
 John H. Wilson, a former mayor of Kansas 
 City, at 961 Cane Street, shortly before 
 6 o'clock yesterday afternoon, and found 
 her dead in bed in her room on the second 
 floor. Dr. Harry Czarlinsky, county coro- 
 ner, said that the cause of death was pneu- 
 monia brought on by exposure. 
 
 Since the death of her mother seven 
 years ago. Miss Wilson had lived in the big 
 house on Cane Street alone. She kept no 
 servants and her only companion was a pet 
 dog, Danny. Miss Wilson, who was more 
 than 50 years old, had ignored the advice of 
 friends, who believed she should live with 
 relatives. 
 
 She was last seen alive Thursday night, 
 when Mrs. B. F. Strong, wife of B. F. 
 Strong, the vicar of St. James Church, who 
 lives at 965 Cane Street, noticed her mov- 
 ing about in the rear of the house with a 
 lamp. Friday passed without either Mrs. 
 
172 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 Strong or Mrs. Albert Hart, the neighbor 
 north of the house, seeing Miss Wilson. The 
 snow had drifted evenly over the front walk 
 and the blinds at the window were drawn. 
 
 Mrs. Hart telephoned Sanford B. Green 
 and Porter Home, Miss Wilson's attorneys. 
 Mr. Green called several of Miss Wilson's 
 intimate friends and was unable to find out 
 anything of her whereabouts. He then 
 called the chief of police and asked that a 
 search of the house be made. 
 
 When the officers entered the room, they 
 found Miss Wilson attired in night clothing 
 lying on her bed. Her pet, Danny, was 
 curled up at the foot of the bed. Weak 
 from want of food, he growled at the officers. 
 The coroner said that life had been extinct 
 twenty-four hours. 
 
 A small diary which Miss Wilson had 
 kept for years testified to her illness. An 
 entry Tuesday read: "I haven't felt well 
 all day." Wednesday it said: " I think the 
 weather has brought on an attack of grip. " 
 Thursday's entry was the last in the book : 
 "I know I'm in for a bad case of pneu- 
 monia." No explanation can be given why 
 Miss Wilson did not get medical attention 
 when she knew she had pnevunonia. 
 
 Miss Wilson was a niece of the late David 
 Brewer, associate judge of the United 
 States Supreme Court. Her father figured 
 actively in Kansas City politics as a leader 
 of the Democratic party and in 1874 was 
 elected mayor of this city, a position which 
 he held two years. He was a widely known 
 business man. Miss Wilson's only sister, 
 Ella Wilson, died in Leavenworth, Kas., 
 in 1865. Her mother, Mrs. Alice Strong 
 Wilson, died in the family home on Cane 
 Street in 1907. Miss Wilson had no rela- 
 tives in Kansas City. 
 
 The body was taken to the Stine under- 
 taking rooms. 
 
 DEATH OF VETERAN FIREMAN 
 
 Springfield Republican 
 
 William C. White, 72, veteran fireman, 
 who was retired from the active service 
 of the fire department last June after 35 
 years of continuous service, died at the 
 
 Wesson Memorial hospital j^esterday after 
 a long illness. Mr White had been identi- 
 fied with the fire service of the city for 
 more than 60 years. During his period of 
 active service, Mr White spent most of 
 his time as engineer, taking charge during 
 his later years of the engines in the North- 
 street fire station. During his 35 years of 
 service, Mr White was absent from his 
 post only one month, and then on account 
 of illness. There was probably no man in 
 the department who was better kno-\ATi or 
 who was better liked by the men in the 
 department. He was a skilful machinist, 
 and his worth to the department was fre- 
 quently recognized by the different chiefs 
 under whom he served. 
 
 Mr White was born at Amherst, Octo- 
 ber 11, 1842. He removed with his parents 
 to this city when he was 12 years old. He 
 received his early education in his native 
 town, and after he came here he attended 
 the Union-street school. His first employ- 
 ment was in the United States armory, 
 where he practically completed his trade 
 as machinist. He subsequently worked for 
 Smith & Wesson for four years as tool- 
 maker, and it was there that he received 
 the training which fitted him for his work 
 in the fire department. While he was em- 
 plo5^ed at the Smith & Wesson shop, he 
 became a call man in the fire department. 
 He was appointed to the permanent serv- 
 ice in 1872, just nine years after he became 
 affiliated with the department as a call man. 
 
 His first active duties were as hose-man. 
 He was stationed at the old fire station, 
 formerly located in the rear of where the 
 Granite building is now. His next work 
 was as stoker on the Hanson No 2 engine, 
 stationed on Sanford street. He later be- 
 came a full-fledged engineer on the old 
 monitor, George Dwight. Mr Wliite was 
 later assigned to the Pynchon-street engine- 
 house, where he served as engineer on the 
 No 1 engine. He was stationed there from 
 1872 until 1876. In 1876 he was transferred 
 to the Bond-street engine-house, where he 
 remained until his retirement in June. It 
 was a matter of notable record in the fire 
 department that during all this time he 
 ran the old No 1 engine without experienc- 
 
ILLNESS AND DEATH 
 
 173 
 
 ing any accidents or having his engine tied 
 up because of failure to work properly. 
 
 WTien Mr White first became affiliated 
 with the fire department there were but 
 four companies, with 26 men each, in serv- 
 ice in the city. The companies were lo- 
 cated on Pynchon street, on the Hill, near 
 the old railroad station, and on Sanford 
 street. During the early '70's the system 
 of naming fire engines was succeeded by 
 the present system of numbering them. 
 When Mr White entered the service, L. H. 
 Powers was chief engineer, and he was suc- 
 ceeded by Hosea Lombard. It was during 
 his regime as chief that the present depart- 
 ment actually came into existence. It is a 
 singular fact that Mr Wliite saw service in 
 the department during the period that 
 Springfield experienced its biggest fires. 
 From the date of his connection with the 
 department until his retirement there were 
 seven very disastrous fires. 
 
 During his many years in the depart- 
 ment he was constantly drafted from one 
 engine-house to another to do repair work. 
 His expert knowledge of apparatus made 
 him invaluable in this respect. When the 
 company at the Bond-street engine-house 
 was transferred to the North-street station 
 several years ago, he went with it and re- 
 mained there until his retirement, June 15 
 of this year. Mr White held several pat- 
 ents on devices used on fire apparatus, but 
 never troubled to have them put on the 
 market. Some of these devices, however, 
 have been used with satisfaction. 
 
 Mr White was taken ill last May, and 
 it was with difficulty that he was persuaded 
 to leave the active list. He eventually went 
 to the Wesson Memorial hospital, where 
 he remained constantly imtil his death 
 yesterday. Mr White was married, and 
 for many years lived at 961 Second street. 
 His wife died a number of years ago, and 
 since that time he has made his home at the 
 North-street fire station. He was a mem- 
 ber of De Soto lodge of Odd Fellows and 
 of the Firemen's aid association. He leaves 
 no near relatives, but Arthur Green, secre- 
 tary of the Putnam woolen mills at Put- 
 nam, Ct., a cousin, is expected in this city 
 to take charge of the funeral. 
 
 The funeral will be held to-morrow after- 
 noon at Washburn's chapel. Rev Dr Frank 
 W. Merrick of Faith church will offici- 
 ate. The burial will be in the Springfield 
 cemetery. 
 
 DEATH OF A POLITICIAN 
 New York Times 
 
 Martin Engel is dead. This does not 
 mean anything to those unacquainted with 
 New York politics, nor to those whose 
 political interests have been quite recently 
 developed, but to the "old-time" politi- 
 cians familiar with the days when "Boss" 
 Croker ruled Tammany Hall and "Big 
 Tim" Sullivan was the man highest up in 
 the Bowery district the death of Martin 
 Engel means the passing of another of the 
 Tammany leaders who led when to be an 
 east side leader was greater than to be a 
 silk-stocking Republican. 
 
 At the age of 68, several years after he 
 had lost his leadership in the old Eighth 
 District — "De Ate," to those who were of 
 it and in it in the "good old days" — Martin 
 Engel died yesterday in his home at 29 East 
 Third Street. He made money in his busi- 
 ness of politics, and it is said that his son, 
 Alfred S. Engel, will inherit a comfortable 
 fortune. His death was due to Bright's dis- 
 ease, from which he had been a sufferer for 
 some time. 
 
 Martin Engel rose to political power 
 when the immigrant Jews from Russia, 
 Rumania, Bohemia, and Hungarj' began 
 to crowd the Irish out of the east side. 
 The son of a "kosher" butcher, he was 
 born in the Bowery and began life, after 
 leaving the public schools, in his father's 
 butcher shop. After the death of the father 
 he continued the business, and even after 
 his business became politics and his ' ' office " 
 for all important purposes was in "Silver 
 Dollar" Smith's Hotel, near the Essex 
 Market Court, he remained the nominal 
 head of the market, from which fact he 
 became known in the east side as ' ' Butcher " 
 Engel. 
 
 "Big Tim" Sullivan, Irishman, and 
 Martin Engel, Jew, were the combination 
 
174 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 that held the power in "De Ate," where 
 fully 80 per cent, of the fixed and floating 
 voters spoke Yiddish. Engel was appar- 
 ently devoted to Sullivan, and was ever 
 faithful to "Big Tim" in matters political, 
 and, until the RepubUcan leader, ' ' Charley " 
 Adler, began to make trouble in the Eighth, 
 he alwa3's "swTjng the district" at election 
 time. 
 
 Those who followed Engel as their politi- 
 cal leader could never, in their own opinion, 
 exaggerate his virtues. He was generous, 
 as all Tammany leaders of the east side 
 have been, and he was successful in "land- 
 ing jobs" for those who served the party. 
 Also he was known to have a strong "pull" 
 with the police, and many an east side 
 youth who "got in bad" with the authori- 
 ties owed his liberty to Engel's influence. 
 Because of all these things he was the 
 leader, and because he was the leader he 
 cultivated the character and quality that 
 enhanced his leadership. 
 
 But to reformers Engel was the per- 
 sonification of a vice that, though seen with 
 disturbing frequency, could never be even 
 endured, much less embraced. In "De 
 Ate" was what was known for many years 
 as "The Red Light District." Engel's 
 political enemies used to dwell with views 
 of alarm upon the protection imder which 
 the district thrived, and Engel was always 
 named as the protector. 
 
 Those who have seen Engel remember 
 as his most striking facial characteristic a 
 "dented" nose. The bridge of his nose had 
 been broken, and until his death there was 
 a depression in the centre of his face that 
 never failed to attract attention. The scar 
 was a mark of Engel's rise to political 
 power. He received the original injury in a 
 fight years ago — and there have been 
 stories of this fight to Engel's credit and to 
 his discredit. The only positive and print- 
 able fact is that a man who became enraged 
 against Engel struck him across his nose 
 with a bung-starter or some other equally 
 destructive weapon. 
 
 Besides "Silver Dollar" Smith's hotel, 
 which later became the property of Engel 
 himself, the leader of "De Ate" had several 
 "headquarters" in the district where those 
 
 who knew his habits and haunts might find 
 him. His home was at 29 East Third Street, 
 where he died; but in the days of his power 
 he could be found most often at some of 
 his "hanging-out" places — such as the 
 clubrooms of the Martin Engel Associa- 
 tion, at Ludlow and Grand Streets, or the 
 old Caf6 Boulevard, in Second Avenue, 
 where, for a number of years, he regularly 
 received his henchmen between noon and 
 3 o'clock. 
 
 Although the kind of politics accepted 
 as legitimate by Engel is passing for the 
 good of society, there are those in the east 
 side who will feel real regret for the death 
 of their former leader, for whatever his 
 vices were, Engel was sympathetic and 
 generous in his own way and in his moods, 
 and many a family would not have eaten 
 had he not supplied a meal, many a man or 
 woman would have gone barefoot had he 
 not furnished shoes. Also, many a "down- 
 and-outer" would have gone thirsty if 
 Engel had not " set 'em up" to the drinks. 
 So, somewhere east of the Bowery, where 
 there were not many of the Ten Command- 
 ments, and where a man could raise a very 
 great thirst, Engel had his friends who will 
 mourn him now. 
 
 DEATH 
 
 New York Evening Post 
 
 The odor from the chestnut roasters is 
 as fragrant as ever, the heaped-up mounds 
 of lettuce and kale on the mile of push 
 carts are just as crisp and green, and there 
 is the same glistening sheen on the pjTa- 
 mids of green and scarlet peppers, but, 
 nevertheless, things seemed altogether dif- 
 ferent in Mulberry Bend to-day. There was 
 less noise, the hurdie-gurdies were not 
 playing, and groups of dark-haired women 
 talked solemnly on the corners. 
 
 Down in front of No. 26 there were many 
 children looking into the ■^vnndow, but, un- 
 like children of the Bend, making no noise. 
 That's where the cause of all this change 
 was. For No. 26 is Charles Bacigalupo's 
 chapel and undertaking rooms, where for 
 twenty-eight years the services for the 
 
ILLNESS AND DEATH 
 
 175 
 
 dead of the Italian colony have been held; 
 and now — Bacigalupo himself is dead. 
 
 He was much more than an undertaker. 
 He was a benefactor of the quarter, a man 
 with a motto of his own that he lived up 
 to. It hardly could be called a business 
 motto, but Bacigalupo always adhered to 
 it in his business, and it was that no Italian 
 should be buried in the Potter's Field, if 
 he could help it. 
 
 A north of Italy man and a devout Cath- 
 olic himself, "Charlie," as the colony called 
 him, never asked what a dead man's reli- 
 gion had been or whether he was SiciHan, 
 Neapolitan, or Genoese. The chapel was 
 always open, day and night, and there was 
 always a hearse and at least one carriage 
 ready whether there was anything to pay 
 for them or not. 
 
 It was so in the beginning, twenty-eight 
 years ago, when Bacigalupo, who had come 
 to the country when he was thirteen, de- 
 cided that he would no longer work for 
 undertakers by day and black boots on 
 Broadway in the evening, but go into busi- 
 ness for himself. 
 
 He had saved money enough then to buy a 
 second-hand hearse and a dilapidated hack. 
 At the outset he had to hire the horses, 
 and the only room in which he could do his 
 work was the one room in which he lived. 
 
 Within a week after this start an Italian 
 was murdered on Mulberry Street. No- 
 body knew him, and the body, after the 
 coroner had got his routine description of 
 all the knife wounds for repetition in court, 
 was to go to Potter's Field — after the usual 
 custom. But Bacigalupo changed the cus- 
 tom so far as Mulberry Bend was con- 
 cerned. There was a real fimeral in his room 
 for the unknown victim of the stiletto, and 
 the man who could not afford to keep his 
 own horses did all the work and paid all 
 the bills. 
 
 That was when the motto was adopted, 
 and the records at Bacigalupo's chapel to- 
 day show that he has saved nearly a thou- 
 sand "unknowns" and "imfortunates" 
 from the Potter's Field. 
 
 Most of them were Italians, but some 
 were the more unfortunate white girls of 
 Chinatown. 
 
 He prospered in spite of all this free serv- 
 ice and he has averaged three fimerals a 
 day for ten days. From the one room his 
 place developed into a whole floor, and 
 for the living room in which services were 
 held for that murdered Italian twenty -eight 
 years ago, there was substituted a fine 
 chapel with altar fires and many pictures 
 and tapestries, which Bacigalupo brought 
 from Rome on his return from frequent 
 visits to his home country. 
 
 But as gorgeous and elegant as the place 
 became, in the eyes of the Italian quarter, 
 it was still free for all who could not pay. 
 
 Bacigalupo never talked about these 
 things himself when asked about his busi- 
 ness life in the Bend. It was his private 
 business, the number of big black hearses 
 he sent, free of charge, for the laborers 
 who had died while out of work, and the 
 number of small white hearses with the 
 angel figures on the side which he had 
 provided for the children whose parents 
 were penniless. Neither would he talk 
 about the times he had paid other people's 
 coal bills or put a stop to dispossession pro- 
 ceedings by paying the rent of people whom 
 he simply knew as Italians. 
 
 And only his intimate associates knew 
 that he owned a half-acre in Greenwood 
 Cemetery and another big lot in Calvary, 
 in which he put the bodies which otherwise 
 would have gone to the graveyard of the 
 morgue's unknown. 
 
 AU these things Bacigalupo was remark- 
 ably reticent about. On the other hand, 
 there were some things that he liked to 
 boast of. He used to say, for instance, that 
 the proudest day in his life was that in 
 which he drove, himself, the second coach 
 in Gen. Grant's funeral. He groomed his 
 own horses for that procession. 
 
 And when Meucci, the Italian patriot 
 who came over with Garibaldi, died on 
 Staten Island Bacigalupo had charge of the 
 big Italian funeral service, in Tammany 
 Hall, and it was the undertaker of Mulberry 
 Bend who prepared the revolutionist's body 
 for shipment to Italy. 
 
 When Kng Humbert was assassinated 
 Bacigalupo had charge of the memorial 
 service in this city. And now the most con- 
 
176 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 spicuous pictures at the entrance to the 
 chapel are those of the dead King and of 
 President McKinley, both nearly hfe size. 
 
 Bacigalupo also took a little pardonable 
 pride in the fact that his establishment had 
 grown to include a big stable with 250 
 horses, 10 hearses, and many coaches; that 
 he had the only automobile hearse in town, 
 and that it was he who introduced the cus- 
 tom of having dirge-playing bands in the 
 funeral processions on the Bend. 
 
 Four years ago Bacigalupo went to Rome 
 to present to the Pope $5,000 which had 
 been contributed by the immigrants in the 
 Itahan quarter, and to the money he added 
 as his own gift a wonderful jewelled robe 
 for his holiness. The Pope granted him an 
 audience and gave him his picture and 
 autograph, which Bacigalupo brought back 
 to Mulberry Street. 
 
 Then there was that wonderful Chinese 
 fimeral several years ago when the bones 
 of nine Chinamen were removed from a 
 Brooklyn cemetery and sent back to the 
 ancestral graveyards in China. Bacigalupo 
 had that affair, and it overtaxed even his 
 stable resources, for there were 300 coaches 
 in the procession that wound through the 
 streets of Chinatown, all filled with China- 
 men, while the rest of the Mott and Pell 
 Street colony walked behind over the route 
 laid out for them by the Italian. 
 
 These were the things that the vmder- 
 taker was willing to talk about when he was 
 asked what he had done in America. But 
 they are of secondary importance on the 
 Bend to-day. It is the coal bills, and helps 
 with the rent in hard times, and the free 
 funerals that everybody in the quarter, in- 
 cluding the policemen on their beats and 
 the one black native from Abyssinia who 
 'speaks Italian, are talking about now that 
 the crepe is on Bacigalupo's own door. 
 
 DEATH OF GREAT EDITOR 
 
 Philadelphia Ledger 
 
 KANSAS CITY, Mo., April 13.— Colonel 
 William Rockhill Nelson, founder, owner 
 and editor of the Kansas City Star, died 
 at his home here this morning. He was 
 
 74 years old, and had been confined to his 
 home since last December. Uremic poison- 
 ing caused his death. 
 
 Colonel Nelson took an active part in 
 the management of the Star until about 
 a month ago, for even after his illness 
 began members of the Star staff gathered 
 at his bedside several times weekly for dis- 
 cussion of questions of editorial policy. At 
 these conferences he dictated editorials and 
 outlined ideas for cartoons and special 
 news articles. Although his physicians 
 advised against this activit}^ he reminded 
 them that it was in the building of the Star 
 he had been happiest. 
 
 A day or so before he became vmcon- 
 scious Colonel Nelson said to a friend: 
 
 "The Lord has been far better to me 
 than I deserve. I have had a long and happy 
 life, with great opportunities for usefulness. 
 My only regret is that I have not accom- 
 plished more. If this is the end, I am 
 ready." 
 
 Throughout his illness the problem of 
 the poor was of intense concern to him. 
 He made large gifts to local charitable 
 institutions and was absorbed in the work 
 of a soup kitchen, which his daughter, 
 Mrs. Kirkwood, inaugurated and con- 
 ducted. 
 
 While no formal statement was made, it 
 was announced that "as far as is humanly 
 possible, the Star will be conducted in 
 accordance with the aims and ideas of 
 Mr. Nelson." 
 
 Although Colonel Nelson did not enter 
 the newspaper field until he was nearly 
 40 years old, he brought to it such abUity 
 and energy that he buUt up one of the 
 greatest newspapers of the country. He 
 was born in Fort Wayne, Ind., in 1841, 
 and was educated at Notre Dame Univer- 
 sity. After a short experience in cotton 
 growing he became a general contractor. 
 When 34 years old he was Samuel J. Til- 
 den's Indiana campaign manager. 
 
 His interest in political leadership caused 
 him to turn to newspaper work. He bought 
 an interest in the Fort Wayne Sentinel and 
 a business reverse caused him to decide to 
 devote all his time to journalism. He and 
 his Fort Wayne partner, Samuel E. Morss, 
 
ILLNESS AND DEATH 
 
 177 
 
 went to Kansas City and started the Eve- 
 ning Star on September 18, 1880. Mr. Morss 
 withdrew after a few months. 
 
 When the Kansas City Times failed, in 
 1901, the Star bought that paper and its 
 news franchise. The venture proved a 
 marked success, and the Star now has a 
 circulation, morning and evening, of more 
 than 200,000 a day. 
 
 In politics Colonel Nelson was, as he 
 often said, "independent, but never neu- 
 tral." He never would consider any elec- 
 tive or appointive position. 
 
 ■ DEATH OF COLLEGE DEAN 
 
 New York Evening Post 
 
 John Howard Van Amringe, former dean 
 of Columbia College, where for half a cen- 
 tury he endeared himself to thousands of 
 students, who knew him best as "Van Am," 
 died suddenly yesterday at the Keeler 
 House, in Morristown, N. J. Professor Van 
 Amringe, who was seventy-nine years old 
 last spring, retired from the Columbia fac- 
 ulty five years ago, and for some time 
 past his health has been failing. He suf- 
 fered a stroke of apoplexy just before 
 luncheon, and died within an hour. His 
 daughter, Miss Emily Van Amringe, was 
 with him. 
 
 The story of the venerable ex-dean's life 
 is almost a history of Columbia College for 
 the last fifty-odd years. To Columbia men 
 he was more than a teacher. As Charles 
 Halsted Mapes remarked, when the alumni 
 presented a bronze bust of the dean to the 
 Columbia University Club, in 1913: "Van 
 Am has become more than a mere man to 
 us ; he is a sentiment. What the Yale fence 
 is to Yale, the ivy to Princeton, Van Am is 
 to Columbia — a tangible, concrete expres- 
 sion of sentiment to which our memories 
 lovingly cling." 
 
 He was born at Philadelphia, on April 3, 
 1836, the son of William Frederic and Susan 
 Budd (Sterling) Van Amringe. His grand- 
 father, Lionel Van Amringe, was a soldier 
 under Frederick the Great, and emigrated 
 from Holland in 1791. His family removed 
 from Philadelphia to New York in 1841. 
 
 He received most of his early education 
 from his father, but was later sent to the 
 Montgomery Academy, Orange County, 
 N. Y., where his father was instructor for 
 a time. In 1854 he entered Yale, and would 
 have graduated in 1858, but left the Col- 
 lege at the end of his sophomore year and 
 taught private pupils for two years. In the 
 fall of 1858 he entered Columbia College 
 as a member of the junior class, graduating 
 with the degree of B.A. in 1860. 
 
 Van Amringe, the undergraduate, dis- 
 played a fondness for mathematics and 
 debating, and in after years these were 
 always his favorite subjects. Those who 
 listened to him in more recent years, ad- 
 dressing undergraduate mass meetings or 
 speaking at alumni reunions, or presenting 
 some distinguished candidate for this or 
 that honorary degree on commencement 
 day, could trace his flow of oratory back 
 to its beginnings in the classroom, where, 
 as a student, he used to hold forth in the 
 presence of old Professor Nairne, who 
 taught moral and intellectual philosophy 
 and literature. Nairne had a way of hold- 
 ing impromptu debates in the classroom, 
 pitting one student against another. But 
 it was in mathematics that Van Amringe 
 excelled, and he taught this subject to 
 generations of Columbia men. 
 
 When Van Am came to Columbia he 
 was possessed of a brilliant head of red hair, 
 which in later years turned white. He also 
 wore flowing moustaches, and these became 
 immortalized in the song that Columbia 
 men never tire of singing: 
 
 D'ye ken Van Am with his snowy hair, 
 D'ye ken Van Am with his whiskers rare, 
 D'ye ken Van Am with his martial air, ♦ 
 
 As he crosses the Quad in the morning? 
 
 CHORUS. 
 
 The sight of Van Am raised my hat from my head, 
 And the sound of his voice often filled me with 
 
 dread, 
 Oh , I shook in my boots at the things that he said 
 When he asked me to call in the morning. 
 
 Yes, I ken'd Van Am, to my sorrow, too, 
 When I was a freshman of verdant hue.< 
 First a cut, then a bar, then an interview 
 With the Dean in his den in the morning. 
 
 But we love Van Am from our heart and soul. 
 Let's drink to his health! Let's finish the bowl! 
 
178 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 We'll swear by Van Am through fair and through 
 foul, 
 And wish him the top o' the morning. 
 
 D'ye ken Van Am with his fine old way, 
 The Dean of Columbia for many a day? 
 Long may he live and long may he stay 
 
 Where his voice may be heard in the morning. 
 
 One of his undertakings at Columbia was 
 the organization of the Alumni Association 
 of Columbia College, which he began as 
 soon as he had become an alumnus himself. 
 The Association was then more dead than 
 alive, but through his efforts it has become 
 the most flourishing and influential of all 
 the Columbia alumni organizations. 
 
 The dean had few outside interests; his 
 life was devoted almost entirely to Colum- 
 bia, and the few other activities in which 
 he engaged were closely allied to his work 
 at the College. He itvas a member of the 
 American Mathematical Society and of 
 the New York Historical Society, and, at 
 one time, was president of the New York 
 Mathematical Society. He was also a fel- 
 low of the American Association for the 
 Advancement of Science and a vestryman 
 of Trinity Church. Some years ago he 
 edited a series of Davies's mathematical 
 works. 
 
 As prime mover in the organization of 
 the Columbia University Club, he was its 
 first president, and there never has been 
 any other. 
 
 As an authority on matters relating to 
 the history of the University he was with- 
 out an equal. He wrote a "History of 
 Columbia College," and to the volume 
 known as "Universities and Their Sons" 
 he contributed the Columbia section. 
 
 One of the things that endeared him most 
 to Columbia men was his championship of 
 football. In 1905, after Columbia had been 
 severely criticised for her football tactics, 
 and the faculty, in a historic meeting, de- 
 cided that the sport should be dropped, 
 the Dean was the only friend the under- 
 
 graduates had. In that meeting he took 
 the stand of the undergraduates and ear- 
 nestly championed the game. After the 
 close of the football season of 1906 more 
 than two thousand students stormed the 
 Faculty Club, where the Dean was at lunch, 
 and, after singing his song, demanded that 
 he make a speech to them on football. They 
 told him they wanted football, and he said: 
 " I know that, but you know I cannot give 
 it to you. You have behaved as I have 
 always known you to behave, with propri- 
 ety and dignity, and if you keep on there's 
 no telling what you may get." 
 
 Football will be played once more at 
 Columbia this year, and more than one 
 alumnus will regret that the venerable Van 
 Am is not in the stands when the opening 
 game is played on South Field. 
 
 At the time when Columbia began to 
 expand from a college to a university of 
 many departments, the proposal to do 
 away with the college altogether, and to 
 convert Columbia into a group of graduate 
 schools, was considered. The idea " took" 
 with some of the authorities, and had it not 
 been for vigorous opposition, in which Van 
 Am took a leading part, it is not unlikely 
 that the change would have been made. 
 
 When it became known, in the spring 
 of 1910, that the dean was to retire, the 
 students prepared a petition to the faculty, 
 asking them to place him on the roll as dean 
 emeritus. The parchment was afterward 
 framed and hung in the Trophy Room. 
 
 At the dinner given by the Columbia 
 alumni to celebrate Dean Van Amringe's 
 fiftieth year of connection with the Uni- 
 versity, the presiding officer read from 
 Oliver Wendell Hohnes's class-day poem, 
 and turned to the venerable dean as he 
 quoted: 
 
 Was it snowing, I spoke of. Excuse the mistake! 
 Look close — and you'll see not a sign of a flake! 
 We want some new garlands for those we have shed, 
 And these are white roses instead of the red. 
 
CHAPTER X 
 
 POLITICS AND ELECTIONS 
 
 Most political news falls into one of the general classes of stories already 
 considered. Party conventions, campaign meetings, political speeches, in- 
 terviews with candidates and party managers, for example, are treated like 
 similar material in other fields. Elections, on the other hand, require a 
 different handling. Three common kinds of election stories are: (1) an 
 analysis of political conditions preceding an election with or without a 
 forecast of the result, (2) a description of election day conditions and events, 
 (3) the results of the election. 
 
 Although some newspapers are sufficiently independent in politics to 
 treat political news without partisan bias, many papers still present such 
 news from the point of view of their editorial pohcy. There is a growing 
 tendency, however, to present both sides fairly in news columns and to 
 confine partisanship to editorials. 
 
 Election return stories consist largely of summaries of the most important 
 results of the election, such as: (1) the candidates elected and defeated, 
 (2) the majority or plurality of the successful candidates, (3) the effect of 
 the election on the political complexion of legislative bodies, (4) causes of 
 victory and defeat, (5) statements by candidates and party managers in 
 regard to the results. 
 
 POLITICAL FORECAST 
 
 Springfield Republican 
 
 Estimates as to the relative strength of 
 the three leading political parties are at 
 variance, but some of the best informed 
 politicians are of the opinion that the 
 alignment this year will be vastly different 
 from what it was last year. Local political 
 workers are of the opinion that the repub- 
 lican vote for governor in this section this 
 year will be much larger than it was last 
 year. This contention is made by promi- 
 nent republicans who have canvassed the 
 
 western counties very carefully, and who 
 have done considerable campaign work in 
 this section. Their predictions are made 
 on the ground that the republican candi- 
 date last year antagonized a large element 
 in the party, who either voted for Gov 
 Walsh or for Mr Bird or did not vote at all. 
 The check lists in almost every town and 
 city in Western Massachusetts, with the 
 exception of a few places in Berkshire, 
 showed that the average republican vote 
 last year was about 75 per cent of the nor- 
 mal vote of the party. 
 The leaders figure that Mr McCall will 
 
i8o 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 command a large percentage of the repub- 
 lican vote that was lost last year. They 
 likewise figure that both Joseph Walker 
 and Gov Walsh will suffer serious defec- 
 tions this year. They believe that Mr 
 Walker will not poll more than two-thirds 
 of the vote polled by Mr Bird last year. 
 They figure that Gov Walsh will lose at 
 least 5 per cent of his vote of last year. 
 If these predictions should come true, they 
 say that Mr McCall would profit by the 
 defections from the other candidates. This 
 would mean a close call for Gov Walsh and 
 possibly his defeat. 
 
 While the democrats and progressives 
 express confidence that their respective can- 
 didates will be winners, politicians who are 
 not showing any active interest in the cam- 
 paign believe that the contentions made by 
 the republicans deserve consideration. Fig- 
 uring on the basis of last year's vote, local 
 republicans predict that Gov Walsh will 
 be fortunate if he receives 175,000 votes. 
 This would mean a loss of about 8000 
 from his vote of last year. Should the 
 progressives poll 80,000, they would suffer 
 a loss of about 43,000 on the vote for gov- 
 ernor. These defections would probably 
 go to Mr McCall, who then would come 
 very close to defeating the democratic 
 candidate. The figures submitted are not 
 impossible, as the vote last year indicates. 
 Mr Bird, then candidate for governor, ran 
 far ahead of the other candidates on the 
 progressive ticket. This in itself shows that 
 the true strength of the party was more 
 nearly represented in the vote cast for the 
 other candidates on the ticket than for the 
 candidate for governor. 
 
 Western Massachusetts may not prove 
 to be such a tremendous factor in deciding 
 the campaign this year, but if the signs 
 of the times are read correctly, Mr McCall 
 will receive an unusually large vote through- 
 out this section of the state. It is quite 
 probable that Mr Walker may command 
 a sizeable vote, but his strength is not ap- 
 parent now. The injection of prohibition 
 into the progressive campaign is thought 
 to have injured the Walker cause, not be- 
 cause the average progressive is opposed to 
 prohibition, but because many of them 
 
 believe that the cause of prohibition should 
 be confined to the party that raised it as an 
 issue. The enthusiasm which character- 
 ized the progressive campaigns in the two 
 years past is noticeably absent this year. 
 Try as the leaders will, they cannot raise 
 the excitement of former years, and this 
 is not a healthy sign in the opinion of those 
 who have followed politics closely. 
 
 The progressives, however, maintain that 
 they have not suffered any losses, and they 
 again predict a large vote this fall. Richard 
 J. Talbot, chairman of the progressive city 
 committee, claims that one-third of the 
 new registration will be found voting with 
 the progressives on election day. Mr Talbot 
 likewise goes on record as predicting that 
 the contest for governor this year will be 
 between Mr Walsh and Mr Walker. He 
 believes that Mr McCall will run third, as 
 Mr Gardner did last year. 
 
 The progressives and the democrats will 
 follow closely on the heels of the republican 
 spellbinders who will invade the city Mon- 
 day evening. A big republican rally is 
 planned for that evening when Mr McCall, 
 Senator Burton and Congressman Gillett 
 will be heard. The local republican city 
 committee has planned a reception for the 
 candidates from 7.15 until 8 o'clock. The 
 rally will be held in the Auditorium. The 
 democrats will hold their rally in the Audi- 
 torium on Wednesday evening, the 28th, 
 and it is possible that the progressives will 
 follow on the 29th or 30th. 
 
 ELECTION DAY 
 
 New York Times 
 
 The fair weather and the fact that the 
 new modified Massachusetts ballot gave 
 the voters little trouble made ideal condi- 
 tions yesterday for rapid voting. 
 
 Voters began to crowd polling places 
 within five minutes after the polls opened 
 at 6 o'clock. They voted in steady streams 
 until 9 o'clock, when the first lull set in, 
 and a tabulation of figures revealed the fact 
 that nearly half the votes were cast. 
 
 It was a record for early voting for any 
 election in recent years. By noon 65 per 
 
POLITICS AND ELECTIONS 
 
 i8i 
 
 cent, of the total vote was in, and at 4 
 o'clock reports indicated that the late after- 
 noon rush would be inconsequential, as 85 
 per cent, of the vote had already been cast. 
 The total vote was recorded in several 
 election districts more than an hour before 
 the polls were scheduled to be closed. 
 
 Trouble had been expected from the new 
 ballots, but as voter after voter emerged 
 from the voting booths within a minute 
 after entering, the watchers began to gain 
 confidence that the day would pass without 
 serious confusion. 
 
 In the districts near Columbia Univer- 
 sity some voters took as long as nine min- 
 utes to vote, their extreme deliberation 
 indicating that they were splitting their 
 tickets with much care. In the downtown 
 districts political parties set up sample 
 voting places as near to the polls as the law 
 would allow. With sample ballots and the 
 aid of instructors, they taught the voters who 
 had not had the opportunity to familiarize 
 themselves with the new ballots earlier, 
 how to vote in the normal amount of time. 
 
 The "place of stay" voters were con- 
 spicuous by their absence. Watchers for 
 the Honest Ballot Association, who were 
 employed in squads of 100 members each, 
 scoured the city with warrants for the 
 arrest of men who were suspected, but they 
 went empty-handed for the most part, 
 although they challenged a few suspects. 
 
 One young man became very indignant 
 and wanted to fight when challenged. He 
 rushed into the office of Supt. of Elections 
 Voorhis, denouncing everybody in general 
 connected with the election, and demanding 
 that an escort be given to him to see that 
 he got his legal chance to vote. He was 
 asked where he voted last year and he said 
 in New Jersey, insisting, however, that he 
 had lived here a year since that time. Supt. 
 Voorhis with a smile informed the young 
 man that the election last year was on 
 Nov. 4, so that if he swore in his vote this 
 year he "would be taking a pretty long 
 chance." He changed his belligerent mood 
 at once and left, with thanks for Mr. 
 Voorhis's warning. 
 
 The only serious quarrel of the day oc- 
 curred at the opening of the polls in the 
 
 Fourteenth Election District of the Eighth 
 Assembly District at 180 Eldridge Street. 
 A Democratic Captain objected to Joseph 
 Strulowitz as a member of the Board of 
 Inspectors. Strulowitz was supported by 
 Misha Hymowitz, Chairman of the board, 
 and a seventeen-minute argument ensued 
 that sometimes grew so warm that by- 
 standers had to separate the contenders. 
 
 While it lasted not a single vote could 
 be cast, and it was finally settled by the 
 protests of more than 100 voters, who 
 urged that they had to be on their way to 
 work and couldn't afford to stand about 
 just to see a row. Strulowitz finally was 
 permitted to take his place. Supt. Voorhis 
 had to send a Special Inspector to a Brook- 
 lyn election district on receiving a report 
 from a Deputy that only three Inspectors 
 instead of four, as provided by law, were 
 on duty. 
 
 Mr. Voorhis sent out 300 Deputies in a 
 search for election frauds. Upon receiving 
 reports from them as to the speed and 
 quietness of the voting throughout the 
 city, Mr. Voorhis announced that it was 
 the quietest and most smoothly working 
 Election Day he had ever known. 
 
 The entrance of former football stars 
 into the business of watching the polls 
 provided in some districts an element of 
 interest that almost overshadowed the 
 voting. L. Bigelow, Jr., Captain of Yale's 
 football team in 1907, led the football forces 
 that had volunteered as watchers. He was 
 the centre of admiring throngs of boys 
 when he visited voting places in lower Fifth 
 Avenue. With him were Walter Logan and 
 John Kilpatrick, ends on the Yale team in 
 1910; "Pop" Foster, a Yale tackle in 1908; 
 Arthur Howe, an Ail-American quarter 
 back, selected from the Yale team of 1910; 
 S. D. Baker of Princeton, and "Big Ed" 
 Farley of Harvard. 
 
 The football squad worked with 250 
 college men, who were registered as mem- 
 bers of the Volunteer Watchers' League 
 and were under the direct control of Assist- 
 ant District Attorney Weller. Some of 
 them remained in automobiles at the 
 Criminal Courts Building ready to respond 
 on an instant's notice to any call for help. 
 
l82 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 A bit of humor that enlivened the day 
 in the upper east side was contributed by 
 the fact that four Election Inspectors, a 
 ballot clerk, a poll clerk, and a policeman 
 had to remain on duty all day at an elec- 
 tion district where the entire vote was cast 
 at 9 o'clock and there was no possible pros- 
 pect of getting any more votes through the 
 long day's wait. The voteless watch oc- 
 curred at the Forty-seventh Election Dis- 
 trict of the Nineteenth Assembly District 
 at McGowan's Pass Tavern in Central 
 Park. At 8:58 o'clock 50 per cent, of the 
 district's vote was cast when Max Boehm 
 cast his vote, and the other 50 per cent, 
 was cast when Max Boehm's son Bertrand 
 emerged from the booth two minutes later. 
 They were the only two registered voters 
 in the district. 
 
 Women from the Women's Political 
 Union visited the different polling places 
 distributing suffrage literature. The women 
 were on duty, some of them from 6 A. M., 
 and they remained until the close. Hun- 
 dreds of women passed in and out of the 
 headquarters of the union at 25 East Forty- 
 fifth Street during the day to get literature 
 and directions for distribution. Mrs. Har- 
 riot Stanton Blatch, the President, was at 
 623 Columbus Avenue, her own district, 
 with her daughter and little granddaughter, 
 the latter distributing literature with her 
 elders. Mrs. John Winters Brannan was 
 at the polls in the cigar shop, 103 West 
 Forty-sixth Street, and Miss Anna Con- 
 stable, at 631 Park Avenue. Polling places 
 on the lower east side were thoroughly 
 covered by the women. 
 
 STATE ELECTION RESULTS 
 
 New York World 
 (Lead only) 
 
 By a change of more than 330,000 votes the electors of New York State yes- 
 terday brought about these results: 
 
 Swept the Democratic party from the control of the New York State govern- 
 ment by electing Charles S. Whitman, the Republican candidate. Governor by a 
 plurality of 129,642 over Martin H. Glynn, Democrat. 
 
 Elected James W. Wadsworth jr.. Republican, to the seat in the Senate now 
 held by Elihu Root, over James W. Gerard, by a plurality of probably 55,000. 
 Mr. Gerard, however, ran many thousands of votes ahead of Mr. Glynn, not only 
 in the City of New York but in the country districts. He received 132,000 plural- 
 ity in New York City; Mr. Glynn 57,000. 
 
 Turned over to the Republicans the control of both branches of the Legisla- 
 ture, the next Senate probably containing 32 Republicans and 19 Democrats, and 
 the Assembly 106 Republicans and 44 Democrats. 
 
 Reduced the Democratic representation in the New York delegation to the 
 House of Representatives from 31 to 23. 
 
 Gave a surprisingly large vote to William Sulzer, the Prohibition-Progres- 
 sive-American candidate for Governor, not only in the country districts, but in 
 the Tammany stronghold of Manhattan. He carried Steuben County by 300. 
 
 Showed a slump in the Progressive vote in every part of the State, in some in- 
 stances the number of ballots cast for Mr. Davenport, the Progressive candidate 
 for Governor, being negligible. The total Progressive vote was apparently about 
 one-fifth of the 393,183 given Mr. Straus two years ago. 
 
POLITICS AND ELECTIONS 
 
 183 
 
 STATE ELECTION RETURNS 
 New York Tvmes 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, Nov. 3.— Boies Pen- 
 rose was re-elected to the United States 
 Senate today by a plurality approaching 
 100,000. 
 
 Dr. Martin Brumbaugh, Republican 
 candidate for Governor, was elected by 
 more than 125,000, and the entire Repub- 
 lican State ticket was swept into office, 
 according to latest unofficial returns from 
 all parts of Pennsylvania. 
 
 This estimate is based upon the heavy 
 Republican vote polled in Philadelphia 
 and Pittsburgh and the sweep of the Re- 
 publican column in such Democratic strong- 
 holds as Lehigh and Lycoming Counties. 
 
 The commanding lead of the Republi- 
 cans indicates that the Democratic delega- 
 tion in the National House of Representa- 
 tives will be reduced from twelve to seven, 
 the Progressive delegation reduced from 
 seven to two, and the Republicans increased 
 from 17 to 27. 
 
 The Republicans will have a large ma- 
 jority in both Houses of the State Legis- 
 lature. 
 
 Until late tonight, Democratic State 
 leaders claimed the election of Vance 
 McCormick, Democratic candidate for 
 Governor, by 135,000, despite the all- 
 apparent Republican victory. Progressive 
 State leaders admitted defeat shortly before 
 midnight. 
 
 A. Nevin Detrick, State Chairman of 
 the Progressive Party, said tonight: 
 
 Returns indicate an overwhelming vic- 
 tory for Penrose and Brumbaugh. I at- 
 tribute this vote to a revulsion against the 
 Democratic Administration and the belief 
 on the part of the electorate that the Re- 
 publican Party is the instrument through 
 which there will be a revival of prosperity. 
 
 State issues seem to have been lost 
 sight of by the voters, and the entire re- 
 sult is apparently based on national tra- 
 ditions. Returns from over the State are 
 too meagre to predict from as to the dis- 
 trict, Congressional, and Legislative can- 
 didates, but there is little doubt that the 
 returns for the head of the ticket will 
 prevail throughout the list. 
 
 Gilford Pinchot, Progressive candidate 
 for United States Senator, said : 
 
 During the campaign j ust ended, I made 
 the statement that, win or lose, I would 
 keep on with the fight for the conser- 
 vation of natural resources for the use of 
 the people, against the monopolies and 
 special interests, and in particular against 
 the kind of government that Penrose rej)- 
 resents. I reaffirm that statement now. 
 
 A. Mitchell Palmer, Democratic candi- 
 date for United States Senator, ran second, 
 with Pinchot, Progressive, third. Palmer 
 commanded a much larger vote than had 
 been conceded by the opposition leaders. 
 
 The four Republican Congressmen at 
 large, Scott, Crago, Lafean, and Garland, 
 were elected, and the Republicans in all 
 probability have carried into office nine- 
 teen of the twenty-seven members of the 
 State Senate. 
 
 Latest returns from this city indicate 
 that Brumbaugh carried Philadelphia by 
 a majority of 115,000 and Penrose by 
 100,000. Republican leaders in Philadelphia 
 asserted that this sweep meant that the fuU 
 Philadelphia delegation of six Congressmen 
 had been won by the Republicans. ' 
 
 The vote throughout Pennsylvania was 
 exceptionally heavy, and it is estimated 
 that upward of 1,000,000 citizens went to 
 the polls. 
 
 While no estimate of the complete 
 Pinchot vote is yet possible, it is believed 
 that Col. Roosevelt's recent invasion of 
 Pennsylvania aided little in bringing sup- 
 port. 
 
 CITY ELECTION RETURNS 
 St. Louis Globe-Democrat 
 
 The St. Louis vote in Tuesday's election 
 was a landslide for the Republicans. 
 
 The tabulated vote from all the 474 pre- 
 cincts shows majorities ranging from 3000 
 to 25,000. The St. Louis County vote also 
 was carried by the Republicans. 
 
 The final count shows that the Demo- 
 crats elected only one congressman, three 
 members of the Legislature, four justices 
 of the peace and four constables. 
 
i84 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 The home rule police and excise laws car- 
 ried in St. Louis by a majority of 8400. 
 The vote in the state, however, defeated 
 the home rule laws. 
 
 The woman suffrage amendment re- 
 ceived a hard blow in St. Louis, the major- 
 ity against it being 57,135. 
 
 The total Republican and Democratic 
 vote in St. Louis is estimated at 114,000. 
 The vote of the Progressive party almost 
 disappeared. Arthur N. Sager, the Pro- 
 gressive candidate for United States sena- 
 tor, polled only 1600 votes. 
 
 The Socialist vote, which has not been 
 tabulated, is estimated at about 8000. 
 
 The Republican ticket was led by How- 
 ard Sidener, candidate for re-election for 
 prosecuting attorney. His plurahty was 
 more than 25,000 over Walter A. Kelly, 
 the Democratic candidate. The plurality 
 of Louis Alt for license collector was over 
 25,000. He defeated Dennis P. O'Brien, 
 Democrat. 
 
 Karl Kimmel defeated Glendy B. Arnold, 
 who led the Democratic judicial ticket, by 
 3000 votes. George H. Shields, Republican, 
 had a plurality of 15,378 over John J. 
 O'Brien, low man on the Democratic judi- 
 cial ticket. 
 
 By a majority of more than 14,000 over 
 Edward A. Feehan, Democrat, Charles W. 
 Holtcamp was re-elected probate judge. 
 For each of the more important offices, 
 the Republican candidates' pluralities ex- 
 ceeded 12,000. 
 
 By the election of L. C. Dyer in the 
 Twelfth District over John P. Collins, the 
 Republicans will gain one congressman 
 from St. Louis. Henry A. Hamilton, the 
 Republican candidate in the Eleventh Dis- 
 trict, was defeated by William L. Igoe by a 
 plurality of more than 1900. Collins lost 
 to Dyer by 2100. 
 
 Jacob E. Meeker, Republican candidate, 
 was elected in the Tenth District by a 
 plurality over Francis M. Curlee of more 
 than 14,000 in the city. Meeker, who will 
 succeed Richard Bartholdt, had a large 
 majority m St. Louis County. 
 
 The Democrats elected their representa- 
 tives in the Legislature from the Third 
 District only, the successful candidates 
 
 being J. J. Moroney, Charles Rizzo and 
 Martin Ward. 
 
 The Republicans elected three state sen- 
 ators and thirteen members of the House 
 of Representatives. The election gives the 
 Republicans of St. Louis sixteen votes in 
 the General Assembly of the state. 
 
 A. C. Wiget, Jr., defeated Maurice J. 
 Cassidy, the Democratic incumbent from 
 the Thirteenth District, in the State Senate. 
 
 Four justices of the peace were elected 
 by the Democrats — Edward Rice winning 
 over Col. Dick Johnson in the Third Dis- 
 trict, Andrew Gazzolo and Rod Gorman 
 being elected in the Fifth District, and James 
 P. Miles winning in the Sixth District. 
 
 George Grassmuck, Republican, defeated 
 Andrew Sculh% member of the House of 
 Delegates, for justice of the peace in the 
 Eighth District by a large plurality. W. D. 
 Moore, Republican, defeated Robert J. 
 Carroll, Democrat, in the Ninth District. 
 
 Lawrence P. Daley, Democratic city 
 committeeman in the Seventeenth Ward, 
 was defeated for constable in the Fourth 
 District. The Democrats elected only 
 three constables. Daley led Turpin in the 
 voting, but fell behind Floyd E. Bush, Re- 
 publican, who was elected. 
 
 Republican majorities were piled up in 
 the First, Second, Ninth, Tenth, Elev- 
 enth, Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth and 
 Twenty-first wards. 
 
 VOTE ON LIQUOR ISSUE 
 Chicago Record-Herald 
 
 Richmond, Va., Sept. 22. — [Special.] — 
 Virginia will join the other dry states 
 Nov. 1, 1916, a majority of the voters of 
 the state having cast their ballots to-day 
 in favor of state-wide prohibition. Anti- 
 liquor forces carried the election by not less 
 than 25,000. 
 
 The cities of Alexandria, Danville, Nor- 
 folk and Richmond were the only ones that 
 gave a majority against state-wide prohi- 
 bition. Richmond voted 4,287 for prohibi- 
 tion and 6,011 against. The vote in the 
 twenty cities of the state was 21,726 for and 
 19,699 against state-wide prohibition. 
 
POLITICS AND ELECTIONS 
 
 iSs 
 
 Scattering returns from all the counties 
 show heavy dry majorities. 
 
 The surprise of the day was the vote 
 in Petersburg, 2,122 for state- wide prohi- 
 bition and 1,123 against. The wets had 
 figured on carrying that city as well as 
 Newport News, which went dry by a vote 
 of 1,024 to 761. 
 
 In Alexandria, the home of a large 
 brewery, the vote was 387 for and 1,132 
 against. Bristol, which voted wet in the 
 last local option election, voted 424 to 282 
 for state-wide prohibition. 
 
 Roanoke joined the dry column by a 
 vote of 2,329 for and 1,226 against, and 
 the vote in Lynchburg was 1,713 for and 
 973 against. 
 
 The counties of Amelia, Page and Greene 
 
 are the only ones so far heard from that 
 registered a wet majority. 
 
 Ninety of the 100 counties voted dry 
 in previous local option contests. 
 
 The result of the election will cause the 
 state to lose in revenue about $700,000 
 annually. It will cause all of the liquor 
 manufacturing concerns to remove from 
 the state. Only manufacturers at present 
 engaged in the production of wine and its 
 by-products, cider and beer, of not over 
 3^ per cent alcohol, can manufacture in this 
 state after Nov. 1, 1916, and the product 
 must be shipped outside the state and into 
 territory where its sale is legally authorized. 
 
 The day was a perfect one throughout 
 the state. No disorder was reported in any 
 town or county. 
 
CHAPTER XI 
 
 LABOR TROUBLES AND STRIKES 
 
 Steikes, lock-outs, and similar labor troubles, as disturbances in the eco- 
 nomic life of the community, are of interest to many readers who are not 
 directly affected. Important issues of wide-spread interest, such as the 
 recognition of trades unions, the eight-hour day, and a living wage, are often 
 involved in labor disputes. Acts of violence committed in connection with 
 strikes have for the average reader the same kind of interest as do other 
 similar acts. 
 
 A fair and accurate presentation of the points of view of both the em- 
 ployers and the employees is essential in all stories of this kind. Statements 
 from both sides, therefore, are important. Although stories in this class are 
 largely informative, there is also a chance for human interest treatment. 
 Accounts of Hving and working conditions, for example, as obtained from 
 workmen and their families often give a better picture of the circumstances 
 that produced the strike than do formal statements by labor leaders. Sym- 
 pathy may be legitimately created for the strikers and their families, espe- 
 cially when they are in actual want or are plainly the victims of oppression. 
 Because the settlement of labor troubles not infrequently is brought about 
 by the influence of public opinion, constructive journalism recognizes the 
 importance of furnishing readers with all of the facts necessary for an intel- 
 ligent understanding of the issues and conditions involved. 
 
 POSSIBILITY OF STRIKE 
 New York Herald 
 
 Chicago, Saturday. — Admissions were 
 made on both sides to-night that the con- 
 troversy between 30,000 firemen operating 
 on 150,000 miles of railroads West, North- 
 west and Southwest of Chicago, and the 
 railroad managers, had become critical and 
 that the question of a strike, tying up 
 practically all systems between here and 
 the Pacific coast, would be settled within 
 forty-eight hours. 
 
 W. S. Carter, president of the Brother- 
 
 hood of Locomotive Firemen and Engine- 
 men, on behalf of the firemen to-day sent 
 to the General Managers' Committee of 
 the railroads a request for a clear statement 
 of the employers' position. The brother- 
 hood asked for information on three points 
 in their demands: Increased wage scale, 
 which the railroads say would amount to 
 an increase of 22^^ per cent, but which the 
 firemen say would equal only 12% per cent; 
 the right of the union to represent the fire- 
 man after he has been promoted either to 
 an engineman or to any other capacitj'; 
 the right of the union to have authority in 
 
LABOR TROUBLES AND STRIKES 
 
 187 
 
 questions of seniority or the promotion of 
 old time employes. 
 
 In previous negotiations the Brother- 
 hood said that they were willing to submit 
 the wage question to arbitration under the 
 Erdman act, provided the other two points 
 were settled without the aid of a third 
 party. 
 
 It was announced by the general man- 
 agers' committee to-night that an answer 
 was directed sent to Mr. Carter, denying 
 this request and leaving it to the union, 
 despite their "strike vote," to take what 
 future course they think best. It is said 
 that the recent vote, showing more than 
 eighty per cent of the men to be against 
 accepting the offer of the railroads, would 
 enable the national officials to call a strike 
 at any time. 
 
 Negotiations have been on for six weeks. 
 About forty-nine Western railroads are in- 
 volved. If a strike were called, it is said, 
 25,000 other employes would be thrown out. 
 
 STRIKE 
 
 New York Evening Post 
 
 If you failed to find a red auto-cab on 
 the street this morning, it was because the 
 475 drivers of the New York Taxicab Com- 
 pany had gone out on strike at five o'clock. 
 At noon the strike was still on, the men, 
 who are members of the Chauffeurs' Pro- 
 tective Association, not having reached an 
 agreement with the company. 
 
 Most of the cabs are stored in the big 
 Gospel Tent, next to the Y. M. C. A. build- 
 ing, on West Fifty-seventh Street, and if 
 the company fails to get any of them mov- 
 ing by to-morrow, there is likely to be no 
 room for the worshippers who attend the 
 evangelistic services. 
 
 So sudden was the action of the drivers 
 that the company was totally unprepared 
 to cope with the situation, and hundreds 
 of orders remained unfilled. Many persons 
 were disappointed during the day. At the 
 ofiices, No. 546 Fifth Avenue, it was said no 
 statement would be made, for the reason 
 that the company did not know yet just 
 where the trouble was. 
 
 At Washington Hall, where the drivers 
 established their headquarters, the officers 
 of the association were in session nearly all 
 morning, and out on the street in front of 
 the building the members stood about in 
 groups, waiting for an announcement as to 
 the success or failure of their action. They 
 did not hesitate to tell their grievances, 
 either. 
 
 "The whole question sizes up about like 
 this," said one of the be-goggled and hel- 
 meted chauff'eurs. "The company expects 
 the riding public to keep us alive on tips. 
 But the riding public is losing the tip habit, 
 if anybody should ask you, and it has been 
 a starving game for us. 
 
 "Now, we fellows have got to live, like 
 any other workingmen. Just because we 
 drive automobiles don't prove that we're all 
 millionaires. We want a fair wage and op- 
 portunity to earn it. We don't care how 
 many hours we work, as long as there is a 
 chance to make the money. 
 
 "But we can't do much under the pres- 
 ent system. Here is the way the company 
 proposes that we will make a living : We run 
 the cabs for a week and take 20 per cent, 
 of the fares. Out of this we have to pay for 
 all the gasolene we burn, the polish we use 
 to keep the cabs bright and shiny, and two 
 or three uniforms a year. 
 
 "Supposing a driver takes in $20 a week? 
 Out of that he would get 20 per cent., and 
 out of that four dollars he is expected to 
 pay for six or seven gallons of gasolene at 
 fifteen cents a gallon, besides laying aside 
 a clothing allowance and buying his polish. 
 Of course, he is allowed to keep his tips, 
 but tips are getting smaller every year. 
 
 "Last week I made just seven dollars 
 after all expenses had been deducted. I 
 owed the company after the gasolene 
 charges had been paid, and my tip money 
 pulled me out seven to the good." 
 
 BEGINNINGS OF STRIKE 
 
 Chicago Tribune 
 
 Five hundred employes of wholesale gro- 
 cery houses yesterday joined the strike 
 begun on the preceding day by the porters 
 
i88 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 of Sprague, Warner & Co. Many nonunion 
 men joined with the unionists, and in some 
 of the houses the tie-up practically was 
 complete. Boys and girls employed in the 
 canning departments of some of the houses 
 caught the strike fever and walked out 
 with the men, although they are not organ- 
 ized. Two of the larger houses, those of 
 Steele, Wedeles & Co. and Reid, Murdoch 
 & Co., escaped the strike yesterday, but 
 their employes may go out to-day. 
 
 The strike came as a sort of April fool 
 joke on the merchants. They had offered to 
 arbitrate the differences with the union, 
 and did not believe that the men would 
 obey a strike order. There has been no 
 trouble in the industry for the last six years, 
 and the merchants were inclined to believe 
 that the entire controversy would be ad- 
 justed at a conference held yesterday morn- 
 ing. They found the union representatives 
 firm in their demands for a fifty -foitr-hour 
 week all the year. 
 
 The merchants offered to grant a Satur- 
 day half-holiday for eight months, but in- 
 sisted that while the fall rush was on in 
 September, October, November and De- 
 cember the men would have to work full 
 time. This was met by a proposition that 
 they be paid time and one-half for the 
 overtime on Saturday afternoons, but the 
 merchants declared that would be an in- 
 crease in wages which trade conditions did 
 not warrant. 
 
 Immediately after the negotiations were 
 broken off the union oflBcials hurried from 
 one house to another and called out the 
 men in most of the houses. A few of the 
 older employes stuck to their posts, but 
 the number was so small that they could 
 not handle the business. Among the larger 
 houses where the men went out are: 
 
 FRANKLIN MACVEAGH & CO. 
 
 SPRAGUE, WARNER & CO. 
 
 W. M. HOYT COMPANY. 
 
 JOHN A. TOLMAN & CO. 
 
 HENRY HORNER &, CO. 
 
 W. J. QUAN & CO. 
 
 S. PETERSON & CO. 
 
 "We have a few men left at work," said 
 RoUin A. Keyes of Franklin MacVeagh & 
 Co., "but I would not like to bet that we 
 
 will have them to-morrow morning. They 
 seem to have caught the strike fever, al- 
 though I think our position is eminently 
 fair. We made them as good a proposition 
 as we believed the business would stand, 
 and when that was not acceptable to them 
 we offered to submit the entire matter of 
 wages and hours to arbitration. They told 
 us they had tried arbitration once and did 
 not want any more of it. I cannot say how 
 long the strike will last or how extensive it 
 may be, but so far as this firm is concerned, 
 we are always ready to meet our employes. 
 I don't see, however, that a conference will 
 do any good at this time, as the strike will 
 have to run its course." 
 
 Alex Gilchrist, business agent of the 
 Wholesale Grocery Employes' Union, de- 
 clared that the demands of the men were 
 conservative and that the offer to arbitrate 
 was made too late in the negotiations to be 
 taken up. 
 
 "The merchants have had our demands 
 before them for a month," said Mr. Gil- 
 christ, "and they offered us nothing until 
 the last moment, when they knew we would 
 strike. They are trying to break up our or- 
 ganization, and the men think that they 
 might as well fight it out now. If the trade 
 is so heavy during the fall months that they 
 cannot grant us a half-holiday it is all the 
 more reason why they should pay us over- 
 time for Saturday afternoons during those 
 months. Our men believe that they cannot 
 get anything without fighting for it, and 
 that is what we have decided to do." 
 
 The Freight Handlers' Council will meet 
 to-night and take up the strike of the gro- 
 cery employes. A sympathetic strike in 
 some of the railroad freighthouses is said 
 to be probable unless the difficulty in the 
 grocery houses is settled soon. 
 
 SERIOUS CLASH IN BIG STRIKE 
 
 Chicago Tribune 
 
 Trinidad, Colo., April 21. — [Special.] — 
 Twenty-five dead, more than two-thirds of 
 them women and children, a score missing, 
 and more than a score wounded, is the toll 
 known tonight to have resulted from the 
 
LABOR TROUBLES AND STRIKES 
 
 189 
 
 fourteen hour battle which raged yesterday 
 between state troops and striking coal min- 
 ers in the Ludlow district. The battle oc- 
 curred on the property of the Colorado Fuel 
 and Iron company, the Rockefeller hold- 
 ings. 
 
 Today both sides maintained an ominous 
 quiet, but it is feared the battle will be re- 
 sumed tomorrow with greater bloodshed 
 than that which has occurred. 
 
 The militia, which yesterday drove the 
 strikers from their tent colony and, it is 
 charged, set fire to the tents, involving 
 thereby the greatest loss of lives, are pre- 
 paring for a machine gun sortie at daybreak 
 from their position along the Colorado aild 
 Southern railroad tracks at either side of 
 the Ludlow station. 
 
 On the surrounding hills, sheltered by 
 rocks and bowlders, 400 strikers await the 
 coming of the soldiers, while their ranks are 
 being swelled by men who tramped over- 
 land in the dark, carrying guns and ammu- 
 nition from the neighboring union camps. 
 
 Italian, Greek, and Austrian miners have 
 appealed to their consular representatives 
 for protection, and John McLennan, presi- 
 dent of the local union district, today wired 
 the Red Cross in Denver to be prepared to 
 render aid. 
 
 Both strikers and militia have a plentiful 
 supply of ammunition on hand. Five thou- 
 sand rounds were taken to the troops at 
 Ludlow on a Colorado and Southern train 
 from Denver early this morning, and this 
 supply was supplemented by a shipment 
 from Trinidad this noon. 
 
 The strikers by the seizure of an engine 
 in the Denver and Rio Grande yards at 
 Elmoro early yesterday Were also able to 
 replenish their stock. 
 
 The militia mmiber 200. Detachments 
 from Walsenburg and Lamar got through 
 the lines early yesterday. 
 
 The fighting began early yesterday, when 
 a militia detachment under Lieut. Linder- 
 felt started to investigate the cause of firing 
 near Cedar Hill. As the day progressed, 
 word of the clash reached officials, and a 
 relief expedition consisting of fifty members 
 of the newly organized Trinidad militia 
 company were sent to the scene on a special 
 
 train. The militia went south of Ludlow 
 and came upon the strikers barricaded in 
 the pumping station. 
 
 Maj. P. J. Hamrock, in a statement this 
 morning, declared that the main battle was 
 precipitated about dusk by a crowd of 
 Greek strikers under Louis Tikas, who 
 opened fire upon a detachment of his men 
 while they were drilling near the military 
 camp, and in sight of the tent colony. 
 
 The strikers retreated along a gully back 
 of the tent colony, followed by the militia, 
 who swept the valley with machine guns. 
 
 The fire of the troops set many of the 
 tents on fire. While the flames were spread- 
 ing several thousand rounds of ammuni- 
 tion stored in the tent of John Lawson, 
 Colorado member of the national executive 
 board, United Mine Workers, accorchng to 
 the military reports, was exploded. 
 
 Terrified by the rain of bullets which 
 poured through the blazing canvases above 
 their heads, the women and children, ap- 
 parently more afraid of the lead than of the 
 flames, remained huddled in their pits until 
 the smoke carried death to them by suffo- 
 cation. 
 
 When it appeared that no more men re- 
 mained in the colony the militia ceased its 
 fire and went to the work of rescue. Women 
 ran from the burning tents, some with their 
 clothing afire, carrying their babes in their 
 arms. Many were forced to abandon their 
 older children to their fate. 
 
 Trembling, hysterical, some apparently 
 dazed, the women were escorted by the 
 troops to the Ludlow station, where they 
 were held until this morning, when a Colo- 
 rado Southern train brought them into 
 Trinidad. 
 
 The camp was abandoned to its fate fol- 
 lowing the departure of the women, and 
 the strikers retreated to the arroyos back of 
 the colony and to the surrounding hills. 
 
 This morning the camp was a mass of 
 charred debris. In the holes which had 
 been dug for their protection against the 
 rifle fire the women and children died like 
 trapped rats when the flames swept over 
 them. One pit, uncovered this afternoon, 
 disclosed the bodies of ten children and two 
 
igo 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 ONE DAY OF BIG STRIKE 
 New York Times 
 
 (Condensed) 
 
 LAWRENCE, Mass., Sept. 30.— For the 
 first time in this country a '' demonstration 
 strike" against the imprisonment of labor 
 leaders took place here to-day. After hand- 
 to-hand fights between rioters and police, 
 from the opening of the textile mill gates 
 in the morning until the closing at night, 
 the demonstration was called off by the 
 Industrial Workers of the World. 
 
 The strike was called for twenty-four 
 hours, beginning this morning, in protest 
 against the imprisonment of Joseph J. 
 Ettor, Arturo Giovanitti, and Joseph 
 Caruso, whose trial in connection with the 
 death of Anna Lopizzo opened in Salem 
 to-day. Seven thousand of the 30,000 
 operatives in the cotton and woolen mills 
 here obeyed the call, forcing out 5,000 
 others, either tlirough intimidation or lack 
 of work because of closing down of depart- 
 ments. Then, at a mass meeting late this 
 afternoon, the workers were told to go 
 back to-morrow morning, ready to come 
 out again at the call of the Industrial 
 Workers, if the leaders should not be satis- 
 fied with the progress of the trial at Salem. 
 
 The worst of the rioting occurred at the 
 opening of the mill gates this morning. 
 Pickets armed with revolvers, knives, sledge 
 hammers, iron bolts and other weapons, 
 attempted to stop operatives from going 
 into the mills. When the police tried to 
 maintain order, the pickets struggled with 
 them desperately. Swinging their clubs 
 with effect, the blue-coats drove back the 
 rioters. A score of arrests were made, 
 many of the prisoners having cracked heads, 
 while there were many others who escaped 
 through the crowds to their homes with 
 bleeding heads and bruised faces. 
 
 Men, women and children on their way 
 to work were held up and assaulted by 
 strikers or sympathizers. 
 
 The morning's trouble began at the cor- 
 ner of Essex and Mill Streets. A fireman 
 was escorting his young daughter to her 
 work in one of the mills when he was 
 
 attacked by a crowd of pickets. The fire- 
 man put up a hard but successful fight to 
 protect his daughter from interference. 
 After seeing the young woman safely within 
 the mill gates, he returned to the crowd of 
 pickets. Here he pointed out a man, who, 
 he said, had struck his daughter. The 
 alleged assailant was arrested. 
 
 A short time before the hour for opening 
 the mills a stream of operatives began to 
 pour down Essex Street and through the 
 side streets leading to the factories. Pick- 
 ets intercepted the workers and attempted 
 to prevent them from entering the mill 
 gates. Lunch baskets were snatched and 
 hurled into the faces of the women and 
 children. One gray haired woman was res- 
 cued, with two companions, from a group 
 of pickets who had bruised her face. 
 
 Fathers and brothers, some of them 
 armed, escorted daughters and sisters to 
 the mills. One boy was struck over the 
 head with a bottle and rendered imcon- 
 scious. 
 
 Cars bearing workers were intercepted 
 by pickets and stalled for a time. One 
 motorman had to fight with the crowd for 
 possession of his controller. 
 
 Private automobiles were used as patrol 
 wagons by the police. Timid women oper- 
 atives were taken in charge by the police 
 and conveyed by automobiles to their 
 mills. 
 
 Leaders of the Industrial Workers of 
 the World said that the organization could 
 not be held responsible for the disturbances. 
 Miss Elizabeth Gurley Flynn in a state- 
 ment said: "I, personally, and other lead- 
 ers have constantly cautioned workers 
 against any violence, particularly in the 
 present strike, which is one of demonstra- 
 tion rather than of grievances. The trouble 
 this morning was caused by some excitable 
 3'oungsters, whose actions can hardly be 
 controlled by any one." 
 
 Against this statement must be weighed 
 the language of one of the addresses in 
 Italian that aroused the crowd at the after- 
 noon mass meeting. It was translated into 
 English and given out to-night in the form 
 of a statement by the speaker. Carlo Tresca, 
 an editor of Pittsburgh. It said: 
 
LABOR TROUBLES AND STRIKES 
 
 191 
 
 "If Ettor, Giovanitti, and Caruso are 
 found guilty, or either of them is found 
 guilty, the Industrial Workers of the 
 World will march to Salem, storm the jail, 
 and rescue the prisoners, if possible." 
 
 Only one hospital case was reported, that 
 of an operative who was thrown headlong 
 from a street car and knocked unconscious. 
 He was later discharged. No policeman 
 was wounded, and no shots were fired. 
 
 The decision of the Industrial Workers' 
 leaders to call off the strike was made pub- 
 
 lic at a mass meeting attended by 5,000 
 persons in a vacant lot this afternoon. 
 There was no dissent, although many of 
 the operatives said they had expected the 
 strike to last much longer. No vote waa 
 taken at the meeting on the matter of for- 
 mally ending the strike. Archie Adamson, 
 who presided, said afterward that the usual 
 vote was dispensed with because it was 
 feared some of the hotter heads among the 
 strikers might insist upon remaining out, 
 and thus create disturbances. 
 
CHAPTER XII 
 
 WEATHER 
 
 The universal interest in the weather, which makes it the most common 
 topic of conversation, is due to its effect upon health, business, and pleasure. 
 Official forecasts of the weather are given a place of prominence on the 
 front page of most papers, and are read with interest by most readers. The 
 business man, the farmer, the shopper, the pleasure-seeker, all are concerned 
 with the state of the weather and the predictions regarding it. Besides the 
 official reports, there is opportunity for weather stories of various kinds. 
 The change of the seasons, extremes of heat and cold, storms, and unusual 
 weather of any sort serve as subjects for weather stories. Two stories of an 
 eclipse of the sun have been included in this division, although, of course, 
 such phenomena should be classed as astronomical rather than meteoro- 
 logical. 
 
 Although the purely informative type of story is the usual one for 
 weather, the subject may be treated in a lighter vein. There is often a chance 
 for life and color whether the treatment be informative or more or less 
 humorous. 
 
 FIRST WINTER WEATHER 
 
 Boston Transcript 
 
 Start up the furnace fire and begin the 
 inroads on that well-stocked coal bin (if it 
 is well stocked), for winter has come. The 
 Old Man of the North put in appearance 
 this morning, long enough to register offi- 
 cially at the Weather Bureau with a few 
 flakes of snow. There was a welcome rain- 
 storm during the night, and the snowflakes 
 were just a tail-end contribution from the 
 storm, a few raindrops turned into frozen 
 particles when struck with the chill wind 
 that blew in from the northwest. 
 
 The forecast says: "Fair, continued cold 
 tonight and Wednesday; freezing tonight." 
 The forecaster's official verdict will be be- 
 lieved readily enough by all those who have 
 
 been out during the day. When the tem- 
 perature reading is only 41° in the middle 
 of the day, as was the case today, it is a 
 sure enough sign that winter is approach- 
 ing, especially when a strong northwest 
 wind is doing its best to find all the cracks 
 and crevices in the buildings of the com- 
 munity, so that it will know where to locate 
 them later in the year without wasting time 
 in the search. 
 
 It was colder at eleven o'clock this morn- 
 ing, by thirteen degrees, than it was at 
 midnight, while the lowest temperature 
 reading of the morning was between eight 
 and nine o'clock, 39. That is not the lowest 
 of the season, however, for nearly a month 
 ago, Sept. 29 to be exact, there was a read- 
 ing of 34°. Forecaster Smith thinks that 
 mark will be passed tonight; in fact, he 
 
WEATHER 
 
 193 
 
 would not be at all surprised if the min- 
 imum between now and tomorrow morning 
 were around 28 to 30°. After tomorrow 
 there will be a shift back to weather warmer 
 than normal, or at least it looks so now. 
 
 Today's brand of weather is much nearer 
 the normal than what the month of Octo- 
 ber has previously brought forth. Up to 
 today there has been an accumulated ex- 
 cess of 156 degrees in heat, or an average 
 of about six degrees a day. 
 
 SNOW STORM 
 
 Springfield Republican 
 
 Boisterous storms which broke over the 
 whole eastern and southern quarters of 
 the United States yesterday prepared the 
 first "white Easter" this land has experi- 
 enced in years. The snowy tumult swept 
 in across the Atlantic from the south and 
 east late Friday night and all day yester- 
 day, bringing a considerable quantity of 
 wet ocean with it, which was distributed 
 high above tide levels along the whole sea 
 coast from Maine to Florida, drowning 
 out business in some cities and driving 
 street car and automobile patrons to boats. 
 Coastal shipping was paralyzed, rail traffic 
 in many salt water districts was halted and 
 wire lines were prostrated throughout the 
 southern coast states. Louisiana and Texas 
 saw the first scums of ice that have ever 
 been frozen in those states in April. Hardy 
 New England refused to be daunted by the 
 large rough patches of "weather" flung 
 down here. Rails and wires stood up well 
 under the strain of blustery winds and snow 
 ranging in depth from six inches to more 
 than a foot. But the storm was no fun. 
 
 All Western Massachusetts and Con- 
 necticut gasped and floundered yesterday 
 afternoon and last night. The wind and 
 flurries of snow presaging trouble were here 
 before noon, but the real snowfall did not 
 start until about 1 o'clock. Then a contin- 
 uous fall with swirling gusts whisked 
 through city streets and over country hills, 
 drifting always where drifts were not desir- 
 able. Around Springfield the snow was 
 about eight inches deep on the level and 
 
 heavy drifts formed all over town. The 
 railroads out of this city managed to keep 
 within haK an hour of schedule time, how- 
 ever. 
 
 The snow was hardly soggy enough to 
 put a serious crimp into traffic, and trains 
 contrived to do their own drift-bucking, 
 though the old reliable snowplows stood 
 ready in the j-ards with dabs of axle grease 
 on their snouts ready for quick calls to 
 battle. Trolly lines about the city were 
 open all afternoon and night, thanks to 
 eight plows and a couple of Sanders, with 
 cars running as near schedule as possible. 
 The Feeding Hills line was tied up two 
 hours early in the evening when snow- 
 choked switches refused to slide, and two 
 cars were bounced off on the ground. 
 
 All over town the going was treacherous 
 enough to send many a smoothshod pedes- 
 trian to sudden and sometimes ignomini- 
 ous downfall. On one Main-street corner 
 a perfectly respectable old gentleman went 
 the "zip-bang!" route, as the sporting 
 writers would have it, and startled passers- 
 by with dark blue language when he spied 
 his shiny Easter hat whiff hastily across the 
 street and cave in against an adamant 
 store front. On a busy corner at the even- 
 ing rush hour, a swarthy, well-dressed 
 young man went to the pavement all sprad- 
 dled out, and tripped a woman with a pot- 
 ted lily in her arms. The lily pot collapsed 
 with the well-known dull thud. The woman 
 was outraged when the young man hopped 
 up, looked frightened and dived into a 
 nearby lunch-room, without a word. The 
 manager of the lunch-room, who has to be 
 an interpreter in order to hold his job, 
 said that the swarthy, who was his assistant 
 chef, had not tarried to apologize because 
 he didn't know how to do it in English. 
 
 When the snow began to fall in the after- 
 noon, the street department made a few 
 desultory attempts with sweepers to keep 
 it confined to the gutters, but the storm 
 became too persistent for that. Drifts 
 filled the crossings in spite of gangs of shov- 
 elers and traffic of all sorts was enfeebled 
 though not halted. Traffic officers and 
 drivers were blinded by the fine flurries at 
 times and the police consider the day a 
 
194 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 lucky one because only one slight crash 
 occurred. Harry Edwards, driving N. L. 
 B^Ton's undertaking car, failed to see the 
 warning palm of the officer at the comer 
 of Main and State streets soon enough, and 
 with wheels locked his machine skidded 
 into a broadside collision with a Fiberloid 
 company's truck. The Byron car came off 
 with a crushed fender and a few scratches. 
 
 Easter week business in hats and Sunday 
 trumpery was badly handicapped. The 
 storm yesterday did all the crimping left 
 undone by the trolly strike, which kept 
 folks at home Wednesday and Thursday; 
 so that practically all of the downtown 
 store owners admitted last night that their 
 week's business was ruined. The Forbes 
 & Wallace, the Steiger, the Kinsman- 
 Campbell and a few other of the larger 
 store managements were irked at the sight 
 of their sales staffs standing around idle 
 last night, and closed a half-hour early. 
 The flower stores, too, were badly hit by 
 the storm, some of them having perishable 
 stocks left on their hands last night, which 
 will have to spoil for want of a market. 
 
 The weather conditions yesterday caused 
 a big rush of business for the telephone 
 company, extra girls being called in and 
 kept going at top speed all day. During 
 the rush hours the service was especially 
 heavy, being about double that of an 
 ordinary day, and the exchange boards 
 were a blaze of lights. In spite of the de- 
 mand the company responded well, giving 
 fine service. Ordinarily about 110,000 
 local calls are handled each day, but the 
 number went far in excess of that figure 
 yesterday. But in spite of all there were 
 large feelings of thankfulness in many 
 bosoms yesterday when the street cars 
 were observed going about their regular 
 business. Had the troUymen's strike not 
 been called off Thursday evening, the city 
 would have been utterly paralyzed. The 
 strike occurred on two days when the 
 weather was fine. Apparently the gods did 
 a little charitable figuring before the week's 
 program was arranged. 
 
 However much people may have been 
 surprised by April snow, yesterday's fall 
 was not unprecedented. Springfield has 
 
 been almost snowed under several times 
 during the month of April, light falls hav- 
 ing been seen here frequently. A few of the 
 heaviest snows recorded were as follows: — 
 
 April 19, 1821, two feet. 
 
 April 6, 1852, tremendous storm. Snow a 
 foot deep on the level. 
 
 April 17, 1854, heavy storm, with two-foot 
 drifts and good sleighing. 
 
 April 3, 1861, deep drifts, traffic suspended. 
 
 April 2, 1862, over a foot of snow. 
 
 April 7, 1868, seven inches of snow. 
 
 April 1, 1872, a six-inch fall. 
 
 April 25 and 26, 1874, severe storm with 
 18-inches of snow. 
 
 April 5, 1876, heaviest snowstorm of the 
 winter, two feet on the level. 
 
 April 8 and 9, 1907, about seven inches on 
 the level. 
 
 FIRST DAYS OF SPRING 
 New York Herald 
 
 Central Park was filled yesterday with 
 throngs of visitors out to enjoy the balmy 
 air of a spring day. Automobiles, victorias 
 and other smart equipages passed in con- 
 tinuous procession along the drives. Fifth 
 avenue stages unloaded hundreds who 
 streamed through the park and joined the 
 throng already there. The new life of 
 springtime was manifest on every side. 
 
 In mid-afternoon, imder the warming in- 
 fluence of the sun, couples seated on the 
 benches began boldly to hold hands. The 
 Mall was peopled by thousands who 
 walked or travelled on cars from all parts 
 of the city. There were long rows of family 
 parties. At every avenue of approach were 
 venders of balloons and whirligigs display- 
 ing their wares to children. 
 
 The space on the walks not covered by 
 pedestrians was taken up by perambulators 
 and go-carts. Even the squirrels seemed to 
 be surprised by the outpouring of visitors 
 and the increase in the peanut supply. 
 
 Boats splashed in the lakes and streams 
 bearing happy couples and shouting, happy 
 faced youngsters. Along the railings over- 
 looking the bridle paths stood thousands 
 watching the smartly dressed equestrians 
 gallop by. 
 
WEATHER 
 
 195 
 
 The menagerie was the magnet that drew 
 and held the largest crowds; fully fifty 
 thousand viewed the animals. For the 
 first time many of them saw the new mem- 
 bers of the zoological family that arrived 
 during the winter. James Conway, the 
 veteran shepherd of the park flocks, had 
 twenty brand new lambs to show, and it 
 was with a great sense of pride that he dis- 
 played them upon the hillside. In addition 
 to a new staff he had at his side the beauti- 
 ful collie Jack, recently presented to him 
 by Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan. 
 
 Warmed by a soft breeze from the south. 
 Coney Island had a spring festival. Fifty 
 thousand persons, responding to the invi- 
 tation of the vernal equinox, spent the 
 afternoon at the resort by the sea. The 
 Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company had to 
 put on extra trains. Automobiles were 
 out in great number. 
 
 Coney Island has awakened from its 
 winter sleep earlier than usual this season. 
 The roller coaster railways and many 
 merry-go-rounds already open were aug- 
 mented yesterday by the opening of the 
 "loop the loop." The horse race feature of 
 Steeplechase Park will open next Sunday, 
 and the whole park will begin its season on 
 the following Sunday. 
 
 Dreamland Park will open on May 14. 
 Work of getting the park in shape will begin 
 this week. Luna Park will open, as usual, 
 about the first week of May. It was re- 
 ported yesterday that a well known Man- 
 hattan restaurateur will open an establish- 
 ment next month adjoining the New 
 Brighton Theatre. 
 
 Isaac Stein, a merchant in Surf avenue. 
 Coney Island, asserts that he is the first 
 man to don a straw hat for the 1910 season. 
 He put one on yesterday and sat for two 
 hours on his porch. 
 
 COLD SUMMER WEATHER 
 
 New York Evening Post 
 
 June has carried off the year's honors in 
 weather record-breaking, with the cold 
 winds of last night and to-day. At six 
 o'clock this morning the Weather Bureau's 
 
 thermometer registered 48 degrees. Since 
 1871, when the tabulations of the Weather 
 Bureau began, no such temperature has 
 been noted after June 9. There have been 
 one or two days of chilher weather in past 
 Junes, with 45 degrees as the record for 
 low temperature, but none of these have 
 come so late in the month. 
 
 New Yorkers who woke up in the cold 
 June dawn and went groping into bottoms 
 of trunks for the blankets of January may 
 take some malicious pleasure in the fact 
 that it was colder in some places in the 
 State. The most uncomfortable commun- 
 ity in New York appears to have been 
 Camden, in the north, near the St. Law- 
 rence, where the mercury slid down to 36 
 degrees. Rochester was in little better con- 
 dition, with a frigid summer morning's air 
 at 40 degrees, and Syracuse shivered over 
 its cereal and cream in a hardly more cheer- 
 ful atmosphere at 42 degrees. A prevaihng, 
 if not popular, temperature in many places 
 was 44 degrees, which chilled Albany, 
 Binghamton, Buffalo, and Scranton, Pa. 
 Over the line in Vermont, Northfield was 
 delighting in a temperature of 40 degrees. 
 
 The explanation of all these rare days 
 in June for those who are not content with 
 knowing that it is too cold for comfort at 
 this time of year, is that there has been 
 an area of high barometric pressure hover- 
 ing around the Canadian Northwest re- 
 cently, and that it has been moving east- 
 ward and down over a part of the United 
 States on its way out to sea. Ever3rwhere 
 it has been accompanied by drops in tem- 
 perature of from 14 to 20 degrees, so that 
 New York is no worse off than any other 
 State. Yesterday this area was over north- 
 ern Minnesota, and last night it was over 
 Lake Huron. It is still with us in New 
 York, and is likely to be with us to-night, 
 the weather experts say, so that housewives 
 may as well keep their blankets on the 
 beds, now that they are out. Just how far 
 the thermometer may drop to-night cannot 
 be predicted. The weather man thinks 
 there may be frost in the country districts 
 to-night. 
 
 A serious side to the prospect of frost is 
 the danger of damage to fruit trees and 
 
196 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 gardens. Last night, fortunately, frosts 
 were prevented by the rain which fell early 
 in the night and which left the trees and 
 crops safe as the sky cleared later. To- 
 night, however, different conditions are to 
 be faced and farmers will have to protect 
 their produce as far as they can. There 
 were damaging frosts on one or two of the 
 cold nights of last week. 
 
 So far there has been an interesting 
 weather contest between months this year. 
 May furnished the hottest weather on its 
 26th and 27th that had been recorded for 
 that month in 34 years, with temperatures 
 of 89 and 91 degrees. June has outclassed 
 May and made it impossible for any other 
 month to better her record, by outdoing all 
 known feats. With to-morrow, June 21, 
 the summer solstice and the longest day 
 of the year, the official beginning of the 
 supposedly hot season is expected to usher 
 in a period of normally settled weather. 
 
 HIGH WIND 
 
 New York Times 
 
 Wind, which seemed never to be of re- 
 markable velocity, but which blew in gusts 
 that whipped a fine rain into stinging parti- 
 cles, blinding to pedestrians and to drivers 
 of vehicles, caused the death of two men 
 yesterday and injury to many others, and 
 did damage to property in Manhattan 
 and BrookljTi that threatened many other 
 lives. One of the victims of the storm was 
 run down by an automobile; the other was 
 blown into the bay and drowned. 
 
 A derrick was blown from a six-story 
 building and fell into the roof of a moving- 
 picture house adjoining, four stories below. 
 In Brooklyn, the front wall, 100 feet long, 
 of a grain elevator crashed into the street, 
 and the spire of St. Paul's Roman Catholic 
 Church was partly blown to pieces. 
 
 It was in Columbia Street, between 
 Pacific and Amity Streets, BrookljTi, that 
 the greatest damage was done. There are 
 the buildings of the Dow Stores and Grain 
 Elevator Company. One of the buildings, 
 more than 80 feet in height, runs for 100 
 feet along Columbia Street. Its front wall 
 
 was of brick, windowless and blank above 
 the street floor. Behind it ran wooden bins, 
 in which grain was stored, and between it 
 and the bins were no cross-beams or sup- 
 ports. It was this that fell. 
 
 Tons of brick crashed into the street just 
 after 8 o'clock, carrying down the trolley 
 poles and lines of the crosstown line of sur- 
 face cars and smashing against the walls 
 opposite. Like the wrecked building, how- 
 ever, these were storehouses and factories, 
 and little damage was done to them. 
 
 The roar of the falling wall sounded like 
 an explosion, and Policeman Guthrie of 
 the Amity Street Station and the crowd 
 which rushed to Columbia Street thought 
 a bomb had been exploded. The whole 
 wall, 100 feet long, had fallen into the 
 street from the roof to a point twenty feet 
 above the sidewalk. 
 
 John Snackenberg, an Inspector in the 
 Building Department, said that grain 
 stored in the building might have exploded 
 by spontaneous combustion or the accu- 
 mulation of years which had dropped 
 between the bins and the outer wall might 
 have swollen and forced the brick wall out. 
 He would not say that either of these 
 things had happened, however, and it was 
 generally believed that the wind had 
 started the wall swaying until it had top- 
 pled over. 
 
 John Callahan and his three-year-old 
 son, John, Jr., were on their way home to 
 81 Congress Street when the wall fell, and 
 they were cut and bruised by bricks. John 
 Sullivan of 100 Baltic Street was hurt in 
 the same way, and all were treated by Dr. 
 Lee of the Long Island College Hospital. 
 
 The crowds returning to their homes 
 from the place were warned away from the 
 corner of Court and Congress Street. 
 There a big piece of copper about fifty feet 
 long was swaying from the tip of St. Paul's 
 spire. The church, which is the oldest 
 Catholic Church in Brooklyn, since the 
 renovation of St. James's Pro-Cathedral, 
 in Jay Street, has a spire covered with 
 slate and protected along the edges with 
 strips of copper. 
 
 The wind detached one of these, twenty- 
 five feet long, and blew it across the street 
 
WEATHER 
 
 197 
 
 to the roof of a tenement at 196 Court 
 Street, where it smashed through the sky- 
 light and put the tenants in a panic, though 
 none was hurt. The second strip, only 
 partly detached, blew to and fro like the 
 pendulum of a huge clock, occasionally 
 knocking pieces of slate into the street as 
 it banged against the spire. The police 
 blocked off the corner with red lanterns 
 and prevented pedestrians or vehicles from 
 passing. 
 
 In Manhattan the wind blew a 300- 
 pound derrick from the roof of a six- 
 story building at 801 Third Avenue, near 
 Fiftieth Street. It fell on the roof of the 
 two-story building adjoining, and the 
 crash startled the 200 occupants of a mov- 
 ing picture house on the floor beneath. 
 They hustled for the doors, and women's 
 dresses were torn in the struggle. None 
 was hurt, however. 
 
 James Costello, a retired policeman and 
 special watchman in a bank in Williams 
 Street, and Charles Smith, employed on a 
 barge moored to the end of Long Dock, in 
 Erie Basin, were the storm's victims. 
 Costello was run down by an automobile 
 in front of 7,210 Fourteenth Avenue, 
 Brooklyn, when he tried to cross the street, 
 his vision shielded by an umbrella, which 
 the wind forced him to hold over his 
 face. 
 
 Smith, with Edward Jurgeson, was cross- 
 ing on a plank between the end of the pier 
 and his barge when a gust of wind blew 
 him off. Jurgeson stretched out a hand 
 and caught Smith's arm. He could not 
 hold him and was pulled into the water. 
 Other bargemen, hearing them yell, threw 
 ropes, and Jurgeson caught one. He was 
 hauled into the barge, but Smith was lost. 
 His body was recovered. 
 
 Three foiirteen-year-old boys were hurt 
 in Faterson, N. J., when the wind blew 
 down a barn at 80 Plum Street, in which 
 they had taken refuge from the rain. They 
 were Louis Krager of 6, Frank Carman of 
 71, and Louis Rose of 34 Plum Street. 
 
 The boys were buried in the wreckage 
 of the building until firemen dug them out. 
 Then it was found that Krager had his 
 right arm and left leg broken and both 
 
 the others probably had fractured skulls. 
 Young Krager was caught beneath several 
 heavy beams and could not be moved until 
 firemen had rigged a block and falls and 
 lifted the beams. The youngsters were 
 taken to St. Joseph's Hospital. 
 
 According to the weather forecast, the 
 wind, which blew from the northeast yes- 
 terday, will haul to the northwest to-day, 
 and may blow even more heavily. 
 
 Note — In the next two stories the facts about 
 the same eclipse are given in different ways. 
 
 ECLIPSE OF SUN 
 
 (1) 
 Washington Herald 
 
 That feeling of awe inspired by the shut- 
 ting off of the sun's light was prevalent in 
 Washington yesterday morning for about 
 three hours. 
 
 All over the city groups of men, women, 
 and children were formed to view the phe- 
 nomenon through smoked glasses. Those 
 who had not been informed of the eclipse, 
 or who had neglected to ascertain the time 
 of the sun's darkening, mistook the appear- 
 ance of things as foreboding rain. 
 
 The darkness was not like the darkness 
 of night. It was a gloomy blackness, and 
 seemed to carry a chill with it as it passed 
 over the earth. 
 
 At the Naval Observatory, on George- 
 town Heights, a corps of five astronomers 
 were making observations of the spectacle, 
 and photographs were taken by a forty -foot 
 photo-heliograph. 
 
 Under the direction of Prof. W. S. 
 Eichelberger, the observers recorded the 
 first contact of the sun and moon at thirty- 
 five minutes and twenty-eight seconds after 
 9 o'clock, just ten seconds before the pre- 
 dicted time. The sun was in partial eclipse 
 until forty-nine minutes and two seconds 
 after 12 o'clock. 
 
 Photographs were taken at different in- 
 tervals of the moon's transit by Prof. 
 George H. Peters. Those who assisted 
 in making the observations were Profs. 
 F. B. Littell and G. A. Hill, assistant as- 
 
igS 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 tronomers, Mat Frederickson and C. W. 
 Frederick. 
 
 According to the astronomers, only about 
 75 per cent of the sun's face was darkened, 
 but the eclipse was total in Florida and 
 Mexico. 
 
 This was the second eclipse of the year, 
 the other having occurred on January 3. 
 As the sun yesterday was not completely 
 hidden, the phenomenon of the "corona" 
 was not visible. The shadow was visible, 
 however, over the whole of North America, 
 the northern portion of South America, 
 the southwestern part of Europe, the north- 
 west corner of Africa, and the Northern 
 Atlantic and Pacific oceans. 
 
 The spectacle was regarded by astrono- 
 mers at the observatory as highly instruc- 
 tive, many crescent images being seen. 
 
 Last evening, immediately after sunset, 
 Jupiter, Mercury, Mars, Neptune, and 
 Venus were noticeable, grouped together 
 in the West. These stars, according to 
 astronomers, will not be seen again in such 
 proximity for several hundred j^ears. 
 
 In other days, the combination of two 
 such phenomena, the grouping of large 
 planets, and an eclipse of the sun, would 
 start all sorts of forebodings, but with the 
 general spread of astronomical knowledge, 
 events like these are accepted as part of the 
 workings of the great law that rules the 
 universe, and have ceased to strike terror. 
 
 (2) 
 Washington Post 
 
 Sooty nose tips were quite the fashion 
 in the National Capital yesterday forenoon. 
 People got them by squinting through bits 
 of smoked glass at the sun and moon. Our 
 Lady of the Night, instead of being de- 
 cently abed with her star children in the 
 celestial nursery, was up and abroad in the 
 full glare of the June morning, and had the 
 astronomical rudeness to cast a shadow on 
 Sabbath newspapers by passing between 
 their readers and the light. 
 
 It took her 3 hours, 13 minutes, and 34 
 seconds, to a dot, to march across the sun, 
 and all Washington flocked into the front 
 yard to gaze on the lady's transit. They 
 
 bore gingerly in their fingers small pieces 
 of glass darkened by wick smoke, and such 
 as in their innocence yielded to the prompt- 
 ings of mischief -minded folk to "Hold it 
 closer, dear, closer, so you can see," reaped 
 the reward of the unsophisticated in 
 smudged noses and gay shouts of ribaldry 
 at their cost. 
 
 It was 35 minutes and 28 seconds past 
 9 o'clock, standard time, when the partial 
 eclipse began. At that instant occurred 
 what astronomers call the first contact, 
 when the windward edge of the roistering 
 moon impinged on the sun's periphery. 
 Get it ? Periphery — circumference — rim. 
 (Representing the difference between the 
 Naval Observatory, Connecticut avenue 
 and South Washington. All the same, but 
 seconds different.) 
 
 It was 1 hour 36 minutes and 47 seconds 
 later, or 11:12:15 a. m., when the Pale Orb 
 of Night (phrase borrowed) reached the 
 half-way point in her morning stroll across 
 the perpendicular path of the light dis- 
 penser, and achieved the casting of a shadow 
 on the world that, if it didn't send the 
 birds to roost, at least fooled some lazy 
 folk into turning over with a happy sigh of 
 surprise for a longer snooze. 
 
 It was 29 minutes and 2 seconds past the 
 hour of high noon when her ladyship blew 
 off to bed, scandalous jade, and the smoked- 
 glass gazers went to lunch. 
 
 At the Naval Observatory, on Wisconsin 
 avenue Heights, during the eclipse Prof. 
 W. S. Eichelberger and his full staff were 
 as busy as 97 eggs in an incubator at hatch- 
 ing time. 
 
 " The eclipse," added the professor, " ar- 
 rived ten seconds ahead of the predicted 
 time and lasted thirteen seconds less than 
 the predicted period. Five observers noted 
 the times of contact — Prof. F. B. Littell, 
 U. S. N., Assistant Astronomers G. A. Hill, 
 J. C. Hammond, Matt Frederickson, C. W. 
 Frederick, and myself — who directed the 
 observations. A photograph of the maxi- 
 mum eclipse was taken by Assistant George 
 H. Peters, and a print was obtained through 
 the courtesy of Capt. W. J. Barnett, U. S. 
 N., superintendent of the observatory. 
 
 "The photograph was taken with the 
 
WEATHER 
 
 199 
 
 40-foot photoheliograph installed at the 
 observatory. All other official observations 
 were made by equatorial telescopes. The 
 day was iine for observations. The image of 
 the sun was very steady at the first contact, 
 but somewhat less steady at the last." 
 
 The photoheliograph is a photographic 
 camera, forty feet long, mounted horizon- 
 tally. Within two feet of the front end of 
 the forty-foot tube (or bellows, to borrow a 
 photographical term) is the telescope lens. 
 Two feet in front of it is a wedge-shaped 
 piece of unsilvered glass, called the mirror. 
 This mirror receives the sun's rays direct, 
 diverts the major portion of the light, and 
 reflects the small remainder upon the lens, 
 which in turn imprints the image upon the 
 sensitive plate at the near end of the tube. 
 
 This near end — earth end, it might be 
 called — is inserted in one wall of a square, 
 dark room, within which the photographer 
 stands. A vertical slit, one-sixteenth of an 
 inch wide, in the near end of the tube, ad- 
 mits the light from the lens. At the precise 
 moment the photographer, by a quick, 
 strong pull on a lever, shoots the sensitive 
 plate across this slit, thereby accomplishing 
 an "exposure" of about one one-hundredth 
 of a second in duration. In that infinitesi- 
 mal fraction of time the desired image of 
 
 the eclipse is — and yesterday was — im- 
 printed upon the photographer's plate. 
 
 In case of a total eclipse the operation is 
 different. On account of the complete ob- 
 scuration of the luminary by the moon, a 
 time exposure of about two minutes is re- 
 quired, and to achieve this a clock mecha- 
 nism turns the camera tube so as to keep the 
 heavenly object always centered on the lens. 
 
 The diameter of the sun is 800,000 miles. 
 The diameter of the moon is 4,000 miles. 
 But the Sim is 92,500,000 miles away from 
 the earth, and the moon is only 24,000 miles 
 away. So, upon the ocular principle that 
 the nearer an object is the bigger it looks, 
 the moon, when it passed between the sun 
 and the earth yesterday, had an apparent 
 diameter as great as the actual diameter of 
 the sun. That is why, when there is a total 
 eclipse, the moon is big enough, looked at 
 from the earth, to all but completely hide 
 the sun, though the sun is 200 times as large 
 as the moon. Otherwise there could not be 
 such a thing as a total eclipse. 
 
 So yesterday in Florida and Mexico, 
 where the eclipse was central, at the mo- 
 ment of the maximum eclipse all that the 
 people could see of the sun was a brilliant 
 ring around the circumference of the moon, 
 like a molten circlet. 
 
CHAPTER XIII 
 
 SPORTS 
 
 Interest in sports. One of the marked characteristics of American news- 
 papers is the large amount of space, both absolutely and relatively, that 
 they devote in every issue to news of sports. Although there is undoubtedly 
 a healthy interest in athletic contests on the part of many readers, news- 
 papers have greatly stimulated this interest and have created a considerable 
 part of the present demand for sporting news and gossip. Hundreds of 
 thousands of newspaper readers who have never seen a major league base- 
 ball game follow day by day the doings of the various teams and players, 
 not merely during the playing season but throughout the greater part of the 
 year. Newspapers have also assisted in developing intercollegiate football 
 from a game in which students and alumni were primarily interested into a 
 sport of big spectacular contests that attract the general public. Even after 
 prize fighting was barred in most states, newspapers, by the space given 
 to the contestants for months before every fight, were able to maintain 
 wide-spread interest in the results. In order to furnish readers with a very 
 large amount of reading matter concerning both major and minor sports, 
 most papers have a special staff of sports writers under the direction of the 
 sporting editor. 
 
 Type of story. Sporting news stories may be divided into three classes: 
 
 (1) those that deal with the contestants and the conditions before the event, 
 
 (2) those that report the contest itself, and (3) those that analyze the event 
 and its results. Stories that discuss the relative merits of the contestants 
 and forecast the results of the game are based on first hand observations of 
 the writer or on the observations of others, regarding the showing made by 
 the contestants in previous events and in practice. The general and the de- 
 tailed accounts of a contest can, of course, be written only by writers who 
 have witnessed it. The analysis of the event and of its results may be based 
 either on the reporter's own observations of the contest or on the reports of 
 it printed in newspapers. In covering a big sporting event, a newspaper fre- 
 quently assigns two men to report it, one to write a general account and one 
 a detailed story. It is evident that all sporting news stories can best be 
 
SPORTS 201 
 
 written by men who are thoroughly famiUar with the sport itself and with 
 the contestants. 
 
 Purpose. The general aim of sporting news stories should be to satisfy a 
 normal, healthy interest in legitimate sports. That newspapers have stimu- 
 lated an excessive interest in professional baseball and intercollegiate foot- 
 ball, as well as in prize fights, is a criticism deserving careful consideration. 
 The evil effects on schoolboy athletes, and even on some college players, of 
 undue newspaper pubhcity have been pointed out by educators and should 
 also be considered by the sports writer. Accuracy and fairness are as vital 
 to news stories of sports as to any other news stories. Although the interest 
 that readers have in local contestants may warrant a writer in devoting 
 considerable space to them, it does not justify him in slighting or treating 
 unfairly their opponents in whom the readers have less interest. The spirit 
 of fair play that is essential to sport is equally necessary to reports of sport- 
 ing events. 
 
 Treatment. The handling of sporting news presents several problems. 
 The review of conditions preceding the contest and the analysis of the 
 game and its results require careful observation, clear thinking, and a good 
 expository style. In some respects this kind of interpretation is not unlike 
 editorial and critical writing. The account of the event itself demands 
 spirited narrative and description that portrays not only the scenes but 
 the spirit of the occasion. The contrast between the emotions of the victors 
 and those of the vanquished may be used to good advantage. Because of 
 the popular interest in individual players, many events give ample oppor- 
 tunity for developing the personal, or human interest, elements. The term 
 "heroes" as often appHed to athletes is not inappropriate, for it is the 
 heroic quahties of the contestants that appeal to the spectators and the 
 followers of the sport. 
 
 Style is also an important element in sporting news stories. The very 
 popularity of a subject that demands much writing on the same or similar 
 material day by day necessitates variety of presentation. Efforts to avoid 
 constant repetition in reporting baseball games have resulted in some pictur- 
 esque diction and some original figures of speech in the stories of the clever 
 few, and in much more cheap humor and almost unintelligible jargon in the 
 work of their mediocre imitators. That readable stories can be written in 
 good English with as much originality of style as is to be found in other 
 well written news stories, has been repeatedly demonstrated by a number 
 of writers on sports. 
 
202 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 FOOTBALL TEAM PROSPECTS 
 
 Philadelphia Ledger 
 
 When the University of Pennsylvania 
 football eleven lines up for its game with 
 the Navy team tomorrow afternoon on 
 Severn Field it will in all probability be 
 without the services of three of its star back - 
 field men. Howard Berry, "Bill" Quiglej^ 
 and "Vic" Welch are the trio who will be 
 forced to witness this contest from the side- 
 lines. Berr}% who was injured the early part 
 of last week, has been unable to get into 
 any of the scrimmages this week, while 
 Quigley and Welch have been out of the 
 game since last Saturday, when both re- 
 ceived injuries which will very likely keep 
 them out of the contest, unless it is abso- 
 lutely necessary to call on them for active 
 service. 
 
 The loss of these three men will prove a 
 serious loss to the Red and Blue, and unless 
 the men who are sent in to take their places 
 can gain through the Middies' defense, 
 "Old Penn" will be in a serious predica- 
 ment. The result of the game tomorrow 
 afternoon will be very closely followed by 
 all of Penn's coming opponents on the grid- 
 iron this fall; and unless the Quakers can 
 come close to the score made by the Pitts- 
 burgh team last Saturday against the 
 Admirals, the chances for defeating the 
 Smoky City athletes are very slim. 
 
 Yesterday's workout in the rain did not 
 slow up the practice a great deal, as the men 
 put all of their energies into their play, and 
 if the same spirit is prevalent in tomorrow's 
 game the Red and Blue team should bring 
 victory to Philadelphia. Ray Grant, who 
 has been directing the team during the last 
 two days, will in all probability be first 
 choice for the quarterback position, with 
 Williams, Ross and Derr behind him. 
 
 In the workout yesterday these four 
 men gained consistently against the fresh- 
 man and scrub elevens, and all of the 
 coaches were well pleased with the scrim- 
 mage work of the men. In the freshman 
 contest the Varsity went over for a touch- 
 down in 20 minutes of plaj^ and in the 
 scrub game they shoved the pigskin for 
 another tally. Tackling was practiced, and 
 
 every man was given the "call" if he did 
 not down the runner in the proper manner. 
 This department of the game will be drilled 
 into the head of every man, and before the 
 season is far advanced there should be a 
 vast improvement in the tackling of every 
 Penn player. 
 
 At the close of today's practice the men 
 will go to the training house for dinner, 
 after which they will pack their grips for 
 Annapolis. The squad will not go direct to 
 Annapolis tonight, but will stay in Balti- 
 more. The team's headquarters overnight 
 will be the Hotel Belvidere. Saturday 
 morning the men will board cars for the 
 Naval Academy. Coaches "By" Dickson, 
 Torrey, WTiarton and Dr. Carl Williams 
 will in all probability take the trip with 
 the team. 
 
 That the students at the University are 
 interested in the outcome of this contest is 
 certain, for tomorrow morning a "Pennsyl- 
 vania special" will puU out of Philadelphia 
 with more than 150 Penn rooters on board. 
 There are certain to be some lively times on 
 the Navy field tomorrow afternoon, when 
 the rooters cheer their teams on the banks 
 of the historic Severn River. 
 
 Note — The two stories following, aUhovgh 
 taken from the same paper and dealing with 
 similar material, afford an interesting contrast. 
 
 THE DAY OF THE GAME 
 
 New York Evening Post 
 
 Princeton, N. J., November 6. — With 
 ideal football weather for the annual game 
 between Princeton and Harvard to-day, 
 the thousands of followers of the rival teams 
 who are here from all sections of the East 
 expect to witness one of the most spectacu- 
 lar struggles of the season. The Tiger 
 coaches consider their eleven 20 per cent, 
 stronger than when Dartmouth was de- 
 feated two weeks ago, and while not over- 
 confident, are hopeful of victory. There are 
 many in the Princeton camp who say it is 
 the first time in four years that the Orange 
 and Black have entered into battle with 
 Harvard on apparently even terms. 
 
SPORTS 
 
 203 
 
 Although the unbeaten Princeton team 
 appear to have the better of Harvard in 
 playing form and all-round strength, it is 
 realized that in the Crimson, defeated by 
 Cornell two weeks ago, there are great 
 possibilities, and that Rush's men will have 
 the battle of their careers if victory is to be 
 theirs. With the exception of Halsey, right 
 tackle, who was injured last week, the 
 Tigers are in prime condition and prepared 
 for a gruelling contest. Parisette, who re- 
 places Halsey, and Lamberton, who takes 
 Brown's place at right end, are the only 
 changes announced by Coach Rush. The 
 remainder of the team is the same that 
 started the Dartmouth contest. Lamber- 
 ton until recently was a substitute half- 
 back. The changes are believed to have 
 materially strengthened the Princeton com- 
 bination at its weakest point. 
 
 Harvard will present a team on edge for 
 the battle, and, with the remarkable open- 
 field running of Capt. Mahan, hopes to 
 carry away the honors. The Crimson, how- 
 ever, is to face a much stronger opponent 
 than it did last year, when Princeton was 
 defeated 20 to 0. Neither of the rival 
 coaches will make any predictions prior to 
 the start of the game; both are hopeful, 
 however, and say their men will fight to the 
 last ditch. 
 
 The largest crowd that ever saw a Har- 
 vard-Princeton game in this little town is 
 on hand to see the fray. The demand for 
 tickets was so great that the supply of 
 41,000 was exhausted. It was the usual 
 colorful crowd, bedecked with the crimson 
 of Harvard and the yellow and black of 
 the Tigers, that wended its way from the 
 special trains from New York and Phila- 
 delphia early to-day to Palmer Stadium. 
 Automobiles by the hundreds brought 
 thousands of spectators. Old Princeton 
 graduates, back for the annual game, held 
 impromptu reunions on the campus or on 
 Nassau Street, or made a tour of inspection 
 of the University buildings to note the 
 changes since they were last here. 
 
 The Cambridge players came in from 
 New York on a special during the morning, 
 and were given a great welcome by hun- 
 dreds of Harvard men who had preceded the 
 
 squad here. Members of the scrub elevens 
 of the two institutions who have worked 
 hard all season giving practice to their 
 respective 'varsity teams played a game in 
 the forenoon which attracted a big crowd. 
 The hneup will be as follows: 
 
 PRINCETON. 
 Highley, 1. e. 
 McLean, 1. t. 
 Nourse, 1. g. 
 Geanert, c. 
 Hogg, r. g. 
 Parisette, r. t. 
 Lamberton, r. e. 
 Click (c), qb. 
 Shea, L hb. 
 Tibbott, r. hb. 
 Driggs, fb. 
 
 HARVARD. 
 
 Soucy, L e. 
 Gilman, I. t. 
 Dadmun, L g. 
 Wallace, c. 
 Taylor, r. g. 
 Parson, r. t. 
 Harte, r. e. 
 Watson, qb. 
 King, 1. hb. 
 Boles, r. hb. 
 Mahan (c), fb. 
 
 Officials: Referee, W. S. Langford, Trinity; um- 
 pire, Dr. Carl Williams, Pennsylvania; field judge, 
 E. S. Land, Annapolis; head linesman, G. N. Bank- 
 art, Dartmouth. Time of periods fifteen minutes 
 each. 
 
 Game starts 2 P. M. 
 
 THE DAY OF THE GAME 
 
 New York Evening Post 
 
 BT FAIR PLAT. 
 
 Cambridge, November 7. — Brave north- 
 west winds, a blue sky with heavy clouds 
 drifting across, sunlight with a glint of steel 
 in it, and air with a tang, were the weather 
 conditions which added zest to the spirit 
 with which Cambridge greeted the day of 
 her big game of the season, the contest for 
 gridiron supremacy between the Harvard 
 and Princeton football elevens. The game 
 with Yale will be played two weeks hence 
 at New Haven, and as a consequence Nas- 
 sau takes Eli's place in the Cantabrigian 
 scheme of things. 
 
 Enthusiasm is keen both here and in 
 Boston; for since the Crimson and Orange 
 and Black resumed football relations in 
 1911, after a lapse of fifteen years, interest 
 in this annual struggle has increased in the 
 public mind, as in the estimation of adher- 
 ents of the rival universities, until now it 
 has taken a place among the gridiron 
 classics of the year. 
 
 The fact that of all the important imi- 
 versity elevens Harvard and Princeton 
 are the only two that have not met defeat 
 
204 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 this season is taken into account as empha- 
 sizing the importance of the game, there 
 being something of a supplemental thrill in 
 the probability that by five o'clock this 
 afternoon the record of two unbeaten 
 elevens will be reduced to one. 
 
 A striking note about Cambridge to-day 
 is the absence of Crimson banners in the 
 hands of Harvard enthusiasts. Red flags 
 are barred under the law, and the Socialists 
 have insisted upon the enforcement of the 
 ordinance. No one is permitted to carry 
 the colors of fair Harvard, under pain of 
 arrest, and, while there was a tendency on 
 the part of certain indignant students and 
 alumni to make a test of the law which, by 
 the way, was aimed at anarchists and mili- 
 tant Socialists, the Harvard authorities 
 deemed it unwise thus to force the issue. 
 So a formal request was issued by the man- 
 agement that Harvard's arterial red be not 
 borne to-day. This is said to apply, also, 
 to arm-bands and to handkerchiefs, which 
 will defeat the ancient Harvard custom of 
 the Cambridge cheering section forming a 
 red-and-white H. An attempt will be made 
 to have the law amended, so as to exempt 
 the University from its provisions, which 
 afflict Harvard so grievously at present. 
 
 The whole thing is ridiculous, absurd; 
 but the law stands, and it has to be obeyed. 
 In the meantime there appears to be no 
 objection to red carnations and American 
 beauty roses, nor even to red neckties or 
 hosiery. Just the same, the Harvard stands 
 are likely to be more sombre this afternoon 
 than is usual when big games are played in 
 the stadium. There is no ban, however, 
 upon the orange and the black, and so, 
 Princetonians, of whom there will be several 
 thousands inside the gray walls of the arena 
 on the River Charles, may be as garish as 
 they please. 
 
 Cambridge was overlaid with gold to- 
 day, not the gold of Old Nassau, but na- 
 ture's purest sunlight. It rested on old 
 buildings of the yard, flooded the streets, 
 and tipped the tiny wavelets of the Charles 
 with silver. No day better qualified for 
 football at its best ever smiled upon this 
 old university seat. On the inspiring breeze 
 was borne the odor of burnt leaves and of 
 
 wood smoke; the call of the great out of 
 doors was too potent for even the most 
 dry-as-dust professor to resist. 
 
 Every one was out early; every one was 
 talking football. Concrete point to the 
 excitement developed shortly after noon 
 when the graduates and students began to 
 assemble for their parade through the Uni- 
 versity and thence to the field. The alumni 
 representing classes as far back as the six- 
 ties, and coming down to the class of 1913, 
 met in front of University Hall, the seniors 
 in front of Weld, the juniors at Graj'S, the 
 sophomores at Matthews, and the fresh- 
 men at Massachusetts. The procession was 
 scheduled to start at one o'clock, headed 
 by a band, which was to lead the way about 
 the yard, and finally after a season of 
 cheering both for the various classes and 
 the University and the football eleven, the 
 route led out of the Johnson Gate and so to 
 the Stadium. 
 
 The Harvard team passed the night in 
 seclusion at the Brookline Country Club — 
 so, as a Harvard wag put it, they would 
 not be forced to hear even the faintest 
 echoes of the Harvard-Princeton Glee Club 
 "massacre" in Memorial Hall. The Tigers 
 rested far from the heart of turmoil, out at 
 the Woodland Park Hotel in Auburndale. 
 In the meantime, the Princeton supporters, 
 who had not the necessity of keeping strict 
 training, disported themselves in various 
 agreeable ways at the Copley Plaza, while 
 Harvard men, staying up late, were to be 
 found everywhere. 
 
 Neither team physically is in just the 
 condition that the coaches would like to 
 have it. Not that they are overtrained at 
 all, but various important cogs in either 
 machine have suffered in the remote or 
 recent past from sprains and pulled ten- 
 dons, which, while healed, may recur at the 
 most inopportune moment. For Princeton, 
 Click, Talbott and Ed. Trenkman are 
 liable in this respect, while Mahan and 
 Pennock of the Harvard eleven are in the 
 same boat. Wallace, the Harvard centre, 
 will not enter the lineup because of slow 
 recovery from a blow in the head received 
 in the game against Michigan. Thus Bige- 
 low will have to play in his place, and this is 
 
SPORTS 
 
 205 
 
 regarded as weakening the Crimson centre 
 
 to some extent. Highley and Shea will 
 start as ends for Princeton. Managers of 
 
 both elevens express themselves as de- 
 lighted with the condition of the gridiron, 
 
 and are pleased, also, with the assurances 
 of the weatherwise that by afternoon the 
 wind will be a negligible quantity. The line- 
 up follows: 
 
 HARVARD. 
 
 Player, class, and position: Age. Ht. Wt. 
 
 T. J. Coolidge, '15, 1. e 21 5 llJi 175 
 
 K. B. G. Parson, '16, 1. t 22 6 02 J^ 187 
 
 M. Weston, '15, 1. g 20 6 03}^ 194 
 
 D. J. WaUaee, '16, centre 21 5 11 174 
 
 S. B. Pennock, '15, r. g 22 5 083^ 203 
 
 W. H. Trumbull, '15, r. t 21 6 01}i 190 
 
 H. R. Hardwick, '15, r. e 22 5 11 171 
 
 M. J. Logan, '15, qb 21 5 08}^ 150 
 
 E. W. Mahan, '16, 1. hb 22 5 11 169 
 
 F. J. Brandlee, '15, r. hb 21 5 IVA 178 
 
 H. Francke, '15, fb 20 6 00% 189 
 
 SUBSTITUTES. 
 
 J. L. Bigelow, '16, t. and c 22 6 00 182 
 
 C. A. Coolidge. jr., '17, e 20 5 10^ 161 
 
 L. Curtis, '16, e 21 6 OIJ^ 175 
 
 W. Rollins, '15. hb 20 5 073^ 158 
 
 H. St. J. Smith, '15, e 23 6 01 174 
 
 E. G. Swigert, '16, qb 22 5 07 147 
 
 D. C. Watson, '16, qb 19 5 09 148 
 
 A. J. Weatherhead, '15, e 22 5 10 168 
 
 W. Whitney, '16, hb 21 5 10 157 
 
 W. Wilcox, '16, qb. and hb 19 5 08 143 
 
 F. B. Withington, '15, g 23 6 OIJ^ 184 
 
 PRINCETON. 
 
 H. M. Lamberton, '16, 1. e 21 6 00 178 
 
 W. McLean, '17, 1. t 19 5 113^ 180 
 
 W. J. Shenk, '15, 1. g 23 5 lOH 179 
 
 A. E. Gennert, '17, c 18 5 11 ISO 
 
 E. Trenkman, '15, r. g 21 5 118^4 194 
 
 H. R. Ballin, '15, r. t 20 6 01 194 
 
 H. G. Brown, '16, r. e 20 5 11 174 
 
 K. L. Ames, jr., '16, qb 20 5 10>^ 160 
 
 F. Trenkman, '15, 1. hb 23 5 08 180 
 
 F. Click, '16, r. hb 21 5 09 178 
 
 E. H. Driggs, Jr., '17, fb 19 5 11 178 
 
 SUBSTITUTES. 
 
 P. Bigler, '17, t 21 5 10 176 
 
 J. S. Baker, '15, e 20 5 10 174 
 
 M. A. Charles, '17, e 21 5 10^ 176 
 
 J. T. A. Doolittle, '15, hb 22 5 08M 159 
 
 C. A. Dickerman, '17, hb 22 5 10 169 
 
 C. C. Highley, '17, e 19 5 11 162 
 
 T. T. Hogg, '17, g 20 6 04 193 
 
 W. D. Love, '16, t 21 5 10 186 
 
 B. C. Law, '16, hb 19 5 11 163 
 
 R. Nourse, '17, c. & t 19 5 11}^ 186 
 
 E. L. Shea, '16, e 21 5 10 166 
 
 D. M. Tibbott, 17, hb 18 6 10 170 
 
 Note — The detailed story, play by play, fol- 
 lowed this under a separate head. 
 
 FOOTBALL GAME 
 
 Springfield Republican 
 Yale. Princeton. 
 
 Brann, Gould, 1 e re. Shea, Brown 
 
 Talbott, Loughridge, C. Sheldon, It . . . . r t, Ballin 
 
 Conroy, Oakes, 1 g r g, E. Trenkmann, Hogg 
 
 White, c c, Gennert, Haviland 
 
 Walden, r g 1 g, Shenk, Swart 
 
 Betts, J. Sheldon, Von Holt, r t 
 
 1 1, McLean, Love 
 
 Stillman, Carter, re 
 
 1 e, Highley, Lamberton, RayhiU, Brown 
 
 A. Wilson, Easton, q b 
 
 q b, Ames, Eberstadt, Click 
 
 Ainsworth, Cornell, 1 h b 
 
 r h b, Glick, F. Trenkmann, Boland, Law 
 
 Knowles, Scovil, rhb 
 
 1 h b, Tibbott, Dickerman 
 
 Le Gore, Guernsey, f b f b, Driggs, Moore 
 
 Score, Yale 19, Princeton 14. Touchdowns, 
 Ainsworth, Brann, Scovil, Moore, Glick. Goals 
 from touchdowns, Le Gore, Law 2. Referee, Nathan 
 Tufts of Brown. Umpire, Carl Marshall of Harvard. 
 Head linesman, J. W. Beacham of Cornell. Field 
 judge, Fred W. Burleigh of Exeter. 
 
 The Yale football team defeated Prince- 
 ton's eleven yesterday afternoon, 19 to 14, 
 in a game which, for thrilling climax, rivaled 
 modern stage craft at its best. Beaten back 
 and scored upon with apparent ease during 
 the first three periods of play, the Tigers 
 tore loose with a smashing attack in the 
 final 15 minutes of the game and fairly rid- 
 dled Eli's line. Twice the orange and black 
 swept across the blue goal fine and the 
 Princeton men were fighting desperately 
 for the third touchdown, which would have 
 given them victory, when the timer's call 
 ended Princeton's chances and Yale's ap- 
 prehensions. 
 
 No similar situation has developed in the 
 annual game between these two university 
 teams in many years, and with its thrill- 
 ing moments of spectacular play and grip- 
 ping uncertainty, the contest formed a 
 most fitting dedication of Princeton's new 
 Palmer memorial stadium. 
 
 The setting for the Tigers' dying rally of 
 the season of 1914 was as perfect as if the 
 final scenes had been planned weeks in 
 advance. Forty thousand spectators from 
 all points of the compass invaded Prince- 
 
206 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 ton, bearing the flags and emblems of the 
 rival institutions. The weather man's gift 
 to the day's contest was perfect weather 
 overhead and a turf unsurpassed for foot- 
 ball. The great gray horseshoe with its 
 innumerable tiers of seats was filled, with 
 the exception of the curve at the north end. 
 With a warm sun and an almost entire 
 absence of wind, heavy wraps were unneces- 
 sary, yet down on the green turf of the 
 gridiron shaded by the high walls of the 
 stadium the players fought out the struggle 
 to the end without suffering the inconven- 
 ience usually experienced by combatants 
 on an Indian summer day. 
 
 During three-quarters of the game there 
 was nothing to indicate the sensational 
 climax with which the Princeton team was 
 to mark its first game against Yale in its 
 new football arena. Forced to take the 
 defensive from the very beginning of play, 
 the Tigers showed little defensive strength 
 at any time, and the blue combination 
 scored in each quarter. 
 
 The contest opened with an exchange of 
 punts, intermingled with the efforts of the 
 rival quarterbacks to ascertain the strength 
 and weaknesses of their opponents. Prince- 
 ton soon found that she could make no 
 progress either through the line or around 
 the ends, and punted at every opportunity. 
 Yale opened with an assortment of stab- 
 bing line plunges and knife-like dives just 
 outside of tackle. The progress, however, 
 was not rapid, and the Elis soon fell back 
 on their mixture of forward and rugby 
 passing. The initial score came when, hav- 
 ing secured the ball well in Princeton's 
 territory, Wilson took his center's pass and, 
 after a short run along the left side of 
 Princeton's line, passed the ball back to 
 Le Gore. The powerful Yale fullback in 
 turn ran a short distance and made a 
 beautiful forward pass to Ainsworth, who 
 had rushed up-field, and the latter ran more 
 than 20 yards for a touchdown, from which 
 Le Gore failed to kick goal. 
 
 Similar tactics were pursued in the sec- 
 ond period, when Yale, with short gains 
 by line plunges and overhead passes, 
 reached a point inside the Tigers' final five- 
 yard mark. Here Princeton held firmly and 
 
 ' the blue was obliged to seek the aerial route 
 for scoring, Le Gore making a short pass 
 over the line to Brann, who touched down 
 the ball, whereupon Le Gore added an addi- 
 tional point by a goal following the punt 
 out. 
 
 Scarcely had the third period opened 
 when a 40-yard forward pass, Le Gore to 
 Brann, gave Yale the ball inside Prince- 
 ton's 20-yard mark. Six rushes, in which 
 Scovil, Wilson and Le Gore worked alter- 
 nately, put the ball across the line for 
 Yale's third and final touchdown. Le Gore 
 failed to kick the goal, and with a 19-point 
 lead Coach Hinkey of Yale began to send 
 in his substitutes. 
 
 For a few minutes the Eli second string 
 of players held the Tigers safe, but with 
 the opening of the final quarter Princeton's 
 jungle men took heart and made a savage 
 and maintained attack on Yale's substi- 
 tutes with the result that in less than 15 
 minutes they had rolled up 14 points and 
 were threatening to snatch victory from 
 the blue when time expired. 
 
 The orange and black team played like a 
 new combination after the final minute of 
 rest, opening up a rushing game which 
 swept the blues' substitutes off their feet. 
 Three, five and eight yards at a clip, 
 Princeton's juggernaut rolled up the field 
 until Moore, on a zigzag 16-yard run which 
 twice carried him through the Yale line 
 and secondary defense, went over for the 
 touchdown from which Law kicked goal. 
 Following the kick-off came an exchange of 
 punts and then the Tigers cut loose again, 
 ramming holes through the Eli forwards 
 and sweeping around the end, aided by 
 close interference until Glick plowed his 
 way through the blue combination for a 
 second touchdown and Law kicked goal. 
 
 Hinkey was by this time rushing back 
 his 'varsity players into line and back- 
 field, but the Tiger, once he tasted Yale 
 blood, was not to be frightened away. 
 With less than five minutes of playing time 
 remaining, Princeton started its rush for a 
 third touchdown. Capt Talbott urged his 
 players frantically to make a last stand, 
 and the Elis responded nobly. Princeton 
 found its gains cut down from yards to feet 
 
SPORTS 
 
 207 
 
 and resorted to forward passes, hoping to 
 gain overhead the ground denied them by 
 straight football tactics. Forward pass 
 after forward pass was flung far up the 
 field, to be grounded or blocked by the 
 blues' alert backfield until, when the timer's 
 whistle ended the struggle, Princeton was 
 holding the ball not far from midfield. 
 
 Aside from this surprising flash of offen- 
 sive strength in the last quarter, Princeton 
 was as completely outplayed by Yale as by 
 Harvard a week ago. The wide open attack 
 in which the blue backfield passed the ball 
 from player to player in runs around the 
 end and then suddenly switched to long 
 forward passes, appeared to bewilder and 
 dazzle the Tiger line and secondary defense 
 just as much as the crimson's close forma- 
 tion and concealed ball offense. 
 
 The jungle team appeared to have little 
 if any plan of campaign, pimting frequently 
 upon the first or second down with the 
 apparent idea that the ends would recover 
 the ball following a Yale fumble. In this 
 respect the Elis refused to be accommodat- 
 ing, Le Gore and Wilson handling Driggs's 
 and Law's drives cleanly and frequently 
 running the ball back from 10 to 15 yards 
 before being downed. 
 
 Princeton was outdistanced in these kick- 
 ing duels, Le Gore gaining steadily on each 
 exchange of punts with Driggs. When 
 these gains had driven the Tigers well into 
 their own territory Yale struck viciously 
 and, with a bewildering attack, quickly 
 carried the ball over for a score. From a 
 defensive standpoint the Yale first-string 
 team was never in danger from Princeton's 
 attack, and it was not until the second and 
 third-string substitutes went in that the 
 orange and black football machine could 
 make consistent progress. 
 
 The statistics of play bear out the superi- 
 ority of the Yale team. Yale gained 298 
 yards by rushing to Princeton's 145 and 
 made 15 first downs to the Tigers' 11. Yale 
 essayed seven forward passes to Prince- 
 ton's 10, gaining 69 yards to Princeton's 0. 
 Yale punted 27 times to Princeton's 40 and 
 showed an average gain of close to four 
 yards in each exchange of punts. 
 
 Penalties were numerous throughout the 
 
 fom- periods, Yale losing 80 yards in eight 
 setbacks to Princeton's 60 in seven infringe- 
 ments of the rules. Yale made three fum- 
 bles to Princeton's one, recovering one to 
 Princeton's two. Including the original 
 line-up, substitutions and re-substitutions, 
 57 players took part in the game, which is 
 in all probability a record for a contest of 
 the caliber of the Yale-Princeton match. 
 
 While in all-around team work Yale out- 
 shone Princeton, the Tigers uncovered sev- 
 eral players who from an individual stand- 
 point held their own with the Eli stars. 
 Capt Ballin was, as usual, a tower of 
 strength. E. Trenkmann also played a 
 splendid game, both these men frequently 
 penetrating the blue backfield and stopping 
 rushes or going down field under kicks on a 
 line with their ends. Gennert's passing was 
 at times ragged, but he was hurried by the 
 concerted charging of his opponents. In 
 the last quarter Dickerman and Glick 
 showed remarkable ability in line plunging 
 and end runs, frequently carrying several 
 Yale tacklers from one to three yards before 
 they were finally swept from their feet. 
 
 For Yale, Le Gore and Scovil were the 
 stars from an offensive standpoint. When 
 carrying the ball they kept their feet, fol- 
 lowing interference or finding holes in the 
 fine with remarkable skill. Le Gore also 
 figured prominently in the forward passing, 
 his long spiral heaves to Brann and Ains- 
 worth at times reaching the proportions of 
 a kick. Quarterback Wilson handled his 
 team cleverly and selected plays with 
 splendid judgment. 
 
 In the line Capt Talbott played a game 
 which proved that he has fully recovered 
 from his injiuries and will give the Harvard 
 men plenty of work next week at New 
 Haven in the closing game of the Yale and 
 Harvard schedules. 
 
 FOOTBALL GAME 
 
 Springfield Republican 
 
 Cambridge, Saturday, October 24. 
 Harvard narrowly escaped defeat to-day 
 by Penn State, which outplayed the crim- 
 son in all departments. The score ended in 
 
208 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 a tie, 13 to 13. For 46 minutes Penn State 
 drove the Harvard 'varsity substitutes 
 about the field, and scored a touchdo\\Ti 
 and a goal from the field in the first 12 min- 
 utes of play. 
 
 The visitors outrushed, outkicked and 
 outmaneuvered the crimson, but lost a 
 chance for victory through two costly 
 fumbles. In the second period, with the 
 score 10 to against it, Harvard recovered 
 a fumble on Penn State's eight-yard line. 
 On three attempts Harvard could make no 
 gain, but a score came when C. Coolidge 
 caught a forward pass across the goal line. 
 Penn State increased its lead to 13 points 
 toward the end of the game on another field 
 goal. 
 
 Two minutes before play ended, Harvard 
 recovered the ball on a fumble on the 
 visitors' 40-yard Hne. On the second play, 
 three rapidly-executed lateral passes, based 
 on the rugby game, as recently taught the 
 crimson squad by the Canadian players, 
 completely mystified Penn State. Willcox 
 ran the distance to the goal line for the 
 score. He was tackled with a yard to go, 
 but managed to fall across the line. Amid 
 a breathless silence Withington kicked goal 
 and the score was tied. 
 
 Penn State rushed 54 times for 173 yards 
 gain, while the crimson made but 95 yards 
 on 72 rushes. Penn State had six first 
 downs, while Harvard made but two. 
 
 Lamb, Penn's big tackle, booted the baU 
 on the kick-off to Francke on Harvard's 
 10-yard line. The new back came in to his 
 own 32-yard hne, where he was downed. 
 On the third play, Francke was forced to 
 kick. James caught the ball on Penn's 30- 
 yard line, returning seven yards. Here the 
 Penn State power flashed. Tobin snatched 
 two yards at right tackle, followed by 
 James, who made a quarterback run aroimd 
 the same side for 15 yards, placing the ball 
 past midfield. 
 
 Tobin then, huddled behind superb in- 
 terference, sped around Coolidge's end for 
 25 yards. After two plays had failed. Lamb 
 kicked a field goal for Penn State from the 
 32-yard line. 
 
 Tobin took Bradlee's kick-off on his own 
 13-yard line and ran it back 21 yards. 
 
 Higgins then slipped around right end for 
 five yards, and his interference so success- 
 fully smothered Soucy that the new Har- 
 vard end was carried from the field. At the 
 hospital it was found that he had pulled a 
 ligament in his right leg, which was badly 
 bruised. 
 
 It was not long after the first score that 
 the visitors carried the ball down the field 
 again. The tally came after McKinlock 
 failed to make a drop kick, the ball falling 
 into James's arms on his five-yard line. 
 After several big gains, Clark carried the 
 ball over on a delayed run around left end. 
 Lamb kicked goal. The first quarter ended 
 with the score 10 to 0, in favor of Penn 
 State. 
 
 Toward the end of the second period 
 Harvard got a chance to score. On the 
 fourth dowTi Bradlee kicked to James, who 
 was downed in his tracks on the seven-yard 
 line. Penn State tried another trick play 
 and again a fumble lost her the ball. 
 Swigert had replaced Watson at the begin- 
 ning of the quarter. He dropped back and 
 heaved the ball to C. Coolidge, who stood 
 with one foot almost on the line marking 
 the limit of the zone behind the goal line, 
 when he successfully pulled down the ball 
 for a touchdown. Bradlee failed to kick 
 goal. 
 
 About the end of the last quarter Penn 
 got another chance to score, when Tobin 
 intercepted a forward pass from Swigert. 
 Lamb booted a placement goal over from 
 the 26-yard line, making the score 13 to 6 
 for Penn. There were only six minutes to 
 play and Harvard was desperate. Willcox 
 replaced Rollins at left half and made it 
 possible for Harvard to tie the score. When 
 James fumbled the ball, R. C. Cm-tis gath- 
 ered it in and made it Harvard's ball on the 
 49-yard line. There were two minutes to 
 play. 
 
 On the first play there was a general mix- 
 up, and suddenly the ball shot out from 
 the Harvard line to Willcox, who started 
 like a shot for Penn's goal line. He dodged 
 Barron, and then went flying past three 
 more backs. The last five yards were cov- 
 ered with Kratt and Higgins hanging to 
 him, but, when the two visitors had been 
 
SPORTS 
 
 209 
 
 peeled off Willcox, the ball was found over 
 the line by several inches. Withington's 
 sure kick tied the score for Harvard with 
 one minute left to play. The line-up: — 
 
 Harvard. Penn State. 
 
 T. J. Coolidge, C. Coolidge, 1 e 
 
 r e, Thomas, Barron, Morris 
 
 R. C. Curtis, Parson, It r t. Lamb 
 
 Underwood, Withington, 1 g r g, McDonnell 
 
 Wallace, c c. Wood 
 
 Weston, r g 1 g. Miller 
 
 Bigelow, r t It, Kratt 
 
 Soucy, Weatherhead, re 1 e, Higgins 
 
 Watson, Swigert, q b q b, James 
 
 McKinlock, Whitney, Rollins, Willcox, 1 h b 
 
 r h b, Tobin 
 
 Francke, King, r h b 1 h b, Welly, Edgerton 
 
 Bradlee, McKinlock, f b f b, Clark 
 
 Score, Harvard 13, Penn State 13. Touchdowns, 
 C Coolidge, Willcox, Clark. Goals from touch- 
 downs, Withington, Lamb. Goals from field. Lamb 
 2. Referee, W. N. Morne of Penn. Umpire, Fred W. 
 Murphy of Brown. Head linesman, G .V. Brown of 
 Boston A. A. Time, So-minute halves. 
 
 ANALYSIS OF FOOTBALL GAME 
 
 New York Evening Post 
 
 (Condensed) 
 
 BY FAIR PLAY. 
 
 If there was a Yale graduate who did 
 not feel the impulse to stand in his place 
 and uncover silently to a little knot of 
 athletes in blue gathered to give their bull- 
 dog bark of victory at the close of a bitterly 
 fought struggle with Princeton in the Bowl 
 on Saturday, that graduate had lost the 
 edge of a certain fine spirit which the sons 
 of Eli are supposed to take with them out 
 into the world. From their seats the under- 
 graduates stormed on to the field, gyrating 
 in their uncontained exuberance, cheer- 
 ing, shouting, writhing in the intricacies of 
 the snake dance. And they did well, these 
 ebullient undergrads — precisely what they 
 should have done; but to the thinking Yale 
 men whose remoteness from their student 
 days has seen year piled on year, there must 
 have come deeper emotions which made, 
 shall we say, for reverence, rather than for 
 the casting off of mental, not to say physi- 
 cal, restraint. For the Yale eleven did a 
 memorable thing on Saturday. Through 
 sheer spirit, through indomitable deter- 
 
 mination, through utter willingness to give 
 the final measure of physical sacrifice, those 
 men of Yale lifted from the muck a bedrag- 
 gled, bedaubed blue banner, holding it on 
 high so that it floated and snapped proudly 
 once more, glorified by the light of victory. 
 It was fine. It meant more, that victory — 
 stood for more — than the mere winning of 
 a football game. It went deep into the roots 
 of extra-curricular endeavor and gave that 
 sanction for intercollegiate contest which 
 does not always appear. The elements that 
 won that game against a powerful, spirited 
 rival are elements that not even the most 
 dryasdust pedant, wedded to the scholastic 
 cloister, can talk down. And it is good for 
 Yale or any other university, to have these 
 developed upon the field of competitive 
 athletics as in other departments of college 
 life, essential and subsidiary. In the matter 
 of Saturday's game, this applies as much to 
 those who, filled with foreboding, assembled 
 none the less thousands upon thousands to 
 cheer and sing for Yale, as to the players. 
 
 "I don't know that we can hold Prince- 
 ton," said a Yale coach a few hours before 
 the contest. " Privately, I don't think we 
 can. But you may count upon this: not a 
 man of Yale will yield to-day until he is 
 carried from the field." 
 
 That was the spirit that won for Yale, 
 
 the spirit that won against an eleven better 
 
 equipped to play finished football, against 
 
 an outfit which gained two yards to Yale's 
 
 one, which made twelve first downs to 
 
 Yale's four. 
 
 * * * 
 
 If the Tigers had not matched the best 
 fighting qualities of Princeton spirit against 
 the best that Yale spirit stands for the 
 lustre of Yale's feat would not have been 
 so bright — would have lost much of its sig- 
 nificance. But that grim, undying quality, 
 win or lose, that Princeton partisans look 
 for and expect was not lacking in the Orange 
 and Black. The contest was fought out to 
 the end, with the enormous throng stand- 
 ing spellbound, cheers and inarticulate cries 
 muffled in their throats, watching the bal- 
 ance of victory as it inclined this way and 
 that. The contest had not the technical 
 exceUence of some big games we have 
 
210 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 seen — from this standpoint the Harvard- 
 Princeton game was superior — but in its 
 spectacular characteristics, in its sequence 
 of thrills, in its swift, shutthng changes, it 
 stood out by itself. 
 
 # * » 
 
 In Princeton Yale defeated an eleven 
 which possessed a stronger and more varied 
 attack, with a defence which could keep 
 the Blue from rushing the ball into what 
 may be termed promising touchdown terri- 
 tory. In all that the term implies the Tigers 
 had a machine which was superior to the 
 Yale machine, inasmuch as it had the power 
 not only to gain in midfield, but to cross 
 the chalk marks. The Tigers made one 
 touchdown by clean rushing and forward 
 passing, and had a break not occurred at 
 the supreme moment, her rushing prowess 
 in the last quarter would have been re- 
 warded by another touchdown. Further 
 Click's generalship was execrable upon 
 many occasions. In the first quarter Wilson 
 dropped a long booming punt from Driggs, 
 and Highlej', picking it up on the bound, 
 was tackled one stride short of getting clear 
 for a touchdown. The ball was on Yale's 
 thirty-yard line. Now, instead of going 
 outside tackle, Princeton essayed a series 
 of centre bucks with quarter and halves, 
 which every Princeton scout must have 
 told Glick could not succeed against Yale. 
 Thus the downs were exhausted. Guernsey 
 punted weakly from his twenty-yard line, 
 giving Princeton the ball on Yale's twenty- 
 seven-yard mark, where instead of going 
 off tackle or around the end Princeton tried 
 two line plunges and then threw the ball 
 away by a forward pass over the goal line, 
 the same being translated automatically 
 into a touchback for Yale. Thereafter, 
 throughout the game, Princeton turned 
 time and again to centre plunges, usually 
 unsuccessfully, whereas not many of her 
 sweeps arovmd the Yale wings failed to gain 
 materially. They say her gains in this way 
 were sporadic, but this was only because 
 the play was attempted sporadically. Nas- 
 sau's off-tackle plays and delayed passes 
 gained a great deal of ground and put Yale 
 in danger more than once; yet usually a 
 down or two were used up on centre bucks, 
 
 when Princeton should have known she 
 was wasting her strength. Where Yale was 
 vastly superior to Princeton was in follow- 
 ing the ball and in holding it. 
 * * » 
 Yale's first goal was clean and untar- 
 nished. Guernsey kicked it from the fifty- 
 three-yard line, and it was as fine an effort 
 as I have ever seen. The ball struck the 
 cross bar and toppled over. But Yale's 
 second field goal was a direct gift from 
 Princeton. Brown was sent in to relieve 
 Highley and committed the gross and in- 
 excusable error of speaking to Capt. Glick 
 before reporting to the referee. The referee 
 promptly and justly set Princeton back 
 fifteen yards to her own twenty -eight yard 
 line. After two rushes had failed to gain, 
 Yale did the obvious thing; she sent 
 Guernsey back to kick a field goal. This he 
 did. Princeton then fell to work and rushed 
 the ball downfield to the Yale goal line, 
 where the ball was held directly on the final 
 chalk-mark before it was finally pushed 
 an inch or two over; it was a splendid 
 piece of grim defence by Yale, but the 
 ball was too close. Thus the half ended. 
 The half was characterized by a piece of 
 roughness on the part of a Princeton man 
 who hurled himself upon a prostrate Yale 
 receiver of a forward pass after he had been 
 downed. Princeton was justly penalized 
 for undue roughness, as she was in the last 
 period when a Princetonian roughed a Yale 
 player in a play which ended out of bounds. 
 Such incidents leave a bad taste in the 
 mouth. It was done in the heat of a hot 
 game, and no injury resulted because of no 
 real design to injure, but that is no excuse. 
 » * * 
 The second half assumed a blue tinge 
 almost immediately when Tibbott dropped 
 a long spiral from Guernsey and Way 
 picked up the ball and ran for a touchdown. 
 The remainder of the third period was char- 
 acterized by one or two well-worked for- 
 ward passes and some goodly gains off 
 tackle by Princeton, with Yale on the de- 
 fensive satisfied as matters stood. The 
 fourth period saw Princeton hungry for a 
 score, playing like all-possessed, with Yale 
 conducting herself cautiously, and always 
 
SPORTS 
 
 211 
 
 seeking to get Guernsey in a position to 
 drop a field goal. But the Elis — who were 
 not able to make a first down in this half — 
 would not have got sufficiently near to 
 Princeton's goal to try a kick for score had 
 not Dickerman dropped a Yale punt on his 
 eighteen-yard line, Yale recovering. The 
 Blue could not gain, but profited by Dick- 
 erman's fumble to the extent of giving 
 Guernsey a chance for a dropkick. He made 
 the goal cleanly, but it did not count be- 
 cause of holding on the part of Yale; the 
 holding may or may not have affected the 
 success of the kick, but rules are rules, and 
 the holding was obvious even to some of the 
 spectators. A few minutes later Princeton, 
 with Moore in the lineup, took advantage 
 of a weak punt against the wind by Guern- 
 sey and unleashed an irresistible attack, 
 which started from Yale's thirty-two-yard 
 line. End-runs and off-tackle plays, with a 
 forward pass to spread Yale's defence, took 
 the ball to Eli's seven-yard line. Here was 
 what the Princeton adherents had been 
 looking for; the multitude of sixty-odd 
 thousand became so quiet that the quarter- 
 back's signals echoed and reechoed through- 
 out the immense amphitheatre. An assault 
 at the line was killed for a loss. Then, with 
 the Yale defence packed closely to the left, 
 Glick took the ball and gave it to Dicker- 
 man. The Yale defence dashed straight in. 
 The fleet-footed Moore, sprinting to the 
 right, was completely clear. Dickerman 
 threw the ball to him laterally. It was not 
 a perfect throw, but it was within reach of 
 the fast-running Moore, who, with a clean 
 catch, could have walked over the goal- 
 line. But it glanced from his fingers. He 
 still had time to pick it up on the bound and 
 score; the oval hit his knee and bounded 
 over the side-line, in touch. Right there 
 waned and flickered Princeton's last hope, 
 a hope valiantly essayed, a hope which died 
 at the moment when it was being translated 
 into a flaming reality. The contest ended a 
 few minutes later. In justice to Moore it 
 may be said that Dickerman's toss might 
 have been better done. It came too swift, 
 too much in a line, still, the throw might 
 have been spoiled had it gone too slowly. 
 
 Where Yale shone, wherein she has hope 
 to make trouble for Harvard, is in her 
 punting and drop-kicking, her down field 
 ability and sharp tackling of her team ; the 
 close, unerring following of the ball and the 
 splendid spirit of the players individually, 
 and as a whole. Her wing defence and de- 
 fence off tackle must improve between now 
 and next Saturday, probably will. Her 
 forward-passing game is not dangerous, 
 and she launches a driving attack from her 
 Minnesota shift formation better qualified 
 for midfield gains than for gains inside her 
 opponent's thirty-five-yard line. Perhaps 
 she can work up her off-tackle slashes so 
 that they will carry farther than they did 
 against Princeton, but if she can repeatedly 
 get Guernsey anywhere from Harvard's 
 forty-yard line on she may not need touch- 
 downs in order to win. For Guernsey is a 
 toe artist of real stature. As to the Yale 
 players individually it is impossible to 
 speak, because not being numbered, the 
 various men were identified only by word 
 of mouth and word of mouth is usually in- 
 accurate and misleading. Guernsey, of 
 course, was recognized because he did the 
 punting, and Way was known because he 
 was prominent as a baseball pitcher and, 
 besides, wore no head guard. But as to the 
 exact identity of most of the rest I have no 
 notion upon which I may rely. One of the 
 Yale halfbacks played a slashing game 
 offensively, and the entire backfield shone 
 in returning punts and kickoffs. The three 
 centre men were impregnable, but the 
 tackles and ends worked inconsistently on 
 off -tackle plays and end runs. Harvard 
 may take some unction in the fact that 
 Yale can still be fooled by an elusive attack. 
 Yale's basket formation for forward-pass 
 defence, four men back, was well conceived 
 — it was patterned after the Harvard de- 
 fence — but her normal defensive arrange- 
 ment of backs, three abreast, twelve yards 
 back, is open to grave criticism. She got 
 her shift into action in good style, and the 
 backs started quickly. She lacks long-gain 
 plays. 
 
 4: 4: * 
 
 John Rush has not the slightest cause for 
 being disheartened over the results of his 
 
212 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 first season's work. He gave to Princeton 
 the first offensive team she has had since 
 1899, a team which made a splendid repu- 
 tation up to her big games, both of which, 
 as a matter of fact, might have been won 
 under different circumstances. Rush con- 
 structed an engine, a strong, impressive 
 engine, several parts of which snapped 
 under high tension in the course of the two 
 supreme tests. In no way can Rush be 
 charged with the loss of either game. In 
 both, failures came through manual errors 
 on the part of individuals, and these no 
 coach can prevent. Vide Haughton and the 
 Harvard-Cornell game. Princeton in Rush 
 has a rare jewel, who has made good con- 
 vincingly. 
 
 BASEBALL GAME 
 
 Boston Post 
 
 NEW YORK, Aug. 22.— New York 
 made it two straight over Chicago today, 
 winning the second game of the series by a 
 score of 8 to 1. Cheney was wild and in- 
 effective in the third inning, when the cham- 
 pions took a winning lead by scoring three 
 runs. Vaughn, a former member of the 
 New York Americans, who is trying to 
 come back with Chicago, was not hard hit, 
 but the champions bunched their three hits 
 with liis two passes for four runs. 
 
 Tesreau, the New York pitcher, was very 
 wild, but the Chicago batsmen could not 
 hit him with men on bases. Zimmerman 
 fouled out twice with the bases full. Chi- 
 cago filled the bases in the first inning with 
 none out, on Leach's triple and passes to 
 Evers and Schulte. Only one run was 
 scored, however, Saier's infield out putting 
 over the tally. New York tied the score in 
 the second on Merkle's single and steal, 
 Snodgrass' infield out and McLean's single. 
 Three runs followed when Cheney hit two 
 men, issued a pass and was hit for a single 
 and a double. 
 
 Herzog made two doubles and a single in 
 four times up, and was responsible for five 
 of the New York runs, driving in two and 
 scoring three. Archer, the Chicago catcher, 
 had a bad day. Five bases were stolen on 
 
 him, and he had two passed balls, one of 
 which let in a run. 
 The score: 
 
 NEW YORK. AB. R. BH. TB. PO. A. E. 
 
 Burns, If 3 1 1 
 
 Shafer, 2b 2 1 1 5 
 
 Fletcher, ss 2 2 3 
 
 Herzog, 3b 4 3 3 5 2 00 
 
 Merkle, lb 4 1 2 2 10 
 
 Murray, rf 4 1 1 3 
 
 Snodgrass, cf 3 4 
 
 McLean, c 4 1 1 6 
 
 Tesreau, p 4 3 
 
 Totals 30 
 
 7 9 27 11 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 
 AB. R. BH. TB. PO. A. E. 
 
 Leach, cf 4 1 1 3 
 
 Evers, 2b 2 
 
 Schulte, rf 3 1 1 
 
 Zimmerman, 3b 4 1 1 
 
 Saier, lb 3 1 1 
 
 Williams, If 4 
 
 Bridwell, ss 3 
 
 Archer, c 4 1 1 
 
 Cheney, p 1 
 
 aStewart 1 
 
 Vaughn, p 1 
 
 fcGood 1 
 
 Totals 31 1 5 7 24 12 1 
 
 aBatted for Cheney in the fifth. 
 
 feBatted for Vaughn in the ninth. 
 
 New York 1301030—8 
 
 Chicago 1 0—1 
 
 Two-base hits — Herzog 2. Three-base hit — Leach. 
 Stolen bases — Burns, Merkle 2, Murray, Herzog. 
 Double play — Fletcher to Shafer to Merkle. First 
 base on balls — Off Tesreau 6, o5 Cheney 3, off 
 Vaughn 2. Hit by pitcher — Fletcher, Snodgrass (by 
 Cheney). Passed balls — Archer 2. Hits — Off Cheney 
 4 in 4 innings, off Vaughn 3 in 4 innings. Time — Ih. 
 60m. Umpires — Rigler and Byron. 
 
 BASEBALL GAME 
 
 Boston Globe 
 
 BY T. H. MURNANE. 
 
 The fourth game of the important series 
 with the Detroit Tigers at Fenway Park 
 was a clean-cut victory for the Boston 
 team by a score of 2 to 1 . 
 
 It was a great pitchers' battle between 
 Coveleskie, the left-hander, and Ernie 
 Shore, and the Boston man won out by 
 outstaying the Tiger pitcher. 
 
 It was the second time that Coveleskie 
 has worked in the series here, while Boston 
 
SPORTS 
 
 213 
 
 presented Shore for the first time, although 
 he proved by far the strongest boxman the 
 club had to tame the Tigers with. 
 
 The visitors started off in a savage man- 
 ner on the Boston pitcher, scoring their 
 only run on three singles in succession. 
 After that Shore seemed to find himself, 
 and with the assistance of some clever 
 throwing to second by Forrest Cady and 
 grand ground-covering by the Boston out- 
 field, as well as smooth work around the in- 
 field, Shore prevented the Tigers from 
 making the rounds of the bases after the 
 first inning. 
 
 The Boston run that tied the score in 
 the second was a gift by Owen Bush, who 
 made a wild throw to first on Barry's 
 grounder, and the winning run was scored 
 in the seventh inning on a single by Lewis 
 and a double by Barry, Crawford allowing 
 the ball to pass him while making a great 
 try for a low drive. 
 
 The intense rivalry between the two 
 teams, although subdued, was visible in 
 many ways; and yet the game went off 
 smoothly, as most games do when umpired 
 by Billy Evans, and the large crowd was 
 delighted with its afternoon's outing. 
 
 It was Rockland Day at Fenway Park 
 and fully 1000 fans were present from that 
 energetic town. Before the game they 
 marched around the field to the music of a 
 band; then they were ushered into the right 
 wing of the grandstand, where they had a 
 delightful afternoon, rooting for the Red 
 Sox and punctuating their applause with 
 the bass drum. 
 
 As Rockland is a town where President 
 Lannin spent many of his boyhood days, 
 he was especially delighted to see such a 
 splendid gathering. A beautiful gold watch 
 and chain were presented to the Red Sox 
 president. 
 
 There was also a large delegation of 
 Boston waiters present as President Lan- 
 nin's guests, and still another large delega- 
 tion will be out today. As the waiters could 
 not all leave business at once, they split up 
 their calls between two games. 
 
 The attendance given out, 11,315, did 
 
 not include the fans from Rockland or the 
 waiters from Boston. 
 
 The day was dark and cloudy, and before 
 three innings were over a light sprinkUng 
 of rain caused the fans in the bleachers to 
 make for the covered pavilions, where they 
 were allowed to go. There was quite a 
 heavy sprinkle again in the fifth inning, 
 but the game went on, with a strong, cold 
 wind blowing across the field. 
 
 So intensely interesting was the game 
 that the fans sat as if glued to their seats 
 until the last man went out, when a good, 
 stiff shout went up for the Speed Boys, and 
 the Tigers walked off the field sore to the 
 quick and in the worst kind of humor for 
 fan talk. 
 
 With one out in the first inning. Bush 
 singled. Cobb hit safely to center on the 
 first ball. Crawford singled over second, 
 scoring Bush. Veach was thrown out at 
 first, and Burns was disposed of by Janvrin, 
 Boston getting out of a very bad corner. 
 The Red Sox went out in order on three 
 weak infield flies. 
 
 In the second Young was safe at first on 
 a wild throw by Cady. Baker hit to Janvrin, 
 who refused to toss the ball to Barry, but 
 instead ran to second, touched the bag and 
 threw wild to first. No damage was done, 
 however, as Coveleskie flied to left and Vitt 
 was thrown out at first. 
 
 Gainor was hit by a pitched ball and 
 sacrificed to second by Lems. Gardner 
 struck out. Barry hit a ball to short that 
 Bush took well back of the line and threw 
 short to first, the ball bounding over Burns' 
 shoulder and allowing Gainor to score the 
 tying run. 
 
 Bush opened the third with a single. 
 Cobb smashed a liner to center that 
 Speaker made a great catch of. Then 
 Crawford and Veach sent high flies to the 
 outfield. Boston could make no headway 
 against the Tiger pitcher. 
 
 In the fourth inning both teams went 
 out in order. Gainor, having reached first, 
 was doubled up on Lewis' grounder to the 
 pitcher. 
 
 In the fifth, with two down, Bush was 
 
214 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 given a base hit when Janvrin failed to 
 get a ball that came to him on a merry 
 bound. Cobb got in a scratch single, and 
 with big Sam Crawford up it was a trying 
 moment until he sent a long fly that 
 Speaker pulled down. 
 
 With two down in this inning, Cady 
 dropped one in right field for two bases, 
 to see Shore thrown out at first. 
 
 The Tigers went out in order in the sixth. 
 Young, drawing a pass, was nailed when he 
 tried for second, as Cady was in fine throw- 
 ing form. Janvrin was hit by a pitched ball, 
 but never left first. 
 
 With two down in the seventh, Vitt 
 singled and tried for second, but again 
 Cady's throw was perfect. 
 
 Lewis led off with a single to center. 
 Gardner was patient and got Coveleskie 
 in for three balls. Then came two strikes 
 and Larry was forced to hit. Young hand- 
 ling his fast grounder in fine style. Barry 
 hit a low finer to right that Crawford made 
 a great try for, the ball hitting the ground 
 and rolhng past him, Lewis scoring what 
 proved to be the winning run. 
 
 It was now up to the Red Sox to hold 
 their advantage and keep the Tigers from 
 scoring. Bush, a hard man to get, was 
 called out on strikes. Shore displaying re- 
 markably clever form at this stage of the 
 game. Cobb was forced to hit, as Shore 
 was putting the ball over the center of the 
 pen. Ty missed twice and then hit a sharp 
 groimder that Janvrin played to first. 
 Crawford sent one to Hooper and things 
 brightened for the home team. 
 
 In the ninth Veach smashed a Une fly to 
 right that Hooper timed to a nicety while 
 playing very deep and pulled down after a 
 sharp run. Burns smashed the first ball to 
 the bank in left center for two bases, and 
 the Tigers got busy on the coaching fines 
 and in the dugout, cheering hke wild men 
 for a hit. 
 
 Kavanagh was sent in to bat for Young, 
 and drew a pass, as Shore would not take a 
 chance to groove a ball for this slugger. 
 McKee went to bat for Baker and was 
 thrown out by Shore. 
 
 With men at third and second, where a 
 hit would more than fikely win the game 
 for the Tigers, Dubuc was sent in to bat for 
 Coveleskie, with two down, and he smashed 
 away at the first ball dished up, driving the 
 leather to left center, where Speaker pulled 
 it down after a sharp run, and the game 
 was over. 
 
 The best fielding features were furnished 
 by Bush, who displayed remarkable ability 
 in covering ground, really making hard 
 plays easy by his phenomenally quick 
 starts. Hooper and Speaker, as well as 
 Barry and Cady, did some sharp fielding 
 for the Red Sox. 
 
 But to Shore belongs about 75 per cent 
 of the glory for winning the game, for after 
 the first inning he settled down and was 
 steady as well as effective. He was given 
 what belonged to him by Umpire Evans, 
 and was not forced to suffer as the other 
 Boston pitchers were, with Mr. Chill be- 
 hind the plate. The score: 
 
 • BOSTON AB R BH TB PO A E 
 
 Hooper rf 4 2 
 
 Janvrin ss 3 1 1 2 3 
 
 Speaker cf 4 4 
 
 Gainer lb 2 1 11 
 
 Lewis If 3 1 1 1 2 
 
 Gardner 3b 3 1 
 
 Barry 2b 3 1 2 2 4 
 
 Cady c 3 1 2 4 2 1 
 
 Shore p 3 2 
 
 Totals 28 2 4 6 27 12 1 
 
 DETROIT 
 
 Vitt 3b 4 1 1 1 
 
 Bush S3 4 1 3 3 2 3 1 
 
 Cobb cf 4 2 2 1 
 
 Crawford rf 4 1 1 
 
 Veach If 4 1 
 
 Burns lb 4 1 2 11 
 
 Young 2b 2 3 4 
 
 Baker c 3 5 
 
 Coveleskie p 3 4 
 
 *Kavanagh 
 
 tMcKee 1 
 
 tDubue 1 
 
 Totals 34 1 8 9 24 11 1 
 
 *Batted for Young in ninth. fBatted for Baker 
 
 in ninth. JBatted for Coveleskie in ninth. 
 
 Innings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 
 
 Boston 1000010 —2 
 
 Detroit 1 0—1 
 
 Earned runs, Detroit, Boston. Two-base hits, 
 
 Cady, Burns, Barry. Sacrifice hit, Lewis. Base on 
 
SPORTS 
 
 215 
 
 balls, by Shore 2, by Coveleskie. First base on 
 errors, Boston, Detroit. Left on bases, Boston 5, 
 Detroit 7. Struck out, by Shore 4, by Coveleskie 3. 
 Double play, Coveleskie, Young and Burns. Hit by 
 pitched ball, by Coveleskie, Janvrin, Gainer. Time, 
 Ih 52m. Umpires, Evans and Chill. 
 
 BASEBALL GAME 
 
 New York Times 
 
 Look; there he goes!! 
 
 Ty Cobb is loose again on a base gallop- 
 ing spree. He romps to first on a single. 
 Slim Caldwell pitches to Nunamaker, and 
 the ball nestles in his big mitt. Cobb, a few 
 feet off first, suddenly bolts into action and 
 races to second. Nunamaker, amazed at 
 the Georgian's daring, stands dumfounded. 
 
 He throws the ball to Dan Boone just 
 as the Southern Flyer jumps into second 
 base. The steel spikes flash in the waning 
 sun and Cobb is lost in a cloud of dust. 
 Nunamaker's nervous toss rolls into centre 
 field and the Georgia Gem bounds to his 
 feet and tears to third. He's as safe as the 
 Bank of England. Cobb's sarcastic smile 
 angers his hoodwinked opponents. 
 
 Now the speed-crazed comet dashes up 
 and down the third-base Une, trying to 
 rattle Caldwell. Will Cobb have the nerve 
 to try to steal home? You said it; he will. 
 Caldwell doesn't think so. No one thinks 
 so, but Cobb. The Yanks' lanky pitcher 
 hurls the ball at the batsman like a rifle 
 ball. As the ball left his hand Cobb bounded 
 over the ground hke a startled deer. 
 
 At the plate crouched Nunamaker. He 
 was so surprised that he didn't know his 
 own name. Cobb dashed through the air 
 toward the scoring pan. His lithe body 
 swerved away from Nunamaker's reach 
 and clouds of dirt kicked up by his spikes 
 blinded the eyes of Nunamaker, Caldwell, 
 and Silk O'Loughhn. 
 
 The umpire ruled that the catcher didn't 
 touch Cobb. He also ruled that Cobb 
 hadn't touched the plate. While the 
 Yankee players were protesting Cobb 
 sneaked around the bunch and touched the 
 plate. 
 
 A smart young feller, this same Cobb. 
 
 The bold piracy of Captain Kidd was 
 Uke taking ice-cream cones from children 
 compared with that. Caldwell threw his 
 glove high in the air in derision at O'Lough- 
 hn's decision. Naturally Caldwell and 
 Nunamaker were in a very disturbed state 
 of mind. 
 
 So is a man when a "dip" relieves him 
 of his watch-chain and wallet. Cobb pulled 
 the wool over their ej-es hke a "sharper" 
 unloading mining stock on a Rube. Cald- 
 well was put out of the game for being mad 
 because Cobb had outwitted him. 
 
 Aside from this outburst of daring the 
 Southern Flyer also contributed all the 
 other means whereby the Detroits were 
 able to shut out the Yankees at the Polo 
 Grounds yesterday by a score of 3 to 0. 
 Oscar Vitt had teased a pass from Caldwell 
 in the first inning. Cobb strutted chestily 
 to the bat. From the coaching lines pearls 
 of oratorical wisdom began to drop from 
 Hughie Jennings's chiseled lips. 
 
 It sounded hke this: "Come on you, Ty 
 boy, attababy. Only one out, O, Ty. 
 Bring 'em in; you kin do it. Old pepperino, 
 Ty boy. Attaway to hit a baseball. E-E- 
 E-Eh Yah, here we go." 
 
 Cobb gracefully swung on the ball. With 
 a resounding crash it started on its dizzy 
 flight between right and centre fields. The 
 Georgia racer gathered speed as he went 
 along. Bounding over the ground like a 
 phantom, he turned first, flashed past sec- 
 ond, and pulled up smiling at third, with 
 Vitt already over the pan. Cobb's batting 
 .400. Going up? 
 
 Then came old Sam Crawford, Cobb's 
 partner in the pitcher-wrecking business. 
 Sam would never leave his friend Cobb 
 stranded like a wooden Indian on the bases, 
 not if he could help it. Crawford reasoned 
 this way. He figured that if he didn't pro- 
 pel TjTus home, Cobb would steal home, 
 anyway, and cause the Yankees a lot of 
 embarrassment. So Wahoo Sam cracked 
 out a single and ,Cobb walked home. The 
 score: 
 
2l6 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 DETROIT. 
 
 
 AB 
 
 R 
 
 H PO 
 
 A 
 
 Bush, S3... 4 
 
 
 
 1 4 
 
 4 
 
 Vitt, 3b...3 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 Cobb, cf..4 
 
 2 
 
 2 1 
 
 
 
 C'ford, rf..4 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 Veach, lf..4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Kav'h, lb. 4 
 
 
 
 1 13 
 
 1 
 
 Young, 2b.3 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 McKee, c . 2 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Dubuc, p.. 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total.. 31 
 
 3 
 
 5 27 
 
 15 
 
 NEW 
 AB 
 M'sel, 3b. 4 
 P'p'gb, SS.4 
 Cree, cf. .4 
 Pipp, lb.. 3 
 Cook, rf..3 
 H'tz'l, If.. 3 
 Boone, 2b. 4 
 Sw'ney, c.3 
 High....O 
 N'm'ker.c.O 
 C'well, p.. 3 
 Pieh, p.. .0 
 
 YORK. 
 
 R HPO A 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Total. 31 4 27 9 
 *Ran for Sweeney in seventh inning. 
 Errors — Vitt, Nunamaker. 
 
 Detroit 2 1—3 
 
 New York 0—0 
 
 Two-base hit — Maisel. Three-base hit — Cobb. 
 Stolen bases — Cook, Cobb (2.) Earned runs — De- 
 troit, 2. Sacrifice hit — McKee. Left on bases — 
 New York, 7; Detroit, 4. First base on error — New 
 York. Bases on balls— Off Caldwell, 2; off Dubuc, 2. 
 Hits— OS Caldwell, 4 in 8 2-3 innings; off Pieh, 1 in 
 1-3 inning. Hit by pitcher — By Dubuc, (Cook.) 
 Struck out— By Caldwell, 5; by Dubuc, 2. Time of 
 game — One hour and fifty-five minutes. Umpires — 
 Messrs. O'Loughlin and Hildebrand. 
 
 COLLEGE CREW PROSPECTS 
 
 New York Times 
 
 After a long rest, candidates for the 
 Columbia 'Varsity crew will be called out 
 next week to start the long training for the 
 Spring races and for the intercollegiate 
 regatta on the Hudson in June. Jim Rice, 
 coach of the Blue and Wliite navy, will 
 order the men to the rowing machines on 
 the opening day of college following the 
 Christmas recess, for practice until the end 
 of the examinations following the first term. 
 Daily work on the machines will then be 
 ordered, and the crew men will not have 
 any further let-up in their training. 
 
 Rice is confronted with a difficult task 
 this season in finding the material to build 
 up a winning crew to match the eight which 
 swept the Hudson last June and won the 
 intercollegiate championship of America. 
 Only three men of this crew have returned 
 to college. A new stroke must be developed, 
 and practically an entirely new eight built 
 up, from the junior squad of last season. 
 
 Those who have seen Coach Rice whip 
 together crews will not, however, be dis- 
 couraged at this time. In years past Coach 
 Rice has started out the season with an 
 untrained and comparatively small squad 
 of oarsmen and has startled college circles 
 with a wonderful eight, ready by the time 
 the Spring races rolled around. It is fair to 
 assume that a similar feat will be performed 
 this year. 
 
 An example of Coach Rice's ability in 
 this respect was furnished last season in 
 the building up of a junior 'Varsity eight. 
 With the exception of Robinson, the oars- 
 men from the two freshmen eights of 1915 
 and 1916, both of wliich finished last in 
 the freshmen races at Poughkeepsie, were 
 whipped into shape as the junior eight and 
 finished second against all the other col- 
 leges in the intercollegiate regatta. 
 
 It is on these eight men, with the three 
 men left over from the 'Varsity eight and 
 a couple of freshmen of last season, that 
 Coach Rice -mil have to depend for this 
 year's 'Varsity eight. The most telling 
 loss this season is the graduation of C. F. 
 McCarthy, who stroked the winning eight, 
 and Capt. Irving Hadsell, who rowed at 
 No. 7, two of the best and gamest oarsmen 
 who ever sat in a Columbia shell. Steddi- 
 ford Pitt is another splendid blade who is 
 lost to the crew this year, and the strength 
 and fight found in Rothwell are hard to 
 spare. 
 
 The three men who must serve as the 
 nucleus for this year's eight are Bratton, 
 who rowed at No. 6; Sanborn, who rowed 
 at No. 4, and Naumer, who rowed at bow. 
 Bratton was one of the strongest men in the 
 eight, weighing 180 pounds, and there is no 
 question but that Coach Rice will place him 
 back in the waist of the shell this season. 
 Naumer is a good oarsman, and obtained 
 his seat at bow last season purely on his 
 merits, as evidenced after a long tryout 
 against Cronenberg for the position. It is 
 highly probable that Naumer will be moved 
 further down in the boat this j'ear, and that 
 Cronenberg will get his place at bow. 
 
 Much speculation centres about the se- 
 lection of stroke of the eight. Ex-Capt. 
 "Irv." Hadsell predicts that Frank 
 
SPORTS 
 
 217 
 
 McCarthy will find a way to get back in his 
 old position this Spring, but positive deni- 
 als by McCarthy seem to indicate other- 
 wise. The two logical men for the position 
 as pacemaker of the eight are Myers, who 
 stroked the junior boat last season, and 
 Sanborn, who stroked the 1915 freshmen 
 crew, rowed at No. 2 in the 'Varsity four of 
 1913, and held down the place at No. 4 in 
 the 'Varsity of 1914. 
 
 The student body is faced with the task 
 of raising $2,700 to take care of the crew 
 debt contracted in 1913-14. A few of the 
 alumni have been supporting the crew with 
 large donations, and at present they hold 
 notes for the above amount. Recently, 
 however, an appeal was sent out to the 
 undergraduates to help bear the burden, 
 and their response has been quick and 
 loyal. 
 
 The Greek letter fraternities at Colum- 
 bia have come forward with $500, and the 
 undergraduates prior to leaving for the 
 holidays pledged an equal amount. Fm-- 
 ther efforts will be made when the students 
 return, and it is confidently expected about 
 the campus that a good share of the indebt- 
 edness will be paid off within a few months. 
 
 COLLEGE ROWING REGATTA 
 
 Christian Science Monitor 
 HARVARD-YALE WINNERS FOR 1915 
 
 FIBST VAESITY EIGHTS 
 
 Yale 20m. 52s. 
 
 SECOND VARSITY EIGHTS 
 
 Yale 10m. 40s. 
 
 FBESHMAN EIGHTS 
 
 Yale *8m. 6s. 
 
 FRESHMAN FOURS 
 
 Harvard 6m. 2I3. 
 
 GRADUATE EIGHTS 
 Harvard 3m.53^s. 
 
 *MiIe and a half by agreement. 
 
 NEW LONDON, Conn.— By making a 
 clean sweep of the three major events of 
 their annual regatta with Harvard on the 
 Thames river Friday, Yale is today cham- 
 
 pion over Harvard in rowing, and, with pre- 
 vious victories over Cornell, Pennsylvania 
 and Princeton, will be generally regarded 
 as intercollegiate -rowing champions of the 
 United States for 1915. 
 
 That Yale deserves the victories which 
 she won over the Crimson Friday is cer- 
 tain. The Eli varsity captured one of the 
 biggest victories over the Harvard varsity 
 when she won by about five lengths in the 
 record time of 20m. 52s., that the Blue has 
 registered against the Crimson in many 
 years. The race was rowed upstream, 
 which makes the time a new record, and it 
 is stated by those who have followed rowing 
 on the Thames for many years, that had 
 the race been rowed down stream Yale 
 would probably have broken the record of 
 20m. 10s. for the course. It is also interest- 
 ing to note that the Harvard varsity was 
 inside of the old record for the upstream 
 course. 
 
 Yale owes her victory to the coaching of 
 Guy Nickalls, the famous English college 
 oarsman. It was the second year that Nick- 
 alls had coached the Yale varsity and both 
 years he has turned out crews which have 
 defeated the Crimson. 
 
 Yale took the lead at the very start of 
 the varsity race and was never caught by 
 Harvard. Rowing a lower stroke almost 
 the entire distance, Yale kept drawing 
 away from the Crimson oarsmen and, de- 
 spite the fact that Stroke Lund succeeded 
 in getting his crew to raise the stroke to as 
 high as 34 beats to the minute over the last 
 part of the race, Yale, rowing a much lower 
 and easier stroke, was able to increase its 
 lead. 
 
 While the Harvard crew appeared to be a 
 smoother rowing eight than Yale's it did 
 not move through the water nearly as well. 
 There was a perceptible drag to the Har- 
 vard varsity between strokes, while the 
 Yale eight went evenly and showed very 
 Httle if any slowing up between the strokes. 
 At all times the Harvard crew appeared to 
 be better together, but it did not make as 
 good use of the slides as the Yale eight. 
 The rigging did not appear to fit the Har- 
 vard oarsmen to the best advantage. 
 
 Yale won the freshman race by about a 
 
2l8 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 length and a half. This race was a very un- 
 satisfactory one. The event was to have 
 been rowed in the morning, but was post- 
 poned vmtil after the varsity race. It did 
 not start until about 7 : 30 in the evening. 
 After the race had been under way a few 
 minutes the Harvard stroke caught a crab 
 and the crews were stopped. It was then 
 agreed to start again and row a mile and a 
 half instead of the customary two miles. 
 Yale finally won this race although the 
 Crimson oarsmen made the contest much 
 closer than the varsity race. Yale's time 
 was 8m. 6s. and Harvard 8m. 10s. 
 
 The race for second varsity eights was 
 the hardest fought of the day and the Yale 
 victory in 19m. 40s. opened a very success- 
 ful day for Yale. The official times of the 
 varsity and freshman races by half miles 
 follow: 
 
 VAESITY 
 
 Yale Harvard 
 
 H mile 2:05 2:08i^ 
 
 1 mile 4:40 4:45 
 
 IH niiles 7:27}^ 7:34 
 
 2 miles 10:05 10:14 
 
 2}i miles 12:391^ 12:52 
 
 3 miles 15:27 15:39 
 
 Zy2 miles 18:22 18:40 
 
 4 miles 20:52 21:13>^ 
 
 FSESHMEN 
 
 Half mile 2:22 2:23^ 
 
 Mile 5:20 5:22 
 
 Mile and a half 8:06 8:10 
 
 TENNIS MATCH 
 Kansas City Star 
 
 Plajnng masterful tennis and repeatedly 
 downing every attempted rally made by his 
 opponent, Clifford J. Lockhorn yesterday 
 defeated Jack Cannon, the Kansas City 
 champion, in the finals match in the invi- 
 tation tennis tournament staged on the 
 K. C. A. C. courts. Lockhorn's winning 
 count was 6-2, 6-4, 6-2, and, after the finish 
 of the first set, at no time did it appear that 
 the local crack had a chance to defeat the 
 Cincinnati expert. 
 
 Let it be said in Cannon's defense that 
 he did not play his best game, the game 
 that do'wned Roland Hoerr in the Missouri 
 Valley tournament last year, and the game 
 
 that made him run Joseph Armstrong a 
 hard race for the final title in that classic. 
 The courts yesterday were heavj', sogged 
 by the recent rains, and Cannon looks best 
 on a fast, light ground. And, knowing be- 
 fore he started the first set the handicap he 
 was working under, the Kansas City star 
 appeared a trifle nervous before play had 
 been running long. 
 
 But Lockhorn's work was marvelous! 
 The crowded stand which witnessed every 
 moment of the day's play was applauding 
 his every move as he finished up the last set. 
 His head work was perfect, and his strokes 
 sure. An easy side-arm shot, apparently 
 simple for his opponent to fathom, gained 
 him point after point in Cannon's back 
 court. His direction was always good, and 
 clever placements followed successively in 
 such lightning-like order that Cannon was 
 kept running about the court most of the 
 time. And when the new player showed 
 that wonderful assurance, verging almost on 
 carelessness, which characterized his every 
 move, the crowd was with him. They 
 couldn't help but be. 
 
 Cannon opened up the first set well, tak- 
 ing the first game handily on his outi serve, 
 after Lockhorn had raced it up to deuce 
 twice. The next three went to Lockhorn 
 in rapid succession, the "dark horse" show- 
 ing Sphinx-Uke steadiness on his own serve, 
 and passing Cannon repeatedly at the net 
 when the local player's second shot on his 
 own serve would be too easily placed. With 
 the score 3-1 against him. Cannon braced, 
 and took the fifth game, game-thirty, but 
 the spurt was short lived and once again 
 Lockhorn started his old sure, steady, 
 thoughtful play, running out the next 
 three games, and winning the set, 6-2, in 
 clever fashion. 
 
 The second set was perhaps Cannon's 
 best one. He seemed to have lost a trifle of 
 the wildness that had marked his opening 
 play, and repeatedly drew applause from 
 the gallery for his brilliant returns of Lock- 
 horn's back-line placements. The first six 
 games were divided, three and three. Then 
 Lockhorn took "seven" and "eight," rais- 
 ing the score to 5-3 in his favor. Cannon 
 took the ninth game, game-fifteen, on his 
 
SPORTS 
 
 219 
 
 own serve, but Lockhorn, with the possi- 
 bility of a deuce set facing him, allowed 
 Cannon just one point in the last game, and 
 the second set ended 6-4, "all his way." 
 
 The third and deciding set started out 
 like a walk-away for the Cincinnati player. 
 Cannon, scenting defeat in the air, grew 
 over anxious and wild. His own service 
 was frequently off in its direction, and he 
 often smashed Lockhorn's serve into the net 
 or the fence, without opening up a chance 
 for a volley at which he generally is so suc- 
 cessful. Lockhorn quickly took five of the 
 first six games in this set. The seventh he 
 dropped, after he had had match point on 
 Cannon once. But he rallied on his own 
 service in the eighth game, and, though it 
 went to deuce, he shot two clever drives 
 down Cannon's sidelines for the last two 
 points of the set, which gave him the 
 match, 6-2, 6-4, 6-2. 
 
 Lockhorn, the most feared player in 
 Kansas City because of his untouted vic- 
 tory over Cannon yesterday, is a clever 
 player to watch on the courts. He never 
 gets excited, and seems almost lazy in the 
 easy indifference with which he plays his 
 opponent's hardest strokes. The highest 
 pinnacle of his play has been unexplored 
 bj'' local cracks — at least in this tourney. 
 Every time out he shows a little more 
 "stuff" and exerts himself just enough to 
 beat his next rival. 
 
 Kansas City followers of tennis will 
 watch Lockhorn's work anxiously in the 
 Missouri Valley tournament in the fall. 
 Alexander Squair and Walter Hayes, R. F. 
 Shelton and J. B. Adoue, jr., Paul Dar- 
 rough and Gene Monett will be there; so 
 will Roland Hoerr and Drummond Jones. 
 Perhaps Lockhorn may uncover a little of 
 that "old stuff" of his then. Kansas City 
 enthusiasts want to see just what he has, 
 anyway. 
 
 GOLF MATCH 
 
 Boston Transcript 
 
 There was nothing of the runaway about 
 this morning's half of the final round for 
 the John Shepard, Jr., trophy between 
 Francis Ouimet and Paul Tewksbury, 
 
 chums and both members of the Woodland 
 Golf Club, where the match is being played. 
 The national amateur champion led by one 
 up at the end of the morning play, after a 
 round in which the margin at no time was 
 more than two holes. They play the final 
 eighteen holes this afternoon, and consid- 
 erably more of a gallery is expected than 
 witnessed the play in the morning. 
 
 As a general thing Mr. Ouimet plays the 
 Woodland course around 73 to 75 in his 
 matches, but this morning he kept out of 
 the 80 class only by a single stroke. Mr. 
 Tewksbury had one bad hole, the thir- 
 teenth, so that his medal was 82. The pair 
 halved one hole in 7, which is decidedly 
 unusual for them, and another in 6. 
 
 The first hole went to Mr. Ouimet on 
 the strength of an exceptionally fine putt, 
 where he faced a stymie and had to slice 
 around his opponent's ball to get down in 
 4. Luck was with the champion at the 
 second, where his topped approach rolled 
 through a bunker onto the green about ten 
 feet past the hole, whence he ran it down 
 for a 3 and became 2 up. Neither reached 
 the third green in 2, against the wind, and 
 they halved in 5, as was the case also at the 
 fourth. Mr. Ouimet required another 5 at 
 the fifth, failing to get on from the tee, and 
 then taking three putts. He lost that hole 
 and also the sixth, where he drove into the 
 woods. This squared the match. 
 
 After a succession of four 5s, wliich in 
 itself is decidedly unusual for the cham- 
 pion, he managed to get back to normal 
 with a 4 at the seventh, which won it; he 
 then played such an accurate approach at 
 the eighth that he holed the putt for a 3 
 and became 2 up once more. He pulled one 
 out of bounds at the ninth, which cost him 
 the hole and left him 1 up at the turn. 
 
 They halved the tenth in par 3. Mr. 
 Tewksbury's superior play netted him a 4 
 at the eleventh, which squared the match 
 again. There was something spectacular 
 at the twelfth, where Mr. Tewksbury hit 
 the cup on an approach shot from the em- 
 bankment above the green and stopped 
 near enough to get down his putt for a 4. 
 Mr. Ouimet was off the green also on liis 
 second, but approached close enough to sink 
 
220 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 his putt for the half. The thirteenth was a 
 nightmare to Mr. Tewksbury, who played 
 about four shots and then gave up the hole. 
 He had a chance to square the match at the 
 fourteenth, where a long drive and equally 
 fine second put him within seven feet of the 
 hole, but it was a difficult putt and he missed 
 his 3. 
 The 600-yard fifteenth hole was a stiff 
 proposition, owing to the strong wind, and 
 neither player got home in 3. Then, sin- 
 gularly enough, they took three putts apiece 
 for a half in 7. That was in decided con- 
 trast to the play at the sixteenth, which 
 they halved in 3. To the other long hole, 
 the seventeenth, Mr. Ouimet was hole high, 
 
 but a number of yards below the green in 
 2. His short approach was much too strong 
 and he failed to get his fourth dead or to 
 hole his putt for a 5. Mr. Tewksbury, who 
 was little better situated in 3 than Mr. 
 Ouimet in 2, finally had a putt of four feet 
 to win the hole. He missed it, and they 
 halved in 6. Then they halved the home 
 hole in 3. It was a striking finish — to halve 
 four successive holes in 7, 3, 6, 3. Their 
 cards: 
 
 Ouimet 43555543 6—40 
 
 Tewksbury.. 54554454 5 — 41 
 
 Ouimet 35444736 3—39—79 
 
 Tewksbury.. 344 *7 4736 3—41—82 
 
 ♦Approximated. 
 
CHAPTER XIV 
 
 SOCIETY 
 
 Interest in social and personal news is so great that practically every 
 newspaper maintains a society department under the direction of a society 
 editor. The form and style suitable to such news are partly determined by 
 social usage. The typographical style of the society columns often differs 
 somewhat from that of other parts of the paper. Society news taxes the 
 writer's ability to give variety to stories of the same kind of events as they 
 take place day by day. In no other kind of news is he more frequently tempted 
 to use stock phrases over and over again. It is possible, however, to give 
 considerable variety to society stories as weU as to avoid trite, colorless, 
 description. 
 
 Unusual courtships, engagements, and weddings may be treated as 
 regular news; in that case the stories of them are not often placed in the 
 society section. Such news not infrequently has humorous and pathetic 
 possibilities that the writer may develop without violating the canons of 
 good taste. 
 
 UNUSUAL COURTSHIP 
 New York Herald 
 
 Having failed in eight years of effort to 
 find a guardian, governess or housekeeper 
 who would take a proper interest in his 
 two small motherless children, Lorenzo Vil- 
 lette, a prosperous French merchant, living 
 at No. 90 North Harwood place. Brook- 
 bank, decided he would try to find a wife. 
 A preliminary search failed to find a suit- 
 able candidate and he turned to the church, 
 being a devout member of St. Anthony's, 
 in Brookbank. 
 
 ► Two weeks ago he completed a novena, 
 and on the ninth day of his continuous 
 prayer he expressed the wish that a wife 
 who would be a good mother would be 
 granted to him. 
 
 Nothing happened until the second day 
 
 after he had finished his nine days of 
 prayer. On that day Miss Mary O'Connor, 
 of No. 72 Laclede avenue, Brookbank, 
 made a social call upon her friend, Miss 
 Frances Smith, a cousin of Mr. Villette, in 
 her home, in Forest avenue, at Railroad 
 avenue. 
 
 While the two young women talked Miss 
 Smith said to her friend : — 
 
 "You seem so downcast recently, Mary. 
 You should find a husband." 
 
 "Yes, I suppose," was the answer, "but 
 the right man has not knocked at the door 
 yet." 
 
 Just then Mr. Villette Tang the bell at 
 his cousin's home. He was introduced to 
 Miss O'Connor and an hour later accom- 
 panied her to her home. Three days later 
 he escorted her to a theatre and the follow- 
 ing day met her relatives. 
 
TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 Then she met Mr. Villette's children and 
 called at his home, and last Saturday they 
 obtained a hcense to be married. St. 
 Michael's Church, which the O'Connor 
 family attends, is preparing for one of the 
 largest weddings of the season on next 
 Tuesday. 
 
 " I am very happy," said Miss O'Connor 
 last night, " and I am so thankful that Mr. 
 Villette said a novena and that I was sent 
 to him." 
 
 UNUSUAL ROMANCE 
 Chicago Inter Ocean 
 
 Firemen one night last summer stood on 
 the street before a blazing apartment build- 
 ing at West Fourteenth and South Sanga- 
 mon streets. They played their streams of 
 water on the fire, although they realized 
 that the building could not be saved. Sud- 
 denly from above came the scream of a girl. 
 She was seen chnging to a window ledge on 
 the third floor before a background of flame. 
 
 That was the beginning of the storj'. 
 
 Its close came yesterday afternoon within 
 the dim and quiet church of St. Francis of 
 Assisi, when the girl. Miss Mary Wilkins, 
 became the wife of the man who had dared 
 and accomphshed her rescue, Arthur Sheer, 
 truckman of hook and ladder company 
 No. 5. 
 
 Of all the firemen who stood before the 
 burning building that night, Sheer alone 
 volunteered to attempt the rescue. A lad- 
 der was rushed to the red and cracking wall. 
 Blinded by the flames and smoke and with 
 his heavy clothing fired from the heat. 
 Sheer groped his way up the ladder. His 
 mates played streams of water along the 
 course of his climb. He reached Miss 
 Wilkins and carried her to the street and 
 to safety. 
 
 "And that's how it was," the bride said 
 as she left the church clinging to the arm 
 of her big and blushing husband. "He and 
 I learned to know each other after the fire, 
 and — and — well, that's how it was." 
 
 The blush on Truckman Sheer's face 
 deepened when the interview was directed 
 upon himself. 
 
 "Ah — er — any fireman, you know," he 
 stammered, "would — would — but say, 
 you'd ought to see the place we've got 
 fixed up. We're — ah — we're moving in 
 today." 
 
 The home of the couple will be at 919 
 West Twenty-third place. 
 
 COWBOY WEDDING 
 Chicago Herald 
 
 "Snorky Dan" Sammons tied his pony 
 to the rack at the stockyards yesterday, 
 doff'ed his chaps, wiggled into "the con- 
 ventional black" and, with the able assist- 
 ance of 300 wildly enthusiastic "boys from 
 the yards," was roped, tied and branded at 
 the altar. 
 
 It was the biggest "cowboy wedding" 
 the yards ever saw. When "Snorky" 
 knocked off buying hogs for the Bismark 
 Packing Company early in the day and 
 got ready to hit the trail for the Holy 
 Cross Church, East SLxty-fifth street and 
 Maryland avenue, he had no hint of the 
 scheme on foot. 
 
 Late in the afternoon the South Side, 
 however, became aware that there was 
 something doing besides the Cubs-Sox 
 battle. First a two-wheeled phaeton, 
 dragged along by a gaunt, underfed mule 
 and driven by a cowboy, made its appear- 
 ance. A big banner was stretched across 
 its sides giving the bridegroom this welcome 
 admonition: 
 
 " Don't weaken, Snorky." 
 
 On its heels came a "hungry five" Ger- 
 man band playing Irish melodies, riding in 
 a "cripple wagon" driven by a red-coated 
 negro. A tractor engine, pulling a chain of 
 twelve "clean-up" chariots, came next, 
 and in its wake a couple of hundred yell- 
 ing, plug-hatted cowboys led by "Rags" 
 Murphy and Tom Dorney. As marshals of 
 the "round-up" there were "Tex" Hobart, 
 "Jim" McGuirk, "Spuds" Grady and 
 "Skinny" Kenny. Even young Edward 
 Morris, who recently went to work in the 
 packing business, was on the job. 
 
 The cavalcade drew up in front of the 
 church and awaited "Snorky." It was 
 
SOCIETY 
 
 223 
 
 about 5 o'clock when he arrived in a big 
 touring car with bride-to-be, Miss Mary 
 Cowman, 6876 South Chicago avenue, 
 daughter of the late John Cowman, 
 wealthy coal dealer. As the party entered 
 the church every noise-making device, 
 from the cowboy yell to automobile horns, 
 was brought into play. 
 ' While the Rev. D. D. Hishen was "tying 
 the knot" inside, the automobile was las- 
 soed. The bridal party, upon re-entering 
 the vehicle, attempted to make their get- 
 away, but in vain. Surrounded by the 
 prancing ponies, they were paraded to the 
 yards at Root and Halsted streets, and 
 after "Snorky" had made a little speech 
 he was permitted to go. 
 
 ELOPEMENT 
 Chicago Herald 
 
 Ju^ because she was a girl, Charlotte 
 Smith, daughter of a Parkhurst contractor, 
 saw no reason why she should not learn 
 from her father all about building houses 
 on well-located lots. 
 
 Charles Ferris Short, son of a real estate 
 dealer in the north shore suburb, had been 
 getting information about the value of a 
 piece of ground upon which a house could 
 be built. 
 
 What, then, more natural than for 
 Charles, filled with knowledge about home 
 locations, and Charlotte, wise in the man- 
 ner of erecting a home and having, mean- 
 while, notions that other persons in the 
 world didn't count for much anyway, to 
 conclude to join their knowledge for their 
 own profit? 
 
 Nothing, they agreed. But Charles was 
 only 21 years old, and Charlotte 19. 
 
 "Too young," parents of both agreed. 
 
 Having visions of a piece of property 
 selected by him and improved by a house 
 designed by her as a place where they, 
 together, would not be annoyed by unsym- 
 pathetic parents, and reading in the Her- 
 ald that twelve couples had eloped to 
 Crown Point Monday to be married, they 
 boarded a train for Indiana yesterday. Last 
 night they were Mr. and Mrs. Short. 
 
 Charlotte's parents didn't know a thing 
 about it until told by the Herald; neither 
 did Charles's people. 
 
 "Oh, well, I guess there's nothing to do 
 but say it's just fine," Charlotte's mother 
 said. "But she hasn't a bit of table Unen. 
 We'll have to get busy right away." 
 
 So it was all right after all. 
 
 Others on the train taken by the Park- 
 hurst couple were Peter Felker and Miss 
 Sara Sorley. They had planned to be mar- 
 ried for some time. It was inconvenient to 
 take a honeymoon trip. So they, too, eloped 
 to Crown Point. 
 
 SEPTUAGENARIAN ROMANCE 
 
 Chicago Herald 
 
 More than seventy years ago a barefoot 
 boy and a rosy cheeked girl trudged to- 
 gether each day along the roads of Albion 
 County, Michigan, to a little red school- 
 house, where, at adjoining desks, they 
 studied "readin', 'ritin' and 'rithmetic." 
 
 Yesterday the same "boy" and the same 
 "girl" left Fair Oaks together for the 
 county building in Chicago. There they 
 obtained a marriage license. A few min- 
 utes later they were married. Thus has 
 Fair Oaks furnished its first septuagenarian 
 romance. 
 
 The bridegroom is Rudolph Gray, 77 
 years old, the possessor of two grand- 
 children. The bride, imtil yesterday, Mrs. 
 Mary J. Vanson, is a year his junior. She 
 has three grandchildren. 
 
 After the ceremony the couple returned 
 to the residence of the bridegroom's daugh- 
 ter, Mrs. Clara A. Hawkins of 1231 Jenifer 
 avenue. Fair Oaks. There the bridegroom 
 told the story of the romance. 
 
 "We've known each other as far back 
 as either of us can remember," he said. 
 "We were reared together in Albion 
 County, went to the same district school 
 together, and later, when we were a little 
 older, went to the same dances and parties 
 together. 
 
 "Then our families moved away from 
 Albion County, and we lost track of each 
 other for a while. I got married and served 
 
224 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 through the civil war. Sarah was married 
 to an Illinois man. 
 
 "Her husband was killed in 1892 in a 
 railroad accident, and my first wife died 
 about three years ago. A few months ago 
 we learned of each other's whereabouts, 
 started to write back and forth, and today 
 were married." 
 
 The ceremony was performed, according 
 to Mr. Gray, by S. M. Schall, in the latter 's 
 office at 118 North LaSalle street. Later 
 the couple had their wedding supper at the 
 Hawkins residence in Fair Oaks. In a few 
 days they will leave for Manheim, 111., 
 where they will make their home. 
 
 WEDDING 
 
 New York Times 
 
 The wedding of Miss Emma Martin 
 WiUis, daughter of James S. Willis, Presi- 
 dent of the United States Bank of Com- 
 merce of this city, and Mrs. Willis, and 
 Lesley Green Shafter of Greenville, Penn., 
 was celebrated at 8 o'clock last night in 
 St. John's Episcopal Church, Montclair, 
 N. J. The Rev. Dr. William R. Bolton, 
 rector of the church, officiated. 
 
 The bride wore a gown of ivory satin and 
 a veil of lace, which was caught up with a 
 chaplet of orange blossoms. She carried a 
 shower bouquet of white orchids and lilies of 
 the valley. Her father gave her in marriage. 
 
 The maid of honor was Miss Martha 
 Houghton of Calumet, Mich., a former 
 schoolmate of the bride. She wore a pink 
 satin gown, draped with tulle and net, and 
 carried pink Killarney roses. 
 
 There were six bridesmaids, including 
 the Misses Emma Dickens, Elsie Walter, 
 Anna Wilson, Helen Holton, Mary Smith, 
 and Katherine WUkins. They were gowned 
 ahke, in blue and white chiffon, and carried 
 Aaron Ward roses with streamers of blue 
 ribbon. 
 
 Clinton M. Shafter was best man for his 
 brother. The ushers were George H. Ken- 
 nedy, John C. Lane, Arthur Carpenter, and 
 Dr. James Stratton Colhns, Jr., of Green- 
 ville; Morris B. Lamb of this city, and 
 James S. WilUs, Jr., of Montclair, 
 
 The church was decorated with auttma- 
 nal flowers and fohage. Along the centre 
 aisle were large clusters of white chrysan- 
 themums. Ascension liUes were used on the 
 altar. 
 
 More than 200 guests from New York 
 and near-by towns attended the reception, 
 which was held after the ceremony at the 
 home of the bride, 144 Nedwick Avenue, 
 Upper Montclair. The couple received the 
 congratulations of their relatives and 
 friends under an arbor of pink and white 
 roses in the reception room. The house 
 was decorated throughout with autiminal 
 fohage and flowers. 
 
 The bride was a pupil at Miss Spence's 
 School in this city in 1909-1910. Mr. Shaf- 
 ter was graduated from Williams College, 
 class of '10, and is a member of the Phi 
 Delta Theta Fraternity. His father, who 
 died several years ago, was the owner of 
 large coal fields and mines, which Mr. 
 Shafter has managed since leaving school. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Shafter will five in Green- 
 ville. 
 
 WEDDING 
 
 Boston Transcript 
 
 Scarboro, Oct. 23 — St. John's School 
 Chapel was the scene of the marriage, at 
 noon today, of Miss Violet Otis Gray to John 
 Stanley Hart. Miss Gray is the older daugh- 
 ter of Rev. William Green Gray, D. D., 
 head of St. John's School, and Mrs. Gray, 
 who was before her marriage Miss Martin. 
 The bride is the granddaughter of the late 
 Mr. and Mrs. WilUam C. Martin of Boston, 
 who long were summer cottagers at Na- 
 hant. Herbert F. Martin and Harrison 
 Gray Martin are her uncles, and Mrs. Smith 
 of Washington and Ipswich, wife of Rev. 
 Richard Otis Smith, D. D., is an aunt. 
 Miss Gray has a younger sister, Margaret, 
 and four brothers, William G. Gray, Jr., 
 Sigourney Gray, Appleton Gray and Rob- 
 ert Gray. The bride made her d^but three 
 seasons ago. 
 
 Mr. Hart, the bridegroom, is the son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Francis Stanley Hart of Com- 
 monwealth avenue, Boston, who have a 
 
SOCIETY 
 
 225 
 
 country estate in Bedford. He was gradu- 
 ated from Harvard with the class of 1913. 
 He is interested in rowing and is a member 
 of the Union Boat Club. William A. Hart, 
 of the Harvard class of 1915, is a younger 
 brother. 
 
 Dr. Gray, the bride's father, was the 
 officiating clergyman, and gave his daugh- 
 ter in marriage. The bride was dressed in a 
 gown of white satin and tulle, made with a 
 pointed neck and long, full train. It was 
 trimmed with fine old lace, and her veil, 
 also of lace, was the one which had been 
 worn by her mother, and still earlier by her 
 grandmother, Mrs. Martin, on the occasion 
 of their weddings. It was held in place with 
 orange blossoms. The bridal bouquet was 
 of hlies of the valley, white orchids and 
 delicate ferns. 
 
 The younger sister. Miss Margaret Gray, 
 was flower girl and wore a high-waisted 
 dress of white net with embroidered ruffles, 
 with which was worn a small hat of pink 
 satin trimmed with lace and pink rosebuds. 
 She carried pale pink roses. The brides- 
 maids were Miss Elizabeth Howard of 
 Boston, cousin of the bridegroom; Miss 
 Anna Appleton Graves of South Orange, 
 N. J., and Miss Mary Appleton of New 
 York. Miss Graves and Miss Appleton are 
 the bride's cousins. These three attendants 
 were dressed in pale pink taffeta with 
 sleeves and long tunics of pink tulle. They 
 wore large flat hats of dark blue velvet and 
 carried bunches of pink rosebuds mixed 
 with bluets. Mrs. Gray, the bride's mother, 
 wore dark blue sUk and a hat of dark blue 
 velvet trimmed with feathers of the same 
 shade. 
 
 Frederic Hart of Boston, Harvard, '13, 
 a cousin of the bridegroom, was best man, 
 and those who served as ushers were 
 Charles Pelham Morgan, Jr., Harvard, '14; 
 Edwin Curtis, Harvard, '13; Wilkins 
 Frothingham, Harvard, '13; George Wil- 
 liam Meyer, Jr., Harvard, '13; Bayard 
 Tyler, Harvard, '13; Tudor Jenkins, Har- 
 vard, '13; Richard Courtland, Harvard, 
 '16; George Bartlett, Harvard, '13; Sigour- 
 ney Gray, Amherst, '18, brother of the 
 bride. ~ ' ' 
 
 WEDDING 
 
 New York Herald 
 
 Southern smilax and palms made the 
 background for the bower of white and 
 pink cut flowers and plants ornament- 
 ing the chancel of the Church of the Di- 
 vine Paternity last Tuesday when Miss 
 Florence I. Gardiner, daughter of Mrs. 
 Curtis Gardiner, of No. 949 West Eighty- 
 fifth street, was married to Mr. Frederick 
 Guild Jenkins, Jr., the Rev. Dr. Hall 
 officiating. 
 
 The bride wore a gown of ivory white 
 satin trimmed with pearls and embroid- 
 ered with orange blossoms with court train 
 of chiffon and satin. Instead of a veil she 
 wore a cap of princess lace, and she carried 
 a bouquet of lilies of the valley and white 
 orchids. She was attended by her sister, 
 Mrs. Deland Roswell Morton, who wore a 
 gown of pink satin trimmed with brown 
 lace and beaver fur, with picture hat to 
 match; she carried Killarney roses. Little 
 Ruth and Virginia Gardiner, the flower 
 girls, wore frocks of white lingerie with 
 pink sashes, and carried white French bas- 
 kets of sunburst roses. 
 
 Mr. David Pelham was best man, and 
 the ushers were Messrs. John Burton, Har- 
 rison Kneeland and John J. Surl, of this 
 city, and Harold Warren, of Fishkill, N. Y. 
 After the ceremony Mr. and Mrs. Jenkins 
 started on a wedding trip through the 
 South. 
 
 WEDDING 
 
 Philadelphia Ledger 
 
 WASHINGTON, Dec. 3.— Miss Emily 
 Curtis, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William 
 T. Curtis, was married today to Captain 
 Wilham Raines Darlington, Coast Artil- 
 lery, United States army. The ceremony 
 took place at the home of the bride's par- 
 ents in Georgetown. The Rev. D. H. 
 Markham ofiiciated. The attendants were 
 Miss Winifred Deland and Captain Robert 
 Bruce Scott, U. S. A. The latter and the 
 bridegroom wore full uniform. The bride 
 wore white satia, with tulle overdress, and 
 
226 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 a tulle veil. Following a wedding break- 
 fast, Captain and Mrs. Darlington left for 
 the South, the former being stationed at 
 Fort Garfield, Ga. 
 
 ENGAGEMENT 
 Chicago Post 
 
 Mrs. Francis T. Calkins, 1253 Hamilton 
 avenue, announces the engagement of her 
 youngest daughter, Imogen Hammond, to 
 Mr. Percy Chapman, son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 A. L. Chapman, 3024 Sigourney street. 
 
 Miss Calkins's father was the late Colonel 
 Francis T. Calkins, first colonel of the 
 Seventeenth Uegiment, I. N. G. The bride 
 elect is president of the Delta Gamma Mu 
 Sorority and a member of the Beta Phi Ep- 
 silon Sorority. Mr. Chapman is a member 
 of the Delta Omicron Fraternity and is 
 known in athletic circles. No date has 
 been set for the wedding. 
 
 ENGAGEMENT 
 
 New York Times 
 
 The engagement of Miss Agnes P. Colby 
 and Frederick E. Chandler has been an- 
 nounced. Miss Colby is the daughter of 
 the Rev. Dr. J. Wilson Colby, the noted 
 evangelist, with whom she made a globe- 
 encircling trip several years ago. She is 
 spending the Winter with her aunt, Mrs. 
 Charles Stratton Wilce, at Springfield, 
 Mass. 
 
 Mr. Chandler is a graduate of Williams 
 College, class of '12, and is a Director in 
 the Industrial Bonding Corporation of New 
 York. The wedding is to take place in the 
 early Spring at the Colby home at Jamaica 
 Estates, L. I. 
 
 WEDDING PARTY DINNER 
 DANCE 
 
 New York Times 
 
 Mrs. Ralph H. Devine, whose brother, 
 Harry Curtis Livingston of Cleveland, Ohio, 
 is to marry Miss Hope Alexander, daughter 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. W. A. Alexander, tomorrow 
 afternoon in the Church of the Heavenly 
 Rest, entertained last night at the St. Regis 
 in honor of Miss Alexander and her fiancfe. 
 
 Covers were laid for twenty-six guests, 
 and the table was decorated with lihes of 
 the valley and pink roses. Silver bonbon 
 boxes were given as favors. The guests in- 
 cluded some of the girl friends of the bride- 
 elect, the best man, Frederick R. Devine, 
 and the ushers, Sidney Dillon, Arthur G. 
 Alexander, Benjamin Noyes, Martin Otis 
 Tilden, Harrison Prescott, and Frederick 
 Cheever. 
 
 There was informal dancing afterward, 
 for which a few additional guests were in- 
 vited. 
 
 COLLEGE FRATERNITY DINNER 
 
 Topeka Capitol 
 
 The Kappa Sigma men of Washburn 
 college celebrated Founders' day with a 
 dinner at the Mills tea room yesterday 
 evening. The men of the active chapter, 
 Gamma Nu, and many of the local alumni 
 gathered together for the fraternity's forty- 
 fifth anniversary. It was on December 10, 
 just forty-five years ago, that the fraternity, 
 now the largest in number of chapters, was 
 founded at the University of Virginia. 
 
 The tables were decorated with the 
 fraternity flower, lily of the valley, and the 
 colors, scarlet, white and emerald. Toasts, 
 with Mr. Earl Trobert acting as toast- 
 master, were responded to by Mr. WilHam 
 Whitcomb, for the pledges, Mr. Merrill 
 Ream, for the actives, Mr. James Cole- 
 man, on the "Fraternity Relations to the 
 Alumnus," Mr. Monte Kistler, on " Frater- 
 nity Expansion," Dr. A. B. Jeffrey, on 
 "Internal Development," and Mr. W. K. 
 Miller, on "The Why of a Greek." The 
 fraternity songs were sung as a finishing 
 touch. 
 
 The Kappa Sigmas at the affair were: 
 Mr. Monte Kistler, Mr. Irwin Keller, Mr. 
 Clayton Kline, Mr. Robert Drum, Mr. 
 James Coleman, Dr. A. B. Jeffrey, Mr. W. 
 W. Miller, Mr. D. Elton Mcintosh, Mr. 
 Kenneth Kline, Mr. Dwight Ream, Mr. 
 
SOCIETY 
 
 227 
 
 Merrill Ream, Mr. Wayne Cook, Mr. Rob- 
 ert Whitcomb, Mr. Richard Whitcomb, 
 Mr. Earl Trobert, Mr. Warren Humphrey, 
 Mr. Charles Kesler, Mr. Robert Ward, Mr. 
 Russell Swiler, Mr. John Ripley, Mr. Clif- 
 ford Olander, Mr. Forest Rice, Mr. Duane 
 Van Horn, Mr. Elwin Olander, Mr. Ned 
 Brown, Mr. Edwin Tucker, Mr. Harold 
 Cone, Mr. William Whitcomb, Mr. John 
 March, Mr. Ray Enfield, Mr. Jay Jenson 
 and Mr. Jackson Brown. 
 
 CHRISTMAS DINNER REUNION 
 
 Chicago Herald 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Frank Hinton of 891 East 
 Twenty-first street will give the annual 
 dinner for members of the Hinton family 
 Christmas night. This will be the sixty- 
 fourth Christmas dinner and reunion in the 
 Hinton family. Among those who will be 
 present are Mr. and Mrs. Thomas M. Hin- 
 ton, State's Attorney and Mrs. Maclay 
 Hinton, Mr. and Mrs. Clifford Whitcomb, 
 Mrs. Gertrude Hinton Humphrey and Mrs. 
 Charles C. Coleman. Covers will be laid 
 for thirty-five. 
 
 ANNOUNCEMENT OF DINNER 
 PARTY 
 
 Chicago Herald 
 
 Miss Camille Russell Ward of 1891 
 Grand boulevard, who made her d^but 
 Thanksgiving day, will give a dinner Sun- 
 day in honor of Miss Irene Rice, daughter of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Robert G. Rice of 3736 Elton 
 avenue, who is to be married Dec. 29 to 
 Edmund Cook, son of Dr. and Mrs. E. 
 Walton Cook. 
 
 DANCE FOR CHARITY 
 
 Chicago Herald 
 
 Hungry babies will be fed, and the coffers 
 of at least a dozen South Side day nurseries 
 will be filled, from the proceeds of the an- 
 nual ball of the Friendly Aid Society to be 
 given Monday evening at the Blackstone 
 
 Hotel. Mrs. Edward E. Hammond is presi- 
 dent of the society. The beneficiaries in- 
 clude Bethlehem Creche, Chicago Refuge 
 for Girls, Children's South Side Free Dis- 
 pensary, Home for Convalescent Women 
 and Children, Home for Destitute Crip- 
 pled Children, Jackson Park Sanitarium, 
 Legal Aid Society, Margaret Etter Creche, 
 Stockyards Day Nursery, Boys' Shelter, 
 Visiting Nurses and the Juvenile Protec- 
 tive Association. 
 
 SORORITY'S FORMAL PARTY 
 
 Kansas City Star 
 
 The spring formal of the Kappa Alpha 
 Theta Sorority was given in F. A. A. Hall 
 Friday evening. The chapter president, 
 Miss Elsa Bartell, and the house mother, 
 Mrs. Anna Stratton, headed the receiving 
 line. A very clever electrical effect was 
 carried out in the sorority colors, gold and 
 black. Kansas City guests were Mr. Em- 
 mett Donnet, Mr. Arthur Dix, Mr. James 
 Sampson, Mr. Carl Bright, Mr. Edward Dix, 
 Mr. Robert Campbell, Mr. Harland Hamil- 
 ton, Mr. Albert Rook, Mr. George Bright, 
 Mr. Ivan Bean, Mr. Ben Sweet, Mr. Charles 
 Hagen and Mr. Richard Smith. Kansas 
 City Thetas are: Miss Marie Hedrick, Miss 
 Emma Mae Root, Miss Katherine Kiezer, 
 Miss Louisa Hedrick, Miss Helen Tompkins, 
 Miss Barbara Martin, Miss Marjorie Hile, 
 Miss Mable Perkins, Miss Elsa McClure, 
 Miss Ida Perry, Miss Caroline Nutt, Miss 
 Virginia Gray and Miss Josephine Stone. 
 
 CLUB DANCE 
 
 New York Herald 
 
 A dance for the members of the Colony 
 Club will be given in the Marseilles Hotel 
 to-morrow night. The patronesses will in- 
 clude Mmes. Edward Burton Williams, 
 William Grant Brown, Emma lup Ed- 
 wards, H. W. Harding, Hartwell B. Grubb, 
 William L. Sands, Edward Donnelly, 
 Harry Grimes and Upton Slingluff, and 
 Misses Florence Guernsey and Ella L. 
 Henderson. 
 
228 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 DANCING PARTY 
 
 Chicago Herald 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Frederick W. Maxwell of 
 West Walton place gave a dance last night 
 at the Chicago Latin School for their 
 daughter, Miss Rosalie Maxwell, and her 
 young friends at home from school for the 
 holidays. 
 
 MUSICALE 
 
 Chicago Post 
 
 Mrs. Lamson Neil Pelham of Evanston 
 entertained a number of guests at a musical 
 this afternoon at 3 o'clock at her home, 
 1460 Appleton avenue. She was assisted 
 by Mrs. Henry P. Parker and Mrs. Walter 
 W. White. The artists were Mr. Heath 
 Gregory, who gave a group of songs, and 
 Mr. Theodore du Moulin, celhst of the Chi- 
 cago Orchestra, with Mr. Shynman as 
 accompanist. The house was prettily dec- 
 orated and in every room there were masses 
 of flowers and pots of heather. 
 
 COLLEGE ALUMNAE MEETING 
 
 Chicago Herald 
 
 The regular meeting of the Chicago 
 Alumnae Association of Kappa Kappa 
 Gamma will be held Dec. 30, in room A of 
 the Chicago College Club. Mrs. L. J. Lam- 
 son will talk during the tea hour on the work 
 and needs of the Margaret Etter Creche, 
 which was founded by Mary F. Etter, a 
 Kappa of Epsilon Chapter. Miss Louise 
 Merrill, a former president of this associa- 
 tion, will pour. 
 
 ANNOUNCEMENT OF LUNCHEON 
 Philadelphia Ledger 
 
 Mrs. Seymour Thornton has issued cards 
 for a luncheon at the Ritz-Carlton, to be 
 followed by a matinee theatre party, Satur- 
 day, December 19, in honor of Miss Elinor 
 Judd Wilson, the debutante daughter of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Wilson. Among 
 the guests wiU be Mrs. Charles H. Wilson, 
 Mrs. Joseph B. Melton, Miss Katharine 
 Torrey, Miss Marjorie Deland, Miss 
 Eleanor B. Robinson, Miss Ethel Hastings, 
 Miss Frances Tyler, Miss Elizabeth C. 
 Jenkins, Miss Eleanore Curtis, Miss EUz- 
 abeth E. Mills, Miss Helena Rawlins, Miss 
 Christine Rice and Miss Edith Harrold. 
 
 ANNOUNCEMENT OF THEATRE 
 PARTY 
 
 Philadelphia Ledger 
 
 Dr. and Mrs. T. Bradford Cotton have 
 sent out invitations for a theatre party, 
 followed by supper, at their home, 1802 
 Ashbury place, Monday night. Miss Hilda 
 Taylor, the debutante daughter of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Thomas R. Taylor, of Medina, is to 
 be the guest of honor and the other guests 
 are to be debutantes and men of the 
 younger set to the number of 18. 
 
 THEATRE PARTY 
 
 Philadelphia Ledger 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. James Francis Chelten- 
 ham gave a theatre party last night in 
 honor of Miss Margaret Rand, daughter of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Henry Augustus Rand. 
 Afterwards the guests were entertained at 
 a supper at the Ritz-Carlton. 
 
 CARD PARTY 
 Kansas City Star 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Grant Milton Coffey enter- 
 tained with an auction bridge party Friday 
 evening, at which the engagement of their 
 sister, Marion Perkins Clark, to Dr. Earl 
 Bispam was announced. The place cards 
 were water colored sketches of Cupid carry- 
 ing envelopes in which were the announce- 
 ments. Favors were won by Miss Eugenia 
 Devine, Mrs. J. W. Harter, Dr. Earl Bis- 
 pam and Mr. Benjamin G. Root. Guests 
 were limited to the friends of Miss Clark. 
 
SOCIETY 
 
 229 
 
 CARD PARTY 
 
 Philadelphia Ledger 
 
 A "500" party will be given by the fem- 
 inine members of the Valley Green Canoe 
 Club in the clubhouse Saturday afternoon 
 at 3 o'clock, to be followed by a buffet sup- 
 per and dancing in the evening. The en- 
 tertainment will mark the opening of the 
 new English grill room, where the dancing 
 will take place, and also the new library 
 and reception hall. The members who 
 have charge of the affair are: Mrs. James 
 Perkins, Mrs. Edmund Chynoweth, Miss 
 Bessie Maxwell, Miss Irene Carter, Miss 
 Margaret Creig and Miss Mabel N. Don- 
 aldson. 
 
 DEBUTANTE'S PARTY 
 
 Philadelphia Ledger 
 
 Miss Elsa Catlin, debutante daughter of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Theodore W. CatUn, will be 
 the guest of honor at a party which John 
 Wilkins Frothingham, Jr., of School House 
 lane, Germantown, will give at The Rabbit 
 tomorrow night. The chaperones will be 
 Mrs. Catlin and Miss Sarah Wilkins Froth- 
 ingham, the latter the sister of the host. 
 The guests will be Miss Charlotte Harding, 
 Miss Virginia Racine, Miss Emilie P. Jack- 
 son, Miss Josephine Wooton, Miss Alice 
 Thompson, Miss Margaret Burton, Miss 
 Cordelia Brown, Miss Pauline Dickens, 
 Albert E. Kennedy, Jr., William Barry, 
 Rodney N. Land, Harry R. Neil, John C. 
 Bell, Jr., Thomas K. Fenton, Jr., Alexander 
 Mercer, Jr., Joseph G. B. Renton, John B. 
 Knox, 2d, Barclay Wood, Lewis Smith and 
 Andrew Van Brunt. 
 
 ENTERTAINMENTS FOR DIS- 
 TINGUISHED GUEST 
 
 Philadelphia Ledger 
 
 Mrs. Pethick Lawrence will be given 
 several entertainments during her stay in 
 this city. A reception will be held for her 
 tonight at the home of Miss Mary McMur- 
 trie, 1104 Spruce street. Those who will 
 
 receive with Miss McMurtrie and Mrs. 
 Lawrence will be Mrs. Edward Troth, Miss 
 Anne H. Wharton, the writer, Mrs. Edward 
 Parker Davis, Mrs. Morris Jastrow, Mrs. 
 Francis D. Patterson and Mrs. Thomas F. 
 Kirkbride. 
 
 Mrs. Lawrence will be the guest of Mrs. 
 H. H. Donaldson over Sunday. 
 
 VISIT 
 
 Chicago Herald 
 
 Ensign and Mrs. Wilson K. Spring of 
 Boston are visiting their parents, Colonel 
 and Mrs. Taylor E. Sprmg, at 9652 Ken- 
 wood avenue. Mrs. W. K. Spring was Miss 
 Florence Berwin before her marriage last 
 August. They will return immediately after 
 New Year's to join Ensign Spring's ship 
 "Oklahoma," which wiU sail early in Jan- 
 uary for Cuba. 
 
 ENTERTAINMENTS FOR GLEE 
 CLUB 
 
 Chicago Post 
 
 The program to be rendered this year by 
 the Harvard Musical Clubs on Wednesday 
 evening, Dec. 30, at 8: 15 o'clock, in Orches- 
 tra Hall, is an especially attractive one. 
 The Glee Club, which last year distin- 
 guished itself by winning a competitive 
 glee club meet in New York, occupies the 
 central position. Three Chicago men are 
 making the tour this year. They are Mr. 
 Arthur Dee, 3d, of Oak Park, Mr. S. P. 
 Priestley and Mr. D. H. Curtis, who was 
 this year chosen assistant manager of the 
 clubs. 
 
 Following the concert Mrs. John Cotton 
 Barclay, 240 Lake Shore drive, will give a 
 dance at her home in honor of the members 
 of the clubs. As the dance this year is to 
 take place in a private home, the invita- 
 tions are limited. Mrs. Barclay's son, Mr. 
 Burton Barclay, is a Harvard man, and 
 his roommate, Mr. Charles Brunswick of 
 Detroit, formerly of Chicago, is a member 
 of the Glee Club and will take part in the 
 concert. 
 
230 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 Mrs. Charles C. Graves, 1404 Oaklawn 
 place, will be among those giving dinners 
 before the concert. 
 
 ENTERTAINMENT FOR CHARITY 
 
 New York Times 
 
 Announcement has just been made of 
 the debutantes and members of the younger 
 generation in society who are to take part 
 in the annual entertainment for charity of 
 the Junior League, which is to be held on 
 three nights, beginning Monday, Jan. 25, 
 at the Waldorf-Astoria. This entertain- 
 ment is always the culmination of the for- 
 mal season for the debutantes who make 
 up the membership of the League, and it is 
 largely attended by society. 
 
 The entertainment is to be called "Le 
 Jour F6rie," ("The HoUday,") and besides 
 a programme of dances, there will be booths 
 and a soda water fountain, presided over 
 by one of the debutantes of the season. Re- 
 hearsals for the dances have been in prog- 
 ress for some time at the homes of Mrs. 
 C. B. Alexander, Mrs. John Jacob Astor, 
 Mrs. R. Fulton Cutting, and Mrs. William 
 J. Schieffelin. 
 
 Mrs. Courtlandt NicoU of 405 Park 
 Avenue is in charge of the sale of tickets. 
 
 There is to be a carnival procession, after 
 which the special dances will be shown. 
 Miss Mary J. Schieffelin is Chairman of 
 the Irish dance, in which the Misses Lillian 
 Talmage, Sylvia Holt, Eunice Clapp, Jose- 
 phine Wells, Marie Thayer, Eugenie Rand, 
 Rita Boker, Margaret Erhart, and an equal 
 number of young men are to take part. 
 
 In the mirror dance will be Mrs. Wal- 
 ter Stillman, Miss Beatrice G. Pratt, 
 WilUam Boulton, Jr., Lynford Dickinson, 
 and Horace Allen. 
 
 Miss Mary Alexander is Chairman of 
 the Pierrot dance, in which are to appear 
 Mrs. John Rutherford, and the Misses 
 Elsie Stevens, Marie Tailer, Carol Harri- 
 man, Muriel Winthrop, Ethel Crocker, 
 John Elliot, Schuyler Parsons, Bradish J. 
 Carroll, Jr., Stuyvesant Chanler, Suydam 
 Cutting, George Rushmore, and Reginald 
 Rives. 
 
 In the Russian dance, of which Miss 
 Edith Mortimer is Chairman, Mrs. Louis 
 W. Noel and the Misses Alexandra Emery 
 and Lisa Stillman, with Anderson Dana, 
 George B. Post, Jr., Auguste Noel, Mau- 
 rice Roche, Gerald Murphy, and Edward 
 Sliippen are to appear. 
 
 Miss Margaret Trevor is in charge of the 
 dance called "Moment Musicale," Miss 
 Mary Canfield is head of the Gavotte dance, 
 and Miss Frances Breese and Marie Louise 
 Emmet have organized the Harlequin 
 dance. Miss Eugenie Philbin is Chairman 
 of the Frivolity dance, in which there will 
 be a fancy fox trot. Miss Florence Blair 
 heads the list in the Spanish dance, while 
 Miss Josephine Nicoll is Chairman of the 
 Saltorella dance and Miss Gladys Fries of 
 the Tyrolean dance. 
 
 Fifty society girls, many of them debu- 
 tantes, and as many young society men are 
 to take part in the carnival procession. 
 
 CHARITY BAZAAR 
 
 New York Herald 
 
 Members of the Universal Sunshine So- 
 ciety, foreseeing the demand that will be 
 made this winter by the poor in New York 
 for help, are devoting their energies to 
 their annual bazaar, which is to be held in 
 the McAlpin Hotel on the afternoon and 
 evening of Tuesday. Mrs. Florence Hart 
 Jerome is chairman of the sale. 
 
 A feature of the bazaar will be the flag 
 exhibit at the Peace and Plenty table, with 
 the official peace flag and autographed 
 photograph of the President which wall be- 
 come the property of the person who takes 
 the flag. Mrs. Clarence Burns, president, 
 Mrs. Jane Pierce, general secretary, and 
 branch presidents wall preside over the 
 various tables. These will be: — Aprons, 
 Mrs. C. D. Baldwin; tea table, served by 
 actresses; refreshments, Mmes. Damon 
 Lyon, M. B. Gates, Stuart Smith and J. J. 
 Coudrey, and the Misses R. Bm-hngham, 
 M. Loughey and M. Mutterer; fancy table, 
 Mrs. F. H. Dean and the Misses Eva Bolger 
 and Edna Schoneck; flower table, Mrs. H. 
 G. Kost and the Misses Helen Kost, Leo- 
 
SOCIETY 
 
 231 
 
 nore Erikson, Sadie Spencer, Helen Gib- 
 bons, Alma Wolfe, Margaret Davies, H. 
 Nealy, F. L. Hurt and L. H. Macdonald; 
 candy table, Mrs. S. J. Scherer; home made 
 cake table, Mrs. R. G. Spencer and the " In 
 
 Memoriam" branch, of Brooklyn, Miss M. 
 de Comps and small cliildren. Miss Vic- 
 torine Hayes will sing during the evening. 
 The bazaar will open at two o'clock and 
 continue until midnight. 
 
CHAPTER XV 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS 
 
 Type of story. Although most local events have been included in the 
 various classes of stories discussed in preceding chapters, there remain 
 several forms of city news that require separate consideration. Much inter- 
 esting, timely information is to be found in schools, public Ubraries, museums, 
 parks, and various departments of city government. As activities supported 
 by public money, these institutions should be of interest to every citizen. 
 Real estate, building, manufacturing, and business matters also furnish 
 news of considerable interest and importance. Besides this information, 
 there are many little incidents in the daily hfe of every city that have no 
 significance as news but that can be written up as entertaining stories. 
 Hotels, railroad stations, docks, and street cars are frequently the scenes of 
 little comedies and tragedies that the reporter with keen insight into human 
 life and with ability to portray them, turns into readable sketches. Animals 
 no less than persons may be the central figures in these stories. 
 
 Purpose. The aim in one class of these local stories is to furnish timely, 
 significant information in attractive form concerning pubUc institutions and 
 business activities. The purpose of the other class is to entertain the reader 
 with little glimpses of the life of the city. Constructive journaUsm under- 
 takes to stimulate the interest of every citizen in municipal affairs and in 
 public institutions by putting prominently before him from time to time 
 significant information about them. 
 
 The utmost accuracy in presenting information of public affairs and 
 business matters, it is needless to say, is absolutely essential. It is important 
 to maintain the same standard of truthfulness in writing entertaining feature 
 stories, not because their contents are of vital importance, but because a 
 newspaper, in order to command the confidence of its readers, cannot pre- 
 sent an3rthing in its news columns that is not true. Fictitious details are 
 no more justifiable in feature stories than in news stories. 
 
 Treatment. In order to interest the average reader in news of various 
 municipal activities it is necessary to make the stories attractive in form 
 and style. Striking facts and figures or unusual statements, featured at the 
 
MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS 
 
 233 
 
 beginning, catch the reader's eye and lead him to read the story as long as 
 its subject matter and style interest him. Effective use of statistics and com- 
 parisons is shown in the story "Public Schools Open," p. 233. Two stories 
 that begin with unusual statements are those entitled "School for Backward 
 Children," p. 235, and "New Feature in Manufacturing," p. 243. 
 
 Since there is practically no news interest in entertaining feature stories, 
 the reader's attention is attracted and held by the way in which the story 
 is told. Narrative and descriptive beginnings, conversation, suspense, humor 
 and other devices used in short stories and novels are well adapted to these 
 news stories. 
 
 Note — The following story was published 
 some years before the European War. 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOLS OPEN 
 
 New York World 
 
 There trooped into the public schools of 
 New York yesterday an army without 
 weapons that in numbers exceeded the 
 great military force of the German Empire, 
 with its 613,000 fighting men; that was 
 greater than the standing army of France, 
 with its force of 529,000 available soldiers, 
 and that more than doubled Great Brit- 
 ain's defenders. 
 
 The school-house doors of the consoli- 
 dated city were thrown open to 625,000 
 pupils, commanded by 17,000 teachers, or 
 a greater number of commanders than now 
 direct the movements of the combined mil- 
 itary forces of the three powerful nations 
 in the world. 
 
 The United States Army, with its 70,000 
 men and officers, is a little more than one- 
 tenth of this multitude. The entire budget 
 of the War Department, which includes a 
 vast expenditure outside of actual expense 
 for the maintenance of the army posts in 
 time of peace, was $103,000,000 last year. 
 New York's Board of Education, which in 
 1907 spent $19,845,870 for teachers' sala- 
 ries alone, has asked this year for $31,641,- 
 326.75 to carry out its plans for providing 
 additional accommodations for pupils. 
 
 The maintenance on a peace footing of 
 Japan's army of 220,000 men, which is a 
 
 Uttle more than one-third of New York'3 
 army of school children, will cost $35,000,- 
 000 or $40,000,000 at the most. The pay of 
 a New York Superintendent of Schools is 
 greater than the pay of a German general, 
 and only slightly below that of a British 
 commander of equal rank. 
 
 The eight associate superintendents in 
 New York command larger brigades than 
 any of the officers of equal rank in France, 
 Germany or Austria-Hungary. 
 
 Public School No. 1, which is located in 
 the most populous centre in the city — 
 Catherine, Oliver and Henry streets — and 
 which has 2,800 pupils on its roster, was 
 thrown open at 9 o'clock yesterday morn- 
 ing. There is no other school like it in 
 Manhattan, and its opening always has 
 attracted the interest of educators. 
 
 In the boys' department, during exer- 
 cises, the principal cautioned the boys that 
 only boys over ten would be allowed to sell 
 newspapers, after school hours, and that 
 each must get a license to do it. 
 
 "We are exceedingly crowded in the 
 first grade," said Mr. Veit, "but I do not 
 think the school has greatly increased in 
 numbers. The removal of houses for the 
 erection of the Manhattan end of the 
 Manhattan Bridge has taken out many 
 families. 
 
 "We have four Chinese boys in this 
 school. Teachers would never have ner- 
 vous prostration if they had Chinese boys 
 to teach. They have great respect and 
 reverence for their teachers." 
 
234 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 All registration figures were broken in 
 the Bronx, and when the schools opened 
 every seat was filled. At the Morris High 
 School, One Hundred and Sixth street and 
 Boston road, of which John H. Denbeigh 
 is principal, there were about three hun- 
 dred new applicants. Mr. Denbeigh ex- 
 pects there will be about two thousand 
 seven hundred pupils. 
 
 There was a distinct innovation in the 
 inauguration of a school for deaf mutes in 
 the old High School Building, at No. 235 
 East Twenty-third street. Superintendent 
 Maxwell is greatly interested in the pro- 
 spective work of the school. Although 
 there are many deaf mute children, un- 
 schooled, in New York City, there were 
 only sixty-five registered yesterday, owing 
 to the fact that few persons knew that a 
 deaf mutes' school was to be opened. 
 
 Annie Hamilton, "stone deaf," who a 
 year ago could not distinguish a word or 
 articulate a sound, was brought to the new 
 school by an older brother. 
 
 Miss Regan extended her hand to the 
 child and said: "Good morning, Annie; 
 how are you?" 
 
 "Very well, thank you," the child re- 
 plied, indistinctly. 
 
 Miss Regan smiled and shook her head. 
 Then she placed a finger at the child's tho- 
 rax and indicated that the vibrations were 
 not as they should be. 
 
 "What is your name? " she asked. 
 
 "Annie Hamilton." This time the reply 
 was quite plain. 
 
 The questions of the teacher were un- 
 derstood by the reading of the lips. 
 
 NEW SCHOOLS 
 Chicago Herald 
 
 Two agencies designed to add to a boy's 
 "chance in the world" were opened in 
 Chicago yesterday. One of them intends to 
 train children in the rudiments of the art 
 of earning a living; the other hopes to re- 
 claim those who, through lack of economic 
 equipment, have stumbled and fallen. 
 
 The first is the Pullman Free School of 
 Manual Training, created under the terms 
 
 of the will of George M. Pullman, million- 
 aire car builder. The second is the voca- 
 tional school for prisoners at the bride- 
 well. 
 
 Ninety children, two-thirds of whom 
 were boys, enrolled at the Pullman school. 
 It is designed to provide free industrial 
 training for those to whom circumstances 
 otherwise might have denied it. 
 
 The bridewell school is operated in con- 
 junction with the psychopathic hospital. 
 Its plans were explained yesterday by John 
 L. Whitman, superintendent of the prison. 
 
 "Many of the petty offenders against 
 law are mental defectives," he said. "Lack- 
 ing mental grasp and manual efficiency, 
 they soon find that the industrial world has 
 no place open for them. The next step is 
 crime. His sentence at the bridewell over, 
 the boy returns to the world. Thus society 
 punishes without removing the cause of the 
 individual's wrongdoing. 
 
 "By opening this school we hope so to 
 train these boys that when they return to 
 the world they will, by virtue of the train- 
 ing received at the bridewell, have at least 
 the chance to do right." 
 
 The enrollment at the bridewell school 
 yesterday was twenty-five. It is a small 
 beginning for a big ideal. The Pullman 
 school is a big beginning for an even more 
 worthy ideal — making the need of " reclaim- 
 ing" unnecessary. 
 
 Mr. Pullman's will contained a bequest 
 of $1,250,000, to be used as a trust fund for 
 the establishment of the school, his life's 
 dream. Trustees under the will invested 
 the money wisely, for it since has grown 
 until at present it aggregates more than 
 $3,000,000. 
 
 Under the terms of the bequest the school 
 is open free to "the children of persons liv- 
 ing in or employed at Pullman." Thus its 
 benefits are not restricted to children of 
 employes of the Pullman Company. 
 
 The courses to be taught will include 
 cabinet work, pattern-making, black- 
 smithing, foundry work, machine shop 
 work, electric construction and steam and 
 electric operating, engineering, English, 
 mathematics, drawing and household arts 
 and sciences. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS 
 
 235 
 
 SCHOOL FOR BACKWARD 
 CHILDREN 
 
 Kansas City Star 
 
 "Dummy! Dummy! Gee, but you're a 
 dummy!" 
 
 There are from 1,500 to 2,000 "diun- 
 mies" in the public schools of Kansas City, 
 it is estimated. They are the boys and girls 
 who can't have anything "drummed into 
 their heads" and so are the laughing stock 
 of their classmates. Between five and six 
 hundred of them are feeble minded. A 
 large per cent of the "dummies," however, 
 are not all around "dummies" and might 
 be saved from becoming feeble minded and 
 a menace to society. 
 
 "What are you going to do with them?" 
 
 That is the question Dr. E. L. Mathias, 
 chief probation officer, is asking Kansas 
 City. 
 
 "Kansas City has got to wake up to the 
 situation," said Doctor Mathias yesterday 
 afternoon, in discussing the report of the 
 Juvenile Protective Association of Chicago. 
 A resume of the report was printed in The 
 Star of June 10. In that article the state- 
 ment was made by one authority that the 
 menace of the feeble minded w^as even 
 more grave than a foreign war or a native 
 pestilence. 
 
 "Kansas City is sixteen years behind the 
 times in taking up this problem," continued 
 Doctor Mathias. "Boston was the first 
 city to provide special training for its back- 
 ward and feeble minded children. Other 
 cities have followed suit and Kansas City 
 must do the same. If numerous surveys in 
 other cities have revealed a ratio of one 
 feeble minded person to every 250 it is 
 reasonable to suppose that a like condition 
 exists in Kansas City. 
 
 "Most of the backward children in the 
 schools are retarded by some physical de- 
 fect or taint of feeble mindedness. A very 
 small number of the mental defectives 
 ought to be in institutions. But the largest 
 per cent of the retarded children could be 
 saved by being given special training in 
 separate classes. 
 
 "The entire problem of the feeble minded 
 is even more serious. Little can be done 
 
 with the adults, except to place them in 
 institutions. Yet much can be done with 
 the present generation by directing the 
 minds of the mental defectives into useful 
 channels so that they will not become a 
 burden on the community and a menace 
 to society." 
 
 The board of education is considering 
 the problem and probably will start next 
 fall in a small way with a separate class 
 room and expert teachers. 
 
 READING IN SCHOOLS 
 Christian Science Monitor 
 
 Reading is to be given especial attention 
 in the public schools of Boston again this 
 winter in the hope that next June will see 
 the finest lot of readers the schools of the 
 city have ever produced. 
 
 Five points are to be especially observed: 
 1. Correct pronunciation of words at an 
 acceptable rate of speed; 2. Expression of 
 the meaning of what is read; 3. Distinct 
 reading; 4. Pleasing use of the voice; 5. 
 Ability to get the meaning of what is read 
 silently. 
 
 Silent reading abiUty is to be made a 
 point of special attention, as it calls for the 
 application of the child's mind to definite 
 reasoning, which will in turn develop his 
 mental powers. 
 
 In a circular now being sent out to mas- 
 ters of elementary districts by the assistant 
 superintendent in charge, Mrs. EUor Car- 
 hsle Ripley, and approved by Superintend- 
 ent Dyer, they are requested to repeat this 
 year the general plan pursued last year for 
 increasing the interest in oral reatUng. They 
 are then asked to devise ways and means 
 of increasing the child's power to get ideas 
 from paragraphs read silently. The result 
 is expected to be two fold — to make more 
 intelligent and pleasing oral reading, and 
 to develop in children a fondness for read- 
 ing when it is done without the companion- 
 ship of others. 
 
 As last year there are to be reading con- 
 tests. On two occasions in the course of 
 this school year in all grades above the 
 third the children will hear, in their school 
 
236 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 hall or some other selected place, readers 
 from their respective rooms. These read- 
 ers are to be selected by means that will 
 tend to improve the reading of all the pupils. 
 
 It is desired that the first series of read- 
 ings will be concluded by Dec. 23 of this 
 year, and that the second series be held 
 during the week beginning March 27 next. 
 
 No centralized arrangement will be made 
 this year for sending trained readers to the 
 schools, but as all colleges of reading have 
 expressed themselves as very ready to 
 co-operate with the schools, it is believed 
 the masters can secure readers at desired 
 times. 
 
 Inter-district readings will begin April 
 25 and continue to June 1. Each school is 
 requested to send one reader and one alter- 
 nate reader to the inter-district reading as- 
 signed to his school. At these readings 
 each child will be allowed three minutes for 
 reading a familiar section supplied by his 
 school. Sight reading will also be furnished 
 and brief tests of silent reading will be 
 made. 
 
 READING TESTS IN SCHOOLS 
 Chicago Herald 
 
 In the little red schoolhouse, if Johnnie 
 was slow in reading he was put in a corner, 
 where he held a ponderous volume, if he 
 escaped corporal punishment. 
 
 Now if Johnnie is a pupil in the elemen- 
 tary department of the school of education 
 at the University of Chicago he is sent to 
 the reading clinic of Dr. C. Truman Gray. 
 
 Dr. Gray, former reading expert at the 
 University of Texas, has been selected by 
 Director Charles H. Judd to conduct an 
 investigation here financed by the general 
 education board of New York. Dr. Abra- 
 ham Flexner, head of the Rockefeller edu- 
 cational body, is watching the investiga- 
 tion with interest. 
 
 At Dr. Gray's clinic Johnnie will spend 
 half an hour a day for five days. After 
 Johnnie's teacher has given Dr. Gray all 
 the information she can about his vision, 
 hearing, breathing and attention Johnnie 
 will be given some reading tests. 
 
 When Johnnie has read several prose se- 
 lections, each of increased difficulty; several 
 bits of poetry of a similar gradation, and a 
 bit of oratory he will be given a set of 
 printed questions, to which he will write the 
 answers, and then a number of printed 
 stories, which he will read and reproduce. 
 
 A careful record of Johnnie's time and 
 his number of errors on each of these experi- 
 ments will be kept. 
 
 Then Johnnie will be ready for the ma- 
 chines. He will be taken into a darkened 
 room and a printed selection will be pro- 
 jected on a screen. As Johnnie reads the 
 selection a blank phonograph record will 
 record his performance, an elaborate cam- 
 era will take pictures of his eye movements, 
 and an instrument fastened over his chest 
 will record his breathing. 
 
 A camera shutter device on the project- 
 ing machine will make it possible for the 
 light to be shut off the screen at any point, 
 and the number of words he can recall be- 
 yond the word he was pronouncing when 
 the selection disappeared will show the 
 area of his attention. 
 
 From the careful examination of these 
 records Dr. Gray hopes to arrive at the 
 causes of poor reading and to find reme- 
 dies. 
 
 Dr. E. M. Freeman of the faculty of the 
 school of education is conducting a parallel 
 investigation into the teaching of writing 
 in the school. 
 
 MEDICAL INSPECTION 
 
 New York Globe 
 
 The medical inspection of the public 
 school children is unsatisfactory, according 
 to the local school board of District 29, 
 Brooklyn. This district lies within Flushing 
 avenue, Marcy avenue, Myrtle avenue, 
 Tompkins avenue, Lexington avenue, Sum- 
 ner avenue, Fulton street, Albany avenue, 
 Eastern Parkway, Washington avenue, 
 Fulton street, and Waverly avenue. The 
 members of the board have been "keeping 
 tabs" on the doctors sent to the schools by 
 the Board of Health. They have found lit- 
 tle imiformity in the work, some visits 
 
MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS 
 
 237 
 
 lasting only a few minutes, and others a 
 whole afternoon, while anywhere from nine 
 to thirty pupils have been examined. 
 
 As a result of the investigation, the local 
 board has submitted a report to the Board 
 of Education suggesting that a more defin- 
 ite method of examination be required of 
 the visiting physicians. The board states 
 that it "found that there is no uniformity in 
 their methods, except that they call daily 
 at the schools assigned to them. The calls 
 vary from five minutes to one and a half 
 hours, and the number of children exam- 
 ined from one or two or none, to twenty or 
 thirty per day. Some of the physicians visit 
 the classrooms, and others see only the 
 children who are reported by the teachers 
 as needing attention." 
 
 This is the second criticism of the medi- 
 cal inspection received by the Board of 
 Education this summer, the first coming 
 from the Principals' Association of the City 
 of New York, which forwarded resolutions 
 to the effect "that the medical supervision 
 of our schools is incomplete and generally 
 unsatisfactory." 
 
 While there is no marked indication of 
 such an outcome at the present time, it 
 would not be at all surprising if an attempt 
 were made by certain of the members of 
 the Board of Education to induce the board 
 to take steps to take over the control of the 
 medical inspection by establishing a depart- 
 ment of school hygiene. This has been ad- 
 vocated by City" Superintendent Maxwell 
 and by Dr. Luther H. Gulick, director of 
 physical training. While not as yet ap- 
 proved by the Board of Education, the 
 proposition is under consideration by the 
 Charter Revision Commission. 
 
 The recent criticisms of medical school 
 inspection bear out those published by Dr. 
 Maxwell in his latest annual report, in 
 which he declared that "existing physical 
 examinations made by the Department of 
 Health are generally inadequate, and even 
 when they are adequate are not followed 
 by the desired results." In support of this 
 statement Dr. Maxwell quoted from prin- 
 cipals' reports to show that in only 248 
 schools — less than half the total number — 
 were any examinations made for physical 
 
 defects — as distinguished from examina- 
 tions to detect contagious disease. In these 
 248 schools not more than one-third of the 
 pupils were examined. It is only a few 
 months since any examinations for physical 
 defects were made outside of the boroughs 
 of Manhattan and the Bronx, and then only 
 because of the criticisms emanating from 
 the New York committee of physical wel- 
 fare of school children. 
 
 PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 Milwaukee Sentinel 
 
 "In the thirty-seven years' history of 
 the Milwaukee public library we have never 
 been able to trace a single case of conta- 
 gious disease to a library book that had 
 been passed from a home in which the 
 disease existed to one hitherto free." 
 
 This was the reply of J. V. Cargill, as- 
 sistant librarian of the Milwaukee public 
 library, to Dr. John Dill Robertson, health 
 commissioner of Chicago, who has expressed 
 the belief that hbrary books are a medium 
 for spreading such diseases as grippe, soi'e 
 throat, measles, whooping cough, small pox, 
 diphtheria, scarlet fever, tuberculosis and 
 erysipelas. Dr. Robertson has sent a letter 
 to Librarian Henry E. Legler of the Chi- 
 cago public library asking co-operation in an 
 effort to stamp out any danger of spreading 
 diseases in this way. 
 
 According to Mr. Cargill every possi- 
 ble effort is made by the Milwaukee 
 hbrary to prevent the spread of disease. 
 In this the officials co-operate with the Mil- 
 waukee health department. Daily lists of 
 the homes in which contagious disease is 
 found are furnished to the library, and 
 books that are returned from such homes 
 are fumigated in a large vault at the main 
 hbrary. When a health inspector visits a 
 home in which there is contagious disease, 
 one of his first questions is whether or not 
 there are library books. If such books are 
 foimd the cards identifying them are re- 
 moved by the inspector and mailed to the 
 library, according to Mr. Cargill. When the 
 patient recovers and the health depart- 
 ment fumigates the house, the hbrary 
 
238 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 books are also fumigated as an added pre- 
 caution. 
 
 The average book passing from home to 
 home is never fumigated or otherwise dis- 
 infected, Mr. Cargill admitted, but he ex- 
 pressed doubt that any diseases were spread 
 by such books. 
 
 Among the ways in which Dr. Robertson 
 of Chicago says disease may be spread are 
 the following: Dampening the fingers to 
 turn pages, placing books open side down- 
 ward upon a bed, coughing or sneezing 
 upon the pages or giving books to convales- 
 cent patients. 
 
 MUSEUM 
 New York Times 
 
 Rain gods, storm charms, rattles to 
 make the thunder come, strange amulets 
 which invite the lightning, more than five 
 hundred devices in all which the Zuni In- 
 dians believe open up the sluice-ways of the 
 skies, were unpacked early j-esterday morn- 
 ing at the American Museum of Natural 
 History. 
 
 They had just come from New Mexico, 
 where they had been collected for the mu- 
 seum by Dr. A. L. Kroeber of the Univer- 
 sity of California, who at great trouble and 
 expense had induced the bad weather gods 
 to come east. About the time the lid came 
 off the first packing case the wind carried 
 sheets of water against the attic where the 
 collection is now on view and the tempest 
 howled and shrieked until the little rain 
 gods themselves shook under the hurly 
 burly out-of-doors. The water god. Long 
 Horn, rolled over to where the flower god 
 was lying, and shook himself for very joy, 
 for he felt that the man tribe of this great 
 city would certainly be very thankful for 
 all the downpour. 
 
 It is so dry in the venerable town of the 
 cliff dwellers, Zuni, that most of the time 
 the streets are filled with dust, and top 
 stories of the old cliff dwellings powder up 
 and blow away in all directions. The In- 
 dians have lived there for 365 years with- 
 out being in any way affected by the man- 
 ners and customs of the white men, accord- 
 
 ing to Dr. Kroeber, who has just come from 
 a residence of several months among them. 
 Even though the United States Govern- 
 ment has made a big reservoir and dug irri- 
 gation ditches for the Zunis, they still keep 
 up their primitive worship, which revolves 
 around the prayer, "Gods, give us rain." 
 As the tribe lives almost entirely upon the 
 maize it raises, the ceremonies of rain- 
 making bear an important part in its life. 
 Most of the conversation of the Zunis con- 
 sists of "Do you think there will be a 
 shower? " and "Neighbor, how is your corn 
 gro-n-ing?" 
 
 In many centuries there has been built 
 up a ritual for the worship of the sky gods 
 which is very intricate and mysterious and 
 includes many secret observances. The 
 study which Professor Kroeber has made 
 is a very important one, for he will be able 
 to describe observances about which little 
 has been known. Many of the sacred sym- 
 bols in his possession were acquired after 
 much trouble and not a little risk, for the 
 Zunis have an unwritten law that no white 
 man is to have any of the objects used in 
 their ceremonies, and that any one parting 
 with them is entitled to have his throat 
 cut. 
 
 The rain gods are dressed in fantastic 
 garb, and the clash of their primitive hues 
 can be heard at a great distance. One of 
 the symbols of the lightning is a blue pan- 
 tagraphlike arrangement of lattice work 
 which suddenly opens out to represent the 
 quick discharge of the bolts of the gods. 
 There are charms made like the forked 
 flashes placed over the doors to invite the 
 showers. In the great dances the partici- 
 pants wear wooden headgear carved to 
 represent cloud forms and the moon and 
 stars. Every creature which loves the wet 
 is worked into the symbolism of Zuni wor- 
 ship. There are tadpoles, frogs, tm-tles, 
 ducks, and geese, all of which are repre- 
 sented by the masks worn when the 
 invocations to the gods of the rain are 
 given. 
 
 There are rattles made of shells, which, 
 attached to the knees, make a prodigious 
 noise. Peculiar spindle-like devices at- 
 tached to long thongs may be swung about 
 
MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS 
 
 239 
 
 the head until they give a sound which to 
 the Zuai imagination suggests the roll of 
 thunder. One of the most valuable articles 
 of the new collection is a bowl, probably of 
 the period before Columbus came to this 
 continent, which is notched all around with 
 a step-like device, typifying the clouds and 
 adorned with raised figures of fish and poUi- 
 wogs and ducks. It is filled with water 
 when the rain dances are given, and a mass 
 of suds is made in it by adding soap weed. 
 The priest stirs up the mixture with his 
 hands, and the lather brimming over the 
 sides of the bowl gives the effect of fleecy 
 clouds. 
 
 The collection, which is one of the most 
 important ever brought out of the South- 
 west, is to be arranged by Dr. Kroeber, 
 who has obtained a leave of absence from 
 the University of California for that pur- 
 pose. He was kept in the Museum all day 
 by the snow, sleet, and rain. 
 
 MUNICIPAL IMPROVEMENTS 
 
 Boston Transcript 
 
 Traffic conditions are regarded as so dan- 
 gerous at the corner of Tremont and School 
 streets, on account of the laying of the 
 high-pressure pipes, that the mayor has 
 ordered the contractor to work night and 
 day, with forces as large as practicable, 
 imtil the work is finished. 
 
 The mayor was informed of the situation 
 when he arrived at City Hall this morning 
 and immediately made a personal inspec- 
 tion. He found large piles of dirt at each 
 corner of School street and wagons used by 
 the contractor so placed in receiving their 
 loads that at times it was practically im- 
 possible for vehicular traffic to move at all. 
 School street is one of the one-way thor- 
 oughfares and the volume of traffic that 
 moves into it at the corner of Tremont, 
 from both Tremont and Beacon streets, is 
 very large at certain times of the day. 
 Under the best conditions dangers are daily 
 presented with swiftly moving automobiles 
 coming down Beacon Hill, either to make 
 the turn or to move straight ahead. It will 
 probably be necessary to close School street 
 
 some time this week, and, in fact, many 
 persons declared today that such an order 
 might prevent a serious accident, with con- 
 ditions continuing as they are at present. 
 
 The laying of the high-pressure pipes 
 along Tremont street has been anything 
 but agreeable to the contractor. The vari- 
 ous undergroimd wires and conduits of the 
 public service corporations are orcUnarily 
 well placed in the files, but the ground be- 
 neath the asphalt of this thoroughfare con- 
 tained numerous obstacles which were not 
 anticipated by the city engineers who 
 planned for the new system. 
 
 At the corner of Tremont and Boylston 
 streets the contractor found that, in order 
 to carry the pipes in accordance with the 
 blue prints, a huge two-foot main conduit 
 of the gas company would have to be 
 shifted. This caused much delay and it 
 will be weeks before the changes will be 
 made to satisfy the city authorities. To- 
 day a large space on the surface was 
 boarded. Then followed the every-day 
 difficulties encountered by the laborers in 
 digging up the ties of the old street rail- 
 way, which were not removed when the 
 line was banished from the street. 
 
 Today the laborers met with a still greater 
 surprise when they encountered solid rock, 
 brick and concrete obstructions far beneath 
 the surface, and also deeply imbedded piles 
 which had remained in the earth for scores 
 of years and which do not appear on any 
 blue print of the street that the City Hall 
 records contain. It was learned, however, 
 that the tunnels of brick and concrete were 
 parts of an old steam-heating system in- 
 stalled many years ago by a company that 
 planned to heat buildings at much less cost 
 to the occupants than could possibly be 
 done by individual plants. These opera- 
 tions were of short duration, and when 
 they were given up, the city authorities 
 failed to oblige the removal of the tunnels, 
 which are eight feet beneath the surface 
 and of no hindrance to the other under- 
 ground works. 
 
 The laborers are also digging up today 
 the remnants of the physical property of the 
 old Massachusetts Telephone Company, 
 which existed nearly twenty years ago. 
 
240 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 MUNICIPAL WORK 
 
 Springfield Republican 
 
 Co-operation between the city and the 
 public service corporations to a greater 
 extent than before in order to prevent the 
 tearing up of newly laid pavement is ex- 
 pected to result from the Dickinson-street 
 case, in which a pavement that has been 
 down only two years is being broken open 
 so that the United electric light company 
 can put in its conduits. Samuel L. Wheeler, 
 inspector of underground wires and con- 
 duits, who prescribes what wires shall be 
 put underground each year, will try to 
 place before the public service associates 
 the plans for his work a year or more in 
 advance. Thus the companies will have a 
 chance to get their wires underground 
 before the streets are paved. 
 
 Mr Wheeler is obliged by law to order 
 a mile of wire put underground each year 
 in order that eventually all wires within a 
 two-mile radius of the City hall shall be 
 underground. In his 15 years of work this 
 is the first time that such a situation as 
 that on Dickinson street has arisen. Super- 
 intendent Fred H. Clark of the department 
 of streets and engineering said yesterday 
 that no one is really to blame, since the 
 street had to be paved when it was, and it 
 was impossible at the time to order the 
 wires underground before the paving was 
 put down. The electric light company has 
 expressed its wallingness to co-operate in 
 every way that it can. The supervisors 
 have ordered the paving of Pine street and 
 between Cedar and Walnut streets the 
 company's wires are still above ground. 
 Although Mr Wheeler has not ordered 
 these wires to be put underground, the 
 company has said it will try to get them 
 under even though its appropriation for 
 this work has been made for the year. 
 
 The supervisors and the street railway 
 oflBcials will confer tliis afternoon to plan 
 for the relaying of tracks so that the work 
 will precede street paving. The company 
 intends to relay its tracks on Main street 
 between the arch and the car barns and on 
 Chestnut street between Allendale street 
 and Jefferson avenue. Paving is to be done 
 
 on these streets but it will follow the track 
 work. The company does not want to 
 relay its tracks on State street near the 
 New England railroad, however, although 
 the city wants to pave there, and a similar 
 situation may arise on other streets where 
 the company thinks its tracks good for a 
 year or two longer. It is to consider these 
 situations that the conference will be held. 
 
 NEW MUNICIPAL EQUIPMENT 
 
 Boston Transcript 
 
 Bursting water mains are not so great a 
 menace in Boston since the water depart- 
 ment installed a motor truck with a power 
 apphance for quickly closing the heavy 
 gates. Work which formerly required four 
 men, laboring continuously for forty-five 
 minutes, can be done in ten minutes by 
 using the power of the truck. This mechan- 
 ical device, an invention of George H. 
 Finneran, superintendent of the distribu- 
 tion branch of the water department, not 
 only conserves the water supply and re- 
 duces the damage due to breaks, but per- 
 mits of rapid regulation of water volume 
 at fires, facilitates the testing of gates and 
 relieves the anxiety always attending de- 
 rangement or damage to the water system. 
 
 In one of Boston's most important thor- 
 oughfares, lined with costly buildings, 
 there is a water main which, if completely 
 broken apart, would allow the escape of 
 50,000 gallons of water each minute. Con- 
 trolling this hne are gate valves thirty-six 
 inches in diameter which, in closing, re- 
 quire 307 turns of a gate wrench and, for- 
 merly, the services of four men for about 
 forty-five minutes. A few minutes' delay 
 sometimes meant the loss of life and thou- 
 sands of dollars. These gates, the largest 
 in the city, can now be closed in ten min- 
 utes by one man and the motor truck, 
 which was buUt for the purpose by the 
 White Company of Cleveland. 
 
 The truck is required to respond to fire 
 alarms and other emergencies w^here water 
 must be controlled to prevent lose or dam- 
 age. The calls are frequently overlapping, 
 and crews are on duty day and night. The 
 
MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS 
 
 241 
 
 runs vary from one block to the farthest 
 end of the water system. Under the old 
 scheme, when several gates had to be closed, 
 the few men available at night were almost 
 exhausted before shutting the last gate. 
 By its ability to work continuously the 
 truck has reheved the fear of being unable 
 to cope with any emergency. 
 
 The gate-closing device consists of a 
 universal wrench socket with a worm gear, 
 enclosed in an aluminum housing and 
 mounted on the running board of the truck, 
 so that it can be easily brought into posi- 
 tion immediately over a water-gate man- 
 hole. When the truck is in position a 
 wrench is slipped through the socket. This 
 wrench fits the nut on the gate-gear below. 
 The universal wrench socket, together with 
 a universal joint on the end of the wrench, 
 affords sufficient flexibility in case the 
 truck is not on level ground, or in case the 
 wrench socket is not directly over the gate 
 nut. It is an easy matter, however, for the 
 driver to bring his truck into the exact 
 position. 
 
 The worm gear is driven off the regular 
 transmission of the truck. The device is 
 operated by a lever placed upon the side 
 of the truck and easily accessible to the 
 driver. In closing gates the forward speeds 
 of the transmission are used. In opening 
 the reverse is used. All gears are made of 
 chrome or nickel steel. All bearings are 
 ball bearings. The aluminum housing is 
 firmly bolted to the frame of the chassis 
 and well braced to resist torque. The 
 wrench is a hollow square steel tube ter- 
 minating in a specially hardened steel 
 socket with universal joint between socket 
 and tube. 
 
 The gates are equipped with indicators 
 showing the position of the valve and in- 
 forming the operator when the valve is 
 seated or entirely opened. Where indica- 
 tors have not been attached to the gates a 
 counter is used. This counter is placed on 
 the end of the wrench recording the number 
 of its revolutions. This helps the operator 
 to determine when the valve is entirely up 
 or down. As a means of safety in the event 
 of the valve seating with force or before 
 the operator expected, a pin of known 
 
 strength, placed in the universal joint of 
 the wrench, breaks off and breaks the line 
 of force between the engine and the gate, 
 thus preventing damage to either the gate 
 or the gate-operating device. 
 
 SAFETY CAMPAIGN 
 
 New York Herald 
 
 With the belief that Long Island will be 
 the touring ground for more motor cars 
 this summer than ever before, largely on 
 account of the European war, James A. 
 McCrea, general manager of the Long 
 Island Railroad, has announced the begin- 
 ning of a campaign of sign display asking 
 the pubHc to co-operate with the railroad 
 in saving human life. 
 
 Enormous signs, 2^^x10 feet, electrically 
 illuminated at night, will be stretched 
 across the highways, in many cases at- 
 tached to the structure of the modern over- 
 head crossings, making a plea to the motor- 
 ists as they speed under them to be careful 
 in approaching and passing over the grade 
 crossings that still remain on the main 
 highways of the island. The railroad has 
 eliminated more than three hundred grade 
 crossings at an expense of 15 million dol- 
 lars, and yet fatal accidents occur in some 
 places where there is a wide open view of 
 the railroad in both directions. There are 
 still 631 grade crossings between New York 
 City and Montauk Point. Of these more 
 than three hundred are guarded by gate- 
 men, two at some points, at a cost to the 
 railroad of $25,000 a month. 
 
 Careful motorists do not combat in the 
 least the statement, frequently made by 
 the railroad officers, that many of the fatal 
 grade crossing accidents on Long Island 
 were the result, pure and simple, of the 
 motorists' recklessness. Many of them 
 drive too carelessly over the crossings, the 
 officers maintain, assuming all the time 
 that the locomotive driver is looking out for 
 them. Mutual watchfulness is observed in 
 the city, and it is contended that the same 
 should be true in the country. 
 
 Ten great signs already have been erected 
 at prominent points, where they cannot 
 
242 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 fail to attract the attention of motorists. 
 They are in black and white letters that 
 may be read several blocks away. They 
 caution : 
 
 THIS SIGN MAY SAVE YOUR LIFE TODAY. 
 
 All the precautions in the world 
 \\ill not save the lives of those who 
 drive automobiles recklessly over 
 railroad crossings. 
 
 When approaching a crossing please 
 stop, look and listen. 
 
 We are doing our part. Won't you 
 do yours? 
 
 LONG ISLAND RAILROAD. 
 
 Mr. McCrea says the grade crossing 
 problem has been a stupendous one, par- 
 ticularly since the advent of the motor car. 
 He is open to suggestions that will elimi- 
 nate the danger at any point and immedi- 
 ately accepted two that were made to him 
 by persons interested only in the safety of 
 the public in general. One was in reference 
 to a dangerous crossing, now guarded by 
 men and lights, but where the conforma- 
 tion of the ground so places the lights that 
 they are practically valueless as a warning. 
 The other was in reference to the color of 
 the gates used by the Long Island Railroad 
 and all others in this country. The univer- 
 sal custom in this countrj' is to paint the 
 gates white. 
 
 In Europe, particularly in Germany and 
 Austria, all the railroad gates, toll gates 
 and custom house gates are painted black 
 and white. They can be seen for long dis- 
 tances and are almost as easily observed 
 in the night as in the day. 
 
 Not only is the railroad putting up signs 
 calling the attention of motorists to the 
 danger of driving recklessly over grade 
 crossings; it will conduct an advertising 
 campaign with a series of "life saving bul- 
 letins." These will appear regularly and 
 will plead for greater care on the part of 
 motorists. One of its ' ' life saving bulletins " 
 will read in part: 
 
 Watch for the flagman's lantern. 
 Listen for the warning bell. 
 Slow down. 
 Look up and down the rails. 
 
 We are doing all that time and money 
 permits in abolishing grade crossings. 
 Will you help us end accidents by doing 
 your share? 
 
 BUSINESS MERGER 
 
 Milwaukee Sentinel 
 
 Through a deal involving about $400,000, 
 the Milwaukee- Western Fuel company has 
 bought out entirely the docks, property and 
 business of the Northwestern Fuel com- 
 pany's Milwaukee branch. 
 
 The big merger has been pending for a 
 year. Agreement was finally reached on 
 Wednesday, although details were not 
 arranged until Saturday. The Milwaukee- 
 Western will take full possession on Mon- 
 day. 
 
 It is in no sense a consolidation. As far 
 as Milwaukee business is concerned the 
 Northwestern Fuel company has ceased to 
 exist. As one of its Milwaukee officials 
 remarked after the deal was closed, "They 
 have swallowed us whole, head and tail." 
 
 The Northwestern company was one of 
 the oldest coal firms in Milwaukee, having 
 had offices here for thirty-two years. In 
 sales it did a yearly business in the city of 
 about $2,000,000. 
 
 The deal brings a great amount of valu- 
 able property into the hands of the Mil- m 
 waukee- Western Fuel company. Its bought 1 
 out rival had on hand about 75,000 tons of 
 coal. It possessed two large coal docks. 
 One, at the foot of W^ashington street, with 
 two slips on the Kinnickinnic river, is 
 1,000x500 feet in size. This dock is on the 
 Chicago and North-Western road. The 
 other is at the foot of Seventeenth street 
 and has 1,000 feet frontage on the Me- 
 nomonee river. It is on the Chicago, Mil- 
 waukee and St. Paul road. 
 
 The capacity of the two docks combined 
 is estimated at 150,000 tons of anthracite 
 and 200,000 tons of bituminous coal. Their 
 loading capacity aggregates 150 cars a day. 
 
 The Milwaukee offices of the North- 
 western Fuel company were at 152 Second 
 street. For a time they will be used by the 
 Milwaukee-Western company as a branch 
 
MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS 
 
 243 
 
 office. The Northwestern will also use 
 them until its affairs are settled. Whether 
 the offices will be continued as a branch of 
 the Milwaukee-Western Fuel company's 
 big offices at 14 Wisconsin street has not 
 yet been determined. 
 
 Under the terms of the deal the purchaser 
 will assume responsibility for all unfilled 
 contracts of the Northwestern company. 
 The Milwaukee- Western expects to be able 
 to give positions to nearly all the Milwau- 
 kee employes of the Northwestern. 
 
 The deal makes the Milwaukee- Western 
 Fuel company sole agents in this city for 
 the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western 
 road's Scranton anthracite and standard 
 hard coal, for which the Northwestern Fuel 
 company was also agent. 
 
 Officers of the Milwaukee-Western say 
 that the change will increase their com- 
 pany's business by from 300,000 to 400,000 
 tons yearly. 
 
 The headquarters of the Northwestern 
 Fuel company are in St. Paul, and it has 
 big docks in Duluth and Superior. Its chief 
 business lies in that section of the country. 
 This will remain unimpaired, for the present 
 deal affects only the Milwaukee branch. 
 
 The officers of the Milwaukee- Western 
 Fuel company are: President, Edward A. 
 Uhrig; vice president, Alexander Uhrig; 
 secretary and treasurer, Charles W. Moody. 
 
 NEW FEATURE IN MANUFAC- 
 TURING 
 
 Chicago Tribune 
 
 This is the story of a world war, a de- 
 spairing manufacturer, and a cow's ear. 
 
 The despairing manufacturer shall be 
 nameless here. In Chicago and all over the 
 country his name is well known as one of 
 the greatest makers of water color paint in 
 America. 
 
 The part taken by the world war is told 
 in the trade columns, where its effects on 
 industry in the United States have been 
 vividly shown. The cow's ear belonged to 
 a cow that may have been called " Boss" or 
 "Bess," but that isn't so important. 
 
 The agency that overcame the world 
 
 war, that soothed the manufacturer, that 
 found the cow's ear and introduced the 
 two shall receive its deserved mention — it 
 was the Chicago Association of Commerce. 
 
 It was more than a month ago that the 
 water coloV paint manufacturer came to the 
 civic industrial division of the Commerce 
 association and told of his business woes. 
 
 " We are about to shut down on account 
 of the war," he said. "We can send out 
 no more paint to our trade. For years we 
 have supplied them with an imported water 
 color paint brush with each box. 
 
 "The brushes are made in Germany. It 
 is a secret process. They use either camel's 
 hair or rabbit's hair of a fine quality. They 
 are excellent brushes. Our trade is demand- 
 ing them. We have none left. We can get 
 no more on account of the war. We shall 
 have to close down." 
 
 Anderson Pace, industrial commissioner 
 for the association, told the manufacturer 
 to hold on a little longer. He started in- 
 quiries in all lines known to the association. 
 The country was ransacked for imported 
 water color brushes, and all to no avail. 
 
 Then the investigators, right here in 
 Chicago, and without wasting a postage 
 stamp, got in communication with a stock- 
 yards savant who was the originator of the 
 boast that "none of the pig escaped but the 
 squeal." 
 
 "The most tender, delicate, yet strong 
 and soft hair in the world is to be found 
 only in a cow's ear," said the stockyards 
 genius. "Camel's hair and imported rab- 
 bit's hair can't touch it for quality. It 
 makes the best water color brushes that 
 can be made." 
 
 At the stockyards today men with 
 shears are snipping the tender hairs from 
 Bossy's ears as the bodies of the slain 
 animals are conveyed from the killing pens. 
 In New York a broker has made arrange- 
 ments with a brush manufacturer, who is 
 putting out an article that artists say fits 
 itself much more readily to the application 
 of water color than the old brushes im- 
 ported from Germany. 
 
 In Chicago the nameless great manu- 
 facturer of water color paint despairs no 
 more. His plant is running, his force is 
 
244 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 busy, his employes are happy, and the 
 orders are coming just the same as before 
 the war. 
 
 REAL ESTATE 
 Chicago Tribune 
 
 Another of the old exclusive homes in 
 the one time fashionable block on Prairie 
 avenue between Eighteenth and Nine- 
 teenth streets, is to be given over to busi- 
 ness uses, the Arthur Meeker residence at 
 1815, which has been purchased by D. C. 
 Heath & Co., school book publishers. The 
 conveyance was made by Mrs. Grace M. 
 Meeker, and a consideration of $35,000 is 
 named in the deed, which was filed for 
 record yesterday. 
 
 The house, which is a large, attractive 
 three story stone structure, was erected by 
 Joseph Sears about tliirty years ago, and 
 about ten years ago was purchased by Mr. 
 Meeker and extensively remodeled by him. 
 It contains twenty-one rooms. It occupies 
 a lot 75x140 feet extending back to a 
 twenty foot alley, and there is a large 
 garage in the rear. 
 
 The Heath company, which is the third 
 largest school book publishing house in 
 the country, and is now located in the 
 Studebaker building on South Wabash 
 avenue, will locate their business at their 
 Prairie avenue purchase about March 1, 
 using the house for their general offices, 
 and the garage, which will be enlarged, for 
 their stock room. The sale was negotiated 
 by Eugene A. Bournique & Co. 
 
 REAL ESTATE 
 
 Philadelphia Ledger 
 
 The six and a half acre plot of ground 
 at 5th and Cayuga streets, which has been 
 used as a picnic park for a number of 
 years, under the name of Central Park, 
 has been sold by S. C. Abernethy for 
 Joseph S. Slomkowski to a builder, who 
 will begin the work of developing the 
 ground in the spring by the erection of 
 about 30 houses on the 5th street front 
 
 and 65 houses on Reese street. The price 
 paid for the ground was close to $60,000. 
 Practically all of the tract has been sold 
 with the exception of a small section south 
 of Cayuga street. The seller reserves for 
 his own use a plot of ground 120 feet by 
 130 feet at the corner of 5th and Cayuga 
 streets, on which he will build a new hotel. 
 The ground sold has a frontage of more 
 than 700 feet on the west side of 5th street 
 to Annsbury street, with a frontage of 307 
 feet on Cayuga street to the North Penn 
 Railroad, and a frontage of 400 feet on the 
 north boundary. The sale is the largest 
 transaction in ground made in this section 
 of the city for several years. Central Park 
 has for years been a favorite picnic ground 
 during the summer, particularly with labor 
 organizations. 
 
 PROPOSED NEW HOTEL 
 
 Boston Transcript 
 
 Another large hotel, to cost about 
 $1,250,000, is to be erected in the retail 
 section of the city, at the corner of Wash- 
 ington and Avery streets. The Common- 
 wealth Associates, Inc., who acquired title 
 to the land last month, have let the con- 
 tract for the construction of an eleven- 
 story building to the Haynes Construction 
 Company. Clarence H. Blackall is the 
 architect and Hurd ■& Gore are the con- 
 sulting architects. Morse Brothers have 
 taken a lease of the hotel for a period of 
 twenty years. 
 
 With the exception of the Washington 
 street frontage and about 100 feet fronting 
 on Avery street, which will be used for 
 stores, the entire building will be devoted 
 to the purposes of a first-class commercial 
 hotel. On the first floor will be the office, 
 reading-room, large public dining-room 
 and buffet. In the basement, under the 
 corner of Haymarket place and Avery 
 street, there will be a rathskeller, entered 
 both from the hotel and from the street, 
 with the kitchens, serving-rooms, etc., in 
 the rear, under the hotel lobby. A sub- 
 basement will contain storerooms, machin- 
 ery, heating plant, etc. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS 
 
 245 
 
 The second floor -will be largely taken up 
 by another public dining-room, banquet- 
 room, etc., the remainder of the building 
 being given over to guest rooms, with the 
 exception of the eleventh story, which will 
 contain specially fitted sample-rooms for 
 commercial travellers. The rooms will be 
 unusually spacious, with convenient al- 
 coves for beds. Large windows ^\^11 light 
 the room proper and the alcove. The finish 
 will be of carefully selected Missouri red 
 gum, stained a rich mahogany. 
 
 The building will be fireproof in every 
 particular, and will be constructed in ac- 
 cordance with the most approved methods, 
 practically no wood being used except for 
 the doors and windows. All floors will be 
 of concrete, with tile and marble-finished 
 flooring in the public rooms and corridors, 
 tihng in all the bathrooms and carpets else- 
 where. The building will be heated and 
 ventilated in an approved manner and fur- 
 nished with all the electrical appliances. 
 The elevators and stairs will be centrally 
 located, so as to give immediate access to 
 all parts of the house. 
 
 The exterior will be of limestone and 
 brick in the style of the French Renais- 
 sance, which effect will be carried through 
 the decorations and finish of the principal 
 rooms. A broad marquise finished in 
 bronze will mark the entrance of the hotel 
 proper and extend along the whole front- 
 age. A service entrance will be at the rear 
 on Haymarket place. 
 
 Leases for the stores have already been 
 arranged on long terms with David H. 
 Posner and Goes & Young, both of whom 
 have stores in other parts of the city. The 
 Commonwealth Associates, Inc., owners of 
 the property, were organized through the 
 office of Codman & Street, Easton Build- 
 ing, with George U. Grocker, president; 
 Max Shoolman, vice president, and Gerald 
 G. E. Street, treasurer. 
 
 MUNICIPAL BOND SALE 
 
 Springfield Republican 
 
 City Treasurer E. T. Tifft yesterday sur- 
 prised himself and financial experts as well 
 
 by seUing a bond issue of $1,000,000 at re- 
 markably good terms, in spite of the tying 
 up of money by war conditions. The issue 
 was sold to N. W. Harris & Go of Boston, 
 who will pay the city a premium of $5670, 
 bringing the interest rate down to 4.30 per 
 cent. This rate is less than one-half of 1 
 per cent higher than the rate for last year's 
 issue, and congratulations are coming to 
 the city and to the city treasurer on this 
 success from many financial men who have 
 been looking with interest on this issue as 
 the first test of the bond market since the 
 war began. 
 
 The bid of the winning company was 
 100.567, while the second bid was made by 
 the Third national bank of this city offering 
 100.44. E. H. Rollins Sons, A. B. Leach & 
 Go, Perry, Coffin & Burr, and Blake Bros 
 & Go, all of Boston, made a joint bid for 
 the issue which was third, the bid being 
 100.176. Of the $1,000,000 there was 
 $200,000 on the municipal building loan 
 paying 4 per cent, and the remaining 
 $800,000 is in 41^ per cent bonds. The issue 
 was made up of the following loans: Muni- 
 cipal building loan, 20 years, 4 per cent, 
 $200,000; high school of commerce, 20 years, 
 4J^ per cent, $150,000; Fulton-street loan, 
 20 years, 4J^ per cent, $400,000; Myrtle- 
 street school addition, 20 years, 414 per 
 cent, $136,000; land for school, Franklin 
 and Greenwood streets, 20 years, 4}^ per 
 cent, $64,000; Brightwood school addition, 
 20 years, 4}4 per cent, $25,000; Walnut- 
 street engine house addition, 20 years, 
 4J4 per cent, $25,000; total, $1,000,000. 
 
 The rate at which these bonds were sold 
 shows that the state of the money market 
 is not as far from normal as was feared by 
 many people, and at the same time an 
 opportunity is given to local people to in- 
 vest in the city bonds at a price which will 
 bring them a better return than can be ob- 
 tained on the issues in usual times. These 
 bonds are tax exempt, the exemption ex- 
 tending to the federal income tax. Interest 
 on municipal bonds is collectible without 
 certificates of ownership and individuals 
 are not required to report the income to 
 the federal government. The successful 
 bidders, N. W. Harris & Go, are repres^ited 
 
246 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 in this city by Percy O. Dorr, who has offices 
 in the Massachusetts Mutual building. 
 
 The Boston News Bureau, commenting 
 on the sale, says: "The sale of $1,000,000 
 bonds to N. W. Harris & Co by the city of 
 Springfield to-day is striking evidence of a 
 revival of confidence in the bond market. 
 The bankers are offering the bonds on the 
 following bases: For the i}/2's, 1915 matur- 
 ity, 4^ per cent basis; 1916-1919, 4.20 per 
 cent basis; 1920-1934, 4.15 per cent basis. 
 For the 4's, 1915 maturity, 4J4 per cent 
 basis; 1916-1919, 4.20 per cent basis; 
 1920-1954, at 99. To gain some idea of 
 the attractive level at which these bonds 
 are being sold, compared with prices for 
 previous issues, it need only be remembered 
 that in 1913 the city obtained a 3.88 per 
 cent basis for an issue of bonds, a 3.81 per 
 cent basis in 1912 and a 3.51 per cent basis 
 in 1911. The current sale is the most im- 
 portant bit of public financing which has 
 been accomplished in the local market 
 since the war began. It is more than ordi- 
 narily significant that one of the biggest 
 New England banking houses should take 
 hold of this Springfield issue at a time when 
 the bond market is suffering more or less 
 from excessive timidity. It serves the dou- 
 ble purpose of providing for the financial 
 needs of one of New England's largest cit- 
 ies and of creating a little interest in the 
 bond market on a basis which is fair both 
 to the city and to the investor. There is 
 evidence of returning courage and confi- 
 dence." 
 
 RAILROAD DIVIDEND 
 
 Chicago Tribune 
 
 Directors of the Penns3dvania company 
 declared yesterday a semi-annual dividend 
 of 1 per cent as against the usual dividend 
 of 4 per cent at this time of the year. Since 
 1910 the Pennsylvania company has paid 
 7 per cent yearly, divided into two semi- 
 annual installments of 3 per cent in the 
 first half and 4 per cent in the second half 
 of the year. 
 
 The issued capital of the Pennsylvania 
 company is $80,000,000. The annual dis- 
 
 bursement has been, since 1910, $5,600,000 
 annually. This year, however, the com- 
 pany has declared only 4 per cent, or $3,200- 
 000, so that the reduced amount of dividends 
 is $2,400,000. 
 
 The Pennsylvania company operates all 
 the lines of the Pennsylvania system west 
 of Pittsburgh. All the stock of the Penn- 
 sylvania company is owned by the Penn- 
 sylvania Railroad company, and to the 
 latter corporation all the dividends have 
 been paid. 
 
 The outstanding capital stock of the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad company is $499,- 
 265,700. The annual dividends from the 
 Pennsylvania company have been equal to 
 something over 1 per cent on the capital 
 stock of the Pennsylvania Railroad com- 
 pany, and the cut made yesterday in divi- 
 dends is equal to about ^ per cent on the 
 railroad company's stock. The railroad 
 company pays its shareholders 6 per cent 
 per annum, this rate having obtained since 
 1908. The railroad company's earnings 
 last year, that is, 1913, were 8.02 per cent 
 on the share capital. 
 
 The 5 per cent raise in freight rates 
 granted by the interstate commerce com- 
 mission was denied to coal, coke and iron 
 ore. The coal and coke business of the 
 Pennsylvania system amounts to about 
 one-third of the company's gross business 
 and on that no advance will be received. 
 
 In connection with the reduction of the 
 Pennsylvania company's dividend, the di- m 
 rectors issued a statement saying that the " 
 cut was due "chiefly to a large decrease in 
 traffic and a material reduction in the rev- 
 enues of the lines west of Pittsburgh." 
 
 Meanwhile the directors of the Pittsburgh, 
 Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis, one of 
 the controlled lines of the Pennsylvania 
 company, met and decided not to consider 
 the semi-annual dividend distribution un- 
 tU the next meeting of the board, on Dec. 30. 
 
 RETAIL PRICE OF BEEF 
 Boston Herald 
 
 That there is no truth in the report em- 
 anating from Chicago to the effect that the 
 
MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS 
 
 247 
 
 record-breaking drought in Kansas will 
 cause the retail prices of beef to go to un- 
 heard of prices in the winter, is the decla- 
 ration of local provision dealers. It is their 
 opinion that, as the dry spell is only in cer- 
 tain sections of Kansas, it cannot affect 
 materially the prices in the East. 
 
 There has been no increase in prices 
 lately, they further declare, and certain 
 choice cuts are, in fact, a great deal lower 
 than at this time last year. The choicest 
 cuts in sirloin steak are more than 10 cents 
 lower than they were in 1912 and other cuts 
 are in the same proportion. 
 
 "There is no danger of the prices of beef 
 being raised in the winter in the East," de- 
 clared a local representative of a large 
 packing house. "There need be no fear 
 that the steady rush of cattle to the big live 
 stock markets of the middle West will ma- 
 terially raise the prices here. In fact, the 
 prices are lower on some cuts than last 
 year and I see no reason why they should 
 not continue to stand at the same price. 
 One must remember that the drought is 
 confined only to certain sections of the 
 state of Kansas and that other sections of 
 the country are not affected. If there is a 
 raise in prices it will be confined only to 
 those immediate regions where the drought 
 is." 
 
 That the packers are making fortunes 
 during the dry spell is also denied by the 
 local dealers. While live stock prices are to 
 a certain extent lower now, the wholesale 
 prices on the average have also decreased 
 and the housewife is getting the benefit of 
 it, is their assertion. They further declare 
 that the packers make a small profit at 
 best and also that the retailers' profit is 
 not great, as they have unusually heavy 
 expenses. 
 
 LOCAL MARKET PRICES 
 
 Boston Transcript 
 
 Peaches, peaches, and then more 
 peaches, meet the eye of the visitor to the 
 market section in these closing days of 
 summer. Little baskets, big baskets, 
 crates and carriers full of the luscious fruit 
 
 are displayed everywhere. Wholesale 
 prices are reasonable, as usual when the 
 crop is large, but prices at retail rarely fall 
 below a certain level. This is one of the 
 hard things for the layman to understand, 
 why a big crop does not bring low prices. 
 Wholesalers say that the retailers are to 
 blame, and the latter say that they cannot 
 afford to handle the fruit except with a gen- 
 erous margin of profit. The consumer thinks 
 that the retailer ought to be content with 
 something less than 100 per cent profit. 
 
 Current supplies of peaches are coming 
 from widely separated points. Few Cah- 
 fornia peaches are now offered, and most 
 of the Georgia crop has also been mar- 
 keted, but West Virginia, Maryland, New 
 Jersey and Connecticut are shipping freely 
 to this market. In late years much of the 
 New Jersey crop has been shipped into the 
 convenient markets of New York and Phil- 
 adelphia. In this market New Jersey 
 peaches have to compete sharply with 
 Connecticut grown fruit, and, as freights 
 from Connecticut are less than from New 
 Jersey, the former have a manifest advan- 
 tage. Freights and packing cost the New 
 Jersey farmer about 50 cents for an ordi- 
 nary peach basket, and more for a six bas- 
 ket carrier, which is now the favorite way 
 of shipping fine table fruit. As a full bas- 
 ket of Connecticut peaches can be had at 
 retail at 75 cents to $1, there is not much 
 margin for the more distant shipper. New 
 Jersey fruit does not stand up for shipping 
 so well as other varieties. 
 
 When one goes into the market for 
 peaches, one finds a wide variety of quali- 
 ties and packages. As a rule, early peaches 
 are clingstones and late peaches are free- 
 stones. The latter have manifest advan- 
 tages, but when they are desired care 
 should be taken to see that the buyer gets 
 what is wanted. One needs to remember 
 that freestones from Georgia and the South 
 may be selling side by side with clingstones 
 from farther North. Sweetness and flavor 
 should also be insisted upon, while it is al- 
 ways a mistake to buy half-rotten fruit 
 because it is cheap. By the dozen, good 
 peaches can be bought for 10 to 25 cents. 
 The small baskets that come in the carriers 
 
248 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 bring 40 to 50 cents, while old-fashioned 
 peach baskets sell at 75 cents to $1.25. 
 West Virginia is shipping peaches in bushel 
 baskets, a shape first made familiar by 
 Michigan shippers. That state has not yet 
 begun shipments, but they will come later. 
 These large baskets cost $1.25 to $1.75 
 wholesale, and about $1.50 to $2.25 at 
 retail. 
 
 Wliile peaches have the right of way at 
 this season, other fall fruits are being freely 
 offered, especially crabapples and plums. 
 "Crabs" were selling in North Market 
 street Wednesday at 50 cents a bushel, but 
 housekeepers are paying at the rate of $1.60 
 a bushel by the peck. Another case of 
 "quick sales and small profits"? Native 
 preserving plums are selling at 25 to 40 
 cents a basket. Damsons and damson 
 plums are in the market, and sell at 30 to 
 40 cents. This is a great year for New 
 England apple and plum orchards, and, in 
 fact, fruit of all kinds will be plentiful and 
 cheap. Exports of apples from this coun- 
 try are likely to be materially lessened by 
 the war, and the surplus fruit must be ab- 
 sorbed by home markets. Apple men are 
 talking $1 a barrel as probably the wholesale 
 price in this market later. Just now small 
 lots of apples are selling at 40 to 50 cents a 
 peck for cooking and 50 to 60 cents for table 
 fruit. 
 
 Blueberries from Nova Scotia and Prince 
 Edward Island are still in the market and 
 sell at IS to 20 cents, watermelons bring 50 
 to 60 cents each and canteloupes 8 to 10 
 cents each. California plums sell at 40 to 
 60 cents a basket, Bartlett pears at 20 to 30 
 cents a dozen, California grapes at 40 to 50 
 cents a basket for Malagas and seedless 
 and 50 to 60 cents for Tokays. Native 
 grapes sell at 15 to 20 cents for Dela wares 
 and black varieties. 
 
 Summer vegetables are in seasonable 
 supply, and low prices are quoted for most 
 varieties. Green corn is selling at 20 to 25 
 cents a dozen ears, early celery at 15 cents, 
 green peas at 65 to 75 cents a peck, string 
 beans at 5 to 8 cents a quart, shell beans at 
 8 cents for Limas and horticultural, cauli- 
 flower at 10 to 20 cents each, cucumbers at 
 5 cents each, egg plant at 15 to 20 cents, 
 
 tomatoes at 8 to 10 cents a pound, mush- 
 rooms at $1 to $1.25 a pound, white potatoes 
 at 25 to 30 cents a peck, sweet potatoes at 
 5 cents a poimd, onions at 8 cents a quart 
 for native, 8 cents a pound for Spanish 
 and 18 cents a quart for small white pick- 
 Ung, squash at 4 cents a pound for marrow, 
 5 cents each for summer and 20 to 25 cents 
 each for vegetable marrow, cabbage at 8 to 
 15 cents each, beets at 8 cents a quart, car- 
 rots at 3 cents a pound, turnips at 5 cents 
 and parsnips at 8 cents. Salad vegetables 
 are unchanged, lettuce still selling at 5 
 cents and other vegetables at 5 to 8 cents. 
 
 Prices of lamb have declined, and a cash 
 customer can now get a good hind leg or 
 hind-quarter at 22 cents, though a charge 
 customer who is particular about quality 
 will have to pay 25 cents. Forequarters are 
 selhng at 14 cents, sides at 20 to 21 cents, 
 loins at 25 cents and chops at 38 to 40 cents. 
 Mutton is unchanged at 18 cents for loins, 
 11 to 12 cents for forequarters, 25 to 28 
 cents for chops and 18 cents for "hung" 
 legs. Veal cuts are selling at 40 cents for 
 fillet, 45 cents for steak, 30 cents for chops 
 and 22 cents for loins. 
 
 Beef prices are easier at wholesale, but 
 retail prices are still firmly held at 33 to 38 
 cents for sirloin steak, 40 to 50 cents for 
 rump steak and 25 to 35 cents for round 
 steak. Roasting pieces sell at 35 cents for 
 the back of the rump, 25 cents for the face, 
 25 to 30 cents for the first cut of the rib and 
 20 to 25 cents for the second cut. Corned 
 pieces are selling at 25 cents for brisket, 18 
 cents for rib, 18 cents for the sticking piece 
 and 10 cents for flank. 
 
 Pork provisions are selling at 25 cents 
 for pork loins, 22 to 25 cents for whole 
 hams, 30 to 35 cents for sliced ham, 25 cents 
 for bacon, 17 cents for smoked, corned, 
 pickled and fresh shoulders, 15 cents for 
 salt pork, 22 to 25 cents for sausages, 16 
 cents for Frankfurters, 15 to 18 cents for 
 lard, 10 to 12 cents for pigs' feet, 12 to 20 
 cents for tripe, 25 to 30 cents for tongue, 45 
 cents for dried beef, 15 to 16 cents for beef 
 liver, 30 cents to $1 each for sweetbreads, 
 and 50 to 90 cents each for calves' Uver. 
 
 At the poultry stalls trade is quiet, as 
 usual at this season. Fall trade has not 
 
MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS 
 
 249 
 
 yet begun in earnest. Native roasting 
 chickens are selling at 35 cents, Western 
 chickens at 28 cents, Philadelphia capons 
 at 38 cents. Western capons at 30 to 32 
 cents, native broilers at 30 cents, Western 
 broilers at 28 cents, hothouse broilers at 
 $1.25 a pair, frozen turkeys at 30 to 32 
 cents, native fowl at 25 cents, Western 
 fowl at 23 to 25 cents, spring ducklings at 
 25 cents, spring geese at 28 cents, broiler 
 turkeys at $3 to $3.50 a pair, squab at 35 to 
 50 cents each, and pigeons at $3 a dozen. 
 
 Butter and eggs have not been advanced 
 further, but prices are very firm. Northern 
 creamery butter in tubs sells at 38 cents, 
 and in boxes at 40 cents, with individual 
 prints at 40 cents, unsalted prints at 50 
 cents. Western creamery in tubs at 35 cents 
 and Vermont dairy at 33 cents in tubs and 
 33 to 35 cents in boxes. High prices have 
 promoted the use of both butter and eggs 
 from cold storage. Total stocks in local 
 cold storage warehouses at last report were 
 300,191 packages, against 299,020 pack- 
 ages a week ago and 321,303 packages a 
 year ago. 
 
 Eggs are firm and unchanged, best hen- 
 nery stock being quoted at 45 cents. East- 
 ern at 40 cents. Western at 33 cents and 
 storage at 32 cents. Total stocks of eggs in 
 local cold storage warehouses at last report 
 were 399,589 cases, against 402,004 cases a 
 week ago and 490,945 cases at the same 
 time last year. 
 
 Large mackerel are scarce and high, but 
 medium mackerel are to be had at 25 cents 
 each and small mackerel at 18 cents. Span- 
 ish mackerel sell at 25 cents, Eastern sal- 
 mon at 30 to 35 cents, Western salmon at 
 20 to 25 cents, smelts at 30 to 35 cents, 
 bluefish at 15 cents, weakfish at 15 cents, 
 striped bass at 35 cents, black bass at 18 
 cents, butterfish at 12 J^ cents, scup at 
 15 cents, tautog at 12 cents, swordfish at 
 25 cents, halibut at 25 to 30 cents, cod 
 and haddock at 8 cents, brook trout at 75 
 cents, flounders at 10 to 12 cents, eels at 18 
 cents, sea perch at 20 cents a dozen. 
 
 Oysters are in season again, but it needs 
 cool weather as well as an "r" in the 
 month to bring about a demand. Provi- 
 dence River sell at 45 cents and Cotuits at 
 
 75 cents. New York scallops are in the 
 market and sell at $1 a quart, though the 
 close time is not yet off in this State. Lob- 
 sters are selling at 33 cents for live chicken, 
 35 cents for large live and 40 centsior large 
 boiled, soft-shell crabs at $1 a dozen, little 
 necks at 30 cents a dozen or $1.75 a peck, 
 clams at 30 cents a quart shucked or 50 
 cents in the shell by the peck, and qua- 
 hogs at 60 cents a quart shucked. Finnan 
 haddie sells at 12 cents. 
 
 HOTEL STORY 
 
 New York Herald 
 
 When a clerk at the desk of Bretton Hall 
 picked up the desk telephone in response 
 to a ring about nine o'clock last Friday 
 evening he caught the words of the operator 
 to a man in one of the rooms. 
 
 "Indeed, I don't know what you want, 
 sir," she was saying; "but here's the clerk. 
 You can explain to him." 
 
 "If they's such a thing as a bootjack in 
 this metropolitan hostlery," a co'n and 
 cotton voice enunciated in exasperated ac- 
 cents, "I wish yo' all would send it up to 
 mah room fo' about two minutes." 
 
 "Certainly, sir," said the clerk. "Front! 
 Send the bootblack up to 846." 
 
 The bootblack came down on a run, talk- 
 ing Greek to himself. The desk telephone 
 rang again before the clerk could ask ques- 
 tions. 
 
 "I don't want any bootblack. I don't 
 want 'em painted. I want to pull 'em off. 
 Send me a jack. Don't yo' all understand 
 English?" 
 
 "Tell the engineer to rush a man with a 
 kit of tools up to that room," the clerk 
 hurriedly ordered. "Right away, sir," he 
 spoke into the telephone. 
 
 "If it wasn't for losin' me job, I'd a kilt 
 that felly," the engine room assistant re- 
 ported when he quickly returned from the 
 eighth floor. "Th' way he talked I'd not 
 stand" — 
 
 The elevator door flew open with a crash 
 and a tall, elderly man with light hair 
 worn long strode to the desk, his jaws set, 
 but his lips twitching with each step. 
 
250 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 "By gad, suh!" he shouted, pounding 
 the desk and leaning across it to glare at 
 the astonished clerk. ' ' I ain't goin' to allow 
 no paper collared, Yankee clerk to make 
 spo't of me. If I wa'n't absolutely certain 
 that yo' are jes' one provincial New Yo'ker 
 of the ignoramus variety I would give yo' all 
 the canin' of you' mis'able life, old as I am. 
 
 "Neveh mind explanations. Yo' jes' 
 send that long, lanky No'th Ca'lina lookin' 
 boy yondeh up to mah room with me and 
 we'll see if I got to go to bed with, mah 
 boots on or go back to Geo'ga to get 'emoflf." 
 
 The lanky boy reported that the boots 
 were "sure some tight," but his co-opera- 
 tion in their removal had netted him "fo' 
 bits." 
 
 SUBWAY STORY 
 
 New York Times 
 
 "Wake up! Your station next," shouted 
 the Subway guard, as he shook a sleeping 
 passenger. The passenger managed to let 
 a "thank you" escape him, and propped 
 his eyes open until the train came to a stop 
 at the station. 
 
 "How did you know he got off at that 
 station?" the guard was asked as the train 
 moved on. 
 
 "How did I know? Why, he is on here 
 every night, and he goes to sleep as soon as 
 he gets on the train. I have awakened him 
 so regularly that he thinks now it is one of 
 my duties. He would never forgive me if I 
 overlooked him. 
 
 "See that man sleeping over there in 
 that middle seat, and that one over yon- 
 der near the other door? They work down- 
 town somewhere and come up every night 
 on this train. I always have to wake them 
 up. The first man there gets off at 145th 
 Street and the one by the door at 168th. 
 We know practically all the regular pas- 
 sengers on the late night trains. Some 
 work, while others are just rounders who are 
 out every night, returning always on the 
 same train with as much regularity as 
 those who work. 
 
 "I have never missed but one, and he 
 seemed terribly cut up about it. He talked 
 like I was paid to 'mind' him. I look out 
 
 for him now. I have scraped up a good 
 many acquaintances in this way. Some- 
 times the sleepers are newspaper chaps, 
 and they give us an early morning paper; 
 others give us a smile and say 'howdy?' 
 when we meet." 
 
 A MIRAGE 
 
 New York Sun 
 
 Cap'n Duke, who hangs about the beach 
 at Far Rockaway and tells stories of the 
 sea to little children, saw a mirage yester- 
 day afternoon just as the sun was setting. 
 He was talking to a group of httle ones at 
 the time and he called their attention to it. 
 
 "See that four funnelled steamship 
 hanging up there in the sky upside down?" 
 he said. "And then off there on the star- 
 board bow of the steamer don't you see a 
 five masted schooner with all sails set and 
 her booms to port?" 
 
 "Oh, yes, Cap'n Duke," cried the chil- 
 dren. "And there is still more." 
 
 "\Miat do you see, Johnny?" asked the 
 captain. 
 
 "Wliy, there is a battleship and a ferry- 
 boat, and over on the right I see the Statue 
 of Liberty." 
 
 Cap'n Duke took off his specks, rubbed 
 them with his red handkerchief and looked 
 hard. 
 
 "To be sure, to be sure," he said. "And 
 astern of the battleship there is a torpedo 
 boat, and after that comes a school of 
 whales and a yacht race. Never see the likes 
 of that even in the Desert of Sahara." 
 
 In half an hour it was all over and the 
 children went home for dinner. It was 
 noised about Far Rockaway last night that 
 really there was a beautiful mirage to be 
 seen at sunset, and there was not a soul in 
 the place who refused to believe it. Cap'n 
 Duke and the children had seen it and that 
 was enough. 
 
 STORY OF SAILOR 
 
 San Francisco Examiner 
 
 If you had done nothing worse than going 
 to sleep in an out-of-the-way place on a 
 bay steamer and awakening to find your- 
 
MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS 
 
 251 
 
 self in State's prison with a fifteen-year 
 sentence hanging over your head, how 
 would you feel? 
 
 John Larsen had such an exjjerience last 
 Friday. He was, and may yet be, a deck- 
 hand on the schooner Mary. He imbibed 
 a quantity of refreshment on the water 
 front and then hid away in the steamer 
 Caroline for a quiet nap. He didn't know 
 that the Caroline was about to go over to 
 San Quentin with a load of supplies for the 
 prison. The first thing he did know was 
 that a husky guard with a big gun was 
 prodding him into wakefulness and saying 
 hard things. Captain Smith of the Caroline 
 was standing near. 
 
 "Yes, it's that fifteen-year man, all 
 right," the guard said, as he gave Larsen a 
 stiff jolt under the ribs. 
 
 The sleepy sailor was yanked out into day- 
 light and taken ashore, where he saw only 
 prison walls and men in stripes all about 
 him. He was marched to the oflBce of the 
 captain of the guard, the man beside him 
 meanwhile commenting on the fine dis- 
 guise Larsen wore. The poor sailor was 
 dumb from fright, and could not make an 
 intelligible protest. But when the officials 
 looked him over, they laughed and told the 
 guard to throw him out. He was not the 
 man. 
 
 "Ay scart lak djefoul ven woke oop in 
 yale," said Larsen yesterday after he had 
 got back from San Quentin by ferry. "Ay 
 ban sleep on bale yute in Caroline ven gun 
 stick me in ribs an' ay see mens vid stripes 
 all aroond, an' man vid gun say ay ban 
 fifteen-year faller. You bat heart went in 
 boots and ay ban sick. Ven man stick gun 
 in ribs an' say 'Git!' You bat ay coom 
 quick avay. No more sleep in Caroline on 
 bale yute, you bat!" 
 
 A STOWAWAY 
 
 Boston Journal 
 
 Abraham Grabau wanted to get into the 
 United States mighty badly. 
 
 He was poor and had never had a chance. 
 But he had read a lot about America and 
 thought how fine it would be to come here 
 
 and retrieve himself and really do some- 
 thing worth while before it was too late. 
 
 So at Port Said he hid away on board 
 the steamship St. Patrick, which was bound 
 for Boston from Yokohama. 
 
 Of course he knew it wasn't right to be- 
 come a stowaway, but he coiildn't see what 
 real harm there was in it. Besides, he had- 
 n't any money and it seemed to be the only 
 thing that was left. And he never dreamed 
 that the great free country beyond the seas 
 often keeps worthy men outside its borders 
 just because they haven't the price of a 
 ticket. 
 
 But he learned many things that worried 
 him from the St. Patrick's crew during the 
 passage, after he had made himself knowTi, 
 when he couldn't starve any longer, and 
 had been put to work. 
 
 He was told that an alien stowaway has 
 a mighty poor show of "getting by" with 
 Uncle Sam — that, in fact, he hadn't a 
 chance on earth of being landed here. It 
 nearly broke his heart, for there seemed to 
 be no way out. But he finally found one — 
 and why not? It was as good a way as any 
 other. And, besides, he might win. 
 
 While the St. Patrick lay at anchor 
 off quarantine Thursday night, Abraham 
 sUpped off his shoes and stole on deck noise- 
 lessly. He placed his shoes on deck along- 
 side the railing and pulled down a life-buoy. 
 
 He gave a last look toward the lights that 
 were twinkling on shore and dropped into 
 the water. 
 
 Next morning the shoes were found near 
 where the life-buoy should have been. 
 
 Of course the ship was searched, but 
 Abraham was missing. Immigration oflB- 
 cials at Long Wharf and the harbor poUce 
 were notified of the escape. But there was 
 no trace of the stowaway. 
 
 Yesterday the Hebrew's daring act was 
 talked of admiringly in many quarters, and 
 the hope was expressed that he had won. 
 There is a slight chance that he was picked 
 up and carried to safety. But those best 
 informed declare that the little Hebrew has 
 beyond a doubt reached the Port of Missing 
 Men, where entry is never refused, even to 
 the friendless and the hopeless and the for- 
 lorn. 
 
252 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 SEARCH FOR LOST TREASURES 
 
 New York Sun 
 
 In the gray hours before the dawn this 
 morning, when all Ulmer Park sleeps and 
 nothing is heard along the reaches of Ma- 
 rine Basin but the crowing of the restless 
 cocks, will slip from her moorings a low, 
 rakish craft. With hawseholes muffled and 
 silence cloths on port and starboard anchor, 
 hatches muzzled and even the kick of her 
 propeller smothered by a- blanket, this 
 phantom will speed past the clam factories 
 and chowder distilleries out to the bounding 
 main. 
 
 Hush! 'Tis the Mayflower, onetime de- 
 fender of the America's cup, bearing her 
 daring crew of gentleman adventurers down 
 to the isles of spice and the bloodied seas 
 where Morgan trod piratical quarterdecks 
 and Teach snicked off the heads of treasure 
 bearers. Skipper Scull is at the helm. Buck 
 Harrison in the galley; four more, good men 
 and true, stand in the port chains and 
 shade their eyes as they scan the waters of 
 Gravesend Bay for the police boat. 
 
 Romance lies behind the horizon and the 
 glint of the rising sun has the glint of Sir 
 Henry's gold. For, mark ye well. Skipper 
 Scull has wrapped in tarpaulin, next to his 
 open front undersliirt, a chart. Red and 
 blue is the chart; it marks a reef in the Car- 
 ibbean; it limns in the sea the boundaries 
 of a precious spot; it tells where lies the 
 English corvette. Good Faith, out of Santo 
 Domingo City in 1684 with five millions in 
 plate and minted doubloons in her strong 
 boxes. 
 
 But who are these men, tried and found 
 trusty, who sail with Skipper Scull on the 
 converted yacht Mayflower out of Marine 
 Basin this morning? Skipper Scull, Har- 
 vard, '98, a venturesome soul who lived in 
 Tokio many, many months, and who, wish- 
 ing to be a war correspondent, finally was 
 allowed to get as near as forty-five miles 
 from the scene of a battle. Then there are 
 Gordon Brown, Yale, '01, who was captain 
 of the football team that laid Harvard so 
 low in 1900, Stephen Noyes, Harvard, '03, 
 H. L. Corbett, Harvard, '03, Buck Harri- 
 son, Harvard, '04, fullback, whose name 
 
 was a terror to all opponents, and Roger 
 Darby, Harvard, '05, a tower of strength on 
 the Crimson line in his time. 
 
 Consider this, that Matsukata, whose 
 father is a Baron in Japan and holds fief 
 over hundreds of samurai, was offered a 
 place in the intrepid crew — as cook. Mat- 
 sukata yearned for adventure, biit he could 
 not so demean himself, and that is why 
 Buck Harrison of the line holds his place 
 in the galley when the Mayflower slips out 
 of the Basin this morning. 
 
 With the Mayflower steaming out of 
 Gravesend Bay, nose to the south, there 
 must come a hiatus in this tale, and the 
 curtain of the past must be lifted, revealing 
 dark and bloody scenes. 
 
 CURTAIN 
 
 It is a fair day in June, Anno Domini 
 1684, and the tropical palms that fringe 
 the beach about Santo Domingo Bay are 
 nodding in the breeze. [Santo Domingo 
 Bay is used as a disguise of the real port, 
 which it wouldn't do to reveal.] All is astir 
 about the wharf, for the good English cor- 
 vette. Good Faith, is sailing this day for 
 PljTnouth, laden fair to the gunwales with 
 plate of price, spoils of cathedrals in Mex- 
 ico and hard minted gold in doubloons — 
 and oh, yes, pieces of eight! — that is, the 
 ransom of cities in Salvador and the Guin- 
 eas. Spanish gold it is, torn from the grasp 
 of bleeding men. 
 
 A cheer, a roundelay as the anchor comes 
 up, and with sails bellying and the crosses 
 of St. George and St. Andrew whipping 
 from the gaff, the Good Faith ploughs her 
 way past the reef and out to sea. 
 
 But wait! From around the bluff be- 
 yond the sea gate, which is hidden from the 
 Good Faith by the rocky headland, come 
 stealing two long feluccas. The brass of 
 cannon glints from bow and taffrail; sails 
 strain with the wind; the gorgeous banner 
 of Spain streams from the mainsail peak. 
 
 The watchers on the headlands of Santo 
 Domingo City drop on their knees in prayer 
 at the sight, for are not those two feluccas 
 
MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS 
 
 253 
 
 the sea vultures of Don Sebastian Fer- 
 nando Hacienda y Juan Fernandez, plun- 
 derer of towns and pillager of altars? 
 
 At gaze stand the citizens of Santo Do- 
 mingo City as they watch the feluccas steal 
 into the track of the Good Faith. Tor- 
 tured with anxiety are these good folk when 
 they behold the Good Faith swing about 
 the headland and come into view of the 
 dastard Spaniards. Now the Good Faith is 
 aware of her peril. See her crowd the can- 
 vas on! See her leap to the tug of the wind 
 and race for her life down, dowTi the watery 
 way to the horizon! The feluccas follow 
 fast; they gain yard by yard; still they 
 gain and yet still. 
 
 The horizon rises and swallows up the 
 Good Faith and the Don's feluccas, mere 
 dots on the horizon. 
 
 Alack, never again did man set eyes on 
 the Good Faith. Plymouth awaited her in 
 vain; Santo Domingo City sent out sloops 
 and men-o'-war to search for her. Never 
 again did Don Sebastian ravage the coasts 
 of Salvador and plunder the galleons of the 
 Main. Men forgot that there had ever been 
 a Good Faith or a Don Sebastian. 
 
 » * 4e' * * 
 
 [Stars here indicate hiatus of 220 years.] 
 
 A fisher of sponges, an American fisher 
 of sponges, in sooth, is sailing his craft 
 about the Caribbean in search of his prey. 
 It is some years later. It is only a few years 
 ago in fact. A storm comes roaring out of 
 the Gulf, and the fisher of sponges with his 
 native fishermen is driven in his cockleshell 
 far, far out of his course. In the dead of 
 night and the murk of the storm the boat 
 is piled up on a reef and they rub elbows 
 with death until the ruddy streaks of dawn 
 come. 
 
 Then this fisher of sponges, this Ameri- 
 can fisher of sponges — he was also a diver 
 and he helped raise the Merrimac in Santi- 
 ago harbor once — looked over the side of 
 his boat and he saw down about fifteen feet 
 in the blue water the prow of a ship. 
 Straightway he dived. He came up with 
 pieces of eight sticking through the cracks 
 of both fists, or maybe it was doubloons. 
 
 Forthwith all of his native fishermen 
 dived, and they came up with silver and 
 
 golden coin representing maybe $1,221.34 
 American, who knows? 
 
 They dived again and brought up the 
 ship's bell. About the rust eaten rim was 
 graven this motto: 
 
 "Good Faith yclept Dom. 1680 Ply- 
 mouth. Ringeth this Belle God's hours and 
 telleyeth man's life Space." 
 
 Straightway did this American fisher of 
 sponges get him his sextant and his lati- 
 tude. He had to guess at the longitude. 
 Then with the ship's bell and the pieces of 
 eight he sailed to Jamaica. 
 
 There he found one who was interested 
 in his tale. Together they went to a lawyer, 
 and he recommended them to another 
 lawyer, whose name is Reginald R. Leay- 
 craft and whose office is at 129 Pearl street, 
 this city. Many old records in Santo 
 Domingo City and in England were gone 
 over, so say this' fisher of sponges and his 
 lawyer, and at last the shipping register of 
 the original Good Faith was discovered. 
 Then they knew of her fatal journey out of 
 Santo Domingo City on that June after- 
 noon so long ago, and knew, so say both, 
 of the treasure that was in her bottom. 
 
 Skipper Scull, and he alone, knows how 
 it was that the sponge diver happened to 
 meet such an adventurous spirit as himself 
 here in New York. Yet, hark ye, within a 
 month after the sponge fisher and Skipper 
 Scull had met fortuitously, all of those 
 other brave gentlemen and true from Har- 
 vard and Yale had met to form a solemn 
 bond and compact. 
 
 This was the bond and compact: That 
 the organization should be made under 
 the auspices of the Southern Research 
 Company, a duly registered organization; 
 that the sponge fisher and his law\'er 
 should have share and share alike with 
 the others; that the sponge fisher should 
 be one of the party of discoveiy, in that he 
 knew best how to interpret the chart that 
 he had made that blue morning after the 
 storm; and that, chief of all, Matsukata, 
 the man whose father is a baron in Japan, 
 should be cook. 
 
 All of these conditions, save the last, so 
 recalcitrant did Matsukata prove, were 
 fulfilled to the letter. Then went the repre- 
 
254 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 sentatives of the company to Mrs. Eva M. 
 Barker, the owTier of the old cup defender, 
 Mayflower. Five years ago the old de- 
 fender had been converted into a sloop with 
 auxiliary power. The Mayflower was 
 brought around to the Marine Basin and 
 all sorts of strange stores in boxes and crates 
 were lowered into her hold. Diving suits 
 flopped upon her decks and grappling hooks 
 shoved their prongs through burlap sacking. 
 Skipper Scull was there on the deck of 
 the Mayflower each day to shoo away the 
 curious and to scowl at the prying. Not a 
 word would the war correspondent skipper 
 say to the most veiled interrogations. Un- 
 til the Mayflower slipped past the chowder 
 distilleries in this morning's early light the 
 mystery of her mission and her bourne re- 
 mained inviolate. 
 
 But Skipper Scull, Buck Harrison and 
 the rest have overreached themselves in 
 their secret iveness. For know that over a 
 long glass clinking with ice one sleepy night 
 up at the Harvard Club on Forty-fourth 
 street one of the sextette of adventurers 
 revealed the scheme of the expedition. 
 That is why not even Skipper Scull knows 
 what fell plot is now a-brewing to rob him 
 of his putative treasure. 
 
 This is the plot: Up in Boston lives 
 Alexander Forbes, the grandson of John 
 Murray Forbes. He is the possessor of the 
 yacht Merlin. To his ears came the tale of 
 the treasure hunt. Not long did the grass 
 grow under the Forbes foot. He called to- 
 gether the following men, known to be des- 
 perate pirates: Jim Field, Harvard, '03; 
 Donald Gregg, Harvard, '02; Ralph Page, 
 Harvard, '03; Buz Baird, Harvard, '04, and 
 W. Davis Conrad, also of Harvard. To 
 them he broached his counter plot, and all 
 gleefully agreed, if they did not sign a pact 
 with their life blood. 
 
 So it will be — and one of these Boston 
 pirates said yesterday that it cannot but 
 be — that after the Mayflower has gone to 
 her all but secret destination in the Carib- 
 bean and is sailing homeward, either laden 
 with gold or with experience, the yacht 
 MerUn will one day stalk out of the hori- 
 zon and confront her. The Jolly Roger will 
 fly from the peak of the Merlin and a six 
 
 poimder will cough out demand for the 
 Mayflower's surrender. The Ma>^ower 
 will have to heave to and be robbed or go 
 to the bottom with all of her gallant gentle- 
 men adventurers weltering in their own 
 blood. 
 
 It will be about three weeks hence, so 
 swore this Boston pirate by book and ring 
 yesterday, that the Merlin will sail on her 
 fell mission. After that the Spanish Main 
 will roar again and bloody death will be 
 abroad over the mellifluous waters of the 
 Gulf stream. 
 
 RELIEF SHIP 
 New York Evening Post 
 
 Capt. Pickels — "Pickels of the schooner 
 Cluett," as they called him on the Lab- 
 rador coast — standing on the deck of that 
 stanch little vessel, which will soon be 
 bucking ice in Baffin Bay, is not the figure 
 of an Arctic explorer. To the mildly inter- 
 ested visitor to the East River dock, where 
 his ship was moored, there was nothing 
 about the square-set skipper in shirt sleeves 
 and straw hat, watching supplies come 
 aboard, to suggest that he is the man se- 
 lected to command the relief expedition 
 which will search for Donald B. MacMillan, 
 starting to-day. MacMillan set out from 
 New York just two years ago to find myth- 
 ical Crocker Land, and now the American 
 Museimi of Natural History, one of the 
 chief backers of his expedition, is sending 
 Pickels to find MacMillan. 
 
 Both the captain in summer city garb 
 and his little schooner, dwarfed by the 
 overhanging pier, and not so different to 
 the unpracticed eye from himdreds of sail- 
 ing craft loading here, refused at first to 
 fit into the picture which he painted in 
 simple language of the months ahead. 
 Within a few weeks the Cluett will be feel- 
 ing out open reaches in the ice which is 
 rarely absent after Nachvak Bay, on the 
 north Labrador coast, is passed, laying a 
 course almost due north up Davis Strait. 
 Thence to Melville Bay, near Etah, the 
 MacMillan expedition's base, it will be nip 
 and tuck between the Cluett and rapidly 
 
MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS 
 
 255 
 
 descending winter. She will be late, and, 
 skirting the ever-present "middle ice" of 
 Baffin Bay, on a course not far off shore, 
 she will be lucky to reach her objective be- 
 fore the waters close entirely. 
 
 And luckier still if she finds MacMillan 
 and his party waiting. For then there is 
 the chance that, with more good fortune 
 and able seamanship, Capt. Pickels may 
 be able to bring all hands out through the 
 thin crust which by September will cover 
 all those waters. In that event he will have 
 made a season's record to be very proud of. 
 What is far more likely — and that is the 
 reason for the two years' supply of food- 
 stuffs on board the Cluett — the schooner 
 will nose her way into Melville Bay with 
 hardly enough time in which to select a 
 winter berth in the ice. If MacMillan has 
 to be waited for or search made for him, 
 the long winter will make either task easy. 
 The diminutive, unpretentious wooden sail- 
 ing ship which now reeks of oil and ship 
 stores under the warm sun, will then find 
 herself encompassed with leagues of ice. 
 Eskimo ice huts will spring up around her 
 like mushrooms, and in the long Arctic 
 night it would be difficult to identify the 
 little Cluett with the picture at the foot of 
 East 21st Street. 
 
 But closer acquaintance with Pickels and 
 the Cluett helps one's imagination to 
 bridge the gap. Ever since she was built 
 at Tottenville, some four years ago, for the 
 Grenfell Mission service on the Labrador 
 coast, Pickels has commanded her. She 
 was designed for work in northern waters. 
 As the bronze plate in the captain's cabin 
 sets forth, she was presented to Dr. Wilfred 
 Grenfell in July, 1911, by George B. Cluett, 
 of Troy, N. Y. That she went to sea with 
 purposes other than those of the ordinary 
 trading schooner, the plate makes plain in 
 these few words: "The Sea is His and He 
 made It." The inscription in the brass 
 band wliich binds the wheel, "Jesus saith I 
 will make you fishers of men," serves to 
 distinguish her from the rim of fishing craft 
 which infest the Labrador waters. But for 
 these symbols of a higher vocation she is 
 just hke them, save that she is much more 
 Btanch. 
 
 From stem to stern the Cluett measures 
 142 feet, and her beam is 26 feet. Every 
 foot of timber in her is white oak. And 
 back of the thin steel plate on her bows, 
 where the impact of ice is concentrated, 
 she can boast about two feet of solid timber. 
 The outer shell forward is composed of 
 white oak timbers eight inches thick. Be- 
 hind them is nearly a foot of timbering, 
 and then an inner shell of six-inch white oak 
 all stiffened with drift bolts. The Cluett 
 can be counted on to stand up to the force 
 of her eighty horse-power kerosene engines, 
 against all but solid ice. And she has proved 
 it more than once. 
 
 That brought the captain to the recital 
 of an achievement which probably had 
 much to do with the selection by the 
 Museum authorities of him and his ship 
 for the work in hand. Making ordinarily 
 about three trips a year as supply ship to 
 the chain of missions established by the 
 Grenfell Association, it was no new thing 
 for the Cluett to show her seaworthiness in 
 ice and dirty weather. But last summer she 
 did something out of the common. Char- 
 tered for a few months by the Carnegie 
 Institution for magnetic investigations in 
 Hudson's Bay, she and Capt. Pickels dis- 
 played remarkable facility for edging into 
 ice-strewn waters and slipping out with 
 promptness. 
 
 In a month's time she made the circuit 
 of Hudson's Bay, undeterred by almost 
 constant snow-storms and gales, frequently 
 traversing untried waterwaj^s. She escaped 
 without misadventure, where a less careful 
 pilot might have lost his ship. Once the two 
 principal members of the party, the observ- 
 ers, were swamped in a small boat. Losing 
 instruments and all their equipment they 
 went five days without food or fire, and 
 owed their lives to Capt. Pickels's prompt 
 appearance with relief. Getting into Hud- 
 son's Bay in mid-summer of last year was 
 not easy on account of the ice. After cleanly 
 threading Hudson Strait, the Cluett en- 
 countered a Canadian icebreaker, smashed 
 by the very element she was designed to 
 combat, and breaking up. As this point 
 was a long way south of his present destina- 
 tion, Capt. Pickels is mindful of what may 
 
2S6 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 be in store for him this summer. But he 
 regards the MacMillan rehef expedition 
 with as much serenity as if it were one of his 
 regular northern visits, and with as httle 
 timidity as might be expected from a 
 mariner who has navigated every ocean and 
 circimivented ice in Bering Sea as success- 
 fully as in Grenfell's Tickle. 
 
 Although the proved nimbleness of the 
 Cluett leads her charterers to hope that 
 she may slip into Melville Bay and out 
 with the rescued MacMillan party in time 
 to get back to New York in November, 
 the way food supplies have been poured 
 into her show that no chances are to be 
 taken, in a locality where, as the captain 
 remarked, "j-e can't fetch stuff from a 
 grocery 'round the corner.' " He shed light 
 upon what for a dozen men might be con- 
 sidered a two years' food supply. Some 
 two thousand pounds of beef, nearly half 
 of it canned and the rest pickled in brine, 
 and an almost equal quantity of mutton 
 and pork, formed the backbone of the stores. 
 Beans and potatoes and barrel on barrel of 
 pilot bread set off this impressive meat 
 suppl}', which winter hunting is to vary 
 with fresh steaks and roasts. 
 
 Several himdred pounds of coffee and a 
 himdred of tea, onions and many gallons 
 of lime juice to ward off scurvy, were im- 
 portant items; strangely enough, not a 
 particle of chocolate or cocoa. A comment 
 upon the rather small supply of milk — con- 
 densed, of course — as compared with, for 
 one thing, three hundred pounds of rolled 
 oats, drew from the hardy captain the ex- 
 planation that crews in the North preferred 
 molasses with their oatmeal, and of mo- 
 lasses he had nearly a hundred gallons. 
 
 Perhaps these assurances of creature 
 comfort have had their attractions. At 
 any rate, Capt. Pickels has been pestered 
 with would-be passengers who want to 
 make the trip with him or put in a winter 
 of hunting on Melville Bay. And they were 
 not all men. One young person from Vassar 
 sent a request. But Capt. Pickels will have 
 none of them. So that, when he starts on 
 the last leg of his journey north, with decks 
 piled high with barrels of kerosene — the 
 Cluett is to be stocked with nearly five 
 
 thousand gallons of kerosene and 900 gal- 
 lons of gasolene for her engines — the only 
 person aboard beside his crew of eight 
 hardy Nova Scotians, will be the repre- 
 sentative of the Natural History Museum. 
 Capt. Pickels's Newf oimdland dog "Chimi" 
 completes the list. 
 
 SQUIRREL 
 
 New York World 
 
 Somebody let a squirrel loose in City 
 Hall Park yesterday, or more likely Satur- 
 day night, and as a result that part of the 
 green grass plot just north of the Nathan 
 Hale statue was the only busy section in 
 the business district from 2 until 3 o'clock 
 on the Sabbath. If there was one cat there 
 were thirty. Of all sizes and conditions 
 they ranged, hailing from Cherry Hill and 
 other points. Toms, tabbies and kittens 
 were all there, and in circles they sat about 
 a big tree on which a gilt sign read " Ulmus , 
 Americanus." 
 
 Above, perched in the branches, was Mr. 
 Squirrel. Intently he looked down at the 
 cats and the crowd of park loungers and 
 others leaning on the fence and flicked his 
 gray tail saucily at the feline delegation. 
 One venturesome Tom scooted up the tree, 
 but when he began to crawl out on the 
 branch on which "Brer" Squirrel sat the 
 latter lightly jumped to an adjoining tree, 
 not labelled, and chattered back at Tom- 
 catus Cherry hillibus. 
 
 The other cats with uplifted eyes 
 watched the flight of the squirrel and 
 camped under the second tree, while the 
 crowd of human onlookers increased. The 
 siege was getting interesting. 
 
 "I wonder will the cats get him, Jim- 
 mie," said one young woman, but the squir- 
 rel only kept on scolding to himself. 
 
 Not long after a young man in a gray 
 suit stepped over the fence and stood be- 
 neath the tree. He carried a small bag over 
 one shoulder. The moment the squirrel saw 
 him he ran down the tree and perched on 
 the man's other shoulder. When the man 
 opened the bag he popped in, and they 
 started off for a Jersey ferry. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS 
 
 257 
 
 The disgusted cats dispersed and the 
 crowd melted away. 
 
 POLICEMEN'S PET 
 Philadelphia Telegraph 
 
 Just as the "joker" tapped 12 o'clock 
 today in the Trenton avenue and Dauphin 
 street police station, a file of unhelmeted 
 patrolmen marched silently into the back 
 yard and reverently placed the remains of 
 "Benny" in his last long resting place. 
 
 For a moment they stood sad-eyed, while 
 Bill Tufts, the old turnkey, softly dropped 
 the earth upon the coffin, and then, when 
 only a memory marked the spot near the 
 patrol house where "Benny" slept, they 
 went back to the roll-room and discussed 
 in whispers the unexpected death. 
 
 "Benny" died at 11.20 o'clock, despite 
 the efforts of House Sergeant Site, who im- 
 mersed him in fresh water and tried in every 
 way to restore the fast-ebbing life. But a 
 broken heart could not thus be appeased, 
 for "Benny's " heart had undoubtedly been 
 broken when a younger rival for the affec- 
 tions of the bluecoats turned up in the sta- 
 tion house not long ago. 
 
 Old age might also have contributed to- 
 ward the death, for " Benny" was 7K years 
 old, and his species never exist longer than 
 seven years, according to Street Sergeant 
 Murdock, who is well posted on the sub- 
 ject. "Benny" holds the record for age 
 around the station house. There have been 
 others of his ilk there constantly for fifteen 
 years, but "Benny" was the longest liver 
 of the entire crowd. 
 
 "Benny" was a fan-tailed goldfish. 
 
 ZOO STORY 
 
 New York World 
 
 This rock shall fly from its firm base as soon as I. 
 — Hippopotamus Pete. 
 
 "He's a pig-headed brute," say the 
 keepers in the Bronx Zoo after they have 
 been up all night watching Pete, who weighs 
 1,300 pounds — more than four Tafts. 
 
 "He's a wise old guy," say the keepers 
 admiringly after they have slept and are 
 wondering at Pete's sagacity. 
 
 Director Hornaday, of the Zoo, and the 
 keepers fondly hope to remove Pete to-day 
 from his old cage in the antelope house to 
 his apartment in the new and splendid ele- 
 phant house. But whether Pete goes or 
 stays in the antelope house depends upon 
 how hungry he was last night. 
 
 The World has told of the futile efforts 
 to move this Gibraltar of hippopotamus 
 flesh. As a last resort, Director Hornaday 
 has been starving Pete for two days and 
 nights. When Pete is hungry he is very 
 hungry, indeed. He eats a wagon load of 
 provender a day, shovelling in the food as 
 stokers shovel coal into a steamship's fur- 
 nace. 
 
 Taking advantage of this. Director 
 Hornaday had placed in Pete's cage a " mov- 
 ing case," a very strong box big enough to 
 hold Pete. At one end of the box is a drop 
 door rigged to a fall and tackle. At the 
 closed end of the big box the keepers placed 
 a tempting meal of all the things Pete likes 
 best. 
 
 It was all very simple. Two keepers 
 watched Pete every hour of the twenty- 
 four. Pete, himgry, was to walk into the 
 box after the food, the keepers were to let 
 the drop door fall and — there you are, or, 
 rather, there Pete was. 
 
 The simple plan did not work out well. 
 By day Pete seemed to have lost all appe- 
 tite. But by Saturday night he had 
 thought out a plan in his turn. While the 
 sleepy keepers watched, Pete entered the 
 box, but he carefully stretched back his 
 hind legs so that they remained outside it. 
 The keepers dropped the door; it fell on 
 Pete's hind quarters. 
 
 Pete backed out, scooping the food along 
 with his fore legs. Once outside he had a 
 hearty meal, which he seemed to enjoy 
 exceedingly. 
 
 They built a much longer moving case 
 yesterday and put food at its closed end. 
 A hippopotamus is not built like a dachs- 
 hund. To get that food Pete must include 
 his whole bulk in the box. 
 
2S8 
 
 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING 
 
 CAT 
 
 Chicago Inter Ocean 
 
 Tom Stroller is dead. 
 
 Tom Stroller was only a cat, and he was 
 old and ugly and never even had been al- 
 lowed within the sacred precincts of a cat 
 show, so, perhaps, it doesn't matter much. 
 
 And yet there were a hundred girls, stu- 
 dents at the Art Institute, who looked wist- 
 fully at the desk of the Klio Club when 
 they went to their lunch. And there were 
 100 others who didn't smile as they sat 
 about the tables. One or two attempted a 
 eulogy, but the efforts were not inspiring, 
 for the best that could be said of old Tom 
 Stroller was that "he was such a friendly 
 cat." 
 
 Time was when Tom was young and use- 
 ful. Those were the days — twelve years 
 ago — when there was a stern work to be 
 done at the Klio Club, then at South Mich- 
 igan Avenue and East Monroe Street. 
 Those were the days when Tom stepped 
 proudly through serried ranks of rodent 
 dead, the days when he was tolerated be- 
 cause he was useful, and was forgiven his 
 ugliness because he was so friendly. Those 
 were the days when Tom achieved his first 
 love — the love of Mrs. Bush, mother of the 
 club. 
 
 Side by side Tom and Mrs. Bush grew 
 old together. When the girls at the insti- 
 tute moved their club to 26 South Wabash 
 Avenue, Tom, now toothless, and Mrs. 
 Bush, now almost at the end of the road, 
 were established together at the cashier's 
 desk. 
 
 New students came to look amused and 
 remained to love them both. Old students 
 came back to Chicago to rush up to the Klio 
 Club and cry: "Why, if there aren't Tom 
 and Mother Bush. God bless you both!" 
 
 But one day last year Mrs. Bush was 
 stricken with an illness that soon may 
 prove fatal. She was taken to the Mary 
 Thompson Hospital and a new cashier 
 came to the club's desk. She was kind to 
 Tom and stroked his grizzled fur, but 
 things were different now, and Tom began 
 to grow old very fast. He died yesterday 
 morning. 
 
 DOG 
 
 Chicago Herald 
 
 Colonel is only a dog, but he is believed 
 to be dying because he did his duty. 
 
 Colonel is a dignified St. Bernard, with 
 a fine head and kindly eye. He belongs 
 to Sven Carlson, a saloon-keeper at 3300 
 North Racine avenue. When Colonel could 
 he on the floor, keeping one eye on the door 
 and the other on his master, the dog was 
 happy. 
 
 Carlson was proud of Colonel, too. He 
 boasted of the dog's cleverness — how he 
 would fetch and carry from the grocer's, 
 and even carry notes to tradesmen in the 
 neighborhood. Colonel never failed to go 
 to the right store. 
 
 It was for Carlson that the dog sacrificed 
 himself. 
 
 A few minutes before closing time Satur- 
 day night Carlson went behind the bar and 
 Colonel followed him. 
 
 Two men entered the saloon and walked 
 over to the bar. They did not see the dog. 
 
 "Hands up," ordered one man. 
 
 "It's late, gentlemen; if you wish to 
 drink you have no time for such joking," 
 replied Carlson. 
 
 Both men drew revolvers. 
 
 "It's a long way from a joke," said the 
 man. "Hands up or we'll shoot." 
 
 "Go for 'em, Colonel," ordered Carl- 
 son. 
 
 The dog sped aroimd the end of the bar 
 as though he had been shot from a cata- 
 pult, his hair bristling, uttering deep growls; 
 and the bandits backed away. ' 
 
 Then one of the men fired a shot, and the 
 dog toppled over and lay still. 
 
 Carlson gave a roar of rage when he saw 
 Colonel fall, and, grasping a bung starter, 
 chmbed over the bar. 
 
 The holdups fled. 
 
 Carlson chased them a block before he 
 gave up the pursuit. 
 
 Colonel was taken to Thomas Kendrew's 
 veterinary hospital at 3039 SheflBeld avenue, 
 bandaged and put into a private kennel 
 with clean, sweet straw to lie upon. 
 
 "He surely will die," said Dr. Kendrew. 
 " I think there is no hope for him. The bul- 
 
MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS 
 
 259 
 
 let went into his hip and through some of 
 his vital organs. 
 
 "If every man could die as gallantly as 
 Colonel this would be a better world." 
 
 TRICK MULE 
 
 Kansas City Star 
 
 If you've been to the horse show this 
 week you've seen Henry and Zip. Henry — 
 his last name is Harbaugh — is 18 years old 
 and lives near Bedford, Mo., when he's at 
 home. Zip is 8 years old, and if you don't 
 believe he's the most wonderful trick mule 
 in the world, you'd better not mention it to 
 Henry, 
 
 Zip knows how to sit up on his haunches 
 hke a rabbit and walk around on his hind 
 legs with Henry on his back, and walk 
 across the tanbark arena on his knees, and 
 — oh, innumerable things. Also he can buck 
 in the most humorous way — you're quite 
 sure nobody but Henry could stick on. 
 
 There's an interesting story connected 
 with Henry and Zip. Zip is an educated 
 mule, and he is helping make Henry an 
 educated boy. For, the money that Henry 
 receives for his talents and Zip's goes for 
 Henry's education. The boy is half way 
 through the high school at Avalon, Mo., 
 and when he finishes, he hopes to go to the 
 University of Missouri. And the talented 
 Zip is a great help to a fellow who's trying 
 to get an education. For Henry is drawing 
 down $50 and expenses for his week's work 
 at the Kansas City Horse Show, and he has 
 hopes of repeating the performance at St. 
 Louis next week. 
 
 Col. W. V. Galbraith, general manager 
 of the horse show, got a letter from the 
 trick mule's owner last week. The letter 
 told about all the wonderful things Zip 
 could do — and he can, too — and said if 
 the colonel could find a place for him, please 
 to let Henry know at once, as it's one hun- 
 
 dred miles from Bedford to Kansas City, 
 and it would take some little time to ride. 
 The boy, having no money to spend on rail- 
 road fare, proposed to ride his mule to 
 Kansas City. The colonel was so pleased 
 by the boy's enterprise that he sent him 
 word to come and enclosed money to bring 
 Zip by railroad. Of course, strictly speak- 
 ing, a mule doesn't belong in a horse show, 
 but Colonel Galbraith figured that a trick 
 mule named Zip was too good a bet to 
 overlook. 
 
 The boy started training his mule five 
 years ago, when he was 13 years old and 
 Zip was 3. Henry lived on a farm and he 
 had no brothers and sisters. So he made a 
 pet of Zip, and taught him all sorts of tricks. 
 Then he began showing him at county fairs 
 and saving the money that he got to spend 
 for education. One of these days he hopes 
 to be as well educated for a boy as Zip is for 
 a mule. And if they gave degrees to mules, 
 Zip would certainly be a Ph.D. 
 
 Zip is also quite a teacher. He has taught 
 this country boy a philosophy of life. 
 
 "You have to be patient — patient and 
 kind," Henry said yesterday. "The first 
 thing I ever taught Zip took me two hours 
 and a half. I wanted to see if I could make 
 him he down. I grabbed his opposite foreleg 
 and held it up. I just had to tire him out, 
 but at last he keeled over. Next day he did 
 it in two minutes. He had learned what I 
 wanted. It was easy after that." 
 
 Henry had never seen a trick mule, but 
 he began thinking of other tricks. With in- 
 finite patience he showed Zip what was 
 wanted. 
 
 "Then he did it because he loved me," 
 said the boy simply. 
 
 Henry never uses a whip to teach Zip 
 tricks. He feeds him sugar, and is just 
 kind to him and works with him and is pa- 
 tient. Now he learns faster than ever. You 
 can teach an old mule new tricks, according 
 to Henry. 
 
INDEX TO NEWS STORIES 
 
 Accident, automobile, 23, 24. 
 
 Accident, drowning, 39, 40, 42. 
 
 Accident, fall from scaffold, 39. 
 
 Accident, humorous treatment of, 25. 
 
 Accident, marine, 32, 34, 35. 
 
 Accident, mine, 36, 38. 
 
 Accident, pathetic treatment of, 25. 
 
 Accident, railroad, 29, 30, 31. 
 
 Accident, shooting, 42. 
 
 Accident, storm, 35, 196. 
 
 Accident, subway, 26. 
 
 Accidents, 22-44. 
 
 Addresses, 127-131. 
 
 Adoption of child, 100. 
 
 Agricultural fair, 143. 
 
 Alumnae meeting, 228. 
 
 Animal stories, 19, 256-259. 
 
 Anniversary, church celebration of, 228. 
 
 Arrest for embezzlement, 50. 
 
 Arrest for forgery, 49. 
 
 Arrest for hold-up, 55, 56, 57. 
 
 Arrest for intoxication, 48. 
 
 Arrest for murder, 59, 65. 
 
 Arrest for passing worthless checks, 50. 
 
 Arrest for swindle, 49. 
 
 Arrest, humorous treatment of, 48. 
 
 Arrest, pathetic treatment of, 57. 
 
 "Asleep at the switch," 48. 
 
 Assignment in bankruptcy, 96. 
 
 Attorney general, opinion of, 90. 
 
 Automobile bandits, 55. 
 
 Automobile collision, 23, 24. 
 
 Automobile drivers' strike, 187. 
 
 Automobile ordinance, violation of, 78. 
 
 Automobile parade, 149, 150. 
 
 Automobile show, opening of, 142. 
 
 Bandit, automobile, 55. 
 Bandit, pathetic story of, 57. 
 Bandit, street car, 57. 
 Bankruptcy case, 95, 96. 
 Banquet, 157. 
 Baseball, 212-216. 
 
 Baseball game, humorous treatment of, 215. 
 Bazaar, charity, 230. 
 Bonds, sale of municipal, 245. 
 Boston Advertiser, story from, 25. 
 Boston Globe, story from, 212. 
 Boston Herald, stories from, 23, 40, 143, 
 171, 246. 
 
 Boston Journal, story from, 251. 
 
 Boston Post, story from, 212. 
 
 Boston Transcript, stories from, 16, 18, 34, 
 
 138, 192, 219, 224, 239, 240, 244, 247. 
 Boston Traveler, story froij'^29. 
 Bridge party, 229. ^ 
 
 Brooklyn Eagle, stories from, 42, 88. 
 Building of new hotel, 244. 
 Burglary, 54. 
 
 Burglary, human interest treatment of, 54. 
 Business merger, 242. 
 
 Card party, 228, 229. 
 
 Carnegie, Andrew, toast by, at banquet, 
 
 157. 
 Cat, death of, 258. 
 Cathedral service, anniversary, 160. 
 Charity bazaar, 230. 
 
 Chicago Daily Neivs, stories from, 68, 136. 
 Chicago Evening Post, stories from, 102, 
 
 226, 228, 229. 
 Chicago Herald, stories from, 47, 54, 55, 66, 
 
 91, 95, 105, 115, 120, 222, 223, 227, 228, 
 
 229, 234, 236, 258. 
 Chicago Inter Ocean, stories from, 67, 108, 
 
 109, 171, 222, 258. 
 Chicago Record-Herald, stories from, 37, 
 
 146, 184. 
 Chicago Tribune, stories from, 19, 39, 42, 
 
 73, 105, 130, 137, 138, 164, 187, 188, 244, 
 
 246. 
 Children, news stories of, 25, 26, 39, 41, 
 
 42, 43, 47, 54, 154, 158, 159, 250. 
 Children's court, 79. 
 Chinese girls in court, 79. 
 Christian Science Monitor, stories from, 
 
 217, 235. 
 Christmas dinner, family reunion at, 227. 
 Christmas in children's hospital, 154. 
 Christmas pantomime, 155. 
 Christmas, preparations for celebrating, 
 
 152. 
 Church, anniversary celebration in, 160. 
 City bonds, sale of, 245. 
 City council meeting, 117. 
 College alumnae meeting, 228. 
 College class day, 166. 
 College commencement, 162-166. 
 College crew prospects, 216. 
 College crew races, 217. 
 
262 
 
 INDEX TO NEWS STORIES 
 
 College fraternity dinner, 226. 
 
 College glee club, entertainment for, 229. 
 
 Collision, automobile, 23, 24. 
 
 Collision, railroad, 30, 31. 
 
 Collision, ships in, 34. 
 
 Colorado miners' strike, 188. 
 
 Colorado miners' strike, investigation of, 
 
 108. 
 Commencement exercises, college, 162-166. 
 Common council meeting, 117. 
 Conventions, 119-123. 
 Convict, capture of escaped, 67. 
 Convict, pathetic story of escaped, 68. 
 Council, meeting of city, 117. 
 Covmterfeiter, human interest story of, 83. 
 County fair, 143. 
 Court decisions, 88, 89, 90, 
 Court, pathetic story of, 78. 
 Court, police, 78. 
 Courts, civil, 88-105. 
 Courts, criminal, 81-87. 
 Courtship, unusual, 221, 222. 
 Crew, prospects of college, 216. 
 Crew races, college, 217. 
 
 Dancing parties, 226, 227, 228. 
 Deaths, 171-177. 
 Decision, court, 88, 89, 90. 
 Decoration Day parade, 151. 
 Defalcation of bank clerk, 51. 
 Delinquency of j^oung girl, 66. 
 Detroit News, stories from, 83, 94. 
 Dinner parties, 226, 227. 
 Disorderly conduct, arrest for, 58. 
 Divers, death of, in ship's hold, 32. 
 Dividend, railroad company's, 246. 
 Divorce suit, 93, 94. 
 Docks, stories from, 250-254. 
 Dog, death of, 258. 
 Drowning, 39-42, 196. 
 Duluth Herald, stories from, 87, 89. 
 
 Easter, 193. 
 
 Eclipse of sun, 197. 
 
 Elections, 179-184. 
 
 Election day, 180. 
 
 Election, forecast of, 179. 
 
 Election, returns of city, 183. 
 
 Election, returns of state, 182, 183. 
 
 Elopement, 223. 
 
 Embezzlement, 51. 
 
 Engagement, announcement of, 226. 
 
 Entertainment, Christmas, in hospital, 154. 
 
 Entertainment, Christmas pantomime, 
 
 153. 
 Entertainment for charity, 230. 
 Entertainment in children's hospital, 158. 
 Entertainment, lawn fete, 159. 
 
 Entertainment, school, 158. 
 Exhibitions, 142. 
 Explosion, cause of fire, 16, 19. 
 Explosion in fireworks plant, 19. 
 Explosion in mine, 36. 
 Explosion in subway, 26. 
 Explosion in tannery, 16. 
 
 Failure, commercial, 95, 96. 
 
 Fair, agricultural, 143. 
 
 Fall from scafifold, 39. 
 
 Fete, lawn, 159. 
 
 Fight on elevated train, 58. 
 
 Fight on wagon, 78. 
 
 Financial news, 245, 246. 
 
 Fire, fatal, in factory, 19. 
 
 Fire, fatal, in lodging house, 21. 
 
 Fire, fatal, in tenement, 21. 
 
 Fire in university building, 17. 
 
 Fire, investigation of cause of, 18, 21, 22. 
 
 Fires, 16-22. 
 
 Football, 202-212. 
 
 Football game, 205, 207. 
 
 Football game, analysis of, 209. 
 
 Football game, day of, 202, 203. 
 
 Forgery, 49, 50, 78. 
 
 Forgery, pathetic treatment of, 78. 
 
 Golf match, 219. 
 
 Hearing before investigating comirittee, 
 108, 110. 
 
 Hearing in investigation, pathetic treat- 
 ment of, 110. 
 
 Hearing on city ordinance, 112, 113, 115. 
 
 Hearing on ordinance, humorous treat- 
 ment of, 113. 
 
 Highway robbery, 55. 
 
 Hippopotamus, story of, 257. 
 
 Hold-up, 55, 56, 57. 
 
 Hospital, Christmas in children's, 154. 
 
 Hospital, entertainment in children's, 158. 
 
 Hospital, surgical operation in, 170. 
 
 Hotel, new, 244. 
 
 Hotel story, humorous, 249. 
 
 Humorous stories, 25, 47, 48, 55, 57, 58, 78, 
 91, 92, 113, 121, 122, 142, 150, 156, 157, 
 198, 215, 222, 249, 250, 252. 
 
 Illness, 168. 
 
 Indian, dying, 169. 
 
 Indianapolis News, stories from, 133, 134. 
 
 Insanity case in court, 91. 
 
 Inspection, medical, of schools, 236. 
 
 Interview with educator, 134. 
 
 Interview with official, 133. 
 
 Interview with opera singer, 136. 
 
 Interview with woman philanthropist, 135. 
 
 i 
 
INDEX TO NEWS STORIES 
 
 263 
 
 Interviews, 133-137. 
 Interviews, group of, 137. 
 Investigation, congressional, of strike, 108. 
 Investigation of drowning, 40. 
 Investigation of fire, 18, 21, 22. 
 Investigation of strike, 108, 110. 
 Investigation, pathetic treatment of, 110. 
 
 Jubilee service in cathedral, 160. 
 Juvenile delinquency, 66. 
 
 Kansas City Star, stories from, 38, 49, 51, 
 56, 57, 60, 62, 65, 66, 78, 100, 127, 130, 
 135, 168, 172, 218, 227, 228, 235, 259. 
 
 Kansas City Times, stories from, 159, 171, 
 
 Labor difficulties and strikes, 186-190. 
 
 Larceny, conviction for, 87. 
 
 Law suit, humorous treatment of, 92. 
 
 Lawn fete, 159. 
 
 Lawrence, Mass., textile strike at, 190. 
 
 Lecture, 131. 
 
 Legislature, meeting of state, 116, 
 
 Library, public, 237. 
 
 Los Angeles Times, story from, 57. 
 
 Luncheon, 228. 
 
 Madison Democrat, stories from, 121, 129. 
 Mann Act, violation of, 66. 
 Manual training school, opening of, 234. 
 Manufacturing, new method in, 243. 
 Marine news stories, 32, 34, 35, 250, 251, 
 
 252, 254. 
 Market, opening of, 145. 
 Market prices, retail, 246, 247. 
 Mawson, Sir Douglas, lecture by, 131, 
 Medical inspection in schools, 236, 
 Meeting of city council, 117. 
 Meeting of Friends, 123. 
 Meeting of old clothes men, 122, 
 Meeting of safety councU, 120. 
 Meeting of state legislature, 116. 
 Meetings, 116-123. 
 Memorial Day parade, 151. 
 Merger of business concerns, 242. 
 Milwaukee Daily News, stories from, 31, 43. 
 Milwaukee Evening Wisconsin, stories from, 
 
 43, 55, 156. 
 Milwaukee Free Press, stories from, 110, 
 
 137, 168. 
 Milwaukee Journal, stories from, 29, 44. 
 Milwaukee Sentinel, stories from, 30, 73, 78, 
 
 82, 170, 237, 242. 
 Mine explosion, 36, 38. 
 Miners, attempt to rescue, 38. 
 Miners, strike of, 188. 
 Mirage, 250. 
 Mule, trick, 259. 
 
 Municipal bonds, sale of, 245. 
 Municipal equipment, new, 240. 
 Municipal improvements, 239. 
 Murder, constructive treatment of, 60, 62, 
 
 63, 65. 
 Murder, pathetic treatment of, 63, 65, 
 Murder trial, 84, 
 Murders, 58-66. 
 Museum, public, 238. 
 Musicale, 228, 
 
 Nelson; William Rockhill, death of, 176. 
 New York Evening Mail, stories from, 70, 
 
 158. 
 New York Evening Post, stories from, 22, 
 
 74, 123, 138, 142, 147, 160, 162, 165, 174, 
 
 177, 187, 195, 202, 203, 209, 254, 
 New York Evening Telegram, story from, 
 
 93, 
 New York Globe, stories from, 236, 249. 
 New York Herald, stories from, 103, 112, 
 
 131, 149, 186, 194, 225, 227, 230, 241, 
 
 249. 
 New York Sun, stories from, 33, 61, 63, 79, 
 
 84, 92, 100, 122, 166, 250, 252. 
 New York Times, stories from, 17, 21, 26, 
 
 35, 39, 48, 72, 96, 98, 113, 119, 128, 142, 
 
 145, 151, 155, 158, 173, 180, 183, 190, 
 
 196, 215, 216, 224, 226, 230, 238, 250. 
 New York Tribune, stories from, 24, 32, 49, 
 
 59. 
 New York World, stories from, 21, 41, 48, 
 
 58, 61, 71, 81, 99, 150, 157, 182, 233, 256, 
 
 257. 
 
 Obituaries, 172-177. 
 Obituary of college dean, 177. 
 Obituary of editor, 176. 
 Obituary of fireman, 172. 
 Obituary of Italian undertaker, 174. 
 Obituary of politician, 173. 
 Obituary of William Rockhill Nelson, 176. 
 Ohio State Journal, story from, 121. 
 Old clothes men, meeting of, 117. 
 Operation, surgical, 170. 
 Opinion of attorney general, 90. 
 Ordinance, hearing on, 112, 113, 115. 
 Ordinance introduced in city council meet- 
 ing, 117. 
 Ordinance, opposition to proposed, 118. 
 
 Pantomime, Christmas, 154. 
 Parade, automobile, 149, 150. 
 Parade, Memorial Day, 151. 
 Parties, social, 227-229. 
 Patent case, award in, 98. 
 Pathetic news stories, 25, 38, 42, 57, 63, 
 65, 68, 72, 73, 78, 110, 168. 
 
264 
 
 INDEX TO NEWS STORIES 
 
 Penitentiary convict, escaped, 67, 68. 
 Philadelphia Inquirer, story from, 170. 
 Philadelphia Ledger, stories from, 35, 117, 
 
 118, 176, 202, 225, 228, 229, 244. 
 Philadelphia Telegraph, story from, 257. 
 Police court case, 78. 
 Police news stories, 47-74. 
 Poultry show, opening of, 142. 
 Probate court case, 100, 104, 105. 
 Providence Journal, story from, 154. 
 
 Railroad accidents, 29-31. 
 
 Railroad company declares dividend, 246. 
 
 Railroad wTeck, fatal, 30, 31. 
 
 Railroad's safety campaign, 241. 
 
 Real estate transactions, 244. 
 
 Receivership proceedings, 95. 
 
 Regatta of college crews, 217. 
 
 Report of federal bureau, 138. 
 
 Report of federal official, 139. 
 
 Report of scientist, 138. 
 
 Rescue of drowning man, 41. _ 
 
 Robbery by automobile bandits, 55. 
 
 Robbery, highway, 55. 
 
 Robbery, hold-up, 56, 57. 
 
 Robbery, pathetic treatment of, 57. 
 
 Robberj^ story of, told in court, 82. 
 
 Rowing, college crew races, 217. 
 
 Rowing, prospects of college crew, 216. 
 
 Runaway boy, 47. 
 
 Runaway boy in court, 81. 
 
 Runaway, heroism of policeman in, 22. 
 
 Rvmaway, humorous treatment of, 25. 
 
 Safety campaign by railroad, 241. 
 
 Safety council meeting, 120. 
 
 Sailor, story of, 250. 
 
 St. Louis Globe-Democrat, stories from, 131, 
 
 183. 
 St. Louis Post Dispatch, story from, 116. 
 San Francisco Chronicle, stories from, 54, 
 
 90, 139. 
 San Francisco Examiner, stories from, 25, 
 
 36, 250. 
 School entertainment, 158. 
 School for backn^ard children, 235. 
 School, new manual training, 234. 
 School, new vocational, 234. 
 Schools, 233-236. 
 
 Schools, medical inspection in, 236. 
 Schools, new method of spelling in, 134. 
 Schools, opening of new, 234. 
 Schools, opening of public, 233. 
 Schools, reading in, 235. 
 Schools, reading tests in, 236. 
 Search for lost cliild, 43. 
 Search for lost treasure, 252. 
 Separation, suit for, 93. 
 
 Sermon, 160. 
 
 Ship battered by gale, 35. 
 
 Ship, divers die in hold of, 32. 
 
 Ship news stories, 32, 34, 35, 250, 251, 252, 
 
 254. 
 Ships, collision of, 34. 
 Ship^vreck, 35. 
 Shooting accident, 42. 
 Shooting, murders by, 58-66. 
 Shows, automobUe, poultry, etc., 142. 
 Snow storm, 193. 
 Speeches, 127-130. 
 Sporting news, 200-220. 
 Sporting news, baseball, 212-216. 
 Sporting news, football, 202-212. 
 Sporting news, golf match, 219. 
 Sporting news, rowing, 216, 217. 
 Sporting news, tennis match, 218. 
 Spring, first daj'^ of, 194. 
 Springfield Repuhlican, stories from, 104, 
 
 172, 179, 193, 205, 207, 240, 248. 
 Squirrel in city hall park, 256. 
 Statue, unveiling of, 147. 
 Storm batters fishing vessel, 35. 
 Storm causes shipwreck, 35. 
 Storm damages building, 196. 
 Storm, snow, 193. 
 Storm, wind, 196. 
 Stowaway, 251. 
 Street car accident, 24, 25. 
 Street car bandit, pathetic story of, 57. 
 Street car collision with automobile, 24. 
 Street car kills boy, 25. 
 Street improvements, 240. 
 Strike at Lawrence, Mass., 190. 
 Strike, congressional investigation of, 108. 
 Strike, investigation of, 110. 
 Strike of Colorado miners, 188. 
 Strike of taxicab drivers, 187. 
 Strike of textile workers, 190. 
 Strike of wholesale grocers' employes, 187. 
 Strike, possibility of, 186. 
 Strikes, 186-190. 
 Subway, accident in, 26. 
 Subway, human interest story of, 250. 
 Suicide attempted by schoolgirl, 73. 
 Suicide, cause of attempted, 74. 
 Suicide of business man, 70. 
 Suicide of old couple, 71. 
 Suicide of seamstress, 73. 
 Suicide, pathetic treatment of, 72, 73. 
 Suicides, 70-74. 
 
 Suit at law, humorous treatment of, 92. 
 Supreme court decision, 88, 89, 90. _ 
 Supreme court decision, human interest 
 
 treatment of, 89. 
 Surgical operation, 70. 
 Swindle, 49. 
 
INDEX TO NEWS STORIES 265 
 
 Taxicab drivers' strike, 187. 
 
 Washington Times, story from, 152. 
 
 Tennis match, 218. 
 
 Wayward girl, 66. 
 
 Theatre parties, 228. 
 
 Weather, 192-199. 
 
 Toast at banquet, 157. 
 
 Weather, cold summer, 195. 
 
 Topeka Capital, stories from, 50, 226. 
 
 Weather, first winter, 192. 
 
 Train derailed, 29. 
 
 Weather, high wind, 196. 
 
 Train wreck, fatal, 30, 31. 
 
 Weather, snow storm, 193. 
 
 Trick mule, 259. 
 
 Weather, spring, 194. 
 
 Tunnel, opening of, 146. 
 
 Wedding, elopement, 223. 
 
 
 Wedding of cowboy, 222. 
 
 University building destroyed by fire, 17. 
 
 Wedding of septuagenarians, 223. 
 
 University class day, 166. 
 
 Wedding, result of unusual romance, 222. 
 
 University commencement, 162-166. 
 
 Weddings, 221-226. 
 
 Unveiling of statue, 147. 
 
 Wharves, stories from, 250-254. 
 
 
 Will admitted to probate, 100, 104. 
 
 Vocational school, opening of, 234. 
 
 Will, suit to break, 103. 
 
 Vote, forecast of state, 179. 
 
 Wilson, speech by President, 128, 130. 
 
 Vote on state-wide prohibition, 184. 
 
 Wind, accidents due to, 196. 
 
 Voting, election day, 180. 
 
 Winter weather, 192, 193. 
 
 
 Wisconsin State Journal, story from, 90. 
 
 Washington Herald, story from, 197. 
 
 
 Washington Post, story from, 198. 
 
 Zoo story, 257. 
 
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